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OTP Bank

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FY2023 Annual Report · OTP Bank
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OTP BANK PLC. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

BUDAPEST, 26 APRIL 2024 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dear Shareholders! 

OTP Bank Plc. hereby provides you with the Integrated Annual Report of OTP Bank Plc. for the year 
2023, which is based on the audited financial statements approved by the Annual General Meeting 
of the Company on 26 April 2024. 

On  behalf  of  OTP  Bank  Plc.  we  declare  that,  to  the  best  of  our  knowledge,  the  separate  and 
consolidated  financial  statements  which  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  the  applicable 
accounting  standards,  present  a  true  and  fair  view  of  the  assets,  liabilities,  financial  position  and 
profit and loss of OTP Bank Plc. and its consolidated subsidiaries and associates, and give a fair 
view  of  the  position,  development  and  performance  of  OTP  Bank  Plc.  and  its  consolidated 
subsidiaries and associates, describing the principal risks and uncertainties, and do not conceal facts 
or information which are relevant to the evaluation of the Issuer’s position. 

26 April 2024, Budapest 

dr. Sándor Csányi 
   Chairman & CEO 

László Bencsik 
Deputy CEO 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONTENTS 

CHAIRMAN GREETINGS ............................................................................................... 4 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (SEPARATE) .................................................................................. 5 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) ........................................................................ 30 

INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORTS 2023 (SEPARATE AND CONSOLIDATED, IN 

ACCORDANCE WITH IFRS) ................................................................................................. 230 

SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS IN ACCORDANCE WITH IFRS (2023) .................... 255 

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS IN ACCORDANCE WITH IFRS (2023) ........... 408 

OTHER INFORMATIONS ...................................................................................................... 634 

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ................................................................................................... 635 

ANNEX TO SUSTAINABILITY REPORT .................................................................................... 644 

UNEP FI PRINCIPLES FOR RESPONSIBLE BANKING REPORT............................................. 653 

INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANT’S ASSURANCE REPORT 

ON SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING ...................................................................................... 668 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

3 

 
 
 
CHAIRMAN GREETINGS 

GRI 2-22 

2023 was OTP Group’s most successful year to date, and our performance clearly  indicates that we have 
become  one  of  the  leading  financial  groups  in  the  region.  The  Group’s  balance  sheet  total  exceeded  
EUR 100 billion and its profit after tax amounted to EUR 2.5 billion. Last year, we successfully completed 
two  acquisitions,  the  purchase  of  NKBM  in  Slovenia  was  the  Bank’s  largest  ever  transaction,  while  the 
acquisition of Ipoteka Bank in Uzbekistan marked our exit from the Central and Eastern European region. 
The bank’s capital strength and stable liquidity position provide a favourabl e foundation for organic growth 
and further value-creating acquisitions, improving our market positions even further. 

OTP Group’s engagement to meeting its ambitious sustainability targets remains unbroken. We doubled our 
green loan and bond portfolio during the year, reaching and even exceeding the target set for 2023 by more 
than HUF 200 billion. At year-end, the Banking Group’s green loan portfolio amounted to HUF 656 billion. 
Corporate lending accounts for the largest share of the portfolio, within whic h project financing represents 
the largest ratio. Corporate lending has also accounted for the bulk of this year’s growth, but we expect to 
see more expansion in the retail sector and with small and medium-sized enterprises in the coming period. 

An important step during the year was the extension of our corporate green loan framework to the group 
level, involving seven subsidiary banks. This clearly defines which loans qualify as green, which activities 
and sectors we focus on, and provides the basis for the green rating system we have also developed for the 
various loans. Obtaining reliable data on environmental performance is as much a challenge for OTP Group 
as it is for other market players worldwide. But these are as important when building a gre en portfolio as 
when assessing the impact of the total portfolio of financed loans. It is reassuring that there is continuous 
and dynamic progress in this area. 

Because of its awareness-raising effect, I believe it is a good idea for our retail customers to be able to track 
their  estimated  carbon  emissions  related  to  their  purchases  in  their  mobile  bank,  which  also  encourages 
more environmentally-conscious choices. 

In  recent  years,  we  have  seen  a  significant  increase  in  phishing  attempts  against  customers.  We  have 
always made the security of our systems a top priority, improving it on an ongoing basis, and we support 
the protection of our customers with awareness messages and campaigns, as well as strategic partnerships 
at Group level. 

OTP Group is similarly committed to improving the financial awareness of the population, and we are taking 
action to this end in all our countries of operation. Every year, OTP Group’s foundations provide training to 
tens of thousands of young people, expanding their knowledge  and shaping their awareness, and we are 
actively involved in a number of financial awareness initiatives and hundreds of our employees volunteer in 
this field. 

You  are  kindly  invited  to  review  the  following  pages  to  see  the  Banking  Group’s  financial  result s  and  its 
activities promoting sustainable development. 

Yours sincerely,  

Dr. Sándor Csányi 

Chairman and CEO 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (SEPARATE) 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (SEPARATE) 

SEPARATE STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2023 

(in HUF million) 

Note 

31 December 2023 

31 December 2022 

Cash, amounts due from banks and balances 
with the National Bank of Hungary 
Placements with other banks 
Repo receivables 
Financial assets at fair value through profit or 
loss 
Financial assets at fair value through other 
comprehensive income 
Securities at amortised cost 
Loans at amortised cost 
Loans mandatorily measured at fair value 
through profit or loss 
Investments in subsidiaries 
Property and equipment 
Intangible assets 
Right of use assets 
Investment properties 
Deferred tax assets 
Current tax assets 
Derivative financial assets designated as hedge 
accounting relationships 
Non-current assets held for sale 
Other assets 

TOTAL ASSETS 

Amounts due to banks and deposits from the 
National Bank of Hungary and other banks  
Repo liabilities 
Deposits from customers 
Leasing liabilities 
Liabilities from issued securities 
Financial liabilities designated at fair value 
through profit or loss 
Derivative financial liabilities designated as held 
for trading 
Derivative financial liabilities designated as 
hedge accounting relationships 
Deferred tax liabilities 
Current tax liabilities 
Provisions 
Other liabilities 
Subordinated bonds and loans 

TOTAL LIABILITIES 

Share capital 
Retained earnings and reserves 
Treasury shares 

5. 
6. 
7. 

8. 

9. 
10. 
11. 

11. 
12. 
13. 
13. 

14. 
34. 
34. 

15. 
46. 
16. 

17. 
18. 
19. 

20. 

21. 

22. 

23. 
34. 
34. 
24. 
24. 
25. 

26. 
27. 
28. 

2,708,232 
2,702,433 
201,658 

257,535 

559,527 
2,710,848 
4,681,359 

934,848 
2,001,952 
107,306 
98,115 
66,222 
4,203 
408 
- 

21,628 
130,718 
365,961 

1,092,198 
2,899,829 
246,529 

410,012 

797,175 
3,282,373 
4,825,040 

793,242 
1,596,717 
94,564 
69,480 
39,882 
4,207 
35,742 
1,569 

47,220 
- 
329,752 

17,552,953 

16,565,531 

1,761,579 
443,694 
10,734,325 
68,282 
1,163,109 

19,786 

183,565 

27,423 
- 
14,393 
22,497 
295,399 
520,296 

1,736,128 
408,366 
11,119,158 
41,464 
498,709 

16,576 

373,401 

50,623 
- 
3,199 
29,656 
313,188 
294,186 

15,254,348 

14,884,654 

28,000 
2,276,759 
(6,154) 

28,000 
1,655,601 
(2,724) 

TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY 

2,298,605 

1,680,877 

TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' 
EQUITY 

17,552,953 

16,565,531 

SEPARATE STATEMENT OF PROFIT OR LOSS FOR THE YEAR ENDED  
31 DECEMBER 2023 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

6 

 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

 (in HUF million) 
Interest Income: 
Interest income calculated using the effective interest 
method 
Income similar to interest income 

Interest income and similar to interest income total 

Note 

29. 
29. 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (SEPARATE) 

Year ended 31 
December 2023  

Year ended 31 
December 2022  

1,227,173 
795,906 

721,679 
377,231 

2,023,079 

1,098,910 

Interest Expense: 
Interest expenses total 

NET INTEREST INCOME 

29. 

(1,556,361) 

(802,020) 

466,718 

296,890 

(Release of loss allowance) / Loss allowance on loan, 
placement and repo receivables losses 
(Release of loss allowance) / Loss allowance on securities 
at fair value through other comprehensive income and on 
securities at amortised cost 

(Release of provision) / Provision for loan commitments 
and financial guarantees given 
Change in the fair value attributable to changes in the 
credit risk of loans mandatorily measured at fair value 
through profit of loss  
Risk cost total 

6., 7., 11., 30. 

8,616 

(47,687) 

9., 10., 30. 

11,879 

(53,238) 

24., 30. 

7,172 

(5,541) 

45.4. 

(980) 
26,687 

11,872 
(94,594) 

NET INTEREST INCOME AFTER RISK COST 

493,405 

202,296 

LOSSES ARISING FROM DERECOGNITION OF 
FINANCIAL ASSETS MEASURED AT AMORTISED 
COST 

MODIFICATION LOSS 

Income from fees and commissions 
Expenses from fees and commissions 

NET PROFIT FROM FEES AND COMMISSIONS 

Foreign exchange (losses) and gains  
Gains and (losses)  on securities, net 
Gains / (losses) on financial instruments at fair value 
through profit or loss 
Net results on derivative instruments and hedge 
relationships 
Dividend income 
Other operating income 
Other operating expenses 
NET OPERATING INCOME 

Personnel expenses 
Depreciation and amortization 
Other administrative expenses 

OTHER ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES 

PROFIT BEFORE INCOME TAX 
Income tax 
PROFIT AFTER INCOME TAX 

Earnings per share (in HUF) 
Basic 
Diluted 

4. 

31. 
31. 

32. 
32. 

32. 

32. 
32. 
33. 
33. 

33. 
33. 
33. 

34. 

43. 
43. 

(19,707) 

(56,195) 

(9,017) 

(14,856) 

402,885 
(78,755) 

324,130 

(12,269) 
7,073 

362,444 
(66,087) 

296,357 

541 
(10,605) 

91,268 

(18,790) 

13,055 
275,705 
26,184 
63,590 
464,606 

(195,404) 
(50,814) 
(281,918) 

(528,136) 

725,281 
(70,293) 
654,988 

2,344 
2,344 

9,917 
194,526 
13,775 
(131,942) 
57,422 

(154,303) 
(46,738) 
(290,989) 

(492,030) 

(7,006) 
13,638 
6,632 

24 
24 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

7 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (SEPARATE) 

SEPARATE STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEAR ENDED 
31 DECEMBER 2023 

 (in HUF million) 

Year ended 
31 December 
2023 

Year ended 
31 December 
2022 

Note 

PROFIT AFTER INCOME TAX 

654,988 

6,632 

Items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss: 

Fair value adjustment of debt instruments at fair value through other 
comprehensive income 

Deferred tax related to fair value adjustment of debt instruments at fair 
value through other comprehensive income 

34. 

Gains / (Losses) on separated currency spread of financial instruments 
designated as hedging instrument 

Deferred tax related to (losses) / gains on separated currency spread of 
financial instruments designated as hedging instrument 

34. 

(Losses) / Gains on derivative financial instruments designated as cash 
flow hedge 

Deferred tax related to gains on derivative financial instruments 
designated as cash flow hedge 

34. 

Items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss: 

Gains on equity instruments at fair value through other comprehensive 
income 

Fair value adjustment of equity instruments at fair value through other 
comprehensive income 

Deferred tax related to equity instruments at fair value through other 
comprehensive income 

34. 

Total 

TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 

37,917 

(55,804) 

(3,503) 

5,186 

3,752 

(4,887) 

(338) 

440 

5,700 

(5,641) 

- 

- 

3,308 

(374) 

- 

2,675 

61 

(41) 

46,462 

(58,011) 

701,450 

(51,379) 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

8 

 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (SEPARATE) 

POST-BALANCE SHEET EVENTS 

Post-balance sheet events cover the period until 20 February 2024. 

Hungary 

•  On 23 January 2023 OTP Bank announced that notes were issued with a value date of 31 January 2024, 
in  the  aggregate  nominal  amount  of  EUR  600  million.  The  5  years,  Non-Call  4  years  Senior  Preferred 
Notes were priced on 23 January 2024. 

•  On 26 January 2024 Scope Ratings affirmed Hungary's long-term local- and foreign-currency issuer and 

senior unsecured debt ratings at ‘BBB’ with stable outlook. 

•  On 29 January 2024 the Ministry for National Economy announced that following discussions between the 
Government and the Banking Association, based on the banks' voluntary commitment, from 1 February to 
1 May 2024, the interest margin above BUBOR rate for newly contracted Hungarian Forint-based, variable-
rate corporate loan contracts (regardless of the purpose of the loan) will be 0%, and the margin will remain 
at 0% for 6 months from the date of disbursement of the loan, after which it may return to the normal level. 
At the same time, the Government indicated that the rate cap on outstanding variable rate MSE loans, 
which expires on 1 April 2024 according to the current legislation, will not be further extended. 

•  On 30 January 2024 the National Bank of Hungary cut its key policy rate by 75 bps to 10.0%. 

•  On 2 February 2024 OTP Bank announced that it decided to terminate the project aiming at establishing 
a  consumer  finance  joint  venture  company  with  its  partners  in  China  with  a  15%shareholding,  as  the 
condition precedents were not fulfilled until the pertaining contractual deadlines. 

•  On 9 February 2024 OTP Bank announced that it concluded a share sale and purchase agreement to sell 
its directly and indirectly owned 100% shareholding in OTP Bank Romania S.A. to Banca Transilvania S.A. 
(‘BT’). OTP Group is also selling its 100% shareholdings in its other Romanian subsidiaries, OTP Leasing 
Romania  IFN  S.A.  and  OTP  Asset  Management  S.A.I.  S.A.  to  BT  under  the  transaction.  The  financial 
closing of the transaction is expected in 2024 subject to the necessary regulatory approvals. 

•  On 12 February 2024 OTP Bank received a single permission from the Hungarian National Bank for the 
repurchase of treasury shares, accordingly the Bank is entitled to repurchase its own shares in the amount 
of HUF 60 billion until 31 December 2024. The total amount specified in the permission shall immediately 
be deducted from the own funds in accordance with the law. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

9 

 
 
OTP BANK 

ACQUISITIONS 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (SEPARATE) 

On 31 May 2021 OTP Bank signed a share sale and purchase agreement on purchasing 100% shareholding 
of OTP Luxembourg S.a.r.l. and its subsidiaries – Nova KBM d.d. and Aleja Finance d.o.o., which are 80% 
owned by funds managed by affiliates of Apollo Global Management, Inc. and 20% by EBRD. The financial 
closing  of  the  transaction  took  place  on  6  February  2023,  after  obtaining  all  the  necessar y  regulatory 
approvals.  

In line with the sale and purchase agreement concluded on 12 December 2022 between OTP Bank and the 
Ministry of Economy and Finance of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the first step of the Ipoteka Bank acquisition 
was  completed  on  13  June  2023.  Consequently,  OTP  Bank  became  the  majority  shareholder  of  Ipoteka 
Bank  by  acquiring  a  73.71%  stake  and  became  indirect  shareholder  of  Ipoteka  Bank’s  wholly -owned 
subsidiaries. In the second step of the transaction, the shares that remained in the  ownership of the Ministry 
will be bought three years after the first step. 

MACROECONOMIC OVERVIEW 

Following the rapid recovery after the Covid crisis and the outbreak of the Russian-Ukrainian war, inflation has 
already started to fall in advanced economies in 2023 and, as the year was nearing its end, the debate on the 
possible  timing  of  an  interest  rate  cut  has  begun.  Meanwhile,  the  labour  market  remained  tight,  with  low 
unemployment and strong wage dynamics. Developed markets’ long yields fell sharply by the end of 2023, 
from the multi-decade highs hit in the autumn.  

However, economic growth printed different patterns on the two sides of the Atlantic. In the USA, 2023 brought 
a much stronger-than-expected economic performance, and growth shifted into higher gear in the second half 
of the year. The robust figures were driven by supportive fiscal policy, a surge in household savings during the 
pandemic, and low interest rates on loans. Headline inflation peaked in June 2022 (+8.9%), but the subsequent 
decline briefly stalled in the middle of 2023. However, core inflation continued to fall, easing to 3.9% (y-o-y) by 
the end of 2023. The very loose fiscal policy, which raised the budget deficit from around 5% to 8% of GDP, 
required very tight monetary policy to bring inflation down. The Fed has aggressively raised the base rate to 
5.25–5.5% while beginning to shrink its balance sheet.  

The energy crisis brought the euro area to its knees, and the economy has been unable to recover from it: 
amid high inflation and high interest rates, output has been practically stagnant since the 3Q of 2022. Countries 
with  industries  that  used  to  rely  heavily  on  Russian  energy  (e.g.  Germany)  were  hit  particularly  hard. 
High interest rates have led to a slowdown in lending, which has also weighed on growth in Europe. Disinflation 
was very strong in the euro area in 2023: headline and core inflation fell to 2.8% and 3.3%, respectively by the 
end of the year. The biggest concern in this context is services sector CPI, which has been stagnant at 4.0% 
(y-o-y) since November 2023. Despite all the weakness in the economy and strong disinflation, the ECB has 
not yet considered cutting interest rates, and the euro area ended last year with a deposit rate of 4% and a 
lending rate of 4.5%. 

Hungary’s  economy  fell  into  a  longer  and  deeper  recession  than  the  rest  of  the  CEE  region  in  2023  
(GDP y-o-y: 1Q:-0.9%; 2Q:-2.4%; 3Q:-0.4%). However, the recession ended  in the third quarter,  as growth 
started to pick up on quarterly basis, helped by the base effect of an unprecedented poor agriculture season 
in 2022. Inflation peaked at 25.7%, 10%points higher than the region's average, before disinflation started in 
the spring. From the middle of the year, real wages started to rise again on a monthly basis, but this was only 
very  moderately  passed  on  to  consumer  spending.  Following  an  over  8%  current  account  deficit  in  2022, 
Hungary’s external balance turned into surplus last year, as gas prices collapsed and imports fell, due to a 
drop in domestic demand. The initial budget deficit target of 3.9% of GDP turned out to be unsustainable and 
ended up near 6% of GDP in 2023. The MNB cut the effective interest rate in several steps by 725 basis points, 
to 10.75% by the end of the year, which had been raised to 18% in autumn 2022, and the base rate regained 
its role in September, when the former overnight deposit facility was phased out. The EUR/HUF fell from around 
400 at the beginning of the year to below 370 at one point in the summer, but stabilized around 380 by the end 
of 2023. 

Progress  on  EU  funds  was  made  at  the  end  of  last  year  when  the  European  Commission  approved  the  
so-called  horizontal  enabling  conditions  for  the  judicial  reform  in  December.  The  government  was  able  to 
unblock about EUR 11 billion of EU funds, thanks to a range of measures implemented last year. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

10 

OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (SEPARATE) 

DIGITAL AND IT INNOVATIONS 

OTP Bank broadens the range of remotely available services continually. The number of our digitally active 
retail  clients  has  far  exceeded  2  million,  and  most  of  our  clients  now  contact  our  Bank  through  mobile 
banking. 

Through  the  mobile  application,  in  addition  to  the  daily  banking  functions,  our  clients  can  purchase 
investment funds, bonds, car prize deposits, or apply for a new home savings product or tra vel insurance. 
In addition, thanks to the piggy bank function, our customers can set up savings goals and put money aside 
little by little for it, while selecting ‘Split the Bill’, they can easily allocate the costs of a dinner among the 
participants. 

The Bank focuses on the continuous upgrades of the Personal Finance Management (PFM) toolset, which 
supports our users in making more conscious financial decisions. The expense tracker service is already 
capable of handling user generated, personalized categories as well. 

The constant ascent in the ratio of our digitally active clients is supported by targeted online campaigns and 
continuous  user  education.  Machine  learning  algorithms  help  the  Bank  processing  all  digital  data  for 
displaying relevant, personalized offers to the clients. 

By  the  end  of  2023,  nearly  2  million  of  our  retail  customers  have  registered  for  the  new  Digital  Contract 
which allows them to apply for digital services via fully online processes. Several products are available via 
end-to-end online processes for example: retail clients can open a new account with selfie -identification, or 
contract for a personal loan or travel insurance digitally. 

VideoBank  provides  consulting  service  and  application  process  for  mortgages  as  well.  W e  received 
numerous positive feedback from clients using the channel. Our customers have access to the chat feature 
on the website, via our internet banking service and in the mobile application as well, therefore we serve 
client needs also via identified conversations. 

We are constantly improving our fraud prevention platform to better identify and prevent fraudulent activity 
targeting our digital service. 

In addition to our internet and mobile banking developments, in 2023 we have created a so -called Merchant 
Portal for partners holding card acceptance contracts, where they can reach analytics, statements and all 
related documents of card transactions made with us. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

11 

 
 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (SEPARATE) 

BRANCH NETWORK OF OTP BANK 

The  Bank  provides  a  full  range  of  commercial  banking  services  through  a  nationwide  network  and  its 
branches are available to customers in Hungary. 

1011 Budapest, Iskola utca 38-42. 

1119 Budapest, Hadak útja 1. 

2085 Pilisvörösvár, Fő utca 60 

1015 Budapest, Széna tér 7. 

1123 Budapest, Alkotás utca 53 

2092 Budakeszi, Fő utca 174. 

1021 Budapest, Hüvösvölgyi út 138. 

1124 Budapest, Apor Vilmos tér 11. 

2100 Gödöllő, Szabadság tér 12-13. 

1024 Budapest, Fény utca 11-13. 

1126 Budapest, Böszörményi út 9-11. 

2112 Veresegyház, Fő út 52 

1025 Budapest, Szépvölgyi út 4/b. 

1133 Budapest, Váci út 80. 

2119 Pécel, Kossuth  tér 4. 

1025 Budapest, Törökvész út 1/a 

1134 Budapest, Váci út 17. 

2120 Dunakeszi, Barátság utca 29. 

1026 Budapest, Szilágyi Erzsébet fasor 

1135 Budapest, Lehel út 70-76. 

2120 Dunakeszi, Nádas utca 6. 

121. 

1033 Budapest, Flórián tér 15. 

1033 Budapest, Szentendrei utca 115. 

1037 Budapest, Bécsi út 154. 

1137 Budapest, Pozsonyi út 38. 

2141 Csömör, Határ út 6. 

1138 Budapest, Váci út 135-139 

2143 Kistarcsa, Hunyadi utca 7. 

1146 Budapest, Thököly út 102/b. 

2151 Fót, Móricz Zsigmond  utca 23/A 

1148 Budapest, Nagy Lajos király útja 19-

2170 Aszód, Kossuth Lajos utca 42-46. 

1039 Budapest, Heltai Jenő tér 2. 

21. 

1041 Budapest, Erzsébet utca 50. 

1149 Budapest, Bosnyák tér 17. 

1042 Budapest, Árpád út 63-65. 

1149 Budapest, Fogarasi út 15/b. 

1048 Budapest, Kordován tér 4. 

1151 Budapest, Fő utca 64. 

1051 Budapest, Nádor utca 16. 

1152 Budapest, Szentmihályi út 131. 

1052 Budapest, Deák Ferenc utca 7-9. 

1157 Budapest, Zsókavár utca 28. 

1054 Budapest, Szabadság tér 7-8. 

1161 Budapest, Rákosi út 118. 

1055 Budapest, Nyugati tér 9. 

1163 Budapest, Jókai Mór utca 3/b. 

1055 Budapest, Szent István krt. 1. 

1173 Budapest, Ferihegyi út 93. 

1062 Budapest, Váci út 1-3. 

1173 Budapest, Pesti út 5-7. 

2200 Monor, Kossuth Lajos utca 67. 

2220 Vecsés, Fő utca 170. 

2220 Vecsés, Fő utca 246-248 

2225 Üllő, Pesti út 92/b. 

2230 Gyömrő, Szent István út 17. 

2234 Maglód, Esterházy  utca 1. 

2300 Ráckeve, Szt István tér 3. 

2310 Szigetszentmiklós, Háros utca 120. 

2310 Szigetszentmiklós, Ifjúság útja 17. 

2330 Dunaharaszti, Dózsa György utca 

1066 Budapest, Oktogon tér 3. 

1181 Budapest, Üllői út 377. 

25. 

1075 Budapest, Károly krt. 1. 

1183 Budapest, Üllői út 440. 

2340 Kiskunlacháza, Dózsa György út 

1075 Budapest, Károly krt. 25. 

1188 Budapest, Vasút utca 48. 

1076 Budapest, Thököly út 4 

1191 Budapest, Üllői út 201. 

1081 Budapest, Népszínház utca 3-5. 

1195 Budapest, Üllői út 285. 

1083 Budapest, Futó utca 35-45 

1195 Budapest, Vak Bottyán út 75 a-c 

1085 Budapest, József krt. 33. 

1203 Budapest, Bíró Mihály utca 7. 

1085 Budapest, József krt. 53. 

1204 Budapest, Kossuth Lajos utca 44-46. 

1085 Budapest, Kálvin tér 12-13. 

1211 Budapest, Kossuth Lajos utca 86. 

1087 Budapest, Könyves Kálmán krt. 76-

1211 Budapest, Kossuth Lajos utca 99. 

1. sz.  

1094 Budapest, Ferenc krt. 13. 

1095 Budapest, Soroksári út 32-34. 

1097 Budapest, Könyves Kálmán krt. 12-

14. 

1102 Budapest, Kőrösi Csoma sétány 6. 

1103 Budapest, Sibrik Miklós utca 30. 

1106 Budapest, Örs vezér tere 25 

1115 Budapest, Bartók Béla út 92-94. 

1117 Budapest, Hunyadi János út 19. 

1221 Budapest, Kossuth Lajos utca 31. 

1222 Budapest, Nagytétényi út 37-45. 

1238 Budapest, Grassalkovich út 160. 

1239 Budapest, Bevásárló utca 2. 

2000 Szentendre, Pannónia út 1-3. 

2013 Pomáz, József Attila utca 17. 

2030 Érd, Budai út 24. 

2030 Érd, Iparos út 5. 

2040 Budaörs, Sport út 2-4. 

1117 Budapest, Móricz Zsigmond körtér 

18. 

1117 Budapest, Október huszonharmadika 

utca 8-10. 

2040 Budaörs, Szabadság utca 131/a. 

2060 Bicske, Bocskai köz 1. 

2083 Solymár, Szent Flórián utca 2. 

219. 

2360 Gyál, Kőrösi út 160. 

2364 Ócsa, Szabadság tér 1. 

2370 Dabas, Bartók Béla út 46. 

2400 Dunaújváros, Dózsa György út 4/e. 

2440 Százhalombatta, Szent István tér 8. 

2457 Adony, Petőfi Sándor utca 2. 

2483 Gárdony, Szabadság út 18. 

2500 Esztergom, Rákóczi tér 2-4. 

2510 Dorog, Bécsi út 33. 

2536 Nyergesújfalu, Kossuth Lajos utca 

126. 

2600 Vác, Széchenyi utca 3-7. 

2651 Rétság, Rákóczi út 28-30. 

2660 Balassagyarmat, Rákóczi fejedelem 

utca 44. 

2700 Cegléd, Szabadság tér 6. 

2721 Pilis, Rákóczi utca 9. 

2730 Albertirsa, Vasút utca 4/a. 

2750 Nagykőrös, Szabadság tér 2. 

2760 Nagykáta, Bajcsy-Zsilinszky utca 1. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

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OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (SEPARATE) 

2800 Tatabánya, Bárdos László utca 2. 

4100 Berettyóújfalu, Oláh Zsigmond utca 

5530 Vésztő, Kossuth Lajos utca 72. 

2800 Tatabánya, Fő tér 32. 

2840 Oroszlány, Rákóczi Ferenc út 84. 

2870 Kisbér, Batthyány tér 5. 

2890 Tata, Ady Endre utca 1-3. 

2900 Komárom, Mártírok útja 23. 

2941 Ács, Gyár utca 14. 

3000 Hatvan, Kossuth tér 8. fszt. 1. 

3021 Lőrinci, Szabadság tér 25/A 

3060 Pásztó, Fő utca 73/a. 

1. 

4110 Biharkeresztes, Kossuth utca 4. 

4130 Derecske, Köztársaság út 111. 

4138 Komádi, Fő utca 1-3. 

4150 Püspökladány, Kossuth utca 2. 

4181 Nádudvar, Fő út 119. 

4200 Hajdúszoboszló, Szilfákalja utca 6-8. 

4220 Hajdúböszörmény, Kossuth Lajos 

utca 3. 

4242 Hajdúhadház, Kossuth utca 2. 

3070 Bátonyterenye, Bányász utca 1/a. 

3100 Salgótarján, Rákóczi út 22. 

3170 Szécsény, Feszty Árpád utca 1. 

4244 Újfehértó, Fő tér 15. 

4254 Nyíradony, Árpád tér 6. 

4300 Nyírbátor, Zrínyi utca 1. 

3200 Gyöngyös, Fő tér 1. 

3245 Recsk, Kossuth Lajos út 93. 

3300 Eger, Törvényház utca 4. 

3360 Heves, Hősök tere 4. 

3390 Füzesabony, Rákóczi Ferenc út 77. 

3400 Mezőkövesd, Mátyás király út 149. 

3450 Mezőcsát, Hősök tere 23. 

3527 Miskolc, József Attila utca 87. 

3530 Miskolc, Rákóczi Ferenc utca 1. 

3530 Miskolc, Uitz Béla utca 6. 

3535 Miskolc, Árpád út 2. 

3580 Tiszaújváros, Szent István út 30. 

3600 Ózd, Városház tér 1/a. 

4320 Nagykálló, Árpád utca 10.  

4400 Nyíregyháza, Rákóczi utca 1. 

4440 Tiszavasvári, Kossuth Lajos utca 6. 

4450 Tiszalök, Kossuth Lajos utca 52/a. 

4492 Dombrád, Szabadság tér 7. 

4501 Kemecse, Móricz Zsigmond utca 18. 

4561 Baktalórántháza, Köztársaság tér 4. 

4600 Kisvárda, Szt László utca 30. 

4625 Záhony, Ady Endre út 27-29. 

4700 Mátészalka, Szalkay László utca 34. 

4765 Csenger, Ady Endre utca 1. 

4800 Vásárosnamény, Szabadság tér 33.  

4900 Fehérgyarmat, Móricz Zsigmond 

3630 Putnok, Kossuth Lajos utca 45. 

utca 4. 

5000 Szolnok, Nagy Imre krt. 2/a. 

5000 Szolnok, Szapáry utca 31. 

5540 Szarvas, Kossuth Lajos tér 1. 

5600 Békéscsaba, Andrássy út 37-43. 

5600 Békéscsaba, Szent István tér 3. 

5630 Békés, Széchenyi tér 2. 

5650 Mezőberény, Kossuth Lajos tér 12. 

5661 Újkígyós, Kossuth utca 38. 

5700 Gyula, Bodoky utca 9. 

5720 Sarkad, Árpád fejedelem tér 5. 

5742 Elek, Gyulai  út 5. 

5800 Mezőkovácsháza, Árpád utca 177. 

5820 Mezőhegyes, Zala György  ltp. 7. 

5830 Battonya, Fő utca 86. 

5900 Orosháza, Kossuth Lajos utca 20. 

6000 Kecskemét, Dunaföldvári út 2. 

6000 Kecskemét, Korona utca 2. 

6000 Kecskemét, Szabadság tér 5. 

6050 Lajosmizse, Dózsa György út 102/a. 

6060 Tiszakécske, Béke tér 6. 

6070 Izsák, Szabadság tér 1. 

6080 Szabadszállás, Dózsa György út 1. 

6087 Dunavecse, Fő út 40. 

6090 Kunszentmiklós, Kálvin tér 11. 

6100 Kiskunfélegyháza, Petőfi tér 1 

6120 Kiskunmajsa, Csendes köz 1. 

6200 Kiskőrös, Petőfi Sándor tér 13. 

6230 Soltvadkert, Szentháromság utca 2. 

6237 Kecel, Császártöltési utca 1. 

6300 Kalocsa, Szent István király út 43-45. 

3700 Kazincbarcika, Egressy Béni út 50. 

3770 Sajószentpéter, Bethlen Gábor utca 

1/a. 

3780 Edelény, Tóth Árpád út 1. 

3800 Szikszó, Kassai utca 16. 

3860 Encs, Bem József utca 1. 

3900 Szerencs, Kossuth tér 3/a. 

3910 Tokaj, Rákóczi út 37. 

3950 Sárospatak, Eötvös  utca 2. 

3980 Sátoraljaújhely, Széchenyi tér 13. 

4025 Debrecen, Hatvan utca 2-4. 

4025 Debrecen, Pásti utca 1-3. 

4025 Debrecen, Piac utca 45-47. 

4031 Debrecen, Kishatár utca 7. 

4032 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1. 

4032 Debrecen, Füredi út 43. 

4060 Balmazújváros, Veres Péter utca 3. 

4080 Hajdúnánás, Köztársaság tér 17-

18/a. 

4087 Hajdúdorog, Petőfi tér 9. 

4090 Polgár, Barankovics tér 15. 

5000 Szolnok, Széchenyi István krt. 135. 

6320 Solt, Kossuth Lajos utca 48-50. 

5100 Jászberény, Lehel vezér tér 28. 

5123 Jászárokszállás, Rákóczi Ferenc 

utca 4-6. 

5130 Jászapáti, Kossuth Lajos út 2-8. 

5200 Törökszentmiklós, Kossuth Lajos 

utca 141. 

6400 Kiskunhalas, Sétáló utca 7 

6430 Bácsalmás, Szt János utca 32. 

6440 Jánoshalma, Rákóczi Ferec utca 10. 

6449 Mélykút, Petőfi tér 18. 

6500 Baja, Deák Ferenc utca 1. 

5300 Karcag, Kossuth Lajos tér 15. 

6600 Szentes, Kossuth Lajos utca 26. 

5310 Kisújszállás, Szabadság tér 6. 

6640 Csongrád, Szentháromság tér 2-6. 

5340 Kunhegyes, Szabadság tér 4. 

6720 Szeged, Aradi vértanúk tere 3. 

5350 Tiszafüred, Piac tér 3. 

6720 Szeged, Takaréktár utca 7. 

5400 Mezőtúr, Szabadság tér 29. 

6724 Szeged, Londoni krt. 3. 

5420 Túrkeve, Széchenyi utca 32-34. 

6724 Szeged, Rókusi krt. 42-64. 

5430 Tiszaföldvár, Kossuth Lajos út 191. 

6760 Kistelek, Kossuth Lajos utca 6-8 

5440 Kunszentmárton, Kossuth Lajos út 2. 

6782 Mórahalom, Szegedi út 3. 

5500 Gyomaendrőd, Szabadság tér 7 

6800 Hódmezővásárhely, Andrássy út 1. 

5510 Dévaványa, Árpád utca 32. 

6900 Makó, Széchenyi tér 14-16. 

5520 Szeghalom, Tildy Zoltán utca 4-8. 

7000 Sárbogárd, Ady Endre út 172. 

5525 Füzesgyarmat, Szabadság tér 1. 

7020 Dunaföldvár, Béke tér 11. 

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OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (SEPARATE) 

7030 Paks, Dózsa György utca 33. 

8000 Székesfehérvár, Ősz utca 13. 

9022 Győr, Teleki László utca 51. 

7081 Simontornya, Petőfi utca 68. 

8060 Mór, Deák Ferenc utca 2. 

9024 Győr, Bartók Béla út 53/b. 

7090 Tamási, Szabadság utca 33 

8100 Várpalota, Újlaky út 2. 

9024 Győr, Kormos István utca 6. 

7100 Szekszárd, Szent István tér 5-7. 

8130 Enying, Kossuth Lajos utca 43. 

9026 Győr, Egyetem tér 1. 

7130 Tolna, Kossuth Lajos utca 31. 

8154 Polgárdi, Deák Ferenc utca 16. 

9027 Győr, Budai út 1. 

7140 Bátaszék, Budai utca 13. 

8200 Veszprém, Brusznyai Árpád  utca 1. 

9200 Mosonmagyaróvár, Fő utca 24 

7150 Bonyhád, Szabadság tér 10. 

8220 Balatonalmádi, Baross Gábor út 5-7. 

9300 Csorna, Soproni út 58. 

7200 Dombóvár, Dombó Pál utca 3. 

8230 Balatonfüred, Petőfi Sándor utca 8. 

9317 Szany, Ady Endre utca 2. 

7300 Komló, Kossuth Lajos utca 95/1. 

8300 Tapolca, Fő tér 2. 

9330 Kapuvár, Szt. István király utca 4-6. 

7370 Sásd, Dózsa György utca 2. 

8330 Sümeg, Kisfaludy Sándor  tér 1. 

9400 Sopron, Teleki Pál út 22./A 

7400 Kaposvár, Honvéd utca 55. 

8360 Keszthely, Kossuth Lajos utca 38. 

9400 Sopron, Várkerület út 96. 

7400 Kaposvár, Széchenyi tér 2. 

8380 Hévíz, Erzsébet királyné utca 11. 

9431 Fertőd, Fő utca 7. 

7500 Nagyatád, Korányi Sándor utca 6. 

8400 Ajka, Szabadság tér 18. 

9500 Celldömölk, Kossuth Lajos utca 18. 

7561 Nagybajom, Fő utca 107 

8420 Zirc, Rákóczi tér 15. 

9600 Sárvár, Batthyány utca 2. 

7570 Barcs, Séta tér 5. 

8500 Pápa, Fő tér 22. 

9700 Szombathely, Fő tér 3-5. 

7621 Pécs, Rákóczi út 1. 

8600 Siófok, Fő tér 10/a 

9700 Szombathely, Király utca 10. 

7621 Pécs, Rákóczi út 44. 

8630 Balatonboglár, Dózsa György utca 1. 

9700 Szombathely, Rohonci út 52. 

7622 Pécs, Bajcsy-Zsilinszky utca 11/1. 

8638 Balatonlelle, Rákóczi út 202-204 

9730 Kőszeg, Kossuth Lajos utca 8. 

7632 Pécs, Diána tér 14. 

8640 Fonyód, Ady Endre utca 25. 

9737 Bük, Kossuth utca 1-3.  

7633 Pécs, Ybl Miklós utca 7/3. 

8660 Tab, Kossuth Lajos utca 96. 

9800 Vasvár, Alkotmány utca 2. 

7700 Mohács, Széchenyi tér 1 

8693 Lengyeltóti, Csalogány utca 2. 

9900 Körmend, Vida József utca 12. 

7720 Pécsvárad, Bem utca 2/b 

8700 Marcali, Rákóczi utca 6-10. 

9970 Szentgotthárd, Mártírok út 2. 

7754 Bóly, Hősök tere 8/b. 

8790 Zalaszentgrót, Batthyány Lajos utca 

7773 Villány, Baross Gábor utca 36. 

7800 Siklós, Felszabadulás utca 60-62. 

7900 Szigetvár, Vár utca 4. 

7940 Szentlőrinc, Munkácsy Mihály utca 

16/A 

7960 Sellye, Köztársaság tér 4. 

8000 Székesfehérvár, Holland fasor 2. 

11. 

8800 Nagykanizsa, Deák tér 15. 

8800 Nagykanizsa, Erzsébet tér 23. 

8840 Csurgó, Petőfi tér 20/A 

8900 Zalaegerszeg, Kisfaludy Sándor utca 

15-17. 

8960 Lenti, Dózsa György út 1. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

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OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (SEPARATE) 

STATEMENT ON CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PRACTICE 

Corporate governance practice 

OTP  Bank  Plc.,  being  registered  in  Hungary,  has  a  corporate  governance  policy  that  complies  with  the 
provisions on companies of the act applicable (Civil Code). As the company conducts banking operations, it 
also adheres to the statutory regulations pertaining to credit institutions. 

Beyond fulfilling the statutory requirements, as a listed company on the Budapest Stock Exchange (BSE), the 
company  also  makes  an  annual  declaration  on  its  compliance  with  the  BSE’s  Corporate  Governance 
Recommendations. After being approved by the General Meeting, this declaration is published on the websites 
of both the Stock Exchange (www.bet.hu) and the Bank (www.otpbank.hu). 

System of internal controls 

OTP Bank Plc., as a provider of financial and investment services, operates a  closely regulated and state-
supervised system of internal controls. 

OTP  Bank  Plc.  has  detailed  risk  management  regulations  applicable  to  all  types  of  risks  (credit,  country, 
counterparty,  market,  liquidity,  operational,  compliance),  which  are  in  compliance  with  the  regulations  on 
prudent banking operations. The Bank Group pays special attention to the management of ESG risks and the 
implementation  of  climate  protection  aspects  in  business  practice.  Its  risk  management  system  extends  to 
cover the identification of risks, the assessment and analysis of their impact, elaboration of the required action 
plans and the monitoring of their effectiveness and results. The business continuity framework is intended to 
provide  for  the  continuity  of  services.  Developed  on  the  basis  of  international  methodologies,  the  lifecycle 
model  includes  process  evaluation,  action  plan  development  for  critical  processes,  the  regular  review  and 
testing of these, as well as related DRP activities.   

OTP Bank Plc.'s internal audit system is realised on several levels of control built on each other. The system 
of  internal  checks  and  balances  includes  process-integrated  control,  management  control,  independent 
internal audit organisation and executive information system. The independent internal audit organisation as 
a  key  element  of  internal  lines  of  defence  promotes  the  statutory  and  efficient  management  of  assets  and 
liabilities,  the  defence  of  property,  the  safe  course  of  business,  the  efficient  operation  of  internal  control 
systems, the minimisation of risks, moreover it reveals and reports deviations from statutory regulations and 
internal rules, makes proposal to abolish deficiencies and follows up the execution of actions. The independent 
internal audit organisation  annually and  quarterly prepares group-level reports  on control  actions and audit 
results for the executive boards. Once a year, the internal audit organisation with the prior opinion of the Audit 
Committee draws up, for the Supervisory Board, the Board of Directors and the Risk Assumption and Risk 
Management Committee, objective and independent reports in respect of the operation of risk management, 
internal control mechanisms and corporate governance functions. Furthermore, in line with the provisions of 
the Credit Institutions Act, reports, once a year, to the Supervisory Board and the Board of Directors on the 
regularity of internal audit tasks, professional requirements and the conduct of audits, and on the review of 
compliance with IT and other technical conditions needed for the audits. 

In  line  with  the  regulations  of  the  European  Union,  the  applicable  Hungarian  laws  and  supervisory 
recommendations, OTP Bank Plc. operates an independent organisational unit with the task of identifying and 
managing compliance risks. The Compliance Directorate prepares a report quarterly to the Board of Directors, 
and  annually  to  the  Supervisory  Board,  about  the  Bank’s  and  the  Bank  Group’s  compliance  activities  and 
position. 

IT Controls 

Applications  are  developed  by  either  in-house  group  resources  or  by  third  parties.  OTP  Bank  applies 
administrative,  logical and  physical control measures  commensurate  with the risk in order to  protect  the IT 
systems storing and processing data, as follows: 

•  access to data/systems is only possible on the basis of a predefined authorisation management process 
that applies the principle of least privilege, ensures segregation of responsibilities, that has regular access 
right reviews  and ensures that dismissed employees’ access is revoked in a timely manner; 

•  user authentication, authorisation and password management processes are controlled by policies and 

• 

audited; 
the systems have test and development environments with appropriate separation from the production 
environments  that  have  a  secure  change  management  procedure,  which  ensures  that  program 
developments  or  modifications  can  only  be  deployed  to  the  operational  environment  after  proper, 
controlled testing and approval; 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

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OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (SEPARATE) 

•  systems are protected by appropriate network perimeter protection, various security devices and network 
segmentation, furthermore all network communications are protected with state-of-the-art encryption; 
the  IT  systems  that  store  and  process  data  are  regularly  backed  up  and  backup  media  is  stored  in 
controlled  premises  with  adequate  protection  for  long-term  retention,  and  the  organisation  carries  out 
regular backup restore tests; 

• 

•  adequate redundancy is applied for IT systems that store and process data to ensure business continuity 

and disaster resiliency; 

•  has developed DRPs and BCPs for critical systems and critical business processes, which are regularly 

• 

• 
• 
• 
• 

• 

• 

• 

tested and reviewed; 
the Bank collects and retains the complete log of all major IT operations and IT security relevant data 
processing activities and the confidentiality, availability, integrity, authenticity and non-repudiation of these 
audit logs are ensured; 
there is a continuous, up-to-date protection against malicious codes; 
it ensures the regular implementation of vendor patches and updates for the environments used; 
it uses a data leakage protection (DLP) solution to reduce the risk of inadvertent data loss; 
it  ensures  the  continuous  monitoring  of  the  operation  events  of  the  physical  and  virtual  environment 
system elements with automated event detection and management tools; 
the  above  measures  are  documented  at  an  appropriate  level,  which  ensures  the  traceability  of  the 
implementation of data security requirements in a transparent manner; 
it ensures permanent secure deletion of the data stored on the media, the destruction of the media and 
the documentation of the destruction of the media during secure operational media disposal processes; 
it  enforces  data  protection  requirements  already  at  the  design  stage  of  the  implementation  of  the  
IT systems storing and  processing personal data  and of the systems  operational processes related to 
them; 

•  acquire  and  maintain  ability  to  adequately  handle  application  related  security  events  (including  cyber 

• 

threats), entailing prevention, detection, identification, isolation, analysis, recovery and reporting; 
remote work is regulated in a controlled and documented way, remote device and user access is protected 
with multi-factor authentication; 

•  ensures IT security compliance by its managed regulative framework; 
• 

revision  and  update  of  IT  security  regulations  bi-yearly  or  in  a  frequency  complying  legislative 
requirements or upon major changes; 

•  ensures vulnerability assessments and penetration tests are carried out as planned; 
•  defines pools for categorization of installed software into preferred, allowed and prohibited and ensures 

• 

compliance to that policy. 
it  ensures that its employees have adequate knowledge  of  data  protection requirements and  provides 
regular data protection and information security awareness training for them. 

General Meeting 

The  General  Meeting  is  the  supreme  governing  body  of  OTP  Bank  Plc.  The  regulations  pertaining  to  its 
operation are set forth in the Company’s Articles of Association, and comply fully with both general and special 
statutory requirements. Information on the General Meeting is available in the Corporate Governance Report. 

Regulations and information to be presented in the Business Report concerning securities conferring 
voting  rights  issued  by  the  Company  and  senior  officials,  according  to  the  effective  Articles  of 
Association, and ownership structure  

The  Company’s  registered  capital  is  HUF  28,000,001,000,  that  is  twenty -eight  thousand  million  one 
thousand  Hungarian  forint,  divided  into  280,000,010  that  is  Two  hundred  and  eighty  million  and  ten 
dematerialised  ordinary  shares  with  a  nominal  value  of  HUF  100  each,  and  a  total  nominal  value  of  
HUF 28,000,001,000, that is twenty eight billion one thousand Hungarian forint.  

The ordinary shares of the Company specified all have the same nominal value and bestow the same rights 
in respect of the Company. 

There  are  no  restrictions  in  place  concerning  the  transfer  of  issued  securities  constituting  the  registered 
capital of the Company.  

No securities with special control rights have been issued by the Company.  

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OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (SEPARATE) 

Special  Employee  Partial  Ownership  Plan  Organization  No.  I.  of  OTP  Employees  and  Special  Employee 
Partial Ownership Plan Organization No. II. of OTP Employees (hereinafter referred to as: OTP SEPOPs) 
were established based on the decision of the Company’s certain employees and executives considered as 
employees pursuant to the Act XLIV of 1992 on Employee Partial Ownership Plan. Management rights of 
OTP SEPOPs are exercised by a trust named Alapítvány az OTP Munkavállalók Különleges Résztulajdonosi 
Programjáért, founded by the same employees setting up OTP SEPOPs. The Company did not participate 
either in foundation or in management of OTP SEPOPs. 

The Company in line with the ESOP Act initiated an employee share ownership plan having a remuneration 
purpose  and  founded  OTP  Bank  ESOP  Organization  for  its  execution  (hereinafter  referred  to  as  ESOP 
Organization). Pursuant to the laws, the management rights over the ESOP Organization are exercised by 
a law firm, the so called trustee. In the case of the ESOP Organization Szűcs Law Firm is entitled to exercise 
the  authorities  of  the  trustee.  The  Company  participated  in  the  foundation  of  the  ESOP  Organization, 
however,  after  its  foundation  it  cannot  participate  in  its  management,  and  according  to  the  laws,  it  is  not 
entitled to either give orders or to recall the trustee. 

Rules on the restrictions of the voting rights: 

The Company’s ordinary shares confer one vote per share. 

An individual shareholder or group of shareholders may not exercise voting rights in respect of in an extent 
exceeding  25%,  or  –  if  the  voting  rights  of  another  shareholder  or  group  of  shareholders  exceed  
10%  –  exceeding 33% of  the total voting rights represented by the shares conferring voting rights at the 
Company’s General Meeting. 

The  shareholder  is  obliged  to  notify  the  Company’s  Board  of  Directors  without  delay  if  the  shareholder 
directly or indirectly, or together with other shareholders in the same group of shareholders, holds more than 
2% of the voting rights represented by the shares conferring voting rights at the Company’s General Meeting . 
Concurrently with this, the shareholder is obliged to designate the shareholders through which the indirect 
voting right exists, or the members of the group of shareholders. In the event of a failure to provide such 
notification, or if there are substantive grounds for assuming that the shareholder has made a misleading 
declaration regarding the composition of the shareholder group, then the shareholder’s voting right shall be 
suspended and may not be exercised until the shareholder has met the above obli gations. The notification 
obligation  stipulated  in  this  paragraph  and  the  related  legal  consequences  are  also  incumbent  upon 
individuals who are classified or may be classified as the Company’s shareholders under Article 61 of the 
Capital Markets Act. The Company must also be provided with proof of the conditions for exemption from 
the notification obligation in accordance with Section 61 (7)-(8) and (11) and Section 61 (10),(11a) and(12), 
of the Capital Markets Act. 

Shareholder  group:  the  shareholder  and  another  shareholder,  in  which  the  former  has  either  a  direct  or 
indirect  shareholding  or  has  an  influence  without  a  shareholding  (collectively:  a  direct  and/or  indirect 
influence); furthermore: the shareholder and another shareholder who is exercising or is  willing to exercise 
its voting rights together with the former shareholder, regardless of what type of agreement between the 
participants underlies such concerted exercising of rights. 

For  determining  the  existence  and  extent  of  the  indirect  holding,  the  rules  of  the  Credit  Institutions  Act 
relating to the calculation of indirect ownership shall be applied.   

If the voting rights that may be exercised by a shareholder group exceed the threshold stipulated above, the 
voting  rights  shall  be  reduced  in  such  a  way  that  the  voting  rights  relating  to  the  shares  most  recently 
acquired by the group of shareholders shall not be exercisable. 

If  there  are  substantive  grounds  to  presume  that  the  exercising  of  voting  rights  by  any  shareholder  or 
shareholders might result in a breach of the rules of the Capital Markets Act relating to the acquisition of a 
controlling  interest,  the  Board  of  Directors’  authorised  representative  responsible  for  the  registration  of 
shareholders at the venue of the General Meeting, or the Chairman of the General Meeting, may exclude 
the affected shareholders from attending the General Meeting or exercising voting rights. 

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The General Meeting has exclusive authority with respect to the following matters:  

•  changes to the rights associated with specific series of shares, or the transformation of certain 

• 

categories or classes of shares; (qualified majority) 
the decision regarding the delisting of the shares (qualified majority). When making the decisions, 
shares embodying multiple voting rights shall represent one share. 

The Company is not aware of any kind of agreements among the owners that could give rise to the restriction 
of the transfer of issued securities and/or the voting rights.  

Rules  on  the  appointment  and  removal  of  executive  officers,  and  rules  on  amendment  o f  the  Articles  of 
Association: 

The Board of Directors has at least 5, and up to 11 members. 

When  making  the  decisions,  shares  embodying  multiple  voting  rights  shall  represent  one  share.  The 
members of the Board of Directors are elected by the General Meeting based on its decision uniformly either 
for  an  indefinite  period  or  for  five  years;  in  the  latter  case  the  mandate  ends  with  the  General  Meeting 
concluding the fifth financial year following the election. The mandate of a member elected during this perio d 
expires together with the mandate of the Board of Directors.  

The Board of Directors elects a Chairman and may elect one or more Deputy Chairmen, from among its own 
members, whose period of office shall be equal to the mandate of the Board of Directors.  The Chairman of 
the Board of Directors is also the Chief Executive Officer (Chairman & CEO) of the Company, unless the 
Board of Directors decides within its competence that the position of Chairman of the Board of Directors and 
the Chief Executive Officer of the Company are held by separate persons. 

The membership of the Board of Directors ceases to exist by 

a.  expiry of the mandate, 
b. 
resignation, 
recall, 
c. 
d.  death, 
e. 
f. 

the occurrence of grounds for disqualification as regulated by law. 
termination of the employment of internal (executive) Board members.  

The General Meeting has exclusive authority with respect to the following matters:  

• 

the recall of members of the Board of Directors, the Supervisory Board and Audit Committee, and of 
the auditor; (qualified majority) 

More than one third of the members of the Board of Directors and the non-executive members of the 
Supervisory Board may be recalled within a 12-month period only if any shareholder holds more than 
33% of the shares issued by the Company, which have been obtained by the shareholder by way of 
a public purchase offer. 

•  except in the cases referred by these Articles of Association to the authority of the Board of Directors, 
the establishment and amendment of the Articles of Association; (qualified majority); the General 
Meeting decides on proposals concerning the amendment of the Articles of Association – based on a 
resolution passed by shareholders with a simple majority – either individually or en masse. 

The Board of Directors is obliged to 

•  prepare the Company’s financial statements in accordance with the Accounting Act, and make a 

proposal for the use of the profit after taxation; 

•  prepare a report once a year for the General Meeting, and once every three months for the 

Supervisory Board, concerning management, the status of the Company’s assets and business policy; 

•  provide for the proper keeping of the Company's business books; 
•  perform the tasks referred to its authority under the Credit Institutions Act, in particular: 

-  ensuring the integrity of the accounting and financial reporting system; 
-  elaborating the appropriate strategy and determining risk tolerance levels for each business unit 

concerned; 

-  setting risk assumption limits; 
-  providing the necessary resources for the management or risk, the valuation of assets, the use of 

external credit ratings and the application of internal models. 

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The following, in particular, come under the exclusive authority of the Board of Directors:  

•  election of the Chairman & Chief Executive Officer of the Company, and exercising employer’s right in 

respect thereof; 

•  election of one or more Deputy Chairmen of the Board of Directors; 
•  determination of the annual plan; 
• 

the analysis and assessment of the implementation of business-policy guidelines, on the basis of the 
Company’s quarterly balance sheet; 

•  decisions on transactions referred to the authority of the Board of Directors by the Company's 

organisational and operational regulations; 

•  decision on launching, suspending, or terminating the performance of certain banking activities within 

the scope of the licensed activities of the Company; 

•  designation of the employees entitled to sign on behalf of the Company;  
•  decision on the increasing of registered capital at the terms set out in the relevant resolution of the 

General Meeting; 

•  decision to acquire treasury shares at the terms set out in the relevant resolution of the General 

Meeting; 

•  decision on approving internal loans in accordance with the Credit Institutions Act; 
•  decision on the approval of regulations that fundamentally determine banking operations, or are 

referred to its authority by the Credit Institutions Act. The following shall qualify as such regulations: 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

the collateral evaluation regulations, 
the risk-assumption regulations, 
the customer rating regulations, 
the counterparty rating regulations, 
the investment regulations, 
the regulations on asset classification, impairment and provisioning,  
the organisational and operational regulations, which contain the regulations on the procedure for 
assessing requests related to large loans, 
the regulations on the transfer of signatory rights; 

- 
the decision on approving the Rules of Procedure of the Board of Directors; 

• 
•  decision on steps to hinder a public takeover procedure; 
•  decision on the acceptance of a public purchase offer received in respect of treasury shares; 
•  decision on the commencement of trading in the shares in a regulated market (flotation); 
•  decision on the cessation of trading in the shares in a given regulated market, provided that the shares 

are traded in another regulated market (hereinafter: transfer). 

The Board of Directors is exclusively authorised to: 

•  decide, in the cases specified in the Civil Code, on acceptance of the Company’s interim balance 

sheet, subject to the prior approval of the Supervisory Board; 

•  decide, instead of the General Meeting, to pay an advance on dividends, subject to the preliminary 

approval of the Supervisory Board; 

•  make decisions regarding any change in the Company’s name, registered office, permanent 

establishments and branches, and in the Company’s activities – with the exception of its core activity – 
and, in relation to this, to modify the Articles of Association should it become necessary to do so on 
the basis of the Civil Code or the Articles of Association; 

•  make decision on mergers (if, according to the provisions of the law on the transformation, merger and 
demerger of legal entities, the approval of the General Meeting is not required in order for the merger 
to take place). 

The Board of Directors directly exercises employer's rights in respect of the Chairman & CEO. The person 
affected by a decision may not participate in the decision making. Employer rights in respect of the executive 
directors of the Company are exercised by the Board of Directors through  the Chairman & CEO, with the 
proviso  that  the  Board  of  Directors  must  be  notified  in  advance  of  the  appointment  and  dismissal  of  the 
Deputy CEOs. With regard to issues related to the exercising of employer's rights in respect of employees, 
the Company is represented by the Chief Executive Officer and by the senior company employees defined 
in the Organisational  and  Operational Regulations of the Company, in accordance with the delegation of 
authority approved by the Board of Directors. If the Chairman of the Board of Directors and the CEO are 
different  persons,  the  employer  rights  in  respect  of  the  other  executive  directors  of  the  Company  (CEO, 

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deputy CEOs) are exercised by the Board of Directors through the Chairman of Board of Directors, with the 
proviso that the Board of Directors shall be notified in advance of the appointment and dismissal of the CEO 
and  Deputy  CEOs.  With  regard  to  issues  related  to  the  exercising  of  employer's  rights  in  respect  of 
employees,  the  Company  is  represented  by  the  persons  defined  in  the  Organisational  and  Operational 
Regulations  of  the  Company,  in  accordance  with  the  delegation  of  authority  approved  by  the  Board  of 
Directors. 

The Board of Directors may delegate, to individual members of the Board of Directors, to executive dir ectors 
employed by the Company, and to the heads of the individual service departments, any task that does not 
come under the exclusive authority of the Board of Directors in accordance with these Articles of Association 
or a General Meeting resolution. 

The  Company  may  acquire  treasury  shares  in  accordance  with  the  rules  of  the  Civil  Code.  The  prior 
authorisation of the General Meeting is not required for the acquisition of treasury shares if the acquisition 
of  the  shares  is  necessary  in  order  to  prevent  a  direct  threat  of  severe  damage  to  the  Company  (this 
provision is not applicable in the event of a public purchase offer aimed at buying up the Company’s shares), 
as well as if the Company acquires the treasury shares in the context of a judicial procedure  aimed at the 
settlement of a claim to which the Company is entitled, or in the course of a transformation.  

The  Company  has  not  made  agreements  in  the  meaning  of  points  (j)  and  (k)  in  paragraph  95/A  of   
Act No. C of 2000 on Accounting. 

Ownership structure of OTP Bank Plc. 

Description of owner 

Domestic institution/company 
Foreign institution/company 
Domestic individual 
Foreign individual 
Employees, senior officers 
Treasury shares2 
Government held owner 
International Development Institutions 
Other3 
TOTAL 

1 January 2023 

31 December 2023 

Total equity 

Ownership 
share 
31.80% 
50.05% 
16.91% 
0.52% 
0.55% 
0.13% 
0.05% 
0.00% 
0.00% 
100.00% 

Voting 
rights1 

31.84% 
50.11% 
16.93% 
0.52% 
0.55% 
0.00% 
0.05% 
0.00% 
0.00% 
100.00% 

Quantity 

89,040,716 
140,129,576 
47,338,305 
1,464,494 
1,526,762 
354,144 
139,946 
3,183 
2,884 
280,000,010 

Ownership 
share  

Voting 
rights 1 

31.40% 
54.43% 
12.93% 
0.48% 
0.48% 
0.20% 
0.05% 
0.01% 
0.01% 
100.00% 

31.46% 
54.54% 
12.96% 
0.48% 
0.48% 
0.00% 
0.05% 
0.01% 
0.01% 
100.00% 

Quantity 

87,914,205 
152,405,042 
36,217,730 
1,349,320 
1,338,715 
572,746 
139,036 
28,603 
34,613 
280,000,010 

1 Voting rights in the General Meeting of the Issuer for participation in decision-making.  
2 Treasury shares do not include the OTP shares held by ESOP (OTP Bank Employee Stock Ownership Plan Organization). Pursuant to Act V of 2013 on 
the Civil  Code, OTP shares  held by the  ESOP  are  not classified as treasury shares,  but the ESOP must  be  consolidated in  accordance with  IFRS  10 
Consolidated Financial Statements standard. On 31 December 2023 ESOP owned 12,095,524 OTP shares. 

3 Non-identified shareholders according to the shareholders’ registry. 

Number of treasury shares held in the year under review (2023) 

OTP Bank  
Subsidiaries 
TOTAL 

1 January 
354,144 
0 
354,144 

31 March 
1,107,117 
0 
1,107,117 

30 June 
585,596 
0 
585,596 

30 September 
602,180 
0 
602,180 

31 December 
572,746 
0 
572,746 

Shareholders with over/around 5% stake as at 31 December 2023 

Name 

Nationality1  Activity2 

MOL (Hungarian Oil and Gas Company Plc.)  
Groupama Group 

Groupama Gan Vie SA 
Groupama Biztosító Ltd, 

D 
F/D 
F 
D 

C 
C 
C 
C 

Number of 
shares  
24,000,000 
14,256,813 
14,140,000 
116.813 

Ownership3 

8.57% 
5.09% 
5.05% 
0.04% 

Voting 
rights3,4 
8.59% 
5.10% 
5.06% 
0.04% 

Notes5 

1 Domestic (D), Foreign (F). 
2 Custodian (CU), Public Institution (PU), International Development Institutions (ID), Institutional (I), Company (C), Private (PR), Employee or senior officer 

(E). 

3 Rounded to two decimals. 
4 Voting rights in the General Meeting of the Issuer for participation in decision-making. 
5 Eg, professional investor, financial investor, etc. 

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Senior officers, strategic employees and their shareholding of OTP shares as at 31 December 2023 

Type1 

Name 

Position 

IG 
IG 
IG 
IG 
IG 
IG 
IG 
IG 
IG 
IG 
IG 
FB 
FB 
FB 
FB 
FB 
FB 
SP 
SP 
SP 
SP 
SP 

dr. Sándor Csányi 2 
Chairman and CEO 
Deputy Chairman 
Tamás Erdei  
member 
Gabriella Balogh 
member 
Mihály Baumstark 
member, Deputy CEO 
Péter Csányi 
member 
dr. István Gresa 
Antal Kovács3 
member 
György Nagy4 
member 
dr. Márton Gellért Vági  member 
member 
dr. József Vörös 
member, Deputy CEO 
László Wolf 
Chairman 
Tibor Tolnay 
Deputy Chairman 
dr. Gábor Horváth 
member 
Klára Bella 
member 
dr. Tamás Gudra 
member 
András Michnai 
member 
Olivier Péqueux 
Deputy CEO 
András Becsei 
Deputy CEO 
László Bencsik 
Deputy CEO 
György Kiss-Haypál 
MC member 
Imre Bertalan 
MC member 
Dr. Bálint Csere 

TOTAL No. of shares held by management 

Commencement 
date of the term 
15/05/1992 
27/04/2012 
16/04/2021 
29/04/1999 
16/04/2021 
27/04/2012 
15/04/2016 
16/04/2021 
16/04/2021 
15/05/1992 
15/04/2016 
15/05/1992 
19/05/1995 
12/04/2019 
16/04/2021 
25/04/2008 
13/04/2018 

Expiration/termination 
of the term 
2026 
2026 
2026 
2026 
2026 
2026 
2026 
2026 
2026 
2026 
2026 
2026 
2026 
2026 
2026 
2026 
2026 

Number of 
shares 

12,000 
53,885 
17,793 
59,200 
25,939 
192,458 
126,584 
44,400 
15,800 
196,314 
544,502 
54 
0 
0 
0 
1,410 
0 
7,199 
15,462 
15,160 
0 
10,555 
1,338,715 

1 Board Member (IG), Supervisory Board Member (FB), Employee in strategic position (SP) 
2 Number of OTP shares owned by Dr. Sándor Csányi, Chairman and CEO, directly or indirectly: 4,712,949. 
3 Number of OTP shares owned by Antal Kovács, Member of Board of Directors, directly or indirectly: 130,884. 
4 Number of OTP shares owned by György Nagy, Member of Board of Directors, directly or indirectly: 1,068,855. 

Committees1 
Members of the Board of Directors 
Dr. Sándor Csányi – Chairman 
Mr. Tamás Erdei – Deputy Chairman 
Ms. Gabriella Balogh 
Mr. Mihály Baumstark 
Mr. Péter Csányi 
Dr. István Gresa 
Mr. Antal Kovács 
Mr. György Nagy 
Dr. Márton Gellért Vági 
Dr. József Vörös 
Mr. László Wolf 

Members of the Supervisory Board 
Mr. Tibor Tolnay – Chairman 
Dr. József Gábor Horváth – Deputy Chairman 
Ms. Klára Bella 
Dr. Tamás Gudra 
Mr. András Michnai 
Mr. Olivier Péqueux 

Members of the Audit Committee 
Dr. József Gábor Horváth – Chairman 
Mr. Tibor Tolnay – Deputy Chairman 
Dr. Tamás Gudra 
Mr. Olivier Péqueux 

The résumés of the committee and board members are available in the Corporate Governance Report/Annual 
Report. 

1 Personal changes can be found in the „Personal and organizational changes” chapter.  

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Personal and organizational changes  

As of 1 January 2023, Mr. Antal György Kovács was replaced by Mr. András Becsei as Deputy CEO of the 
Retail Division. Mr. Antal György Kovács retained his employment status, thus his position as Deputy CEO until 
the Annual General Meeting closing the financial year 2022, during which time he was mainly be responsible 
for group governance. 

On  28  April  2023,  concerning  the  audit  of  OTP  Bank  Plc.’s  separate  and  consolidated  annual  financial 
statements  in  accordance  with  International  Financial  Reporting  Standards  for  the  year  2023,  the  Annual 
General Meeting elected Ernst & Young Ltd. (001165, H-1132 Budapest, Váci út 20.) as the Company’s auditor 
from 1 May 2023 until 30 April 2024. 

On 28 April 2023 the Annual General Meeting elected Mr. Antal György Kovács as member of the Board of 
Directors of the Company until the Annual General Meeting of the Company closing the 2025 business year, 
but not later than 30 April 2026. 

On 28 April 2023 the Annual General Meeting elected  
Mr. Tibor Tolnay 
Dr. József Gábor Horváth 
Dr. Tamás Gudra 
Mr. Olivier Péqueux 
Mrs. Klára Bella 
Mr. András Michnai  
as member of the Supervisory Board of the Company until the Annual General Meeting of the Company closing 
the 2025 business year, but not later than 30 April 2026. 

On 28 April 2023 the Annual General Meeting elected  
Mr. Tibor Tolnay 
Dr. József Gábor Horváth 
Dr. Tamás Gudra 
Mr. Olivier Péqueux 
as member of the Audit Committee of the Company until the Annual General Meeting of the Company closing 
the 2025 business year, but not later than 30 April 2026. 

Operation of the executive boards 

OTP Bank Plc. has a dual governance structure, in which the Board of Directors is the Company’s executive 
management  body  in  its  managerial  function,  while  the  Supervisory  Board  is  the  management  body  in  its 
supervisory function of the Company. It controls the supervision of the lawfulness of the Company’s operation, 
its  business  practices  and  management,  performs  oversight  tasks  and  accepts  the  provisions  of  the  Bank 
Group's  Remuneration  Policy.  The  effective  operation  of  Supervisory  Board  is  supported  by  the  Audit 
Committee, as a committee, which also monitors the internal audit, the risk management, the reporting systems 
and the activities of the auditor. 

In order to assist the performance of the governance functions the Board of Directors founded and operates, 
as permanent or other committees, such as the Management Committee, the Executive Steering Committee, 
the Remuneration Committee, the Nomination Committee and the Risk Assumption and Risk Management 
Committee.  

To ensure effective operation OTP Bank Plc. also has a number of further permanent committees.  

OTP Bank Plc. gives an account of the activities of the executive boards and the committees every year in its 
Corporate Governance Report. 

The  Board  of  Directors  held  6,  the  Supervisory  Board  held  7  meetings,  while  the  Audit  Committee  held  3 
meetings in 2023. In addition, resolutions were passed by the Board of Directors on 155, by the Supervisory 
Board on 87 and by the Audit Committee on 29 occasions by written vote. 

Policy of diversity 

OTP Bank Plc. determines and regulates the criteria for the selection of senior executives in line with European 
Union as well as domestic legal requirements and directives fundamentally determining the operation of credit 
institutions.  

When designating members of the management bodies (Board of Directors, Supervisory Board) as well as 
appointing members of the Board  of Directors and  administrative members (Management), OTP  Bank Plc. 
considers  the  existence  of  professional  preparation,  the  high-level  human  and  leadership  competence,  the 
versatile educational background, the widespread business experience and business reputation of the utmost 

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importance, at the same time, it is also highly committed to taking efficient measures in order to ensure diversity 
with regard to corporate operation, including the gradual improvement in women’s participation rate.  

OTP  Bank  Plc.’s  Nomination  Committee  continuously  keeps  tracking  the  European  Union  and  domestic 
legislation  relating  to  women’s  quota  on  its  agenda,  in  that  when  unambiguously  worded  expectations  are 
announced, it promptly takes the necessary measures. In accordance with OTP Bank Plc.’s currently approved 
strategy, the goal is to have at least one female member in both the Bord of Directors and the Supervisory 
Board. 

It  is  important  to  note,  however,  that,  as  a  public  limited  company,  the  selection  of  the  members  of  the 
management bodies falls within the exclusive competence of the General Meeting upon which  – beyond its 
capacity to designate enforcing the above aspects to maximum effect – OTP Bank Plc. has no substantive 
influence.  

According to OTP Bank Plc.’s Articles of Association, a Board of Directors comprising 5-11 members and a 
Supervisory  Board  comprising  5-9  members  are  set  up  at  OTP  Bank  Plc.  Currently  the  Board  of  Directors 
operates with 11 members and has one female member, the Supervisory Board comprises 6 members and 
has one female  member.  The  management  of OTP  Bank Plc. currently comprises 6  members and has no 
female member. 

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NON-FINANCIAL STATEMENT – OTP BANK PLC. (SEPARATE) 

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY, ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECTS 

The operational functioning of OTP Group and OTP Bank requires the use of natural resources and energy, 
however, the resulting environmental impact is significantly lesser than the indirect impacts associated with 
the provision of financial services. Of the operational impacts, OTP Group considers greenhouse gas (GHG) 
emissions to be the most significant, but we are also working on reducing our impacts beyond this. Emissions 
exacerbate climate change and damage natural resources. Reducing emissions helps fi ght climate change. 
However,  the  practices  of  the  Bank  also  have  an  awareness  raising  impact  in  the  field  of  environmental 
protection and the enforcement of environmental awareness in its operations is a key element of the regional 
leading role undertaken by OTP Group in relation to green transition.  

In  the  context  of  the  provision  of  financial  services,  environmental  risks  are  managed  and  business 
opportunities related to environmental protection are exploited within the ESG strategy and are not covered 
in this chapter.  

In 2023, OTP Group again participated in the CDP's environmental disclosure scheme, maintaining its "B" 
rating achieved in the previous year.  

OTP Bank mitigates environmental impacts through the following activities:   

•  Efficient use of resources  
•  Carbon-neutral operation 
•  Energy efficiency investment projects 
•  Purchase of green electricity, use of renewable energy sources  
•  Reducing paper use through digitalisation; using recycled paper  
•  Rationalising business travel 
• 
•  Transparent reporting on the environmental impacts of operation  
•  Awareness-raising activities for employees and customers 

Improving waste management  

OTP Bank members operate in maximum compliance with environmental  legislation and no related fines 
were imposed in 2023 either. Environmental protection at the Bank is governed by an Environmental Policy. 
OTP Bank prepares annual internal reports on the environmental impact of its operation, for approval by the 
manager in charge of this function. To enhance knowledge relati ng to the performance of work, along with 
general  knowledge,  every  OTP  Bank  employee  is  provided  with  environmental  training  once  every  two 
years. 

Energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions 

OTP Bank's ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) strategy targets full carbon neutrality by 2030 for Scope 
1-2 emissions and net carbon neutrality from 2022. The net carbon neutrality target has been met in 2023. 

Electricity accounts for approximately half of total energy consumption, and thus the Bank's continued use of 
predominantly green electricity in 2023 is significantly reducing carbon emissions2.  

OTP Bank's total energy consumption decreased by almost 10 percent compared to 2022, largely due to 
the  use  of  heating  fuels.  In  addition  to  the  mild  winter,  the  Bank  has  introduced  a  number  of  savings 
measures that have significantly reduced consumption, such as turning down temperatures and the use of 
time-programmable control during periods of non-use. 

2In the case of leased premises, the purchase of green electricity cannot be fully implemented.  

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Energy consumption within the organisation (GJ) – OTP Bank 

Total non-renewable fuel sources 
Total renewable fuel sources 
Total indirect energy purchased (including renewables) 
Self-generated renewable energy 
Total energy consumption2 
Total energy consumption per employee3 
Share of renewable energy 

2019 
97,579 
0 
151,026 
2,005 
250,610 
28.14 
N/A 

2020¹ 
93,423 
1,360 
151,781 
5,166 
251,730 
26.75 
N/A 

2021 
103,545 
2,247 
152,082 
5,141 
263,014 
26.73 
N/A 

2022 
100,691 
2,615 
161,575 
4,053 
268,934 
26.17 
N/A 

2023 
90,030 
2,821 
151,392 
1,312 
245,555 
23.19 
54% 

¹ Also includes the consumption of the former Monicomp and eBIZ.  
2 Deviates slightly from the figures in the Annual Report up to 2021 as the finalised consumption data were received at a later  date. 
3 In 2019 based on statistical headcount, from 2020 based on average full -time staff numbers. 

The energy consumption data are derived from metering; solar energy and part of the heat pump energy is estimated based on manufacturer information 
in  the  absence  of  a  meter.  Where  necessary,  we  used  the  calorific  values  taken  from  the  National  Inventory  Report  (NIR)  from  2022  onwards,  and 
previously the EU regulation and DEFRA values, to convert the consumed quantities into energy.  

Direct (Scope 1) 
Indirect (Scope 2) 
Indirect location-based 
Indirect market-based 
Total (Scope 1 + 2) location-based 
Total (Scope 1 + 2) market-based 
Total (Scope 1 + 2) with carbon offset 
Per employee (market-based) 
Per employee (with offset) 

OTP Bank’s Scope 1 and Scope 2 CO2e emissions (t) 
20201 
6,078 

2019 
6,779 

10,786 
8,640 
17,565 
15,419 
15,419 
N/A 
N/A 

9,883 
8,350 
15,961 
14,428 
14,428 
1.53 
1.53 

2021 
6,548 

9,904 
8,369 
16,452 
14,917 
14,917 
1.52 
1.52 

2022 
6,670 

11,496 
1,005 
18,165 
7,675 
675 
0.75 
0.07 

2023 
6,005 

11,648 
1,110 
17,653 
7,115 
- 485 
0.67 
-0.05 

1 Also includes the consumption of the former Monicomp and eBIZ.  

The  figures  shown  are  calculated  from  energy  consumption,  in  all  cases  based  on  the  applicable  statutory  regulations  and  the  factors  stipulated  by 
authorities and industry organisations (National Inventory Reports (NIR), IPCC, DEFRA, EU Regulation, AIB, IF I, and data from suppliers for electricity 
and  district  heating).  For  Scope  1  emissions,  country-specific  factors  are  applied  subject  to  availability  from  2022.  We  calculate  electricity -related 
emissions using country-specific factors. For district heating use, from 2020 onwards we use the Hungarian, Slovenian and Croatian factors, and for all 
other countries, we uniformly use the data published by DEFRA, while in previous years we used the Hungarian emission factors , except for Ukraine, 
Russia and Serbia, in the absence of other reliable data.  
Scope 1 emissions and, in 2022 and 2023, even district heating cover all GHG emissions. For Scope 2 emissions, the previous y ears of district heating 
in Hungary and electricity factors only cover CO 2. For the emission factors used, we do not have information on the GWP values considered in each and 
every case.  

In addition, the fact that OTP Bank continuously carries out renovations and modernisations at both its central 
buildings  and  in  its  branch  network  reduces  consumption,  and  improving  energy  efficiency  is  an  important 
aspect of investment projects. In 2023, the modernisation of heating systems, the widest possible use of LED 
lighting  and  the  installation  of  additional  motion  sensors  were  again  the  most  common  types  of  energy 
efficiency investments. 

The rate of business travel has increased at the parent bank. The total kilometres travelled increased at the 
parent  bank  by  9  percent  compared  to  the  previous  year,  with  air  travel  also  rising.  While  online  meetings 
remain  a  dominant  part  of  liaising,  with  the  end  of  the  coronavirus  pandemic,  face-to-face  meetings  have 
become more frequent again, and business needs have influenced the amount of travel. 

To  offset  its  2023  Scope  1  and  Scope  2  emissions,  OTP  Bank  purchased  carbon  credits  in  2023,  thereby 
preventing the emission of 7,600 tonnes of carbon emissions during the year. The 2023 emission values were 
determined in advance, with offsets higher than emissions. The credits purchased are retired credits verified 
as per Verra (VER). The Bank considers it essential that the project supported through offsetting is located in 
the  country  of  operation  of  the  Banking  Group,  and  has  again  opted  for  a  project  in  Bulgaria,  which  was 
implemented at the Saint Nikola Wind Farm, the largest wind farm in the country, near the town of Kavarna.  

Paper use and waste management 

The steadily increasing range of electronically available services also reduces paper consumption. In addition, 
the digitalisation of the bank's internal processes is ongoing. At the same time, the paper-based administration 
demanded  by legal requirements  inhibits  in  many cases the further reduction of  printing in Hungary  and in 
other countries. 

The share of electronic account statements also showed an increasing trend in 2023. Their use is continuously 
encouraged by the Bank. The majority of OTP Bank customers (83 percent of retail clients and almost half of 
large corporate customers) do not receive paper-based statements, which is a noticeable increase over the 
previous year.  

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

25 

  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (SEPARATE) 

Data on materials used and purchases made by OTP Bank  

Number of computers (laptops + PCs) 
Weight of ink cartridges and toners used 
Amount of office paper 
Amount of paper used for document sorting and packaging 
Amount of indirectly used paper 1 

(thousand units) 
(t) 
(t) 
(t) 
(t) 

2019 
18 
8 
699 
58 
7 

2020 
19 
6 
478 
75 
5,8452 

2021 
19 
4 
398 
90 
491 

2022 
19 
5 
397 
98 
558 

2023 
18 
4 
354 
26 
313 

1 E.g. marketing brochures, invoice sheets  
2 Mainly consumption of former Monicomp. 

At OTP Bank, we were able to reduce paper consumption by 11 percent. The parent bank used 47 percent 
recycled paper in office paper use and 31 percent in total paper use. In Hungary, we use FSC-certified paper 
even in the case of account statements, marketing publications and envelopes, while we use recycled FSC 
paper for producing DM letters. All personal hygiene products used at OTP Bank are exclusively ECO Label 
products.  

Awareness-raising 

The  members of the Banking Group have launched numerous programmes,  awareness-raising campaigns 
and involved employees to promote environmental awareness and the protection of natural values. To enhance 
knowledge relating to the performance of work, along with general knowledge, every OTP Bank employee is 
provided with environmental training once every two years. 

Green Challenge idea contest 

OTP Bank has launched the Green Challenge idea contest among its employees. To introduce the contest, 
the Bank started a series of six articles on sustainability, concluding with a series of quizzes. Employees who 
answered the questions the fastest received special prizes from OTP.  

For the idea contest, OTP Bank was looking for applications that support the reduction of the Bank's carbon 
footprint and can be easily implemented in everyday practice. The challenge proved to be very popular with 
136 ideas submitted. The implementation of several of these has already started and four other winning ideas 
are also to be realised down the line: 

•  Establishment of MOL-Bubi stations around OTP offices, 
•  Green Plate Programme to promote more sustainable dietary habits,  
• 
• 

the digitalisation of business travel settlements,  
special prize for the idea with the greatest impact: minimising standby power consumption.  

As a result of the popularity of the competition, we will be launching a permanent sustainability idea box starting 
from 2024. 

OTP  Bank  was  also  one  of  the  partners  of  the  Green  Friday  initiative,  launched  jointly  by  MasterCard  and 
several organisations to raise awareness about conscious spending and lifestyle. Throughout the programme, 
dedicated  microsites  and  social  media  platforms  featured  awareness-raising  articles  and  tips  to  promote  a 
greener Christmas.  

The disclosure obligation of the green asset ratio („GAR”) required by the European Council and Parliament 
Regulation (EU) 2020/852 of June 18, 2020 (Taxonomy Regulation) is fulfilled by the Bank in the Non-Financial 
Statement section of the consolidated Business Report. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

26 

  
  
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (SEPARATE) 

Fight against corruption and against the practice of bribery 

The Code of Ethics (https://www.otpbank.hu/static/portal/sw/file/OTP_EtikaiKodex_EN.pdf) , the Partner Code 
of Ethics (https://www.otpbank.hu/static/portal/sw/file/OTP_Partneri_EtikaiKodex_EN.pdf) publish in 2023 and 
the Anti-Corruption Policy of OTP Bank Group contains provisions on the fight against corruption and against 
the  practice  of  bribery,  also  on  the  acceptance  of  individual  differences  and  the  denial  of  discrimination 
(https://www.otpbank.hu/portal/en/EthicalDeclaration, Anti_Corruption_Policy.pdf (otpbank.hu)). As it can be 
read in the foreword of the Code and the Anti-Corruption Policy as well, the OTP Bank Plc. and its management 
have adopted the principle of zero tolerance towards corruption and bribery, taking a definite stance against 
all forms of corruption and giving full support to the fight against corruption. In addition, the Code states that 
"As  an  ethical  and  compliant  institution,  the  Bank  and  its  management  are  fully  committed  to  ensuring 
observance of all relevant legislation, including anti-corruption statutes." 

The OTP Bank Plc. has set up an ethics reporting system (whistleblowing), which is for the reporting and the 
handling of the reports on suspected or actual violation of the values set forth in the Code of Ethics, where 
anonymous reporting of ethics issues is also possible. The OTP Bank Plc. conducts inquiries for the purpose 
of detecting, preventing anomalies in connection with reports made or anomalies it became aware of otherwise. 

Through the OTP Bank Plc.'s ethics reporting system a total of 93 reports were received in 2023. In 29 of these 
reports,  we  deemed  it  necessary  to  conduct  an  ethical  procedure  and  8  case’s  investigation  resulted  in 
declaring ethics offense. 

The OTP Bank Plc. has created and maintains its Code of Ethics to keep reputational risk and financial losses, 
which may incur in relation to corruption, bribery and discrimination, on a minimum level. Both employees and 
newcomers receive education on the Code of Ethics, and in addition, the acceptance to be bound by it is a 
prerequisite for their employment. 

In  addition,  all  business  partners  and  clients  are  communicated  about  the  Anti-Corruption  Policy  and 
procedures through the Code of Ethics and Anti-Corruption Policy published publicly on the OTP Bank Plc.'s 
website and from 2023 the Partner Code of Ethics has been published on the Bank’s website as well. The 
Anti-Corruption  Policy  stipulates  that,  in  view  of  the  fact  that  existing  and  established  relationships  with 
contractual partners also contain the possibility of corruption, the OTP Bank Plc. will act prudently in its dealings 
with contractors, in particular in the tendering and preparation process, to minimise the risk of corruption. The 
OTP  Bank  Plc.  establishes  relationships  with  its  contractual  partners  based  on  an  assessment  of 
professionalism,  competence  and  competitiveness,  and  does  not  apply  other  non-professional  selection 
criteria that contain the possibility of corruption. 

Based  on  the  Compliance’s  proposal,  the  prohibition  of  corruption  will  be  reflected  in  the  contractual  and 
regulatory documents used by the OTP Bank Plc. in a clearer and well-defined manner from 2023 onwards, 
through the inclusion of anti-corruption clauses in the business rules and standard contracts. The clause will 
state from the very beginning of the business relationship that the contracting partner accepts OTP Bank Plc.'s 
anti-corruption  principles,  including  the  prohibition  of  corruption  and  the  consequences  of  breaching  this 
prohibition, which can even be termination of contract. 

Any requests from third parties affecting human rights are treated by the OTP Bank Plc. as a priority. 

We manage the risks regarding the fight against corruption and bribery within the framework of our operational 
risk management process. Our quarterly compliance reports cover the changes in risks as well as the steps 
necessary steps to manage them. The reports are presented to the  Executive Steering Committee and the 
Board of Directors; the annual report is also submitted to the Supervisory Board. 

Short description of the business model of the company 

OTP Bank is the market leading credit institution in Hungary. As for its business model, the Bank offers high-
quality financial services to retail, private banking, micro and small business, medium and large corporate, as 
well as municipality clients through both its branch network and its steadily developing digital channels. The 
Bank provides comprehensive banking and other financial services to both retail and corporate customers: its 
activities include deposit collection from customers and raising money from the money and capital markets; 
on the asset side, OTP Bank offers mortgage loans, consumer credits, working capital and investment loans 
to  companies,  as  well  as  loans  to  municipalities,  whereas  its  liquidity  reserves  are  invested  in  money  and 
capital market instruments. Moreover, the Bank provides a wide range of state-of-the-art services, including 
wealth management, investment services, payment services, treasury and other services.  

In addition, OTP Bank's Hungarian subsidiaries deliver a wide range of further financial services. At the end of 
2023, OTP Bank and its Hungarian subsidiaries served more than 4.3 million clients in total. 

The Bank owns foreign subsidiaries in many countries of Central and Eastern Europe as well as in Uzbekistan 
through capital investments. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

27 

 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (SEPARATE) 

Non-financial performance indicators 

Internal audit: 207 closed audits, 1,385 recommendations, 1,383 accepted recommendations. 

• 
•  Compliance with Budapest Stock Exchange (BSE) Recommendations (yes/no ratio): 72 yes, 0 no. 
•  Compliance: 7 closed consumer protection related investigations by the Compliance. 
•  Bank security investigations, reports: we conducted a total of 3,356 bank security investigations and 

253 reports were made to the authorities, most of which were related to cases of fraud committed against 
customers.  
The expected damage value from the  detected crimes is about HUF 4.7 billion , which is much  higher 
than the loss realized last year, which was HUF 1 billion. The largest part of the loss occurred in the area 
of financial offences. 

With  regard  to  financial  offences,  a  downward  trend  can  be  observed  in  consumer  loans,  primarily  in 
connection with the offences of personal loans, which was about HUF 28 million, almost a fifth of the 
previous year's value. 

At the same time, the amount of damage caused by corporate credit fraud was HUF 4.6 billion, of which 
a significant part of the damage value – HUF 3 billion – was accounted for by one case. 

There was a drastic increase in the trend of online fraud targeting customers until July 2023, but due to 
the introduced measures, there was a continuous decrease in both the number of cases and the  amount 
of damage from September 2023. Compared to the losses in July, December's fell to about a third, but a 
significant  customer  loss  was  still  realized,  which  exceeded  HUF  10  billion  in  2023,  and  with  fraud 
prevention  operative  measures  and  monitoring  activities,  HUF  6.5  billion  of  customer  losses  were 
prevented. 

Compared to 2022, an increase can be observed in connection with bank card abuse, both in terms of 
the number of attempted abuses and the damage. In 2023, the value of successful bank card abus es 
exceeded  HUF  4.5  billion,  of  which  the  value  of  successful  transactions  with  cards  issued  by  OTP 
amounted to HUF 3.9 billion. 

As  a  result  of  the  preventive  security  measures  taken  by  the  bank,  the  value  of  fraudulent  bank  card 
transactions that failed in 2022 is HUF 10.2 billion. Of this, the value of abuses prevented in the case of 
cards issued by OTP is HUF 10.1 billion. 

The ratio of bank card abuse to turnover increased, in the case of OTP the ratio of bank card misuse to 
turnover  remained  lower  than  the  European  average  published  by  MasterCard  (OTP  Bank:  0.0203%, 
European average: 0.0400%). 

•  Ethics issues: 93 ethics reports, establishing ethics offense in 8 cases. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

28 

 
 
 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (SEPARATE) 

LIST OF NON-AUDIT SERVICES BY SERVICE CATEGORIES USED BY THE BANK  

The statutory audit of OTP Bank is carried out by Ernst and Young Ltd., in addition to which the following 
services were contracted: 

•  Assurance engagements other than audits or reviews of historical financial information (ISAE 3000) 
•  Engagements to review historical financial statements and interim financial statements (ISRE 2400, 

2410) 
Issue of Comfort letters 

• 
•  Engagements to perform agreed-upon procedures regarding financial information (AUP according to 

ISRS 4400) 

•  Consultation relating to interpretation and implementation of accounting standards and relating to 

accounting of potential future transaction 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

29 

 
 
 
 
 
BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

30 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS3 AND SHARE DATA 

Main components of the adjusted Statement of recognised income 

Consolidated profit after tax  

Adjustments (total) 
Consolidated adjusted profit after tax  

Pre-tax profit 

Operating profit 
Total income 

Net interest income 
Net fees and commissions 
Other net non-interest income 

Operating expenses 

Total risk costs 

Corporate taxes 

Main components of the adjusted balance sheet 
(closing balances) 

Total assets 
Total customer loans (net, FX adjusted) 

Total customer loans (gross, FX adjusted) 

Performing (Stage 1+2) customer loans (gross, FX-adjusted) 

Allowances for possible loan losses (FX adjusted) 

Total customer deposits (FX-adjusted) 
Issued securities 
Subordinated loans 
Total shareholders' equity 

Indicators based on adjusted earnings 

ROE (from profit after tax) 
ROE (from adjusted profit after tax) 
ROA (from adjusted profit after tax) 

Operating profit margin 
Total income margin 

Net interest margin  

Cost-to-asset ratio 
Cost/income ratio 

Provision for impairment on loan losses-to-average gross loans ratio 
Total risk cost-to-asset ratio 
Effective tax rate 

Net loan/(deposit+retail bond) ratio (FX-adjusted) 
Capital adequacy ratio (consolidated, IFRS) - Basel34 
Tier1 ratio - Basel3 
Common Equity Tier 1 ('CET1') ratio - Basel3 

Share Data 

EPS diluted (HUF) (from profit after tax) 
EPS diluted (HUF) (from adjusted profit after tax) 
Closing price (HUF) 
Highest closing price (HUF) 
Lowest closing price (HUF) 
Market Capitalization (EUR billion) 
Book Value Per Share (HUF) 
Tangible Book Value Per Share (HUF) 
Price/Book Value 
Price/Tangible Book Value 
P/E (trailing, from profit after tax) 
P/E (trailing, from adjusted profit after tax) 
Average daily turnover (EUR million) 
Average daily turnover (million share) 

2022 
HUF million 
347,081 
(245,466) 
592,547 
690,022 
868,487 
1,656,571 
1,093,579 
397,118 
165,874 
(788,084) 
(178,465) 
(97,475) 

2023 
HUF million 
990,459 
(18,123) 
1,008,583 
1,222,328 
1,260,850 
2,224,584 
1,459,694 
478,146 
286,745 
(963,734) 
(38,521) 
(213,746) 

2022 

2023 

32,804,210 
17,929,314 
18,858,498 
17,946,407 
(929,184) 
24,320,092 
870,682 
301,984 
3,322,312 
2022 
11.0% 
18.8% 
1.9% 
2.78% 
5.31% 
3.51% 
2.53% 
47.6% 
0.73% 
0.57% 
14.1% 
74% 
17.8% 
16.4% 
16.4% 
2022 
1,288 
2,204 
10,110 
18,600 
7,854 
7.1 
14,902 
14,290 
0.7 
0.7 
8.2 
4.8 
24 
0.8 

39,609,144 
21,447,380 
22,466,415 
21,496,534 
(1,019,035) 
29,428,284 
2,095,548 
562,396 
4,094,793 
2023 
27.2% 
27.7% 
2.7% 
3.39% 
5.99% 
3.93% 
2.59% 
43.3% 
0.16% 
0.10% 
17.5% 
72% 
18.9% 
16.6% 
16.6% 
2023 
3,693 
3,767 
15,800 
16,030 
9,482 
11.6 
15,294 
14,589 
1.0 
1.1 
4.5 
4.4 
15 
0.5 

Change 
% 
185 
(93) 
70 
77 
45 
34 
33 
20 
73 
22 
(78) 
119 

% 

21 
20 
19 
20 
10 
21 
141 
86 
23 
pps 
16.2 
9.0 
0.8 
0.61 
0.67 
0.42 
0.07 
(4.3) 
(0.56) 
(0.47) 
3.4 
(1) 
1.1 
0.2 
0.2 
% 
187 
71 
56 
(14) 
21 
63 
3 
2 
52 
53 
(45) 
(8) 
(37) 
(45) 

3 Structural adjustments made on consolidated IFRS profit and loss statement as well as balance sheet, together with the calculation methodology of 
adjusted indicators are detailed in the Supplementary data section. 
4 Starting from 2023 the consolidated capital adequacy ratios for the actual period and retrospectively for the bas e period are based on the prudential 
scope of consolidation, i.e. in line with Capital Requirements Regulation (CRR). For details, see the  Supplementary data section. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

31 

 
 
 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

ACTUAL CREDIT RATINGS 

S&P GLOBAL 
OTP Bank and OTP Mortgage Bank – FX long-term issuer credit rating 
OTP Bank – Dated subordinated FX debt 
MOODY'S 
OTP Bank – FX long term deposits 
OTP Bank – Dated subordinated FX debt 
OTP Mortgage Bank – Covered bonds 
SCOPE 
OTP Bank – Issuer rating 
OTP Bank – Dated subordinated FX debt 
LIANHE 
OTP Bank – Issuer rating (China national scale) 

ACTUAL ESG RATINGS 

BBB- 
BB 

Baa1 
Ba2 
A1 

BBB+ 
BB+ 

AAA 

AWARDS 

OTP Bank received six awards at the Global Finance magazine's Sustainable Finance Awards for 2024 competition. OTP 
Bank  was  chosen  as  the  winner  in  one  national,  and  four  regional  categories  („The  Best  bank  for  Sustainability 
Transparency,  for  Sustainable  Project  Finance,  for  Sustainable  Financing  in  Emerging  Markets  and  for  ESG-Related 
Loans”) and for the first time in the Bank's history in a global category. 

The local subsidiary of the OTP Group earned recognition as Bank of the Year in the framework of  The Bankers 2023 
"Bank of the Year Awards" in Albania, Croatia, Montenegro and Slovenia. 

RESULTS OF THE 2023 EBA STRESS TEST 

OTP Bank enjoyed high rankings in the EU-level stress test survey conducted by the European Banking Authority 
(EBA) in 2023, which involved 70 European banks.  

Fully loaded consolidated CET1 ratio and its decrease over the three-year period from 2022 to 2025 under the adverse 
scenario: 

CET1 rate  
end-2025 

Ranking 

CET1 rate  
decrease 

Ranking 

14.5% 

No 13 

-0.77pp 

No 4 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

32 

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
OTP BANK 

CORPORATE STRATEGY 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

OTP  Group  is  the  leading  universal  banking  group  in  Central  and  Eastern  Europe,  and  one  of  the  most 
successful financial institutions in Europe. 

OTP  Group’s  strategic  objective  is  to  meet  the  needs  and  expectations  of  its  customers,  investors,  and 
employees  at  the  highest  possible  level,  and  to  set  a  positive  example  from  environmental,  social  and 
corporate governance perspective even at international level. 

Our skilled and helpful staff, state-of-the-art IT solutions, and universal yet customisable product offering 
make us a trustworthy partner for customers in eleven countries of the Central and Eastern European region, 
and in Uzbekistan in Central Asia. The impressive performance of our employees and the value they create 
are important building blocks of OTP Group's results. We provide regular training courses to support our 
highly qualified professionals. OTP Group’s innovations also enhance our  competitiveness and contribute 
to further strengthening our international position. 

The pillars of our strategy are stability & sustainability, growth, innovation, and profitability.  

Stability & sustainability 

OTP Group’s excellent capital and liquidity position provide the fundamentals for stable operation and growth 
throughout economic cycles. In addition to full compliance with European and local regulations, we promote 
transparency and prudence, while laying great emphasis to maintaining stability at a ll times. 

OTP  Group  is  committed  to  enforcing  sustainability  principles  in  its  socio-economic  role  and  in  serving 
customers,  as  well  as  in  its  own  operations.  Accordingly,  OTP  Group  aims  to  be  the  regional  leader  in 
financing a fair and gradual transition  to a low-carbon economy and building a sustainable future through 
our responsible solutions. 

As  part  of  our  social  activities,  we  make  a  positive  impact  through  our  financial  awareness  raising  and 
donation  programmes,  and  extensive  civil  society  partnerships.  As  a  responsible  employer,  we  have 
designed complex programmes for employee well-being.  

Growth 

We believe in the future of the Central and Eastern European region and intend to actively contribute to its 
progress. Our products and services are designed to help the region grow faster than the EU average. We 
aim to increase our market share on all our CEE markets through organic growth and acquisitions.  

We  entered  Uzbekistan  in  2023  with  an  aim  of  capitalizing  on  growth  opportunities  while  becoming  the 
leading retail bank in this underpenetrated market, also supporting the development and transition of the 
local economy. 

Our acquisition strategy is based on creating shareholder value by achieving optimal scale of economics 
and leveraging OTP's expertise in the regional markets. We keep exploring new acquisition opportunities, 
primarily in the CEE region, and in other countries with high growth potential, too.  

Innovation 

To meet our customers' needs, we develop convenient and contemporary services that are easy and fast to 
access  anytime,  from  anywhere.  OTP  Bank's  innovations  are  popular  for  a  good  reason  –  millions  of 
customers use our products and services regularly. Digital developments contribute to enhancing customer 
experience  as  well  as  to  improving  the  efficiency  of  business  processes.  To  explore  new  directions  and 
opportunities, we have established our own futurology team, and are incorporating best practices. We have 
hundreds of developments underway. We are partnering with the region’s leading  fintech companies and 
have made considerable progress in building beyond-banking ecosystems, in addition to building our own 
successful fintech company. 

Profitability 

Profitability is crucial for maintaining stable operations, as well as for continuous dev elopment and renewal. 
Our  long-term  profitability  is  underpinned  by  the  revenue  margin  supported  by  excellent  customer 
experience and cost-efficient processes, along with geographical diversification, which has been increasing 
in  recent  years.  The  market  recognizes  our  success  in  creating  shareholder  value  through  favourable 
valuation compared to European and regional peers. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

33 

 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

MANAGEMENT’S ANALYSIS OF THE FULL-YEAR 2023 RESULTS OF OTP GROUP 

In  2023  the  operating  environment  in  Hungary  was  shaped  mainly  by  the  combined  impact  of  the  y-o-y 
declining GDP (-0.9%), the high underlying interest rate environment, as well as the government and central 
bank measures. On the positive side, from the second half of the year the declining CPI trend accelerated 
and made room for continuing central bank rate cuts. The base rate dropped to 10.75% by year-end, against 
18% O/N rate at the beginning of the year. The December CPI moderated to 5.5%, thus the annual inflation 
rate was 17.6%. The government tried to reinvigorate the benign lending activity through focused measures: 
voluntary rate caps by banks in new SME and mortgage loans, lower downpayment requirements in case of 
first  homes,  Family  Subsidy  Scheme  Plus,  subsidized  loan  schemes.  Furthermore,  the  government 
extended the interest rate cap on  certain SME and housing loan volumes until 1 April 2024 and 30 June, 
respectively.  

On the Group level, all countries enjoyed positivey-o-y GDP growth, and with inflation levels lower than in 
Hungary, the setback in lending activity was less material, in a couple of markets even significant volume 
increase occurred. This, and the 3% y-o-y loan growth in Hungary despite economic recession, brought the 
consolidated FX-adjusted organic performing loan volume growth to 6%, with the overall portfolio quality still 
demonstrating stable picture. 

It was positive that the consolidated NIM kept improving. The key liquidity ratios remained stable and deposit 
volumes grew at most Group members, thus the deposit book increased by 7% y -o-y (FX-adjusted). The 
CET1 ratio grew further to 16.6%. 

In 2023 two acquisitions were executed: in February the purchase of the Slove nian NKBM manifested the 
biggest  ever  M&A  transaction  by  OTP  Bank,  in  June  the  purchase  of  Ipoteka  Bank  in  Uzbekistan  was 
completed.  The  two  banks  contributed  11  and  6  months  earnings  to  the  consolidated  annual  profit, 
respectively. The transactions elevated to Group’s total asset base by around EUR 14 billion, as a result it 
exceeded EUR 100 billion by the end of 2023.  

Consolidated earnings: the annual net results reached HUF 990.5 billion; y-o-y improving NIM, stable 
credit  quality,  6%  and  7%  y-o-y  increase  in  organic  performing  loan  volumes  and  deposit  
(FX-adjusted), improving capital ratios 

The  consolidated  profit  after  tax  of  OTP  Group  rose  to  HUF  990.5  billion,  an  increase  of  almost  3  times  
y-o-y, as a result the annual ROE improved to 27.2% (+16.2 pps y-o-y).  

The balance of adjustment items showed -HUF 18 billion against -HUF 245 billion a year ago. Those items 
which were a drag on 2022 earnings and were related to the Russian-Ukrainian war practically disappeared 
or  dropped  substantially,  namely  goodwill  impairment  and  the  impairment  recognized  on  the  Russian 
government bonds, furthermore the balance of special taxes in Hungary also dropped by around 1/3 y -o-y. 
At the same time the negative impact of the interest rate caps stayed in place: besides Hungary, Serbia also 
introduced such measure. The single most important positive item was the badwill impact booked in relation 
to  the  Slovenian  and  Uzbek  acquisitions.  Accordingly,  in  2023  the  following  main  adjustment  items  were 
booked: 

•  +HUF 64.9 billion acquisition effects; 
• 
• 
•  +HUF 12.4 billlion other adjustment items. 

-HUF 62.6 billion Hungarian special banking taxes; 
-HUF 32.9 billion interest rate cap extension (in Hungary) or introduction ( in Serbia); 

The  cross-currency  rate  moves  distorted  the  earning  lines  mainly  in  case  of  the  Ukrainian  and  Russian 
operations: the average HUF rate against UAH and RUB appreciated by 16% and 26% y -o-y, respectively. 

With  the  exception  of  Ipoteka  Bank  all  Group  members  were  profitable  in  2023.  Most  of  the  subsidiaries 
demonstrated  material  profit  improvement  y-o-y,  the  Bulgarian  operation’s  adjusted  earnings  exceeded 
HUF 200 billion, while the pro forma Slovenian operation posted a profit after tax close to HUF 130 billion; 
the  combined  profit  incorporated  only  11  months  net  earnings  contribution  from  NKBM.  Ipoteka  Bank, 
Uzbekistan posted HUF 22 billion negative results in 2H 2023 mainly due to the significant amount of credit 
risk costs. 

The overall performance of OTP Group was shaped mainly by the y-o-y 45% increase in operating profit, 
but total risk costs also dropped by 78% y-o-y. Within the dynamic, y-o-y 34% increase of total income the 
net  interest  income  surged  by  33%,  whereas  net  fees  &  commissions  grew  by  lower  pace,  +20%  y-o-y. 
Other  non-interest  income  jumped  by  73%.  Adjusted  for  the  two  acquisitions  in  2023,  the  FX-adjusted 
operating income grew by 37%, total income by 28%, NII by 25% and NF&C by 15%, respectively.  

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

34 

OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

The  consolidated  annual  NIM  improved  by  42  bps  y-o-y  reaching  3.93%.  Apart  from  the  Hungarian, 
Ukrainian and Moldovan markets, elsewhere there was trend of interest rate increases that had a positive 
impact on both NII and NIMs. In 2023 as a whole, the Bulgarian, Slovenian, Serbian, Croatian, Montenegrin, 
Albanian and Ukrainian NIMs all improved y-o-y, whereas in other markets they dropped, though by different 
magnitude.  In  Hungary,  the  y-o-y  13  bps  decline  was  induced  by  the  changes  in  the  mandatory  reserve 
requirement and the balance sheet structure: as a result of acquisitions, on the assets side the weight of 
non-interest bearing subsidiary investments increased, while on the liability side the portion of MREL -eligible 
bonds grew at the expense of household deposits. 

The amount of the annual operating expenses increased by 22% y-o-y, the high, though declining inflation 
had  its  negative  impact  on  all  cost  items.  The  consolidated  cost-to-income  ratio  improved  further  and 
reached 43.3% (-4.3 pps y-o-y). Without acquisitions the FX-adjusted operating expenses increased by 17% 
y-o-y. 

that, 

The amount of consolidated total risk costs amounted to -HUF 38.5 billion, less than a quarter of the balance 
booked  in  2022;  without  the  impact  of  acquisitions  the  total  risk  cost  showed  a  po sitive  balance  of  
HUF  20  billion.  Within 
to   
-HUF 35 billion (2022: -HUF 135 billion). The annual risk cost rate moderated to 16 bps (-56 bps y-o-y), bulk 
of that was related to impairments in Uzbekistan. 
The  quality  of  the  consolidated  credit  portfolio  remained  stable  with  the  major  credit  quality  indicators 
shaping favourably. The Stage 3 ratio under IFRS 9 comprised 4.3% of the gross loans at the end of 4Q 
2023, underpinning a 0.6 pp y-o-y decrease. The own coverage ratio of Stage 3 exposures was close to 
61% at the end of 2023. 

losses  amounted 

impairment  on 

the  provisions 

loan 

for 

In case of Ipoteka Bank problem loans concentrated in three segments: in a broader sense agriculture, but 
also in cotton and textile industries. Within agriculture fishery, green house cultivation and hydro cultures, 
but  also  the  cotton  industry  were  behind  the  badwill  adjustment.  The  reasons  which  caused  the  badwill 
adjustment  and  the  increase  of  the  non-performing  exposures  emerged  before  the  acquisition,  but  their 
effects materialized only in a later stage. The Risk Division of Ipoteka Bank, including the unit responsible 
for corporate clients has been reorganized during the summer of 2023. Also, the realignment of the activity 
in connection with loan restructurings, delinquent exposures and debt collection is in progress. Parallel to 
this,  centralization  of  the  branch  activities  is  a  priority,  too.  This  reorganization  process  at  Ipoteka  Bank 
receives great attention from the management both on local and parent bank levels.  

The  FX-adjusted  consolidated  performing  (Stage  1+2)  loan  volumes  got  close  to  HUF  21,500  billion   by 
year-end. In 2023 the loan portfolio grew by 6% y-o-y organically (FX-adjusted).  

As for individual Group members, the Russian, Bulgarian and Croatian operations demonstrated the largest 
FX-adjusted volume expansion with 26%, 20% and 8% y-o-y growth. The biggest drop was suffered by the 
Ukrainian subsidiary (-22%y-o-y).  

FX-adjusted  deposits  on  a  consolidated  level  got  close  to  HUF  29,500  billion.  The  consolidated  net 
loan/(deposit + retail bond) ratio moderated to 72%. 

In 2023 OTP Bank issued altogether EUR 2 billion  MREL-eligible bonds of which around EUR 1.7 billion 
through public deals in forms of Tier 2 and Senior Preferred bonds. Besides, the Bank also utilized private 
placement and bilateral loan facilities with EUR 185 million Senior Non-Preferred and EUR 110 million Senior 
Preferred bonds. As a result, the actual MREL ratio for the OTP’s resolution group comfortably exceeded 
the mandatory minimum level of 23.96% set from 1 January 2024. 

In the case of Ukraine and Russia OTP management applies a „going concern” approach, however in Russia 
the management is still considering all strategic options, bearing in mind that any future solution should be 
strictly within the framework and in accordance with applicable local and international regulations.  

In 2H 2023 the Russian Central Bank approved twice a dividend payment by OTP’s Russian subsidiary with 
a total amount of RUB 13.4 billion.  

If the Russian entity was deconsolidated and the outstanding gross intragroup exposures were written off 
as well, the effect for the consolidated CET1 ratio would be  -11 bps, whereas in the Ukraine the negative 
effect would be 2 bps. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

35 

 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

Consolidated capital adequacy ratio (in accordance with BASEL III) 

At the end of 2023, the consolidated CET1 ratio under the prudential s cope of consolidation according to 
IFRS was 16.6% . This equals to the Tier 1 ratio. Consolidated CAR increased to 18.9%.  

At  the  end  of  2023,  the  effective  regulatory  minimum  requirement  for  the  consolidated  Tier  1  capital 
adequacy ratio was 11.5% which also incorporated the effective SREP rate, whereas the minimum CET1 
requirement was 9.6%. 

The components of the capital requirements were shaped by the following recent changes:  

•  The  SREP  rate  for  2023  was  125%,  inducing  an  additional  2%  capital  requirement  i n  terms  of  the 
consolidated  CAR  ratio.  According  to  the  information  of  NBH  the  SREP  rate  was  reduced  to  120% 
effective from 1 January 2024, as a result the additional capital requirement moderated to 1.6%.  

•  Effective from 1 July 2020 the original level of O-SII capital buffer (2%) was modified to 0% by the NBH 
until 31 December 2021. The gradual rebuilding started on 1 January 2022, its level was 1% in 2023 and 
on 1 January 2024 it will reach the original 2%. 

•  The effective rate of the countercyclical capital buffer in Bulgaria is 2%, in Croatia and Romania 1%, and 
0.5% in Slovenia, respectively. Accordingly, on Group level the countercyclical capital buffer was 0.5% as 
of 31 December 2023. In Hungary the currently effective countercyclical capital buffer is 0%, however from 
1  July  2024  NBH  will  introduce  a  50  bps  buffer  requirement.  With  such  change  taking  effect  locally,  on 
consolidated level the countercyclical capital buffer is expected to increase to 0.7% by the end of 2024. 

MREL adequacy 

As  a  result  of  MREL-eligible  issuances  completed  in  2023  by  4Q  2023  OTP  Group  reached  an  MREL 
adequacy ratio of 25.1% versus the minimum mandatory requirement of 23.9 6% effective from 1 January 
2024.  

Credit rating, shareholder structure 

In 2023 the effective credit ratings were as follows:  

•  OTP Bank’s long-term issuer credit rating by S&P Global is ꞌBBB-ꞌ, the outlook is stable; the credit rating 

of the dated Tier 2 instrument is ꞌBBꞌ; 

• 

the dated subordinated FX debt rating by Moody’s was downgraded from ‘Ba1’ to ꞌBa2ꞌ in February, while 
the Senior Preferred bond rating is ꞌBaa3ꞌ. OTP Mortgage Bank’s long term issuer rating is ꞌBaa3ꞌ, whereas 
the mortgage bond rating is ꞌA1ꞌ. The long-term FX deposit rating of OTP Bank Plc. remained unchanged 
at ꞌBaa1ꞌ. The outlook is stable for all ratings; 

•  OTP  Bank  Plc’  issuer  rating  at  Scope  Ratings  is  ꞌBBB+ꞌ  and  the  subordinated  debt  rating  ꞌBB+ꞌ, 

respectively; the outlook was changed from negative to stable in November 2023; 

• 

in April the Chinese Lianhe Credit Rating Co. gave ꞌAAAꞌ Long-Term Issuer Credit Rating (China national 
scale) for OTP Bank Plc’s, the outlook is stable. 

Regarding the ownership structure of the Bank, on 31 December 2023 the following investors had more than 
5%  influence  (voting  rights)  in  the  Company:  MOL  (the  Hungarian  Oil  and  Gas  Company,  8.59%),  and 
Groupama Group (5.10%). 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

36 

 
 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

SUMMARY  OF  ECONOMIC  POLICY  MEASURES  MADE  IN  THE  LAST  PERIOD  AND  OTHER 
IMPORTANT DEVELOPMENTS, AS WELL AS POST-BALANCE SHEET EVENTS 

Post-balance sheet events cover the period until 20 February 2024. 

Hungary 

•  On 23 January 2024 OTP Bank announced that notes were issued with a value date of 31 January 2024, 
in  the  aggregate  nominal  amount  of  EUR  600  million.  The  5  years,  Non-Call  4  years  Senior  Preferred 
Notes were priced on 23 January 2024. 

•  On 26 January 2024 Scope Ratings affirmed Hungary's long-term local- and foreign-currency issuer and 

senior unsecured debt ratings at ‘BBB’ with stable outlook. 

•  On 29 January 2024 the Ministry for National Economy announced that following discussions between the 
Government and the Banking Association, based on the banks' voluntary commitment, from 1 February to  
1  May  2024,  the  interest  margin  above  BUBOR  rate  for  newly  contracted  Hungarian  Forint-based, 
variable-rate corporate loan contracts (regardless of the purpose of the loan) will be 0%, and the margin 
will remain at 0% for 6 months from the date of disbursement of the loan, after which it may return to the 
normal level. At the same time, the Government indicated that the rate cap on outstanding variable rate 
MSE loans, which expires on 1 April 2024 according to the current legislation, will not be further extended. 

•  On 30 January 2024 the National Bank of Hungary cut its key policy rate by 75 bps to 10.0%. 

•  On 2 February 2024 OTP Bank announced that it decided to terminate the project aiming at establishing 
a  consumer  finance  joint  venture  company  with  its  partners  in  China  with  a  15%shareholding,  as  the 
condition precedents were not fulfilled until the pertaining contractual deadlines. 

•  On 9 February 2024 OTP Bank announced that it concluded a share sale and purchase agreement to sell 
its directly and indirectly owned 100% shareholding in OTP Bank Romania S.A. to Banca Transilvania S.A. 
(‘BT’). OTP Group is also selling its 100% shareholdings in its other Romanian subsidiaries, OTP Leasing 
Romania IFN S.A. and OTP Asset Management S.A.I. S.A. to BT under the transaction. The selling price 
is EUR 347.5 million which is smaller than the net asset value of the to be sold subsidiaries recognized in 
the  consolidated  accounts,  accordingly  the  transaction  resulted  in  a  negative  P&L  impact  of 
HUF 59.5 billion (after tax) on consolidated level, booked in 4Q 2023. As a result of the transaction, at the 
time of the closing of the deal the consolidated capital adequacy ratio is expected to improve by 52 bps. 
The financial closing of the transaction is expected in 2024 subject to the necessary regulatory approvals. 

•  On 12 February 2024 OTP Bank received a single permission from the Hungarian National Bank for the 
repurchase of treasury shares, accordingly the Bank is entitled to repurchase its own shares in the amount 
of HUF 60 billion until 31 December 2024. The total amount specified in the permission shall immediately 
be deducted from the own funds in accordance with the law. 

Moldova 

•  On 4 February 2024 the central bank cut the base rate by 50 bps to 4.25%. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

37 

 
 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

CONSOLIDATED PROFIT AFTER TAX BREAKDOWN BY SUBSIDIARIES (IFRS)5 

Methodological note: starting from 2023 the segmentation of the Hungarian operation has been changed: in contrast to the 
previous practice, starting from 2023 Corporate Centre was no longer carved out of the OTP Core segment. In the affected 
tables  of  this  report,  the  2022  base  periods  were  presented  both  under  the  old  and  the  new  segment  definitions.  The  
q-o-q and y-o-y changes presented in the affected tables are calculated from the restated figures. For details, see chapter 
‘Methodological note: change in the segmentation of OTP Core and Corporate Centre’ in the ‘Supplementary Data’ section. 

Consolidated profit after tax 

Adjustments (total) 
Consolidated adjusted profit after tax  

Banks total1 

OTP Core (Hungary)2 
DSK Group (Bulgaria)3 
OTP Bank Slovenia4 
OBH (Croatia)5 
OTP Bank Serbia6 
OTP Bank Albania7 
CKB Group (Montenegro)8 
Ipoteka Bank (Uzbekistan)9 
OTP Bank Russia10 
OTP Bank Ukraine11 
OTP Bank Romania12 
OTP Bank Moldova 

Leasing 

Merkantil Group (Hungary)13 

Asset Management 

OTP Asset Management (Hungary) 
Foreign Asset Management Companies14 

Other Hungarian Subsidiaries 
Other Foreign Subsidiaries15 
Corporate Centre16 
Eliminations 

Profit after tax of the Hungarian operation17 
Adjusted profit after tax of the Hungarian operation17 
Profit after tax of the Foreign operation18 
Adjusted profit after tax of the Foreign operation18 

Share of Hungarian contribution to the adjusted profit after tax 
Share of Foreign contribution to the adjusted profit after tax 

2022 
as prevoiusly reported 
HUF million 
347,081 
(245,466) 
592,547 
535,717 
253,232 
119,885 
23,860 
42,801 
36,873 
10,175 
9,791 
- 
42,548 
(15,922) 
3,071 
9,403 
10,971 
10,971 
9,621 
9,357 
263 
27,645 
(141) 
2,968 
5,767 

167,057 
303,873 
180,024 
288,674 

51% 
49% 

2022 
restated 
HUF million 
347,081 
(245,466) 
592,547 
538,685 
256,200 
119,885 
23,860 
42,801 
36,873 
10,175 
9,791 
- 
42,548 
(15,922) 
3,071 
9,403 
10,971 
10,971 
9,621 
9,357 
263 
27,645 
(141) 
- 
5,767 

167,057 
303,873 
180,024 
288,674 

51% 
49% 

2023 
HUF million  

Change 
%/pps 

990,459 
(18,123) 
1,008,583 
946,279 
302,935 
201,992 
128,730 
53,959 
68,026 
15,032 
21,814 
(21,857) 
95,665 
45,184 
20,099 
14,700 
10,267 
10,267 
19,861 
19,673 
188 
30,570 
986 
- 
620 

519,025 
365,979 
471,434 
642,604 

36% 
64% 

185 
(93) 
70 
76 
18 
68 
440 
26 
84 
48 
123 

125 
(384) 
554 
56 
(6) 
(6) 
106 
110 
(29) 
11 
(797) 

(89) 

211 
20 
162 
123 

(15) 
15 

5 Belonging footnotes are in the Supplementary data section of the Report.  

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

38 

 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF PROFIT OR LOSS  

Main components of the adjusted Statement of recognized income  

Consolidated profit after tax  

Adjustments (total, after corporate income tax) 

Dividends and net cash transfers (after tax) 
Goodwill/investment impairment charges (after tax) 
Special tax on financial institutions (after tax) 
Expected one-off negative effect of the debt repayment moratorium in Hungary  
(after tax) 
Expected one-off effect of the interest rate cap for certain loans in Hungary and  
Serbia (after tax) 
Effect of the winding up of Sberbank Hungary (after tax) 
Effect of acquisitions (after tax) 
Result of the treasury share swap agreement (after tax) 
Impairments on Russian government bonds at OTP Core and DSK Bank booked  
from 2022 (after tax) 

Consolidated adjusted profit after tax 

Profit before tax 

Operating profit 
Total income 

Net interest income 
Net fees and commissions 
Other net non-interest income 
Foreign exchange result, net 
Gain/loss on securities, net 
Net other non-interest result 

Operating expenses 
Personnel expenses 
Depreciation 
Other expenses 

Total risk costs 

Provision for impairment on loan losses 
Other provision 

Corporate taxes 

INDICATORS 

ROE (from profit after tax) 
ROE (from adjusted profit after tax) 
ROA (from adjusted profit after tax) 

Operating profit margin 
Total income margin 
Net interest margin 
Net fee and commission margin 
Net other non-interest income margin 

Cost-to-asset ratio 
Cost/income ratio 

Provision for impairment on loan losses-to-average gross loans ratio 
Total risk cost-to-asset ratio 
Effective tax rate 

Non-interest income/total income 
EPS base (HUF) (from profit after tax) 
EPS diluted (HUF) (from profit after tax) 
EPS base (HUF) (from adjusted profit after tax) 
EPS diluted (HUF) (from adjusted profit after tax) 

Comprehensive Income Statement 

Consolidated profit after tax 
Fair value changes of financial instruments measured at fair value through other 
comprehensive income 
Foreign currency translation difference 
Change of actuarial costs (IAS 19) 

Net comprehensive income 

o/w Net comprehensive income attributable to equity holders 
Net comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interest 

Average exchange rate1 of the HUF 

HUF/EUR 
HUF/CHF 
HUF/USD 

2022 
HUF million 
347,081 
(245,466) 
1,927 
(59,254) 
(91,353) 

2023 
HUF million 
990,459 
(18,123) 
(1,911) 
(3,919) 
(62,551) 

(2,473) 

0 

Change 
% 
185 
(93) 

(93) 
(32) 

(36,585) 

(32,898) 

(10) 

(10,389) 
(15,594) 
3,028 

(34,775) 

592,547 
690,022 
868,487 
1,656,571 
1,093,579 
397,118 
165,874 
90,691 
1,579 
73,604 
(788,084) 
(396,304) 
(84,663) 
(307,117) 
(178,465) 
(135,231) 
(43,234) 
(97,475) 
2022 
11.0% 
18.8% 
1.9% 
2.78% 
5.31% 
3.51% 
1.27% 
0.53% 
2.53% 
47.6% 
0.73% 
0.57% 
14.1% 
34% 
1,289 
1,288 
2,204 
2,204 
2022 
347,081 

10,389 
64,886 
10,680 

(2,799) 

1,008,583 
1,222,328 
1,260,850 
2,224,584 
1,459,694 
478,146 
286,745 
123,314 
1,994 
161,436 
(963,734) 
(503,959) 
(95,561) 
(364,215) 
(38,521) 
(34,781) 
(3,741) 
(213,746) 
2023 
27.2% 
27.7% 
2.7% 
3.39% 
5.99% 
3.93% 
1.29% 
0.77% 
2.59% 
43.3% 
0.16% 
0.10% 
17.5% 
34% 
3,695 
3,693 
3,769 
3,767 
2023 
990,459 

(119,377) 

78,419 

179,622 
1,016 
408,342 
407,695 
647 
2022 
HUF 
391 
390 
373 

(200,928) 
(400) 
864,843 
863,714 
1,129 
2023 
HUF 
382 
393 
353 

253 

(92) 

70 
77 
45 
34 
33 
20 
73 
36 
26 
119 
22 
27 
13 
19 
(78) 
(74) 
(91) 
119 
%/pps 
16.2 
9.0 
0.8 
0.61 
0.67 
0.42 
0.01 
0.24 
0.07 
(4.3) 
(0.56) 
(0.47) 
3.4 
0 
187 
187 
71 
71 
% 
185 

112 
112 
74 
Change 
% 
(2) 
1 
(5) 

1 Exchange rates presented in the tables of this report should be interpreted as follows: the value of a unit of the other currency expressed in Hungarian forint 
terms, i.e. HUF/EUR represents the HUF equivalent of one EUR. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

39 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

ASSET-LIABILITY MANAGEMENT 

Similar to previous periods OTP Group maintained a strong and safe liquidity position… 

The primary objective of OTP Bank in terms of asset-liability management has not changed, that is to ensure 
that the Group’s liquidity is maintained at a safe level.  

Refinancing  sources  of  the  European  Central  Bank  are  available  for  OTP  (ECB  repo  eligible  securit ies 
portfolio on Group level exceeded EUR 5.5 billion).  

Total  liquidity  reserves  of  OTP  Bank  remained  steadily  and  substantially  above  the  safety  level.  As  at  
31  December  2023  the  gross  liquidity  buffer  was  around  EUR  9.8  billion  equivalent.  The  level  of  these 
buffers is significantly higher than the maturing debt within one year and the reserves required to manage 
possible liquidity shocks.  

As  at  31  December  2023 OTP  Group’s consolidated  liquidity  coverage (LCR) ratio  was  246%  (4Q  2022: 
172%) while NSFR compliance has remained comfortable (4Q 2023: 153%). 

The volume of issued securities more than doubled on a consolidated basis y-o-y. The increase was driven 
both  by  bond  issuances  of  OTP  Bank  and  by  the  completed  acquisitions  during  the  period.  In  order  to 
optimize capital structure and meet MREL (Minimum Requirements for Own Funds and Eligible Liabilities) 
requirements, OTP Bank issued bonds in different currencies on the international capital markets several 
times in 2023. In February USD 650 million Tier 2 notes were issued, while OTP Bank sold Senior Preferred 
bonds on three occasions: USD 500 million in May, EUR 650 million and RON 170 million in October. Senior 
Non-Preferred bonds have also been issued: EUR 110 million in June and EUR 75 million in Dec ember. The 
net outstanding amount of retail bonds issued by OTP Bank in the domestic capital market increased by 
HUF 165 billion in 2023. On the other hand, bonds issued by Nova KBM and Ipoteka Bank in the notional 
amount of HUF 485 billion equivalent were consolidated as part of the completed acquisitions. In June, Nova 
KBM issued Senior Preferred bonds on the international capital markets in the amount of EUR 400 million.  

…and kept its interest-rate risk exposures low 

Due to the liabilities, which respond to yield changes only to a moderate extent, the Bank has an interest-rate 
risk  exposure  resulting  from  its  business  operations.  The  Bank  considers  the  reduction  and  closing  of  this 
exposure as a strategic matter.  

Besides  the  interest  rate  cap  measures  introduced  in  2022,  further  regulatory/governmental  measures 
distorted the Bank’s balance sheet structure in 2023, therefore the stock of HUF denominated variable interest 
rate assets decreased further resulting in a change in the HUF interest rate risk position that can be considered 
nearly closed, currently. Due to the upcoming maturities of the long-term HUF liquid asset portfolio and the 
operating profit accumulation the stock of variable assets is expected to increase as time passes. Because of 
the surplus of variable interest rate assets compared to variable interest rate liabilities the net interest income 
of the EUR (and BGN) denominated portfolio correlates with the rise in money market interest rates: the loans 
get repriced typically in 3-6 months, the interest rate swaps (IRS) in 6 months, and other liquid assets within 
1-3 months. On the deposit side the repricing is not automatic, its extent and speed depends on the level of 
interest rates and the liquidity position of the Bank. The increase in the interest environment did not cause 
significant repricing in case of deposits, consequently, and due to the increased nominal yield levels, the Bank 
Group decided to change its liquid asset placement practice in the second half of the year through increasing 
the  duration  of  liquid  assets,  and  furthermore  it  entered  into  fixed  interest  rate  receiver  swap  positions,  to 
defend the Bank Group’s net interest income from the negative effects of potential decrease in the EUR yields. 

Market Risk Exposure of OTP Group 

The  consolidated  capital  requirement  of  the  trading  book  positions,  the  counterparty  risk  and  the  FX  risk 
exposure represented HUF 47.7 billion in total.  

OTP Group is an active participant of the international FX and derivative market. Open FX positions of group 
members  are  restricted  to  individual  and  global  net  open  position  limits  (overnight  and  intraday),  and  to  
stop-loss limits. The open positions of the group members outside Hungary except for the Bulgarian DSK Bank 
– the EUR/BGN exposure of DSK under the current exchange rate regime does not represent real risk – were 
negligible measured against either the balance sheet total or the regulatory capital. Therefore, the group level 
FX exposure was concentrated at OTP Bank. 

In order to mitigate the FX rate sensitivity of the consolidated equity, OTP Bank Plc. has opened a short euro 
open FX position; the revaluation result of which is recognised directly against equity. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

40 

 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION OF OTP GROUP 

Main components of the adjusted balance sheet 

TOTAL ASSETS 
Cash, amounts due from Banks and balances with the National Banks 
Placements with other banks, net of allowance for placement losses 
Securities at fair value through profit or loss 
Securities at fair value through other comprehensive income 
Net customer loans 
Net customer loans (FX-adjusted1) 

Gross customer loans 
Gross customer loans (FX-adjusted1) 

Gross performing (Stage 1+2) customer loans (FX-adjusted1) 

o/w Retail loans 

Retail mortgage loans (incl. home equity) 
Retail consumer loans 
SME loans 
Corporate loans 
Leasing 

Allowances for loan losses 
Allowances for loan losses (FX-adjusted1) 

Associates and other investments 
Securities at amortized costs 
Tangible and intangible assets, net 

o/w Goodwill, net 
Tangible and other intangible assets, net 

Other assets 
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY 
Amounts due to banks, the National Governments, deposits from the National Banks 
and other banks, and Financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss 
Deposits from customers 
Deposits from customers (FX-adjusted1) 

o/w Retail deposits 

Household deposits 
SME deposits 
Corporate deposits 
Accrued interest payable related to customer deposits2 

Liabilities from issued securities 

o/w Retail bonds 
Liabilities from issued securities without retail bonds 

Other liabilities 
Subordinated bonds and loans 
Total shareholders' equity 

Indicators 

Loan/deposit ratio (FX-adjusted1) 
Net loan/(deposit + retail bond) ratio (FX-adjusted1) 
Stage 1 loan volume under IFRS 9 
Stage 1 loans under IFRS 9/gross customer loans 
Own coverage of Stage 1 loans under IFRS 9 
Stage 2 loan volume under IFRS 9 
Stage 2 loans under IFRS 9/gross customer loans 
Own coverage of Stage 2 loans under IFRS 9 
Stage 3 loan volume under IFRS 9 
Stage 3 loans under IFRS 9/gross customer loans 
Own coverage of Stage 3 loans under IFRS 9 

2022 
HUF million 
32,804,210 
4,221,392 
1,351,081 
436,387 
1,739,603 
18,640,624 
17,929,314 
19,643,558 
18,858,498 
17,946,407 
9,296,956 
4,657,067 
3,845,614 
794,275 
7,403,482 
1,245,969 
(1,002,933) 
(929,184) 
73,849 
4,891,938 
738,105 
68,319 
669,786 
711,230 
32,804,210 

2023 
HUF million 
39,609,144 
7,324,636 
1,575,145 
290,975 
1,640,891 
21,447,380 
21,447,380 
22,466,415 
22,466,415 
21,496,534 
11,650,463 
5,808,199 
4,853,359 
988,906 
8,498,051 
1,348,020 
(1,019,035) 
(1,019,035) 
96,346 
5,475,701 
878,949 
66,932 
812,017 
879,121 
39,609,144 

1,517,349 

2,013,333 

25,188,805 
24,320,092 
15,760,368 
13,166,546 
2,593,823 
8,529,476 
30,247 
870,682 
35,766 
834,916 
1,603,078 
301,984 
3,322,312 
2022 
78% 
74% 
16,387,792 
83.4% 
1.0% 
2,286,597 
11.6% 
10.7% 
969,169 
4.9% 
61.0% 

29,428,284 
29,428,284 
19,322,905 
16,090,066 
3,232,839 
10,105,378 
0 
2,095,548 
201,131 
1,894,418 
1,414,790 
562,396 
4,094,793 
2023 
76% 
72% 
18,570,222 
82.7% 
0.9% 
2,926,312 
13.0% 
9.2% 
969,881 
4.3% 
60.8% 

Consolidated capital adequacy - Basel3, IFRS,  
according to prudential scope of consolidation 

2022 

2023 

Change 
% 
21 
74 
17 
(33) 
(6) 
15 
20 
14 
19 
20 
25 
25 
26 
25 
15 
8 
2 
10 
30 
12 
19 
(2) 
21 
24 
21 

33 

17 
21 
23 
22 
25 
18 
(100) 
141 
462 
127 
(12) 
86 
23 
%/pps 
(1) 
(1) 
13 
(0.8) 
(0.1) 
28 
1.4 
(1.6) 
0 
(0.6) 
(0.2) 

%/pps 

Tier2 Capital 

o/w Tier1 Capital 

o/w Common Equity Tier 1 capital 

Consolidated risk weighted assets (RWA) (Credit&Market&Operational risk) 

Capital adequacy ratio 
Tier1 ratio 
Common Equity Tier 1 ('CET1') capital ratio  
Own funds 

1.1 
0.2 
0.2 
22 
17 
17 
84 
15 
14 
26 
Change 
% 
(4) 
HUF/EUR 
1 
HUF/CHF 
HUF/USD 
(8) 
1  For the  FX-adjustment, the closing  cross  currency rates for the  current  period were used in  order to calculate the HUF equivalent  of loan and deposit 
volumes in the base periods. 
2 Starting from 2023, the accrued interest payable related to customer deposits is presented on the deposits from customers line.  

18.9% 
16.6% 
16.6% 
4,475,380 
3,945,570 
3,945,570 
529,810 
23,700,282 
21,275,002 
2,425,281 
2023 
HUF 
383 
412 
346 

17.8% 
16.4% 
16.4% 
3,671,104 
3,383,161 
3,383,161 
287,944 
20,607,706 
18,679,480 
1,928,226 
2022 
HUF 
400 
407 
376 

o/w RWA (Credit risk) 
RWA (Market & Operational risk) 

Closing exchange rate of the HUF 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

41 

 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

OTP BANK’S HUNGARIAN CORE BUSINESS 

Methodological note: starting from 2023 the segmentation of the Hungarian operation has been changed: in contrast to the 
previous practice, starting from 2023 Corporate Centre was no longer carved out of the OTP Core segment. In the affected 
tables of this report, the 2022 base periods were presented both under the old and the new segment definitions. The q-o-
q and y-o-y changes presented in the affected tables are calculated from the restated figures.  For details, see chapter 
‘Methodological note: change in the segmentation of OTP Core and Corporate Centre’ in the ‘Supplementary Data’ section. 

Starting from 2023 OTP Ecosystem Ltd. was eliminated from OTP Core. 

OTP Core Statement of recognized income: 

Main components of the Statement of recognised income  

Profit after tax without received dividend 

Dividend received from subsidiaries 
Profit after tax 

Adjustments (total, after tax) 
Adjusted profit after tax 

Profit before tax 

Operating profit 
Total income 

Net interest income 
Net fees and commissions 
Other net non-interest income   

Operating expenses 

Total risk costs 

Provision for impairment on loan losses 
Other provisions 
Corporate income tax 

Indicators 

2023  Change 

HUF million 
313,143 
187,726 
500,869 
197,934 
302,935 
366,502 
341,049 
751,953 
432,651 
197,104 
122,198 
(410,904) 
25,452 
15,370 
10,083 
(63,566) 
2023 

% 
935 
74 
263 

18 
22 
15 
17 
4 
11 
154 
19 
954 
(53) 

45 
pps 

2022 
as previously reported 
HUF million 
27,274 
107,907 
135,181 
(118,051) 
253,232 
296,672 
294,257 
637,469 
412,611 
176,830 
48,028 
(343,212) 
2,415 
32,850 
(30,435) 
(43,440) 
2022 
as previously reported 
12.6% 
1.6% 
1.8% 
3.97% 
2.57% 
1.10% 
0.30% 
2.1% 
53.8% 
(0.55%) 
14.6% 

2022 
restated 
HUF million 
30,242 
107,907 
138,149 
(118,051) 
256,200 
300,094 
297,679 
642,520 
417,662 
176,830 
48,028 
(344,841) 
2,415 
32,850 
(30,435) 
(43,894) 
2022 
restated 
12.7% 
1.5% 
1.7% 
3.68% 
2.39% 
1.01% 
0.27% 
2.0% 
53.7% 
(0.55%) 
14.6% 

ROE (adjusted) 
ROA (adjusted) 

Operating profit margin 
Total income margin 
Net interest margin 
Net fee and commission margin 
Net other non-interest income margin 

1.5 
0.1 
0.1 
0.26 
(0.13) 
0.02 
0.36 
0.2 
1.0 
0.31 
2.7 
1 Negative Provision for impairment on loan and placement losses/average gross loans ratio implies positive amount on the Provision for impairment on loan 
and placement losses line. 

Provision for impairment on loan losses / average gross loans1 
Effective tax rate 

14.2% 
1.6% 
1.8% 
3.94% 
2.26% 
1.03% 
0.64% 
2.2% 
54.6% 
(0.23%) 
17.3% 

Operating costs to total assets ratio 
Cost/income ratio 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

42 

  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

Main components of OTP Core’s Statement of financial position: 

Main components of balance sheet  
(closing balances) 

Total Assets 
Financial assets1 (net) 
Net customer loans 
Net customer loans (FX adjusted) 

Gross customer loans 
Gross customer loans (FX adjusted) 

Stage 1+2 customer loans (FX-adjusted) 

Retail loans 

Retail mortgage loans (incl. home equity) 
Retail consumer loans 
SME loans 
Corporate loans 

Provisions 
Provisions (FX adjusted) 

Tangible and intangible assets (net) 
Shares and equity investments (net) 
Other assets (net) 
Deposits from customers + retail bonds 
Deposits from customers + retail bonds (FX adjusted) 

Retail deposits + retail bonds 

Household deposits + retail bonds 

o/w: Retail bonds 

SME deposits 
Corporate deposits 

Liabilities to credit institutions 
Issued securities without retail bonds 
Subordinated bonds and loans 
Total shareholders' equity 

Loan Quality 

Stage 1 loan volume under IFRS 9 (in HUF million) 
Stage 1 loans under IFRS 9/gross customer loans 
Own coverage of Stage 1 loans under IFRS 9 
Stage 2 loan volume under IFRS 9 (in HUF million) 
Stage 2 loans under IFRS 9/gross customer loans 
Own coverage of Stage 2 loans under IFRS 9 
Stage 3 loan volume under IFRS 9 (in HUF million) 
Stage 3 loans under IFRS 9/gross customer loans 
Own coverage of Stage 3 loans under IFRS 9 

Market Share 

Loans 
Deposits 
Total Assets 

Performance Indicators 

2022 
as previously 
reported 

2022 

2023  Change 

restated 

% 

7,438,066 
6,278,620 
6,213,791 
6,528,001 
6,460,305 
6,139,203 
3,482,800 
1,656,950 
1,306,916 
518,933 
2,656,402 
(249,381) 
(246,514) 
222,587 
1,447,924 
371,094 

15,758,292  17,596,229  18,459,423 
9,630,766 
9,270,006 
6,329,293 
6,278,620 
6,329,293 
6,213,791 
6,597,968 
6,528,001 
6,597,968 
6,460,305 
6,335,682 
6,139,203 
3,752,574 
3,482,800 
1,722,826 
1,656,950 
1,515,264 
1,306,916 
514,485 
518,933 
2,583,108 
2,656,402 
(268,675) 
(249,381) 
(268,675) 
(246,514) 
296,425 
222,587 
1,890,681 
1,447,924 
312,258 
377,091 
11,246,795  11,246,795  10,981,387 
11,098,246  11,098,246  10,981,387 
6,339,542 
6,416,859 
4,927,751 
5,012,354 
201,131 
35,766 
1,411,791 
1,404,504 
4,641,844 
4,681,387 
2,326,311 
2,313,832 
1,675,963 
949,421 
507,277 
294,186 
2,016,019 
2,371,964 
4Q 2022 

5 
4 
1 
2 
1 
2 
3 
8 
4 
16 
(1) 
(3) 
8 
9 
33 
31 
(17) 
(2) 
(1) 
(1) 
(2) 
462 
1 
(1) 
1 
77 
72 
18 
4Q 2023  %/pps 

restated 

5,457,140 
83.6% 
0.8% 
747,905 
11.5% 
8.6% 
322,956 
4.9% 
43.2% 
4Q 2022 

restated 

26.8% 
29.1% 
27.6% 
4Q 2022 

restated 

5,312,525 
80.5% 
0.8% 
1,023,157 
15.5% 
7.8% 
262,285 
4.0% 
55.9% 
4Q 2023 

26.2% 
28.3% 
28.3% 
4Q 2023 

(3) 
(3.1) 
0.0 
37 
4.1 
(0.8) 
(19) 
(1.0) 
12.7 
pps 

(0.5) 
(0.8) 
0.7 
pps 

6,416,859 
5,012,354 
35,766 
1,404,504 
4,681,387 
1,251,653 
471,773 
0 
2,016,019 
4Q 2022 
as previously 
reported 
5,457,140 
83.6% 
0.8% 
747,905 
11.5% 
8.6% 
322,956 
4.9% 
43.2% 
4Q 2022 
as previously 
reported 
26.8% 
29.1% 
27.6% 
4Q 2022 
as previously 
reported 
56% 
12.8% 
7.8x 
19.2% 

Net loans to (deposits + retail bonds) (FX adjusted) 
Leverage (closing Shareholder's Equity/Total Assets) 
Leverage (closing Total Assets/Shareholder's Equity) 
Capital adequacy ratio (OTP Bank, non-consolidated, Basel3, IFRS) 
Common Equity Tier1 ratio (OTP Bank, non-consolidated, Basel3, 
IFRS) 
1  Cash, amounts due  from  banks  and  balances with the National  Bank of Hungary;  placements with other  banks;  repo receivables; securities and  other 
financial assets. 

58% 
12.8% 
7.8x 
27.6% 

56% 
11.5% 
8.7x 
19.2% 

2 
1.4 
(0.9x) 
8.5 

22.5% 

16.3% 

16.3% 

6.2 

In  2023,  OTP  Core  generated  HUF  313  billion  profit  after  tax  without  dividends  from  subsidiaries,  as 
opposed to the HUF 30 billion loss in the base period.  

This  improvement  partly  stemmed  from  the  much  better  balance  of  adjustment  items:  against  the 
impairments on subsidiary investments in 2022, in 2023 impairments were reversed, and in contrast to the 
base period, Russian bond impairments didn’t weigh on the 2023 results. Also, special banking taxes also 
moderated 
y-o-y. On the other hand, the adjusted profit after tax also improved last year, by 18%.  

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

43 

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

The  annual  operating  profit  went  up  by  15%.  Within  total  income,  net  interest  income  grew  by  4%,  or   
HUF 15 billion. Regarding the key factors behind this change, the altogether negative effect of regulatory 
changes and technicalities was counterbalanced by higher rate environment and business -driven factors: 

• regulatory changes and technical factors, in total: -HUF 85 billion, of which: 

o changes to the mandatory reserve rules6 entailed HUF 45 billion negative y-o-y NII effect;  
o the issuance of MREL eligible instruments caused HUF 18 billion NII decline y-o-y; 
o due to new acquisitions, the weight of non-interest-bearing subsidiary investments increased on the 
asset side at the expense  of interest-bearing  assets,  resulting  in HUF  52  billion  lower NII; on the 
other  hand,  the  strategic  short  EUR  position  opened  in  February  2023  with  an  aim  of  hedging 
investments into the Eurozone supported NII by HUF 30 billion.  

• The impact of higher rate environment, business-driven and other factors, in total: +HUF 101 billion, of 

which: 

o given  the  Bank’s  interest  rate  position,  the  increase  in  the  annual  average  key  policy  rate  of  the 

central bank reduced NII by HUF 8 billion; 

o the erosion of customer deposits resulted in HUF 31 billion lower net interest income y-o-y; 
o loans granted in 2023 generated HUF 50 billion additional interest revenues; 
o in 2023 the reinvestment of lower yielding government securities into higher yielding assets improved 

the y-o-y NII dynamics by HUF 44 billion; 

o other  effects:  +HUF  46  billion  in  total,  driven  by,  among  others,  increasing  total  assets,  and  the 

retroactive adjustment of subsidized housing loans’ interest subsidies related to previous years. 
The annual average total assets went up by 9%, while the annual net interest margin narrowed by 13 bps. 

Annual net fees and commissions rose by 11% last year, mainly supported by stronger fees on deposits, 
transactions, cards and higher securities commissions, but lending-related fee income declined.  

Twelve-month other income jumped 2.5 times, predominantly because of the positive fair value adjustment 
of subsidized housing loans and baby loans measured at fair value booked in 2023 (2022:  -HUF 8 billion, 
2023: +HUF 87 billion). This was caused by the lower discount rates used to determine the present value of 
future cash flows, as a result of the shrinking yield curve.  

Annual operating expenses grew by 19% in the high-inflation environment. Within that, personnel expenses 
increased by 30%, mostly because of the wage increases in the second half of 2022 and from March 2023, 
and also due to the 4% growth in the average number of employees. Amortization increased by 10%. Other 
general expenses grew by 10%, driven by, among others, higher IT, utility, and real estate-related costs, as 
well  as  by  higher  supervisory  charges  (National  Deposit  Insurance  Fund  and  Investor  Protection  Fund 
contributions were hiked effective from end-2022).  

In 2023, positive total risk costs amounted to HUF 25 billion; within that, the credit-related and the other risk 
cost lines also printed positive amounts. The positive amount of provision for impairment on loan losses was 
shaped by the releases in the second half-year owing to the improvement in macroeconomic expectations, 
as well as by the release of provisions in 2Q in relation to customers who performed in accordance with their 
contracts  after  leaving  the  debt  repayment  moratorium,  which  expired  at  the  end  of  2022.  The  other  risk 
costs line was largely shaped by the release of provision for Hungarian government securities.  

Overall,  loan  quality  trends  remained  favourable:  the  Stage  3  ratio  sank  by  1  pp   y-o-y,  to  4.0%,  in  part 
because of customers who left the moratorium and  performed were moved into a lower risk category. The 
Stage 2 ratio rose by 4.1 pps y-o-y, partly because a more advanced Stage 2 classification and impairment 
methodology  was  introduced  from  2Q.  The  own  provision  coverage  ratio  of  Stage  3  loans  improved  by  
12.7 ps y-o-y, while the cumulative own provision coverage ratio of the Stage 1+2 portfolio rose by 0.2 pp  
y-o-y, to 1.9%. 

Regarding balance sheet developments, OTP Core’s total assets grew by 5% y-o-y. 

The increase in performing (Stage 1+2) loans markedly slowed: the FX-adjusted dynamics was 3% in 2023, 
following a 15% growth rate in 2022. 

In 2023, the retail segment was the driver of growth: consumer loans surged by an impressive 16%, fuelled 
by sustained increase in both cash loans and baby loans. 

6 Starting from October 2022, the required reserve ratio rose from 1% to 5%, and then, starting from April 2023, from 5% to 10% , and the central bank 
diverted the interest rate paid on reserves from the overnight deposit rate (18%), and paid the base rate ( 13%) on them from October 2022; starting from 
April 2023, the central bank did not pay interest on 25% of the mandatory minimum reserve requirement. Thus the effective int erest paid on required 
reserves dropped to 9.75% in April 2023. Starting from July 2023, 15% of the reserve requirement may be met by longer-term deposits at the central 
bank (paying the O/N interest rate), and the central bank does not pay interest on 25% of the remaining 85% of the minimum re quirement. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

44 

 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

Performing  mortgage  loans  grew  by  4%  y-o-y.  In  2023  applications  dropped  by  a  third  y-o-y,  but  the 
intra-year trend was positive: demand for mortgages rocked bottom in the first quarter, but compared to that, 
applications more than tripled in 4Q. 

Performing corporate volumes shrank by 2% y-o-y; within that, MSE loans declined by 1% and corporate 
volumes contracted by 3%. However, the Széchenyi Card MAX+ and the Baross Gábor Loan Programme 
generated  significant  new  loan  placements:  in  2023,  OTP  signed  loan  agreem ents  in  the  amount  of 
HUF  494  billion  under  the  Széchenyi  Card  MAX+  scheme,  while  the  Baross  Gábor  Loan  Programme 
reached HUF 202 billion loan applications by the end of 2023.  

Deposits  from  customers  (including  retail  bonds)  eroded  by  an  FX-adjusted  1%  y-o-y.  Retail  deposits 
(together with retail bonds) dropped by 2% y-o-y. Overall, corporate deposits remained stable y-o-y.  

As a result of the Bank’s active presence on capital markets, the volume of issued securities (without retail 
bonds) jumped by 77% y-o-y, while subordinated debt surged by 72%.  

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

45 

 
 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

OTP FUND MANAGEMENT (HUNGARY) 

Changes in assets under management and financial performance of OTP Fund Management: 

Main components of P&L account  
in HUF million 

Adjusted profit after tax 

Income tax 

Profit before income tax 

Operating profit 
Total income 

Net fees and commissions 
Other net non-interest income 

Operating expenses 

Other provisions 

Main components of balance sheet  
closing balances in HUF million 

Total assets 
Total shareholders' equity 

Asset under management 
in HUF billion 

Assets under management, total (w/o duplicates)1 

Volume of investment funds (closing, w/o duplicates) 
Volume of managed assets (closing) 

Volume of investment funds (closing, with duplicates)2 

bond 
money market 
absolute return fund 
equity 
mixed 
commodity market 
guaranteed 

2022 
HUF million 
9,357 
(1,234) 
10,592 
10,678 
14,585 
14,094 
491 
(3,907) 
(86) 

2022 

27,718 
16,993 
2022 
HUF billion 
1,782 
1,388 
393 
1,869 
665 
287 
288 
296 
285 
49 
0 

2023 
HUF million 
19,673 
(2,491) 
22,165 
22,193 
27,771 
25,923 
1,846 
(5,578) 
11 

2023 

39,461 
28,741 
2023 
HUF billion 
3,086 
2,609 
477 
3,532 
1,924 
484 
370 
331 
336 
70 
17 

Change 
% 
110 
102 
109 
108 
90 
84 
276 
43 

% 

42 
69 

% 

73 
88 
21 
89 
190 
69 
29 
12 
18 
45 

1 The cumulative net asset value of investment funds and managed assets of OTP Fund Management, eliminating the volume of own i nvestment funds 
(duplications) being managed in other investment funds and managed assets of OTP Fund Management.  
2 The cumulative net asset value of investment funds with duplications managed by OTP Fund Management.  

In 2023, OTP Fund Management generated HUF 19.7 billion profit, twice as much as in the previous year.  

In 2023 net fee and commission income jumped by 84%, in accordance with the dynamic growth of managed 
assets. Besides, the average annual rate of fund management fee (1.25% in 2023) was 18 bps higher than 
in the previous year.  

Annual other income nearly quadrupled, thanks to the improving results of the securities in the Company’s 
own books. 

In  2023  operating  expenses  exceeded  the  previous  year’s  level  by  43%.  The  rise  in  personnel  costs 
stemmed from the higher bonus payments, but salary hikes and higher headcount also played a role. Within 
other  expenses,  the  high  inflationary  environment  was  predominantly  reflected  in  the  elevated  costs  of 
running real estates and vehicles, but marketing expenses and expert fees also grew.   

In Hungary’s fund management market, the assets under management once again hit record high at the 
end of December 2023: the high interest rate environment led to strong inflows and positive yields. These 
conditions primarily supported the expansion of bond funds and money market funds.   

In the case of OTP Fund Management, the assets of bond funds tripled y -o-y, thus it made up more than 
half of the managed funds’ volumes at the end of the year. As to the remaining categories, money market 
funds  and  absolute  return  funds  benefited  from  the  effect  of  positive  yields  and  capital  inflows,  but  the 
weaker yield performance moderated equity funds’ volume growth.   

Overall,  the  volume  of  funds  managed  by  OTP  Fund  Management  exceeded  HUF  3,500  billion  (+89%   
y-o-y) at the end of December; thus it preserved its leader position (31.6%) in the securities funds market. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

46 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

MERKANTIL GROUP (HUNGARY) 

Performance of Merkantil Group: 

Main components of P&L account  

Adjusted profit after tax 

Income tax 
Profit before income tax 

Operating profit 
Total income 

Net interest income 
Net fees and commissions 
Other net non-interest income 

Operating expenses 

Total provisions 

Provision for impairment on loan losses 
Other provision 

Main components of balance sheet  
(closing balances) 

Total assets 
Gross customer loans 
Gross customer loans (FX-adjusted) 

Stage 1+2 customer loans (FX-adjusted) 

Retail loans 
Corporate loans 
Leasing 

Allowances for possible loan losses 
Allowances for possible loan losses (FX-adjusted) 
Deposits from customers 
Deposits from customer (FX-adjusted) 

Retail deposits 
Corporate deposits 

Liabilities to credit institutions 
Total shareholders' equity 

Loan Quality 

Stage 1 loan volume under IFRS 9 (in HUF million) 
Stage 1 loans under IFRS 9/gross customer loans  
Own coverage of Stage 1 loans under IFRS 9  
Stage 2 loan volume under IFRS 9 (in HUF million) 
Stage 2 loans under IFRS 9/gross customer loans  
Own coverage of Stage 2 loans under IFRS 9  
Stage 3 loan volume under IFRS 9 (in HUF million) 
Stage 3 loans under IFRS 9/gross customer loans  
Own coverage of Stage 3 loans under IFRS 9  
Provision for impairment on loan losses/average gross loans  

Performance Indicators 

ROA 
ROE 
Total income margin 
Net interest margin 
Operating costs / Average assets 
Cost/income ratio 

2022 
HUF million 
10,971 
(1,645) 
12,616 
13,930 
24,766 
22,537 
921 
1,307 
(10,836) 
(1,314) 
(1,068) 
(246) 

2023 
HUF million 
10,267 
(1,683) 
11,950 
14,954 
28,000 
26,257 
759 
983 
(13,046) 
(3,004) 
(2,800) 
(203) 

2022 

948,735 
532,054 
530,372 
516,303 
3,145 
130,664 
382,494 
(12,436) 
(12,402) 
6,151 
6,151 
3,713 
2,438 
852,738 
57,591 
2022 
453,307 
85.2% 
0.4% 
64,627 
12.1% 
4.5% 
14,120 
2.7% 
53.1% 
0.21% 
2022 
1.3% 
19.1% 
2.94% 
2.68% 
1.3% 
43.8% 

2023 

930,761 
590,510 
590,510 
576,217 
2,259 
150,495 
423,463 
(13,637) 
(13,637) 
5,028 
5,028 
2,838 
2,190 
839,730 
61,237 
2023 
533,569 
90.4% 
0.8% 
42,648 
7.2% 
7.0% 
14,293 
2.4% 
44.1% 
0.50% 
2023 
1.1% 
17.4% 
3.00% 
2.81% 
1.4% 
46.6% 

Change 
% 
(6) 
2 
(5) 
7 
13 
17 
(18) 
(25) 
20 
129 
162 
(17) 

% 

(2) 
11 
11 
12 
(28) 
15 
11 
10 
10 
(18) 
(18) 
(24) 
(10) 
(2) 
6 
%/pps 
18 
5.2 
0.4 
(34) 
(4.9) 
2.5 
1 
(0.2) 
(9.0) 
0.29 
pps 
(0.2) 
(1.8) 
0.06 
0.13 
0.1 
2.8 

In full year 2023, Merkantil Group posted HUF 10.3 billion adjusted after-tax profit, which brought its ROE 
to 17.4%.  

Operating profit grew by 7%, driven by a 13% surge in total income.  

Full-year net interest income increased by 17%, supported by the extra interest income from the placeme nt 
of liquid assets, and also because the average interest rate of the loan book increased year-on-year, thanks 
to new loan placements at higher rates and the repricing of existing loans.  

Full-year  operating  expenses  grew  by  20%,  owing  to  base  salary  hikes  and  higher  bonus  payments,  the 
increase in IT, marketing, and consulting costs, as well as higher amortization.  

The total risk costs line printed HUF 3 billion in 2023. 

The ratio of Stage 1 loans increased by 5.2 pps, to 90.4% y-o-y, while the ratio of Stage 2 loans declined 
comparably; the ratio of Stage 3 loans dropped by 0.2 pp, to 2.4% y-o-y. The Stage 1+2 portfolio’s cumulative 
own provision coverage reached 1.3%, up from 1.0% seen at the end of 2022. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

47 

 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

FX-adjusted  performing  (Stage  1+2)  loans  grew  by  12%  y-o-y;  within  that,  corporate  loans  expanded  by 
15%, while leasing exposures rose by 11%.  

In 2023, the volume of newly disbursed loans surged by 13% y-o-y, including a 27% growth in new car loan 
placements. 

Credit demand benefited from the subsidized loan facilities: under the KAVOSZ Széchenyi Card programme, 
since  the  beginning  of  the  scheme  customers  have  concluded  subsidized  loan  agreements  totalling 
HUF 127 billion (including HUF 84 billion in 2022, and HUF 43 billion in 2023) with  Merkantil Bank. Loan 
agreements under the Baross Gábor programme amounted to HUF 18 billion at the end of December.  

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

48 

 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

IFRS REPORTS OF THE MAIN FOREIGN SUBSIDIARIES OF OTP BANK 

DSK GROUP (BULGARIA) 

Performance of DSK Group: 

Main components of P&L account  

Adjusted profit after tax 

Income tax 
Profit before income tax 

Operating profit 
Total income 

Net interest income 
Net fees and commissions 
Other net non-interest income 

Operating expenses 

Total provisions 

Provision for impairment on loan losses 
Other provision 

Main components of balance sheet  
(closing balances) 

Total assets 
Gross customer loans 
Gross customer loans (FX-adjusted) 

Stage 1+2 customer loans (FX-adjusted) 

Retail loans 
Corporate loans 
Leasing 

Allowances for possible loan losses 
Allowances for possible loan losses (FX-adjusted) 
Deposits from customers 
Deposits from customers (FX-adjusted) 

Retail deposits 
Corporate deposits 

Liabilities to credit institutions 
Total shareholders' equity 

Loan Quality 

Stage 1 loan volume under IFRS 9 (in HUF million) 
Stage 1 loans under IFRS 9/gross customer loans 
Own coverage of Stage 1 loans under IFRS 9 
Stage 2 loan volume under IFRS 9 (in HUF million) 
Stage 2 loans under IFRS 9/gross customer loans 
Own coverage of Stage 2 loans under IFRS 9 
Stage 3 loan volume under IFRS 9 (in HUF million) 
Stage 3 loans under IFRS 9/gross customer loans 
Own coverage of Stage 3 loans under IFRS 9 
Provision for impairment on loan losses/average gross loans  

Performance Indicators 

ROA 
ROE 
Total income margin 
Net interest margin 
Operating costs / Average assets 
Cost/income ratio 
Net loans to deposits (FX-adjusted) 

HUF/BGN (closing) 
HUF/BGN (average) 

FX rates 

2022 
HUF million 
119,885 
(12,680) 
132,565 
142,383 
230,834 
145,461 
68,755 
16,618 
(88,451) 
(9,819) 
(10,992) 
1,173 

2022 

5,946,815 
3,584,751 
3,428,089 
3,307,240 
1,916,055 
1,124,524 
266,661 
(154,361) 
(147,621) 
4,893,078 
4,672,951 
3,833,282 
839,669 
152,193 
779,095 
2022 
3,177,291 
88.6% 
1.1% 
281,096 
7.8% 
16.0% 
126,364 
3.5% 
60.2% 
0.33% 
2022 
2.3% 
16.7% 
4.41% 
2.78% 
1.69% 
38.3% 
70% 
2022 
HUF 
204.6 
200.1 

2023 
HUF million 
201,992 
(21,740) 
223,732 
217,239 
315,981 
226,693 
72,366 
16,921 
(98,742) 
6,493 
2,779 
3,714 

2023 

6,456,668 
4,066,527 
4,066,527 
3,970,390 
2,248,406 
1,415,644 
306,339 
(125,806) 
(125,806) 
5,165,700 
5,165,700 
4,343,036 
822,664 
249,178 
890,188 
2023 
3,483,290 
85.7% 
0.7% 
487,099 
12.0% 
9.3% 
96,137 
2.4% 
57.1% 
(0.07%) 
2023 
3.3% 
25.4% 
5.24% 
3.76% 
1.64% 
31.2% 
76% 
2023 
HUF 
195.7 
195.3 

Change 
% 
68 
71 
69 
53 
37 
56 
5 
2 
12 

217 

% 

9 
13 
19 
20 
17 
26 
15 
(18) 
(15) 
6 
11 
13 
(2) 
64 
14 
%/pps 
10 
(3.0) 
(0.3) 
73 
4.1 
(6.6) 
(24) 
(1.2) 
(3.1) 
(0.40) 
pps 
1.1 
8.8 
0.83 
0.98 
(0.05) 
(7.1) 
6 
Change 
% 
(4) 
(2) 

In  2023,  DSK  Group  posted  excellent  results:  its  adjusted  profit  after  tax  jumped  by  68%,  exceeding  
HUF  200  billion,  its  ROE  surpassed  25%  with  net  interest  margin  and  cost  efficiency  indicators  both 
improving. The FX-adjusted performing loan book grew by 20%, an outstanding rate amongst OTP Group 
members, thus DSK preserved its market leader position in the Bulgarian credit market.   

The main constituents of the full-year profit improvement were net interest income growing by more than 
one and a half times and risk costs turning into positive.  

The increase in net interest income was supported by both dynamic volume growth and widening  margin; 
the  latter  largely  stemmed  from  the  gradual  repricing  of  corporate  and  leasing  exposures  priced  on  the 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

49 

 
 
 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

EURIBOR reference rates, in the wake of the rising interest rate environment. However, the increase in the 
mandatory reserve requirement rate from 10% to 12% in July 2023 had an adverse effect, as the central 
bank does not pay interest on that stock.  

Annual net fees and commissions rose by 5%, and other income grew by 2% last year.   

In 2023 operating expenses grew by 12%, while the average rate of inflation was 9.5% in 2023, and nominal 
wages may have grown by more than 13% in the economy. DSK’s personnel expenses grew 14%, owing to 
the  implemented  wage  increases  and  the  higher  bonus  payments,  while  the  annual  average  number  of 
employees  dropped  by  7%,  predominantly  because  DSK  Bank  sold  its  subsidiary  providing  security  and 
ATM services. The increase in other expenses can be partly attributable to higher consulting and marketing 
expenses, as well as to supervisory fees. The annual cost/income ratio improved by 7 pps, to near 31%, 
which is one of the best among Group members.  

In  full  year  2023  the  total  risk cost  line  printed  HUF 6.5  billion  positive  amount,  as  opposed  to  -HUF  9.8 
billion in the base period. Within that, the positive sign of credit-related risk costs was predominantly because 
of the release owing to the improving macro expectations. The positive amount of other risk costs was due 
to the contraction in repo volumes and to the release of provisions for interbank exposures. 

The ratio of Stage 3 loans dropped by 1.2 pps y-o-y, to 2.4%. However, the ratio of Stage 2 loans increased 
by  4.1  pps  y-o-y,  to  12%,  largely  because  a  more  advanced  Stage  2  classification  and  impairment 
methodology was introduced in the fourth quarter. As a result,  HUF 170 billion worth of loans were shifted 
from Stage 1 into Stage 2 category.  

DSK  Bank’s  performing  (Stage  1+2)  loans  grew  by  20%  y-o-y  (FX-adjusted),  the  second  strongest  pace 
within  OTP  Group.  All  segments  posted  robust  performance:  mortgage  loans  jumped  by  23%,  consumer 
loans grew by 13%, corporate and MSE loans surged by 24%, while leasing exposures increased by 15%. 
It is noteworthy that new mortgage loan placements jumped by  almost 30% y-o-y, within that in 4Q almost 
by two-thirds; in 2023 as a whole the placement of new cash loans grew 10% y-o-y, but surged in excess of 
40% y-o-y in the fourth quarter. 

The deposit book’s growth continued: the full-year volume growth  was 11% (FX-adjusted). The  net loan  to 
deposit ratio rose by 6 pps y-o-y, to 76%. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

50 

  
 
OTP BANK 

OTP BANK SLOVENIA 

Performance of OTP Bank Slovenia: 

Main components of P&L account 

Adjusted profit after tax 

Income tax 
Profit before income tax 

Operating profit 
Total income 

Net interest income 
Net fees and commissions 
Other net non-interest income 

Operating expenses 

Total provisions 

Provision for impairment on loan losses 
Other provision 

Main components of balance sheet  
(closing balances) 

Total assets 
Gross customer loans 
Gross customer loans (FX-adjusted) 

Stage 1+2 customer loans (FX-adjusted) 

Retail loans 
Corporate loans 
Leasing 

Allowances for possible loan losses 
Allowances for possible loan losses (FX-adjusted) 
Deposits from customers 
Deposits from customers (FX-adjusted) 

Retail deposits 
Corporate deposits 

Liabilities to credit institutions 
Issued securities 
Subordinated debt 
Total shareholders' equity 

Loan Quality 

Stage 1 loan volume under IFRS 9 (in HUF million) 
Stage 1 loans under IFRS 9/gross customer loans  
Own coverage of Stage 1 loans under IFRS 9  
Stage 2 loan volume under IFRS 9 (in HUF million) 
Stage 2 loans under IFRS 9/gross customer loans  
Own coverage of Stage 2 loans under IFRS 9  
Stage 3 loan volume under IFRS 9 (in HUF million) 
Stage 3 loans under IFRS 9/gross customer loans  
Own coverage of Stage 3 loans under IFRS 9  
Provision for impairment on loan losses/average gross loans  
90+ days past due loan volume (in HUF million) 
90+ days past due loans/gross customer loans  

Performance Indicators 

ROA 
ROE 
Total income margin 
Net interest margin 
Operating costs / Average assets 
Cost/income ratio 
Net loans to deposits (FX-adjusted) 

HUF/EUR (closing) 
HUF/EUR (average) 

FX rates 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

2022 
HUF million 
23,860 
(5,710) 
29,570 
24,046 
51,403 
33,688 
15,416 
2,299 
(27,357) 
5,523 
7,048 
(1,525) 

2023  
HUF million 
128,730 
(8,672) 
137,402 
140,717 
223,315 
171,703 
46,028 
5,584 
(82,598) 
(3,316) 
(2,485) 
(831) 

2022 

2023 

1,790,944 
1,204,641 
1,152,296 
1,138,715 
528,839 
431,826 
178,050 
(14,637) 
(14,008) 
1,466,625 
1,402,728 
1,008,169 
394,560 
68,172 
0 
32,025 
194,843 
2022 
1,062,588 
88.2% 
0.2% 
127,866 
10.6% 
2.4% 
14,188 
1.2% 
68.4% 
(0.61%) 
5,831 
0.5% 
2022 
1.5% 
12.8% 
3.25% 
2.13% 
1.73% 
53.2% 
81% 
2022 
HUF 
400.3 
391.3 

5,892,803 
2,796,313 
2,796,313 
2,752,055 
1,342,421 
1,220,889 
188,745 
(33,587) 
(33,587) 
4,583,072 
4,583,072 
3,580,837 
1,002,235 
131,375 
335,400 
63,167 
669,622 
2023 
2,514,261 
89.9% 
0.3% 
237,794 
8.5% 
3.4% 
44,258 
1.6% 
41.4% 
0.09% 
15,871 
0.6% 
2023 
2.5% 
22.6% 
4.31% 
3.31% 
1.59% 
37.0% 
60% 
2023 
HUF 
382.8 
381.9 

Change 
% 
440 
52 
365 
485 
334 
410 
199 
143 
202 

(46) 

% 

229 
132 
143 
142 
154 
183 
6 
129 
140 
212 
227 
255 
154 
93 

97 
244 
%/pps 
137 
1.7 
0.1 
86 
(2.1) 
0.9 
212 
0.4 
(27.0) 
0.71 
172 
0.1 
pps 
1.0 
9.8 
1.06 
1.18 
(0.14) 
(16.2) 
(21) 
Change 
% 
(4) 
(2) 

The  financial  closure  of  the  transaction  related  to  the  purchase  of  Nova  KBM  d.d.  was  completed  on  6 
February 2023. The balance sheet and P&L figures of the purchased bank have been included into OTP 
Group’s consolidated figures since February 2023.  

The  Slovenian  P&L  account  was  adjusted  for  the  one-off  items  directly  related  to  the  acquisition;  these 
corrections are shown at consolidated level, among adjustment items. The balance sheet components were 
not adjusted for these effects. 

In  2023,  the  combined  performance  of  OTP  Group’s  Slovenian  operation  posted  the  second  strongest 
result among foreign subsidiary banks, following Bulgaria’s DSK. The HUF 129 billion profit after tax includes 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

51 

 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

SKB’s 12-month (HUF 32.8 billion), and NKBM’s 11-month result. The 22.6% full-year ROE exceeded the 
sector’s profitability.  

The  37%  cost/income  ratio,  which  does  not  include  synergy  effects  yet,  is  markedly  below  the  Group 
average. In 2023, total income margin (4.31%) improved by more than 1 pp y-o-y, as did net interest margin 
(3.31%);  the  latter  benefited  from  the  higher  interest  rate  environment,  and  from  the  active  liquid   asset 
management.  

The aggregated performing loan volumes organically declined y-o-y, similarly to deposits, but the Slovenian 
operation is still market leader in net loans to  and deposits from customers. In 2023, NBKM successfully 
issued EUR 400 million worth of MREL-eligible Senior Preferred bonds (3NC2 tenor). 

The  legal  and  organizational  integration  of  SKB  and  Nova  KBM  began  in  February  2023,  and  the 
management expects it to be completed in September 2024.  

To counterbalance the damages caused by the flood in August, Slovenia’s government introduced a lot of 
measures:  first,  affected  individuals  and  companies  could  opt  for  a  12-month  payment  moratorium,  the 
application  deadline  was  31  December  2023;  in  accordance  with  the  low  participation  rate,  the  negative 
result effect is immaterial. Second, banks are obliged to pay bank tax for five years, the rate is 0.2% of the 
total assets. In the case of the Slovenian operation, this is likely to amount to about EUR 30 million per year, 
which is deductible form the corporate tax income base. The tax is due from 2025, but the Bank  will make 
accruals in each quarter of 2024 for the expected amount of the tax  to be paid in 2025. Last, the corporate 
tax income rate increased from 19% to 22% for five years, starting from 2024.  

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

52 

 
 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

OTP BANK CROATIA 

Performance of OTP Bank Croatia: 

Main components of P&L account  

Adjusted profit after tax  

Income tax 
Profit before income tax 

Operating profit 
Total income 

Net interest income 
Net fees and commissions 
Other net non-interest income 

Operating expenses 

Total provisions 

Provision for impairment on loan losses 
Other provision 

Main components of balance sheet  
closing balances in HUF million 

Total assets 
Gross customer loans 
Gross customer loans (FX-adjusted) 

Stage 1+2 customer loans (FX-adjusted) 

Retail loans 
Corporate loans 
Leasing 

Allowances for possible loan losses 
Allowances for possible loan losses (FX-adjusted) 
Deposits from customers 
Deposits from customers (FX-adjusted) 

Retail deposits 
Corporate deposits 

Liabilities to credit institutions 
Subordinated debt 
Total shareholders' equity 

Loan Quality 

Stage 1 loan volume under IFRS 9 (in HUF million) 
Stage 1 loans under IFRS 9/gross customer loans  
Own coverage of Stage 1 loans under IFRS 9  
Stage 2 loan volume under IFRS 9 (in HUF million) 
Stage 2 loans under IFRS 9/gross customer loans  
Own coverage of Stage 2 loans under IFRS 9  
Stage 3 loan volume under IFRS 9 (in HUF million) 
Stage 3 loans under IFRS 9/gross customer loans  
Own coverage of Stage 3 loans under IFRS 9  
Provision for impairment on loan losses/average gross loans  

Performance Indicators 

ROA 
ROE 
Total income margin 
Net interest margin 
Operating costs / Average assets 
Cost/income ratio 
Net loans to deposits (FX-adjusted) 

FX rates 

HUF/HRK (closing) 
HUF/HRK (average) 
HUF/EUR (closing) 
HUF/EUR (average) 

2022 
HUF million 
42,801 
(9,294) 
52,095 
49,013 
102,042 
70,547 
24,692 
6,803 
(53,029) 
3,082 
7,102 
(4,020) 

2023 
HUF million 
53,959 
(11,786) 
65,744 
66,742 
122,951 
90,996 
25,661 
6,295 
(56,210) 
(997) 
721 
(1,718) 

Change 
% 
26 
27 
26 
36 
20 
29 
4 
(7) 
6 
(132) 
(90) 
(57) 

2022 

2023 

% 

3,224,955 
2,263,825 
2,165,191 
2,058,545 
1,028,471 
888,397 
141,677 
(108,490) 
(103,791) 
2,381,977 
2,275,058 
1,696,769 
578,288 
337,047 
24,356 
390,583 
2022 
1,886,633 
83.3% 
0.5% 
265,568 
11.7% 
7.3% 
111,624 
4.9% 
70.6% 
(0.34%) 
2022 
1.5% 
11.4% 
3.51% 
2.43% 
1.83% 
52.0% 
91% 
2022 
HUF 
53.1 
51.9 
400.3 
391.3 

3,278,199 
2,311,788 
2,311,788 
2,221,514 
1,164,441 
880,471 
176,602 
(97,835) 
(97,835) 
2,385,223 
2,385,223 
1,742,124 
643,099 
373,142 
23,438 
403,487 
2023 
1,932,763 
83.6% 
0.6% 
288,751 
12.5% 
7.6% 
90,274 
3.9% 
72.0% 
(0.03%) 
2023 
1.8% 
14.2% 
4.04% 
2.99% 
1.85% 
45.7% 
93% 
2023 
HUF 

2 
2 
7 
8 
13 
(1) 
25 
(10) 
(6) 
0 
5 
3 
11 
11 
(4) 
3 
%/pps 
2 
0.3 
0.0 
9 
0.8 
0.3 
(19) 
(1.0) 
1.4 
0.31 
pps 
0.3 
2.8 
0.53 
0.56 
0.02 
(6.3) 
2 
Change 
% 

382.8 
381.9 

(4) 
(2) 

The  Croatian  bank  generated  HUF  54  billion  profit  after  tax  in  2023  as  its  profit  jumped  by  nearly  30%  
y-o-y, bringing the ROE above 14%. The growth in annual profit was shaped by multiple factors: first, the 
bank’s operating profit strengthened by 36%, thanks to the dynamic improvemen t in  net interest income, 
while  the  strict  cost  control  resulted  in  lower  cost/income  ratio;  however,  the  balance  of  risk  costs 
deteriorated. 

Net  interest  income  grew  by  29%  last  year,  driven  by  an  8%  increase  in  performing  loans,  as  well  as  a  
56 bps y-o-y improvement in net interest margin, amid the rising interest rate environment.  Twelve-month 
net fees and commissions increased by 4% y-o-y, other revenues declined by 7% y-o-y.  

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

53 

 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

In 2023, operating expenses exceeded the previous year’s level by 6%, while average annual inflation was 
more  than  8%.  Other  expenses  rose  by  5%,  at  a  lower  rate  than  inflation;  the  effect  of  higher  marketing 
expenses and training costs was offset by the base effect of expert fees in 2022 in connection with euro 
adoption. Personnel expenses grew by 8%, as a result of an increase in the average number of employees, 
a rise in base salary, and higher bonus payments, particularly in the fourth quarter. Overall,  the cost/income 
ratio improved by 6.3 pps, to 45.7% last year.  

Following the HUF 3 billion positive amount in 2022, total risk costs amounted to  -HUF 1 billion in 2023.  

The ratio of Stage 3 loans declined by 1.0 pp y-o-y, making up 3.9% of the portfolio at the end of December. 
This was supported by both the loan portfolio’s overall improvement and a healed corporate loan previously 
classified as Stage 3. The own provision coverage of Stage 3 loans improved further: it hit 72.0% (+1.4 pps 
y-o-y) at the end of December. 

Performing  (Stage  1+2)  loans  grew  by  an  FX-adjusted  8%  y-o-y.  The  retail  segment’s  y-o-y  expansion 
continued to benefit from the subsidized housing loan facility for first -home-buyers, in a scheme restarted 
on 21  March 2022; thus the share of this subsidized product within  the full-year retail loan disbursement 
reached 28.5%. The corporate loan book stagnated y-o-y. 

FX-adjusted deposit volumes expanded by 5% in full-year 2023 but stagnated in the fourth quarter. Despite 
the better returns on alternative savings forms, retail deposits increased by 3% y-o-y in FX-adjusted terms. 
Corporate  deposit  volumes  grew  dynamically  in  the  second  half  of  the  year,  showing  a  growth  of  11%  
y-o-y. The Bank’s net loan/deposit ratio rose by 2 pps y-o-y, to 93% at the end of December. 

On 1 January 2023, Croatia adopted the euro. The necessary conversion of loan and deposit volumes, as 
well as the smooth transition of the bank’s IT systems were all successfully accomplished.   

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

54 

 
OTP BANK 

OTP BANK SERBIA 

Performance of OTP Bank Serbia: 

Main components of P&L account 

Adjusted profit after tax 

Income tax 
Profit before income tax 

Operating profit 
Total income 

Net interest income 
Net fees and commissions 
Other net non-interest income 

Operating expenses 

Total provisions 

Provision for impairment on loan losses 
Other provision 

Main components of balance sheet  
(closing balances) 

Total assets 
Gross customer loans 
Gross customer loans (FX-adjusted) 

Stage 1+2 customer loans (FX-adjusted) 

Retail loans 
Corporate loans 
Leasing 

Allowances for possible loan losses 
Allowances for possible loan losses (FX-adjusted) 
Deposits from customers 
Deposits from customers (FX-adjusted) 

Retail deposits 
Corporate deposits 

Liabilities to credit institutions 
Total shareholders' equity 

Loan Quality 

Stage 1 loan volume under IFRS 9 (in HUF million) 
Stage 1 loans under IFRS 9/gross customer loans  
Own coverage of Stage 1 loans under IFRS 9  
Stage 2 loan volume under IFRS 9 (in HUF million) 
Stage 2 loans under IFRS 9/gross customer loans  
Own coverage of Stage 2 loans under IFRS 9  
Stage 3 loan volume under IFRS 9 (in HUF million) 
Stage 3 loans under IFRS 9/gross customer loans  
Own coverage of Stage 3 loans under IFRS 9  
Provision for impairment on loan losses/average gross loans  

Performance Indicators 

ROA 
ROE 
Total income margin 
Net interest margin 
Operating costs / Average assets 
Cost/income ratio 
Net loans to deposits (FX-adjusted) 

FX rates 

HUF/RSD (closing) 
HUF/RSD (average) 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

2022 
HUF million 
36,873 
(6,118) 
42,991 
58,544 
104,524 
76,635 
17,954 
9,934 
(45,980) 
(15,553) 
(14,422) 
(1,131) 

2022 

2,708,993 
2,038,480 
1,951,119 
1,901,668 
868,659 
937,436 
95,573 
(62,386) 
(59,754) 
1,551,143 
1,485,623 
831,288 
654,335 
682,615 
358,120 
2022 
1,764,677 
86.6% 
0.9% 
222,202 
10.9% 
7.0% 
51,601 
2.5% 
59.8% 
0.74% 
2022 
1.5% 
10.9% 
4.14% 
3.03% 
1.82% 
44.0% 
127% 
2022 
HUF 
3.4 
3.3 

2023 
HUF million 
68,026 
(10,621) 
78,646 
83,732 
133,589 
104,050 
18,419 
11,120 
(49,856) 
(5,086) 
(2,293) 
(2,793) 

2023 

2,874,794 
1,978,855 
1,978,855 
1,921,146 
875,664 
951,833 
93,648 
(66,259) 
(66,259) 
1,868,078 
1,868,078 
936,937 
931,140 
506,900 
368,344 
2023 
1,661,365 
84.0% 
0.7% 
259,780 
13.1% 
6.7% 
57,710 
2.9% 
63.8% 
0.12% 
2023 
2.5% 
19.4% 
4.98% 
3.88% 
1.86% 
37.3% 
102% 
2023 
HUF 
3.3 
3.3 

Change 
% 
84 
74 
83 
43 
28 
36 
3 
12 
8 
(67) 
(84) 
147 

% 

6 
(3) 
1 
1 
1 
2 
(2) 
6 
11 
20 
26 
13 
42 
(26) 
3 
%/pps 
(6) 
(2.6) 
(0.2) 
17 
2.2 
(0.3) 
12 
0.4 
4.1 
(0.62) 
pps 
1.1 
8.5 
0.84 
0.85 
0.04 
(6.7) 
(25) 
Change 
% 
(4) 
(2) 

The  Serbian  banking  group’s  adjusted  profit  after  tax  jumped  by  more  than  80%  y-o-y,  to  more  than 
HUF 68 billion in 2023. The P&L developments were shaped by the dynamic improvement in operating profit 
(+43% y-o-y) as well as by the decline in risk costs, to a third of the previous year’s level; this brought the 
return on equity ratio to 19.4% (+8.5 pps y-o-y). 

Total income grew impressively (+28% y-o-y) in the full year. Within that, net interest income surged by 36%: 
FX-adjusted  performing  loan  volumes  stagnated,  but  the  rising  RSD  and  EUR  interest  rate  environment 
made its impact through the gradual repricing of predominantly variable rate loans.   

The  National  Bank  of  Serbia’s  resolution  of  11  September  2023  obligated  banks  to  impose  a  4.08% 
temporary cap on existing variable rate housing loans amounting to less than EUR 200,000, and to impose 
a 5.03% cap on newly disbursed fixed rate loans. Interest rates shall be frozen for 15 months, from October 
2023 to the  end of year 2024. The  measure’s expected impact was recorded  as a lump sum  in the third 
quarter of 2023, among adjustment items presented at consolidated level.  

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

55 

 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

Twelve-month net fees and commissions rose by 3% y-o-y. 

The annual average rate of inflation was above 10% in 2023; in the high inflationary environment, annual 
operating expenses grew by 11% y-o-y in local currency. Almost 60% of the expense growth was caused 
by higher personnel expenses, triggered by wage inflation and higher bonus payments, while the number of 
employees  was  stable  y-o-y  (on  FTE  basis).  Cost  efficiency  indicators  further  improved;  the  annual 
cost/income ratio (37.3%) was one of the lowest among group members. 

In full year 2023, nearly HUF 5.1 billion total risk cost weighed on profit, as opposed to HUF 15.6 billion in 
the base period. Within that, credit risk costs fell by more than 80% y -o-y, because of the releases made in 
the third and fourth quarters of 2023. The y-o-y jump in other risk costs was related to provisions for interbank 
exposures and litigations. 

The performing (Stage 1+2) FX-adjusted loan volume y-o-y stagnated. Within that, mortgage loans declined 
throughout last year in the rising interest rate environment, but the growing demand caused by the interest 
rate cap reversed the downtrend in the fourth quarter. Despite the stricter lending conditions, the consumer 
loan book increased y-o-y (+4%), largely driven by cash loans’ and car loans’ growth. The corporate loan 
book’s expansion continued, too.  

The deposit stock surged by 26% y-o-y (FX-adjusted), primarily driven by deposits from large corporations. 
The bank’s net loan/deposit ratio declined by 25 pps y-o-y, to 102%, while interbank funds’ volume  fell by 
26% y-o-y. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

56 

 
OTP BANK 

OTP BANK ALBANIA 

Performance of OTP Bank Albania: 

Main components of P&L account 

Adjusted profit after tax 

Income tax 
Profit before income tax 

Operating profit 
Total income 

Net interest income 
Net fees and commissions 
Other net non-interest income 

Operating expenses 

Total provisions 

Provision for impairment on loan losses 
Other provision 

Main components of balance sheet  
(closing balances) 

Total assets 
Gross customer loans 
Gross customer loans (FX-adjusted) 

Stage 1+2 customer loans (FX-adjusted) 

Retail loans 
Corporate loans 
Leasing 

Allowances for possible loan losses 
Allowances for possible loan losses (FX-adjusted) 
Deposits from customers 
Deposits from customers (FX-adjusted) 

Retail deposits 
Corporate deposits 

Liabilities to credit institutions 
Subordinated debt 
Total shareholders' equity 

Loan Quality 

Stage 1 loan volume under IFRS 9 (in HUF million) 
Stage 1 loans under IFRS 9/gross customer loans  
Own coverage of Stage 1 loans under IFRS 9  
Stage 2 loan volume under IFRS 9 (in HUF million) 
Stage 2 loans under IFRS 9/gross customer loans  
Own coverage of Stage 2 loans under IFRS 9  
Stage 3 loan volume under IFRS 9 (in HUF million) 
Stage 3 loans under IFRS 9/gross customer loans  
Own coverage of Stage 3 loans under IFRS 9  
Provision for impairment on loan losses/average gross loans  

Performance Indicators  

ROA 
ROE 
Total income margin 
Net interest margin 
Operating costs / Average assets 
Cost/income ratio 
Net loans to deposits (FX-adjusted) 

HUF/ALL (closing) 
HUF/ALL (average) 

FX rates 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

2022 
HUF million 
10,175 
(2,013) 
12,188 
9,335 
20,232 
16,927 
3,067 
238 
(10,896) 
2,852 
2,505 
347 

2023 
HUF million 
15,032 
(3,140) 
18,173 
18,269 
33,387 
27,912 
3,729 
1,746 
(15,118) 
(96) 
108 
(204) 

2022 

635,364 
370,875 
369,116 
350,663 
158,940 
187,729 
3,994 
(16,208) 
(16,264) 
516,668 
515,946 
447,918 
68,029 
30,279 
0 
60,827 
2022 
318,215 
85.8% 
1.0% 
34,417 
9.3% 
9.4% 
18,243 
4.9% 
54.4% 
(0.83%) 
2022 
2.0% 
21.1% 
4.07% 
3.40% 
2.19% 
53.9% 
68% 
2022 
HUF 
3.5 
3.1 

2023 

669,765 
367,947 
367,947 
345,171 
161,834 
177,640 
5,696 
(17,690) 
(17,690) 
547,854 
547,854 
470,591 
77,263 
8,138 
2,861 
81,102 
2023 
312,494 
84.9% 
0.9% 
32,677 
8.9% 
8.2% 
22,776 
6.2% 
53.3% 
(0.03%) 
2023 
2.3% 
21.1% 
5.19% 
4.34% 
2.35% 
45.3% 
64% 
2023 
HUF 
3.7 
3.4 

Change 
% 
48 
56 
49 
96 
65 
65 
22 

39 
(103) 
(96) 

% 

5 
(1) 
0 
(2) 
2 
(5) 
43 
9 
9 
6 
6 
5 
14 
(73) 
(100) 
33 
%/pps 
(2) 
(0.9) 
0.0 
(5) 
(0.4) 
(1.2) 
25 
1.3 
(1.1) 
0.80 
pps 
0.3 
0.0 
1.13 
0.94 
0.16 
(8.6) 
(4) 
Change 
% 
5 
9 

The consolidated financial statements include the acquired Alpha Bank Albania SH.A. bank’s balance sheet 
from July 2022, while its profit contribution was consolidated starting from August. 

On  1  December  2022,  Albania’s  Court  of  Registration  registered  the  merger  of  Alpha  Bank  Albania  and 
Banka OTP Albania. 

The Albanian P&L account was adjusted for the one-off items directly related to the  acquisition; they are 
presented  at  consolidated  level  among  the  adjustment  items.  The  balance  sheet  components  were  not 
adjusted for these effects. 

In 2023, OTP Bank Albania generated HUF 15 billion profit after tax (+50% q-o-q; in local currency +44%), 
which brought ROE above 21%.  

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

57 

 
 
 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

Most of the change in the P&L lines for last year was induced by the acquisition.  

Based  on  the  latest  data, the  bank’s  market  share  by  total  assets  exceeded  9%,  which  makes  it  the  fifth 
largest bank in the country. At the end of the year, the number of bank branches was 50, eleven units more 
than before the acquisition 2Q 2022, while the number of employees was more than 700, 57% higher than 
before the acquisition. Still, the bank’s cost efficiency has improved by 8.6 pps, thus t he cost/income ratio 
stood at 45.3% in full year 2023. 

In local currency full-year operating profit grew by 84%, chiefly as a result of the acquisition, owing to the 
56%  surge  in  total  income,  and  a  33%  growth  in  operating  expenses.  Net  interest  income  grew  by  57% 
y-o-y  partly  a  result  of  the  acquisition,  and  in  part  due  to  the  repricing  of  the  loan  portfolio  in  the  higher 
interest rate environment, helping the interest margin (4.34%) improve in 2023 (+94 bps y -o-y). The full-year 
net fees and commissions increased by 16%, while other income grew sixfold, largely because the ALL/EUR 
rate appreciated more than in the previous period, and also driven by the inclusion of Alpha Bank Albania.  

In 2023 risk cost was near zero, as opposed to the release made a year earlier. 

Overall, the FX-adjusted stock of performing (Stage 1+2) loans declined by 2% in 2023 as a result of a 2% 
rise in retail loans and a 5% drop in corporate ones.  

The FX-adjusted volume of deposits from customers grew by 6% y-o-y, as retail deposits increased by 5%, 
and corporate deposits expanded by 14%.  

Liabilities to credit institutions declined by 73% y-o-y, at the same time, intragroup financing also dropped. 
The  amount  on  the  subordinated  debt  line  is  related  to  the  Tier  2  bond  issued  in  the  amount  of 
EUR 7.5 million in December 2023. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

58 

 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

CKB GROUP (MONTENEGRO) 

Performance of CKB Group: 

Main components of P&L account 

Adjusted profit after tax 

Income tax 
Profit before income tax 

Operating profit 
Total income 

Net interest income 
Net fees and commissions 
Other net non-interest income 

Operating expenses 

Total provisions 

Provision for impairment on loan losses 
Other provision 

Main components of balance sheet  
(closing balances) 

Total assets 
Gross customer loans 
Gross customer loans (FX-adjusted) 

Stage 1+2 customer loans (FX-adjusted) 

Retail loans 
Corporate loans 

Allowances for possible loan losses 
Allowances for possible loan losses (FX-adjusted) 
Deposits from customers 
Deposits from customers (FX-adjusted) 

Retail deposits 
Corporate deposits 

Liabilities to credit institutions 
Total shareholders' equity 

Loan Quality 

Stage 1 loan volume under IFRS 9 (in HUF million) 
Stage 1 loans under IFRS 9/gross customer loans  
Own coverage of Stage 1 loans under IFRS 9  
Stage 2 loan volume under IFRS 9 (in HUF million) 
Stage 2 loans under IFRS 9/gross customer loans  
Own coverage of Stage 2 loans under IFRS 9  
Stage 3 loan volume under IFRS 9 (in HUF million) 
Stage 3 loans under IFRS 9/gross customer loans  
Own coverage of Stage 3 loans under IFRS 9  
Provision for impairment on loan losses/average gross loans  

Performance Indicators  

ROA 
ROE 
Total income margin 
Net interest margin 
Operating costs / Average assets 
Cost/income ratio 
Net loans to deposits (FX-adjusted) 

HUF/EUR (closing) 
HUF/EUR (average) 

FX rates 

2022 
HUF million 
9,791 
(2,184) 
11,975 
15,133 
28,816 
20,832 
7,106 
878 
(13,683) 
(3,158) 
639 
(3,797) 

2023 
HUF million 
21,814 
(3,923) 
25,737 
23,537 
38,363 
29,717 
7,797 
848 
(14,826) 
2,200 
2,929 
(728) 

2022 

664,395 
447,921 
428,371 
407,343 
185,443 
221,900 
(21,893) 
(20,937) 
524,479 
501,225 
276,382 
224,843 
12,443 
99,131 
2022 
389,640 
87.0% 
1.2% 
36,294 
8.1% 
8.9% 
21,987 
4.9% 
64.4% 
(0.15%) 
2022 
1.6% 
10.9% 
4.84% 
3.50% 
2.30% 
47.5% 
81% 
2022 
Ft 
400.3 
384.9 

2023 

663,676 
452,493 
452,493 
433,473 
212,758 
220,715 
(17,625) 
(17,625) 
520,168 
520,168 
325,770 
194,398 
2,309 
113,004 
2023 
399,886 
88.4% 
0.8% 
33,587 
7.4% 
5.1% 
19,020 
4.2% 
67.2% 
(0.67%) 
2023 
3.5% 
21.0% 
6.10% 
4.73% 
2.36% 
38.6% 
84% 
2023 
Ft 
382.8 
381.9 

Change 
% 
123 
80 
115 
56 
33 
43 
10 
(3) 
8 

(81) 

% 

0 
1 
6 
6 
15 
(1) 
(19) 
(16) 
(1) 
4 
18 
(14) 
(81) 
14 
%/pps 
3 
1.4 
(0.4) 
(7) 
(0.7) 
(3.7) 
(13) 
(0.7) 
2.9 
(0.52) 
pps 
1.8 
10.1 
1.27 
1.23 
0.06 
(8.8) 
2 
Change 
% 
(4) 
(1) 

In 2023, the Montenegrin CKB Group generated HUF 21.8 billion profit after-tax, twice as much as in the 
base period. This brought its ROE to 21%. The improvement in the full-year result stemmed from 47% higher 
net interest income in local currency terms and positive risk costs.  

In full year 2023, total income grew by 37% y-o-y in local currency, supported by the 47% jump in net interest 
income, as well as a 13% increase in net fee and commission income, while other income was stable. The 
increase in interest income stemmed from the repricing of previously disbursed loans (mostly in the case of 
corporate  and  consumer  loans),  but  the  higher  interest  rate  of  newly  disbursed  loans  also  had  a  benign 
effect. As a result, net interest margin maintained the improving trend , thus it rose  by 1.23 pps to 4.73% 
y-o-y. 

The bank’s cost efficiency improved in 2023, just like in recent years; the cost to income ratio dropped by 
8.8 pps, to 38.6% y-o-y. Operating expenses increased by 11% in EUR terms in 2023, a third of which was 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

59 

 
 
 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

caused by elevated wages and wage-like payments, while the rise in other expenses stemmed from higher 
expert fees and supervisory charges. 

In 2023, total risk cost amounted to +HUF 2.2 billion. 

The ratio of Stage 3 loans declined to 4.2% (-0.7 pp y-o-y); their own provision coverage stood at 67.2% 
(+2.9 pps y-o-y) at the end of the year.  

Performing (Stage 1+2) loan volumes rose by an FX-adjusted 6% y-o-y, thanks to a 10% surge in mortgage 
loans and a 17% jump in consumer loans.  

The FX-adjusted deposit volumes grew by 4% y-o-y, driven by the 11% increase in household deposits, and 
a 50% jump in MSE deposits. The net loan/deposit ratio stood at 84% at the end of the  year (+2 pps y-o-y). 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

60 

 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

IPOTEKA BANK (UZBEKISTAN) 

Performance of Ipoteka Bank (Uzbekistan): 

Main components of P&L account  

Adjusted profit after tax 

Income tax 
Profit before income tax 

Operating profit 
Total income 

Net interest income 
Net fees and commissions 
Other net non-interest income 

Operating expenses 

Total provisions 

Provision for impairment on loan losses 
Other provision 

Main components of balance sheet  
(closing balances) 

Total assets 
Gross customer loans 
Gross customer loans (FX-adjusted) 

Stage 1+2 customer loans (FX-adjusted) 

Retail loans 
Corporate loans 
Leasing 

Allowances for possible loan losses 
Allowances for possible loan losses (FX-adjusted) 
Deposits from customers 
Deposits from customers (FX-adjusted) 

Retail deposits 
Corporate deposits 

Liabilities to credit institutions 
Issued securities 
Subordinated debt 
Total shareholders' equity 

Loan Quality 

Stage 1 loan volume under IFRS 9 (in HUF million) 
Stage 1 loans under IFRS 9/gross customer loans  
Own coverage of Stage 1 loans under IFRS 9  
Stage 2 loan volume under IFRS 9 (in HUF million) 
Stage 2 loans under IFRS 9/gross customer loans  
Own coverage of Stage 2 loans under IFRS 9  
Stage 3 loan volume under IFRS 9 (in HUF million) 
Stage 3 loans under IFRS 9/gross customer loans  
Own coverage of Stage 3 loans under IFRS 9  
Provision for impairment on loan losses/average gross loans  

Performance Indicators 

ROA 
ROE 
Total income margin 
Net interest margin 
Operating costs / Average assets 
Cost/income ratio 
Net loans to deposits (FX-adjusted) 

HUF/1,000 UZS (closing) 
HUF/1,000 UZS (average) 

FX rates 

2023 
HUF million 
(21,857) 
(3,381) 
(18,475) 
33,708 
59,655 
46,123 
5,261 
8,270 
(25,946) 
(52,184) 
(51,354) 
(830) 

2023 

1,187,368 
961,533 
961,533 
847,183 
715,113 
132,070 
0 
(96,738) 
(96,738) 
327,161 
327,161 
237,467 
89,694 
561,466 
121,082 
12,162 
145,941 
2023 
687,252 
71.5% 
2.7% 
159,931 
16.6% 
21.6% 
114,350 
11.9% 
38.0% 
10.03% 
2023 
(3.3%) 
(23.1%) 
9.09% 
7.03% 
4.0% 
43.5% 
264% 
2023 
HUF 
28.1 
30.9 

In line with the sale and purchase agreement concluded on 12 December 2022 between OTP Bank and  the 
Ministry  of  Economy  and  Finance  of  the  Republic  of  Uzbekistan,  the  first  step  of  the  transaction  was 
completed on 13 June 2023. Consequently, OTP Bank became the majority shareholder of Ipoteka Bank by 
acquiring a 73.71% stake, and became indirect shareholder of Ipoteka Bank’s wholly -owned subsidiaries. 
In the second step of the transaction, the shares that remained in the owners hip of the Ministry of Economy 
and Finance of the Republic of Uzbekistan will be bought three years after the first step.  

The balance sheet of Ipoteka Bank was consolidated in the second quarter but its P&L was presented in 
OTP Group's adjusted P&L only starting from the third quarter of 2023. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

61 

 
 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

The P&L account was adjusted for the one-off items directly related to the acquisition; they are presented 
at consolidated level among the adjustment items.  The balance sheet components were not adjusted for 
these effects. 

By purchasing  Ipoteka Bank, OTP Group entered the Central Asian region, and became the first foreign 
player to participate in the privatization of Uzbekistan’s banking sector. 

Pursuant to its agreement with the Republic of Uzbekistan, OTP Bank increa sed Ipoteka Bank’s capital by  
UZS  844.6  billion  (about  USD  68.5  million),  which  was  registered  on  25  December  2023.  With  this, 
OTP Bank’s ownership stake increased to 79.58%. 

Based on end-2023 data, Ipoteka Bank was the fifth largest bank in Uzbekistan, with 7.3 % market share by 
total assets. The Bank had almost 1.8 million retail customers at the end of 2023; since the acquisition, their 
number  grew  by  20%,  as  a  result  of  reshaping  the  incentive  scheme  for  branches.  At  the  end  of  2023, 
Ipoteka Bank had 39 branches and employed more than 4,400 people. 

At the end of 2023, total assets amounted to HUF 1,188 billion, including HUF 962 billion worth of performing 
loans.  In  FX-adjusted  terms,  performing  loans  have  been  overall  stable  since  the  end  of  June;  but  it  is 
favourable  within that, the household segment’s 41% growth was outstanding. Since the Bank was added 
to the Group, mortgage loans have increased by 15%, while consumer loans have more than doubled. The 
improvement in consumer loans owed a lot to the doubling of cash loan volumes, and the quadrupling of car 
loans.  

The  deposit  book  reached  HUF  327  billion  at  the  end  of  2023.  Retail  deposits  rose  by  8%  q -o-q,  and 
corporate  deposits  grew  by  42%.  These  developments  were  primarily  due  to  a  greater  focus  on  deposit 
collection and, in connection with this, the restructuring of the branch incentive  scheme. 

At the end of the year, the net loan/deposit ratio stood at  264%. The Bank’s liability structure continued to 
heavily  rely  on  largely  state  funding  sources,  which  typically  finance  subsidized  loans:  liabilities  to  credit 
institutions 
up  
HUF 561 billion in the bank’s balance sheet. 

made 

In  the  second  half  of  2023,  Ipoteka  Bank  generated  HUF  21.9  billion  adjusted  loss,  which  was  entirely 
caused  by  the  loss  realized  in  the  fourth  quarter.  Since  the  consolidation,  operating  profit  amounted  to 
HUF 33.7 billion, including HUF 12.3 billion in the fourth quarter. 

The second half adjusted total risk cost in the Uzbek segment amounted to HUF 52.2 billion. 

Problem loans concentrated in three segments: in a broader sense agriculture, but also in cotton and textile 
industries. Within agriculture fishery, green house cultivation and hydro cultures, but also the cotton industry 
were behind the badwill adjustment. 

This extra provision for impairment on loan losses was recognized partly in Ipoteka Bank’s separate P &L, 
and in part among the adjustment items presented at consolidated level, on the  effect of acquisitions line7.  

The ratio of Stage 3 loans grew to 11.9% by the end of the year, from 2.7% at the end of the second quarter, 
and from 8.6% at the end of the third quarter, mostly because corporate exposures were  migrated.  

The Stage 2 ratio stood at 16.6% at the end of the year. The reason for this growth was the constant review 
of the loan portfolio, as a result of which mortgage loans were reclassified from Stage 1 to Stage 2 category.  

7 In line with accounting standards, the badwill (which is part of the effect of acquisitions adjustment line) can be updated within 12 months after the  
consolidation, therefore these impairments were partially recognised on this  adjustment line. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

62 

 
 
OTP BANK 

OTP BANK RUSSIA 

Performance of OTP Bank Russia 

Main components of P&L account  

Adjusted profit after tax 
Income tax 
Profit before income tax 

Operating profit 
Total income 

Net interest income 
Net fees and commissions 
Other net non-interest income 

Operating expenses 

Total provisions 

Provision for impairment on loan losses 
Other provision 

Main components of balance sheet  
(closing balances) 

Total assets 
Gross customer loans 
Gross customer loans (FX-adjusted) 

Stage 1+2 customer loans (FX-adjusted) 

Retail loans 
Corporate loans 

Allowances for possible loan losses 
Allowances for possible loan losses (FX-adjusted) 
Deposits from customers 
Deposits from customers (FX-adjusted) 

Retail deposits 
Corporate deposits 

Liabilities to credit institutions 
Total shareholders' equity 

Loan Quality 

Stage 1 loan volume under IFRS 9 (in HUF million) 
Stage 1 loans under IFRS 9/gross customer loans  
Own coverage of Stage 1 loans under IFRS 9  
Stage 2 loan volume under IFRS 9 (in HUF million) 
Stage 2 loans under IFRS 9/gross customer loans  
Own coverage of Stage 2 loans under IFRS 9  
Stage 3 loan volume under IFRS 9 (in HUF million) 
Stage 3 loans under IFRS 9/gross customer loans  
Own coverage of Stage 3 loans under IFRS 9  
Provision for impairment on loan losses/average gross loans  

Performance Indicators 

ROA 
ROE 
Total income margin 
Net interest margin 
Operating costs / Average assets 
Cost/income ratio 
Net loans to deposits (FX-adjusted) 

HUF/RUB (closing) 
HUF/RUB (average) 

FX rates 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

2022 
HUF million 
42,548 
(3,632) 
46,179 
98,137 
178,494 
118,004 
35,251 
25,239 
(80,357) 
(51,958) 
(51,046) 
(911) 

2023 
HUF million 
95,665 
(34,506) 
130,171 
149,297 
223,644 
122,084 
40,831 
60,730 
(74,347) 
(19,126) 
(16,278) 
(2,848) 

2022 

2023 

1,029,721 
784,958 
589,608 
496,620 
468,477 
28,142 
(173,105) 
(130,392) 
576,865 
453,127 
263,310 
189,816 
49,774 
306,304 
2022 
570,949 
72.7% 
5.1% 
91,050 
11.6% 
31.5% 
122,959 
15.7% 
93.6% 
5.85% 
2022 
3.9% 
14.1% 
16.23% 
10.73% 
7.3% 
45.0% 
101% 
2022 
HUF 
5.2 
5.7 

1,470,796 
721,212 
721,212 
624,130 
606,912 
17,218 
(133,255) 
(133,255) 
1,101,084 
1,101,084 
404,105 
696,979 
19,063 
274,516 
2023 
510,129 
70.7% 
3.0% 
114,001 
15.8% 
22.7% 
97,082 
13.5% 
95.0% 
2.38% 
2023 
8.0% 
33.9% 
18.69% 
10.20% 
6.2% 
33.2% 
53% 
2023 
HUF 
3.9 
4.2 

Change 
% 
125 
850 
182 
52 
25 
3 
16 
141 
(7) 
(63) 
(68) 
213 

% 

43 
(8) 
22 
26 
30 
(39) 
(23) 
2 
91 
143 
53 
267 
(62) 
(10) 
%/pps 
(11) 
(2.0) 
(2.2) 
25 
4.2 
(8.8) 
(21) 
(2.2) 
1.4 
(3.47) 
pps 
4.1 
19.8 
2.46 
(0.53) 
(1.1) 
(11.8) 
(48) 
Change 
% 
(25) 
(26) 

Owing to the changes in the exchange rates in the reporting period, the Russian operation’s balance sheet 
and P&L statement figures in HUF terms differ from the ones calculated in local currency. 

OTP Bank Russia realized HUF 95.7 billion profit after tax in 2023, more than twice as much as in the base 
period.  This  improvement  can  be  attributed  to  the  operating  profit  increasing  by  half,  and  to  smaller  risk 
costs. This brought the return on equity (ROE) ratio to 33.9% in 2023. As a result, the bank’s  equity grew 
by 19% y-o-y in RUB, despite the permission to pay RUB 13.4 billion in dividend in the second half -year. 
Taxes payable on dividends are presented on the corporate tax line.   

Full-year  net  interest  income  grew  by  41%  in  RUB,  induced  by  higher  interest  income  from  expanding 
deposit volumes placed at the central bank, as deposits from customers almost doubled on average last 
year,  but  the  rising  interest  rate  environment  also  played  a  role  starting  from  mid -2023.  Starting  from  
24 July the central bank of Russia raised its benchmark rate in five steps to 16% by the end of 2023, from 
7.5% in the first half-year. Net interest margin shrank by 53 bps y-o-y. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

63 

 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

Net  fees  and  commissions  grew  by  62%  y-o-y  in  RUB,  mostly  driven  by  a  jump  in  income  from  account 
maintenance and transaction fees owing to the increase in deposits.  

The surge in twelve-month other income reflected the effect of stronger income from currency conversion. 

Reasons  for  the  25%  y-o-y  growth  in  twelve-month  operating  expenses  in  local  currency  included  wage 
inflation, and the increase in IT expenses linked to the digital transformation of the bank’s operation. The 
bank’s cost to income ratio was 33.2% in 2023 (-11.8 pps y-o-y).  

In 2023 total risk cost fell by 60% in RUB, to HUF 19 billion, from HUF 52 billion in the previous year.  

Underlying  loan  quality  developments  painted  a  positive  picture:  the  ratio  of  Stage  3  loans  declined  by  
2.2 pps, to 13.5% compared with end-2022. The own provision coverage of Stage 3 loans stood at 95% at 
end-2023. The Stage 2 ratio was 15.8% (+4.2 pps y-o-y) at the end of the fourth quarter.  

The bank’s total assets increased by 91% y-o-y in RUB, chiefly boosted by deposit growth. The deposit book 
grew by 143% y-o-y, primarily through deposits from large corporations (FX-adjusted). The bank’s net loan 
to  deposit  ratio  declined  by  48  pps  y-o-y,  to  53%. On  the  asset side,  most  of  the  additional  liquidity  was 
invested in central bank deposits.  

The Russian bank has stopped providing new loans to corporates since the end of February 2022, thus by 
the end of 2023 the corporate loan volumes dropped by an FX-adjusted 85% from end-2021 levels; they 
contracted by 39% compared to end-2022. The volume of FX-adjusted performing (Stage 1+2) retail loans 
expanded by 30% in 2023, predominantly in the car loan and cash loan segments.  

At the end of the year, the bank’s capital adequacy ratio was 18.2%, firmly above the 8% regulatory minimum 
requirement. At the end of 2023, the Russian bank’s intragroup subordinated loans amou nted to USD 27 
million, unchanged y-o-y. The Russian operation  paid back its maturing intragroup financing in  4Q 2022, 
thus the amount of intragroup financing decreased to nil by the end of 2022 and  remained nil throughout 
2023. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

64 

 
OTP BANK 

OTP BANK UKRAINE 

Performance of OTP Bank Ukraine: 

Main components of P&L account 

Adjusted profit after tax 

Income tax 
Profit before income tax 

Operating profit 
Total income 

Net interest income 
Net fees and commissions 
Other net non-interest income 

Operating expenses 

Total provisions 

Provision for impairment on loan losses 
Other provision 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

2022 
HUF million 
(15,922) 
(2,718) 
(13,204) 
79,863 
110,805 
90,007 
12,673 
8,125 
(30,943) 
(93,067) 
(90,836) 
(2,231) 

2023 
HUF million 
45,184 
(37,174) 
82,358 
78,294 
108,853 
93,450 
10,837 
4,567 
(30,560) 
4,064 
10,654 
(6,590) 

Main components of balance sheet  
(closing balances) 

2022 

2023 

Total assets 
Gross customer loans 
Gross customer loans (FX-adjusted) 

Stage 1 + 2 customer loans (FX-adjusted) 

Retail loans 
Corporate loans 
Leasing 

Allowances for possible loan losses 
Allowances for possible loan losses (FX-adjusted) 
Deposits from customers 
Deposits from customers (FX-adjusted) 

Retail deposits 
Corporate deposits 

Liabilities to credit institutions 
Subordinated debt 
Total shareholders' equity 

Loan Quality 

Stage 1 loan volume under IFRS 9 (in HUF million) 
Stage 1 loans under IFRS 9/gross customer loans  
Own coverage of Stage 1 loans under IFRS 9  
Stage 2 loan volume under IFRS 9 (in HUF million) 
Stage 2 loans under IFRS 9/gross customer loans  
Own coverage of Stage 2 loans under IFRS 9  
Stage 3 loan volume under IFRS 9 (in HUF million) 
Stage 3 loans under IFRS 9/gross customer loans  
Own coverage of Stage 3 loans under IFRS 9  
Provision for impairment on loan losses/average gross loans  

Performance Indicators 

ROA 
ROE 
Total income margin 
Net interest margin 
Operating costs / Average assets 
Cost/income ratio 
Net loans to deposits (FX-adjusted) 

HUF/UAH (closing) 
HUF/UAH (average) 

FX rates 

1,048,713 
529,644 
484,031 
396,320 
43,392 
240,664 
112,264 
(115,754) 
(105,587) 
783,009 
716,718 
279,032 
437,686 
108,678 
7,798 
122,493 
2022 
219,078 
41.4% 
2.1% 
214,442 
40.5% 
18.1% 
96,124 
18.1% 
75.3% 
14.01% 
2022 
(1.6%) 
(12.4%) 
10.92% 
8.87% 
3.0% 
27.9% 
53% 
2022 
HUF 
10.2 
11.5 

1,036,912 
393,741 
393,741 
308,454 
28,223 
197,262 
82,969 
(84,671) 
(84,671) 
736,621 
736,621 
274,374 
462,247 
91,154 
7,530 
157,088 
2023 
208,563 
53.0% 
1.9% 
99,891 
25.4% 
14.4% 
85,287 
21.7% 
77.9% 
(2.38%) 
2023 
4.4% 
30.5% 
10.65% 
9.14% 
3.0% 
28.1% 
42% 
2023 
HUF 
9.1 
9.6 

Change 
% 

(2) 
(2) 
4 
(14) 
(44) 
(1) 

195 

% 

(1) 
(26) 
(19) 
(22) 
(35) 
(18) 
(26) 
(27) 
(20) 
(6) 
3 
(2) 
6 
(16) 
(3) 
28 
%/pps 
(5) 
11.6 
(0.2) 
(53) 
(15.1) 
(3.7) 
(11) 
3.5 
2.6 
(16.39) 
pps 
6.0 
42.9 
(0.27) 
0.27 
(0.1) 
0.1 
(11) 
Change 
% 
(11) 
(16) 

Owing to the exchange rate fluctuations in the reporting period, the Ukrainian operation’s balance sheet and 
P&L statement figures in HUF terms differ from the ones calculated in local currency.  

In full year 2023, OTP Bank Ukraine posted HUF 45.2 billion adjusted profit after tax, which brought its ROE 
above 30%.  

The corporate tax burden increased materially because on 6 December 2023 Ukraine’s president signed a bill 
that increased the corporate income tax rate for banks (it remained unchanged in case of leasing companies) 
from 18% to 50% retroactively for full year 2023 and set the tax rate at 25% from 2024. As a result, almost 
HUF 23 billion extra corporate income tax was recorded in the fourth quarter, for the full year 2023. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

65 

 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

Full-year operating profit improved by 17% in UAH (but declined by 2% in HUF). Within that, net interest income 
jumped by 24% in local currency (by 4% in HUF), predominantly supported by the higher interest income on 
deposits placed at the National Bank of Ukraine. Net interest margin improved by 27 bps in 2023.  

Twelve-year net fee and commission income stagnated in UAH.   

The reason for the decline in full-year other income was the outstandingly high currency conversion income 
in the base year  

The 17% growth in full-year operating cost level in UAH reflected the high inflationary environment: in 2023, 
annual average inflation remained above 13%. Within that, personnel expenses increased by 18% in UAH 
as a result of high wage inflation, via the implemented wage hikes, while the full -year average number of 
employees dropped by 7%. Overall, cost efficiency indicators were stable last year: the cost to income ratio 
of 28.1% remained the lowest in OTP Group. 

Underlying loan quality  developments were overall positive. In full year 2023, total risk cost amounted to 
+HUF 4.1 billion, as opposed to -HUF 93 billion in the base period.  

At the end of 2023, the ratio of Stage 3 loans within the portfolio was 21.7%, the 3.5 pps y -o-y growth was 
partly caused by the contraction in the loan portfolio. The coverage of Stage 3 loans increased to 77.9% 
(+2.6 pps y-o-y). The ratio of Stage 2 loans sank by 15.1 pps y-o-y, to 25.4%. The ratio of total provisions 
to total gross loan volumes was 24.5% at the end of December. 

The other risk costs were set aside mainly for the Ukrainian government bond portfolio.   

Amid the  moderate lending activity, performing (Stage 1+2) loans  fell by an FX-adjusted 22% y-o-y. The 
deposits placed at the central bank grew by 12% last year, to HUF 307 billion by the end of the year. 

Last  year  the  deposit  book  rose  by  3%  (FX-adjusted).  The  net  loan  to  deposit  ratio  fell  to  42%  
(-11 pps y-o-y).  

The bank’s capital adequacy ratio significantly exceeded the regulatory minimum  requirements, reaching 
36.6% at the end of December (regulatory minimum: 10.0%).  

The outstanding gross intragroup financing to the Ukrainian operation amounted to HUF 83.1 billion at the 
end of December. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

66 

 
OTP BANK 

OTP BANK ROMANIA  

Performance of OTP Bank Romania: 

Main components of P&L account  

Adjusted profit after tax 

Income tax 
Profit before income tax 

Operating profit 
Total income 

Net interest income 
Net fees and commissions 
Other net non-interest income 

Operating expenses 

Total provisions 

Provision for impairment on loan losses 
Other provision 

Main components of balance sheet  
(closing balances) 

Total assets 
Gross customer loans 
Gross customer loans (FX-adjusted) 

Stage 1+2 customer loans (FX-adjusted) 

Retail loans 
Corporate loans 
Leasing 

Allowances for possible loan losses 
Allowances for possible loan losses (FX-adjusted) 
Deposits from customers 
Deposits from customers (FX-adjusted) 

Retail deposits 
Corporate deposits 

Liabilities to credit institutions 
Total shareholders' equity 

Loan Quality 

Stage 1 loan volume under IFRS 9 (in HUF million) 
Stage 1 loans under IFRS 9/gross customer loans  
Own coverage of Stage 1 loans under IFRS 9  
Stage 2 loan volume under IFRS 9 (in HUF million) 
Stage 2 loans under IFRS 9/gross customer loans  
Own coverage of Stage 2 loans under IFRS 9  
Stage 3 loan volume under IFRS 9 (in HUF million) 
Stage 3 loans under IFRS 9/gross customer loans  
Own coverage of Stage 3 loans under IFRS 9  
Provision for impairment on loan losses/average gross loans  

Performance Indicators 

ROA 
ROE 
Total income margin 
Net interest margin 
Operating costs / Average assets 
Cost/income ratio 
Net loans to deposits (FX-adjusted) 

HUF/RON (closing) 
HUF/RON (average) 

FX rates 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

2022 
HUF million 
3,071 
(649) 
3,720 
17,384 
62,596 
53,560 
4,743 
4,293 
(45,212) 
(13,663) 
(11,094) 
(2,569) 

2022 

1,687,581 
1,228,254 
1,171,413 
1,109,875 
538,979 
510,400 
60,496 
(62,442) 
(59,762) 
998,452 
951,990 
564,695 
387,295 
446,641 
181,206 
2022 
990,307 
80.6% 
1.1% 
173,679 
14.1% 
9.6% 
64,268 
5.2% 
54.1% 
0.93% 
2022 
0.2% 
1.8% 
3.86% 
3.31% 
2.79% 
72.2% 
117% 
2022 
Ft 
74.6 
72.8 

2023 
HUF million 
20,099 
(3,559) 
23,657 
20,972 
68,613 
53,865 
5,019 
9,729 
(47,641) 
2,685 
2,771 
(86) 

2023 

1,600,237 
1,136,507 
1,136,507 
1,075,958 
485,158 
524,745 
66,055 
(55,856) 
(55,856) 
1,100,016 
1,100,016 
662,557 
437,459 
261,740 
192,650 
2023 
919,683 
80.9% 
1.2% 
156,276 
13.8% 
8.5% 
60,549 
5.3% 
51.9% 
(0.24%) 
2023 
1.3% 
10.9% 
4.28% 
3.36% 
2.97% 
69.4% 
98% 
2023 
Ft 
80.9 
79.4 

Change 
% 

21 
10 
1 
6 
127 
5 

(97) 

% 

(5) 
(7) 
(3) 
(3) 
(10) 
3 
9 
(11) 
(7) 
10 
16 
17 
13 
(41) 
6 
%/pps 
(7) 
0.3 
0.1 
(10) 
(0.4) 
(1.1) 
(6) 
0.1 
(2.2) 
(1.18) 
pps 
1.1 
9.2 
0.42 
0.06 
0.18 
(2.8) 
(19) 
Change 
% 
8 
9 

On 9 February 2024 OTP Bank Plc. concluded a share sale and purchase agreement to sell its directly and 
indirectly  owned  100%  shareholding  in  OTP  Bank  Romania  S.A.  to  Banca  Transilvania  S.A.  (‘BT’).  OTP 
Group is also selling its 100% shareholdings in its other Romanian subsidiaries, OTP Leasing Romania IFN 
S.A. and OTP Asset Management S.A.I. S.A. to BT under the transaction. 

The selling price is EUR 347.5 million which is smaller than the net asset value of the to be sold subsidiaries 
recognized in the consolidated accounts, accordingly the transaction resulted in a negative P&L impact of 
HUF 59.5 billion (after tax) on consolidated level, which was booked in 4Q 2023 and presented amongst the 
adjustment items. 

As a result of this, according to IFRS 5, as at the end of 2023 the Romanian operation was presented as  an 
asset  classified  as  held  for  salein  the  consolidated  balance  sheet,  and  as  discontinued  operation  in  the 
income statement. As opposed to this, in the adjusted financial statements presented in the Stock Exchange 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

67 

 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

Report – in line with the structure of the financial statements monitored by the management – the Romanian 
operation was presented in a way as if it was still classified as continuing operation. 

OTP Bank Romania generated HUF 20.1 billion profit after tax in 2023, more than 6.5 times as much as in 
2022.  

Full-year operating profit increased by 25% in local currency, as a result of 13% y -o-y surge in total income 
and  8%  higher  operating  expenses.  In  2023,  other  income  doubled  in  local  currency,  net  fees  and 
commissions grew by 8%, while net interest income rose by 4%. The full-year net interest income and other 
income dynamics were influenced by the fact that the result on intragroup FX swap deals changed in the 
third quarter, and their ytd cumulated result (-HUF 10 billion) was moved from other income to the net interest 
income line, thus this reclassification was neutral on profits. Without this reclassification’s effect (a total of -
HUF  11.5  billion  in  net  interest  income  in  2023),  full-year  net  interest  income would  have  grown  by  22%  
y-o-y, mostly because of the stable loan volumes and the repricing of outstanding loan volumes in the higher 
interest rate environment.  

Annual net fees and commissions expanded by 8% y-o-y in local currency, largely thanks to an increase in 
card commissions. 

Full-year operating expenses grew by 8%, the main component of which was the wage hikes  by the annual 
rate of inflation, as well as a rise in other expenses. In the fourth quarter, expenses grew by 10% q -o-q in 
local currency. The cost to income ratio improved to 69.4% in 2023 (-2.8 pps y-o-y). 

Full-year risk costs amounted to HUF +3 billion, mainly driven by the HUF +9.5 billion credit risk cost in the 
second quarter, which stemmed from  the sale of the Romanian factoring company’s non-performing loan 
portfolio. 

The  ratio  of  Stage  3  loans  rose  by  0.1  pp,  to  5.3%  y-o-y;  their  own  provision  coverage  stood  at  51.9%,  
-2.2 pps y-o-y) at the end of the year. 

Regarding lending activity, performing (Stage 1+2) loan volumes declined by 3% y-o-y (FX-adjusted), largely 
as a result of a 12% drop in mortgage loans and a 4% decline in consumer loans, which wa s only partly 
offset by the 3% rise in corporate loans and a 9% growth in leasing volumes. The decline in mortgage loans 
was primarily caused by the rising mortgage rates: in full year 2023, new mortgage loan placements shrank 
by two-thirds. 

In FX-adjusted terms, deposits from customers rose by 16% y-o-y; within that, retail deposits grew by 17%, 
and  corporate  deposits  increased  by  13%.  A  multi-year  improvement  drove  the  net  loan  to  deposit  ratio 
below 100% by the end of the year (-19 pps y-o-y); as a result, the volume of liabilities to credit institutions 
fell by 41% y-o-y. 

On 27 October 2023, the additional tax affecting the banking sector was approved. The rate of special the tax 
will be 2% of the annual gross turnover in 2024 and 2025, while starting from 2026 it will be reduced to 1%. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

68 

 
 
OTP BANK 

OTP BANK MOLDOVA 

Performance of OTP Bank Moldova: 

Main components of P&L account 

Adjusted profit after tax 

Income tax 
Profit before income tax 

Operating profit 
Total income 

Net interest income 
Net fees and commissions 
Other net non-interest income 

Operating expenses 

Total provisions 

Provision for impairment on loan losses 
Other provision 

Main components of balance sheet  
(closing balances) 

Total assets 
Gross customer loans 
Gross customer loans (FX-adjusted) 

Stage 1+2 customer loans (FX-adjusted) 

Retail loans 
Corporate loans 
Leasing 

Allowances for possible loan losses 
Allowances for possible loan losses (FX-adjusted) 
Deposits from customers 
Deposits from customers (FX-adjusted) 

Retail deposits 
Corporate deposits 

Liabilities to credit institutions 
Total shareholders' equity 

Loan Quality 

Stage 1 loan volume under IFRS 9 (in HUF million) 
Stage 1 loans under IFRS 9/gross customer loans  
Own coverage of Stage 1 loans under IFRS 9  
Stage 2 loan volume under IFRS 9 (in HUF million) 
Stage 2 loans under IFRS 9/gross customer loans  
Own coverage of Stage 2 loans under IFRS 9  
Stage 3 loan volume under IFRS 9 (in HUF million) 
Stage 3 loans under IFRS 9/gross customer loans  
Own coverage of Stage 3 loans under IFRS 9  
Provision for impairment on loan losses/average gross loans  

Performance Indicators  

ROA 
ROE 
Total income margin 
Net interest margin 
Operating costs / Average assets 
Cost/income ratio 
Net loans to deposits (FX-adjusted) 

HUF/MDL (closing) 
HUF/MDL (average) 

FX rates 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

2022 
HUF million 
9,403 
(1,385) 
10,788 
17,551 
27,830 
19,172 
2,624 
6,034 
(10,279) 
(6,763) 
(5,895) 
(868) 

2023 
HUF million 
14,700 
(2,059) 
16,759 
13,440 
25,268 
16,349 
2,389 
6,530 
(11,828) 
3,319 
3,106 
213 

2022 

365,658 
171,412 
169,571 
164,895 
84,143 
75,994 
4,758 
(11,177) 
(11,095) 
264,031 
259,666 
174,719 
84,947 
42,083 
53,430 
2022 
139,227 
81.2% 
2.3% 
27,452 
16.0% 
18.3% 
4,733 
2.8% 
61.3% 
3.23% 
2022 
2.7% 
19.3% 
8.05% 
5.55% 
2.97% 
36.9% 
61% 
2022 
HUF 
19.6 
19.4 

2023 

428,192 
150,228 
150,228 
144,367 
67,585 
72,279 
4,503 
(7,122) 
(7,122) 
332,062 
332,062 
204,833 
127,229 
27,489 
63,353 
2023 
127,607 
84.9% 
1.3% 
16,760 
11.2% 
11.7% 
5,861 
3.9% 
60.1% 
(2.01%) 
2023 
3.9% 
25.5% 
6.73% 
4.35% 
3.15% 
46.8% 
43% 
2023 
HUF 
19.9 
19.4 

Change 
% 
56 
49 
55 
(23) 
(9) 
(15) 
(9) 
8 
15 

% 

17 
(12) 
(11) 
(12) 
(20) 
(5) 
(5) 
(36) 
(36) 
26 
28 
17 
50 
(35) 
19 
%/pps 
(8) 
3.7 
(1.0) 
(39) 
(4.9) 
(6.6) 
24 
1.1 
(1.2) 
(5.25) 
pps 
1.2 
6.1 
(1.32) 
(1.19) 
0.18 
9.9 
(18) 
Change 
% 
1 
0 

In 2023, OTP Bank Moldova contributed to the Group’s adjusted profit with HUF 14.7 billion profit after tax 
(+56% y-o-y). The Bank’s ROE amounted to 25.5% in 2023. 

Total income amounted to HUF 25 billion in 2023 (-9% y-o-y); the contribution of net interest income was 
HUF  16  billion  (-15%  y-o-y),  that  of  net  fees  and  commissions  was  HUF  2  billion  (-9%  y-o-y),  and  other 
income was HUF 7 billion (+8% y-o-y).  

The reason for the y-o-y lower net interest income was the central bank's interest rate cutting cycle, which 
began at the end of 2022; as a result, the average interest rate on deposits declined at a slower pace due 
to the high proportion of term deposits previously placed at higher interest rates. In contrast, interest income 
on placements with the central bank and on government securities decreased faster. As a result, full-year 
net  interest  margin  eroded  by  1.19  pps,  to  4.35%.  Net  fees  and  commissions  declined  as  card-related 
expenditures grew.  

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OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

In 2023, operating expenses increased by 17% in local currency. They grew at the same rate as inflation, 
largely driven by the wage hikes at the bank, and to a smaller degree because other expenses rose. The 
cost to income ratio stood at 46.8% (+9.9 pps y-o-y). 

In 2023, risk costs totalled +HUF 3.3 billion, as a result of provisions release. 

The Stage 3 ratio stood at 3.9% at the end of 2023 (+1.1 pps y-o-y); their own provision coverage exceeded 
60%. 

The FX-adjusted volume of performing (Stage 1+2) loans declined by 12% y -o-y largely as a result of the 
contraction in the first three quarters, as demand dropped in the higher interest rate environment. Within 
that, retail loans fell by 20% and-, corporate loans decreased by 5%.  

FX-adjusted deposit volumes the full-year growth rate to 28%; chiefly because corporate deposits  went up 
by 50%, and retail deposits also surged 17%. 

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OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

STAFF LEVEL AND OTHER INFORMATION 

OTP Core 

DSK Group (Bulgaria) 
OTP Bank Slovenia 
OBH (Croatia) 
OTP Bank Serbia 
OTP Bank Albania 
CKB Group (Montenegro) 
Ipoteka Bank (Uzbekistan) 
OTP Bank Russia  
(w/o employed agents) 
OTP Bank Ukraine  
(w/o employed agents) 
OTP Bank Romania 
OTP Bank Moldova 

Foreign subsidiaries, total 
Other Hungarian and foreign  
subsidiaries 

OTP Group (w/o employed agents) 

OTP Bank Russia –  
employed agents 
OTP Bank Ukraine –  
employed agents 
OTP Group (aggregated) 

31/12/2022 

31/12/2023 

Branches  ATM 

POS 

Headcount 
(closing) 

Branches  ATM 

POS 

Headcount 
(closing) 

342 
302 
114 
107 
156 
50 
28 
39 

82 

71 

1,877  156,757 
17,494 
15,459 
10,889 
20,108 
988 
8,323 
232 

979 
436 
438 
275 
129 
114 
682 

165 

165 

278 

190 

95 
53 
1,097 

157 
154 
3,694 

13,848 
0 
87,809 

352 
305 
49 
111 
155 
58 
33 

1,866  143,078 
16,559 
4,925 
11,344 
18,049 
831 
7,529 

998 
81 
428 
265 
213 
116 

10,985 
5,358 
875 
2,294 
2,632 
730 
497 

108 

191 

534 

4,471 

71 

150 

263 

97 
53 
1,040 

156 
156 
2,754 

8,325 
0 
68,359 

2,134 

1,826 
896 
21,713 

619 

33,318 

2,431 

227 

11,257 
5,104 
2,355 
2,400 
2,676 
719 
503 
4,444 

4,587 

2,074 

1,780 
867 
27,509 

640 

39,407 

2,018 

123 

1,392 

4,620  211,437 

35,976 

1,439 

5,571  244,566 

41,547 

Definition of headcount number: closing, active FTE (full-time employee). The employee is  considered as full-time employee in case his/her employment 
conditions regarding working hours are in line with a full-time employment defined in the Labour Code in the reporting entity's country. Part-time employees 
are taken into account proportional to the full-time working hours being effective in the reporting entity’s country. 

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OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

STATEMENT ON CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PRACTICE 

Corporate governance practice 

OTP  Bank  Plc.,  being  registered  in  Hungary,  has  a  corporate  governance  policy  that  complies  with  the 
provisions on companies of the act applicable (Civil Code). As the company conducts banking operations, it 
also adheres to the statutory regulations pertaining to credit institutions. 

Beyond fulfilling the statutory requirements, as a listed company on the Budapest Stock Exchange (BSE), the 
company  also  makes  an  annual  declaration  on  its  compliance  with  the  BSE’s  Corporate  Governance 
Recommendations. After being approved by the General Meeting, this declaration is published on the websites 
of both the Stock Exchange (www.bet.hu) and the Bank (www.otpbank.hu). 

System of internal controls 

OTP Bank Plc., as a provider of financial and investment services, operates a  closely regulated and state-
supervised system of internal controls. 

OTP  Bank  Plc.  has  detailed  risk  management  regulations  applicable  to  all  types  of  risks  (credit,  country, 
counterparty,  market,  liquidity,  operational,  compliance),  which  are  in  compliance  with  the  regulations  on 
prudent banking operations. The Bank Group pays special attention to the management of ESG risks and the 
implementation  of  climate  protection  aspects  in  business  practice.  Its  risk  management  system  extends  to 
cover the identification of risks, the assessment and analysis of their impact, elaboration of the required action 
plans and the monitoring of their effectiveness and results. The business continuity framework is intended to 
provide  for  the  continuity  of  services.  Developed  on  the  basis  of  international  methodologies,  the  lifecycle 
model  includes  process  evaluation,  action  plan  development  for  critical  processes,  the  regular  review  and 
testing of these, as well as related DRP activities.   

OTP Bank Plc.'s internal audit system is realised on several levels of control built on each other. The system 
of  internal  checks  and  balances  includes  process-integrated  control,  management  control,  independent 
internal audit organisation and executive information system. The independent internal audit organisation as 
a  key  element  of  internal  lines  of  defence  promotes  the  statutory  and  efficient  management  of  assets  and 
liabilities,  the  defence  of  property,  the  safe  course  of  business,  the  efficient  operation  of  internal  control 
systems, the minimisation of risks, moreover it reveals and reports deviations from statutory regulations and 
internal rules, makes proposal to abolish deficiencies and follows up the execution of actions. The independent 
internal audit organisation  annually and  quarterly prepares group-level reports  on control  actions and audit 
results for the executive boards. Once a year, the internal audit organisation with the prior opinion of the Audit 
Committee draws up, for the Supervisory Board, the Board of Directors and the Risk Assumption and Risk 
Management Committee, objective and independent reports in respect of the operation of risk management, 
internal control mechanisms and corporate governance functions. Furthermore, in line with the provisions of 
the Credit Institutions Act, reports, once a year, to the Supervisory Board and the Board of Directors on the 
regularity of internal audit tasks, professional requirements and the conduct of audits, and on the review of 
compliance with IT and other technical conditions needed for the audits. 

In  line  with  the  regulations  of  the  European  Union,  the  applicable  Hungarian  laws  and  supervisory 
recommendations, OTP Bank Plc. operates an independent organisational unit with the task of identifying and 
managing compliance risks. The Compliance Directorate prepares a report quarterly to the Board of Directors, 
and  annually  to  the  Supervisory  Board,  about  the  Bank’s  and  the  Bank  Group’s  compliance  activities  and 
position. 

IT Controls 
Applications  are  developed  by  either  in-house  group  resources  or  by  third  parties.  OTP  Bank  applies 
administrative,  logical and  physical control measures  commensurate  with the risk in order to  protect  the IT 
systems storing and processing data, as follows: 

•  access to data/systems is only possible on the basis of a predefined authorisation management process 
that applies the principle of least privilege, ensures segregation of responsibilities, that has regular access 
right reviews  and ensures that dismissed employees’ access is revoked in a timely manner; 

•  user authentication, authorisation and password management processes are controlled by policies and 

• 

audited; 
the systems have test and development environments with appropriate separation from the production 
environments  that  have  a  secure  change  management  procedure,  which  ensures  that  program 
developments  or  modifications  can  only  be  deployed  to  the  operational  environment  after  proper, 
controlled testing and approval; 

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OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

•  systems are protected by appropriate network perimeter protection, various security devices and network 
segmentation, furthermore all network communications are protected with state-of-the-art encryption; 
the  IT  systems  that  store  and  process  data  are  regularly  backed  up  and  backup  media  is  stored  in 
controlled  premises  with  adequate  protection  for  long-term  retention,  and  the  organisation  carries  out 
regular backup restore tests; 

• 

•  adequate redundancy is applied for IT systems that store and process data to ensure business continuity 

and disaster resiliency; 

•  has developed DRPs and BCPs for critical systems and critical business processes, which are regularly 

• 

• 
• 
• 
• 

• 

• 

• 

tested and reviewed; 
the Bank collects and retains the complete log of all major IT operations and IT security relevant data 
processing activities and the confidentiality, availability, integrity, authenticity and non-repudiation of these 
audit logs are ensured; 
there is a continuous, up-to-date protection against malicious codes; 
it ensures the regular implementation of vendor patches and updates for the environments used; 
it uses a data leakage protection (DLP) solution to reduce the risk of inadvertent data loss; 
it  ensures  the  continuous  monitoring  of  the  operation  events  of  the  physical  and  virtual  environment 
system elements with automated event detection and management tools; 
the  above  measures  are  documented  at  an  appropriate  level,  which  ensures  the  traceability  of  the 
implementation of data security requirements in a transparent manner; 
it ensures permanent secure deletion of the data stored on the media, the destruction of the media and 
the documentation of the destruction of the media during secure operational media disposal processes; 
it  enforces  data  protection  requirements  already  at  the  design  stage  of  the  implementation  of  the  
IT systems storing and  processing personal data  and of the systems  operational processes related to 
them; 

•  acquire  and  maintain  ability  to  adequately  handle  application  related  security  events  (including  cyber 

• 

threats), entailing prevention, detection, identification, isolation, analysis, recovery and reporting; 
remote work is regulated in a controlled and documented way, remote device and user access is protected 
with multi-factor authentication; 

•  ensures IT security compliance by its managed regulative framework; 
• 

revision  and  update  of  IT  security  regulations  bi-yearly  or  in  a  frequency  complying  legislative 
requirements or upon major changes; 

•  ensures vulnerability assessments and penetration tests are carried out as planned; 
•  defines pools for categorization of installed software into preferred, allowed and prohibited and ensures 

• 

compliance to that policy. 
it  ensures that its employees have adequate knowledge  of  data  protection requirements and  provides 
regular data protection and information security awareness training for them. 

General Meeting 

The  General  Meeting  is  the  supreme  governing  body  of  OTP  Bank  Plc.  The  regulations  pertaining  to  its 
operation are set forth in the Company’s Articles of Association, and comply fully with both general and special 
statutory requirements. Information on the General Meeting is available in the Corporate Governance Report. 

Regulations and information to be presented in the Business Report concerning securities conferring 
voting  rights  issued  by  the  Company  and  senior  officials,  according  to  the  effective  Articles  of 
Association, and ownership structure  

The  Company’s  registered  capital  is  HUF  28,000,001,000,  that  is  twenty -eight  thousand  million  one 
thousand  Hungarian  forint,  divided  into  280,000,010  that  is  Two  hundred  and  eighty  million  and  ten 
dematerialised  ordinary  shares  with  a  nominal  value  of  HUF  100  each,  and  a  total  nominal  value  of   
HUF 28,000,001,000, that is twenty eight billion one thousand Hungarian forint.  

The ordinary shares of the Company specified all have the same nominal value and bestow the same rights 
in respect of the Company. 

There  are  no  restrictions  in  place  concerning  the  transfer  of  issued  securities  constituting  the  registered 
capital of the Company.  

No securities with special control rights have been issued by the Company.  

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OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

Special  Employee  Partial  Ownership  Plan  Organization  No.  I.  of  OTP  Employees  and  Special  Employee 
Partial Ownership Plan Organization No. II. of OTP Employees (hereinafter referr ed to as: OTP SEPOPs) 
were established based on the decision of the Company’s certain employees and executives considered as 
employees pursuant to the Act XLIV of 1992 on Employee Partial Ownership Plan. Management rights of 
OTP SEPOPs are exercised by a trust named Alapítvány az OTP Munkavállalók Különleges Résztulajdonosi 
Programjáért, founded by the same employees setting up OTP SEPOPs. The Company did not participate 
either in foundation or in management of OTP SEPOPs. 

The Company in line with the ESOP Act initiated an employee share ownership plan having a remuneration 
purpose  and  founded  OTP  Bank  ESOP  Organization  for  its  execution  (hereinafter  referred  to  as  ESOP 
Organization). Pursuant to the laws, the management rights over the ESOP Organization are  exercised by 
a law firm, the so called trustee. In the case of the ESOP Organization Szűcs Law Firm is entitled to exercise 
the  authorities  of  the  trustee.  The  Company  participated  in  the  foundation  of  the  ESOP  Organization, 
however,  after  its  foundation  it  cannot  participate  in  its  management,  and  according  to  the  laws,  it  is  not 
entitled to either give orders or to recall the trustee. 

Rules on the restrictions of the voting rights: 

The Company’s ordinary shares confer one vote per share. 

An individual shareholder or group of shareholders may not exercise voting rights in respect of in an extent 
exceeding  25%,  or  –  if  the  voting  rights  of  another  shareholder  or  group  of  shareholders  exceed  
10%  –  exceeding 33% of  the total voting rights represented by the  shares conferring voting rights at the 
Company’s General Meeting. 

The  shareholder  is  obliged  to  notify  the  Company’s  Board  of  Directors  without  delay  if  the  shareholder 
directly or indirectly, or together with other shareholders in the same group of shareh olders, holds more than 
2% of the voting rights represented by the shares conferring voting rights at the Company’s General Meeting. 
Concurrently with this, the shareholder is obliged to designate the shareholders through which the indirect 
voting right exists, or the members of the group of shareholders. In the event of a failure to provide such 
notification, or if there are substantive grounds for assuming that the shareholder has made a misleading 
declaration regarding the composition of the shareholder group, then the shareholder’s voting right shall be 
suspended and may not be exercised until the shareholder has met the above obligations. The notification 
obligation  stipulated  in  this  paragraph  and  the  related  legal  consequences  are  also  incumbent  upon 
individuals who are classified or may be classified as the Company’s shareholders under Article 61 of the 
Capital Markets Act. The Company must also be provided with proof of the conditions for exemption from 
the notification obligation in accordance with Section 61 (7)-(8) and (11) and Section 61 (10),(11a) and(12), 
of the Capital Markets Act. 

Shareholder  group:  the  shareholder  and  another  shareholder,  in  which  the  former  has  either  a  direct  or 
indirect  shareholding  or  has  an  influence  without  a  shareholding  (collectively:  a  direct  and/or  indirect 
influence); furthermore: the shareholder and another shareholder who is exercising or is willing to exercise 
its voting rights together with the former shareholder, regardless of what type of agreement b etween the 
participants underlies such concerted exercising of rights. 

For  determining  the  existence  and  extent  of  the  indirect  holding,  the  rules  of  the  Credit  Institutions  Act 
relating to the calculation of indirect ownership shall be applied.   

If the voting rights that may be exercised by a shareholder group exceed the threshold stipulated above, the 
voting  rights  shall  be  reduced  in  such  a  way  that  the  voting  rights  relating  to  the  shares  most  recently 
acquired by the group of shareholders shall not be exercisable. 

If  there  are  substantive  grounds  to  presume  that  the  exercising  of  voting  rights  by  any  shareholder  or 
shareholders might result in a breach of the rules of the Capital Markets Act relating to the acquisition of a 
controlling  interest,  the  Board  of  Directors’  authorised  representative  responsible  for  the  registration  of 
shareholders at the venue of the General Meeting, or the Chairman of the General Meeting, may exclude 
the affected shareholders from attending the General Meeting or exercising voting rights. 

The General Meeting has exclusive authority with respect to the following matters: 

•  changes  to  the  rights  associated  with  specific  series  of  shares,  or  the  transformation  of  certain 

• 

categories or classes of shares; (qualified majority) 
the  decision regarding the  delisting  of the shares (qualified  majority).  When  making the decisions, 
shares embodying multiple voting rights shall represent one share. 

The Company is not aware of any kind of agreements among the owners that could give rise to the restriction 
of the transfer of issued securities and/or the voting rights.  

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OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

Rules  on  the  appointment  and  removal  of  executive  officers,  and  rules  on  amendment  of  the  Articles  of 
Association: 

The Board of Directors has at least 5, and up to 11 members. 

When  making  the  decisions,  shares  embodying  multiple  voting  rights  shall  represent  one  share.  The 
members of the Board of Directors are elected by the General Meeting based on its decision uniformly either 
for  an  indefinite  period  or  for  five  years;  in  the  latter  case  the  mandate  ends  with  the  General  Meeting 
concluding the fifth financial year following the election. The mandate of a member elected during this period 
expires together with the mandate of the Board of Directors.  

The Board of Directors elects a Chairman and may elect one or more Deputy Chairmen, from among its own 
members, whose period of office shall be equal to the mandate of the Board of Directors. The Chairman of 
the Board of Directors is also the Chief Executive Officer (Chairman & CEO) of the Company, unless the 
Board of Directors decides within its competence that the position of Chairman of the Board of Directors and 
the Chief Executive Officer of the Company are held by separate persons. 

The membership of the Board of Directors ceases to exist by 

g.  expiry of the mandate, 
resignation, 
h. 
recall, 
i. 
j.  death, 
k. 
l. 

the occurrence of grounds for disqualification as regulated by law. 
termination of the employment of internal (executive) Board members.  

The General Meeting has exclusive authority with respect to the following matters:  

• 

the recall of members of the Board of Directors, the Supervisory Board and Audit Committee, and of the 
auditor; (qualified majority) 

More than one third of the members of the Board of Directors and the non -executive members of the 
Supervisory Board may be recalled within a 12-month period only if any shareholder holds more than 
33% of the shares issued by the Company, which have been obtained by the shareholder by way of 
a public purchase offer. 

•  except in the cases referred by these Articles of Association to the authority of the Board of Directors, 
the  establishment  and  amendment  of  the  Articles  of  Association;  (qualified  majority);  the  General 
Meeting decides on proposals concerning the amendment of the Articles of Association  – based on a 
resolution passed by shareholders with a simple majority – either individually or en masse. 

The Board of Directors is obliged to 

•  prepare  the  Company’s  financial  statements  in  accordance  with  the  Accounting  Act,  and  make  a 

proposal for the use of the profit after taxation; 

•  prepare a report once a year for the General Meeting, and once every three months for the Supervisory 

Board, concerning management, the status of the Company’s assets and business policy; 

•  provide for the proper keeping of the Company's business books; 
•  perform the tasks referred to its authority under the Credit Institutions Act, in particular: 

-  ensuring the integrity of the accounting and financial reporting system; 
-  elaborating  the  appropriate  strategy  and  determining  risk  tolerance  levels  for  each  business  unit 

concerned; 

-  setting risk assumption limits; 
-  providing the necessary resources for the management or risk, the valuation of assets, the use of 

external credit ratings and the application of internal models. 

The following, in particular, come under the exclusive authority of the Board of Directors:  

•  election of the Chairman & Chief Executive Officer of the Company, and exercising employer’s right in 

respect thereof; 

•  election of one or more Deputy Chairmen of the Board of Directors; 
•  determination of the annual plan; 
• 

the analysis and assessment of the implementation of business-policy guidelines, on the basis of the 
Company’s quarterly balance sheet; 

•  decisions  on  transactions  referred  to  the  authority  of  the  Board  of  Directors  by  the  Company's 

organisational and operational regulations; 

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OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

•  decision on launching, suspending, or terminating the performance of certain banking activities within 

the scope of the licensed activities of the Company; 

•  designation of the employees entitled to sign on behalf of the Company;  
•  decision  on  the  increasing  of  registered  capital  at  the  terms  set  out  in  the  relevant  resolution  of  the 

General Meeting; 

•  decision to acquire treasury shares at the terms set out in the relevant resolution of the General Meeting; 
•  decision on approving internal loans in accordance with the Credit Institutions Act; 
•  decision on the approval of regulations that fundamentally determine banking operations, or are referred 

to its authority by the Credit Institutions Act. The following shall qualify as such regulations: 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

the collateral evaluation regulations, 
the risk-assumption regulations, 
the customer rating regulations, 
the counterparty rating regulations, 
the investment regulations, 
the regulations on asset classification, impairment and provisioning, 
the organisational and operational regulations, which contain the regulations on the procedure for 
assessing requests related to large loans, 
the regulations on the transfer of signatory rights; 

- 
the decision on approving the Rules of Procedure of the Board of Directors; 

• 
•  decision on steps to hinder a public takeover procedure; 
•  decision on the acceptance of a public purchase offer received in respect of treasury shares; 
•  decision on the commencement of trading in the shares in a regulated market (flotation); 
•  decision on the cessation of trading in the shares in a given regulated market, provided that the shares 

are traded in another regulated market (hereinafter: transfer). 

The Board of Directors is exclusively authorised to: 

•  decide, in the cases specified in the Civil Code, on acceptance of the Company’s interim balance sheet, 

subject to the prior approval of the Supervisory Board; 

•  decide,  instead  of  the  General  Meeting,  to  pay  an  advance  on  dividends,  subject  to  the  preliminary 

approval of the Supervisory Board; 

•  make  decisions  regarding  any  change  in  the  Company’s  name,  registered  office,  permanent 
establishments and branches, and in the Company’s activities – with the exception of its core activity – 
and, in relation to this, to modify the Articles of Association should it become necessary to do so on the 
basis of the Civil Code or the Articles of Association; 

•  make decision on mergers (if, according to the provisions of the law on the transformation, merger and 
demerger of legal entities, the approval of the General Meeting is not required in order for the merger to 
take place). 

The Board of Directors directly exercises employer's rights in respect of the Chairman & CEO. The person 
affected by a decision may not participate in the decision making. Employer rights in respect of the executive 
directors of the Company are exercised by the Board of Directors through the Chairman & CEO, with the 
proviso  that  the  Board  of  Directors  must  be  notified  in  advance  of  the  appointment  and  dismissal  of  the 
Deputy CEOs. With regard to issues related to the exercising of employer's rights in respect of employees, 
the Company is represented by the Chief Executive Officer and by the senior company employees defined 
in the Organisational  and  Operational Regulations of the Company, in accordance with the delegation of 
authority approved by the Board of Directors. If the Chairman of the Board of Directors and the CEO are 
different  persons,  the  employer  rights  in  respect  of  the  other  executive  directors  of  the  Company  (CEO, 
deputy CEOs) are exercised by the Board of Directors through the Chairman of Board of Directors, with the 
proviso that the Board of Directors shall be notified in advance of the appointment and dismissal of the CEO 
and  Deputy  CEOs.  With  regard  to  issues  related  to  the  exercising  of  employer's  rights  in  respect  of 
employees,  the  Company  is  represented  by  the  persons  defined  in  the  Organisational  and  Operational 
Regulations  of  the  Company,  in  accordance  with  the  delegation  of  authority  approved  by  the  Board  of 
Directors. 

The Board of Directors may delegate, to individual members of the Board of Directors, to executive directors 
employed by the Company, and to the heads of the individual service departments, any  task that does not 
come under the exclusive authority of the Board of Directors in accordance with these Articles of Association 
or a General Meeting resolution. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

76 

OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

The  Company  may  acquire  treasury  shares  in  accordance  with  the  rules  of  the  Civil  Code.  The  pr ior 
authorisation of the General Meeting is not required for the acquisition of treasury shares if the acquisition 
of  the  shares  is  necessary  in  order  to  prevent  a  direct  threat  of  severe  damage  to  the  Company  (this 
provision is not applicable in the event of a public purchase offer aimed at buying up the Company’s shares), 
as well as if the Company acquires the treasury shares in the context of a judicial procedure aimed at the 
settlement of a claim to which the Company is entitled, or in the course of a t ransformation. 

The  Company  has  not  made  agreements  in  the  meaning  of  points  (j)  and  (k)  in  paragraph  95/A  of   
Act No. C of 2000 on Accounting. 

OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE OF OTP BANK PLC. 

Description of owner 

Domestic institution/company 
Foreign institution/company 
Domestic individual 
Foreign individual 
Employees, senior officers2 
Treasury shares3 
Government held owner 
International Development Institutions 
Other4 
TOTAL 

1 January 2022 

31 December 2023 

Total equity 

Ownership 
share 
26.66% 
66.69% 
4.79% 
0.11% 
0.48% 
1.16% 
0.07% 
0.04% 
0.00% 
100.00% 

Voting 
rights1 

26.97% 
67.47% 
4.84% 
0.12% 
0.48% 
0.00% 
0.07% 
0.04% 
0.00% 
100.00% 

Quantity 

74,637,180 
186,733,858 
13,405,389 
319,712 
1,341,018 
3,251,484 
188,326 
120,871 
2,172 
280,000,010 

Ownership 
share  

Voting 
rights 1 

31.40% 
54.43% 
12.93% 
0.48% 
0.48% 
0.20% 
0.05% 
0.01% 
0.01% 
100.00% 

31.46% 
54.54% 
12.96% 
0.48% 
0.48% 
0.00% 
0.05% 
0.01% 
0.01% 
100.00% 

Quantity 

87,914,205 
152,405,042 
36,217,730 
1,349,320 
1,338,715 
572,746 
139,036 
28,603 
34,613 
280,000,010 

1 Voting rights in the General Meeting of the Issuer for participation in decision-making.  
2 Treasury shares do not include the OTP shares held by ESOP (OTP Bank Employee Stock Ownership Plan Organization). Pursuant to Act V of 2013 on 
the  Civil  Code, OTP shares  held  by  the ESOP are not classified as treasury shares,  but the  ESOP  must  be consolidated  in  accordance with IFRS  10 
Consolidated Financial Statements standard. On 31 December 2023 ESOP owned 12,095,524 OTP shares. 

3 Non-identified shareholders according to the shareholders’ registry. 

NUMBER OF TREASURY SHARES HELD IN THE YEAR UNDER REVIEW (2023) 

OTP Bank  
Subsidiaries 
TOTAL 

1 January 
354,144 
0 
354,144 

31 March 
1,107,117 
0 
1,107,117 

30 June 
585,596 
0 
585,596 

30 September 
602,180 
0 
602,180 

31 December 
572,746 
0 
572,746 

SHAREHOLDERS WITH OVER/AROUND 5% STAKE AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2023 

Name 

Nationality1  Activity2 

MOL (Hungarian Oil and Gas Company Plc.)  
Groupama Group 

Groupama Gan Vie SA 
Groupama Biztosító Ltd. 

D 
F/D 
F 
D 

C 
C 
C 
C 

Number of 
shares  
24,000,000 
14,256,813 
14,140,000 
116,813 

Ownership3 

8.57% 
5.09% 
5.05% 
0.04% 

Voting 
rights3,4 
8.59% 
5.10% 
5.06% 
0.04% 

Notes5 

1 Domestic (D), Foreign (F). 
2 Custodian (CU), Public Institution (PU), International Development Institutions (ID), Institutional (I), Company (C), Private (PR), Employee or senior officer 

(E). 

3 Rounded to two decimals. 
4 Voting rights in the General Meeting of the Issuer for participation in decision-making. 
5 Eg: professional investor, financial investor, etc.

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OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

SENIOR  OFFICERS,  STRATEGIC  EMPLOYEES  AND  THEIR  SHAREHOLDING  OF  OTP  SHARES  AS  AT  31 
DECEMBER 2023 

Type1 

Name 

Position 

IT 
IT 
IT 
IT 
IT 
IT 
IT 
IT 
IT 
IT 
IT 
FB 
FB 
FB 
FB 
FB 
FB 
SP 
SP 

dr. Sándor Csányi 2 
Chairman and CEO 
Deputy Chairman 
Tamás Erdei  
member 
Gabriella Balogh 
member 
Mihály Baumstark 
member, Deputy CEO 
Péter Csányi 
member 
dr. István Gresa 
Antal Kovács3 
member, Deputy CEO 
György Nagy4 
member 
dr. Márton Gellért Vági  member 
member 
dr. József Vörös 
member, Deputy CEO 
László Wolf 
Chairman 
Tibor Tolnay 
Deputy Chairman 
dr. Gábor Horváth 
member 
Klára Bella 
member 
dr. Tamás Gudra 
member 
András Michnai 
member 
Olivier Péqueux 
Deputy CEO 
László Bencsik 
Deputy CEO 
György Kiss-Haypál 
TOTAL No. of shares held by management: 

Commencement 
date of the term 
15/05/1992 
27/04/2012 
16/04/2021 
29/04/1999 
16/04/2021 
27/04/2012 
15/04/2016 
16/04/2021 
16/04/2021 
15/05/1992 
15/04/2016 
15/05/1992 
19/05/1995 
12/04/2019 
16/04/2021 
25/04/2008 
13/04/2018 

Expiration/termination 
of the term 
2026 
2026 
2026 
2026 
2026 
2026 
2026 
2026 
2026 
2026 
2026 
2023 
2023 
2023 
2023 
2023 
2023 

Number of 
shares 

12,000 
53,885 
17,793 
59,200 
25,939 
192,458 
126,584 
44,400 
15,800 
196,314 
544,502 
54 
0 
0 
0 
1,410 
0 
7,199 
15,462 
1,338,715 

1 Board Member (IG), Supervisory Board Member (FB), Employee in strategic position (SP) 
2 Number of OTP shares owned by Dr. Sándor Csányi, Chairman and CEO, directly or indirectly: 4,712,949. 
3 Number of OTP shares owned by Antal Kovács, Member of Board of Directors, directly or indirectly: 130,884. 
4 Number of OTP shares owned by György Nagy, Member of Board of Directors, directly or indirectly: 1,068,855. 

Committees8 
Members of the Board of Directors 
Dr. Sándor Csányi – Chairman 
Mr. Tamás Erdei – Deputy Chairman 
Ms. Gabriella Balogh 
Mr. Mihály Baumstark 
Mr. Péter Csányi 
Dr. István Gresa 
Mr. Antal Kovács 
Mr. György Nagy 
Dr. Márton Gellért Vági 
Dr. József Vörös 
Mr. László Wolf 

Members of the Supervisory Board 
Mr. Tibor Tolnay – Chairman 
Dr. József Gábor Horváth – Deputy Chairman 
Ms. Klára Bella 
Dr. Tamás Gudra 
Mr. András Michnai 
Mr. Olivier Péqueux 

Members of the Audit Committee 
Dr. József Gábor Horváth – Chairman 
Mr. Tibor Tolnay – Deputy Chairman 
Dr. Tamás Gudra 
Mr. Olivier Péqueux 

The résumés of the committee and board members are available in the Corporate Governance Report/Annual 
Report. 

8 Personal changes can be found in the „Personal and organizational changes” chapter. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

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OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

Personal and organizational changes  

As of 1 January 2023, Mr. Antal György Kovács was replaced by Mr. András Becsei as Deputy CEO of the 
Retail Division. Mr. Antal György Kovács retained his employment status, thus his position as Deputy CEO until 
the Annual General Meeting closing the financial year 2022, during which time he was mainly be responsible 
for group governance. 

On  28  April  2023,  concerning  the  audit  of  OTP  Bank  Plc.’s  separate  and  consolidated  annual  financial 
statements  in  accordance  with  International  Financial  Reporting  Standards  for  the  year  2023,  the  Annual 
General Meeting elected Ernst & Young Ltd. (001165, H-1132 Budapest, Váci út 20.) as the Company’s auditor 
from 1 May 2023 until 30 April 2024. 

On 28 April 2023 the Annual General Meeting elected Mr. Antal György Kovács as member of the Board of 
Directors of the Company until the Annual General Meeting of the Company closing the 2025 business year, 
but not later than 30 April 2026. 

On 28 April 2023 the Annual General Meeting elected  
Mr. Tibor Tolnay 
Dr. József Gábor Horváth 
Dr. Tamás Gudra 
Mr. Olivier Péqueux 
Mrs. Klára Bella 
Mr. András Michnai  
as member of the Supervisory Board of the Company until the Annual General Meeting of the Company closing 
the 2025 business year, but not later than 30 April 2026. 

On 28 April 2023 the Annual General Meeting elected  
Mr. Tibor Tolnay 
Dr. József Gábor Horváth 
Dr. Tamás Gudra 
Mr. Olivier Péqueux 
as member of the Audit Committee of the Company until the Annual General Meeting of the Company closing 
the 2025 business year, but not later than 30 April 2026. 

Operation of the executive boards 

OTP Bank Plc. has a dual governance structure, in which the Board of Directors is the Company’s executive 
management  body  in  its  managerial  function,  while  the  Supervisory  Board  is  the  management  body  in  its 
supervisory function of the Company. It controls the supervision of the lawfulness of the Company’s operation, 
its  business  practices  and  management,  performs  oversight  tasks  and  accepts  the  provisions  of  the  Bank 
Group's  Remuneration  Policy.  The  effective  operation  of  Supervisory  Board  is  supported  by  the  Audit 
Committee, as a committee, which also monitors the internal audit, the risk management, the reporting systems 
and the activities of the auditor. 

In order to assist the performance of the governance functions the Board of Directors founded and operates, 
as permanent or other committees, such as the Management Committee, the Executive Steering Committee, 
the Remuneration Committee, the Nomination Committee and the Risk Assumption and Risk Management 
Committee.  

To ensure effective operation OTP Bank Plc. also has a number of further permanent committees.  

OTP Bank Plc. gives an account of the activities of the executive boards and the committees every year in its 
Corporate Governance Report. 

The  Board  of  Directors  held  6,  the  Supervisory  Board  held  7  meetings,  while  the  Audit  Committee  held  3 
meetings in 2023. In addition, resolutions were passed by the Board of Directors on 155, by the Supervisory 
Board on 87 and by the Audit Committee on 29 occasions by written vote. 

Policy of diversity 

OTP Bank Plc. determines and regulates the criteria for the selection of senior executives in line with European 
Union as well as domestic legal requirements and directives fundamentally determining the operation of credit 
institutions.  

When designating members of the management bodies (Board of Directors, Supervisory Board) as well as 
appointing members of the Board  of Directors and  administrative members (Management), OTP  Bank Plc. 
considers  the  existence  of  professional  preparation,  the  high-level  human  and  leadership  competence,  the 
versatile educational background, the widespread business experience and business reputation of the utmost 
importance, at the same time, it is also highly committed to taking efficient measures in order to ensure diversity 
with regard to corporate operation, including the gradual improvement in women’s participation rate.  

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OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

OTP  Bank  Plc.’s  Nomination  Committee  continuously  keeps  tracking  the  European  Union  and  domestic 
legislation  relating  to  women’s  quota  on  its  agenda,  in  that  when  unambiguously  worded  expectations  are 
announced, it promptly takes the necessary measures. In accordance with OTP Bank Plc.’s currently approved 
strategy, the goal is to have at least one female member in both the Bord of Directors and the Supervisory 
Board. 

It  is  important  to  note,  however,  that,  as  a  public  limited  company,  the  selection  of  the  members  of  the 
management bodies falls within the exclusive competence of the General Meeting upon which  – beyond its 
capacity to designate enforcing the above aspects to maximum effect  – OTP Bank Plc. has no substantive 
influence.  
According to OTP Bank Plc.’s Articles of Association, a Board of Directors comprising 5-11 members and a 
Supervisory  Board  comprising  5-9  members  are  set  up  at  OTP  Bank  Plc.  Currently  the  Board  of  Directors 
operates with 11 members and has one female member, the Supervisory Board comprises 6 members and 
has one female  member.  The  management  of OTP  Bank Plc. currently comprises 6  members and has no 
female member. 

Fight against corruption and against the practice of bribery 

The Code of Ethics (https://www.otpbank.hu/static/portal/sw/file/OTP_EtikaiKodex_EN.pdf) , the Partner Code 
of Ethics (https://www.otpbank.hu/static/portal/sw/file/OTP_Partneri_EtikaiKodex_EN.pdf) publish in 2023 and 
the Anti-Corruption Policy of OTP Bank Group contains provisions on the fight against corruption and against 
the  practice  of  bribery,  also  on  the  acceptance  of  individual  differences  and  the  denial  of  discrimination 
(https://www.otpbank.hu/portal/en/EthicalDeclaration, Anti_Corruption_Policy.pdf (otpbank.hu)). As it can be 
read in the foreword of the Code and the Anti-Corruption Policy as well, the OTP Bank Plc. and its management 
have adopted the principle of zero tolerance towards corruption and bribery, taking a definite stance against 
all forms of corruption and giving full support to the fight against corruption. In addition, the Code states that 
"As  an  ethical  and  compliant  institution,  the  Bank  and  its  management  are  fully  committed  to  ensuring 
observance of all relevant legislation, including anti-corruption statutes." 

The OTP Bank Plc. has set up an ethics reporting system (whistleblowing), which is for the reporting and the 
handling of the reports on suspected or actual violation of the values set forth in the Code of Ethics, where 
anonymous reporting of ethics issues is also possible. The OTP Bank Plc. conducts inquiries for the purpose 
of detecting, preventing anomalies in connection with reports made or anomalies it became aware of otherwise. 

Through the OTP Bank Plc.'s ethics reporting system a total of 93 reports were received in 2023. In 29 of these 
reports,  we  deemed  it  necessary  to  conduct  an  ethical  procedure  and  8  case’s  investigation  resulted  in 
declaring ethics offense. 

The OTP Bank Plc. has created and maintains its Code of Ethics to keep reputational risk and financial losses, 
which may incur in relation to corruption, bribery and discrimination, on a minimum level. Both employees and 
newcomers receive education on the Code of Ethics, and in addition, the acceptance to be bound by it is a 
prerequisite for their employment. 

In  addition,  all  business  partners  and  clients  are  communicated  about  the  Anti-Corruption  Policy  and 
procedures through the Code of Ethics and Anti-Corruption Policy published publicly on the OTP Bank Plc.'s 
website and from 2023 the Partner Code of Ethics has been published on the Bank’s website as well. The 
Anti-Corruption  Policy  stipulates  that,  in  view  of  the  fact  that  existing  and  established  relationships  with 
contractual partners also contain the possibility of corruption, the OTP Bank Plc. will act prudently in its dealings 
with contractors, in particular in the tendering and preparation process, to minimise the risk of corruption. The 
OTP  Bank  Plc.  establishes  relationships  with  its  contractual  partners  based  on  an  assessment  of 
professionalism,  competence  and  competitiveness,  and  does  not  apply  other  non-professional  selection 
criteria that contain the possibility of corruption. 

Based  on  the  Compliance’s  proposal,  the  prohibition  of  corruption  will  be  reflected  in  the  contractual  and 
regulatory documents used by the OTP Bank Plc. in a clearer and well-defined manner from 2023 onwards, 
through the inclusion of anti-corruption clauses in the business rules and standard contracts. The clause will 
state from the very beginning of the business relationship that the contracting partner accepts OTP Bank Plc.'s 
anti-corruption  principles,  including  the  prohibition  of  corruption  and  the  consequences  of  breaching  this 
prohibition, which can even be termination of contract. 

Any requests from third parties affecting human rights are treated by the OTP Bank Plc. as a priority. 

We manage the risks regarding the fight against corruption and bribery within the framework of our operational 
risk management process. Our quarterly compliance reports cover the changes in risks as well as the steps 
necessary steps to manage them. The reports are presented to the  Executive Steering Committee and the 
Board of Directors; the annual report is also submitted to the Supervisory Board. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

80 

OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

Non-financial performance indicators 

• 

Internal audit: 207 closed audits, 1,385 recommendations, 1,383 accepted recommendations. 

•  Compliance with Budapest Stock Exchange (BSE) Recommendations (yes/no ratio): 72 yes, 0 no. 

•  Compliance: 7 closed consumer protection related investigations by the Compliance. 

•  Bank security investigations, reports: we conducted a total of 3,356 bank security investigations and 

253 reports were made to the authorities, most of which were related to cases of fraud committed 
against customers.  

The expected damage value from the detected crimes is about HUF 4.7 billion, which is much higher 
than the loss realized last year, which was HUF 1 billion. The largest part of the loss occurred in the 
area of financial offences. 

With regard to financial offences, a downward trend can be observed in consumer loans, primarily in 
connection with the offences of personal loans, which was about HUF 28 million, almost a fifth of the 
previous year's value. 

At the same time, the amount of damage caused by corporate credit fraud was HUF 4.6 billion, of which 
a significant part of the damage value – HUF 3 billion – was accounted for by one case. 

There was a drastic increase in the trend of online fraud targeting customers until July 2023, but  due 
to  the  introduced  measures,  there  was  a  continuous  decrease  in  both  the  number  of  cases  and  the 
amount of damage from September 2023. Compared to  the losses in July, December's fell to about a 
third, but a significant customer loss was still realized, which exceeded HUF 10 billion in 2023, and with 
fraud prevention operative measures and monitoring activities, HUF 6.5 billion of customer losses were 
prevented. 

Compared to 2022, an increase can be observed in connection with bank card abuse, both in terms o f 
the number of attempted abuses and the damage. In 2023, the value of successful bank card abuses 
exceeded  HUF  4.5  billion,  of  which  the  value  of  successful  transactions  with  cards  issued  by  OTP 
amounted to HUF 3.9 billion. 

As a result of the preventive security measures taken by the bank, the value of fraudulent bank card 
transactions that failed in 2022 is HUF 10.2 billion. Of this, the value of abuses prevented in the case 
of cards issued by OTP is HUF 10.1 billion. 

The ratio of bank card abuse to turnover increased, in the case of OTP the ratio of bank card misuse 
to turnover remained lower than the European average published by MasterCard (OTP Bank 0.0 203%, 
European average 0.0400%). 

•  Ethics issues: 93 ethics reports, establishing ethics offense in 8 cases.

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81 

OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

OTP GROUP’S SUSTAINABILITY ACTIVITIES FOR 20239 

NON-FINANCIAL STATEMENT 

The  following  parts  of  the  document  called  OTP  BANK  Nyrt.  non-financial  statement  up  to  and  including 
subsection 6.2. 

BUSINESS MODEL 

OTP Group’s business model is focused on serving the financial needs of retail, private banking, micro and 
small business, medium and large corporate and municipal customers at a high level, both through its branch 
networks and its constantly evolving digital and innovative remote service channels, as well as through its 
agents and other contracted partners. The Group served the financial needs of approximately 17.4 million 
customers at the end of 2023. 

The  Group  aims  to  continuously  develop  its  services  in  a  constantly  evolving  digital  and  technological 
environment, so that they are easily accessible and secure for an increasingly broad range of customers. In 
addition  to  digitalisation,  OTP  Group  places  great  emphasis  on  sustainability,  aimin g  to  avoid  negative 
environmental and social impacts while at the same time exploiting potential business benefits. The Bank 
plays  an  active  role  in  developing  the  financial  awareness  of  the  population,  enriching  cultural  values, 
preserving environmental values and ensuring equal opportunities. 

OTP Group is present in 11 countries in the Central and Eastern European region and entered the Central 
Asian region in 2023 with the acquisition of Ipoteka Bank in Uzbekistan. The parent bank of OTP Group, 
OTP Bank Plc., is the leading credit institution in Hungary. In addition to its operations in Hungary, the Bank 
has foreign subsidiaries in 11 countries through equity investments, in which it typically holds 100% or close 
to 100% stakes. Among the Group members, OTP’s Montenegrin subsidiary is also the market leader, while 
its Bulgarian, Slovenian and Serbian operations are the second largest in the local market in terms of total 
assets. The Albanian subsidiary is ranked third, while the Croatian and Moldovan subsi diaries are ranked 
fourth in the local ranking of banks. 

Both OTP Bank and its foreign subsidiaries offer a wide range of banking and financial services in both the 
retail and corporate segments: they collect deposits from their customers and raise funds f rom the money 
and capital markets; on the asset side, they provide mortgage loans, consumer loans, business investment 
and working capital loans, and municipal loans. Depending on the balance sheet structure of the given entity, 
Group  members  invest  their  liquidity  reserves  in  the  money  and  capital  markets  or  receive  inter -group 
funding. In addition, the subsidiary banks and other domestic and foreign subsidiaries provide their clients 
with a wide range of modern financial services, including asset management and investment services, cash 
management, treasury and other services. However, there are differences between the various countries in 
terms of, among other things, business focus, the range of services and products offered and the distribution 
channels. In terms of business focus, while in most countries of the Group the share of retail, corporate and 
leasing volumes is relatively balanced, in the Ukraine the weight of corporate and leasing portfolios within 
outstanding loans exceeds 90 percent, while in Russia the share of retail consumer loans reaches 97 percent 
and in both countries the share of mortgage loans is negligible. 

9 Symbols  
@ For more information see another page of the Business Report or the home page. 
The symbols for, and the contents of, the indicators GRI 2-1, ST1, TCFD I, FN-CB-240a.4 etc. are to be found in the @GRI content index. 
Information relevant to specific subsidiaries and countries are marked by country codes: AL BG HU HR MO MD RO RS RU SI UA UZ 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

82 

 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

ESG STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS 

OTP  Group  aims  to  play  a  leading  long-term  financing  role  in  the  green  and  fair  transition  of  the 
Central  and  Eastern  European  region.  The  Banking  Group  defines  its  long-term  sustainable, 
transparent  and  ethical  operation  through  stable  management,  responsible  and  transparent 
governance, as a responsible employer in the labour market and an active player in society. Our aim 
is to provide responsible and fair financial services tailored to our customers’ needs, to establish 
open cooperation with our stakeholders based on trust, and to reduce our negative environmental 
impacts. 

OTP Group’s ESG strategy, and its related vision and mission have not changed in 2023.  

Vision 

Responsible financial decisions and socially and environmentally adequate, ethical financial solutions are 
available  for  all  economic  participants  and  citizens  in  all  of  the  countries  covered  by  the  OTP  Group’s 
operations. 

Mission 

For us, sustainability means taking responsibility for our economic, social  and environmental impacts. We 
firmly  believe  that  by  our  leading  role  in  the  Central  and  Eastern  European  Region  and  our  presence  in 
Central Asia, with our pioneering developments, conscious and ethical business operation and exemplary 
partnerships we create value and contribute to a sustainable future. 

ESG strategy 

ST4,  305:  3-3,  TCFD  II.a,b,  IV.c  The  ESG  strategy  of  OTP  Group  was  unanimously  approved  by  the 
Management Committee in 2021 and is reviewed annually to adapt it to changes in the market and reg ulatory 
environment. 

The  strategy  rests  on  the  following  three  pillars:  responsible  service  provider,  responsible  employer  and 
responsible social actor. In addition to business opportunities, the strategy includes the identification and 
management  of  material  risks,  as  well  as social  and  governance  objectives.  Our  goal  is  to  achieve  ESG 
integration in all relevant areas and all relevant topics by 2025. 

Strategic goals 
Responsible service provider 
• 

green products and solutions 
facilitating the green transition of the 
economy 

• 

products and investment services to 
facilitate investments into the 
sustainable economy 

Long-term KPIs for the OTP Group 

End-2023 results 

Total green credit portfolio of HUF 1,500 bn 
by 2025 

We exceeded the HUF 414 bn green loan 
portfolio target for 2023 by more than HUF 
200 bn 

active ESG risk management 

• 
Responsible employer 
• 

active ESG management practices in 
corporate governance 

• 

strengthening employee well-being 
and development, diversity and 
employee engagement 

Responsible social actor 

• 

• 

strongly reducing emissions 
from our own operation 

significant contribution to social 
objectives and SDGs through 
responsible products and 
services and through donations 

Steady  increase  in  the  level  of  employee 
reach  a  global1  75 
engagement, 
percentile at Group level (in 2023: 78%) 

to 

The  level  of  employee  engagement  was 
72% at Banking Group level  

Net  carbon  neutrality  by  the  end  of  2022 
(goal  met),  total  carbon  neutrality  by  2030 
for OTP Bank 

OTP  Bank  will  become  a  member  of  the 
S&P  Dow  Jones  Sustainability  Index  by 
2025 

We met the short-term target 

The  Bank’s  score  in  the  S&P  Global 
Corporate  Sustainability  Assessment 
improved by 9 percent in 2023 compared 
to the previous year, up 4 points 

1 Based on a benchmark of more than 750 companies. 

The majority of subsidiary banks have developed their ESG strategy in 2022, setting their own targets, which 
are  also  aligned  with  the  parent  bank’s  objectives.  The  strategies  cover  segments  such  as  ESG  risk 
management, the development of green lending, the organisational frameworks, social matters and reducing 
their  operations’  environmental  impacts.  The  subsidiary  banks  have  also  defined  KPIs  to  measure  the 
effectiveness of the achievement of the targets set. The Board of Directors of OTP Bank is also informed of 

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the  achievement  of  ESG  targets  and  the  annual  review  of  the  plans,  as  is  the  Supervisory  Board.  The 
Russian, Ukrainian and Moldovan subsidiaries developed their strategies in 2023 and are expected to adopt 
these in 2024. The two Slovenian subsidiaries have drawn up a joint ESG strategy at the end of 2023 in 
preparation for the merger, which is also expected to be adopted in 2024.  

UN Principles for Responsible Banking 

At the end of 2021, OTP Bank signed the commitment to follow the United Nations Principles for Re sponsible 
Banking  (UN  PRB).  The  Principles  provide  a  framework  to  ensure  that  banks’  strategies  and  operation 
conform to the future vision outlined in the UN’s sustainable development goals and the Paris Agreement. 
The Serbian subsidiary of the Banking Group was the first Serbian bank to join the Principles at the end of 
2023, while the Romanian subsidiary has postponed its planned accession until 2024.  

OTP Bank fulfils its PRB reporting obligation in this report, in the Reporting and Self -Assessment Template. 

Recognising the sustainability performance of subsidiary banks 

SI  HR  After  2022,  in  2023  Slovenian  NKBM  has  again  been  awarded  the  Green  Star  Certificate  of  the 
Slovenian organisation “CER – Partnership for a Sustainable Economy”. 

The Croatian subsidiary bank also participated in the 2023 ESG rating of the Croatian Chamber of Economy, 
where  it  was  ranked  third  in  the  financial  sector.  In  addition,  the  bank  is  a  member  of  the  Croatian 
Sustainability Index (HRIO), compiled by the Croatian Business Council for Sustainable Development. 

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GRI 2-6 Summary ESG data of OTP Group 

in 

in 

of 

top 

the 

the 

accessible 

@Percentage  of  women  on 
Supervisory Board 
@Percentage  of  women  on 
Board of Directors 
@Percentage  of  women 
management 
@Amount donated 
Number of customers – total 
Number of retail customers 
Number of corporate customers 
@Young customers5 
@Micro and small enterprise assets 
@Medium  and 
large  corporation 
assets 
@Percentage 
branches and customer offices 
@Customer satisfaction (TRI*M)6 
@Number  of  participants 
the 
financial  education  trainings  of  OK 
Training Centres 
@Headcount  of  employees  (active, 
persons, 31.12) 
@Percentage of women 
@Female-to-male salary ratio (in the 
same job category) 
@Turnover 
@Turnover 
employed) 
@Average training hours 
@Employee 
satisfaction/engagement 
@Energy consumption (GJ) 
@Energy 
consumption 
employee (GJ) 
@CO2 emissions (Scope 1+2, tCO2e) 
– market-based 
@CO2 emissions (Scope 1+2, tCO2e) 
– with offset 
@CO2  emissions  per  employee 
(tCO2e) – market-based 
turnover 
@CO2 
(tCO2e/HUF million) – market-based 

(excluding 

emissions 

agents 

per 

by 

GRI 
indicator 
number 

405-1 

405-1 

405-1 

OTP Bank 
(2022) 

OTP Bank 
(2023) 

OTP Group 
(2022) 

OTP Group 
(2023) 

17% 

9% 

0% 

17% 

9% 

0% 

24%1 

20%1 

23%2 

26%1 

16%1 

21%2 

HUF 5.0 billion 
17.4 million 
16.5 million 
0.9 million 
13% 
2-6, FS6  HUF 570 billion 3.4  HUF 578 billion  HUF 874 billion  HUF 1,146 billion 

HUF 2.5 billion  HUF 3.0 billion  HUF 4.0 billion 
15.7 million 
14.8 million 
0.9 million 
11% 

4.6 million 3 
4.2 million 3 
0.4 million 3 
18% 

4.3 million 3 
4.0 million 3 
0.3 million 3 
19% 

2-6 
2-6 
2-6 
2-6 

2-6, FS6  HUF 2,772 billion 3.4  HUF 3,326 billion HUF 7.820 billion  HUF 9,405 billion 

99% 

99% 

78% 

77% 

66 points 

57 points  varies by country  varies by country 

29,307 

37,117 

35,237 

47,889 

10,516 

64% 

98.57% 

12.2% 

12.2% 

80 

76% 

10,715 

63% 

98.16% 

12.1% 

12.1% 

79 

76% 

38,775 

69% 

90.47% 

26.9% 

20.4% 

35 

70% 

44,468 

66% 

92.24% 

20.8% 

17.4% 

34 

72% 

2-7 

405-1 

405-2 

401-1 

401-1 

404-1 

302-1 

268,934 

245,555 

1,091,006 

1,107,043 

305-1, 305-2 

305-1, 305-2 

26.17 

7,675 

675 

0.75 

23.19 

7,115 

-485 

0.67 

0.014 

0.012 

29.22 

73,701 

66,701 

1.97 

0.044 

25.58 

70,649 

60,874 

1.63 

0.032 

1 Consolidated data for the management bodies of the parent bank and subsidiary banks.  
2 Consolidated data for the parent bank and subsidiary banks.  
3 OTP Core. 
4 Consolidated by country 
5 As a percentage of retail customers. 
6 On a scale of -66 to 134 points, national data 

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MATERIALITY ANALYSIS 

GRI 3-1 Materiality analysis is a fundamental and guiding element of our activities promoting sustainable 
development and our sustainability reports. Materiality can be defined in a variety of ways.  

The materiality assessment for 2022 is based on the GRI Standards requirements and guidelines. Its basic 
principle is that material topics are topics that represent the organisation’s most significant impacts on the 
economy, the environment and people, including human rights, (impact materiality).  

In  the  Dow  Jones  Sustainability  World  Index  approach,  the  material  sustainability  factors  are  those  that 
have,  or  may,  in  the  future,  have  significant  impacts  on  the  Company’s  value/value  factors,  competitive 
position, including long term shareholder value-creation and business performance (financial materiality).10 

The Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) will require reporting companies to observe the 
principle  of  “double  materiality”.  Accordingly,  each  dimension  (impact  and  financial)  was  applied  in  our 
analysis – prioritising the GRI requirements. 

• 
• 

The potentially material impacts: 
the stakeholder survey, 
the  other  available  stakeholder  feedback  (customer  satisfaction  survey,  employee  engagement 
survey) 
topics of the GRI Standards 
the topics included in ESG ratings, and 
identified on the basis of the topics comprised in the UN PRB impact analysis tools  

• 
• 
• 

The stakeholder survey was conducted with the involvement of authorities and public bodies, professional 
associations and representatives of civil society organisations and scientific organisations with experience 
in various segments of sustainability, having a comprehensive overview, with adequate information on the 
activities of the OTP Group, sustainability experts, media representatives, the representative o f OTP Bank’s 
trade union and representatives of sales partners. 

In-depth interviews were conducted with groups of stakeholders as well as individual stakeholders by an 
external  professional  consultant  without  the  involvement  of  the  Banking  Group’s  represen tatives  to 
encourage the expression of honest opinions. The stakeholders identified sustainability topics considered 
as material regarding the Banking Group. 

According to the respondents, being a major market participant entails a great deal of responsibil ity, and 
they also expect OTP Bank to be an example and provide guidance in relation to sustainability.  

The  stakeholders  clearly  found  the  environmental  impacts  of  financing  more  important  this  time  than  in 
earlier surveys and in their earlier feedback. 

OTP  Group’s  list  of  impact  areas  was  compiled  based  on  feedback  from  stakeholders  and  the  sources 
listed above. The areas were first assessed based on the basis of the impacts on sustainability: economy, 
environment and society. Evaluation was based on objective metrics (e.g. number of stakeholders, degree 
of involvement, financial indicators, ratios) by expert estimation, with the inclusion of an external consultant 
and the Bank’s ESG division. 

The  financial  impacts  on  the  Group  of  the  impacts  identified  from  the  aspect  of  sustainability  and  the 
relevance of the GRI indicators for the various materiality areas were determined and ranked on a 7 -point 
scale (-3 to 3) with the assistance of ESG Operational Subcommittee members. 

An annual review of the materiality analysis was carried out in 2023, in line with the GRI Standards for 2021. 
The scope of the Banking Group’s activities has not changed significantly compared to previous years. Its 
range  of  subsidiaries  has  expanded,  with  the  most  significant  change  being  the  acquisition  of  NKBM  of 
Slovenia and Ipoteka Bank of Uzbekistan in 2023. New, potentially material impacts may arise in the case 
of  the  Uzbek  bank,  which  will  be  assessed  in  detail  once  integration  is  completed  in  2024.  Monitoring 
external global and regional processes and the methodology of ESG ratings, we have not identified any new 
material topics. Based on the experience of the previous year’s reporting, it was considered expedient to 
merge certain topics, as they are not treated separately within the Group. This is how the material topics 
have changed relative to the previous year. 

GRI 2-14 Both the 2022 and the revised materiality analysis were approved by the ESG Committee.  

10 Financial materiality is defined in various ways, which are essentially identical in terms of content. The Dow Jones Sustaina bility World Index has been 
measuring large enterprises’ ESG performance since 1999 and has been producing the most comprehensive Corporate Sustainability Assessment (CSA) 
year after year to date, which is why its definition is regarded as adequately authentic.  

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GRI 3-2 OTP Group’s material sustainability topics are shown in the white background of the chart. 

Description of change 

Changes in material topics compared to the previous year 
Title of topic 
Social impacts and indirect economic impacts 
of financial products 
Tax payment 
Contribution to economic stability 
Environmental impact and GHG emissions of 
financial products 
Green products 
Operational GHG emissions  
Access to finances 
Financial well-being 
Responsible employment 
Diversity and equal opportunities 
Financial literacy for vulnerable groups 
Customer data and information security 
Compliance 

Social and indirect economic impacts of lending and the Indirect economic impacts of 
investment merged 
No change 
No change 
Environmental impact and GHG emissions of lending and  Environmental impact and 
GHG emissions of investment products merged 
Green loan products and Green investment products topics merged 
No change 
No change 
No change 
Responsible employment and Impact on livelihoods and salary levels merged 
No change 
No change 
No change 
Merging  of  the  topics  of  Prevention  of  money  laundering,  Anti-corruption  activities, 
Compliance awareness and Non-discrimination 
No change 

Financing of high social risk sectors 

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1.  ESG GOVERNANCE, RESPONSIBILITIES 

GRI 2-9, 2-12, 2-13, TCFD I.a,b ESG governance at Banking Group level is unchanged in 2023. In 2021, 
based  on  Green  Recommendation  No.  5/2021  (IV.15.)  of  the  MNB,  a  conceptual  proposal  for  the 
establishment  of  the  ESG  Committee,  the  ESG  Sub-Committee  and  the  ESG  Control  Function,  which 
constitute  the  Bank’s  standing  ESG  organisation,  was  discussed  and  unanimously  approved  by  both  the 
Management Committee and the Board of Directors. 

With  the  decision  of  the  Board  of  Directors,  the  Bank’s  ESG  organisation  was  established  in  December 
2021. The organisation is multi-level: the Board of Directors is the main decision-making body, assisted and 
reported to by the ESG Committee. 

The ESG Committee is a standing committee set up by the Bank’s Board of Directors. Its Chair is appointed 
by the Chairman & CEO from the members of the BoD and its members include OTP Bank’s Deputy CEOs 
and elected directors. The Committee 

• 
• 
• 

is responsible for defining the Bank’s and the Banking Group’s ESG strategy, plans and policies;  
gives its opinion in advance on all ESG-related proposals to be submitted to the management body; 
the ESG Committee is responsible for identifying ESG risks, formulating strategy, plans and policies, 
setting  target  and  performance  objectives  and  evaluating  them,  together  with  the  relevant 
organisations, in order to define and manage climate change and environmental risks, as well as 
social and governance risks, assess their consequences. 

The  ESG  Sub-Committee  is  the  standing  decision-preparing  forum  of  the  ESG  Committee,  coordinating, 
consulting on and implementing the work of the ESG Committee in the framework of its technical support 
work. The head of the Subcommittee – who is also the leader of the ESG business transformation  – is the 
director of the Green Programme Directorate. 

The Board of Directors is provided with a comprehensive report on the implementation and furtherance of 
OTP Bank’s ESG strategy. The Supervisory Board receives written information on the annual report of the 
Board of Directors. 

ESG coordination is also ensured in the subsidiaries, which have established their own ESG organizational 
units. 

GRI 2-19 Compliance-conscious operation and CSR each makes up at an at least 5 percent share of the 
targets set out for each of OTP Bank’s Chairman & CEO, Deputy CEOs and executive dir ectors. These two 
elements comprise the satisfaction of sustainability criteria as well.  

In  reviewing  the  target  systems  of  foreign  subsidiary  bank  executives,  sustainability  targets  were  also 
included among objectives. The ESG-CSR indicator is a mandatory KPI with a uniform weighting of 5 percent 
for the senior executives of each foreign subsidiary. Content of the indicator: Performing tasks arising from 
ESG risks and business opportunities; implementing ESG integration tasks within own competencies in lin e 
with the Group’s ESG strategy and green KPI; implementing ESG aspects in own business processes and 
internal  regulatory  documents;  raising  ESG  awareness  within  the  organisation;  providing  quality  data  for 
sustainability/integrated reporting, for the appropriate functioning of CSR-related processes. 

GRI  2-17  Five  (45%)  of  the  members  of  the  Board  of  Directors  and  two  (33%)  of  the  members  of  the 
Supervisory Board had completed the five-module ESG training for senior management developed in 2023 
(see also @5.5) by the end of the year. 

A number of standing committees are directly involved in the management of the Group’s environmental, 
social and economic impacts. They are discussed in the @Responsible Corporate Governance Report. 

The organisational structure and governance levels of OTP Bank are shown in the  @Organisational Chart. 

GRI 2-12, 2-16 The Board of Directors and the  Supervisory Board are kept informed by regular (annual, 
semi-annual) reports from the various committees and divisions. The members of the management bodies 
can  access  the  documents  of  all  of  committees  and  boards,  and  can  ask  any  division  of  the  bank  for 
information through the Management Information Portal. 

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No critical stakeholder remarks were made in 2023; nonetheless, the governing bodies were provided with 
information on feedback from stakeholders, including employees, customers, shareholders and regulatory 
bodies: 

•  A  report  on  the  process  and  results  of  the  group-wide  engagement  survey  was  presented  to  the 

Supervisory Board. 

•  Semi-annual reports are prepared for the BoD and the Supervisory Board on  customer complaints 
and  the  lessons  drawn  from  their  management  as  well  as  the  MNB’s  consumer  protection  audit. 
They were also informed about customer complaints received by the foreign subsidiaries.  

•  The management bodies are informed on a quarterly basis at the Banking Group level on the closed 
audits  of  audit  organizations,  as  well  as  on  the  MNB’s  supervisory  procedures  and  the  status  of 
implementation  of  the  recommendations  made  to  the  Bank.  The  Supervisory  Board  or  the 
Supervisory Board and the Board of Directors reviews and approves the audit reports containing the 
results  of  the  audits  to  be  carried  out  by  Internal  Audit  as  required  by  MNB  Resolutions  and 
Recommendations before they are sent to the Supervisory Authority. 

Other situations affecting the Banking Group of which the management bodies have been informed: 

•  OTP  Bank  was  included  on  the  list  of  the  Ukrainian  National  Agency  on  Corruption  Prevention 
(NACP) in May, as one of the international supporters of the war. Our Bank has indicated in a press  
release  and  in  several  press  responses  that  it  considers  the  NACP’s  action  as  unworthy  and  is 
seeking  to  convince  the  Ukrainian  authorities  of  this,  and  has  also  explained  that  the  NACP  has 
made a number of erroneous and untrue arguments in support of its stigmatising decision. The Bank 
has refuted the most significant of these in detail in its press releases and press responses. OTP 
Bank stressed that it condemns any aggression against any sovereign country and is committed to 
supporting Ukrainian citizens and the country’s economy. 
In the course of discussions with the European External Action Service and the Agency, our Bank 
made commitments regarding its future plans for the Russian market, and the Agency removed OTP 
Bank from the list of international supporters of the war in early October 2023. 
In a New York Times article, it was published – and subsequently proven to be false – that money 
was transferred to a foundation owned by a sanctioned Russian person from a third country through 
our Russian subsidiary bank. On account of the significance of the matter, the bodies were informed.  

• 

GRI  2-9  OTP  Bank’s  Supervisory  Board,  Board  of  Directors  and  standing  committees  had  a  total  of  117 
members on 31 December 2023. Some of them are members of more than one  body. 14 of the members 
are  independent11  and  16  are  women.  There  are  a  total  of  three  employee  delegates  in  the  Supervisory 
Board and the Ethics Committee. The Supervisory Board, the Board of Directors, the Audit Committee, the 
Remuneration Committee, the Risk Exposure and Risk Management Committee, the Nomination Committee 
and the Management Committee are presented separately in the Other Information section of the Annual 
Report  and  in  the  Corporate  Governance  Report;  with  information  on  members,  their  ot her  important 
positions and engagements also available in their respective CVs. Other committees are – by virtue of their 
tasks – made up nearly exclusively of OTP Bank managers; their members do not hold any other external 
important positions. The primary criterion in the selection of committee members is professional expertise.  

GRI 2-13, 3-3, TCFD I.b The governance and regulation of individual sustainability and ESG domains are 
implemented as follows: 

ESG / sustainability 
domain 

Taxation: 

Compliance: 
-  responsible corporate 

governance, 

-  non-discrimination, 

Responsibility, manager 

Policy 

References 

Head of the Accounting and 
Finances Directorate (Chief 
Accountant): responsible and 
accountable for tax policy. 
The taxation division is 
independent of the business 
divisions. 
In terms of compliance, 
governance and organisational 
responsibility lies with the Board 
of Directors and the Supervisory 
Board. 
Compliance officer, consumer 
protection officer: Executive 
Director heading the Compliance 
Directorate 

@ Tax Policy: 
– approved by: Board of Directors 
– presents the principles and practices 
followed 
by OTP Group with respect to taxation 

@ taxation 

@Compliance Policy: 
-  approved by: Board of Directors 
-  declares the requirement to observe 
the law, the directives and guidelines 
of national and international 
supervisory authorities and the internal 
regulations; its Annexes: 

@ reporting, 
monitoring, measures 
@ risk assessment 

11 According to the @definition applied to independence, they do not hold senior management positions at OTP Bank.  

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ESG / sustainability 
domain 

-  consumer protection 

-  anti-corruption (ABC), 

-  international sanctions 

requirements, 

-  processing and 

protection of personal 
data, 

Responsibility, manager 

Policy 

References 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

-  @ Consumer Protection Compliance 

Program 

-  @ Anti-Corruption Policy 

-  @ Sanctions Policy 
– @ Financing services related to the 
defence sector 
- @ Data Protection Policy 

@ data protection 
training 
@ fraud 

Manager responsible for the 
Bank’s data processing and the 
protection of customers’ personal 
data: Deputy CEO of the Digital 
Division and the data protection 
officer (reporting directly to the top 
management of the controller or 
the processor, not accepting 
instructions from anyone 
regarding the discharge of their 
duties) 

-  business ethics, conflict 
of interest (including the 
whistleblowing system) 

Ethics Committee: guidance, 
second-tier decision-making 
regarding reports of ethical 
offences 

GRI 2-23 @ Code of Ethics 
-  approved by: Board of Directors 

@ reporting ethical 
offences, training 

@ Human Rights Statement: 
– approved by: Executive Director 
heading the Human and Organisation 
Development Directorate 

-  regular statutory 

reporting to supervisory 
and other government 
bodies 

-  protection from money 
laundering and terrorist 
financing 

Security: 
-  overall security, 

Heads of division and managers 
of regional profit centres 

Anti-Money Laundering 
Committee: decisions on 
sustaining or creating high-risk 
business relationships within its 
competence 
Responsibility for security rests 
with the Board of Directors and 
the Supervisory Board. 
Manager responsible for 
compliance with IT security and 
bank security requirements: 
Managing Director of the Bank 
Security Directorate 

-  cyber security, 

Risk Management: 
-  all risk types 

Green finance: 

Audit Committee and Risk 
Exposure and Risk Management 
Committee: they monitor the risk 
management activity. 
Risk Committees (Credit and Limit 
Committee, Work-out Committee, 
Group Operational Risk 
Management Committee): ultimate 
decision-making competence on 
the cornerstones of risk 
management methodologies. 
Manager responsible for risk 
management: Deputy CEO 
responsible for the Credit 
Approval and Risk Management 
Division 
Green Programme Directorate: 
supporting all members of OTP 
Group in taking advantage of the 
opportunities in green financing 

@ Anti-money laundering 

Security policy: 
-  approved by: Board of Directors 
-  sets forth the principles and main 

guidelines concerning security at the 
Bank, 

-  declares the Bank’s engagement to 

maintaining and preserving security at 
all times. 

Group Information Security Policy: 
- approved by: CEO 
- it declares the directions of 
development and relevant requirements 
Group Cyber Defence Strategy 

Risk Assumption Strategy: 
-  approved by: Board of Directors 
-  defines the risk management 

framework and the principles and 
guidelines for risk assumption. 

@ reporting, risk 
assessment 
@ training 
@ fraud 

@ rules, functions 
@ exclusions 
@ lending policy, 
responsible lending 
@ operational risk 
assessment 
@ debtor protection 

@ESG strategy 

@ Green Loan 
Framework 
@ sustainable financial 
framework 

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Responsibility, manager 

Policy 

References 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

OTP BANK 

ESG / sustainability 
domain 

Product development, 
sales: 

Human resource 
management: 
-  HR overall, 

-  diversity and equal 

opportunity, 

Product Development, Sales and 
Pricing Committee: adopts 
decisions applicable to OTP Bank 
and the Hungarian group 
members on the development, 
introduction, discontinuation, 
pricing and terms of new schemes 
and product variants, and on sales 
and incentives. Approves major 
campaign plans. 
International Product 
Development, Sales and Pricing 
Committee: approves the annual 
action plans of the foreign 
subsidiary banks. 
Manager responsible for human 
resource management: Executive 
Director heading the Human and 
Organisation Development 
Directorate 

-  (occupational) health 

and safety 

Manager responsible for health 
and safety: Head of the Chairman 
& CEO Cabinet 

Procurement/purchasing 
-  expectation of ethical 

conduct, 

-  sustainability, 

environmental criteria 

The procurement activity is 
performed by the requesting 
organisation. 

Environmental 
protection: 
-  environmental 

protection in operations, 

-  environmental 
awareness in 
procurement 

The Chairman & CEO is 
responsible for the Bank’s 
environmental protection 
activities. 
Manager responsible for 
supervising environmental 
protection activities: Head of the 
Facility Services Unit for the 
Chairman & CEO Cabinet 

@ objective, clear 
information 
@ responsible sales 
@ green products 
@ products with social 
benefits 

@ accessibility for 
disabled 
@ turnover 
@ training 
@ income 
@ freedom of 
association 
@organisational 
diversity 

@ reporting, risk 
assessment, training, 
accidents 

@ rules 
@ materials used 

@ reporting, training 
@ CO2 Emissions 

@ Compliance Policy: 
-  approved by: Board of Directors 
-  declares that, in designing its products 
and services, the Bank pays priority 
attention to the enforcement of 
consumer protection principles, and to 
reducing the information asymmetry 
between customers and the Bank. 
Annexed to the policy is 
@ Consumer Protection Compliance 
Program 

Accessibility for disabled strategy: 
-  the goal is to ensure equal opportunity 

in service. 
HR strategy: 
-  approved by: Management Committee 
-  determines the medium-term areas of 

focus for human resource 
management. 

@ Diversity Policy:engagement to 
diversity among the members of 
management bodies and management. 
@ Strategy for Gender Equality 

Health and Safety Regulation: 
-  approved by: CEO 
- uniform and comprehensive 
preventative health and safety strategy 
to implement safe working conditions 
that do not constitute a health risk. 
Procurement policy: 
- approved by: CEO 
- regulates the procurement process, 
scopes of responsibility, procurement 
principles; stipulates that the 
procurements of members of the 
Banking Group are supervised and 
coordinated by OTP Bank. 
Environmental Code: 
-  approved by: CEO 
-  ensures legal compliance and 
facilitates the consideration of 
environmental criteria and their 
integration into the Bank’s business 
operations in order to minimise the 
environmental impacts of operating 
and maintaining the Bank’s 
organisation; sets out the guidelines 
on environmentally aware 
procurement. 

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2.  ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF FINANCIAL SERVICES 

This chapter presents the activities related to the following material topics, with each material topic presented 
in several places within the chapter: 

ST1: GRI 3-3, 203-2 Social impacts and indirect economic impacts of financial products 

Impacts: The Banking Group enables consumption  and investment through the responsible allocation of 
resources. Therefore, we have an impact not only on the customers but, indirectly, also on economic growth, 
people’s  living  standards,  and  basic  needs  such  as  housing,  and  the  utilisation  of  natural  resources.  By 
providing funds, we also contribute to the development of businesses and the economy, and indirectly help 
create jobs. The effects can also be potentially negative, such as over-indebtedness and over-consumption. 

This material topic supports the achievement of the following SDGs: 

Engagement: Our aim is to make financial resources available to the region’s businesses and households, 
through  prudent  lending,  to  protect  depositors’  funds  and  prevent  over-indebtedness.  It  is  of  paramount 
importance to us that schemes involving public and international institutions are accessible, and our results 
often go beyond market share. We help enable access to basic needs. 

Acts: Active lending in the region 

Strict, conservative risk management by integrating ESG risks 
Debtor protection programmes 
Active role in national and international programmes 
Products for vulnerable social groups (e.g. the youth and pensioners)  
Serving the financial needs of micro, small and medium-sized businesses at a high standard of quality 

Stakeholder cooperation: Our Banking Group continuously analyses and measures customer needs and 
feedback concerning the design and operation of its products and services. We liaise with government and 
international institutions and regulatory bodies to ensure compliance and in r elation to subsidised product 
schemes. 

ST3: GRI 3-3 Environmental impact and GHG emissions of financial products 

Impacts: The investment projects and operations implemented with our financing and investments have a 
significant impact on the use of natural resources and generate greenhouse gas emissions. The extent and 
effectiveness of these depend largely on the characteristics of the organisation or individual carrying out the 
activity and their efforts to reduce environmental loads. 

This material topic supports the achievement of the following SDGs: 

Engagement: Our aim is to assess and understand the environmental loads and GHG emissions associated 
with our services and mitigate the negative impacts, helping the transition to environmentally -sustainable 
development. The Banking Group is making less use of exclusions, and is instead supporting its customers 
to implement green solutions in order to ensure that fewer customers are affected by the more difficult and 
costly financing that will be imposed on brown projects in the future. 

Acts: Integrating ESG risks into risk management 

Increasingly accurate measurement of GHG emissions of the financed portfolio  
Preparing a group-wide decarbonisation plan 
Continued compliance with regulatory requirements, including in respect of the green transition 

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BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

Stakeholder cooperation: The Banking Group also maintains active contact with customers and investors 
to understand their expectations and to cooperate constructively, and its relations with regulators are aimed 
at understanding and meeting expectations. 

ST4: GRI 3-3 Green financial products 

Impacts:  The  impacts  of  this  topic  are  almost  inseparable  from  the  environmental  impacts  of  financial 
products.  Green  financial  products  support  the  solution  of  global  environmental  challenges  and  the 
achievement  of  objectives.  The  positive  impact  can  occur  if  activities  generating  actual  environmental 
benefits are financed. The extent of the impact is largely determined by the scale of these products.  

This material topic supports the achievement of the following SDGs in the same way as the previous one:  

Engagement: OTP Group strives to create an environment that supports sustainable financing and intends 
to play a leading role in green financing. The Banking Group also plays a dominant role in the implementation 
of initiatives of state and international institutions. 

Acts: Setting strategic, medium-term targets for green lending 

Developing a green loan framework 
Gradual availability of green products and product variants in all segments 
Active role in national and international programmes 

Stakeholder cooperation: The Banking Group also maintains active contact with customers, investors, and 
state  and  international  financing  institutions  to  understand  their   expectations  and  to  cooperate 
constructively. Its relations with regulators are aimed at understanding and meeting expectations.  

ST9: GRI 3-3 Financing of high social risk sectors 

Impacts: The risk of negative social impacts is higher for these funded activities. The negative impacts can 
be avoided or mitigated by prudent lending. 

This material topic supports the achievement of the following SDGs: 

Engagement:  OTP  Group  does  not  finance  activities  that  violate  the  laws  of  the  given  country  or 
international law. We conduct prudent lending, as well as rigorous and conservative risk management. The 
Banking  Group’s  @Compliance  policy  and  relevant  internal  regulations  contain  the  applicable  sanctions 
procedures  and  engagements.  The  relevant  members  of  OTP  Group  publish  extracts  of  the  group -level 
@Sanctions Policy on their website. 

Acts: Social risk assessment as part of ESG risk management 

Application of exclusions list, compliance with sanctions obligations 
Demanding that customers comply with laws and regulations  
Priority checks of sensitive transactions 

Stakeholder  cooperation:  Its  relations  with  regulators  are  aimed  at  understanding  and  meeting 
expectations.  The  Group  actively  engages  with  investors  to  understand  their  expectations.  The  Group 
communicates its expectations to its customers and monitors compliance with these.  

Details of activities relating to material topics are presented in the following pages, along with thei r outcomes 
and how their effectiveness is assessed. 

For further information, visit our @website. 

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2.1. Sustainable finances 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

The group-level @green loan framework was completed in 2023, setting out the general principles 
of  green  lending,  not  only  in  Hungary,  but  also  in  Bulgaria,  Slovenia,  Croatia,  Serbia,  Albania, 
Montenegro and Romania. 

GRI  201-2  In  addition  to  the  extension  of  the  framework  to  subsidiary  banks, several  new  green  lending 
targets  have  been  added,  focusing  on  sectors  that  are  relevant  to  OTP  Group’s  portfolio  and  to  climate 
change  mitigation  and  adaptation.  The  relevant  sectors  and  activities  are  defined  at  countr y  level.  The 
framework  covers  the  following  sectors  as  identified  in  the  EU  Taxonomy  and  the  CBI  (Climate  Bond 
Initiative) Taxonomy: 

•  EU  Taxonomy:  energy,  manufacturing,  transport,  construction  and  real  estate,  forestry,  waste 

management; 

•  CBI Taxonomy: energy, industry, transport, buildings, land use and marine resources, waste and 

pollution control. 

The  framework  covers  non-retail  customers,  from  large  multinational  corporations  to  micro-enterprises, 
including municipalities and condominiums. 

The compliance of green activities is verified through the country-specific Green Alignment Assessment Tool 
(GAAT), for which country-specific supporting documents have been drawn up. When assessing compliance 
with the EU Taxonomy, minimum safeguards (MS) are also checked, in line with the expectations. 

The Green Loan Framework, which is also supported by an SPO, was approved by the MNB in July 2023. 
It  also  ensures  that  loans that  meet  the  conditions  of  the  framework  are  eligible  in  respect  of  the  MNB’s 
green corporate and municipal preferential capital requirement programme. 

A  number  of  controlling  developments  have  also  been  implemented  during  the  year,  but  significant 
improvements in green data infrastructure are still needed to ensure efficient recording of green loa ns at 
group level. 

The further detailing of targets continued, and the targets set for 2024 and 2025 have now been approved 
by OTP Bank’s ESG Committee in both retail and corporate breakdown. To reach our target of HUF 1,500 
billion in green loans by 2025, we have committed to dynamic growth in the next two years. 

The  Banking  Group’s  fundraising  activities  were  again  supported  by  the  Group-wide  Sustainable 
Financial Framework in 2023, covering both social and environmental sustainability. 

The @framework supported by an SPO12 is available on the OTP Group website, and has not changed in 
2023.  Under  the  framework,  the  Bank  or  any  of  its  subsidiaries  may  issue  green  and  social  financial 
instruments,  including  bonds,  commercial  paper  (sustainable  financial  instruments).  The  framework  was 
worked out on the basis of the ICMA13 Green Bond Principles, 2021; the ICMA Social Bond Principles, 2021, 
the LMA14 Green Loan Principles, 2021 and the LMA Social Loan Principles, 2021. 

The  framework  imposes  the  following  restrictions:  sustainable  financial  instruments  cannot  be  used  to 
finance  loans  related  to  fossil  energy  production,  nuclear  energy  production,  arms  and  defence,  mining, 
gambling or tobacco. 

Financed green categories15: 

• 
• 
• 

green buildings, 
renewable energy, 
clean transportation. 
Financed social categories: 

• 

job  creation  and  programmes  to  prevent  and/or  alleviate  unemployment  resulting  from  socio-
economic crises, including through the potential impact of SME financing and microfinancing.  

OTP Group reports to investors annually within one year of the transaction (bond issue) of the sustainable 
financial  instrument  and  thereafter  until  the  full  allocation  of  the  proceeds.  For  @allocation  report  and 
@impact  assessment  report  for  2022  are  available  on  the  website,  and  the  documents  for  2023  will  be 
available in summer 2024. OTP Jelzálogbank publishes the key financial  and  environmental impact data 
relating to the green mortgage bond it issued in 2021 (allocation report) once a year on its @website, 
No green bonds and green mortgage bonds were issued in the Banking Group in 2023.  

12 SPO: Second Party Opinion 
13 International Capital Market Association 
14 Loan Market Association 
15 The precise criteria are specified in the framework. 

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2.2. Green lending 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

GRI  201-2,  ST4:  3-3,  TCFD  II.a,b,  IV.a,c  OTP  Group  was  able  to  increase  the  green  loan  and  bond 
portfolio on its books significantly in 2023, significantly exceeding its HUF 414 billion commitment 
set  for  the  end  of  2023.  Compared  to  the  end  of  the  previous  year,  the  portfolio  increased  from 
HUF 270 billion to HUF 656 billion. This is an important step towards the Banking Group becoming 
a regional leader in financing a fair and gradual transition to a low carbon economy and to build a 
sustainable future. 

Corporate lending 

The bulk of the green portfolio is comprised of corporate loans and bonds, mainly large corporate and project 
loans, whose share continued to increase in 2023. 

At the end of 2023, the corporate green loan portfolio at  group level amounted to HUF 470 billion, 
with investment projects for the use of renewable energy making up the largest share.  

For years, renewable energy projects have been a preferred lending purpose in project financing. In 2023, 
in response to market needs, we have added new terms and conditions for lending based on market sales 
of electricity rather than a sales contract covering all or most of the financing term. Already during 2023, the 
Bank  has  financed  a  number  of  projects  where  at  least  part  of  the  cash  flow  from  free  market  sales  of 
electricity is the source of the loan repayment. In addition to financing renewable energy production, project 
loans for the implementation/refinancing of properties with international sustainability building certifica tion 
(e.g. LEED, BREEAM) were also more prominent in 2023. 

In 2023, two new renewable energy projects were contracted or refinanced in the project finance area, which 
is part of the green portfolio. At the Group level, this amounted to HUF 19.2 billion, of  which OTP Bank’s 
share was HUF 9.6 billion. In Romania, a 48.4 MW solar farm project is under construction  and a Bulgarian 
wind farm with a capacity of 156 MW is being refinanced. 

At the end of 2023, the total capacity of renewable energy projects in the  portfolio through project financing 
was 1,414 MW. In terms of capacity, wind energy accounts for two-thirds, solar energy for 31%, and projects 
for water, biomass and biogas utilisation are also in the portfolio. Most of the projects are financed by the 
OTP Group, with only a few cases involving third parties as financiers. 

In  2023,  we  signed  a  green  real  estate  financing  contract  for  a  property  in  Hungary.  The  loan  amount  is  
HUF 30.6 billion and will be disbursed in 2024. 

In  Hungary,  the  active  participation  of  banks  in  state-subsidised  lending  schemes  has  been  the  main 
contributor  to  the  growth  of  corporate  green  lending,  given  the  macroeconomic  environment.  Both  the 
Széchenyi Investment MAX and MAX+ and the EXIM Baross Gábor Reindustrialisation  Green Investment 
Loan schemes included loan targets that met the conditions of the MNB’s green corporate and municipal 
preferential  capital  requirement  programme.  Most  of  the  investments  implemented  financed  energy 
efficiency improvements and/or developments related to renewable electricity production. It is typical that 
micro and small enterprises have made less use of these credit facilities. Developing our own product would 
not have been a competitive alternative in this environment, and thus we did not  offer such product. 

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27%46%14%1%11%Capacity of renewable energy sources (MW)Project financing portfolio31 December 2023HungaryRomaniaBulgariaCroatiaSerbia 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

The  Green  Loan  Framework  also  provides  borrowing  opportunities  for  agricultural  customers,  but  the 
portfolio in this sector is not yet significant. 

Most of the corporate loans (45%) are part of the portfolio of the Hungarian member c ompanies, while 32% 
are on the books of Bulgarian DSK. The other subsidiary banks with a green loan portfolio each account for 
less than ten percent of the portfolio. 

Typical green loans of subsidiary banks 16: 

BG The Bulgarian subsidiary’s portfolio includes loans for renewable energy production and electric vehicle 
financing. Approximately 50 new transactions were concluded in 2023.  

SI The two Slovenian subsidiary banks are seeing a strong engagement to ESG among their large corporate 
customers, with demand for green loans focusing on energy efficiency, project financing and the financing 
of the transition, In 2024, green products will be launched as a joint product of SKB and NKBM17. 

HR In 2023, the Croatian subsidiary bank introduced two products for micro and small business customers. 
Sunny  loans  are  available  for  solar  panel  installation  and  other  energy  efficiency  equipment.  The 
condominium loan can be used for building renovation, energy efficiency improvements and is subsidised 
by the EU. In 2023, disbursements were made to 36 customers. The Bank also offers financial instruments 
linked to the use of funds from the EU’s national Recovery and Resilience Facility (RFF) as part of several 
schemes, supporting green transition and/or digital transformation in specific areas of Croatia, as well as 
supporting R&D&I and other investments that support competitiveness and resilience. In 2023, four loans 
were accepted by the subsidiary bank. 

RS The Serbian subsidiary is involved in several collaborations to help  make green loans more accessible. 
It  cooperates  with  the  EFSE  (European  Fund  for  Southeast  Europe),  IFIs  (International  Financing 
Institutions) and helps to implement environmental investment projects through the Green for Growth Fund.  

UZ The Uzbek subsidiary bank provides businesses with low-interest, preferential loans for solar panel and 
battery  installation.  In  2023,  approximately  50  businesses  used  the  product.  The  bank  has  started 
negotiations with the EBRD to participate in several schemes. 

UA  Under  the  EBRD-supported  scheme,  small  and  medium-sized  enterprises  can  purchase  electric  and 
hybrid cars with a 20 percent subsidy and receive investment loans for energy efficiency. 90 people used 
the scheme for vehicle purchases in 2023. The investment loan is a new facility, and has not been disbursed 
yet in 2023. It was designed to be accessible to local agricultural producers.  

RO OTP Bank Romania is seeing a growing demand for green financing among its corporate customers, 
with  loans  also  provided  for  solar  farm  and  wind  turbine  projects.  The  bank  held  ESG  workshops  for 

16  The green loan portfolio only  includes loans from the Bulgarian, Croatian, Serbian, Albanian and Romanian subsidiary banks  an d Slovenian SKB 
Bank. 
17 NKBM portfolios will be included in the green loan portfolio from 2024 onwards, and are not included in 20 23 data. In 2023, the definitions of green 
lending were agreed and the OTP Green Loan Framework was rolled out in the bank, but consistent data reporting has not yet be en implemented in the 
subsidiary acquired in 2023. 

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56.75%14.06%29.17%0.03%Breakdown of corporate green loans by loan purpose  31 December 2023Renewable energyElectromobilityReal estateAgriculture 
 
 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

corporate customers on responsible finance and investment strategies. In addition, it also helped with the 
purchase of electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles. 

MD In 19 cases, the Moldovan subsidiary bank provided loans under the EU4BUSINESS EBRD preferential 
lending facility, partly for environmental purposes. In 2023, the EIB decided to extend the availability of funds 
under  the  Fruit  Garden  scheme  by  two  years  and  expanded  the  eligibility  for  grain  production,  livestock 
breeding and fish farming. In 2023, OTP Bank Moldova disbursed 17 loans. The Moldovan subsidiary has 
seen a significant increase in lending for energy efficiency and renewable energy investment projects, with 
numerous companies building solar parks and electric charging stations in the country. 

Retail loans 

The year-end green loan portfolio amounted to HUF 148 billion.18 

In July 2023, OTP Bank introduced two new own products, the  OTP Green Housing Loan and the Green 
Évnyerő Housing Loan for the purchase, construction and modernisation of new homes. The only difference 
between the two products is in the repayment schedule. 

The retail green loan portfolio consists mainly of loans under the Hungarian  Green Home Program (ZOP), 
which was available in 2021 and 2022 for the purchase or construction of energy -efficient new homes. 

In 2023, a total of HUF 34.5 billion was disbursed for new green housing loan transactions. 

The uniform registration of retail green loans in foreign subsidiary banks has not yet been implemented in 
2023, therefore, they are not included in the portfolio, but the available schemes are presented below. 

BG  At  DSK  Bank,  the  preferential  mortgage  loan  product  has  been  available  from  the  end  of  2022  for 
residential  properties  with  an  energy  rating  B  or  better.  By  the  end  of  2023,  the  bank  has  disbursed 
approximately 150 loans. 

SI At Slovenian NKBM, green housing, electromobility and energy efficiency loans were available in 2023, 
with preferential interest rates to encourage take-up. The housing loan can be used to buy, build and insulate 
energy-efficient  homes,  as  well  as  to  install  solar  panels  and  heat  pumps.  By  the  end  of  2023,  55 
disbursements had been made, 90 percent of which were used by customers for solar panel installation. For 
loans  for  the  purchase  and  installation  of  energy-efficient  equipment  and  for  the  purchase  of  hybrid  and 
electric vehicles, 9 disbursements have been made by the end of 2023, 96% of these for the purchase of 
electric cars. In the second half of 2023, SKB Bank introduced the green housing loan product, also for the 
purchase and renovation of energy-efficient residential property. 

2.3. Disclosure according to the Taxonomy Regulation 

Information to be disclosed by undertakings subject to Articles 19a or 29a of Directive 2013/34/EU 
concerning environmentally sustainable economic activities according to Regulation (EU) 2020/852 
regulation 

I. Mandatory disclosure 

Own  indicator  The  Taxonomy  Regulation  applies  to  financial  market  participants  that  make  available 
financial products and undertakings which are subject to the obligation to publish a non -financial statement 
or a consolidated non-financial statement pursuant to Article 19a or Article 29a of Directive No. 2013/34/EU 
of  the  European  Parliament  and  of  the  Council,  respectively  (Article  1  (b)  and  (c)  of  Chapter  I  of  (EU) 
2020/852).  Pursuant  to  Article  8  of  the  Taxonomy  Regulation,  any  undertaking  which  is  subject  to  an 
obligation  to  disclose  non-financial  information  pursuant  to  Article  19a  or  Article  29a  of  Directive  No. 
2013/34/EU shall include in its non-financial statement or consolidated non-financial statement information 
on how and to what extent the undertaking’s activities are  associated with economic activities that qualify 
as environmentally sustainable under Articles 3 and 9 of (EU) 2020/852 Regulation. The OTP group report 
is  based  on  the  exposures  and  balance  sheet  according  to  the  scope  of  prudential  consolidation  in 
accordance with Regulation (EU) No. 575/2013, Title II, Chapter 2, Section 2 for the types of assets and 
accounting  portfolios  specified  in  point  1.1.2  of  Annex  V  of  Commission  Delegated  Regulation  (EU)  No. 
2021/2178,  including  information  on  stock  and  flows,  on  transitional  and  enabling  activities,  and  on 
specialised and general purpose lending. 

18 This amount comprises only the Hungarian portfolio already accounted for towards the MNB in the latter’s Green Preferential Capital Requirement 
Programme in the case of which the disbursed amount is slightly higher.  

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OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

The tables below present the consolidated information on OTP Group’s mandatory KPIs under Regulation 
(EU)  No.  2020/852  (Taxonomy  Regulation),  which  have  been  prepared  using  the  template  published  in 
Annex VI of Regulation No. 2021/2178. The gross carrying amount of exposures are based on the reference 
date of 31. December 2023. 

OTP Group discloses the relevant KPIs on a consolidated basis, taking into account the scope o f prudential 
consolidation, in accordance with Annex V, point 1.1.1 of EU 2021/2178. Accordingly, the exposures of the 
various subsidiaries, including those of fund managers and credit institutions, are part of the consolidated 
credit institution KPIs. 

There are several explanations regarding the low taxonomy-aligned stock and KPI percentage disclosed in 
the mandatory part. First of all, as part of the mandatory reporting, in line with legal compliance, only the 
exposures of companies fall under the "non-financial reporting obligation" were included. Significant share 
of  OTP  Group's corporate  funding  (>  90%)  is  directed  to  non-financial  companies  that  are  not  subject  of 
NFRD obligation. This means that the taxonomy related share of such exposures is not incl uded as part of 
the mandatory reporting. Moreover, the green financing of taking place in non -EU subsidiaries is also not 
covered by the mandatory reporting and as such excluded from the KPIs.  

The interpretation of the alignment requirement for retail exposures has been significantly amended by the 
draft EU Commission Notice published in December 2023. According to the draft notice, funding towards 
households  that  only  meet  the  substantial  contribution  criterion  cannot  be  considered  as  aligned.   The 
necessary  information  and  data  to  fulfil  the  additional  conditions  is  not  available  due  to  the  short  notice 
involved. Therefore, following prudent approach, these exposures have not been taken into account in the 
KPI calculation at this stage. 

For  taxonomy-eligible  stocks,  the  percentage  decreased  slightly  compared  to  the  same  data  last  year, 
despite of the increase in green stocks.  This is the result of at least two things: an increase in the balance 
sheet total and a change in methodology. 

We  would  like  to  highlight,  that  as  disclosed  in  Table  1  line  #20  below,  the  share  of  taxonomy -eligible 
exposures  compared  to  the  total  asset  of  non-financial  undertakings  subject  to  "non-financial  reporting" 
obligation is more than 16%. Moreover, the their ratio of taxonomy -aligned exposures is close to 6.5%. In 
addition,  the  share  of  the  taxonomy-eligible  household  portfolio  compared  to  total  household  exposure 
exceeds  27%,  a  significant  share  of  which  is  related  to  the  purchase,  construction  or  renovation  of  real 
estate. The same ratio for retail car loans is 38%. 

Overall, the main KPI indicators in the mandatory report do not fully reflect the efforts of the OTP Group in 
the area of sustainable finance. Therefore, information on the broader green portfolio of the OTP Group is  
presented as part of the voluntary report.  

Templates 1 to 5 for OTP Group as published in Annex VI of Regulation No. 2021/2178 and the templates 
of KPIs for the EU subsidiary banks using the same methodology are part of the mandatory report.  

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

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OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

0. Summary of KPIs to be disclosed by credit institutions under Article 8 Taxonomy Regulation  

Main KPI 

Green asset ratio (GAR) stock 

Total environmentally 
sustainable assets 
(Turnover) HUF mn 
12,451.02 

Total 
environmentally 
sustainable 
assets (CapEx) 
HUF mn 
23,481.10 

KPI – 
turnover2 
0.05% 

KPI – 
CapEx3 
0.09% 

1 % of assets covered by the KPI (GAR total asset) over banks’ total assets  
2 based on the turnover KPI of the counterparty 
3 based on the CapEx KPI of the counterparty, except for lending activities where for general lending turnover KPI is used  

% of assets 
excluded from 
the numerator 
of the GAR 
(Article 7 (2) 
and (3) and 
Section 1.1.2. 
of Annex V) 
29.19% 

% of assets 
excluded from 
the 
denominator 
of the GAR 
(Article 7 (1)) 
and Section 
1.2.4 of 
 Annex V) 
35.17% 

% 
coverage 
(over 
total 
assets)1 
64.83% 

Total environmentally 
sustainable activities 
(Turnover) HUF mn 

3.31 
0.00 

Total 
environmentally 
sustainable 
activities (CapEx) 
HUF mn 
346.09 
0.00 

KPI - 
turnover 
(compared 
to flow of 
total 
covered 
assets) 
0.000% 
0.00% 

KPI - CapEx 
(compared 
to flow of 
total 
covered 
assets) 
0.005% 
0.00% 

% 
coverage 
(over total 
assets) 
54.35% 

2,033.70 

6,130.15 

0.01% 

0.02% 

% of assets 
excluded from 
the numerator 
of the GAR 
(Article 7 (2) 
and (3) and 
Section 1.1.2. 
of Annex V) 
24.61% 

% of assets 
excluded from 
the 
denominator of 
the GAR 
(Article 7 (1)) 
and Section 
1.2.4 of  
Annex V) 
45.65% 

Additional KPIs 

GAR (flow) 
Financial guarantees 
Assets under 
management 

Comment 1: For reporting templates: cells with a black background do not need to be completed.  
Comment 2: Fees and commissions (worksheet 6) and the Trading book (worksheet 7) are only applicable from 2026,  

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

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OTP BANK 

1.  Assets for the calculation of GAR (Turnover) 

in HUF million 

Total [gross] 
carrying amount 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

Disclosure reference date 31.12.2023 

Climate Change Mitigation (CCM) 

Of which towards taxonomy relevant sectors 
(Taxonomy-eligible) 

Of which environmentally sustainable 
(Taxonomy-aligned) 
Of which 
Of which 
enabling 
transitional 

Of which Use 
of Proceeds 

Climate Change Adaptation 
(CCA) 

Of which towards taxonomy 
relevant sectors (Taxonomy-
eligible) 
Of which environmentally 
sustainable (Taxonomy-aligned) 
Of which 
enabling 

Of which Use of 
Proceeds 

TOTAL (CCM + CCA + WTR + CE + PPC + BIO) 

Of which environmentally sustainable (Taxonomy-
aligned) 
Of which 
enabling 

Of which Use 
of Proceeds 

Of which 
transitional 

1 

GAR - Covered assets in both 
numerator and denominator 
Loans and advances, debt securities 
and equity instruments not HfT eligible 
for GAR calculation 
2  Financial undertakings 
3  Credit institutions 
4  Loans and advances 
5  Debt securities, including UoP 
6  Equity instruments 
7  Other financial corporations 
8  of which investment firms 
9  Loans and advances 
10 Debt securities, including UoP 
11 Equity instruments 
12 of which  management companies 
13 Loans and advances 
14 Debt securities, including UoP 
15 Equity instruments 
16 of which insurance undertakings 
17 Loans and advances 
18 Debt securities, including UoP 
19 Equity instruments 
20 Non-financial undertakings 
21 Loans and advances 
22 Debt securities, including UoP 
23 Equity instruments 
24 Households 

25 

of which loans collateralised by 
residential immovable property 
26 of which building renovation loans 
27 of which motor vehicle loans 
28 Local governments financing 

14,106,303 3,339,778 0 

0 0 
0 0 

0 0 

0 0 

0 0 

0 0 

2,191,060 
1,435,223 
854,447 
580,776 
0 
755,837 
59,625 
59,624 
0 
1 
26,032 
0 
0 
26,032 
1,797 
1,795 
0 
1 
192,736 
76,929 
115,807 
0 

11,722,507 3,339,778    

4,915,444 3,040,924    

127,689  127,416    
446,413  171,438    
0 0 

0 

0 

0 
0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0  0  0 

0  0  0 
0  0  0 

0  0  0 

0  0  0 

0  0  0 

0  0  0 

0 

0 
0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 3,375,433 12,451 

0 

0 

0 
0 

0 
4,288 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
4,288 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
31,367 12,451 
20,111  6,135 
11,255  6,316 
0 
0 
0 
  3,339,778 

0 

0 

0  0  0 

0 

  3,040,924 

   127,416 
   171,438 
0 
0 

0 

0 
0 
0 

0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 

0 

0 

0 
0 
0 

0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 

0 
0 
0 

0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 

0 
0 
0 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

100 

 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
     
  
  
        
  
  
     
  
  
        
  
  
     
  
  
        
  
  
  
     
  
  
        
  
  
  
     
  
  
        
  
  
     
  
  
        
  
  
     
  
  
        
  
  
  
  
     
  
  
        
  
  
     
  
  
        
  
  
     
  
  
        
  
  
  
  
     
  
  
        
  
  
     
  
  
        
  
  
     
  
  
        
  
  
  
  
     
  
  
        
  
  
     
  
  
        
  
  
     
  
  
        
  
  
  
  
  
        
  
  
  
        
  
  
  
        
  
  
  
        
  
  
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

TOTAL (CCM + CCA + WTR + CE + PPC + BIO) 

Of which environmentally sustainable (Taxonomy-
aligned) 
Of which 
enabling 
0 
0 

Of which Use 
of Proceeds 
0 
0 

Of which 
transitional 
0 
0 

0 
0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

in HUF million 

Total [gross] 
carrying amount 

Disclosure reference date 31.12.2023 

Climate Change Mitigation (CCM) 

Of which towards taxonomy relevant sectors 
(Taxonomy-eligible) 

Of which environmentally sustainable 
(Taxonomy-aligned) 
Of which 
Of which 
enabling 
transitional 

Of which Use 
of Proceeds 

Climate Change Adaptation 
(CCA) 

Of which towards taxonomy 
relevant sectors (Taxonomy-
eligible) 
Of which environmentally 
sustainable (Taxonomy-aligned) 
Of which 
enabling 

Of which Use of 
Proceeds 

31 

29 Housing financing 
30 Other local government financing 
Collateral obtained by taking 
possession: residential and 
commercial immovable properties  
Assets excluded from the numerator 
for GAR calculation (covered in the 
denominator) 
Financial and Non-financial 
undertakings 
SMEs and NFCs (other than SMEs) not 
subject to NFRD disclosure obligations 

34 

32 

33 

35 Loans and advances 

36 

of which loans collateralised by 
commercial immovable property 
37 of which building renovation loans 
38 Debt securities 
39 Equity instruments 

49 

Non-EU country counterparties not 
subject to NFRD disclosure obligations 

41 Loans and advances 
42 Debt securities 
43 Equity instruments 
44 Derivatives 
45 On demand interbank loans 
46 Cash and cash-related assets 

47 

Other categories of assets (e.g. 
Goodwill, commodities etc.) 

0 
0 

0 

10,315 

11,562,435 

9,385,343 

6,860,587 

6,712,884 

146,932 
771 

2,524,756 

2,492,214 
30,472 
2,070 
41,967 
574,648 
605,799 

954,677 

48 Total GAR assets 

25,679,052 3,339,778 0 

0 

0  0  0 

0 

0 3,375,433 12,451 

0 

0 

0 

49 

50 

Assets not covered for GAR 
calculation 
Central governments and 
Supranational issuers 
51 Central banks exposure 
52 Trading book 
53 Total assets 

13,930,092 

6,307,758 

7,401,137 
221,197 

39,609,144 3,339,778 0 

0 

0  0  0 

0 

0 3,375,433 12,451 

0 

0 

0 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

101 

 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
     
  
  
        
  
  
  
     
  
  
        
  
  
     
  
  
        
  
  
     
  
  
        
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

in HUF million 

Total [gross] 
carrying amount 

Disclosure reference date 31.12.2023 

Climate Change Mitigation (CCM) 

Of which towards taxonomy relevant sectors 
(Taxonomy-eligible) 

Of which environmentally sustainable 
(Taxonomy-aligned) 
Of which 
Of which 
enabling 
transitional 

Of which Use 
of Proceeds 

Climate Change Adaptation 
(CCA) 

Of which towards taxonomy 
relevant sectors (Taxonomy-
eligible) 
Of which environmentally 
sustainable (Taxonomy-aligned) 
Of which 
enabling 

Of which Use of 
Proceeds 

TOTAL (CCM + CCA + WTR + CE + PPC + BIO) 

Of which environmentally sustainable (Taxonomy-
aligned) 
Of which 
enabling 

Of which Use 
of Proceeds 

Of which 
transitional 

Off-balance sheet exposures - Undertakings subject to NFRD disclosure obligations 
54 Financial guarantees 
55 Assets under management 
56 Of which debt securities  
57 Of which equity instruments  

173,787 
1,651,364 
794,009 
274,403 

0 0 

0 

0  0  0 

0 

0 

22,282  2,034 
76 
21,349  1,958 

933 

0 
0 
0 

346 
0 
346 

1,688 
76 
1,612 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

102 

 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
     
  
  
        
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
     
  
  
        
  
  
     
  
  
        
  
  
OTP BANK 

2.  Assets for the calculation of GAR (CapEx) 

in HUF million 

Total [gross] 
carrying amount 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

Disclosure reference date 31.12.2023 

Climate Change Mitigation (CCM) 

Of which towards taxonomy relevant sectors 
(Taxonomy-eligible) 

Of which environmentally sustainable 
(Taxonomy-aligned) 
Of which 
Of which 
enabling 
transitional 

   Of which Use 
of Proceeds 

Climate Change Adaptation 
(CCA) 

Of which towards taxonomy 
relevant sectors (Taxonomy-
eligible) 
Of which environmentally 
sustainable (Taxonomy-aligned) 
Of which 
enabling 

Of which Use of 
Proceeds 

TOTAL (CCM + CCA + WTR + CE + PPC + BIO) 

Of which towards taxonomy relevant sectors (Taxonomy-
eligible) 

Of which environmentally sustainable (Taxonomy-
aligned) 
Of which 
enabling 

Of which Use 
of Proceeds 

Of which 
transitional 

1 

GAR - Covered assets in both 
numerator and denominator 
Loans and advances, debt securities 
and equity instruments not HfT eligible 
for GAR calculation 
2  Financial undertakings 
3  Credit institutions 
4  Loans and advances 
5  Debt securities, including UoP 
6  Equity instruments 
7  Other financial corporations 
8  of which investment firms 
9  Loans and advances 
10 Debt securities, including UoP 
11 Equity instruments 
12 of which  management companies 
13 Loans and advances 
14 Debt securities, including UoP 
15 Equity instruments 
16 of which insurance undertakings 
17 Loans and advances 
18 Debt securities, including UoP 
19 Equity instruments 
20 Non-financial undertakings 
21 Loans and advances 
22 Debt securities, including UoP 
23 Equity instruments 
24 Households 

25 

of which loans collateralised by 
residential immovable property 
26 of which building renovation loans 
27 of which motor vehicle loans 
28 Local governments financing 

14,106,303 3,339,778 0 

0 0 
0 0 

0 0 

0 0 

0 0 

0 0 

2,191,060 
1,435,223 
854,447 
580,776 
0 
755,837 
59,625 
59,624 
0 
1 
26,032 
0 
0 
26,032 
1,797 
1,795 
0 
1 
192,736 
76,929 
115,807 
0 

11,722,507 3,339,778    

4,915,444 3,040,924    

127,689  127,416    
446,413  171,438    
0 0 

0 

0 

0 
0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 
0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0  0  0 

0  0  0 
0  0  0 

0  0  0 

0  0  0 

0  0  0 

0  0  0 

0 

0 
0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 3,390,535 23,481 

0 

0 

0 
0 

0 
3,358 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
3,358 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
47,400 23,481 
26,788 14,188 
20,612  9,293 
0 
0 
0 
  3,339,778 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0  0  0 

0 

  3,040,924 

   127,416 
   171,438 
0 
0 

0 

0 
0 
0 

0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 

0 

0 

0 
0 
0 

0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 

0 
0 
0 

0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 

0 
0 
0 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

103 

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
  
  
        
  
  
     
  
  
        
  
  
     
  
  
        
  
  
  
     
  
  
        
  
  
     
  
  
        
  
  
     
  
  
        
  
  
     
  
  
        
  
  
  
     
  
  
        
  
  
     
  
  
        
  
  
     
  
  
        
  
  
  
     
  
  
        
  
  
     
  
  
        
  
  
     
  
  
        
  
  
  
     
  
  
        
  
  
     
  
  
        
  
  
     
  
  
        
  
  
  
  
  
        
  
  
  
        
  
  
  
        
  
  
  
        
  
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

TOTAL (CCM + CCA + WTR + CE + PPC + BIO) 

Of which towards taxonomy relevant sectors (Taxonomy-
eligible) 

Of which environmentally sustainable (Taxonomy-
aligned) 
Of which 
enabling 
0 
0 

Of which Use 
of Proceeds 
0 
0 

Of which 
transitional 
0 
0 

0 
0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

in HUF million 

Total [gross] 
carrying amount 

Disclosure reference date 31.12.2023 

Climate Change Mitigation (CCM) 

Of which towards taxonomy relevant sectors 
(Taxonomy-eligible) 

Of which environmentally sustainable 
(Taxonomy-aligned) 
Of which 
Of which 
enabling 
transitional 

   Of which Use 
of Proceeds 

Climate Change Adaptation 
(CCA) 

Of which towards taxonomy 
relevant sectors (Taxonomy-
eligible) 
Of which environmentally 
sustainable (Taxonomy-aligned) 
Of which 
enabling 

Of which Use of 
Proceeds 

31 

29 Housing financing 
30 Other local government financing 
Collateral obtained by taking 
possession: residential and 
commercial immovable properties  
Assets excluded from the numerator 
for GAR calculation (covered in the 
denominator) 
Financial and Non-financial 
undertakings 
SMEs and NFCs (other than SMEs) not 
subject to NFRD disclosure obligations 

34 

33 

32 

35 Loans and advances 

36 

of which loans collateralised by 
commercial immovable property 
37 of which building renovation loans 
38 Debt securities 
39 Equity instruments 

49 

Non-EU country counterparties not 
subject to NFRD disclosure obligations 

41 Loans and advances 
42 Debt securities 
43 Equity instruments 
44 Derivatives 
45 On demand interbank loans 
46 Cash and cash-related assets 

47 

Other categories of assets (e.g. 
Goodwill, commodities etc.) 

0 
0 

0 

10,315 

11,562,435 

9,385,343 

6,860,587 

6,712,884 

146,932 
771 

2,524,756 

2,492,214 
30,472 
2,070 
41,967 
574,648 
605,799 

954,677 

48 Total GAR assets 

25,679,052 3,339,778 0 

0 

0 

0  0  0 

0 

0 3,390,535 23,481 

0 

0 

0 

49 

Assets not covered for GAR 
calculation 

50 

Central governments and 
Supranational issuers 
51 Central banks exposure 

13,930,092 

6,307,758 

7,401,137 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

104 

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
     
  
  
        
  
  
  
     
  
  
        
  
  
     
  
  
        
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

in HUF million 

Total [gross] 
carrying amount 

Disclosure reference date 31.12.2023 

Climate Change Mitigation (CCM) 

Of which towards taxonomy relevant sectors 
(Taxonomy-eligible) 

Of which environmentally sustainable 
(Taxonomy-aligned) 
Of which 
Of which 
enabling 
transitional 

   Of which Use 
of Proceeds 

Climate Change Adaptation 
(CCA) 

Of which towards taxonomy 
relevant sectors (Taxonomy-
eligible) 
Of which environmentally 
sustainable (Taxonomy-aligned) 
Of which 
enabling 

Of which Use of 
Proceeds 

TOTAL (CCM + CCA + WTR + CE + PPC + BIO) 

Of which towards taxonomy relevant sectors (Taxonomy-
eligible) 

Of which environmentally sustainable (Taxonomy-
aligned) 
Of which 
enabling 

Of which Use 
of Proceeds 

Of which 
transitional 

221,197 

52 Trading book 
53 Total assets 
Off-balance sheet exposures - Undertakings subject to NFRD disclosure obligations 
54 Financial guarantees 
55 Assets under management 
56 Of which debt securities  
57 Of which equity instruments  

173,787 
1,651,364 
794,009 
274,403 

39,609,144 3,339,778 0 

0 0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0  0  0 

0  0  0 

0 

0 

0 3,390,535 23,481 

0 

31,796  6,130 
113 
30,407  6,018 

1,389 

0 

0 
0 
0 

0 

0 

2,092 
1 
2,090 

4,039 
112 
3,927 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

105 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
  
  
        
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
     
  
  
        
  
  
     
  
  
        
  
  
OTP BANK 

2.  GAR sector information (Turnover) 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

Climate Change Mitigation (CCM) 

Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) 

TOTAL (CCM + CCA + WMR + CE + P + BE) 

Breakdown by sector - 
NACE 4 digits level 
(code and label) 

Non-Financial corporates 
(Subject to NFRD) 

SMEs and other NFC not 
subject to NFRD 

Non-Financial corporates 
(Subject to NFRD) 

SMEs and other NFC not 
subject to NFRD 

Non-Financial corporates (Subject to 
NFRD) 

SMEs and other NFC not subject to 
NFRD 

[Gross] carrying amount 

[Gross] carrying amount 

[Gross] carrying amount 

[Gross] carrying amount 

[Gross] carrying amount 

[Gross] carrying amount 

1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 

6420 
2442 
1920 
2120 
4211 
6201 
4690 
3250 
1107 
1105 
6110 
6831 
3511 
2732 
2550 
2012 
3513 
4634 
2059 
5221 
7010 
2110 
6190 
2219 
4730 
2041 
3523 
N/A 

HUF 
mn 

Of which 
environmentally 
sustainable (CCM) 

HUF 
mn 

Of which 
environmentally 
sustainable (CCM) 

HUF 
mn 

Of which 
environmentally 
sustainable (CCA) 

HUF 
mn 

Of which 
environmentally 
sustainable (CCA) 

HUF 
mn 

   53,016 
   11,420 
   27,517 
26 
739 
   26,372 
25 
   1,825 
355 
   4,893 
  2,522 
  5,208 
  5,689 
  1,744 
  10,979 
1 
  2,926 
  1,453 
698 
  2,930 
  14,894 
  3,898 
  1,057 
  2,257 
365 
  1,625 
  1,717 
  6,585 

HUF 
mn 

Of which environmentally 
sustainable (CCM + CCA + 
WTR + CE + PPC + BIO) 

Of which environmentally 
sustainable (CCM + CCA + 
WTR + CE + PPC + BIO) 
7,952 
9,365 
1,928 
0 
311 
451 
0 
0 
0 
0 
53 
4,984 
2,265 
628 
0 
0 
2,911 
0 
93 
0 
21 
0 
19 
160 
65 
0 
129 
31 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

106 

  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

2.  GAR sector information (CapEx) 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

Climate Change Mitigation (CCM) 

Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) 

TOTAL (CCM + CCA + WMR + CE + P + BE) 

Breakdown by sector - 
NACE 4 digits level 
(code and label) 

Non-Financial corporates 
(Subject to NFRD) 

SMEs and other NFC not 
subject to NFRD 

Non-Financial corporates 
(Subject to NFRD) 

SMEs and other NFC not 
subject to NFRD 

Non-Financial corporates (Subject to 
NFRD) 

SMEs and other NFC not subject to 
NFRD 

[Gross] carrying amount 

[Gross] carrying amount 

[Gross] carrying amount 

[Gross] carrying amount 

[Gross] carrying amount 

[Gross] carrying amount 

HUF 
mn 

Of which 
environmentally 
sustainable (CCM) 

HUF 
mn 

Of which 
environmentally 
sustainable (CCM) 

HUF 
mn 

Of which 
environmentally 
sustainable (CCA) 

HUF 
mn 

Of which 
environmentally 
sustainable (CCA) 

HUF 
mn 

Of which environmentally 
sustainable (CCM + CCA + 
WTR + CE + PPC + BIO) 

HUF 
mn 

Of which environmentally 
sustainable (CCM + CCA + 
WTR + CE + PPC + BIO) 

1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 

6420 
2442 
1920 
2120 
4211 
6201 
4690 
3250 
1107 
1105 
6110 
6831 
3511 
2732 
2550 
2012 
3513 
4634 
2059 
5221 
7010 
2110 
6190 
2219 
4730 
2041 
3523 
N/A 

   53,016 
   11,420 
   27,517 
26 
739 
   26,372 
25 
   1,825 
355 
   4,893 
  2,522 
  5,208 
  5,689 
  1,744 
  10,979 
1 
  2,926 
  1,453 
698 
  2,930 
  14,894 
  3,898 
  1,057 
  2,257 
365 
  1,625 
  1,717 
  6,585 

20,676 
4,454 
3,817 
0 
163 
259 
4 
778 
0 
19 
71 
5,010 
3,953 
663 
321 
0 
2,920 
0 
130 
0 
2,820 
417 
8 
169 
159 
0 
300 
289 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

107 

  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

3.  GAR KPI stock (Turnover) 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

% (compared to total covered assets in 
the denominator) 

GAR - Covered assets in both 
numerator and denominator 
Loans and advances, debt 
securities and equity 
instruments not HfT eligible for 
GAR calculation 

1 

2  Financial undertakings  
3  Credit institutions 
4  Loans and advances 
5  Debt securities, including UoP 
6  Equity instruments 
7  Other financial corporations 
8  of which investment firms 
9  Loans and advances 
10 Debt securities, including UoP 
11 Equity instruments 

12 

of which  management 
companies 

13 Loans and advances 
14 Debt securities, including UoP 
15 Equity instruments 
of which insurance 
undertakings 

16 

17 Loans and advances 
18 Debt securities, including UoP 
19 Equity instruments 
20 Non-financial undertakings 
21 Loans and advances 
22 Debt securities, including UoP 
23 Equity instruments 
24 Households 

25 

of which loans collateralised by 
residential immovable property 

Disclosure reference date 31.12.2023 

Climate Change Mitigation (CCM) 

Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) 

TOTAL (CCM + CCA + WTR + CE + PPC + BIO) 

Proportion of total covered assets funding taxonomy 
relevant sectors (Taxonomy-eligible) 

Proportion of total covered assets funding 
taxonomy relevant sectors (Taxonomy-aligned) 

Of which Use 
of Proceeds 

Of which 
transitional 

Of which 
enabling 

Proportion of total covered assets funding 
taxonomy relevant sectors (Taxonomy-eligible) 
Proportion of total covered assets 
funding taxonomy relevant sectors 
(Taxonomy-aligned) 
Of which 
enabling 

Of which Use of 
Proceeds 

Proportion of total covered assets funding taxonomy 
relevant sectors (Taxonomy-eligible) 

Proportion of total covered assets funding 
taxonomy relevant sectors (Taxonomy-aligned) 

Of which Use 
of Proceeds 

Of which 
transitional 

Of which 
enabling 

Proportion of 
total assets 
covered 

13.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0%  13.1%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

8.5% 

0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 

0.0%  0.0% 

0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 

0.0%  0.0% 

0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
13.0%  0.0% 

11.8%  0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0%  0.0% 

0.0%  0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0% 
0.1%  0.0% 
0.0% 
0.1%  0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0%  13.0%  0.0% 

0.0%  11.8%  0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.1% 
0.1% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
8.4% 

7.7% 

108 

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

Disclosure reference date 31.12.2023 

Climate Change Mitigation (CCM) 

Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) 

TOTAL (CCM + CCA + WTR + CE + PPC + BIO) 

Proportion of total covered assets funding taxonomy 
relevant sectors (Taxonomy-eligible) 

Proportion of total covered assets funding 
taxonomy relevant sectors (Taxonomy-aligned) 

Of which Use 
of Proceeds 

Of which 
transitional 

Of which 
enabling 

Proportion of total covered assets funding 
taxonomy relevant sectors (Taxonomy-eligible) 
Proportion of total covered assets 
funding taxonomy relevant sectors 
(Taxonomy-aligned) 
Of which 
enabling 

Of which Use of 
Proceeds 

Proportion of total covered assets funding taxonomy 
relevant sectors (Taxonomy-eligible) 

Proportion of total covered assets funding 
taxonomy relevant sectors (Taxonomy-aligned) 

Of which Use 
of Proceeds 

Of which 
transitional 

Of which 
enabling 

Proportion of 
total assets 
covered 

0.5%  0.0% 

0.7%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 

0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.5%  0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.7%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.3% 

0.4% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

% (compared to total covered assets in 
the denominator) 

26 

of which building renovation 
loans 

27 of which motor vehicle loans 
28 Local governments financing 
29 Housing financing 

30 

31 

Other local government 
financing 
Collateral obtained by taking 
possession: residential and 
commercial immovable 
properties  

32 Total GAR assets 

13.01%  0.00% 

0.00% 

0.00% 

0.00%  0.00%  0.00% 

0.00% 

0.00%  13.14%  0.05% 

0.00% 

0.00% 

0.00% 

8.52% 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

109 

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

3.  GAR KPI stock (CapEx) 

% (compared to total covered assets in 
the denominator) 

GAR - Covered assets in both 
numerator and denominator 
Loans and advances, debt 
securities and equity 
instruments not HfT eligible for 
GAR calculation 

1 

2  Financial undertakings  
3  Credit institutions 
4  Loans and advances 
5  Debt securities, including UoP 
6  Equity instruments 
7  Other financial corporations 
8  of which investment firms 
9  Loans and advances 
10 Debt securities, including UoP 
11 Equity instruments 

12 

of which  management 
companies 

13 Loans and advances 
14 Debt securities, including UoP 
15 Equity instruments 
of which insurance 
undertakings 

16 

17 Loans and advances 
18 Debt securities, including UoP 
19 Equity instruments 
20 Non-financial undertakings 
21 Loans and advances 
22 Debt securities, including UoP 
23 Equity instruments 
24 Households 

25 

26 

of which loans collateralised by 
residential immovable property 
of which building renovation 
loans 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

Disclosure reference date 31.12.2023 

Climate Change Mitigation (CCM) 

Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) 

TOTAL (CCM + CCA + WTR + CE + PPC + BIO) 

Proportion of total covered assets funding taxonomy 
relevant sectors (Taxonomy-eligible) 

Proportion of total covered assets funding 
taxonomy relevant sectors (Taxonomy-aligned) 

Of which Use 
of Proceeds 

Of which 
transitional 

Of which 
enabling 

Proportion of total covered assets funding 
taxonomy relevant sectors (Taxonomy-eligible) 
Proportion of total covered assets 
funding taxonomy relevant sectors 
(Taxonomy-aligned) 
Of which 
enabling 

Of which Use of 
Proceeds 

Proportion of total covered assets funding taxonomy 
relevant sectors (Taxonomy-eligible) 

Proportion of total covered assets funding 
taxonomy relevant sectors (Taxonomy-aligned) 

Of which Use 
of Proceeds 

Of which 
transitional 

Of which 
enabling 

Proportion of 
total assets 
covered 

13.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0%  13.2%  0.1% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

13.2% 

0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 

0.0%  0.0% 

0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 

0.0%  0.0% 

0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
13.0%  0.0% 

11.8%  0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0%  0.0% 

0.0%  0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0% 
0.2%  0.1% 
0.0% 
0.1%  0.1% 
0.0% 
0.1%  0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  13.0%  0.0% 

0.0%  11.8%  0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.1% 
0.1% 
0.1% 
0.0% 
8.4% 

7.7% 

0.5%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.5%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.3% 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

110 

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
30 

31 

Other local government 
financing 
Collateral obtained by taking 
possession: residential and 
commercial immovable 
properties  

OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

Climate Change Mitigation (CCM) 

Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) 

TOTAL (CCM + CCA + WTR + CE + PPC + BIO) 

Disclosure reference date 31.12.2023 

% (compared to total covered assets in 
the denominator) 

Proportion of total covered assets funding taxonomy 
relevant sectors (Taxonomy-eligible) 

Proportion of total covered assets funding 
taxonomy relevant sectors (Taxonomy-aligned) 

27 of which motor vehicle loans 
28 Local governments financing 
29 Housing financing 

0.7%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 

Of which Use 
of Proceeds 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

Of which 
transitional 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

Proportion of total covered assets funding 
taxonomy relevant sectors (Taxonomy-eligible) 
Proportion of total covered assets 
funding taxonomy relevant sectors 
(Taxonomy-aligned) 
Of which 
enabling 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

Of which Use of 
Proceeds 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 

Of which 
enabling 

Proportion of total covered assets funding taxonomy 
relevant sectors (Taxonomy-eligible) 

Proportion of total covered assets funding 
taxonomy relevant sectors (Taxonomy-aligned) 

Proportion of 
total assets 
covered 

Of which Use 
of Proceeds 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

Of which 
transitional 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

Of which 
enabling 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.7%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 

0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.4% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

32 Total GAR assets 

13.01%  0.00% 

0.00% 

0.00% 

0.00%  0.00%  0.00% 

0.00% 

0.00%  13.20%  0.09% 

0.00% 

0.00% 

0.00% 

8.56% 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

111 

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

4. GAR KPI flow (Turnover) 

% (compared to flow of total covered 
assets) 

GAR - Covered assets in 
both numerator and 
denominator 
Loans and advances, debt 
securities and equity 
instruments not HfT eligible for 
GAR calculation 

1 

2  Financial undertakings 
3  Credit institutions 
4  Loans and advances 
5  Debt securities, including UoP 
6  Equity instruments 
7  Other financial corporations 
8  of which investment firms 
9  Loans and advances 
10 Debt securities, including UoP 
11 Equity instruments 

12 

of which  management 
companies 

13 Loans and advances 
14 Debt securities, including UoP 
15 Equity instruments 
of which insurance 
undertakings 

16 

17 Loans and advances 
18 Debt securities, including UoP 
19 Equity instruments 
20 Non-financial undertakings 
21 Loans and advances 
22 Debt securities, including UoP 
23 Equity instruments 
24 Households 

25 

of which loans collateralised by 
residential immovable property 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

Climate Change Mitigation (CCM) 

Proportion of total covered assets funding taxonomy 
relevant sectors (Taxonomy-eligible) 

Proportion of total covered assets funding 
taxonomy relevant sectors (Taxonomy-aligned) 

Of which Use 
of Proceeds 

Of which 
transitional 

Of which 
enabling 

Disclosure reference date 31.12.2023 

Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) 
Proportion of total covered assets funding 
taxonomy relevant sectors (Taxonomy-eligible) 
Proportion of total covered assets 
funding taxonomy relevant sectors 
(Taxonomy-aligned) 
Of which 
enabling 

Of which Use of 
Proceeds 

TOTAL (CCM + CCA + WTR + CE + PPC + BIO) 

Proportion of total covered assets funding taxonomy 
relevant sectors (Taxonomy-eligible) 

Proportion of total covered assets funding 
taxonomy relevant sectors (Taxonomy-aligned) 

Of which Use 
of Proceeds 

Of which 
transitional 

Of which 
enabling 

Proportion of 
total new assets 
covered 

24.1%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0%  24.2%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

13.1% 

0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 

0.0%  0.0% 

0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 

0.0%  0.0% 

0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
24.1%  0.0% 

22.1%  0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0%  0.0% 

0.0%  0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0% 
0.1%  0.0% 
0.0% 
0.1%  0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0%  24.1%  0.0% 

0.0%  22.1%  0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
13.1% 

12.0% 

112 

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

% (compared to flow of total covered 
assets) 

Climate Change Mitigation (CCM) 

Proportion of total covered assets funding taxonomy 
relevant sectors (Taxonomy-eligible) 

Proportion of total covered assets funding 
taxonomy relevant sectors (Taxonomy-aligned) 

Of which Use 
of Proceeds 

Of which 
transitional 

Of which 
enabling 

Disclosure reference date 31.12.2023 

Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) 
Proportion of total covered assets funding 
taxonomy relevant sectors (Taxonomy-eligible) 
Proportion of total covered assets 
funding taxonomy relevant sectors 
(Taxonomy-aligned) 
Of which 
enabling 

Of which Use of 
Proceeds 

TOTAL (CCM + CCA + WTR + CE + PPC + BIO) 

Proportion of total covered assets funding taxonomy 
relevant sectors (Taxonomy-eligible) 

Proportion of total covered assets funding 
taxonomy relevant sectors (Taxonomy-aligned) 

Of which Use 
of Proceeds 

Of which 
transitional 

Of which 
enabling 

Proportion of 
total new assets 
covered 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.9%  0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

1.1%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.5% 

0.6% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

26 

of which building renovation 
loans 

0.9%  0.0% 

27 of which motor vehicle loans 
28 Local governments financing 
29 Housing financing 

1.1%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 

0.0%  0.0% 

30 

31 

Other local government 
financing 
Collateral obtained by taking 
possession: residential and 
commercial immovable 
properties  

0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

32 Total GAR assets 

24.08%  0.00% 

0.00% 

0.00% 

0.00%  0.00%  0.00% 

0.00% 

0.00%  24.17%  0.00% 

0.00% 

0.00% 

0.00% 

13.14% 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

113 

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

4. GAR KPI flow (CapEx) 

% (compared to flow of total covered 
assets) 

GAR - Covered assets in 
both numerator and 
denominator 
Loans and advances, debt 
securities and equity 
instruments not HfT eligible for 
GAR calculation 

1 

2  Financial undertakings 
3  Credit institutions 
4  Loans and advances 
5  Debt securities, including UoP 
6  Equity instruments 
7  Other financial corporations 
8  of which investment firms 
9  Loans and advances 
10 Debt securities, including UoP 
11 Equity instruments 

12 

of which  management 
companies 

13 Loans and advances 
14 Debt securities, including UoP 
15 Equity instruments 
of which insurance 
undertakings 

16 

17 Loans and advances 
18 Debt securities, including UoP 
19 Equity instruments 
20 Non-financial undertakings 
21 Loans and advances 
22 Debt securities, including UoP 
23 Equity instruments 
24 Households 

25 

of which loans collateralised by 
residential immovable property 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

Disclosure reference date 31.12.2023 

Climate Change Mitigation (CCM) 

Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) 

TOTAL (CCM + CCA + WTR + CE + PPC + BIO) 

Proportion of total covered assets funding taxonomy 
relevant sectors (Taxonomy-eligible) 

Proportion of total covered assets funding 
taxonomy relevant sectors (Taxonomy-aligned) 

Of which Use 
of Proceeds 

Of which 
transitional 

Of which 
enabling 

Proportion of total covered assets funding 
taxonomy relevant sectors (Taxonomy-eligible) 
Proportion of total covered assets 
funding taxonomy relevant sectors 
(Taxonomy-aligned) 
Of which 
enabling 

Of which Use of 
Proceeds 

Proportion of total covered assets funding taxonomy 
relevant sectors (Taxonomy-eligible) 

Proportion of total covered assets funding 
taxonomy relevant sectors (Taxonomy-aligned) 

Of which Use 
of Proceeds 

Of which 
transitional 

Of which 
enabling 

Proportion of 
total new assets 
covered 

24.1%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0%  24.1%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

13.1% 

0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 

0.0%  0.0% 

0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 

0.0%  0.0% 

0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
24.1%  0.0% 
22.1%  0.0% 

0.9%  0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0%  0.0% 

0.0%  0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0% 
0.1%  0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0%  24.1%  0.0% 
0.0%  22.1%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.9%  0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

114 

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

% (compared to flow of total covered 
assets) 

Disclosure reference date 31.12.2023 

Climate Change Mitigation (CCM) 

Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) 

TOTAL (CCM + CCA + WTR + CE + PPC + BIO) 

Proportion of total covered assets funding taxonomy 
relevant sectors (Taxonomy-eligible) 

Proportion of total covered assets funding 
taxonomy relevant sectors (Taxonomy-aligned) 

Of which Use 
of Proceeds 

Of which 
transitional 

Of which 
enabling 

Proportion of total covered assets funding 
taxonomy relevant sectors (Taxonomy-eligible) 
Proportion of total covered assets 
funding taxonomy relevant sectors 
(Taxonomy-aligned) 
Of which 
enabling 

Of which Use of 
Proceeds 

Proportion of total covered assets funding taxonomy 
relevant sectors (Taxonomy-eligible) 

Proportion of total covered assets funding 
taxonomy relevant sectors (Taxonomy-aligned) 

Of which Use 
of Proceeds 

Of which 
transitional 

Of which 
enabling 

Proportion of 
total new assets 
covered 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

1.1%  0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 
0.0% 
0.0% 

0.0% 

26 

of which building renovation 
loans 

1.1%  0.0% 

27 of which motor vehicle loans 
28 Local governments financing 
29 Housing financing 

0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 
0.0%  0.0% 

0.0%  0.0% 

30 

31 

Other local government 
financing 
Collateral obtained by taking 
possession: residential and 
commercial immovable 
properties  

0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0%  0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

0.0% 

32 Total GAR assets 

24.08%  0.00% 

0.00% 

0.00% 

0.00%  0.00%  0.00% 

0.00% 

0.00%  24.13%  0.00% 

0.00% 

0.00% 

0.00% 

13.12% 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

115 

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

5. KPI off-balance sheet exposures (Turnover) 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

Climate Change Mitigation (CCM) 

Proportion of total covered assets funding taxonomy relevant 
sectors (Taxonomy-eligible) 

Proportion of total covered assets funding taxonomy 
relevant sectors (Taxonomy-aligned) 
Of which 
Of which 
enabling 
transitional 

Of which Use of 
Proceeds 

Disclosure reference date 31.12.2023 
Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) 

Proportion of total covered assets funding taxonomy 
relevant sectors  
(Taxonomy-eligible) 
Proportion of total covered assets funding 
taxonomy relevant sectors (Taxonomy-aligned) 
Of which 
enabling 

Of which Use of 
Proceeds 

TOTAL (CCM + CCA + WTR + CE + PPC + BIO) 

Proportion of total covered assets funding taxonomy relevant 
sectors (Taxonomy-eligible) 

Proportion of total covered assets funding taxonomy 
relevant sectors (Taxonomy-aligned) 
Of which 
Of which 
enabling 
transitional 

Of which Use of 
Proceeds 

0.00%  0.00% 

0.00% 

0.00% 

0.00%  0.00%  0.00% 

0.00% 

0.00%  0.00%  0.00% 

0.00% 

0.00% 

0.00% 

0.00%  0.00% 

0.00% 

0.00% 

0.00%  0.00%  0.00% 

0.00% 

0.00%  1.35%  0.12% 

0.00% 

0.02% 

0.10% 

% (compared to total 
assets covered) 

1 

2 

Financial guarantees 
(FinGuar KPI) 
Assets under 
management (AuM 
KPI) 

5. KPI off-balance sheet exposures (CapEx) 

Climate Change Mitigation (CCM) 

Proportion of total covered assets funding taxonomy relevant 
sectors (Taxonomy-eligible) 

Proportion of total covered assets funding taxonomy 
relevant sectors (Taxonomy-aligned) 
Of which 
Of which 
enabling 
transitional 

Of which Use of 
Proceeds 

Disclosure reference date 31.12.2023 
Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) 

Proportion of total covered assets funding taxonomy 
relevant sectors 
 (Taxonomy-eligible) 
Proportion of total covered assets funding 
taxonomy relevant sectors (Taxonomy-aligned) 
Of which 
enabling 

Of which Use of 
Proceeds 

TOTAL (CCM + CCA + WTR + CE + PPC + BIO) 

Proportion of total covered assets funding taxonomy relevant 
sectors (Taxonomy-eligible) 

Proportion of total covered assets funding taxonomy 
relevant sectors (Taxonomy-aligned) 
Of which 
Of which 
enabling 
transitional 

Of which Use of 
Proceeds 

0.00%  0.00% 

0.00% 

0.00% 

0.00%  0.00%  0.00% 

0.00% 

0.00%  0.00%  0.00% 

0.00% 

0.00% 

0.00% 

0.00%  0.00% 

0.00% 

0.00% 

0.00%  0.00%  0.00% 

0.00% 

0.00%  1.93%  0.37% 

0.00% 

0.13% 

0.24% 

% (compared to total assets 
covered) 

1 

2 

Financial  guarantees 
(FinGuar KPI) 
Assets under 
management (AuM 
KPI) 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

116 

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

Summary of credit institution KPIs for the OTP Group's subsidiary banks 

0. Summary of KPIs to be disclosed by credit institutions under Article 8 Taxonomy Regulation  – DSK Bank EAD (Bulgaria) 

Main KPI 

Green asset ratio (GAR) stock 

Total 
environmentally 
sustainable 
assets (Turnover) 
HUF mn 
0 

Total 
environmentally 
sustainable 
assets (CapEx) 
HUF mn 
0 

KPI – 
turnover2 
0.00% 

KPI – 
CapEx3 
0.00% 

% coverage 
(over total 
assets)1 
75.50% 

1 % of assets covered by the KPI (GAR total asset) over banks’ total assets  
2 based on the turnover KPI of the counterparty 
3 based on the CapEx KPI of the counterparty, except for lending activities where for general lending turnover KPI is used  

Total 
environmentally 
sustainable 
activities 
(Turnover) 
HUF mn 

Total 
environmentally 
sustainable 
activities (CapEx) 
HUF mn 

0 

0 
0 

0 

0 
0 

KPI - 
turnover 
(compared 
to flow of 
total 
covered 
assets) 

0.00% 

0.00% 
0.00% 

KPI - CapEx 
(compared 
to flow of 
total 
covered 
assets) 
0.00% 

0.00% 
0.00% 

% 
coverage 
(over total 
assets) 
68.17% 

Additional KPIs 

GAR (flow) 
Financial guarantees 
Assets under management 

Comment 1: For reporting templates: cells with a black background do not need to be completed.  
Comment 2: Fees and commissions (worksheet 6) and the Trading book (worksheet 7) are only applicable from 2026, 

% of assets 
excluded 
from the 
numerator of 
the GAR 
(Article 7 (2) 
and (3) and 
Section 1.1.2. 
of Annex V) 
28.16% 

% of assets 
excluded 
from the 
denominator 
of the GAR 
(Article 7 (1)) 
and Section 
1.2.4 of 
 Annex V) 
24.50% 

% of assets 
excluded 
from the 
numerator of 
the GAR 
(Article 7 (2) 
and (3) and 
Section 
1.1.2. of 
Annex V) 
14.79% 

% of assets 
excluded from 
the 
denominator 
of the GAR 
(Article 7 (1)) 
and Section 
1.2.4 of  
Annex V) 
10.25% 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

117 

  
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

0. Summary of KPIs to be disclosed by credit institutions under Article 8 Taxonomy Regulation  – OTP banka Hrvatska d.d. (Croatia) 

Main KPI 

Green asset ratio (GAR) stock 

Total environmentally 
sustainable assets 
(Turnover) 
HUF mn 
0.00 

Total 
environmentally 
sustainable 
assets (CapEx) 
HUF mn 
213.87 

KPI – 
turnover2 
0.00% 

KPI – 
CapEx3 
0.01% 

% 
coverage 
(over total 
assets)1 
67.88% 

1 % of assets covered by the KPI (GAR total asset) over banks’ total assets  
2 based on the turnover KPI of the counterparty 
3 based on the CapEx KPI of the counterparty, except for lending activities where for general lending turnover KPI is used  

% of assets 
excluded 
from the 
numerator of 
the GAR 
(Article 7 (2) 
and (3) and 
Section 1.1.2. 
of Annex V) 
29.27% 

% of assets 
excluded from 
the 
denominator 
of the GAR 
(Article 7 (1)) 
and Section 
1.2.4 of 
 Annex V) 
32.12% 

Total environmentally 
sustainable activities 
(Turnover)  
HUF mn 

0.00 
0.00 
0.00 

Total 
environmentally 
sustainable 
activities 
(CapEx) HUF mn 
0.00 

0.00 
0.00 

KPI - 
turnover 
(compared 
to flow of 
total 
covered 
assets) 

KPI - 
CapEx 
(compared 
to flow of 
total 
covered 
assets) 

0.00% 
0.00% 
0.00% 

0.00% 
0.00% 
0.00% 

% of assets 
excluded 
from the 
numerator of 
the GAR 
(Article 7 (2) 
and (3) and 
Section 
1.1.2. of 
Annex V) 

% of assets 
excluded from 
the 
denominator 
of the GAR 
(Article 7 (1)) 
and Section 
1.2.4 of  
Annex V) 

% 
coverage 
(over 
total 
assets) 

49.13% 

24.53% 

50.87% 

Additional KPIs 

GAR (flow) 
Financial guarantees 
Assets under management 

Comment 1: For reporting templates: cells with a black background do not need to be completed.  
Comment 2: Fees and commissions (worksheet 6) and the Trading book (worksheet 7) are only applicable from 2026, 

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0. Summary of KPIs to be disclosed by credit institutions under Article 8 Taxonomy Regulation  – OTP Bank Romania S.A. (Romania) 

Main KPI 

Green asset ratio (GAR) stock 

Total environmentally 
sustainable assets 
(Turnover) 
HUF mn 
0.00 

Total 
environmentally 
sustainable 
assets (CapEx) 
HUF mn 
213.87 

KPI – 
turnover2 
0.00% 

KPI – 
CapEx3 
0.01% 

% coverage 
(over total 
assets)1 
67.88% 

1 % of assets covered by the KPI (GAR total asset) over banks’ total assets  
2 based on the turnover KPI of the counterparty 
3 based on the CapEx KPI of the counterparty, except for lending activities where for general lending turnover KPI is used  

% of assets 
excluded 
from the 
numerator 
of the GAR 
(Article 7 (2) 
and (3) and 
Section 
1.1.2. of 
Annex V) 
29.27% 

% of assets 
excluded 
from the 
denominator 
of the GAR 
(Article 7 (1)) 
and Section 
1.2.4 of 
 Annex V) 
32.12% 

Total environmentally 
sustainable activities 
(Turnover)  
HUF mn 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
Comment 1: For reporting templates: cells with a black background do not need to be completed.  
Comment 2: Fees and commissions (worksheet 6) and the Trading book (worksheet 7) are only applicable from 2026, 

GAR (flow) 
Financial guarantees 
Assets under management 

Total 
environmentally 
sustainable 
activities (CapEx) 
HUF mn 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 

Additional KPIs 

% of assets 
excluded 
from the 
numerator of 
the GAR 
(Article 7 (2) 
and (3) and 
Section 
1.1.2. of 
Annex V) 
24.53% 

% of assets 
excluded from 
the 
denominator 
of the GAR 
(Article 7 (1)) 
and Section 
1.2.4 of  
Annex V) 
50.87% 

% 
coverage 
(over total 
assets) 
49.13% 

KPI - 
turnover 
(compared 
to flow of 
total 
covered 
assets) 
0.00% 
0.00% 
0.00% 

KPI - 
CapEx 
(compared 
to flow of 
total 
covered 
assets) 
0.00% 
0.00% 
0.00% 

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0. Summary of KPIs to be disclosed by credit institutions under Article 8 Taxonomy Regulation  – Nova KBM d.d. (Slovenia) 

Main KPI 

Green asset ratio (GAR) stock 

Total environmentally 
sustainable assets 
(Turnover)  
HUF mn 
5,521 

Total 
environmentally 
sustainable 
assets (CapEx) 
HUF mn 
5,653 

KPI – 
turnover2 
0.00 

KPI – 
CapEx3 
0.00 

% 
coverage 
(over total 
assets)1 
60.0% 

1 % of assets covered by the KPI (GAR total asset) over banks’ total assets  
2 based on the turnover KPI of the counterparty 
3 based on the CapEx KPI of the counterparty, except for lending activities where for general lending turnover KPI is used  

Additional KPIs 

GAR (flow) 
Financial guarantees 
Assets under management 

Total 
environmentally 
sustainable 
activities 
(Turnover)  
HUF mn 
0.00 
1,990 
0.00 

Total 
environmentally 
sustainable 
activities 
(CapEx) HUF mn 
0.00 
2,641 
0.00 

KPI - 
turnover 
(compared 
to flow of 
total 
covered 
assets) 
0.08% 
0.01% 
0.00% 

KPI - 
CapEx 
(compared 
to flow of 
total 
covered 
assets) 
0.10% 
0.10% 
0.00% 

% 
coverage 
(over 
total 
assets) 
13.33% 

Comment 1: For reporting templates: cells with a black background do not need to be completed.  
Comment 2: Fees and commissions (worksheet 6) and the Trading book (worksheet 7) are only applicable from 2026, 

% of assets 
excluded 
from the 
numerator of 
the GAR 
(Article 7 (2) 
and (3) and 
Section 1.1.2. 
of Annex V) 
23.0% 

% of assets 
excluded from 
the 
denominator 
of the GAR 
(Article 7 (1)) 
and Section 
1.2.4 of 
 Annex V) 
40.0% 

% of assets 
excluded 
from the 
numerator of 
the GAR 
(Article 7 (2) 
and (3) and 
Section 
1.1.2. of 
Annex V) 
4.36% 

% of assets 
excluded from 
the 
denominator 
of the GAR 
(Article 7 (1)) 
and Section 
1.2.4 of  
Annex V) 
26.46% 

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0. Summary of KPIs to be disclosed by credit institutions under Article 8 Taxonomy Regulation  – SKB Banka d.d. Ljubljana (Slovenia) 

Main KPI 

Green asset ratio (GAR) stock 

Total environmentally 
sustainable assets 
(Turnover)  
HUF mn 
0.00 

Total 
environmentally 
sustainable 
assets (CapEx) 
HUF mn 
0.00 

KPI – 
turnover2 
0.00% 

KPI – 
CapEx3 
0.00% 

% 
coverage 
(over total 
assets)1 
69.2% 

1 % of assets covered by the KPI (GAR total asset) over banks’ total assets  
2 based on the turnover KPI of the counterparty 
3 based on the CapEx KPI of the counterparty, except for lending activities where for general lending turnover KPI is used  

Total environmentally 
sustainable activities 
(Turnover)  
HUF mn 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 

Total 
environmentally 
sustainable 
activities 
(CapEx) HUF mn 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 

KPI - 
turnover 
(compared 
to flow of 
total 
covered 
assets) 
0.00% 
0.00% 
0.00% 

KPI - 
CapEx 
(compared 
to flow of 
total 
covered 
assets) 
0.00% 
0.00% 
0.00% 

% 
coverage 
(over 
total 
assets) 
55.0% 

Additional KPIs 

GAR (flow) 
Financial guarantees 
Assets under management 

Comment 1: For reporting templates: cells with a black background do not need to be completed. 
Comment 2: Fees and commissions (worksheet 6) and the Trading book (worksheet 7) are only applicable from 2026, 

% of assets 
excluded 
from the 
numerator of 
the GAR 
(Article 7 (2) 
and (3) and 
Section 1.1.2. 
of Annex V) 
26.5% 

% of assets 
excluded from 
the 
denominator 
of the GAR 
(Article 7 (1)) 
and Section 
1.2.4 of 
 Annex V) 
30.8% 

% of assets 
excluded 
from the 
numerator of 
the GAR 
(Article 7 (2) 
and (3) and 
Section 
1.1.2. of 
Annex V) 
23.0% 

% of assets 
excluded from 
the 
denominator 
of the GAR 
(Article 7 (1)) 
and Section 
1.2.4 of  
Annex V) 
45.0% 

The separate report published by OTP Fund Management and the templates specified in Annex XII of Regulation No. 2021/2178 are  presented under a separate 
sub-heading. 

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General qualitative information on the content and methodology of KPIs published in Annex XI of 
Regulation No. 2021/2178: 

The scope of assets and activities covered by the KPIs: 

Asset portfolio covered 

The  calculation  of  the  green  asset  ratio  (GAR)  for  on-balance  sheet  exposures  shall  cover  the  following 
accounting  categories  of  financial  assets,  including  loans  and  advances,  debt  securities,  equity  holdings 
and repossessed collaterals: 

a) 
b) 
c) 
d) 
e) 

f) 

financial assets at amortised cost; 
financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income; 
investments in subsidiaries; 
joint ventures and associates; 
financial  assets  designated  at  fair  value  through  profit  or  loss  and  non-trading  financial  assets 
mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss; 
real  estate  collaterals  obtained  by  credit  institutions  by  taking  possession  in  exchange  for  the 
cancellation of debts. 

In  accordance  with  Article  7(1)  of  Regulation  No.  2021/2178,  exposures  to  central  governments,  central 
banks and supranational issuers shall be excluded from the calculation of the numerator and denominator 
of key performance indicators of financial undertakings. 

Pursuant to Article 7 of Regulation No. 2021/2178, the following assets are excluded from the numerator of 
the GAR: 

financial assets held for trading; 

a) 
b)  on-demand interbank loans; 
c) 

(c) exposures to undertakings that are not obliged to publish non-financial information pursuant to 
Article 19a or 29a of Directive No. 2013/34/EU; 

d)  derivatives; 
e)  cash and cash-related assets; 
f)  other categories of assets (e.g. goodwill, goods, etc.). 

The  calculation  of  KPIs  for  off-balance  sheet  exposures  considered  financial  guarantees  granted  by 
OTP Group, and assets under management for guarantee and investee non -financial undertakings. Other 
off-balance sheet exposures such as commitments have been excluded from that calculation.  

The exposures of all entities included in the prudential consolidation scope of OTP Bank (credit institution 
subsidiaries, other financial institutions and non-financial undertakings) are included in  – relevant rows in 
column  ‘a’  (Total  gross  carrying  amount)  of  total  assets  –  Template  1  of  Annex  VI  of  Regulation  No. 
2021/2178, thus ensuring that the balance of row 55 (“Total assets”) is equal to the total assets row of the 
consolidated  FINREP  balance  sheet.  Exceptions  to  this  are  entities  whose  exposures  relative  to  the 
exposures of credit institutions do not meet the thresholds set by the financial materiality criteria, taking into 
account materiality criteria. 

Based  on  the  guidance  in  Annex  III  of  EU  Regulation  No.  2021/2178,  gross  exposures  have  been 
aggregated in the relevant row of Template 1 of the GAR for credit institutions based on the separate report 
of OTP Fund Management. Exposures on assets under management are shown on a consolidated basis in 
the asset GAR indicator in summary template 0. 

Financial  data  are  identified  solely  based  on  the  Bank’s  analytical  credit  and  risk  database  and  FINREP 
balance sheet data. In respect of alignment with the taxonomy, data were generated through individual data 
requests or from publicly available data.

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Findings concerning Annex VI of Regulation No. 2021/2178, worksheet ‘0’ 

The use of CAPEX and turnover-based reporting has necessitated the duplication of KPI cells. 

The definition of the KPIs shall be based on the following components: 

a) 

the numerator, which shall cover the loans and advances, debt securities, equities and repossessed 
collaterals, financing Taxonomy-aligned economic activities based on turnover KPI and CapEx KPI 
of underlying assets. 

b)  (b)  the  denominator,  which  shall  cover  the  total  loans  and  advances,  total  debt  securities,  total 

equities and total repossessed collaterals and all other covered on-balance sheet assets. 
Pursuant  to  point  1.2.3.  (Fees  and  commissions)  of  Annex  V,  KPIs  for  trading  book  items  and  fees  and 
commissions are applicable from 1 January 2026. 

Findings concerning Annex VI of Regulation No. 2021/2178, Template 1 

The template has been duplicated on the basis of counterparty turnover an d CapEx data. 

The numerators of the two GAR KPIs differ for (general) loans for unknown purpose, bond exposure and 
equity holdings to non-financial undertakings. 

Exposures were analysed along the following customer segmentation:  

• 
• 
• 

• 

• 

financial undertakings 
non-financial undertakings 
retail customers (with the following sub-categories: residential property, home renovation and car 
loans) 
local  governments  (only  with  the  following  sub-category:  housing  financing)  –  rental  housing 
financing or known green loan purpose 
collateral obtained by taking possession, residential and commercial real estate  

For the completion of the T-1 gross carrying amount fields, the exposures are filled in based on the bank 
databases, filtered for the T-1 period in the same way as for the T period. Data on taxonomy alignment is 
completed based on data from the 2022 report, where available.  

Information on financial undertakings 

According to the Bank's interpretation in 2024 (for the 2023 financial year) it will not be required to report 
the  share  of  their  Taxonomy-aligned  economic  activity  in  respect  of  exposures  to  financial  undertakings. 
This is because financial institutions will only publish their GAR indicators in 2024 (concerning the end of 
2023)  and,  therefore,  the  data  are  not  available  for  financial  institutions  to  include  in  their  2024  reports. 
Financial  institutions  will,  therefore,  only  have  to  report  them  from  2025  (taking  into  account  the  latest 
available  data).  The  published  data  on  taxonomy  eligibility  is  not  comprehensive  (no   environmental 
breakdown),  so  the  Bank  was  forced  to  rely  on  the  information  in  the  Bank’s  IT  systems  and  the  Bank’s 
markers (for transactions that have undergone a green alignment assessment) to identify green exposures 
for  the  2023  financial  year.  The  Bank’s  short-term  plans  include  the  integration  of  financial  counterparty 
reporting into bank group level controlling systems. 

Information on non-financial undertakings 

Customers covered by the NFRD were identified as follows: 

Number of employees 

> 500 persons 

Public interest entities subject to 
NFRD under Hungarian 
accounting 

Public interest entities subject to 
NFRD for the following EU 
subsidiary banks: Bulgaria, 
Croatia, Romania, Slovenia 
> 500 persons 

Total assets 
  Annual net sales revenue 
Number of employees 

> HUF 6 billion 

> HUF 12 billion 

> 250 persons 

> EUR 20 million 

> EUR 40 million 

At least two of the following are met  listed on a stock exchange and 

For the application of the above filtering criteria, data compiled by an external data provider and existing in 
the banking systems were used. 

Loans and debt securities exposures to non-financial undertakings were taken into account on the basis of 
known  and  unknown  loan  purposes.  In  the  case  of  known  loan  purposes,  transactions  that  have  been 
designated on the basis of the Bank’s eligibility and alignment checks have been taken into account. In the 
case of unknown loan purposes and for equity exposures, the counterparty’s disclosed turnover and CAP EX 
eligibility and alignment information has been taken into account. 

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If no published information was available for the counterparty concerned, the Bank did not take into account 
the counterparty’s exposures for the purposes of eligibility and alignment in  the course of reporting. 

The breakdown by environmental objective is not available for publicly available data for Taxonomy -eligible 
exposures, so the Bank presents data in the total (CCM + CCA) fields for the given exposure category for 
transparency and ease of interpretation. 

A further limitation is that we currently have limited ability to identify and examine the group -level exposure 
of companies subject to the NFRD. The Bank’s short term plans include the comprehensive and up -to-date 
identification  of  the  non-financial  counterparties  concerned  by  the  GAR  report  and  the  integration  of  the 
necessary data records into the appropriate banking IT systems. 

Information on households 

In preparing the report, the entities operating in the following countries were considered: 

Bulgaria, Croatia, Hungary, Romania and Slovenia. 

GAR for retail exposures to residential real estate or house renovation loans was calculated as a proportion 
of  loans  to  households  collateralised  by  residential  immovable  property  or  granted  for  house  renovation 
purposes that is Taxonomy-aligned in accordance with the relevant technical screening criteria for buildings, 
in particular renovation and acquisition and ownership in accordance with Annex I and Sections 7.1, 7.2, 
7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, and 7.7 respectively of Annex II to Delegated Regulation (EU) No. 2021/2139 or Sections 
3.1 and 3.2 of Annex II to Delegated Regulation (EU) No. 2023/2486, compared to total loans to households 
collateralised by residential immovable property or granted for house renovation purposes. 

By households, the Bank means retail customers and sole proprietors. 

Under EU Regulation No. 2021/2178, the Bank includes general purpose loans collateralised by residential 
immovable property in the gross exposure, but these exposures are excluded during the Taxonomy check. 

In  line  with  the  spirit  of  the  legal  interpretation,  in  order  to  avoid  duplication  of  exposures,  the  Bank  has 
decided to show exposures related to building modernisation as defined in Section 7. 2  of Annex I  of the 
Delegated  Act  only  in  row  28  of  Template  and  to  exclude  these  exposures  from  loans  collateralised  by 
residential immovable property. 

GAR for retail exposures to credit consumption loans for car loans shall be calculated as the proportio n of 
loans financing cars complying with the technical screening criteria as laid down in Section 6.5 of Annex I 
to Climate Delegated Act. This GAR shall include disclosures of transitional activities, and disclosures of 
stock of loans only for loans granted after [the date of application of this Regulation (EU) No. 2021/2178] 
and flow of loans. 

The special lending field cannot be interpreted for this exposure category and is not completed by the Bank 
in the report. 

According to the European  Commission’s interpretation published in December 2023, the assessment of 
exposures to households must also be carried out according to the DNSH (do no significant harm) criteria. 
The Bank is unable to carry out such an assessment for this year’s report due to lack of data. As part of the 
mandatory report, therefore, only the Taxonomy-eligible category will be presented. By doing so, the Bank 
will present, as part of the voluntary report, the compliance of its exposures to households with the criteria 
set out in the technical screening criteria test (as material contributory exposures that do not meet the DNSH 
condition). 

Information on the financing of local governments 

The Bank was unable to identify any exposure to rental housing financing beyond any doub t, so the fields 
in this category do not contain any data. 

Based on the interpretation of the legislation, exposures related to other non-rental housing or known green 
loan  purposes  must  be  excluded  from  both  the  numerator  and  denominator  of  the  GAR.  Accor dingly,  all 
other  exposures  to  local  governments  are  reported  under  the  category  “Other  assets  not  included  in  the 
GAR calculation” in the Sovereign Entities row. 

Information relating to collateral obtained by taking possession, residential and commercial  real estate 

For the given exposure class, the methodology used shall contain the gross carrying amount of commercial 
and  residential  repossessed  real  estate  collaterals  compliant  with  the  technical  screening  criteria  for 
buildings in Section 7.7 of Annex I to Delegated Act. 

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The denominator shall include the total gross carrying amount of held-for-sale commercial and residential 
real estate collaterals repossessed by the credit institution. 

Due  to  the  inconsistencies  between  Annex  V  and  Annex  VI  of  Regulation  No.  2021/2178,  the  Bank  has 
taken the opportunity to insert rows in Annex VI to ensure consistency with Annex V and by reference to 
Regulation No. 2022/2453, whereby the relevant rows in the first template of Annex VI of Regulation No. 
2021/2178 will be presented as follows: 

30 
31 
32 
33 

Financing of local governments 
Housing financing 
Other local government funding 
Collateral obtained by taking possession, residential and commercial real estate  

Findings concerning Annex VI of Regulation No. 2021/2178, worksheet ‘2’ 

The Bank’s interpretation is that column (a) of the template should contain – in a breakdown by 4-digit NACE 
code – the core activities of all the Bank’s counterparties that fall within the scope of the NFRD.  

Findings concerning Annex VI of Regulation No. 2021/2178, worksheet ‘3’ 

In this template, the Bank has disclosed the GAR KPI for the loan portfolio, which have been calculated for 
the  covered  assets  on  the  basis  of  the  data  reported  in  template  1,  using  the  formulae  provided  in   the 
template published by the Commission. 

The Bank has duplicated this template for turnover-based and CapEx-based disclosures. 

Findings concerning Annex VI of Regulation No. 2021/2178, worksheet ‘4’ 

The  Bank  has  duplicated  this  template  for  turnover-based  and  CapEx-based  disclosures.  In  disclosing 
information on changes in portfolio, the Bank has reported exposures incurred in the current year.  

Findings concerning Annex VI of Regulation No. 2021/2178, worksheet ‘5’ 

In  the  calculation  of  the  KPIs  for  off-balance  sheet  exposures  (financial  guarantees  and  assets  under 
management),  the  Bank  has  used  the  data  on  covered  assets  provided  in  Table  1  and  the  formulas 
suggested in this table. Exposures for which information was not available in the Bank's systems ar e not 
considered and disclosed in this report. Findings concerning Annex XII of Regulation No. 2021/2178 

The Bank makes the following disclosures pursuant to Article 8(6) to (7) of Regulation No. 2021/2178:  The 
Bank makes the following disclosures pursuant to Article 8(6) to (7) of Regulation 2021/2178, on the basis 
of information published by the data owners: 

Table 1: Nuclear and fossil gas related activities 

Nuclear energy related activities 
The undertaking carries out, funds or has exposures to research, development, demonstration and deployment of 
innovative electricity generation facilities that produce energy from nuclear processes with minimal waste from the 
fuel cycle. 
The undertaking carries out, funds or has exposures to construction and safe operation of new nuclear 
installations to produce electricity or process heat, including for the purposes of district heating or industrial 
processes such as hydrogen production, as well as their safety upgrades, using best available technologies. 
The undertaking carries out, funds or has exposures to safe operation of existing nuclear installations that 
produce electricity or process heat, including for the purposes of district heating or industrial processes such as 
hydrogen production from nuclear energy, as well as their safety upgrades. 
Fossil gas related activities 
The undertaking carries out, funds or has exposures to construction or operation of electricity generation facilities 
that produce electricity using fossil gaseous fuels. 
The undertaking carries out, funds or has exposures to construction, refurbishment, and operation of combined 
heat/cool and power generation facilities using fossil gaseous fuels. 
The undertaking carries out, funds or has exposures to construction, refurbishment and operation of heat 
generation facilities that produce heat/cool using fossil gaseous fuels. 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

No 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

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Table 2: Taxonomy-aligned economic activities (denominator) 

in HUF million 

   Economic activities 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

Amount and proportion of taxonomy-aligned economic activity 
referred  to  in  Section  4.26  of  Annexes  I  and  II  to  Delegated 
Regulation 2021/2139 in the denominator of the applicable KPI 
Amount and proportion of taxonomy-aligned economic activity 
referred  to  in  Section  4.27  of  Annexes  I  and  II  to  Delegated 
Regulation 2021/2139 in the denominator of the applicable KPI 
Amount and proportion of taxonomy-aligned economic activity 
referred  to  in  Section  4.28  of  Annexes  I  and  II  to  Delegated 
Regulation 2021/2139 in the denominator of the applicable KPI 

Amount and proportion of taxonomy-aligned economic activity 
referred  to  in  Section  4.29  of  Annexes  I  and  II  to  Delegated 
Regulation 2021/2139 in the denominator of the applicable KPI 

Amount and proportion of taxonomy-aligned economic activity 
referred  to  in  Section  4.30  of  Annexes  I  and  II  to  Delegated 
Regulation 2021/2139 in the denominator of the applicable KPI 
Amount and proportion of taxonomy-aligned economic activity 
referred  to  in  Section  4.31  of  Annexes  I  and  II  to  Delegated 
Regulation 2021/2139 in the denominator of the applicable KPI 
Amount and proportion of other taxonomy-aligned 
economic activities not referred to in rows 1 to 6 above in 
the denominator of the applicable KPI 

8.  Total applicable KPI 

Amount and proportion - Turnover 

Amount and proportion - Capex 

CCM + CCA 

Amount 

% 

0 

0 

0% 

0% 

change 

Climate 
mitigation (CCM) 
% 

Amount 

Climate change 
adaptation (CCA) 
% 

Amount 

CCM + CCA 

Amount 

% 

0 

0 

0% 

0% 

change 

Climate 
mitigation (CCM) 
% 

Amount 

Climate change 
adaptation (CCA) 
% 

Amount 

4,241.3 

0.02% 

4,241.3 

0.02% 

5,831.8 

0.02% 

5,831.8 

0.02% 

0 

0% 

0 

0 

0% 

0% 

25,851,399  99.98% 

25,855,640 

100% 

0 

0% 

0 

0 

0% 

0% 

  25,849,808  99.98% 

  25,855,640 

100% 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

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Table 3: Taxonomy-aligned economic activities (numerator) 

in HUF million 

   Economic activities 

Amount and proportion of taxonomy-aligned economic activity referred to 
in Section 4.26 of Annexes I and II to Delegated Regulation 2021/2139 in 
the numerator of the applicable KPI 
Amount and proportion of taxonomy-aligned economic activity referred to 
in Section 4.27 of Annexes I and II to Delegated Regulation 2021/2139 in 
the numerator of the applicable KPI 
Amount and proportion of taxonomy-aligned economic activity referred to 
in Section 4.28 of Annexes I and II to Delegated Regulation 2021/2139 in 
the numerator of the applicable KPI 
Amount and proportion of taxonomy-aligned economic activity referred to 
in Section 4.29 of Annexes I and II to Delegated Regulation 2021/2139 in 
the numerator of the applicable KPI 
Amount and proportion of taxonomy-aligned economic activity referred to 
in Section 4.30 of Annexes I and II to Delegated Regulation 2021/2139 in 
the numerator of the applicable KPI 
Amount and proportion of taxonomy-aligned economic activity referred to 
in Section 4.31 of Annexes I and II to Delegated Regulation 2021/2139 in 
the numerator of the applicable KPI 
Amount and proportion of other taxonomy-aligned economic 
activities not referred to in rows 1 to 6 above in the numerator of 
the applicable KPI 
Total amount and proportion of taxonomy-aligned economic 
activities in the numerator of the applicable KPI 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

Amount and proportion - Turnover 

(CCM+CCA) 

Amount  % 

Climate change 
mitigation (CCM) 
% 
Amount 

Climate change 
adaptation (CCA) 
% 
Amount 

Amount and proportion - Capex 
Climate change 
mitigation (CCM) 
% 
Amount 

CCM + CCA 

Amount  % 

Climate change 
adaptation (CCA) 
% 
Amount 

0 

0% 

0 

0% 

0 

0% 

0 

0% 

3,997.4 

32% 

3,997.4 

  5,916.6 

25% 

5,916.6 

0 

0% 

0 

0% 

0 

0% 

8,454 

68% 

12,451  100% 

0 

0% 

0 

0% 

0 

0% 

17,564 

75% 

23,481  100% 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

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BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

Table 4: Taxonomy-eligible but not taxonomy-aligned economic activities 

in HUF million 

   Economic activities 

Amount  and  proportion  of  taxonomy-eligible  but  not taxonomy-aligned 
economic  activity  referred  to  in  Section  4.26  of  Annexes  I  and  II  to 
Delegated  Regulation  2021/2139 in  the  denominator  of  the  applicable 
KPI 
Amount  and  proportion  of  taxonomy-eligible  but  not taxonomy-aligned 
economic  activity  referred  to  in  Section  4.27  of  Annexes  I  and  II  to 
Delegated  Regulation  2021/2139 in  the  denominator  of  the  applicable 
KPI 
Amount  and  proportion  of  taxonomy-eligible  but  not taxonomy-aligned 
economic  activity  referred  to  in  Section  4.28  of  Annexes  I  and  II  to 
Delegated  Regulation  2021/2139 in  the  denominator  of  the  applicable 
KPI 
Amount  and  proportion  of  taxonomy-eligible  but  not taxonomy-aligned 
economic  activity  referred  to  in  Section  4.29  of  Annexes  I  and  II  to 
Delegated  Regulation  2021/2139 in  the  denominator  of  the  applicable 
KPI 
Amount  and  proportion  of  taxonomy-eligible  but  not taxonomy-aligned 
economic  activity  referred  to  in  Section  4.30  of  Annexes  I  and  II  to 
Delegated  Regulation  2021/2139 in  the  denominator  of  the  applicable 
KPI 
Amount  and  proportion  of  taxonomy-eligible  but  not taxonomy-aligned 
economic  activity  referred  to  in  Section  4.31  of  Annexes  I  and  II  to 
Delegated  Regulation  2021/2139 in  the  denominator  of  the  applicable 
KPI 
Amount and proportion of other taxonomy-eligible but not 
taxonomy-aligned economic activities not referred to in rows 1 to 
6 above in the denominator of the applicable KPI 
Total amount and proportion of taxonomy eligible but not 
taxonomy-aligned economic activities in the denominator of the 
applicable KPI 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

Amount and proportion - Turnover 

Amount and proportion - Capex 

(CCM+CCA) 

Amount  % 

Climate change 
mitigation (CCM) 
Amount 

Climate change 
adaptation (CCA) 

CCM + CCA 

%  Amount 

%  Amount  % 

Climate change 
mitigation (CCM) 
Amount 

Climate change 
adaptation (CCA) 
% 

%  Amount 

- 

0% 

0 

0% 

10.6 

0% 

10.6 

0 

0% 

- 

- 

0% 

0% 

0 

0% 

171.4 

0.01% 

171.4 

507.2 

0.02% 

507.2 

402.3 

0.01% 

402.3 

- 

0% 

16.4 

0% 

16.4 

3,374,915  99.98% 

3,375,433 

100% 

  3,389,945  99.98% 

  3,390,535 

100% 

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Table 5: Taxonomy non-eligible economic activities 

in HUF million 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

Economic activities 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

Amount and proportion of economic activity referred to in row 1 of Template 1 that is taxonomy-non-eligible in accordance with Section 4.26 of 
Annexes I and II to Delegated Regulation 2021/2139 in the denominator of the applicable KPI 
Amount and proportion of economic activity referred to in row 2 of Template 1 that is taxonomy-non-eligible in accordance with Section 4.27 of 
Annexes I and II to Delegated Regulation 2021/2139 in the denominator of the applicable KPI 
Amount and proportion of economic activity referred to in row 3 of Template 1 that is taxonomy-non-eligible in accordance with Section 4.28 of 
Annexes I and II to Delegated Regulation 2021/2139 in the denominator of the applicable KPI 
Amount and proportion of economic activity referred to in row 4 of Template 1 that is taxonomy-non-eligible in accordance with Section 4.29 of 
Annexes I and II to Delegated Regulation 2021/2139 in the denominator of the applicable KPI 
Amount and proportion of economic activity referred to in row 5 of Template 1 that is taxonomy-non-eligible in accordance with Section 4.30 of 
Annexes I and II to Delegated Regulation 2021/2139 in the denominator of the applicable KPI 
Amount and proportion of economic activity referred to in row 6 of Template 1 that is taxonomy-non-eligible in accordance with Section 4.31 of 
Annexes I and II to Delegated Regulation 2021/2139 in the denominator of the applicable KPI 
Amount and proportion of other taxonomy-non-eligible economic activities not referred to in rows 1 to 6 above in the denominator of 
the applicable KPI 

Turnover 

Capex 

Amount  Percentage  Amount  Percentage 

0% 

0% 

0% 

0% 

0% 

0% 

1,708.3 

0.01% 

1,371.6 

0.01% 

0% 

0% 

0% 

0% 

22,478,499 

99.99%  22,478,835 

99.99% 

8.  Total amount and proportion of taxonomy-non-eligible economic activities in the denominator of the applicable KPI 

22,480,207 

100%  22,480,207 

100% 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

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OTP BANK 

II. Voluntary report 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

One of the key objectives of OTP Group's ESG strategy is to increase its green portfolio. The stock of green 
exposures are presented here according the OTP Group's internal green KPI, which reached HUF 656 billion 
(including the part identified by green assessment but not yet reported in the controlling system, HUF 679 
billion) by the end of 2023. Significant part of this portfolio is towards non-financial corporates not subject to 
NFRD and as well as the financing activities of subsidiaries outside the EU. As part of the voluntary report, 
the Bank presents the composition of its broader green portfolio, in both the corporate and retail segments. 
The  internal  green  KPI  is  based  on  exposures  comply  at  least  one  of  the  following:  OTP  Group's  G reen 
Loan  Framework,  the  OTP  Group  Sustainable  Finance  Framework  and  the  MNB's  preferential  capital 
requirements program for green municipal, corporate and retail exposures, the also the EU taxonomy. By 
end  of  2023  OTP  Green  Loan  Framework  exposures  aligned  with  EU  Taxonomy  was  approximately  3.4 
billion Ft. 

The template below shows the extent to which the exposures in the Bank’s green portfolio are aligned with 
EU  taxonomy  requirements.  Exposures  in  the  Taxonomy-eligible  category  also  follow  use-of-proceeds 
approach,  while  the  taxonomy-aligned  category  is  reported  based  on  compliance  with  the  technical 
screening criterion (TSC). For corporate exposures, the assessment is fully in line with the TSC and  MS 
alignment  requirements,  while  for  retail  exposures,  the  compliance  with  DNSH  and  MS  (Minimum 
Safeguards) has not been assessed. 

in HUF million 

Non-financial undertakings 

Loans and advances 

Debt securities 

Households** 

of which: loans secured by 
residential real estate 
of which: building modernisation 
loans 

of which: car loans 

Total GAR assets 

OTP Green Portfolio (CCM + CCA) 

Total gross 
carrying 
amount 

of which aimed at 
loan purposes 
relevant to the 
Taxonomy 
(Taxonomy-eligible) 

of which 
environmentally 
sustainable 
(Taxonomy-
aligned) 

Share of 
Taxonomy-
eligible 
exposures* 

Share of 
Taxonomy-aligned 
exposures* 

9,578,080  

508,012  

9,282,028  

470,508  

293,211  

37,503  

11,722,507  

171,234  

4,915,444  

167,142  

127,689  

446,413  

100  

3,992  

25,679,052  

679,246  

3,396  

3,396  

62,980  

58,988  

-    

3,992  

66,376  

5.30% 

5.07% 

12.79% 

1.46% 

3.40% 

0.08% 

0.89% 

2.65% 

0.04% 

0.04% 

0.00% 

0.54% 

1.20% 

0.00% 

0.89% 

0.26% 

* calculated at the gross carrying amount of the relevant exposure  
** DNSH, without MS test 

The Taxonomy-eligible share of non-financial undertakings relative to gross carrying amount exceeds 5%.  

A significant proportion of the household exposures in the green portfolio are related to the Hungarian entity, 
and we expect the green share of the portfolio to increase as data quality improves.  

The aggregate Taxonomy-eligible share as a proportion of assets included in the GAR calculation excee ds 
2.5% while the share of Taxonomy-aligned exposures exceeds 0.25%. 

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OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

III. Independent report by OTP Fund Management 

Template for the KPI of asset managers 

Standard  template  for  the  disclosure  required  under  Article  8  of  Regulation  (EU)  No.  2020/852  (asset 
managers) 

The  weighted  average  value  of  all  the  investments  that  are 
directed  at  funding,  or  are  associated  with  taxonomy-aligned 
economic activities relative to the value of total assets covered 
by 
in 
following  weights 
the  KPI,  with 
undertakings per below: 

investments 

for 

Turnover-based: 1.35% 

CapEx-based: 1.93% 

The  weighted  average  value  of  all  the  investments  that  are 
directed  at  funding,  or  are  associated  with  taxonomy-aligned 
economic  activities,  with  following  weights  for  investments  in 
undertakings per below: 

Turnover-based: HUF 31,796,128,854 

CapEx-based: HUF 22,282,164,194 

The  percentage  of  assets  covered  by  the  KPI  relative  to  total 
investments  (total  AuM).  Excluding  investments  in  sovereign 
entities, 

The  monetary  value  of  assets  covered  by  the  KPI.  Excluding 
investments in sovereign entities. 

Coverage: HUF 89,511,419,370 

coverage ratio: 5.42% 

Additional, complementary disclosures: breakdown of denominator of the KPI 

The percentage of derivatives relative to total assets covered by 
the KPI. 

The value in monetary amounts of derivatives: 

- 

- 

The  proportion  of  exposures  to  EU  financial  and  non-financial 
undertakings not subject to Articles 19a and 29a of Directive No. 
2013/34/EU over total assets covered by the KPI: 

Value  of  exposures 
financial  and  non-financial 
undertakings not subject to Articles 19a and 29a of Directive No. 
2013/34/EU: 

to  EU 

For non-financial undertakings: 2.19% 

For financial undertakings: 14.77% 

For non-financial undertakings: HUF 36,108,426,625 

For financial undertakings: HUF 243,948,380,249 

The  proportion  of  exposures  to  financial  and  non-financial 
undertakings from non-EU countries not subject to Articles 19a 
and 29a of Directive No. 2013/34/EU over total assets covered 
by the KPI: 

For non-financial undertakings: 6.08% 

For financial undertakings: 5.39% 

Value of exposures to financial and non-financial undertakings 
from  non-EU  countries  not  subject  to  Articles  19a  and  29a  of 
Directive No. 2013/34/EU: 

For non-financial undertakings: HUF 100,473,439,807 

For financial undertakings: HUF 89,000,990,894 

The  proportion  of  exposures  to  financial  and  non-financial 
undertakings  subject  to  Articles  19a  and  29a  of  Directive  No. 
2013/34/EU over total assets covered by the KPI: 

For non-financial undertakings: 8.02% 

For financial undertakings: 49.91% 

Value of exposures to financial and non-financial undertakings 
subject to Articles 19a and 29a of Directive No. 2013/34/EU: 

For non-financial undertakings: HUF 132,484,817,417 

For financial undertakings: HUF 824,203,191,271 

The proportion of exposures to other counterparties and assets 
over total assets covered by the KPI: 13.63 % 

Value of exposures to other counterparties and assets: 

HUF 225,144,631,767 

The  value  of  all  the  investments  that  are  funding  economic 
activities that are not taxonomy-eligible relative to the value of 
total assets covered by the KPI: 

Value of all the investments that are funding economic activities 
that are not taxonomy-eligible: 

- 

- 

The  value  of  all  the  investments  that  are  funding  taxonomy-
eligible economic activities, but not taxonomy-aligned relative to 
the value of total assets covered by the KPI: 

- 

Value of all the investments that are funding Taxonomy-eligible 
economic activities, but not taxonomy-aligned: 

- 

Additional, complementary disclosures: breakdown of numerator of the KPI 

The proportion of Taxonomy-aligned exposures to financial and 
non-financial  undertakings  subject  to  Articles  19a  and  29a  of 
Directive No. 2013/34/EU over total assets covered by the KPI: 

Value  of  Taxonomy-aligned  exposures  to  financial  and  non-
financial  undertakings  subject  to  Articles  19a  and  29a  of 
Directive No. 2013/34/EU: 

For non-financial undertakings: 

Turnover-based: 1.35% 

Capital expenditures-based: 1.93% 

For financial undertakings: 

Turnover-based: - 

Capital expenditures-based: - 

For non-financial undertakings: 

Turnover-based: HUF 31,796,128,854 

Capital expenditures-based: HUF 22,282,164,194 

For financial undertakings: 

Turnover-based: - 

Capital expenditures-based: - 

The  proportion  of  Taxonomy-aligned  exposures 
to  other 
counterparties and assets over total assets covered by the KPI: 

Turnover-based: - 

Value of Taxonomy-aligned exposures to other counterparties: 

Turnover-based: - 

Capital expenditures-based: - 

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OTP BANK 

Capital expenditures-based: - 

Breakdown of the numerator of the KPI per environmental objective 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

Taxonomy-aligned activities: 

1.  Climate change mitigation 

Transitional activities 

Enabling activities: 

2.  Climate change adaptation 

Transitional activities 

Enabling activities: 

Turnover: 0.02% 

CapEx: 0.13% 

Turnover: 0.08% 

CapEx: 0.18% 

- 

Turnover: 0.02% 

CapEx: 0.06% 

HUF 346,004,571 

HUF 2,091,506,111 

HUF 1,360,074,552 

HUF 3,008,731,644 

- 

HUF 327,518,516 

HUF 1,029,909,809 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

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OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

Contextual information in support of the quantitative indicators including the scope of assets and 
activities covered by the KPIs, information on data sources and limitation; 

The  KPI  considered  covers  the  equity  and  bond  assets  in  the  funds  and  portfolios  managed  by  the  Fund 
Manager, but does not include collective investment schemes and investments in government securities, which 
may represent a significant proportion of certain portfolios, where data are not available. 

For  the  various  activities  in  this  reporting  period,  only  activities  related  to  climate  change  mitigation  and 
adaptation to climate change are covered. 

Further  limiting  the  coverage,  the  data  reporting  obligation  under  Articles  19a  and  29a  of  Directive  No. 
2013/34/EU only covers a limited number of target companies receiving the Fund Manager’s investments, thus 
in respect of a significant part of the investments, the Fund Manager and its ESG service provider (MSCI ESG 
Research) do not have usable data. 

Explanations of the nature and objectives of Taxonomy-aligned economic activities and the evolution of the 
Taxonomy-aligned  economic  activities  over  time,  starting  from  the  second  year  of  implementation, 
distinguishing between business-related and methodological and data-related elements; 

OTP  Fund  Management  does  not  have  a  general  objective  in  respect  of  Taxonomy -aligned  economic 
activities  that  is  typical  of  fund  management  as  a  whole,  but  it  does  take  into  account   the  impact  of  a 
particular  investment  on  environmental  objectives,  in  particular  GHG  emissions,  waste  and  pollutant 
emissions and water load, when assessing the sustainability of a particular investment.  

The fund manager has specific environmental objectives for the SFDR funds it manages as follows: 

OTP Climate Change Fund (OTP Klímaváltozás Alap) 

The primary objective of the Fund is to mitigate climate change and promote adaptation to climate change. 
The  Fund  aims  to  achieve  its  objective,  in  accordance  with  Article  16  of  the  Taxonomy  Regulation,  by 
investing in companies whose activities, mainly through the products they produce, contribute directly to the 
activities of other companies making a significant contribution to the fight against climate change . The Fund 
does not have a sustainability objective, but commits to invest at least 51% of its investments in sustainable 
investments, within which 10% are Taxonomy-aligned environmentally-sustainable investments. 

OTP Omega Alapok Alapja (OTP Omega Fund of Funds) 

The  Fund  invests  in  other  actively  and  passively-managed  funds  in  accordance  with  the  fund  of  funds 
structure. The research advisor (MSCI) publishes an ESG rating for some funds, but not for others. This 
depends  partly  on  the  business  considerations  of  the  ESG  consultant,  but  also  partly  on  the  business 
considerations  of  the  individual  fund  managers  themselves.  The  Fund  does  not  have  a  sustainability 
objective, but commits to invest at least 51% of its investments in sustainable investments, within  which it 
will not invest in Taxonomy-aligned environmentally sustainable investments. 

OTP Ökotrend Alap (OTP Ecotrend Fund) 

The  Fund  seeks  to  make  a  commitment  to  promote  environmental  features,  primarily  through  its  bond 
portfolio. The Fund plans to invest partly in green government bonds to finance or refinance expenditures 
that  promote  the  transition  to  a  low-carbon,  climate  resilient  and  environmentally  sustainable  economy. 
Thus,  it  falls  into  one  of  the  six  green  sectors:  renewable  energy,  energy  effic iency,  waste  and  water 
management, land use and use of living natural resources, clean transport, and adaptation. The Fund does 
not  have  a  sustainability  objective,  nor  does  it  have  a  commitment  to  a  minimum  ratio  of  sustainable 
investments. 

Description  of  the  compliance  with  Regulation  (EU) No.  2020/852  in  the  financial  undertaking’s  business 
strategy, product design processes and engagement with clients and counterparties;  

OTP Fund Management is committed to taking  sustainability risks into account in its investment decisions 
and  to  continuously  increasing  the  number  of  SFDR-rated  products  that  invest  in  a  significant  share  of 
sustainable investments. 

For funds and portfolios that have a commitment to sustainable investment under the Taxonomy Regulation, 
the EU taxonomy DNSH indicators are taken into account in addition to the sustainability indicator calculated 
by the ESG data provider selected by the Fund Manager (MSCI ESG Research) to determine Taxonomy 
compliance, in accordance with the commitment of the fund/portfolio concerned. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

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OTP BANK 

2.4. Other green services 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

Cogo – transaction-based CO2 calculator in the Hungarian mobile bank 

New Zealand’s Cogo has been selected as a partner of our Bank in 2022 as part of the OTP Startup B ooster 
Programme. As a result  of the cooperation, the transaction-based carbon calculator was launched  in the 
domestic  mobile  bank  at  the  end  of  summer  2023,  which  also  encourages  the  reduction  of  the  carbon 
footprint. Cogo has more than 10 years of experience in sustainability, with several banks using its calculator 
with proven results. The calculator: 
– calculates the monthly carbon footprint, 
– compares it with the Hungarian population average, and 
– also shows emissions by spending category. 

To  ensure  the  most  accurate  operation  possible,  Hungarian  factors  are  used  in  the  calculation  and  are 
reviewed and corrected on a quarterly basis. 

Cogo  also  improves  the  knowledge  of  users:  the  interface  allows  users  to  become  familiar  with  how  the 
calculator works. In the future, we plan to introduce an ecological footprint calculator for MSE customers. 

Also  in  the  framework  of  the  2022  OTP  Startup  Booster  Program,  we  selected  the  solution  by  software 
company  Agremo,  with  which  we  started  a  long-term  cooperation.  The  software  uses  drone  and satellite 
imagery data to perform yield analysis and forecasts for agricultural areas. The Serbian subsidiary plans to 
introduce this in 2024. 

So-called MFB Points have been present in Hungary since 2017 in OTP Bank branches, intermediating the 
Hungarian Development Bank’s (MFB) products funded by the European Union and MFB itself. In 2023, we 
operated 167 MFB Points (at 49% of branches), offering both retail and business banking products. In 2023, 
two  loan  schemes  were  available  to  private  individuals,  condominiums  and  housing  co-operatives  that 
served  an  environmental  purpose  by  using  renewable  energy  sources  and/or  making  energy  efficiency 
investments. Three loan schemes were available to companies for the same purposes. In 2023  (due to the 
deadline for the full closure of the 2014-2020 EU budget cycle), the sale of all loan schemes closed, but 
disbursements were still made and the portfolio was significant at the end of the year: HUF 31.4 billion in 
the retail segment and HUF 5.2 billion in the SME segment. The amount of loans disbursed in 2023 was 
HUF  409  million.  Among  the  products  sold  at  MFB  Points,  the  above  loan  purposes  accounted  for  11.4 
percent of the portfolio. 

BG The DSK Mastercard Wildlife Impact Debit Card was available at DSK Bank in 2023 for the second year 
running.  The  joint  initiative  is  aimed  at  protecting  endangered  animal  species  from  extinction.  Upon  the 
issuance of every new card the Bank and Mastercard contributes one dollar to the costs of protecting and 
restoring natural habitats. The use of recycled and recyclable material for the manufacture of the card results 
in a 63 percent reduction in emissions in comparison with conventional bank cards.  

RS  The  Serbian  subsidiary  bank  also  continued  its  cooperation  with  the  Mastercard  Priceless  Planet 
Coalition. The subsidiary bank plants a tree whenever a new account is opened or when the Google Pay or 
the Apple Pay service is activated for an existing account. Over the past three years, more than 80,000 trees 
have been planted with the bank’s help. 

Gamechanger 

RS  Generator  (Gamechanger)  is  the  Serbian  subsidiary  bank’s  programme  that  has  been  helping  local 
startups for a number of years now. In 2023, the Generator Zero competition launched in the context of the 
programme  again  sought  for  and  rewarded  specifically  innovative  climate  change  mitigating  and  carbon 
footprint reducing solutions. 

In addition to the HUF 6.5 million cash prize, the winner received mentoring and additional prizes from two 
supporting  partner  organisations.  In  2023,  a  record  116  entries  were  r eceived  for  the  competition,  which 
was  won  by  the  Fragment  board  project  with  its  building  material  made  from  73%  recycled  glass.  The 
Serbian  subsidiary  bank  rewarded  the  MOSQ-SWITCH  team  with  an  opportunity  to  be  featured.  Their 
product is a booth installed in a public space that sprays customers with a mosquito repellent made of natural 
materials that lasts for three hours. 

RO The Romanian subsidiary bank continued its programme to support the purchase of tickets for public 
transport  by  bank  card.  In  2023,  contactless  ticket  purchases  became  available  at  terminals  installed  in 
Timisoara and Satu Mare. 

The OTP Hungaro-Project helped its customers in drafting applications and in winning grants in 2023 as 
well.  During  the  year,  90 percent  of  customers  were  agricultural  businesses. The  company  submitted  69 
grant applications for its customers under the EU Rural Development Programme for irrigation development, 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

134 

OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

at  a  total  cost  of  HUF  50.4  billion.  Under  the  Factory  Saver  Scheme,  11  applications  were  submitted  to  
support energy efficiency and energy production investment projects. Of these, 9 applications (HUF 6 billion 
in grant amount, total cost of HUF 14 billion) were awarded a grant, and deliberation for two applications 
were still pending at the end of the year. 

2.5. Investments 

ST1,  ST3,  ST4:  3-3,  TCFD  II.a,b,  III.a,b,c,  IV.a  Meeting  the  growing  regulatory  requirements  for 
investment funds and investment services is an ongoing challenge. The mandatory publication in 
2023  of  the  Statement  on  the  principal  adverse  impact  of  investment  decisions  on  sustainability 
factors and the expansion of the scope of ESG data for issuers provides an increasingly accurate 
picture  of  the  sustainability  characteristics  of  funds.  The  range  of  responsible  funds  available  to 
customers has expanded. 

FN-IB-410a.3.  In  2023,  the  Statement  on  the  principal  adverse  impact  of  investment  decisions  on 
sustainability factors (also including principal adverse impact indicators) was published for the first time, for 
both fund managers and portfolio management activity in 2022. These documents are available on the group 
members’ websites in accordance with the requirements of the SFDR Regulation 19. 

In the case of the discretionary portfolio management service, in 2023 we expanded the exclusi on rules set 
as a percentage limit to include the MSCI Overall Flag indicator, in addition to the controversial armament 
that  was  already  in  place.  The  Overall  Flag  is  a  general  indicator  to  assess  the  overall  sustainability 
performance of a company or investment fund (environmental, social or governance controversial issues). 
For this service, we also apply so-called cumulative risk limits in relation to ESG. Portfolio managers put 
together  their  portfolios  making  sure  that  the  aggregated  weight  of  the  lowest  scoring  elements  from  the 
perspective of sustainability – i.e. those categorised as CCC, B and BB on the 7-grade MSCI scale – is as 
low as possible. 

The selection of the funds recommended in the context of investment advice has not changed in 2023, and  
is  based  on  quantitative  and  qualitative  criteria,  including  sustainability  risk  considerations  inter  alia. 
Excluded from investment advice are investment funds with high or medium sustainability risks (CCC and B 
on the MSCI scale). 

The  scope  of  issuer  ESG  data  is  constantly  expanding,  so  the  sustainability  perception  of  financial 
instruments may change without a modification in methodology. 

OTP  Fund  Management  applies  a  screening  system  based  on  an  exclusion  list  to  take  account  of  the 
principal  adverse  impacts,  with  limits  set  for  tobacco,  gambling,  coal  mining,  weapons,  alcohol  and 
authoritarian  regimes.  Data  sources  for  sectoral  limits  are  Bloomberg,  MSCI  ESG  Manager  and  MSCI 
BarraOne.  The  principal  adverse  impacts  are  assessed  on  a  monthly  basis,  while   the  ESG  limits  for  the 
SFDR Article 8 funds are assessed on a weekly basis and are set out in the Sustainability Risk Management 
Policy. 

GRI  203-2  The  investments  of  investment  funds  are  selected  as  described  in  the  funds’  management 
policies.  Some  of  OTP  Alapkezelő’s  funds  (OTP  Közép-Európai  Részvény  Alap/OTP  Central  European 
Equity Fund, OTP Quality Alap/OTP Quality Fund, BUX ETF Alap/BUX ETF Fund) focus their investments 
specifically on the Central and Eastern European region. Such investments accounted  for 1.97 percent of 
the assets managed at the end of 2023. 

Responsible investments 

ST4: 3-3, GRI 201-2 The Banking Group’s fund managers offer a number of ESG funds to their customers.  
The OTP Group’s four own funds promote environmental and/or social cha racteristics and are, therefore, 
Article 8 compliant products according to the SFDR classification. 

In  2023,  OTP  Fund  Management  established  the  @OTP  Ökotrend  Hozamvédett  Zártvégű  Alap  (OTP 
Ecotrend Yield-Guaranteed Closed-End Fund), whose subscription period closed on 27 October. The fund 
also offered a suitable opportunity for low-risk investors, aiming to benefit from the economic transformation 
and green transition resulting from the objectives of the transition to renewable resources, with a particular 
focus on new energy storage solutions, the automotive industry and new transport technologies. The fund 
gains exposure to companies active in the sector through options, and provides capital protection and fixed 
returns through interest-bearing instruments. 

19  Regulation  (EU)  No.  2019/2088  of  the  European  Parliament  and  of  the  Council  of  27  November  2019  on  sustainability-related  disclosures  in  the 
financial services sector 

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The previously registered SFDR Article 8 funds of the Banking Group were also available.  

The aim of OTP Fund Management’s @Klímaváltozás Részvény Alap (Climate Change Equity Fund) is to 
select  equities  that  may  be  potential  winners  or  losers  of  the  global  climate  adaptatio n  process.  As  of 
December 2023, at  least 70 percent of the final portfolio must be made  up of  equities of companies that 
have a good – “sustainable” – ESG rating besides contributing, in our opinion, to the conservation of planet 
Earth. 

In the case of @Omega Alapok Alapja (Omega Fund of Funds), the objective is to have SFDR Article 8 or 
Article 9 funds have at least a 70 percent weight. Again, at least 50 perc ent of the final portfolio must be 
made up of equities of companies that have a good – “sustainable” – ESG rating.20 

The number of fund units in circulation of the two open-ended funds decreased in 2023. At the end of 2023, 
the assets of the OTP Ecotrend Fund amounted to HUF 1.8 billion, the assets of the OTP Climate Change 
Equity Fund to HUF 29.8 billion and the assets of the OTP Omega Fund of Funds to HUF 36.4 billion.  The 
three ESG funds accounted for 1.71% of OTP Fund Management’s total assets under man agement. 

RO The Article 8 investment fund of OTP Asset Management Romania SFDR is the @OTP Innovation Fund. 
The fund invests in international companies that spend a significant proportion of their revenues on research 
and development (R&D). The investments are effected in the technological, biotechnological, e -commerce 
and automotive sectors, to name but a few. The aim is to keep the fund’s aggregate sustainability risk profile 
low and make sure that at least 85 percent of the portfolio is made up of medium or low sustainability risk 
elements, which the fund manager measures in terms of the MSCI ratings. The fund applies an exclusion 
policy as well. The fund’s total asset amounted to HUF 553 million and had nearly 500 investors at the end 
of 2023. 

As well as the  Banking Group’s own ESG funds, other fund managers’  ESG funds are also available for  
customers.  At  the  end  of  2023,  the  portfolio  of  investment  funds  under  Articles  8  and  9  of  the  SFDR 
accounted for 2.17 percent of the retail securities account portfolio.  

In  the  context  of  investment  advisory  activities,  the  five  “green”  model  portfolios,  which  meet  the  most 
stringent  sustainability  preferences  and  are  based  on  the  framework  set  out  in  the  MIFID2 21  framework 
fitness test, are renewed on a quarterly basis. At renewal, financial products are selected in accordance with 
the  Statement  on  the  principal  adverse  impact  of  investment  advice  on  sustainability  factors ,  which  is 
effective as from the beginning of 2023. The proportion of customers opting for “green” model portfolios is 
still low, and we have not seen an increase in demand in this area. 

SI  Slovenian  NKBM  offers  29  SFDR  Article  8  funds  to  its  customers  (managed  by  Raiffeisen  Capital 
Management, Sava Infond and Triglav Skladi), while SKB offers Amundi funds that promote environmental 
and/or social objectives. 

2.6. Products with social benefits 

ST1: 3-3 Most of the OTP Group banks offer products aimed at young people and some banks also 
offer  products  aimed  at  the  financial  needs  of  the  elderly.  Several  members  of  OTP  Group  offer 
preferential schemes to facilitate housing. 

The sustainable financial framework identifies the eligible social category exclusively in the segment of loans 
and  credits  available  for  financing  and/or  refinancing  SMEs.  Products  beyond  this  target  group  are  also 
described below. 

OTP Group offered special preferential products for young people in 9 countries22 in 2023. At group level, 
13% of retail customers (2.2 million customers) are under 26 years old. The selection of products varies 
from country to country. It includes account packages, savings for children, overdraft facilities, bank cards 
and  student  loans.  Some  subsidiaries  offer  preferential  terms  for  accounts  held  for  the  receipt  of 
scholarships. 

In 2023, OTP Bank introduced the Student Loan Account, which provides students with preferential account 
management  and  banking  services.  The  account  can  also  be  opened  online.  We  have  extended  the 
discounts for Junior accounts: for those over 14 years of age, there is no charge for mobile or internet bank 

20 Based on Bloomberg Industry Classification data 
21 DIRECTIVE No. 2014/65/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 on markets in financial instruments and amending Directive 
No.  2002/92/EC  and  Directive  No.  2011/61/EU,  and  the  relevant  regulations.  The  test  is  designed  to  assess  the  customer’s  fina ncial  knowledge, 
investment objectives,  risk-bearing capacity as well as financial situation  and  income, to help the Bank offer the customer products aligned to  these 
factors. 
22 Hungary, Bulgaria, Slovenia, Croatia, Albania, Montenegro, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, Romania, Moldova. The age limit is not 26 for  all schemes. 

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transfers, or for group direct debits up to a certain amount, and we have also extended the discounts for 
university students. We have created the Career Start account package, which offers a preferential account 
management option for customers aged 18–28. 

RS  The  Serbian  subsidiary  bank  has  introduced  a  debit  card  for  11–18  year  olds  linked  to  their  parents’ 
accounts. 

UZ  The  Uzbek  subsidiary  bank  offers  a  preferential  loan  for  BSc  and  MSc  tuition  fees,  with  state 
subsidisation. For women, the interest on the loan is covered by the state. The loan was taken out by 35,541 
people in 2023. 

RO  During  the  year,  the  Romanian  subsidiary  bank  expanded  the  availability  of  the  debit  card  for  the 
youngest, making it available from the age of 8, with parental supervision. The bank has introduced internet 
banking  and  mobile  banking  for  14–18  year  olds,  and  to  encourage  students  to  open  an  account  online, 
administrative fees are waived up to the age of 25. OTP Bank Romania, with the support of the Szülőföldön 
magyarul  (In  Hungarian  in  the  motherland)  programme,  is  offering  a  dedicated  debit  card  to  students 
studying in Romania in Hungarian language to access scholarships. The programme affects 185,000 young 
people. 

The number of pensioner customers typically surpasses that of younger customers at the banks of OTP 
Group. Special products are available in  6 countries, Bulgaria, Cr oatia, Serbia, Albania, Montenegro and 
Ukraine, to meet their needs. No new product/service was introduced in this segment in 2023.  

Piggy Bank 

OTP Bank has introduced a new feature on the internet and mobile banking platform to encourage conscious 
money management and savings. Savings can be put aside in different piggy banks (for different purposes) 
on an ad hoc basis or on a regular basis. Customers can also assign a target amount and a target date to 
the piggy banks, making it easy to track where they stand in reaching their target. The scheme is completely 
flexible, they can withdraw a part of the amount from the piggy bank before reaching the  target, or empty 
the  piggy  banks  completely  and  the  amount  is  returned  to  the  payment  account  with  just  one  click.  The 
popularity of the feature is demonstrated by the fact that in the 5th month after its launch, more than 100,000 
customers had a Piggy Bank account. 

Minimum packages are available for customers who require a narrower range of services. Access to basic 
financial services is provided by such accounts. The Croatian bank offers a preferential package for socially 
disadvantaged  customers.  The  demand  for  such  basic  packages  has  been  rather  low  for years  now;  not 
more than a few hundred customers uses them at any one of our banks. 

BG DSK Bank provides customers with reduced mobility accounts with debit cards under preferential terms 
and conditions, which were used by close to 42 thousand customers at the end of the year.  

Disabled  customers  can  apply  for  the  housing  accessibility  grant  at  OTP  Bank,  which  was  used  by 
316 customers in 2023. 

A state-subsidised loan has been available for couples planning or expecting a child in Hungary for several 
years. An important feature of the interest-free Childbirth Incentive Loan of up to HUF 10 million is that 
the  debt  is  assumed  by  the  state  in  case  a  minimum  of  three  children  are  born.  The  loan  was  originally 
planned to be available until the end of 2022 but remained accessible in 2023, and due to the uncertainty of 
eligibility, we experienced a surge in applications in December 2022 and expected a significantly lower take-
up in 2023. This expectation came true: In 2023, we disbursed 41 percent less in loan amounts than in 2022. 
OTP Bank’s share of disbursements in 2023 was nearly 40%, while its s hare of the outstanding portfolio 
was 42%. The share of loans in the volume of retail consumer credit disbursements fell significantly to 28%.  

Access to real estates, modernisation 

GRI 203-2 Members of the Banking Group play an important role in the implementation of housing goals 
primarily through mortgage loans. 23 We provide our customers with predictable loans, taking into account 
their capacity to bear the costs and helping them to adopt energy -efficient solutions. The number of active 
housing loans of OTP Group exceeded 500 thousand at the end of 2023, of which the number of new loans 
was  48  thousand.  In  addition  to  Hungary,  we  provide  increased  assistance  for  house  purchasing  and 
renovation in Uzbekistan, Bulgaria, Slovenia, Serbia and Croatia.  

23 OTP Bank Russia does not offer mortgage loans and nor does this type of service account for much of OTP Bank Ukraine’s operations either.  

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Demand  for  housing  loans  in  Hungary  remained  subdued  in  2023.  Approximately  16  thousand  contracts 
were concluded during the year. The number of active housing loans was 217 thousand 24 at the end of the 
year, while our market share increased by 0.5 percentage points to 31.3 percent by the end of the year. 
Throughout the year, there was an interest rate freeze in place, which led us to suspend the sale of mortgage 
loans with fixed interest rates not until the end of the term, including the market-based Qualified Consumer-
friendly  Housing  Loan  (MFL).  We  introduced  a  one-off  interest  rate  reduction  service  for  our  non-MFL 
market-based housing loans and general purpose mortgage loans, available from the 121st month.  

The OTP 1x1 Housing Loan scheme, launched for second-hand home purchase loans, was available with 
an interest rate reduction of 50 basis points. 

In  2023,  the  Home  Qualified  Consumer-friendly  Subsidised  Housing  Loan  was  still  available,  with  nearly 
6,000 new transactions during the year, worth HUF 57.7 billion in total. The product accounted for 30 percent 
of all mortgage loans signed in 2023. As in previous years, non-refundable grants were available under the 
Family Housing Allowance (CSOK) programme, with a total disbursement of HUF 46.8 billion in 2023.  

During the year, 79% of housing loans taken out with the Hungarian Banking Group were used to purchase 
second-hand homes, a significantly higher proportion than before; only 8% each were used for construction, 
extension and new home purchases, and 5% for renovation and modernisation. 

In 2023, OTP Ingatlanlízing continued to offer a preferential home leasing scheme for customers belonging 
to the Hungarian Defence Forces. The product was used for 41 new transactions during the year. 

Several preferential options were also available at the subsidiary banks. 

SI Both Slovenian subsidiary banks participated in the loan scheme facilitating first home purchases with a 
state guarantee for young people, which only a few customers had taken advantage of by the end of the 
year. 

HR The Croatian subsidiary bank also offered preferential loan terms for the purchase of a first home, with 
state  subsidisation.  The  rate  of  interest  subsidies  were  higher  in  less  developed  regions.  In  2023, 
approximately 900 loans were disbursed, worth HUF 38.3 billion in total. 

UZ A state-subsidised housing loan was also available at Ipoteka Bank, with more than 3,500 people taking 
advantage. 

UA  The  Ukrainian  subsidiary  bank  joined  the  state  assistance  programme  for  owners  of  war -damaged 
houses. The support can be applied for via the bank’s mobile app and is paid into an OTP Bank account. 
The service is free of charge. 

RO The Romanian subsidiary provided mortgage loans with state guarantee to help young people purchase 
their first homes. Under the scheme, OTP Bank was able to offer loans with a 15 percent higher loan amount, 
and also linked to this scheme was the possibility of granting preferential loans for A, B or C energy -efficiency 
category housing. In 2023, 39 loan transactions amounting to HUF 718 mill ion were concluded. More than 
80 percent of the new housing loan applications submitted to the Bank in 2023 were for homes with A and 
B energy-efficiency category. 

MD The Moldovan bank continued its participation in the First Home programme, where the matu rity was 
extended  from  84  months  to  300  months.  In  2023,  the  bank  disbursed  14  new  loans  amounting  to  
HUF 164 million. The number of active loans under the preferential scheme was 862 at the end of the year.  

In Hungary, OTP Bank plays an important role in serving the financial needs of condominiums. At the end 
of 2023, the number of condominium customers was almost the same as the previous year, at over 39,000. 
At Group level, the number of condominium customers reached 50,000, with OTP Bank Croatia and  CKB 
having a larger customer base in terms of population. 

OTP Condominium grant scheme 

For the 15th time, the parent bank announced its Condominium Grant Campaign, doubling the amount of 
support compared to the previous year to HUF 30 million. This time, the professional jury selected 15 winners 
from nearly a thousand entries. The aim of the campaign was to improve the quality of the close environment 
of condominiums and housing co-operatives and to promote energy-efficient investments in their operation. 
Of  the  15  winning  condominiums,  8  were  outside  of  Budapest  and  7  in  Budapest.  The  winning  rural 
apartment buildings are equally divided between the Transdanubian and Eastern Hungarian regions.  

As a new element in 2023, the Bank supported Habitat for  Humanity Hungary’s Second Chance Program 
with HUF 1 million for every 100 valid applications submitted. As a result, we gave the organisation a grant 

24 OTP Core and OTP Ingatlanlízing 

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of HUF 10 million, and with this money we have created – through voluntary work – a decent and affordable 
home for a family with young children who have lost their housing. OTP Bank volunteers also participated 
in the renovation of the home. 

Micro, small and medium-sized business customers 

ST1:  3-3  Micro  and  small  business  loan  portfolios  varied  across  the  group’s  banks.  There  was  an 
outstanding increase of  around 20 percent  in Croatia, and the  portfolio also increased in Montenegro. In 
several countries – Hungary, Bulgaria, Albania, Romania – the portfolio stagnated. 

In  Slovenia,  the  overall  portfolio  increased  as  a  result  of  the  acquisition  of  NKBM,  while  SKB’s  portfolio 
decreased year-on-year due to a decline in investment loans that started in the third quarter.  

The  Serbian  subsidiary  bank  saw  a  slight  decrease  in  portfolio  volume.  The  expected  growth  did  no t 
materialise because the EIF Guarantee Fund (Cosme), which accounts for 60% of the segment’s lending, 
was exhausted at the beginning of 2023. In addition, as a result of the portfolio re -segmentation, part of the 
loans have been moved to the medium-sized business category. There were also decreases in the Ukraine, 
Russia and Moldova. 

In  Hungary,  the  segment  was  dominated  by  products  interest-subsidised  by  the  state.  In  particular,  the 
MAX+  products  of  the  Széchenyi  Card  Programme  were  available  to  micro,  small  and  medium-sized 
enterprises, providing them with preferential access to the resources necessary for the maintenance and 
development of their business. We were the first to launch the Széchenyi Card MAX+ product on the market, 
with a market share of 41%. Energy efficiency investment projects were prioritised in the scheme (see also 
@2.2). The Baross Gábor Reindustrialisation Loan Scheme also provided preferential funding to companies 
to offset the negative impacts of the energy crisis and the disruption in international value chains. 25 

GRI  203-2  The  loan  products  available  through  MFB  Points  (see  also  @2.4)  were  also  popular  among 
SMEs as a result of the waiver of bank fees. In 2023, due to the funding cycles of EU grants, no new loan 
products were available, but there was still HUF 168.8 billion in disbursed loans to supp ort the development 
of businesses. 

OTP Bank has renewed its pre-financing product for agricultural grants, which was launched in December 
2023 and will show results in 2024. 

OTP  Bank’s  OTP  Business  Café  online  series  of  events  supports  the  knowledge  and  sk ills  of  small  and 
medium-sized entrepreneurs with useful and inspiring discussions. The event feature a given success story, 
an inspiring interview about the economic success of the business concerned. The series has been running 
for 3 years and has around 10,000 subscribers on YouTube. 

Our subsidiary banks have also worked with a number of public and international institutions to support the 
SME sector. 

RS  The  Serbian  subsidiary  bank  participated  in  a  programme  implemented  in  cooperation  between  the 
Ministry of Finance and the Serbian Development Agency (with EU funding), which provides non -refundable 
grants  and  loans  to  small  businesses,  sole  proprietors  and  cooperatives  for  the  purchase  of  production 
equipment  or  machinery,  as  well  as  for  energy  efficiency  and  environmental  protection  developments.  In 
2023, 12 new loans were disbursed under the facility for a total of HUF 262 million, with a year -end portfolio 
of 56 loans totalling HUF 993 million. 

UZ A facility is available with the Uzbek subsidiary bank  to provide access to loans on preferential terms 
with  state  support  to  local  service  sector  manufacturers  and  producers  for  the  overall  development  of 
enterprises and the economy and society of the Autonomous Republic of Karakalpakstan.  

In the framework of the Women Entrepreneurs Programme, the Uzbek subsidiary bank cooperates with the 
Association for Businesswomen in Uzbekistan, providing training for women entrepreneurs. The training is 
available in all regions of Uzbekistan and is open to both potential and existing customers. 

ME CKB participated in the EBRD’s (European Bank for Reconstruction and Development) Regional SME 
Competitiveness  Support  Programme,  which  encourages  businesses  to  meet  EU  and  international 
standards by offering a preferential scheme to achieve a target in the  areas of environmental protection, 
occupational health and safety, product quality and safety, and energy efficiency. The subsidiary bank has 
signed a framework agreement for HUF 1.1 billion for the scheme. 

RO The Romanian subsidiary bank continued to be a partner bank in several schemes to help SMEs and 
sole proprietors to cope with the aftermath of COVID-19, the energy crisis and the effects of the war between 

25 The scheme was also available to large companies. 

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Russia  and  Ukraine.  The  bank  has  participated  in  the  Start-up  Nation  and  Women  in  Tech  government-
supported programmes. For beneficiaries of the programmes, the bank both transfers and pre -finances the 
grant. In total, 663 SME customers gained access to preferential funding in 2023.  

UA OTP Bank Ukraine is participating in a joint programme with USAID to reimburse interest on loans to 
businesses that have been relocated or affected by war, or to micro and small enterprises in critical areas 
for economic recovery or that are owned by women. 

MD The Moldovan subsidiary bank had access to the preferential scheme of the IFAD (International Fund 
for Agricultural Development) Young Entrepreneurs Loan, but it was not used by the bank’s customers in 
2023.  From  2023,  the  subsidised  loan  was  made  subject  to  a  maximum  area  size,  which  t he  bank’s 
customers exceeded. 

OTP Hungaro-Project and OTP Consulting Romania 

The  member  companies  contributed  to  the  achievement  of  social  goals  by  preparing  applications  and 
providing project management services. 

In  2023,  the  OTP  Hungaro-Project  provided  90%  of  its  services  to  agricultural  enterprises,  submitting 
applications, mainly for environmental projects, as  described in Section @2.4. In the social and innovation 
area, it prepared an application with a total eligible cost of HUF 2.8 billion and a requested grant of HUF 1.4 
billion. The application was not evaluated in 2023. 

The OTP Hungaro-Project also supports the uptake of  sustainable activities and related reporting through 
its  ESG  consultancy  activities.  In  2023,  the  company  held  ESG  training  for  SMEs  at  three  locations, 
supported by the Budapest Stock Exchange and funded by the European Union, with the participation of 
nearly 50 companies, and supported the preparation of the first ESG report of several companies.  

RO  In  2023,  the  Romanian  subsidiary  was  involved  in  the  implementation  of  three  EU -funded  projects 
started  earlier,  which  aim  to  promote  environmental  awareness  and  the  development  of  vulnerable  and 
disadvantaged local communities through the development of human capital.  

The  two-year  AID4NEETs  project  aimed  to  help  young  unemployed  people  in  the  north-east  and  central 
regions of the country, with a special focus  on equal opportunities  – minimum criteria were set for Roma 
people from rural areas and people from difficult backgrounds. The HUF 1.3 billion project, which concluded 
in  2023,  helped  more  than  1,000  unemployed  young  people  (NEETs)  and  supported  the  creati on  of  29 
businesses. 

The SIA – Innovative Students, Entrepreneurs of the Future project, and the Innovative Entrepreneurship 
for Students project also ended in 2023. The projects had a total budget of HUF 764 million (EUR 2 million) 
each, developed the entrepreneurial skills of at least 700 students and provided non-reimbursable support 
to 28 start-ups, creating 130 jobs. The projects were implemented in the seven least developed regions of 
Romania. 

PortfoLion 

OTP  Group’s  venture  capital  fund  manager  invests  in  early,  growth  and  mature  stage  companies.  The 
company automatically excludes companies with a high ESG risk category from potential investments. The 
company’s policy for managing sustainability risks is available on the  @website. 

In  2023,  the  company’s  portfolio  also  included  companies  whose  activities  contribute  to  social  or 
environmental objectives. 

Coding  Giants  is  a  Warsaw-based  programming  school  that  teaches  the  most  popular  programming 
languages to 7–19 year-olds using proprietary curriculum. 75 percent of the courses are delivered online. 
The company is the market leader in Poland, teaching around 15,000 students a year with 550 teachers. 
From September 2023, training has also started in Spain and Italy. 

Renewabl enables its corporate customers to monitor their renewable energy consumption 24 hours a day 
and  is  working  on  an  end-to-end  platform  where  customers  can  choose  the  most  appropriate  renewable 
sources for their consumption profile. 

OTP Social Lab 

The Bank has been working to establish a radically new business model in 2023. The Social Lab aims to 
create  a  business  programme  that  is  sustainable  and  has  a  positive  social  impact  in  the  longer  term  by 
addressing  real  social  and  environmental  problems  through  innovative  collaboration.  The  Bank  seeks 

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business solutions by using its relevant local knowledge, ecosystem and network of c ontacts to work with 
the community concerned. In 2023, it prepared, in the scope of broader cooperation, a concept that fits OTP 
Group, is sustainable in the long term, and is meaningful and pervasive for both society and business. It 
identified  its  material  areas  and  set  up  its  operational  framework.  The  sustainable  business  model  and 
related programmes will bring stakeholders together. The support of initiatives and the operation of the OTP 
Social Lab will commence in 2024. 

2.7. Management of ESG risks 

GRI  201-2,  TCFD  II.a,b,  III.a,b,c,  IV.a  A  separate  ESG  Programme  has  been  defined  within the  OTP 
Group  Risk  Strategy,  prioritising  the  further  development  of  ESG  risk  management  procedures. 
Significant progress has been made towards this goal. 

In the framework of the ESG Risk Management Programme, tasks for the integration of ESG factors have 
been formulated for the various risk management areas and progress is monitored on a quarterly basis. The 
Supervisory  Board  was  informed  at  the  end  of  2023  about  ESG  risk  management  issues,  including 
developments for the identification and assessment of climate change risks.  

The assessment of the adequacy of ESG risk management is mainly based on compliance with the MNB’s 
Green Recommendations26, on which regularly reporting is made to the Management Committee and the 
ESG Committee. The Recommendations set out specific expectations for the management of environmental 
risks. The Bank also monitors the content of the recommendations and guidelines of the European Bank ing 
Authority (EBA) and the European Central Bank (ECB). In the case of DSK Bank in Bulgaria and NKBM in 
Slovenia,  the  ECB  has  direct  supervisory  powers,  thus  compliance  with  the  EBA/ECB’s  framework  of 
expectations  is  a  key  focus  for  these  banks  in  the  assessment  and  management  of  environmental  and 
climate risks. Supervisory expectations are increasingly ambitious in this area.  

FN-CB-410a.2, FN-MF-450a.3. The ESG risk management framework for lending and monitoring for the 
corporate business, already applied at Group level from 2022, was revised in 2023, with the most significant 
change  being  the  tightening  of  the  methodology  for  the  risk  classification  of  leasing  transactions  for 
motorised assets, with specific, stricter categorisation rules for trucks. The  policy was incorporated into the 
Credit Risk Policy of OTP Group concurrently with the revision. 

The elements of the ESG risk management framework (ESG risk heat map, ESG exclusion list and ESG 
risk rating system) introduced in the corporate  business are applied uniformly across the Banking Group. 
ESG  considerations  are  reflected  in  individual  corporate  lending  decisions,  and  methodologies  are 
continuously developed in line with the evolution of available data and methodologies.  

In terms of environmental risks, the Bank has started to establish a baseline database based on geospatial 
data to map physical risks for the assessment of climate risks. This helps to determine the link between the 
financial data of the borrowing firms and climate risk data. The methodology for assessing physical risks will 
also be incorporated into the individual corporate lending process. 

HR Together with the Croatian Banking Association and other banks, the Croatian subsidiary has developed 
a questionnaire to assess the ESG performance of its customers, which will be applied from 2024.  
ST9: 3-3, own indicator The ESG exclusion list has not changed in 2023. The list contains activities and 
behaviours that, due to their disputed nature or effects, cannot be reconciled w ith the core principles of OTP 
Group, the protection of human rights and the promotion of sustainable development.  

Among others, the list includes the following exclusions: 

• 
• 

• 

customers whose financing is forbidden in international accords, EU acts or nationa l laws; 
customers  and  transactions  who/which  violate  the  legislation  of  the  country  concerned  or 
international laws (e.g. illegal arms trade, prohibited gambling, illegal trade of drugs and medicines);  
financing  in  relation  to  controversial  weapons  (nuclear,  biological  or  chemical  weapons,  anti-
personnel mines); 

•  manufacturing and trading products that contain PCBs; 
• 

trading in specimens of wild animals under the CITES Treaty or in the products made from them.  

The full exclusion list is set out in the Group’s internal policies. 

Customers are required, as a minimum, to comply with the relevant and applicable environmental and social 
laws and regulations and have the permits, licences and authorisations required for their operation.  

26  Recommendation No. 10/2022. (VIII.2.) of the National Bank  of Hungary (MNB) on climate change and environmental risks and the integration of 
environmental sustainability aspects in the activities of credit institutions  

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During the corporate credit approval process, the customers’ and the transactions’ ESG risk rating is seen, 
and taken into account, by the decision maker, in decision making.  

GRI 2-13, TCFD I.a From 2023 onwards, reports on the Group’s  ESG credit risk exposure is provided to 
the  Credit  and  Limit  Committee  on  a  monthly  basis  and  to  the  Board  of  Directors  on  a  quarterly  basis. 
Improving data quality and eliminating deficiencies between data systems is ongoing.  

UZ  In  2023,  the  Uzbek  subsidiary  bank  applied  its  previously  introduced  environmental  and  social  risk 
management system to all corporate loans. The system was developed with experts from the International 
Finance Corporation (IFC) and follows the IFC’s Environmental and Social Management System (ESMS) 
methodology.  The  bank  has  an  ESG  risk  management  policy  and  regulations  in  place,  as  well  as  an 
exclusion  list,  also  based  on  the  IFC  list.  The  system  has  been  operational  since  2021.  As  a  first  step, 
transactions are screened against an exclusion list and then categorised accord ing to ESG risks in order to 
determine  which  ESG  assessment  needs  to  be  carried  out.  Following  the  ESG  assessment,  the 
environmental and social conditions of the financing are established and included in the loan contract. Once 
the contract is signed, the fulfilment of ESG requirements is monitored. 

The Group has also further developed  its ESG lending appetite framework. In addition to the exclusion 
list, the indicator applied from the beginning of 2023 is to limit the share of new transactions with a high ESG 
risk rating within new risk exposure by setting a limit. The limit is part of the Risk Appetite Statement for OTP 
Bank and part of the Corporate Lending Policy for the subsidiary banks in three EU Member States (Bulgaria, 
Croatia and  Slovenia). The utilisation of the limits is back-tested quarterly, as part of internal monitoring. 
Additional ESG-specific guidelines were incorporated into the 2024 Corporate Lending Policies.  

In the case of the collateralised commercial real estate, the application of the  ESG valuation methodology 
developed  by  OTP  Jelzálogbank  Zrt.  was  launched  in  the  Hungarian  operation  in  February  2023. 
Qualification  is  based  on  ESG  factors.  ESG  data  fields  have  been  created  in  the  bank’s  record -keeping 
system,  and  their  completion  is  partially  automated  from  information  in  the  state’s  Lechner  Knowledge 
Centre  database.  The  methodology  is  shared  with  the  subsidiary  banks  on  a  scheduled  basis  by 
incorporating the valuation procedures into the group-wide property valuation guidelines. 
In  the  retail  sector,  ESG  risks  are  most  significant  for  retail  loans  secured  by  real  estate.  In  the  case  of 
residential  property  collateral,  ESG  risk  categories  (4  categories)  have  been  set  up  for  2023,  taking  into 
account  the  value  of  the  energy  feature.  In  Hungary,  ESG  risks  are  identified  on  a  quarterly  basis.  This 
methodology has been added to the Collateral Valuation Regulation, and the extension to subsidiary banks 
is  gradual.  Energy  certificates  are  not  used  in  all  countries  of  operation  of  OTP  Group,  an d  the  lack  of 
availability is estimated according to a methodology developed within the organisation.  

GRI 201-2 The second climate change stress test was carried out in 2023 as part of the internal capital 
adequacy assessment process, with an improved methodology. The stress test (CChSTs) focused on the 
determination of financial losses due to climate change, and assessed the exposure of OTP Group’s portfolio 
to physical and transition risks in the long term (until 2050) and the short term (in the next 3 ye ars). 

The long-term results show that even under the worst-case so-called Hot House scenario, annual losses 
would increase only modestly (by about 0.15 percentage points of credit exposure) until 2050, compared to 
the climate-neutral path. There is, of course, a considerable uncertainty factor in these assessments. The 
OTP Group’s exposure to physical risks is in line with the average exposure of banks in the euro area. This 
type of risk is higher in two countries: Russia and Romania. The OTP Group’s exposu re to transition risks 
is somewhat higher than that of average banks in the euro area – because of the higher carbon intensity of 
the economies in the Central and Eastern European region. In the area of the Banking Group’s operations, 
the economies of Bulgaria and the non-EU member states are significantly more carbon intensive. 27 

The short-term analysis shows that transition risks can lead to a credit loss in the corporate portfolio that is 
about 10 percent higher in the scenario where transition risks become material, compared to the base stress 
scenario. In terms of market risks, transition risks are not significant (market risks are interpreted in relation 
to the risks to the Group’s trading portfolio). The third element of the short -term analysis is the operational 
risk of non-compliance with climate change regulations and other stakeholder expectations. Based on our 
analysis, this may represent a non-negligible but tolerable reputational loss (~0.15% of total capital). 

GRI 305-3, 305-5, TCFD II.c, IV.b As a step to mitigate climate risks in preparation for the decarbonisation 
plan,  a  second  estimate  of  indirect  greenhouse  gas  emissions  for  the  credit  portfolio  (Scope  3, 
Category 15 financed emissions) was produced in 2023. The calculation based on the PCAF (Partnership 
for  Carbon  Accounting  Financials)  Greenhouse  Gas  Protocol  methodology  has  been  refined,  and  IT 
development for the integration of customer data and estimation has started.  

27 At purchasing power parity, as a proportion of GDP 

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Based  on  the  results,  the  Banking  Group  has  started  to  develop  a  Group-wide  decarbonisation  strategy, 
which will be completed by 2025. This is also when we will publish the rate of Scope 3 financed emissions 
for 2024. 

The definition of financed  emissions completed in 2023 refers to the year -end 2022 group-level portfolio. 
Four segments were formed as prescribed by the PCAF protocol: corporate loans, retail mortgage loans, 
commercial real estates and motor vehicle loans. In lieu of adequate guidance, unsecured real estate loans 
were not included. On the whole, the calculation covers 74.6% of the total loan portfolio. It is important to 
note  that  there  are  serious  challenges  in  the  area  of  data  quality,  mainly  due  to  the  l ack  of  data  and 
inaccuracy; and overcoming these challenges is a priority in the short term. The calculation is the current 
best available approximate estimate. 

In 2023, ESG risk management in operational risk has not changed materially, and we have continued to 
apply the processes we had previously put in place. The Group-wide ESG operational risk tolerance score 
is monitored on a quarterly basis. 

The integration of ESG risks has already been implemented in 2021. In the annual process -based risk and 
control  self-assessment,  respondents  also  assess  expected  losses  in  the  coming  year  from  an  ESG 
relevance  perspective,  while  at  the  same  time  assessing  less  frequent  losses  in  the  medium/long  term 
through  the  estimation  of  changes.  For  risks  with  an  expected  loss  of  more  than  HUF  200  million,  the 
responsible departments must develop measures to mitigate the risks. Loss data are also monitored from 
the aspect of ESG relevance. To ensure tighter control, we intend to place greater emphasis on the quality 
of loss data and the monitoring of risk mitigation measures. 

In 2012, the MNB authorised the partial use of the AMA (Advanced Measurement Approach) methodology 
for the calculation of the operational risk capital requirement, one of the conditions of which is that an  annual 
scenario analysis is carried out in the assessment of operational risks. For the assessment of low probability 
but significant impact events, the Group uses scenario analysis  – with standardised estimation – to assess 
the realistic long-term impact of events. The same methodology is applied in the scenario analyses for the 
parent bank, foreign subsidiaries and Merkantil Bank. In 2023, OTP Bank Ukraine has identified the largest 
expected loss (financial impact of the occurrence of the risk) among the group members, at HUF 1.8 billion. 
OTP  Bank  gave  a  similar  figure.  Compared  to  the  previous  year,  the  expected  loss  value  of  the  climate 
change scenario increased for the majority of subsidiaries, but was among the 15 to 20 scenarios analysed 
with small to medium expected losses for the member companies. 

Business impact analysis and business continuity plans also include consideration of the potential impact of 
climate change risk. 

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2.8. Portfolio breakdown by sector 

GRI 2-6, FS6, FN-CB-410a.1 

Micro and small enterprises 
Assets by sector, on-balance sheet 
exposure to own customers without 
leasing and consolidation, 31.12.202328 

Agriculture, forestry, fishing 
Mining, quarrying 
Manufacturing 
Electricity,  gas,  steam  and  air  conditioning 
supply 
Water supply; sewerage,  waste management 
and remediation activities 
Construction 
Wholesale  and  retail  trade;  repair  of  motor 
vehicles and motorcycles 
Transportation and storage 
Accommodation and food service activities 
Information, communication 
Financial and insurance activities 
Real estate activities 
Professional, scientific and technical activities 
Administrative and support service activities 
Public 
compulsory social security 
Training 
Human health and social work activities 
Arts, entertainment and recreation 
Other services 
Activities  of  households  as  employers; 
undifferentiated goods for own use 
Not classified 
Total (HUF billions) 

administration 

defence; 

and 

Hungary  Bulgaria  Croatia  Slovenia  Serbia  Albania  Montenegro  Uzbekistan 

Russia 

Ukraine  Romania  Moldova 

7% 
0% 
9% 

0% 

0% 

19% 

29% 

6% 
5% 
3% 
0% 
9% 
5% 
5% 

0% 

0% 
1% 
1% 
1% 

0% 

0% 
578.2 

24% 
0% 
12% 

0% 

0% 

8% 

29% 

11% 
3% 
1% 
0% 
2% 
3% 
2% 

0% 

0% 
3% 
0% 
1% 

0% 

0% 
92.2 

16% 
0% 
7% 

0% 

0% 

6% 

9% 

4% 
6% 
1% 
0% 
1% 
3% 
44% 

0% 

1% 
2% 
1% 
1% 

0% 

0% 
70.2 

5% 
0% 
19% 

0% 

1% 

16% 

18% 

9% 
8% 
3% 
0% 
1% 
9% 
3% 

0% 

1% 
2% 
2% 
2% 

0% 

2% 
0% 
23% 

0% 

1% 

8% 

37% 

9% 
2% 
3% 
0% 
0% 
5% 
2% 

0% 

1% 
1% 
0% 
1% 

0% 

3% 
0% 
15% 

0% 

0% 

4% 

33% 

2% 
30% 
1% 
0% 
2% 
1% 
2% 

0% 

1% 
3% 
0% 
4% 

0% 

0% 
54.7 

6% 
52.7 

0% 
29.5 

3% 
1% 
13% 

0% 

0% 

9% 

35% 

13% 
10% 
2% 
0% 
2% 
6% 
3% 

0% 

0% 
0% 
0% 
2% 

0% 

1% 
6.9 

0% 
0% 
0% 

0% 

0% 

0% 

0% 

0% 
0% 
0% 
0% 
0% 
0% 
0% 

0% 

0% 
0% 
0% 
0% 

0% 

100% 
224.8 

1% 
0% 
8% 

0% 

0% 

42% 

23% 

4% 
4% 
0% 
0% 
1% 
5% 
11% 

0% 

0% 
0% 
1% 
1% 

0% 

0% 
0.6 

0% 
0% 
0% 

0% 

0% 

0% 

2% 

0% 
0% 
0% 
0% 
0% 
0% 
0% 

0% 

0% 
0% 
0% 
0% 

57% 

40% 
0.9 

8% 
0% 
10% 

0% 

1% 

14% 

34% 

10% 
3% 
2% 
3% 
1% 
6% 
3% 

0% 

1% 
3% 
0% 
1% 

0% 

0% 
24.8 

44% 
0% 
11% 

1% 

0% 

4% 

26% 

4% 
1% 
0% 
1% 
2% 
2% 
1% 

0% 

0% 
2% 
0% 
0% 

0% 

1% 
10.5 

28 The table includes data for sectors with a share of more than 0.5 percent. As a result and due to rounding, not all columns sum to 100%. Industrial classification is acco rding to UN (ISIC) classification. The size of the company 
is according to the current legal classification. 

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OTP BANK 

Medium and large enterprises 

Assets by sector, on-balance sheet 
exposure to own customers without 
leasing and consolidation, 31.12.202329 

Agriculture, forestry, fishing 
Mining, quarrying 
Manufacturing 
Electricity,  gas,  steam  and  air  conditioning 
supply 
Water supply; sewerage,  waste management 
and remediation activities 
Construction 
Wholesale  and  retail  trade;  repair  of  motor 
vehicles and motorcycles 
Transportation and storage 
Accommodation and food service activities 
Information, communication 
Financial and insurance activities 
Real estate activities 
Professional, scientific and technical activities 
Administrative and support service activities 
Public 
compulsory social security 
Training 
Human health and social work activities 
Arts, entertainment and recreation 
Other services 
Not classified 
Total (HUF billions) 

administration 

defence; 

and 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

Hungary  Bulgaria  Croatia  Slovenia  Serbia  Albania  Montenegro  Uzbekistan 

Russia 

Ukraine  Romania  Moldova 

6% 
0% 
8% 

4% 

0% 

4% 

9% 

2% 
3% 
0% 
34% 
15% 
3% 
1% 

3% 

3% 
0% 
22% 

19% 

1% 

4% 

15% 

4% 
4% 
4% 
9% 
11% 
2% 
0% 

2% 

4% 
0% 
16% 

14% 

2% 

13% 

14% 

5% 
8% 
3% 
2% 
3% 
4% 
1% 

9% 

1% 
0% 
27% 

5% 

1% 

6% 

13% 

5% 
2% 
3% 
15% 
6% 
7% 
1% 

3% 

6% 
6% 
21% 

15% 

0% 

7% 

18% 

5% 
1% 
7% 
0% 
7% 
1% 
1% 

5% 

0% 
0% 
0% 
4% 
1% 
3,376.8 

0% 
0% 
0% 
0% 
0% 
1,427.8 

0% 
1% 
0% 
0% 
0% 
900.5 

0% 
2% 
1% 
0% 
0% 
1,244.8 

0% 
0% 
0% 
0% 
0% 
956.0 

2% 
2% 
11% 

16% 

0% 

15% 

29% 

1% 
7% 
4% 
1% 
1% 
0% 
1% 

0% 

0% 
4% 
0% 
5% 
0% 
186.9 

1% 
0% 
4% 

0% 

0% 

10% 

29% 

3% 
21% 
0% 
1% 
2% 
1% 
2% 

26% 

0% 
0% 
0% 
0% 
0% 
230.9 

0% 
0% 
0% 

0% 

0% 

0% 

0% 

0% 
0% 
0% 
0% 
0% 
0% 
0% 

0% 

0% 
0% 
0% 
0% 
100% 
188.7 

0% 
0% 
22% 

0% 

4% 

20% 

30% 

0% 
0% 
0% 
2% 
23% 
0% 
0% 

0% 

0% 
0% 
0% 
0% 
0% 
30.2 

21% 
0% 
28% 

0% 

0% 

0% 

42% 

4% 
0% 
0% 
0% 
4% 
0% 
0% 

0% 

0% 
0% 
0% 
0% 
0% 
236.7 

18% 
0% 
12% 

3% 

1% 

12% 

15% 

5% 
4% 
1% 
8% 
17% 
1% 
1% 

2% 

0% 
1% 
1% 
0% 
0% 
550.6 

8% 
0% 
17% 
0% 

0% 

1% 
44% 

3% 
0% 
5% 
7% 
4% 
0% 
0% 
2% 

1% 
8% 
0% 
0% 
0% 
75.3 

The environmental and social risks of economic activities are defined for Level 4 NACE codes. All activities within the Minin g sector group are high risk. In the case 
of the activities involved in Real Estate Activities, Administrative and Support Services , Human Health and Social Work Activities and Other Services, the highest 
consolidated environmental and social risk rating is medium. Professional, Scientific and Technical activities are low -risk activities. The risk rating of activities in 
the rest of the sector groups ranges from low to high. 

Exposure calculations are not based on Schedule RC-C and Schedule RC-I, and the classification is not in line with the NAICS classification.

29 The table includes data for sectors with a share of more than 0.5 percent. As a result and due to rounding, not all columns sum to 100%. Industri al classification is according to UN (ISIC) classification. The size of the company 
is according to the current legal classification. 

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3.  FINANCIAL WELFARE, RESPONSIBLE CUSTOMER SERVICE 

This chapter presents the activities related to the following material topics, which are discussed at multiple 
places within the chapter: 

ST6: GRI 3-3 Financial welfare: 

Impacts: With its products and service provision methods, the Banking Group can contribute to the financial 
welfare  of  its  clients  and  enable  them  to  make  the  responsible  financial  decisions  best  suited  to  their 
particular  life  situations.  The  group’s  practices  influence  the  extent  to  which  responsible  cash  handling 
options are available or unavailable to customers in different financial and social circumstances. Financial 
products and services are often complex, and the information provided by the Banking Group is essential to 
understanding them. 

This material topic supports the achievement of the following SDGs: 

Engagement: We are committed to promoting our customers’ financial welfare and we offer them products 
that are aligned with their real needs and possibilities. We always aim to make sure that our communication 
and  customer  service  is  fair,  clear  and  straightforward.  Our  objectives  are  also  presented  in  our 
@Responsible Marketing Policy and @Consumer Protection Compliance Program. 

Acts: Designing ethical and fair products 

Transparent and understandable product structure 
Providing tools and knowledge to enable good financial decisions, offering educational videos and 
calculators 
Continually enhancing our responsible marketing communication practices 
Highly visible information in plain language 
Thorough exploration of customer situations and requirements 
Responsible sales, product offers 

Stakeholder cooperation: We carry out preliminary research on the practices we intend to introduce, often 
running  pilots  to  test  them.  We  regularly  carry  out  customer  satisfaction  surveys.  We  conduct  mystery 
shopping to check compliance with the requirements. Our clients can repo rt inappropriate practices in our 
complaints handling system (see @4.3); all complaints are investigated and the customer is always informed 
of the outcome of the investigation. We are on the lookout for opportunities to work with NGOs to promote 
responsible practices (e.g. Advertising Self-Regulatory Board, banking associations). 

ST5: GRI 3-3 Equal opportunities in accessing financial services: 

Impacts:  Access  to  financial  services  is  a  prerequisite  for  financial  wellbeing.  Positive  social/economic 
impacts  can  be  achieved  only  if  disadvantaged  groups  are  also  able  to  manage  their  finances,  with 
reasonable effort, through the digital channels, bank branches or ATMs available.  

This material topic supports the achievement of the following SDGs: 

Engagement: To ensure equal opportunities and promote the principles of social solidarity, it is also crucial 
that the bank’s services be accessible, that disadvantaged people also have acces s to the basic functions 
required for managing their finances and, to the extent possible, are able to borrow as well. We impose strict 
conditions on the use of our services, both for the stability of the Banking Group and in the interests of our 
clients. 

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OTP BANK 

Acts: Expanding online services 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

Maintaining the option of personal customer service, strengthening the advisory function  
Developing accessibility for disabled 
Products available to vulnerable groups as well (see Chapter 2.6) 

Stakeholder engagement/compliance:  We carry out preliminary research on the practices we intend to 
introduce,  often  running  pilots  to  test  them.  We  conduct  mystery  s hopping  to  check  compliance  with 
accessible  customer  service  requirements.  We  look  for  opportunities  to  work  with  NGOs  to  promote 
responsible practices. 

Details of activities relating to material topics are presented in the following pages, along with thei r outcomes 
and how their effectiveness is assessed. 

For more details on our principles and overall objectives, please visit @our website. 

3.1  Responsible communication and sales 

ST6: 3-3 Responsible communication takes many forms on many levels within the Banking Group. 

Information  and  communication  about  banking  products  and  services  is  a  highly  regulated  area  in  most 
countries  where  OTP  Group  operates.  Regulations  tend  to  require  providers  to  make  a  wide  range  of 
information available. Responsible communication means complying with such rules while also using clear 
language and raising awareness. 

Clear  communication  is  a  priority  for  us  at  all  times.  To  this  end,  all  new  employees  of  OTP  Bank’s 
Marketing and Communication Directorate attend in-house training on the subject; after their initial training, 
they receive regular further and refresher training and share best practices, which is intended to ensure that 
such best practices are applied at all times. 

The Tone of Voice manual, in which the use of plain language is prescribed as a basic goal and requirement, 
is available across the Group. The manual contains templates and guidance  on advertising, websites and 
social media communication. 

We  have  started  to  measure  what  our  clients  think  about  clear  communication  and  how  their  view  is 
changing. 

The parent bank and several subsidiaries improved their information and communication pract ices during 
the year. 

• 

In  order  to  make  our  customer  communications  more  transparent  and  help  service  users  in  their 
planning, OTP Bank introduced in 2023 a practice of announcing 30 days in advance all IT system 
shutdowns  that  meet  the  definition  of  bank  holiday;  the  information  is  provided  to  clients  on  our 
website and on the signature pads in branches. 

•  We  updated  our  internal  regulations  and  our  branch  data  systems  by  standardizing  the  range  of 
services  available  in  the  branches,  and  we  also  modified  their  wording  to  make  external 
communications clearer. 

•  At the end of 2023 we relaunched the website where we explain the services available at ATMs; all 
ATM  services  are  presented  in  detail,  and  short  video  summaries  are  provided  about  the  more 
complex services. 

•  The  website  also  offers  answers  to  our  clients’  frequently  asked  questions  (FAQs)  related  to 

complaint handling. 

•  The branch locator on the Bank’s website is to be revamped in early 2024 so that it can return more 
precise results and present a clear, filterable view of services and other information, including on 
accessibility. 

•  Videos and screenshots available on the Bank’s regularly updated IBMB Guide page help clients 

use the new internet and mobile banking features. 

•  The savings pages of the Bank’s website are constantly being updated, also enhancing client focus; 

the investment fund search function has also been updated. 

SI NKBM of Slovenia has a dedicated website to inform its clients about what to consider before taking out 
a loan; it also provides useful information on what to do after borrowing. 

HR The Croatian subsidiary has continued to review its communication practices and solutions to achieve 
simpler language, clearer structures and easier navigation. The Bank tries to use colloquial language at  all 
times  and  communicate  in  a  more  personal,  customer-centric  way.  In  2023  the  subsidiary  continued  to 
prioritise  the  promotion  of  the  packages  and  products  intended  for  students.  In  compliance  with  the 

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requirements formulated by the Croatian National Bank, the subsidiary discloses the potential risks of the 
products in their descriptions. 

RS The Serbian subsidiary modified its text message communication practices in order to provide clearer 
information; it rewrote all language that could have been misleading for clients due to the use of banking 
jargon. 

ME  CKB  also  worked  on  improving  the  content  of  its  text  messages  to  ensure  clearer  and  more 
straightforward  communication.  The  bank  intensified  its  product  communications  via  Viber,  also  drawing 
clients’ attention to the important changes. 

UA  In  2023  the  Ukrainian  subsidiary  again  faced  a  number  of  crises  due  to  the  war.  It  adopted  a  crisis 
response policy and, in order to provide timely and transparent information to clients, within two hours of 
any  incident  the  bank  publishes  information  on  its  website  and  on  social  media  regarding  shutdowns  or 
errors in the bank’s core system, products or services. 

RO OTP Bank Romania modified its mortgage loan application guide to educate its clients, presenting the 
benefits of a more energy-efficient home and encouraging greener choices. 

OTP Group works to ensure that the products it offers and sells to its customers are aligned with their life 
situations and needs, and help them achieve their financial goals. Remuneration criteria and incentives are 
adapted to the local markets, they are not uniform across the Banking Group. None of the members of the 
Banking Group introduced material changes to their sales processes. DSK Bank launched a new incentive 
scheme. All front office staff in branches that perform above the NPS target 30 receive a fixed bonus. 

Improving financial awareness regarding banking services 

In  addition  to  informing  clients  responsibly,  we  promote  responsible  cash  handling  in  a  number  of  other 
ways,  providing  a  more  comprehensive  knowledge  and  understanding  of  banking  services  and  offering 
features that help clients achieve stability in their finances. 

Animated  videos  on  data  security  have  been  added  to  the  OTP  Knowledge  Bank  YouTube  channel; 
these videos explain in plain terms how financial products and services work. The third video had more than 
1 million views, while the first two videos had nearly 700,000 views each. We believe that these outstanding 
viewing figures demonstrate the importance of this topic and the wide reach of the videos. During the year, 
a  total  of  14  general  financial  education  videos  were  available,  supplemented  with  vi deos  specifically 
presenting  OTP  Bank’s  services.  In  2023  the  general-content  videos  were  viewed  a  total  of  1.99  million 
times; films on subjects other than phishing were viewed 260,000 times.  

The next step: Our research shows that young people’s cash handling habits are shaped by the role models 
in their families; however, parents are often unaware of this fact and try to avoid speaking about money in 
front of their children. Because of the importance of this topic, we have put family role models at the he art 
of a campaign we launched in November 2023. Three short clips were produced by the end of the year, 
showing how the families of three online media personalities manage their money and how they involve the 
children  as  well.  At  the  end  of  each  video  useful  tips  are  offered  by  experts  (a  psychologist,  a  banking 
specialist, the head of education at the OTP Fáy András Foundation). The videos direct visitors to the page 
@akovetkezolepes.hu, which is a new financial awareness website of OTP Bank. The website offers parents 
and anyone else interested in financial education a wide range of clear and structured practical information 
on good money management practices. 

We launched a series entitled Finance Made Easy in cooperation with RTL Online and the Bank360 online 
platform.  In  the  videos,  experts  from  OTP  Bank  and  Bank360  discuss  and  suggest  solutions  to  financial 
issues that arise in typical life situations. Short films were produced about a variety of topics such as when 
and  what  financial  products  can  be  of  use  for  children,  and  how  to  track  income  and  expenditures  in  a 
convenient and more purposeful way. The video series was launched at the end of 2023 and w ill continue 
in 2024 as well, covering the subjects of equal opportunities and charitable donations. While the financial 
situations  presented  in  the  videos  are  generic,  we  do  recommend  specific  OTP  products  in  our 
communications promoting them. 

In an important outcome resulting from our cooperation with Cogo, a carbon calculator is now available in 
the Personal Finance Manager module of OTP Bank’s mobile banking app (see also @2.4). We have added 
this feature in order to encourage customers to make financially as well as environmentally sound decisions.  

30 Net Promoter Score - a measure of customer satisfaction 

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BG DSK Bank implemented a joint initiative with the largest media group in Bulgaria (Net Info) . In the “Your 
Money” programme, 10 videos and a series of online articles were created, delving into the most important 
aspects of banks, the banking system and money. Videos were produced with titles such as “Why do banks 
exist?”, “How to get a loan” and “What is a POS?”. 

The bank also shares informative content on its social media platforms about banking products in general, 
and has started a “Financial Tuesday” series on LinkedIn, where it also shares useful information about the 
banking system and its products and services. 

SI  In  Slovenia,  NKBM  and  SKB  joined  forces  to  improve  financial  literacy.  The focus  of  their  activities  in 
2023 was to promote the 50:30:20 rule, which makes it easier to reach financial goals. The principle behind 
this rule is to spend 50% of your income on basic needs and household expenses, 30% on leisure activities 
and  20%  on  savings.  This  and  other  useful  ways  to save  money  are  demonstrated  in  six  animated  films 
based  on  the  life  of  a  fictional  Slovenian  family.  The  videos  showed,  for  example,  how  to  plan  monthly 
expenses, how to save for future goals or retirement, and how to become financially independent. These 
stories from the life of the Bogataj family can be viewed on both banks’ websites, social media channels and 
other digital channels, and a dedicated website has also been created. 

SKB has set up a webpage for posting educational videos that help clients improve their awareness in how 
they manage their personal finances. The bank continued its #Nevergiveup motivational cam paign in 2023; 
in this campaign,  it communicates messages and challenges to the customers. Throughout the year, the 
focus has been on healthy exercise and sporting careers; the bank also put out a message at the time of 
the natural disaster in August, encouraging people to help and volunteer. 

RS The Serbian subsidiary enhanced the My Finance feature available in its mobile banking service and 
allowing retail clients to split their savings and set target dates for their goals.  

AL Each month the Albanian subsidiary publishes financial planning and education news and posts financial 
challenges and games on its social media platforms. In 2023 the bank ran several campaigns to promote 
environmental awareness and the use of recyclable materials.  

MD Our Moldovan subsidiary also promoted environmental awareness across society, raising awareness 
on several occasions of how to consume in rational ways and why reuse and recycling are important.  

3.2  Debtor protection 

ST1, ST6: 3-3 A number of conditions need to be met – from a correct assessment of possibilities 
through the Bank’s prudent risk management to an adequate regulatory environment – for borrowing 
to actually be the way forward for our clients. In addition to implementing these, OTP  Group also 
considers it a key objective to offer solutions to distressed debtors. 

The interest rate freeze introduced in Hungary in order to reduce the credit risk of customers continued in 
2023. That aim is also served by the Qualified Consumer-Friendly Housing Loans (MFL) scheme. By the 
end of 2023 the share of MFL loans had increased to 60 percent of all personal loans granted by OTP Bank. 
In real estate loans, the interest rate moratorium led us to stop selling loans that do not have a fixed interest 
rate  until  the  end  of  the  term;  we  offered  only  Family  Housing  Allowance  loans,  which  have  consumer -
friendly classification. 

Debtor protection programmes are available across the Group; compared to the total loan portfolio, only a 
small number of debtors make use of these schemes. In 2023 we introduced several changes to prevent 
the  non-performance  of 
training  videos  and  simplified  and  extended  our 
communications  in  order  to  help  distressed  clients  find  out  about  the  options  available  to  th em.  A  video 
about  solutions  for  payment  difficulties  was  posted  on  our  Knowledge  Bank  channel  described  in  the 
previous chapter. 

loans.  We  produced 

Together  with  our  foreign  subsidiary  banks,  we  reviewed  our  processes  related  to  debt  protection 
programmes, the options available to clients, and the effectiveness and operation of the programmes. While 
the overall proposal describing the opportunities for improvement will be finalised only in 2024, our Russian, 
Ukrainian and Slovenian subsidiaries were already expanding their debtor protection options in 2023. 

SI Following the floods in Slovenia, our Slovenian subsidiary banks offered their clients a moratorium on 
loan payments. 

Whenever clients are in arrears, OTP Bank immediately contacts them; after all, the chances for settle ment 
decrease as the amounts in arrears increase. Debtors in arrears have several options, such as extending 
their  repayment  period,  reducing  their  repayments  or  capitalizing  the  amount  in  arrears.  We  recommend 
repayment insurance to our customers. 

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In 2023 Merkantil Bank shared an information video on its website, in which it explains the debt settlement 
options available to clients in arrears. 

At OTP Bank the number of people resorting to debt protection schemes increased significantly during 2023, 
reaching almost 15,000 by the end of the year (up from around 10,000 at its beginning). The total amount 
of these loans almost doubled, to HUF 24 billion. Clients in arrears with their overdraft payments represent 
the  largest  proportion  of  debtors  in  debt  protection  programmes,  while  the  steepest  rate  of  increase  was 
measured in housing loans. We believe that the increase in the number of participants in the programme is 
attributable mainly to the economic environment, the rising cost of living.  

Total restructured loans at our foreign subsidiaries amounted to HUF 411 billion, of which non -performing 
exposures represented HUF 218 billion. 

Own indicator Share of overdue loans in the retail and MSE segments 1 (31.12.2023) 

Mortgage loan 
Consumer loan 
MSE loans 

1more than 90 days overdue 

3.3  Customer satisfaction 

OTP Core 

HUF 72 billion 
HUF 79 billion 
HUF 38 billion 

4.0% 
5.0% 
6.8% 

OTP Group 

HUF 122 billion 
HUF 274 billion 
HUF 87 billion 

2.0% 
5.5% 
6.1% 

GRI 2-29 Feedback from customers is a priority for OTP Group both in terms of overall satisfaction 
and our customers’ views on our new services. 

The satisfaction of our retail clients is measured with the standard TRI*M method across the Group, which 
some of the member companies supplement with the NPS or the SQM methodology. 

TRI*M gauges the overall satisfaction and loyalty of our own customers as well as customers of all of our 
major  competitors,  along  with  the  main  factors  for  satisfaction.  Information  is  also  analysed  by  customer 
segment  (e.g.  career  starters,  juniors,  premium  customers).  We  perform  one  measurement  per  year  per 
country on a representative31 sample of 1,000 persons. In some countries the survey covers retail as well 
as corporate clients; however, the results presented apply to the retail segment in  each case. 

OTP Bank’s customer retention score was 5732 in 2023, down nine points year-on-year. Satisfaction varied 
among competitors, with two showing improvement and two a worsening trend. The average TRI*M value 
of  competitors  was  68  points.  OTP  Bank  is  perceived  more  favourably  by  Junior  customers  and  higher 
earners. Customers consider the Bank better than its competitors in terms of access to branches and ATMs. 
In  addition  to  the  general  aspects  of  banking  (e.g.  price,  respect,  product  and  service  off ering,  clear 
information), the second most important factor for customer satisfaction and loyalty is security and reliability.  

31 Based on distribution by age, sex, education, municipality type, region. Data was collected online in Hungary, Croatia, Serbi a and Slovenia. Personal 
interviews were conducted in the rest of the countries. 
32 The TRI*M score can range between -66 and 134 points. 

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Satisfaction with OTP Group member banks increased in Croatia and Serbia 33, even as the sector average 
tended to decrease in the countries surveyed. The customer retention rate of OTP Group banks remains 
above the peer average in Slovenia (SKB Bank), Serbia, Albania and Montenegro. The Bulgarian subsidiary 
achieved  the  highest  level  of  satisfaction.  Overall  satisfaction  with  banks  is  still  well  above  the  regional 
average in Bulgaria. In Moldova we performed below our competitors due to the change in the bank’s name 
and  the  fact  that  the  OTP  Bank  brand  is  not  yet  sufficiently  established  there.  The  performance  of  the 
Ukrainian subsidiary is significantly affected by the fact that OTP is a second bank for most clients there. 
Similarly to other smaller banks in that country, our customer retention is lower than that of the main banks . 
The war does not affect the bank’s image. 

SI NKBM of Slovenia also uses the Net Promoter Score method to measure the satisfaction of customers in 
general terms and also with specific service channels, and to assess the opinions of the different customer 
segments. The overall result in the retail business line was 19 points 34 (a good result, two points higher than 
in the previous year), while the NPS for branches was 91 and for digital channels it stood at 78. The bank 
also uses other methods to measure satisfaction, for example by looking at opinions on different products 
and segments. 

RU The Russian subsidiary also uses the NPS methodology. In 2023 NPS stood at 23, 4 points up year -on-
year. In 2023 the subsidiary bank also used CSI35 methodology to measure customer satisfaction; the result 
was good, a score of 8.1 on a scale of 1 to 10. The performance of the subsidiary is significantly influenced 
by the fact that its product portfolio is focused on consumer loans and it therefore tends to be the second 
bank of its customers. 

OTP Bank measures Service Quality Management (SQM) for retail and SME clients by conducting online 
surveys36. In 2023 service quality increased and was again outstanding. Achieving 90% in the retail segment 
and 95% for business customers, it exceeded its targets in both segments. 

SI SKB of Slovenia uses the same methodology to assess customer service. In 2023 satisfaction with in -
branch services was 96 percent, contact centre satisfaction was 90 percent, and satisfaction with electronic  
channels (e-mail, website) was 82 percent. 

BG In addition to TRI*M, DSK Bank also uses the NPS indicator to measure the experience of customers 
visiting its branches. In 2023 its NPS continued the positive trend of the previous year, rising to a level abo ve 
80 points. 

33 There were no surveys conducted in Moldova and Ukraine in 2022 and in Romania in 2023.  
34 On a scale of -100 to +100 
35 Customer Satisfaction Index 
36 All branches are measured either on a semi-annual or on a quarterly basis. The number of questionnaires depends on the frequency of transactions 
in the preceding period. 

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696657917264718486893051777268947070778282883784-66-46-26-61434547494114134Hungary, 2021Hungary, 2022Hungary, 2023BulgariaSlovenia (SKB Bank)Slovenia (NKBM)CroatiaSerbiaAlbaniaMontenegroUkraineMoldovaTRI*M, 2023OTP Group MemberSectoral average 
 
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BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

3.4  Accessibility of financial services 

ST5: 3-3 Providing a wide range of services tailored to customer needs is a priority for our Banking 
Group.  We  are  constantly  expanding  our  customer  service  methods  and  functions,  and  work  on 
explaining to our clients the wide range of options available to them for managing their finances. 
Our customers typically welcome the introduction of new possibilities and regard them as positive 
developments. 

Remote access through digital channels 

The expansion of digital channels is a persistent, long-term trend. The Group’s objective is to broaden the 
range of products that are partly or fully digitally accessible, making sure that the processes are accessible 
as conveniently, and for as many customers, as possible. The Banking Group also prioritises the sharing of 
knowledge on how to use on-line channels, thereby also encouraging their use. 

Over  2  million  retail  banking  customers  of  OTP  Bank  were  digitally  active  at  the  end  of  2023,  and  the 
proportion of digital-only customers has also been increasing steadily. 

In 2023 we again developed and launched several new digital features. The Piggy Bank feature helps our 
customers  improve  their  financial  awareness  and  achieve  their  savings  goals,  while  the  Bill  S plitter 
functionality allows our clients to easily share a bill, for instance when dining out with friends.  

SI In Slovenia, NKBM made several of its services available to clients electronically in 2023. These include 
managing an investment portfolio, changing card limits and managing text message notifications. The bank 
improved the process of applying for consumer loans combined with insurance, introduced Google Wallet 
and developed an electronic signature process for the micro- and premium segments, as a result of which 
certain documents can now be signed without visiting a branch. The subsidiary also offers a video banking 
service, which was used by 300 to 400 clients per month in 2023.  

RS At the end of the year the Serbian subsidiary introduced the option of opening bank accounts via video 
chat. The bank also introduced a chatbot to automate the responses to customer queries on the website. 
Feedback from customers has been positive. 

RO The Romanian subsidiary now supports Apple Pay for customers with a Visa debit card. 

MD  A  new  mobile  banking  application  was  launched  by  the  Moldovan  subsidiary.  Logins  are  easier  and 
faster in the app, which is more customer-friendly to use. 

In-branch and ATM service 

OTP Group also serves its customers through its extensive network of branches and ATMs. It had  more 
than  1,500  branches  as  of  the  end  of  2023  (@  Staff  level  and  other  information  37).  Many  financial 
transactions  are  more  convenient  and  faster  to  transact  on  electronic  channels,  therefore  the  role  of 
branches and ATMs is changing.  While a slight reduction in their numbers is a typical trend everywhere, 
branches  remain  an  important  channel  for  serving  customers.  There  functions  are  also  constantly  being 
expanded and their services are being adapted to the needs of customers. 

GRI FS13 The Banking Group has the largest branch and ATM network in Bulgaria and Montenegro and 
very extensive networks in Hungary, Slovenia and Serbia. In 2023 there was a significant number of branch 
closures only in Russia; the overall number of branches in the Banking Group increased due to acquisitions. 
NKBM of Slovenia had 65 branches and Ipoteka of Uzbekistan had 162 at the end of 2023.  

OTP Bank also operates a dedicated innovation branch, where we continuously seek and test innovations 
to simplify and digitize processes so that, on the basis of the feedback received from our customers, we can 
provide  services  that  are  even  better  aligned  with  client  requirements.  In  2023  the  employees  of  our 
innovation  branch  played  an  active  role  in  judging  an  in-house  competition  of  ideas  for  greening  the 
operations  of  OTP  Bank;  some  of  the  ideas  will  be  put  into  practice  during  the  revamping  of  the  branch 
network. 

Our focus points in our branch services include the continuous improvement of quality standards, providing 
advisory services based on the customer’s need, and solving complex banking issues. The aim is to build 
long-term  relationships  based  on  trust  through  serving  our  clients.  One  of  the  main  aims  of  the  ongoing 
branch  renovations  is  to  create  a  more  comfortable,  ergonomic  and  discreet  environment.  The  Client 
Oriented Programme aims to achieve this. At selected branches, digital education for clients was treated as 
a priority in order to encourage them to carry out routine transactions using electronic channels. In the same 

37 In addition, OTP Pénzügyi Pont and OTP Ingatlanpont have 6 and 30 customer service points, respectively, and Merkantil Bank has one bank branch.  

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programme,  we  also  increased  the  frequency  of  customers  being  served  by  dedicated  advisors;  this  is 
facilitated by a redesign of the queue management system, which has made appointment scheduling easier. 
The  results  of  the  changes  are  very  positive,  with  the  average  service  time  for  cash  payments  of  up  to  
HUF 1 million reduced by around 30 percent, to 4.1 minutes, and branch waiting time reduced to 6.5 minutes.  

Several  members  of  the  Group  prioritised  the  development  of  more  efficient  branch  operating  practices, 
including a reduction in waiting times. We aim to serve our customers within 10 minutes in 80% of cases. 
Around half of all group members met this target during the year. Our Croatian subsidiary saw a significant 
increase in branch traffic in the first months of the year due to the introduction of the euro in 2023; while this 
resulted in longer waiting times, by the second quarter more than 70% of customers had to wait f or no more 
than 10 minutes. The Montenegrin and Serbian subsidiaries started to measure waiting times, which in itself 
improved  the  results.  Our  Montenegrin  bank  also  reorganised  its  branch  processes  and  centralized  the 
servicing of large corporate clients. 

In  order  to  provide  greater  confidentiality  (an  important  consideration  for  customers),  the  parent  bank 
started  to  roll  out  to  its  nationwide  branch  network  the  use  of  ambient  music.  This  is  to  make  sure  that 
customers do not overhear what is being said and also feel more relaxed while waiting. 

Customers interested in taking out real estate loans  had access to OTP Bank’s remote expert system at  
117  smaller  branches  in  2023.  With  the  help  of  this  system,  the  residents  of  micro -regions  can  receive 
high-quality  services  at  our  branches  as  they  can  consult  with  our  well-trained  and  highly  experienced 
specialists  via  videophone.  Through  the  branch  video  banking  service,  customers  can  contact  branch 
employees remotely, from their homes. 

SI SKB worked with property agencies to set up a network of outsourced mortgage lending experts, who 
can assist borrowers effectively in the process of buying real estate as they are closer and more accessible 
to customers. 

UZ  RU  In  Russia,  self-service  terminals  are  available  in  all  branches  for  banking  transactions,  while  the 
Uzbek subsidiary bank now offers digital internet banking to its corporate clients.  

BG SI RS RO Advisory functions are the priority for cashless branches, the number of which is constantly 
rising. In 2023 the number of cashless branches reached 28 at group level, with 16 cashless branches in 
Hungary, 5 in Bulgaria, 3 in Serbia, and 2 each in Slovenia and Romania. Cash transactions can be executed 
in such branches at the smart ATMs provided. 

In  addition  to  electronic  channels,  ATMs  now  play  an  increasingly  important  role  in  routine  financial 
transactions. The number of ATMs has increased as a result of acquisitions.  

SI Since March 2023 clients have been able to withdraw cash and check their balances free of cha rge using 
their Visa or corporate debit cards at the ATMs of NKBM and SKB in Slovenia. Since July clients have also 
been able to withdraw cash with their Visa debit cards free of charge from OTP Bank ATMs. 

The Banking Group is continuously and dynamically increasing the number and proportion of cash-in ATMs, 
which provide a wide variety of other financial services besides accepting cash deposits. In 2023 Hungary 
achieved the target of having at least one ATM in every bank branch where clients ca n both withdraw and 
deposit cash; the total number of such machines reached 425 by the end of the year. The amount deposited 
at ATMs is growing dynamically, up 19% in 2023 compared to a year earlier. The increase in the number of 
cash-in ATMs continued at several subsidiaries; more than 1,100 (~20%) such machines were available to 
clients across the Group. 

GRI 3-3, FS13 Owing to its extensive branch network, OTP Group provides substantial access to in -person 
financial transacting for the populations of disadvantaged regions in several countries. Nevertheless, these 
regions have a lower concentration of bank branches and ATMs. Only some of the members of the Banking 
Group  have  information  on  how  our  competitors  perform  in  these  regions. 38  The  Croatian  subsidiary  has 
fewer access points in both disadvantaged and non-disadvantaged areas than its competitors. The networks 
of our Serbian and Russian banks offer very similar coverage to the competitors. Our Ukrainian bank has 
two branches located in regions with low population density; these branches also have the special function 
of serving clients from the Hungarian minority. Formerly a state-owned bank, the subsidiary in Uzbekistan 
is present in all regions of the country and, in a comparison with its competitors , its ATM network is denser 
than its branch network. 

38 No disadvantaged regions can be identified in Bulgaria and Slovenia.  

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Access points in disadvantaged regions¹ 

Branch 

ATM 

OTP Bank – Hungary² 
Number of access points (as a % of the total number of access points) 
Number of new access points (as a % of all new ones) 
Number of terminated access points (as a % of total terminated) 
Change from the previous year 
DSK Bank – Bulgaria 
N/A – there are no disadvantaged regions defined 
OTP Bank Slovenia (SKB + NKBM) 
N/A – there are no disadvantaged regions defined 
OTP Bank Croatia 
Number of access points (as a % of the total number of access points) 
Number of new access points (as a % of all new ones) 
Number of terminated access points (as a % of total terminated) 
Change from the previous year % 
OTP Bank Serbia 
Number of access points (as a % of the total number of access points) 
Number of new access points (as a % of all new ones) 
Number of terminated access points (as a % of total terminated) 
Change from the previous year % 
OTP Bank Albania 
N/A – there are no disadvantaged regions defined 
CKB – Montenegro⁴ 
Number of access points (as a % of the total number of access points) 
Number of new access points (as a % of all new ones) 
Number of terminated access points (as a % of total terminated) 
Change from the previous year % 
Ipoteka Bank - Uzbekistan 
Number of access points (as a % of the total number of access points) 
Number of new access points (as a % of all new ones) 
Number of terminated access points (as a % of total terminated) 
Change from the previous year 
OTP Bank Russia 
Number of access points (as a % of the total number of access points) 
Number of new access points (as a % of all new ones) 
Number of terminated access points (as a % of total terminated) 
Change from the previous year % 
OTP Bank Ukraine 
Number of access points (as a % of the total number of access points) 
Number of new access points (as a % of all new ones) 
Number of terminated access points (as a % of total terminated) 
Change from the previous year % 
OTP Bank Romania 
Number of access points (as a % of the total number of access points) 
Number of new access points (as a % of all new ones) 
Number of terminated access points (as a % of total terminated) 
Change from the previous year 
OTP Bank Moldova 
Number of access points (as a % of the total number of access points) 
Number of new access points (as a % of all new ones) 
Number of terminated access points (as a % of total terminated) 
Change from the previous year % 

63 
0 
4 
-6% 

19 
0 
1 
-5% 

8 
0 
0 
0% 

0 
0 
0 
N/A 

0 
0 
0 
N/A 

42 
0 
0 
0% 

2 
0 
0 
0% 

42 
0 
0 
0% 

5 
0 
0 
0% 

(18%) 
(0%) 
(29%) 

(18%) 
N/A 
(25%) 

(5%) 
N/A 
N/A 

(0%) 
N/A 
(0%) 

(0%) 
(0%) 
(0%) 

(6%) 
N/A 
(12%) 

(3%) 
N/A 
(0%) 

(44%) 
N/A 
(0%) 

(9%) 
N/A 
N/A 

194 
12 
5 
4% 

28 
1 
1 
0% 

39 
0 
10 
-7% 

15 
0 
0 
650% 

0 
0 
0 
N/A 

5 
0 
3 
-38% 

25 
7 
1 
N/A 

49 
1 
0 
2% 

18 
7 
3 
29% 

(10%) 
(15%) 
(7%) 

(6%) 
(4%) 
(7%) 

(14%) 
(0%) 
(200%) 

(13%) 
(0%) 
(0%) 

(0%) 
(0%) 
N/A 

(3%) 
(0%) 
(18%) 

(15%) 
(32%) 
(17%) 

(31%) 
(33%) 
(0%) 

(12%) 
(18%) 
(9%) 

¹ Sub-regions and districts defined as such under the laws of each country, determined according to social and demographic indicato rs, and indicators 
related to housing and living conditions, the local economy and labour market, infrastructure and the environ ment. 
² At this time, the branches/offices of OTP Ingatlanpont, OTP Pénzügyi Pont, OTP Merkantil and OTP Faktoring are not present in disadvantaged regions. 

3.5  Accessible customer service 

ST5: 3-3 We seek to provide equal access for persons living with disability through services adapted 
to their special needs. In Hungary we have launched a dedicated project in preparation for the new 
Accessibility Act, which is to enter into force in 2025. 

OTP Bank reviewed its complex accessibility for disabled strategy in 2023. 

In  a  project  launched  to  comply  with  the  Accessibility  Act,  we  assessed  the  prevailing  conditions  and 
identified  the  needs  for  improvement  in  2023.  There  is  greater  need  for  improvement  on  our  electronic 
channels,  but  investments  are  also  needed  in  the  branch  network.  Starting  in  2023,  we  formulated  and 
published  our  recommendations  to  the  entire  Banking  Group  on  how  to  improve  accessibility  across  all 
digital and physical channels and all disability groups. 

Our accessibility survey conducted in 2022 provided a solid basis for this accessibility for disabled project, 
in terms of both the physical network and digital accessibility for disabled. We organised a digital accessibility 

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for disabled convention in 2023 in order to raise awareness among our colleagues and lay the groundwork 
for  accessible  services.  At  our  service  planning  day  for  employees,  our  staff  had  the  opportunity  to 
experience an accessible adventure park. 

We also plan to cover the topic of accessibility for disabled and equal opport unities in a video within our 
Finance Made Easy series (see @3.1). 

RU The Russian subsidiary bank revised its training on how to serve disabled persons. 

In 2023 we offered the following accessibility for disabled tools to the clients we served. 

To assist customers with reduced mobility: 

•  Physical accessibility for disabled is provided in all branches in Hungary, with one exception 39. In 
Slovenia,  all  but  three  branches  are  accessible.  With  the  exception  of  the  Serbian  and  Albanian 
subsidiaries, more than 50% of the branches at our subsidiaries are wheelchair accessible. 77% o f 
the branches of the Banking Group are accessible. 

•  We also strive to make ATMs wheelchair accessible. As of the end of 2023, 46% of the ATMs of the 

Banking Group were accessible 40. 

•  The OTP Bank website supports one-handed use. 

We assist our blind and visually impaired customers as follows: 

•  There is a tactile push button on the branch ticket dispenser at every branch of OTP Bank Hungary 
and the Croatian and Russian subsidiaries. The push button allows visually impaired customers to 
signal their arrival. At group level, 62% of queue management systems have a push button. A tactile 
strip helps locate the push button and navigation is assisted with Braille signs.  

•  Tactile guide strips are available in 179 OTP Bank branches, while all of our Russian branches have 

a tactile sign at the entrance. 

•  At group level, nearly half of all ATMs are Braille-enabled. Text-to-speech software is installed at 
1121 ATMs of OTP Bank (60% of the total), and 39% of the Moldovan subsidiary’s ATMs provide 
audio support. 

We assist our hearing impaired customers as follows: 

• 

In Hungary, KONTAKT Interpreter Services can be used by customers in 167 branches; this service 
enables a sign language interpreter to assist with administrative tasks in the branch through live 
video chat. Utilisation of the service was still low in 2023. These interpreting services are available 
in 24 branches of the Serbian subsidiary bank. 

•  An induction loop (signal amplifier) is available for clients using a hearing aid at 118 branches of 

• 

the parent bank, 11 branches in Croatia and at the Merkantil Bank branch. 
11 major branches of OTP Bank and 29 branches of the Serbian subsidiary have colleagues trained 
in sign language. 

As a result of the accessibility for disabled improvement project, all OTP Bank  branches will have laptops 
for video interpreting services as well as tactile guide strips for the blind.  

Digital accessibility for disabled is widely available at OTP Bank, Merkantil Bank, OTP Pénzügyi Pont, 
OTP Jelzálogbank and OTP Lakástakarékpénztár. The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines – WCAG 2.1 
“A” level recommendations – were taken into account in the design, development and content editing of the 
websites in order to enable navigation with alternative devices and the use of text -to-speech software. Due 
to the technology used to develop them, the websites of the subsidiaries OTP Ingatlanpont, OTP Alapkezelő, 
OTP Egészségpénztár and OTP Faktoring already provide some accessibility features; when these websites 
are due for an update, accessibility criteria will be fully taken into account already in the design stage.  

The website of OTP Ingatlan Befektetési Alapkezelő Zrt. was under development as of the end of 2023; its 
new website will satisfy accessibility for disabled criteria. 

OTP Bank continues developing and adding accessible parts and components to its mobile application (on 
both  Android  and  iOS)  and  to  its  internet  banking  site.  The  OTP  Pension  Fund  website  is  accessible  for 
blind  and  partially  sighted  people,  while  the  OTP  Travel  and  PortfoLion  websites  and  mobile  apps  have 
certain accessibility features for blind and partially sighted people.  

39 Accessibility for disabled is not feasible at this branch due to the listed building regulations and the characteristics  of the building and its environment 
(there is a significant height difference between street level and the branch floor level, which are connected by stairs).  
40 The collection of this information started in 2023, and data were not available for all subsidi ary banks. 

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Digital  accessibility  for  disabled  at  foreign  subsidiary  banks  was  partially  implemented  during  2023,  as 
follows. 

HR The Omoguru widget (mini app) operates on the website of our Croatian subsidiary; it helps customers 
suffering from dyslexia and reading difficulties understand the content of the website. The InternetBank and 
the MobileBank services include functions facilitating access for visually impaired users. 

BG, SI, RS, UZ DSK Bank’s website is accessible for visually impaired users. The website and InternetBank 
of the Slovenian subsidiary does not support automatic display changes, making it easier to understandin g 
the content. At the Serbian subsidiary accessibility is focused on the mobile banking application; the basic 
features have been adapted to support text-to-speech and speech synthesis. For the time being, speech 
synthesis is limited to English. On the Uzbek bank’s website visually impaired people can opt for a black 
and white version and increase font size; there is also the possibility to have text read out automatically in 
certain scenarios. 

RU The Russian subsidiary helps mentally handicapped people via the chat function and has simplified the 
language of its information leaflets, to which it has also added easy -to-read diagrams. There are notes in 
Russian  made  available  to  persons  who  have  difficulty  absorbing  visual  information.  These  options  are 
provided on the website, in internet banking and mobile banking. 

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4.  ETHICAL BUSINESS PRACTICE 

Details of activities relating to material topics are presented in the following pages, along with their out comes 
and how their effectiveness is assessed. 

ST7: GRI 3-3 Compliance: 

Impacts:  Through  our  practices  we  influence  the  reliability  of  the  financial  sector,  the  ethical  and  moral 
standards of our employees, and the prevalence of (financial) crime in gener al. The greater our weight on 
the  market  of  a  country,  the  greater  the  impact  we  may  have;  nevertheless,  even  where  we  are  smaller 
players, we may have a pull effect through the good practices we implement.  

This material topic supports the achievement of the following SDGs: 

Engagement: We are committed to utmost compliance with the laws and to operating ethically. Preventing 
corruption  and  money  laundering  is  important  to  us  and  we  act  with  circumspection  and  take  all  the 
necessary steps when investigating potential breaches. We deal with customer complaints fully, quickly and 
fairly. An extract from our @Compliance Policy, our @Competition law policy, @Anti-Corruption Policy, our 
@Code of Ethics and related documents, and the @Human Rights Declaration are available on our website. 

Acts: Operating a network of compliance officers, continuous training of staff  

Further enhancements to our internal communications about changes in relevant legislation  
Minimum compliance standards and policies for all members of the Group 
Operation and development of the sanctions pre-screening function 
Complex, multi-channel compliance knowledge and awareness development for employees  
Revising the Code of Ethics and operating a whistleblowing system; delivering the related training and 
information 
Comprehensive anti-corruption programme and anti-corruption clause 
Revision of the Gift Policy 
Regular and individual conflict-of-interest checks 
More centralized pre-qualification of suppliers 
Fair complaints handling 

Stakeholder cooperation: Cooperation with financial control/supervisory/audit bodies and authorities, and 
the police in relation to the prevention and detection of crime. Complaint management, and cooperation with 
the Financial Arbitration Board. 

GRI 418: 3-3 Customer data and information security: 

Impacts: The secure processing of data also affects our customers’ financial welfare and may also have 
repercussions for the general levels of financial crime. By protecting the personal data of our clients, we 
respect their privacy. 

This material topic supports the achievement of the following SDGs: 

Engagement:  Data  protection  and  the  protection  and  confidential  processing  of  the  personal  data  of 
customers are a basic and indispensable condition for the reliability of the Banking Group. Our goal is to 
protect the data of our clients and our IT systems as best as possible and prevent incidents. Our  @Data 
Protection Policy available on our website. 

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Acts: Internal cyber security audits 

Security awareness raising among customers/residents and employees  
Continuous development of security systems and work processes, training of our employees  

Inclusion of stakeholders We cooperate with, among others, the National Police Headquarters (ORFK), 
ELTE University, and the banking associations of some countries. We use a range of tools and platforms to 
promote security awareness among our customers and staff. 

Details of activities relating to material topics are presented in the following pages, along with their outcomes 
and how their effectiveness is assessed. 

For  our  core  principles  and  comprehensive  objectives  relating  to  compliance 41  and  security,  see  @our 
website). 

4.1  Compliance and adherence to laws and regulations 

We consider it a fundamental principle that the law, international standards and norms and ethical 
requirements must be adhered to. 

The purpose of the compliance function is to identify and manage compliance risks 42. The compliance role 
is  performed  by  the  Compliance  Directorate.  It  works  with  a  focus  on  the  control  and  management  of 
compliance  risks  associated  with  data  protection,  consumer  protection,  ethics,  conflicts  of  interest, 
sanctions, money laundering and the capital markets. 

In  2023  OTP  Bank  merged  its  Data  Protection  and  Consumer  Protection  departments.  Their  closer 
cooperation allows us to give more concerted attention to queries from clients  and the authorities alike. A 
further aim is to ensure that data protection and consumer protection considerations are given ever greater 
priority when introducing products and developing processes. 

GRI 2-13 Our group-wide  compliance policy demands that we place emphasis  at all times on  preventing 
compliance risks from becoming a reality. When an  action or incident constituting a breach nevertheless 
occurs, we take appropriate and effective measures in order to address it. We are operating a group -wide 
compliance officer network. The Head of Compliance reports on compliance quarterly to the Bank’s Board 
of Directors, and annually to its Supervisory Board. 

In  2023  the  relevant  Hungarian  subsidiaries  implemented  both  the  Legislation  Monitoring  Policy  and  the 
Competition Law Compliance Procedure. As regards the latter, competition law training will be provided to 
the management and staff of subsidiaries in 2024, and the centralized competition law training for foreign 
group members will also be developed. 

In order to respond quickly to changes in legislation, the Bank notifies all its regulation officers whenever a 
summary  of  changes  in  legislation  is  published.  We  are  constantly  on  the  lookout  for  information  on 
opportunities and technical innovations that can make our operations more automated and fully compliant. 
This remains a goal for us in 2024 as well. 

We are constantly monitoring EU regulations and the changes taking place in the regulatory environment 
(including the recommendations of the European Banking Authority (EBA), the European Securities Market 
Authority (ESMA), the European Central Bank (ECB)) and examining and analysing all legislation applicable 
to the operations of the Bank and/or the Banking Group. We also monitor EU employment legislation and  
produce  monthly/quarterly  reports  on  the  most  important  news  regarding  EU  lawmaking  that  may  have 
implications for the Banking Group in terms of capital markets, capital requirements and resolution matters. 
We produce weekly English-language briefings on changes to EU law in order to improve our compliance 
with legislation. 

Our foreign subsidiaries are expected to meet the  same group-wide minimum compliance standards. 
These minimum standards are regularly communicated to the subsidiaries in a  priority order. There is now 
consistency across the Group in terms of consumer protection, capital market compliance, data protection, 
conflicts of interest, ethics, sanctions provisions and compliance governance. In 2023 we reviewed how the 
minimum standards issued so far are applied in practice across the Banking Group. 

In  the  area  of  governance,  we  contributed  to  the  drafting  of  a  Corporate  Governance  Manual  for  banks, 
based  on  certain  supervisory  requirements  (the  MNB’s  Green  Recommendation,  the  EBA  Gui delines  on 

41 Compliance with legislative requirements and international norms and standards on ethical business conduct  
42 Compliance risk is the risk of potential legal consequences, supervisory or other official sanctions, significant financial l osses or reputational damage 
due to a failure to adhere to legislation or other non-legislative standards and internal rules applicable to financial organisations.  

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internal governance); the Manual is intended to ensure (among other things) better compliance with ESG 
regulatory requirements. 

In capital market compliance a number of small improvements were made to combat insider trading and 
enhance  market  monitoring  and  the  oversight  of  personal  transactions.  In  2023  the  personal  transaction 
reporting practices of employees involved in investment service activities were audited. As a result of this 
audit, there was a demonstrable further improvement in compliance awareness. In 2024 we will review our 
internal  regulation  on  capital  markets  compliance  and  update  and  automate  capital  markets  compliance 
processes. 

We have further strengthened our sanctions pre-screening. Having switched from World-Check Online to 
World-Check One, the entire Banking Group  now has access to a wider database and screening criteria 
when  carrying  out  the  simplified  identification  of  sanctioned  and  high-risk  corporate  clients;  this  has 
strengthened our first line of defence further. An in-house collection of questions and answers (FAQs) about 
sanctions was developed for guidance purposes, intended primarily for the corporate business line. In 2023 
we revised our sanctions policy, which now allows for a more sophisticated risk assessment ( four-tier risk 
rating). The new rules will enter into force in early 2024. The practical application of the compliance checklist 
for the detection of sanction risks is now being monitored at the subsidiaries in order to ascertain whether 
they comply with the relevant expectations of the Group. 

During the  compliance risk assessment performed annually in two separate cycles, we did not  identify 
any high risks that would require Group-level action in 2023. The assessment of ethical and corruption risks 
is  also  part  of  the  risk  assessment  process.  The  result  of  the  assessment  is  forwarded  to  the  Group 
Operational  Risk  Management  Committee  and  it  is  also  a  part  of  the  annual  Compliance  Report.  Where 
high-risk areas are identified, we expect the relevant functional areas to draft and implement action plans. 
The compliance risk assessment system is supported by an IT application.  

Enhancing compliance awareness 

GRI 2-15 Training the employees – based on identical principles across the Banking Group  – is one of the 
key elements of enhancing compliance awareness. The training of the employees is monitored and where 
deficiencies are identified, arrangements are made to update or transfer knowledge, as necessary. Special 
training courses are also provided on a continuous basis with a focus on specific compliance topics. 

Mandatory compliance trainings at OTP Bank: 

•  Compliance orientation material  – Content: compliance function and organisation, ethics and conflicts 
of interest, personal transactions, market abuse, “Chinese wall” rules – Timing: a mandatory requirement 
for every newly hired employee when they come on board. 

•  Compliance  I.  training  material  –  Content:  compliance  risks  and  policy,  Code  of  Ethics,  non-
discrimination  and  conflicts  of  interest,  forms  of  insider  trading  and  market  abuse  –  Timing:  annual 
refresher for all staff 

•  Consumer  protection  training  –  Content:  main  rules  and  their  application,  damage  to  reputation, 

customer loss, avoidance of consumer protection fines – Timing: annual refresher for all staff 

•  Data protection training – Content: the importance of data protection, data protection organisation at the 

Bank, processing of personal data, data impairment – Timing: annual refresher for all staff 

•  High-risk  transactions  –  Content:  transactions  under  sanctions  and  sensitive  transactions  –  Timing: 

annual refresher for staff concerned 

The compulsory training courses are followed by tests in which a score of at least 70% is required. Failure 
to complete the training may – after several warnings – result in consequences under the labour law. 

Compliance awareness raising was organised by the parent bank and delivered in the following channels:  

•  A series of articles on the internal communication platform: in 2023, these articles focused on the Code 

of Ethics, conflicts of interest, gift policies and whistleblowing. 

•  Newsletters for the Compliance Officer Network. 
•  Compliance Officers’ Forum: IT platform with important information, training materials and newsletters.  
•  Compliance Officers’ Professional Conference: annual professional training. 
•  Two international compliance conferences for the top compliance officers of foreign subsidiary banks.  
•  Training  on  the  use  of  the  sanctions  screening  system,  money  laundering,  sanctions -related  and 

sensitive transactions, and data protection. 

•  Study visits for employees of subsidiary banks for the purposes of mutual knowledge sharing.  
•  Consumer protection workshop for compliance officers of the Budapest region to assess the problems 

and risks identified by them. 

In addition to the above, the subsidiary banks implemented several measures of their own:  

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BG The Bulgarian subsidiary bank expanded its network of compliance officers in 2023. It delivered general 
and  targeted  compliance  training  courses  on  subjects  including  sanctions,  conflicts  of  interest  and  data 
protection. 

SI  In  Slovenia,  SKB  Bank  organised  a  comprehensive  campaign  about  whistleblowing.  At  NKBM, 
compliance staff visited the branches. 

HR  The  Croatian  subsidiary  organised  a  whistleblowing  campaign  to  promote  ethical  behaviour  and 
compliance with the Code of Ethics. 

AL Following the merger with Alpha Bank, the Albanian subsidiary restructured its compliance department 
in 2023. All employees declared whether they had any conflicts of interest arising from the merger. The 43 
conflicts of interest declared were analysed and recommendations for solutions were made to the employees 
concerned and their superiors. Compliance staff received more training on sanctions and embargoes; this 
was  followed  by  further  development  efforts  and  awareness-raising  campaigns  in  several  relevant 
departments  of  the  organisation.  Campaigns  and  training  courses  were  held  on  the  subjects  of 
whistleblowing, ethics and gifts. 

ME In Montenegro, training was provided on topics such as data protection, sanctions, ethics, conflict of 
interest, etc. Regular one-to-one training sessions were introduced for new hires. 

RO The Romanian subsidiary introduced internal consumer protection training and tightened control over 
consumer protection content in the complaint handling process. 

MD In Moldova a new whistleblowing channel was introduced and business ethics training was delivered. 

Code of Ethics and reporting of ethical offences 

GRI 2-23, 2-24 The basics and principles of ethical business conduct is summarized in the @Code of Ethics. 
Our Code of Ethics was significantly revised in 2023 through a restructuring of its content. A new chapter 
summarizes what is expected of employees in terms of ethical conduct, and a separate chapter sets out the 
business ethics commitments of OTP Group. A separate document was created to summarize the external 
guidelines, legislation and internal documents applicable to the Code.  

We  also  created  our  group-wide  @Partner  Code  of  Ethics,  the  purpose  of  which  is  to  provide  clear  and 
unambiguous guidelines and expectations on ethical business conduct for those who enter into a business 
relationship with OTP Group. OTP Group aims to ensure that all its suppliers, business partners, agents and 
other  contractual  partners  undertake  to  comply  with  the  provisions  of  the  Partner  Code  of  Ethics  (or 
equivalent own regulations) by accepting the General Terms and Conditions, which form an integral part of 
the contract with the OTP Group member; alternatively, they may make this commitment under a separate 
clause within their contract or in a declaration of acceptance. The foreign subsidiary banks and the relevant 
subsidiaries in Hungary started the implementation of the Codes in 2023. The mandatory compliance training 
course was updated with additional questions on the new sections of the Code of Ethics and t he Partner 
Code of Ethics, and all employees were informed of the changes in newsletters.  

GRI 205-2, 2-15 All new employees, executive officers and sales agents are required to sign the Code of 
Ethics to familiarize themselves with it and to accept it. Some members of OTP Group run dedicated training 
courses  about  the  Code  of  Ethics.  Completing  this  course  is  mandatory  for  new  hires  and  sales  agents 
within a certain time limit of starting to work for us. The Code of Ethics, the reporting of ethical breaches  and 
legal  infringements,  and  the  issue  of  conflicts  of  interest  are  all  included  in  the  compulsory  annual 
compliance training. 

GRI  2-26  Every  bank  of  the  OTP  Group  operates  a  whistleblowing  system.  The  conditions  for  filing 
whistleblowing reports and the relevant contact information are provided in the Codes of Ethics, which are 
published on the banks’ websites, or in the accompanying documents detailing the reporting procedures. 
On the parent bank’s website, detailed information is provided in a dedicated document entitled @OTP Bank 
Plc’s whistleblowing system. Whistleblowing reports may be made anonymously as well. A new group-wide 
online whistleblowing platform was also developed and tested in 2023; it will be launched in 2024 and may 
be used to report to OTP Bank Plc., its subsidiary banks and the relevant subsidiaries in Hungary.  

Reports  received  by  complaint  management  regarding  matters  of  relevance  to  the  Code  of  Ethics  or  the 
Bank as a whole are transferred to the Ethics Department on the basis of a separate rule.  

The Banking Group received a total of 180 notifications in 2023 via its whistleblowing hotlines.  Together with 
cases carried over from previous years, a total of 176 reports were closed, of which only 60 cases were 
categorised as ethical issues. We found 24 cases of ethical offense, of which eight occurred at OTP Bank, 
seven at DSK Bank, one at the Albanian, three at the Uzbek and two at the Russian subsidiary bank; three 
took place at Merkantil Group. 

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The Code of Ethics prohibits all forms of  discrimination. The Bank is making efforts to create a working 
environment  in  which  individual  differences  are  accepted  and  appreciated.  Any  negative  discrimination 
based on a person’s actual or perceived characteristics or traits is prohibited.  

GRI 406-1 Four reports relating to discrimination were submitted to OTP Bank and one each to DSK Bank 
and  the  Moldovan  subsidiary.  All  six  cases  were  investigated  and  one  of  them  (at  OTP  Bank)  was 
substantiated.  It  involved  an  employee  who  had  committed  an  ethical  offense  by  using  discriminatory 
language in an internal letter. 

GRI 410-1 Training on the Code of Ethics, including requirements pertaining to human rights. 84% of security 
guards,  who  are  either  employed  or  subcontracted  by  the  Banking  Group,  have  received  training  on  the 
Code of Ethics. 73 percent of the security personnel engaged through subcontractors received such training 
across the Group. Training coverage has been complete at OTP Bank and its Bulgarian, Serbian, Albanian, 
Ukrainian  and  Moldovan  subsidiaries.  There  is  no  training  for  outsourced  employees  at  SKB  Bank  in 
Slovenia and at the subsidiaries in Uzbekistan, Russia and Romania. At NKBM of Slovenia and the Croatian 
and  Montenegrin  subsidiary  banks,  some  but  not  all  security  guards  employed  through  subcontractors 
attended such training in 2023. 

Anti-corruption activities 

OTP  Group  is  committed  to  combating  corruption  and  has  declared  zero  tolerance  towards  all  forms  of 
bribery and the gaining of unfair advantages. Our Compliance Policy includes our  @Anti-Corruption Policy. 
The policy is also available on the group member companies’ websites. The policy lays down the principles 
of the Group’s anti-corruption activity, identifies the areas particularly exposed  to the risk of corruption and 
serves as a core document for the formulation of the regulatory documents required for the Banking Group’s 
anti-corruption efforts and for the anti-corruption activity of the employees concerned. The basic principles 
and provisions laid down  in the policy are applicable across the whole of the organisation of  each group 
member, fully covering all facets of their operations from the drafting of their internal regulatory documents, 
to the contracts to be concluded with their partners, to all actions of every individual employee, in all of the 
activities of the group members. The scope of the policy covers all employees and contracted partners of 
the group members as well as all  other persons participating  in the  performance of the ir activities in  any 
way. 

We launched a comprehensive anti-corruption programme in 2023 We drew up an action plan to identify 
what activities and areas should be inspected on a risk basis. Implementation of the programme has started 
and will continue in 2024. 

We  produced  an  anti-corruption  clause,  which  stipulates  that  our  partners  must  always  report  if  they 
become subject to corruption proceedings and that OTP Bank will have the right to terminate the contract in 
such a case. In addition, partners must explicitly state that they will not use the money received from the 
Bank for corruption. The clause was added first to the Corporate Business Rules, which the Bank’s partners 
must sign off on when they conclude a contract with us. In 2024 this clause will also be added to the General 
Contracting  Terms  and  Conditions  for  suppliers.  Derogations  from  the  clause  may  be  allowed  only  in 
exceptional and justified cases (and subject to informing Compliance), at the sole discretion and under the 
risk and responsibility of the contracting organisation. 

When the Code of Ethics was revised, a Gifts Policy was added as a new annex; this Policy sets out the 
detailed rules on business gifts and invitations. We imposed a lower cap on gifts, linking it to the definition 
in the Income Tax Act on what constitutes a small gift in terms of value (HUF 23,200 in 2023). Our foreign 
subsidiary  banks  also  linked  their  caps  on  gift  value  to  the  applicable  legislative  provisions,  if  any.  All 
countries have values similar to the one applicable in Hungary. A change was introduced to the way gifts 
handed over in the customer area should be reported, with the aim of increasing the willingness to report 
such instances. Invitations to events must always be reported to Compliance, and the departme nt will decide 
on its acceptability. Since 2023 OTP Bank has been sending out transparency information to partners invited 
by it to a certain subset of events (selected based on value and/or type of event).  

GRI  205-2  OTP  Bank’s  Code  of  Ethics  also  defines  and  prohibits  all  activities  involving,  or  relating  to, 
corruption and lays down rules relating to gifts. The annual compliance  training, which is mandatory for all 
employees, also covers corruption via the Code of Ethics. 

Each year the members of the managing bodies sign off on the Code of Ethics, i.e. they are fully informed. 
They  do  not  receive  training.  All  of  our  tied  agents  and  suppliers  were  given  information  on  our  Code  of 
Ethics at the time of contracting, which may have taken place in 2023 or in p rior years. About 98 percent of 
contractual  partners  (~15,240  agents,  ~21,560  suppliers)  were  provided  with  information  on  the  relevant 

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provisions of the Code of Ethics and the Anti-Corruption Policy during the year  – either directly or on the 
websites of OTP Bank and its subsidiaries43. 

GRI 205-1 Corruption risk assessment was carried out as part of the compliance risk assessment process 
in  the  Banking  Group,  with  one  exception:  at  NKBM 44,  risk  assessment  was  carried  out  using  an  earlier 
system. There was no risk assessment at Ipoteka Bank. We assessed corruption risks in 459 (69%) of the 
Banking  Group’s  666  organisational  units.  No  significant  corruption  risks  were  identified  in  the  risk 
assessment process. 

GRI 205-3 The Banking Group was not subject to any public lawsuits relating to corruption in 2023. There 
were two confirmed corruption incidents, one at OTP Bank and one in Merkantil Group. A branch employee 
of OTP Bank reported that she had received chocolates and small cash gifts on 5 occasions from a  lawyer 
she  regularly  recommended  to  clients.  An  ethics  procedure  was  launched  and  it  established  that  ethical 
misconduct had taken place. At Merkantil Bank, a trader received indirectly from one of the bank’s partners 
some of the commission paid to that partner by the Bank. In both cases we took the necessary action and 
dismissed or sanctioned the employees involved. 

Lobbying 

It  is  through  industry  bodies,  predominantly  the  Hungarian  Banking  Association  and  the  Association  of 
Investment  Service  Providers  that  OTP  Bank  participates  in  the  reviewing  of  legislation  concerning  the 
financial  sector  and  coordinating  that  review  process.  It  also  takes  part  in  the  work  of  the  Corporate 
Governance  Committee  of  the  Budapest  Stock  Exchange.  In  2023  the  Bank  registered  in  the  EU 
Transparency Register, which shows what and whose interests the various organisations lobby for at EU 
level, and also provides information on the financial and human resources dedicated to these purposes.  

In 2023 we participated in, among other things, the drafting of the Hungarian ESG Bill, which is to implement 
the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive. 

Foreign  subsidiaries  are  also  members  of  local  banking  associations,  while  our  Croatian  subsidiary 
participated in public consultations organised by advocacy organisations. Since June 2023 the CEO of the 
Ukrainian subsidiary bank has served as Chairman of the  Board of Directors of the Ukrainian Independent 
Banking Association. 

Supplier qualification 

Suppliers  are  pre-qualified  by  OTP  Bank  if  the  value  of  the  procurement  is  expected  to  exceed  a  gross 
amount of HUF 1 million or, in the case of IT procurements, HUF 3.6 million. This pre-qualification system 
requires  that  the  supplier  has  no  public  debts  and  that  it  complies  with  statutory  requirements  regarding 
health,  security  and  environmental  protection.  Sanctions  screening  was  integrated  in  the  qualification 
process in relation to the war in Ukraine. In 2023 the pre-qualification process was centralized with IT support 
at 15 Hungarian subsidiaries. 

Extensive pre-qualification systems are also in place at DSK Bank, NKBM and SKB Bank, and OTP Bank 
Albania.  Since  2022  NKBM  has  expected  its  suppliers  to  complete  a  separate  ESG  questionnaire.  The 
minimum pre-qualification standard for other subsidiary banks was revised in 2023 and a group -wide policy 
was established. From 2024 onwards, our foreign subsidiary banks will be required to pre-qualify suppliers 
whose contract exceeds the sum of EUR 10,000. Ipoteka will apply the minimum standard from 2024.  

GRI 2-6, 205-2 The procurements of the OTP Group are related primarily to making sure that the requisites 
for  the  performance  and  sale  of  services  are  available.  OTP  Bank’s  procurement  policy  declares  the 
requirement  of  responsible  and  ethical  conduct  on  the  part  of  suppliers  (see  above,  Anti -corruption 
activities).  OTP  Bank  worked  with  4,394  suppliers  in  2023,  whereas  OTP  Group  had  around  22,000 
suppliers. The procurement strategy assigns special significance to sustainability considerations. The aim 
is to maintain business relations only with suppliers and entrepreneurs that undertake environmental and 
social  responsibility  in  compliance  with  Hungarian  and  international  treaties,  standards  and  laws.  The 
environmental  aspects  of  procurements  are  listed  in  the  Bank’s  Environmental  Policy.  Details  on  our 
procurement principles are available on @our website. 

43 A few small subsidiaries do not have websites. 
44 Corruption risks were assessed among subsidiaries subject to consolidated supervision with OTP Bank Plc., covered by the group governance function of OTP Bank Plc’s Compliance Directorate. 

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Proceedings by authorities, and other legal procedures 

GRI 2-27 There were 3 major45 cases dealt with by the authorities/legal cases involving the Banking Group 
in 2023: 

•  The MNB imposed a HUF 49 million fine on OTP Bank for shortcomings identified in its anti -money 
laundering and terrorist financing activities. Weaknesses were identified  in relation to the reporting 
of  suspected  money  laundering  transactions,  the  internal  control  and  information  system  and 
monitoring activities, risk assessment, customer due diligence practices, risk mitigation measures 
and money laundering prevention training. 

•  The MNB carried out a comprehensive audit of the OTP National Voluntary Health and Mutual Fund. 

The audit found several deficiencies and a fine of HUF 9.5 million was imposed.  

•  The  Russian  subsidiary  bank  paid  fines  totaling  HUF  62.5  million  for  148  cases  of  inadequate 
communication  with  debtors  (interactions  without  consent,  exceeding  the  permitted  frequency  of 
interactions, misleading communication). 

GRI 2-27, 206-1, 417-2, 417-3 Closed proceedings by authorities, and other legal procedures, fines paid, 2023 

OTP Bank 

OTP Group 

violation of competition rules1 
violation of consumer protection rules 
violation of rules on equal opportunity (not under the labour law) 
supervisory procedures 
violation of IT security / Cyber security rules 
violation of taxation rules 
violation of environmental rules 
violation of marketing communication rules 
violation of information provision rules 
violation of data protection rules 
violation of labour law rules 
violation of health and safety rules 
other proceedings 
Total 2023 
Total 2022 
Total 2021 
Total 2020 
Total 2019 

All 
closed 
cases 

All 
cases 
closed 
with 
fines 

Fine 
paid 

No. of items 
0 
0 
25 
30 
0 
0 
4 
6 
0 
0 
0 
2 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
4 
0 
0 
0 
1 
0 
0 
31 
44 
17 
41 
12 
25 
9 
26 
14 
33 

0 
13.8 
0 
64.4 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0.4 
10.0 
0 
0 
0 
88.5 
93 
17.5 
16.1 
136.2 

Fine 
charged 
for 
practice 
applied 
in 2023 

Fine 
charged 
for 
practice 
applied 
in 
earlier 
periods 

HUF million 

0 
13.8 
0 
58.4 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0.4 
10.0 
0 
0 
0 
82.5 
93 

0 
0 
0 
6.0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
6.0 
0 

Fine 
charged 
for 
practice 
applied 
in 2023 

Fine 
charged 
for 
practice 
applied 
in 
earlier 
periods 

HUF million 

0.7 
22.3 
0 
128.1 
0 
0 
0 
0.3 
0.4 
10.1 
0 
0 
4.9 
166.8 
152 

0.7 
6.4 
0 
16.4 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1.1 
0 
0 
2.9 
27.4 
34 

All 
closed 
cases 

All 
cases 
closed 
with 
fines 

Fine 
paid 

No. of items 
2 
2 
42 
232 
0 
1 
155 
214 
0 
0 
0 
5 
0 
3 
1 
1 
1 
1 
5 
20 
0 
7 
0 
3 
8 
8 
214 
489 
117 
358 
74 
452 
66 
168 
71 
2521 

1.5 
28.7 
0 
144.4 
0 
0 
0 
0.3 
0.4 
11.1 
0 
0 
7.8 
194.2 
186 
76.4 
83.3 
265.4 

¹ Also includes breaches of antitrust and anti-monopoly rules. 
The Interchange competition case reported in 2022 was still ongoing in 2023. The Romanian subsidiary bank had 9 competition c ases pending at the 
end of the year.  
There may be a significant cross-country difference between the administrative practices applied; hence the significant differences between the numbers 
of procedures. 
Data were presented in earlier years in a different way (in accordance with the GRI Sta ndards 2016 requirements), therefore comparability is limited. 

4.2  Prevention of money laundering 

As a responsible financial service provider we spare no effort to make sure that the Banking Group 
is not used for money laundering. 

Money laundering is when attempts are made to conceal or cover up the origins of money originating from 
crime. Perpetrators or other persons typically try to use services of financial institutions to produce proof of 
the legitimate origin of the money. One of the main objectives of the anti -money laundering function is to 
ensure concerted action at a group level, based on a group-wide anti-money laundering policy. 

In  accordance  with  the  relevant  AML  regulations  one  of  the  main  obligations  of  the  Banking  Group  is  to 
execute adequately in-depth customer due diligence actions. Its aim is to get to know the customer and the 
business relationship from the aspect of risks, and to identify transactions that do not fit in with the customer 
profile so constructed and that are thus suspicious from the aspect of money laundering. In the customer 
due  diligence  process  we ask  our customers  for  data  to  establish  the  identity  and  inten ts  of  the  persons 
using  the  Bank’s  services  and  the  backgrounds  of  the  various  transactions.  In  accordance  with  the 
applicable statutory requirements we do not execute orders for customers who do not provide proof of their 
identity. 

45 Major case: the fine charged in one  case, or in multiple cases in aggregate, equals at least HUF 10 million. Cases in which n o fine is charged are 
essentially not categorised as major cases, but our member companies may decide otherwise.  

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In addition to legal compliance we continuously monitor the latest trends in money laundering as well as the 
modes of perpetration; we also introduce risk management actions to prevent money laundering.  

In 2023, the anti-money laundering prevention organisation was transferred from the Security Directorate to 
the Compliance Directorate. We have upgraded the former departmental function to a general departmental 
level,  with  a  separate  department  to  handle  customer  acceptance  and  transaction  monitoring.  We  have 
significantly increased the headcount of the department. 

GRI 2-13 The anti-money laundering division provides monthly statistical data and explanations to the Anti -
Money  Laundering  Committee,  and  prepares  proposals  on  current  issues  at  the  Committee’s  quarterly 
meetings. 

In 2023, we launched a new, more advanced version of our anti-money laundering monitoring system at 
OTP Bank. We have already begun providing this system to our foreign subsidiary banks as well. We have 
made  targeted  improvements  to  our  international  transaction  screening  system,  in  order  to  make   it  more 
efficient in handling transactions with Russian stakeholders. 

At OTP Bank, annual training on money laundering is mandatory for all branch employees and employees 
working  at  the  head  office  who  are  involved  in  the  activities  defined  in  the  Act  on  the  Prevention  and 
Combating of Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing (the “AML Act”) and are therefore legally required 
to undergo training. Special training  materials have  been prepared for branch  staff, head office staff and 
senior staff. In addition to the compulsory annual training, a total of 38 online training sessions were held 
for  a  total  of  731  new  branch  and  corporate  employees.  In  addition,  the  anti-money  laundering  division 
regularly delivers training for the new hires of the branches and pr ovides in-person training for  branches 
frequented  by  high-risk  customers.  Employees  who  have  completed  the  training  act  with  increased 
awareness, identify risky customers and identify transactions that are suspicious of money laundering more 
easily. 

The foreign subsidiary banks also deliver mandatory trainings on the subject for all of their employees at 
least once a year. In three of the subsidiary banks, “only” customer-facing staff are required to complete the 
training. 

In  the  context  of  the  fight  against  money  laundering,  OTP  Bank  is  continuously  cooperating  with  the 
competent  domestic  and  international  authorities  and  interest  organisations.  In  the  context  of  such 
cooperation  arrangements  we  also  share  best  practices,  whereby  all  participants  can  improv e  the 
effectiveness  of  their  actions  against  money  laundering.  We  are  a  member  of  the  Europol  Financial 
Intelligence Public Private Partnership; we have been involved in the organisation’s project to fight against 
human trafficking and sexual exploitation, working closely with the Financial Intelligence Unit. In 2023, we 
started working on the anti-terrorist financing workstream. 

4.3  Complaint management 

GRI 2-25 We strive to achieve error-free customer service; we investigate and address the reported 
complaints. We aim to prevent complaints by continuously improving our practices.  

The regular (typically semi-annual) reports on complaints and their handling are also received by the top 
managers of our member companies. In order to prevent complaints, we  assign great significance to the 
continuous  training  of  our  employees.  We  strive  to  investigate  complaints  faster  than  prescribed  by 
legislation,  and  we  aim  to  reduce  response  times.  We  constantly  monitor  and  analyse  the  number,  type, 
reason and response time of all complaints received. In the case of errors affecting multiple customers, or 
in  the  case  of  losses  of  larger  amounts,  the  issue  is  notified  to  the  division  concerned,  an  action  plan  is 
prepared, and the progress of rectification is monitored. 

At OTP Bank, there are several types of complaints that can be promptly resolved, for which we provide 
immediate solutions that are acceptable to our customers. For customers who can be identified by e -mail 
address, we further accelerate the procedure by replying via e-mail. E-mail messages on the status of their 
complaints are sent to customers. The complaints function uses a continuous feedback process after the 
closure of complaint tickets, asking for feedback from customers via email regarding the solutio ns provided. 

In 2023, we  have also introduced a performance management system for complaint handling. As  part of 
this, we have reviewed our processes from a lean perspective, and created flowcharts to standardise them. 
The  effectiveness  of  the  changes  is  demonstrated  by  the  significant  reduction  in  the  number  of  overdue 
cases, and there is further potential for a significant reduction in the amount of overtime previously required.  

In 2023, we began overhauling the IT system used for complaint handling. In a ddition, during the year, we 
held face-to-face meetings with the business areas concerned to find possible  solutions to 5 of the  most 
common complaints. 

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For credit card complaints, we will move from transaction-based to complaint-based reporting in  2023.  A 
single  complaint  may  be  associated  with  multiple  transactions,  which  is  the  reason  for  the  significant 
decrease in the number of customer complaints compared to previous years. 

In  2024,  we  plan  to  improve  our  complaint  feedback  system,  and  aim  to  reduce   both  the  number  of 
complaints received and the per-complaint response time by 10 percent. 

BG SI RS AL ME RU RO Complaints management satisfaction measurement is in place in OTP Bank, the 
Bulgarian  subsidiary  bank,  the  Slovenian  subsidiary  bank  NKBM,  as  well  as  the  Serbian,  Albanian, 
Montenegrin, Russian and Romanian subsidiary banks. According to our customers’ feedback, the methods 
and effectiveness of our complaint management is within the adequate range. 

BG The Bulgarian subsidiary bank has standardised its responses to the most frequent complaints. 

SI  SKB  Bank  in  Slovenia  has  created  an  e-learning  curriculum  on  effective  complaint  handling,  and  has 
made it mandatory for all new entrants and existing employees. NKBM has introduced daily reminders to 
staff working on outstanding complaints. The process of delegating and following up on complaints has been 
improved. 

RS The Serbian subsidiary bank has introduced a new method of receiving and handling oral complaints.  

RO The Romanian subsidiary bank has introduced new complaint handling software, which has significantly 
reduced the number of errors. The skills of the staff dealing with complaints have been improved.  

MD The Moldovan subsidiary bank has improved the complaint handling skills of its branch manage rs. 

OTP Otthonmegoldások Kft. has restructured its customer service tasks to ensure fast complaint resolution. 
As a result, around 80% of legitimate complaints were resolved within 2 working days.  

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189,882302,166251,927245,502142,057125,242202,040155,299148,99473,559144,40684,47635,84873,43882,199050,000100,000150,000200,000250,000300,000350,00020192020202120222023Customer complaints, OTP Bank*number of complaintsclosednumber of substantiatedcomplaintscompensation awarded(HUF thousands)* OTP Bank, OTP Jelzálogbank, OTP LakástakarékpénztárThere were two complaints about accessibility, and no complaints about the transparency of the product structure. 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

Complaints handling procedures and definitions are being standardised across the Group and as a result, 
the data content of complaints handling gradually become more consistent. However, as  cultural attitudes 
and  financial  literacy  differ  from  country  to  country  and  shape  customers’  complaint  reporting  habits, 
customer complaints data from different subsidiaries are not comparable.  

Own indicator Customer complaints 

Number of complaints closed 
Number of substantiated complaints 
Compensation paid¹ 
Amount of compensation per warranted complaint¹ 
Total number of complaints relating to accessibility for disabled 
Number of complaints related to product structure transparency 3 

thousand units 
thousand units 
HUF millions 
HUF 
No. of items 
No. of items 

20222 

N/A 
N/A 
367 
2,300 

20235 
2019  2020  2021 
452 
513 
589 
244 
274 
358 
224 
131 
188 
916 
480 
500 
N/A  N/A  N/A 
16 
N/A  N/A  N/A  12,7514  12,756 

537 
294 
8,241 
28,030 
24 

¹ OTP Bank Croatia and OTP Bank Russia were unable to provide compensation figures.  
2 HUF 7,947 million of the damages was paid by the Montenegrin subsidiary bank.  
3 99% of complaints were registered by the Russian subsidiary; this included all complaints received in relation to the operati on of the product. 
4 The Russian, the Romanian and the Montenegrin subsidiary, as well as the Financial Point, do not keep records  of complaints relating to accessibility 
for disabled, and therefore could not provide such data. No data could be provided regarding the transparency of the product  structure by OTP Bank, 
the Romanian and the Montenegrin subsidiary and the OTP Financial P oint. 
5 The Montenegrin subsidiary bank was unable to supply data.  

Typical complaints 

At OTP Bank, the largest number of complaints received in 2023 was in relation to card fraud. Complaints 
related to current accounts, card charges, cash withdrawals and deposits were also common. 

BG At the Bulgarian subsidiary, most complaints were in regard to increased credit limits for credit cards, 
disputed online card transactions, disputed e-banking transfers, problems with e-banking services, misuse 
of personal data and fraudulent loans. 

SI At SKB Bank in Slovenia, the most frequent customer complaints were in regard to  a change in the legal 
interpretation about the partial reimbursement of the cost of loans that were repaid early. Complaints about 
credit cards and online transfers (including fraud) were also common. Most of the complaints received by 
NKBM were regarding bank cards, ATMs and bank accounts. 

HR Most of the complaints received by our Croatian subsidiary bank were regarding the introduction of the 
euro; the vast majority of these complaints were received in January. 

RS Our Serbian subsidiary bank received complaints primarily regarding bank cards, bank accounts and 
loans. A significant number of these were related to fraud or incorrect credit card transactions. The most 
frequent subject of complaints regarding loans was changing interest rates.  

AL In our Albanian subsidiary bank, the majority of complaints were regarding the merger, as well as ATM 
and card-related complaints about how frequently these services were used. 

ME Most of the complaints received by our Montenegrin subsidiary bank were regarding card t ransactions, 
account management fees and the calculation of interest on loans. 

UZ The complaints received by our Uzbek subsidiary bank were primarily about loan contract amendments, 
the repayment of incorrectly deducted loan amounts, as well as specific is sues with mortgage, consumer 
and education loans. 

RU  For  our  Russian  subsidiary  bank,  the  most  common  complaints  received  were  related  to  the  loyalty 
programme, disputed debts, transactions, as well as the functionality of the mobile app.  

UA  Most  of  the  complaints  received  by  our  Ukrainian  subsidiary  bank  were  regarding  bank  cards  (not 
enough ATMs, not receiving text messages) and fraud. 

RO At our Romanian subsidiary bank, the most common complaints and problems were regarding product 
loans, current accounts and the quality of services provided. 

MD Our Moldovan subsidiary bank received complaints primarily about bank cards, ATMs, and the mobile 
application.

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4.4  Safe operation 

Safe  and  secure  operation  is  a  priority  for  out  Banking  Group.  With  that  in  mind,  we  assess  and 
manage operational risks and ensure that we are strongly protected against fraud attempts. What 
with the expansion of IT services, IT and cyber security are becoming more and more important in 
the  operation  of  our  companies.  In  particular,  fraud  management  and  prevention  has  become 
crucially important. 

IT, cyber and bank security framework 

GRI 2-13 It is a fundamental principle of OTP Group that the primary purpose of our measures is to prevent 
and inhibit security incidents. The principles and main guidelines concerning security at the Bank are set 
out in the Security Policy. The Information Security Policy defines, inter alia, the theoretical objectives and 
application areas of information security, the principles of risk assessment, the requirements of compliance 
and  those  of  the  security  awareness  training,  and  confirms  the  Bank’s  engagement  to  the  continuous 
enhancement of the information security management system. IT security also includes cybersecurity. The 
Security  Directorate  reports  annually  on  the  security  situation  to  the  Board  of  Directors  and  Supervisory 
Board. 

The Group Information Security Policy, completed in 2022, has been successfully implemented  by 9 out of 
our 10 subsidiary banks existing at that time, and is currently in the process of being implemented by our 
remaining subsidiary banks as well. 

The Bank also has a separate Anti-Fraud Strategy and Policy; anti-fraud processes are governed by a CEO 
Order.  We  operate  an  Anti-Fraud  Competence  Centre  at  OTP  Bank,  and  we  regularly  hold  on-line  fraud 
prevention  consultations  with  our  subsidiary  banks.  We  operate  a  working  group  at  OTP  Bank  with  the 
involvement  of  the  Security  Operations  Centre  (SOC),  in  order  to  seek  solutions  against  data  phishing 
methods committed via IT devices, and to make proposals for business divisions for mitigating risks.  

In  2023  we  executed  the  Banking  Group’s  second  annual  Cyber  Defence  Programme  (CDP),  aimed  at 
mitigating risks from the cyber space, primarily via the provision of group-wide services. The effectiveness 
of our cyber defences is measured using the NIST Cyber Defence Framework. 

The details of information  security  risk management are laid down in the regulation  on the regime of IT 
logical risk analysis. We carry out a risk analysis every two years. In the case of newly introduced systems, 
before going live we conduct an annual vulnerability test for IT systems classified into the two highest -level 
security  classes;  moreover,  vulnerability  tests  are  performed  on  a  weekly  and/or  monthly  basis  for  the 
supporting operating systems. In 2023, our automated vulnerability scanning tool, task and staff were moved 
to the first line of defence46 and we began scanning mobile banking applications at the bank-wide level. 

The  changes  to  the  ICT  (Information  and  Communication  Technology)  risk  framework  in  2023  were  also 
reflected in organisational changes, facilitating a clearer separation of responsi bilities between the first and 
second lines of defence. A new ICT Risk Control Unit was established within the Credit Approval and Risk 
Management  Division,  under  the  Integrated  Risk  Management  Directorate.  This  department  is  only 
responsible for second line of defence tasks. 

Within the ICT risk function, the ICT Risk Control Unit is responsible for defining the overall risk framework, 
as  well  as  the  related  management  and  measurement  policies,  methodologies  and  standards.  It  is  also 
responsible  for  determining  ICT  risk  appetite  and  integrating  ICT  risks  –  including  cyber  risks  –  into  the 
operational  and  overall  risk  framework,  including  risk  strategy,  risk  assessment  (methodologies)  and  the 
reporting framework. 

By the end of 2023, work was in progress on setting up the ICT Risk Committee, which have the necessary 
authorisations  to  cover  the  full  range  of  ICT  risks  (including  cyber  risks).  Our  aim  is  to  provide  a  more 
frequently used operational forum suitable for knowledge transfer, monitoring ICT risks, and  developing ICT 
risk management, along with the development of standardised reporting for both the headquarters and our 
subsidiaries. 

Our independent organisational units vested with audit rights conduct an internal audit on compliance with 
IT  security  objectives,  the  implementation  thereof,  and  the  successful  adoption  and  maintenance  of  the 

46 The Bank applies the “three lines of defence” model for managing risks and implementing internal controls. The first line of defence holds t he primary 
responsibility for risks associated with the organisation’s operations, thus its adequacy is mostly ensured by employees  and operational managers. The 
second line of defence monitors and assists the controls of the first line of defence. The functions of the second line of de fence include independent risk 
management, risk control, compliance assurance and certain internal security controls. The third line of defence is the independent internal audit. For 
more information, refer to @Responsible Corporate Governance Report 

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requirements. IT security maturity assessment  is carried out at our foreign subsidiaries once a year, their 
results are summed up in executive summaries. 

To evaluate the effectiveness of security activities in 2022, we started on-site audits of the foreign subsidiary 
banks.  In  2023,  on-site  audits  were  conducted  at  six  subsidiary  banks.  The  results  were  summed  up  in 
executive  summaries  and  in  reports  for  the  foreign  top  managers.  Thematic  audits  were  conducted  four 
times at our foreign subsidiary banks in an online questionnaire format on topics such a s security awareness, 
protection against malicious code, authorised and prohibited software, and application management.  

Cyber threat information is continuously gathered through Cyber Threat Intelligence. Cyber Threat Hunting 
can proactively identify in the cyber space and the internal network. 

• 

In  2023,  we  introduced  the  NIST  Cybersecurity  Framework  at  OTP  Bank  to  help  understand, 
manage  and  mitigate  cyber  risks  and  strengthens  the  protection  of  the  networks  and  data.  The 
system will be introduced in our subsidiary banks in 2024. 

•  We introduced a central incident management and cyber threat intelligence sharing platform (MISP) 
at OTP Bank with the participation of MNB and the National Cybersecurity Office to gather, analyse 
and share information regarding cyber security incidents and malware. We plan to roll out the system 
to our subsidiary banks in 2024. 
In  connection  with  the  Group-wide  brand  and  supply  chain  protection  service  (e.g.  for  identifying 
fake OTP websites or Facebook pages), in 2023 we have also activated the brand protection service 
on Meta platforms (e.g. Facebook). If a profile misuses OTP Bank’s visual and layout elements, we 
will report it via our official OTP Bank Facebook page. In the past, these have been blocked very 
quickly, often within hours. 15–20 profiles were removed every day. 

• 

•  To effectively maintain information security we cooperate with the National Cyber Security Centre 
of the Special Service for National Security. We created the @ELTE-OTP Cyber Defence Industrial 
Research Laboratory (KIBERLAB), which had 7 researchers in 2023. 

Security incidents and their management 

In total, 856 information security or other cyber security incidents (involving unauthorised access) occurred 
in the Banking Group. In the vast majority of cases, no customer or employee data was compromised. In 
one case linked to OTP Mobil, 10,279 customers were affected, and additionally a total of 113 customers or 
employees were affected at the group level. There were no such incidents at OTP Bank.  

The scale of the cyber security incidents is indicated by the fact that we handled around 34,000 alerts, an d 
investigated 6,000 data leaks and 742 phishing reports (of which 88 were organised phishing campaigns).  

A considerable number of criminal acts or attempts are committed against customers by way of deception 
year  after  year.  In  these  cases,  the  customers  themselves  provide  the  perpetrators  with  (or  allow  them 
access to) their confidential banking data. There were three common methods of perpetrating these offences 
in Hungary in 2023. 

•  The  perpetrators,  impersonating  OTP  Bank  employees,  usually  claim  that  a  fraud  (unauthorised 
transfers/debit  card  transactions)  or  sometimes  a  mistaken  transfer  is  in  progress,  typically 
attempting to deceive the bank’s customers by phone. 

•  They generally use phishing sites to exploit classified advertisements posted by the cust omers and 
obtain their Internet banking login details, then use this information to login to the customer’s Internet 
banking  account  and  initiate  unauthorised  transfers.  We  prevent  this  by  effectively  detecting 
phishing sites. 
Internet  advertisements  offering  get-rich-quick  schemes  are  a  way  for  fraudsters  to  obtain  the 
customer’s money, and later their data as well. In response, we have made it more difficult to attach 
the device to an existing account, making it more difficult to commit fraud.  

• 

damage, HUF millions 
customer losses prevented, HUF millions 

Fraud against customers, OTP Bank 

2022 
2,901 
883 

2023 
10,086 
3,195 

The  global  phishing  campaigns  and  the  resulting  increase  in  customer  losses  are  also  reflected  in  the 
indicators of our subsidiary banks. 

•  Preventing fraud involving unauthorised transfers initiated by the customer themselves is the most 
difficult,  as  the  transaction  is  initiated  from  the  customer’s  own  device,  significantly  reducing  the 
number of potential fraud indicators. These events resulted in HUF 2.4 billion in customer losses, 
as  well  as  HUF  344  million  in  prevented  customer  losses.  Over  80  percent  of  customer  losses 
occurred at our Slovenian subsidiary banks. 

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•  The unauthorised transfers initiated by the  perpetrators resulted in HUF 1,691 million in customer 
losses, as well as HUF 1,222 million in prevented customer losses. Over 50 percent of customer 
losses occurred at SKB Bank. 

The bank seeks to mitigate customer harm primarily through improving customer  awareness, education and 
security checks and rules  – in  most such cases, customers receive no compensation. The  MNB  and the 
Financial Arbitration Board are also setting increasingly stringent standards regarding online financial abuse, 
in order to protect both consumer interests and the reputation of the financial sector. 

Own  indicator  Both  OTP  Bank  and  its  subsidiary  banks  have  a  significantly  lower  ratio  of  card  fraud  to 
turnover  than  the  European  average  published  by  Mastercard  (OTP  Bank:  0.0203%,  subsidiary  banks’ 
average: 0.013%, European average 0.04%47). The total amount of fraud at OTP Bank was HUF 4.1 billion, 
with an additional HUF 9.5 billion at the group level. OTP Bank prevented HUF 10.1 billion worth of credit 
card fraud, while the amount of unsuccessful attempted fraud at its subsidiary banks amounted to HUF 7.9 
billion. 

The highest risk cases targeting the Banking Group included primarily credit frauds against OTP Bank, 
while our foreign subsidiaries were most commonly targeted by lending fraud, employee abuse and violent 
crime (ATM attacks, bank robberies). 

Of all the acts aimed at causing bank losses, expected bank losses related to credit fraud were the highest 
in 2023. Although the number of cases of lending fraud decreased significantly between 2022 and 2023, the 
expected bank loss due to lending fraud at our Ukrainian subsidiary bank increased nearly threefold.  

The  number  of  employee  misconduct  cases  halved  in  one  year,  and  the  related  expected  bank  loss 
drastically decreased to one-tenth of its previous value: HUF 263 million.  (This can be primarily attributed 
to the very high expected bank losses related to employee misconduct at our Montenegrin su bsidiary bank 
in 2022). 

There was an increase in the incidence of all main types of  violent acts (bank robberies, burglaries, cash 
theft from ATMs, ATM vandalism). In comparison with the previous two categories, the expected bank losses 
associated with these forms of misconduct are negligible. 

We have taken a number of steps to reduce misconduct in 2023: 

• 

In  order  to  effectively  deal  with  the  increased  incidence  of  fraud  targeting  customers,  the  Security 
Directorate has implemented organisational and structural changes: 

-  The responsibilities for handling fraud reports and taking immediate actions were transferred 

- 

from the Contact Center to the Security Directorate. 
In 2023, the department handling alerts from the real-time account and card monitoring system 
saw a headcount increase of 29 staff members, partly due to taking over responsibilities from 
the contact centre, and partly to handle the increased number of alerts. 

-  To  expedite  the  reception  and  handling  of  customer  reports  regarding  fraud,  as  well  as  to 
increase customer satisfaction and thus prevent and reduce further potential losses, we have 

47 Issuers page. 

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169 

0.02030.0082700.0074070.0134900.0087000.0173000.0159000.0109000.0032000.0138000.0344000.00960000.0050.010.0150.020.0250.030.0350.040.045OTP BankDSK BankSKB BankNKBMOTP BankCroatiaOTP BankSerbiaOTP BankAlbaniaCKBOTP BankRussiaOTP BankUkraineOTP BankRomaniaOTP BankMoldova%Bank card fraud versus total turnover, 2023Card  not present when fraud committedCard present when fraud committedEuropean average 2023 
 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

created a separate department of 33 people called the Anti-Fraud Support Unit. Here, specially 
trained employees answer incoming calls and take preliminary actions. 

•  OTP  Bank  has  signed  a  cooperation  agreement  with  the  National  Police  Headquarters  (ORFK), 
establishing a 24-hour contact process to help the authorities take quick and effective action to bring 
offenders to justice. The main areas of cooperation include: crime prevention; education, training; the 
creation  of  an  Anti-Fraud  Academy;  joint  press  coverage;  joint  evaluation  and  analysis;  regular 
evaluation of offence patterns and trends, and the results of analyses; data provision, the establishment 
of a permanent on-call service to speed up the transfer of information. 

•  We have extended and tightened the rules on financial transactions and transfers: 

-  We  have  introduced  third  factor  authentication  (customers  attempting  to  transfer  a  sum 
exceeding ten times their previous average transaction value  – but no less than HUF 1 million 
– will need to provide am authorisation code sent via email). 

-  Only a financial transaction can activate mobile banking services within 24 hours.  
-  We have capped the daily card limit for micro and small business customers. 
-  We  have  reviewed  our  existing  rules  for  the  bank  card  and  transaction  monitorin g  system 
(PRM),  amending  them  where  necessary  and  introducing  26  new  rules.  We  aimed  to  create 
real-time  rules  aimed  at  preventing  the  very  first  suspicious  transaction.  Where  this  was  not 
possible,  we  created  near  real-time  rules  with  more  advanced  habit  checking  and  autobl 
functionality, providing a higher accuracy for alerts. The improvements to our rules have helped 
reduce the number of daily alerts by an average of 2,000 in 2023. In late 2023, we introduced 
a real-time link between the PRM and the card system, which is expected to make rule-making 
and operations more efficient. 

-  With regard to the rules, we have developed new habit analyses to reduce the number of false 

alerts. 

•  We have initiated developments in the use of customer asset-based data (SEON, Threatmark). 
•  We have launched the Central Fraud Filtering System Project – as required by MNB. 
•  We have created a new feature for our mobile banking services, allowing customers to suspend their 

account and card at the touch of a button, in order to prevent further losses. 

Improvements aimed at preventing online credit fraud: 

•  Fraud victims: a new feature has been added to the system to clearly identify whether a customer has 
been a victim of online credit fraud in the past. If so, we will contact the customer over the phone if they 
try to take out another online loan. 

•  Online attempts: Customers who have initiated a large number of online requests within a specified time 

period will trigger and automatic alert or block. 

Raising awareness among our staff and customers 

Since the awareness of our employees may result in the prevention of a lot fraud attempts, we laid particular 
emphasis on raising security awareness in 2023 as well. A lot of the relevant  activities were executed in 
October, in connection with the European Month of Cyber Security. 

According  to  the  Bank  Security  Regulations,  annual  IT  security  awareness  training  is  mandatory  for  all 
employees at the group level, requiring the successful completion of an exam administered by OTP Bank. 
New  employees  are  also  required  to  complete  the  training.  We  typically  review  the  training  materials 
annually. 

In 2023, we conceptually and methodologically overhauled OTP Bank training materials, and produced a 
bank-specific video package with the engagement of a professional creative-film agency. The overhaul was 
followed by publication and backtesting. The original initial group of the course included nearly 11,000 active 
employees on launch day, of whom 92.5% successfully completed the course, while 808 individu als (7.5%) 
failed to complete it despite repeated requests. The overhauled training course has been well received by 
our  employees.  About  10%  of  those  having  completed  the  training  also  filled  out  the  evaluation 
questionnaire, with 82% of respondents being very satisfied with the training, and 96% of them stating that 
the course content helps them in their daily work. 

From 2023 onwards, branch employees will receive on-site training in addition to the annual bank security 
e-learning training. 

In addition to general training, we also organised role-specific training courses, which likewise concluded 
with an exam. These were completed by 831 individuals. 

We  have  developed  a  curriculum  for  training  security  personnel.  From  2024,  branch  security  guards  will 
receive  in-person  training,  while  other  stakeholders  (cash  transporters;  responders)  will  be  sent  the 
curriculum. 

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We have kept our employees informed of the latest fraud methods through our internal bank communication 
channels. During Cyber Security Month, we reached out to our employees with professional and awareness-
raising articles, as well as roundtable discussions. 

For  the  fifth  year  in  a  row,  we  have  organised  a  phishing  simulation  for  the  Bank’s  entire  employee 
community,  assessing  employee  response  to  receiving  phishing  emails.  In  2023,  the  simulation  was 
performed group-wide. We also carried out a successful “abandoned thumb drive” test at our head office.  

In 2023, we organised two International Rotation Programmes for the security managers and employees of 
our foreign subsidiaries. The spring programme focused on information security, with four subsidiary banks 
participating. In the autumn, in line with the change in the responsibilities of the group management area, 
we implemented a programme covering several security areas, involving colleagues from seven subsidiary 
banks from different areas. 

Our subsidiary banks also make efforts to raise security awareness among their employees, in addition to 
mandatory training and phishing simulations. 

SI SKB  Bank in Slovenia ran campaigns in the autumn and spring to raise awareness of security issues 
among colleagues. They also performed a phishing test. 

RS Our Serbian subsidiary bank organised a social engineering test for its employees, in order to fu rther 
improve their cybersecurity awareness. 

RU Our Russian subsidiary bank has published articles on key IT security topics on its internal channels.  

In addition to the Banking Group’s high degree of preparedness and our employees’ security awareness, 
our customers’ security awareness also needs to be raised. We continue to improve our methods for 
customer education. Specifically: 

•  During the waiting time when customers are on hold, the Contact Center issues warnings for “Foxpost” 

fraud and fraudulent phone calls made in the Bank’s name. 

•  Branch  leaflets  were  produced  to  warn  customers  (100,000  leaflets).  Branches  have  access  to  the 
internal Electronic Banking Security Portal, where staff will always be able to read information on the 
latest fraud trends and how to prevent them. 

•  We have set up a dedicated phone number to help us serve customers affected by fraud more quickly 
and efficiently; this phone number is prominently listed on the bank’s website and on the login and logout 
pages of the internet banking interface. 

•  The  OTP  website  https://www.otpbank.hu/portal/hu/Adathalaszat  contains  detailed  information  on  the 

various forms of fraud and misconduct. 

•  We also have chatbots provide information to our customers on phishing and fraud, secure banking and 
credit card security. These provide our customers with easy access to thematically organised content 
and downloadable documents. 

•  We have also added fraud warnings to the envelopes containing account statements. 
•  During our branch training sessions, we reminded our administrators to inform customers about fraud.  
•  On a few occasions, our employees have given public presentations on financial fraud.  
• 

In addition,  we post alerts on Facebook, the Bank’s website, the internal  Electronic Banking Security 
Portal, as well as other social media whenever new methods or stories of fraud are available.  

•  Our three KnowledgeBank videos on data security received a high number of views (see @chapter 3.1). 

SI  HR  In  cooperation  with  the  Slovenian  Banking  Association  and  the  Croatian  Banking  Association,  our 
subsidiary  banks  also  participated  in  the  awareness-raising  activities  of  the  European  Month  of  Cyber 
Security. In Slovenia, SKB Bank and NKBM organised a spring and autumn campaign, informing customers 
of existing dangers by email, as well as via mobile and online banking.  

RS Our Serbian subsidiary bank also used its communication channels to warn customers about fraud. They 
also published four videos on phishing, phone phishing, cyber-attacks and account fraud. 

AL Our Albanian subsidiary bank has implemented a social media campaign on secure online  payments, 
focusing on credit cards in 2023. 

UA  Our  Ukrainian  subsidiary  bank  participated  in  the  communication  campaign  of  the  National  Bank  of 
Ukraine “Goodbye to fraud”. The bank financed the development of the campaign’s education programme, 
and also organised its own education programmes aimed at the general public.  

RO  The  IT  security  manager  of  our  Romanian  subsidiary  bank  gave  a  presentation  at  the  Bucharest 
Cybersecurity Conference. 

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Protection of customers’ personal data 

The Banking Group applies the most modern solutions for data processing and data security and in order to 
prevent data leaks. 

The protection and processing of personal data are also a part of our Compliance Policy, in which the regular 
assessment of risks and the maintenance and improvement of awareness are discussed. Data protection is 
closely linked to fraud prevention and cyber security. 

We last renewed the Directive on the protection of personal data introduced in OTP Bank and our domestic 
group  members  in  2022.  At  OTP  Group  banks,  dedicated  data  protection  officers  and  data  owners  are 
responsible for ensuring compliance with the data protection requirements (e.g. supervising personal data 
processing,  principle  of  data  minimisation,  the  processing  of  high-risk  data).  To  this  end,  data  managers 
receive annual professional training. 

We naturally provide our customers with complaint handling channels for the event of fraud suffered as a 
result of the data management practices of OTP Group, while suspected ethical offenses (including hu man 
rights offenses) can also be reported via our whistleblowing system. 

48 of the data leakage cases in the OTP Group occurred in OTP Faktoring Zrt., and  resulted from the fact 
that  the  address  provided  by  the  debtor  was  used  by  a  third  party  who  obtained  unauthorised  access  to 
personal data by opening  the letter. A further 18 data leakage incidents occurred at SKB Bank, primarily 
due to the negligence of the bank’s administrators and a mobile bank configuration error. 

GRI 418-1 Abuse of personal data 

number  of substantiated  complaints  by  external 
parties 
number of complaints by regulatory authorities 
number of breaches of customer privacy 
number of data theft incidents 
number  of 
organisation 

times  data  were 

lost  by 

the 

OTP Bank 

OTP Group 

2019  2020  2021  2022  2023  2019¹  2020  2021  2022  20232 

(cases) 

(cases) 
(cases) 
(cases) 

(cases) 

0 

0 
0 
0 

0 

3 

6 
0 
0 

0 

0 

0 
0 
0 

0 

0 

0 
0 
0 

0 

0 

33 

0 
23 
0  1,045 
1 
0 

0 

1 

20 

35 
29 
2 

2 

277 

128 

22 
61 
17 

0 

23 
31 
0 

1 

43 

21 
73 
2 

2 

¹ Our Ukrainian subsidiary bank was unable to supply data.   
2 Our Montenegrin subsidiary bank was unable to supply data.  
There is a considerable risk in on-line abuse based on deceiving customers – in such cases the customers 
themselves disclose their own confidential data (see above). 

4.5  Tax payment 

This chapter describes the activities related to the following relevant topic:  

GRI 207: 3-3, 207-1, 207-2, 207-3: Tax payment 

Impacts: In the areas where we operate, we have an impact on state revenues and the tax practices of the 
sector.  Through  tax  payment,  the  Banking  Group  makes  a  meaningful  contribution  to  the  provision  of 
community services and the management of social inequalities, thus ultimately to socio-economic stability. 

This material topic supports the achievement of the following SDGs: 

Engagement: The OTP Group aims to achieve maximum compliance with the legal regulations on taxation; 
accordingly, it settles its tax liabilities in the amounts prescribed by those regulations together with all of its 
other tax-related obligations (e.g. data supply) in each country in which it performs activities or in which it 
comes under the local tax regulations for any other reason. Strict prohibition of tax evasion and of taking 
advantage of loopholes in the law in ways contrary to the purposes of those laws, is a  key element of its 
corporate culture. 

We always aim to file tax returns in time, to fulfil our data supply obligations and avoid being fined.  
Acts: Implementation and continuous application of the OTP Group Tax Policy  

In  Hungary,  we  have  also  contributed  to  the  stability  of  public  finances  by  bearing  extra  burdens 
(moratorium, bank tax, extra-profit tax) 

Meeting the requirements on taxation is included in the objectives of the organisation managers  

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BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

Stakeholder  cooperation:  Interests  relating  to  taxation  are  asserted  via  the  Banking  Association.  As 
regards  the  interpretation  of  the  legal  regulations  we  even  communicate  directly  with  the  authority  and 
regulatory bodies. 

GRI 207-2, 207-3 The OTP Group’s tax policy defines uniform principles: it seeks to establish and maintain 
an open, transparent and trust-based relationship with the tax authorities. Our goal is to expedite the closure 
of audits, and provide high-quality information services. 

The @Tax policy which was established by OTP Group in 2022 and came into effect in 2023, applies to the 
entire OTP Group, every member of the group members’ management bodies and every employee of the 
Group, along with all natural and legal persons performing expert or consultancy assignments or agency 
activities for the Group. The Tax Policy presents the principles and practices followed by the OTP Group 
with respect to taxation (it is essentially a code of conduct within the framework of the law).  

The Tax Policy is based on, and is in line with the elements of, the Code of Ethics. Upon any impairment of 
the Tax Policy, an ethics offence can be reported. 

The Tax Policy is approved, and revised at least once a year, by OTP Bank’s Board of Directors, paying 
particular attention to changes in the regulatory environment and tax authority’s and courts’ practices, in the 
guidelines  issued  by  international  organisations  shaping  international  tax  policies  and  in  international 
practices. 

OTP Group ensures the implementation of the Tax Policy through processes defined in group -level and local 
internal  regulations,  with  the  highest  level  accountable  person  being  the  Man aging  Director  (Chief 
Accountant) of the Accounting and Finances Directorate leading the taxation division. The taxation division 
is independent of the business divisions. 

GRI 207-1, 207-2 Owing to the complexity of the taxation rules and the constant change of judicial practice, 
taxation risks (e.g. tax deficit, fine) cannot be altogether precluded. Their management is regulated at the 
highest level by the Tax Policy. The Banking Group has no specific tax payment strategy.  

4.6  Contribution to economic stability 

This chapter describes the activities related to the following relevant topic:  

GRI ST2: 3-3: Contribution to economic stability 

Impacts: The members of OTP Group are important participants in several markets within the CEE region 
and in Uzbekistan, and through their operations and results they have a significant impact on the respective 
countries’ economies and financial systems, as well as on improving the standard of living.  

This material topic supports the achievement of the following SDGs: 

Engagement: Stability is one of the most important values for the Banking Group, therefore it spares no 
effort to secure this. Our clear aim is to meet both regulatory requirements and competitive practices.  

We always aim to file tax returns in time, to fulfil our data supply obligations and avoid being fined. 

Acts: Traditionally high CET1 ratio 

High liquidity ratio 
Prudent risk management 
Low ratio of non-performing loans (see @chapter 3.2) 

Stakeholder  cooperation:  We  follow  regulatory  requirements  with  the  goal  of  maximum  compliance, 
providing all necessary information in a transparent manner. We assign a high priority to answering investor 
and analyst questions. 

Own indicator OTP Bank’s capital strength and stability are also confirmed by the results of the stress test 
conducted by the European Banking Authority in 2023, with the assistance of the National Bank of Hungary. 
OTP Group was the only Hungarian-owned credit institution to have participated in the survey. OTP Group’s 
capitalisation  results  have  improved  slightly  compared  to  two  years  ago,  and  the  Group’s  capital  reserves 
would  remain  well  above  the  current  regulatory  capital  requirements  over  the  horizon  of  the  stress  test.  In 

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BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

terms of CET1 ratio decrease over the three-year stress scenario period,48 OTP Bank achieved the 4th best 
result in the test from among the 70 banks examined, and ranked 13th in terms of its absolute CET1 ratio. 

Own indicator  The CET1 ratio remained stable overall in 2023, despite the completion of the largest acquisition 
in the Banking Group’s history – the Slovenian NKBM transaction – and the equally significant acquisition of 
the Uzbek Ipoteka. 

The MREL, or the minimum requirement for own funds and eligible liabilities, is determined in collaboration 
with  the  resolution  authorities  of  the  Bank  and  its  subsidiaries,  representing  a  new  level  of  regulatory 
expectations for banking resources. The level of the requirement varies from bank to bank, taking size and 
business model into consideration. The resources available for meeting the MREL requirement ensure that in 
the event of resolution, any losses are borne by the Bank’s owners and subordinated lenders, minimising the 
need for state aid. Our Bank has met the level of the MREL requirement required to be achieved by January 
2024 through capital accumulated during normal operations and bond issuances on international and domestic 
capital markets. 

In  2023,  we  developed  an  internal  regulation  titled  “Order  of  Management  and  Procedures  Related  to 
Resolution” (A szanálási szempontú irányítás és a szanáláshoz kapcsolódó eljárások rendje)  to meet the 
corporate governance expectations required by the National Bank of Hungary in the event of resolution, in 
order to implement recapitalisation to the extent necessary. 

Throughout the year, numerous questions were received from investors and analysts, induced by the bank 
failures in the US and Switzerland. In all cases, OTP Bank was able to provide reassuring answers based on 
the  low  deposit  concentration,  the  ratio  of  insured  deposits,  the  healthy  balance  sheet  structure,  and  its 
conservative (73%) loan-to-deposit ratio. 

The  Banking  Group’s  presence  in  Russia  is  a  matter  of  public  interest,  and  we  also  provide  regular  and 
transparent information on this. Even under the most unfavourable scenarios, the situation of our subsidiary 
bank will not jeopardize the stability of OTP Group. 

GRI 201-4 In 2023, the Banking Group received subsidies in four countries. In Hungary, nine  subsidiaries 
of OTP Bank received subsidies. NAGISZ Zrt., HAGE Zrt., Nemesszalóki Mezőgazdasági Zrt. and Nádudvari 
Élelmiszer Kft. received a total of HUF 3.3 billion in investment, agricultural and animal welfare subsidies.  

MONICOMP has signed a three-year contract with the National Agency for Research and Innovation for the 
lease of a supercomputing infrastructure. The total cost of the project is HUF 7.3 billion, with a total subsidy 
grant  of  HUF  2.6  billion.  The  second  instalment  of  the  aid  (HUF  846  million)  was  received  in  2023.  The 
environment requires 40% less energy compared to other HPCs 49, which is exceptional at the regional level, 
and provides the opportunity to create GPT-level large language models, significantly supporting the Bank’s 
customer service, campaign management, knowledge sharing, and educational activities. By the end of the 
second year, a Hungarian-English, GPT-3 level large language model will be made available to the public 
sector, as well as to higher education institutions. In  the course of additional training steps, the model will 
also be trained with the languages of the countries where OTP Group is present. 

Our  Bulgarian  subsidiary  received  state  aid  for  financing  their  electricity  costs.  The  Merkantil  Group  and 
OTP Factoring Zrt. received GINOP Plus subsidies for employee development through a European Union 
tender.  OTP  Travel  received  de  minimis  levels  of  subsidy,  Foglaljorvost  Online  Kft.  received  SME  Start 
Innovation (KKV Start Innováció) subsidies, and OTP Holding and Financing Malta used state subsidies for 
hybrid car procurement. 

Hungary 
Bulgaria 
Slovenia 
Croatia 
Romania 
Malta 
Total 

GRI 201-4 Financial assistance (HUF millions)¹ 

2019 
167 
0 
0 
3 
3 
0 
173 

2020 
50 
0 
0 
5 
14 
0 
69 

2021 
1,248 
74 
0 
7 
8 
0 
1,337 

2022 
2,363 
721 
74 
5 
0 
0 
3,164 

2023 
4,237 
156 
0 
0 
0 
5 
4,397 

¹ The tax allowance granted on the basis of the Hungarian Banking Group’s sponsorship of spectator team sports and performing arts,  as well as the tax 
relief in Slovenia used for donations, are not included here as they cannot be interpreted as financial assist ance received by the Bank 

48 common equity tier 1 capital 
49 High Performance Computing 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

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OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

5.  RESPONSIBLE EMPLOYER 

This chapter describes the activities related to the following relevant topic:  

GRI 401, 404, 405, 3-3: Responsible employment 

Impacts:  The  Banking  Group  makes  major  contributions  to  improving  labour  market  adaptability  and 
competitiveness,  sustainable  development  efforts,  and  socially  responsible  employer  behaviour  through 
responsible employment. The quality of life of employees (and those working in the sector) is fundamentally 
influenced  by  income,  thus  the  remuneration  practices  of  the  Banking  Group  are  a  key  factor.  Ensuring 
gender equality also has an important impact on economic growth and a sustainable future.  

Working  conditions  and  the  workplace  atmosphere  also  significantly  impact  stress  levels,  motivation  and 
sense of security, which can have either positive or negative effects. Given the size of the Banking Group, 
the impacts are also felt in the broader community. 

This material topic supports the achievement of the following SDGs: 

Engagement: The Banking Group is committed to fair employment, stability, and performance-proportional, 
equitable remuneration sufficient for a decent living. 

The Banking Group considers its employees to be its most important asset, and seeks to promote their well-
being and development. Ensuring the latter includes continuous training and development, while the former 
is guaranteed by a caring and family-friendly corporate culture promoting equal opportunities and a healthy 
work environment. OTP Bank’s HR strategy focuses on the employee experience.  

Acts  Decent remuneration and a performance-based benefits system 

Flexible employment opportunities 
Strengthening non-discriminatory, inclusive attitudes 
Promoting gender equality (in training and development) 
Preparing action plans based on satisfaction surveys, and following up completed programmes  
Leadership and skills development 
Health insurance services, screening programmes, sports and recreational p ossibilities 

Stakeholder cooperation: The Group continuously monitors employee satisfaction. We take action based 
on employee feedback and inclusion. Our employees regularly undergo performance evaluations. We see 
ourselves as cooperative partners with advocacy groups. We cooperate with higher education institutions, 
professional organisations and service partners. Our interaction with supervisory authorities and agencies 
aims to ensure compliance with expectations. 

Details of activities relating to material topics are presented in the following pages, along with their outcomes 
and how their effectiveness is assessed. 

Further basic principles and comprehensive goals relating to employees are to be found on our  @website. 

5.1  Employment 

In  2023,  the  Banking  Group  faced  numerous  new  challenges  due  to  both  internal  changes  and 
external factors. Our focus has been on comprehensive programmes supporting engagement and 
effective change management. Our goal is to prepare the organisation for the future. 

SI, UZ For OTP Bank, one of the biggest challenges in the field of human resources was presented by the 
growth of OTP Group. The integration of the Uzbek Ipoteka Bank and the Slovenian NKBM was the most 
significant change at the group level, affecting both international cooperation and the employees. During 
corporate integration, the Bank strives to treat its employees responsibly. Integrity and transparency play a 
key  role  in  change  management.  We  strive  for  open  communication  (about  the  causes,  processes  and 
consequences of change), create forums and platforms to facilitate dialogue, and support employees with a 
wide range of tools in adapting to the new environment. More information on this can be found in  @chapter 
5.2. 

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OTP BANK 

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GRI 2-7 at the end of 2023, a total of 44,468 employees worked for the OTP Group 50, the majority in foreign 
subsidiaries.  The  15%  increase  in  the  Banking  Group’s  headcount  was  primarily  due  to  international 
acquisitions,  which  resulted  in  Uzbekistan’s  Ipoteka  Bank  contributing  4,344  employees  to  the  total 
headcount,  and  NKBM  contributing  1,575.  Proportionally,  the  49%  increase  (247  employees)  in  the 
headcount  of  the  Albanian  subsidiary  bank  was  also  a  result  of  a  previous  international  expansion:  the 
acquisition  of  Alpha  Bank.  Other  group  members  experiences  no  change  or  only  slight  incr eases  in 
headcount. There was a 10% increase in the headcount of the Montenegrin CKB, while our Russian ( -15%) 
and Ukrainian (-7%) subsidiary banks, as well as the DSK Group (-5%), experienced significant decreases 
in headcount. OTP Bank Russia’s headcount reduction continues to be driven by the significant decline in 
business activity, as well as decreases in the role of the physical POS, and the branch’s role as channel. 
The number of OTP Bank Ukraine employees has decreased as a consequence of the war th at broke out 
in February 2022. 

GRI 2-7, 207-4 

GRI 2-7 Employee headcount 

(as of 31 December) 

Full time employees 
Part-time employees 
Employees, total 
Women/men ratio 
Employees with fixed-term 
contracts 
Employees with fixed-term 
contracts 
Employees with indefinite-term 
contracts 

OTP Bank 

2021 

2019  2020 
Total  Total  Total  Men  Women  Total  Men  Women  Total  Men  Women 
5,937 
8,396  8,872 
800 
954 
6,737 
63% 

9,228  3,487 
60 
9,318  9,826  10,078  3,547 
   35% 

9,841  3,904 
74 
6,768  10,715  3,978 
37% 

9,654  3,678 
70 
6,531  10,516  3,748 
36% 

5,741 
790 

5,976 
792 

2022 

2023 

65% 

64% 

874 

862 

850 

922 

6% 

4% 

5% 

3% 

6% 

4% 

2% 

6% 

3% 

2% 

3% 

562 

419 

491 

115 

376 

460 

88 

372 

282 

61 

221 

8,756  9,407 

9,587  3,432 

6,155  10,056  3,660 

6,396  10,433  3,917 

6,516 

The data are accurate and derive from our internal records. 

50 Number of active employees. A part of the workforce – a total of 2,275 by the end of 2023 – will work as agents, mainly in Russia (2,119) and Ukraine 
(150). 
No employees are working in the Banking Group in regimes without guaranteed working hours.  

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

176 

13,821    5,251    2,501    2,590    2,840    748    550    4,344    6,853    2,276    1,818    871    5    Number of employees by country31.12.2023, total number of employeesHungaryBulgariaSloveniaCroatiaSerbiaAlbaniaMontenegroUzbekistanRussiaUkraineRomaniaMoldovaMalta 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

GRI 2-7 Employee 
headcount 

(as of 31 December)  2019 1 

Total 

2020 

Total 

OTP Group 

2021 2 

2022 3 

2023 

Total 

Men  Women  Total 

Men  Women  Total 

Men  Women 

Full time employees 

36,027  36,364  38,504  11,524 

26,980  36,458  11,547 

24,911  42,236  14,565 

27,671 

Part-time employees 

1,481 

1,451 

1,811 

339 

1,472 

2,317 

433 

1,884 

2,232 

421 

1,811 

Employees, total 

37,508  37,815  40,315  11,863 

28,452  38,775  11,980 

26,795  44,468  14,986 

29,482 

Ratio of women/men  
Employees with 
fixed-term contracts 
Employees with 
fixed-term contracts 
Employees with 
indefinite-term 
contracts 

100% 

100% 

100% 

29% 

71% 

31% 

69% 

34% 

66% 

7% 

6% 

6% 

4% 

7% 

4% 

2% 

5% 

3% 

2% 

4% 

2,633 

2,283 

2,338 

426 

1,912 

1,646 

272 

1,374 

1,372 

246 

1,126 

34,875  35,532  37,977  11,437 

26,540  37,129  11,708 

25,421  43,096  14,740 

28,356 

1 Not including the figures of Expressbank and OTP banka Srbija a.d. Beograd.  
2 Full consolidated group. 
3 Including the entire consolidated group, without the figures of Alpha Bank  
The data are accurate and derive from our internal records  

GRI 2-8 Non-employed staff headcount, 31.12.2023. 

Temporary agency workers 
Other external workforce¹ 

OTP Bank 
2022 
88 
1,090 

2023 
69 
1,067 

OTP Group 
2022 
157 
3,589 

2023 
229 
2,740 

¹ The figure is based partly on estimates. The reasons for the changes are not tracked at Group level.  
Independent workforce in legal terms include for the most part IT experts (developers, operators), trainers and other special ists performing other services, 
as well as students. 

GRI 205-2 A considerable number of sales agents (15,550 persons) are cooperating with the OTP Group in 
Hungary and in the region alike. Their numbers have decreased overall in 2023. The sales agent network 
remains  more  significant  in  Russia,  as  well  as  within  a  small  group  of  the  parent  bank  and  domestic 
subsidiaries (OTP Financial Point, OTP Real Estate Point), and OTP Bank Romania. In Ukraine, the decline 
is due to the war situation, while in other countries it is typically due to the  recovery from earlier inactivity 
and the expiration of contracts. 

New recruits and employee turnover 

GRI  2-7,  401-1  In  spite  of  the  unfavourable  macroeconomic  processes,  the  challenging  international 
environment and the companies’ internal  transformations, turnover51 continued to decrease both at Group 
level and for Group members. Turnover at the banking group level decreased to 20.8% in 2023, with the 
voluntary departure rate being 16.0%. 

Employee statistics 

GRI 401: 3-3, 401-1, Annex52 

51 The statistics include termination of employment both by employee and employer, as well as retirement. Since turnover is trad itionally high among the 
sales agents of the Russian and Ukrainian subsidiaries, we also present their ratios without sales agents.  
52 The companies having their registered offices in Malta are not indicated separately among the country data. No employee of th e Banking Group work 
in other countries.  

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178 

12.08%13.65%17.06%6.20%7.53%14.37%35.03%8.00%9.78%55.48%45.38%29.70%18.98%20.30%15.84%20.81%17.37%26.94%0%10%20%30%40%50%60%OTP BankHungaryBulgariaSloveniaCroatiaSerbiaAlbaniaMontenegroUzbekistanRussiaRussia –excluding agentsUkraineUkraine –excluding agentsRomaniaMoldovaOTP Group 2023OTP Group 2023 –excluding agentsOTP Group 2022Turnover, 2023employee turnover per country as a percentage of the closing headcount figure21.0%9.8%12.3%11.5%12.4%46.3%16.1%12.6%16.7%22.9%0%5%10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%50%Under 30years30–49 yearsOver 50 yearsMenWomenTurnover ratio within specific employee groups as a percentage of the closing headcount of each category, 2023OTP BankOTP Group (including agents)16.6%18.5%20.2%7.1%9.0%15.7%32.0%10.4%12.3%44.7%43.7%19.5%14.8%18.1%12.6%20.8%19.2%0%5%10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%50%OTP BankHungaryBulgariaSloveniaCroatiaSerbiaAlbaniaMontenegroUzbekistanRussiaRussia –excluding agentsUkraineUkraine –excluding agentsRomaniaMoldovaOTP Group 2023OTP Group 2023 –excluding agentsNew hires, 2023new hires per country as a percentage of the closing headcount figure 
 
 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

GRI 405: 3-3, 405-1, 205-2 

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179 

46.98%13.46%5.10%19.71%14.74%56.11%15.21%6.01%21.59%20.35%0%10%20%30%40%50%60%Under 30 years30–49 yearsOver 50 yearsMenWomenPercentage of new hires within specific employee groupsas a percentage of the closing headcount of each category, 2023OTP BankOTP Group (including agents)748379523283911004935261721486817951650%20%40%60%80%100%Supervisory BoardBoard of DirectorsSenior managersMiddle managersEmployeesSupervisory BoardBoard of DirectorsSenior managersMiddle managersEmployeesOTP Group*OTP BankDistribution of management body members and employees by gender, per level of position, 31.12.2023WomenMen* Calculated from parent bank and subsidiary bank bodies combined in the case of members of the Supervisory Board and the Board of Directors. Employee categories include all employees of the member companies. 
 
 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

Equal opportunity and workplace diversity 

GRI 2-10, 405: 3-3, 406: 3-3 OTP Bank’s strategy for gender equality was completed in 2021. In it, the Bank 
has set the following strategic objectives: 

- 
- 
- 

ensuring equal opportunities for all employee groups, 
creating an open and inclusive workplace, free from discrimination,  
supporting a diverse, professionally outstanding, and cooperative work culture. 

As part of the strategy, OTP Bank committed to increasing the ratio of women in its management bodies, 
appointing at least one female member to the Board of Directors and the Supervisory Board. The nomination 
process  is  carried  out  by  the  Nomination  Committee  based  on  suitability,  leadership,  and  expertise,  in 
accordance with the requirements laid down in the Credit Institutions Act. The Bank has committed to having 
at least 25% female candidates for group-level leadership succession. The strategic objectives will also be 
accomplished through a gender-neutral remuneration policy and the strengthening of a non-discriminatory 
and inclusive attitude through management training and internal awareness raising campaigns. According 
to the employee engagement survey, 82% of employees at the group level and 88% of employees at OTP 
Bank  feel  that  professional  success  at  the company  is  independent  of  gender,  age,  cultural  background, 
ethnicity, and religion. 

Further actions and practices: 

•  During  the  year,  the  ratio  of  female  candidates  in  the  succession  planning  for  international  and 
Hungarian  priority  manager  positions  was  30%.  In  the  2023  OTP  Academy  international  talent 
programmes,  the  Advanced  Leadership  Program  (33%)  and  the  Strategic  Risk  Leadership  Program 
(58%), the ratio of female employees exceeded 30%. 

•  To  enhance  non-discrimination,  those  involved  in  recruitment  took  part  in  labour  law  and  sensitivity 
training. As in previous years, the principle of an objective and discrimination-free process for attracting 
talent was reinforced by standardising our internal application process, allowing internal employees to 
participate in a selection process fully identical to that of external applicants.  

In 2024, OTP Bank plans to launch new diversity programs. Diversity awareness training materials will be 
prepared to help managers and employees eliminate unconscious biases. Women’s leadership development 
programs and the launch of the international Women Network will prepare and encourage women for higher 
leadership roles. Dedicated succession programs are also planned to strengthen the employment of women 
in digital and IT fields. 

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180 

2192173354557362179337059674644251983916728240%20%40%60%80%100%Supervisory BoardBoard of DirectorsSenior managementMiddle managersEmployeesSupervisory BoardBoard of DirectorsSenior managementMiddle managersEmployeesOTP Group*OTP BankDistribution of management body members and employees by age, per level of position, 31.12.2023Over 50 years30–49 yearsUnder 30 years* Calculated from parent bank and subsidiary bank bodies combined in the case of members of the Supervisory Board and the Board of Directors. Employee categories include all employees of the member companies. 
 
 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

GRI 202-2 Proportion of women and members from the local community in senior management, 31.12.2023 

Company 

OTP Bank 
DSK Bank 
OTP  Bank  Slovenia  (SKB  Bank  + 
NKBM) 
OTP Bank Croatia 
OTP Bank Serbia 
OTP Bank Albania 
CKB 
Ipoteka Bank 
OTP Bank Russia 
OTP Bank Ukraine 
OTP Bank Romania 
OTP Bank Moldova 

Directorate 

Management ¹ 

Proportion of locals² 
(%) 
100 
88 

Proportion of women 
(%) 
9 
13 

Proportion of locals2 
(%) 
100 
88 

Proportion of women 
(%) 
0 
13 

38 

83 
33 
- 
86 
63 
100 
100 
80 
100 

50 

0 
0 
- 
29 
0 
0 
40 
40 
17 

92 

83 
86 
83 
71 
63 
0 
100 
55 
83 

31 

0 
14 
17 
29 
0 
0 
40 
27 
17 

¹ Management: In Hungary: the chairman of an enterprise elected by the management body in its managerial function and employe d by the enterprise, 
or the chief executive officer appointed to manage the enterprise and employed by the enterprise, as well as a ll deputies of that officer; abroad: the chief 
executive appointed to manage the enterprise, who is employed by the enterprise, as well as all deputies of that officer and  the Heads of Division. 
² Citizen of the relevant country. 

Many  of  the  OTP  Group’s  subsidiaries  have  guidelines  and/or  policies  prohibiting  discrimination  at  the 
workplace and promoting diversity and equal opportunity. The policies on employee performance evaluation 
and financial incentives are also gender-neutral, consistently applying the principle of equal pay for male 
and female employees for equal or equivalent work across subsidiaries. 

BG The Bulgarian DSK Group launched the LaDySK initiative in 2023, in order to strengthen the economic 
and social role of women and support their careers. The community, consisting of 27 female leaders, has 
its  own  logo,  mission,  and  vision.  Its  members  have  received  special  training,  including  on  emotional 
intelligence,  time  management,  and  neuro-linguistic  programming  (NLP).  The  community  also  actively 
participates in charity initiatives within the bank. 

HR Our Croatian subsidiary bank published its Diversity, Inclusion, and Equality Policy on its @ website. In 
2023, it developed the social pillar of its ESG strategy, in parallel with an assessment of its social impacts. 
Consequently,  it  reviewed  its  main  internal  regulations,  supplementing  them  with  provisions  related  to 
human  rights  and  diversity.  The  bank’s  employees  participated  in  the  Workplace  Inclusion  Champion 
educational  programme  organised  by  the  Croatian  Business  Council  for  Su stainable  Development,  to 
implement a detailed Diversity and Inclusion (D&I) action plan in 2024, as part of achieving the goals set in 
the ESG strategy. 

AL OTP Bank Albania is committed to non-discrimination and the protection of vulnerable groups. In 2023, 
it signed a memorandum with UN Women 53, promoting gender equality. 

UZ In 2023, Ipoteka Bank had a Gender Equality Committee and a Women’s Committee, providing financial 
contributions and benefits to women. Women received free medical check-ups and vaccinations, as well as 
health care and sanatorium services for those in need. Retired employees and those with over 45 years of 
work experience receive special recognition and gifts, and once annually, financial support is provided to 
employees with disabilities. 

RO OTP Bank Romania’s brand philosophy as an employer, the #otpmindset concept, is based on diversity 
and equal opportunity. 

A total of 483 persons with disabilities were employed at the end of 2023. Within OTP Group, the DSK 
Group employs the largest number of people with disabilities (156 people) and OTP Bank Ukraine the largest 
ratio (5.5%). At OTP Bank employees with disabilities are provided by a monthly amount of HUF 10,000 i n 
the way of rehabilitation allowance in addition to the extra holiday stipulated in the Labour Code.  

OTP Group is committed to  supporting career starters  and, in connection with this, to cooperation with 
higher  education  institutions  and  students.  Most  Banking  Group  members  regularly  host  trainees  and 
students completing their  practical training, and employ students temporarily. Within the framework of its 
cooperation  with  higher  education  institutions,  OTP  Bank  actively  participates  in  university  mentorin g 
programmes, job fairs and student organisation events, as well as supporting lectures, research and study 
competitions. 

53 UN Women is a United Nations organisation dedicated to empowering women and girls in the social, economic and political arena s. 

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Following the practice of previous years, the OTP Group employed 979 interns in 2023. Among the Group 
members,  the  Ukrainian,  Romanian,  and  Albanian  subsidiary  banks  welcomed  the  highest  number  of 
trainees in proportion to their headcount. OTP Bank operates a dedicated Trainee Program. In 2023, a total 
of  229  trainees  and  300  students  were  offered  employment,  and  300  university  students  were  provided 
opportunities to work as professional trainees in the branch network and central areas. Around 60 percent 
of  young  people  who  have  completed  an  (apprenticeship)  traineeship  or  student  placement  have  been 
recruited by the Bank as staff. 23 percent of the employees who joined in 2023 were under the age of 25, 
thus the Bank offered employment opportunities to approximately 300 young professionals.  

RS  The  Serbian  subsidiary  bank  cooperates  with  several  NGOs  for  the  employment  of  disabled  and 
disadvantaged  young  people.  Trainees  were  hosted  through  the  Roma  Entrepreneurship  Development 
Initiative  (REDI)  programme,  and  at  the  end  of  2023,  they  began  collaborating  with  the  UNDP  (United 
Nations  Development  Programme)  and  the  Forum  for  Young  Disabled  People.  They  helped  to  inform 
stakeholders about open positions and traineeship opportunities within the bank, and the bank’s employees 
participated  in  forums  and  conferences  organised  by  the  two  organisations.  A  dedicated  traineeship 
competition for young people with disabilities was launched at the end of the year. 

RO  As  a  unique  initiative,  the  Romanian  subsidiary  bank  has  launched  the  Hungarian  Native  Speaker 
Trainee Programme 2023. The programme gives Hungarian-speaking young people the opportunity to learn 
about the bank and the financial sector, and to gain experience in their profession. Students typically remain 
in the bank as employees after the mentoring and learning phase.  

GRI  2-30,  402-1  All  members  of  OTP  Group  respect  the  rights  of  freedom  of  association  and  collective 
bargaining, and provide opportunities for advocacy in accordance with applicable local laws. Relations with 
advocacy groups are collaborative. 65 percent of OTP Bank’s employees are members of a union, with a 
group-level ratio of 40%54. The Bulgarian, Croatian, Montenegrin, and Uzbek subsidiary banks have a high 
rate of union membership. The majority of the Banking Group’s employees (70%) are covered by a collective 
bargaining  agreement.  For  OTP  Bank  employees,  this  ratio  is  97% 55.  There  are  collective  bargaining 
agreements in force at OTP Bank, DSK Bank, OTP Bank Serbia, OTP Bank Croatia, OTP Bank Romania, 
the  Uzbek  Ipoteka  Bank,  OTP  Bank  Ukraine,  CKB,  the  Slovenian  SKB 56  and  NKBM  Banks,  and  the 
Hungarian subsidiaries OTP Lakástakarék, OTP Jelzálogbank, NAGISZ and Velvin Ventures. As it relates 
to the minimum notice period regarding operational changes that could substantially affect employees, the 
banks  of  OTP  Group  follow  varying  practices  in  compliance  with  local  requirements  (see   @Annex). 
Employees’ rights, policies, employment rules and practices are available to employees and are displayed 
in internal communication channels, on the relevant intranet pages. 

Labour complaints 

GRI 401: 3-3 During the year a total of 48 labour procedures were commenced against companies of the 
OTP Group, of which 36 procedures were closed by the end of the year. 35 of the cases closed were labour 
lawsuits. The compensation paid in 2023 amounted to 233 million HUF, including a fine for practices from a 
previous period amounting to 218 million HUF. In the case of CKB Group, a verdict was reached in favour 
of the plaintiff regarding an unlawful termination of employment in 2019 for compensation of lost earnings. 
The  Russian,  Ukrainian,  Serbian,  and  Bulgarian  subsidiary  banks  were  also  involved  in  the  labour 
proceedings. 

5.2  Employee inclusion, measuring engagement 

GRI  2-29,  401:  3-3  Continuous  dialogue  with  the  employees  is  a  key  element  of  OTP  Bank’s  HR 
strategy – we communicate through a variety of channels and in diverse forms, to get to know their 
needs, requirements and opinions and receive feedback at the same time. OTP Group places a high 
importance on employee satisfaction and strengthening employee engagement. Annual engagement 
surveys and targeted pulse surveys allow the effects of developments to be measured.  

54 Slovenian banks are not allowed by national law to keep records of trade union members, so this is not included in the d ata.  
55 At OTP Bank, the working conditions and terms and employment conditions of employees not covered by a collective bargaining a greement are also 
determined  on  the  basis  of  the  existing  collective  bargaining  agreement.  The  working  conditions  and  the  t erms  and  conditions  of  employment  of 
employees  not  covered  by  collective  bargaining  agreements  at  the  members  of  the  Banking  Group  are  typically  not  determined  on   the  basis  of  the 
collective bargaining agreement of the member company or other organisation.  
56 Not the organisation's own collective agreement, but a sectoral collective agreement.  

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OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

Own indicator  OTP Bank conducted an employee engagement assessment in 10 countries applying the 
same  methodology  across  the  group,  for  the  third  time. 57  In  2023,  a  total  of  28,990  employees  took  the 
opportunity to provide feedback, representing an extremely high (91%) response rate. While maintaining the 
participation  rate,  the  Banking  Group  also  managed  to  improve  employee  engagement  and  remain  an 
attractive workplace in the labour market. 

Survey results: 

•  Employee  engagement  level  increased  by  two  percentage  points  to  72%,  compared  to  76%  for 

OTP Bank in 2023. 

•  With this 2 percent increase, the engagement rate is approaching the global financial sector average 
(75%)58. OTP Group’s goal aims to reach the global 75th percentile of engagement, which was 78% 
in 2023. 
In  addition  to  Hungary,  the  highest  levels  of  engagement  were  found  in  Albania,  Ukraine  and 
Romania.  Seven  of  the  ten  countries  surveyed  saw an  increase  in  engagement  compared  to  the 
previous year. 

• 

•  As a result of the actions  taken at group  level, a larger proportion of employees (68% instead of 
60%)  reported  positive  changes  in  their  environment  as  a  result  of  the  (previous)  survey.  Most 
respondents  found  it  important  that  communication  had  become  more  open  and  more  regular, 
leading  to  improved  cooperation  with  colleagues.  They  also  noted  positive  changes  in  terms  of 
remuneration.  91  percent  of  respondents  noted  career  opportunities,  employee  well -being  and 
recognition as key factors in their engagement, and 72 percent of respondents (2022: 71%) believe 
that the survey will result in improvement initiatives. 

All employees received comprehensive information about the survey results, and were given the opportunity 
to provide feedback on it. This process serves as a basis for the 2024 action plan, focusing on the follo wing 
three areas: 

•  providing  career  opportunities  (by  extending  the  job  system  internationally,  creating  transparent 

career paths, initiating international mobility), 

•  employee  well-being  (reviewing  and  streamlining  processes  for  welfare  services,  increasing 

efficiency), 

•  and  strengthening  the  involvement  of  senior  management  (reinforcing  the  dialogue  between 

managers and employees). 

Additionally, each organisational unit must identify at least two to three specific goals that will provide an 
effective response to employee feedback. 

The  importance  of  a  feedback  culture  is  increasingly  significant  in  the  Group’s  operations,  collecting 
feedback from members of OTP Group in a number of different ways beyond just the engagement survey.  

SI The Slovenian group conducted a pulse survey on the inter-bank integration process and a cultural survey 
to explore their employees’ views on the current and desired organisational culture.  

RS Our Serbian subsidiary bank has rolled out the Heartcount app  – already tested in 2022 – to its 1,600 
employees. Heartcount is a tool for efficiently collecting and analysing employee feedback.  

RU  Our  Russian  subsidiary  bank  conducted  employee  surveys  on  various  programmes,  including 
gamification,  health  insurance,  transparency  of  the  bonus  process,  and  the  potential  for  internal 
collaboration. 

Open internal communication, change management 

For the Slovenian and Uzbek banks, internal communication played a crucial role in change management 
due to company mergers and integration into the banking group. Priorities included harmonising operations, 
strengthening  cooperation  and  defining 
the  desired 
organisational  culture.  In  both  cases,  the  aim  was  to  make  integration  a  predictable  an d  understandable 
process for employees. 

the  necessary  management  steps 

towards 

SI  The  two  Slovenian  banks  have  embarked  on  a  number  of  new  activities  to  strengthen  employee 
engagement.  This  included  the  introduction  of  “crossbank”  team-building  events,  a  new  change 
management  training  programme  for  managers,  regular  meetings  to  strengthen  communication  and 
information sharing (monthly and quarterly business review meetings), and organising community -building 

57 In Russia, the survey was conducted on a different platform and with some different questions. The response rate was 90%, and  the detailed results 
are still being processed. The first survey in Uzbekistan will take place in 2024.  
58 The Financials Avg benchmark contains six million responses from 116 companies of the world classified on the basis of the GI CS method. 

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events and activities (Bankathlon, Christmas events, health improvement programmes, mobi lity week) that 
can  appeal  to  all  of  the  employees  of  both  banks.  Organisational  culture  workshops  were  also  held  with 
managers to jointly define  the core values and desired behaviours of the bank created as a result of the 
merger  – which is planned for 2024 – and to incorporate them into performance management and moral 
recognition systems. 

RO  In  2023,  OTP  Bank  Romania  held  an  internal  event,  the  HR  Open  Days,  to  give  colleagues  the 
opportunity to ask questions about the bank’s market position and sales. A dedicated internal communication 
platform was also established for this purpose, named the “Dialogue of Colleagues”.  

5.3  Career opportunities 

OTP Bank operates a uniform, consistent, transparent and equal remuneration and incentive structure. This 
is  governed  by  the  Job  Framework.  The  job  framework  was  implemented  in  the  Bank  and  its  Hungarian 
subsidiaries59 in 2022, with the Group-level international rollout slated for the end of 2024. The job framework 
defines  the  career  paths  offered  by  the  Banking  Group  to  its  employees.  Performance  management  and 
remuneration  are  linked  to  the  wage  brackets  aligned  to  the  career  levels.  The  standardised  system  of 
criteria resulted in a job structure which is  a lot simpler, more transparent and flexible than the structure it 
replaced. A new IT system supporting the system will also provide job maps, allowing employees to see the 
skills and competencies required for a particular position. In 2023, OTP Bank intro duced a uniform internal 
application  framework  across  the  company,  supporting  internal  job  rotation  and  transparent,  horizontal 
career paths. 

GRI 404: 3-3, 404-3 The Bank provides a review of development goals twice annually to all employees as 
part  of  the  performance  review,  defining  the  directions  for  personal  growth  and  discussing  development 
solutions. Among the subsidiary banks, this is fully implemented at the Serbian subsidiary bank, but only to 
a lesser extent at other member banks, resulting in 41 percent of employees receiving a career development 
review  at  the  group  level.  Men  and  women  are  almost  equally  represented  in  the  review,  while  by  job 
category, 56% of middle managers and 39% of employees are included. 60 

Talent programme 

We  have  developed  a  standardised  talent  development  framework  and  manager  succession  planning 
scheme. In 2023, we introduced international talent programmes as part of the OTP Academy framework.  

OTP Academy Framework 

OTP Academy provides an opportunity for uniform, comprehensive, and high-level knowledge acquisition at 
the Group level. The aim of the programme is to build a high-quality international professional community, 
in addition to promoting professional and personal development. Each academy is designed to  develop key 
skills  at  different  levels  of  proficiency.  However,  a  common  feature  is  that,  in  addition  to  knowledge 
development, they also develop skills based on practical application, experience exchange, feedback, and 
development. 

The main objective of the professional academies is to develop key skills for business success along key 
job families such as risk management, digitalisation or business development.  

Leadership academies aim to create an international, cross-organisational community of leaders. 

As part of the OTP Academy programme, we have introduced several leadership development programmes 
at the Group level. For more information on international leadership talent programmes, see  @chapter 5.5 
“Training and education” (Advanced Leadership Program and Executive Leadership Program).  

Performance review 

GRI  404:  3-3,  404-3  Employee  performance  is  assessed  by  the  members  of  the  OTP  Group  based  on 
different  methodologies.  Regular  feedback,  linked  to  individual  and  corporate  objectives  and  based  on 
objective  criteria,  is  fully  implemented  at  OTP  Bank  and  at  several  foreign  subsidiary  banks.  Defining 
development objectives and assessing competences is a subject of discussion between  the manager and 
the employee. The HR information system is used to set objectives and evaluate their achievement. The 
frequency  and  metrics  of  the  performance  evaluation  process  can  vary  by  area  (e.g.,  head  office,  sales, 

59 For Hungarian subsidiaries where this was justified by the headcount of employees and the group-wide impact, including Faktoring Zrt., Merkantil Zrt., 
Jelzálogbank Zrt. and Lakástakarék Zrt. 
60 OTP Bank Romania could not provide accurate data on the number of employees provided with career building overviews. Among to p managers the 
career building overview is, in most cases, no longer relevant, therefore no specific data on this are presented.  

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customer  service,  agile  organisations),  with  each  case  governed  by  specific  internal  regulations.  In  the 
engagement survey, 71% (2022: 66%) of OTP Bank employees indicated receiving meaningful recognition 
for their achievements. 

OTP Bank is gradually introducing OKRs (Objectives and Key Results), aiming to develop and support a 
management  feedback  culture,  in  addition  to  achieving  the  company’s  strategic  goals.  In  2023,  the 
objectives and leader evaluations of approximately 3,600 employees were based on this methodology. The 
novelty of the system is that, in addition to organisation-specific goals, we can also set horizontal indicators 
and goals. Thus in 2023, the individual organisations have also defined indicators related to the development 
of financial literacy, as well as the enhancement of digital knowledge and skills. 

More  than  95  percent  of  staff  in  the  Bulgarian,  Slovenian,  Serbian,  Albanian,  Ukrainian  and  Moldovan 
subsidiary  banks  abroad  received  regular  performance  evaluations. 61  At  the  group  level,  85  percent  of 
women and 75 percent of men received performance evaluations in 2023. Broken down by job categories, 
82% of senior managers, 87% of middle managers and 81% of employees received a performance rating.  

HR RS In 2023, the Croatian and Serbian subsidiary banks prepared separate training materials on giving 
and receiving feedback, aimed at developing both managerial and employee skills.  

5.4  Remuneration, rewarding of the employees 

Benefits 

GRI 405: 3-3, 2-19, 2-20, 401-2 OTP Bank’s Remuneration Policy is in line with SRD II – it covers the whole 
of  the  organisation  and  includes  a  description  of  the  decision  making  process  relating  to  determination, 
revision and implementation, including measures aimed at preventing or managing conflicts of interest, the 
role  of  the  Remuneration  Committee;  managers’  bonuses,  the  components  of  fixed  and  variable 
remuneration and the objectives for directors. The system of targets of foreign subsidiary managers  were 
fully revised and the targets were harmonised, for 2023. Sustainability considerations were also taken into 
account in the process (see @chapter 1). 

In line with legislative requirements and its engagement to equal opportunity, the OTP Group consistently 
employs the principle of ‘equal pay for equal work’, including ensuring gender equality. OTP Bank’s gender -
neutral remuneration policy declares that job-specific wage brackets are aligned with the level of positions 
and market practices in its wage setting strategy; regular wage audits control and ensure that no significant 
wage differences can emerge between the genders. OTP Group member companies typically provide the 
same benefits to full-time, part-time and fixed-term contract employees62. 

Members of OTP Group remunerate their employees at the rates customary in the market of the relevant 
country. Some of our employees’ pay is dependent on their measurable performance. Every Group member 
increased wages in 2023, by more than 5% in most cases. Nearly all members of the Banking Group also 
offer  fringe  benefits  to  their  employees.  OTP  Bank’s  remuneration  practice  differs  from  those  generally 
applied by other market participants in Hungary: in addition to the annual pay rising process enabling ba sic 
wages  to  be  regularly  adjusted,  the  average  bonuses  are  also  significantly  higher  than  the  usual  market 
rate.  The  renumeration  structure  of  the  Uzbek  Ipoteka  Bank  differs  from  the  Group’s  practice,  and 
harmonising it will be one of the tasks for the coming period. 

OTP Bank’s remuneration and incentive practices are closely linked to the newly introduced job framework. 
We operate a clear, consistent, transparent and equitable remuneration and incentive structure at all levels. 
Consultations and coordination with the trade union also take place in relation to remunerations.  

OTP Bank has had an employee stock ownership plan for years; it is used as a long -term incentive tool. At 
the end of 2023, 918 people were participating in the programme. 

RS In 2023, our Serbian subsidiary bank paid special attention to recognising and rewarding employees: it 
implemented wage increases among branch network employees, introduced a quarterly bonus as a regular 
form of remuneration, and applied annual performance-related salary adjustments. Additionally, it provided 
a flexible benefit (birthday leave) to employees on a trial basis.  

61 In Ipoteka Bank in Uzbekistan, the performance management system will be implemented in 2024.  
62 An exception is the practice of OTP Bank Russia, which provides part-time and fixed-term employees with life insurance, health protection, extra days 
off and other benefits only up to the level required by law, while full-time employees are entitled to these benefits. OTP Bank Albania provides the other 
benefits to full-time employees but not to part-time employees, and OTP Bank Serbia provides the health care benefit only to full-time employees. 

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GRI 405-2 Ratio of the basic salary of women to men, 31.12.2023 

Women 

OTP Bank 
DSK Bank 
OTP Bank Slovenia (SKB Bank + NKBM) 
OTP Bank Croatia 
OTP Bank Serbia 
OTP Bank Albania 
CKB 
Ipoteka Bank 
OTP Bank Russia 
OTP Bank Ukraine 
OTP Bank Romania 
OTP Bank Moldova 
OTP Group¹ 

¹ Average of the parent bank and the subsidiary banks. 

Men 

Senior 
managers 
100%  not interpretable 
92.1% 
100% 
100% 
99.8% 
100%  not interpretable 
92.0% 
100% 
81.8% 
100% 
100% 
78.2% 
100%  not interpretable 
100%  not interpretable 
103.1% 
100% 
88.8% 
100% 
94.8% 
100% 
92.6% 
100% 

Middle 
managers 
95.8% 
98.0% 
94.2% 
91.3% 
87.0% 
101.9% 
85.7% 
91.0% 
85.0% 
82.1% 
90.8% 
80.0% 
90.8% 

Employees 

Average 

98.5% 
94.4% 
98.1% 
96.6% 
84.0% 
92.4% 
87.2% 
95.0% 
84.0% 
92.9% 
93.3% 
72.6% 
92.4% 

98.2% 
94.5% 
98.2% 
96.3% 
84.0% 
94.1% 
86.9% 
94.0% 
84.0% 
92.4% 
93.3% 
74.2% 
92.2% 

GRI 405-2 Total benefits for women compared to men, 31.12.2023 

OTP Bank 
DSK Bank 
OTP Bank Slovenia (SKB Bank only) 
OTP Bank Croatia 
OTP Bank Serbia 
OTP Bank Albania 
CKB 
Ipoteka Bank 
OTP Bank Russia 
OTP Bank Ukraine 
OTP Bank Romania 
OTP Bank Moldova 
OTP Group¹ 

Men 

100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 

Senior managers 
not interpretable 
97.7% 
105.8% 
not interpretable 
86.0% 
81.0% 
70.8% 
not interpretable 
not interpretable 
102.2% 
N/A 
92.6% 
91.0% 

Women 
Middle managers 
93.4% 
98.8% 
98.0% 
84.6% 
85.0% 
96.5% 
87.3% 
91.0% 
87.0% 
76.0% 
N/A 
81.1% 
89.6% 

Employees 
97.8% 
89.8% 
99.7% 
88.2% 
83.0% 
85.5% 
92.7% 
95.0% 
92.0% 
96.3% 
N/A 
72.7% 
92.7% 

Average 
97.3% 
89.9% 
99.9% 
87.8% 
83.0% 
87.5% 
91.7% 
94.0% 
92.0% 
95.3% 
N/A 
74.4% 
92.4% 

¹ Average of the parent bank and the subsidiary banks. 

ME At the beginning of 2023, CKB introduced compensation for lower-paid categories of employees to keep 
wages  stable  in  the  face  of  inflationary  pressures.  A  uniform  17%  wage  increase  was  introduced  in  the 
second half of the year, and the budget for bonuses was also increased. 

UA In Ukraine, due to the crisis situation caused by the war, the subsidiary bank provided accommodation 
compensation for employees during the forced relocation in 2023, as well as financial support and salaries 
for mobilised employees, a significant wage increase and a company discount on health insurance.  

OTP Social Foundation 

In Hungary, the Foundation provides help to OTP Group employees, (including pensioner employees) and 
their families in crisis situations. One-off, long-term or in-kind assistance (including medical care or support 
by a psychologist) is granted based on applications. Besides crisis situations, the assistance may also be 
requested for camps or start-of-school expenses. 

5.5  Training and education 

GRI  404:  3-3,  404-2  In  2023,  the  Banking  Group  has  placed  a  strong  emphasis  on  leadership 
development and continues to offer a broad training portfolio to its staff. 

In 2023, the OTP Group spent more than HUF 4 billion on employee training. The average per capita training 
cost  nearly  doubled,  as  a  result  of  the  price  increases  and  the  intensive  trainings  for  m iddle  and  top 
managers. The average training time was  34 hours/employee.  Every single  employee of the OTP Group 
was provided with training. The parent bank provided the most training in 2023, with nearly 80 percent of 
employees attending training beyond the mandatory courses. 

Leadership development 

One of the most important goals of OTP Bank’s HR strategy is to support and develop its managers as they 
play a key role in maintaining the cohesion, and ensuring the effectiveness, of the organisational units an d 
in change management. 

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In 2023, we heavily focused on international leadership training. In the Executive Leadership Program, the 
Advanced Leadership Program and the Risk Leadership Program, in addition to leadership development, 
we placed a strong emphasis on collaborative project work and community building. 

•  OTP  Bank,  in  cooperation  with  INSEAD,  has  implemented  its  first  group-wide  Executive 
Leadership Program, with the participation of 30 middle managers from 12 countries. The aim of 
the programme is for high potential middle managers to develop the skills and knowledge they need 
to  reach  senior  management  positions.  The  training  gave  them  the  opportunity  to  work  on  real 
projects, build their network of contacts and learn from experienced leaders (mentor s). 

•  A  total  of  31  international  strategic  leaders  from  9  countries  participated  in  the  Advanced 
Leadership  Program.  As  part  of  the  9-month  programme,  participants  learned  from  world-class 
experts from London Business School and worked in teams on comprehensive, group-wide strategic 
development projects. Excellent solutions in the areas of customer experience, digital innovation, 
talent  management,  international  collaboration  and  leadership  development  were  developed  and 
presented at the International CEO Forum. The feasibility of projects is decided by the Executive 
Steering Committee of the parent bank. 

•  Also  in  2023,  the  Strategic  Risk  Leadership  Program  as  part  of  the  OTP  Risk  Academy 
international  leadership  development  programme  was  completed.  The  9-month  training  was 
attended  by  24  risk  managers  from  10  countries,  with  the  SEED  Executive  School  involved  in 
preparing  them  for  the  role  of  strategic  leader.  Participants  also  worked  in  teams  on  strategic 
programmes  for  banking  group  risk  management.  The  results  and  proposals  will  be  incorporated 
into the strategic planning of the area. 

The OTP Risk Academy, the first of its kind to be launched in 2023 among professional academies, is open 
to all employees working in risk management. More than 1,400 Bank ing Group employees have access to 
the  basic  module  focusing  on  professional  knowledge.  Digital  learning  (11  e -learning)  materials  and 
webinars, which are uniform on group-level, cover the main areas of risk management. By the end of the 
year, more than 60% of the colleagues concerned had completed the training. OTP Bank will continue to 
expand  its  professional  academies  in  2024,  including  the  Risk  Academy,  Collection  Academy,  Digital 
Academy and Retail Academy. 

ESG training 

In 2023, we created an ESG training course comprising five modules and targeting nearly 900 managers, 
with  the  inclusion  of  an  external  advisor.  Available  in  English  and  Hungarian,  the  training  covers  ESG 
fundamentals and legal background, business opportunities, risk management, employer responsibility and 
ESG governance. 

50 DSK Bank managers took part in a three-hour educational game on climate change, based on the IPCC 
reports. 

Comprehensive  leadership  development  continues  at  the  parent  company  headquarters,  with  regular 
forums, experiential learning and using the latest tools and methods. 

The Bank offers a targeted training portfolio for branch managers, geared to their specific challenges. The 
development  of  their  problem  solving  skills  is  facilitated  by  a  dedicated  platform  called  E DUardo  by 
simulating life-like situations, real-time feedback and interactive case studies. 

SI  In  2023,  the  Slovenian  Group’s  leadership  development  programme  also  covered  the  area  of  change 
management  to  develop  the  competences  of  leaders  to  successfully  manage  significant  organisational 
change. 

Professional training programmes and competence development 

Development  of  the  employees’  professional  expertise  is  one  of  the  most  important  tasks  at  all  group 
members. Participation in the professional and other training courses necessary for work performance (e.g. 
ethics, compliance, security, health and safety, environmental protection) is based on annual training plans. 
Training  plans  are  developed  with  the  inclusion  of  staff,  taking  into  account  the  results  of  performance 
reviews. 

Strengthening communication skills, cooperation skills and personal prod uctivity and supporting stress and 
change management, play a special role in trainings aimed at skills development. OTP Bank also provides 
self-development opportunities for its 500 employees by giving them access to different platforms (Udemy 
O’Reilly, Cloud Guru). 

In 2023, OTP Bank renewed its portfolio of leadership and employee skills development programmes. 45 
curricula  development  and  updates  (e.g.  basic  training  in  banking  curricula  are  reviewed  quarterly,  job 

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preparation materials annually, mandatory training courses, etc.). Satisfaction with training and education is 
above 9 according to the satisfaction measurement questionnaire.  

GRI 404: 3-3, 404-1 Annual training per employee, number of hours (2023) 

Senior manager 
Middle manager 
Employee 
Men 
Women 
2023 average 
2022 average 
2021 average 
2020 average 
2019 average 

OTP Bank 
61 
97 
77 
76 
81 
79 
80 
76 
74 
80 

OTP Group 
82 
62 
31 
34 
33 
34 
35 
47 
50 
50 

5.6  Safe and healthy working environment 

Work-life balance, employee well-being 

Psychosocial  risks  can  have  a  negative  impact  not  only  on  the  individual  but  also  on  the  whole 
organisation  and  the  efficiency  of  the  national  economy,  so  managing  them  effectively  is  an 
important task.  The  objective  of  the  HR  strategy focusing  on  employee  experience  is  to  ensure  a 
supportive workplace atmosphere; to this end, the OTP Group applies a number of practices making 
it possible for employees to achieve the best possible work-life balance and maintain mental health. 

GRI 405: 3-3 Atypical forms of employment, including part-time work, teleworking and working from home 
office, are possible for members of the Banking Group. Following previous practice, hybrid working (partly 
office work, partly home office work) was typically available to those in central jobs, to varying degrees from 
area to area. For OTP Bank employees, the proportion of working days spent in the home office was 17%, 
with an average of 28% in the central area and just over 1% in the network. In line with international trends, 
the  number  of  home  office  days  available  at  OTP  Bank  in  2023  was  two  days  per  week.  Changes  in 
Hungarian legislation have allowed parents with young children to have more flexible working conditions. 
Several subsidiary banks have made teleworking easier. 

BG  The  Bulgarian  subsidiary  provides  an  extra  two  days  of  paid  leave  or  employee  recreation  and 
regeneration, and teleworking was greatly simplified in 2023 based on employee feedback.  

HR OTP Bank Croatia rewards exceptional performance with extra day off  and has introduced teleworking 
for  more  than  1,800  employees.  They  also  allowed  for  so-called  “temporary  teleworking”  for  vulnerable 
groups and for exceptional and justified cases. 

The rate of extraordinary work in OTP Bank decreased compared to the previous year. The annual number 
of overtime hours per capita was 39.4 hours in 2023 (based on the number of overtime workers), 17.9% 
less than in 2022. The average number of hours of overtime worked per person was 19.1 hours.  

In the satisfaction survey, 70% (2022: 69%) of OTP Bank employees, 69% on Group level, found that the 
Bank treats employee well-being as a priority. We aim to continuously improve this value. 

OTP  Bank  also  conducted  a  separate  survey  on  satisfaction  with  welfare  services.  The  most  important  
welfare  services  for  employees  are  contributions  to  personal  health/pension  accounts,  private  health 
services,  bonus  holidays  and  employee  discounts  from  OTP  and  its  partner  companies.  The  survey  has 
shown that what is needed is not the introduction of new physical, mental, social or financial welfare services, 
but the simplification and efficiency of processes. So in 2023, we focused primarily on expanding existing 
services and making them easier to access and use. 

Under  a  health  insurance  contract,  OTP  Bank  financed  a  total  of  32,161  screening  tests  or  healthcare 
treatments  resulting  from  health  complaints  in  2023.  An  extended  screening  bus  service  has  become 
available to employees in the Hungarian branch network in the regions.  

Several members of the OTP Group provide their employees with healthcare services over and above what 
is  required  by  law,  including  health  insurance  and  screening  tests,  in  view  of  employee  needs  and 
requirements. Because of the high proportion of women in the workforce, the examinations that are important 
for them are in focus. In addition, in 2023, several new projects and measures related to work -life balance 
and employee well-being were implemented by the group members: 

BG  In  2023,  the  DSK  Group  launched  its  well-being  initiative  entitled  “Balance  Your  Life”,  providing  a 
platform  for  colleagues  to discuss  the  topic  and  organised  webinars.  Its  Wellness  Academy  continued  to 
focus on healthy living, exercise and medical consultations. 

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SI The well-being and health promotion programmes of Slovenian banks continued to be extensive in 2023. 
They  offered  office  exercise,  massage,  sports  club  programmes  and  health  awareness  webinars. 
Psychological  support  is  available  in  both  banks,  provided  by  an  outsourced  specialist  who  guarantees 
anonymity to employees. 

AL OTP Bank Albania has introduced several engagement programmes to promote work -life balance. Work-
life balance is also a theme of the new entrants’ orientation programme. The In4Change Workshop aims to 
develop  the  perceptions  and  feedback  of  employees  on  major  events  and  situations  in  their  work 
environment or in their personal lives. 

ME  The  main  elements  of  the  group’s  well-being  programme  include:  free  yoga  classes,  expert 
presentations  on  mental  health,  parenting,  healthy  eating,  exercise  and  topics  that  employees  think  are 
important. 

Family-friendly programmes 

Many of OTP Bank’s employee have small children or are preparing to have children. For years, the Bank 
has  been  providing  discounted  camping  opportunities  for  employees’  children  through  the  OTP  Social 
Foundation, and they can also apply for financial education camps organised by the OTP Fáy Foundation 
and for programming summer camps organised in association with the Association of Computer Managers. 
Our employees were also eligible to apply for a contribution to cover the costs of summer camps outside 
the Bank, with 777 children benefiting in 2023. In 2023, the Bank provided children’s daycare for 10 weeks 
during the school holidays at its headquarters. Each time, 17 children w ere supervised and a total of 620 
children  used  the  service.  The  Bank  has  increased  the  number  of  vouchers  issued  for  domestic  reward 
holidays and the number of summer camp tours. A total of 363 children attended the summer day camps, 
which lasted several days. 

Several  members  of  the  OTP  Group  offer  their  employees  the  opportunity  to  apply  for  start-of-school 
allowance, family support options (e.g. for the birth of a child or the funeral of a close relative) and company 
events  (e.g.  Family  Day,  Santa  Claus,  Children’s  Day  programmes)  in  which  family  members  can  also 
participate. 

In 2023, Elf Factories welcomed children were welcomed in 5 locations a cross the country. In addition to 
OTP Bank employees, employees of domestic subsidiaries and mothers with young children at home were 
also invited to the programme. 1,700 children spent happy hours with Santa Claus, made small gifts or took 
part in the concerts. 

Across the group, thousands of employees are on long term parental leave. 63 Parental leave is also available 
for fathers, but still few of them take advantage of it. 

GRI 401-3 Employees taking parental leave and employees returning, 31.12.2023 

Persons entitled to childcare leave 
Persons taking childcare leave 
Number of people returning to the company after childcare leave 
Percentage returning to the company after childcare leave 
Still employed 12 months after return (retention rate) 

(persons) 
(persons) 
(persons) 
(%) 
(%) 

OTP Bank 

OTP Group 

Men  Women  Men  Women 
7,664  
1,098   1,675  
4,104  
85  
1,184  
62  
63 
93 
68 
60 

45  
3  
2  
100 
0 

930  
292  
92 
96 

Stress management and individual support 

Own  indicator  -  The  OTP  Group  lays  particular  emphasis  on  preventing  and  eliminating  the  problems 
inherent  in  the  nature  of  its  operations  (e.g.  stress,  sitting  at  work).  Reducing  psychosocial  risks  and 
preventing their consequences for mental and physical health is an important task of health and safety at 
work. In order to identify and reduce psychosocial risks, stress management, burnout prevention training 
and online webinars are available for employees in the majority of member companies. In 2024 Q1, OTP 
Bank will launch a comprehensive survey to map these risks. Participation in the survey is voluntary.  

To overcome mental health difficulties, OTP Bank continued to provide support services for individuals and 
families in 2023. The Smart Hour webinar series continued.  Weekly presentations by external specialists 
discussing  typically  problems  relating  to  mental  health,  personal  development  and  various  common 
situations at work or in private life, and recommending solutions.  

63 Long-term childcare leave, which can be taken by both women and men, depending on local regulations. The definition does not cover  the short term 
parental leave introduced in Hungary in 2023. 

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For the first time, the Bank organised a Health Day with external professional partners. In addition to learning 
about healthy lifestyles and psychological factors, the hybrid event also provided participants with practical 
help in @bhc.hu and @meghallgatunnk.online experts on how to manage stress, get restful sleep and have 
a healthy diet. Each time, the presentations were attended by 30–50 people on the spot, but there was also 
a lot of interest online, so in the future the Health Day will be held every six months.  

Since 2020, Bank employees have had the opportunity to consult specialists of the  @meghallgatunk.online 
portal  (coaches,  psychologists,  mental  health  professionals)  free  of  charge.  Feedback  suggests  that  the 
service is useful and that more and more people are using this kind of help. From its launch unt il September 
2023,  more  than  2,000  counselling  sessions  were  held  to  deal  with  work  and  family  problems  or  health 
issues. In 2023, employees participated in 960 consultation sessions. In special cases (in 2023, there were 
several non-work-related deaths in the Bank), we held a series of group consultation to process grief. During 
the year, office massage, specifically tailored for office sedentary workers, was made available with the help 
of medical masseurs. 

HU RO MD OTP Bank and OTP Bank Romania have several hotels where 96 employees and their families 
(284 people) could stay at a discounted rate, while the top performers could stay for free. In addition to OTP 
Bank  and  OTP  Bank  Romania,  some  of  the  Hungarian  subsidiaries  and  employees  of  the  Moldovan 
subsidiary bank have the possibility to benefit from discounted rates at these hotels.  

Sports 

The  OTP  Group  encourage  its  employees  to  do  physical  exercise.  In  2023,  OTP  Bank  organised  its 
traditional  central  sports  day,  which  was  also  attended  by  the  employee s  of  the  Group’s  Hungarian 
members.  The  primary  objective  of  OTP  Bank’s  community  sports  application  scheme  is  to  encourage 
workplace  communities  (at  least  10  strong  teams)  to  engage  in  joint  sports  activities.  In  2023,  the  Bank 
increased the budget for the call for proposals, which resulted in more than 173 events, mobilising 6,135 
employees.  In  order  to  promote  sport,  sports-related  articles  were  regularly  published  on  the  internal 
communication platform and the Bank took over the registration fee for All YouCanMove and, to a limited 
extent, the entry fee for people doing individual sports. The bank’s sports clubs regularly organise  home 
championships, which are open to employees of subsidiaries as well.  

A  wide  range  of  sporting  opportunities  were  also  available  in  2023  among  member  companies.  These 
typically involved the organisation of sports days, the participation of company teams in sports competitions 
and the funding of sports clubs. 

RS The Serbian subsidiary organised an OTP All Star sports day with the participation of 500 people and 
supported the active participation of employees in local sports competitions (Business Run).  

AL The Albanian subsidiary held a volleyball and football tournament for the purposes of teambuilding.  

UA In Ukraine, a traditional sports day was organised and a running club is run. 

MD The mission of the CKB Mission Possible Team is to build a community of people working in different 
areas. In 2023, 300 people participated in activities such as hiking and boat trips.  

To  promote  physical  activity,  several  member  companies  run  or  make  available  exercise  and  fitness 
programmes for their employees. 

SI SKB Bank was awarded the WAC (Workplace Active Certification) certificate in 2023 for its achievements 
in 2022. The bank offers a variety of sports and clubs for recreational sports and competitions. In 2023, a 
Bankathlon sporting event was organised for the employees of the NKBM and SKB. The NKBM sports club 
also has a hiking section, which organised 8 mountain hikes in Slovenia in 2023.  

UZ The Uzbek subsidiary bank its employees the opportunity to exercise regularly in the fitness centre. A 
special fitness programme was offered for women. The trade union is actively involved in organising sporting 
events in the company, and twice a year it organises tourist trips to cities in Uzbekistan. 

RO The Body Awareness Program of OTP Bank Romania was established with a view to supporting sports, 
healthy eating and awareness; it contributed to the achievement of the objectives with a series of video s 
presenting sports exercises, mindfulness training and 3 sports camps. 

Occupational health and safety and accidents 

GRI  3-3  The  OTP  Group  makes  every  effort  to  maintain  safe  working  conditions.  The  low  number  and 
severity of accidents is proof of the effectiveness of these efforts. From an occupational health and safety 
perspective,  the  Banking  Group’s  employees  are  mainly  employed  in  low-risk  jobs,  the  framework  for 
occupational health and safety is regulated in accordance with local legislation and occupational health and 
safety activities are carried out in accordance with it. In 2023, OTP Bank’s Occupational Health and Safet y 

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Code  was  revised.  A  more  significant  change  is  that  the  scope  of  the  responsibilities  and  professional 
training of the person responsible for occupational health and safety has been specified due to the changes 
in the law on occupational health and safety, and the regulation has been amended to include printing and 
logistics activities; occupational health has been modified for certain jobs. The most important work and fire 
safety task in 2023 was the inauguration of the data centre, which is a priority a rea from a safety point of 
view. 

The  employees  of  the  Banking  Group  also  receive  regular  training  in  occupational  health  and  safety  in 
accordance with local legislation. OTP Bank employees participate in annual training, which goes beyond 
the expectations. Group-wide cooperation with the Hungarian subsidiaries has been strengthened, and the 
renewed e-learning material on occupational safety and fire prevention has also been shared.  

GRI  403-9  At  OTP  Bank,  the  rate  of  work-related  accidents64  increased  to  1.5  in  2023,  which  is  good 
compared to the national statistical average (4.4 to 5 accidents at work per 1,000 employees). For the OTP 
Group, the indicator remained unchanged from the previous year at 2.0 in 2023. Accidents were investigated 
in accordance with the relevant legislation. At Group level, accidents at work continue to be predominantly 
work-related,  occurring  in  the  Banking  Group’s  facilities,  while  walking  (falls,  slips)  or  during  manual 
materials handling. 

GRI 403-9 Work-related injuries 

OTP Bank 

OTP Group 

2020  2021  2022  2023  2020¹  2021  2022  2023 

Number of accidents² 
Accident rate² 
Number of high-consequence injuries 
Serious accident rate  

(pcs) 
(per 1 million hours worked) 
(pcs) 
(per 1 million hours worked) 

18 
22 
1.35  1.05 

0 
- 

0 
- 

9 
0.5 
0 
- 

16 
0.88 
0 
- 

42 
0.63 
1 
0.02 

85 
85 
77 
1.11  1.27  1.13 
6 
0.01  0.09  0.07 

5 

1 

¹ OTP Bank Ukraine was unable to provide data and is therefore not included in the projection base.   
² Accidents subject to reporting.  
The number of hours worked was 18,084,383 for OTP Bank and 75,368,421 for OTP Group in 2023. The data reporting  covers all employees. 

It is an important achievement at OTP Bank that still no accident occurred while employees worked from 
home,  just  as  there  were  no  accidents  involving  supervised  employees  or  persons  working  on  company 
premises either in 2023.65 External workers working at OTP Bank’s premises are provided, and familiarise 
themselves, with the occupational health and safety regulation upon the handover of the worksite and they 
are obliged to report any accident occurring at the premises.  

First aid 

In  the  summer  of  2023,  our  employees  successfully  provided  first  aid  on  several  occasions  after several 
cases of customers becoming unwell due to heatwaves. These cases highlight the crucial importance of first 
aid  training.  The  training  will  continue  in  2024  to  ensure  that  all  the  Bank’s  organisation  units  are  fully 
equipped with first aid personnel, further enhancing the safety of employees and customers.  

64 Number of work-related injuries per 1,000 employees 
65 Of the foreign subsidiaries, DSK Bank, OTP Bank Albania, and OTP Bank Moldova were unable to provide data.   

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6.  COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT 

6.1  Activities aimed at improving financial literacy 

This chapter describes the activities related to the following relevant topic: 

ST8: GRI 3-3 Strengthening of financial awareness in vulnerable groups 

Impact: Financial products and services may be highly complex – financial literacy is indispensable for one 
to understand such products and services, for making responsible and good financial decisions as well as 
for  accomplishing  one’s  objectives.  This  knowledge  is  harder  to  acquire  for  vulnerable  groups  (including 
young  people),  even  though  it  is  of  above-average  importance  for  them  in  creating  a  stable  financial 
background. The OTP Group has the knowledge to expand the knowledge of these groups.  

This material topic supports the achievement of the following SDGs: 

Engagement: The OTP Group is committed to the development of financial literacy, which is the focus of 
its community engagement. To reach target groups as widely and as effectively as possible, we are also 
working to promote financial awareness through our  own foundation and through partnerships with other 
organisations. We are constantly looking for ways to make our work more effective. The OTP Group strives 
to communicate clearly and understandably about its products and services and uses a number of tools to 
support understanding, which are described in @chapter 3.1. 

Objectives: 

Raising awareness of the future among people 
Deepening financial literacy and raising awareness 

Acts:   Running a wide range of financial education programmes through its own foundations  

Training programme for the socially disadvantaged 
Cooperation with NGOs, professional organisations and universities 
Encouraging volunteering in the development of financial literacy 

Stakeholder engagement/compliance: Extensive cooperation with NGOs and professional organisations, 
local communities, conducting research, involving employees and clients, requesting feedback on results 
and experiences, transparent communication on donation activities, publishing ESG strategic objectives. 

Details of the relevant thematic activities, their results and the evaluation of their effectiveness are presented 
on the following pages. 

For further information visit our @website. 

The OTP Group is a dedicated supporter of financial literacy across the region. Member companies 
are helping in many ways to ensure that today’s young people make informed financial decisions as 
tomorrow’s adults. 

In 2023, the OTP Group spent 23 percent more on the development of financial literacy within the scope of 
its donation activities compared to the previous year. The largest proportion of participants in train ing and 
programmes were from the OC training programmes. 

FN-CB-240a.4, Own indicator -  Information on the development of financial literacy, OTP Group, 2023 

Number of participants in the company’s own and the OK training programmes 
Number of participants in trainings implemented in cooperation with other organisations 
Donation for the development of financial literacy 
Sponsorship for the development of financial literacy 

49,054 persons 
10,409 persons 
HUF 1,176 million 
HUF 167 million 

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OTP Fáy András Foundation 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

OTP Bank is primarily active in the development of financial literacy in Hungary through the OTP Fáy András 
Foundation. The foundation’s mission is to raise awareness of the future among people. It provides free of 
charge  training  mainly  for  primary  and  secondary  school  students  and  young  adults  in  economic  and 
financial education, career and vocational orientation and sustainability topics, supplemented by social skills 
development.  In  addition  to  the  practice-oriented,  experience-based  in-person  and  digital  training,  the 
Foundation’s activities increasingly focus on awareness-raising and attitude-shaping educational activities 
for the general public. 

In  2023,  the  Foundation  has  further  increased  the  number  of  students  regarding  in -person  and  digital 
education: 

•  More than 37,000 persons took part in training sessions, an increase of 27 percent in a year. The 
result is due to the expansion of the range of partners in public education and at universities, the 
extension  of  cooperation,  the  development  of  e-learning  courses  and  the  popularity  of  in-person 
training. 

•  The number of participants in adult education almost tripled, while the number of those involved in 
training programmes for young people increased by 14 percent. The number of peop le completing 
e-learning modules for young people has increased by almost a quarter. The youth courses continue 
to be mostly attended by secondary school students. 

FN-CB-240a.4 Number of participants in training programmes in 2023 (No. of persons) 
Training programmes for young people (No. of persons) 

In-person training 

Digital training 

Total  

In-person training 

Digital training 

Total trainings 

Participants of 24 different courses 
 of which disadvantaged participants 
those taking 43 different streamed learning materials 
 of which disadvantaged participants  
those taking 37 different 45-minute e-learning materials 
 of which disadvantaged participants 

Adult education programmes (persons) 

2 types of training 
 of which disadvantaged participants 
3 types of e-learning training 
 of which disadvantaged participants 

13,139 
606 
6,377 
641 
12,568 
659 
32,084 

1,253 
166 
3,780 
78 
5,033 

Disadvantaged  participants:  students:  participants  in  the  organization  of  civil  organizations  dealing  with  young  people,  those  coming  from  regions 
disadvantaged by law, as well as the teacher's statement on the number of officially registered disadvantaged students in his  class in youth training. 
Adults: people from disadvantaged regions defined by law. 

At the end of 2023, the Foundation’s training portfolio consisted of more than 100 training materials, two 
thirds of which were in digital format. The number of live streamed interactive training courses and e -learning 
materials  for  youth  and  adults  has  increased  significantly.  In  2023,  the  focus  was  on  reviewing  and 
qualitatively transforming the training portfolio, preceded by extensive testing. The methodological, thematic 
and visual renewal of the  entire secondary school portfolio was launched, incorpor ating Finnish teaching 
methodology and good practices. At the same time, adult education programmes have been fine -tuned. 

In 2023, all three of the Foundation’s adult learning materials will be available to university partners. 

•  The  Modern  Entrepreneurship  online  course  on  starting  and  running  a  business  in  blended 
learning66 format was launched as a stand-alone subject in the first semester of the ELTE 2023/24 
academic year. 

•  The  Financial  Awareness,  Career  Planning  –  Decisions  and  Consequences  competency 
development training was offered as a separate module at the University of Nyíregyháza and the 
Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences in 2023. 

•  The Financial Basics Programme for young adults, in e-learning format, has been integrated into 
the  curricula  of  several  universities  (Hungarian  University  of  Agricultural  and  Life  Sciences, 
University of Nyíregyháza, Pannon University and Budapest Business School). 

In total, 148 public education institutions became partners of the Foundation during the  year. Based on a 
new  concept,  the  network  of  model  and  partner  schools  of  the  OTP  Fáy  András  Foundation  was 
established, which opened up the possibility of wider cooperation (curriculum testing, market research, joint 
events,  charity  initiatives,  etc.).  The  number  of  model  schools  has  been  increased  to  four,  including  the 

66 Blended learning is a form of education that combines elements of online learning and traditional classroom teaching . 

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ELTE Radnóti Miklós Teacher Training School, the leader in the ranking of national schools. In addition, the 
Foundation has signed partnership agreements with 19 primary and secondary sch ools. 

In  the  area  of  adult  education,  the  network  of  university  and  vocational  training  partners  has  been 
expanded and cooperation deepened. The Foundation established strategic partnerships with 8 universities 
and students from 11 vocational training centres participated in adult education courses in 2023. Through 
relations  with  universities,  joint  research,  curriculum  development,  hosting  interns  and  methodological 
presentations have also been carried out. 

In order to further reach young adults, the Financial Basics Programme was also taught at the Jesuit Roma 
College, and workshops and interactive presentations were given by representatives of the Foundation at 
the GEN Z Festival. The event was organised for the first time in 2023 with the aim of providin g Generation 
Z  with  information  and  opportunities  in  the  areas  of  financial  awareness,  career  development  and  home 
purchases. 

In  addition  to  students  and  young  adults,  teachers  remain  an  important  training  target  group  for  the 
Foundation. The teacher training programme organised jointly with Eötvös Loránd University continued in 
2023. 

In addition to educational programmes, the Foundation also held awareness -raising and educational events 
and communication programmes: 

•  The  OTP  Fáy  Educational  Innovation  Award  aims  to  recognise  and  promote  outstanding  and 
innovative  practices  in  the  field  of  educational  tools  and  methodologies.  Almost  300  applications 
were received in the three categories announced. The Grand Prize winner was Redmenta Edutech 
Kft. with their AI-based content creation application.  In addition to the net prize of HUF 5 million, 
they also received patent, legal, financial-investment and communications support. 

•  The  Foundation  organised  a  professional  conference  entitled  “Education  in  the  Future  – 
Competences  for  the  Future”  for  leaders  in  public  education,  higher  education  and  the  labour 
market. 

•  The  “Fáy  Fröccs”  podcast  series  has  been  launched.  The  discussions  aim  to  raise  public 
awareness  of  financial  awareness  and  future  awareness.  In  2023,  the  guests  were  Judit  Polgár 
(chess  player  and  school  curriculum  developer)  and  Katica  Nagy  (actress  and  sustainability 
influencer). 

•  The  Foundation’s  staff  organised  awareness-raising  activities  at  events  and  festivals.  For  five 
weeks, education camps were held for primary and secondary school students in Budapest and in 
the countryside. In 2023, for the first time, financial training sess ions were held at the programming 
camp  of  the  Hungarian  Association  of  Lead  IT-Managers  and  at  the  “FunWeek”  camp  of  the 
Hungarian  Association  of  the  Deaf  and  Hard  of  Hearing.  They  organised  a  financial  quiz  in  the 
framework  of  the  Jászberény  Book  Thursday  programme,  presented  interactive  workshops  and 
playful exercises on vocational guidance at the Nyíregyháza SzakMAfest, and on sustainability at 
the Climate Heroes conference organised by UNICEF. 

In their professional work, the OK Training Centres in Romania and Moldova draw on methodologies proven 
in  Hungary  and  they  shall  similarly  develop  strategic  partnerships  with  prominent  actors  in  the  field  of 
education: NGOs, educational institutions and teacher communities. Their training and programmes reached 
1,822 persons in Romania and 9,400 persons in Moldova. 

RO The popular free training programmes of the OTP Bank Romania Foundation continued in 2023:  

• 
• 

• 

young adults (687) were provided training through the Financial Fitness training programme,  
startAware,  a  vocational  orientation  programme  for  secondary  school  students,  was  held  with  45 
participants, 
the Education Programme in Miercurea Ciuc provided experiential financial education to 640 local 
secondary school students. 

They  also  launched  a  podcast series called  the  Light  Financial  Podcast  with  Itsy  Bitsy  Radio  to  promote 
financial literacy to a wider audience. 

MD In three and a half years of operation, the OK Foundation in Moldova has  become a local reference 
centre for financial education. During European Money Week and Savings Week, the Foundation’s financial 
experts  gave  presentations  and  workshops.  A  dedicated  financial  management  training  programme  for 
SMEs  was  held.  During  the  six-week  free  training,  entrepreneurs  learned  how  to  plan  their  finances 
effectively,  analyse  their  financial  performance,  manage  financial  risks  and  make  responsible  financial 
decisions. Since the programme started, more than 500 Moldovan SMEs have participated in the training.  

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Collaboration in financial education 

Several  banks  of  the  OTP  Group  joined  the  local  implementation  of  Global  Money  Week  and  European 
Money Week. In Hungary, the Hungarian Banking Association and the Foundation for Financial Awareness 
(Pénziránytű  Alapítvány)  organised  the  event  for  the  ninth  time  under  the  na me  of  PÉNZ7  [European 
Money  Week].  114  OTP  Bank  employees  mainly  gave  presentations  in  the  programme  aimed  to  raise 
financial awareness. OTP Bank experts accounted for more than a fifth of the volunteers joining the national 
programme, twice as many as a year earlier. There was a huge interest in the European Money Week, with 
145,000 students from more than 1,100 schools taking part in around 12,000 lessons. 

BG HR RS AL UZ UA MD 

BG Lectures were also given to students in Bulgaria, where financial fraud was the main topic of the initiative. 

HR Employees of the Croatian subsidiary organised several financial workshops for primary and secondary 
school  students  in  Pula  and  Zadar.  In  addition,  on  the  occasion  of  World  Money  Day,  financial  fraud 
prevention was highlighted to the graduating students of the Zadar School of Economics and Business, who 
also worked on the project “Protect your money”. 

RS On the occasion of the European Money Week, the Serbian subsidiary held workshops for students of 
two faculties of the University of Belgrade and launched a post-series of financial education content on its 
social media pages. 

AL The Albanian subsidiary held training sessions in cooperation with the Albanian Banking Association. 
OTP Bank Albania also sponsored the “Take care of your money and build your future” programme element 
and the related video making competition. 

UZ  Ipoteka  Bank  staff  from  Uzbekistan  also  held  financial  lectures  and  training  sessions  in  17  primary 
schools, with a total of 425 students attending. 

UA The Ukrainian subsidiary implemented three programmes during 2023 in cooperation with the National 
Bank of Ukraine. It has joined the “Savings Week” initiative to improve financial literacy among Ukrainian 
children. He was also a major sponsor of the “Digital Finance for All” marathon initiative. In addition to the 
financial support, its staff gave lectures and workshops on “Financial protection. Bankers’ Profession” on 
the basics of digital finance and secure digital banking. 

The results of the OTP Self-Provision Index67 show that the financial literacy of the Hungarian population 
is still generally weak, going back many years. Survey 2023 shows Hungarian people are talking more and 
more about self-provision, but not taking the necessary steps to create a stable financial situation. The main 
average of the index remained at 37 points after the rise in 2022. Several factors are behind this, including 
the uncertain economic environment and fears regarding the future. Fou r out of 10 respondents have no 
savings  at  all,  and  a significant  proportion  of  the  population  think  that  although  their  financial  situation  is 
stable, it is a challenge for them to save. 11 percent of the survey participants have pension savings and 
only 32 percent plan to save for their future retirement – despite the growing lack of confidence in the state 
pension scheme. 

OTP Bank joined the roundtable discussion “Every little item counts – Managing finances smarter in the 21st 
century”  held  in  the  framework  of  the  Brain  Bar  event.  Participants  in  the  discussion  explored  the 
relationship  with  the  future,  conscious  finance,  the  psychological  mechanisms  that  inhibit  it  and  possible 
solutions with participation of the audience. 

Financial education of socially disadvantaged groups 

One of the most important objectives of the OTP Fáy András Foundation was to promote the inclusion of 
socially  disadvantaged  people  regarding  financial  awareness.  In  2023,  three  times  as  many  students 
(2,15068  persons)  from  difficult  circumstances  participated  in  the  Foundation’s  training  as  in  the  previous 
year – 61 percent of them opted for digital training. 

The  exploratory  research,  launched  in  2022  to  develop  a  specific,  tailor -made  training  programme,  was 
completed  in  2023,  leading  to  the  identification  of  the  themes,  effective  training  formats  and  relevant 
platforms. 

67 OTP Bank has been conducting surveys for over a decade now to explore the Hungarian population’s self -provision habits and behaviour and their 
responses to various economic situations, on a sample of 1,500 18–70 years old bank account holders. 
68  The scope of disadvantaged students  is  defined as: those coming from youth NGOs, those from disadvantaged regions as defined by law   and, in 
training programmes for young people, a declaration by the teacher of the number of officially registered disadvantaged st udents in his/her class. 

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The  Foundation  continued  to  work  with  partner  organisations  to  deliver  specific,  tailor -made  training 
sessions: 

•  With the Szent Ágota Child Protection  Service, training sessions were held for young people over 17 
years of age who are about to become independent and young adults in aftercare, to help them make 
informed decisions about the use of financial resources that will become available once they bec ome of 
age. 
In  addition  to  the  financial  education  camp  organised  for  the  mentors  of  the  Csányi  Foundation,  the 
Parents’ Academy programme continued, with playful financial awareness training sessions for students 
and their parents in Kaposvár, Jászberény and Szeged. 

• 

•  The Fáy Forum continued, focusing on creating opportunities for children in difficult circumstances, their 
development and motivation. The results of a survey among students aged 12 –16 and their teachers 
were also presented on socially disadvantaged students’ attitudes to learning, their vision of the future, 
their attitude to money management and their media consumption habits. The presentation was followed 
by a panel discussion where practitioners exchanged views on the topic. 

BG DSK is committed to supporting SOS Children’s Villages, as part of which they have launched online 
financial training courses. Bank staff regularly share their knowledge and experience with SOS young adults 
and provide them with financial advice. 

UZ In the framework of the “Women in Business” project, Ipoteka Bank, in partnership with the Business 
Women Association, organised training sessions for women to help them find their way in the financial world 
and become successful entrepreneurs. 

6.2  Community engagement 

The  OTP  Group  is  an  active  member  of  local  communities.  A  dominant  market  share  in  multiple 
countries entails responsibility as well: the resulting tasks include reduction of social inequalities, 
contribution  to  creating  opportunities  and  giving  answers  to  current  local  challenges.  The  entire 
OTP  Group  pays  particular  attention  to  alleviating  social  hardship,  ensuring  sustainability  and 
volunteering. 

The  support  provided  by  OTP  Bank  has  for  years  been  steadily  focused  –  besides  the  development  of 
financial literacy – on 

• 
• 
• 

creating opportunities: helping the disadvantaged and those in need,  
supporting culture and the arts: creating and preserving value,  
sports. 

The OTP Bank subsidiaries make their own decisions on which local causes and initiatives they  support or 
sponsor  and  how  they  engage  their  stakeholders  in  those.  Subsidiaries  draw  on  their  own  expertise  and 
resources to meet local needs. A common feature of the flagship projects is measurability and cooperation 
with organisations. OTP Bank typically supports long-established social and regional cultural projects and 
participates  in  long  term  cooperation  arrangements,  overarching  decades  in  cases,  which  facilitate  real 
impacts and predictability. 

In 2023, the OTP Group spent HUF 5 billion on donations, which is 27 percent more than in the previous 
year.  The  Group  spent  the  most  on  financial  education,  which  accounted  for  23  percent  of  donations, 
followed by social sector, which accounted for one fifth of donations. The dramatic increase in environment al 
aid is due to the HUF 840 million pledged to mitigate the natural damage caused by the Slovenian floods. 
The cash contribution represented 99 percent of the value of the grants. 69 

69 There is no complete data available on the value of supports in kind, so does not reflect their real value.  

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BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

In 2023, there were three areas of OTP Bank’s community engagement activities that should be highlighted 
in addition to the above: 

•  humanitarian aid, 
• 
• 

the success of the OTP Donation Platform, i.e. our work to deepen the culture of micro -donations, 
the voluntary community engagement of our staff. 

Providing assistance in a crisis 

The OTP Group represents a culture of cooperation and assistance. The Banking Group responds 
sensitively to humanitarian emergencies and natural disasters, working with other organisations to 
respond quickly and effectively to crisis situations. Unfortunately, this has been necessary several 
times in recent years. 

In crisis situations, the Banking Group provides immediate donations, typically in cash and in kind, to support 
those in need and also helps with recovery efforts. 

SI The members of the OTP Group, the Slovenian NKBM, SKB Bank and OTP Bank have provided a t otal 
of EUR 2.2 million (~ HUF 840 million) in aid to the victims of the natural disaster of floods and landslides in 
Slovenia.  The  funding  was  allocated  to  voluntary  organisations  such  as  the  Slovenian  Red  Cross,  the 
Slovenian Mountain Rescue Association and the Slovenian Firefighters Association, which were the first to 
provide assistance. 18 employees of SKB  Bank were directly affected, receiving immediate solidarity aid 
from the Slovenian bank. The Slovenian bank also set up community channels to encour age material and 
in-kind assistance between employees within the bank. To help the victims of the natural disaster, the two 
subsidiary  banks  also  offered  special  services,  including  preferential  loans  for  the  affected  population, 
special loans for corporate clients and free of charge transfers to the accounts of humanitarian organisations. 

UA In the summer of 2023, the dam at the Kakhovka Hydroelectric Power Plant in Ukraine was destroyed 
during  the  war  in  Ukraine.  The  consequences  of  the  dam  bursting  were  catastrophic,  endangering  the 
population of the region and causing serious water shortages as the central water supply was cut off. To 
mitigate the damage caused by the broken dam, a humanitarian donation programme was launched within 
OTP Bank with the Humanity Social Foundation70. A total of 25,000 bottles of mineral water were donated 
to the population from a fundraising campaign organised among OTP Bank employees, worth approximately 
HUF 4.5 million. To accommodate Ukrainian families who fled to Hungary because of the Ukrainian-Russian 
war, OTP Life Annuity offered another apartment, the furnishing of which was contributed to by the Humanity 

70 OTP Bank exercises founder’s rights over the Foundation. 

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197 

311,692279956    822,11234079352    566292583619611    595323611647666    9561,171    9581,176    1,8079921,0182988    1,9631,0611,075116198    452615220525726    4687132761,5341,063    2490129126    14613336190185    58382137127140    876585226360516    2123586979    30256173866    05001,0001,5002,0002,5003,0003,5004,0004,5005,0005,5002019202020212022202320192020202120222023OTP BankOTP GroupHUF millionDonations by OTP Bank and OTP Grouphealthcareculturefinancial educationother training and educationsociallocal communitiessportsenvironmental protectionIn the years 2019 to 2021 the financial education and other training and education categories were recorded together. 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

Social Foundation. With their support, an emergency ambulance was equipped with medical devices for the 
Arcadia Clinical Sanatorium of the Ukrainian State Border Guard Service. 

The Russian-Ukrainian war has also increased the number and value of social and health subsidies provided 
by  the  Ukrainian  subsidiary  bank.  In  2023,  one  of  the  most  important  projects  was  the  su pport  of  the 
Superhumans Center, where wounded Ukrainians are provided assistance, rehabilitation and prostheses. 
They also raised money for people in need of prostheses by organising charity fairs.  

HU In Hungary in 2023, the most damage was caused by violent summer storms due to increasingly extreme 
weather. OTP Bank donated HUF 10 million to Jánoshida, which suffered serious damage, to cover the cost 
of storm damage restoration works. 

Developing a culture of donation 

OTP  Bank  makes  efforts  –  through  its  services  and  electronic  channels,  and  by  involving  its 
employees – to make donation, as an internal motive and practice, become part of everyday life.  

The Bank will continue to offer the opportunity to donate micro-donations of HUF 100-200-500 through its 
digital  banking  channels  and  ATMs  in  order  to  promote  the  culture  of  donation.  In  2023,  customers  and 
employees offered a total of HUF 270 million in donations to 9 social organisations helping people in need 
on the donation platform. The success of the programme is proven by the fact that the amount of donations 
increases year on year. The organisations supported are recognised for their activities and the grants help 
to improve the living conditions of disadvantaged people and to strengthen co mmunities. At the @website 
of OTP Bank’s micro-donation programme, a list of supported organisations and a detailed description of 
their programmes can be found. 

Names of organisations sponsored in 2023 
Amigos for Children 
Szent Ferenc Hospital of Budapest 
“Hintalovon” Children’s Rights Foundation 
InDaHouse Hungary Association 
“Kaptár” Day Care Centre 
Hungarian Maltese Charity Service 
Hungarian National Association of the Blind and Visually 
Impaired 
International Children’s Safety Service 

International Children’s Safety Service 
“RÉS” Social and Cultural Foundation 

Use of aid 
Supporting sick children 
Recovery of heart and lung transplant patients 
Responsible adults for the protection of children 
Developing disadvantaged children 
Accessible bus for young people with special needs 
Kommandó – Rebuilding burnt houses 
Guide dog training 

Mobile dental clinic for the screening of disadvantaged 
children 
Support for sick children in need 
Upgrading shelters for women and families in crisis 

Two subsidiary banks continue to facilitate regular and small amount donations:  

BG The Bulgarian bank’s DSK Helps! platform, launched in 2022, will provide an opportunity to donate. The 
projects supported on the platform are focused on four main areas under the Bank’s CSR policy:  children 
and education, nature conservation, arts (including their “City as Its People” development project to improve 
the urban environment), employee engagement and volunteering.  

HR  OTP  Bank  Croatia  has  continued  its  joint  programme  with  Mastercard,  “Round  up!”,  which  allows 
customers to round up the total amount of their purchases. The difference will be provided to the chosen 
charity organisation. In the 4 years since its launch, EUR 800,000 (~HUF 300 million) has been donated to 
children’s wards in 8 hospitals in Croatia, with contributions from 18,000 customers. In the 2023 campaign, 
the children’s wards of Zadar Hospital and Osijek Clinical Hospital Centre benefited from the HUF 80 million 
donation. 

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Volunteering by our staff 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

Volunteering is a  tradition for most members of the OTP Group. We encourage initiatives and are 
happy to contribute to the efforts of our staff. 

Almost  all  subsidiaries  organise  corporate  volunteering  activities  or  create  opportunities  to  join.  At  group 
level, 10 percent of employees are engaged in volunteer activities. 

OTP Bank’s OTP Local Value internal voluntary application programme was successfully implemented again 
in 2023. This time, 71 volunteer teams won a grant of HUF 200,000 to help a number of instituti ons, local 
communities and their surroundings. The teams were able to manage a total of HUF 14.2 million and the 
1,267 volunteer colleagues provided support to nearly 19,595 people in need. In 2023, the Bank extended 
the  tender  opportunity  to  a  significant  number  of  its  Hungarian  subsidiaries.  The  Humanity  Foundation 
continued to support the teams as a mentor. 

The employees of OTP Bank collected donations of money and goods for the Hegyközi Elementary School 
and its four other member schools and their students as part of the donation campaign launched on Family 
Day. Thanks to staff donations, the campaign raised HUF 1.1 million, which was doubled by the Bank. The 
money was used to improve the school’s infrastructure. 

This year, the year-end fundraising campaign addressing employees raised a record HUF 3.5 million, which 
was matched by the Bank and the Humanity Social Foundation with a further HUF 4 million. Thanks to the 
initiative, 150 disadvantaged families received a donation package of durable food, and t hree kindergartens 
received various toys, development tools and kindergarten supplies.  

The  number  of  voluntary  initiatives  among  Hungarian  subsidiaries  has  increased.  Many  of  them  have 
provided additional help to organisations supported by the company in t his way. Staff have mainly helped 
disadvantaged and sick children through fundraising and supported schools through their work.  

OTP Bank and most of the Group companies have a long tradition of blood donation, one of the most selfless 
forms of volunteering. Every year, more than a thousand bank employees sign up to donate blood to support 
uninterrupted blood supply. OTP Bank joins the Bank Blood Donors Week every year, as it did in 2023.  

HR The Croatian subsidiary is one of the main sponsors of the “Croatia Volunteers” movement, which was 
announced for the 13th time in 2023. Bank staff in six cities collected donations of food and hygiene products 
for the Red Cross. They have also contributed to two building renovations and helped 350 disadvantaged 
children start school. 

RO During 2023, the Romanian subsidiary bank participated in 8 volunteer campaigns in partnership with 
charities,  specifically  supporting  poor  children  in  disadvantaged  communities.  They  have  helped 
disadvantaged schools with painting and planting activities in the EduPlant programme, filled backpacks for 
poor children starting school in their “Hátizsák” [Backpack] programme, provided books and furniture for a 
school library, and ran a sustainable clothing donation campaign.  

Voluntary activity performance indicators, 2023 

Participants 

Time spent doing voluntary activity 
Number of blood donors 

of, 

number of 
percentage 
headcount (%) 
hours 
persons 

relative 

to 

total 

OTP Bank 
1,177 

OTP Group 
4,222 

11.1 

9,416 
1,852 

10.0 

14,025 
2,621 

In  2023,  OTP  Bank  announced  the  Responsible  for  Each  Other  Award  with  a  renewed  content  and 
approach. One of the prizes awarded at the year-end OTP Gala is the award, which has been given since 
2016  to  the  teams  that  have  been  most  active  and  versatile  in  implementing  social  and  environmental 
responsibility programmes. An important change in the content of the award was that each team could apply 
with  a  single,  comprehensive,  long-term  project.  The  award  was  given  to  the  staff  of  the  Document 
Management  Services  Department,  who  are  regular  and  dedicated  supporters  of  Bethesda  Children’s 
Hospital. Their exemplary project was built on their expertise: they developed a new professional registration 
system for hospital X-rays, and also separated industrial silver in X-rays for recycling. 

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Priority grants, programmes 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

HU Thanks to the support of OTP Bank, the Children’s Safety Service’s dental screening bus was able to 
continue its work in 2023, during which it screened more than 3,300 children free of charge. The  donation 
of HUF 50 million was used to renovate the bus and purchase equipment for screenings. The bus visited 
more than 11 locations across the country, including communities where dental care is difficult for children 
to access. 

BG DSK Bank has been partnering with SOS Children’s Villages in Bulgaria for 12 years. During this period, 
424 children and young people in SOS families and homes were helped through corporate donations and 
donations made available through the ATM network and the Bank’s online banking service. A further 469 
young  people  were  supported  through  the  “Start  of  Independent  Life”  and  “Pathways  to  Freedom” 
programmes, and a further 3,900 children received support through the SOS Counselling Centres and the 
“Family Support and Separation Prevention” project. 

HR  In  2023,  the  Croatian  subsidiary’s  donation  programme  was  again  open  to  organisations  in  the 
categories  of  youth,  education  and  science,  culture,  historical  and  traditional  heritage,  environment, 
humanitarian projects and sports. On this occasion, the jury selected 34 projects. Over the past twelve years, 
it has helped to deliver more than 500 projects of value to the development of communities and society as 
a whole. 

OTP Class Grant 

In  2023,  OTP  Bank  launched  the  OTP  Class  Grant  for  the  first  time,  with  the  aim  of  supporting  school 
communities  in addition to raising financial awareness. Fifth grade classes could enter their  ideas in two 
categories  –  community  development  and  cleaning  up  the  classroom  or  the  school  environment.  Around 
300 entries were received in the form of a 2–3 minute creative video and a budget plan was also required 
for entering  the competition.  In addition  to the  four classes,  each of  which received  a cash  prize of  HUF 
500,000, two OTP Fáy special winners were also announced, who were given the opportunity to participate 
in a half-day practical financial training course at the Budapest Zoo. The winners used the prize money for 
a class trip to Prague, sign language training and a trip with hearing-impaired children, as well as to improve 
the school yard and buy sports equipment and replace cabinets in changing rooms.  

Sponsoring of sports 

OTP  Bank  is  a  committed  supporter  of  Hungarian  football,  especially  youth  football.  The  OTP  Bozsik 
Institutional  Programme  contributes  to  the  education  of  young  players  in  Hungarian  football.  The 
2023/2024 season saw an increase of more than 10 percent in the number of registered players, which also 
means that this was the highest number of school football players (135,796) in the history of the programme. 
Girls accounted for 28 percent of the players, up 13 percent in a year to 38,646. In 2023, 15 percent more 
clubs joined the Bozsik programme than in 2022. 70 percent of the newly involved associations operates  in 
disadvantaged municipalities. 

SI RS The OTP Group is a key sponsor of the national Olympic team in several countries, including Slovenia 
and Serbia, in addition to Hungary. 

MD OTP Bank Moldova is also committed to the development of football and youth football development. 
With their support, hundreds of children can once again do sports at the Zimbru Football Academy. In 2023, 
the bank sponsored members of the Moldovan Paralympic Team who represented the country at the Tokyo 
Paralympics Games. The grant was used to cover travel and other expenses of the athletes.  

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7.  ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MEASURES 

Information  and  data  relating  to  environmental  protection  are,  in  accordance  with  the  Accounting  Act, 
presented separately. The direct environmental impacts of the operations of the Banking Group, as well as 
the Group’s awareness raising activities, are described in this chapter. The environmental risks relati ng to 
the provision of financial services are managed and the relevant environmental opportunities are utilised in 
the  framework  of  the  ESG  strategy,  therefore  these  activities  are  discussed  in  the  chapters  of  the  Non -
Financial Statement. 

This chapter describes the activities related to the following relevant topic: 

GRI 3-3: 305 Greenhouse gas emissions from operations 

Impacts:  The  operational  functioning  of  OTP  Group  requires  the  use  of  natural  resources  and  energy, 
however, the resulting environmental impact is significantly lesser than the indirect impacts associated with 
the  provision  of  financial  services.  Among  the  environmental  impacts  of  our  operations,  greenhouse  gas 
(GHG) emissions have been identified as a key sustainability topic, but we are also  working to mitigate our 
impacts  beyond  it.  Emissions  exacerbate  climate  change  and  damage  natural  resources.  Reducing 
emissions will help fight climate change. The practices of the Banking Group also have an awareness raising 
impact  in  the  segment  of  environmental  protection  and  the  promotion  of  environmental  awareness  in  its 
operations is a major element of the regional leading role undertaken by the Group in relation to the green 
transition. 

This material topic supports the achievement of the following SDGs: 

Engagement: Our objective is to reduce the environmental impact of our operations. We are committed to 
the  efficient  use  of  resources,  carbon-neutral  operations  and  economy.  Encouraging  environmentally 
responsible  behaviour  in  society  through  our  employees  and  customers.  We  report  transparently  on  the 
environmental impacts stemming from our operations, focusing on energy consumption and GHG emissions. 
Group members set targets to achieve carbon neutrality. 

Acts:   Reporting on the environmental impacts of the Group’s operation 

Energy efficiency investment projects 
Purchase of green electricity, use of renewable energy sources 
Reducing paper use through digitalisation; using recycled paper 
Rationalising business travel 
Improving waste management 
Awareness-raising activities 

Stakeholder  cooperation:  We  work  with  service  providers  and  NGOs  to  implement  environmentally 
responsible practices. We do a lot to raise the awareness of our customers and our employees.  

Details of the relevant thematic activities, their results and the evaluation of their effectiveness are presented 
on the following pages. 

For our basic principles concerning environmental protection and the fundamentals of our practices, please 
visit our @website. 

OTP Bank’s ESG strategy has set a target of full carbon neutrality by 2030 for Scope 1 –2 emissions, with 
the  net  carbon  neutrality  target  achieved  in  2023.  In  2022  the  subsidiary  banks  set  themselves  goals 
concerning  environmental  protection  as  well  in  relation  to  their  operations  under  their  respective  ESG 
strategies, focusing primarily on energy consumption, carbon dioxide emission and pa per use. 

SI RO RS ME Slovenian SKB has set a target of net carbon neutrality for Scope 1–2 emissions by 2023, 
the Romanian subsidiary by 2025 and the Serbian subsidiary by 2027. CKB is expected to become carbon 
neutral by 2035.  

GRI 2-13 Environmental protection at OTP Bank is regulated by the Environmental Policy. Environmental 
policies are in place at some of the subsidiary banks. OTP Bank prepares annual internal reports on the 
environmental impact of its operation, for approval by the manager in charge  of this function. To enhance 

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BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

knowledge relating to the performance of work, along with general knowledge, every OTP Bank employee 
is provided with environmental training once every two years. 

Energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission 

GRI 305: 3-3, TCFD IV.C Even with the two major acquisitions  – Ipoteka Bank and NKBM – OTP Group’s 
energy  consumption  did  not  increase  drastically,  as  several  members  of  the  Banking  Group  significantly 
reduced  their  energy  consumption  (by  up  to  10–20  percent).  Consumption  decreased  most  in  relation  to 
heating  (mainly  natural  gas  and  district  heating),  while  consumption  related  to  car  use  increased  and 
electricity  usage  decreased  to  a  lesser  extent  at  the  member  companies.  OTP  Bank’s  total  energy 
consumption decreased by almost 10 percent compared to 2022, again largely due to the use of heating 
fuels. 

At the Group level, the reduction in consumption was driven by the savings measures implemented, which, 
in addition to environmental considerations, were also encouraged by the  significant price increase in 2022 
and a milder winter. In several cases, consumption was moderated by timers during the period of non -use, 
and  changes  in  the  property  portfolio  and  moves  also  affected  consumption  trends.  Some  of  the  team 
members educated colleagues on the functioning of the office heating and ventilation system and how to 
set the temperature correctly. 

The  fact  that  the  OTP  Group  continuously  carries  out  renovations  and  modernisations  at  both  its  central 
buildings  and  in  its  branch  network  also  reduces  consumption,  and  improving  energy  efficiency  is  an 
important aspect of investment projects. In 2023, the modernisation of heating systems, the widest possible 
use of LED lighting and the installation of additional motion sensors were again the most common types of 
energy  efficiency  investments.  Two  subsidiary  banks  carried  out  energy  efficiency  audits.  Duri ng  the 
replacement of air conditioning units we make sure that the new units use environment -friendly coolants. 

BG 14 buildings of DSK Bank have been energy audited and issued with energy efficiency certificates. The 
subsidiary bank also carried out a major heating upgrade and introduced a building management system in 
6 buildings. 

SI SKB Bank in Slovenia carried out energy audits at 16 locations, including its headquarters. According to 
the  results,  lighting  replacements  and  other  investments  will  be  imple mented.  An  energy  efficiency 
monitoring system has been installed at NKBM. 

RS The Serbian subsidiary has replaced its old air conditioners with devices using environmentally friendly 
refrigerants.  The  bank  increased  the  number  of  areas  with  LED  lighting  by   30  percent  compared  to  the 
previous year and installed motion sensors in toilets. 

By means of the 2023 projects aimed at improving energy efficiency and at using renewable energy OTP 
Bank saved a total of 2,058 GJ energy. The entire OTP Group saved 7,745  GJ. 

The Banking Group is also expanding its own  renewable energy power plants, with significant new solar 
capacity installed in 2023. At Group level, our systems generated a total of 3,330 GJ of solar energy, 64 
percent more than in 2022. OTP Bank’s heat pump production decreased significantly because the archives 
using geothermal energy moved to another site. 

BG In 2023, a solar PV system with a capacity of 201 kW was installed on the 3 buildings of DSK Bank. 

HR The Croatian bank installed solar panels at two sites in 2023, with a capacity of 48 kW. The HEP Opskrba 
service provider uses the green electricity surcharge on energy efficiency improving renovations of social 
institutions, including schools, pre-schools, kindergartens and old people’s homes. 

RS The Serbian subsidiary bank has also installed solar panels on one of its buildings.  

UZ Bank Ipoteka has installed 849 kW of solar panels on its headquarters’ building and at its branches. By 
continuing to invest, the bank expects a 30 percent reduction in electricity consumption. 

The energy consumption of the OTP Group71 in 2023 was 1,107 thousand GJ, practically the same as in the 
previous year. Electricity accounts for around half of the Banking Group’s energy consumption, so increasing 
green  electricity  procurement  reduces  carbon  emissions.  In  2023,  OTP  Bank,  the  two  Slovenian 
subsidiaries, OTP Bank Croatia, OTP Bank Serbia and OTP Bank Romania also used predominantly green 
electricity (green electricity procurement cannot be fully implemented for leased areas) 72. 

71 Direct and indirect energy consumption. 
72 Green electricity procurement is not available in all countries where the Banking Group operates.   

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BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

Natural gas 
Mineral vehicle fuels 
Other non-renewable fuel 
Total non-renewable fuel sources 
Biogenic vehicle fuels 
Total renewable fuel sources 
Electricity 
Green electricity (GO) 2 
District heating 
Total indirect energy purchased 
Self-generated renewable energy 
Total energy consumption3 
Total energy consumption per employee4 
Share of renewable energy 

GRI 305: 3-3, 302-1 Energy consumption within the organisation (GJ) – OTP Bank 
2019 
65,594 
31,829 
156 
97,579 
- 
0 
129,442 
N/A 
21,584 
151,026 
2,005 
250,610 
28.14 
N/A 

2021 
71,219 
31,741 
585 
103,545 
2,247 
2,247 
126,112 
N/A 
25,970 
152,082 
5,141 
263,014 
26.73 
N/A 

2020¹ 
63,827 
29,444 
152 
93,423 
1,360 
1,360 
127,537 
N/A 
24,244 
151,781 
5,166 
251,730 
26.75 
N/A 

2022 
62,539 
34,651 
3,501 
100,691 
2,615 
2,615 
139,205 
N/A 
22,371 
161,575 
4,053 
268,934 
26.17 
N/A 

2023 
50,066 
37,253 
2,711 
90,030 
2,821 
2,821 
4,614 
128,181 
18,597 
151,392 
1,312 
245,555 
23.19 
54% 

¹ Also includes the consumption of the former Monicomp and eBIZ.  
2 Purchases of green electricity certified by guarantee of origin (GO) will be indicated separately.  
3 Deviates slightly from the figures in the Annual Report up to 2021 because the finalised consumption data were received at a  later date. 
4 In 2019 based on statistical headcount, from 2020 based on average full -time staff numbers. 
The energy consumption data are derived from metering; solar energy and part of the heat pump energy is estimated based on manufacturer information 
in  the  absence  of  a  meter.  Where  necessary,  we  used  the  calorific  values  taken  from  the  National  Inventory  Report  (NIR)  from  2022  onwards,  and 
previously the EU regulation and DEFRA values, to convert the consumed quantities into energy.  

Natural gas 
Mineral vehicle fuels 
Other non-renewable fuel 
Total non-renewable fuel sources 
Biogenic vehicle fuels 
Renewable fuel 
Total renewable fuel sources 
Electricity 
Green electricity (GO) 4 
District heating 
Total indirect energy purchased 
Self-generated renewable energy 
Total energy consumption 
Total energy consumption per employee 
Share of renewable energy 

GRI 305: 3-3, 302-1 Energy consumption within the organisation (GJ) – OTP Group 
2023 
243,745 
140,895 
57,078 
441,719 
6,290 
0 
6,290 
317,182 
227,349 
111,108 
655,639 
3,395 
1,107,043 
25.58 
21% 

2022² 
272,624 
132,183 
53,281 
458,088 
7,576 
0 
7,576 
525,411 
N/A 
94,875 
620,286 
5,056 
1,091,006 
29.22 
N/A 

2021² 
308,237 
113,153³ 
31,327 
452,717 
5,583³ 
0 
5,583 
507,376 
N/A 
112,036³ 
619,411 
5,923 
1,083,635 
27.49 
N/A 

2020¹ 
134,738 
79,248 
1,054 
215,040 
1,949 
134 
2,083 
438,810 
N/A 
86,514 
525,034 
6,855 
749,302 
20.27 
N/A 

2019 
143,139 
99,801 
2,194 
245,134 
- 
134 
134 
404,040 
N/A 
87,5745 
491,614 
6,563 
743,445 
20.37 
N/A 

¹ Consumption of former Expressbank and OTP banka Srbija a.d. Beograd is reflected in the data from this date.  
² Full consolidated corporate circle. 
³ In 2022 corrected data owing to calculation error, the Banking Group’s total energy consumption is 0.7% higher than the fig ure published earlier. 
4 Purchases of green electricity certified by guarantee of origin (GO) are reported separately from 2023.  
5 The district heating figure of OTP Bank Russia is an actual measured figure, significantly above the estimated consumption of  prior years. 
The energy consumption data originate primarily from metering, in the case of certain minor consumptions they come from calculations; so me of the 
solar energy and the heat pump energy is estimated based on information from the manufacturer. Wherever necessary, the a mounts consumed were 
converted  into  energy  from  the  year  2022  on  the  basis  of  calorific  values  taken  from  the  National  Inventory  Report  (NIR)  and  on  the  basis  of  the 
EMEP/EEA guide. Earlier we used values from EU regulations and DEFRA.  
The table shows the consumption of companies acquired in 2023, during the year, for the full year 2023, in line with the recommendations of the G HG 
Protocol. 

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GRI 305: 3-3, 305-1, 305-2, TCFD IV.b OTP Group’s Scope 1 and Scope 2 CO2e emission (t) 

Direct (Scope 1) 
by vehicles 
from natural gas consumption 
from air conditioners 2 
other non-renewable energy 

Indirect (Scope 2) 
Indirect location-based 
from electricity 
from district heating 
Indirect market-based 
from electricity 
from district heating 

Total (Scope 1 + 2) location-based 
Total (Scope 1 + 2) market-based 
Total (Scope 1 + 2) with carbon offset 
Per employee (regional) 
Per employee (market-based) 
Per employee (with offset) 
Emissions intensity per turnover (per 
million HUF, market) 
Biogenic emissions4 

OTP Bank 
2021 

2022 

2023 

2019  2020 1 
2023 
2018 
6,779   6,078   6,548   6,670   6,005   14,564   18,594   15,282   29,583   29,680   31,270  
2,272   2,123   2,280   2,521   2,706   6,938   7,204   5,738   8,2533  
9,752   10,324  
3,686   3,587   4,003   3,515   2,814   6,053   8,044   7,572   17,323   15,269   13,627  
1,708   3,310  
2,951   4,009  

1,536   3,140   1,892  
80 
206 

1,838  
2,170  

811 
10 

308 
177 

358 
10 

228 
37 

420 
214 

2021 

2022 

2019 

37 

OTP Group 
2020 

981 

874 

874 

1,102   1,004  

3,048   3,935   3,904   5,1583  

835 
8,640   8,350   8,369   1,005   1,110  
410 
7,766   7,369   7,286  
701 
1,083  
981 

10,786   9,883   9,904   11,496   11,648   45,130   47,947   52,711   56,935   56,035   62,385  
9,912   8,902   8,802   10,491   10,813   42,082   44,012   48,807   51,778   51,601   56,356  
4,434   6,029  
N/A  47,334   53,196   58,5623    44,021   39,379  
N/A  43,399   49,292   53,103   39,442   33,356  
4,578   6,024  
N/A 
17,565   15,961   16,452   18,165   17,653   59,694   66,541   67,993   86,5193   85,715   93,655  
N/A  65,928   68,478   88,1463   73,701   70,649  
15,419   14,428   14,917   7,675   7,115  
N/A  65,928   68,478   87,785   66,701   60,874  
485 
15,419   14,428   14,917  
2.16 
1.72 
1.67 
1.67 
1.63 
N/A 
0.67 
1.52 
1.41 
N/A 
0.05 
1.52 

3,935   3,904   5,4593  

675 
1.77 
0.75 
0.07 

2.19 
2.24 
2.24 

1.97 
N/A 
N/A 

1.84 
1.85 
1.85 

1.7 
1.53 
1.53 

2.30 
1.97 
1.79 

1.82 
N/A 
N/A 

166 
839 

N/A 

 - 

N/A 

97 

N/A 

0.014  0.012  

N/A 

N/A 

161 

187 

202 

1 

1 

N/A 

140 

N/A 

399 

0.044  0.032  

539 

539 

1 Also includes the consumption of the former Monicomp and eBIZ.  
2 Headcount-proportionate estimate based on the figures from the OTP Group’s member companies that supplied accurate data.  
3 Data corrected ex-post due to a calculation error, total issuance of the Banking Group is 0.4 percent higher than previously published.  
4 From 2020 it includes renewable-based vehicle fuel emissions. 
The emissions intensity per turnover is reported from 2022.  

The  figures  shown  are  calculated  from  energy  consumption,  in  all  cases  based  on  the  applicable  statutory  regulations  and  the  factors  stipulated  by 
authorities and industry organisations (National Inventory Reports (NIR), IPCC, DEFRA, EU Regulation, AIB, IFI, and data from  suppliers for electricity 
and  district  heating).  For  Scope  1  emissions,  country-specific  factors  are  applied  subject  to  availability  from  2022.  We  calculate  electricity -related 
emissions using country-specific factors. For district heating use, from 2020 onwards we use the Hungarian,  Slovenian and Croatian factors, and for all 
other countries, we uniformly use the data published by DEFRA, while in previous years we used the Hungarian emission factors , except for Ukraine, 
Russia and Serbia, in the absence of other reliable data.  

Scope1 emissions and, in 2022 and 2023, even district heating cover all GHG emissions. For Scope 2 emissions, the previous years of  district heating 
in Hungary and electricity factors only cover CO2. For the emission factors used, we do not have information on t he GWP values considered in each 
and every case. 

To offset its 2023 Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions, OTP Bank purchased carbon credits in 2023, thereby 
preventing the emission of 7,600 tonnes of carbon emissions during the year. The 2023 emission values 
were determined in advance, with offsets higher than  emissions. The credits purchased are retired credits 
verified as per Verra (VER). The Bank considers it essential that the project supported through offsetting is 
located in the country of operation of the Banking Group, and has again opted for a project i n Bulgaria, which 
was  implemented  at  the  Saint  Nikola  Wind  Farm,  the  largest  wind  farm  in  the  country,  near  the  town  of 
Kavarna. 

SI Slovenia’s SKB Bank has also offset its Scope 1-2 emissions, purchasing 2,175 tonnes of carbon credits 
in 2023, also in the Sant Nikola Wind Farm project. 

Business travel 
Paper use 

TCFD IV.b The OTP Group’s other indirect (Scope 3)CO2e emissions (t), 20231 

OTP Bank 
991 
592 

OTP Group 
1,963 
2,655 

1 Includes only emissions arising from our operations; their presentation is partial only. Our goal is to expand the scope cove red continuously. 
The values are calculated from factors stipulated by the authorities and industry organisations.  
As for the Banking Group’s Scope3 emissions the emissions linked to lending are the most significant. The calculation of further emissio ns under 
Scope3 is expanded subject to resource capacities. 

Travel 

GRI 305: 3-3 The level of business travel varied across the Banking Group, with car use increasing for some 
companies and decreasing significantly for some businesses. The total mileage increased by 9 percent and 
13 percent year-on-year at the parent bank and across the group, respectively. The increase was partly due 
to  new  group  members.  While  online  meetings  remain  a  dominant  part  of  liaising,  with  the  end  of  the 
coronavirus pandemic, face-to-face meetings have become more frequent again. 

The maximum carbon emission limits for car purchases at Banking Group level remained unchanged during 
the year. Among the cars to choose from there are hybrid or electric vehicles in all categories. At OTP Bank, 
38 hybrid vehicles were purchased during the year, while the fleet of electric and hybrid cars at the subsidiary 
banks increased minimally. 

In addition to company cars, our employees also use their own personal cars for business travel in certain 
cases (not for commuting to work), and they also order taxi services. At OTP Bank, travelling by taxi and 

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personal  vehicles  amounted  to  about  2.4  million  kilometres;  at  Group  level  this  value  was  7.8  million 73 
kilometres. 

At  Group  level,  there  was  again  a  significant  increase  in  the  number  of  trips  by  air.  Our  employees  took 
around 9,800 trips74, nearly 30 percent of which were connected to OTP Bank. There were also a significant 
number of trips at DSK Bank and the Russian subsidiary. 

Since OTP Bank and its subsidiaries find it  important to enable employees and customers to access the 
workplace  by  alternative  transportation  means,  several  head  office  buildings  and  branches  are  equipped 
with bicycle storage at Group level. The establishment of branches typically requires the approval of local 
governments, which makes implementation more difficult. Bicycle storages are available at 60 percent of 
the branches of OTP Bank for employees and for customers. During the year, the number of bicycle storage 
facilities at the Ukrainian subsidiary’s headquarters was increased and a shower facility was installed. The 
Serbian and Russian subsidiaries have also set up bicycle storage facilities. A shower was also installed at 
the Russian bank’s headquarters. 

Paper use 

We are constantly working on cutting our paper use. The steadily increasing range of electronically available 
services also reduces paper consumption. In addition, the digitalisation of the bank’s internal processes is 
ongoing. At the same time, the paper-based administration demanded by legal requirements inhibits in many 
cases the further reduction of printing in Hungary and in other countries.  

The share of electronic account statements also showed an increasing trend in 2023. We also encourage 
their use through the conditions and fees of the application. The majority of OTP Bank customers (83 percent 
of retail clients and almost half of large corporate customers) do not receive paper-based statements, which 
is a noticeable increase over the previous year. At the Bulgarian subsidiary nearly all of our customers are 
provided  with  electronic  statements,  while  e-statements  are  used  exclusively  at  the  Moldavian  and  the 
Ukrainian subsidiary. Three quarters of customers now receive an e-statement at the Serbian subsidiary, 
and 40 percent at the Croatian bank. At both Slovenian banks, 98 percent of corporate customers receive 
electronic statements, compared to almost 70 percent of retail customers at NKBM and 80 percent at SKB 
Bank. At the Montenegrin subsidiary electronic account statements are used in more than 50% of the cases 
among corporate customers. The Albanian, Montenegrin, Russian and Romanian subsidiaries a lso have a 
significant number of e-statements, but the exact number by 2023 is not known. 

At the Group level, office paper use decreased minimally in 2023, which, taking acquisitions into account, 
represents an average decrease of 10 percent for the rest of the Group. The NKBM uses a minimum amount 
of paper for its size. At OTP Bank, we were able to reduce consumption by 11 percent. Further savings are 
expected from the electronic replacement of internal transport processes, with pilot operations launched a t 
the end of 2023. The parent bank used 47 percent recycled paper in office paper use and 31 percent in total 
paper  use.  In  Hungary,  we  use  FSC-certified  paper  even  in  the  case  of  account  statements,  marketing 
publications and envelopes, while we use recycled FSC paper for producing DM letters. The internal printing 
activity  of  OTP  Bank  is  FSC-certified  until  2025.  All  personal  hygiene  products  used  at  OTP  Bank  are 
exclusively ECO Label products. Some smaller domestic subsidiaries use exclusively recycled p aper. 

HR  RO  In  2023,  our  Croatian  and  Romanian  subsidiary  banks  covered  a  small  part  of  their  office  paper 
needs with recycled paper. The Croatian subsidiary uses FSC and PEFC certified paper.  

RS Our Serbian subsidiary uses FSC-certified and ECF (Elemental Chlorine Free) paper. 

SI Both NKBM and SKB Bank have been using PEFC certified products for several years. 

At group level, the share of recycled paper was the same as in the previous year, 13 percent for office and 
9 percent for total use. 

Environmentally conscious use and waste management 

OTP  Bank  follows  the  principle  of  using  all  of  its  equipment,  devices  and  machines  for  the  longest  time 
reasonably possible. Furniture is reused several times and we ensure the compatibility of replacements.  

BG RS UA RO At OTP Bank, DSK Bank, OTP Bank Serbia and OTP Bank Romania it is common practice 
to donate no longer used but still functional furniture and IT equipment (primarily computers and laptops). 

73 The Russian subsidiary bank was unable to provide data on own car use, the Montenegrin, Uzbek and NKBM subsidiar ies were unable to provide 
data on taxi use, and some Hungarian subsidiaries were unable to provide any of those data.   
74 One-way trip.  

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In 2023, OTP Bank Ukraine also donated nearly 300 assets. At group level, a t otal of 731 no longer used 
computers were donated to charity. 

BG SI HR RS ME RO MD  Our subsidiaries in Bulgaria, Croatia, Serbia, Slovenia, Romania, Montenegro 
and Moldova have used toner refills for several years to reduce toner and ink cartridge waste.  

OTP Group materials and procurement highlights 

Number of computers (laptops + PCs) 

Weight of ink cartridges and toners used 
Amount of office paper 
Amount of paper used for document sorting 
and packaging 
Amount of indirectly used paper 2 

(thousand 
units) 
(t) 
(t) 

(t) 

(t) 

1 Partly estimate: prorated based on actual data 
2 E.g. marketing publications, account statements 
3 Predominantly the consumption of the former Monicomp. 

OTP Bank 

OTP Group 

2019  2020  2021  2022  2023  2019  2020  2021  2022  2023 

18 

19 

19 

19 

18 

511 

571 

651 

651 

71 

8 
699 

6 
478 

4 
398 

5 
397 

351 

4 

32 
354  2.350  1.795  1.751  1.552  1.517 

341 

371 

351 

58 

75 

90 

98 

26 

117 

153 

829  1.105 

842 

7  5843 

491 

558 

313 

631 

903 

732 

897 

704 

Waste collection remains unchanged in 2023. All members of OTP Group collect and treat hazardous waste 
and paper containing business secrets selectively, in compliance with the relevant legal requireme nts. The 
other than confidential paper waste, plastic and metal waste, are selectively collected by the group members 
to varying degrees. In Moldova, non-confidential paper waste is collected separately. In OTP Bank’s central 
office  buildings  and  at  the  Croatian  and  the  Romanian  subsidiaries  non-confidential  paper  waste,  PET 
bottles, metal packaging materials and glass are selectively collected. The Serbian subsidiary collects its 
paper waste selectively, both in its head office building and at its branches . SKB Bank selects communal 
waste, including biodegradable food waste, as completely separately as possible. Our Albanian subsidiary 
collects paper waste comprehensively; this practice has been implemented at our Montenegrin subsidiary 
in the case of the head office building and the archives. There is selective waste collection in the head office 
building of our Ukrainian subsidiary and the Sofia and Varna sites of our Bulgarian subsidiary.  

Quantity of selectively collected waste 

OTP Bank 

809  1,120 

2019  2020  2021  2022  2023 
938 
729 

2023 
1,350 
(t) 
(kg)  7,929  2,203  4,607  8,807  6,142  12,613  5,810  10,685  29,426  13,187 
5,917 
(t) 

N/A  2,766  2,963  3,148  3,111 

2019  2020 
1,323  1,450 

2022 
1,244 

5,636 

N/A 

880 

N/A 

N/A 

OTP Group 
2021 
1,091 

Separately collected waste paper (t) 
Separately collected PET bottles, plastic 
Municipal waste 

Attitude-shaping 

The members of the Banking Group have launched numerous programmes, awareness -raising campaigns 
and involved employees to promote environmental awareness and the protection of natural values. 

Green Challenge idea contest 

OTP Bank has launched the Green Challenge idea contest among its employees. To start the competition, 
we launched a series of articles on six topics on the intranet. We  rewarded the employees who answered 
the quiz questions at the end of each article the fastest. 

For  the  idea  contest,  we  were  looking  for  applications  that  support  the  reduction  of  the  Bank’s  carbon 
footprint and can be easily implemented in everyday practice. The challenge was met with great interest, 
with 136 ideas submitted, four of which will be implemented: 

Installation of MOL-Bubi stations around OTP offices, 
Green Plate Programme to promote more sustainable dietary habits, 
the digitalisation of business travel settlements, 
special prize for the idea with the greatest impact: minimising standby power consumption.  

As a result of the popularity of the competition, we  will be launching a permanent sustainability idea  box 
starting from 2024. 

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OTP Bank was also one of the partners of the Green Friday initiative, launched jointly by MasterCard and 
several  organisations  to  raise  awareness  about  conscious  spending  and  lifestyle.  Throughout  the 
programme, dedicated microsites and social media platforms featured awareness-raising articles and tips 
to promote a greener Christmas. 

In 2023, the Bank continued its campaign with Mastercard in the Priceless Planet Coalition, which aims to 
mitigate the adverse effects of climate change by planting 100 million trees over five years. In 2023, OTP 
Bank enabled the planting of 75 thousand trees. 

BG  DSK  Bank,  in  partnership  with  Mastercard  and  the  Sofia  Zoo,  launched  a  new  interactive  game  that 
teaches young people about the importance of biodiversity and ways to protect natural habitats. In addition 
to the game, free downloadable educational materials are available for teachers, educational organisations 
and students. Together with Mastercard, the subsidiary bank supported the “Five Lit tle Corners” initiative, a 
unique urban art installation and events that raise awareness of biodiversity and environmental protection. 
The series of events took place in Sofia for a month. 

The  subsidiary  bank  supports  the  “Real  Honey”  initiative  under  the  “Adopt  a  beehive”  programme.  The 
support is linked to the opening of a new corporate account, helping happy bee-keeping and Bulgarian bee-
keepers.  Customers  will  receive  a  certificate  and  Bulgarian  honey  for  their  contribution.  The  Bank’s 
employees also participated in a tree planting project in the Balchik Botanical Garden and in Sofia, planting 
more than 50 trees. 

SI The NKBM has also organised an ideas competition among its staff, inviting initatives on ESG issues. 18 
ideas  were  received  for  the  competition,  several  of  which  have  started  to  be  implemented.  The  Bank’s 
employees planted 250 trees in the Karst region to help repair damage caused by forest fires. SKB Bank 
has launched a challenge to clean its employees’ living environment on Earth Day. 

Both Slovenian banks participated in the European Mobility Week initiative, encouraging people to cycle to 
work. There is also a beehive on the roof of both banks’ headquarters, which is maintained by staff.  

HR The bank provided e-learning training on environmental awareness for its staff, which was completed 
by 69 percent of the employees. The Board of Directors of the subsidiary bank has approved the decision 
that  all  the  Bank’s  bank  cards  will  be  made  of  PLA  (plant-derived  biodegradable)  material.  The  bank  is 
involved  in  the  “Migration  in  the  Light”  bird  monitoring  project,  using  equipment  installed  on  the  central 
building to record the sounds and movements of birds to detect the effects of light pollution. In 2023, the 
subsidiary  bank  also  supported  Ekotlon,  Croatia’s  largest  plogging  (litter  picking)  race.  More  than  300 
runners participated in the event. The registration fees were used for sponsorship this year again, for sports 
associations of disabed persons. 

RS  The  Serbian  subsidiary  has  established  the  so-called  OTP  Village  as  a  venue  for  environmental 
programmes. Employees and their children had the opportunity to attend an event on bees, and workshops 
on  ecological  challenges  and  solutions  were  organised  for  the  employees.  The  subsidiary  bank  also 
organised  an  environmental  drawing  competition  for  children.  The  employees  also  took  part  in  voluntary 
waste collection and tree planting activities. 

AL At the Albanian bank, a “Green Hearts” team of volunteers was formed during 2023, with members taking 
part in litter picking and tree planting initiatives. The bank also donated 20 trees to the city of Tirana.  

ME Employees of a Montenegrin subsidiary bank planted trees in Podgorica and the bank is supporting an 
environmental project for students at one of the largest secondary schools in Podgorica. 

UK Our Ukrainian subsidiary continued the ‘Surrender your Batteries!’ campaign, in the framework of which 
used batteries and accumulators collected nationwide are shipped to a Romanian recycling plant.  

MD The Moldovan subsidiary bank supported the rehabilitation of trees in the Chisinau Botanical Garden 
through the inclusion of its employees. 

Tree planting in Uzbekistan 

The Uzbek subsidiary planted an outstanding number of trees (45,680 trees), helping to  sequester carbon 
dioxide and clean the air. Trees neutralise an average of 502 tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions per year, 
as  well  as  sequestering  significant  amounts  of  air  pollutants,  contributing  to  climate  improvement,  noise 
protection and soil conservation. The planting is equivalent to nearly 30 hectares of forest. 

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SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

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METHODOLOGICAL  NOTE:  CHANGE  IN  THE  SEGMENTATION  OF  OTP  CORE  AND  CORPORATE 
CENTRE 

According the decision of the management, starting from 2023 the segmentation of the Hungarian operation has been 
changed.  

The previously applied old methodology was outlined on page 53 of the Half-Year Financial Report for 2010, pursuant to 
which the core business activity in Hungary was segmented into OTP Core, whereas Corporate Centre was carved out 
of the sub-consolidated financial statements of entities making up OTP Core. Thus, Corporate Centre acted as a separate 
virtual entity established by the equity investment of OTP Core for managing the wholesale financing activity for all the 
subsidiaries within OTP Group but outside OTP Core. 

According to the new methodology, starting from 1Q 2023 Corporate Centre is no longer carved out of the OTP Core 
segment. One reason for this change was the simplification of the stock exchange reporting structure and the reduction 
of the segments. Secondly, as a result of this change the balance sheet and P&L impact of capital market instruments 
issued  in  the last few quarters  will  be  captured  in  the  OTP  Core  section,  which  includes  a  written analytical chapter. 
According to the old methodology those capital market instruments issued by OTP Bank were presented on the liability 
side  of  Corporate  Centre,  whereas  the  already  executed  and  future  expected  transactions  were  required  partly  for 
regulatory reasons, i.e. in order to comply with the consolidated MREL minimum requirements. In line with the Single 
Point of Entry approach used by the Bank, the consolidated MREL requirement has to be met by instruments issued and 
held by OTP Bank (Hungary). Furthermore, with this change the stock exchange reports adopt the segmentation used 
in internal reports prepared for the management, as Corporate Center ceased to exist in those internal reports, too.  

Under the new methodology, certain intragroup loans and deposits that are recognised within loans and liabilities from 
accounting point of view, are shifted to financial assets and financial liabilities lines in the adjusted balance sheet of OTP 
Core.  Thus,  loan  and  deposit  volumes  presented  under  the  OTP  Core  segment  reflect  the  underlying  business 
developments. 

For the sake of transparency, in the report’s affected tables the 2022 base periods are presented both under the old 
(grey columns marked ’as previously reported’) and new (’restated’) methodology.  

In the below tables we highlight the main financial data of OTP Core and Corporate Centre that were affected by this 
methodological change. 

OTP CORE 

Main components of the Statement of recognised income  

After tax profit without received dividend 

After tax profit 

Adjusted profit after tax 

Profit before tax 

Operating profit 
Total income 

Net interest income 

Operating expenses 

Corporate income tax 

Indicators (adjusted) 

ROE 
ROA 

Operating profit margin 
Total income margin 
Net interest margin 
Net fee and commission margin 
Net other non-interest income margin 

Operating costs to total assets ratio 
Cost/income ratio 

Effective tax rate 

Main components of balance sheet  
(closing balances) 

Total Assets 
Financial assets (net) 
Liabilities to credit institutions 
Issued securities 

Issued securities without retail bonds 

Subordinated bonds and loans 

2022 
as previously reported 
HUF million 
27,274 
135,181 
253,232 
296,672 
294,257 
637,469 
412,611 
(343,212) 
-(43,440) 
2022 
as previously reported 
%/pps 
12.6 
1.6 
1.83 
3.97 
2.57 
1.10 
0.30 
2.1 
53.8 
14.6 
2022 
as previously reported 
HUF million 
15,758,292 
7,438,066 
1,251,653 
507,540 
471,773 
0 

2022 
restated 
HUF million 
30,242 
138,149 
256,200 
300,094 
297,679 
642,520 
417,662 
(344,841) 
(43,894) 
2022 
restated 
%/pps 
12.7 
1.5 
1.70 
3.68 
2.39 
1.01 
0.27 
2.0 
53.7 
14.6 
2022 
restated 
HUF million 
17,596,229 
9,270,006 
2,313,832 
985,187 
949,421 
294,186 

2023 

HUF million 
313,143 
500,869 
302,935 
366,502 
341,049 
751,953 
432,651 
(410,904) 
(63,566) 
2023 

%/pps  
14.2 
1.6 
1.79 
3.94 
2.26 
1.03 
0.64 
2.2 
54.6 
17.3 
2023 

HUF million  
18,459,423 
9,630,766 
2,326,311 
1,877,094 
1,675,963 
507,277 

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Corporate Centre 

Main components of the Statement of recognised income 

Adjusted profit after tax 

Profit before tax 

Operating profit 
Total income 

Net interest income 

Operating expenses 

Corporate income tax 

Main components of balance sheet  
(closing balances) 

Total Assets 
Interbank loans to subsidiaries 
Investments in subsidiaries 
Other assets 
Intra group liabilities from subsidiaries 
Intra group funding from OTP Core 
Issued securities 
Subordinated debt (Tier 2) 
Shareholders' equity 

2022 
as previously 
reported 
HUF million 
2,968 
3,423 
3,423 
5,051 
5,051 
(1,628) 
(455) 
2022 
as previously 
reported 
3,848,180 
2,393,334 
1,448,849 
5,998 
1,399,338 
522,960 
477,648 
294,186 
1,448,849 

2022 
restated 

HUF million 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
2022 

restated 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

2023 

HUF million  
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
2023 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

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OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

CHANGE  IN  THE  SCOPE  OF  CONSOLIDATION  FOR  THE  CONSOLIDATED  CAPITAL  ADEQUACY 
RATIOS PRESENTED IN THE STOCK EXCHANGE REPORTS 

According to  the  decision by  the  management,  starting  from  3Q  2023  the consolidated capital  adequacy  ratios for  the 
actual  period  and  retrospectively  for  the  base  periods  presented  in  the  Stock  Exchange  Reports  will  be  based  on  the 
prudential scope of consolidation, i.e. in line with Capital Requirements Regulation (CRR). 

OTP  Bank  Plc.  reports  its consolidated  capital  adequacy  ratios  to  the  National  Bank  of  Hungary in  charge  of  financial 
supervision based on the prudential scope of consolidation.  

In previous periods the consolidated capital adequacy ratios based on the prudential scope of consolidation were disclosed 
after the release of the Stock Exchange Reports, in the document titled OTP Group Disclosure on consolidated basis. 

In the previous Stock Exchange Reports the presented consolidated capital adequacy ratios were calculated based on the 
accounting scope of consolidation, in line with IFRS standards. 

The below table shows the consolidated capital adequacy ratios (Basel 3, IFRS) from 1Q 2022 until 3Q 2023 according to 
both prudential and accounting scope of consolidation. 

According to PRUDENTIAL scope of 
consolidation  
(HUF million / %) 
Capital adequacy ratio 
Tier 1 ratio 
Common Equity Tier 1 ('CET1') capital ratio  
Own funds 

o/w Tier1 Capital 

o/w Common Equity Tier 1 capital 

Consolidated risk weighted assets (RWA) (Credit 
& Market & Operational risk) 
According to ACCOUNTING scope of 
consolidation  
(HUF million / %) 
Capital adequacy ratio 
Tier1 ratio 
Common Equity Tier 1 ('CET1') capital ratio  
Own funds 

o/w Tier1 Capital 

o/w Common Equity Tier 1 capital 

Consolidated risk weighted assets (RWA) (Credit 
& Market & Operational risk) 

1Q 2022 

2Q 2022 

3Q 2022 

4Q 2022 

1Q 2023 

2Q 2023 

3Q 2023 

18.4% 
16.9% 
16.9% 
3,217,591 
2,950,935 
2,950,935 

18.4% 
16.9% 
16.9% 
3,635,663 
3,347,375 
3,347,375 

18.1% 
16.7% 
16.7% 
3,922,723 
3,620,662 
3,620,662 

17.8% 
16.4% 
16.4% 
3,671,104 
3,383,161 
3,383,161 

17.2% 
14.8% 
14.8% 
3,767,588 
3,242,569 
3,242,569 

17.9% 
15.6% 
15.6% 
4,076,508 
3,551,485 
3,551,485 

18.8% 
16.4% 
16.4% 
4,489,776 
3,929,662 
3,929,662 

17,464,356  19,772,146  21,643,869  20,607,706  21,920,451  22,713,600  23,922,959 

1Q 2022 

2Q 2022 

3Q 2022 

4Q 2022 

1Q 2023 

2Q 2023 

3Q 2023 

17.8% 
16.2% 
16.2% 
3,078,173 
2,811,517 
2,811,517 

17.9% 
16.4% 
16.4% 
3,515,020 
3,226,731 
3,226,731 

17.8% 
16.4% 
16.4% 
3,828,083 
3,526,063 
3,526,063 

17.5% 
16.1% 
16.1% 
3,565,932 
3,277,984 
3,277,984 

16.8% 
14.4% 
14.4% 
3,661,078 
3,136,729 
3,136,729 

17.5% 
15.2% 
15.2% 
3,951,088 
3,426,218 
3,426,218 

18.4% 
16.1% 
16.1% 
4,366,482 
3,806,368 
3,806,368 

17,324,682  19,629,309  21,497,011  20,405,328  21,795,586  22,551,166  23,714,042 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

211 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

CHANGE  IN  THE  PRESENTATION  OF  ACCRUED  INTEREST  RECEIVABLES  ON  STAGE  3  LOANS  – 
METHODOLOGICAL SUMMARY 

Starting from 2023 the presentation of accrued interest receivables on Stage 3 loans has been changed in the adjusted 
balance sheets and statements of recognised income.  

According to the old methodology in place until the end of 2022, in the adjusted balance sheets of the stock exchange 
report the total amount of accrued interest receivables on Stage 3 loans  under IFRS 9 were netted with the provisions 
created in relation to the total exposure toward those particular clients. As a result of this, in the adjusted consolidated 
balance sheet, and also in the different segments, lower gross loan volumes and allowances for loan losses were shown 
compared to the IFRS reports. Furthermore, in the adjusted statement of recognised income of OTP Core and therefore 
on consolidated level, as well, the accrued interests on Stage 3 loans in the given period were netted with the related 
provision for impairment on loan losses. These items were not settled against each other in the case of foreign subsidiaries.  

From 2023, under the new methodology, these items are not netted against each other in the adjusted financial statements. 
This means that this change has not been retroactively applied for the base period in the tables of this report, but the 
numbers according to the new methodology were presented only for 2023. 

For the sake of comparability, in the below table we present the main financial data affected by this change for the 2022 
base period under the new methodology, for the Group and OTP Core. 

Consolidated 

Gross customer loans 
Allowances for loan losses 
Stage 3 loan volume under IFRS 9 
Stage 3 loans under IFRS 9/gross customer loans 
Own coverage of Stage 3 loans under IFRS 9 
Net interest income 
Net interest margin 
Provision for impairment on loan losses 
Provision for impairment on loan losses-to-average gross loans ratio 

OTP Core 

Gross customer loans 
Allowances for loan losses 
Stage 3 loan volume under IFRS 9 
Stage 3 loans under IFRS 9/gross customer loans 
Own coverage of Stage 3 loans under IFRS 9 
Net interest income 
Net interest margin 
Provision for impairment on loan losses 
Provision for impairment on loan losses-to-average gross loans ratio 

2022 
in HUF million 

19,690,287 
(1,049,663) 
1,015,899 
5.2% 
62.8% 
1,098,914 
3.52% 
(140,566) 
0.75% 

6,551,991 
(273,371) 
346,947 
5.3% 
47.1% 
422,997 
2.42% 
27,515 
(0.46%) 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

212 

 
 
 
  
  
 
 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

FOOTNOTES OF THE TABLE ‘CONSOLIDATED PROFIT AFTER TAX BREAKDOWN BY SUBSIDIARIES 
(IFRS)’ 

General note: regarding OTP Core and other subsidiaries, the adjusted profit after tax is calculated without the effect of 
adjustment items.  

(1) Aggregated adjusted profit after tax of OTP Core and foreign banks. 

(2) OTP Core is an economic unit for measuring the result of core business activity of OTP Group in Hungary. Financials 
of OTP Core are calculated from the partially consolidated IFRS financial statements of certain companies engaged in 
OTP Group’s operation in  Hungary. These companies include OTP Bank Hungary Plc., OTP Mortgage Bank Ltd, OTP 
Building Society Ltd, OTP Factoring Ltd, OTP Financial Point Ltd., and companies providing intragroup financing; OTP 
Bank Employee Stock Ownership Plan Organization was included from 4Q 2016; OTP Card Factory Ltd., OTP Facility 
Management Llc., MONICOMP Ltd. and OTP Real Estate Leasing Ltd. were included from 1Q 2017 (from 1Q 2019 OTP 
Real Estate Lease Ltd. was eliminated from OTP Core); OTP Mobile Service Llc. and OTP Ingatlanpont Llc. were included 
from 1Q 2019; OTP Ecosystem Ltd. (previous name: OTP eBIZ Ltd., it was eliminated from 1Q 2023) was included from 
1Q 2020; OTP OTP Home Solutions was included from 2Q 2021.  

The consolidated results of these companies were segmented into OTP Core and Corporate Centre until the end of 2022. 
According  to  the  new  methodology  applied  from  2023,  Corporate  Centre  is  no  longer  carved  out  of  OTP  Core.  In  the 
affected tables of this report, the 2022 base periods were presented both under the old and the new segment definitions.  

(3) The result and balance sheet of OTP Factoring Bulgaria EAD and DSK Leasing AD is included.  

(4) The statement of recognised income and balance sheet of SKB Banka d.d. Ljubljana, SKB Leasing d.o.o., SKB Leasing 
Select d.o.o. and from February 2023 Nova Kreditna Banka Maribor d.d. is included. 

(5) The statement of recognised income and balance sheet of OTP Leasing d.d. and SB Leasing d.o.o. was included.  

(6) The financial performance of OTP Factoring Serbia d.o.o, OTP Lizing d.o.o. and OTP Services d.o.o. is included.  

(7) The balance sheet of the newly acquired Alpha Bank Albania was included from July 2022, its statement of recognised 
income from August 2022. Alpha Bank Albania merged with OTP Bank Albania in December 2022. 

(8) The statement of recognised income and balance sheet of the acquired Podgoricka banka was included, which merged 
into the Montenegrin bank in 4Q 2020. 

(9) The balance sheet of Ipoteka Bank in Uzbekistan was consolidated from June 2023, whereas the adjusted profit of 
Ipoteka Bank was recognized in the consolidated P&L from 3Q 2023.   

(10) The statement of recognised income and balance sheet of LLC MFO “OTP Finance” is included.  

(11) Figures are based on the aggregated financial statements of OTP Bank JSC, LLC OTP Leasing, and OTP Factoring 
Ukraine LLC.  

(12) The statement of recognised income and balance sheet of OTP Faktoring SRL and OTP Leasing Romania IFN S.A. 
was included. 

(13) The subconsolidated adjusted profit after tax of Merkantil Group (Merkantil Bank Ltd., Merkantil Bérlet Ltd., OTP Real 
Estate Leasing Ltd., NIMO 2002 Ltd., SPLC-P Ltd., SPLC Ltd.) was presented. 

(14)  LLC  AMC  OTP  Capital,  OTP  Asset  Management  SAI  S.A.  (Romania),  DSK  Asset  Management  EAD  (Bulgaria), 
ILIRIKA DZU a.d. Belgrade (Serbia). 

(15) Velvin Ventures Ltd. (Belize), SC Aloha Buzz SRL, SC Favo Consultanta SRL, SC Tezaur Cont SRL (Romania), OTP 
Solution Fund (Ukraine), Mendota Invest d.o.o. (Slovenia), R.E. Four d.o.o., Novi Sad (Serbia). 

(16) Until the end of 2022 Corporate Centre acted as a virtual entity established by the equity investment of OTP Core for 
managing the wholesale financing activity for all the subsidiaries within OTP Group but outside OTP Core. Therefore, the 
balance sheet  of  the  Corporate  Centre  was funded  by  the equity  and  intragroup  lending received  from  OTP  Core,  the 
intragroup lending received from other subsidiaries, and the subordinated debt and senior notes issued by OTP Bank. 
From  this  funding  pool,  the  Corporate  Centre  was  to  provide  intragroup  lending  to,  and  hold  equity  stakes  in  OTP 
subsidiaries outside OTP Core. Main subsidiaries financed by Corporate Centre  were as follows: Hungarians: Merkantil 
Bank Ltd, OTP Flat Lease Ltd, OTP Fund Management Ltd, OTP Real Estate Fund Management Ltd, OTP Life Annuity 
Ltd; foreigners: banks, leasing companies, factoring companies. 

Starting from 2023 Corporate Centre is no longer carved out of OTP Core. In the affected tables of this report, the 2022 
base periods were presented both under the old and the new segment definitions. 

(17)  The  profit  after  tax  of  the  Hungarian  operation  lines  include  the  profit  after  tax  or  adjusted  profit  after  tax  of  the 
Hungarian subsidiaries and Corporate Centre, as well as the eliminations allocated onto these entities.  

(18) The profit after tax of the Foreign operation lines include the profit after tax or adjusted profit after tax of the Foreign 
subsidiaries, as well as the eliminations allocated onto these entities.  

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

213 

 
 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

CALCULATION OF THE ADJUSTED LINES OF IFRS PROFIT AND LOSS STATEMENTS, AS WELL AS 
THE ADJUSTED BALANCE SHEET LINES PRESENTED IN THE REPORT, AND THE METHODOLOGY 
FOR CALCULATING THE FX-ADJUSTED VOLUME CHANGES 

In order to present Group performance reflecting the underlying business trends, the presented consolidated and separate 
/ sub-consolidated profit and loss statements of this report were adjusted in the following way, and the adjusted P&Ls are 
shown and analysed in the Report (unless otherwise stated). Consolidated financial statements of OTP Bank are disclosed 
in the Supplementary Data section. 

Adjustments affecting the income statement: 

• The after tax effect of adjustment items (certain, typically one-off items from banking operations’ point of view) are shown 

and analysed separately in the Statement of Recognised Income.  

• The components of the new Gain from derecognition of financial assets at amortized cost line in the P&L were shifted 

back in the adjusted P&L structure to the lines on which they were presented previously.  

• Due to the introduction of IFRS16, certain items previously presented on the Other non-interest expenses line (rental 
fees) were moved to the interest expenses and depreciation lines in the  income statement. These items were shifted 
back to the Other non-interest expenses line in the adjusted P&L structure. 

• The expected one-off effect of the interest rate cap for certain loans in Hungary and Serbia line contains the expected 
effect of the Hungarian rate cap, and the expected effect of the Serbian rate cap effective from October 2023 until the 
end of 2024.  

• The effect of the winding up of Sberbank Hungary line represents the combined impact of the extraordinary contribution 
payable into the Deposit Protection Fund in relation to the compensation of depositors, and the recovery from the sale of 
Sberbank assets.  

• Performance indicators (such as cost/income ratio, net interest margin, risk cost to average gross loans as well as ROA 
and  ROE  ratios,  etc.)  presented  in  this  report  are  calculated  on  the  basis  of  the  adjusted  profit  and  loss  statement 
excluding adjustment items (unless otherwise indicated). Starting from 2022, the Provision for impairment on loan losses 
line is in the numerator of the Provision for impairment on loan losses-to-average gross loans ratio, which, as opposed 
to previous periods, does not include the provision for impairment on placement losses. 

• In the Consolidated financial highlights and share data table the Book Value Per Share and the Tangible Book Value Per 
Share, as well as indicators derived from these are calculated based on the consolidated diluted share count used for 
EPS calculation.  

• Within the report, FX-adjusted statistics for business volume developments and their product breakdown, as well as the 
FX-adjusted stock of allowances for loan losses are disclosed, too. For FX-adjustment, the closing cross currency rates 
for the current period were used to calculate the HUF equivalent of loan and deposit volumes in the base periods. Thus 
the FX-adjusted volumes will be different from those published earlier.  

• The FX-adjusted changes of certain consolidated or sub-consolidated P&L lines in HUF terms may be presented in this 
Report. According to the applied methodology in the case of the P&L lines, the FX effect is filtered out only in relation to 
the currency of the given country, irrespective of the transactional currency mix in which the given P&L line materialized. 
Thus, for instance, as for the consolidated FX-adjusted operating cost development, the effect of the Hungarian Forint 
rate changes against the given currency is not eliminated in the case of the cost items arising in FX within the Hungarian 
cost base. 

Adjustments affecting the balance sheet: 

• On 9 February 2024 OTP Bank announced the signing of the share sale and purchase agreement to sell its Romanian 
operation. As a result of this, according to IFRS 5, as at the end of 2023 the Romanian operation was presented as an 
asset classified as held for salein the consolidated balance sheet, and as discontinued operation in the income statement. 
With regards to the consolidated balance sheet, all Romanian assets and liabilities were shown on a separate line in the 
2023 closing balance sheet. As for the consolidated income statement, the Romanian contribution for both 2022 and 
2023 was shown separately from the result of continuing operation, on the Net loss / gain from discontinued operation 
line, i.e. the particular P&L lines in the ‘continuing operations’ section of the P&L don’t incorporate the contribution from 
the Romanian subsidiaries. As opposed to this, in the adjusted financial statements presented in the Stock Exchange 
Report – in line with the structure of the financial statements monitored by the management – the Romanian operation 
was presented in a way as if it was still classified as continuing operation, i.e. its net interest income contribution was 
presented on the net interest income line in the consolidated adjusted income statement. 

• In the adjusted balance sheet, net customer loans include the stock of loans at amortized cost, loans mandatorily at fair 

value through profit or loss, and finance lease receivables.  

• In the adjusted balance sheets presented in the analytical section of the report, until the end of 2022 the total amount of 
accrued interest receivables related to Stage 3 loans under IFRS 9 were netted with the provisions created in relation to 
the total exposure toward those particular clients, in case of the affected Group members. Therefore, this adjustment 
made on the balance sheet had an impact on the consolidated gross customer loans and allowances for loan losses. 
Starting from 2023 this adjustment is no longer applied.  

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

214 

 
 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

Alternative performance measures 
pursuant to the National Bank of Hungary 5/2017. (V.24.) recommendation75 

Alternative 
performance 
measures name 

Leverage, 
consolidated76 

Liquidity Coverage 
Ratio (LCR) 

ROE (accounting), 
consolidated 

Description 

The leverage ratio is 
calculated pursuant to 
Article 429 CRR. The 
calculation of the 
indicator is designed 
quarterly by the Bank 
for the prudential 
consolidation circle. 

According to Article 
412 (1) of CRR, the 
liquidity coverage 
ratio (LCR) is 
designed to promote 
short-term resilience 
of the Issuer’s / 
Group's liquidity risk 
profile and aims to 
ensure that the Issuer 
/ Group has an 
adequate stock of 
unencumbered High 
Quality Liquid Assets 
(HQLA) to meet its 
liquidity needs for a 
30 calendar day 
liquidity stress 
scenario.  
The return on equity 
ratio shall be 
calculated the 
consolidated 
accounting after-tax 
profit for the given 
period divided by the 
average equity, thus 
shows the 
effectiveness of the 
use of equity. 

Calculation 
(data in HUF million) 

Measures value  

2022 

2023 

The leverage ratio shall be calculated as an institution’s capital measure 
divided by that institution's total exposure measure and shall be expressed 
as a percentage. 

Example for 2023: 

Example for 2022: 

3,945,569.6 
42,426,769.2 

3,383,160.8 
35,399,551.0 

= 

9.3% 

9.6% 

9.3% 

= 

9.6% 

The LCR is expressed as: (stock of HQLA) / (total net cash outflows over 
the next 30 calendar days) ≥ 100%. 
The numerator of the LCR is the stock of HQLA (High Quality Liquid 
Assets). In order to qualify as HQLA, assets should be liquid in markets 
during a time of stress and, in most cases, be eligible for use in central 
bank operations. 
The denominator of the LCR is the total net cash outflows, defined as total 
expected cash outflows minus total expected cash inflow in the specified 
stress scenario for the subsequent 30 calendar days. Total cash inflows are 
subject to an aggregate cap of 75% of total expected cash outflows, 
thereby ensuring a minimum level of HQLA holdings at all times.  

Example for 2023: 

11,062,683.8 

6,528,404.6  - 

2,033,178.9 

Example for 2022: 

7,439,159.8 

6,175,742.4  - 

1,852,865.4 

=  246.1% 

=  172.1% 

The numerator of the indicator is the consolidated accounting after-tax profit 
for the given period (annualized for periods less than one year), the 
denominator is the average consolidated equity. (The definition of average 
equity: calendar day-weighted average of the average balance sheet items 
in periods comprising the given period, where periods comprising the given 
period are defined as quarters (and within that months) in case of 1H, 9M 
and FY periods, and months in case of quarters. Furthermore, the average 
of the average balance sheet items is computed as the arithmetic average 
of closing balance sheet items for the previous period and the current 
period.) 

Example for 2023: 

990,459.5  * 

1.0 

3,639,782.4 

Example for 2022: 

347,081.1  * 

1.0 

3,160,118.9 

= 

27.2% 

= 

11.0% 

172.1%  246.1% 

11.0% 

27.2% 

75 The NBH’s recommendation (5/2017, 24 May) on Alternative Performance Measures (APM) came into effect from 1 June 2017, in lin e with ESMA’s 
guidance (ESMA/2015/1415) on the same matter. The recommendation is aimed at  – amongst other things  –  enhancing the transparency, reliability, 
clarity  and  comparability  of  those  APMs  within  the  framework  of  regulated  information  and  thus  facilitating  the  protection  of   existing  and  potential 
investors. 
76 Based on the prudential consolidation scope, which is different from the consolidation scope used in this report. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

215 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
OTP BANK 

Alternative 
performance 
measures name 

ROE (adjusted), 
consolidated 

ROA (adjusted), 
consolidated 

Operating profit 
margin (adjusted, 
without one-off 
items), consolidated 

Total income margin 
(adjusted, without 
one-off items), 
consolidated 

Net interest margin 
(adjusted), 
consolidated 

Operating cost 
(adjusted)/ total 
assets, consolidated 

Description 

The return on equity 
ratio shall be 
calculated the 
consolidated adjusted 
after-tax profit for the 
given period divided 
by the average 
equity, thus shows 
the effectiveness of 
the use of equity. 
The return on asset 
ratio shall be 
calculated the 
consolidated adjusted 
net profit for the given 
period divided by the 
average total asset, 
thus shows the 
effectiveness of the 
use of equity. 

The operating profit 
margin shall be 
calculated the 
consolidated adjusted 
net operating profit 
without one-off items 
for the given period 
divided by the 
average total assets, 
thus shows the 
effectiveness of the 
operating profit 
generation on total 
assets. 
The total income 
margin shall be 
calculated the 
consolidated adjusted 
total income without 
one-off items for the 
given period divided 
by the average total 
assets, thus shows 
the effectiveness of 
income generation on 
total assets. 
The net interest 
margin shall be 
calculated the 
consolidated adjusted 
net interest income 
for the given period 
divided by the 
average total assets, 
thus shows the 
effectiveness of net 
interest income 
generation on total 
assets. 
The indicator shows 
the operational 
efficiency. 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

Calculation 
(data in HUF million) 

Measures value  

2022 

2023 

The numerator of the indicator is the consolidated adjusted after-tax profit 
for the given period (annualized for periods less than one year), the 
denominator is the average consolidated equity.  

Example for 2023: 

1,008,582.9  * 

1.0 

3,639,782.4 

= 

27.7% 

18.8% 

27.7% 

Example for 2022: 

592,547.0  * 

1.0 

3,160,118.9 

= 

18.8% 

The numerator of the indicator is the consolidated adjusted net profit for the 
given period, the denominator is the average consolidated total asset. (The 
definition of average asset: calendar day-weighted average of the average 
balance sheet items in periods comprising the given period, where periods 
comprising the given period are defined as quarters (and within that 
months) in case of 9M, 9M and FY periods, and months in case of quarters. 
Furthermore, the average of the average balance sheet items is computed 
as the arithmetic average of closing balance sheet items for the previous 
period and the current period.) 

Example for 2023: 

1,008,582.9  * 

1.0 

37,167,776.0 

Example for 2022: 

592,547.0  * 

1.0 

31,190,136.9 

= 

2.7% 

= 

1.9% 

1.9% 

2.7% 

The numerator of the indicator is the consolidated adjusted net operating 
profit without one-off items for the given period, the denominator is the 
average consolidated total assets.  

Example for 2023: 

1,260,849.8  * 

1.0 

37,167,776.0 

= 

3.39% 

2.78% 

3.39% 

Example for 2022: 

868,486.7  * 

1.0 

31,190,136.9 

= 

2.78% 

The numerator of the indicator is the consolidated adjusted total income 
without one-off items for the given period (annualized for periods less than 
one year), the denominator is the average consolidated total assets.  

Example for 2023: 

2,224,584.2  * 

1.0 

37,167,776.0 

= 

5.99% 

5.31% 

5.99% 

Example for 2022: 

1,656,571.0  * 

1.0 

31,190,136.9 

= 

5.31% 

The numerator of the indicator is the consolidated adjusted net interest 
income for the given period (annualized for periods less than one year), the 
denominator is the average consolidated total assets. 

Example for 2023: 

1,459,693.5  * 

1.0 

37,167,776.0 

= 

3.93% 

3.51% 

3.93% 

Example for 2022: 

1,093,578.8  * 

1.0 

31,190,136.9 

= 

3.51% 

The numerator of the indicator is the consolidated adjusted operating cost 
for the given period (annualized for periods less than one year), the 
denominator is the average consolidated total assets. 

Example for 2023: 

963,734.3  * 

1.0 

37,167,776.0 

= 

2.59% 

2.53% 

2.59% 

Example for 2022: 

788,084.3  * 

1.0 

31,190,136.9 

= 

2.53% 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

216 

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
OTP BANK 

Alternative 
performance 
measures name 

Cost/income ratio 
(adjusted, without 
one-off items), 
consolidated 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

Description 

Calculation 
(data in HUF million) 

Measures value  

2022 

2023 

The indicator is 
another measure of 
operational efficiency. 

The numerator of the indicator is the consolidated adjusted operating cost 
for the given period, the denominator is the adjusted operating income 
(without one-off items) for the given period. 

Example for 2023: 

Example for 2022: 

963,734.3 
2,224,584.2 

788,084.3 
1,656,571.0 

= 

43.3% 

47.6% 

43.3% 

= 

47.6% 

Provision for 
impairment on loan 
and placement 
losses (adjusted)/ 
average (adjusted) 
gross loans, 
consolidated 

The indicator 
provides information 
on the amount of 
impairment on loan 
and placement losses 
relative to gross 
customer loans. 

The numerator of the indicator is the consolidated adjusted provision for 
impairment on loan and placement losses for the given period (annualized 
for periods less than one year), the denominator is the adjusted 
consolidated gross customer loans for the given period. (The definition of 
average (adjusted) gross customer loans: calendar day-weighted average 
of the average balance sheet items in periods comprising the given period, 
where periods comprising the given period are defined as quarters (and 
within that months) in case of 1H, 9M and FY periods, and months in case 
of quarters. Furthermore, the average of the average balance sheet items is 
computed as the arithmetic average of closing balance sheet items for the 
previous period and the current period.) 

Example for 2023: 

34,780.7  * 

1.0 

21,377,407.9 

Example for 2022: 

135,231.1  * 

1.0 

18,639,432.7 

= 

0.16% 

= 

0.73% 

0.73% 

0.16% 

Total risk cost 
(adjusted)/ total 
asset ratio, 
consolidated 

The indicator shows 
the amount of total 
risk cost relative to 
the balance sheet 
total. 

The numerator of the indicator is consolidated adjusted total risk cost for 
the given period (annualized for periods less than one year), the 
denominator is the average consolidated total assets for the given period. 

Example for 2023: 

38,521.5  * 

1.0 

37,167,776.0 

= 

0.10% 

0.57% 

0.10% 

Effective tax rate 
(adjusted), 
consolidated 

The indicator shows 
the amount of 
corporate income tax 
accounted on pre-tax 
profit. 

Example for 2022: 

178,464.7  * 

1.0 

31,190,136.9 

= 

0.57% 

The numerator of the indicator is consolidated adjusted corporate income 
tax for the given period, the denominator is the consolidated adjusted pre-
tax profit for the given period. 

Example for 2023: 

Example for 2022: 

213,745.5 
1,222,328.4 

97,475.0 
690,022.0 

= 

17.5% 

14.1% 

17.5% 

= 

14.1% 

Net 
loan/(deposit+retail 
bonds) ratio (FX-
adjusted), 
consolidated 

The net loan to 
deposit+retail bonds 
ratio is the indicator 
for assessing the 
bank's liquidity 
position. 

The numerator of the indicator is the consolidated net consumer loan 
volume (gross loan reduced the amount of provision), the denominator is 
the end of period consolidated consumer FX-adjusted deposit volume plus 
the end of period retail bond volume (issued by OTP Bank). 

Example for 2023: 

21,447,380.3 

29,428,283.5  + 

201,130.6 

= 

72% 

74% 

72% 

Example for 2022: 

17,929,314.2 

24,289,844.4  + 

35,766.3 

= 

74% 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

217 

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

ADJUSTMENTS ON THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF PROFIT OR LOSS (IFRS) 

Net interest income 
(+) Presentation of the revaluation result of intra-group swaps on the net interest income line realized at the 
Romanian operation 
(-) Netting of interest revenues on Stage 3 loans with the related provision (booked on the Provision for 
loan losses line) 
(-) Effect of acquisitions 
(-) Reclassification due to the introduction of IFRS16 
(+) Presentation of the contribution from discontinued operation and assets held for sale on the adjusted 
P&L lines 
Net interest income (adj.)  

Net fees and commissions 
(+) Financial Transaction Tax 
(-) Effect of acquisitions 
(+) Presentation of the contribution from discontinued operation and assets held for sale on the adjusted 
P&L lines 
(-) Structural shift of income from currency exchange from net fees to the FX result 
Net fees and commissions (adj.) 

Foreign exchange result 
(-) Presentation of the revaluation result of intra-group swaps on the net interest income line realized at the 
Romanian operations 
(-) Effect of acquisitions 
(+) Presentation of the contribution from discontinued operation and assets held for sale on the adjusted 
P&L lines 
(+) Structural shift of income from currency exchange from net fees to the FX result 
Foreign exchange result (adj.) 

Gain/loss on securities, net 
(-) Effect of acquisitions 
(+) Presentation of the contribution from discontinued operation and assets held for sale on the adjusted 
P&L lines 
(-) Revaluation result of the treasury share swap agreement 
(+) Structural adjustment due to the Gain from derecognition of financial assets at amortized cost line 
(against Gain/loss on securities, net) 
(+) Shifting of the Gains and losses on non-trading securities mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss 
line from the Net other non-interest income to the Gains or losses from securities line  
Gain/loss on securities, net (adj.) 

Result of discontinued operation and gains from disposal of subsidiaries classified as held for 
sale 
(-) Profit of the sale of OTP Garancia Group (before tax) 
(-) Effect of acquisitions 
Result of discontinued operation and gains from disposal of subsidiaries classified as held for 
sale (adj.) 

Gains and losses on real estate transactions 
Result of discontinued operation and gains from disposal of subsidiaries classified as held for sale 
(adjusted) 
(+) Other non-interest income 
(+) Net results on derivative instruments and hedge relationships 
(+) Net insurance result 
(+) Losses on loans measured mandatorily at fair value through other comprehensive income and 
on securities at amortized cost 
(-) Shifting of the Gains and losses on non-trading securities mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss 
line from the Net other non-interest income to the Gains or losses from securities line  
(-) Received cash transfers 
(+) Other other non-interest expenses 
(+) Change in shareholders' equity of companies consolidated with equity method, and the change in the 
net asset value of the private equity funds managed by PortfoLion 
(-) Effect of acquisitions 
(-) Presentation of the revaluation result of intra-group swaps on the net interest income line realized at the 
Romanian operation 
(-) One-off impact of the CHF mortgage loan conversion programme and regulatory changes related to 
mortgage loans in Romania 
(-) Netting of refunds related to legal cases (accounted for on the Net other non-interest result line) with the 
release of provisions created earlier for these cases (accounted for on the Other provisions line) from 1Q 
2017 at OTP Bank Romania 
(+) Presentation of the contribution from discontinued operation and assets held for sale on the adjusted 
P&L lines 
(-) Expected one-off negative effect of the debt repayment moratorium in Hungary and Serbia 
(+) Shifting of the costs of mediated services at Merkantil Bérlet Ltd. to the net other non-interest result line 
(+) Structural adjustment due to the Gain from derecognition of financial assets at amortized cost line 
(against Net other non-interest result) 
(-) Expected one-off effect of the interest rate cap for certain loans in Hungary and Serbia 
(-) Effect of the winding up of Sberbank Hungary (recovery leg) 
Net other non-interest result (adj.)  

2022 
HUF million 
1,026,868 

2023 
HUF million 
1,383,014 

2,034 

5,335 

(3,179) 
(2,386) 

64,446 

0 

- 

(5,674) 
(2,970) 

68,151 

1,093,579 

1,459,809 

584,491 
(89,751) 
(2) 

691,525 
(98,472) 
(27) 

15,870 

5,537 

113,494 
397,118 

120,496 
478,122 

(16,302) 

13,945 

7,818 

(4) 

0 

(2) 

1,313 

(11,397) 

113,494 
90,691 

(4,505) 
(556) 

120,496 
123,046 

7,283 
(1,125) 

17 

194 

(10,002) 

(3,868) 

(4,636) 

(18,716) 

145 

1,579 

8,240 

1,994 

28,003 

(21,246) 

0 
0 

0 
(55,913) 

28,003 

34,667 

5,232 

7,195 

28,003 

34,667 

118,329 
16,360 
1,369 

331,425 
(12,760) 
1,921 

(4,044 

92,682 

145 

8,240 

447 
(72,969) 

531 
(54,855) 

840 

2,738 

3,268 

205,233 

(5,783) 

(591) 

(275) 

0 

0 

0 

(21,994) 

(13,697) 

(5) 
(1,846) 

(492) 

(2,022) 

73,604 

0 
(2,119) 

191 

0 
11,416 
161,967 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

218 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

Gain from derecognition of financial assets at amortized cost 
(-) Structural adjustment due to the Gain from derecognition of financial assets at amortized cost line 
(against Gain/loss on securities, net) 
(-) Structural adjustment due to the Gain from derecognition of financial assets at amortized cost line 
(against Provision for impairment on loan losses) 
(-) Structural adjustment due to the Gain from derecognition of financial assets at amortized cost line 
(against Net other non-interest result) 
(+) Presentation of the contribution from discontinued operation and assets held for sale on the adjusted 
P&L lines 
Gain from derecognition of financial assets at amortized cost (adj.) 

Provision for impairment on loan and placement losses 
(+) Modification gains or losses 
(+) Change in the fair value attributable to changes in the credit risk of loans mandatorily measured 
at fair value through profit of loss  
(+) Loss allowance on securities at fair value through other comprehensive income and on 
securities at amortized cost 
(+) Provision for commitments and guarantees given 
(+) Impairment of assets subject to operating lease and of investment properties 
(-) One-off impact of the CHF mortgage loan conversion programme and regulatory changes related to 
mortgage loans in Romania 
(+) Netting of interest revenues on Stage 3 loans with the related provision (booked on the Provision for 
loan losses line) 
(-) Effect of acquisitions 
(-) Structural correction between Provision for loan losses and Other provisions 
(+) Presentation of the contribution from discontinued operation and assets held for sale on the adjusted 
P&L lines 
(-) Expected one-off negative effect of the debt repayment moratorium in Hungary and Serbia 
(+) Structural adjustment due to the Gain from derecognition of financial assets at amortized cost line 
(against Provision for impairment on loan losses) 
(-) Shifting of provision for impairment on placement losses to the other provisions line from 1Q 2022 
(-) Expected one-off effect of the interest rate cap for certain loans in Hungary and Serbia 
Provision for impairment on loan losses (adj.) 

Profit from associates 
(+) Received cash transfers 
(+) Paid cash transfers 
(-) Sponsorships, subsidies and cash transfers to public benefit organisations 
(-) Dividend income of swap counterparty shares kept under the treasury share swap agreement  
(-) Change in shareholders' equity of companies consolidated with equity method, and the change in the 
net asset value of the private equity funds managed by PortfoLion 
(+) Presentation of the contribution from discontinued operation and assets held for sale on the adjusted 
P&L lines 
After tax dividends and net cash transfers 

Depreciation 
(-) Goodwill impairment charges  
(-) Effect of acquisitions 
(-) Reclassification due to the introduction of IFRS16 
(+) Presentation of the contribution from discontinued operation and assets held for sale on the adjusted 
P&L lines 
(+) Structural shift of right of use asset depreciation between other non-interest expenses and depreciation 
line 
Depreciation (adj.) 

Personnel expenses 
(-) Effect of acquisitions 
(+) Presentation of the contribution from discontinued operation and assets held for sale on the adjusted 
P&L lines 
(-) Shifting of the support granted to the Special Employee Partial Ownership Plan Organizations booked 
within the Personnel expenses to the Other non-interest expenses line 
Personnel expenses (adj.) 

Income taxes 
(-) Corporate tax impact of goodwill/investment impairment charges 
(-) Corporate tax impact of the special tax on financial institutions 
(+) Tax deductible transfers to spectator sports (offset against corporate taxes) 
(-) Corporate tax impact of the effect of acquisitions 
(+) Presentation of the contribution from discontinued operation and assets held for sale on the adjusted 
P&L lines 
(-) Corporate tax impact of the expected one-off negative effect of the debt repayment moratorium in 
Hungary and Serbia 
(-) Corporate tax impact of the result of the treasury share swap agreement 
(-) Corporate tax impact of the impairments on Russian government bonds booked at OTP Core and DSK 
Bank from 2022 
(-) Corporate tax impact of the winding up of Sberbank Hungary (contribution to the Deposit Protection 
Fund) 
(-) Corporate tax impact of the expected one-off effect of the interest rate cap for certain loans in Hungary 
and Serbia 

2022 
HUF million 
(1,573) 

2023 
HUF million 
(17,182) 

(4,636) 

(18,716) 

3,473) 

1,343 

(492) 

191 

(82) 

0 

0 

0 

(145,159) 
(39,997) 

(126,415) 
(38,141) 

13,346 

(91) 

(60,761) 

(5,917) 
(1,204) 

138 

5,335 

(3,493) 
(61,965) 

(10,750) 

(4,816) 

3,473 

(261) 
(36,005) 
(135,231) 

14,618 
447 
(17,709) 
(17,519) 
12,130 

840 

23 

9,054 

9,772 
1,333 

0 

- 

(51,873) 
10,387 

2,758 

0 

1,343 

2,945 
(36,909) 
(64,937) 

15,299 
531 
(15,360) 
(15,067) 
14,200 

2,738 

22 

1,927 

(1,378) 

(168,840) 
(67,715) 
(4,917) 
(18,008) 

(111,996) 
0 
(4,897) 
(15,575) 

(6,463) 

(4,040) 

0 

(84,663) 

(95,564) 

(377,728) 
(1,259) 

(478,695) 
(2,507) 

(24,835) 

(26,571) 

(5,000) 

0 

(396,304) 

(502,759) 

(58,600) 
8,461 
5,456 
(14,479) 
543 

(188,710) 
(3,919) 
6,079 
(73) 
7,687 

(652) 

(3,575) 

244 

900 

3,494 

0 

348 

311 

1,027 

(1,027) 

3,618 

3,830 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

219 

 
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

(+) One-timer structural reclassification between Corporate income tax and Other non-interest expenses in 
4Q 2023 
Corporate income tax (adj.) 

Other operating expense 
(-) Other costs and expenses 
(-) Other non-interest expenses 
(-) Effect of acquisitions 
(-) One-off impact of the CHF mortgage loan conversion programme and regulatory changes related to 
mortgage loans in Romania 
(-) Netting of refunds related to legal cases (accounted for on the Net other non-interest result line) with the 
release of provisions created earlier for these cases (accounted for on the Other provisions line) from 1Q 
2017 at OTP Bank Romania 
(+) Structural correction between Provision for loan losses and Other provisions 
(+) Presentation of the contribution from discontinued operation and assets held for sale on the adjusted 
P&L lines 
(-) Expected one-off negative effect of the debt repayment moratorium in Hungary and Serbia 
(-) Impairments on Russian government bonds booked at OTP Core and DSK Bank from 2022 
(+) Shifting of provision for impairment on placement losses to the other provisions line from 1Q 2022 
(-) Shifting of certain expenses arising from mediated services from other provisions to the other non-
interest expenses line 
(-) Expected one-off effect of the interest rate cap for certain loans in Hungary and Serbia 
Other provisions (adj.) 

Other general expenses 
(+) Other costs and expenses 
(+) Other non-interest expenses 
(-) Paid cash transfers 
(+) Film subsidies and cash transfers to public benefit organisations 
(-) Other other non-interest expenses 
(-) Special tax on financial institutions (recognised as other administrative expenses) 
(-) Tax deductible transfers (offset against corporate taxes) 
(-) Financial Transaction Tax 
(-) Effect of acquisitions 
(+) Reclassification due to the introduction of IFRS16 
(+) Presentation of the contribution from discontinued operation and assets held for sale on the adjusted 
P&L lines 
(-) Expected one-off negative effect of the debt repayment moratorium in Hungary and Serbia 
(-) Shifting of the costs of mediated services at Merkantil Bérlet Ltd. to the net other non-interest result line 
(+) Shifting of certain expenses arising from mediated services from other provisions to the other non-
interest expenses line 
(-) Effect of the winding up of Sberbank Hungary (contribution to the Deposit Protection Fund) 
(+) Shifting of the support granted to the Special Employee Partial Ownership Plan Organizations booked 
within the Personnel expenses to the Other non-interest expenses line 
(-) Structural shift of right of use asset depreciation between other non-interest expenses and depreciation 
line 
(-) One-timer structural reclassification between Corporate income tax and Other non-interest expenses in 
4Q 2023 
Other non-interest expenses (adj.) 

2022 
HUF million 

2023 
HUF million 

(5,624) 

(97,475) 

(211,291) 

(125,742) 
(17,279) 
(90,678) 
(1,341) 

(117,962) 
(10,143) 
(69,850) 
(10,271) 

453 

275 

0 

0 

(61,965) 

10,387 

(3,057) 

2,104 
(38,268) 
(261) 

(882) 

(2,175) 
(43,234) 

(451,163) 
(17,279) 
(90,678) 
(17,709) 
(17,519) 
(72,969) 
(96,808) 
(14,479) 
(89,751) 
(4,654) 
(20,395) 

(98) 

0 
(3,110) 
2,945 

(1,252) 

181 
(10,285) 

(483,283) 
(10,143) 
(69,850) 
(15,360) 
(15,067) 
(54,490) 
(68,630) 
(73) 
(98,472) 
(8,366) 
(18,545) 

(13,835) 

(17,284) 

0 
(1,846) 

(882) 

(11,416) 

(5,000) 

0 
(2,119) 

(1,252) 

0 

0 

0 

(5,624) 

(307,117) 

(362,289) 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

220 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

ADJUSTMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED IFRS BALANCE SHEET LINES 

Cash, amounts due from Banks and balances with the National Banks 
(+) Allocation of Assets classified as held for sale among balance sheet lines 
Cash, amounts due from Banks and balances with the National Banks (adjusted) 

Placements with other banks, net of allowance for placement losses 
(+) Allocation of Assets classified as held for sale among balance sheet lines 
Placements with other banks, net of allowance for placement losses (adjusted) 

Securities at fair value through profit and loss 
(+) Allocation of Assets classified as held for sale among balance sheet lines 
Securities at fair value through profit or loss (adjusted) 

Securities at fair value through other comprehensive income 
(+) Allocation of Assets classified as held for sale among balance sheet lines 
Securities at fair value through other comprehensive income (adjusted) 

2022 
HUF million 
4,221,392 
0 
4,221,392 

2023 
HUF million 
7,125,050 
199,587 
7,324,636 

1,351,081 
0 
1,351,081 

1,567,777 
8,147 
1,575,924 

436,387 
0 
436,387 

288,884 
2,091 
290,975 

1,739,603 
0 
1,739,603 

1,601,461 
39,430 
1,640,891 

Gross customer loans (incl. finance lease receivables and accrued interest receivables related to loans) 
(-) Accrued interest receivables related to Stage 3 loans 
(+) Allocation of Assets classified as held for sale among balance sheet lines 
Gross customer loans (adjusted) 

19,690,287  21,329,908 
- 
1,136,507 
19,643,558  22,466,415 

46,730 
0 

Allowances for loan losses (incl. impairment of finance lease receivables) 
(-) Allocated provision on accrued interest receivables related to Stage 3 loans 
(+) Allocation of Assets classified as held for sale among balance sheet lines 
Allowances for loan losses (adjusted) 

Associates and other investments 
(+) Allocation of Assets classified as held for sale among balance sheet lines 
Associates and other investments (adjusted) 

Securities at amortized costs 
(+) Allocation of Assets classified as held for sale among balance sheet lines 
Securities at amortized costs (adjusted) 

Tangible and intangible assets, net 
(+) Allocation of Assets classified as held for sale among balance sheet lines 
Tangible and intangible assets, net (adjusted) 

Other assets 
(+) Allocation of Assets classified as held for sale among balance sheet lines 
Other assets (adjusted) 

(1,049,663) 
(46,730) 
0 
(1,002,933) 

(963,179) 
- 
(55,856) 
(1,019,035) 

73,849 
0 
73,849 

96,110 
236 
96,346 

4,891,938 
0 
4,891,938 

5,249,490 
226,427 
5,475,917 

738,105 
0 
738,105 

860,449 
18,500 
878,949 

711,230 
0 
711,230 

2,455,664 
(1,575,068) 
880,596 

Amounts due to banks, the National Governments, deposits from the National Banks and other banks, and 
Financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss 
(+) Allocation of Liabilities directly associated with assets classified as held-for-sale among balance sheet lines 
Amounts due to banks, the National Governments, deposits from the National Banks and other banks, and 
Financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss (adjusted) 

1,517,349 

2,011,569 

0 

1,764 

1,517,349 

2,013,333 

Deposits from customers 
(+) Allocation of Liabilities directly associated with assets classified as held-for-sale among balance sheet lines 
Deposits from customers (adjusted) 

25,188,805  28,332,431 
1,095,852 
25,188,805  29,428,284 

0 

Other liabilities 
(+) Allocation of Liabilities directly associated with assets classified as held-for-sale among balance sheet lines 
Other liabilities (adjusted) 

1,603,078 
0 
1,603,078 

2,514,876 
(1,097,617) 
1,417,260 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

221 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

STATEMENT  OF  PROFIT  OR  LOSS  OF  OTP  BANK  PLC.,  ACCORDING  TO  IFRS  STANDARDS  AS 
ADOPTED BY THE EUROPEAN UNION (CONSOLIDATED)1 

CONTINUING OPERATIONS 

Interest income calculated using the effective interest method 
Income similar to interest income  

Interest incomes 
Interest expenses 

NET INTEREST INCOME 
Risk cost total 

Loss allowance / Release of loss allowance on loans, placements, amounts due from  
banks and repo receivables 
Change in the fair value attributable to changes in the credit risk of loans mandatorily  
measured at fair value through profit of loss  
Loss allowance / Release of loss allowance on securities at fair value through other  
comprehensive income and on securities at amortized cost 
Provision for commitments and guarantees given 
Impairment / (Release of impairment) of assets subject to operating lease and of  
investment properties 

NET INTEREST INCOME AFTER RISK COST 

Income from fees and commissions 
Expense from fees and commissions 
Net profit from fees and commissions  
Modification gain or loss 

Foreign exchange gains / losses, net 

Foreign exchange gains / losses, net 
Net results on derivative instruments and hedge relationships 

Gains / Losses on securities, net 
Gains / Losses on financial assets /liabilities measured at fair value through profit or loss 
Gain from derecognition of financial assets at amortized cost 
Profit from associates 
Other operating income 

Gains and losses on real estate transactions 
Other non-interest income 
Net insurance result 
Other operating expense 

Net operating income 
Personnel expenses 
Depreciation and amortization 
Other administrative expenses 
Other administrative expenses 

PROFIT BEFORE INCOME TAX  
Income tax expense 

PROFIT AFTER INCOME TAX FOR THE PERIOD FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS 
DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS 

Gains from disposal of subsidiary classified as held for sale 
Net loss / gain from discontinued operation 

PROFIT AFTER INCOME TAX FROM CONTINUING AND DISCOUNTINUED OPERATION 

From this, attributable to: 
Non-controlling interest 
Owners of the company 

2023 
HUF million 

2022 
HUF million 

Change 
% 

2,314,677 
633,587 
2,948,264 
(1,561,558) 
1,386,706 
(79,281) 

1,425,859 
475,547 
1,901,406 
(874,538) 
1,026,868 
(199,695) 

(109,223) 

(145,159) 

62 
33 
55 
79 
35 
(60) 

(25) 

(91) 

13,346 

8,831 

(60,761) 

19,870 

(5,917) 

1,332 

(1,204) 

1,307,425 
861,309 
(169,316) 
691,993 
(38,141) 
1,067 
13,827 
(12,760) 
7,283 
94,613 
(17,182) 
14,766 
324,266 
7,195 
315,155 
1,915 
(110,570) 
314,243 
(478,696) 
(111,996) 
(483,645) 
(1,074,337) 
1,201,183 
(189,478) 
1,011,705 

827,173 
716,866 
(132,375) 
584,491 
(39,997) 
58 
(16,302) 
16,360 
(4,505) 
(4,044) 
(1,573) 
14,618 
124,930 
5,232 
118,329 
1,369 
(125,742) 
3,742 
(377,728) 
(168,840) 
(451,163) 
(997,731) 
377,678 
(58,600) 
319,078 

0 
(21,246) 
990,459 

11,444 
16,559 
347,081 

1,801 
988,658 

727 
346,354 

58 
20 
28 
18 
(5) 

992 
1 
160 
38 
166 
40 
(12) 
8298 
27 
(34) 
7 
8 
218 
223 
217 

(100) 

185 

148 
185 

1 The rows of the table are based on audited numbers, but the structure of the table can differ from the IFRS financial statements presented in the Annual 
Report (certain rows might be merged or represent different level of aggregation). 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

222 

 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION OF OTP BANK PLC., ACCORDING TO IFRS STANDARDS AS 
ADOPTED BY THE EUROPEAN UNION (CONSOLIDATED)1 

Cash, amounts due from banks and balances with the National Banks 
Placements with other banks, net of loss allowance for placements 
Repo receivables 
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss 
Securities at fair value through other comprehensive income 
Loans at amortized cost 
Loans mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss 
Finance lease receivables 
Associates and other investments 
Loans at amortized cost 
Property and equipment 
Intangible assets and goodwill 
Right-of-use assets 
Investment properties 
Derivative financial assets designated as hedge accounting 
Deferred tax assets 
Current income tax receivable 
Other assets 
Assets classified as held for sale 

TOTAL ASSETS 

Amounts due to banks, the  National Governments, deposits from the  
National Banks and other banks  
Repo liabilities 
Financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss 
Deposits from customers 
Liabilities from issued securities 
Derivative financial liabilities held for trading 
Derivative financial liabilities designated as hedge accounting 
Leasing liabilities 
Deferred tax liabilities 
Current income tax payable 
Provisions 
Other liabilities 
Subordinated bonds and loans 
Liabilities directly associated with assets classified as held for sale 
TOTAL LIABILITIES 
Share capital 
Retained earnings and reserves 
Treasury shares 
Total equity attributable to the parent 
Total equity attributable to non-controlling interest 
TOTAL SHARHOLDERS' EQUITY 

TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY 

2023 
HUF million 
7,125,049 
1,566,998 
223,884 
288,885 
1,601,461 
17,676,533 
1,400,485 
1,289,712 
96,110 
5,249,272 
523,124 
291,358 
74,698 
53,381 
41,967 
55,691 
7,773 
509,430 
1,533,333 
39,609,144 

2022 
HUF million 
4,221,392 
1,351,082 
41,009 
436,387 
1,739,603 
16,094,458 
1,247,414 
1,298,752 
73,849 
4,891,938 
464,469 
237,031 
58,937 
47,452 
48,247 
75,421 
5,650 
471,119 
- 
32,804,210 

1,940,862 

1,463,158 

126,237 
70,707 
28,332,431 
2,095,548 
140,488 
63,899 
76,313 
28,663 
69,948 
121,119 
745,820 
562,396 
1,139,920 
35,514,351 
28,000 
4,179,322 
(120,489) 
4,086,833 
7,960 
4,094,793 
39,609,144 

217,369 
54,191 
25,188,805 
870,682 
385,747 
27,949 
63,778 
40,094 
28,866 
131,621 
707,654 
301,984 
- 
29,481,898 
28,000 
3,395,215 
(106,862) 
3,316,353 
5,959 
3,322,312 
32,804,210 

Change 
% 
69 
16 
446 
(34) 
(8) 
10 
12 
(1) 
30 
7 
13 
23 
27 
12 
(13) 
(26) 
38 
8 

21 

33 

(42) 
30 
12 
141 
(64) 
129 
20 
(29) 
142 
(8) 
5 
86 

20 
0 
23 
13 
23 
34 
23 
21 

1 The rows of the table are based on audited numbers, but the structure of the table can differ from the IFRS financial statements presented in the Annual 
Report (certain rows might be merged or represent different level of aggregation) 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

223 

 
 
  
  
 
 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

SECURITY LISTED ON THE BUDAPEST STOCK EXCHANGE BETWEEN 01/01/2014 AND 31/12/2023 

Issuer 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Mortgage Bank 
OTP Mortgage Bank 
OTP Mortgage Bank 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 

Type of security 

Security name 

Date of issue 

Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Mortgage bond 
Mortgage bond 
Mortgage bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 

OTP_EURO_1 2015/II    
OTP_EURO_2 2016/I    
OTP_EURO_1 2015/III    
OTP_EURO_2 2016/II    
OTP_EURO_1 2015/IV    
OTP_EURO_2 2016/III    
OTP_ EURO_1 2015/V    
OTP_EURO_2 2016/IV    
OTP_EURO_1 2015/VI    
OTP_EURO_2 2016/V    
OTP_EURO_1 2015/VII    
OTP_EURO_2 2016/VI    
OTP_EURO_1 2015/VIII    
OTP_EURO_2 2016/VII    
OTP_EURO_1 2015/IX    
OTP_EURO_2 2016/VIII    
OTP_EURO_1 2015/X 
OTP_EURO_2 2016/IX    
OTP_EURO_1 2015/XI 
OTP_EURO_2 2016/X 
OTP_EURO_1 2015/XII    
OTP_EURO_2 2016/XI    
OTP_EURO_1 2015/XIII    
OTP_EURO_2 2016/XII    
OTP_EURO_1 2015/XIV 
OTP_EURO_2 2016/XIII 
OTP_EURO_1 2015/XV 
OTP_EURO_2 2016/XIV 
OTP_EURO_1 2015/XVI 
OTP_EURO_2 2016/XV 
OTP_EURO_1 2015/XVII 
OTP_EURO_2 2016/XVI 
OTP_EURO_1 2015/XVIII 
OTP_EURO_2 2016/XVII 
OTP_EURO_1 2015/XIX 
OTP_EURO_2 2016/XVIII 
OTP_EURO_1 2015/XX 
OTP_EURO_2 2016/XIX 
OTP_EURO_1 2015/XXI 
OTP_EURO_1 2015/XXII 
OTP_EURO_1 2015/XXIII 
OTP_EURO_1 2015/XXIV 
OTP_VK_USD_2 2016/I 
OTP_EURO_1 2015/XXV 
OTP_EURO_1 2015/XXVI 
OTP_EURO_1 2016/I 
OTP_EURO_1 2016/II 
OTP_EURO_1 2016/III 
OTP_VK_USD_2 2017/I 
OTP_EURO_1 2016/IV 
OTP_EURO_1 2016/V 
OTP_VK_USD_1 2016/I 
OTP_EURO_1 2016/VI 
OTP_EURO_1 2016/VII 
OTP_EURO_1 2016/VIII 
OTP_VK_USD_1 2016/II 
OTP_VK_USD_1 2016/III 
OTP_EURO_1 2016/IX 
OTP_EURO_1 2016/X 
OTP_EURO_1 2016/XI 
OTP_EURO_1 2016/XII 
OTP_EURO_1 2016/XIII 
OTP_VK_USD_1 2017/I 
OTP_EURO_1 2017/I 
OTP_EURO_1 2017/II  
OTP_EURO_1 2017/III  
OTP_VK_USD_1 2017/II  
OTP_EURO_1 2017/IV  
OTP_EURO_1 2017/V 
OTP_VK_USD_1 2017/III 
OTP_EURO_1 2017/VI 
OTP_EURO_1 2017/VII 
OTP_EURO_1 2017/VIII 
OTP_EURO_1 2017/IX 
OTP_VK_USD_1 2017/IV 
OTP_EURO_1 2017/X 
OTP_VK_USD_1 2018/I 
OJB2021/I 
OJB2020/III 
OJB2022/I 
OTP_VK_USD_1 2018/II 
OTP_VK_USD_1 2018/III 

17/01/2014 
17/01/2014 
31/01/2014 
31/01/2014 
14/02/2014 
14/02/2014 
28/02/2014 
28/02/2014 
14/03/2014 
14/03/2014 
21/03/2014 
21/03/2014 
11/04/2014 
11/04/2014 
18/04/2014 
18/04/2014 
09/05/2014 
09/05/2014 
23/05/2014 
23/05/2014 
06/06/2014 
06/06/2014 
20/06/2014 
20/06/2014 
04/07/2014 
04/07/2014 
18/07/2014 
18/07/2014 
30/07/2014 
30/07/2014 
08/08/2014 
08/08/2014 
29/08/2014 
29/08/2014 
12/09/2014 
12/09/2014 
03/10/2014 
03/10/2014 
22/10/2014 
31/10/2014 
14/11/2014 
28/11/2014 
28/11/2014 
19/12/2014 
09/01/2015 
30/01/2015 
20/02/2015 
20/03/2015 
10/04/2015 
10/04/2015 
24/04/2015 
24/04/2015 
29/05/2015 
30/06/2015 
24/07/2015 
24/07/2015 
25/09/2015 
25/09/2015 
30/10/2015 
11/11/2015 
27/11/2015 
30/12/2015 
29/01/2016 
29/01/2016 
12/02/2016 
26/02/2016 
18/03/2016 
18/03/2016 
15/04/2016 
27/05/2016 
27/05/2016 
10/06/2016 
01/07/2016 
10/08/2016 
16/09/2016 
16/09/2016 
20/01/2017 
15/02/2017 
23/02/2017 
24/02/2017 
03/03/2017 
13/04/2017 

Date of maturity 
31/01/2015 
17/01/2016 
14/02/2015 
31/01/2016 
28/02/2015 
14/02/2016 
14/03/2015 
28/02/2016 
28/03/2015 
14/03/2016 
04/04/2015 
21/03/2016 
25/04/2015 
11/04/2016 
02/05/2015 
18/04/2016 
23/05/2015 
09/05/2016 
06/06/2015 
23/05/2016 
20/06/2015 
06/06/2016 
04/07/2015 
20/06/2016 
18/07/2015 
04/07/2016 
01/08/2015 
18/07/2016 
13/08/2015 
30/07/2016 
22/08/2015 
08/08/2016 
12/09/2015 
29/08/2016 
26/09/2015 
12/09/2016 
17/10/2015 
03/10/2016 
05/11/2015 
14/11/2015 
28/11/2015 
12/12/2015 
28/11/2016 
02/01/2016 
23/01/2016 
13/02/2016 
06/03/2016 
03/04/2016 
10/04/2017 
24/04/2016 
08/05/2016 
24/04/2016 
12/06/2016 
14/07/2016 
07/08/2016 
24/07/2016 
25/09/2016 
09/10/2016 
13/11/2016 
25/11/2016 
11/12/2016 
13/01/2017 
29/01/2017 
12/02/2017 
26/02/2017 
12/03/2017 
18/03/2017 
01/04/2017 
29/04/2017 
27/05/2017 
10/06/2017 
24/06/2017 
15/07/2017 
24/08/2017 
16/09/2017 
30/09/2017 
20/01/2018 
27/10/2021 
20/05/2020 
24/05/2022 
03/03/2018 
13/04/2018 

Ccy 
EUR 
EUR 
EUR 
EUR 
EUR 
EUR 
EUR 
EUR 
EUR 
EUR 
EUR 
EUR 
EUR 
EUR 
EUR 
EUR 
EUR 
EUR 
EUR 
EUR 
EUR 
EUR 
EUR 
EUR 
EUR 
EUR 
EUR 
EUR 
EUR 
EUR 
EUR 
EUR 
EUR 
EUR 
EUR 
EUR 
EUR 
EUR 
EUR 
EUR 
EUR 
EUR 
USD 
EUR 
EUR 
EUR 
EUR 
EUR 
USD 
EUR 
EUR 
USD 
EUR 
EUR 
EUR 
USD 
USD 
EUR 
EUR 
EUR 
EUR 
EUR 
USD 
EUR 
EUR 
EUR 
USD 
EUR 
EUR 
USD 
EUR 
EUR 
EUR 
EUR 
USD 
EUR 
USD 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
USD 
USD 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

224 

OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

Issuer 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Mortgage Bank 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Mortgage Bank 
OTP Mortgage Bank 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Mortgage Bank 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Mortgage Bank 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Mortgage Bank 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Mortgage Bank 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Mortgage Bank 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Mortgage Bank 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Mortgage Bank 
OTP Bank Plc. 

Type of security 

Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Mortgage bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Mortgage bond 
Mortgage bond 
Retail bond 
Mortgage bond 
Retail bond 
Corporate bond 
Corporate bond 
Corporate bond 
Corporate bond 
Corporate bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Corporate bond 
Corporate bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Mortgage bond 
Retail bond 
Mortgage bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Corporate bond 
Corporate bond 
Corporate bond 
Corporate bond 
Corporate bond 
Corporate bond 
Retail bond 
Mortgage bond 
Corporate bond 
Corporate bond 
Corporate bond 
Corporate bond 
Corporate bond 
Corporate bond 
Corporate bond 
Mortgage bond 
Corporate bond 
Corporate bond 
Corporate bond 
Corporate bond 
Corporate bond 
Corporate bond 
Corporate bond 
Mortgage bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Corporate bond 
Corporate bond 
Corporate bond 
Corporate bond 
Corporate bond 
Corporate bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Mortgage bond 
Retail bond 

Security name 
OTP_VK_USD_1 2018/IV 
OTP_VK_USD_1 2018/V 
OTP_VK_USD_1 2018/VI 
OTP_VK_USD_1 2018/VII 
OTP_VK_USD_1 2018/VIII 
OTP_VK_USD_1 2018/IX 
OTP_VK_USD_1 2019/I 
OTP_VK_USD_1 2019/II 
OJB2023/I 
OTP_VK_USD_1 2019/III 
OTP_VK_USD_1 2019/IV 
OTP_VK_USD_1 2019/V 
OJB2024/A 
OJB2024/B 
OTP_VK_USD_1 2019/VI 
OJB2024/II 
OTP_VK_USD_1 2019/VII 
OTP_DK_HUF_2019/II 
OTP_DK_HUF_2020/I 
OTP_DK_HUF_2021/I 
OTP_DK_HUF_2022/I 
OTP_DK_HUF_2023/I 
OTP_VK_USD_1 2019/VIII 
OTP_VK_USD_1 2020/I 
OTP_VK_USD_1 2020/II 
OTP_VK_USD_1 2020/III 
OTP_DK_HUF_2024/I 
OTP_DK_HUF_2025/I 
OTP_VK_USD_1 2020/IV 
OTP_VK_USD_1 2020/V 
OTP_VK_USD_1 2020/VI 
OTP_VK_USD_1 2020/VII 
OTP_VK_USD_1 2020/VIII 
OJB2025/II 
OTP_VK_USD_1 2021/I 
OJB2024/C 
OTP_VK_USD_1 2021/II 
OTP_VK_USD_1 2021/III 
OTP_DK_HUF_2022/II 
OTP_DK_HUF_2023/II 
OTP_DK_HUF_2024/II 
OTP_DK_HUF_2025/II 
OTP_DK_HUF_2026/I 
OTP_DK_HUF_2027/I 
OTP_VK_USD_1 2021/IV 
OJB2027/I 
OTP_DK_HUF_2025/III 
OTP_DK_HUF_2024/III 
OTP_DK_HUF_2027/II 
OTP_DK_HUF_2026/II 
OTP_DK_HUF_2028/I 
OTP_DK_HUF_2029/I 
OTP_DK_HUF_2030/I 
OJB2031/I 
OTP_DK_HUF_2026/III 
OTP_DK_HUF_2027/III 
OTP_DK_HUF_2028/II 
OTP_DK_HUF_2029/II 
OTP_DK_HUF_2030/II 
OTP_DK_HUF_2031/I 
OTP_DK_HUF_2032/I 
OJB2029/A 
OTP_HUF_2025/1 
OTP_HUF_2026/1 
OTP_HUF_2024/1 
OTP_HUF_2024/2 
OTP_HUF_2024/3 
OTP_HUF_2024/4 
OTP_HUF_2024/5 
OTP_DK_HUF_2028/III 
OTP_DK_HUF_2029/III 
OTP_DK_HUF_2030/III 
OTP_DK_HUF_2031/II 
OTP_DK_HUF_2032/II 
OTP_DK_HUF_2033/I 
OTP_HUF_2024/6 
OTP_HUF_2024/7 
OTP_HUF_2024/8 
OTP_HUF_2025/2 
OTP_HUF_2024/9 
OTP_HUF_2024/10 
OTP_HUF_2024/11 
OJB2032/A 
OTP_HUF_2024/12 

Date of issue 

02/06/2017 
14/07/2017 
04/08/2017 
29/09/2017 
17/11/2017 
20/12/2017 
16/02/2018 
29/03/2018 
05/04/2018 
18/05/2018 
28/06/2018 
06/08/2018 
17/09/2018 
18/09/2018 
04/10/2018 
10/10/2018 
15/11/2018 
15/12/2018 
15/12/2018 
15/12/2018 
15/12/2018 
15/12/2018 
20/12/2018 
21/02/2019 
04/04/2019 
16/05/2019 
30/05/2019 
30/05/2019 
27/06/2019 
15/08/2019 
26/09/2019 
07/11/2019 
19/12/2019 
03/02/2020 
20/02/2020 
24/02/2020 
02/04/2020 
14/05/2020 
29/05/2020 
29/05/2020 
29/05/2020 
29/05/2020 
29/05/2020 
29/05/2020 
18/06/2020 
23/07/2020 
31/05/2021 
31/05/2021 
31/05/2021 
31/05/2021 
31/05/2021 
31/05/2021 
31/05/2021 
18/08/2021 
31/03/2022 
31/03/2022 
31/03/2022 
31/03/2022 
31/03/2022 
31/03/2022 
31/03/2022 
25/07/2022 
18/11/2022 
22/12/2022 
17/02/2023 
10/03/2023 
31/03/2023 
21/04/2023 
12/05/2023 
01/06/2023 
01/06/2023 
01/06/2023 
01/06/2023 
01/06/2023 
01/06/2023 
02/06/2023 
23/06/2023 
30/06/2023 
30/06/2023 
28/07/2023 
07/08/2023 
01/09/2023 
20/09/2023 
25/09/2023 

Date of maturity 
02/06/2018 
14/07/2018 
04/08/2018 
29/09/2018 
17/11/2018 
20/12/2018 
16/02/2019 
29/03/2019 
24/11/2023 
18/05/2019 
28/06/2019 
06/08/2019 
20/05/2024 
24/05/2024 
04/10/2019 
24/10/2024 
15/11/2019 
31/05/2019 
31/05/2020 
31/05/2021 
31/05/2022 
31/05/2023 
20/12/2019 
21/02/2020 
04/04/2020 
16/05/2020 
31/05/2024 
31/05/2025 
27/06/2020 
15/08/2020 
26/09/2020 
07/11/2020 
19/12/2020 
26/11/2025 
20/02/2021 
24/10/2024 
02/04/2021 
14/05/2021 
31/05/2022 
31/05/2023 
31/05/2024 
31/05/2025 
31/05/2026 
31/05/2027 
18/06/2021 
27/10/2027 
31/05/2025 
31/05/2024 
31/05/2027 
31/05/2026 
31/05/2028 
31/05/2029 
31/05/2030 
22/10/2031 
31/05/2026 
31/05/2027 
31/05/2028 
31/05/2029 
31/05/2030 
31/05/2031 
31/05/2032 
24/05/2029 
18/11/2025 
05/01/2026 
17/02/2024 
10/03/2024 
31/03/2024 
21/04/2024 
12/05/2024 
31/05/2028 
31/05/2029 
31/05/2030 
31/05/2031 
31/05/2032 
31/05/2033 
02/06/2024 
23/06/2024 
30/06/2024 
30/06/2025 
28/07/2024 
07/08/2024 
01/09/2024 
24/11/2032 
25/09/2024 

Ccy 
USD 
USD 
USD 
USD 
USD 
USD 
USD 
USD 
HUF 
USD 
USD 
USD 
HUF 
HUF 
USD 
HUF 
USD 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
USD 
USD 
USD 
USD 
HUF 
HUF 
USD 
USD 
USD 
USD 
USD 
HUF 
USD 
HUF 
USD 
USD 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
USD 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

225 

OTP BANK 

Issuer 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 
OTP Bank Plc. 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

Type of security 

Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 
Retail bond 

Security name 
OTP_TBSZ_HUF_2028/1 
OTP_HUF_2024/13 
OTP_HUF_2024/14 
OTP_HUF_2026/2 
OTP_HUF_2024/15 

Date of issue 

13/10/2023 
20/10/2023 
17/11/2023 
15/12/2023 
20/12/2023 

Date of maturity 
15/12/2028 
20/10/2024 
17/11/2024 
15/12/2026 
20/12/2024 

Ccy 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

226 

 
 
 
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

COMPANIES INVOLVED IN THE SCOPE OF CONSOLIDATION 
(in IFRS consolidated accounts) 

Description 
1.  OTP Bank Plc. 
2.  OTP Ingatlan Zrt. 

BANK  CENTER  No.  1.  Beruházási  és 
3. 
Fejlesztési Kft. 
4.  OTP Alapkezelő Zrt. 
5.  OTP Faktoring Követeléskezelő Zrt. 
6.  OTP Lakástakarék Zrt. 
7.  Merkantil Bank Zrt. 
8.  OTP Faktoring Vagyonkezelő Kft. 

Merkantil Bérlet Kft. 

9. 

10.  OTP Jelzálogbank Zrt. 
11.  OTP Pénztárszolgáltató Zrt. 
12.  NIMO 2002 Ker. és Szolgáltató Kft. 
13.  OTP Ingatlan Befektetési Alapkezelő Zrt. 
14.  OTP Kártyagyártó és Szolgáltató Kft. 
15.  Air-Invest Vagyonkezelö Kft. 

SPLC–P 
Ingatlanhasznosító Kft. 

16. 

Ingatlanfejlesztő, 

SPLC Vagyonkezelő Kft. 

17. 
18.  OTP Ingatlanlízing Zrt. 
19.  OTP Életjáradék Ingatlanbefektető Zrt. 
20.  OTP Ingatlanpont Ingatlanközvetítő Kft. 
21.  OTP Hungaro-Projekt Kft. 
22.  OTP Mérnöki Szolgáltató Kft. 
23.  OTP Ingatlanüzemeltető Kft. 

PortfoLion  Kockázati  Tőkealap-kezelő 
Zrt. 

24. 
25.  MONICOMP Zrt. 

CIL Babér Kft. 

26. 
27.  OTP Pénzügyi Pont Zrt. 
Bajor-Polár  Center 
Zrt. 

28. 
29.  OTP Mobil Szolgáltató Kft. 
30.  OTP Travel Kft. 

Ingatlanhasznosító 

OTP  Ecosystem  Korlátolt  Felelősségű 
Társaság 
OTP Bank Munkavállalói Résztulajdonosi 
Program Szervezet 

32. 
33.  PortfoLion Digital Kft. 

Korlátolt 

Ingatlankezelő 

OTP 
Felelősségű Társaság 
MFM  Projekt  Beruházási  és  Fejlesztési 
Kft. 
ShiwaForce.com  Zártkörűen  Működő 
Részvénytársaság 

36. 
37.  EiSYS Kft. 
38.  OTP Otthonmegoldások Kft. 

39. 

OD  Informatikai  Fejlesztő  és  Szolgáltató 
Korlátolt Felelősségű Társaság 
BALANSZ 
Ingatlanalap 

Nyíltvégű 

Zártkörű 

40. 
41.  PortfoLion Zöld Magántőkealap 
42.  PortfoLion Digitális Magántőkealap I. 
43.  PortfoLion Regionális Magántőkealap 
44.  PortfoLion Regionális Magántőkelap II. 
45.  PortfoLion Partner Magántőke Alap 
46.  PortfoLion Digitális Magántőkealap II. 

“Nemesszalóki 
Állattenyésztési, 
Termelő és Szolgáltató Zrt. 

Mezőgazdasági” 
Növénytermesztési, 

47. 
48.  ZA-Invest Béta Kft. 

49. 

Zártkörűen 

NAGISZ  Mezőgazdasági  Termelő  és 
Szolgáltató 
Működő 
Részvénytársaság 
Nádudvari  Élelmiszer  Feldolgozó  és 
Kereskedelmi  Korlátolt 
Felelősségű 
Társaság 

50. 
51.  Hage Hajdúsági Agráripari Zrt. 

31. 

34. 

35. 

Main activity 
monetary intermediation 
buying and selling of own real estate 

renting and operating real estate 

fund management activities 
other financial services 
monetary intermediation 
monetary intermediation 
buying and selling of own real estate 
renting and operating real estate, leasing machines and 
equipment 
monetary intermediation 
activities auxiliary to financial services 
renting and operating real estate 
fund management activities 
manufacture of plastic products 
passenger air transport 

renting and operating real estate 

trade of passenger vehicles, renting and operating real 
estate 
credit granting, financial leasing 
buying and selling of own real estate 
real estate brokerage 
business management consultancy 
engineering activity 
real estate operation 

fund management activities 

repair of computers and computer peripherals 
renting 
operating 
and 
management consultancy 
activities auxiliary to financial services 

estate, 

real 

business 

renting and operating real estate 

IT services 
travel agency services 

other information technology services 

activities auxiliary to financial services 

business management consultancy 

real estate management 

renting and operating real estate 

computer programming 

IT consultancy 
data processing 

computer programming 

investment fund 

investment fund 
investment fund 
investment fund 
investment fund 
investment fund 
investment fund 

agricultural activity 

agricultural activity 

agricultural activity 

agricultural activity 

agricultural activity 

Country of tax residence 
Hungary 
Hungary 

Hungary 

Hungary 
Hungary 
Hungary 
Hungary 
Hungary 

Hungary 

Hungary 
Hungary 
Hungary 
Hungary 
Hungary 
Hungary 

Hungary 

Hungary 

Hungary 
Hungary 
Hungary 
Hungary 
Hungary 
Hungary 

Hungary 

Hungary 

Hungary 

Hungary 

Hungary 

Hungary 
Hungary 

Hungary 

Hungary 

Hungary 

Hungary 

Hungary 

Hungary 

Hungary 
Hungary 

Hungary 

Hungary 

Hungary 
Hungary 
Hungary 
Hungary 
Hungary 
Hungary 

Hungary 

Hungary 

Hungary 

Hungary 

Hungary 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

227 

 
  
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

52. 

53. 

54. 

57. 

58. 

59. 

60. 

61. 

62. 

63. 

Description 
AFP  Private  Equity  Invest  Zártkörűen 
Működő Részvénytársaság 
ZA-Invest  Delta  korlátolt  Felelősségű 
Társaság 
Foglaljorvost 
Felelősségű Társaság 
OTP  Ecosystem  Korlátolt  Felelősségű 
Társaság 

Korlátolt 

Online 

55. 
56.  JN Parkoló Ingatlanhasznosító Kft. 

Korlátolt 

Zártkörűen 

Kereskedelmi 

Szajki  Mezőgazdasági 
Működő Részvénytársaság 
Szekszárdi  Mezőgazdasági  Zártkörűűen 
Működő Részvénytársaság 
ARANYMEZŐ  2001.  Mezőgazdasági 
Termékelőállító, 
és 
Szolgáltató 
Felelősségű 
Társaság 
AGROMAG-PLUSZ 
Termékelőállító, 
Szolgáltató 
Társaság 
Aranykalász 
korlátolt felelősségű társaság 
ZA Gamma HoldCo Korlátolt Felelősségű 
Társaság 
ZA  Invest  Gamma  Korlátolt  Felelősségű 
Társaság 
ZA-Invest  Kappa  Korlátolt  Felelősségű 
Társaság 

Mezőgazdasági 
és 
Felelősségű 

1955.  Mezőgazdasági 

Kereskedelmi 

Korlátolt 

64. 
65.  Club Hotel Füred Szálloda Kft. 
66.  DSK Bank AD, 
67.  DSK Trans Security EAD 
68.  POK DSK-Rodina AD 
69.  DSK Asset Management EAD 
70.  DSK Leasing AD, 
71.  OTP Insurance Broker EOOD 
72.  OTP Factoring Bulgaria EAD; 
73.  DSK Ventures EAD 
74.  DSK DOM EAD 
75.  OTP Leasing EOOD; 
76.  Regional Urban Development Fund AD 
77.  OTP banka dioničko društvo 
78.  OTP Invest d.o.o. 
79.  OTP Nekretnine d.o.o 
80.  OTP Leasing d.d. 
81.  CRESCO d.o.o. 
82.  Georg d.o.o 
83.  SKB banka d.d. Ljubljana 
84.  SKB Leasing d.o.o. 
85.  SKB Leasing Select d.o.o. 

86. 

Mendota Invest, Nepremicninska druzba, 
d.o.o. 
Mendota Invest, Nepremicninska druzba, 
d.o.o. 

87. 
88.  Nova Kreditna Banka Maribor d.d. 

89. 

ALEJA FINANCE, FINANCNE IN DRUGE 
STORITVE, D.O.O. 
OTP  banka  Srbija  akcionarsko  drustvo 
Novi Sad 

90. 
91.  OTP Investments d.o.o. Novi Sad 
92.  OTP Factoring Serbia d.o.o. 
93.  R.E. Four d.o.o. Novi Sad 
94.  PEVEC d.o.o Beograd 
95.  OTP Lizing d.o.o. 
96.  OTP Services d. o. o. Beograd 
97.  OTP Leasing Srbija d.o.o Beograd 
98.  OTP Osiguranje A.D.O. Beograd 
99.  Banka OTP Albania SHA 

100.  Crnogorska Komercijalna Banka a.d. 
101.  OTP Debt Collection d.o.o. Podgorica 
102.  JSCMB ‘IPOTEKA BANK’ 
103.  JSC “OTP Bank” (Russia) 
104.  Velvin Ventures Ltd. 
105.  LLC MFO “OTP Finance” 
106.  OTP Bank JSC (Ukraine) 
107.  LLC AMC OTP Capital 
108.  LLC OTP Leasing 
109.  OTP Factoring Ukraine LLC 
110.  OTP Solution Fund 

Main activity 

asset management (holding) 

asset management (holding) 

World Wide Web portal service 

Other information technology services 

Services to buildings 
Growing of cereals (except rice), leguminous crops, oil 
seeds 
Growing of cereals (except rice), leguminous crops, oil 
seeds 

Growing of cereals (except rice),  leguminous crops, oil 
seeds 

Growing of cereals (except rice), leguminous crops, oil 
seeds 
Growing of cereals (except rice), leguminous crops, oil 
seeds 

Asset management (holding) 

Asset management (holding) 

Asset management (holding) 
Hotel services 
monetary intermediation 
security services 
pension insurance 
fund management activities 
financial leasing 
activities of insurance agents and brokers 
factoring, trade credit 
commercial mediation, marketing, IT services 
credit intermediation 
financial leasing 
financing of urban development plans 
monetary intermediation 
fund management activities 
development of construction projects 
financial leasing 
buying and selling of own real estate 
business management consultancy 
monetary intermediation 
financial leasing 
financial leasing 

property developer, manager 

Real estate management 

Other monetary intermediation 
Other  activities  auxiliary  to  financial  services,  except 
insurance and pension funding 

monetary intermediation 

other financial services 
other financial services 
buying and selling of own real estate 
warehousing 
financial leasing 
trade of passenger vehicles 
financial leasing 
insurance 
monetary intermediation 
monetary intermediation 
other financial intermediation 
Other monetary intermediation 
monetary intermediation 
real estate brokerage 
micro-financial operation 
monetary intermediation 
fund management activities 
financial leasing 
receivable management, credit intermediation 
investment fund 

Country of tax residence 

Hungary 

Hungary 

Hungary 

Hungary 

Hungary 

Hungary 

Hungary 

Hungary 

Hungary 

Hungary 

Hungary 

Hungary 

Hungary 

Hungary 
Bulgaria 
Bulgaria 
Bulgaria 
Bulgaria 
Bulgaria 
Bulgaria 
Bulgaria 
Bulgaria 
Bulgaria 
Bulgaria 
Bulgaria 
Croatia 
Croatia 
Croatia 
Croatia 
Croatia 
Croatia 
Slovenia 
Slovenia 
Slovenia 

Slovenia 

Slovenia 

Slovenia 

Slovenia 

Serbia 

Serbia 
Serbia 
Serbia 
Serbia 
Serbia 
Serbia 
Serbia 
Serbia 
Albania 
Montenegro 
Montenegro 
Uzbekistan 
Russia 
Russia 
Russia 
Ukraine 
Ukraine 
Ukraine 
Ukraine 
Ukraine 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

228 

  
OTP BANK 

BUSINESS REPORT 2023 (CONSOLIDATED) 

Description 

111.  OTP Bank Romania S.A. 
112.  OTP Leasing Romania IFN S.A. 
113.  OTP Asset Management SAI S.A. 
114.  OTP Factoring SRL 
115.  SC Aloha Buzz SRL 
116.  SC Favo Consultanta SRL 
117.  SC Tezaur Cont SRL 
118.  OTP Bank S.A. 
119.  OTP Holding Ltd. 
120.  OTP Luxembourg S.à r.l. 
121.  OTP Financing Solutions B.V. 
122.  OTP Holding Malta Ltd. 
123.  OTP Financing Malta Ltd. 
124.  Project 01 Consulting, s. r. o. 

Main activity 
monetary intermediation 
financial leasing 
fund management activities 
other financial services 
other financial services 
other financial services 
other financial services 
monetary intermediation 
other financial services 
Asset management (holding) 
loan receivables 
financial holdings 
lending 
other financial services 

Country of tax residence 
Romania 
Romania 
Romania 
Romania 
Romania 
Romania 
Romania 
Moldova 
Cyprus 
Luxembourg 
Netherlands 
Malta 
Malta 
Slovakia 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

229 

 
  
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORTS 2023 
(SEPARATE AND CONSOLIDATED, IN ACCORDANCE WITH IFRS) 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

230 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

AUDITORS’ REPORTS 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

231 

 
 
 
OTP BANK 

AUDITORS’ REPORTS 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

232 

 
 
 
OTP BANK 

AUDITORS’ REPORTS 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

233 

 
 
 
OTP BANK 

AUDITORS’ REPORTS 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

234 

 
 
 
OTP BANK 

AUDITORS’ REPORTS 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

235 

 
 
 
OTP BANK 

AUDITORS’ REPORTS 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

236 

 
 
 
OTP BANK 

AUDITORS’ REPORTS 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

237 

 
 
 
OTP BANK 

AUDITORS’ REPORTS 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

238 

 
 
 
OTP BANK 

AUDITORS’ REPORTS 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

239 

 
 
 
OTP BANK 

AUDITORS’ REPORTS 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

240 

 
 
 
OTP BANK 

AUDITORS’ REPORTS 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

241 

 
 
 
OTP BANK 

AUDITORS’ REPORTS 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

242 

 
 
 
OTP BANK 

AUDITORS’ REPORTS 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

243 

 
 
 
OTP BANK 

AUDITORS’ REPORTS 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

244 

 
 
 
OTP BANK 

AUDITORS’ REPORTS 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

245 

 
 
 
OTP BANK 

AUDITORS’ REPORTS 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

246 

 
 
 
OTP BANK 

AUDITORS’ REPORTS 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

247 

 
 
 
OTP BANK 

AUDITORS’ REPORTS 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

248 

 
 
 
OTP BANK 

AUDITORS’ REPORTS 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

249 

 
 
 
OTP BANK 

AUDITORS’ REPORTS 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

250 

 
 
 
OTP BANK 

AUDITORS’ REPORTS 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

251 

 
 
 
OTP BANK 

AUDITORS’ REPORTS 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

252 

 
 
 
OTP BANK 

AUDITORS’ REPORTS 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

253 

 
 
 
OTP BANK 

AUDITORS’ REPORTS 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

254 

 
 
 
SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS IN ACCORDANCE WITH IFRS (2023) 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

255 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

OTP BANK PLC. 
SEPARATE STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2023 
(in HUF mn) 

Note 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

Cash, amounts due from banks and balances with the National Bank of Hungary 
Placements with other banks 
Repo receivables 
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss 
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income 
Securities at amortised cost 
Loans at amortised cost 
Loans mandatorily measured at fair value through profit or loss 
Investments in subsidiaries 
Property and equipment 
Intangible assets 
Right of use assets 
Investment properties 
Deferred tax assets 
Current tax assets 
Derivative financial assets designated as hedge accounting relationships 
Non-current assets held for sale 
Other assets 

TOTAL ASSETS 

Amounts due  to  banks  and deposits  from  the  National  Bank of Hungary  and 
other banks  
Repo liabilities 
Deposits from customers 
Leasing liabilities 
Liabilities from issued securities 
Financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss 
Derivative financial liabilities designated as held for trading 
Derivative financial liabilities designated as hedge accounting relationships 
Current tax liabilities 
Provisions 
Other liabilities 
Subordinated bonds and loans 

TOTAL LIABILITIES 

Share capital 
Retained earnings and reserves 
Treasury shares 

TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY 

5. 
6. 
7. 
8. 
9. 
10. 
11. 
11. 
12. 
13. 
13. 
35. 
14. 
34. 
34. 
15. 
46. 
16. 

17. 
18. 
19. 
35. 
20. 
21. 
22. 
23. 
34. 
24. 
24. 
25. 

26. 
27. 
28. 

2,708,232 
2,702,433 
201,658 
257,535 
559,527 
2,710,848 
4,681,359 
934,848 
2,001,952 
107,306 
98,115 
66,222 
4,203 
408 
- 
21,628 
130,718 
365,961 

1,092,198 
2,899,829 
246,529 
410,012 
797,175 
3,282,373 
4,825,040 
793,242 
1,596,717 
94,564 
69,480 
39,882 
4,207 
35,742 
1,569 
47,220 
- 
329,752 

17,552,953 

16,565,531 

1,761,579 
443,694 
10,734,325 
68,282 
1,163,109 
19,786 
183,565 
27,423 
14,393 
22,497 
295,399 
520,296 

1,736,128 
408,366 
11,119,158 
41,464 
498,709 
16,576 
373,401 
50,623 
3,199 
29,656 
313,188 
294,186 

15,254,348 

14,884,654 

28,000 
2,276,759 
(6,154) 

28,000 
1,655,601 
(2,724) 

2,298,605 

1,680,877 

TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY 

17,552,953 

16,565,531 

Budapest, 20 March 2024 

Dr. Sándor Csányi 
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer 

László Wolf 
Deputy Chief Executive Officer 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

256 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

OTP BANK PLC. 
SEPARATE STATEMENT OF PROFIT OR LOSS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 
31 DECEMBER 2023 
(in HUF mn) 

Interest Income: 
Interest income calculated using the effective interest method 
Income similar to interest income 
Interest income and similar to interest income total 

Interest Expense: 
Interest expenses total 

NET INTEREST INCOME 

Note 

29. 
29. 

Year ended 31 
December 
2023 

Year ended 31 
December 
2022 

1,227,173 
795,906 
2,023,079 

721,679 
377,231 
1,098,910 

29. 

(1,556,361) 

(802,020) 

466,718 

296,890 

(Release of loss allowance) / Loss allowance on loan, placement and 

repo receivables losses 

6., 7., 11., 30. 

8,616 

(47,687) 

(Release of loss allowance) / Loss allowance on securities at fair value 
through  other  comprehensive  income  and  on  securities  at 
amortised cost 

(Release of provision) / Provision for loan commitments and financial 

guarantees given 

Change in the fair value attributable to changes in the credit risk of 
loans mandatorily measured at fair value through profit of loss  

Risk cost total 

9., 10., 30. 

11,879 

(53,238) 

24., 30. 

45.4. 

7,172 

(980) 
26,687 

(5,541) 

11,872 
(94,594) 

NET INTEREST INCOME AFTER RISK COST 

493,405 

202,296 

LOSSES  ARISING 

FROM  DERECOGNITION  OF 
FINANCIAL  ASSETS  MEASURED  AT  AMORTISED 
COST 

MODIFICATION LOSS 

Income from fees and commissions 
Expenses from fees and commissions 
NET PROFIT FROM FEES AND COMMISSIONS 

Foreign exchange (losses) and gains  
Gains and (losses)  on securities, net 
Gains / (losses) on financial instruments at fair value through profit or 

loss 

Net results on derivative instruments and hedge relationships 
Dividend income 
Other operating income 
Other operating expenses 
NET OPERATING INCOME 

Personnel expenses 
Depreciation and amortization 
Other administrative expenses 
OTHER ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES 

PROFIT BEFORE INCOME TAX 
Income tax 
PROFIT AFTER INCOME TAX 

Earnings per share (in HUF) 
Basic 
Diluted 

4. 

31. 
31. 

32. 
32. 

32. 
32. 
32. 
33. 
33. 

33. 
33. 
33. 

34. 

43. 
43. 

(19,707) 

(56,195) 

(9,017) 

(14,856) 

402,885 
(78,755) 
324,130 

(12,269) 
7,073 

91,268 
13,055 
275,705 
26,184 
63,590 
464,606 

(195,404) 
(50,814) 
(281,918) 
(528,136) 

725,281 
(70,293) 
654,988 

362,444 
(66,087) 
296,357 

541 
(10,605) 

(18,790) 
9,917 
194,526 
13,775 
(131,942) 
57,422 

(154,303) 
(46,738) 
(290,989) 
(492,030) 

(7,006) 
13,638 
6,632 

2,344 
2,344 

24 
24 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

257 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

OTP BANK PLC. 
SEPARATE STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEAR ENDED 
31 DECEMBER 2023 
(in HUF mn) 

Note  Year ended 31 
December 
2023 

Year ended 31 
December 
2022 

PROFIT AFTER INCOME TAX 

654,988 

6,632 

Items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss: 

Fair  value  adjustment  of  debt  instruments  at  fair  value  through  other 

comprehensive income 

37,917 

(55,804) 

Deferred tax related to fair value adjustment of debt instruments at fair value 

through other comprehensive income 

34. 

(3,503) 

Gains  /  (Losses)  on  separated  currency  spread  of  financial  instruments 

designated as hedging instrument 

Deferred tax related to (losses) / gains on separated currency spread of financial 

instruments designated as hedging instrument 

34. 

(Losses)  /  Gains  on  derivative  financial  instruments  designated  as  cash  flow 

hedge 

Items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss: 

Gains on equity instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income 
Fair  value  adjustment  of  equity  instruments  at  fair  value  through  other 

comprehensive income 

Deferred  tax  related  to  equity  instruments  at  fair  value  through  other 

comprehensive income 

34. 

3,752 

(338) 

5,700 

- 

3,308 

(374) 

5,186 

(4,887) 

440 

(5,641) 

2,675 

61 

(41) 

Total 

TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 

46,462 

(58,011) 

701,450 

(51,379) 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

258 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

OTP BANK PLC. 
SEPARATE STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY FOR THE YEAR ENDED 
31 DECEMBER 2023 
(in HUF mn) 

Share Capital 

Not
e 

Capital 
reserve 

Retained 
earnings and 
other reserves 

Treasury 
Shares 

Total 

Balance as at 1 January 2022 
Net profit for the period 
Other movement 
Other comprehensive income 
Total comprehensive income 
Share-based payment 
Sale of treasury shares 
Acquisition of treasury shares 
Loss on treasury shares 
Dividend for the year 2021 
Other 
owners 

transaction  with 

Balance  as  at  31  December 

2022 

Balance as at 1 January 2023 
Net profit for the period 
Other comprehensive income 
Total comprehensive income 
Share-based payment 
Sale of treasury shares 
Acquisition of treasury shares 
Loss on sale of treasury shares 
Dividend for the year 2022 
Other 
owners 

transaction  with 

Balance  as  at  31  December 

2023 

39. 
28. 
28. 
28. 

39. 
28. 
28. 
28. 

28,000 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

28,000 

28,000 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

28,000 

52 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

52 

52 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

52 

1,845,784 
6,632 
2 

(58,011) 
(51,377) 
2,948 
- 
- 

(21,558) 
(120,248) 

(58,872) 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
72,416 
(16,268) 
- 
- 

1,814,964 
6,632 
2 

(58,011) 
(51,377) 
2,948 
72,416 
(16,268) 
(21,558) 
(120,248) 

(138,858) 

56,148 

(82,710) 

1,655,549 

(2,724) 

1,680,877 

1,655,549 
654,988 
46,462 
701,450 
3,292 
- 
- 
416 
(84,000) 

(2,724) 
- 
- 
- 
- 
36,388 
(39,818) 
- 
- 

1,680,877 
654,988 
46,462 
701,450 
3,292 
36,388 
(39,818) 
416 
(84,000) 

(80,292) 

(3,430) 

(83,722) 

2,276,707 

(6,154) 

2,298,605 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

259 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

OTP BANK PLC. 
SEPARATE STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 
31 DECEMBER 2023  
(in HUF mn) 

OPERATING ACTIVITIES 

Profit before income tax 

Note  Year ended 31 
December 
2023 

Year ended 31 
December 
2022 

725,281 

(7,006) 

Net accrued interest 
Depreciation and amortization 
Loss allowance on loans and placements 
(Release of loss allowance) / Loss allowance on securities at fair value through 

other comprehensive income 

(Reversal of impairment loss) / Impairment loss on investments in subsidiaries 
(Release of loss allowance) / Loss allowance on securities at amortised cost 
Loss allowance on other assets 
(Release  of  provision)  /  Provision  on  off-balance  sheet  commitments  and 

contingent liabilities 

Share-based payment 
Unrealised gains on fair value adjustment of financial instruments at fair value 

through profit or loss 

Unrealised  (gains)/losses  on  fair  value  adjustment  of  derivative  financial 

instruments 
Gains on securities 
Interest expense from leasing liabilities 
Foreign exchange gain / (loss) 
Proceeds from sale of tangible and intangible assets 

Net changing in assets and liabilities in operating activities 
Net decrease / (increase) in placements with other banks and repo receivables 

before allowance for placement losses 

Changes in held for trading securities 
Change in financial instruments mandatorily measured at fair value through 

profit or loss 

Changes in derivative financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss 
Net increase in loans 
Increase  in  other  assets,  excluding  advances  for  investments  and  before 

provisions for losses 

Net increase in amounts due to banks and deposits from the National Bank of 

Hungary and other banks and repo liabilities 

Financial liabilities designated as fair value through profit or loss 
Net (decrease) / increase in deposits from customers 
(Decrease) / Increase in other liabilities 
Net increase in the compulsory reserve established by the National Bank of 

Hungary 
Dividend income 
Income tax paid 

13. 
30. 

9. 
12. 
10. 
16. 

24. 
39. 

45. 

45. 
32. 
35. 
32. 
33. 

6., 7. 
8. 

8. 
8. 
11. 

16. 
17., 
18. 
21. 
19. 
24. 

5. 
12. 

3,136 
50,834 
357 

(3,303) 
(87,609) 
(8,576) 
3,575 

(6,663) 
3,292 

(95,953) 

(76,357) 
18,890 
(2,081) 
(20,842) 
(1,225) 

291,024 
52,640 

(2,200) 
(32,338) 
(35,369) 

(11,196) 
46,873 
63,939 

25,615 
93,513 
27,623 
2,939 

7,598 
2,948 

11,870 

52,840 
62,354 
(1,186) 
9,359 
(267) 

(521,731) 
(44,181) 

1,925 
136 
(817,297) 

(22,571) 

(99,813) 

105,778 
(1,332) 
(237,889) 
(73,221) 

(402,879) 
(275,705) 
(19,213) 

910,984 
(1,625) 
971,640 
77,424 

(641,125) 
(194,526) 
(19,953) 

Net cash (used in) / provided by operating activities 

(150,519) 

9,674 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

260 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

OTP BANK PLC. 
SEPARATE STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEAR ENDED  
31 DECEMBER 2023 
(in HUF mn) [continued] 

Note  Year ended 31 
December 
2023 

Year ended 31 
December 
2022 

INVESTING ACTIVITIES 

Purchase securities at fair value through other comprehensive income  
through  other 
Proceeds  from  sale  of  securities  at  fair  value 

comprehensive income  

Change  in  derivative  financial  instruments  designated  as  hedge 

accounting 

Increase in investments in subsidiaries  
Dividend income 
Increase in securities at amortised cost 
Redemption of securities at amortised cost 
Additions to property, equipment and intangible assets 
Disposal of property, equipment and intangible assets  
Net increase  in investment properties 

Net provided by / (used in) cash used in investing activities 

FINANCING ACTIVITIES 

Leasing payments 
Cash received from issuance of securities 
Cash used for redemption of issued securities 
Cash received from issuance of subordinated bonds and loans 
Cash used for redemption of subordinated bonds and loans 
Increase of Treasury shares 
Decrease of Treasury shares 
Dividends paid 

Net cash provided by financing activities 

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 

9. 

9. 

12. 

10. 
10. 
13. 
13. 
14. 

20. 
20. 
25. 
25. 
28. 
28. 
27. 

(342,984) 

(1,322,153) 

628,817 

1,074,212 

1,580 
(445,637) 
254,694 
(81,661) 
588,288 
(86,251) 
1,903 
(134) 

13,805 
(117,222) 
194,449 
(624,476) 
415,975 
(60,575) 
648 
(14) 

518,615 

(425,351) 

(5,341) 
829,166 
(140,736) 
293,590 
(44,611) 
(39,818) 
36,804 
(83,995) 

(6,189) 
575,994 
(91,635) 
6,781 
(7,523) 
(16,268) 
50,858 
(120,213) 

845,059 

391,805 

1,213,155 

(23,872) 

Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year 

351,770 

375,642 

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year 

1,564,925 

351,770 

Interest received 
Interest paid 

1,848,542 
1,320,920 

941,406 
511,635 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

261 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 1: 

ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

1.1. 

General information 

OTP Bank Plc. ("Bank" or "OTP Bank") was established on 31 December 1990, when the previously State-owned 
company was transformed into a limited liability company.  

The  Bank’s 
http://www.otpbank.hu/ 

registered  office  address 

is  16,  Nádor  Street,  Budapest  1051. 

Internet  homepage: 

Signatory of the separate financial statements is the Chief Executive Officer, dr. Sándor Csányi and Deputy Chief 
Executive Officer, László Wolf. 

The Bank’s owners have the power to amend the separate financial statements after issue if applicable. 

Responsible person for the control and management of accounting services: Zoltán Tuboly (Budapest), Managing 
Director  of  Accounting  and  Financial  Directorate,  Registration  Number:  177289,  IFRS  qualified  chartered 
accountant. 

Due to Hungarian legislation audit services are statutory for OTP Bank. Disclosure information about the auditor: 
Ernst & Young Audit Ltd. (001165), 1132 Budapest Váci Street 20. Registered under 01-09-267553 by Budapest-
Capital Regional Court, as registry court. Statutory registered auditor: Zsolt Kónya, registration number: 007383. 

Audit service fee agreed by the Annual General Meeting of the Bank for the year ended 2023 is an amount of EUR 
458 thousand + VAT.  

All  other  fees  charged  by  the  Auditor  for  non-audit  services  during  the  financial  year  are  disclosed  in  the 
consolidated financial statements of the Bank. 

In 1995, the shares of the Bank were introduced on the Budapest and the Luxembourg Stock Exchanges and were 
also traded on the SEAQ board on the London Stock Exchange and PORTAL in the USA. 

The structure of the Share capital by shareholders (%): 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

Domestic and foreign private and institutional investors 
Employees 
Total 

99% 
1% 
100% 

99% 
1% 
100% 

The Bank’s Registered Capital consists of 280.000.010 pieces of ordinary shares with the nominal value of HUF 
100 each, representing the same rights to the shareholders. 

The Bank provides a full range of commercial banking services through a nationwide network of 342 branches in 
Hungary. 

Number of employees 
Average number of employees 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

10,715 
10,591 

10,516 
10,252 

NOTE 1: 

ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

1.2. 

Basis of accounting 

These Separate Financial Statements were prepared based on the assumption of the Management that the Bank 
will remain in business for the foreseeable future. The Bank will not be forced to halt operations and liquidate its 
assets in the near term at what may be very low fire-sale prices.  

The  Bank  maintains  its  accounting  records  and  prepares  their  statutory  accounts  in  accordance  with  the 
commercial, banking and fiscal regulations prevailing in Hungary.  

The presentation and functional currency of the Bank is the Hungarian Forint ("HUF").  

The  separate  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  International  Financial  Reporting 
Standards (“IFRS”) as adopted by the European Union (“EU”).  

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

262 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 1: 

ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS [continued] 

1.2.1.  The effect of adopting new and revised IFRS standards effective from 1 January 2023 

The following amendments to the existing standards and new interpretation issued by the International Accounting 
Standards Board (IASB) and adopted by the EU are effective for the current reporting period: 

•  Amendments  to  IAS  1  “Presentation  of  Financial  Statements”  and  IFRS  Practice  Statement  2- 
Disclosure  of  Accounting  policies  –  adopted  by  the  EU  on  2  March  2022  (effective  for  annual  periods 
beginning on or after 1 January 2023 with earlier application permitted) 
o  The  amendments  provide  guidance  on  the  application  of  materiality  judgements  to  accounting  policy 
disclosures.  In  particular,  the  amendments  to  IAS  1  replace  the  requirement  to  disclose  ‘significant’ 
accounting  policies  with  a  requirement  to  disclose  ‘material’  accounting  policies.  Also,  guidance  and 
illustrative examples are added in the Practice Statement to assist in the application of the materiality 
concept when making judgements about accounting policy disclosures. 

•  Amendments to IAS 8 “Accounting policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors” – Definition 
of Accounting Estimates – adopted in the EU on 2 March 2022 (effective for annual periods beginning on 
or after 1 January 2023 with earlier application permitted and apply to changes in accounting policies and 
changes in accounting estimates that occur on or after the start of that period) 
o  The amendments introduce a new  definition of accounting estimates,  defined as monetary amounts in 
financial statements that are subject to measurement uncertainty, if they do not result from a correction 
of prior period error. Also, the amendments clarify what changes in accounting estimates are and how 
these differ from changes in accounting policies and corrections of errors. 

•  Amendments to IFRS 17 “Insurance Contracts” – adopted by the EU on 19 November 2021 (effective 
for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023). This is a comprehensive new accounting standard 
for insurance contracts, covering recognition and measurement, presentation and disclosure. IFRS 17 applies 
to  all  types  of  insurance  contracts  issued,  as  well  as  to  certain  guarantees  and  financial  instruments  with 
discretional participation contracts. – IFRS 17 is not relevant in case of these Separate Financial Statements  
•  Amendments  to  IFRS  17  “Insurance  Contracts”  –  Initial  application  of  IFRS  17  and  IFRS  9  – 
Comparative  Information  –  adopted  by  the  EU  on  8  September  2022  (effective  date  for  annual  periods 
beginning on or after 1 January 2023 with earlier application permitted, provided the entity also applies IFRS 
9 Financial Instruments on or before the date it first applies IFRS 17). This is a comprehensive new accounting 
standard for insurance contracts, covering recognition and measurement, presentation and disclosure. IFRS 
17 applies to all types of insurance contracts issued, as well as to certain guarantees and financial instruments 
with  discretional  participation  contracts.  –  IFRS  17  is  not  relevant  in  case  of  these  Separate  Financial 
Statements. 

•  Amendments to IAS 12 “Income Taxes” – Deferred Tax related to  Assets  and  Liabilities  arising  from  a 
Single  Transaction – adopted by the EU on 11 August 2022 (effective for annual periods beginning on or after 
1 January 2023; earlier applicaton permitted) 
o  The amendments narrow the scope of and provide further clarity on the initial recognition exception under 
IAS 12 and specify how companies should account for deferred tax related to assets and liabilities arising 
from a single transaction, such as leases and decommissioning obligations. The amendments clarify that 
where payments that settle a liability are deductible for tax purposes, it is a matter of judgement, having 
considered the applicable tax law, whether such deductions are attributable for tax purposes to the liability 
or to the related asset component. Under the amendments, the initial recognition exception does not apply 
to transactions that, on initial recognition, give rise to equal taxable and deductible temporary differences. 
It  only  applies  if  the  recognition  of  a  lease  asset  and  lease  liability  (or decommissioning  liability  and 
decommissioning asset component) give rise to taxable and deductible temporary differences that are not 
equal. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

263 

 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 1: 

ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS [continued] 

1.2.1.  The effect of adopting new and revised IFRS standards effective from 1 January 2023 [continued] 

•  Amendments  to  IAS  12  “Income  taxes”  –  International  Tax  Reform  -  Pillar  Two  Model  Rules  –  The 
amendments are effective immediately upon issuance, but certain disclosure requirements are effective later. 
The  Organisation  for Economic  Co-operation and  Development’s (OECD) published  the  Pillar Two  model 
rules in December 2021 to ensure that large multinational companies would be subject to a minimum 15% tax 
rate. On 23 May 2023, the IASB issued International Tax Reform—Pillar Two Model Rules – Amendments to 
IAS 12.  
o  The amendments introduce a mandatory temporary exception to the accounting for deferred taxes arising 
from  the  jurisdictional  implementation  of  the  Pillar  Two  model  rules  and  disclosure  requirements  for 
affected  entities  on  the  potential  exposure  to  Pillar  Two  income  taxes.  The  Amendments  require,  for 
periods  in  which  Pillar  Two  legislation  is  (substantively)  enacted  but  not  yet  effective,  disclosure  of 
known or reasonably estimable information that helps users of financial statements understand the entity’s 
exposure arising from Pillar Two income taxes. To comply with these requirements, an entity is required 
to disclose qualitative and quantitative information about its exposure to Pillar Two income taxes at the 
end of the reporting period. The disclosure of the current tax expense related to Pillar Two income taxes 
and  the  disclosures  in  relation  to  periods  before  the  legislation  is  effective  are  required  for  annual 
reporting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023, but are not required for any interim period ending 
on or before 31 December 2023. 

The adoption of these amendments to the existing standards has not led to any material changes in these Separate 
Financial Statements. 

1.2.2.  New and revised Standards and Interpretations issued by IASB and adopted by the EU but not yet 

effective 

•  Amendments to IAS 1 “Presentation of Financial Statements” – Classification of Liabilities as Current or 
Non-current. – The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 
2024, with earlier application permitted, and will need to be applied retrospectively in accordance with IAS 8.  
o  The objective of the amendments is to clarify the principles in IAS 1 for the classification of liabilities as 
either  current  or  non-current.  The  amendments  clarify  the  meaning  of  a  right  to  defer  settlement,  the 
requirement for this right to exist at the end of the reporting period, that management intent does not affect 
current or non-current classification, that options by the counterparty that could result in settlement by 
the transfer of the entity’s own equity instruments do not affect current or non-current classification. Also, 
the amendments specify that only covenants with which an entity must comply on or before the reporting 
date  will  affect  a  liability’s  classification.  Additional  disclosures  are  also  required  for  non-current 
liabilities arising from loan arrangements that are subject to covenants to be complied with within twelve 
months after the reporting period. 

•  Amendments to IFRS 16 “Leases” – Lease Liability in a Sale and Leaseback – The amendments are effective 

for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2024, with earlier application permitted. 
o  The amendments are intended to improve the requirements that a seller-lessee uses in measuring the lease 
liability arising in a sale and leaseback transaction in IFRS 16, while it does not change the accounting 
for leases unrelated to sale and leaseback transactions. In particular, the seller-lessee determines ‘lease 
payments’ or ‘revised lease payments’ in such a way that the seller-lessee would not recognise any amount 
of the gain or loss that relates to the right of use it retains. Applying these requirements does not prevent 
the  seller-lessee  from  recognising,  in  profit  or  loss,  any  gain  or  loss  relating  to  the  partial  or  full 
termination of a lease. A seller-lessee applies the amendment retrospectively in accordance with IAS 8 to 
sale and leaseback transactions entered into after the date of initial application, being the beginning of the 
annual reporting period in which an entity first applied IFRS 16. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

264 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 1: 

ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS [continued] 

1.2.3.  Standards and Interpretations issued by IASB but not yet adopted by the EU 
At present, IFRS as adopted by the EU do not significantly differ from regulations adopted by the IASB except 
for the following new standards, amendments to the existing standards and new interpretation, which were not 
endorsed for use in EU as at date of publication of these financial statements: 

•  Amendments  to  IAS  7  “Statement  of  Cash  Flows”  and  IFRS  7  “Financial  Instruments  Disclosure  - 
Supplier Finance Arrangements” – The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning 
on or after January 1, 2024, with earlier application permitted. 
o  The amendments supplement requirements already in IFRS and require an entity to disclose the terms 
and  conditions  of  supplier  finance  arrangements.  Additionally,  entities  are  required  to  disclose  at  the 
beginning and end of reporting period the  carrying amounts of supplier finance arrangement financial 
liabilities and the line items in which those liabilities are presented as well as the carrying amounts of 
financial liabilities and line items, for which the finance providers have already settled the corresponding 
trade  payables.  Entities  should  also  disclose  the  type  and  effect  of  non-cash  changes  in  the  carrying 
amounts of supplier finance arrangement financial liabilities, which prevent the carrying amounts of the 
financial liabilities from being comparable. Furthermore, the amendments require an entity to disclose at 
the beginning and end of the reporting period the range of payment due dates for financial liabilities owed 
to the finance providers and for comparable trade payables that are not part of those arrangements. 

•  Amendments to IAS 21 “The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates” – Lack of Exchangeability 
– The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2025, with 
earlier application permitted.  
o  The amendments specify how an entity should assess whether a currency is exchangeable and how it 
should determine a spot exchange rate when exchangeability is lacking. A currency is considered to be 
exchangeable into another currency when an entity is able to obtain the other currency within a time frame 
that allows for a normal administrative delay and through a market or exchange mechanism in which an 
exchange transaction would create enforceable rights and obligations. If a currency is not exchangeable 
into another currency, an entity is required to estimate the spot exchange rate at the measurement date. 
An  entity’s  objective  in  estimating  the  spot  exchange  rate  is  to  reflect  the  rate  at  which  an  orderly 
exchange  transaction  would  take  place  at  the  measurement  date  between  market  participants  under 
prevailing economic conditions. The amendments note that an entity can use an observable exchange rate 
without adjustment or another estimation technique. 

•  Amendments to IFRS 10 “Consolidated Financial Statements” and IAS 28 “Investments in Associates 
and Joint Ventures” - Sale or Contribution of Assets between an Investor and its Associate or Joint Venture 
and further amendments (effective date deferred indefinitely until the research project on the equity method 
has been concluded). 
o  The amendments address an acknowledged inconsistency between the requirements in IFRS 10 and those 
in IAS 28, in dealing with the sale or contribution of assets between an investor and its associate or joint 
venture.  The  main  consequence  of  the  amendments  is  that  a  full  gain  or  loss  is  recognized  when  a 
transaction  involves  a  business  (whether  it  is  housed  in  a  subsidiary  or  not).  A  partial  gain  or  loss  is 
recognized when a transaction involves assets that do not constitute a business, even if these assets are 
housed  in  a  subsidiary.  In  December  2015  the  IASB  postponed  the  effective  date  of  this  amendment 
indefinitely pending the outcome of its research project on the equity method of accounting. 

The Bank anticipates that the adoption of these new  standards, amendments to the existing standards and new 
interpretations  will  have  no  material  impact  on  the  financial  statements  of  the  Bank  in  the  period  of  initial 
application. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

265 

 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 2: 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

Significant accounting policies applied in the preparation of the accompanying separate  financial statements are 
summarized below: 

2.1.  Basis of presentation 
These separate financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention with the exception of 
certain financial instruments, which are recorded at fair value. Revenues and expenses are recorded in the period 
in which they are earned or incurred. The Bank does not offset assets and liabilities or income and expenses unless 
it is required or permitted by an IFRS standard. 

During the preparation of separate financial statements assets and liabilities, income and expenses are presented 
separately, except in certain cases, when one of the IFRS standards prescribes net presenting related to certain 
items. (See below 2.8.) 

The presentation of separate financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires the Management of the Bank 
to  make  estimates  and  assumptions  that  affect  the  reported  amounts  of  assets  and  liabilities  and  disclosure  of 
contingent assets and liabilities as at the date of the financial statements and their reported amounts of revenues 
and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. 

Future changes in economic conditions, business strategies, regulatory requirements, accounting rules and other 
factors  could  result  in  a  change  in  estimates  that  could  have  a  material  impact  on  future  separate  financial 
statements. 

2.2.  Foreign currency translation 
Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into HUF that is the presentation 
currency,  at  exchange  rates  quoted  by  the  National  Bank  of  Hungary  ("NBH")  as  at  the  date  of  the  separate 
financial statements. Income and expenses arising in foreign currencies are converted at the rate of exchange on 
the transaction date. Resulting foreign exchange gains or losses are recorded to the separate statement of profit or 
loss. 

2.3.  Consolidated financial statements 
These  financial  statements  present  the  separate  financial  position  and  results  of  operations  of  the  Bank. 
Consolidated  financial  statements  are  prepared  by  the  Bank  and  consolidated  net  profit  for  the  year  and 
shareholders’ equity differs significantly from that presented in these separate financial statements. See Note 2.4 
for the description of the method of accounting for investments in subsidiaries and associated companies in these 
separate financial statements. The consolidated financial statements and the separate financial statements will be 
published on the same date. 

2.4.  Investments in subsidiaries, associated companies and other investments 
Investments in subsidiaries comprise those investments where OTP Bank, through direct and indirect ownership 
interest, controls the investee. Control is achieved when the Bank has power over the investee, is exposed or has 
rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee and has the ability to use its power to affect its 
returns. 

Investments in subsidiaries are recorded at the cost of acquisition, less impairment for permanent diminution in 
value, when appropriate. After initial measurement investments in subsidiaries are measured at cost, in the case of 
foreign currency denominated investments for the measurement the Bank uses the exchange rate at the date of 
transaction. 

Impairment is determined based on the future economic benefits of the subsidiary and macroeconomic factors.  

OTP Bank calculates the fair value based on discounted cash flow model. The 3 year period explicit cash flow 
model serves as a basis for the impairment test by which the Bank defines the impairment need on investment in 
subsidiaries based on the strategic factors and financial data of its cash-generating units. 

OTP Bank in its strategic plan has taken into consideration the cautious recovery of global economic situation and 
outlook, the associated risks and their possible effect on the financial sector as well as the current and expected 
availability of wholesale funding. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

266 

 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 2: 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES [continued] 

2.5.  Business model and SPPI test 
A business model refers how the  Bank manages its financial instruments in order to generate  cash flows. It is 
determined at a level that reflects how groups of financial instruments are managed rather than at an instrument 
level. 

The financial assets held by the Bank are classified into three categories depending on the business model within 
the financial assets are managed.  

•  Business model whose objective is to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows. Some 
sales can be consistent with hold to collect business model and the Bank assesses the nature, frequency 
and significance of any sales occurring. The Bank does not consider the sale frequent when at least six 
months have elapsed between sales. The significant sales are those when the sales exceed 2% of the total 
hold to collect portfolio. Within this business model the Bank manages mainly loans and advances and 
long term securities and other financial assets.  

•  Business  model  whose  objective  is  achieved  by  both  collecting  contractual  cash  flows  and  selling 

financial assets. Within this business model the Bank only manages securities. 

•  Business model whose objective is to achieve gains in a short term period. Within this business model 

the Bank manages securities and derivative financial instrument. 

If cash flows are realised in a way that is different from the expectations at the date that the Bank assessed the 
business model, that does not give rise to a prior error in the Bank’s financial statements nor does it change the 
classification of the remaining financial assets held in that business model. 

When, and only when the Bank changes its business model for managing financial assets it reclassifies all affected 
assets. Such changes are determined by the Bank’s senior management as a result of external or internal changes 
and must be significant to the Bank’s operations and demonstrable to external parties. The Bank shall not reclassify 
any financial liability. 

Classification of a financial asset is based on the characteristics of its contractual cash flows if the financial asset 
is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets to collect contractual cash flows or within a 
business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets. 

The Bank should determine whether the asset’s contractual cash flows are solely payments of principal and interest 
on the principal amount outstanding (SPPI test). Contractual cash flows that are solely payments of principal and 
interest on the principal amount outstanding are consistent with a basic lending arrangement.  

Contractual terms that introduce exposure to risks or volatility in the contractual cash flows that is unrelated to a 
basic lending arrangement, such as exposure to changes in equity prices or commodity prices, do not give rise to 
contractual cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding. The 
Bank assesses whether contractual cash flows are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount 
outstanding for the currency in which the financial asset is denominated. 

Time value of money is the element of interest that provides consideration for only the passage of time. However, 
in some cases, the time value of money element may be modified. In such cases, the Bank assesses the modification 
to determine whether the contractual cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest on the principal 
amount outstanding. 

When  assessing  a  modified  time  value  of  money  element,  the  objective  is  to  determine  how  different  the 
undiscounted contractual cash flows could be from undiscounted cash flows that would arise if the time value of 
money element was not modified (the benchmark cash flows). The benchmark instrument can be  an actual or a 
hypothetical financial asset. If the undiscounted contractual cash flows significantly – above 2% – differ from the 
undiscounted benchmark cash flows, the financial asset should be subsequently measured at fair value through 
profit or loss. 

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IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 2: 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES [continued] 

2.6.  Securities at amortised cost 
The Bank measures at amortized cost those securities which are held for contractual cash collecting purposes, and 
contractual terms of these securities give rise to cash flows that are solely payment of principal and interest on the 
principal amount outstanding. The Bank initially recognises these securities at fair value. Securities at amortised 
cost  are  subsequently  measured  using  the  effective  interest  (EIR)  method  and  are  subject  to  impairment.  The 
amortisation of any discount or premium on the acquisition of a security at amortized cost is part of the amortized 
cost and is recognised as interest income so that the revenue recognized in each period represents a constant yield 
on the investment. Securities at amortized cost are accounted for on a trade date basis. Such securities comprise 
mainly securities issued by the Hungarian Government bonds and corporate bonds.  

2.7.   
2.7.1.  Securities held for trading 

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss 

Investments in securities are accounted for on a trade date basis and are initially measured at fair value. Securities 
held for trading are measured at subsequent reporting dates at fair value. Unrealised gains and losses on held for 
trading securities are recognized in profit or loss and are included in the separate statement of profit or loss for the 
period.  The  Bank  holds  held  for  trading  securities  within  the  business  model  to  obtain  short-term  gains, 
consequently realised and unrealised gains and losses are recognized in the net operating income, while interest 
income is recognised in income similar to interest income. The Bank applies FIFO77 inventory valuation method 
for securities held for trading. Such securities consist of discounted and interest bearing Treasury bills, Hungarian 
Government bonds, mortgage bonds, shares in non-financial commercial companies, shares in investment funds, 
shares in venture capital funds and shares in financial institutions. 

2.7.2.  Derivative financial instruments 

In  the  normal  course  of  business,  the  Bank  is  a  party  to  contracts  for  derivative  financial  instruments,  which 
represent a low initial investment compared to the notional value of the contract and their value depends on value 
of underlying asset and are settled in the future. The derivative financial instruments used include interest rate 
forward or swap agreements and currency forward or swap agreements and options. These financial instruments 
are used by the Bank both for trading purposes and to hedge interest rate risk and currency exposures associated 
with its transactions in the financial markets. (It is the so-called economic hedge, accounting hedge is described 
later.) 

Derivative financial instruments are accounted for on a trade date basis and are initially measured at fair value and 
at subsequent reporting dates also at fair value. Fair values are obtained from quoted market prices, discounted 
cash flow models and option pricing models as appropriate. OTP Bank adopts multi curve valuation approach for 
calculating the net present value of future cash flows – based on different curves used for determining forward 
rates and used for discounting purposes. It shows the best estimation of such derivative deals that are collateralised 
as  OTP  Bank  has  almost  its  entire  open  derivative  transactions  collateralised.  Changes  in  the  fair  value  of 
derivative financial instruments that do not qualify for hedge accounting are recognized in profit or loss and are 
included in the separate statement of profit or loss for the period. Each derivative deal is determined as asset when 
fair value is positive and as liability when fair value is negative. 

Certain derivative transactions, while providing effective economic hedges under risk management positions of 
the  Bank,  do  not  qualify  for hedge  accounting  under  the  specific  rules  of  IFRS  9  and  are  therefore  treated  as 
derivatives held for trading with fair value gains and losses charged directly to the separate statement of profit or 
loss. 

Foreign currency contracts 

Foreign  currency  contracts  are  agreements  to  exchange  specific  amounts  of  currencies  at  a  specified  rate  of 
exchange, at a spot date (settlement occurs two days after the trade date) or at a forward date (settlement occurs 
more than two days after the trade date). The notional amount of forward contracts does not represent the actual 
market or credit risk associated with these contracts.  

Foreign  currency  contracts  are  used  by  the  Bank  for  risk  management  and  trading  purposes.  The  Bank’s  risk 
management foreign currency contracts were used to hedge the exchange rate fluctuations of loans and deposits 
denominated in foreign currency. 

77 First In First Out 

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NOTE 2: 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES [continued] 

2.7.2  Derivative financial instruments [continued] 

Foreign exchange swaps and interest rate swaps 

The Bank enters into foreign-exchange swap and interest rate swap (“IRS”) transactions. The swap transaction is 
a complex agreement concerning the swap of certain financial instruments, which usually consists of a spot and 
one or more forward contracts. 
Interest rate swaps obligate two parties to exchange one or more payments calculated with reference to fixed or 
periodically  reset  rates  of  interest  applied  to  a  specific  notional  principal  amount  (the  base  of  the  interest 
calculation).  Notional  principal  is  the  amount  upon  which  interest  rates  are  applied  to  determine  the  payment 
streams under interest rate swaps. 
Such notional principal amounts are often used to express the volume of these transactions but are not actually 
exchanged between the counterparties. The Bank’s interest rate swap contracts can be hedging or held for trading 
contracts. 

Cross-currency interest rate swaps 

The Bank enters into cross-currency interest rate swap (“CCIRS”) transactions which have special attributes, i.e. 
the parties exchange the notional amount at the beginning and also at the maturity of the transaction. A special 
type of these deals is the mark-to-market CCIRS agreements. At this kind of deals the parties – in accordance with 
the foreign exchange prices – revalue the notional amount during lifetime of the transaction. 

Equity and commodity swaps 

Equity swaps obligate two parties to exchange more payments calculated with reference periodically reset rates of 
interest and performance of indices. A specific notional principal amount is the base of the interest calculation. 
The payment of index return is calculated on the basis of current market price compared to the previous market 
price.  In  case  of  commodity  swaps  payments  are  calculated  on  the  basis  of  the  strike  price  of  a  predefined 
commodity compared to its average market price in a period. 

Forward rate agreements (“FRA”) 

A  forward  rate  agreement  is an  agreement  to  settle  amounts  at  a  specified future  date  based  on  the difference 
between an interest rate index and an agreed upon fixed rate. Market risk arises from changes in the market value 
of contractual positions caused by movements in interest rates.  

The Bank limits its exposure to market risk by entering into generally matching or offsetting positions and  by 
establishing and monitoring limits on unmatched positions. Credit risk is managed through approval procedures 
that establish specific limits for individual counter-parties. The Bank’s forward rate agreements were transacted 
for management of interest rate exposures. 

Foreign exchange options 

A foreign exchange option is a derivative financial instrument that gives the owner the right to exchange money 
denominated in one currency into another currency at a pre-agreed exchange rate at a specified future date. The 
transaction, for a fee, guarantees a worst-case exchange rate for the futures purchase of one currency for another. 
These  options  protect  against  unfavourable  currency  movements  while  preserving  the  ability  to  participate  in 
favourable movements. 

2.8.  Hedge accounting 
In the case of a financial instrument measured at amortised cost the Bank recognises the hedging gain or loss on 
the hedged item as the modification of its carrying amount and it is recognised in profit or loss. These adjustmets 
of the carrying amount are amortised to the profit or loss using the effective interest rate method. The Bank starts 
the amortisation when the hedged item is no longer adjusted by the hedging gains or losses. If the hedged item is 
derecognised, the Bank recognises the unamortised fair value in profit or loss immediately. 

Derivative financial instruments designated as fair value 

Changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as hedging instruments fair value hedges 
and that prove to be highly effective in relation to the hedged risk, are recorded in the separate statement of profit 
or loss along with the corresponding change in fair value of the hedged asset or liability that is attributable to the 
specific hedged risk. Changes in the fair value of the hedging instrument in fair value hedges are charged directly 
to  the  separate  statement  of  profit  or  loss.  The  conditions  of  hedge  accounting  applied  by  the  Bank  are  the 
following: formally designated as hedging relationship, proper hedge documentation is prepared, effectiveness test 
is performed and based on it the hedge is qualified as effective.  

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IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 2: 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES [continued] 

2.8.  Hedge accounting [continued] 

Derivative financial instruments designated as fair value [continued] 

In the case of a financial instrument measured at amortised cost the Group recognises the hedging gain or loss on 
the hedged item as the modification of its carrying amount and it is recognised in profit or loss. These adjustments 
of the carrying amount are amortised to the profit or loss using the effective interest rate method. The Group starts 
the amortisation when the hedged item is no longer adjusted by the hedging gains or losses. If the hedged item is 
derecognised, the Group recognises the unamortised fair value in profit or loss immediately. For the fair value 
hedges  inefficiencies  and  the  net  revaluation  of  hedged  and  hedging  item  are  recognised  in  the  Net  result  on 
derivative instruments and hedge relationships. 

Derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedge 

Changes in fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as hedging instrument in cash flow hedges and 
that prove to be highly effective in relation to hedged risk are recognized as reserve in other comprehensive income. 
Amounts deferred in other comprehensive income are transferred to the separate statement of profit or loss and 
classified as revenue or expense in the periods during which the hedged assets and liabilities effect the separate 
statement of recognized and comprehensive income for the period. The ineffective element of the hedge is charged 
directly  to  the  separate  statement  of  profit  or  loss.  The  Bank  terminates  the  hedge  accounting  if  the  hedging 
instrument  expires  or  is  sold,  terminated,  or  exercised,  or  the  hedge  no  longer  meets  the  criteria  for  hedge 
accounting. In case of cash flow hedges - in line with the standard – hedge accounting is still applied as long as 
the underlying asset is derecognised or terminated. 

When the Bank discontinues hedge accounting to a cash-flow hedge the amount in the cash flow hedge reserve is 
reclassified to the profit or loss if the hedged future cash flows are no longer expected to occur. If the hedged future 
cash flows are still expected to occur, the amount remains in  the cashflow hedge reserve and reclassified to the 
profit and loss only when the future cash flows occur. 

Offsetting 

2.9. 
Financial assets and liabilities may be offset and the net amount is reported in the statement of financial position 
when the Bank has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and the transactions are intended 
to be reported in the statement of financial position on a net basis. In the case of the derivative financial instruments 
the Bank applies offsetting and net presentation in the Statement of Financial Position when the Bank has the right 
and the ability to settle the assets and liabilities on a net basis. 

2.10. Embedded derivatives 
Sometimes, a derivative may be a component of a combined or hybrid contract that includes a host contract and a 
derivative (the embedded derivative) affecting cash flows or otherwise modifying the characteristics of the host 
instrument. An embedded derivative must be separated from the host instrument and accounted for as a separate 
derivative if, and only if: 

-  The  economic  characteristics  and  risks  of  the  embedded  derivative  are  not  closely  related  to  the 

economic characteristics and risks of the host contract; 

-  A  separate  financial  instrument  with  the  same  terms  as  the  embedded  derivative  would  meet  the 

definition of a derivative as a stand-alone instrument; and 

-  The host instrument is not measured at fair or is measured at fair value but changes in fair value are 

recognised in other comprehensive income.  

As long as a hybrid contract contains a host that is a financial asset the general accounting rules for classification, 
recognition and measurement of financial assets are applicable for the whole contract and no embedded derivative 
is separated. 

Derivatives that are required to be separated are measured at fair value at initial recognition and subsequently. If 
the Bank is unable to measure the embedded derivative separately either at acquisition or at the end of a subsequent 
financial reporting period, the Group shall designate the entire hybrid contract as at fair value through profit or 
loss. The Bank shall assess whether an embedded derivative is required to be separated from the host contract and 
accounted for as a derivative when the Bank first becomes a party to the contract. 

The separation rules for embedded derivatives are only relevant for financial liabilities. 

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NOTE 2: 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES [continued] 

2.11.  Securities at fair value through other comprehensive income (“FVOCI securities”) 
FVOCI securities are held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting of contractual 
cash flows and selling securities. Furthermore contractual terms of FVOCI securities give rise on specified dates 
to cash flows that are solely payment of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding. 

Debt instruments 

Investments  in  debt  securities  are  accounted  for  on  a  trade  date  basis  and  are  initially  measured  at  fair  value.  
Securities at fair value through other comprehensive income are measured at subsequent reporting dates at fair 
value. Unrealised gains and losses on FVOCI financial instruments are recognized in other comprehensive income, 
except for interest and foreign exchange gains/losses on monetary items, unless such FVOCI security is part of an 
effective hedge. Such gains and losses will be reported when realised in profit or loss for the applicable period. 
The Bank applies FIFO78 inventory valuation method for FVOCI securities. 

For debt securities at fair value through other comprehensive income the loss allowance is calculated based on 
expected credit loss model. The expected credit loss is accounted for against Other Comprehensive Income.  

FVOCI securities are remeasured at fair value based on quoted prices or values derived from cash flow models. In 
circumstances where the quoted market prices are not readily available, the fair value of debt securities is estimated 
using the present value of the future cash flows and the fair value of any unquoted equity instruments are calculated 
using the EPS ratio.  

Fair value through other comprehensive income option for equity instruments 

In some cases the Bank made an irrevocable election at initial recognition for certain non-trading investments in 
an equity instrument to present subsequent changes in fair value of these securities in other comprehensive income 
instead of in profit or loss. 
The use of the fair value option is based only on direct decision of management of the Bank. 

2.12.  Loans, placements with other banks, repo receivables and loss allowance for loan, placements and 

repo receivables losses 

The Bank measures Loans, placements with other banks and repo receivables at amortised cost, which are held to 
collect contractual cash flows, and contractual terms of these assets give rise on specified dates to cash flows that 
are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding. The Bank recognises loans, 
which are not held for trading and do not give rise contractual cash flows that are solely payments of principal and 
interest on the principal amount outstanding as loans measured at fair value through profit or loss (“FVTPL loans”). 

Loans, placements with other banks and repo receivables are accounted at amortised cost, stated at the principal 
amounts outstanding including accrued interest, net of allowance for loan or placement losses, respectively.  

In case of the above mentioned financial assets measured at amortised cost transaction fees and charges adjust the 
carrying amount at initial recognition and are included in effective interest calculation. In case of FVTPL loans 
fees and charges are recognised when incurred in the separate statement of profit or loss.  

Loans, placements with other banks and repo receivables loans are derecognised when the contractual rights to the 
cash flows expire or they are transferred. When a financial asset is derecognised the difference of the carrying 
amount and the consideration received is recognised in the profit or loss. In case of the above mentioned financial 
assets  at  amortised  cost  gains  or  losses  from  derecognition  are  presented  in  “Gains/losses  arising  from 
derecognition of financial assets at amortised cost” line. In case of FVTPL loans gains or losses from derecognition 
are presented in “Net operating income”. 

Change  in  the  fair  value  of  FVTPL  loans  is  broken  down  into  two  components  and  presented  in  the  separate 
statement of profit or loss as follows: 

•  Portion of the change in fair value arising from changes in credit risk are presented within “Risk cost” as 
“Change in the fair value attributable to changes in the credit risk of loans mandatorily measured at fair 
value through profit of loss”. 

•  The  remaining  component  of  the  change  is  presented  in  fair  value  within  “Net  operating  income”  as 

“Gains/(Losses) on financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss”. 

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IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 2: 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES [continued] 

2.12.  Loans, placements with other banks, repo receivables and loss allowance for loan, placements and 

repo receivables losses [continued] 

Initially, financial assets shall be recognised at fair value which is usually equal to the transaction value in case of 
loans  and  placements.  However,  when  the  amounts  are  not  equal,  the  initial  fair  value  difference  should  be 
recognized. 

If  the  fair  value  of  financial  assets  is  based  on  a  valuation  technique  using  only  inputs  observable  in  market 
transactions, the Bank recognises the initial fair value difference in the Separate Statement of Profit or Loss. 

When the  fair value of financial assets is based on models for which inputs are not observable, the difference 
between the transaction price and the fair value is deferred and only recognised in profit or loss when the instrument 
is derecognised or the inputs became observable. 

Initial  fair  value  of  loans  lent  at  interest  below  market  conditions  is  lower  than  their  transaction  price,  the 
subsequent measurement of these loans is under IFRS 9. 

Allowance  for  losses  on  loans,  placements  with  other  banks  and  repo  receivables  represent  management 
assessment for potential losses in relation to these activities. 

The Bank recognises a loss allowance for expected credit losses on a financial asset at each reporting date. The 
loss allowance for a financial asset equals to 12-month expected credit loss or equals to the lifetime expected credit 
losses. The maximum period over which expected credit losses shall be measured is the maximum contractual 
period over which the Bank is exposed to credit risk. 

If the credit risk on a financial asset has not increased significantly since initial recognition then 12-month expected 
credit  losses,  otherwise  (in  case  of  significant  credit  risk  increase)  lifetime  expected  credit  losses  should  be 
calculated. The expected credit loss is the present value of the difference between the contractual cash flows that 
are due to the Bank under the contract and the cash flows that the Bank expects to receive. 

When  the  contractual  cash  flows  of  a  financial  asset  are  modified  and  the  modification  does  not  result  in  the 
derecognition  of  the  financial  asset  the  Bank  recalculate  the  gross  carrying  amount  of  the  financial  asset  by 
discounting the expected future  cash flows with the original effective interest rate  of the asset. The difference 
between the carrying amount and the present value of the expected cash flows is recognised as a “Modification 
gain or loss” in the statement of profit or loss. Interest income and amortised cost are accounted for using the 
effective interest rate method. 

Write-offs are generally recorded after all reasonable restructuring or collection activities have taken place and the 
possibility of further recovery is considered to be remote. The loan is written off against the related account “Loss 
allowance on loan, placement and repo receivables losses” in the Statement of Profit or loss. 

OTP  Bank  applies  partial  or  full  write-off  for  loans  based  on  the  definitions  and  prescriptions  of  financial 
instruments in accordance with IFRS 9. If OTP Bank has no reasonable expectations regarding a financial asset 
(loan) to be recovered, it will be written off partially or fully at the time of emergence.  
The  gross  amount  and  loss  allowance  of  the  loans  shall  be  written  off  in  the  same  amount  to  the  estimated 
maximum recovery amount while the net carrying value remains unchanged.  

If there are reasonable expectations of recovery for a financial asset that is written-off fully or partially, OTP Bank 
shall re-estimate cash flows of that financial asset and write-off reversal is applied in the financial statements. 

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IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 2: 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES [continued] 

2.12.  Loans, placements with other banks, repo receivables and loss allowance for loan, placements and 

repo receivables losses [continued] 

Modification of contractual cash flows 

If the net present value of the contracted cash flows changes due to the modification of the contractual terms and 
it is not qualified as derecognition, modification gain or loss should be calculated and accounted for in the separate 
statement of profit or loss. Modification gain or loss is accounted in cases like restructuring – as defined in internal 
policies of the Bank – prolongation, renewal with unchanged terms, renewal with shorter terms and prescribing 
capital repayment rate, if it doesn’t exist or has not been earlier. 

The changes of net present value should be calculated on portfolio level in case of retail exposures. Each retail 
contract is restructured based on restructuring frameworks. The Bank has to evaluate these frameworks (and not 
individual contracts). The changes of net present value should be calculated individually on contract level in case 
of corporate portfolio. 

Among  the  possible  contract  amendments,  the  Group  considers  as  a  derecognition  and  a  new  recognition  the 
followings: 

-  merging several debts into a single debt, or one single debt splitting into several tranches, 
-  change of currency, 
-  change in counterparty, 
-  failing SPPI test after modification, 
-  interest rate change (fixed to floating or floating to fixed), 

when the discounted present value – discounted at the original effective interest rate – of the cash flows under the 
new terms is at least 10 per cent different from the discounted present value of the remaining cash flows. 

In case of derecognition and new recognition of a financial asset, the unamortized fees of the derecognized asset 
should  be  presented  as  Income  similar  to  interest  income.  The  newly  recognized  financial  asset  is  initially 
measured at fair value and is placed in stage 1 if the derecognized financial asset was in stage 1 or stage 2 portfolio. 
The newly recognized financial asset will be purchased or originated credit impaired financial asset (“POCI”) if 
the derecognized financial asset was in stage 3 portfolio or it was POCI. 

The  modification  gain  or  loss  shall  be  calculated  at  each  contract  amendments  unless  they  are  handled  as  a 
derecognition and new recognition. In case of modification the Bank recalculates the gross carrying amount of the 
financial asset. To do this, the new contractual cash flows should be discounted using the financial asset’s original 
effective interest rate (or credit-adjusted effective interest rate for POCI financial asset). Any costs or fees incurred 
adjust the carrying amount of the modified financial asset are amortized over the remaining term of the modified 
financial asset. 

Purchased or originated credit impaired financial assets 

Purchased  or  originated  financial  assets  are  credit-impaired  on  initial  recognition.  A  financial  asset  is  credit-
impaired  when  one  or  more  events  that  have  a  detrimental  impact  on  the  estimated  future  cash  flows  of  that 
financial asset have occurred.  

A purchased credit-impaired asset is likely to be acquired at a deep discount. In unusual circumstances, it may be 
possible that an entity originates a credit-impaired asset, for example, following a substantial modification of a 
distressed financial asset that resulted in the derecognition of the original financial asset. 

In the case of POCI financial assets, interest income is always recognized by applying the credit-adjusted effective 
interest rate. 

For POCI financial assets, in subsequent reporting periods an entity is required to recognize: 

- 
- 

the cumulative changes in lifetime expected credit losses since initial recognition as a loss allowance, 
the impairment gain or loss which is the amount of any change in lifetime expected credit losses. 
An impairment gain is recognized (with the parallel increase of the net amortized cost of receivable) if due 
to the favourable changes after initial recognition the lifetime expected credit loss estimation is becoming 
lower than the original estimated credit losses at initial recognition. 

The POCI qualification remains from initial recognition to derecognition in the Bank’s books. 

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IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 2: 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES [continued] 

2.13.  Loss allowance 
Loss Allowance for loans and placements with other banks and repo receivables are recognised by the Bank based 
on the expected credit loss model in accordance with IFRS 9. Based on the three stage model loss allowance is 
recognised  in  amount  of  12  month  expected  credit  loss  from  the  initial  recognition.  Financial  assets  with 
significantly increased credit risk or credit impaired financial assets (based on objective evidences) loss allowance 
is recognised in amount of lifetime expected credit loss. 

In  case  of  purchased  or  originated  credit  impaired  financial  assets  loss  allowance  is  recognised  in  amount  of 
lifetime expected credit loss since initial recognition. Impairment gain is recognised if lifetime expected credit loss 
for purchased or originated credit impaired financial assets at measurement date are less than the estimated credit 
loss at initial recognition. 

A  loss  allowance  for  loans  and  placements  with  other  banks  and  repo  receivables  represents  Management’s 
assessment for potential losses in relation to these activities. 

The default occurs when either or both of the following events have taken place:  

•  objective  criterion  meaning  that  the  credit  obligation  of  the  client  is  overdue  exceeding  the  materiality 
threshold for more than 90 consecutive days (90+ default DPD), or the obligor has breached the limit of the 
overdraft  with  an  amount  exceeding  the  materiality  threshold  for  more  than  90  consecutive  days  (90+ 
default DPD), or  

•  probability criterion meaning the probability that the obligor will be unable to pay its credit obligations in 
full (UTP= Unlikely to Pay). The following conditions indicate the occurrence of the probability criterion: 
specific  credit  risk  adjustment,  sell  of  credit  obligation  with  significant  loss,  distressed  restructuring, 
termination  of  the  contract  on  the  initiative  of  the  Bank,  Bankruptcy,  liquidation,  personal  bankruptcy, 
forced deleted status.  

Previously  described  conditions  should  result  in  default  status  mandatorily.  Moreover,  during  the  individual 
expert-based assessment the client’s default status shall be established if in the specific case the default can be 
justified on subjective basis. The default status should be terminated if in the last 3 months no other default criterion 
exists and the condition (either probability criterion or objective criterion) that resulted in the default status ceased 
at least 3 months ago. 

The  expected  loss  calculation  should  be  forward  looking.  Available  forward-looking  information  has  to  be 
included  in  the  parameter  estimation  by  using  different  scenarios,  including  forecasts  of  future  economic 
conditions. The determination of probability-weighted forward-looking scenarios are based on the OTP Group’ 
macro model. In general, there are two crisis scenarios (4-5), and three non-crisis scenarios (1-3) but the calculation 
of impairment should be based on at least two scenarios in the OTP Group. The macro conditioning is performed 
by Vasicek-model, which captures the relationship between point-in-time (PiT) and through-the-cycle (TTC) PD.  

The Vasicek PD transformation can also be used to estimate the PIT PDs of the buckets. The required parameters 
(such as correlation coefficient and macro condition parameter) can be derived from the OTP’s macro model. 
In the collective provisioning methodology credit risk and the change of credit risk can be correctly captured by 
understanding the risk characteristics of the portfolio. At portfolio segmentation, setting the segments is a key 
element of the provisioning calculation and requires the extensive knowledge of the portfolio. The segmentation 
is  expected  to  stay  stable  from  month  to  month.  The  segmentation  must  be  performed  separately  for  each 
parameter, since in each case different factors may have relevance. 
The estimation of one-year and lifetime probability of default (PD) of collectively assessed exposures is performed 
via transition matrices. The assets should be allocated to groups representing similar credit risk based on major 
credit risk characteristics and their capability to fulfil contractual obligations. The mandatory variables of the group 
level  assessment  procedure  are  payment  delay,  deal/client  rating,  the  restructured  flag,  the  default  status  and 
product  type.  Further  segmentation  is  advisable  in  case  significant  differences  are  observed  in  probability  of 
default. Transition matrices should be determined for each portfolio segment separately. The Group model handles 
healing (from default) rate in the PD parameter, thus the calculated probabilities should be reduced by this rate. 

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NOTE 2: 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES [continued] 

2.13. 

Loss allowance [continued] 

Two different methods are applied in OTP Group for LGD parameter calculation: Retail mortgage loans and non-
retail portfolios (MSE and Wholesale) that are significantly secured by mortgage: modified LGD methodology 
based  on  the  Asset  Quality  Review  (AQR)  –  the  primary  source  of  the  recovery  the  collateral  itself  but  cash 
recovery  is  also  taken  into  account.  The  calculation  is  performed  for  each  exposure  individually  based  on  the 
estimated parameters (main parameters: FSR – foreclosure success rate, SR – sales ratio, TTS – time to sale, C – 
cost, REC – cash recovery) and the actual value of collaterals (e.g. property, guarantee, surety, bail).  

For Consumer loans and car finance: recovery based LGD methodology estimated from historical recoveries. The 
LGD calculation should not be automatically identified with historic actual data. The direction and degree of the 
shift in the factors impacting the LGD, also considering the macroeconomic effects, in addition to the anticipated 
developments in those, must always be analysed. The LGD – just like the PD – is not independent of the business 
cycles either; typically it increases in parallel with the economic downturn. 

Loss allowance for loan and placements are determined at a level that provides coverage for individually identified 
credit losses. Collective impairment loss is recognised for loans with similar credit risk characteristics when it is 
not possible to determine the amount of the individually identified credit loss in the absence of objective evidence. 
The expected cash flows for loan portfolios are estimated based on historical loss experience.  

At subsequent measurement the Bank recognises through “Loss allowance on loan, placement and repo receivables 
losses” in the Statement of Profit or Loss impairment gain or loss as an amount of expected credit losses or reversal 
that is required to adjust the loss allowance at the reporting date to the amount that is required to be recognised in 
accordance with IFRS 9.  

If a financial asset, which previously classified in the first stage, classified subsequently in the second or third 
stage than loss allowance is adjusted to lifetime expected credit loss. If a financial asset, which previously classified 
in the second or third stages, classified subsequently in the first stage than loss allowance is adjusted to level of 12 
month expected credit loss. 

Classification into risk classes 

According to the requirements of the IFRS9 standard, the Bank classifies financial assets measured at amortised 
cost and fair value through other comprehensive income, and loan commitments and financial guarantees into the 
following categories in accordance with IFRS9: 

Stage 1 
Stage 2 
Stage 3 

POCI 

Performing 
Performing, but compared to the initial recognition it shows significant increase in credit risk 
Non-performing 
Purchased or originated credit impaired 

In the case of trade receivables, contract assets and lease receivables the Group applies the simplified approach 
and calculates only lifetime expected credit loss. Simplified approach is the following: 

• 

• 
• 

• 

• 

• 

for  the  past  3  years  the  average  annual  balance  of  receivables  under  simplified  approach  is 
calculated,  
the written-off receivables under simplified approach are determined in the past 3 years, 
the loss allowance ratio will be the sum of the written-off amounts divided by the sum of the average 
balances, 
historical losses are adjusted to reflect information about current conditions and reasonable forecasts 
of future economic conditions, 
the loss allowance is multiplied by the end-of-year balance and it will be the actual loss allowance 
on these receivables, 
loss allowance should be recalculated annually. 

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IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 2: 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES [continued] 

Classification into risk classes [continued] 

The  Bank  assumes  that  the  credit  risk  on  a  financial  instrument  has  not  increased  significantly  since  initial 
recognition if the financial asset is determined to have low credit risk at the reporting date. This might occur if the 
financial  asset  has  a  low  risk  of  default,  the  borrower  has  a  strong  capacity  to  meet  its  contractual  cash  flow 
obligations in the near term and adverse changes in economic and business conditions in the longer term may, but 
will not necessarily, reduce the ability of the borrower to fulfil its contractual cash flow obligations. The Bank 
considers souvereign exposures having low credit risk. 

Stage 1: financial instruments for which the events and conditions specified in respect of Stage 2 and Stage 3 do 
not exist on the reporting date. 

A financial instrument shows significant increase in credit risk, and is allocated to Stage 2, if in respect of which 
any of the following triggers exist on the reporting date, without fulfilling any of the conditions for the allocation 
to the non-performing stage (stage 3): 

the payment delay exceeds 30 days, 
it is classified as performing forborne, 

• 
• 
•  based on individual decision, its currency suffered a significant "shock" since the disbursement of the loan, 
• 
the transaction/client rating exceeds a predefined value or falls into a determined range, or compared to the 
historic value it deteriorates to a predefined degree, 
in the case retail mortgage loans, the loan-to-value ratio exceeds a predefined rate, 

• 
•  default on another loan of the retail client, if no cross-default exists, 
•  monitoring classification of corporate and municipal clients above different thresholds defined on group 

- 
financial difficulties at the debtor (capital adequacy, liquidity, deterioration of the instrument quality), 
-  significant decrease of the liquidity or the activity on the active market of the financial instrument can 

be observed, 
the rating of the client reflects high risk, but it is better than the default one, 

- 
-  significantly decrease in the value of the recovery from which the debtor would disburse the loan, 
-  clients under liquidation. 

A  financial  instrument  is  non-performing  and  it  is  allocated  to  Stage  3  when  any  of  the  following  events  or 
conditions exists on the reporting date: 

•  default (based on the group level default definition), 
•  classified as non-performing forborne (based on the group level forborne definition), 
• 

the monitoring classification of corporate and municipal clients above different thresholds defined on group 
level (including but not limited to): 
- 
breaching of contracts, 
- 
significant  financial  difficulties  of  the  debtor  (like  capital  adequacy,  liquidity,  deterioration  of  the 
instrument quality), 
bankruptcy, liquidation, debt settlement processes against debtor, 
forced strike-off started against debtor, 
termination of loan contract by the Bank, 
occurrence of fraud event, 
termination of the active market of the financial instrument. 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

If the exposure is no longer considered as credit impaired, the Bank allocates this exposure to Stage 2. 

When loss allowance is calculated at exposures categorized into stages the following process is needed by stages: 
•  Stage  1  (performing):  loss  allowance  at  an  amount  equal  to  12-month  expected  credit  loss  should  be 

recognized,  

•  Stage 2 (significant increase in credit risk): loss allowance at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit 

loss should be recognized, 

•  Stage 3 (non-performing): loss allowance at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit loss should be 

recognized. 

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NOTE 2: 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES [continued] 

Classification into risk classes [continued] 

For  lifetime  expected  credit  losses,  the  Bank  shall  estimate  the  risk  of  a  default  occurring  on  the  financial 
instrument during its expected life. 12-month expected credit losses are a portion of the lifetime expected credit 
losses and represent cash flow shortfalls that will result if a default occurs in the 12 months after the reporting date 
(or  a  shorter  period  fi  the  expected  life  of  the  financial  instrument  is  less  than  12  months),  weighted  by  the 
probability of that default occurring. 

An entity shall measure expected credit losses of a financial instrument in a way that reflects: 

• 

• 

an  unbiased  and  probability-weighted  amount  that  is  determined  by  evaluating  a  range  of  possible 
outcomes, 
the time value of money, and 

reasonable and supportable information that is available without undue cost of effort at the reporting date about 
past events, current conditions and forecasts of future economic conditions. 

2.14.  Option to designate a financial asset/liability measured at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL 

option) 

The Bank may, at initial recognition, irrevocably designate a financial asset or liability as measured at fair value 
through profit or loss. The Bank may use FVTPL option in the following cases:  

- 

- 

if doing so eliminates or significantly reduces a measurement or recognition inconsistency (accounting 
mismatch) that would otherwise arise from measuring assets or  liabilities or recognising the gains and 
losses on them on different bases 
if the group of financial liabilities or assets is managed and its performance is evaluated on a fair value 
basis, in accordance with a documented risk management or investment strategy, and information about 
the group is provided internally on that basis to the Bank’s key management personnel. 

The use of the fair value option is limited only to special situations, and it can be based only on direct decision of 
management of the Bank. 

2.15.  Sale and repurchase agreements, security lending 
Where debt or equity securities are sold under a commitment to repurchase them at a pre-determined price, they 
remain  on  the  statement  of  financial  position  and  the  consideration  received  is  recorded  in  Other  liabilities  or 
Amounts  due  to  banks  and  deposits  from  the  National  Bank  of  Hungary  and  other  banks,  or  Deposits  from 
customers. Conversely, debt or equity securities purchased under a commitment to resell are not recognized in the 
statement of financial position and the consideration paid is recorded either in Placements with other banks or 
Deposits  from  customers.  Interest  is  accrued  evenly  over  the  life  of  the  repurchase  agreement.  In  the  case  of 
security lending transactions the Bank does not recognize or derecognize the securities because it is believed that 
the transferor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of the ownership of the securities. Only a financial 
liability or financial receivable is recognized for the consideration amount. 

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IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 2: 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES [continued] 

2.16.  Property, equipment and intangible assets 
Property, equipment and intangible assets are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization and 
impairment, if any. The depreciable amount (book value less residual value) of the non-current assets must be 
allocated over their useful lives. Depreciation and amortization are calculated using the straight-line method over 
the estimated useful lives of the assets based on the following annual percentages: 

Intangible assets 

Software 
Property rights 

Property 
Office equipment and vehicles 

Depreciation key 

Useful lifetime (years) 

20%-33% 
17%-50% 
1%-7% 
7%-50% 

3-5 
2-6 
15-100 
2-15 

Depreciation and amortization on properties, equipment and intangible assets starts on the day when such assets 
are  placed  into  service.  At  each  balance  sheet  date,  the  Bank  reviews  the  carrying  value  of  its  tangible  and 
intangible assets to determine if there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss.  

If such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated to determine the extent (if any) of the 
impairment  loss.  Where  it  is  not  possible  to  estimate  the  recoverable  amount  of  an  individual  asset,  the  Bank 
estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs.  

Where the carrying value of property, equipment, other tangible fixed assets and intangible assets is greater than 
the estimated recoverable amount, it is impaired immediately to the estimated recoverable amount. 

2.17.  Inventories 
The  inventories  shall  be  measured  at  the  lower  of  cost  and  net  realisable  value.  The  cost  of  inventories  shall 
comprise all costs of purchase, costs of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their 
present  location  and  condition.  The  Bank  uses  generally  FIFO  formulas  to  the  measurement  of  inventories. 
Inventories shall be removed from books when they are sold, unusable or destroyed. When inventories are sold, 
the  carrying  amount  of  those  inventories  shall  be  recognized  as  an  expense  in  the  period  in  which  the  related 
revenue is recognized. Repossessed assets are classified as inventories. The Bank's policy is to sell repossessed 
assets and not to use them for its internal operations. 

2.18.  Investment properties 
Investment properties of the Bank are land, buildings, part of buildings which are held (as the owner or as the 
lessee under a finance lease) to earn rentals or for capital appreciation or both, rather than for use in the production 
or supply of services or for administrative purposes or sale in the ordinary course of business. The Bank measures 
the investment properties at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment, if any. The depreciable amount 
(book value less residual value) of the investment properties must be allocated over their useful lives. Depreciation 
and amortization are calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. 

The fair value of the investment properties is established mainly by external experts. According to the opinion of 
the Management there is no significant difference between the fair value and the carrying value of these properties. 

2.19.  Financial liabilities 
The financial liabilities are presented within these lines in the Separate Financial Statements: 

•  Amount due to banks, the National Governments, deposits from the National Banks and other banks 
•  Repo liabilities 
•  Financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss 
•  Deposits from customers 
•  Liabilities from issued securities 
•  Derivative financial liabilities held for trading 
•  Derivative financial liabilities designated as hedge accounting 
•  Other financial liabilities 

At initial recognition, the Bank measures financial liabilities at fair value plus or minus – in the case of a financial 
liability not at fair value through profit or loss – transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or 
issue of the financial liability. 

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NOTE 2: 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES [continued] 

2.19.    Financial liabilities [continued] 

Usually, the initial fair value of financial liabilities equals to transaction value. However, when the  amounts are 
not equal, the initial fair value difference should be recognized. 
If the fair value of financial liabilities is based on a valuation technique using only inputs observable in market 
transactions, the Bank recognizes the initial fair value difference in the Separate Statement of Profit or Loss. 

When the fair value of financial liabilities is based on models for which inputs are not observable, the difference 
between  the  transaction  price  and  the  fair  value  is  deferred  and  only  recognized  in  profit  or  loss  when  the 
instrument is derecognized or the inputs became observable. 

The financial liabilities are presented within financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss or financial 
liabilities measured at amortised cost. In connection to the financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, 
the Bank presents the amount of change in their fair value originated from the changes of market conditions and 
business environment. Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are either financial liabilities held for 
trading or they are designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss. In the case of financial 
liabilities measured at amortised cost, fees and commissions related to the origination of the financial liability are 
recognised through profit or loss during the maturity of the instrument. In certain cases the Bank repurchases a 
part of financial liabilities (mainly issued securities or subordinated bonds) and the difference between the carrying 
amount of the financial liability and the amount paid for it is recognised in the statement of profit or loss and 
included in other operating income. 

Leases 

2.20. 
An agreement is a lease or contains a lease if it transfers the rights to control the use of an identified asset for a 
given period in exchange for compensation. 

Expenses related to the use of lease assets, the majority of which were previously recognised in external services 
costs, will be currently classified as depreciation/amortisation and interest costs. Usufruct rights are depreciated 
using a straight line method, while lease liabilities are settled using an effective discount rate. 

Recognition of lease liabilities 

The Bank will recognise lease liabilities related to leases which were previously classified as "operating leases" in 
accordance with IAS 17 Leases. These liabilities will be measured at the present value of lease payments receivable 
as  at  the  date  of  commencement  of  the  application of  IFRS  16.  Lease  payments  shall  be  discounted using  the 
interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the incremental borrowing rate.  

At their date of initial recognition, lease payments contained in the measurement of lease liabilities comprise the 
following types of payments for the right to use the underlying asset for the life of the lease: 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

fixed lease payments less any lease incentives, 
variable lease payments which are dependent on market indices, 
amounts expected to be payable by the lessee under residual value guarantees, 
the strike price of a purchase option, if it is reasonably certain that the option will be exercised, and 
payment of contractual penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease period reflects that the lessee used 
the option of terminating the lease. 

The Bank makes use of expedients with respect to short-term leases (less than 12 months) as well as in the case of 
leases  in  respect  of  which  the  underlying  asset  has  a  low  value  (less  than  HUF  1.4  million)  and  for  which 
agreements it will not recognise financial liabilities nor any respective right-of-use assets. These types of lease 
payments will be recognised as costs using the straight-line method during the life of the lease. 

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NOTE 2: 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES [continued] 

2.20.    Leases [continued] 

Recognition of right-of-use assets 

Right-of-use assets are initially measured at cost. 

The cost of a right-of-use asset comprises: 

- 
- 
- 
- 

the amount of the initial measurement of lease liabilities, 
any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, less any lease incentives received, 
any initial direct costs incurred by the lessee, 
estimates of costs to be incurred by the lessee as a result of an obligation to disassemble and remove an 
underlying asset or to carry out renovation/restoration. 

Right-of-use assets are presented separately in the financial statements. 

Share capital 

2.21. 
Share  capital  is  the  capital  determined  in  the  Articles  of  Association  and  registered  by  the  Budapest-Capital 
Regional Court. Share capital is the capital the Bank raised by issuing common stocks at the date the shares were 
issued. The amount of share capital has not changed over the current period. 

2.22.  Treasury shares 
Treasury shares are shares which are purchased on the stock exchange and the over-the-counter market by the 
Bank  and  are  presented  in  the  separate  statement  of  financial  position  at  acquisition  cost  as  a  deduction  from 
shareholders’ equity. Gains and losses on the sale of treasury shares are recognised directly to shareholder’s equity. 
Derecognition of treasury shares is based on the FIFO method. 

2.23.  Non-current assets held-for-sale and discontinued operations 
A discontinued operation is a component of an entity that either has been disposed of or is classified as held-for-
sale.  Hereinafter  non-current  assets  classified  as  held-for-sale,  disposal  group  and  discontinued  operations  are 
referred to as assets in accordance with IFRS 5. 
The  Bank  classifies  assets  under  IFRS  5  if  their  carrying  amount  will  be  recovered  principally  through  a  sale 
transaction rather than through continuing use. The Bank does not account for an asset under IFRS 5 that has been 
temporarily taken out of use as if it had been abandoned. 
The Bank measures an asset under IFRS 5 at the lower of its carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell. 
When the sale is expected to occur beyond one year, the Bank measures the costs to sell at their present value.  

Any increase in the present value of the costs to sell that arises from the passage of time shall be presented in profit 
or loss. Immediately before the initial classification of the asset under IFRS 5, the carrying amounts of the asset 
(or all the assets and liabilities in the group) are measured in accordance with applicable IFRS. 

The Bank does not depreciate (or amortize) an asset under IFRS 5 while it is classified as asset in accordance with 
IFRS 5. Interest and other expenses attributable to the liabilities of the asset under IFRS 5 shall continue to be 
recognized. 

If the Bank has classified an asset under IFRS 5, but the criteria for that are no longer met, the Bank  ceases to 
classify the asset under IFRS 5. The Bank measures these assets which cease to be classified as asset under IFRS 
5 at the lower of:  
- 

its carrying amount before the asset was classified as asset under IFRS 5, adjusted for any depreciation, 
amortisation or revaluations that would have been recognized had the asset not been classified as asset 
under IFRS 5, and 
its recoverable amount at the date of the subsequent decision not to sell. 

- 

The Bank presents an asset classified as asset under IFRS 5 separately from other assets in the Separate Statement 
of Financial Position. The liabilities of the asset under IFRS 5 are presented separately from other liabilities in the 
Separate Statement of Financial Position. Those assets and liabilities shall not be offset and presented as a single 
amount.  The  major  classes  of  assets  and  liabilities  classified  as  held  for  sale  or  discontinued  operations  are 
separately disclosed in the Notes. 

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IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 2: 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES [continued] 

2.23.   Non-current assets held-for-sale and discontinued operations [continued] 

The  Bank  presents  separately  any  cumulative  income  or  expense  recognized  in  other  comprehensive  income 
relating to a non-current asset (or disposal group) classified as held for sale. Results from discontinued operations 
are reported separately in the Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss as result from discontinued operations. 

2.24.  Interest income, income similar to interest income and interest expense 
Interest income and expenses are recognised in profit or loss in the period to which they relate, using the effective 
interest rate method.  
For exposures categorized into stage 1 and stage 2 the interest income is recognized on a gross basis. For exposures 
categorized into stage 3 (using effective interest rate) and for POCI (using credit-adjusted effective interest rate) 
the interest income is recognized on a net basis. 
The  time-proportional  income  similar  to  interest  income of  derivative  financial  instruments  calculated  without 
using the effective interest method and the positive fair value adjustment of interest rate swaps are also included 
in income similar to interest income. Interest income of FVTPL loans is calculated based on interest fixed in the 
contract and presented in “Income similar to interest income” line. 
Interest  from  loans  and  deposits  are  accrued  on  a  daily  basis.  Interest  income  and  expense  include  certain 
transaction  cost  and  the  amortisation  of  any  discount  and  premium  between  the  initial  carrying  amount  of  an 
interest-bearing instrument and its amount at maturity calculated on an effective interest rate basis. 
All interest income and expense recognised are arising from loans, placements with other banks, repo receivables, 
securities  at  fair  value  through  other  comprehensive  income,  securities  at  amortised  cost,  and  amounts  due  to 
banks, repo liabilities, deposits from customers, liabilities from issued securities, subordinated bonds and loans 
are presented under these lines of financial statements 
2.25.  Fees and Commissions 
Fees and commissions that are not involved in the amortised cost model are recognised in the Separate Statement 
of Profit or Loss on an accrual basis according to IFRS 15. These fees are related to deposits, cash withdrawal, 
security trading, bank card, etc.  

The Bank earns fee and commission income from a diverse range of financial services it provides to its customers. 
Fee and commission income is recognised at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Bank expects 
to be entitled in exchange for providing the services. The performance obligations, as well as the timing of their 
satisfaction, are identified, and determined, at the inception of the contract. When the Bank provides a service to 
its customers, consideration is invoiced and generally due immediately because it typically controls the services 
before transferring them to the customer. 

The  Bank  provides  foreign  exchange  trading  services  to  its  customers,  the  profit  margin  achieved  on  these 
transactions is presented as Net profit from fees and commissions in the Separate Statement of Profit or Loss. 

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NOTE 2: 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES [continued] 

2.25    Fees and Commisions [continued] 

Performance obligations satisfied over time include asset management, deposit and account maintenance services, 
where the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided by the Bank’s performance as 
the Bank performs. 

The Bank’s fee and commission income from services where performance obligations are satisfied over time 
are followings: 

Deposit and account maintenance fees and commissions and fees related to cash withdrawal 

The Bank provides a number of account management services for both retail and corporate customers in which 
they charge a fee. Fees related to these services can be typically account transaction fees (money transfer fees, 
direct debit fees, money standing order fees, etc.), internet banking fees (e.g. OTP Direct fee), account control fees 
(e.g. sms fee), or other fees for occasional services (account statement fees, other administration fees, etc.). Fees 
for ongoing account management services are charged to the customer’s account on a monthly basis. The fees are 
commonly  fixed  amounts  that  can  be  vary  per  account  package  and  customer  category.  In  the  case  of  the 
transaction-based fees where the services include money transfer the fee is charged when the transaction takes 
place. The rate of the fee is typically determined in a certain % of the transaction amount. In the case of other 
transaction-based  fees  (e.g.  SMS  fee),  the  fee  is  settled  monthly.  In  the  case  of  occasional  services,  the  Bank 
basically charges the fees when the services are used by the customer. The fees can be fixed fees or they can be 
set in %. The rates are reviewed by the Bank regularly. 
These fees for ongoing account management services are charged on a monthly basis during the period when they 
are provided. Transaction-based fees are charged when the transaction takes place or charged monthly at the end 
of the month. 

Fees and commission related to the issued bank cards 

The Bank provides a variety of bank cards to its customers, for which different fees are charged. The fees are 
basically charged in connection with the issuance of cards and the related card transactions. The annual fees of the 
cards are charged in advance in a fixed amount. The amount of the annual card fee depends on the type of card. In 
case  of  transaction-based  fees  (e.g.  cash  withdrawal/payment  fee,  merchant  fee,  interchange  fee,  etc.),  the 
settlement of the fees will take place immediately after the transaction or on a monthly basis. The fee is typically 
determined in % of the transaction with a fixed minimum amount. For all other cases where the Bank provides a 
continuous service to the customers (e.g. card closing fee), the fees are charged monthly. The fee is calculated in 
a fix amount. The rates are reviewed by the Bank regularly.  
These  fees  for  ongoing  services  are  charged  on  a  monthly  basis  during  the  period  when  they  are  provided. 
Transaction-based fees are charged when the transaction takes place or charged monthly at the end of the month. 

Fees and commissions related to security account management services 

The Bank provides its clients security account management services. Fees will be charged for account management 
and transactions on accounts. Account management fees are typically charged quarterly or annually. The amount 
is determined in %, based on the stocks of securities managed by the clients on the account in a given period. Fees 
for transactions on the securities account are charged immediately after the transaction. They are determined in %, 
based  on  the  transaction  amount.  Fees  for  complex  services  provided  to  clients  (e.g.  portfolio  management  or 
custody) are typically charged monthly or annually. The fees are fixed monthly amounts and in some cases a bonus 
fee are charged. 
These fees for ongoing services are charged quarterly or annually during the period when they are provided. The 
fees are accrued monthly. Transaction-based fees are charged when the transaction takes place. 

Fees and commissions related to fund management 

Fees from fund management services provided to investment funds and from portfolio management provided to 
insurance companies, funds. The fee income are calculated on the basis of net asset value of the portfolio and by 
the fee rates determined in the contracts about portfolio management. 
These fees for ongoing services are charged usually on monthly (mutual funds) or semi-annually (venture capital 
funds) during the period when they are provided but accrued monthly. 

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NOTE 2: 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES [continued] 

2.25    Fees and Commisions [continued] 

Net insurance fee income 

Due to the fact that the Bank rarely provides insurance services to its clients, only acts as an agent, the fee income 
charged  to  the  customers  and  fees  payable  to  the  insurance  company  are  presented  net  in  the  fee  income.  In 
addition, agency fee charged for the sale of insurance contracts is also recorded in this line. The fee is charged on 
a monthly basis and determined in %. 
Fees for ongoing services are charged on a monthly basis during the period when they are provided. 

Other fees 

Fees that are not significant in the Bank total income are included in Other fees category. Such fees are safe lease, 
special  procedure  fee,  account  rent  fee,  fee  of  a  copy  of  document,  etc.  Other  fees  may  include  charges  for 
continuous services or for ad hoc administration services. Continuous fees are charged monthly (e.g., safe lease 
fees) at the beginning of the period, typically at a fixed rate. Fees for ad hoc services are charged immediately after 
the service obligation were met, usually in a fixed amount. 
These fees for ongoing services are charged on a monthly basis during the period when they are provided. Fees 
for ad hoc services are charged when the transaction takes place. 

2.26.  Dividend income 
Dividend income refers to any distribution of entity’s earnings to shareholders from stocks or mutual funds that is 
owned by the Bank. The Bank recognizes dividend income in the separate financial statements when its right to 
receive the payment is established. 

2.27.  Income tax 
The Bank considers corporate income tax and local business tax and the innovation contribution as income tax in 
Hungary. The annual taxation charge is based on the tax payable under Hungarian fiscal law, adjusted for deferred 
taxation.  Deferred  taxation  is  accounted  for  using  the  balance  sheet  liability  method  in  respect  of  temporary 
differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying value for financial reporting purposes, 
measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply when the asset is realised or the liability is settled.  

Current tax asset or current tax liability is presented related to income tax and innovation contribution separately 
in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. 

Pillar  Two  –  Global  Anti-base  Erosion  Model  Rules  (“GloBE),  global  minimum  tax  –  introduces  a  minimum 
effective tax rate of at least 15%, calculated based on a specific rule set.  Pillar Two legislation has been enacted 
or substantively enacted in certain jurisdictions the Group operates. The legislation will be effective for the Group’s 
financial  year  beginning  1  January  2024.  The  Group  considers  this  top-up  tax  as  an  income  tax  according  to 
IAS 12. 

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are presented in a net way in the statement of financial position. Current tax asset 
or current tax liability is presented related to income tax and innovation contribution separately in the statement 
of financial position. 

Deferred tax assets are recognized by the Bank for the amounts of income tax that are recoverable in future periods 
in  respect  of  deductible  temporary  differences  as  well  as  the  carry  forward  of  unused  tax  losses  and  the 
carryforward of unused tax credits. 

The  Bank  recognizes  a  deferred  tax  asset  for  all  deductible  temporary  differences  arising  from  investments  in 
subsidiaries, branches and associates, and interests in joint arrangements, to the extent that, and only to the extent 
that, it is probable that: 

- the temporary difference will reverse in the foreseeable future; and  
- taxable profit will be available against which the temporary difference can be utilised. 

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NOTE 2: 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES [continued] 

2.27.    Income tax [continued] 

The Bank considers the availability of qualifying taxable temporary differences and the probability of other future 
taxable profits to determine whether future taxable profits will be available. 
The Bank recognizes a deferred tax liability for all taxable temporary differences associated with investments in 
subsidiaries,  branches  and  associates,  and  interests  in  joint arrangements,  except  to  the  extent  that  both  of  the 
following conditions are satisfied: 

-  
the Bank is able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference, and 
-    it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. 

The Bank only offsets its deferred tax liabilities against deferred tax assets when: 

- 
- 

there is a legally enforceable right to set-off current tax liabilities against current tax assets, and 
the taxes are levied by the same taxation authorities on either 

the same taxable entity or 

• 
•  different taxable entities which intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis. 

2.28.  Banking tax 
The Bank is obliged to pay banking tax based on Act LIX of 2006. As the calculation is not based on the taxable 
profit (but the adjusted Assets total calculated based on the Separate Financial Statements for the second period 
preceding  the  current  tax  year),  banking  tax  is  not  considered  as  income  tax.  Therefore,  the  banking  tax  is 
considered as an other administrative expense, not as income tax. 

Pursuant to Government Decree No. 197/2022 published on 4 June 2022, the Hungarian Government decided to 
impose a windfall tax on credit institutions and financial enterprises temporarily, that is for 2022 and 2023. 

As for 2022, the base of the windfall tax is the net revenues based on the 2021 financial statements, calculated 
according to local tax law, whereas the tax rate is 10%. 

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NOTE 2: 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES [continued] 

2.29.  Off-balance sheet commitments and contingent liabilities, provisions 
In the ordinary course of its business, the Bank has entered into off-balance sheet commitments such as guarantees, 
commitments to extend credit, letters of credit and transactions with financial instruments. The provision on off-
balance sheet commitments and contingent liabilities is maintained at a level adequate to absorb probable future 
losses which are probable and relate to present obligations.  
Those commitments and contingent liabilities Management determines the adequacy of the provision based upon 
reviews of individual items, recent loss experience, current economic conditions, the risk characteristics of the 
various categories of transactions and other pertinent factors. 
The Bank recognizes a provision for off-balance sheet commitment and contingent liabilities in accordance with 
IAS 37 when it has a present obligation as a result of a past event; it is probable that an outflow of resources 
embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation; and a reliable estimate can be made of the 
obligation. 

Expected credit loss model is applied for given financial guarantees and loan commitments which are under IFRS 
9  the,  when  the  provision  is  calculated  (see  more  details  in  Note  2.12.).  After  initial  recognition  the  Group 
subsequently measures those contracts at a higher of the amount of the loss allowance or of the amount initially 
recognised less the cumulative amount of income recognized in accordance with IFRS 15. 

2.30.  Share-based payment 
The Bank has applied the requirements of IFRS 2 Share-based Payment.  

The Bank issues equity-settled share-based payments to certain employees. Equity-settled share-based payments 
are measured at fair value at the grant date. The fair value determined at the grant date of the equity-settled share-
based payments is expensed on a straight-line basis over the year, based on the Bank’s estimate of shares that will 
eventually vest.  

Fair value is measured by use of a binomial model. The expected life used in the model has been adjusted, based 
on  Management’s  best  estimate,  for  the  effects  of  non-transferability,  exercise  restrictions,  and  behavioural 
considerations. 

2.31.  Employee benefits 
The Bank has applied the requirement of IAS 19 Employee Benefits. The Bank’s short-term employee benefits 
are wages, salaries and bonuses, premium, paid annual leave and paid sick leave and other free services (health 
care, reward holiday). Short-term employee benefits are expected to pay by the Bank within 12 month. These 
benefits are recognised as an expense and liability undiscounted in the separate financial statements. 

Short-term employee benefits are employee benefits (other than termination benefits) that are expected to be settled 
wholly before twelve months after the end of the annual reporting period in which the employees render the related 
service. These can be wages, salaries and bonuses, premium, paid annual leave and paid sick leave and other free 
services (health care, reward holiday). Long-term employee benefits are mostly the jubilee reward. 

Post-employment benefits are employee benefits (other than termination and short-term employee benefits) that 
are  payable  after  the  completion  of  employment.  Post-employment  benefit  plans  are  formal  or  informal 
arrangements  under  which  an  entity  provides  post-employment  benefits  for  one  or  more  employees.  Post-
employment benefit plans are classified as either defined contribution plans or defined benefit plans, depending 
on the economic substance of the plan as derived from its principal terms and conditions. 

Termination  benefits  are  employee  benefits  provided  in  exchange  for  the  termination  of  an  employee’s 
employment as a result of either: an entity’s decision to terminate an employee’s employment before the normal 
retirement  date  or  an  employee’s  decision  to  accept  an  offer  of  benefits  in  exchange  for  the  termination  of 
employment.  Other  long-term  employee  benefits  are  all  employee  benefits  other  than  short-term  employee 
benefits, postemployment benefits and termination benefits. 

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NOTE 2: 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES [continued] 

2.32.  Separate statement of cash flows 
Cash flows arising from the operating, investing or financing activities are reported in the Statement of Cash-
Flows of the Bank primarily on a gross basis. Net basis reporting are applied by the Bank in the following cases: 

▪  when the cash flows reflect the activities of the customer rather than those of the Bank, and 
▪ 
for items in which the turnover is quick, the amounts are large, and the maturities are short. 

For the purposes of reporting cash flows “Cash, due from banks and balances with the NBH” line item excluding 
compulsory reserve are considered as cash and cash equivalents by the Bank. This line item shows balances of 
HUF and foreign currency cash amounts, and sight depos from NBH and from other banks, furthermore balances 
of current accounts. 

Cash flows from hedging activities are classified in the same category as the item being hedged. The unrealised 
gains and losses from the translation of monetary items to the closing foreign exchange rates and the unrealised 
gains and losses from derivative financial instruments are presented separately net in the statement of cash flows 
for the monetary items which have been revaluated. 

2.33.  Segment reporting 
IFRS 8 Operating Segments requires operating segments to be identified on the basis of internal reports about 
components of the Bank that are regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker in order to allocate 
resources to the segments and to assess their performance.  
At  separate  level,  the  Management  does  not  separate  and  makes  decisions  based  on  different  segments;  the 
segments are identified by the Bank only at consolidated level in line with IFRS 8 paragraph 4. At Group level the 
segments identified by the Bank are the business and geographical segments.  
The Group’s operating segments under IFRS 8 are therefore  as follows: OTP  Core Hungary, Russia, Ukraine, 
Bulgaria,  Romania,  Serbia,  Croatia,  Montenegro,  Albania,  Moldova,  Slovenia,  Uzbekistan,  Merkantil  Group, 
Asset Management subsidiaries, other subsidiaries, Corporate Centre. 

2.34.  Comparative figures 
These separate financial statements are prepared in accordance with the same accounting policies in all respects 
as  the  Financial  Statements  prepared  in  accordance  with  IFRS  as  adopted  by  the  EU  for  the  year  ended  31 
December 2022 

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NOTE 3: 

SIGNIFICANT  ACCOUNTING  ESTIMATES  AND  DECISIONS 
APPLICATION OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

IN  THE 

The presentation of separate financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires the Management of the Bank 
to make judgements about estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and 
the  disclosure  of  contingent  assets  and  liabilities  as  at  the  date  of  the  financial  statements  and  their  reported 
amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The estimates and associated assumptions are based 
on expected loss and other factors that are considered to be relevant. The estimates and underlying assumptions 
are reviewed on an on-going basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period. Actual results 
could differ from those estimates. Significant areas of subjective judgements include: 

Loss allowance on financial instruments 

3.1. 
The Bank regularly assesses its financial instruments for impairment. Management determines the adequacy of the 
allowances  based  upon  reviews  of  individual  loans  and  placements,  recent  loss  experience,  current  economic 
conditions, the risk characteristics of the various categories of loans and other pertinent factors. The use of a new, 
three stage model was implemented for IFRS 9 purposes. The new impairment methodology is used to classify 
financial instruments in order to determine whether credit risk has significantly increased since initial recognition 
and  able  to  identify  credit-impaired  assets.  For  instruments  with  credit-impairment  or  significant  increase  of 
credit risk lifetime expected losses will be recognized. (For details see note 36.1.1.) 

Valuation of instruments without direct quotations  

3.2. 
Financial instruments without direct quotations in an active market are valued using the valuation model technique. 
The models are regularly reviewed and each model is calibrated for the most recent available market data. While 
the  models  are  built  only  on  available  data,  their  use  is  subject  to  certain  assumptions  and  estimates  (e.g.  for 
correlations, volatilities, etc). Changes in the model assumptions may affect the reported fair value of the relevant 
financial instruments.  

IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement seeks to increase consistency and comparability in fair value measurements and 
related  disclosures  through  a  'fair  value  hierarchy'.  The  hierarchy  categorises  the  inputs  used  in  valuation 
techniques into three levels. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to (unadjusted) quoted prices in active markets 
for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. The Bank evaluates the levelling at 
each reporting period on an instrument-by-instrument basis and reclassifies instruments when necessary, based on 
the facts at the beginning of the reporting period. The objective of a fair value measurement is to estimate the price 
at  which  an  orderly  transaction  to  sell  the  asset  or  to  transfer  the  liability  would  take  place  between  market 
participants at the measurement date under current market conditions. 

Provisions 

3.3. 
Provision is recognised and measured for commitments to extend credit and for warranties arising from banking 
activities based on IFRS 9 Financial Instruments. Provision for these instruments is recognised based on the credit 
conversion factor, which shows the proportion of the undrawn credit line that will be probably drawn. 

Other provision is recognised and measured based on IAS 37 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent 
Assets. The Bank is involved in a number of ongoing legal disputes. Based upon historical experience and expert 
reports, the Bank assesses the developments in these cases, and the likelihood and the amount of potential financial 
losses which are appropriately provided for. (See Note 24.) 

Other provision for off-balance sheet items includes provision for litigation, provision for retirement and expected 
liabilities and provision for Confirmed letter of credit. 

A provision is recognised by the Bank when it has a present obligation as a result of a past event, it is probable 
that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable 
estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. 

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NOTE 4: 

MACRO-ENVIRONMENT, IMPACT OF ECONOMIC SITUATION ON THE BANK 

Macro economy and financial situation in Hungary 

Having elevated after the rapid recovery that followed the Covid crisis and the outbreak of the Russian-Ukrainian 
war, inflation in advanced economies started to slow in 2023, but the developed world’s central banks had to raise 
interest rates aggressively until the end of the year. It was not before the year was nearing its end that the tightening 
cycle stopped and the debate on the possible timing of an interest rate cut began. Meanwhile, the labour market 
remained  tight,  with  low  unemployment  and  strong  wage  dynamics.  Developed  markets’  long-term  yields  hit 
multi-decade highs in the autumn, before a sharp fall began at the end of 2023.  
Economic  growth  printed  different  patterns  on  the  two  sides  of  the  Atlantic.  The  USA’s  economic  expansion 
accelerated in 2023, as opposed to the expected slowing, and growth shifted into higher gear in the second half of 
the year. The robust figures were driven by supportive fiscal policy, the large stocks of savings household had 
accumulated during the pandemic, and the low effective lending rates caused by the high share of loans with fixed 
interest rates. Headline inflation peaked in June 2022 (+8.9%), but the subsequent decline briefly stalled in the 
middle of 2023. However, core inflation continued to drop, easing to 3.9% YoY by the end of the year. The very 
loose fiscal policy, which raised the budget deficit from around 5% to 8% of GDP, required tight monetary policy 
to bring inflation down. The Fed has aggressively raised its base rate to 5.25–5.5% and began to reduce its balance 
sheet. 
The energy crisis brought the euro area to its knees, and the economy has been unable to recover amid high inflation 
and high interest rates, thus output has been practically stagnant since the third quarter of 2022. Countries with 
industries that used to rely heavily on Russian energy (e.g. Germany) were hit particularly hard. Elevated interest 
rates have led to a slowdown in lending, which has also hindered kick-starting growth in Europe. Disinflation was 
strong in the euro area in 2023: headline and core inflation fell to 2.8% and 3.3%, respectively by the end of the 
year.  The  biggest  concern  in  this  context  is  services  inflation,  which  has  been  stagnating  at  4.0%  YoY  since 
November 2023. Despite all the weakness in the economy and strong disinflation, the ECB has not yet considered 
cutting interest rates, thus the euro area ended last year with a deposit rate of 4% and a lending rate of 4.5%. 
Hungary’s economy fell into a longer and deeper recession than the rest of the CEE region in 2023 (GDP YoY: 
Q1: -0.9%; Q2: -2.4%; Q3: -0.4%; Q4 (flash): 0,0). However, the recession ended in the third quarter, and growth 
started to pick up on quarterly basis, helped by the base effect of an unprecedented poor agriculture season in 2022. 
Overall,  regarding  the  Hungarian  economy’s  underlying  processes,  activity  fell  sharply  in  Q4 2022  and  in  Q1 
2023, and it has been stagnating or trivially rising since then. The structure of growth is unfavourable, as the sharp 
fall in domestic use was moderated by an increase in net exports, but it was caused by the decline in imports owing 
to the sluggish domestic demand, rather than by exports’ strong expansion. 
Inflation peaked at 25.7%, ten percentage points higher than the average of the CEE region, before disinflation 
started in the spring. As disinflation accelerated starting from mid-2023, the pace of price increases accelerated, 
bringing down CPI to 5.5% YoY by December; the annual average rate of inflation was 17.6% in 2023. From the 
middle of the year, real wages started to rise again month-on-month, but this passed on to consumer spending only 
modestly. 
After running 8% current account deficit in 2022, Hungary’s external balance turned into surplus last year, as gas 
prices collapsed and imports fell due to a drop in domestic demand. The rapid rise in debt ratios between 2020 and 
2023 has stopped. 
The original budget deficit target of 3.9% of GDP proved to be unsustainable, so it was raised to 5.2% in October, 
but the accrual-based deficit probably exceeded 6% of GDP last year, even with the dividend payment by MVM 
and with the savings of the ‘utility protection fund’.  
Having raised the effective rate to 18% in autumn 2022, the MNB cut it in several steps by a total of 725 basis 
points, to 10.75% by the end of the year. The base rate regained its role in September, when the former overnight 
deposit facility was phased out. The EUR/HUF fell from around 400 at the beginning of the year to below 370 at 
one point in the summer, but stabilized around 380 by the end of 2023. 
Hungary made headway in accessing EU funds at the end of last year as the European Commission approved the 
so-called horizontal enabling conditions for the judicial reform in December. The government unblocked about 
EUR 11 billion worth of EU funds, thanks to the measures implemented last year.  
Starting from autumn 2022, the credit market froze in the CEE region, including Hungary, and similarly to Western 
Europe. There was a slight pick up at the end of 2023, particularly in retail lending, within that in ‘baby loans’ and 
housing loans; demand for cash loans also jumped at the end of the year. In full year 2023, the volume of housing 
loans rose by 1.3% (2022: 7.6%), that of cash loans grew  by 6.9% (2022: 9.3%), and corporate  loan volumes 
increased by an FX-adjusted 6% (2022: 15.5%). 

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NOTE 4: 

MACRO-ENVIRONMENT,  IMPACT  OF  ECONOMIC  SITUATION  ON  THE  BANK 
[continued] 

Summary of economic policy measures made and other relevant regulatory changes in the period under 
review 

Windfall tax [continued] 

o  On  24  April  2023  Government  Decree  No.  144/2023  was  published  amending  the  previously  laid  down 

methodology of windfall tax calculation for the second half of 2023.  
According to the new rules, the gross amount of the windfall tax for the year 2023 changed to HUF 41 billion 
in the case of OTP Group. 
Government decree No. 206/2023 (V.31.) published on 31 May 2023 outlined the details of the extra profit tax 
payable by credit institutions in 2024. The basis of the tax is the 2022 profit before tax (adjusted for several 
items). The tax rate is 13% for the part of the tax base that does not exceed HUF 20 billion, and 30% for the 
amount above HUF 20 billion. According to the decree, if the average amount of Hungarian government bonds 
owned  by  the  financial  institution  increases  over  a  certain  period,  the  windfall  tax  payable  by  the  credit 
institution  will  be  reduced.  The  reduction  cannot  be  more  than  10%  of  the  increase  in  government  bond 
holdings and cannot exceed 50% of the windfall tax payment obligation calculated without the reduction. 
The gross amount of the windfall tax for the year 2024 will be HUF 13 billion in  the case of the Hungarian 
Group members, which can be reduced to HUF 6.5 billion subject to the increase in government bond holdings. 
As for timing, the HUF 13 billion gross annual tax obligation was recognized in one sum in January 2024, 
whereas the pro-rated part of the reduction will be booked on a monthly basis, evenly split through 2024. 

Interest rate cap:  

o  Government decree No. 175/2023. (V. 12.) published on 12 May 2023 further extended the interest rate cap 
scheme  by  6  months,  until  the  end  of  2023,  in  the  case  of  the  affected  floating  and  fixed  rate  residential 
mortgages, as well as floating rate micro and small enterprises loan and leasing contracts.  

o  Pursuant to Government Decree No. 522/2023. (XI. 30.): 

▪  The interest rate cap for the outstanding volume of certain residential mortgage loans was extended by six 

months, until 30 June 2024. 

▪  The rate cap for the existing volume of certain MSE loans was extended until 1 April 2024. 
▪  Furthermore, Government Decree No. 471/2022 (XI. 21.) was amended, thus the provision that the interest 
rate on HUF-denominated demand deposits and time deposits with a maximum term of one year shall not 
exceed  the  average  auction  yield  of  the  most  recently  issued  three-month  discount  Treasury  Bill  was 
extended by three months, until 1 April 2024. In another amendment, starting from 1 December 2023, the 
scope of this cap was extended for entities who qualify as business customers in Hungary’s Civil Code.  

These provisions shall be applied to deposit contracts  concluded after 1 December 2023, as well as to demand 
deposit contracts existing on 1 December 2023. 

Voluntary interest rate cap on newly granted loans 

At the beginning of October 2023, the Ministry of Economic Development proposed that banks impose voluntary 
interest rate caps on newly granted HUF-denominated working capital loans for businesses, and on residential 
housing loans. OTP Bank has joined the initiative.  
Effective from October 2023, the Government set the voluntary interest rate cap on new housing loans at 8.5% 
and that on working capital loans to businesses at 12%. From 2 November the latter was reduced to 11.5%. From 
January 2024, the Government reduced the voluntary interest rate  cap on housing loans to 7.3% and that on 
corporate loans to 9.9%. In addition, the Government and the Hungarian Banking Association agreed that the 
voluntary interest rate cap scheme will be abolished simultaneously with the withdrawal of the interest rate cap 
for certain outstanding MSE volumes from 1 April 2024, i.e. in the future, interest rates will be determined by 
market competition. 

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NOTE 4: 

MACRO-ENVIRONMENT,  IMPACT  OF  ECONOMIC  SITUATION  ON  THE  BANK 
[continued] 

Summary of economic policy measures made and other relevant regulatory changes in the  period under 
review [continued] 

Savings, government bond market:  

o  Pursuant to Government decree No. 205/2023. (V. 31.), effective from 1 July 2023, on top of the existing 15% 
interest tax, an additional 13% social contribution tax was introduced temporarily for certain savings forms. 
The tax base is the interest income as defined by the PIT law, earned by natural persons after 1 July 2023 on 
bank  deposits  placed  or  certain  securities  (except  for  real  estate  investment  fund  investment  certificates) 
purchased after 1 July.  

o  Pursuant to Government decree No. 208/2023. (V. 31.), effective from 1 July 2023 the weight of securities in 
the portfolio of bond funds, equity funds and mixed funds must be at least 60%. Furthermore, from 1 August 
no  more  than  5%  of  the  assets  of  these  securities  funds  can  be  invested  in debt  securities  other  than  HUF 
denominated government securities. 

o  According to Government decree No. 209/2023. (V. 31.), between 1 October 2023 and 31 December 2023 
credit institutions shall send a warning notice to their natural person clients with bank account contracts about 
how much more interest they could have earned in a specific period with an investment of HUF 100,000, HUF 
500,000 and HUF 1,000,000 if they had invested in retail government securities instead of bank deposits.  

Family support schemes 

o  Baby  loan:  in  line  with  Government  decree  No.  303/2023.  (VII.  11.),  from  1  January  2024  the  maximum 
amount of baby loan will increase from HUF 10 to 11 million, and those families will be  eligible where the 
wife is below the age of 30 years. Also, the clause that baby loan contracts can be entered into by the end of 
this year lost effect, so the scheme will remain in place indefinitely. As for the interest rate fixation periods, in 
contrast to the current situation that the baby loans reprice in every 5 years, from 2024 the interest rate of newly 
contracted baby loans will be fixed for 1 year during the first 2 years, then the baby loans will have a 3-year 
rate fixation period. 

o  Housing Subsidy for Families (CSOK), village CSOK: from 1 January 2024 the village CSOK non-refundable 
amounts will increase, but in towns and settlements with more than 5,000 inhabitants the CSOK subsidy will 
no longer be available. 

Mandatory minimum reserve requirements 

Pursuant to NBH decree No. 6/2023. (III. 8.) and NBH decree No. 11/2023. (III. 31.), from April the minimum 
reserve requirement was increased to 10%, and the effective rate paid on the reserves was reduced to 9.75% from 
the previous 13%, since the national bank doesn’t pay any interest for the first 2.5% reserve requirement, and for 
the remaining amount the national bank pays the base rate. 
NBH decree No. 25/2023. (VI. 14.) amended the reserve requirement rules: among others, from 1 July 2023 up to 
15%  of  the  minimum  reserve  requirement  can  be  met  by  central  bank  deposits  with  at  least  14  days  original 
maturity. Also, from July until further notice (by the end of the year according to plans) the reserve requirement 
will be based on the volumes in the statistical balance sheet as at 31 March 2023. 

Capital regulation 

o  On 22 June 2023 the national bank announced that it postpones the activation of the Countercyclical Capital 
Buffer rate of 0.5% planned from 1 July 2023 by one year to 1 July 2024. In addition, it preventively reactivates 
the  Systemic Risk Buffer aimed at risks related to commercial real estate loans (especially non-performing 
loans). 

o  MREL minimum requirement: effective from 1 January 2024, the consolidated MREL minimum requirement 
for OTP Bank is 18.94%, while the minimum requirement including combined buffer requirements is 23.95% 
in % of the total RWA of the resolution group. 

o  Pillar 2 capital requirement: effective from 1 January 2024, the National Bank of Hungary imposed the below 

additional capital requirements for OTP Group, on consolidated level: 
▪  0.9%-point in case of the Common Equity Tier1 (CET1) capital, accordingly the minimum requirement for 

the consolidated CET1 ratio is 5.4% (without regulatory capital buffers); 

▪  1.2%-points in case of the Tier1 capital, accordingly the minimum requirement for the consolidated Tier1 

ratio is 7.2% (without regulatory capital buffers); 

▪  1.6%-points in case of the Total SREP Capital Requirement (TSCR), accordingly the minimum requirement 

for the consolidated capital adequacy ratio is 9.6% (without regulatory capital buffers). 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

290 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 4: 

MACRO-ENVIRONMENT,  IMPACT  OF  ECONOMIC  SITUATION  ON  THE  BANK 
[continued] 

The principles used in the preparation of the Separate Statement of Financial Position as at 31 December 
2023 in connection with the evaluation of Russian and Ukrainian exposures 

Going concern principle 

In the case of Ukraine and Russia OTP management applies a „going concern” approach, however in Russia the 
management is still considering all strategic options, bearing in mind that any future solution should be strictly 
within the framework and in accordance with applicable local and international regulations. 

In February 2022 a military conflict started between Russia and Ukraine. 
OTP Group’s Ukrainian operation incorporates the Ukrainian bank, as well as the leasing and factoring companies. 
The country-consolidated Ukrainian total assets represented HUF 1,037 billion at the end of 2023 (2.6% of total 
consolidated  assets),  while  net  loans  comprised  HUF  309  billion  (1.4%  of  consolidated  net  loans)  and 
shareholders’ equity amounted to HUF 157 billion (3.8% of the consolidated total equity).  
At the end of 2023 the gross intragroup funding towards the Ukrainian operation represented HUF 83 billion, while 
taking into account the Ukrainian deposits placed with the Headquarters, i.e. the net group funding stood at HUF 
22 billion equivalent deposit placed by the Ukrainian operation (i.e. Ukraine funded the Group).  
In 2023 the Ukrainian operation posted an adjusted profit after tax of HUF 45.2 billion, against the HUF 15.9 
billion loss suffered in the corresponding period of last year.  

The  total  assets  of  the  Group’s  Russian  operation  represented  HUF  1,471  billion  at  the end  of 2023  (3.7%  of 
consolidated  total  assets),  while  net  loans  comprised  HUF  588  billion  (2.7%  of  consolidated  net  loans)  and 
shareholders’ equity HUF 275 billion (6.7% of consolidated total equity).  
As the Russian subsidiary repaid its maturing intragroup loans in 4Q 2022, the gross intragroup funding towards 
the  Russian  operation  declined  to  zero  and  remained  nil  throughout  2023.  At  the  end  of  2023  the  intragroup 
subordinated loan exposure toward the Russian operation amounted to HUF 9 billion equivalent. 
The Russian operation posted HUF 95.7 billion adjusted profit in 2023, after the HUF 42.5 billion profit reached 
in full-year 2022.  
In 2H 2023 the Russian Central Bank approved twice a dividend payment by OTP’s Russian subsidiary with a 
total amount of RUB 13.4 billion.  
If the Russian entity was deconsolidated and the outstanding gross intragroup exposures were written off as well, 
the effect for the consolidated CET1 ratio would be -11 bps, whereas in the Ukraine the negative effect would be 
2 bps. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

291 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 4: 

MACRO-ENVIRONMENT,  IMPACT  OF  ECONOMIC  SITUATION  ON  THE  BANK 
[continued] 

The principles used in the preparation of the Separate Statement of Financial Position as at 31 December 
2023 in connection with the evaluation of Russian and Ukrainian exposures [continued] 

Significant estimates affected by the Russian-Ukrainian conflict during the preparation of these Separate 
Financial Statements 

During the preparation of these Separate Financial Statements, the Bank identified the following estimates, which 
were significantly affected by the Russian-Ukrainian conflict: 

1)  Evaluation of Russian sovereign exposures (government securities) and related reserves for expected credit 

losses at OTP Bank (as parent company) 

2)  Evaluation of Ukrainian sovereign exposures (government securities) and related reserves for expected credit 

losses at OTP Bank (as parent company) 

3)  Evaluation of derivative transactions denominated in Russian rubles 
4)  Evaluation of derivative transactions denominated in the Ukrainian hryvnia 
5)  Provisions for expected credit losses related to Russian and Ukrainian interbank claims and customer loans 
(following direct exposure to the Russian and Ukrainian markets, non-Russian and Ukrainian bank exposures) 

6)  Evaluation of investments 

Securities at amortized cost 
Securities at fair value through other comprehensive income  
Other financial assets 
Investments 
TOTAL ASSETS 

Reference 

1 
1 

6 

Gross 
value 

33,681 
30,873 
6,721 
462,646 
533,921 

Impairment 

(11,507) 
(22,920) 
(2,570) 
(299,339) 
(336,336) 

References 

1.  Evaluation  of  Russian  sovereign  exposures  and  related  reserves  for  expected  credit  losses  -  other 
exposures of the group 

Outside of Russia, the marketability of Russian government securities is significantly limited due to sanctions and 
capital  market  participants  turning  away  from  Russian  securities.  The  credit  rating  of  the  Russian  state  was 
withdrawn  in  2022,  the  Group  classifies  the  Russian  state  as  non-performing,  and  in  accordance  with  this,  it 
assigned the affected exposures to the Stage 3 category. The Russian state not only recognizes its obligation and 
has the necessary financial reserves, but would also be willing to pay, so the increased loss potential is caused by 
non-traditional credit risks. In the case of a portfolio valued at fair value against other comprehensive income, the 
book value is determined based on the level 3 prices of IFRS13. Cash-flow estimation, current market benchmarks 
(provided  by  Bloomberg),  liquidity  and  non-credit  risk  considerations  were  taken  into  account  in  fair  value 
calculation. 

2.  Valuation  of  Ukrainian  sovereign  exposures  and  related  reserves  for  expected  credit  losses  -  other 
exposures of the group 

Ukrainian government securities are exclusively in the books of the Ukrainian subsidiary. 

3. Valuation of Russian derivative transactions 

In the case of futures contracts concluded with local partners on the Russian market, the evaluation is carried out 
using yield curves available and observable on the local market. In cases where one of the partners is not Russian, 
the evaluation is done using yield curves available and observable on the international market. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

292 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 4: 

MACRO-ENVIRONMENT,  IMPACT  OF  ECONOMIC  SITUATION  ON  THE  BANK 
[continued] 

The principles used in the preparation of the Separate Statement of Financial Position as at 31 December 
2023 in connection with the evaluation of Russian and Ukrainian exposures [continued] 

References [continued] 

4. Valuation of Ukrainian derivatives 

The Treasury turnover of the Ukrainian bank is low, and a significant part of the derivative transactions are related 
to the bank's risk management and concluded with the parent company. During the actual evaluation, the expected 
cash-flow  is  discounted  using  yield  curves  observed  based  on  current  market  benchmarks  (published  by  the 
National Bank of Ukraine). 

5. Provisions for expected credit losses related to Russian and Ukrainian interbank claims and customer 
loans (following direct exposure to the Russian and Ukrainian markets, non-Russian and Ukrainian bank 
exposures) 

As  part  of  the  quarterly  monitoring  activity,  the  Bank  has  identified  and  analysed  the  secondary  and  tertiary 
negative effects of the war in the corporate segment. Changes related to the meanwhile imposed sanctions – which 
should have been taken into consideration at analysis - have been followed up. As part of the individual monitoring 
activity separate monitoring methodology and assessment were prepared for exposures above HUF 250 million as 
follows: 

sectors vulnerable to the risk arising from changes of energy / interest / foreign exchange  

i) 
ii)  customers from sectors with high risks according to the loan policy, especially the hotel industry and 

real estate utilisation industry  

iii)  municipalities, customers owned by municipalities 

Customers  identified  during  monitoring  activity  were  classified  into  Stage  2,  expected  credit  losses  were 
recognised at the corresponding level and amount. As at 31 December 2022 the concerning exposures (HUF 92.7 
billion) had HUF 4 billion of expected credit loss, from which impairment loss was recognised in amount of HUF 
3 billion. As at 31 December 2023 the concerning exposures (HUF 72 billion) had HUF 2.7 billion of expected 
credit loss.  

When technical or objective default occured due to sanctions the affected exposures were classified into Stage 3. 
In these cases at least two scenarios were taken into consideration as the estimation of expected cash flows for 
impairment calculation. At least one scenario represents that case when significant differences occur between the 
expected and the contractual cash flows. Probabilities shall be allocated to represent the occurence of credit loss, 
even in that case when most likely there is no need to recognise impairment loss.  

6. Evaluation of investments 

The  Bank  has  evaluated  its  investments  in  3  countries  concerning  the  Russian-Ukrainian  conflict  based  on 
discounted cash flows, and as a result reversal of impairment loss was recognised for the year ended 31 December 
2023 as follows: 

by 
Country 

Reversal of impairment loss for the 
year ended 31 December 2023 

Ukraine 
Russia 
Moldova 
Total 

- 
- 
(3,163) 
(3,163) 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

293 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 4: 

MACRO-ENVIRONMENT,  IMPACT  OF  ECONOMIC  SITUATION  ON  THE  BANK 
[continued] 

Financial assets modified during the year ended 31 December 2023 

Modification due to prolongation of existing interest rate cap till 31 December 2023 
Gross carrying amount before modification 
Modification loss  
Gross carrying amount after modification 
Loss allowance before modification 
Net amortised cost after modification 

179,970 
(6,952) 
173,018 
(9,376) 
163,642 

Modification due to prolongation of existing interest rate cap till 30 June 2024 (in case of SME loans till 1 April 
2024) 
Gross carrying amount before modification 
Modification loss  
Gross carrying amount after modification 
Loss allowance before modification 
Net amortised cost after modification 

124,456 
(2,065) 
122,391 
(7,938) 
114,453 

Financial assets modified during the year ended 31 December 2022 

Modification due to prolongation of deadline of covid moratoria till 31 July 2022 (opt in) 
Gross carrying amount before modification 
Modification loss  
Gross carrying amount after modification 
Loss allowance before modification 
Net amortised cost after modification 

Modification due to prolongation of interest rate cap (30 June 2022) 
Gross carrying amount before modification 
Modification loss 
Gross carrying amount after modification 
Loss allowance before modification 
Net amortised cost after modification 

79,253 
(301) 
78,952 
(23,965) 
54,987 

66,133 
(2,405) 
63,728 
(1,580) 
62,148 

Modification due to moratoria related to agriculture and prolongation of the existing moratoria ( 30 September 
2022) 
Gross carrying amount before modification 
Modification loss 
Gross carrying amount after modification 
Loss allowance before modification 
Net amortised cost after modification 

95,560 
(1,562) 
93,998 
(19,404) 
74,594 

Modification due to prolongation of interest rate cap (30 November 2022) 
Gross carrying amount before modification 
Modification loss 
Gross carrying amount after modification 
Loss allowance before modification 
Net amortised cost after modification 

151,318 
(531) 
150,787 
(6,094) 
144,693 

Modification due to scope extension (mortgage loans with 5 year fixing without subsidy) and prolongation of the 
existing interest rate cap (31 December 2022) 
Gross carrying amount before modification 
Modification loss 
Gross carrying amount after modification 
Loss allowance before modification 
Net amortised cost after modification 

205,891 
(10,058) 
195,833 
(6,915) 
188,918 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

294 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 5: 

CASH, AMOUNTS DUE FROM BANKS AND BALANCES WITH THE NATIONAL 
BANK OF HUNGARY (in HUF mn) 

Cash on hand: 
In HUF 
In foreign currency 

Amounts  due  from  banks  and  balances  with  National  Bank  of 
Hungary: 
Within one year: 

In HUF 
In foreign currency 

Subtotal 

Loss allowance 

Subtotal 

Average amount of compulsory reserve 

Total 

Rate of the compulsory reserve 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

86,317 
15,412 
101,729 

2,272,840 
334,058 
2,606,898 
2,708,627 

80,809 
20,506 
101,315 

739,382 
252,854 
992,236 
1,093,551 

(395) 

(1,353) 

2,708,232 

1,092,198 

1,143,307 

1,564,925 

10% 

740,428 

351,770 

6% 

The Bank shall deposit compulsory reserve in a determined percent of its liabilities at NBH. Liabilities considered 
in compulsory reserve calculation are as follows: 

a)  deposits and loans, 
b)  debt instruments, 
c) 
repo transactions. 

The amount of the compulsory reserve is the multiplication of the daily average of the liabilities considered in the 
compulsory  reserve  calculation  and  compulsory  reserve  rate, which  are  determined  by  the  NBH  in  a  specific 
decree. The Bank is required to complete compulsory reserve requirements in average in the second month after 
the reserve calculation period, requirements shall be completed once a month on the last calendar day. The Bank 
complies with the compulsory reserve requirements by the deposit of the adequate amount of cash as the calculated 
compulsory reserve on the bank account at NBH in monthly average. 

An analysis of the change in the loss allowance on placement losses is as follows: 

Balance as at 1 January 
Loss allowance 
Release of loss allowance 
FX movement 
Closing balance 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

1,353 
3,588 
(4,399) 
(147) 
395 

185 
5,023 
(3,813) 
(42) 
1,353 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

295 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 6: 

PLACEMENTS WITH OTHER BANKS (in HUF mn) 

Within one year: 

In HUF 
In foreign currency 

Over one year 
In HUF 
In foreign currency 

Total placements 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

563,752 
134,346 
698,098 

1,196,419 
814,791 
2,011,210 

825,820 
366,574 
1,192,394 

1,215,114 
511,103 
1,726,217 

2,709,308 

2,918,611 

Loss allowance on placement losses 

(6,875) 

(18,782) 

Total 

2,702,433 

2,899,829 

An analysis of the change in the loss allowance on placement losses is as follows: 

Balance as at 1 January 
Loss allowance 
Release of loss allowance 
Use of loss allowance 
FX movement 
Closing balance 

Interest conditions of placements with other banks (%): 

Placements with other banks in HUF 
Placements with other banks in foreign currency 
Average interest of placements with other banks 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

18,782 
8,178 
(19,727) 
- 
(358) 
6,875 

7,490 
27,571 
(17,026) 
- 
747 
18,782 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

0%-25% 
0%-11.6% 
7.55% 

0%-25.7% 
0%-13.29% 
7.51% 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

296 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 7: 

REPO RECEIVABLES (in HUF mn) 

Within one year: 

In HUF 

Total gross amount 

Loss allowance on repo receivables 

Total repo receivables 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

202,025 
202,025 

202,025 

(367) 

201,658 

248,696 
248,696 

248,696 

(2,167) 

246,529 

An analysis of the change in the loss allowance on repo receivables is as follows: 

Balance as at 1 January 
Loss allowance 
Release of loss allowance 
Closing balance 

Interest conditions of repo receivables (%): 

Repo receivables in HUF 
Average interest of repo receivables denominated in HUF 
Average  interest  of  repo  receivables  denominated  in  foreign 

currency 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

2,167 
11,755 
(13,555) 
367 

72 
4,480 
(2,385) 
2,167 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

7.49%-11.4% 
13.85% 

10.7%-18% 
7.31% 

3.86% 

- 

Securities as collaterals underlying repo receivable contracts is as follows: 

As at 31 December 2023 

Type 

Currency  Notional  Fair value 
219,270 
233,408 
Government bonds 
HUF 
1,384 
1,439 
Hungarian government discounted Treasury Bills  HUF 
220,654 
234,847 

Total 

As at 31 December 2022 

Type 

Currency  Notional 
321,794 
Government bonds 
HUF 
3,949 
Hungarian government discounted Treasury Bills  HUF 
325,743 

Total 

Fair value 
259,268 
3,784 
263,052 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

297 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 8: 

FINANCIAL ASSETS AT FAIR VALUE THROUGH PROFIT OR LOSS (in HUF mn) 

31 December  
2023 

31 December 
2022 

Held for trading securities: 

Government bonds 
Other non-interest bearing securities 
Hungarian government discounted Treasury Bills 
Corporate shares and investments 
Mortgage bonds 

Other securities 
Subtotal 

Securities mandatorily measured at fair value through profit or 
loss 

Shares in investment funds 
Shares 
Subtotal 

Held for trading derivative financial instruments: 
Foreign currency swaps 
Interest rate swaps 
CCIRS and mark-to-market CCIRS  swaps 
Other derivative transactions 

Subtotal 

Total 

22,352 
320 
71 
513 
111 
4,437 
27,804 

31,124 
1,808 
32,932 

66,324 
65,434 
23,221 
41,820 
196,799 

257,535 

67,521 
274 
4,785 
385 
82 
1,748 
74,795 

29,029 
1,469 
30,498 

121,854 
121,506 
14,847 
46,512 
304,719 

410,012 

Interest conditions and the remaining maturities of securities held for trading are as follows: 

31 December  
2023 

31 December  
2022 

Within one year: 

variable interest 
fixed interest 

Over one year: 

variable interest 
fixed interest 

Non-interest bearing securities 

Total 

Securities held for trading denominated in HUF  
Securities held for trading denominated in foreign currency  

Securities held for trading total 

Government bonds denominated in HUF  
Government bonds denominated in foreign currency  
Government securities total 

Interest rates on securities held for trading in HUF 
Interest rates on securities held for trading in foreign 
currency 
Average interest on securities held for trading  

103 
12,881 
12,984 

975 
13,012 
13,987 

833 

27,804 

28% 
72% 
100% 

18% 
82% 
100% 

3,041 
10,467 
13,508 

9,535 
51,093 
60,628 

659 

74,795 

89% 
11% 
100% 

90% 
10% 
100% 

1%-16.25% 

0%-16.69% 

0%-7.63% 
11.58% 

0%-7.63% 
6.44% 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

298 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 8: 

FINANCIAL ASSETS AT FAIR VALUE THROUGH PROFIT OR LOSS (in HUF mn) 
[continued] 

Interest conditions and the remaining maturities of securities mandatorily measured at fair value through profit or 
loss are as follows: 

Non-interest bearing securities 

Total 

Securities mandatorily measured at fair value through profit 

or loss denominated in HUF  

Securities mandatorily measured at fair value through profit 

or loss denominated in foreign currency  

Securities mandatorily measured at fair value through 

profit or loss total 

31 December  
2023 

31 December 
2022 

32,932 

32,932 

73% 

27% 

100% 

30,498 

30,498 

69% 

31% 

100% 

NOTE 9: 

SECURITIES AT FAIR VALUE THROUGH OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 
(in HUF mn) 

Securities at fair value through other comprehensive income 
Government bonds 
Mortgage bonds 
Interest bearing treasury bills 
Other securities 
Listed securities 
      in foreign currency 
Non-listed securities 
      in HUF 
      in foreign currency 
Subtotal 

Non-trading equity instruments 
   -non-listed securities 
      in HUF 
      in foreign currency 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

189,385 
300,569 
236 
48,160 
11,622 
11,622 
36,538 
12,115 
24,423 
538,350 

21,177 
528 
20,649 
21,177 

177,393 
356,540 
182,726 
62,594 
7,290 
7,290 
55,304 
14,304 
41,000 
779,253 

17,922 
528 
17,394 
17,922 

Securities at fair value through other comprehensive income 
total 

559,527 

797,175 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

299 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 9: 

SECURITIES AT FAIR VALUE THROUGH OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (in 
HUF mn) [continued] 

Detailed  information  of  the  non-trading  equity  instruments  to  be  measured  at  fair  value  through  other 
comprehensive income: 

Name 
Garantiqa 
Hage / Közvil / Pénzügykut 
OBS 
VISA A Preferred 

Currency 

HUF 
HUF 
EUR 
USD 

31 December 
2023 
392 
136 
14,318 
6,331 
21,177 

31 December  
2022 
392 
136 
11,915 
5,479 
17,922 

Interest conditions and the remaining maturities of FVOCI securities can be analysed as follows: 

Within one year: 

variable interest 
fixed interest 

Over one year: 

variable interest 
fixed interest 

Non-interest bearing securities 

Total 

FVOCI securities denominated in HUF  
FVOCI securities denominated in foreign currency  

FVOCI securities total 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

30,130 
13,235 
43,365 

120,268 
374,717 
494,985 

21,177 

559,527 

71% 
29% 
100% 

- 
261,529 
261,529 

235,661 
282,063 
517,724 

17,922 

797,175 

83% 
17% 
100% 

Interest rates on FVOCI securities denominated in HUF  
Interest  rates  on  FVOCI  securities  denominated  in  foreign 
currency  

1.25%-13.8% 

1.25%-17.36% 

0.74%-16% 

0.74%-16% 

Average interest on FVOCI securities 

8.16% 

5.78% 

Certain fixed-rate mortgage bonds and other securities are hedged against interest rate risk. (See Note 45.4.) 

Net gain / (loss) reclassified from other comprehensive income to 
statement of profit or loss 
Fair value of the hedged securities: 

Government bonds 
Other bonds 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

25,363 

118,405 
3,625 
122,030 

(22,816) 

118,979 
43,870 
162,849 

During the year ended 31 December 2023 the Bank didn’t sell any of equity instruments designated to measure at 
fair  value  through other  comprehensive  income.  During  the  year  ended 31  December 2022  equity  instruments 
designated  to  measure  at  fair  value  through  other  comprehensive  income  was  sold.  Fair  value  related  to  the 
transactions were EUR 12.8 million. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

300 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 10: 

SECURITIES AT AMORTISED COST (in HUF mn) 

Government bonds 
Other bonds 
Mortgage bonds 
Subtotal 

Loss allowance 

Total 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

2,396,803 
315,532 
24,738 
2,737,073 

2,979,400 
314,237 
24,586 
3,318,223 

(26,225) 

(35,850) 

2,710,848 

3,282,373 

Interest conditions and the remaining maturities of securities at amortised cost can be analysed as follows: 

Within one year: 

fixed interest 

Over one year: 

variable interest 
fixed interest 

Total 

The distribution of the securities at amortised cost by currency (%): 

Securities at amortised cost denominated in HUF  
Securities at amortised cost denominated in foreign currency  
Securities at amortised cost total 
Interest rates on securities at amortised cost 
Average  interest  on  securities  at  amortised  cost  denominated  in 

HUF 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

63,775 
63,775 

4,845 
2,668,453 
2,673,298 

321,879 
321,879 

24,601 
2,971,743 
2,996,344 

2,737,073 

3,318,223 

31 December 
2023 
72% 
28% 
100% 
0,1%-13.2% 

31 December 
2022 
72% 
28% 
100% 
0.1%-17.74% 

3.95% 

2.93% 

An analysis of change in the loss allowance on securities at amortised cost: 

Balance as at 1 January 
Loss allowance 
Release of loss allowance 
FX movement 
Closing balance 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

35,850 
2,287 
(10,863) 
(1,049) 
26,225 

6,685 
31,696 
(4,073) 
1,542 
35,850 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

301 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 11: 

LOANS (in HUF mn) 

Loans measured at fair value through profit or loss 

Within one year 
Over one year 

Loans measured at fair value through profit or loss total 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

46,131 
888,717 

934,848 

39,694 
753,548 

793,242 

Loans measured at fair value through profit or loss are mandatorily measured at fair value through profit or loss. 

Loans measured at amortised cost, net of allowance for loan losses 

Within one year 
Over one year 
Loans at amortised cost gross total 

Loss allowance on loan losses 

Loans at amortised cost total 

An analysis of the loan portfolio by currency (%): 

In HUF 
In foreign currency 
Total 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

2,245,979 
2,582,795 
4,828,774 

2,481,249 
2,518,671 
4,999,920 

(147,415) 

(174,880) 

4,681,359 

4,825,040 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

61% 
39% 
100% 

58% 
42% 
100% 

Interest rates of the loan portfolio mandatorily measured at fair value through profit or loss are as follows (%): 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

Loans denominated in HUF 

3.1%-21.08% 

2,89%-18,26% 

Average interest on loans denominated in HUF 

5.96% 

4.77% 

Interest rates of the loan portfolio measured at amortised cost are as follows (%): 

Loans denominated in HUF 
Loans denominated in foreign currency 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

0%-43.11% 
0%-21.21% 

0%-43.7% 
(0.1%)-20.1% 

Average interest on loans denominated in HUF 
Average interest on loans denominated in foreign currency 

11.32% 
5.42% 

9.77% 
2.74% 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

302 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 11: 

LOANS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

For an analysis of the loan portfolio by stages, countries and rating categories please see Note 36.1. 

An analysis of the change in the loss allowance on loans at amortised cost is as follows: 

Balance as at 1 January 
Loss allowance 
Release of loss allowance 
Use of loss allowance 
Partial write-off 
FX movement 
Closing balance 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

174,880 
257,173 
(241,580) 
(35,043) 
(5,263) 
(2,752) 
147,415 

155,557 
252,002 
(210,342) 
(21,274) 
(7,348) 
6,285 
174,880 

The Bank sells non-performing loans without recourse at estimated fair value to a wholly owned subsidiary, OTP 
Factoring Ltd. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

303 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 12: 

INVESTMENTS IN SUBSIDIARIES, ASSOCIATES, JOINT VENTURES AND 
OTHER INVESTMENTS (in HUF mn) 

Investments in subsidiaries: 

Controlling interest 
Other 
Subtotal 

Impairment loss 

Total 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

2,390,718 
29,349 
2,420,067 

2,116,059 
23,427 
2,139,486 

(418,115) 

(542,769) 

2,001,952 

1,596,717 

Other investments contain certain securities accounted at cost.  

Significant subsidiaries 

Investments in companies in which the Bank has a controlling interest (direct) are detailed below. All companies 
are incorporated in Hungary unless indicated otherwise: 

OTP Bank JSC (Ukraine) 
OTP Luxembourg S.à r.l. 
DSK Bank EAD (Bulgaria) 
OTP banka Srbija akcionarsko drustvo 

Novi Sad (Serbia) 

OTP banka Hrvatska d.d. (Croatia) 
OTP Bank Romania S.A. (Romania) 
OTP Mortgage Bank Ltd. 
SKB Banka d.d. Ljubljana (Slovenia) 
Ipoteka Bank (Uzbekistan) 
JSC "OTP Bank" (Russia) 
Crnogorska komercijalna banka a.d. 

(Montenegro) 

OOO AlyansReserv (Russia) 
Air-Invest Llc. 
OTP Holding Malta Ltd. 
Balansz Private Open-end Investment 

Fund 

Bank Center No. 1. Ltd. 
OTP Factoring Ltd. 
Other 
Total 

31 December 2023 

31 December 2022 

% Held 
(direct/indirect) 
100% 
100% 
100% 

Gross book 
value 
311,390 
301,470 
280,722 

% Held 
(direct/indirect) 
100% 
100% 
100% 

Gross book 
value 
311,390 
- 
280,722 

100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
80% 
98% 

100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 
100% 

262,759 
204,243 
- 
199,294 
107,689 
110,015 
74,337 

72,784 
50,074 
49,248 
32,359 

60,629 
43,955 
25,411 
204,339 
2,390,718 

100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
- 
98% 

100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 
100% 

262,759 
205,349 
167,764 
199,294 
107,689 
- 
74,337 

72,784 
50,074 
39,248 
32,359 

60,630 
26,063 
25,411 
200,186 
2,116,059 

An analysis of the change in the impairment loss is as follows: 

Balance as at 1 January 
Impairment loss for the period 
Reversal of impairment loss 
Use of impairment loss 
Closing balance 

31 December 
2023 
542,769 
348 
(87,345) 
(37,657) 
418,115 

31 December 
2022 
449,256 
147,712 
(54,199) 
- 
542,769 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

304 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 12: 

INVESTMENTS IN SUBSIDIARIES, ASSOCIATES, JOINT VENTURES AND OTHER 
INVESTMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

The Bank decided that the recoverable amount is determined based on fair value less cost of disposal. The Bank 
prepared impairment tests of the subsidiaries based on two different net present value calculation methods that 
show the same result; however they represent different economical logics. On one hand is the discount cash flow 
method (“DCF”) that calculates the value of the subsidiaries by discounting their expected cash flow; on the other 
hand the economic value added (“EVA”) method estimates the value of the subsidiaries from the initial invested 
capital and the  present value of the economic profit that the companies are expected to generate  in the future. 
Applying the EVA method was more practically than DCF method because it gives a more realistic picture about 
how the explicit period and the residual value can contribute to the value of the company. 
The Bank, in its strategic plan, has taken into consideration the effects of the present global economic situation, 
the  cautious  recovery  of  economic  situation  and  outlook,  the  associated  risks  and  their  possible  effect  on  the 
financial sector as well as the current and expected availability of wholesale funding. 

An analysis of the impairment loss by significant subsidiaries is as follows: 

OTP Bank JSC (Ukraine) 
OTP Mortgage Bank Ltd. 
LLC Alliance Reserve (Russia) 
Air-Invest Ltd. 
Monicomp Ltd. 
OTP Real Estate Ltd. 
R.E. Four d.o.o. (Serbia) 
JSC "OTP Bank" (Russia) 
OTP Life Annuity Ltd. 
OTP Bank Romania S.A. (Romania) 
OTP banka Srbija akcionarsko drustvo Novi Sad (Serbia) 
Crnogorska komercijalna banka a.d. (Montenegro) 
Balansz Private Open-end Investment Fund 
Total 

31 December 
2023 
280,763 
84,707 
15,801 
10,965 
8,632 
4,395 
3,763 
2,775 
2,281 
- 
- 
- 
- 
414,082 

31 December 
2022 
280,763 
84,707 
15,801 
10,965 
8,632 
5,557 
3,763 
2,775 
10,969 
77,962 
23,452 
4,495 
5,110 
534,951 

Dividend  income  from  significant  subsidiaries  and  shares  held-for-trading  and  shares  measured  at  fair 
value through other comprehensive income is as follows: 

OTP Factoring Ltd. 
DSK Bank EAD (Bulgaria) 
JSC "OTP Bank" (Russia) 
OTP banka Srbija akcionarsko drustvo Novi Sad (Serbia) 
OTP banka dioničko društvo (Croatia) 
OTP Luxembourg S.à r.l. 
OTP Bank S.A. (Moldova) 
Merkantil Bank Ltd. 
Crnogorska komercijalna banka a.d. (Montenegro) 
OTP Holding Ltd. (Cyprus) 
OTP Mortgage Bank Ltd. 
Other 
Subtotal 
Dividend from shares held-for-trading 
Dividend  from  shares  fair  value  through  other  comprehensive 
income 
Total 

31 December 
2023 
70,000 
48,658 
33,961 
30,873 
28,574 
21,131 
5,513 
3,800 
3,511 
3,000 
- 
12,201 
261,222 
14,229 

31 December 
2022 
45,000 
74,314 
- 
- 
14,637 
- 
- 
8,000 
- 
7,800 
18,000 
14,403 
182,154 
12,166 

254 
275,705 

207 
194,527 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

305 

 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 12: 

INVESTMENTS IN SUBSIDIARIES, ASSOCIATES, JOINT VENTURES AND OTHER INVESTMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

Significant associates and joint ventures 

The main figures of the Bank’s indirectly owned associates and joint ventures at cost as at 31 December 2023: 

List of associated entities  

Carrying 
amount 

Ownership of 
OTP Bank 

Profit after tax 

Country / Headquarter 

Activity 

Edrone spółka z ograniczoną 
 odpowiedzialnością 

NovaKid Inc. 
Banzai Cloud Closed Co. Plc 
CodeCool Ltd 
Pepita.hu Closed Co. Plc 
Seon Holdings Ltd 
VCC Live Group Closed Co. Plc 
Cursor Insight Ltd 
OneSoil Ag. 
Packhelp Spółka Akcyjna 

Phoenix Play Invest Closed Co. Plc 
Algorithmiq Invest Closed Co. Plc 
Deligo Vision Technologies Ltd 
Shopper Park Plus Closed Co. Plc.1 
New Frontier Technology Invest SARL 
Mindgram sp. z.o.o 
Tine Limited 
Renewabl Ltd. 
Giganci Programowania sp. z.o.o. 
FlowX.Ai., Inc 
Commsignia Inc. 

Deskbird AG 
Subtotal (Investments through funds) 
OTP Risk Fund I. 
OTP-DayOne Magvető Fund 
D-ÉG Thermoset Ltd 'u.l.' 
Company for Cash Services AD  
Fabetker Ltd 
NGY Propertiers Investment SRL 
Fintech CEE Software Invest Ltd 
Bankart Procesiranje Placilnih Instrumentov d.o.o. 
Mortgage refinancing Company of Uzbekistan 
Dél-borsodi Gazdák Ltd. 
"Egertej"Ltd.  
Orbánhegyi Szőlőbirtok 
Subtotal 
Total 
1Previously known as: GRADUW Invest Closed Co. Plc 

848 
2,009 
4 
1,310 
2,679 
8,070 
1,632 
73 
6 
899 

6,368 
5,185 
302 
5,237 
3,624 
206 
- 
102 
514 
2,252 
1,763 

1,079 
44,162 
611 
280 
- 
392 
3 
11,637 
408 
7,219 
1,030 
4 
8 
- 
21,592 
65,754 

23.54% 
4.07% 
17.42% 
7.26% 
38.75% 
19.26% 
24.72% 
6.75% 
3.72% 
3.14% 

21.68% 
21.68% 
8.70% 
2.80% 
14.00% 
2.38% 
0.00% 
5.01% 
5.03% 
9.50% 
3.17% 

8.46% 

44.12% 
22.00% 
46.99% 
25.00% 
20.00% 
14.54% 
20.04% 
43.06% 
20.00% 
40.92% 
28.12% 
25.00% 

Poland / Krakow 
USA / San Francisco 
Hungary /Budapest 
Hungary /Budapest 
Hungary / Szeghalom 
UK / London 
Hungary /Budapest 
UK / London 
Switzerland / Zurich 
Poland / Warsaw 

Hungary /Budapest 
Hungary /Budapest 
Hungary /Budapest 
Hungary /Budapest 
Luxemburg / Luxembourg 
Poland / Warsaw 
Great Britain / London 
Great Britain / London 
Poland / Warsaw 
USA / Camano Park 
USA / Santa Clara 

St. Gallen / Switzerland 

Hungary /Budapest 
Hungary /Budapest 
Hungary / Dunaújváros 
Bulgaria / Sofia 
Hungary / Nádudvar 
Romania / Bucharest 
Hungary /Budapest 
Ljubjana / Slovenia 
Tashkent / Uzbekistan 
Hungary / Mezőkeresztes 
Hungary / Eger 
Hungary / Budapest 

Computer programming activities 
Online kids English learning platform operator  
Computer programming activities 
Other education 
Retail sale via mail order houses or via Internet 
Computer programming activities 
Computer programming activities 
Computer programming activities 
Computer programming activities 
Manufacture of corrugated paper and paperboard and of containers of 
paper and paperboard 
Activities of holding companies 
Activities of holding companies 
Other information service activities 
Sale and purchase of own real estate 
Activities of holding companies 
Other human health activities 
Child day-care services 
Other information technology services 
Other education 
Computer programming activities 
Retail sale of computers, peripheral units and  

software in specialized stores 
Computer programming activities 

Trusts, funds and similar financial entities 
Trusts, funds and similar financial entities 
Wholesale of hardware, plumbing and heating equipment and supplies 
Other financial service activities, except insurance and pension funding 
Manufacture of concrete products for construction purposes 
Renting and operating of own or leased real estate 
Activities of holding companies 
Data processing, web hosting services 
Refinancing mortgage loans 
Wholesale of grain, tobacco, seeds and animal feeds. 
Manufacture of dairy products. 
Viticulture 

(342) 
(231) 
267 
(731) 
(580) 
(1,210) 
(220) 
(51) 
(819) 
(2,725) 

151 
(8,907) 
(215) 
3,175 
103 
(1,083) 
(1,086) 
(269) 
(149) 
(1,786) 
(1,438) 

(1,944) 
(20,090) 
158 
308 
n.a. 
337 
119 
6,903 
(7) 
(1,733) 
(615) 
(4) 
78 
28 
5,572 
(14,518) 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

306 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 12: 

INVESTMENTS IN SUBSIDIARIES, ASSOCIATES, JOINT VENTURES AND  
OTHER INVESTMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

Significant associates and joint ventures [continued] 

The main figures of the Bank’s indirectly owned associates and joint ventures at cost1 as at 31 December 2022: 

List of associated entities  

Carrying 
amount 

Ownership of 
OTP Bank 

Profit after tax 

Country / Headquarter 

Activity 

Edrone spółka z ograniczoną 
 odpowiedzialnością 

NovaKid Inc. 
Banzai Cloud Closed Co. Plc 
CodeCool Ltd 
Pepita.hu Closed Co. Plc 
Seon Holdings Ltd 
VCC Live Group Closed Co. Plc 
Cursor Insight Ltd 
OneSoil Ag. 
Packhelp Spółka Akcyjna 

Phoenix Play Invest closed Co. Plc 
Algorithmiq Invest Closed Co. Plc 
Deligo Vision Technologies Ltd 
GRADUW Invest Closed Co. Plc 
SEH-Partner Ltd 
New Frontier Technology Invest SARL 
Mindgram sp. z.o.o 
Subtotal (Investments through funds) 
OTP Risk Fund I. 
OTP-DayOne Magvető Fund 
D-ÉG Thermoset Ltd 'u.l.' 

Company for Cash Services AD  

Fabetker Ltd 
NGY Propertiers Investment SRL 
Simonyi út 20. Ingatlanhasznosító Ltd 
Fintech CEE Software Invest Ltd 
Subtotal 
Total 

1 Based on unaudited financial statements. 

822 
1,723 
216 
1,323 
1,323 
8,689 
1,308 
75 
362 
1,168 

2,350 
8,195 
205 
4,803 
6,403 
3,393 
200 
42,558 
520 
683 
- 

392 

1 
11,735 
90 
127 
13,548 
56,106 

23.54% 
4.07% 
17.42% 
20.15% 
40.00% 
19.26% 
24.75% 
6.75% 
3.72% 
3.15% 

21.69% 
21.69% 
2.50% 
3.81% 
30.56% 
14.01% 
2.38% 

44.12% 
22.00% 
46.99% 

25.00% 

20.48% 
14.54% 
47.62% 
20.04% 

Poland / Krakow 
USA / San Francisco 
Hungary /Budapest 
Hungary /Budapest 
Hungary / Szeghalom 
UK / London 
Hungary /Budapest 
UK / London 
Switzerland / Zurich 
Poland / Warsaw 

Computer programming activities 
Online kids English learning platform operator  
Computer programming activities 
Other education 
Retail sale via mail order houses or via Internet 
Computer programming activities 
Computer programming activities 
Computer programming activities 
Computer programming activities 
Manufacture of corrugated paper and paperboard 
 and of containers of paper and paperboard 

Hungary /Budapest 
Hungary /Budapest 
Hungary /Budapest 
Hungary /Budapest 
Hungary /Budapest 
Luxemburg / Luxembourg 
Poland / Warsaw 

Activities of holding companies 
Activities of holding companies 
Other information service activities 
Sale and purchase of own real estate 
Activities of holding companies 
Activities of holding companies 
Other human health activities 

(516) 
(5,409) 
267 
1 
(157) 
(3) 
(226) 
n.a. 
(514) 
(3,385) 

(1) 
792 
(15) 
131 
n.a. 
n.a. 
(328) 
(9,363) 
(52) 
13 
- 

Hungary /Budapest 
Hungary /Budapest 
Hungary / Dunaújváros 

183 

Bulgaria / Sofia 

Hungary / Nádudvar 
Romania / Bucharest 
Hungary /Debrecen 
Hungary /Budapest 

135 
(22,567) 
- 
n.a. 
(22,288) 
(31,651) 

Trusts, funds and similar financial entities 
Trusts, funds and similar financial entities 
Wholesale of hardware, plumbing and heating equipment and 
supplies 
Other financial service activities,  

except insurance and pension funding 

Manufacture of concrete products for construction purposes 
Renting and operating of own or leased real estate 
Renting and operating of own or leased real estate 
Activities of holding companies 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

307 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 12: 

INVESTMENTS IN SUBSIDIARIES, ASSOCIATES, JOINT VENTURES AND  
OTHER INVESTMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

Significant events related to investments 

The Metropolitan Court of Registration has registered a capital increase at OTP Mortgage Bank Ltd. The registered 
capital of OTP Mortgage Bank Ltd. was increased to HUF 57,000,000,000 from HUF 37,000,000,000. 

The  Bank  signed  a  purchase  and  sale  contract  for  the  purchase  of  the  majority  stake  of  Ipoteka  Bank  and  its 
subsidiaries with the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Uzbekistan.  
OTP Bank will purchase 100% of the shares held by the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Uzbekistan (nearly 
97% total shareholding) in two steps: 75% of the shares now and the remaining 25% three years after the financial 
closing of the first transaction.  

Based on the share sale and purchase agreement concluded on 12 December 2022 between OTP Bank and the 
Ministry of Economy and Finance of the Republic of Uzbekistan the first step of the transaction was completed 
on  13  June  2023.  Consequently,  OTP  Bank  became  the  majority  shareholder  of  Ipoteka  Bank  by  acquiring  a 
73.71% shareholding, and became indirect shareholder of Ipoteka Bank’s wholly-owned subsidiaries. As a result 
of the acquisition, OTP Group entered the Central Asian region, and is the first foreign bank to participate in the 
privatization of the Uzbek banking sector. Holding a market share of 7.6% in terms of total assets as of May 2023 
and a retail clientele of about 1.5 million, Ipoteka Bank is the fifth largest bank of Uzbekistan. It is active both in 
the retail and corporate segments, whereas over the past three years the average annual growth rate of its customer 
loan and deposit portfolio reached 20% and 24%, respectively. As the second step of the transaction, the remaining 
shares held by the Ministry will be purchased in three years from now. 

The financial completion of the transaction to purchase 100% shareholding of Nova KBM d.d. and its subsidiary 
– after obtaining all necessary regulatory approvals – has been completed on 6 February 2023, based on the share 
sale  and  purchase  agreement  concluded  between  OTP  Bank,  funds  managed  by  affiliates  of  Apollo  Global 
Management, Inc. and EBRD, on 31 May 2021. The acquisition of the bank is the most significant acquisition in 
the history of OTP Group.  
With a market share of 20.7% in terms of total assets as of September 2022 and more than 1,500 employees as of 
the end of 2022, Nova KBM d.d. is the 2nd largest bank in the Slovenian banking market. As a universal bank, it 
has been active in the retail  and corporate segments as well. With the transaction closing of Nova KBM, OTP 
Group has around 30% share in the Slovenian banking market on a pro-forma basis.  

The Metropolitan Court of Registration hasregistered a capital increase at OTP Real Estate Ltd. Accordingly, the 
registered capital of OTP Real Estate Ltd. was increased to HUF 1,050,000,000 from HUF 1,000,000,000. 

On 4 January 2024 the Metropolitan Court of Registration has registered a capital increase at Merkantil Bank Ltd. 
The registered capital of Merkantil Bank Ltd. was increased to HUF 3,000,000,000 from HUF 2,000,000,000. 

On 8 January 2024 the Metropolitan Court of Registration has registered a capital increase at Monicomp Ltd. The 
registered capital of Monicomp Ltd. was increased to HUF 226,500,000 from HUF 203,000,000. 

On  2  February  2024  the  Uzbek  Court  of  Registration  has  registered  a  capital  increase  at  JSCMB  'IPOTEKA 
BANK’. the registered capital of JSCMB 'IPOTEKA BANK’ was increased to UZS 3,834,217,638,941 from UZS 
2,989,584,338,941. As a consequence of the capital increase the ownership ratio of OTP Bank Plc. increased to 
79.58%.

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

308 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 13: 

PROPERTY, EQUIPMENT AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS (in HUF mn) 

For the year ended 31 December 2023 

Intangible 
assets 

Property 

Office 
equipment 
and vehicles 

Vehicles 

Construction 
in progress 

Right of use 
assets 

Total 

Cost 

Balance as at 1 
January 
Additions 
Disposals 
Closing balance 

Depreciation and 
Amortization 

Balance as at 1 
January 
Charge for the year 
Disposals 
Closing balance 

Net book value 

Balance as at 1 
January 
Closing balance 

213,085 
55,533 
(6,764) 
261,854 

78,595 
10,550 
(3,227) 
85,918 

112,924 
15,662 
(12,772) 
115,814 

197 
200 
(59) 
338 

15,650 
30,718 
(26,739) 
19,629 

59,349 
68,060 
(40,755) 
86,654 

479,800 
180,723 
(90,316) 
570,207 

143,605 
25,902 
(5,768) 
163,739 

30,148 
3,900 
(2,070) 
31,978 

82,577 
12,290 
(12,548) 
82,319 

77 
39 
(20) 
96 

- 
- 
- 
- 

19,467 
8,927 
(7,962) 
20,432 

275,874 
50,814 
(28,124) 
298,564 

69,480 
98,115 

48,447 
53,940 

30,347 
33,495 

120 
242 

15,650 
19,629 

39,882 
66,222 

203,926 
271,643 

For the year ended 31 December 2022 

Intangible 
assets 

Property 

Office 
equipment 
and vehicles 

Vehicles 

Construction 
in progress 

Right of use 
assets 

Total 

Cost 

Balance as at 1 
January 
Additions 
Disposals 
Balance as at 31 
December 

188,853 
59,839 
(35,607) 

74,506 
5,979 
(1,890) 

103,469 
15,804 
(6,349) 

213,085 

78,595 

112,924 

Depreciation and Amortization 

Balance as at 1 
January 
Charge for the year 
Disposals 
Balance as at 31 
December 

Net book value 

Balance as at 1 
January 
Balance as at 31 
December 

126,692 
24,768 
(7,855) 

28,316 
4,347 
(2,515) 

77,404 
10,211 
(5,038) 

143,605 

30,148 

82,577 

62,161 

69,480 

46,190 

26,065 

48,447 

30,347 

The Bank has no intangible assets with indefinite useful life. 

199 
12 
(14) 

197 

62 
29 
(14) 

77 

137 

120 

9,425 
28,117 
(21,892) 

31,118 
29,156 
(925) 

407,570 
138,907 
(66,677) 

15,650 

59,349 

479,800 

- 
- 
- 

- 

13,887 
7,383 
(1,803) 

246,361 
46,738 
(17,225) 

19,467 

275,874 

9,425 

17,231 

161,209 

15,650 

39,882 

203,926 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

309 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 14: 

INVESTMENT PROPERTIES (in HUF mn) 

For the year ended 31 December 2023 and for the year ended 31 December 2022, respectively 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

Property 

Cost 

Balance as at 1 January 
Additions result from subsequent expenditure 
Closing balance 

Depreciation and Amortization 

Balance as at 1 January 
Charge for the period 
Closing balance 

Net book value 

Balance as at 1 January 
Closing balance 

5,027 
138 
5,165 

820 
142 
962 

4,207 
4,203 

5,013 
14 
5,027 

685 
135 
820 

4,328 
4,207 

According  to  the  opinion of  the  Management  there  is  no  significant  difference between  the  fair  value  and  the 
carrying value of these properties. 

Income and Expenses 
Rental income 
Depreciation 

31 December  
2023 
9 
138 

31 December 
2022 
8 
135 

NOTE 15: 

FAIR VALUE OF DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL ASSETS DESIGNATED AS HEDGE 
ACCOUNTING (in HUF mn) 

Positive fair value of derivative financial assets designated as hedge accounting: 

Interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedge 
CCIRS designated as fair value hedge 
Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedge 
Total 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

12,521 
10,173 
(1,066) 
21,628 

29,139 
20,732 
(2,651) 
47,220 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

310 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 16: 

OTHER ASSETS1 (in HUF mn) 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

Other financial assets 
Receivables  from  OTP  Employee  Stock  Ownership  Program 
(OTP ESOP) 
Prepayments and accrued income 
Receivables from investment services 
Stock exchange deposit 
Trade receivables 
Receivables from card operations 
Receivables from suppliers 
Other 

Loss allowance 
Other financial assets total 
Other non-financial assets 
Accrued expenses 
Receivable related to Hungarian Government subsidies 
Other 

Provision for impairment on other assets 
Other non-financial assets total 

Total 

133,347 
23,785 
29,597 
19,630 
13,960 
51,938 
9,367 
25,089 
306,713 
(7,875) 
298,838 

42,574 
15,996 
9,160 
67,730 

(607) 

67,123 

365,961 

119,123 
15,674 
34,828 
30,939 
11,053 
34,783 
6,621 
9,130 
262,151 
(7,026) 
255,125 

44,106 
19,076 
12,144 
75,326 

(699) 

74,627 

329,752 

An analysis of the movement in the loss allowance on other financial assets is as follows: 

Balance as at 1 January 
Charge for the period  
Release of loss allowance 
Use of loss allowance 
FX movement 
Closing balance 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

7,026 
6,686 
(4,479) 
(1,227) 
(131) 
7,875 

5,148 
10,572 
(7,715) 
(982) 
3 
7,026 

An analysis of the movement in the loss allowance on other non-financial assets is as follows: 

Balance as at 1 January 
Charge for the period  
Release of provision 
FX movement 
Closing balance 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

699 
266 
(336) 
(22) 
607 

514 
255 
(106) 
36 
699 

1 Other assets are expected to be recovered or settled no more than twelve months after the reporting period.  

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

311 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 17: 

AMOUNTS DUE TO BANKS AND DEPOSITS FROM THE NATIONAL BANK OF 
HUNGARY AND OTHER BANKS (in HUF mn) 

Within one year: 
In HUF 
In foreign currency 

Over one year: 

In HUF 
In foreign currency 

Subtotal 

Total 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

328,641 
337,184 
665,825 

615,167 
480,587 
1,095,754 
1,761,579 

554,794 
448,935 
1,003,729 

392,947 
339,452 
732,399 
1,736,128 

1,761,579 

1,736,128 

Interest rates on amounts due to banks and deposits from the NBH and other banks are as follows (%): 

Within one year: 
In HUF 
In foreign currency 

Over one year: 

In HUF 
In foreign currency 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

(2.4%)-8.75% 
(2.31%)-4.2% 

(2.4%) - 18% 
(2.31%) - 5.9% 

(1.7%)-11.4% 
(2.02%)-7.18% 

(2.4%) - 9.23% 
(2.4%) - 6.84% 

Average interest on amounts due to banks in HUF 
Average interest on amounts due to banks in foreign currency 

6.02% 
3.55% 

3.24% 
1.50% 

NOTE 18: 

REPO LIABILITIES (in HUF mn) 

Within one year: 
In HUF 
In foreign currency 

Over one year: 

In HUF 
In foreign currency 

Subtotal 

Total 

Interest rates on repo liabilities are as follows (%): 

Within one year: 
In HUF 
In foreign currency 

Over one year: 

In HUF 
In foreign currency 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

100,296 
101,862 
202,158 

190,255 
51,281 
241,536 
443,694 

443,694 

122,676 
15,561 
138,237 

82,200 
187,929 
270,129 
408,366 

408,366 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

9.25%-10.63% 
1.67% 

11.5% - 15.47% 
2.47%-5.2% 

9.25%-10.63% 
1.67%-5.92% 

15% 
3.58%-3.69% 

Average interest on repo liabilities in HUF 
Average interest on repo liabilities in foreign currency 

15.22% 
4.51% 

9.31% 
0.30% 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

312 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 19: 

DEPOSITS FROM CUSTOMERS (in HUF mn) 

Within one year: 

In HUF 
In foreign currency 

Over one year: 
In HUF 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

7,747,906 
2,962,206 
10,710,112 

24,213 
24,213 

7,982,882 
3,112,937 
11,095,819 

23,339 
23,339 

Total 

10,734,325 

11,119,158 

Interest rates on deposits from customers are as follows (%): 

Within one year: 
In HUF 
In foreign currency 

Over one year: 

In HUF 
In foreign currency 

Average interest on deposits from customers in HUF 
Average interest on deposits from customers in foreign currency 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

0%-15.4% 
(0.36%)-11.77% 

0%-17.95% 
(0.4%)-45.1% 

0%-10.75% 
0%-9,73% 

3.75% 
1.36% 

0%-13% 
- 

2.32% 
0.12% 

An analysis of deposits from customers by type, not including accrued interest, is as follows: 

31 December 2023 

31 December 2022 

Retail deposits 

Household deposits 

Corporate deposits 

Deposits to medium and large corporates 
Municipality deposits 

Total 

4,422,120 
4,422,120 
6,312,205 
5,402,710 
909,495 

43% 
43% 
57% 
50% 
7% 
10,734,325  100%  11,119,158  100% 

4,756,881 
4,756,881 
6,362,277 
5,570,866 
791,411 

41% 
41% 
59% 
51% 
8% 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

313 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 20: 

LIABILITIES FROM ISSUED SECURITIES (in HUF mn) 

Within one year: 

In HUF 
In foreign currency 

Over one year: 
In HUF 

In foreign currency 

Total 

Interest rates on liabilities from issued securities are as follows (%): 

Issued securities denominated in HUF 
Issued securities denominated in foreign currency 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

161,217 
26,670 
187,887 

43,025 
932,197 
975,222 

1,163,109 

4,311 
6,351 
10,662 

46,192 
441,855 
488,047 

498,709 

31 December 
2023 
0,6%-15% 
5,5%-8,1% 

31 December 
2022 
0,6%-15% 
5,5%-7,35% 

Average interest on issued securities denominated in HUF 
Average  interest  on  issued  securities  denominated  in  foreign 
currency 

11.42% 

6.88% 

2.63% 

2.95% 

Term Note Program in the value of HUF 200 billion for the year of 2022/2023 

On 10 May 2022 the Bank initiated term note program in the value of HUF 200 billion  with  the  intention  of 
issuing  registered dematerialized bonds  in  public. The  NBH  approved on  10  August 2022  the prospectus of 
Term Note Program. The prospectus is valid for 12 months following the disclosure.  

Term Note Program in the value of HUF 800 billion for the year of 2023/2024 

On 18 April 2023 the Bank initiated term note program in the value of HUF 800 billion  with  the  intention  of 
issuing registered dematerialized bonds in public. The NBH approved on 7 August 2023 the prospectus of Term 
Note Program. The prospectus is valid for 12 months following the disclosure.  

Notes issued in amount of USD 650 million 

On 15 February 2023 as a value date the Bank issued Notes in the aggregate nominal amount of USD 650 million. 
The original maturity of the Tier 2 Notes is 10.25 years, redeemable at par any time during the 3-month period 
prior to the Reset Date at 5.25 years. The notes are rated ’Ba2’ by Moody’s Investor Services Cyprus Ltd., ’BB’ 
by S&P Ratings Europe Limited and ’BB+’ by Scope Ratings GmbH. The notes are listed on the Luxembourg 
Stock Exchange. 

Notes issued in amount of USD 500 million 

Notes (ISIN: XS2626773381) have been issued on 25 May 2023 as value date in the aggregate nominal amount 
of  USD  500  million.  The  notes  are  rated  ’Baa3’  by  Moody’s  Investor  Services  Cyprus  Ltd.,  ’BBB-’  by  S&P 
Ratings Europe Limited and ’BBB+’ by Scope Ratings GmbH. The notes are listed on the Luxembourg Stock 
Exchange. 

Notes issued in amount of EUR 110 million 

OTP Bank issued notes (ISIN: XS2642536671) on 27 June 2023 as value date in the aggregate nominal amount 
of EUR 110 million. The notes are listed on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange. 

Notes issued in amount of EUR 650 million 

Notes (ISIN: XS2698603326) have been issued on 5 October 2023 as value date in the aggregate nominal amount 
of EUR 650 million. The notes are rated ’Baa3’ by Moody’s Investor Services Cyprus Ltd. and ’BBB+’ by Scope 
Ratings GmbH. The notes are listed on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

314 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 20: 

LIABILITIES FROM ISSUED SECURITIES (in HUF mn) [continued] 

Notes issued in amount of RON 170 million 

The Bank issued notes (ISIN: XS2703264635) on 13 October 2023 as value date in the aggregate nominal amount 
of RON 170 million. The notes are rated ’BBB+’ by Scope Ratings GmbH. The notes are listed on the Luxembourg 
Stock Exchange. 

Notes issued in amount of EUR 75 million 

The  Bank  issued  notes  (ISIN:  XS2737630314)  on  22  December  2023  as  value  date  in  the  aggregate  nominal 
amount of EUR 75 million. The notes are listed on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange. 

Hedge accounting 

Certain issued structured securities are hedged by the Bank with interest rate swaps (“IRS”) which exchange the 
fixed and floating interest rate with the interest rate of the securities between the parties at a notional amount that 
equals the nominal amount of the hedged securities. These are considered as fair value hedge relationships as they 
cover the interest rate risk arising from the coupons of the hedged securities. OTP Bank does not intend to be 
exposed to the risk embedded in the structured bonds, consequently as part of interest rate swap transaction the 
structured  interest  payments  are  swapped  to  floating  interest  rate.  This  hedging  relationship  meets  all  of  the 
following hedge effectiveness requirements: 

• 
• 
• 

there is an economic relationship between the hedged item and the hedging instrument 
the effect of credit risk does not dominate the value changes that result from that economic relationship 
the hedge ratio of the hedging relationship is the same as that resulting from the quantity of the hedged 
item that the Bank actually hedges and the quantity of the hedging instrument that the Bank actually uses 
to hedge that quantity of hedged item 

The cash-flows of the fixed rate securities issued by the Bank are exposed to the changes in the HUF/EUR foreign 
exchange rate and the volatility of the quoted interest rates of EUR and HUF. The interest rate risk and foreign 
exchange risk related to these securities are hedged with EUR and HUF IRS transactions, where the fixed interests 
were swapped to payments linked to 3 month HUF BUBOR and EURIBOR, resulting in a decrease in the interest 
rate and foreign exchange exposure of issued securities. 

Issued securities denominated in foreign currency as at 31 December 2023 

Name 

Date of 
issuance 

Maturity  Currency 

Nominal 
value in FX 
million 

Nominal value 
in HUF million 

Amortised 
cost in FX 
million 

Amortised 
cost in HUF 
million 

Interest 
conditions 
(in % actual) 

1  XS2560693181 
2  XS2698603326 
3  XS2626773381 
4  XS2499691330 

01/12/2022 
05/10/2023 
25/05/2023 
13/07/2022 

04/03/2026 
05/10/2027 
25/05/2027 
13/07/2025 

5  XS2642536671 

27/06/2023 

27/06/2026 

6  XS2737630314 

22/12/2023 

22/06/2026 

7  XS2536446649 

29/09/2022 

29/09/2026 

EUR 
EUR 
USD 
EUR 

EUR 

EUR 

USD 

8  XS2703264635 

13/10/2023 

13/10/2026 

RON 

   Subtotal issued securities in foreign currency 

649 
650 
500 
400 

110 

75 

60 

170 

248,497 
248,725 
173,152 
153,111 

42,106 

28,709 

20,786 

13,082 

928,168 

689 
674 
499 
410 

114 

75 

61 

173 

263,732  fixed 
258,006  fixed 
173,011  fixed 
157,095  fixed 

43,745  fixed 

28,778  fixed 

21,180  fixed 

7.35 
6.13 
7.50 
5.50 

7.50 

6.10 

7.25 

13,320  variable  8.10 

958,867 

Issued securities denominated in foreign currency as at 31 December 2022 

Name 

Date of 
issuance 

Maturity  Currency 

Nominal 
value in FX 
million 

Nominal value 
in HUF million 

Amortised 
cost in FX 
million 

Amortised 
cost in HUF 
million 

Interest 
conditions 
(in % actual) 

1  XS2560693181 
2  XS2499691330 

01/12/2022 
13/07/2022 

04/03/2026 
13/07/2025 

3  XS2536446649 

29/09/2022 

29/09/2026 

EUR 
EUR 

USD 

650 
399 

60 

   Subtotal issued securities in foreign currency 

260,136 
159,859 

22,541 

442,536 

653 
409 

61 

261,341  fixed 
163,893  fixed 

22,972  fixed 

7.35 
5.50 

7.25 

448,206 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

315 

 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 20: 

LIABILITIES FROM ISSUED SECURITIES (in HUF mn) [continued] 

Issued securities denominated in HUF as at 31 December 2023 

Name 

Date of 
issuance 

Maturity 

Nominal 
value in HUF 
million 

Amortised 
cost in HUF 
million 

Interest conditions  Hedged 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

OTP_HUF_2024/1 

OTP_HUF_2025/1 

OTP_HUF_2024/2 

OTP_HUF_2024/3 

OTP_HUF_2024/6 

OTP_HUF_2024/4 

OTP_HUF_2024/5 

OTP_HUF_2024/7 

OTP_HUF_2026/1 

OTP_HUF_2025/2 

OTP_HUF_2024/9 

OTP_HUF_2024/8 

17/02/2023 

17/02/2024 

18/11/2022 

18/11/2025 

10/03/2023 

10/03/2024 

31/03/2023 

31/03/2024 

02/06/2023 

02/06/2024 

21/04/2023 

21/04/2024 

12/05/2023 

12/05/2024 

23/06/2023 

23/06/2024 

22/12/2022 

05/01/2026 

30/06/2023 

30/06/2025 

28/07/2023 

28/07/2024 

30/06/2023 

30/06/2024 

OTP_HUF_2024/13 

20/10/2023 

20/10/2024 

OTP_HUF_2024/14 

17/11/2023 

17/11/2024 

OTP_HUF_2024/15 

20/12/2023 

20/12/2024 

OTP_HUF_2024/12 

25/09/2023 

25/09/2024 

OTP_HUF_2024/11 

01/09/2023 

01/09/2024 

OTP_HUF_2024/10 

07/08/2023 

07/08/2024 

OTP_HUF_2026/2 

15/12/2023 

15/12/2026 

OTPX2024B 

OTPX2024A 

OTPX2024C 

10/10/2014 

16/10/2024 

18/06/2014 

21/06/2024 

15/12/2014 

20/12/2024 

OTP_TBSZ_HUF_2028/1 

13/10/2023 

15/12/2028 

Other 

26,079 

25,563 

22,977 

17,015 

16,722 

14,698 

13,946 

11,232 

10,228 

5,116 

4,173 

3,730 

3,494 

3,509 

2,994 

2,777 

2,655 

1,431 

647 

295 

241 

242 

155 

206 

fix 

fix 

fix 

fix 

fix 

fix 

fix 

fix 

fix 

fix 

fix 

fix 

fix 

fix 

fix 

fix 

fix 

fix 

fix 

indexed 

indexed 

indexed 

11.00 

15.00 

11.00 

11.00 

11.00 

11.00 

11.00 

10.50 

12.00 

12.00 

10.50 

10.50 

8.75 

8.50 

8.00 

9.00 

9.75 

10.00 

7.40 

0.70 

1.30 

0.60 

fix 

12.00 

28,593 

27,042 

25,048 

18,441 

17,806 

15,837 

14,937 

11,859 

11,856 

5,431 

4,364 

3,931 

3,557 

3,547 

3,004 

2,845 

2,743 

1,490 

649 

339 

283 

275 

159 

206 

hedged 

hedged 

hedged 

hedged 

hedged 

Subtotal issued securities in HUF 

190,125 

204,242 

Total 

1,118,293 

1,163,109 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

316 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 20: 

LIABILITIES FROM ISSUED SECURITIES (in HUF mn) [continued] 

Issued securities denominated in HUF as at 31 December 2022 

Name 

Date of 
issuance 

Maturity 

Nominal 
value in HUF 
million 

Amortised 
cost in HUF 
million 

Interest conditions  Hedged 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

OTP_HUF_25/1 

11/18/2022 

11/18/2025 

OTP_HUF_26/1 

12/22/2022 

1/5/2026 

OTPRF2023A 

3/22/2013 

3/24/2023 

OTP_DK_25/3 

5/31/2021 

5/31/2025 

OTP_DK_23/II 

5/29/2020 

5/31/2023 

OTP_DK_24/3 

5/31/2021 

5/31/2024 

OTP_DK_27/3 

3/31/2022 

5/31/2027 

OTP_DK_27/II 

5/31/2021 

5/31/2027 

OTP_DK_23/I 

12/15/2018 

5/31/2023 

OTP_DK_26/II 

5/31/2021 

5/31/2026 

OTP_DK_26/3 

3/31/2022 

5/31/2026 

OTP_DK_28/I 

5/31/2021 

5/31/2028 

OTP_DK_24/II 

5/29/2020 

5/31/2024 

OTP_DK_25/II 

5/29/2020 

5/31/2025 

OTP_DK_24/I 

5/30/2019 

5/31/2024 

OTPX2023A 

3/22/2013 

3/24/2023 

OTP_DK_28/II 

3/31/2022 

5/31/2028 

OTP_DK_26/I 

5/29/2020 

5/31/2026 

OTP_DK_29/II 

3/31/2022 

5/31/2029 

OTP_DK_30/II 

3/31/2022 

5/31/2030 

OTP_DK_29/I 

5/31/2021 

5/31/2029 

OTPX2024B 

OTPX2024A 

OTPX2024C 

OTPX2023B 

10/10/2014 

10/16/2024 

6/18/2014 

6/21/2024 

12/15/2014 

12/20/2024 

6/28/2013 

6/26/2023 

OTP_DK_31/I 

3/31/2022 

5/31/2031 

OTP_DK_25/I 

5/30/2019 

5/31/2025 

OTP_DK_27/I 

5/29/2020 

5/31/2027 

OTP_DK_30/I 

5/31/2021 

5/31/2030 

OTP_DK_32/I 

3/31/2022 

5/31/2032 

Other 

25,562 

10,229 

1,010 

1,215 

997 

883 

1,092 

795 

717 

707 

783 

669 

592 

592 

426 

312 

554 

392 

554 

554 

403 

295 

241 

242 

198 

384 

104 

95 

104 

105 

211 

26,046 

10,270 

fix 

fix 

1,215 

indexed 

1,160 

discount 

15.00 

12.00 

1.70 

hedged 

discount 

discount 

discount 

discount 

discount 

discount 

discount 

discount 

discount 

discount 

discount 

indexed 

discount 

discount 

discount 

discount 

discount 

indexed 

indexed 

indexed 

indexed 

discount 

discount 

discount 

discount 

discount 

992 

862 

826 

719 

710 

658 

631 

586 

581 

572 

411 

410 

394 

372 

372 

350 

341 

378 

310 

309 

260 

228 

97 

88 

85 

59 

211 

hedged 

0.70 

1.30 

0.60 

0.60 

hedged 

hedged 

hedged 

hedged 

Subtotal issued securities in HUF 

51,017 

50,503 

Total 

493,553 

498,709 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

317 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 21: 

FINANCIAL LIABILITIES DESIGNATED AS FAIR VALUE THROUGH PROFIT 
OR LOSS (in HUF mn) 

Within one year: 
In HUF 

Over one year: 

In HUF 

Total 

Contractual amount outstanding 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

1,816 
1,816 

17,970 
17,970 

19,786 

17,747 

1,716 
1,716 

14,860 
14,860 

16,576 

19,853 

Interest rates on financial liabilities designated as fair value through profit or loss are as follows (%): 

Within one year: 
In HUF 

Over one year: 

In HUF 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

4.97%-9.97% 

2,19-3.96% 

4.83% 

0,01%-4.63% 

Average interest on amounts due to banks in HUF 

7.88% 

3.06% 

Certain MFB refinanced loan receivables are categorised as fair value through profit or loss based on SPPI test. 
Related refinancing loans at the liability side are categorised as fair value through profit or loss based on fair value 
option due to accounting mismatch as provided by the IFRS 9 standard. 

NOTE 22: 

HELD FOR TRADING DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL LIABILITIES (in HUF mn) 

Negative fair value of held for trading derivative financial liabilities by deal types: 

Interest rate swaps  
Foreign currency swaps  
CCIRS and mark-to-market CCIRS 
Other derivative contracts 
Total 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

72,200 
53,102 
9,161 
49,102 
183,565 

221,647 
87,988 
15,711 
48,055 
373,401 

NOTE 23: 

FAIR VALUE OF DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL LIABLITIES DESIGNATED AS 
HEDGE ACCOUNTING (in HUF mn) 

Fair value of derivative financial liabilities designated as hedge accounting is detailed as follows: 

IRS designated as fair value hedge 
CCIRS designated as fair value hedge 
IRS designated as cash flow hedge 
Total 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

7,875 
10,679 
8,869 
27,423 

22,551 
5,398 
22,674 
50,623 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

318 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 24: 

OTHER LIABILITIES1 AND PROVISIONS (in HUF mn) 

Other financial liabilities 
Liabilities from investment services 
Accrued expenses 
Accounts payable 
Liabilities due to short positions 
Liabilities from customer's credit card payments 
Other 
Other financial liabilities total 

Other non-financial liabilities 
Technical accounts 
Current income tax payable 
Social contribution 
Accrued expenses 
Other 
Other non-financial liabilities total 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

50,321 
27,673 
33,508 
19,107 
84,184 
28,526 
243,319 

25,321 
13,770 
8,475 
2,940 
1,574 
52,080 

108,284 
21,183 
27,127 
24,596 
52,274 
25,007 
258,471 

32,338 
12,371 
5,275 
2,829 
1,904 
54,717 

Other liabilities total 

295,399 

313,188 

The provision on other liabilities, off-balance sheet commitments and contingent liabilities are detailed as follows: 

Provision for losses on other off-balance sheet commitments and 
contingent liabilities 
Provisions in accordance with IFRS 9 
Provision for litigation 
Provision for retirement pension and severance pay 
Provision on other liabilities 
Provisions in accordance with IAS 37 
Total  

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

16,092 
16,092 
1,931 
2,000 
2,474 
6,405 
22,497 

23,632 
23,632 
1,917 
1,527 
2,580 
6,024 
29,656 

Movements in the provision for losses on commitments and contingent liabilities in accordance with IFRS 9 can 
be summarized as follows: 

Opening balance 
Provision for the period 
Release of provision for the period 
Use of provision 
FX revaluation 
Closing balance 

31 December 
2023 
23,632 
62,662 
(50,882) 
(18,952) 
(368) 
16,092 

31 December 
2022 
17,768 
49,698 
(28,772) 
(15,385) 
323 
23,632 

Movements in the provision for losses on commitments and contingent liabilities in accordance with IAS 37 can 
be summarized as follows: 

Opening balance 
Provision for the period 
Release of provision 
Use of provision 
FX revaluation 
Closing balance 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

6,024 
11,563 
(8,633) 
(2,420) 
(129) 
6,405 

3,759 
8,128 

(933) 
(5,138) 
208 
6,024 

1 Other liabilities are expected to be recovered or settled no more than twelve months after the reporting period.  

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

319 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 25: 

SUBORDINATED BONDS AND LOANS (in HUF mn) 

Within one year 

   In HUF 
   In foreign currency 

Over one year: 
   In HUF 
   In foreign currency 

Total 

Interest rates on subordinated bonds and loans are as follows (%): 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

1,886 
6,174 
8,060 

11,133 
501,103 
512,236 

520,296 

- 
3,395 
3,395 

- 
290,791 
290,791 

294,186 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

Subordinated bonds and loans denominated in foreign currency 

2.9%-8.8% 

2.9%-4.7% 

Average interest on subordinated bonds and loans denominated in 

HUF 

Average interest on subordinated bonds and loans denominated in 

foreign currency 

5.51% 

6.04% 

- 

3.06% 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

320 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 25: 

SUBORDINATED BONDS AND LOANS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

Subordinated loans and bonds are detailed as follows as at 31 December 2023: 

Type 

Name 

Date of 
issuance 

Date of 
maturity 

Issue 
price 

Currency 

Nominal 
value in FX 
million 

Nominal 
value in 
HUF 
million 

Amortised 
cost in Fx 
million 

Amortised 
cost in 
HUF 
million 

Subordinated bond 

XS0274147296 

07/11/2006  Perpetual 

99.38% 

EUR 

231 

88,409 

234 

89,381 

Subordinated bond 

XS2022388586 

15/07/2019  15/07/2029  99.74% 

EUR 

Subordinated bond 

XS2586007036 

15/02/2023  15/05/2033  99.42% 

Discount bond 
Discount bond 
Discount bond 
Discount bond 
Discount bond 
Discount bond 
Discount bond 
Discount bond 
Discount bond 
Discount bond 
Discount bond 
Discount bond 
Discount bond 
Discount bond 
Discount bond 
Discount bond 
Discount bond 
Discount bond 
Discount bond 
Discount bond 
Discount bond 
Discount bond 
Discount bond 
Discount bond 
Discount bond 
Discount bond 
Total 

HU0000358924 
HU0000359724 
HU0000360508 
HU0000358932 
HU0000359732 
HU0000360516 
HU0000359740 
HU0000360524 
HU0000361597 
HU0000359757 
HU0000360532 
HU0000361605 
HU0000360540 
HU0000361613 
HU0000362553 
HU0000360557 
HU0000361621 
HU0000362561 
HU0000360565 
HU0000361639 
HU0000362579 
HU0000361647 
HU0000362587 
HU0000361654 
HU0000362595 
HU0000362603 

30/05/2019  31/05/2024  87.85% 
29/05/2020  31/05/2024  94.79% 
31/05/2021  31/05/2024  95.12% 
30/05/2019  31/05/2025  83.86% 
29/05/2020  31/05/2025  92.99% 
31/05/2021  31/05/2025  92.54% 
29/05/2020  31/05/2026  91.10% 
31/05/2021  31/05/2026  90.02% 
31/03/2022  31/05/2026  76.86% 
29/05/2020  31/05/2027  89.05% 
31/05/2021  31/05/2027  87.27% 
31/03/2022  31/05/2027  72.13% 
31/05/2021  31/05/2028  84.31% 
31/03/2022  31/05/2028  67.89% 
01/06/2023  31/05/2028  66.68% 
31/05/2021  31/05/2029  81.23% 
31/03/2022  31/05/2029  64.03% 
01/06/2023  31/05/2029  63.21% 
31/05/2021  31/05/2030  78.09% 
31/03/2022  31/05/2030  60.38% 
01/06/2023  31/05/2030  60.08% 
31/03/2022  31/05/2031  56.88% 
01/06/2023  31/05/2031  56.64% 
31/03/2022  31/05/2032  53.52% 
01/06/2023  31/05/2032  52.82% 
01/06/2023  31/05/2033  49.02% 

USD 

HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 
HUF 

497 

650 

426 
592 
883 
104 
592 
1,216 
392 
707 
783 
95 
795 
1,092 
669 
554 
1,959 
403 
554 
684 
104 
554 
719 
384 
762 
105 
817 
282 

190,399 

225,104 

426 
592 
883 
104 
592 
1,216 
392 
707 
783 
95 
795 
1,092 
669 
554 
1,959 
403 
554 
684 
104 
554 
719 
384 
762 
105 
817 
282 
520,139 

501 

653 

421 
589 
876 
100 
580 
1,183 
378 
672 
672 
90 
735 
879 
601 
420 
1,369 
350 
396 
452 
87 
373 
451 
243 
450 
62 
450 
144 

191,894 

226,001 

421 
589 
876 
100 
580 
1,180 
378 
672 
672 
90 
735 
879 
601 
420 
1,369 
350 
396 
452 
87 
373 
451 
243 
450 
62 
450 
144 
520,296 

Interest conditions 

Current 
interest rate 

Three-month EURIBOR + 
3%, variable (payable 
quarterly) 
Fixed 2.875% (payable 
annual) 
Fixed 8.75% (payable 
annual) 

6.966% 

2.875% 

8.750% 

N.a. 
N.a. 
N.a. 
N.a. 
N.a. 
N.a. 
N.a. 
N.a. 
N.a. 
N.a. 
N.a. 
N.a. 
N.a. 
N.a. 
N.a. 
N.a. 
N.a. 
N.a. 
N.a. 
N.a. 
N.a. 
N.a. 
N.a. 
N.a. 
N.a. 
N.a. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

321 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 26: 

SHARE CAPITAL (in HUF mn) 

Authorized, issued and fully paid: 
Ordinary shares  

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

28,000 

28,000 

The nominal value of the shares is HUF 100 per shares. All of the shares are ordinary shares representing the same 
rights to the shareholders. Furthermore there are no restrictions on the distribution of dividends and the repayment 
of capital. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

322 

 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 27: 

RETAINED EARNINGS AND RESERVES (in HUF mn) 

Based on the instructions of Act C of 2000 on accounting (“Act on Accounting”) financial statements of the Bank 
are prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB as adopted by the EU. 

In 2023 dividend of HUF 84,000 million was paid out from the profit of the year 2022, which meant HUF 300 
dividend  per  share  payable  to  the  shareholders.  In  2024  dividend  of  HUF  150,000  million  are  expected  to  be 
proposed  by  the  Management  from  the  profit  of  the  year  2023,  which  means  HUF  535.71  dividend  per  share 
payable to the shareholders. 

Based on paragraph 114/B of Act on Accounting Equity Correlation Table is prepared and disclosed as a part of 
the explanatory notes for the reporting date by the Bank.  

Equity correlation table shall contain the opening and closing balances of the shareholder’s equity in accordance 
with IFRS,  furthermore deducted from this the opening and closing balances of the specified equity elements. 
Equity correlation table shall contain also untied retained earnings available for the payment of dividends, covering 
retained earnings from the last financial year for which accounts have been adopted comprising net profit for the 
period of that financial year minus cumulative unrealized gains claimed in connection with any increase in the fair 
value of investment properties, as provided in IAS 40 - Investment Property, reduced by the cumulative income 
tax accounted for under IAS 12 - Income Taxes. 

Share capital 

Share capital is the portion of the Bank’s equity that has been obtained by the issue of shares in the corporation to 
a shareholder, usually for cash. 

Share-based payment reserve 

Share-based payment reserve represents the increase in the equity due to the goods or services were received by 
the Bank in an equity-settled share-based payment transaction, valued at the fair value of the goods or services 
received. 

Retained earnings 

Profit of previous years generated by the Bank that are not distributed to shareholders as dividends. 

Put option reserve 

OTP Bank Plc. and MOL Plc. entered into a share swap agreement in 16 April 2009, whereby OTP has changed 
24,000,000 OTP ordinary shares for 5,010,501 „A series” MOL shares. The amended final maturity of the share 
swap agreement is 11 July 2027, until which any party can initiate cash or physical settlement of the transaction. 
Put option reserve represents the written put option over OTP ordinary shares were accounted as a deduction from 
equity at the date of OTP-MOL share swap transaction. 

Other comprehensive income 

Other comprehensive income comprises items of income and expense (including reclassification adjustments) that 
are not recognised in profit or loss as required or permitted by other IFRSs. 

General reserve 

The  Bank shall place ten per cent of the after-tax profit of the year into general reserve prescribed by the  Act 
CCXXXVII of 2013 on Credit Institutions and Financial Enterprises. The Bank is allowed to use general reserves 
only to cover operating losses arising from their activities. 

Tied-up reserve 

The tied-up reserve shall consist of sums tied up from the capital reserve and from the retained earnings. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

323 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 27: 

RETAINED EARNINGS AND RESERVES (in HUF mn) [continued] 

The equity correlation table of the Bank based on paragraph 114/B of Act on Accounting as at 31 December 2023: 

31 December 
2023 
Closing balance 

Share Capital 

Capital 
reserve 

Share-based 
payment 
reserve 

Retained 
earnings and 
reserves 

Option 
reserve 

Treasury 
Shares 

Revaluation 
reserve 

Tied-up 
reserve 

Net profit for 
the year 

Total 

Components 

of 

Shareholder
’s  equity  in 
accordance 
with IFRS 

Other 

comprehensi
ve income 
Option reserve 
Treasury shares 
Share 

based 

payments 
Net  profit  for  the 

year 

reserve 
tied-up 

General 
and 
reserve 
Components 

of 

Shareholder
’s  equity  in 
accordance 
with 
paragraph 
114/B  of  Act 
on 
Accounting 

28,000 

52 

52,402 

2,279,773 

(55,468) 

(6,154) 

- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(55,468) 
(6,154) 

- 

- 
- 

52,402 

(52,402) 

- 

- 

- 

- 

9,148 

- 

- 

(9,148) 

- 
- 

- 

(654,988) 

(192,937) 

55,468 
- 

- 
6,154 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

654,988 

192,937 

- 

2,298,605 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 

- 

28,000 

(9,168) 

- 

1,440,996 

- 

- 

(9,148) 

192,937 

654,988 

2,298,605 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

324 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 27: 

RETAINED EARNINGS AND RESERVES (in HUF mn) [continued] 

The equity correlation table of the Bank based on paragraph 114/B of Act on Accounting as at 1 January 2023: 
1 January 2023 
Opening 
balance 

Treasury 
Shares 

Capital 
reserve 

Option reserve 

Share Capital 

Share-based 
payment 
reserve 

Retained 
earnings and 
reserves 

Revaluation 
reserve 

28,000 

52 

49,110 

1,661,907 

(55,468) 

(2,724) 

- 

52,933 

- 

- 

(52,933) 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(55,468) 
(2,724) 

- 

- 
- 

49,110 

(49,110) 

- 
- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(6,632) 

(118,568) 

55,468 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
2,724 

- 

- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 

- 

Tied-up 
reserve 

Net profit for 
the year 

Total 

- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

6,632 

118,568 

- 

1,680,877 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 

- 

Components  of 
Shareholder’
s  equity 
in 
accordance 
with IFRS 

Other 

comprehensiv
e income 
Option reserve 
Treasury shares 
Share 

based 

payments 
Net profit for the 

year 

General reserve 
Components  of 
Shareholder’
s  equity 
in 
accordance 
with 
paragraph 
114/B  of  Act 
on 
Accounting 

28,000 

(9,030) 

- 

1,589,640 

- 

- 

(52,933) 

118,568 

6,632 

1,680,877 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

325 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 27: 

RETAINED EARNINGS AND RESERVES (in HUF mn) [continued] 

Calculated untied retained earnings in accordance with paragraph 114/B of Act on Accounting 

Retained earnings 
Net profit for the year 

Untied retained earnings 

Items of retained earnings and other reserves 

Retained earnings 
Capital reserve 
Option reserve 
Other reserves 
Fair value of financial instruments measured at fair value through 
other comprehensive income 
Share-based payment reserve 
Fair value of derivative financial instruments designated as cash-
flow hedge 
Net profit for the period 
Retained earnings and other reserves 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

1,440,996 
654,988 

1,580,770 
6,632 

2,095,984 

1,587,402 

31 December 
2023 
1,440,996 
52 
(55,468) 
192,937 

31 December 
2022 
1,580,770 
52 
(55,468) 
127,438 

(5,639) 
52,402 

(3,509) 
654,988 
2,276,759 

(43,723) 
49,110 

(9,210) 
6,632 
1,655,601 

Fair value adjustment of securities at fair value through other comprehensive income 

Balance as at 1 January 
Change of fair value correction 
Deferred tax related to change of fair value correction 
Closing balance 

31 December 
2023 
(82,906) 
46,485 
(3,841) 
(40,262) 

31 December 
2022 

145 
(88,350) 
5,299 
(82,906) 

Expected credit loss on securities at fair value through other comprehensive income 

Balance as at 1 January 
Increase of loss allowance 
Release of loss allowance 
Fx movement 
Closing balance 

31 December 
2023 
29,161 
3,401 
(6,704) 
(1,513) 
24,345 

31 December 
2022 

1,174 
33,946 
(8,331) 
2,372 
29,161 

Fair value changes of equity instruments as at fair value through other comprehensive income 

Balance as at 1 January 
Change of fair value correction 
Deferred tax related to change of fair value correction 
Transfer to retained earnings 
Closing balance 

31 December 
2023 
10,022 
3,307 
(374) 
(2,677) 
10,278 

31 December 
2022 

7,327 
3,631 
(936) 
- 
10,022 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

326 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 28: 

TREASURY SHARES (in HUF mn) 

Nominal value (ordinary shares) 
Carrying value at acquisition cost 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

57 
6,154 

35 
2,724 

The  changes  in  the  carrying  value  of  treasury  shares  are  due  to  repurchase  and  sale  transactions  on  market 
authorised by the General Assembly. 

Change in number of shares: 

Number of shares as at 1 January 
Additions 
Disposals 
Number of shares at the end of the period 

Change in carrying value: 

Balance as at 1 January 
Additions 
Disposals 
Closing Balance 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

352,344 
3,948,338 
(3,729,436) 
571,246 

3,249,984 
1,801,256 
(4,698,896) 
352,344 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

2,724 
39,818 
(36,388) 
6,154 

58,872 
16,268 
(72,416) 
2,724 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

Face value of treasury shares held by OTP Group members 

1,210 

1,097 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

327 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 29: 

INTEREST INCOME AND EXPENSES (in HUF mn) 

Interest income accounted for using the effective interest rate 

method from / on 
Loans at amortised cost 
FVOCI securities 
Securities at amortised cost 
Placements with other banks 
Financial liabilities 
Amounts due from banks and balances with National Bank of 

Hungary 
Repo receivables 
Subtotal 

Income similar to interest income 
Loans mandatorily measured at fair value through profit or loss 
Swap and forward deals related to Placements with other banks 
Swap and forward deals related to Loans at amortised cost 
Swap and forward deals related to FVOCI securities 
Investment properties 
Subtotal 

Year ended 31 
December 2023 

Year ended 31 
December 2022 

457,472 
50,838 
129,054 
206,280 
398 

345,696 
37,435 
1,227,173 

51,132 
600,959 
125,151 
18,655 
9 
795,906 

297,727 
39,988 
92,948 
204,479 
20,098 

56,204 
10,235 
721,679 

35,927 
273,322 
60,744 
7,230 
8 
377,231 

Interest income total 

2,023,079 

1,098,910 

Interest expense due to / from / on 
Amounts due to banks and deposits from the National Bank of 

Hungary and other banks  

Deposits from customers 
Leasing liabilities 
Liabilities from issued securities 
Subordinated bonds and loans 
Investment properties (depreciation) 
Financial assets 
Repo liabilities 
Swap transaction related to acquisitions 
Interest expense total 

641,908 
608,340 
2,314 
64,774 
29,893 
138 
6,857 
202,137 
- 

1,556,361 

408,865 
301,657 
1,186 
7,742 
8,646 
135 
6,369 
66,049 
1,371 
802,020 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

328 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 30: 

RISK COST (in HUF mn) 

Loss allowance of loans at amortised cost 
Loss allowance 
Release of loss allowance 

Loss allowance of sight deposits and placements with other 
banks 
Loss allowance 
Release of loss allowance 

Loss allowance of placements with other banks 
Loss allowance 
Release of loss allowance 

Loss allowance of FVOCI debt instruments 
Loss allowance 
Release of loss allowance 

Loss allowance of securities at amortised cost 
Loss allowance 
Release of loss allowance 

Provision on loan commitments and financial guarantees 
Provision for the period 
Release of provision 

Year ended 31 
December 2023 

Year ended 31 
December 2022 

249,194 
(243,652) 
5,542 

245,183 
(211,345) 
33,838 

11,767 
(24,125) 
(12,358) 

11,755 
(13,555) 
(1,800) 

3,401 
(6,704) 
(3,303) 

2,287 
(10,863) 
(8,576) 

62,662 
(69,834) 
(7,172) 

32,592 
(20,838) 
11,754 

4,480 
(2,385) 
2,095 

33,946 
(8,331) 
25,615 

31,695 
(4,072) 
27,623 

49,698 
(44,157) 
5,541 

Change in the fair value attributable to changes in the credit risk 
of loans mandatorily measured at fair value through profit of 
loss  

Risk cost total 

980 

(11,872) 

(26,687) 

94,594 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

329 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 31: 

NET PROFIT FROM FEES AND COMMISSIONS (in HUF mn) 

Income from fees and commissions: 

Fees and commissions related to lending 

Deposit and account maintenance fees and commissions 
Fees and commission related to the issued bank cards 
Fees and commissions related to security trading 
Fx margin 
Fees and commissions paid by OTP Mortgage Bank Ltd. 
Net insurance fee income 
Other 
Fees and commissions from contracts with customers 

Total Income from fees and commissions: 

Contract balances 

Year ended 31 
December 2023 

Year ended 31 
December 2022 

12,040 

162,872 
137,162 
33,899 
21,828 
8,379 
13,558 
13,147 
390,845 

402,885 

12,711 

146,817 
122,138 
27,867 
26,032 
8,819 
10,981 
7,079 
349,733 

362,444 

Year ended 31 
December 2023 

Year ended 31 
December 2022 

Receivables, which are included in ‘other assets’ 
Loss allowance 

24,012 
(616) 

15,674 
(512) 

Fee and commission expense 

Other fees and commissions related to issued bank cards 
Insurance fees 
Fees and commissions related to lending 
Fees and commissions related to security trading 
Fees and commissions relating to deposits 
Trust activities related to securities 
Postal fees 
Money market transaction fees and commissions 
Other 
Total 

Year ended 31 
December 2023 

Year ended 31 
December 2022 

63,941 
715 
5,320 
2,497 
2,850 
2,324 
223 
205 
680 
78,755 

53,179 
783 
5,267 
789 
2,417 
2,096 
223 
166 
1,167 
66,087 

Net profit from fees and commissions 

324,130 

296,357 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

330 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 32: 

GAINS AND LOSSES BY TRANSACTIONS (in HUF mn) 

Losses arising from derecognition of financial assets 

measured at amortised cost 

Gain from loans 
Loss from loans 
Gain from securities 
Loss from securities 
Other 
Total 

Additional information to Gains or losses from operating income: 

Foreign exchange (losses) and gains  
Gains from foreign exchange 
Loss from foreign exchange 
Margin gains 
Margin losses 
Total 

Net results on derivative instruments and hedge relationships 
Gains on FX spot, swap and option deals 
Losses from FX spot, swap and option deals 
Fees received related to option deals 
Fees paid related to option deals 
Gains on commodity deals 
Losses from commodity deals 
Gains on futures transactions 
Losses from futures transactions 
Losses from credit valuation adjustment related to FX spot, swap 

and option deals held for trading 

Losses from credit valuation adjustment related to commodity 

deals held for trading 

Total 

Gains / (losses) on financial instruments at fair value through 

profit or loss 

Gains on securities mandatorily measured at fair value through 

profit or loss 

Gains on loans mandatorily measured at fair value through profit 

or loss 

Losses on loans mandatorily measured at fair value through 

profit or loss 

Gains on financial liabilities designated at fair value through 

profit or loss 

Losses on financial liabilities designated at fair value through 

profit or loss 

Total 

Year ended 31 
December 2023 

Year ended 31 
December 2022 

2,760 
(2,716) 
152 
(19,552) 
(351) 
(19,707) 

485 
(1,881) 
- 
(54,402) 
(397) 
(56,195) 

Year ended 31 
December 2023 

Year ended 31 
December 2022 

- 
(6,116) 
8,157 
(14,310) 
(12,269) 

6,857 
- 
8,400 
(14,716) 
541 

Year ended 31 
December 2023 

Year ended 31 
December 2022 

59,675 
(52,428) 
6,569 
(6,554) 
87,062 
(83,504) 
212 
(230) 

2,232 

21 
13,055 

76,709 
(67,882) 
4,111 
(5,073) 
134,949 
(132,288) 
687 
(402) 

(1,059) 

165 
9,917 

Year ended 31 
December 2023 

Year ended 31 
December 2022 

2,570 

100,436 

(7,196) 

766 

(5,308) 
91,268 

2,688 

21,205 

(44,614) 

4,509 

(2,578) 
(18,790) 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

331 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 32: 

GAINS AND LOSSES BY TRANSACTIONS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

Additional information to Gains or losses from operating income: [continued] 

Gains and (losses)  on securities, net 
Interest income from held for trading securities 
Gains on held for trading securities 
Losses on held for trading securities 
Gains on FVOCI securities 
Losses on FVOCI securities 
Gains on derecognition of investments in subsidiaries 
Losses on derecognition of investments in subsidiaries 
Gains/losses from other securities 
Total 

Dividend income 
Distribution from investments in subsidiaries 
Distribution from held for trading securities 
Distribution from FVOCI equity instruments 
Total 

Year ended 31 
December 2023 

Year ended 31 
December 2022 

1,168 
14,529 
(6,588) 
999 
(489) 
1,322 
- 
(3,868) 
7,073 

3,556 
11,599 
(7,806) 
8 
(7,960) 
- 
- 
(10,002) 
(10,605) 

Year ended 31 
December 2023 

Year ended 31 
December 2022 

261,222 
14,229 
254 
275,705 

182,153 
12,166 
207 
194,526 

Total gains and losses from operating income (without other 

operating income) 

374,832 

175,589 

For the year ended 31 December 2023 gains and losses attributable to the hedged risk on the hedged item and on 
the hedging instruments and also ineffectiveness in case of fair value hedge on amortised cost line items as follows 

Hedged items 

Hedging 
instrument 

Hedge ineffectiveness 

Fair value hedge 

(15,433) 

2,855 

(12,578) 

For the year ended 31 December 2022 gains and losses attributable to the hedged risk on the hedged item and on 
the hedging instruments and also ineffectiveness in case of fair value hedge on amortised cost line items as follows 

Hedged items 

Hedging 
instrument 

Hedge ineffectiveness 

Fair value hedge 

6,750 

(9,352) 

2,602 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

332 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 33: 

OTHER OPERATING INCOME AND EXPENSES AND OTHER ADMINISTRATIVE 
EXPENSES (in HUF mn) 

Other operating income 

Year ended 31 
December 2023 

Year ended 31 
December 2022 

Repayment of extraordinary payments made to NDIF in previous 

years 

Other  operating  income  from  OTP  Employee  Stock  Ownership 

Program (OTP ESOP) 
Intermediary and other services 
Income from lease of tangible assets 
Gains on IT services provided to subsidiaries 
Derecognition of financial liabilities at amortised cost 
Non-repayable assets received 
Gains on sale of tangible assets 
Income from written off receivables 
Gains on transactions related to property activities 
Gains on sale of receivables 
Other  
Total 

10,738 

4,739 
2,547 
1,223 
1,155 
716 
423 
1,225 
257 
113 
- 
3,048 
26,184 

- 

4,429 
2,716 
1,186 
1,021 
985 
443 
267 
249 
237 
- 
2,242 
13,775 

Other operating expenses 

Year ended 31 
December 2023 

Year ended 31 
December 2022 

Release  of  loss  allowance/(Loss  allowance)  on  investments  in 

subsidiaries 

Release  of  provision  for  off-balance  sheet  commitments  and 

contingent liabilities 

Non-repayable assets contributed 
Release of loss allowance on other assets 
Financial support for sport association and organization of public 

utility 

Other 
Total 

Other administrative expenses: 

Personnel expenses: 
Wages 
Taxes related to personnel expenses 
Other personnel expenses 
Subtotal 

Depreciation and amortization 

Other administrative expenses: 
Taxes, other than income tax 
Services 
Fees payable to authorities and other fees 
Administration expenses, including rental fees 
Professional fees 
Advertising 
Subtotal 

Total 

87,609 

(471) 
(1,056) 
(3,576) 

(11,893) 
(7,023) 
63,590 

(93,513) 

(2,057) 
(1,397) 
(2,939) 

(16,344) 
(15,692) 
(131,942) 

Year ended 31 
December 2023 

Year ended 31 
December 2022 

141,650 
20,172 
33,582 
195,404 

50,814 

139,629 
86,272 
25,384 
7,813 
11,382 
11,438 
281,918 

528,136 

110,646 
16,460 
27,197 
154,303 

46,738 

167,834 
74,383 
21,674 
7,477 
9,320 
10,301 
290,989 

492,030 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

333 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 34: 

INCOME TAX (in HUF mn) 

The Bank is presently liable for income tax at a rate of 9% of taxable income, local taxes at a rate of  2.3% of 
taxable revenue. 

A breakdown of the income tax expense is: 

Current tax expense 
Deferred tax (benefit)/expense 
Total 

A reconciliation of the deferred tax liability is as follows: 

Balance as at 1 January 
Deferred tax (expense)/ benefit 
Tax effect of fair value adjustment of FVOCI securities and 
ICES recognised in comprehensive income 
Closing balance 

A breakdown of the deferred tax liability is as follows: 

Provision for untaken leave 
Provision for termination benefits and jubilee 
Amounts relate to negative tax base 
Unused tax allowance 
Fair value adjustment of held for trading and securities at fair 
value through other comprehensive income 
Deferred tax asset 

Fair value adjustment of held for trading and securities at fair 
value through other comprehensive income 
Difference in depreciation and amortization 
Provision for developments 
Deferred tax liabilities 

Net deferred tax assets/(liabilities) 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

39,174 
31,119 
70,293 

18,026 
(31,664) 
(13,638) 

31 December  
2023 

31 December 
 2022 

35,742 
(31,119) 

(4,215) 
408 

(1,507) 
31,664 

5,585 
35,742 

31 December  
2023 

31 December  
2022 

399 
1,325 
- 
- 

- 
1,724 

(55) 
(1,261) 
- 
(1,316) 

408 

323 
900 
19,424 
12,103 

4,230 
36,980 

- 
(1,193) 
(45) 
(1,238) 

35,742 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

334 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 34: 

INCOME TAX (in HUF mn) [continued] 

A reconciliation of the income tax (income) / expense is as follows: 

Profit before income tax 
Income tax at statutory tax rate (9%) 

Income  tax  adjustments  due  to  permanent  differences  are  as 
follows: 

Share-based payment 
Deferred use of tax allowance 
Dividend income 
Use of tax allowance in the current year 
Amounts unenforceable by tax law 
Change due to accounting policy (Visa) 
Carryforward of unused tax losses 
Deferred tax asset due to unused tax allowance 
Correction due to local taxes classified as income taxes 
Local taxes 
Other 
Income tax 

Effective tax rate 

Current tax assets 
Current tax liabilities 
Net tax liabilities  

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

725,281 
65,275 

(7,006) 
- 

296 
69 
(24,449) 
777 
23 
1,068 
- 
- 
7,196 
21,545 
(1,507) 
70,293 

265 
43 
(17,298) 
- 
(182) 
- 
(1,234) 
(12,102) 
- 
16,793 
77 
(13,638) 

9.7% 

194.7% 

31 December  
2023 

31 December  
2022 

- 
(14,393) 
(14,393) 

1,569 
(3,199) 
(1,630) 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

335 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 34: 

INCOME TAX (in HUF mn) [continued] 

Global minimum tax 

The global minimum tax legislation has been enacted, or substantively enacted, in certain jurisdictions the OTP 
Group operates,  mainly in the EU Member States. OTP Group is in scope of the enacted global minimum tax 
legislation. The legislation will be effective for the Group’s financial year beginning 1 January 2024 and introduces 
a minimum rate of effective taxation of 15%. The global minimum tax legislation has been adopted in Hungary in 
Act No. LXXXIV of 2023 on the top-up taxes ensuring a global minimum level of taxation and the amendment of 
related acts.  

From  an  accounting  perspective,  it  is  unclear  if  the  global  minimum  tax  rules  create  additional  temporary 
differences, whether to remeasure deferred taxes for the global minimum tax rules and which tax rate to use to 
measure deferred taxes. In response to this uncertainty, IAS 12 ‘Income taxes’ has been amended to introduce a 
mandatory  temporary  exception  to  the  requirements  of  IAS  12.  Under  the  mandatory  temporary  exception,  a 
company does not recognize or disclose information about deferred tax assets and liabilities related to the global 
minimum tax rules. The Bank applied the temporary exception for the year ended 31 December 2023.  
The  Bank  has  performed  an  assessment  of  the  Group’s  potential  exposure  to  top-up  taxes  under  the  global 
minimum tax rules.  

The  assessment  of  the  potential  exposure  to  top-up  taxes  is  based  on  the  most  recent  information  available 
regarding the financial performance of the group entities in the OTP Group. Based on the assessment, the Group 
has identified potential exposure to top-up taxes in respect of profits earned in Bulgaria, Hungary, Moldova and 
Serbia. The potential exposure comes from the constituent entities in these jurisdictions where the expected global 
minimum  tax  effective  tax  rate  may  be  below  15%  based  on  the  currently  available  information.  The  global 
minimum tax effective tax rate may be lower in these jurisdictions generally due to the low nominal domestic tax 
rate. As for Hungary, it is difficult to reasonably estimate the global minimum tax effective tax for the following 
reasons. In Hungary, the most relevant taxes determining the global minimum tax effective tax rate are corporate 
income tax, local business tax and innovation contribution. Local business tax and innovation contribution (with 
a  combined  statutory  rate  of 2.3%)  apply  to  profit  categories  significantly  different  from  those  considered  for 
corporate  income  tax  purposes  (statutory  rate  of  9%).  Therefore,  the  taxable  income  for  corporate  income  tax 
purposes is significantly different and usually significantly lower than the taxable income for local business tax 
and innovation contribution purposes. The proportion of the different profit categories considered for corporate 
income tax and local business tax and innovation contribution purposes, respectively, in the total profit may vary 
year by year to a great extent raising difficulties with respect to the estimation of the global minimum tax effective 
tax rate with a reasonable certainty. The variation of the proportion of the various profit categories in the total 
profits may result in the global minimum tax effective tax rate being above 15% in one year and slightly below 
15% in another. Furthermore, profits not subject to taxation can also impact on the global minimum tax effective 
tax rate.  

Had the global minimum tax legislation been effective for the current year, the estimated global minimum tax 
income taxes would be approximately HUF 11,100 million in respect of Bulgaria, HUF 2,000 million in respect 
of  Hungary,  HUF  450  million  in respect  of  Moldova  and HUF  300  million  in  respect  of  Serbia. In  respect  of 
Hungary, the one-off income from the changes in the fair value of the OTP Bank Plc shares held by the Employee 
Stock Ownership Program was excluded from the global minimum tax calculation. 

Based  on  the  current  status  of  the  enactment  of  global  minimum  tax  legislation,  if  top-up  taxes  arose  in  the 
jurisdictions potentially exposed to top-up taxes (Bulgaria, Hungary, Moldova and Serbia), OTP Bank Plc., being 
an ultimate parent entity, would be obliged to pay top-up taxes in respect of Moldova and Serbia. Any top-up taxes 
arising in respect of Bulgaria would be payable by the local entities in Bulgaria. As for Hungary, the Hungarian 
global minimum tax legislation provides for various options as to who is obliged to pay the Hungarian top-up (i.e., 
the Hungarian Group entities based on certain allocation ratios or OTP Bank Plc.). OTP group plans to choose the 
option where OTP Bank Plc pays the Hungarian top-up tax (if any). This decision may be revisited every year per 
the Hungarian global minimum legislation.

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

336 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 35: 

LEASE (in HUF mn) 

The Bank as a lessee: 

Amounts recognised in profit and loss 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

Interest expense on lease liabilities 
Expense relating to short-term leases 
Expense  relating  to  variable  lease  payments  not  included  in  the 
measurement of lease liabilities 

2,314 
2,065 

1,662 

1,186 
1,945 

1,386 

Leasing liabilities by maturities: 

Within one year 
Over one year 
Total 

31 December  
2023 

31 December  
2022 

7,595 
60,687 
68,282 

5,944 
35,520 
41,464 

An analysis of movement in the carrying amount of right-of-use assets by category is as follows: 

Gross carrying amount 
Balance as at 1 January 2022 
Additions due to new contracts 
Derecognition due to matured contracts 
Change due to revaluation and modification 
Balance as at 31 December 2022 
Additions due to new contracts 
Derecognition due to matured contracts 
Change due to revaluation and modification 
Balance as at 31 December 2023 

Depreciation 
Balance as at 1 January 2022 
Depreciation charge 
Derecognition due to matured contracts 
Balance as at 31 December 2022 
Depreciation charge 
Derecognition due to matured contracts 
Balance as at 31 December 2023 

Net carrying amount 
Balance as at 31 December 2022 
Balance as at 31 December 2023 

Right-of-use of 
real estate 
31,081 
27,206 
(3,731) 
2,806 
57,362 
26,426 
(7,957) 
4,293 
80,124 

13,869 
7,315 
(1,804) 
19,380 
7,991 
(7,943) 
19,428 

37,982 
60,696 

Right-of-use 
of machinery 
and 
equipment 

Total 

37 
1,950 
- 
- 
1,987 
3,012 
(218) 
1,749 
6,530 

18 
69 
- 
87 
936 
(19) 
1,004 

1,900 
5,526 

31,118 
29,156 
(3,731) 
2,806 
59,349 
29,438 
(8,175) 
6,042 
86,654 

13,887 
7,384 
(1,804) 
19,467 
8,927 
(7,962) 
20,432 

39,882 
66,222 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

337 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 36: 

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) 

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or 
equity instrument of another entity. 

Financial instruments may result in certain risks to the Bank. The most significant risks the Bank faces include: 

Credit risk 

36.1. 
The Bank takes on exposure to credit risk which is the risk that a counter-party will be unable to pay amounts in 
full when due. The Bank structures the levels of credit risk it undertakes by placing limits on the amount of risk 
accepted in relation to one borrower, or banks of borrowers, and to geographical areas and loan types. Such risks 
are monitored on a periodical basis and subject to an annual or more frequent review. The exposure to any borrower 
including banks and brokers is further restricted by sublimit covering on- and off-balance sheet exposures and 
daily delivery risk limits in relation to trading items such as forward foreign exchange contracts. Actual exposures 
against limits are monitored daily.  

Exposure to credit risk is managed through regular analysis of the ability of borrowers and potential borrowers to 
meet interest and capital repayment obligations and by changing these lending limits when appropriate. Exposure 
to credit risk is partly managed obtaining collateral, corporate and personal guarantees. 

36.1.1.  Financial instruments by stages 

Defining the expected credit loss on individual and collective basis 

On individual basis: 

Individually assessed are the non-retail or micro- and small enterprise exposure of significant amount on a stand-
alone basis: 
• 
• 
• 

exposure in stage 3, 
exposure in workout management 
purchased  or  originated  credit-impaired  instruments  which  are  in  accordance  with  the  conditions 
mentioned above 

The  calculation  of  impairment  must  be  prepared  and  approved  by  the  risk  management  functional  areas.  The 
calculation, all relevant factors (amortised cost, original and current EIR, contracted and expected cash flows (from 
business and/or collateral) for the individual periods of the entire lifecycle, other essential information enforced 
during the valuation) and the criteria thereof (including the factors underlying the classification as stage 3) must 
be documented individually. 

The expected credit loss of the exposure equals the difference of the receivable's AC (gross book  value) on the 
valuation date and the present value of the receivable's expected cash flows discounted to the valuation date by the 
exposure's original effective interest rate (EIR) (calculated at the initial recognition, or in the case of variable rate, 
recalculated  due  to  the  last  interest  rate  change).  The  estimation  of  the  expected  future  cash  flows  should  be 
forward looking, it must also contain the effects of the possible change of macroeconomic outlook. 
At least two scenarios must be used for the estimation of the expected cash flow. At least one scenarios should 
anticipate  that  realised  cash  flows  will  be  significantly  different  from  the  contractual  cash  flows.  Probability 
weights must be allocated to the individual scenarios. The estimation must reflect the probability of the occurrence 
and non-occurrence of the credit loss, even if the most probable result is the non-occurrence of the loss. 

On collective basis:  

The following exposures are subject to collective assessment: 
retail exposure irrespective of the amount, 

• 
•  micro and small enterprise exposures irrespective of the amount, 
• 
• 
• 

all other exposure which are insignificant on a stand-alone basis and not part of the workout management, 
exposure which are not in stage 3, significant on a stand-alone basis, 
purchased  or  originated  credit-impaired  instruments  which  are  in  accordance  with  the  conditions 
mentioned above. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

338 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 36: 

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

36.1.   Credit risk [continued] 

36.1.1.  Financial instruments by stages [continued] 

In the collective impairment methodology credit risk and the change of credit risk can be correctly captured by 
understanding  the  risk  characteristics  of  the  portfolio.  In  order  to  achieve  this  the  main  risk  drivers  shall  be 
identified  and  used  to  form  homogeneous  segments  having  similar  risk  characteristics.  The  segmentation  is 
expected  to  stay  stable  from  month  to  month  however  a  regular  (at  least  yearly)  revision  of  the  segmentation 
process  should  be  set  up  to  capture  the  change  of  risk  characteristics.  The  segmentation  must  be  performed 
separately for each parameter, since in each case different factors may have relevance. 

The Bank's Headquarters Group Reserve Committee stipulates the guidelines related to the collective impairment 
methodology at group level. In addition, it has right of agreement in respect of the risk parameters (PD -probability 
of default, LGD - loss given default, EAD – exposure at default) and segmentation criteria proposed by the group 
members.  

The review of the parameters must be performed at least annually and the results should be approved by the Group 
Reserve  Committee.  Local  Risk  Managements  is  responsible  for  parameter  estimations  and  updates, 
macroeconomic  scenarios  are  calculated  by  OTP  Bank  Headquarters  for  each  subsidiary  and  each  parameter. 
Based on the consensus proposal of Local Risk Management and OTP Bank Headquarters, the Group Reserve 
Committee decides on the modification of parameters (all parameters for impairment calculation). 

The impairment parameters should be backtested at least annually.  

The expected loss calculation should be forward looking, including forecasts of future economic conditions. This 
may be achieved by applying 3-5 different macroeconomic scenarios, which may be integrated in the PD, LGD 
and EAD parameters. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

339 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 36: 

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

36.1.   Credit risk [continued] 

36.1.1.  Financial instruments by stages [continued] 

Gross carrying amount and accumulated loss allowance of financial assets at amortized cost and fair value through other comprehensive income by IFRS 9 stages as at 31 
December 2023: 

Gross carrying amount / Notional amount 

Loss allowance 

Stage 1 

Stage 2  Stage 3 

Purchased or 
originated credit 
impaired 

Total 

Stage 1  Stage 2  Stage 3 

Purchased or 
originated credit 
impaired 

Total 

Write-off 

Cash, amounts due from banks and 

balances with the National Bank of 
Hungary 

Placements with other banks 
Repo receivables 

Retail consumer loans 
Mortgage loans 
Municipal loans 
Corporate loans 

Loans at amortised cost 
FVOCI debt instruments 
Securities at amortised cost 
Other financial assets 
Total 

Loan commitments 
Financial guarantees 
Factoring loan commitments 
Bill of credit 

Loan commitments and financial 

guarantees total 

Carrying 
amount/ 
Exposure 

2,708,232 
2,702,433 
201,658 
572,912 
53,996 
102,003 
3,952,448 
4,681,359 
538,350 
2,710,848 
115,499 
13,658,379 

1,976,476 
1,995,500 
365,440 
8,586 

7,232 
320 

41,172 
103,152 

6,952 
9,421 
- 

- 
2,701,675 
2,315 
2,697,572 
202,025 
- 
488,231  128,101  19,811 
4,823 
- 
3,213,155  746,233  65,434 
3,845,710  881,886  90,068 
-  30,873 
5,961  34,802 
7,560 
12,765,751  905,012  165,618 

507,477 
2,696,310 
114,982 

792 

1,854,533  130,879 
46,977 
1,946,951 
12,386 
348,659 
- 
8,626 

2,127 
5,819 
5,136 
- 

- 
- 
- 
1 
1,988 
- 
9,121 
11,110 
- 
- 
15 
11,125 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

38 
1,417 

55,215 
103,472 

128 
1,095 
- 

267 
3,465 
367 

- 
2,708,627 
2,315 
2,709,308 
202,025 
- 
636,144  15,471  33,192  14,568 
813 
- 
4,033,943  16,783  36,390  27,544 
4,828,774  33,709  69,823  42,925 
-  22,920 
273  12,602 
3,357 
13,847,506  54,025  74,358  84,119 

1,425 
2,737,073  13,350 
1,442 

189 
52 

123,349 

538,350 

3,039 

179 
- 

395 
- 
6,875 
- 
- 
367 
1  63,232 
1,219 
1,469 
778  81,495 
958  147,415 
-  24,345 
-  26,225 
7,850 
970  213,472 

12 

1,987,539 
1,999,747 
366,181 
8,626 

6,153 
2,020 
482 
40 

4,206 
412 
53 
- 

704 
1,815 
206 
- 

4,362,093 

8,695 

4,671 

2,725 

-  11,063 
4,247 
- 
741 
- 
40 
- 

-  16,091 

4,346,002 

4,158,769  190,242  13,082 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
22,637 
22,637 
- 
- 
- 
22,637 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

340 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 36: 

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

36.1.   Credit risk [continued] 

36.1.1.  Financial instruments by stages [continued] 

Gross carrying amount and accumulated loss allowance of financial assets at amortized cost and fair value through other comprehensive income by IFRS 9 stages as at 31 
December 2022: 

Gross carrying amount / Notional amount 

Loss allowance 

Stage 1 

Stage 2  Stage 3 

Purchased or 
originated credit 
impaired 

Total 

Stage 1  Stage 2  Stage 3 

Purchased or 
originated credit 
impaired 

Write-off 

Total 

Cash, amounts due from banks and 

balances with the National Bank of 
Hungary 

Placements with other banks 
Repo receivables 

Retail consumer loans 
Mortgage loans 
Municipal loans 
Corporate loans 

Loans at amortised cost 
FVOCI debt instruments 
Securities at amortised cost 
Other financial assets 
Total 

Loan commitments 
Financial guarantees 
Factoring loan commitments 
Bill of credit 

Loan commitments and financial 

guarantees total 

Carrying 
amount/ 
Exposure 

1,092,198 
2,899,829 
246,529 
556,062 
62,587 
81,083 
4,125,308 
4,825,040 
779,253 
3,282,373 
86,438 
13,211,660 

1,840,521 
1,863,476 
371,866 
12,285 

45,912 
81,856 

1,062,246  31,305 
2,906,852  10,247 
- 

- 
1,512 
248,696 
- 
507,517  65,853  52,913 
7,039 
8,895 
- 
286 
3,541,098  589,153  86,401 
4,176,383  664,187  146,353 
-  27,415 
6,713  38,270 
4,561 
12,504,532  712,938  218,111 

751,838 
3,273,240 
85,277 

486 

1,745,003  101,644 
1,848,783  24,868 

5,517 
173 
327,903  14,705  30,809 
- 

12,128 

247 

- 
- 
- 
2 
2,279 
- 
10,716 
12,997 
- 
- 
18 
13,015 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

57 
1,010 

64,125 
82,142 

872 
1,233 
- 

1,093,551 
481 
2,918,611  16,037 
2,167 

- 
1,512 
248,696 
- 
626,285  15,229  17,670  37,323 
1,116 
- 
4,227,368  22,068  39,153  39,334 
4,999,920  38,364  57,051  77,773 
-  24,399 
300  13,804 
2,088 
369 
13,448,596  84,992  59,825  119,576 

4,762 
3,318,223  21,746 
1,435 

179 
49 

779,253 

90,342 

186 
- 

- 
1,353 
-  18,782 
- 
2,167 
1  70,223 
1,538 
1,059 
1,505  102,060 
1,692  174,880 
-  29,161 
-  35,850 
3,904 
1,704  266,097 

12 

1,852,164 
1,873,824 
373,417 
12,375 

6,694 
9,502 
361 
85 

3,581 
800 
87 
5 

1,368 
46 
1,103 
- 

4,111,780  16,642 

4,473 

2,517 

-  11,643 
-  10,348 
1,551 
- 
90 
- 

-  23,632 

4,088,148 

3,933,817  141,464  36,499 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
25,879 
25,879 
- 
- 
- 
25,879 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

341 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 36: 

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

36.1.   Credit risk [continued] 

36.1.2.  Financial instruments under simplified approach by day-past-due categories 

As at 31 December 2023 

Without delay  < 30 days 

31 - 60 
days 

61 - 90 
days 

> 91 days 

Closing 
balance 

Expected credit loss rate 

0.72% 

0.69% 

5.17% 

9.39% 

21.06% 

2.02% 

Gross value 
Loss allowance 
Net carrying value 

161,963 
1,173 
163,136 

8,459 
58 
8,517 

968 
50 
1,018 

309 
29 
338 

11,307 
2,381 
13,688 

183,006 
3,691 
186,697 

As at 31 December 2022 

Without delay  < 30 days 

31 - 60 
days 

61 - 90 
days 

> 91 days 

Closing 
balance 

Expected credit loss rate 

0.27% 

0.77% 

2.09% 

5.75% 

26.11% 

1.82% 

Gross value 
Loss allowance 
Net carrying value 

144,046 
389 
144,435 

15,620 
121 
15,741 

1,912 
40 
1,952 

487 
28 
515 

9,744 
2,544 
12,288 

171,809 
3,122 
174,931 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

342 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 36: 

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

36.1.   Credit risk [continued] 

36.1.3. Changes in the Gross carrying amount and in the Loss allowance of financial assets at amortised cost 

and fair value through other comprehensive income by IFRS 9 stages 

Movement of gross carrying amount of loans at amortised cost  

Stage 1 

Stage 2 

Stage 3 

POCI 

Total 

Gross amount as at 1 
January 2022 
Transfer to Stage 1 
Transfer to Stage 2 
Transfer to Stage 3 
New financial assets 

originated or purchased 
Financial assets derecognised 
(other than write-offs) 

Write-offs 
Modification loss 
Gross amount as at 31 
December 2022 

Transfer to Stage 1 
Transfer to Stage 2 
Transfer to Stage 3 
New financial assets 

originated or purchased 
Financial assets derecognised 
(other than write-offs) 

Write-offs 
Modification loss 
Gross amount as at 31 
December 2023 

3,501,643 
128,623 
(195,786) 
(34,487) 

563,982 
(125,232) 
205,613 
(41,649) 

108,979 
(3,391) 
(9,827) 
76,136 

2,684,856 

249,182 

44,325 

(1,899,139) 
(70) 
(9,257) 

4,176,383 
125,054 
(448,120) 
(24,935) 

(184,121) 
(354) 
(3,234) 

664,187 
(105,061) 
461,067 
(29,379) 

(60,292) 
(7,211) 
(2,366) 

146,353 
(19,993) 
(12,947) 
54,314 

2,227,406 

200,034 

28,678 

(2,203,558) 
(61) 
(6,459) 

(306,780) 
(578) 
(1,604) 

(100,045) 
(5,338) 
(954) 

3,845,710 

881,886 

90,068 

13,418 
- 
- 
- 

291 

(672) 
(40) 
- 

12,997 
- 
- 
- 

1,163 

(2,970) 
(80) 
- 

11,110 

4,188,022 
- 
- 
- 

2,978,654 

(2,144,224) 
(7,675) 
(14,857) 

4,999,920 
- 
- 
- 

2,457,281 

(2,613,353) 
(6,057) 
(9,017) 

4,828,774 

Movement of loss allowance of loans at amortised cost 

Stage 1 

Stage 2 

Stage 3 

POCI 

Total 

Loss allowance as at 1 January 2022 
Transfer to Stage 1 
Transfer to Stage 2 
Transfer to Stage 3 
Net remeasurement of loss allowance 
New financial assets originated or purchased 
Financial assets derecognised (other than write-

offs) 

Unwind of discount 
Write-offs 
Loss allowance as at 31 December 2022 
Transfer to Stage 1 
Transfer to Stage 2 
Transfer to Stage 3 
Net remeasurement of loss allowance 
New financial assets originated or purchased 
Financial assets derecognised (other than write-

offs) 

Unwind of discount 
Write-offs 
Loss allowance as at 31 December 2023 

29,361 
13,705 
(2,058) 
(738) 
(14,906) 
22,665 

(9,595) 
- 
(70) 
38,364 
21,673 
(5,037) 
(497) 
(21,553) 
14,620 

(13,800) 
- 
(61) 
33,709 

67,272 
(12,361) 
6,779 
(6,414) 
5,886 
7,284 

(11,041) 
- 
(354) 
57,051 
(9,755) 
12,425 
(3,906) 
13,435 
8,468 

(7,317) 
- 
(578) 
69,823 

57,087 
(1,344) 
(4,721) 
7,152 
23,898 
6,955 

(8,942) 
4,899 
(7,211) 
77,773 
(11,918) 
(7,388) 
4,403 
1,920 
4,717 

(26,425) 
5,181 
(5,338) 
42,925 

1,837 
- 
- 
- 
(69) 
14 

(90) 
40 
(40) 
1,692 
- 
- 
- 
(701) 
14 

(47) 
80 
(80) 
958 

155,557 
- 
- 
- 
14,809 
36,918 

(29,668) 
4,939 
(7,675) 
174,880 
- 
- 
- 
(6,899) 
27,819 

(47,589) 
5,261 
(6,057) 
147,415 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

343 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 36: 

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

36.1.   Credit risk [continued] 

36.1.3. Changes in the Gross carrying amount and in the Loss allowance of financial assets at amortised cost 

and fair value through other comprehensive income by IFRS 9 stages [continued] 

Movement of gross carrying amount of loan commitments and financial guarantees 

Stage 1 

Stage 2 

Stage 3 

Total 

Gross amount as at 1 
January 2022 
Transfer to Stage 1 
Transfer to Stage 2 
Transfer to Stage 3 
New financial assets 

originated or purchased 

Decrease 
Gross amount as at 31 
December 2022 
Transfer to Stage 1 
Transfer to Stage 2 
Transfer to Stage 3 
New financial assets 

originated or purchased 

Decrease 
Gross amount as at 31 
December 2023 

3,549,739 
27,955 
(114,601) 
(17,137) 

1,344,993 
(857,132) 

3,933,817 
60,083 
(158,404) 
(9,460) 

1,195,949 
(863,217) 

77,568 
(27,324) 
114,978 
(1,704) 

55,461 
(77,515) 

141,464 
(58,857) 
159,071 
(2,028) 

10,373 
(631) 
(377) 
18,841 

15,484 
(7,191) 

36,499 
(1,225) 
(667) 
11,488 

3,637,680 
- 
- 
- 

1,415,938 
(941,838) 

4,111,780 
- 
- 
- 

64,939 
(114,347) 

1,451 
(34,464) 

1,262,339 
(1,012,027) 

4,158,768 

190,242 

13,082 

4,362,092 

Movement of loss allowance of loan commitments and financial guarantees 

Stage 1 

Stage 2 

Stage 3 

Total 

Loss allowance as at 1 January 

2022 

Transfer to Stage 1 
Transfer to Stage 2 
Transfer to Stage 3 
Net remeasurement of loss 

allowance 

New financial assets originated 

or purchased 

Decrease 
Loss allowance as at 31 
December 2022 
Transfer to Stage 1 
Transfer to Stage 2 
Transfer to Stage 3 
Net remeasurement of loss 

allowance 

New financial assets originated 

or purchased 

Decrease 
Loss allowance as at 31 
December 2023 

10,669 
2,095 
(442) 
(21) 

2,148 

3,933 
(1,740) 

16,642 
2,410 
(787) 
(26) 

(10,128) 

2,985 
(2,406) 

8,690 

4,749 
(1,929) 
542 
(124) 

1,020 

602 
(387) 

4,473 
(1,888) 
1,022 
(242) 

1,584 

514 
(792) 

4,671 

2,350 
(166) 
(100) 
145 

1,052 

78 
(842) 

2,517 
(522) 
(235) 
268 

17,768 
- 
- 
- 

4,220 

4,613 
(2,969) 

23,632 
- 
- 
- 

1,669 

(6,875) 

212 
(1,178) 

3,711 
(4,376) 

2,731 

16,092 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

344 

 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 36: 

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

36.1.   Credit risk [continued] 

36.1.3. Changes in the Gross carrying amount and in the Loss allowance of financial assets at amortised cost 

and fair value through other comprehensive income by IFRS 9 stages [continued] 

Movement of gross carrying amount of cash, amounts due from banks and balances with the National Bank 
of Hungary 

Stage 1 

Stage 2 

Total 

Gross amount as at 1 January 
2022 
Transfer to Stage 2 
New financial assets originated or 
purchased 
Financial assets derecognised (other 
than write-offs) 
Gross amount as at 31 December 
2022 
New financial assets originated or 
purchased 
Financial assets derecognised (other 
than write-offs) 
Gross amount as at 31 December 
2023 

475,130 
(13) 

- 
13 

475,130 
- 

2,881,995 

31,292 

2,913,287 

(2,294,866) 

- 

(2,294,866) 

1,062,246 

31,305 

1,093,551 

14,858,652 

137 

14,858,788 

(13,219,223) 

(24,490) 

(13,243,712) 

2,701,675 

6,952 

2,708,627 

Movement  of  loss  allowance  of  cash,  amounts  due  from  banks  and  balances  with  the  National  Bank  of 
Hungary 

Stage 1 

Stage 2 

Total 

Loss allowance as at 1 January 2022 
Net remeasurement of loss allowance 
New financial assets originated or purchased 
Financial  assets  derecognised  (other  than  write-
offs) 
Loss allowance as at 31 December 2022 
Transfer to Stage 2 
Net remeasurement of loss allowance 
New financial assets originated or purchased 
Financial  assets  derecognised  (other  than  write-
offs) 
Loss allowance as at 31 December 2023 

185 
104 
291 

(99) 
481 
- 
46 
30 

(290) 
267 

- 
621 
251 

- 
872 
- 
(744) 
- 

- 
128 

185 
725 
542 

(99) 
1,353 
- 
(698) 
30 

(290) 
395 

Movement of gross carrying amount of placements with other banks 

Gross amount as at 1 January 2022 
Transfer to Stage 2 
New financial assets originated or 
purchased 
Financial assets derecognised (other 
than write-offs) 
Gross amount as at 31 December 
2022 
New financial assets originated or 
purchased 
Financial assets derecognised (other 
than write-offs) 
Gross amount as at 31 December 
2023 

Stage 1 

Stage 2 

Stage 3 

Total 

2,573,226 
(8,855) 

2,894,611 

(2,552,130) 

- 
8,855 

2,006 

(614) 

1,476 
- 

36 

- 

2,574,702 
- 

2,896,653 

(2,552,744) 

2,906,852 

10,247 

1,512 

2,918,611 

1,441,924 

9,986 

(1,651,204) 

(10,813) 

887 

(84) 

1,452,797 

(1,662,100) 

2,697,572 

9,421 

2,315 

2,709,308 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

345 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 36: 

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

36.1.   Credit risk [continued] 

36.1.3. Changes in the Gross carrying amount and in the Loss allowance of financial assets at amortised cost 
and fair value through other comprehensive income by IFRS 9 stages [continued] 

Movement of loss allowance of placements with other banks 

Loss allowance as at 1 January 2022 
Transfer to Stage 2 
Net remeasurement of loss allowance 
New financial assets originated or purchased 
Financial assets derecognised (other than write-
offs) 
Loss allowance as at 31 December 2022 
Net remeasurement of loss allowance 
New financial assets originated or purchased 
Financial assets derecognised (other than write-
offs) 
Loss allowance as at 31 December 2023 

Stage 1 

Stage 2 

Stage 3 

Total 

6,014 
(71) 
1,261 
14,166 

(5,333) 
16,037 
(9,159) 
1,418 

(4,831) 
3,465 

- 
71 
1,149 
13 

- 
1,233 
3 
1,091 

(1,232) 
1,095 

1,476 
- 
36 
- 

- 
1,512 
(84) 
887 

- 
2,315 

7,490 
- 
2,446 
14,179 

(5,333) 
18,782 
(9,240) 
3,396 

(6,063) 
6,875 

Movement of gross carrying amount of repo receivables 

Loss allowance as at 1 January 2022 
New financial assets originated or 

purchased 

Financial assets derecognised (other 

than write-offs) 

Loss allowance as at 31 December 

2022 

New financial assets originated or 

purchased 

Financial assets derecognised (other 

than write-offs) 

Loss allowance as at 31 December 

2023 

Stage 1 

Total 

33,710 

33,710 

769,374 

769,374 

(554,388) 

(554,388) 

248,696 

248,696 

1,808,640 

1,808,640 

(1,855,311) 

(1,855,311) 

202,025 

202,025 

Movement of loss allowance of repo receivables 

Loss allowance as at 1 January 2022 
New financial assets originated or purchased 
Financial assets derecognised (other than write-offs) 
Loss allowance as at 31 December 2022 
New financial assets originated or purchased 
Financial assets derecognised (other than write-offs) 
Loss allowance as at 31 December 2023 

Stage 1 

Total 

72 
4,480 
(2,385) 
2,167 
1,825 
(2,167) 
367 

72 
4,480 
(2,385) 
2,167 
1,825 
(2,167) 
367 

Movement of gross carrying amount of securities at amortised cost 

Stage 1 

Stage 2 

Stage 3 

Total 

Gross amount as at 1 January 2022 
Transfer to Stage 3 
New financial assets originated or purchased 
Financial assets derecognised (other than write-offs) 
Gross amount as at 31 December 2022 
Transfer to Stage 1 
Transfer to Stage 2 
New financial assets originated or purchased 
Financial assets derecognised (other than write-offs) 
Loss allowance as at 31 December 2023 

3,064,500 
(34,057) 
717,463 
(474,666) 
3,273,240 
1,403 
(1,203) 
199,101 
(776,230) 
2,696,311 

13,223 
- 
1,591 
(8,101) 
6,713 
(1,403) 
1,203 
3 
(554) 
5,961 

- 
34,057 
4,213 
- 
38,270 
- 
- 
- 
(3,468) 
34,802 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

3,077,723 
- 
723,267 
(482,767) 
3,318,223 
- 
- 
199,104 
(780,253) 
2,737,074 

346 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 36: 

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

36.1.   Credit risk [continued] 

36.1.3. Changes in the Gross carrying amount and in the Loss allowance of financial assets at amortised cost 
and fair value through other comprehensive income by IFRS 9 stages [continued] 

Movement of loss allowance of securities at amortised cost 

Loss allowance as at 1 January 2022 
Transfer to Stage 3 
Net remeasurement of loss allowance 
New financial assets originated or 

purchased 

Financial assets derecognised (other than 

write-offs) 

Loss allowance as at 31 December 2022 
Net remeasurement of loss allowance 
New financial assets originated or 

purchased 

Financial assets derecognised (other than 

write-offs) 

Loss allowance as at 31 December 2023 

Stage 1 

Stage 2 

Stage 3 

Total 

5,882 
(48) 
13,564 

2,972 

(624) 
21,746 
(5,424) 

163 

(3,135) 
13,350 

803 
- 
(18) 

7 

(492) 
300 
(27) 

- 

- 
273 

- 
48 
13,756 

6,685 
- 
27,302 

- 

2,979 

- 
13,804 
(1,202) 

(1,116) 
35,850 
(6,653) 

- 

163 

- 
12,602 

(3,135) 
26,225 

Movement of gross carrying amount of FVOCI debt instruments 

Loss allowance as at 1 January 2022 
Transfer to Stage 3 
New financial assets originated or purchased 
Financial assets derecognised (other than write-

offs) 

Loss allowance as at 31 December 2022 
New financial assets originated or purchased 
Financial assets derecognised (other than write-

offs) 

Loss allowance as at 31 December 2023 

Stage 1 

Stage 3 

Total 

624,801 
(27,415) 
423,279 

(268,827) 
751,838 
164,182 

(408,543) 
507,477 

- 
27,415 
- 

- 
27,415 
3,480 

(21) 
30,873 

624,801 
- 
423,279 

(268,827) 
779,253 
167,662 

(408,564) 
538,350 

Movement of loss allowance of FVOCI debt instruments 

Loss allowance as at 1 January 2022 
Transfer to Stage 3 
Net remeasurement of loss allowance 
New financial assets originated or purchased 
Financial assets derecognised (other than write-offs) 
Loss allowance as at 31 December 2022 
Net remeasurement of loss allowance 
New financial assets originated or purchased 
Financial assets derecognised (other than write-offs) 
Loss allowance as at 31 December 2023 

Stage 1 

Stage 3 

Total 

1,174 
(49) 
1,741 
2,144 
(248) 
4,762 
(1,741) 
172 
(1,768) 
1,425 

- 
49 
24,350 
- 
- 
24,399 
(1,479) 
- 
- 
22,920 

1,174 
- 
26,091 
2,144 
(248) 
29,161 
(3,220) 
172 
(1,768) 
24,345 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

347 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 36: 

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

36.1.   Credit risk [continued] 

36.1.4.  Loan portfolio by internal ratings 

31 December 2023 
Internal rating grade 
High grade (1-4) 
Medium grade (5-7) 
Low grade (8-9) 
Non performing  
Total 

Internal rating grade 
High grade (1-4) 
Medium grade (5-7) 
Low grade (8-9) 
Non performing  
Total 

31 December 2022 
Internal rating grade 
High grade (1-4) 
Medium grade (5-7) 
Low grade (8-9) 
Non performing  
Total 

Internal rating grade 
High grade (1-4) 
Medium grade (5-7) 
Low grade (8-9) 
Non performing  
Total 

Stage1 

1,748,019 
2,030,681 
67,010 
- 
3,845,710 

Stage1 

9,485 
19,488 
4,736 
- 
33,709 

Stage1 

1,891,381 
2,229,142 
55,863 
- 
4,176,386 

Stage1 

6,965 
28,937 
2,462 
- 
38,364 

Gross carrying amount 
Stage3 

POCI 

Stage2 

Total 

155,527 
572,339 
154,020 
- 
881,886 

- 
- 
- 
90,068 
90,068 

275  1,903,821 
9,136  2,612,156 
221,225 
195 
1,504 
91,572 
11,110  4,828,774 

Accumulated loss allowance 
POCI 
Stage3 
Stage2 

8,791 
39,153 
21,879 
- 
69,823 

- 
- 
- 
42,925 
42,925 

3 
462 
6 
487 
958 

Gross carrying amount 
Stage3 

POCI 

Stage2 

Total 

18,279 
59,103 
26,621 
43,412 
147,415 

Total 

180,426 
384,237 
99,521 
- 
664,184 

- 
- 
- 
146,353 
146,353 

214  2,072,021 
10,664  2,624,043 
155,692 
308 
1,811 
148,164 
12,997  4,999,920 

Accumulated loss allowance 
POCI 
Stage3 
Stage2 

17,509 
25,419 
14,123 
- 
57,051 

- 
- 
- 
77,773 
77,773 

3 
1,115 
18 
556 
1,692 

Total 

24,477 
55,471 
16,603 
78,329 
174,880 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

348 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 36: 

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

36.1.   Credit risk [continued] 

36.1.5.  Loan portfolio by countries 

An analysis of carrying amount of the non-qualified and qualified gross loan portfolio by country is as follows: 

Country 

Hungary 
Malta 
Bulgaria 
Slovenia 
Serbia 
Croatia 
Romania 
France 
Ukraine 
Belgium 
Other 
Loans, placements with 

other banks and repo 
receivables at amortised 
cost total 

Hungary 
Other 
Loans at fair value total 
Loans, placements with 

other banks and repo 
receivables total 

31 December 2023 

31 December 2022 

Gross loan and 
placements with 
other banks 
portfolio 

Loss allowance 

Gross loan and 
placements with 
other banks 
portfolio 

Loss allowance 

5,406,144 
647,521 
351,368 
245,018 
243,010 
195,198 
149,356 
123,582 
83,328 
55,535 
240,047 

7,740,107 
934,824 
24 
934,848 

(126,770) 
(1,220) 
(3,123) 
(1,520) 
(3,697) 
(433) 
(3,206) 
(84) 
(1,579) 
(154) 
(12,871) 

(154,657) 
- 
- 
- 

5,651,445 
772,898 
272,449 
101,842 
251,812 
149,993 
197,255 
255,918 
86,329 
38,227 
389,059 

8,167,227 
793,228 
14 
793,242 

(147,446) 
(3,857) 
(10,736) 
(261) 
(6,204) 
(1,424) 
(3,741) 
(969) 
(2,393) 
(107) 
(18,691) 

(195,829) 
- 
- 
- 

8,674,955 

(154,657) 

8,960,469 

(195,829) 

36.1.6.  Loan portfolio classification by economic activities 

Loans at amortised cost by economic activities 

31 December 2023 

31 December 2022 

Retail 
Agriculture, forestry and fishing 
Manufacturing, mining and quarrying and other industry 
Construction 
Wholesale and retail trade, transportation and storage 

accommodation and food service activities 

Information and communication 
Financial and insurance activities 
Real estate activities 
Professional, scientific, technical, administration 
Public administration, defence, education, human health 

and social work activities 

Other services 
Total 

Gross 
amount 
758,426 
215,325 
492,620 
202,542 

Loss 
allowance 
66,372 
5,649 
14,746 
8,896 

Gross 
amount 
645,496 
211,875 
587,190 
231,015 

Loss 
allowance 
71,024 
6,025 
18,211 
5,580 

733,631 
24,086 
1,215,215 
503,510 
242,818 

119,196 
321,405 
4,828,774 

17,259 
618 
7,965 
17,113 
4,106 

833,618 
25,404 
1,183,848 
471,772 
231,335 

1,704 
2,987 
147,415 

99,593 
478,774 
4,999,920 

18,674 
1,027 
14,903 
10,995 
3,864 

1,592 
22,985 
174,880 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

349 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 36: 

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

36.1.   Credit risk [continued] 

36.1.7.  Collaterals 

The collateral value held by the Bank by collateral types is as follows (total collateral value). The collaterals 
cover loans as well as off-balance sheet exposures. 

Types of collateral  
Mortgages 
Guarantees and warranties 
Deposit 

from this:      Cash 
                     Securities 

Other 
Total 

31 December 
2023 
1,977,401 
1,961,382 
214,085 
94,486 
119,599 
147 
4,153,015 

31 December 
2022 
1,859,713 
2,082,418 
174,247 
95,836 
78,411 
254 
4,116,632 

The  collateral  value  held  by  the  Bank  by  collateral  types  is  as  follows  (to  the  extent  of  the  exposures).  The 
collaterals cover loans as well as off-balance sheet exposures. 

Types of collateral  
Mortgage 
Guarantees and warranties 
Deposit 

from this:      Cash 
                     Securities 

Other 
Total 

31 December 
2023 
1,523,976 
1,662,645 
145,591 
89,211 
56,380 
90 
3,332,302 

31 December 
2022 
1,445,244 
1,755,474 
133,000 
84,225 
48,775 
254 
3,333,972 

The  coverage  level  of  loan  portfolio  to  the  extent  of  the  exposures  increased  from  42,1%  to  44,21%  as  at  31 
December 2023, while the coverage to the total collateral value decreased from 51,99% to 55,09%. 

The collateral value (total collateral value) held by the Bank related to impaired loan portfolio (Stage 3 and POCI 
loans) is as follows: 

For the year ended 31 
December 2023 
Retail consumer loans 
Mortgage loans 
Corporate loans 
Total 

For the year ended 31 
December 2022 
Retail consumer loans 
Mortgage loans 
Corporate loans 
Total 

Gross carrying 
amount 

Loss allowance 

Carrying 
amount 

Collateral value 

19,812 
6,811 
74,555 
101,178 

(14,569) 
(992) 
(28,322) 
(43,883) 

5,243 
5,819 
46,233 
57,295 

644 
33,515 
82,595 
116,754 

Gross carrying 
amount 

Loss allowance 

Carrying 
amount 

Collateral value 

52,915 
9,318 
97,117 
159,350 

(37,324) 
(1,302) 
(40,839) 
(79,465) 

15,591 
8,016 
56,278 
79,885 

30 
40,796 
93,399 
134,225 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

350 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 36: 

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

36.1.   Credit risk [continued] 

36.1.7.  Collaterals [continued] 

Maximum exposure to credit risk as at 31 December 2023 

31 December 2023 
Cash, amounts due from banks and 

Maximum 
exposure 
to credit 
risk 

Cash 

Securities  Guarantees  Property  Other 

Offsetting 
arrangements 

Surplus 

Collateral 
total 

Net 
exposure 

Coverage 

ECL 

Fair value of collateral 

balances with the National Bank of 
Hungary 

Placements with other banks 
Repo receivables 

Retail consumer loans 
Mortgage loans 
Municipal loans 
Corporate loans 

2,708,627 
2,709,308 
202,025 
636,144 
55,215 
103,472 
6,387,663 
7,182,494 
Loans at amortised cost 
Securities at amortised cost 
2,737,073 
Financial assets at amortised cost total  15,539,527 
218,427 
Derivative financial assets 
27,804 
Held-for-trading financial assets 
32,932 
mFVTPL securities 
mFVTPL loans 
934,848 
Financial assets at fair value through 

- 
- 
- 
1,621 
- 
1 
42,390 
44,012 
- 
44,012 
76,853 
- 
- 
- 

profit or loss total 
FVOCI debt instruments 
FVOCI debt instruments total 
Financial assets total 

Financial guarantees 
Accreditive 
Off-balance sheet items total 

1,214,011 
538,350 
538,350 

76,853 
- 
- 
17,291,888  120,865 

1,999,747 
8,626 
2,008,373 

47,241 
- 
47,241 

- 
- 
220,654 
204 
- 
- 
255,404 
255,608 
- 
476,262 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
476,262 

1,801 
- 
1,801 

- 
- 
- 
1,941 
2,515 
9,191 

- 
- 
- 
16,620 
386,730 
11,913 
903,666  2,599,109 
917,313  3,014,372 
- 
917,313  3,014,372 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
865,054 

- 

865,054 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
1,782,367  3,014,372 

19,442 
- 
19,442 

157,085 
- 
157,085 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
242 
242 
- 
242 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
242 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
(21,868) 
- 
(7,128) 
- 
(334,122) 
(5,990) 
- 
-  (1,704,294) 
-  (2,051,534) 
- 
- 
-  (2,073,402) 
- 
- 
- 
(44,555) 

60,721 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
198,786 
13,258 
55,123 
15,115 
2,096,517 
2,180,013 
- 
2,378,799 
137,574 
- 
- 
820,499 

2,708,627 
2,709,308 
3,239 
622,886 
92 
88,357 
4,291,146 
5,002,481 
2,737,073 
13,160,728 
80,853 
27,804 
32,932 
114,349 

60,721 
- 
- 

(44,555) 
- 
- 
60,721  (2,117,957) 

958,073 
- 
- 
3,336,872 

255,938 
538,350 
538,350 
13,955,016 

- 
- 
- 

(44,554) 
- 
(44,554) 

181,015 
- 
181,015 

1,818,732 
8,626 
1,827,358 

0% 
0% 
98% 
2% 
100% 
15% 
33% 
30% 
0% 
15% 
63% 
0% 
0% 
88% 

79% 
0% 
0% 
19% 

9% 
0% 
9% 

395 
6,875 
367 
63,232 
1,219 
1,469 
93,299 
159,219 
26,225 
193,081 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
24,345 
24,345 
217,426 

4,247 
40 
4,287 

Total 

19,300,261  168,106 

478,063 

1,801,809  3,171,457 

242 

60,721  (2,162,511) 

3,517,887 

15,782,374 

18% 

221,713 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

351 

 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 36: 

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

36.1.   Credit risk [continued] 

36.1.7.  Collaterals [continued] 

Maximum exposure to credit risk as at 31 December 2022 

31 December 2022 
Cash, amounts due from banks and 

Maximum 
exposure 
to credit 
risk 

Cash 

Securities  Guarantees  Property  Other 

Offsetting 
arrangements 

Surplus 

Collateral 
total 

Net 
exposure 

Coverage 

ECL 

Fair value of collateral 

balances with the National Bank of 
Hungary 

Placements with other banks 
Repo receivables 

Retail consumer loans 
Mortgage loans 
Municipal loans 
Corporate loans 

1,093,551 
2,918,611 
248,696 
626,285 
64,125 
82,142 
6,452,949 
7,225,501 
Loans at amortised cost 
Securities at amortised cost 
3,318,223 
Financial assets at amortised cost total  14,804,582 
351,939 
Derivative financial assets 
74,795 
Held-for-trading financial assets 
30,498 
mFVTPL securities 
mFVTPL loans 
793,242 
Financial assets at fair value through 

- 
- 
- 
3,256 
- 
1 
32,658 
35,915 
- 
35,915 
90,551 
- 
- 
- 

profit or loss total 
FVOCI debt instruments 
FVOCI debt instruments total 
Financial assets total 

Financial guarantees 
Accreditive 
Off-balance sheet items total 

1,250,474 
779,253 
779,253 

90,551 
- 
- 
16,834,309  126,466 

1,873,824 
12,375 
1,886,199 

47,628 
- 
47,628 

- 
- 
263,052 
3,521 
- 
- 
224,172 
227,693 
- 
490,745 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
490,745 

1,392 
- 
1,392 

- 
- 
- 
4,639 
2,788 
11,234 

- 
- 
- 
17,514 
378,794 
9,813 
1,047,739  2,415,367 
1,066,400  2,821,488 
- 
1,066,400  2,821,488 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
814,544 

- 

814,544 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
1,880,944  2,821,488 

19,595 
- 
19,595 

50,382 
- 
50,382 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
13 
13 
- 
13 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
13 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
(22,355) 
- 
(20,839) 
- 
(317,578) 
(4,713) 
- 
-  (1,649,512) 
-  (1,992,642) 
- 
- 
-  (2,014,997) 
- 
- 
- 
(80,161) 

103,014 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
240,697 
8,091 
64,004 
16,335 
2,070,437 
2,158,867 
- 
2,399,564 
193,565 
- 
- 
734,383 

1,093,551 
2,918,611 
7,999 
618,194 
121 
65,807 
4,382,512 
5,066,634 
3,318,223 
12,405,018 
158,374 
74,795 
30,498 
58,859 

103,014 
- 
- 

(80,161) 
- 
- 
103,014  (2,095,158) 

927,948 
- 
- 
3,327,512 

322,526 
779,253 
779,253 
13,506,797 

- 
- 
- 

(63,330) 
- 
(63,330) 

55,667 
- 
55,667 

1,818,157 
12,375 
1,830,532 

0% 
0% 
97% 
1% 
100% 
20% 
32% 
30% 
0% 
16% 
55% 
0% 
0% 
93% 

74% 
0% 
0% 
20% 

3% 
0% 
3% 

1,353 
18,782 
2,167 
70,223 
1,538 
1,059 
115,254 
188,074 
35,850 
246,226 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
29,161 
29,161 
275,387 

10,348 
90 
10,438 

Total 

18,720,508  174,094 

492,137 

1,900,539  2,871,870 

13 

103,014  (2,158,488) 

3,383,179 

15,337,329 

18% 

285,825 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

352 

 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 36: 

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

36.1.   Credit risk [continued] 

36.1.7.  Collaterals 

Returns from realization of collaterals taken into possession by types of collateral 

Types of collateral 
Real estate 
Guarantee 
Bail 
Other 
Proceeds from enforcement of collaterals 

36.1.8.  Restructured loans 

31 December 
2023 
178 
25,509 
- 
80 
25,767 

31 December 
2022 
203 
30,863 
140 
236 
31,442 

Consumer loans 
Mortgage loans 
Corporate loans 
SME loans 
Municipal loans 
Total 

31 December 2023 

31 December 2022 

Gross portfolio 
12,757 
1,829 
103,897 
21,555 
75 
140,114 

Loss allowance  Gross portfolio 
22,947 
6,342 
181,496 
40,422 
- 
251,208 

(7,064) 
(65) 
(5,312) 
(1,508) 
(1) 
(13,949) 

Loss allowance 
(6,279) 
(114) 
(21,820) 
(2,951) 
- 
(31,165) 

Restructured portfolio definition 

The forborne definition used by the Bank is based on EU 2015/227 regulation. 
Restructuring  (forbearance)  is  a  modification  of  the  contract  –  initiated  by  either  the  client  or  the  bank  –  that 
provides  a  concession  or  allowance  towards  the  client  in  respect  to  the  client’s  current  or  future  financial 
difficulties. The table of restructured loans contains exposures classified as performing forborne. An exposure is 
considered  performing  forborne  if  the  conditions  of  the  non-performing  status  are  not  met  at  the  time  of  the 
restructuring, or the exposure fulfilled the requirements of the minimum one-year cure period as non-performing 
forborne. 

The loan volume of Hungarian entities classified as performing forborne exclusively due to moratoria participation 
decreased significantly due the expiration of the probation period for retail exposures. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

353 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 36: 

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

36.1.   Credit risk [continued] 

36.1.9.  Financial instruments by rating categories1 

Held-for-trading securities as at 31 December 2023 

Government bonds 
Other bonds 
Investment fund units 
Hungarian government discounted Treasury Bills 
Shares 
Mortgage bonds 
Total 

Held-for-trading securities as at 31 December 2022 

Government bonds 
Other bonds 
Investment fund units 
Hungarian government discounted Treasury Bills 
Shares 
Mortgage bonds 
Total 

  A2  A3  Aa2  Aa3  Aaa  B1 

Ba1  Ba2  Ba3  Baa1  Baa2  Baa3  N/A 

 532 
- 
- 
- 

-  23 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
  56  33  23 
- 
 588  33  46 

- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
52 
- 
52 

27 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
27 

625 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
625 

- 
- 
- 
- 
39 
- 
39 

540 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
540 

- 
- 
- 
- 
4 
- 
4 

- 
- 
- 
- 
17 
- 
17 

19,695 
2,212 
- 
71 
20 
- 
21,998 

910 

- 
40  2,185 
320 
- 
267 
95 
968  2,867 

- 
- 
2 
16 

Total 
22,352 
4,437 
320 
71 
513 
111 
27,804 

A1  A2  A3  Aa2  Aa3  Aaa  Ba1 
- 
1 
- 
- 
- 
- 
1 

-  346 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
20 
- 
- 
20  346 

-  197 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
42  47 
- 
42  244 

- 
- 
- 
- 
29 
- 
29 

Ba2 
-  3,669 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
2 
39 
- 
- 
39  3,671 

- 

Ba3  Baa1  Baa2 

Baa3  N/A 

- 
- 
- 
- 
4 
- 
4 

- 
- 
- 
- 
15 
- 
15 

62,947 
1,627 
- 
4,785 
24 
11 
69,394 

362 
117 
- 
- 
- 
- 
479 

- 
3 
274 
- 
163 
71 
511 

Total 
67,521 
1,748 
274 
4,785 
385 
82 
74,795 

Securities mandatorily measured at fair value through profit or loss as at 31 December 2023 

Government bonds 
Mortgage bonds 
Total 

N/A 
31,124 
1,808 
32,932 

Total   
31,124   
1,808   
32,932   

1 Moody’s ratings 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

354 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 36: 

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

36.1.   Credit risk [continued] 

36.1.9.  Financial instruments by rating categories1 

Securities mandatorily measured at fair value through profit or loss as at 31 December 2022 

Government bonds 
Mortgage bonds 
Total 

N/A 
29,029 
1,469 
30,498 

Total   
29,029   
1,469   
30,498   

FVOCI securities as at 31 December 2023 

A1 

Ba1 

Ba2  Baa1 

660 
59,793 

Baa2 
-  6,259  4,082  144,857 
- 
- 
- 
- 
-  3,840  24,424 
235 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
60,453  3,840  30,683  4,082  145,092 

- 
- 
- 
- 

Baa3 

N/A 

WR 

2,654 
231,895 
- 
- 
- 
234,549 

- 
8,881 
19,896 
1 
21,177 
49,955 

30,873 
- 
- 
- 
- 
30,873 

Total 
189,385        
300,569        
48,160        
236        
21,177        
559,527        

A1 

A3 

Ba1 

Ba2  Baa1 

734 
42,407 

Baa2 
-  5,971  3,941  136,671 
- 
-  301,987 
- 
- 
- 
-  1,691  3,820 
- 
-  182,726 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
43,141  1,691  3,820  5,971  3,941  621,384 

- 
- 
- 
- 

Baa3 

N/A 

WR 

2,661 
- 
39,309 
- 
- 
41,970 

- 
12,146 
17,774 
- 
17,922 
47,842 

27,415 
- 
- 
- 
- 
27,415 

Total 
177,393        
356,540        
62,594        
182,726        
17,922        
797,175        

Government bonds 
Mortgage bonds 
Other bonds 
Hungarian Treasury Bills 
Non-treading equity instruments 
Total 

FVOCI securities as at 31 December 2022 

Government bonds 
Mortgage bonds 
Other bonds 
Hungarian Treasury Bills 
Non-treading equity instruments 
Total 

1 Moody’s ratings 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

355 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
       
 
 
  
       
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 36: 

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

36.1.   Credit risk [continued] 

36.1.9.  Financial instruments by rating categories1 

Securities at amortised cost as at 31 December 2023 
A1 
A2 
1,196  33,032  36,307 
8,983  8,039 
1,847 
- 
13,020 
16,063  42,015  44,346 

Government bonds 
Corporate bonds 
Mortgage bonds 
Total 

A3 

- 

Aaa 
260,116 
- 
- 
260,116 

Ba1 

- 
1,912 
- 
1,912 

Ba2 
19,695 
- 
- 
19,695 

Baa2 

Baa1 
50,205  1,911,133 
3,822 
11,444 
- 
- 
61,649  1,914,955 

Baa3 
39,052 
28,324 
- 
67,376 

N/A 

1 
248,857 
11,688 
260,546 

WR 
22,175 
- 
- 
22,175 

Total 
2,372,912             
313,228             
24,708             
2,710,848             

Securities at amortised cost as at 31 December 2022 
A3 
A1 
- 
1,301  26,341 
9,357  403 
1,911 
12,966 
- 
- 
16,178  35,698  403 

Government bonds 
Corporate bonds 
Mortgage bonds 
Total 

A2 

Aaa 
281,824 
- 
- 
281,824 

Ba1 

Ba2 
160,048 
1,968 
- 
162,016 

- 
- 
- 
- 

Baa2 

Baa1 
44,691  2,374,565 
3,971 
11,874 
- 
- 
56,565  2,378,536 

Baa3 
33,248 
29,022 
- 
62,270 

N/A 

- 
252,938 
11,518 
264,456 

WR 
24,427 
- 
- 
24,427 

Total 
2,946,445             
311,444             
24,484             
3,282,373             

1 Moody’s ratings 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

356 

 
 
  
           
 
 
 
  
           
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 36: 

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

36.1.   Credit risk [continued] 

36.1.10.  Securities  (held  for  trading,  mandatorily  FVTPL,  FVOCI  and  amortised  cost)  in  a  country 

breakdown 

Country 

Hungary 
United States of America 
Luxembourg 
Spain 
Russia 
Portugal 
Serbia 
Other 
Securities at amortised cost total 
Hungary 
Luxembourg 
Other 
FVOCI debt instruments total 
United States of America 
Austria 
Other 
Non-trading  equity  instruments  designated  to 
through  other 
fair  value 

measure  at 
comprehensive income 

Luxembourg 
United States of America 
Hungary 
Serbia 
Other 
Held for trading securities total 
Hungary 
Luxembourg 
United States of America 
Portugal 
Securities  mandatorily  measured  at  fair  value 

through profit or loss 

Securities total 

31 December 2023 
Gross 
carrying 
amount 

Loss 
allowance 

31 December 2022 
Gross 
carrying 
amount 

Loss 
allowance 

1,975,451 
370,997 
265,082 
53,209 
24,978 
16,284 
- 
31,072 
2,737,073 
395,183 
93,077 
50,090 
538,350 
6,332 
14,317 
528 

21,177 
10,167 
7,633 
8,849 
147 
1,008 
27,804 
23,916 
6,058 
1,808 
1,150 

(12,904) 
(672) 
(3,968) 
(82) 
(8,533) 
(21) 
- 
(45) 
(26,225) 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

2,412,543 
418,900 
223,256 
56,375 
27,064 
16,979 
140,116 
22,990 
3,318,223 
664,813 
62,549 
51,891 
779,253 
5,479 
11,914 
529 

17,922 
1,248 
1,894 
67,448 
3,668 
537 
74,795 
21,124 
6,885 
1,469 
1,020 

(19,158) 
(1,234) 
(4,804) 
(365) 
(9,246) 
(101) 
(867) 
(75) 
(35,850) 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

32,932 
3,357,336 

- 
(26,225) 

30,498 
4,220,691 

- 
(35,850) 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

357 

 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 36: 

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

36.2.  Maturity analysis of assets and liabilities and liquidity risk 
Liquidity risk is a measure of the extent to which the Bank may be required to raise funds to meet its commitments 
associated with financial instruments. The Bank maintains its liquidity profiles in accordance with regulations laid 
down by the NBH.  

The essential aspect of the liquidity risk management strategy is to identify all relevant systemic and idiosyncratic 
sources  of  liquidity  risk  and  to  measure  the  probability  and  severity  of  such  events.  During  liquidity  risk 
management the Bank considers the effect of liquidity risk events caused by reasons arising in the bank business 
line (deposit withdrawal), the national economy (exchange rate shock, yield curve shock) and the global financial 
system (capital market shock). 

In line with the Bank’s risk management policy liquidity risks are measured and managed on multiply hierarchy 
levels and applying integrated unified VaR based methodology. The basic requirement is that the Bank must keep 
high quality liquidity reserves by means it can fulfil all liabilities when they fall due without material additional 
costs. 

The  liquidity reserves can be divided into two parts. There are separate decentralized liquid asset portfolios at 
subsidiary level and a centralized flexible liquidity pool at Group level. The reserves at subsidiary levels are held 
to cover the relevant shocks of the subsidiaries which may arise in local currencies (deposit withdrawal,  local 
capital market shock, unexpected business expansion), while the centralized liquidity pool is held to cover the OTP 
Bank’s separate shocks (deposit-, yield curve- and exchange rate shocks) and all group member’s potential shocks 
that may arise in foreign currencies (deposit withdrawal, capital market shock). 

The recalculation of shocks is made at least quarterly while the recalibration of shock measurement models and 
review of the risk management methodology is an annual process. The monitoring of liquidity reserves for both 
centralized and decentralized liquid asset portfolio has been built into the daily reporting process.  

Due to the balance sheet adjustment process (deleveraging) experienced in the last few years, the liquidity reserves 
of the Bank increased significantly while the liquidity risk exposure has decreased considerably. Currently the 
(over)coverage of risk liquidity risk exposure by high quality liquid assets is at all-time record highs. There were 
no material changes in the liquidity risk management process for the year ended 31 December 2023.  

The following tables provide an analysis of assets and liabilities about the non-discounted cash flow into relevant 
maturity groupings based on the remaining period from the balance sheet date to the contractual maturity date. It 
is presented under the most prudent consideration of maturity dates where options or repayment schedules allow 
for early repayment possibilities. 

The contractual amounts disclosed in the maturity analyses are the contractual undiscounted cash flows like gross 
finance lease obligations (before deducting finance charges); prices specified in forward agreements to purchase 
financial assets for cash; net amounts for pay-floating/receive-fixed interest rate swaps for which net cash flows 
are exchanged; contractual amounts to be  exchanged in a derivative financial instrument for which gross cash 
flows are exchanged; gross loan commitments. 

Such undiscounted cash flows differ from the amount included in the statement of financial position because the 
amount in that statement is based on discounted cash flows. When the amount payable is not fixed, the amount 
disclosed is determined by reference to the conditions existing at the end of the reporting period. For example, 
when the amount payable varies with changes in an index, the amount disclosed may be based on the level of the 
index at the end of the period. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

358 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 36: 

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

36.2.   Maturity analysis of assets and liabilities and liquidity risk [continued] 

As at 31 December 2023 

Cash, amounts due from banks and balances with the National Bank of Hungary 
Placements with other banks 
Repo receivables 
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss 
Securities at fair value through other comprehensive income 
Securities at amortised cost 
Loans at amortised cost 
Loans mandatorily measured at fair value through profit or loss 
Investment properties 
Investments in subsidiaries, associates and other investments 
Other financial assets 
TOTAL ASSETS 
Amounts due to banks and deposits from the National Bank of Hungary and other banks  
Deposits from customers 
Repo liabilities  
Liabilities from issued securities 
Subordinated bonds and loans 
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss 
Leasing liabilities 
Other financial liabilities 
TOTAL LIABILITIES 
NET POSITION 
Receivables from derivative financial instruments classified as held for trading 
Liabilities from derivative financial instruments classified as held for trading 
Net position of derivative financial instruments classified as held for trading 
Receivables from derivative financial instruments designated as hedge accounting 
Liabilities from derivative financial instruments designated as hedge accounting 
Net position of derivative financial instruments designated as hedging accounting 
Net position of derivative financial instruments total 

Commitments to extend credit 
Confirmed letters of credit 
Factoring loan commitment 
Bank guarantees 
Off-balance sheet commitments 

Within 3 months 

Within one year and 
over 3 months 

Within 5 years and 
over one year 

Over 5 years 

 Without maturity 

Total 

2,708,628 
577,692 
202,024 
12,055 
5,891 
31,807 
1,187,849 
22,541 
- 
- 
304,197 
5,052,684 
517,908 
10,578,617 
196,811 
105,747 
6,174 
740 
1,794 
239,293 
11,647,084 
(6,594,400) 
8,329,035 
(8,172,061) 
156,974 
86,989 
(84,445) 
2,544 
159,518 

1,987,539 
8,626 
366,181 
268,861 
2,631,207 

- 
120,424 
- 
1,142 
43,109 
61,118 
1,084,559 
23,591 
- 
- 
2,517 
1,336,460 
147,923 
131,343 
5,347 
82,140 
1,901 
1,077 
5,716 
22,807 
398,254 
938,206 
1,398,729 
(1,388,901) 
9,828 
283,374 
(297,109) 
(13,735) 
(3,907) 

- 
- 
- 
210,113 
210,113 

- 
1,294,775 
- 
10,053 
310,370 
1,730,399 
1,632,019 
144,052 
- 
- 
- 
5,121,668 
846,764 
15,091 
241,536 
969,875 
8,956 
5,387 
41,884 
1,578 
2,131,071 
2,990,597 
972,506 
(1,008,090) 
(35,584) 
759,903 
(1,810,394) 
(1,050,491) 
(1,086,075) 

- 
- 
- 
265,867 
265,867 

- 
716,538 
- 
3,754 
231,586 
974,048 
1,049,524 
706,726 
- 
- 
- 
3,682,176 
283,882 
9,274 
- 
- 
509,277 
11,318 
18,888 
- 
832,639 
2,849,537 
250,098 
(247,029) 
3,069 
211,105 
(204,953) 
6,152 
9,221 

- 
- 
- 
1,254,906 
1,254,906 

- 
- 
- 
19,341 
111,159 
- 
- 
- 
4,203 
2,001,951 
- 
2,136,654 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
2,136,654 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

2,708,628 
2,709,429 
202,024 
46,345 
702,115 
2,797,372 
4,953,951 
896,910 
4,203 
2,001,951 
306,714 
17,329,642 
1,796,477 
10,734,325 
443,694 
1,157,762 
526,308 
18,522 
68,282 
263,678 
15,009,048 
2,320,594 
10,950,368 
(10,816,081) 
134,287 
1,341,371 
(2,396,901) 
(1,055,530) 
(921,243) 

1,987,539 
8,626 
366,181 
1,999,747 
4,362,093 

Analysis for net position of assets and liabilities are calculated in accordance with IFRS 7, therefore certain financial instruments are presented in the earliest period in which the Bank 
could be required to pay. On-demand deposits are presented in the earliest (within 3 month) period category, however based on Management’s discretion the Bank has appropriate liquidity 
reserves as maintenance and management of liquidity risk. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

359 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 36: 

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

36.2.   Maturity analysis of assets and liabilities and liquidity risk [continued] 

As at 31 December 2022 

Cash, amounts due from banks and balances with the National Bank of Hungary 
Placements with other banks 
Repo receivables 
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss 
Securities at fair value through other comprehensive income 
Securities at amortised cost 
Loans at amortised cost 
Loans mandatorily measured at fair value through profit or loss 
Investment properties 
Investments in subsidiaries, associates and other investments 
Other financial assets 
TOTAL ASSETS 
Amounts due to banks and deposits from the National Bank of Hungary and other banks  
Deposits from customers 
Repo liabilities  
Liabilities from issued securities 
Subordinated bonds and loans 
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss 
Leasing liabilities 
Other financial liabilities 
TOTAL LIABILITIES 
NET POSITION 
Receivables from derivative financial instruments classified as held for trading 
Liabilities from derivative financial instruments classified as held for trading 
Net position of derivative financial instruments classified as held for trading 
Receivables from derivative financial instruments designated as hedge accounting 
Liabilities from derivative financial instruments designated as hedge accounting 
Net position of derivative financial instruments designated as hedging accounting 
Net position of derivative financial instruments total 

Commitments to extend credit 
Confirmed letters of credit 
Factoring loan commitment 
Bank guarantees 
Off-balance sheet commitments 

Within 3 months 

Within one year and 
over 3 months 

Within 5 years and 
over one year 

Over 5 years 

 Without maturity 

Total 

1,093,551 
993,586 
248,696 
4,380 
118,490 
32,817 
1,413,038 
18,927 
- 
- 
260,924 
4,184,409 
839,590 
10,903,401 
134,894 
8,762 
3,395 
583 
1,049 
258,771 
12,150,445 
(7,966,036) 
8,478,109 
(8,693,889) 
(215,780) 
316,440 
(297,714) 
18,726 
(197,054) 

1,852,164 
12,376 
373,417 
84,327 
2,322,284 

- 
198,808 
- 
11,013 
157,390 
318,757 
1,040,150 
20,768 
- 
- 
1,228 
1,748,114 
164,140 
192,419 
3,343 
1,912 
- 
1,133 
4,895 
17,377 
385,219 
1,362,895 
1,788,941 
(1,814,992) 
(26,051) 
186,838 
(217,102) 
(30,264) 
(56,315) 

- 
- 
- 
216,572 
216,572 

- 
1,090,007 
- 
58,638 
398,959 
1,874,608 
1,436,743 
140,776 
- 
- 
- 
4,999,731 
654,843 
12,091 
270,129 
486,782 
- 
5,535 
25,857 
1,706 
1,456,943 
3,542,788 
511,637 
(524,167) 
(12,530) 
784,159 
(2,031,727) 
(1,247,568) 
(1,260,098) 

- 
- 
- 
405,546 
405,546 

- 
636,267 
- 
9,357 
223,210 
1,139,867 
975,208 
667,279 
- 
- 
- 
3,651,188 
111,406 
11,272 
- 
3,326 
291,801 
12,602 
9,663 
- 
440,070 
3,211,118 
179,092 
(176,944) 
2,148 
15,859 
(13,425) 
2,434 
4,582 

- 
- 
- 
1,167,378 
1,167,378 

- 
- 
- 
20,787 
122,241 
- 
- 
- 
4,207 
1,596,717 
- 
1,743,952 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
1,743,952 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

1,093,551 
2,918,668 
248,696 
104,175 
1,020,290 
3,366,049 
4,865,139 
847,750 
4,207 
1,596,717 
262,152 
16,327,394 
1,769,979 
11,119,183 
408,366 
500,782 
295,196 
19,853 
41,464 
277,854 
14,432,677 
1,894,717 
10,957,779 
(11,209,992) 
(252,213) 
1,303,296 
(2,559,968) 
(1,256,672) 
(1,508,885) 

1,852,164 
12,376 
373,417 
1,873,823 
4,111,780 

Analysis for net position of assets and liabilities are calculated in accordance with IFRS 7, therefore certain financial instruments are presented in the earliest period in which the Bank 
could be required to pay. On-demand deposits are presented in the earliest (within 3 month) period category, however based on Management’s discretion the Bank has appropriate liquidity 
reserves as maintenance and management of liquidity risk. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

360 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 36: 

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

36.3.  Net foreign currency position and foreign currency risk 
As at 31 December 2023 

Assets 
Liabilities 
Derivative financial 
instruments 
Net position 

As at 31 December 2022 

Assets 
Liabilities 
Derivative financial 
instruments 
Net position 

USD 

648,226 
(956,648) 

299,135 
(9,287) 

USD 
583,984 
(741,173) 

154,902 
(2,287) 

EUR 

CHF 

Others 

Total 

3,613,710 
(4,373,571) 

7,769 
(62,142) 

232,728 
(92,143) 

4,502,433 
(5,484,504) 

433,387 
(326,474) 

54,576 
203 

(137,542) 
3,043 

649,556 
(332,515) 

EUR 
3,681,519 
(3,992,404) 

CHF 
8,956 
(65,565) 

Others 
369,969 
(82,488) 

615,822 
304,937 

56,690 
81 

(285,615) 
1,866 

Total 
4,644,428 
(4,881,630) 

541,799 
304,597 

The  table  above  provides  an  analysis  of  the  Bank’s  main  foreign  currency  exposures.  The  remaining  foreign 
currencies are shown within ‘Others’. The Bank monitors its foreign exchange position for compliance with the 
regulatory requirements of the NBH and its own limit system established in respect of limits on open positions. 
The  measurement  of  the  Bank’s  open  its  currency  position  involves  monitoring  the  VaR  limit  on  the  foreign 
exchange exposure of the Bank.  

In the table Derivative financial instruments are stated at fair value. 

Interest rate risk management 

36.4. 
Interest rate risk is the risk that the value of a financial instrument will fluctuate due to changes in market interest 
rates. The length of time for which the rate of interest is fixed on a financial instrument, therefore, indicates to 
what extent it is exposed to interest rate risk.  

The majority of the Bank's interest bearing assets and liabilities are structured to match either short-term assets 
and short-term liabilities, or long-term assets and liabilities with repricing opportunities within one year, or long-
term assets and corresponding liabilities where repricing is performed simultaneously.  

In  addition,  the  significant  spread  existing  between  the  different  types  of  interest  bearing  assets  and  liabilities 
enables the Bank to benefit from a high level of flexibility in adjusting for its interest rate matching and interest 
rate risk exposure. 

The following table presents the interest repricing dates of the Bank. Variable yield assets and liabilities have been 
reported in accordance with their next repricing date. Fixed income assets and liabilities have been reported in 
accordance with their maturity.

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

361 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 36: 

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

36.4. 

Interest rate risk management [continued] 

31 December 2023 

ASSETS 

Cash,  amounts  due  from 
banks  and  balances 
the  National 
with 
Bank of Hungary 

fixed interest 
variable interest 
non-interest-bearing 
Placements  with  other 

banks 
fixed interest 
variable interest 
non-interest-bearing 
Repo receivables 
fixed interest 
variable interest 
Securities held for trading 
fixed interest 
variable interest 
non-interest-bearing 
Securities  mandatorily 
measured at fair value 
through profit or loss 

non-interest-bearing 
Securities  at  fair  value 
other 

through 
comprehensive 
income 
fixed interest 
variable interest 
non-interest-bearing 

within 1 month 

within 3 months over 1 
month 

within 1 year over 3 
months  

within 2 years over 1 
year 

over 2 years 

Non-interest -bearing 

Total 

HUF 

foreign 
currency 

HUF 

foreign 
currency 

HUF 

foreign 
currency 

HUF 

foreign 
currency 

HUF 

foreign 
currency 

HUF 

foreign 
currency 

HUF 

foreign 
currency 

Total 

2,180,950 
13,951 
2,166,999 
- 

338,152 
11,436 
326,716 
- 
201,658 
129,541 
72,117 
225 
- 
225 
- 

- 
- 

150,415 
19 
150,396 
- 

332,909 
332,909 
- 
- 

78,034 
4,556 
73,478 
- 
- 
- 
- 
5,515 
5,515 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

123,031 
63,267 
59,764 
- 
- 
- 
- 
625 
71 
554 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 

46 
44 
2 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

624,268 
1,928 
622,340 
- 
- 
- 
- 
6,253 
6,253 
- 
- 

- 
- 

351 
351 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

43,151 
29,036 
14,115 
- 
- 
- 
- 
1,240 
948 
292 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

143,091 
15,785 
127,306 
- 
- 
- 
- 
95 
95 
- 
- 

147,777 
147,777 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
2,293 
2,287 
6 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

9,564  1,036,999 
9,564  1,036,999 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
3,112 
3,112 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
844 
844 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

178,193 
- 
- 
178,193 

16,180  2,359,143 
- 
13,951 
-  2,166,999 
178,193 

16,180 

349,089  2,708,232 
346,860 
332,909 
-  2,166,999 
194,373 

16,180 

73,162 
73,162 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
6,769 
6,769 
- 
- 

68,897 
- 
- 
68,897 
- 
- 
- 
217 
- 
- 
217 

16,306  1,758,007 
-  1,288,515 
400,595 
- 
68,897 
16,306 
201,658 
- 
129,541 
- 
72,117 
- 
7,712 
616 
6,418 
- 
1,077 
- 
217 
616 

944,425  2,702,432 
104,995  1,393,510 
823,124  1,223,719 
85,203 
201,658 
129,541 
72,117 
27,804 
25,894 
1,077 
833 

16,306 
- 
- 
- 
20,092 
19,476 
- 
616 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

23,917 
23,917 

9,015 
9,015 

23,917 
23,917 

9,015 
9,015 

32,932 
32,932 

9,781 
9,781 
- 
- 

3,040 
3,040 
- 
- 

78,451 
78,451 
- 
- 

16,710 
16,710 
- 
- 

156,490 
156,490 
- 
- 

123,066 
123,066 
- 
- 

528 
- 
- 
528 

20,649 
- 
- 
20,649 

395,711 
244,785 
150,398 
528 

163,816 
143,167 
- 
20,649 

559,527 
387,952 
150,398 
21,177 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

362 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 36: 

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

36.4. 

Interest rate risk management [continued] 

31 December 2023 

ASSETS [continued] 

Loans  measured 

at 

amortised cost 

fixed interest 
variable interest 
non-interest-bearing 
Loans 

at 

mandatorily 
measured 
fair 
value  through  profit 
or loss 
variable interest 
Securities  at  amortised 

cost 
fixed interest 
variable interest 
Other financial assets  
non-interest-bearing 
Derivative 

financial 

instruments 

fixed interest 
variable interest 
non-interest-bearing 

within 1 month 

within 3 months over 1 
month 

within 1 year over 3 
months  

within 2 years over 1 year 

over 2 years 

Non-interest -bearing 

Total 

HUF 

foreign 
currency 

HUF 

foreign 
currency 

HUF 

foreign 
currency 

HUF 

foreign 
currency 

HUF 

foreign 
currency 

HUF 

foreign 
currency 

HUF 

foreign 
currency 

Total 

768,234 
26,634 
741,600 
- 

493,557 
1,520 
492,037 
- 

327,609 
14,684 
312,925 
- 

1,390,931 
304 
1,390,627 
- 

71,453 
62,798 
8,655 
- 

110,398 
4,198 
106,200 
- 

216,734 
215,943 
791 
- 

23,518 
23,518 
- 
- 

988,290 
981,880 
6,410 
- 

132,552 
132,552 
- 
- 

116,716 
- 
- 
116,716 

41,367  2,489,036  2,192,323  4,681,359 
-  1,301,939 
162,092  1,464,031 
-  1,070,381  1,988,864  3,059,245 
158,083 

116,716 

41,367 

41,367 

21,569 
21,569 

517 
517 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 

2,137 
2,137 
- 
- 
- 

19 
19 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 

181,484 
181,484 

4,623 
- 
4,623 
- 
- 

60,738 
60,738 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

751,222 
643,342 
107,880 
- 

2,070,427 
2,008,291 
62,136 
- 

961,287 
364,434 
596,853 
- 

1,413,811 
1,025,182 
388,629 
- 

481,235 
321,153 
160,082 
- 

724,587 
444,680 
279,907 
- 

221,779 
221,779 

415,720 
415,720 
- 
- 
- 

54,251 
54,251 
- 
- 

- 
- 

509,997 
509,997 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

934,848 
934,848 

- 
- 

934,848 
934,848 

31,462  1,478,085 
31,462  1,478,085 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

107,615 
107,375 
240 
- 

297,986 
297,986 
- 
- 

717,567 
717,567 
- 
- 
- 

230,493 
228,099 
2,394 
- 

- 
- 
- 
233,545 
233,545 

581,836 
- 
- 
581,836 

-  1,955,060 
-  1,955,060 
- 
- 
233,545 
64,940 
233,545 
64,940 

755,789  2,710,849 
751,166  2,706,226 
4,623 
298,485 
298,485 

4,623 
64,940 
64,940 

165,708  3,127,817  4,712,641  7,840,458 
-  1,681,166  3,813,627  5,494,793 
733,306  1,598,121 
- 
747,544 
165,708 
165,708 

864,815 
581,836 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

363 

 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 36: 

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

36.4. 

Interest rate risk management [continued] 

31 December 2023 

LIABILITIES 

Amounts  due  to  banks 
and deposits  with the 
National  Bank 
of 
Hungary  and  other 
banks 
fixed interest 
variable interest 
non-interest-bearing 
Financial 

liabilities 
designated 
to 
measure at  fair value 
through profit or loss 

fixed interest 
variable interest 
Repo liabilities 
fixed interest 
variable interest 
Deposits from customers 
fixed interest 
variable interest 
non-interest-bearing 
Liabilities 

from 

issued 

securities 

fixed interest 
variable interest 
Subordinated  bonds  and 

loans 
fixed interest 
variable interest 
Leasing liabilities  
fixed interest 
variable interest 
Other financial liabilities  
non-interest-bearing 
Derivative 

financial 

instruments 

fixed interest 
variable interest 
non-interest-bearing 

within 1 month 

within 3 months over 1 
month 

within 1 year over 3 
months  

within 2 years over 1 
year 

over 2 years 

Non-interest -bearing 

Total 

HUF 

foreign 
currency 

HUF 

foreign 
currency 

HUF 

foreign 
currency 

HUF 

foreign 
currency 

HUF 

foreign 
currency 

HUF 

foreign 
currency 

HUF 

foreign 
currency 

Total 

211,121 
170,042 
41,079 
- 

241,637 
11,432 
230,205 
- 

15,233 
15,232 
1 
- 

125,710 
268 
125,442 
- 

30,529 
30,481 
48 
- 

78,404 
78,399 
5 
- 

223,700 
223,700 
- 
- 

301,093 
301,093 
- 
- 

431,599 
431,599 
- 
- 

60,060 
60,060 
- 
- 

31,626 
- 
- 
31,626 

10,867 
- 
- 
10,867 

943,808 
871,054 
41,128 
31,626 

817,771  1,761,579 
451,252  1,322,306 
396,780 
355,652 
42,493 
10,867 

19,761 
- 
19,761 
95,146 
24,572 
70,574 
7,520,231 
1,068,482 
6,451,749 
- 

- 
- 
- 
101,665 
101,665 
- 
2,875,160 
935,571 
1,939,589 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
156,216 
156,216 
- 
- 

545 
206 
339 

- 
- 
- 
240 
186 
54 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

72,641 
72,083 
558 

- 
- 
- 
275 
108 
167 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
545 
378 
167 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
34,561 
34,561 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

89,381 
- 
89,381 
704 
219 
485 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
75,793 
75,793 
- 
- 

85,919 
85,919 
- 

1,886 
1,886 
- 
2,477 
1,725 
752 
- 
- 

1,858,423 
1,809,109 
49,314 
- 

981,110 
846,948 
134,162 
- 

524,302 
373,167 
151,135 
- 

1,863,222 
1,019,044 
844,178 
- 

442,891 
226,755 
216,136 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
37,149 
37,149 
- 
- 

13,320 
- 
13,320 

191,894 
- 
191,894 
3,484 
1,001 
2,483 
- 
- 

872,793 
499,824 
372,969 
- 

- 
- 
- 
195,405 
195,405 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

32,473 
32,473 
- 

1,863 
1,863 
- 
6,579 
4,695 
1,884 
- 
- 

59,172 
59,172 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
19,825 
19,825 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

157,095 
157,095 
- 

- 
- 
- 
8,424 
2,410 
6,014 
- 
- 

25 
25 
- 
- 
- 
- 
7 
7 
- 
- 

12,664 
12,664 
- 

9,270 
9,270 
- 
21,198 
12,574 
8,624 
- 
- 

111,527 
111,527 
- 
- 

197,826 
197,826 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
31,653 
31,653 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

788,452 
788,452 
- 

226,002 
226,002 
- 
24,356 
863 
23,493 
- 
- 

167,354 
167,354 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
19,872 
- 
- 
19,872 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
71,790 
71,790 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

19,786 
25 
19,761 
290,551 
219,977 
70,574 

- 
- 
- 
153,143 
153,143 
- 

19,786 
25 
19,761 
443,694 
373,120 
70,574 
15,336  7,772,119  2,962,206 10,734,325 
-  1,300,498  1,007,281  2,307,779 
-  6,451,749  1,939,589  8,391,338 
35,208 

15,336 

15,336 

19,872 

- 
- 
- 

204,242 
203,345 
897 

958,867  1,163,109 
945,547  1,148,892 
14,217 

13,320 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
170,431 
170,431 

13,019 
13,019 
- 
31,039 
19,558 
11,481 
71,790 
71,790 

507,277 
226,002 
281,275 
37,243 
4,601 
32,642 
170,431 
170,431 

520,296 
239,021 
281,275 
68,282 
24,159 
44,123 
242,221 
242,221 

491,972 
- 
- 
491,972 

262,427  3,574,586  4,258,433  7,833,019 
-  2,666,029  2,644,697  5,310,726 
416,585  1,351,309  1,767,894 
- 
754,399 
262,427 
491,972 
262,427 

NET POSITION 

(5,292,525) 

(1,217,268) 

643,680 

1,326,659 

209,587 

(215,833) 

617,813 

(408,251)  3,798,370 

(14,268) 

588,589 

(124,280) 

565,514  (653,241) 

(87,727) 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

364 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 36: 

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

36.4.  Interest rate risk management [continued] 

As at 31 December 2022 

ASSETS 

Cash,  amounts  due  from 
banks  and  balances 
with 
the  National 
Bank of Hungary 

fixed interest 
non-interest-bearing 
Placements  with  other 

banks 
fixed interest 
variable interest 
non-interest-bearing 
Repo receivables 
fixed interest 
variable interest 
Securities held for trading 
fixed interest 
variable interest 
non-interest-bearing 
Securities  mandatorily 
measured at fair value 
through profit or loss 

non-interest-bearing 
Securities  at  fair  value 
other 

through 
comprehensive 
income 
fixed interest 
variable interest 
non-interest-bearing 

within 1 month 

within 3 months over 1 
month 

within 1 year over 3 
months  

within 2 years over 1 year 

over 2 years 

Non-interest -bearing 

Total 

HUF 

foreign 
currency 

HUF 

foreign 
currency 

HUF 

foreign 
currency 

HUF 

foreign 
currency 

HUF 

foreign 
currency 

HUF 

foreign 
currency 

HUF 

foreign 
currency 

Total 

637,040 
637,040 
- 

665,056 
5,118 
659,938 
- 
246,529 
155,711 
90,818 
16 
1 
15 
- 

- 
- 

281,342 
45,688 
235,654 
- 

251,192 
251,192 
- 

153,142 
50,475 
102,667 
- 
- 
- 
- 
1,203 
1,203 
- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

130,299 
19,408 
110,891 
- 
- 
- 
- 
5,199 
1,009 
4,190 
- 

- 
- 

62,611 
62,610 
1 
- 

- 
- 
- 

461,042 
105,266 
355,776 
- 
- 
- 
- 
229 
229 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

74,287 
57,053 
17,234 
- 
- 
- 
- 
12,146 
3,775 
8,371 
- 

- 
- 
- 

208,087 
86,207 
121,880 
- 
- 
- 
- 
4,250 
4,250 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

98,606 
98,606 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
21,882 
21,882 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

-  1,012,903 
-  1,012,903 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
26,857 
1,049 
26,857 
1,049 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

183,139 
- 
183,139 

20,827 
- 
20,827 

820,179 
637,040 
183,139 

272,019  1,092,198 
888,232 
251,192 
203,966 
20,827 

36,780 
36,780 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
1,305 
1,305 
- 
- 

48,754 
- 
- 
48,754 
- 
- 
- 
123 
- 
- 
123 

10,873  2,029,905 
-  1,193,088 
788,063 
- 
48,754 
10,873 
246,529 
- 
155,711 
- 
90,818 
- 
66,223 
536 
53,524 
- 
12,576 
- 
123 
536 

869,924  2,899,829 
278,728  1,471,816 
580,323  1,368,386 
59,627 
246,529 
155,711 
90,818 
74,795 
61,560 
12,576 
659 

10,873 
- 
- 
- 
8,572 
8,036 
- 
536 

- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

21,124 
21,124 

9,374 
9,374 

21,124 
21,124 

9,374 
9,374 

30,498 
30,498 

112,239 
112,232 
7 
- 

41,000 
41,000 
- 
- 

13,691 
13,691 
- 
- 

3,850 
3,850 
- 
- 

194,931 
194,931 
- 
- 

69,589 
69,589 
- 
- 

528 
- 
- 
528 

17,394 
- 
- 
17,394 

665,342 
429,152 
235,662 
528 

131,833 
114,439 
- 
17,394 

797,175 
543,591 
235,662 
17,922 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

365 

 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 36: 

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

36.4. 

Interest rate risk management [continued] 

As at 31 December 2022 

ASSETS [continued] 

Loans  measured 

at 

amortised cost 

fixed interest 
variable interest 
non-interest-bearing 
Loans 

at 

mandatorily 
measured 
fair 
value  through  profit 
or loss 
variable interest 
Securities  at  amortised 

cost 
fixed interest 
variable interest 
Other financial assets  
non-interest-bearing 
Derivative 

financial 

instruments 

fixed interest 
variable interest 
non-interest-bearing 

within 1 month 

within 3 months over 1 
month 

within 1 year over 3 
months  

within 2 years over 1 year 

over 2 years 

Non-interest -bearing 

Total 

HUF 

foreign 
currency 

HUF 

foreign 
currency 

HUF 

foreign 
currency 

HUF 

foreign 
currency 

HUF 

foreign 
currency 

HUF 

foreign 
currency 

HUF 

foreign 
currency 

Total 

766,348 
12,400 
753,948 
- 

661,415 
2,313 
659,102 
- 

298,189 
10,673 
287,516 
- 

1,468,489 
2,338 
1,466,151 
- 

126,438 
114,941 
11,497 
- 

89,257 
8,718 
80,539 
- 

142,052 
141,272 
780 
- 

7,052 
7,052 
- 
- 

958,858 
951,725 
7,133 
- 

129,401 
129,401 
- 
- 

133,290 
- 
- 
133,290 

44,249  2,425,175  2,399,863  4,825,038 
-  1,231,011 
149,822  1,380,833 
-  1,060,874  2,205,792  3,266,666 
177,539 

133,290 

44,249 

44,249 

18,432 
18,432 

19,142 
- 
19,142 
- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

110 
110 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

5,072 
- 
5,072 
- 
- 

2,112,146 
1,991,112 
121,034 
- 

2,789,859 
2,722,206 
67,653 
- 

906,446 
428,080 
478,366 
- 

1,424,063 
878,305 
545,758 
- 

- 
- 

515 
515 

- 
- 

181,763 
181,763 

- 
- 

592,422 
592,422 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

793,242 
793,242 

- 
- 

793,242 
793,242 

179,968 
179,968 
- 
- 
- 

469,337 
262,461 
206,876 
- 

139,632 
139,632 
- 
- 
- 

545,207 
518,338 
26,869 
- 

271,024 
271,024 
- 
- 
- 

36,682 
36,682 
- 
- 

2,422  1,914,570 
2,422  1,914,570 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

35,935 
35,935 
- 
- 

183,664 
183,664 
- 
- 

750,543 
750,543 
- 
- 
- 

98,147 
98,147 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
200,781 
200,781 

194,741 
- 
- 
194,741 

-  2,384,704 
-  2,365,562 
19,142 
- 
200,781 
54,344 
200,781 
54,344 

897,669  3,282,373 
892,597  3,258,159 
24,214 
255,125 
255,125 

5,072 
54,344 
54,344 

604,648  3,903,016  5,497,859  9,400,875 
-  2,901,999  4,252,931  7,154,930 
640,280  1,446,556 
- 
799,389 
604,648 
604,648 

806,276 
194,741 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

366 

 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 36: 

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

36.4. 

Interest rate risk management [continued] 

As at 31 December 2022 

LIABILITIES 

Amounts  due  to  banks 
and deposits  with the 
National  Bank 
of 
Hungary  and  other 
banks 
fixed interest 
variable interest 
non-interest-bearing 
Financial 

liabilities 
designated 
to 
measure at  fair value 
through profit or loss 

fixed interest 
variable interest 
Repo liabilities 
fixed interest 
variable interest 
Deposits from customers 
fixed interest 
variable interest 
non-interest-bearing 
Liabilities 

from 

issued 

securities 

fixed interest 
variable interest 
Subordinated  bonds  and 

loans 
variable interest 
Leasing liabilities  
fixed interest 
variable interest 
Other financial liabilities  
non-interest-bearing 
Derivative 

financial 

instruments 

fixed interest 
variable interest 
non-interest-bearing 

within 1 month 

within 3 months over 1 
month 

within 1 year over 3 
months  

within 2 years over 1 
year 

over 2 years 

Non-interest -bearing 

Total 

HUF 

foreign 
currency 

HUF 

foreign 
currency 

HUF 

foreign 
currency 

HUF 

foreign 
currency 

HUF 

foreign 
currency 

HUF 

foreign 
currency 

HUF 

foreign 
currency 

Total 

229,856 
200,719 
29,137 
- 

385,369 
106,264 
279,105 
- 

37,293 
37,293 
- 
- 

40,697 
40,697 
- 
- 

129,475 
129,475 
- 
- 

8,214 
8,214 
- 
- 

71,538 
71,538 
- 
- 

315,766 
315,766 
- 
- 

397,820 
397,820 
- 
- 

32,570 
32,570 
- 
- 

81,759 
- 
- 
81,759 

5,771 
- 
- 
5,771 

947,741 
836,845 
29,137 
81,759 

788,387  1,736,128 
503,511  1,340,356 
308,242 
279,105 
87,530 
5,771 

16,576 
26 
16,550 
119,520 
29,144 
90,376 
7,563,627 
1,008,247 
6,555,380 
- 

- 
- 
- 
188,121 
4 
188,117 
2,887,850 
552,561 
2,335,289 
- 

1,878 
211 
1,667 

- 
- 
282 
229 
53 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
431 
41 
390 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
85,356 
85,356 
- 
302,491 
302,491 
- 
- 

1,215 
- 
1,215 

- 
- 
430 
326 
104 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
15,369 
15,369 
- 
190,393 
190,393 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

93,110 
93,110 
815 
83 
732 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
127,940 
127,940 
- 
- 

1,702 
1,702 
- 

- 
- 
1,990 
1,567 
423 
- 
- 

3,097,710 
3,012,679 
85,031 
- 

1,854,159 
1,709,457 
144,702 
- 

478,930 
331,253 
147,677 
- 

1,819,835 
972,597 
847,238 
- 

574,661 
216,895 
357,766 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
23,147 
23,147 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

201,076 
201,076 
2,781 
379 
2,402 
- 
- 

554,788 
532,485 
22,303 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

1,854 
1,854 
- 

- 
- 
5,436 
4,688 
748 
- 
- 

22,780 
22,758 
22 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
4,966 
1,004 
3,962 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
16 
16 
- 
- 

43,854 
43,854 
- 

- 
- 
15,365 
14,798 
567 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

448,206 
448,206 
- 

- 
- 
8,968 
267 
8,701 
- 
- 

36,706 
36,706 
- 
- 

118,071 
118,071 
- 
- 

114,115 
114,115 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
12,147 
- 
- 
12,147 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
220,129 
220,129 

245,955 
- 
- 
245,955 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

16,576 
26 
16,550 
204,876 
114,500 
90,376 

- 
- 
- 
203,490 
15,373 
188,117 

16,576 
26 
16,550 
408,366 
129,873 
278,493 
11,547  8,006,221  3,112,937 11,119,158 
-  1,438,694 
766,101  2,204,795 
-  6,555,380  2,335,289  8,890,669 
23,694 

11,547 

11,547 

12,147 

- 
- 
- 

50,503 
47,621 
2,882 

448,206 
448,206 
- 

498,709 
495,827 
2,882 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
38,344 
38,344 

- 
- 
23,503 
21,608 
1,895 
220,129 
220,129 

294,186 
294,186 
17,961 
1,774 
16,187 
38,344 
38,344 

294,186 
294,186 
41,464 
23,382 
18,082 
258,473 
258,473 

555,251  4,538,107  4,934,854  9,472,961 
-  3,701,656  3,365,360  7,067,016 
590,496  1,014,243  1,604,739 
- 
801,206 
555,251 
245,955 
555,251 

NET POSITION 

(6,283,398) 

(1,459,119) 

497,139 

1,198,676 

139,162 

237,427 

664,092 

(307,130)  4,309,079 

481,906 

222,490 

151,332  (451,436) 

303,092  (148,343) 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

367 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 36: 

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

36.5.  Market risk 

The Bank takes on exposure to market risks. Market risks arise from open positions in interest rate, currency and 
equity products, all of which are exposed to general and specific market movements. The Bank applies a Value-
at-Risk ("VaR") methodology to estimate  the  market risk of positions held and the maximum losses expected, 
based upon a number of assumptions for various changes in market conditions. The Management Board sets limits 
on the value of risk that may be accepted, which is monitored on a daily basis. (Analysis of liquidity risk, foreign 
currency risk and interest rate risk is detailed in Notes 36.2, 36.3 and 36.4 respectively.) 

36.5.1.  Market risk sensitivity analysis 

The VaR risk measure estimates the potential loss in pre-tax profit over a given holding period for a specified 
confidence  level.  The  VaR  methodology  is  a  statistically  defined,  probability-based  approach  that  takes  into 
account  market  volatilities  as  well  as  risk  diversification  by  recognizing  offsetting  positions  and  correlations 
between  products  and  markets.  Risks  can  be  measured  consistently  across  all  markets  and  products,  and  risk 
measures can be aggregated to arrive at a single risk number. The one-day 99% VaR number used by the Group 
reflects the 99% probability that the daily loss will not exceed the reported VaR. 

VaR methodologies are employed to calculate daily risk numbers include the historical and variance-covariance 
approach.  The  diversification  effect  has  not  been  validated  among  the  various  market  risk  types  when  capital 
calculation happens. In addition to these two methodologies, Monte Carlo simulations are applied to the various 
portfolios on a monthly basis to determine potential future exposure.  

The VaR of the trading portfolio can be summarized as follows (in HUF mn):    

Historical VaR (99%, one-day) by risk type 

Foreign exchange 
Interest rate 
Equity instruments 
Total VaR exposure 

Average Var 

2023 

2022 

11,181 
489 
18 
11,688 

6,820 
327 
42 
7,189 

The table above shows the VaR figures by asset classes. Since processes driving the value of the major asset classes 
are not independent (for example the depreciation of HUF against the EUR mostly coincide with the increase of 
the yields of Hungarian Government Bonds), a diversification impact emerges, so the overall VaR is less than the 
sum of the VaR of each individual asset class. 

While VaR captures the OTP’s daily exposure to currency and interest rate risk, sensitivity analysis evaluates the 
impact of a reasonably possible change in interest or foreign currency rates over a year. The longer time frame of 
sensitivity analysis complements VaR and helps the OTP to assess its market risk exposures. Details of sensitivity 
analysis for foreign currency risk are set out in Note 36.5.2., for interest rate risk in Note 36.5.3., and for equity 
price sensitivity analysis in Note 36.5.4. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

368 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 36: 

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

36.5.  Market risk [continued] 

36.5.2.  Foreign currency sensitivity analysis 

The following table shows the result of the foreign currency sensitivity analysis. The Group uses VaR calculation 
with 1 day holding period and a 99% confidence level. The VaR methodology is a statistically defined, probability-
based approach that takes into account market volatilities as well as risk diversification by recognizing offsetting 
positions and correlations between products and markets. The daily loss will not exceed the reported VaR number 
with 99% of probability. 

Probability 

Effects to the P&L in 3 months period 
2022 
2023 
In HUF billion 
In HUF billion 

1% 
5% 
25% 
50% 
25% 
5% 
1% 

(8,943) 
(4,784) 
(1,332) 
360 
1,790 
4,527 
6,321 

(4,582) 
(2,470) 
(786) 
14 
999 
2,700 
4,233 

Notes: 
(1) Historical VaR simulation is based on the empirical distribution of the historical exchange rate movements 
between 31 December 2023 and 31 December 2022. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

369 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 36: 

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

36.5.  Market risk [continued] 

36.5.3.  Interest rate sensitivity analysis 

The sensitivity analyses below have been determined based on the exposure to interest rates for both derivatives 
and non-derivative instruments at the balance sheet date. The analysis is prepared assuming the amount of assets 
and liabilities outstanding at the balance sheet date was outstanding for the whole year. The analysis was prepared 
by assuming only adverse interest rate changes. The main assumptions were as follows: 

● Floating rate  assets and liabilities were  repriced to the  modelled benchmark yields at the repricing dates 
assuming the unchanged margin compared to the last repricing. 
● Fixed rate assets and liabilities were repriced at the contractual maturity date.  
● As for liabilities with discretionary repricing feature by the Bank were assumed to be repriced with two-
weeks delay, assuming no change in the margin compared to the last repricing date. 
● Deposits with an interest rate lower than 0.3% even at high market rates were assumed to be unchanged for 
the whole period. 

The sensitivity of interest income to changes in BUBOR was analysed by assuming two interest rate path scenarios: 
(1)   (1) HUF base rate and BUBOR increases gradually by 500 bps over the next year (probable scenario) 
(2)   (2) HUF base rate and BUBOR increases gradually by 100 bps over the next year (alternative scenario) 

The  net  interest  income  in  a one  year  period  after  1  January  2024  would be  decreased by  HUF  6.355  million 
(probable scenario) and increased by HUF  999 million (alternative scenario) as a result of these simulation.The 
same  simulation  indicated  HUF  6.304  million  decrease  (probable  scenario)  and  HUF  3.058  million  increase 
(alternative scenario) in the Net interest income in a one year period after 1 January 2023. Besides the effect is 
further increased by capital gains HUF +429 million (for probable scenario), HUF  -104 million (for alternative 
scenario) as at 31 December 2023 and (HUF -350 million for scenario 1, HUF +181 million for scenario 2 as at 
31 December 2022) on the government bond portfolio held for hedging (economic).  
Furthermore, the effects of an instant 10bps parallel shift of the HUF, EUR and USD yield-curves on net interest 
income over a one-year period and on the market value of the hedge government bond portfolio booked against 
capital was analysed. The results can be summarized as follows (in HUF million): 

Description 

2023 

2022 

Effects to the 
net interest 
income (one-
year period) 

(426) 
425 
1,065 
(1,564) 
500 
(517) 
(941) 

Effects to 
shareholder’s 
equity 
(Price change 
of FVOCI 
government 
bonds) 
14 
(14) 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

Effects to 
the net 
interest 
income (one-
year period) 

1,105 
(1,105) 
(383) 
1,121 
935 
(1,106) 
(120) 

Effects to 
shareholder’s 
equity 
(Price change 
of FVOCI 
government 
bonds) 
36 
(36) 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

HUF (0.1%) parallel shift  
HUF 0.1% parallel shift  
EUR (0.1%) parallel shift  
EUR 0.1% parallel shift 
USD (0.1%) parallel shift  
USD 0.1% parallel shift  
Total 

36.5.4.  Equity price sensitivity analysis 

The following table shows the effect of the equity price sensitivity. The Bank uses VaR calculation with 1 day 
holding period and a 99% confidence level. The VaR methodology is a statistically defined, probability-based 
approach  that  takes  into  account  market  volatilities  as  well  as  risk  diversification  by  recognizing  offsetting 
positions and correlations between products and markets. The daily loss will not exceed the reported VaR number 
with 99% of probability.  
The stress test assumes the largest price movement of the last year and calculates with it as the adverse direction. 
These scenarios show the loss of the portfolio when all prices change with the maximum amount of the last year. 

Description 
VaR (99%, one day, million HUF) 
Stress test (million HUF) 

2023 
10 
(103) 

2022 
15 
(26) 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

370 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 36: 

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

36.6 

Capital management 

Capital management 

The  primary  objective  of  the  capital  management  of  the  Bank  is  to  ensure  the  prudent  operation,  the  entire 
compliance  with  the  prescriptions  of  the  regulator  for  a  persistent  business  operation  and  maximising  the 
shareholder value, accompanied by an optimal financing structure. 

The capital management of the Bank includes the management and evaluation of the shareholders` equity available 
for hedging risks, other types of funds to be recorded in the  equity and all material risks to be covered by the 
capital.  

The basis of the capital management of the Bank in the short run is the continuous monitoring of its capital position, 
in the long run the strategic and the business planning, which includes the monitoring and forecast of the capital 
position of the Bank.  

The Bank maintains the capital adequacy required by the regulatory bodies and the planned risk taking mainly by 
means of ensuring and developing its profitability. In case the planned risk level of the Bank exceeded its Core 
and Supplementary capital, the Bank ensures the prudent operation by occasional measures. A further tool in the 
capital management of the Bank is the dividend policy, and the transactions performed with the treasury shares. 

Capital adequacy85 

The Capital Requirements Directive package (CRDIV/CRR) transposes the global standards on banking regulation 
(commonly known as the Basel III agreement) into the EU legal framework. The rules are applied from 1 January 
2014. They set stronger prudential requirements for institutions, requiring them to keep sufficient capital reserves 
and liquidity. This framework makes institutions in the EU more solid and strengthens their capacity to adequately 
manage the risks linked to their activities, and absorb any losses they may incur in doing business.  

The Bank has entirely complied with the regulatory capital requirements in 2023 as well as in 2022. 

The Bank’s capital adequacy calculation is in line with IFRS and based on Basel III as at 31 December 2023 and 
31 December 2022. The Bank uses the standard method for determining the regulatory capital requirements of the 
credit risk and market risk while in case of the operational risk the Advanced Measurement Approach (AMA).  

Core capital (Tier 1) 
Primary core capital (CET1) 
Supplementary capital (Tier 2) 

Regulatory capital 

Credit risk capital requirement 
Market risk capital requirement 
Operational risk capital requirement 

Total eligible regulatory capital 
Surplus capital 
CET 1 ratio 
Capital adequacy ratio 

Basel III:  

Common equity Tier 1 capital (CET1):  

31 December 
2023 
Basel III 

31 December 
2022 
Basel III 

2,186,422 
2,186,422 
500,555 

1,632,037 
1,632,037 
286,181 

2,686,977 

1,918,218 

719,575 
27,799 
30,324 

777,698 
1,909,279 
22.49% 
27.64% 

742,536 
26,530 
31,440 

800,506 
1,117,712 
16.31% 
19.17% 

Issued capital, Capital reserve, useable part of Tied-up reserve, General reserve, Profit reserve, Profit for the year, 
Treasury shares, Intangible assets, deductions due to investments, adjustments due to temporary disposals 

Tier 2 capital:  

Subsidiary loan capital, Subordinated loan capital, deductions due to repurchased loan capital and Subordinated 
loan capital issued by the OTP Bank, adjustments due to temporary disposals.

85 The dividend amount planned to pay out / paid out is deducted from reserves. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

371 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 37: 

TRANSFER OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (in HUF mn) 

Financial assets transferred but not derecognised 

31 December 2023 

31 December 2022 

Transferred 
assets 

Associated 
liabilities 

Transferred 
assets 

Carrying amount 

Associated 
liabilities 

Financial assets at fair 
value through other 
comprehensive income 
Debt securities 

Total 
Financial assets at 
amortised cost 

Debt securities 

Total 
Total 

77,030 
77,030 

408,632 
408,632 
485,662 

75,812 
75,812 

367,883 
367,883 
443,695 

95,493 
95,493 

381,356 
381,356 
476,849 

95,900 
95,900 

312,466 
312,466 
408,366 

As at 31 December 2023 and 31 December 2022, the Bank had obligation from repurchase agreements about HUF 
444  billion  and  HUF  408  billion  respectively.  Securities  sold  temporarily  under  repurchase  agreements  will 
continue to be recognized in the Statement of Financial Position of the Bank in the appropriate securities category. 
The related liability is measured at amortized cost in the Statement of Financial Position as ’Amounts due to banks 
and  deposits  from  the  National  Bank  of  Hungary  and  other  banks’.  Under  these  repurchase  agreements  only 
Hungarian and foreign government bonds were transferred. 

NOTE 38: 

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ITEMS (in HUF mn) 

In the normal course of business, the Bank becomes a party to various financial transactions that are not reflected 
on the statement of financial position and are referred to as off-balance sheet financial instruments. The following 
represents notional amounts of these off-balance sheet financial instruments, unless stated otherwise. 

Contingent liabilities and commitments 

Loan commitments 
Guarantees arising from banking activities 
from  this:  Payment  undertaking  liabilities  (related  to  issue  of 
mortgage bonds) of OTP Mortgage Bank 
Factoring loan commitments 
Confirmed letters of credit 
Contingent  liabilities  and  commitments  total  in  accordance 
with IFRS 9 
Legal disputes (disputed value) 
Contingent liabilities related to payments from shares in venture 
capital fund 
Other 
Contingent  liabilities  and  commitments  total  in  accordance 
with IAS 37 
Total 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

1,987,539 
1,999,747 

1,177,213 
366,181 
8,626 

4,362,093 
4,586 

20,803 
19 

25,408 
4,387,501 

1,852,164 
1,873,824 

955,480 
373,417 
12,376 

4,111,781 
3,678 

28,614 
7 

32,299 
4,144,080 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

372 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 38: 

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ITEMS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

Legal disputes 

At the balance sheet date the Bank was involved in various claims and legal proceedings of a nature considered 
normal to its business. The level of these claims and legal proceedings corresponds to the level of claims and legal 
proceedings in previous years.  

The Bank believes that the various asserted claims and litigations in which it is involved will not materially affect 
its financial position, future operating results or cash flows, although no assurance can be given with respect to the 
ultimate outcome of any such claim or litigation.  

Provision due to legal disputes was HUF 1.931 million and HUF 1.917 million as at 31 December 2023 and 31 
December 2022, respectively. (See Note 24.) 

Commitments to extend credit, guarantees and letter of credit 

The primary purpose of these instruments is to ensure that funds are available to a customer as required. Guarantees 
and standby letters of credit, which represent irrevocable assurances that the Bank will make payments in the event 
that a customer cannot meet its obligations to third parties, carry the same credit risk as loans.  

Documentary and commercial letters of credit, which are written undertakings by the Bank on behalf of a customer 
authorising a third party to draw drafts on the Bank up to a stipulated amount under specific terms and conditions, 
are collateralised by the underlying shipments of goods to which they relate and therefore carry less risk than a 
direct borrowing.  

Commitments to extend credit represent unused portions of authorisations to extend credit in the form of loans, 
guarantees or letters of credit. With respect to credit risk on commitments to extend credit, the Bank is potentially 
exposed to loss in an amount equal to the total unused commitments. However, the likely amount of loss is less 
than  the  total  unused  commitments  since  most  commitments  to  extend  credit  are  contingent  upon  customers 
maintaining specific credit standards. 

Guarantees,  irrevocable  letters  of  credit  and  undrawn  loan  commitments  are  subject  to  similar  credit  risk 
monitoring and credit policies as  utilised in the extension of loans. The Management of the  Bank believes the 
market risk associated with guarantees, irrevocable letters of credit and undrawn loan commitments are minimal. 

Guarantees, payment undertakings arising from banking activities 

Payment undertaking is a promise by the Bank to assume responsibility for the  debt obligation of a borrower if 
that  borrower defaults  until  a  determined  amount  and until  a  determined  date,  in  case  of  fulfilling  conditions, 
without checking the underlying transactions. The guarantee’s liability is joint and primary with the principal, in 
case of payment undertaking, while the Bank assumes the obligation derived from guarantee independently by the 
conditions established by the Bank. A guarantee is most typically required when the ability of the primary obligor 
or  principal to perform its obligations under a  contract is in question, or when there is some  public or private 
interest which requires protection from the consequences of the principal's default or delinquency.  

Contingent liabilities related to OTP Mortgage Bank Ltd. 

Under  a  syndication  agreement  with  its  wholly  owned  subsidiary,  OTP  Mortgage  Bank  Ltd.,  the  Bank  had 
guaranteed, in return for an annual fee, to purchase all mortgage  loans held by OTP Mortgage Bank Ltd. that 
become non-performing. According to the arrangement the repurchase guarantee was cancelled and OTP Bank 
Plc. gives bail to the loans originated or purchased by the Bank. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

373 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 39: 

SHARE-BASED PAYMENT AND EMPLOYEE BENEFIT (in HUF mn) 

Previously approved option program required a modification thanks to the introduction of the Bank Group Policy 
on Payments accepted in resolution of Annual General Meeting regarding to the amendment of CRD III. Directives 
and Act on Credit Institutions and Financial Enterprises. 

Key  management  personnel  affected  by  the  Bank  Group  Policy  receive  compensation  based  on  performance 
assessment generally in the form of cash bonus and equity shares in a ratio of 50-50%. Assignment is based on 
OTP  shares,  furthermore  performance  based  payments  are  deferred  in  accordance  with  the  rules  of  Credit 
Institutions Act.  

OTP Bank ensures the share-based payment part for the management personnel of OTP Group members. 

During implementation of the Remuneration Policy of the Group it became apparent that in case of certain foreign 
subsidiaries it is not possible to ensure the originally determined share-based payment because of legal reasons – 
incompatible with relevant EU-directives –, therefore a decision was made to cancel the share-based payment in 
affected countries, and virtual share based payment – cash payment fixed to share price - was made from 2017. In 
case  of foreign subsidiaries virtual share  based payment was made uniformly from 2021 (in case of payments 
related to 2021). 

The quantity of usable shares for individuals calculated for settlement of share-based payment shall be determined 
as the ratio of the amount of share-based payment and share price determined by Supervisory Board. 

The value of the share-based payment at the performance assessment is determined within 10 days by Supervisory 
Board based on the average of the three previous trade day’s middle rate of OTP Bank’s equity shares fixed on the 
Budapest Stock Exchange. 

At the same time the conditions of discounted share-based payment are determined, and share-based payment shall 
contain maximum HUF 6,000 discount at the assessment date, and earnings for the shares at the payment date is 
maximum HUF 12,000. 

Employee benefits are all forms of consideration given by an entity in exchange for service rendered by employees 
or for the termination of employment. IAS 19 Employee Benefits shall be applied in accounting for all employee 
benefits, except those to which IFRS 2 Share-based Payment applies. 

Short-term employee benefits are employee benefits (other than termination benefits) that are expected to be settled 
wholly before twelve months after the end of the annual reporting period in which the employees render the related 
service.  Post-employment  benefits  are  employee  benefits  (other  than  termination  and  short-term  employee 
benefits)  that  are  payable  after  the  completion  of  employment.  Post-employment  benefit  plans  are  formal  or 
informal arrangements under which an entity provides post-employment benefits for one or more employees. Post-
employment benefit plans are classified as either defined contribution plans or defined benefit plans, depending 
on the economic substance of the plan as derived from its principal terms and conditions. 

Termination  benefits  are  employee  benefits  provided  in  exchange  for  the  termination  of  an  employee’s 
employment as a result of either: an entity’s decision to terminate an employee’s employment before the normal 
retirement  date  or  an  employee’s  decision  to  accept  an  offer  of  benefits  in  exchange  for  the  termination  of 
employment.  Other  long-term  employee  benefits  are  all  employee  benefits  other  than  short-term  employee 
benefits, postemployment benefits and termination benefits. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

374 

 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 39: 

SHARE-BASED PAYMENT AND EMPLOYEE BENEFIT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

The  parameters  for  the  share-based  payment  relating  to  ongoing  years  2018-2022  for  periods  of  each  year  as 
follows: 

Share purchasing at a 
discounted price 

Year 

Exercise 
price 

Maximum 
earnings per 
share 

Price of 
remuneration 
exchanged to 
share 

Share purchasing at a 
discounted price 

Exercise 
price 

Maximum 
earnings per 
share 

Price of 
remuneration 
exchanged to 
share 

Share purchasing at a 
discounted price 

Exercise 
price 

Maximum 
earnings per 
share 

Price of 
remuneration 
exchanged to 
share 

for the year 2018 
4,000 
4,000 
4,000 
4,000 
4,000 
4,000 
4,000 
- 
- 

12,413 
12,413 
12,413 
12,413 
12,413 
12,413 
12,413 
- 
- 

10,413 
10,413 
10,413 
10,913 
10,913 
10,913 
10,913 
- 
- 

2019 
2020 
2021 
2022 
2023 
2024 
2025 
2026 
2027 

- 
9,553 
9,553 
9,553 
9,553 
9,553 
9,553 
9,553 
- 

HUF per share 
for the year 2019 

for the year 2020 

- 
4,000 
4,000 
4,000 
4,000 
4,000 
4,000 
4,000 
- 

- 
11,553 
11,553 
11,553 
11,553 
11,553 
11,553 
11,553 
- 

- 
- 
12,644 
12,644 
13,644 
13,644 
13,644 
13,644 
13,644 

- 
- 
9,000 
8,000 
8,000 
8,000 
8,000 
8,000 
8,000 

- 
- 
16,644 
16,644 
16,644 
16,644 
16,644 
16,644 
16,644 

Share purchasing at a discounted price  Price of remuneration 
exchanged to share 

Share purchasing at a discounted price  Price of remuneration 
exchanged to share 

Year 

Exercise price 

Maximum earnings 
per share 

Exercise price 

Maximum earnings 
per share 

for the year 2021 

for the year 2022 

HUF per share 

2022 
2023 
2024 
2025 
2026 
2027 
2028 
2029 

5,912 
6,912 
6,912 
6,912 
6,912 
6,912 
6,912 
- 

6,000 
7,000 
8,000 
9,000 
10,000 
10,000 
10,000 
- 

8,912 
8,912 
8,912 
8,912 
8,912 
8,912 
8,912 
- 

- 
7,773 
8,773 
8,773 
8,773 
8,773 
8,773 
8,773 

- 
6,000 
7,000 
8,000 
9,000 
10,000 
10,000 
10,000 

- 
10,773 
10,773 
10,773 
10,773 
10,773 
10,773 
10,773 

Relevant factors considered during measurement of fair value related to share-based payment as follows: 

Year 

2017 
2018 
2019 
2020 
2021 
2022 
2023 

Reference 
price 

Assumed 
volatility 

9,200 
10,064 
12,413 
11,553 
16,644 
8,912 
10,773 

21.3% 
26.0% 
19.2% 
33.6% 
28.6% 
42.6% 
33.3% 

1Y 
0.1% 
0.2% 
0.2% 
0.6% 
1.0% 
7.1% 
13.2% 

Risk-free interest rate (HUF) 
4Y 
1.0% 
1.3% 
1.1% 
0.6% 
1.9% 
7.3% 
7.7% 

5Y 
1.3% 
1.6% 
1.3% 
0.8% 
2.0% 
7.1% 
7.3% 

3Y 
0.7% 
1.0% 
0.9% 
0.5% 
1.8% 
7.6% 
8.2% 

2Y 
0.5% 
0.6% 
0.7% 
0.4% 
1.6% 
7.9% 
9.2% 

6Y 
1.3% 
1.9% 
1.4% 
0.9% 
2.1% 
7.0% 
7.1% 

7Y 
1.3% 
2.1% 
1.6% 
1.0% 
2.1% 
6.9% 
6.9% 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

375 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 39: 

SHARE-BASED PAYMENT AND EMPLOYEE BENEFIT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

Relevant  factors  considered  during  measurement  of  fair  value  related  to  share-based  payment  as  follows: 
[continued] 

Év 

2017 
2018 
2019 
2020 
2021 
2022 
2023 

1Y 

219 
219 
252 
219 
371 
452 
300 

Expected dividends (HUF/Share) 
6Y 
4Y 
2Y 

3Y 

5Y 

219 
219 
290 
252 
321 
497 
330 

252 
219 
333 
290 
357 
547 
363 

290 
219 
383 
333 
393 
601 
399 

334 
219 
440 
383 
432 
661 
439 

384 
219 
507 
440 
475 
728 
483 

Pricing 
model 

7Y 

442  Binomial 
219  Binomial 
583  Binomial 
507  Binomial 
523  Binomial 
800  Binomial 
531  Binomial 

Based on parameters accepted by Supervisory Board, relating to the year 2018 effective pieces are follows As at 
31 December 2023: 

Approved 
pieces of 
shares 

Exercised until 
31 December 
2023 

Weighted 
average share 
price at the 
date of 
exercise (in 
HUF) 

Expired 
pieces  

Exercisable 
at 31 
December 
2023 

Share-purchasing period started in 2019 
Remuneration exchanged to share provided in 2019 
Share-purchasing period starting in 2020 
Remuneration exchanged to share applying in 2020 
Share-purchasing period starting in 2021 
Remuneration exchanged to share applying in 2021 
Share-purchasing period starting in 2022 
Remuneration exchanged to share applying in 2022 
Share-purchasing period starting in 2023 
Remuneration exchanged to share applying in 2023 
Remuneration exchanged to share applying in 2024 
Remuneration exchanged to share applying in 2025 

82,854 
17,017 
150,230 
33,024 
73,799 
14,618 
86,456 
13,858 
45,155 
3,217 
- 
- 

82,854 
17,017 
150,230 
33,024 
73,799 
14,618 
77,425 
13,858 
45,155 
3,217 
- 
- 

13,843 
11,829 
14,294 
11,897 
16,314 
16,468 
14,605 
8,529 
14,736 
11,820 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
9,031 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
864 
432 

Based on parameters accepted by Supervisory Board, relating to the year 2019 effective pieces are follows As at 31 
December 2023: 

Approved 
pieces of shares 

Exercised until 
31 December 
2023 

Weighted 
average share 
price at the 
date of exercise 
(in HUF) 

Expired pieces  

Exercisable at 
31 December 
2023 

to 

to 

to 

share 

exchanged 

exchanged 

exchanged 

Share-purchasing period started in 2020 
Remuneration 
provided in 2020 
Share-purchasing period starting in 2021 
Remuneration 
share 
applying in 2021 
Share-purchasing period starting in 2022 
share 
Remuneration 
applying in 2022 
Share-purchasing period starting in 2023 
Remuneration 
share 
applying in 2023 
Share-purchasing period starting in 2024 
Remuneration 
share 
applying in 2024 
Remuneration 
applying in 2025 
Remuneration 
applying in 2026 

exchanged 

exchanged 

exchanged 

exchanged 

share 

share 

to 

to 

to 

to 

91,403 

22,806 

201,273 

30,834 

107,760 

10,564 

117,437 

13,427 

- 

- 

- 

- 

91,403 

22,806 

201,273 

30,834 

101,897 

10,564 

114,063 

13,427 

- 

- 

- 

- 

12,218 

11,897 

16,298 

17,618 

13,771 

8,529 

13,893 

11,674 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1,344 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

4,519 

- 

3,374 

- 

44,421 

6,279 

1,000 

500 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

376 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 39: 

SHARE-BASED PAYMENT AND EMPLOYEE BENEFIT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

Based on parameters accepted by Supervisory Board, relating to the year 2020 effective pieces are follows As at 
31 December 2023: 

Approved 
pieces of shares 

Exercised until 
31 December 
2023 

Weighted 
average share 
price at the 
date of exercise 
(in HUF) 

Expired pieces  

Exercisable at 
31 December 
2023 

Share-purchasing  period  started  in 
2021 
Remuneration  exchanged  to  share 
provided in 2021 
Share-purchasing  period  starting  in 
2022 
Remuneration  exchanged  to  share 
applying in 2022 
Share-purchasing  period  starting  in 
2023 
Remuneration  exchanged  to  share 
applying in 2023 
Share-purchasing  period  starting  in 
2024 
Remuneration  exchanged  to  share 
applying in 2024 
Share-purchasing  period  starting  in 
2025 
Remuneration  exchanged  to  share 
applying in 2025 
Remuneration  exchanged  to  share 
applying in 2026 
Remuneration  exchanged  to  share 
applying in 2027 

41,098 

17,881 

83,688 

15,232 

47,275 

14,142 

17,881 

17,997 

17,498 

26,956 

- 

- 

- 

3,536 

14,193 

1,288 

78,864 

15,111 

8,529 

121 

- 

- 

- 

8,562 

8,562 

11,659 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

47,275 

- 

51,002 

9,518 

13,080 

3,443 

680 

680 

Based on parameters accepted by Supervisory Board, relating to the year 2021 effective pieces are follows As at 
31 December 2023: 

Approved 
pieces of shares 

Exercised until 
31 December 
2023 

Weighted 
average share 
price at the 
date of exercise 
(in HUF) 

Expired 
pieces  

Exercisable at 
31 December 
2023 

Share-purchasing period started in 2022 
Remuneration exchanged to share provided 
in 2022 
Share-purchasing period starting in 2023 
Remuneration exchanged to share applying 
in 2023 
Share-purchasing period starting in 2024 
Remuneration exchanged to share applying 
in 2024 
Share-purchasing period starting in 2025 
Remuneration exchanged to share applying 
in 2025 
Share-purchasing period starting in 2026 
Remuneration exchanged to share applying 
in 2026 
Share-purchasing period starting in 2027 
Remuneration exchanged to share applying 
in 2027 

60,018 

11,028 

59,776 

11,028 

117,276 

117,276 

10,824 

10,824 

10,122 

8,691 

13,672 

11,534 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

242 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

50,771 

4,942 

54,262 

4,942 

58,155 

4,942 

25,305 

631 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

377 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 39: 

SHARE-BASED PAYMENT AND EMPLOYEE BENEFIT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

Based on parameters accepted by Supervisory Board, relating to the year 2022 effective pieces are follows As at 
31 December 2023: 

Approved 
pieces of shares 

Exercised until 
31 December 
2023 

Weighted 
average share 
price at the 
date of exercise 
(in HUF) 

Expired 
pieces  

Exercisable at 
31 December 
2023 

Share-purchasing period started in 2023 
Remuneration  exchanged  to  share  provided 
in 2023 
Share-purchasing period starting in 2024 
Remuneration  exchanged  to  share  applying 
in 2024 
Share-purchasing period starting in 2025 
Remuneration  exchanged  to  share  applying 
in 2025 
Share-purchasing period starting in 2026 
Remuneration  exchanged  to  share  applying 
in 2026 
Share-purchasing period starting in 2027 
Remuneration  exchanged  to  share  applying 
in 2027 
Share-purchasing period starting in 2028 
Remuneration  exchanged  to  share  applying 
in 2028 

57,412 

8,726 

57,364 

8,590 

13,484 

11,629 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

48 

136 

103,450 

8,494 

42,814 

3,993 

43,714 

3,993 

44,701 

3,993 

19,756 

- 

Effective pieces relating to the periods starting in 2024-2028 settled during valuation of performance of year 2019-
2022, can be modified based on risk assessment and personal changes. 

In connection with the share-based compensation for Board of Directors and connecting compensation, shares 
given as a part of payments detailed above and for the year 2023 based on performance assessment accounted as 
equity-settled  share  based  transactions  HUF  3,292  million  was  recognized  as  expense  for  the  year  ended  31 
December 2023. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

378 

 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 40: 

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (in HUF mn) 

Outstanding balances and transactions with related parties are summarized below in aggregate: 

Statement of financial position 

31 December 2023 
Associated 
companies and 
other 
companies 

Other 
related 
parties 

31 December 2022 
Associated 
companies and 
other 
companies 

Other 
related 
parties 

Cash,  amounts  due  from  banks  and 
balances  with  the  National  Bank  of 
Hungary 

Placements with other banks 
Repo receivables 
Held for trading securities 
Held  for  trading  derivative  financial 

instruments: 

Financial  assets  at  fair  value  through 

other comprehensive income 

Securities at amortised cost 
Loans at amortised cost 
Loans mandatorily measured at fair value 

through profit or loss 

Right of use assets 
Derivative financial assets designated as 

hedge accounting relationships 

Other assets 
Total Assets 

Amounts due to banks and deposits from 
the  National  Bank  of  Hungary  and 
other banks  
Repo liabilities 
Deposits from customers 
Leasing liabilities 
Liabilities from issued securities 
Derivative financial liabilities designated 

as held for trading 

Derivative financial liabilities designated 
as hedge accounting relationships 

Other liabilities 
Total Liabilities 

Off balance sheet items 

Guarantees 
Loan commitments 
Factoring loan commitments 
Total 

11,568 
2,202,179 
183,394 
16 

43,808 

273,400 
- 
979,319 

- 
25,972 

1,345 
173,687 
3,894,688 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
609 
56,353 

42 
- 

- 
280 
57,284 

(998,512) 
(317,457) 
(300,557) 
(26,948) 
(11,133) 

- 
- 
(78,840) 
- 
- 

83,713 
2,019,597 
205,520 
11 

55,989 

302,121 
- 
997,027 

- 
21,615 

1,625 
136,361 
3,823,579 

(863,748) 
(191,102) 
(271,214) 
(22,129) 
(11,093) 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
601 
65,767 

44 
- 

- 
375 
66,787 

- 
- 
(58,217) 
- 
- 

(24,137) 

- 

(40,225) 

- 

(898) 
(14,681) 
(1,694,323) 

- 
- 
(78,840) 

- 
(14,836) 
(1,414,347) 

- 
(491) 
(58,708) 

(1,324,353) 
(59,569) 
(1,094) 
(1,385,016) 

(10,209) 
(49,294) 
(2,977) 
(62,480) 

(1,208,669) 
(72,161) 
(1,085) 
(1,281,915) 

(7,824) 
(43,324) 
(8,763) 
(59,911) 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

379 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 40: 

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

Outstanding balances and transactions with related parties are summarized below in aggregate: [continued] 

Statement of Profit or Loss 

Interest Income 
Interest Expense 
Risk cost 
(Losses)/Gains  arising  from  derecognition  of  financial  assets 

measured at amortised cost 
Income from fees and commissions 
Expenses from fees and commissions 
Other administrative expenses 

Related party transactions with key management 

Year ended 31 
December 2023 

Year ended 31 
December 2022 

419,368 
(291,054) 
20,067 

968 
35,577 
(3,599) 
(11,778) 

181,369 
(93,185) 
70,147 

(49,745) 
18,742 
(3,038) 
(9,761) 

The  compensation  of  key  management,  such  as  the  members  of  the  Board  of  Directors,  the  members  of  the 
Supervisory  Board  and  the  employees  involved  in  the  decision-making  process  in  accordance  with  the 
compensation categories defined in IAS 24 Related Party Disclosures, is summarised below: 

Short-term employee benefits 
Share-based payment 
Long-term employee benefits (on the basis of IAS 19) 
Total 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

3,379 
1,732 
320 
5,431 

2,986 
2,225 
239 
5,450 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

Loans provided to companies owned by the Management (in the 
normal course of business) 
Commitments to extend credit and bank guarantees 

56,353 
62,480 

65,767 
59,911 

An analysis of payment to Executives related to their activity in Board of Directors and Supervisory Board 
is as follows (in HUF mn): 

Members of Board of Directors 
Members of Supervisory Board 
Total 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

1,283 
225 
1,508 

1,180 
198 
1,378 

In the normal course of business, OTP Bank enters into other transactions with its subsidiaries, the amounts and 
volumes of which are not significant to these financial statements taken as a whole. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

380 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 41: 

TRUST ACTIVITIES (in HUF mn) 

The Bank acts as a trustee for certain loans granted by companies or employers to their employees, mainly for 
housing purposes. The ultimate risk for these loans rests with the party advancing the funds. As these loans and 
related  funds  are  not  considered  to  be  assets  or  liabilities  of  the  Bank,  they  have  been  excluded  from  the 
accompanying separate statement of financial position.  

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

Loans managed by the Bank as a trustee 

26,851 

27,914 

NOTE 42: 

CONCENTRATION OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

In the percentage of the total assets 
Receivables  from,  or  securities 

Government or the NBH 

issued  by 

the  Hungarian 

Securities issued by the OTP Mortgage Bank Ltd. 
Loans at amortised cost 

27.39% 
1.54% 
5.29% 

23.58% 
2.30% 
5.26% 

There were no other significant concentrations of the assets or liabilities of the Bank as at 31 December 2023 or 
31 December 2022. 

OTP Bank continuously provides the Authority with reports on the extent of dependency on large depositors as 
well as the exposure of the largest 50 depositors towards OTP Bank. Further to this obligatory reporting to the 
Authority. OTP Bank pays particular attention on the exposure of its largest partners and cares for maintaining a 
closer relationship with these partners in order to secure the stability of the level of deposits. 

The  organisational  unit  of  OTP  Bank  in  charge  of  partner-risk  management  analyses  the  largest  partners  on  a 
constant basis and sets limits on OTP Bank’s and the Group’s exposure separately partner-by-partner. If necessary, 
it  modifies partner-limits  in  due  course  thereby  reducing  the  room for  manoeuvring  of  the  Treasury  and  other 
business areas.  

The  Bank’s  internal  regulation  (Limit-management  regulation)  controls  risk  management  which  related  to 
exposures of clients. Bank makes a difference between clients or clients who are economically connected with 
each other, partners, partners operating in the same geographical region or in the same economic sector, exposures 
from customers. Limit-management regulation includes a specific range provisions system used by Bank to control 
risk exposures. This regulation has to be used by the Bank for its business (lending) risk-taking activity in both the 
retail and corporate sector. 

To specify credit risk limits, the Bank strives their clients get an acceptable margin of risk based on their financial 
situation. In the Bank limit system a lower level decision-making delegation has to be provided.  

If an OTP group member takes risk against a client or group of clients (either inside the local economy or outside), 
the client will be qualified as a group level risk and these limits will be specified at group level. 

The validity period of this policy is 12 months. The limit shall be reviewed prior to the expiry date but at least 
once a year based on the relevant information required to limit calculations. 

The maximum credit exposure to any client or counterparty among Loans at amortised cost was HUF 813 billion 
and HUF 929 billion as at 31 December 2023 and 31 December 2022 respectively, before taking into account 
collateral or other credit enhancements. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

381 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 43: 

EARNINGS PER SHARE 

Earnings per share attributable to the Bank’s ordinary shares are determined by dividing Net profit for the year 
attributable to ordinary shareholders, after the deduction of declared preference dividends, by the weighted average 
number of ordinary shares outstanding during the year. Dilutive potential ordinary shares are deemed to have been 
converted into ordinary shares. 

Net  profit  for  the  year  attributable  to  ordinary  shareholders  (in 

HUF mn) 

Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during 

the year for calculating basic EPS (number of share) 

Basic Earnings per share (in HUF) 
Separate  net  profit  for 

the  year  attributable 

to  ordinary 

shareholders (in HUF mn) 

Modified weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding 
during the year for calculating diluted EPS (number of share) 

Diluted Earnings per share (in HUF) 

Weighted average number of ordinary shares  
Average number of Treasury shares 
Weighted  average  number  of  ordinary  shares  outstanding 

31 December 
2023 

31 December 
2022 

654,988 

6,632 

279,485,921 
2,344 

278,795,018 
24 

654,988 

6,632 

279,490,541 
2,344 

278,797,915 
24 

2023 

2022 

280,000,010 
(514,089) 

280,000,010 
(1,204,992) 

during the year for calculating basic EPS  

279,485,921 

278,795,018 

Dilutive  effect  of  options  issued  in  accordance  with  the 
Remuneration  Policy  /  Management  Option  Program  and 
convertible into ordinary shares 

The  modified  weighted  average  number  of  ordinary  shares 
outstanding during the year for calculating diluted EPS 

4,620 

2,896 

279,490,541 

278,797,914 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

382 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 44: 

NET GAIN OR LOSS REALISED ON FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (in HUF mn) 

Year ended 31 December 2023 

Net interest income 
and expense 

Net non-interest 
gain and loss 

Loss 
allowance 

Other 
comprehensive 
income 

Financial  assets  measured  at  amortised 

cost 

Cash, amounts due from banks and balances 

with the National Bank of Hungary 

Placements with other banks 
Repo receivables 
Loans 
Securities at amortised cost 
Financial  assets  measured  at  amortised 

338,840 
206,280 
37,435 
457,471 
129,054 

- 
- 
- 
12,668 
(19,400) 

- 
(12,358) 
(1,800) 
5,542 
(8,576) 

cost total 

1,169,080 

(6,732) 

(17,192) 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 

1,168 

10,511 

- 

50,838 

- 

510 

254 

51,132 

95,711 

(3,303) 

37,917 

- 

980 

3,308 

- 

103,138 

106,986 

(2,323) 

41,225 

Financial assets measured at fair value 
Securities held for trading 
Debt instruments at fair value through other 

comprehensive income 

Equity instruments at fair value through other 

comprehensive income 

Loans  mandatorily  measured  at  fair  value 

through profit or loss 

Financial  assets  measured  at  fair  value 

total 

Financial liabilities measured at amortised 

cost 

Amounts due to banks and deposits from the 
National  Bank  of  Hungary  and  other 
banks  
Repo liabilities 
Deposits from customers 
Leasing liabilities 
Liabilities from issued securities 
Subordinated bonds and loans 
Financial liabilities measured at amortised 

(94,942) 
(202,137) 
(336,118) 
(2,314) 
(58,495) 
(29,893) 

- 
- 
233,243 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 

- 

cost total 

(723,899) 

233,243 

Financial liabilities designated to measure 
at fair value through profit or loss 

(1,433) 

(4,542) 

Derivative financial instruments 

(78,871) 

13,055 

Total 

468,015 

342,010 

(19,515) 

41,225 

Current year change of derivative financial assets and liabilities held-for-trading and designated as hedge 
accounting by types of results in the profit or loss for the year ended 31 December 2023 

Balance as at 1 January 
Change in current period 
on interest income/interest expense 
on net results on derivative instruments and hedge relationships 
on revaluation difference 
Realized result on closed deals /matured deals 
Closing balance 

Held-for-trading 
(68,682) 

88,973 
4,524 
(4,263) 
(7,318) 
13,234 

Hedge 
accounting 

(3,403) 

(1,161) 
(27,167) 
15,273 
10,663 
(5,795) 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

383 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 44: 

NET GAIN OR LOSS REALISED ON FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS  
(in HUF mn) [continued] 

Year ended 31 December 2022 

Net interest 
income and 
expense 

Net non-interest 
gain and loss 

Loss 
allowance 

Other 
comprehensive 
income 

Financial assets measured at amortised cost 
Cash,  amounts  due  from  banks  and  balances 

with the National Bank of Hungary 

Placements with other banks 
Repo receivables 
Loans 
Securities at amortised cost 
Financial assets measured at amortised cost 

50,964 
203,618 
10,234 
297,460 
92,948 

- 
- 
- 
11,643 
(54,402) 

- 
11,754 
2,095 
33,838 
27,623 

total 

655,224 

(42,759) 

75,310 

Financial assets measured at fair value 
Securities held for trading 
Debt  instruments  at  fair  value  through  other 

3,556 

6,480 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 

comprehensive income 

39,988 

(7,952) 

25,615 

(55,804) 

- 

207 

- 

2,736 

35,927 
79,471 

(20,188) 
(21,453) 

(11,872) 
13,743 

- 
(53,068) 

Equity instruments at fair value through other 

comprehensive income 

Loans  mandatorily  measured  at  fair  value 

through profit or loss 

Financial assets measured at fair value total 

Financial liabilities measured at amortised 

cost 

Amounts due to banks and deposits from the 
National Bank of Hungary and other banks  

Repo liabilities 
Deposits from customers 
Leasing liabilities 
Liabilities from issued securities 
Subordinated bonds and loans 
Financial liabilities measured at amortised 

(19,806) 
(65,575) 
(184,713) 
(1,186) 
(7,442) 
(8,646) 

- 
- 
213,359 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 

- 

cost total 

(287,368) 

213,359 

Financial  liabilities  designated  to  measure 

at fair value through profit or loss 

Derivative financial instruments 

(562) 

(146,192) 

1,932 

9,917 

Total 

300,573 

160,996 

89,053 

(53,068) 

Current year change of derivative financial assets and liabilities held-for-trading and designated as hedge 
accounting by types of results in the profit or loss for the year ended 31 December 2022 

Balance as at 1 January 
Change in current period 
on interest income/interest expense 
on net results on derivative instruments and hedge relationships 
on revaluation difference 
Realized result on closed deals /matured deals 
Closing balance 

Held-for-trading 
(9,493) 

Hedge 
accounting 
(963) 

(73,781) 
(80,525) 
103,665 
(8,548) 
(68,682) 

492 
62,140 
(59,604) 
(5,468) 
(3,403) 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

384 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 45: 

FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (in HUF mn) 

In determining the fair value of a financial asset or liability the Bank in the case of instruments that are quoted on 
an active market uses the market price. In most cases market price is not publicly available so the Bank has to 
make assumptions or use valuation techniques to determine the fair value of a financial instrument. See Note 45. 
d) for more information about fair value classes applied for financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value 
in these financial statements. 

To  provide  a  reliable  estimate  of  the  fair  value  of  those  financial  instrument  that  are  originally  measured  at 
amortised cost, the Bank used the discounted cash flow analysis (loans, placements with other banks, amounts due 
to banks, deposits from customers). The fair value of issued securities and subordinated bonds is based on quoted 
prices (e,g, Reuters), Cash and amounts due from banks and balances with the National Bank of Hungary represent 
amounts available immediately thus the fair value equals to the cost. 

The  assumptions  used  when  calculating  the  fair  value  of  financial  assets  and  liabilities  when  using  valuation 
technique are the following: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

the discount rates are the risk free rates related to the denomination currency adjusted by the appropriate 
risk premium as of the end of the reporting period, 

the contractual cash flows are considered for the performing loans and for the non-performing loans, the 
amortised cost less impairment is considered as fair value, 

the future cash flows for floating interest rate instruments are estimated from the yield curves as of the 
end of the reporting period, 

the fair value of the deposit which can be due in demand cannot be lower than the amount payable on 
demand. 

For classes of assets and liabilities not measured at fair value in the statement of financial position, the income 
approach was used to convert future cash flows to a single current amount. Fair value of current assets is equal to 
carrying amount, fair value of liabilities from issued securities and other bond-type classes of assets and liabilities 
not measured at fair value measured based on Reuters market rates and, fair value of other classes not measured 
at fair value of the statement of financial position are measured using the discounted cash flow method. Fair value 
of loans, net of allowance for loan losses measured using discount rate adjustment technique, the discount rate is 
derived from observed rates of return for comparable assets or liabilities that are traded in the market. 

Methods and significant assumptions used to determine fair value of the different classes of financial instruments: 

-  Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; 
-  Level  2:  inputs  other  than  quoted  prices  included  within  Level  1  that  are  observable  for  the  asset  or 

liability either directly or indirectly; 

-  Level 3: inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs). 

Use of modified yield curve 

During  the  year  ended  31  December  2023  and  2022  yield  curves  derived  from  hungarian  government  bonds 
(“ÁKK  curve”)  have  become  distorted  due  to  certain  market  events,  which  means  that  real  liquidity  has 
concentrated on certain part of the yield curve. Therefore a modified yield curve - which is not observable on the 
market -  has been used at the concerning fair value calculations. This yield curve is based on the relevant yield 
curve points of the original ÁKK curve. Based on Management’s discretion fair value calculated with modified 
yield curves can represent the perspective of market participants reliable at current market conditions. 

For the year ended 31 December 2023 and 2022 modified yield curve was used for calculating fair value in case 
of subsidised personal loans represented in “Loans mandatorily measured at fair value through profit or loss” line. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

385 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 45: 

FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

a)  Fair value of financial assets and liabilities at amortised cost 

31 December 2023 

31 December 2022 

Carrying 
amount 

Fair value 

Level 1 

Level 2 

Level 3 

Carrying 
amount 

Fair value 

Level 1 

Level 2 

Level 3 

2,708,232 
2,702,433 
201,658 
2,710,848 
4,681,359 
298,838 
13,303,368 

2,708,232 
2,933,781 
201,742 
2,494,227 
4,824,169 
298,838 
13,460,989 

2,708,232 
1,509,113 
- 
2,236,994 
- 
- 
6,454,339 

- 
1,424,668 
201,742 
238,837 
- 
- 
1,865,247 

- 
- 
- 
18,396 
4,824,169 
298,838 
5,141,403 

1,092,198 
2,899,829 
246,529 
3,282,373 
4,825,040 
255,125 
12,601,094 

1,092,198 
2,871,307 
248,513 
2,654,685 
4,856,352 
255,125 
11,978,180 

1,092,198 
1,300,188 
- 
2,301,512 
- 
- 
4,693,898 

- 
1,571,119 
248,513 
337,789 
- 
- 
2,157,421 

- 
- 
- 
15,384 
4,856,352 
255,125 
5,126,861 

1,761,579 
443,694 
10,734,325 
68,282 
1,163,109 
520,296 
243,319 
14,934,604 

1,709,710 
457,508 
10,741,597 
68,328 
1,201,901 
421,030 
243,319 
14,843,393 

609,288 
- 
- 
- 
1,201,901 
421,030 
- 
2,232,219 

1,100,422 
457,508 
10,741,597 
- 
- 
- 
- 
12,299,527 

- 
- 
- 
68,328 
- 
- 
243,319 
311,647 

1,736,128 
408,366 
11,119,158 
41,464 
498,709 
294,186 
282,103 
14,380,114 

1,559,492 
415,703 
11,122,775 
41,477 
493,440 
261,113 
282,103 
14,176,104 

389,779 
- 
- 
- 
493,440 
261,113 
- 
1,144,332 

1,169,713 
415,703 
11,122,775 
- 
- 
- 
- 
12,708,191 

- 
- 
- 
41,477 
- 
- 
282,103 
323,580 

Cash, amounts due from banks and balances 
with the National Bank of Hungary 

Placements with other banks 
Repo receivables 
Securities at amortised cost 
Loans at amortised cost 
Other financial assets 
Total assets measured at amortised cost 

Amounts due to banks, deposits from the 
National Bank of Hungary and other 
banks 
Repo liabilities 
Deposits from customers 
Leasing liabilities 
Liabilities from issued securities 
Subordinated bonds and loans 
Other financial liabilities 
Total liabilities measured at amortised cost 

b)  Derivative financial instruments 

OTP Bank regularly enters into hedging transactions in order to decrease its financial risks. However some economically hedging transaction do not meet the criteria to account for 
hedge  accounting,  therefore  these  transactions  were  accounted  as  derivatives  held  for  trading.  Net  investment  hedge  in  foreign  operations  is  not  applicable  in  separate  financial 
statements.  

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

386 

 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 45: 

FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

b)  Derivative financial instruments [continued] 

The assessment of the hedge effectiveness (both for fair value hedges and cash flow hedges) to determine the economic relationship between the hedged item and the hedging instrument 
is accomplished with prospective scenario analysis via different rate shift scenarios of the relevant risk factor(s) of the hedged risk component(s). The fair value change of the hedged 
item and the hedging instrument is compared in the different scenarios. Economic relationship is justified if the change of the fair value of the hedged item and the hedging instrument 
are in the opposite direction and the absolute changes are similar amounts. The hedge ratio is determined as the ratio of the notional of the hedged item and the notional of the hedging 
instrument. The sources of hedge ineffectiveness are the not hedged risk components (e.g. change of cross currency basis spreads in case of interest rate risk hedges), slight differences 
in maturity dates and interest payment dates in case of fair value hedges, and differences between the carrying amount of the hedged item and the carrying amount of the hedging 
instrument in case of FX hedges (e.g. caused by interest rate risk components in the fair value of the hedging instrument).  

Fair value of derivative financial instruments1 

The Bank has the following held for trading derivatives and derivatives designated as hedge accounting: 

Held for trading derivative financial instruments 
Interest rate derivatives 
Interest rate swaps 
Cross currency interest rate swaps 
OTC options 
Forward rate agreement 
Total interest rate derivatives (OTC derivatives) 
From this: Interest rate derivatives cleared by NBH 

Foreign exchange derivatives 
Foreign exchange swaps 
Foreign exchange forward 
OTC options 
Foreign exchange spot conversion 
Total foreign exchange derivatives (OTC derivatives) 
From this: Foreign exchange derivatives cleared by NBH 

Before netting 

Assets 

Liabilities 

31 December 2023 
Netting 

After netting 

Before netting 

Assets 

Liabilities 

Assets 

Liabilities 

31 December 2022 
Netting 

After netting 

Assets 

Liabilities 

130,230 
8,644 
818 
- 
139,692 
1,132 

54,528 
6,551 
1,016 
347 
62,442 
- 

(113,742) 
(6,532) 
(818) 
(214) 
(121,306) 
- 

(32,818) 
(10,129) 
(871) 
(303) 
(44,121) 
- 

110,939 
- 
- 
- 
110,939 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

19,291 
8,644 
818 
- 
28,753 
1,132 

54,528 
6,551 
1,016 
347 
62,442 
- 

(2,803) 
(6,532) 
(818) 
(214) 
(10,367) 
- 

(32,818) 
(10,129) 
(871) 
(303) 
(44,121) 
- 

162,519 
11,332 
1,000 
505 
175,356 
2,702 

109,167 
9,909 
1,048 
162 
120,286 
22,214 

(170,144) 
(12,139) 
(1,000) 
(3) 
(183,286) 
- 

(76,037) 
(11,936) 
(822) 
(162) 
(88,957) 
- 

155,468 
- 
- 
505 
155,973 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

7,051 
11,332 
1,000 
- 
19,383 
2,702 

109,167 
9,909 
1,048 
162 
120,286 
22,214 

(14,676) 
(12,139) 
(1,000) 
502 
(27,313) 
- 

(76,037) 
(11,936) 
(822) 
(162) 
(88,957) 
- 

1 Certain derivative financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount is presented in accordance with IAS 32 in the State ment of Financial Position. The Bank has the ability and the intention 

to settle those instruments on a net basis, which are settled through the same clearing house. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

387 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 45: 

FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

b) 

Derivative financial instruments [continued]1 

Fair value of derivative financial instruments [continued] 

Equity stock and index derivatives 
Commodity Swaps 
Equity swaps  
OTC derivatives 
Exchange traded futures and options 
Total equity stock and index derivatives 
Derivatives held for risk management not designated in hedges 
Interest rate swaps 
Foreign exchange swaps 
Foreign exchange spot conversion 
Forward 
Cross currency interest rate swaps 
Total  derivatives  held  for  risk  management  not  designated  in 

hedges 

From this: Total derivatives cleared by NBH held for risk management 
Total Held for trading derivative financial instruments 

Derivative  financial  instruments  designated  as  hedge  accounting 

relationships 

Derivatives designated in cash flow hedges 
Interest rate swaps 
Total derivatives designated in cash flow hedges 
Derivatives designated in fair value hedges 
Interest rate swaps 
Cross currency interest rate swaps 
Foreign exchange swaps 
Total derivatives designated in fair value hedges 
Interest rate swaps 
Total other derivatives designated in fair value hedges 
From this: Total derivatives cleared by NBH held for hedging 
Total derivatives held for risk management (OTC derivatives) 

Before netting 

Assets 

Liabilities 

31 December 2023 
Netting 

After netting 

Before netting 

Assets 

Liabilities 

Assets 

Liabilities 

31 December 2022 
Netting 

After netting 

Assets 

Liabilities 

32,402 
126 
32,528 
433 
32,961 

68,380 
11,796 
- 
127 
14,577 

(32,490) 
(3,826) 
(36,316) 
(451) 
(36,767) 

(91,634) 
(20,284) 
- 
- 
(2,629) 

94,880 
33,042 
329,975 

(114,547) 
- 
(316,741) 

- 
- 

37,651 
10,173 
- 
47,824 
168 
168 
- 
47,992 

(9,935) 
(9,935) 

(33,054) 
(10,679) 
- 
(43,733) 
(119) 
(119) 
(1,418) 
(53,787) 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

22,237 
- 
- 
- 
- 

22,237 
- 
133,176 

1,066 
1,066 

25,130 
- 
- 
25,130 
168 
168 
- 
26,364 

32,402 
126 
32,528 
433 
32,961 

46,143 
11,796 
- 
127 
14,577 

(32,490) 
(3,826) 
(36,316) 
(451) 
(36,767) 

(69,397) 
(20,284) 
- 
- 
(2,629) 

72,643 
33,042 
196,799 

(92,310) 
- 
(183,565) 

(1,066) 
(1,066) 

12,521 
10,173 
- 
22,694 
- 
- 
- 
21,628 

(8,869) 
(8,869) 

(7,924) 
(10,679) 
- 
(18,603) 
49 
49 
(1,418) 
(27,423) 

34,058 
54 
34,112 
214 
34,326 

133,399 
12,687 
- 
67 
3,515 

149,668 
78,916 
479,636 

- 
- 

58,381 
20,732 
1,696 
80,809 
- 
- 
- 
80,809 

(32,048) 
(702) 
(32,750) 
(1,887) 
(34,637) 

(225,915) 
(11,908) 
(43) 
- 
(3,572) 

(241,438) 
(1,879) 
(548,318) 

(25,325) 
(25,325) 

(37,290) 
(5,398) 
(16,199) 
(58,887) 
- 
- 
(5,485) 
(84,212) 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

18,944 
- 
- 
- 
- 

18,944 
- 
174,917 

2,651 
2,651 

30,938 
- 
- 
30,938 
- 
- 
- 
33,589 

34,058 
54 
34,112 
214 
34,326 

114,455 
12,687 
- 
67 
3,515 

130,724 
78,916 
304,719 

(2,651) 
(2,651) 

27,443 
20,732 
1,696 
49,871 
- 
- 
- 
47,220 

(32,048) 
(702) 
(32,750) 
(1,887) 
(34,637) 

(206,971) 
(11,908) 
(43) 
- 
(3,572) 

(222,494) 
(1,879) 
(373,401) 

(22,674) 
(22,674) 

(6,352) 
(5,398) 
(16,199) 
(27,949) 
- 
- 
(5,485) 
(50,623) 

1 Certain derivative financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount is presented in accordance with IAS 32 in t he Statement of Financial Position. The Bank has the ability and the intention 

to settle those instruments on a net basis, which are settled through the same clearing house. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

388 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 45: 

FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

b)  Derivative financial instruments [continued]1 

Fair value of derivative financial instruments [continued] 

Financial assets subject to offsetting, netting arrangement as at 31 December 2023 

Offsetting recognised on the balance sheet 

Netting potential not recognised 
on the balance sheet 

Gross 
assets 
before 
offset 

Offsetting 
with 
gross 
liabilities 

Net assets recognised 
on the statement of 
financial position 

Financial 
liabilities 

Collateral 
received 

Assets after 
consideration 
of netting 
potential 

Assets not 
subject to netting 
arrangements 
Assets recognised 
on the statement 
os financial 
position 

Total assets 

Maximum 
exposure to 
risk 

Recognised in 
the statement of 
financial 
position 

After 
consideration 
of netting 
potential 

Derivative financial 
instruments 

324.446  (158.844) 

165.602 

(60.721) 

(76.853) 

28.028 

52.825 

218.427 

80.853 

Financial liabilities subject to offsetting, netting arrangement as at 31 December 2023 

Offsetting recognised on the balance sheet 

Netting potential not recognised 
on the balance sheet 

Liabilities not 
subject to netting 
arrangements 

Total 
liabilities 

Maximum 
exposure to 
risk 

Gross 
liabilities 
before 
offset 

Offsetting 
with 
gross 
assets 

Net liabilities 
recognised on the 
statement of financial 
position 

Financial 
assets 

Collateral 
pledged 

Liabilities 
after 
consideration 
of netting 
potential 

Liabilities 
recognised on the 
statement os 
financial position 

Recognised in 
the statement of 
financial 
position 

After 
consideration 
of netting 
potential 

Derivative financial 
instruments 

347.414  (158.844) 

188.570 

(60.721)  (103.563) 

24.286 

22.418 

210.988 

46.704 

1 Certain derivative financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount is presented in accordance with IAS 32 in t he Statement of Financial Position. The Bank has the ability and the intention 

to settle those instruments on a net basis, which are settled through the same clearing house. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

389 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 45: 

FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

b)  Derivative financial instruments [continued]1 

Fair value of derivative financial instruments [continued] 

Financial assets subject to offsetting, netting arrangement as at 31 December 2022 

Offsetting recognised on the balance sheet 

Netting potential not recognised 
on the balance sheet 

Gross 
assets 
before 
offset 

Offsetting 
with 
gross 
liabilities 

Net assets recognised 
on the statement of 
financial position 

Financial 
liabilities 

Collateral 
received 

Assets after 
consideration 
of netting 
potential 

Assets not 
subject to netting 
arrangements 
Assets recognised 
on the statement 
os financial 
position 

Total assets 

Maximum 
exposure to 
risk 

Recognised in 
the statement of 
financial 
position 

After 
consideration 
of netting 
potential 

Derivative financial 
instruments 

441,412  (208,505) 

232,907 

(90,551)  (103,014) 

39,342 

119,032 

351,939 

158,374 

Financial liabilities subject to offsetting, netting arrangement as at 31 December 2022 

Offsetting recognised on the balance sheet 

Netting potential not recognised 
on the balance sheet 

Liabilities not 
subject to netting 
arrangements 

Total 
liabilities 

Maximum 
exposure to 
risk 

Gross 
liabilities 
before 
offset 

Offsetting 
with 
gross 
assets 

Net liabilities 
recognised on the 
statement of financial 
position 

Financial 
assets 

Collateral 
pledged 

Liabilities 
after 
consideration 
of netting 
potential 

Liabilities 
recognised on the 
statement os 
financial position 

Recognised in 
the statement of 
financial 
position 

After 
consideration 
of netting 
potential 

Derivative financial 
instruments 

580,572 

-208,505 

372,067 

-90,551 

-240,661 

40,855 

51,957 

424,024 

92,812 

1 Certain derivative financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount is presented in accordance with IAS 32 in t he Statement of Financial Position. The Bank has the ability and the intention 

to settle those instruments on a net basis, which are settled through the same clearing house. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

390 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 45: 

FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

Hedge accounting 

c) 
Interest rate risk management is centralized at OTP Bank. Interest rate risk exposures in major currencies are managed at HQ on consolidated level. Although risk exposures in local 
currencies are managed at subsidiary level, the respective decisions are subject to HQ approval. Interest rate risk is measured by simulating NII and EVE under different stress and 
plan scenarios, the established risk limits are described in „OTP Bank’s Group-Level Regulations on the Management of Liquidity Risk and Interest Rate Risk of Banking Book”. The 
interest rate risk management activity aims to stabilize NII within the approved risk limits. 

The risk management objective of these hedge relationships is to mitigate the risk of clean fair value (i.e. excluding accrued interest) change of MIRS loans due to the change of interest 
rate reference indexes (BUBOR, EURIBOR, LIBOR, etc.) of the respective currency. 

Amount, timing and uncertainty of future cash flows - hedging instruments as at 31 December 2023 (amounts in million currency) 

Type of hedge 

Type of risk 

Type of instrument 

Fair Value Hedge 

Interest rate risk 

   Interest rate swap 

Within one 
month 

Within three 
months and over 
one month 

Within one year 
and over three 
months 

Within five years 
and over one year 

More than five 
years 

Total 

           HUF 
               Notional 
              Average Interest Rate (%) 
           EUR 
               Notional 
              Average Interest Rate (%) 
           USD 
               Notional 
              Average Interest Rate (%) 
           JPY 
               Notional 
              Average Interest Rate (%) 
  Cross currency interest rate swap 
           EUR/HUF 
               Notional 
              Average Interest Rate (%) 
              Average FX Rate  

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

(24,975) 
15.66% 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

1 
(1.69%) 
310.02 

2 
(1.68%) 
310.10 

102,049 
15.25% 

(590) 
3.92% 

(1,106) 
3.65% 

4,500 
0.22% 

8 
(1.73%) 
309.36 

28,300  105,374 
1.38% 

(590) 

- 
- 

47 
4.18% 

(1,059) 

4,500 

- 
- 

21 

10 
(1.82%) 
307.71 

Fair Value Hedge 

FX & IR risk 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

391 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 45: 

FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

c)  Hedge accounting [continued] 
Amount, timing and uncertainty of future cash flows - hedging instruments as at 31 December 2023 (amounts in million currency) [continued] 

Type of hedge 

Type of risk 

Type of instrument 

Within one 
month 

Within three 
months and over 
one month 

Within one year 
and over three 
months 

Within five years 
and over one year 

More than five 
years 

Total 

Fair Value Hedge 

FX risk 

Fair Value Hedge 

Other 

Cash flow Hedge 

Interest rate risk 

Other fair Value Hedge 

Interest rate risk 

  Cross currency interest rate swap 
           EUR/HUF 
               Notional 
              Average FX Rate  
           RON/HUF 
               Notional 
              Average FX Rate  
           JPY/HUF 
               Notional 
              Average FX Rate  
           USD/HUF 
               Notional 
              Average FX Rate  
   Interest rate swap 
           HUF 
               Notional 
   Interest rate swap 
           HUF 
               Notional 
              Average Interest Rate  
   Interest rate swap 
           EUR 
               Notional 
              Average Interest Rate  

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

175 
356.12 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
357.16 

- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

250 
359.11 

575 
73.75 

- 
- 

143 
357.16 

778 

- 
- 

(60) 
3.54 

1,167 
383.36 

1,250 
74.94 

4,500 
2.43 

- 
- 

- 

28,027 
2.46 

(240) 
2.61 

1,592 

1,825 

4,500 

143 

778 

28,027 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

(120) 
2.42 

(420) 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

392 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 45: 

FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

c)  Hedge accounting [continued] 
Amount, timing and uncertainty of future cash flows - hedging instruments as at 31 December 2022 (amounts in million currency) 

Type of hedge 

Type of risk 

Type of instrument 

Fair Value Hedge 

Interest rate risk 

   Interest rate swap 

Within one 
month 

Within three 
months and over 
one month 

Within one year 
and over three 
months 

Within five years 
and over one year 

More than five 
years 

Total 

           HUF 
               Notional 
              Average Interest Rate (%) 
           EUR 
               Notional 
              Average Interest Rate (%) 
           USD 
               Notional 
              Average Interest Rate (%) 
           JPY 
               Notional 
              Average Interest Rate (%) 
  Cross currency interest rate swap 
           EUR/HUF 
               Notional 
              Average Interest Rate (%) 
              Average FX Rate  
  Cross currency interest rate swap 
           EUR/HUF 
               Notional 
              Average FX Rate  
           RON/HUF 
               Notional 
              Average FX Rate  
           JPY/HUF 
               Notional 
              Average FX Rate  
           USD/HUF 
               Notional 
              Average FX Rate  
   Interest rate swap 
           HUF 
               Notional 
   Interest rate swap 
           HUF 
               Notional 
              Average Interest Rate  

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
(1.64%) 
310.41 

- 
363.88 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

Fair Value Hedge 

FX & IR risk 

Fair Value Hedge 

FX risk 

Fair Value Hedge 

Other 

Cash flow Hedge 

Interest rate risk 

- 
- 

- 
- 

90 
2.60% 

- 
- 

1 
(1.68%) 
310.17 

(10) 
407.57 

- 
- 

- 
- 

-7 
323.77 

- 
- 

101 
0.24% 

- 
- 

- 
- 

(64,875) 
7.15% 

30,300  (34,575) 
1.40% 

10 
0.22% 

29 
2.35% 

4,500 
0.22% 

50 
0.05% 

47 
4.18% 

161 

166 

4,500 

- 
- 

2 
(1.68%) 
310.20 

10 
(1.71%) 
309.74 

11 
(1.82%) 
307.71 

24 

125 
362.11 

400 
72.92 

- 
- 

144 
323.77 

878 
373.88 

3,121 
75.08 

4,500 
2.79 

146 
323.77 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 

993 

3,521 

4,500 

283 

2,299 

1,323 

198 

778 

794 
1.13 

3,203 
1.93 

- 
- 

28,027 
2.46 

32,024 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

393 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 45: 

FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

c) Hedge accounting [continued] 

Derivative financial instruments designated as hedge accounting as follows: 

Type of 
instrument 

Type of risk 

Nominal 
amount of the 
hedging 
instrument 

Carrying amount of the hedging instrument for the year ended 31 
Decembe 2023 

Before netting 

Assets 

Liabilities 

Netting 

After netting 

Assets 

Liabilities 

Line item in the statement of 
financial position where the hedging 
instrument is located 

Changes in fair value used for 
calculating hedge ineffectiveness for 
the year ended 31 December 2023 

Fair value hedge 

rate 

Interest 
swap 
Cross-
currency swap FX & IR risk 
Cross-
currency swap FX risk 
Interest 
swap 

Other 

rate 

Interest rate risk  1,167,195 

37,543 

(33,055) 

25,130 

12,413 

(7,925) 

risk management 

Derivative  assets  (liabilities)  held  for 

6,394 

- 

(1,418) 

997,565 

10,173 

(9,260) 

778 

108 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Derivative  assets  (liabilities)  held  for 

- 

(1,418) 

risk management 

Derivative  assets  (liabilities)  held  for 

10,173 

(9,260) 

risk management 

108 

Derivative  assets  (liabilities)  held  for 
- 

risk management 

Cash flow hedge 

Interest 
swap 

Other fair value hedge  

Interest 
swap 

rate 

Derivative  assets  (liabilities)  held  for 

Interest rate risk 

66,899 

- 

(9,935) 

1,066 

(1,066) 

(8,869) 

risk management 

rate 

Derivative  assets  (liabilities)  held  for 

Interest rate risk 

160,768 

168 

(119) 

168 

- 

49 

risk management 

648 

(893) 

6,699 

1 

(84) 

32 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

394 

 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 45: 

FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

c) Hedge accounting [continued] 

Derivative financial instruments designated as hedge accounting as follows: 

31 December 2023 

Type of risk 

Carrying amount of the hedged item  

Assets  

Liabilities 

Accumulated amount of fair value hedge 
adjustments on the hedged item included in the 
carrying amount of the hedged item  
Liabilities 

Assets  

Line item in the statement of financial position in 
which the hedged item is included 

Fair value hedge - micro 
 - Loans  

 - Loans  
 - Government bonds 

 - Government bonds 
 - Government bonds 

 - Other securities 
 - Other securities 
- Other securities 
 - Loans  
 - Loans  
 - Government bonds 

 - Government bonds 
 - Other securities 
 - Customer deposits 
Fair value hedge total 

Interest rate risk 

Interest rate risk 
Interest rate risk 

Interest rate risk 
Interest rate risk 

Interest rate risk 
Interest rate risk 
Interest rate risk 
FX & IR risk 
FX risk 
FX risk 

FX risk 
Other risk 
Other risk 

26,839 

- 
164,229 

148,843 
- 

3,828 
- 
- 
3,266 
949,447 
10,986 

49,378 
- 
- 
1,356,816 

- 

143,857 
- 

- 
- 

- 
457,027 
219,989 
- 
- 
- 

- 
897 
157,543 
979,313 

(3,178) 

- 
7,808 

20,391 
- 

203 
- 
- 
(96) 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
25,128 

- 

Loans 
Amounts due to banks and deposits from the National Bank 

(11,249) 
- 

- 
- 

- 
6,539 
(157) 
- 
- 
- 

- 
(39) 
84 
(4,822) 

of Hungary and other banks  

Securities at amortised cost 
Securities  at  fair  value  through  other  comprehensive 

income 

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss 
Securities  at  fair  value  through  other  comprehensive 

income 

Liabilities from issued securities 
Subordinated debts 
Loans 
Loans 
Securities at amortised cost 
Securities  at  fair  value  through  other  comprehensive 

income 

Liabilities from issued securities 
Customer deposits 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

395 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 45: 

FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

c) Hedge accounting [continued] 

Derivative financial instruments designated as hedge accounting as follows: 

Type of instrument  Type of risk 

Fair value hedge  

Nominal amount 
of the hedging 
instrument 

Carrying amount of the hedging instrument for the year ended 31 
December 2022 

Before netting 

Assets 

Liabilities 

Netting 

After netting 

Assets 

Liabilities 

Line item in the statement of financial 
position where the hedging instrument is 
located 

Changes in fair value used for 
calculating hedge ineffectiveness for 
the year ended 31 December 2022 

Interest rate swap 

Interest rate risk 

444,627 

58,260 

(37,258) 

30,938 

27,322 

(6,320) 

management 

Derivative  assets  (liabilities)  held  for  risk 

Cross-currency swap  FX & IR risk 

7,292 

- 

(2,679) 

Cross-currency swap  FX risk 

FX swap 

FX risk 

Interest rate swap 

Other 

Cash flow hedge 

813,430 

290,982 

2,299 

21,685 

(2,719) 

743 

121 

(16,199) 

(32) 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Derivative  assets  (liabilities)  held  for  risk 

- 

(2,679) 

management 

Derivative  assets  (liabilities)  held  for  risk 

21,685 

(2,719) 

management 

743 

121 

Derivative  assets  (liabilities)  held  for  risk 

(16,199) 

management 

Derivative  assets  (liabilities)  held  for  risk 

(32) 

management 

Derivative  assets  (liabilities)  held  for  risk 

Interest rate swap 

Interest rate risk 

92,203 

- 

(25,325) 

2,651 

(2,651) 

(22,674) 

management 

12,873 

3 

(6,087) 

- 

1 

(101) 

31 December 2022 

Type of risk 

Carrying amount of the hedged item  

Accumulated amount of fair value hedge 
adjustments on the hedged item included in 
the carrying amount of the hedged item  

Line item in the statement of financial position in 
which the hedged item is included 

Assets  

Liabilities 

Assets  

Liabilities 

Fair value hedges 
 - Loans  

 - Loans  
 - Government bonds 

Interest rate risk 

Interest rate risk 
Interest rate risk 

64,596 

- 
14,814 

 - Government bonds 

Interest rate risk 

151,501 

 - Other securities 
 - Other securities 
 - Loans  
 - Loans  
 - Government bonds 

 - Government bonds 
 - Other securities 
Fair value hedges total 

Interest rate risk 

FX & IR risk 
FX risk 
FX risk 

FX risk 
Other risk 

44,508 
- 
9,099 
716,841 
12,797 

113,806 
- 
1,127,962 

- 

143,208 

- 

- 

- 
25,563 
- 
- 
- 

- 
2,299 
171,070 

(5,033) 

- 
(4,601) 

(45,319) 

(638) 
- 
503 
- 
- 

- 
- 

(55,088) 

- 

Loans 
Amounts  due  to  banks  and  deposits  from  the  National 

(34,149) 

Bank of Hungary and other banks  

- 

- 

- 
448 
- 
- 
- 

Securities at amortised cost 
Securities  at  fair  value  through  other  comprehensive 

income 

Securities  at  fair  value  through  other  comprehensive 

income 

Liabilities from issued securities 
Loans 
Loans 
Securities at amortised cost 
Securities  at  fair  value  through  other  comprehensive 

- 

income 

(218)  Liabilities from issued securities 
(33,919)    

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

396 

 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 45: 

FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

c) Hedge accounting [continued] 

For the year ended 31 December 2023 OCI related to cash flow hedges as follows: 

Type of risk 

Interest rate risk 

Carrying amount of 
the hedged item  

Assets  
28,027 

Liabilities 

- 

Cash flow hedge reserve  

Line item in the statement of 
financial position in which the 
hedged item is included 

3,509  Loans at amortised cost 

For the year ended 31 December 2022 OCI related to cash flow hedges as follows: 

Type of risk 

Interest rate risk 

Carrying amount of 
the hedged item  

Assets  
32,024 

Liabilities 

- 

Cash flow hedge reserve  

Line item in the statement of 
financial position in which the 
hedged item is included 

9,210  Loans at amortised cost 

For the year ended 31 December 2023 change in basis swap spread recognised in OCI related to fair value hedges 
as follows: 

Type of risk 

FX risk 
FX risk 

Carrying amount of 
the hedged item  

Assets  
949,447 
10,986 
960,433 

Liabilities 

- 
- 
- 

Items recognised 
in other 
comprehensive 
income 

Change in the items 
recognized in other 
comprehensive income  

Line item in the 
statement of financial 
position in which the 
hedged item is included 

167 
(69) 
98 

530  Loans at amortised cost 

-  FVOCI securities 

530 

For the year ended 31 December 2022 change in basis swap spread recognised in OCI related to fair value hedges 
as follows: 

Type of risk 

FX risk 
FX risk 

Carrying amount of 
the hedged item  

Assets  
716,841 
12,797 
729,638 

Liabilities 

- 
- 
- 

Items recognised 
in other 
comprehensive 
income 

Change in the items 
recognized in other 
comprehensive income  

Line item in the 
statement of financial 
position in which the 
hedged item is included 

(363) 
(52) 
(415) 

605  Loans at amortised cost 

-  FVOCI securities 

605 

Change in the fair value of the hedging instrument related to cash flow hedge 

31 December 2023 

Type of 
instrument 

Type of risk 

Change in the value of 
the hedging instrument 
recognised in cash flow 
hedge reserve 

Hedge ineffectiveness 
recognised in profit or 
loss 

Interest rate 
swap 

Interest rate 
risk 

(5,701) 

(85) 

Line item in profit or loss that 
includes hedge ineffectiveness 

Interest  Income  from  Placements  with 
other  banks,  net  of  allowance  for 
placement losses 

For the year ended 31 December 2023 there were no reclassification from cash flow hedge reserve to profit or loss 
due to termination of hedging relationship. 

31 December 2022 

Type of 
instrument 

Type of risk 

Interest rate 
swap 

Interest rate 
risk 

Change in the value of 
the hedging instrument 
recognised in cash flow 
hedge reserve 

Hedge ineffectiveness 
recognised in profit or 
loss 

5,642 

(101) 

Line item in profit or loss that 
includes hedge ineffectiveness 

Interest  Income  from  Placements  with 
other  banks,  net  of  allowance  for 
placement losses 

For the year ended 31 December 2022 an amount HUF 227 million reclassified from cash flow hedge reserve to 
profit or loss due to termination of hedging relationship. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

397 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 45: 

FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

d) 
Methods and significant assumptions used to determine fair value of the different classes of financial instruments: 

Fair value classes 

-  Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; 
-  Level  2:  inputs  other  than  quoted  prices  included  within  Level  1  that  are  observable  for  the  asset  or 

liability either directly or indirectly, 

-  Level 3: inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs). 

The following table shows an analysis of financial instruments recorded at fair value by level of the fair value 
hierarchy: 

31 December 2023 

Total 

Level 1 

Level 2 

Level 3 

Loans mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss 
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss 

from this: securities held for trading 
from  this:    positive  FVA  of  derivative  financial 

934,848 
257,535 
27,804 

- 
44,106 
19,756 

- 
204,414 
8,048 

934,848 
9,015 
- 

instruments designated as held for trading 

196,799 

433 

196,366 

- 

from  this:  securities  mandatorily  measured  at  fair 

value through profit or loss 

32,932 

23,917 

Equity 

instruments  at 

fair  value 

through  other 

comprehensive income 

21,177 

21,177 

Securities  at  fair  value  through  other  comprehensive 

- 

- 

9,015 

- 

income 

538,350 

229,331 

278,146 

30,873 

Positive  fair  value  of  derivative  financial  instruments 

designated as hedge accounting 

Financial assets measured at fair value total 

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss 
Negative  fair  value  of  derivative  financial  instruments 

classified as held for trading 

Short position 
Negative  fair  value  of  derivative  financial  instruments 

designated as hedge accounting 

Financial liabilities measured at fair value total 

21,628 
1,773,538 

- 
294,614 

21,628 
504,188 

- 
974,736 

19,786 

- 

- 

19,786 

183,565 
19,107 

27,423 
249,881 

451 
19,107 

179,414 
- 

3,700 
- 

- 
19,558 

27,423 
206,837 

- 
23,486 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

398 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 45: 

FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

d)  Fair value classes [continued] 

As at 31 December 2022 

Total 

Level 1 

Level 2 

Level 3 

Loans mandatorily at fair value through profit 

or loss 

Financial assets at fair value through profit or 

loss 
from this: securities held for trading 
from this:  positive FVA of derivative 

financial instruments designated as held 
for trading 

from this: securities mandatorily measured 
at fair value through profit or loss 

Equity instruments at fair value through other 

comprehensive income 

Securities at fair value through other 

comprehensive income 

Positive fair value of derivative financial 

instruments designated as hedge accounting 
Financial assets measured at fair value total 

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit 

or loss 

Negative fair value of derivative financial 

instruments classified as held for trading 

Short position 
Negative fair value of derivative financial 

793,242 

410,012 
74,795 

- 

- 

793,242 

41,534 
20,197 

359,104 
54,598 

304,719 

213 

304,506 

30,498 

21,124 

17,922 

17,922 

- 

- 

779,253 

194,756 

557,082 

27,415 

47,220 
2,047,649 

- 
254,212 

47,220 
963,406 

- 
830,031 

16,576 

373,401 
24,596 

- 

- 

16,576 

1,886 
24,596 

370,865 
- 

9,374 
- 

- 

9,374 

- 

650 
- 

- 

instruments designated as hedge accounting 

50,623 

- 

50,623 

Financial liabilities measured at fair value 

total 

465,196 

26,482 

421,488 

17,226 

The fair value of investment properties is presented in Note 14 and they are categorized in level 3. 
The fair value of investment in subsidiaries is presented in Note 12 and they are categorized in level 3. 

Valuation techniques and sensitivity analysis on Level 2 instruments 

The fair value of Level 2 instruments is calculated by discounting their expected interest and capital cash flows. 
Discounting is done with the respective swap curve of each currency. 

Valuation techniques and sensitivity analysis on Level 3 instruments 

Sensitivity analysis is performed on products with significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) to generate a range of 
reasonably possible alternative valuations. The sensitivity methodologies applied take account of the nature of the 
valuation techniques used, as well as the availability and reliability of observable proxy and historical date and the 
impact of using alternative models. 

The calculation is based on range or spread data of reliable reference source or a scenario based on relevant market 
analysis alongside the impact of using alternative models. Sensitivities are calculated without reflecting the impact 
of any diversification in the portfolio. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

399 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 45: 

FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

d)  Fair value classes [continued] 

Unobservable inputs used in measuring fair value 

Class of financial instrument 

Type of financial 
instrument 

Valuation technique 

Significant unobservable input 

Range of estimates for 
unobservable input 

Financial assets at fair value through 

profit or loss 

Loans  mandatorily  at  fair  value 

through profit or loss 

Loans  mandatorily  at  fair  value 

through profit or loss 

Loans  mandatorily  at  fair  value 

through profit or loss 

Loans  mandatorily  at  fair  value 

through profit or loss 

Securities at fair value through 
other comprehensive income 

VISA C shares 

Market approach combined with 

Discount applied due to illiquidity and 

expert judgement 

litigation 

MFB refinancing loans 

Discounted cash flow model 

Probability of default 

Subsidised personal loans  Discounted cash flow model 

Probability of default 

Subsidised personal loans  Discounted cash flow model 

Operational costs 

Subsidised personal loans  Discounted cash flow model 

Demography 

FVOCI debt securities 

Market approach combined with 

expert judgement 

Credit risk 

+/-12% 

+/- 20% 

+/- 20% 

+/- 20% 

Change in the cash flow 
estimation +/- 5% 

+/-15% 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

400 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 45: 

FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

d)  Fair value classes [continued] 

The effect of unobservable inputs on fair value measurement 

Although the Bank believes that its estimates of fair value are appropriate, the use of different methodologies or assumptions could lead to different measurements of fair value. For fair 
value measurements in Level 3 changing the assumptions used to reasonably possible alternative assumptions would have the following effects. 

31 December 2023 

VISA C shares 

MFB refinanced loans 

(asset) 

Class of financial instrument 

Financial assets at fair value 
through profit or loss 
Loans mandatorily at fair value 
through profit or loss 

Subsidised personal loans  Loans mandatorily at fair value 

through profit or loss 

Subsidised personal loans  Loans mandatorily at fair value 

Subsidised personal loans  Loans mandatorily at fair value 

through profit or loss 

Unobservable 
inputs 
Illiquidity 

Probability of 
default 
Probability of 
default 
Operational 
costs 
Demography 

Carrying 
amount 

Fair values 

Effect on profit and loss 
Favourable  Unfavourable  Favourable Unfavourable 

1,808 

2,024 

1,590 

19,154 

19,499 

18,809 

217 

345 

(217) 

(345) 

911,190 

913,292 

909,097 

2,102 

(2,093) 

911,190 

916,712 

905,728 

5,522 

(5,462) 

Russian government bonds  Securities at fair value through 
other comprehensive income 

Probability of 
default 

30,873 

40,248 

21,498 

9,375 

(9,375) 

through profit or loss 

911,190 

911,939 

910,577 

749 

(613) 

31 December 2022 

VISA C shares 

MFB refinanced loans 

(asset) 

Class of financial instrument 

Financial assets at fair value 
through profit or loss 
Loans mandatorily at fair value 
through profit or loss 

Subsidised personal loans  Loans mandatorily at fair value 

Subsidised personal loans  Loans mandatorily at fair value 

through profit or loss 

Subsidised personal loans  Loans mandatorily at fair value 

through profit or loss 

through profit or loss 

Probability of 
default 
Probability of 
default 
Operational 
costs 
Demography 

Russian government bonds  Securities at fair value through 
other comprehensive income 

Probability of 
default 

Unobservable 
inputs 
Illiquidity 

Carrying 
amount 

1,469 

Fair values 

Effect on profit and loss 
Favourable  Unfavourable  Favourable Unfavourable 
(238) 

1,707 

1,231 

238 

15,483 

15,602 

15,364 

119 

(119) 

772,094 

773,281 

770,911 

1,187 

(1,183) 

772,094 

777,898 

769,012 

5,804 

(3,082) 

772,094 

774,528 

769,544 

2,434 

(2,550) 

27,415 

34,586 

20,244 

7,171 

(7,171) 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

401 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 45: 

FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

d)  Fair value classes [continued] 

The effect of unobservable inputs on fair value measurement [continued] 

The favourable and unfavourable effects of using reasonably possible alternative assumptions for the valuation of 
Visa C shares have been calculated by modifying the discount rate used for the valuation by +/-12% as being the 
best estimates of the management as at 31 December 2023 and 31 December 2022 respectively. 

In  the  case  of  MFB  refinancing  loans  and  subsidised  personal  loans  the  Bank  calculated  the  favourable  and 
unfavourable effects of using reasonably possible alternative assumptions by modifying the rates of probability of 
default by +/- 20% as one of the most significant unobservable input. 

In  case  of  subsidised  personal  loans  operational  cost  and  factors  related  to  demography  are  considered  as 
unobservable inputs to the applied fair value calculation model in addition to credit risk.  

The Bank calculated the favourable and unfavourable effects of using reasonably possible alternative assumptions 
by modifying the rates of operational costs by +/- 20% as one of the most significant unobservable input.  

In case of subsidised personal loans cash flow estimation are based on assumption related to the future number of 
childbirths performed by the debtors both in the current and the comparative period. According to the assumptions 
used in comparative period 15% of the debtors will not fulfill the conditions of the subsidy determined by the 
government after 5 years (“breach of conditions”), thereby debtors will be obliged to pay back advanced interest 
subsidy given in advance. Furthermore, in this case subsidised loans are converted to loans provided based on 
market  conditions.  Loans  are  prepaid  by  the  government  as  part  of  the  subsidy  after  the  second  and  the  third 
childbirth  following  the  signatory  of  the  loan  contract.  The  Bank  calculated  the  favourable  and  unfavourable 
effects of using reasonably possible alternative assumptions by modifying the demographical assumption of breach 
of conditions by +/- 5% as one of the most significant unobservable input in the cash flow estimation. 

For the year ended 31 December 2022 the Bank used a new and more complex model for cash flow calculations 
of  the  subsidised  personal  loans.  The  new  model  uses  more  scenarios  compared  to  the  previous  one.  These 
scenarios based on the above mentioned events (first second and third child births after signatory and breach of 
conditions) and also the event of divorce. The model uses public statistical information to estimate the outcome of 
these possible future events. The Bank calculated the favourable and unfavourable effects of using reasonably 
possible alternative assumptions by modiying the demographical assumption of future  child births by +/-5% as 
one of the most significant unobservable input in the cash flow estimation. 

The favourable and unfavourable effects of using reasonably possible alternative assumptions for the valuation of 
FVOCI debt securities have been calculated by modifying the credit risk rate used for the valuation by +/-15% as 
being the best estimates of the management as at 31 December 2023 and 31 December 2022 respectively. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

402 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 45: 

FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

d)  Fair value classes [continued] 

The effect of unobservable inputs on fair value measurement [continued] 

Reconciliation of the opening and closing balances of Level 3 instruments for the year ended 31 December 2023 

Loans mandatorily measured at fair value through 

profit or loss 

Securities  mandatorily  measured  at  fair  value 

through profit or loss 

Derivative  financial  instruments  designated  as 

held for trading 

Securities 

at 
comprehensive income 

fair 

value 

through 

other 

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or 

loss 

Total 

Opening balance 

Transfer to 
Level 3 

Change in FVA 
due to credit 
risk 

Change in FVA 
due to market 
factors 

Purchases/ 
Disbursement 

Settlement/Sales  Closing balance 

793,242 

9,374 

(650) 

27,415 

(16,576) 
812,805 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(980) 

93,257 

103,725 

(54,396) 

934,848 

- 

- 

1,423 

- 
443 

(359) 

(3,050) 

2,035 

(4,542) 
87,341 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
103,725 

1,332 
(53,064) 

9,015 

(3,700) 

30,873 

(19,786) 
951,250 

Reconciliation of the opening and closing balances of Level 3 instruments for the year ended 31 December 2022 

Opening 
balance 

Transfer to 
Level 3 

Change in FVA 
due to credit 
risk 

Change in FVA 
due to market 
factors 

Purchases/ 

Disbursement  Settlement/Sales  Closing balance 

Loans mandatorily measured at fair value 

through profit or loss 

Securities mandatorily measured at fair value 

through profit or loss 

Derivative financial instruments designated as 

held for trading 

Securities at fair value through other 

comprehensive income 

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or 

loss 

Total 

662,012 

9,254 

10,170 

- 

- 

- 

- 

12,105 

(20,133) 
661,303 

- 
- 

- 
11,872 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

11,872 

(23,330) 

182,259 

(39,571) 

793,242 

- 

- 

- 

(1,052) 

1,172 

(10,820) 

15,310 

1,934 
(17,958) 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
183,431 

1,623 
(37,948) 

9,374 

(650) 

27,415 

(16,576) 
812,805 

403 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 46: 

ASSETS CLASSIFIED AS HELD-FOR-SALE (in HUF mn) 

The  Bank  has  concluded  a  share  sale  and  purchase  agreement  to  sell  its  directly  and  indirectly  owned  100% 
shareholding in OTP Bank Romania S.A. to Banca Transilvania S.A. (hereinafter referred to as: BT). OTP Group 
is also selling its 100%shareholdings in its other Romanian subsidiaries, OTP Leasing Romania IFN S.A. and OTP 
Asset Management S.A.I. S.A. to BT under the transaction. 

The total selling price is EUR 347.5 million from which EUR 335 million is related to OTP Bank Romania S.A. 
Therefore impairment gain was recoreded in amount of HUF 41 billion  in the Separate Statement of Profit or Loss 
related to investment of OTP Bank Romania S.A., after that the carrying amount was reclassified to „Non-current 
asset held for sale” in the Separate Statement of Financial Position. 

The financial closing of the transaction is expected in 2024 subject to the necessary regulatory approvals. 

NOTE 47: 

SIGNIFICANT EVENTS DURING THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 

1)  Term Note Program 

See details about the event in Note 20. 

2)  Purchase of the majority stake in the Uzbek Ipoteka Bank 
See details about the event in Note 12. 

3)  Termination of financial closing of Nova KBM 
See details about the event in Note 12. 

4)  Capital increase at OTP Mortgage Bank Ltd. 
See details about the event in Note 12. 

5)  Capital increase at OTP Real Estate Ltd. 
See details about the event in Note 12. 

6)  Significant regulatory changes in Hungary 
About  the  prolongation  of  deadline  of  interest  rate  cap,  amending  the  previously  laid  down  methodology  of 
windfall tax calculation, the changes in savings and government bond markets, family support schemes, capital 
regulation and mandatory minimum reserve requirements please see details in Note 4. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

404 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 47: 

SIGNIFICANT  EVENTS  DURING  THE  YEAR  ENDED  31  DECEMBER  2023 
[continued] 

7)  Interest benchmark reform 
During  the  IBOR  reform  the  Bank  identified  several  risks  at  the  beginning  of  2021,  which  the  project  had  to 
manage and monitor closely. These risks include but are not limited to the following: 

▪  The abolution of LIBOR affected several transactions that may require automated IT solutions, 
▪  The  new  reference  rates  are  different  in  nature  from  LIBOR  that  cause  difficulties  to  settle  the  value 

▪ 

differences with the customers, 
It was necessary to implement new processes not to develop LIBOR based products, and to develop a strategy 
for removing or modifying the affected products handled by the Bank, 

▪  After termination of LIBOR, the Bank has to act under the "Fallback clauses", the clauses that regulate the 
replacement of the reference interest rates in the contract and the use of an alternative interest as a reference. 
The content of these clauses needs to be clearly defined and checked from a business point of view, ie which 
reference interest rate will be applied instead of LIBOR for the given contract and whether it is commercially 
appropriate. In defining the fallback clauses,  efforts had to be made to provide a viable alternative  to the 
termination of LIBOR that would not result in a business loss for the Bank.  

▪  Legal risks related to the termination of LIBOR. Such risks can arise when Fallback clauses are not included 
in the contracts, or the law governing the contract doesn’t contain a statutory reference rate. In these cases 
the contracts can be cancelled due to impossibility or the termination by either party. 

▪  Missing of contractual interest rates can result in settlement disputes, compensation cases or litigation. 
▪  Business risks of the termination of LIBOR. The most significant of these are 

o 

the law governing the contract can set the applicable interest rate that can be result in a business loss for 
the Bank, 

o  business loss due to negative customer experience, 
o  operational risk, when several unique contracts must be handled in a short time 

Terminating interest rates () 
LIBOR USD* (1 week and 2 months settings), FedFund Rate  SOFR 
LIBOR GBP 
LIBOR JPY 
LIBOR EUR 
LIBOR CHF** 
EONIA 

SONIA 
TONA 
EURIBOR 
SARON 
€STR 

Alternative Reference Rates 

* The following USD LIBOR settings will be terminated after December 31, 2023: overnight and 1, 3, 6 and 12 
Months. The affected USD LIBOR contracts will be handled on an ongoing basis until the remaining USD LIBOR 
settings’ cessation date. 
**In the case of CHF LIBOR, OTP Bank acts in accordance with the implementing regulation of the European 
Commission (https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=PI_COM:C(2021)7488&from=EN). 

Amounts effected by IBOR reform as at 31 December 2023 

Reference rate 

Type of the contract 

Nominal value of the 
contract 

Pieces of contracts 

USD LIBOR 
Other LIBOR 
Total 

Loan 
Bonds (assets) 

14,592 
4,853 
19,445 

255 
1 
256 

The above LIBOR-based amounts outstanding as at 31 December 2023 will be managed at the first interest period 
therefore they do not cause a risk to the Bank or to the customers. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

405 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 47: 

SIGNIFICANT  EVENTS  DURING  THE  YEAR  ENDED  31  DECEMBER  2023 
[continued] 

8)  Risk relating to the Russian-Ukrainian armed conflict  
On 24 February 2022 Russia launched a military operation against Ukraine which is still ongoing at the date of 
this Report. Until now many countries, as well as the European Union imposed sanctions due to the armed conflict 
on Russia and Russian businesses and citizens. Russia responded to these sanctions with similar measures. 

The armed conflict and the international sanctions influence the business and economic activities significantly all 
around the world. There are a number of factors associated with the Russian-Ukrainian armed conflict and the 
international sanctions as well as their impact on global economies that could have a material adverse effect on 
(among other things) the profitability, capital and liquidity of financial institutions such as the OTP Group. 

The armed conflict and the international sanctions cause significant economic damage to the affected parties and 
in addition they cause disruptions in the global economic processes, of which the precise consequences (inter alia 
the effects on energy and grain markets, the global transport routes and international trade as well as tourism) are 
difficult to be estimated at the moment. 

It remains unclear how this will evolve through 2022 and the OTP Group continues to monitor the situation closely. 
However,  the  OTP  Group's  ability  to  conduct  business  may  be  adversely  affected  by  disruptions  to  its 
infrastructure, business processes and technology services. This may cause significant customer detriment, costs 
to reimburse losses incurred by the OTP Group’s customers, and reputational damage. 

Furthermore, the OTP Group relies on models to support a broad range of business and risk management activities, 
including informing business decisions and strategies, measuring and limiting risk, valuing exposures, conducting 
stress testing and assessing capital adequacy. Models are, by their nature, imperfect and incomplete representations 
of reality because they rely on assumptions and inputs, and as such assumptions may later potentially prove to be 
incorrect, this can affect the accuracy of their outputs. This may be exacerbated when dealing with unprecedented 
scenarios, such as the Russian-Ukrainian armed conflict and the international sanctions, due to the lack of reliable 
historical reference points and data. 

Any  and  all  such  events  mentioned  above  could have  a  material  adverse  effect on  the OTP  Group’s  business, 
financial condition, results of operations, prospects, liquidity, capital position and credit ratings, as well as on the 
OTP Group’s customers, employees and suppliers.

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

406 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (SEPARATE) 

NOTE 48: 

SIGNIFICANT EVENTS AFTER THE REPORTING PERIOD 

Summary of economic policy measures made and other relevant regulatory changes as post-balance sheet events 

Post-balance sheet events cover the period until 20 February 2024. 

Hungary 

On  23  January  2024  OTP  Bank  announced  that  notes  were  issued  with  a  value  date  of  31  January  2024,  in  the 
aggregate nominal amount of EUR 600 million. The 5 years, Non-Call 4 years Senior Preferred Notes were priced 
on 23 January 2024. 

•   On 26 January 2024 Scope Ratings affirmed Hungary's long-term local- and foreign-currency issuer and senior 

unsecured debt ratings at ‘BBB’ with stable outlook. 

•   On  29  January  2024  the  Ministry  for  National  Economy  announced  that  following  discussions  between  the 
Government and the Banking Association, based on the banks' voluntary commitment, from 1 February to 1 May 
2024, the interest margin above BUBOR rate for newly contracted Hungarian Forint-based, variable-rate corporate 
loan contracts (regardless of the purpose of the loan) will be 0%, and the margin will remain at 0% for 6 months 
from the date of disbursement of the loan, after which it may return to the normal level. At the same time, the 
Government indicated that the rate cap on outstanding variable rate MSE loans, which expires on 1 April 2024 
according to the current legislation, will not be further extended. 

•   On 30 January 2024 the National Bank of Hungary cut its key policy rate by 75 bps to 10.0%. 
•   On 2 February 2024 OTP Bank announced that it decided to terminate the project aiming at establishing a consumer 
finance joint venture company with its partners in China with a 15%shareholding, as the condition precedents were 
not fulfilled until the pertaining contractual deadlines. 

•   On 9 February 2024 OTP Bank announced that it concluded a share sale and purchase agreement to sell its directly 
and indirectly owned 100% shareholding in OTP Bank Romania S.A. to Banca Transilvania S.A. (‘BT’). OTP 
Group is also selling its 100% shareholdings in its other Romanian subsidiaries, OTP Leasing Romania IFN S.A. 
and OTP Asset Management S.A.I. S.A. to BT under the transaction. The financial closing of the transaction is 
expected in 2024 subject to the necessary regulatory approvals. 

•   On 12 February 2024 OTP Bank received a single permission from the Hungarian National Bank for the repurchase 
of treasury shares, accordingly the Bank is entitled to repurchase its own shares in the amount of HUF 60 billion 
until 31 December 2024. The total amount specified in the permission shall immediately be deducted from the 
own funds in accordance with the law. 

•   Capital increase at Merkantil Bank Ltd. See details about the event in Note 12.  
•   Capital increase at Monicomp Ltd. See details about the event in Note 12.  
•   Capital increase at Ipotek Bank. See details about the event in Note 12.  

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

407 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS IN ACCORDANCE WITH IFRS (2023) 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

408 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

OTP BANK PLC 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2023   
(in HUF mn) 

Note  

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

Cash, amounts due from banks and balances with the National Banks 
Placements with other banks 
Repo receivables 
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss 
Securities at fair value through other comprehensive income 
Securities at amortized cost 
Loans at amortized cost 
Loans mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss 
Finance lease receivables 
Associates and other investments 
Property and equipment 
Intangible assets and goodwill 
Right-of-use assets 
Investment properties 
Derivative financial assets designated as hedge accounting 
Deferred tax assets 
Current income tax receivables 
Other assets 
Assets classified as held for sale 
TOTAL ASSETS 

Amounts due to banks, the National Governments,  

deposits from the National Banks and other banks 

Repo liabilities 
Financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss 
Deposits from customers 
Liabilities from issued securities 
Derivative financial liabilities held for trading 
Derivative financial liabilities designated as hedge accounting 
Leasing liabilities 
Deferred tax liabilities 
Current income tax payable 
Provisions 
Other liabilities 
Subordinated bonds and loans 
Liabilities directly associated with assets classified as held for sale 
TOTAL LIABILITIES 

Share capital 
Retained earnings and reserves 
Treasury shares 
Total equity attributable to the parent 
Total equity attributable to non-controlling interest 
TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY 
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY 

Budapest, 20 March 2024 

5. 
6. 
7. 
8. 
9. 
10. 
11. 
11. 
36. 
12. 
13. 
13. 
36. 
14. 
15. 
35. 
35. 
16. 
50. 

17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 
21. 
22. 
23. 
36. 
35. 
35. 
24. 
24. 
25. 
50. 

26. 
27. 
28. 

29. 

7,125,049 
1,566,998 
223,884 
288,885 
1,601,461 
5,249,272 
17,676,533 
1,400,485 
1,289,712 
96,110 
523,124 
291,358 
74,698 
53,381 
41,967 
55,691 
7,773 
509,430 
1,533,333 
39,609,144 

1,940,862 
126,237 
70,707 
28,332,431 
2,095,548 
140,488 
63,899 
76,313 
28,663 
69,948 
121,119 
745,820 
562,396 
1,139,920 
35,514,351 

28,000 
4,179,322 
(120,489) 
4,086,833 
7,960 
4,094,793 
39,609,144 

4,221,392 
1,351,082 
41,009 
436,387 
1,739,603 
4,891,938 
16,094,458 
1,247,414 
1,298,752 
73,849 
464,469 
237,031 
58,937 
47,452 
48,247 
75,421 
5,650 
471,119 
- 
32,804,210 

1,463,158 
217,369 
54,191 
25,188,805 
870,682 
385,747 
27,949 
63,778 
40,094 
28,866 
131,621 
707,654 
301,984 
- 
29,481,898 

28,000 
3,395,215 
(106,862) 
3,316,353 
5,959 
3,322,312 
32,804,210 

Dr. Sándor Csányi  

Chairman and Chief Executive Officer  

László Wolf 
Deputy Chief Executive Officer

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

409 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

OTP BANK PLC 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF PROFIT OR LOSS FOR THE 
YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 
(in HUF mn) 

Note 

Year ended 
31 December 
2023 

Year ended 
31 December 
2022 

CONTINUING OPERATIONS 

Interest income calculated using the effective interest method 
Income similar to interest income  

Interest income and income similar to interest income 
Interest expense 
NET INTEREST INCOME 
Loss allowance on loans, placements, amounts due from banks  

and on repo receivables 

Change in the fair value attributable to changes in the credit risk of 
loans mandatorily measured at fair value through profit of loss  

Release of loss allowance / (Loss allowance) on securities  
at fair value through other comprehensive income and  
on securities at amortized cost 

Release of provision / (Provision) for commitments and guarantees given 
Release of impairment / (Impairment) of assets subject to  

operating lease and of investment properties 

Risk cost total 
NET INTEREST INCOME AFTER RISK COST 
Loss from derecognition 

of financial assets at amortized cost 

Modification loss 

Income from fees and commissions 
Expense from fees and commissions 
Net profit from fees and commissions  
Foreign exchange result, net 
Gain / (Loss) on securities, net 
Fair value adjustment on financial instruments  
measured at fair value through profit or loss 

Net results on derivative instruments and hedge relationships 
Profit from associates 
Goodwill impairment 
Other operating income 
Other operating expenses 
Net operating income / (expense) 
Personnel expenses 
Depreciation and amortization 
Other general expenses 
Other administrative expenses 
PROFIT BEFORE INCOME TAX  

Income tax expense 

PROFIT AFTER INCOME TAX FOR THE PERIOD 

FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS 

30. 
30. 

31. 

31. 

31. 
31. 

31. 

33. 
4. 
32. 
32. 

33. 
33. 

33. 
33. 
8., 9. 
13. 
34. 
34. 

34. 
13. 
34. 

35. 

2,314,677 
633,587 
2,948,264 
(1,561,558) 
1,386,706 

1,425,859 
475,547 
1,901,406 
(874,538) 
1,026,868 

(109,223) 

(145,159) 

(91) 

13,346 

8,831 
19,870 

(60,761) 
(5,917) 

1,332 
(79,281) 
1,307,425 

(17,182) 
(38,141) 
861,309 
(169,316) 
691,993 
13,827 
7,283 

94,613 
(12,760) 
14,766 
- 
324,266 
(110,570) 
331,425 
(478,696) 
(111,996) 
(483,645) 
(1,074,337) 
1,201,183 
(189,478) 

(1,204) 
(199,695) 
827,173 

(1,573) 
(39,997) 
716,866 
(132,375) 
584,491 
(16,302) 
(4,505) 

(4,044) 
16,360 
14,618 
(67,715) 
124,930 
(125,742) 
(62,400) 
(377,728) 
(101,125) 
(451,163) 
(930,016) 
377,678 
(58,600) 

1,011,705 

319,078 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

410 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

OTP BANK PLC 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF PROFIT OR LOSS FOR THE YEAR 
ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 [continued] 
(in HUF mn) 

PROFIT AFTER INCOME TAX FOR THE PERIOD 

FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS 

DISCOUNTINUED OPERATIONS 

Gains from disposal of subsidiary classified as held for sale 
Net (Loss) / Gain from discontinued operations 

PROFIT AFTER INCOME TAX FROM CONTINUING AND  

DISCOUNTINUED OPERATION 
From this, attributable to: 
Non-controlling interest 
Owners of the company 
Earnings per share (in HUF) 

From continuing operations 

Basic 
Diluted 

From continuing and discontinued operations 

Basic 
Diluted 

Note 

Year ended 
31 December 
2023 

Year ended 
31 December 
2022 

1,011,705 

319,078 

- 
(21,246) 

11,444 
16,559 

990,459 

347,081 

1,801 
988,658 

727 
346,354 

3,774 
3,772 

3,695 
3,693 

1,184 
1,184 

1,289 
1,288 

50. 
50. 

29. 

46. 
46. 

46. 
46. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

411 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

OTP BANK PLC 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE 
YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 
(in HUF mn) 

PROFIT AFTER INCOME TAX FOR THE YEAR 
Items that may be reclassified  

subsequently to profit or loss: 

Fair value adjustment of securities at fair value  

through other comprehensive income 

Deferred tax related to fair value adjustment of securities  
at fair value through other comprehensive income 

Net investment hedge in foreign operations 
Foreign currency translation difference 

Items that will not be reclassified  
subsequently to profit or loss: 

Fair value changes of equity instruments at fair value  

through other comprehensive income 
Deferred tax related to equity instruments at  

fair value through other comprehensive income 

Change of actuarial gain related to  

employee benefits 

Deferred tax related to change of actuarial gain related to  

employee benefits 

Other comprehensive income 

TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 

From this, attributable to: 
Non-controlling interest 
Owners of the company 

Note 

Year ended 
31 December 
2023 

Year ended 
31 December 
2022 

990,459 

347,081 

27. 

27. 
27. 
27. 

27. 

27. 

27. 

27. 

89,734 

(134,692) 

(12,779) 
(2,707) 
(200,928) 

10,816 
- 
179,623 

2,411 

5,780 

(947) 

(1,282) 

(392) 

1,059 

(8) 

(43) 

(125,616) 

61,261 

864,843 

408,342 

1,129 
863,714 

647 
407,695 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

412 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

OTP BANK PLC 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023  
(in HUF mn) 

Note 

Share 
capital 

Capital 
reserve 

Retained earnings 
and other reserves1 

Treasury 
shares 

Total equity 
attributable to 
shareholders 

Non-controlling 
interest 

Total 
equity 

Balance as at 1 January 2022 

Profit after income tax for the period 
Other Comprehensive Income 

Total comprehensive income 

Purchasing of non-controlling interest 
Decrease due to business combination 
Share-based payment 
Paid dividends for years 2019, 2020, 2021 
Adjustment related to share-based payment 
Sale of Treasury shares 
Treasury shares - loss on sale 
Treasury shares - acquisition 
Balance as at 31 December 2022 

40. 
27. 

28. 
28. 
28. 

28,000 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
28,000 

52 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
52 

3,109,457 
346,354 
61,341 
407,695 
- 
(1,321) 
2,948 
(120,248) 
4,066 
- 
(7,434) 
- 
3,395,163 

(106,941) 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
16,347 
- 
(16,268) 
(106,862) 

3,030,568 
346,354 
61,341 
407,695 
- 
(1,321) 
2,948 
(120,248) 
4,066 
16,347 
(7,434) 
(16,268) 
3,316,353 

6,198 
727 
(80) 
647 
(886) 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
5,959 

3,036,766 
347,081 
61,261 
408,342 
(886) 
(1,321) 
2,948 
(120,248) 
4,066 
16,347 
(7,434) 
(16,268) 
3,322,312 

Note 

Share 
capital 

Capital 
reserve 

Retained earnings 
and other reserves1 

Treasury 
shares 

Total equity 
attributable to 
shareholders 

Non-controlling 
interest 

Total 
equity 

Balance as at 1 January 2023 

Profit after income tax for the period 
Other Comprehensive Income 

Total comprehensive income 

Purchasing of non-controlling interest 
Increase due to business combination 
Dividend paid to non-controlling interest 
Share-based payment 
Paid dividends for year 2022 
Adjustment related to share-based payment 
Sale of Treasury shares 
Treasury shares - loss on sale 
Treasury shares - acquisition 
Balance as at 31 December 2023 

1 See details in Note 27.

29. 
40. 
27. 

28. 
28. 
28. 

28,000 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
28,000 

52 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
52 

3,395,163 
988,658 
(124,944) 
863,714 
- 
- 

3,292 
(84,000) 
3,836 
- 
(2,735) 
- 
4,179,270 

(106,862) 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
26,191 
- 
(39,818) 
(120,489) 

3,316,353 
988,658 
(124,944) 
863,714 
- 
- 
- 
3,292 
(84,000) 
3,836 
26,191 
(2,735) 
(39,818) 
4,086,833 

5,959 
1,801 
(672) 
1,129 
(159) 
3,149 
(2,118) 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
7,960 

3,322,312 
990,459 
(125,616) 
864,843 
(159) 
3,149 
(2,118) 
3,292 
(84,000) 
3,836 
26,191 
(2,735) 
(39,818) 
4,094,793 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

413 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

OTP BANK PLC 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH-FLOWS FOR THE YEAR 
ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 
(in HUF mn) 

OPERATING ACTIVITIES 
Profit after income tax for the period  

(attributable to the owners of the company) 
Net accrued interest 
Dividend income 
Depreciation and amortization 
Goodwill impairment 
(Release of loss allowance) / Loss allowance on securities 
Loss allowance on loans and placements,  

amounts due from banks and on repo receivables 

Loss allowance on investments 
(Release of loss allowance) / Loss allowance on investment properties 
Impairment on tangible and intangible assets 
Loss allowance on other assets  
(Release of provision) / Provision on off-balance sheet  

commitments and contingent liabilities 

Share-based payment 
Unrealized gains on fair value change of financial 
instrument at fair value through profit or loss  

Non-realized foreign exchange loss / (gain) 
Loss / (Gain) from sale of tangible and intangible assets 
Unrealized (gains) / losses on fair value change of  

derivative financial instruments 

Negative goodwill 

Net changes in assets and liabilities in operating activities 

Net decrease / (increase) in securities 
at fair value through profit or loss 
Net increase in compulsory reserves  

at the National Banks 

 (Increase) / Decrease in placement with other banks, 

 before loss allowance for placements 

Net increase in loans at amortized cost before  

loss allowance for loans and in loans at fair value 

Net decrease / (increase) in other assets  

before loss allowance 

Net decrease in amounts due to banks,  

the National Governments, deposits from the National 
Banks and other banks and repo liabilities 
Net increase in financial liabilities designated  

at fair value through profit or loss 
Net increase in deposits from customers 
Cash payments for the interest portion of the lease liability 
Net increase in other liabilities 
Income tax paid 

Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities 

Note 

Year ended 
31 December 
2023 

Year ended 
31 December 
2022 

988,658 
4,360 
(14,787) 
123,327 
- 
(9,066) 

116,002 
22 
(1,362) 
5,824 
11,120 

(10,052) 
3,292 

(89,577) 
6,945 
595 

346,354 
45,499 
(13,800) 
112,749 
67,715 
60,774 

155,681 
901 
1,326 
468 
15,973 

8,589 
2,948 

(84,641) 
(296,986) 
(1,281) 

(81,451) 
(198,361) 

81,440 
(3,784) 

120,890 

(133,548) 

(797,695) 

(769,233) 

(326,379) 

412,510 

(28,934) 

(2,733,463) 

95,512 

(205,916) 

27. 
13. 
13. 
9.,10. 

5-7., 11. 
12. 
14. 
13. 
16. 

24. 
40. 

33. 
33. 
13. 

33. 
42. 

8. 

5. 

6. 

11. 

16. 

17., 18. 

(205,101) 

(43,747) 

19. 
20. 
36. 
24. 
35. 

11,974 
846,428 
(3,099) 
40,695 
(152,201) 
457,579 

11,073 
3,787,573 
(2,386) 
400,077 
(74,411) 
1,148,454 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

414 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

OTP BANK PLC 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH-FLOWS FOR THE YEAR 
ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 
(in HUF mn) 
[continued] 

INVESTING ACTIVITIES 

Purchase of securities at fair value  

through other comprehensive income 
Proceeds from sale of securities at fair value  
through other comprehensive income 

Purchase of investments  
Proceeds from sale of investments 
Dividends received 
Purchase of securities at amortized cost  
Redemption of securities at amortized cost 
Purchase of property, equipment and intangible assets 
Proceeds from disposals of property,  
equipment and intangible assets 
Purchase of investment properties 
Proceeds from sale of investment properties 
Net cash paid for acquisition 

Net Cash Provided by / (Used in) Investing Activities 

FINANCING ACTIVITIES 

Cash received from issuance of securities 
Cash used for redemption of issued securities 
Cash payments for the principal portion of the lease liability 
Cash received from issuance of subordinated bonds and loans 
Cash used for redemption of subordinated bonds and loans 
Sale of Treasury shares 
Purchase of Treasury shares 
Dividends paid 

Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities 

TOTAL NET CASH PROVIDED BY 

Cash and cash equivalents  

at the beginning of the period 
Foreign currency translation 
Net change in cash and cash equivalent 
Adjustment due to discontinued operation 

Cash and cash equivalents  
at the end of the period 

Note 

Year ended 
31 December 
2023 

Year ended 
31 December 
2022 

9. 

9. 
12. 
12. 
27. 
10. 
10. 
13. 

13. 
14. 
14. 
42. 

21. 
21. 
36. 
25. 
25. 
28. 
28. 
27. 

5. 

(871,512) 

(1,129,729) 

1,176,467 
(13,910) 
- 
15,642 
(1,037,889) 
1,329,137 
(300,002) 

139,155 
(10,363) 
14,782 
577,464 
1,018,971 

1,090,039 
(172,413) 
(32,567) 
290,159 
(49,445) 
23,456 
(39,818) 
(80,159) 
1,029,252 

1,529,538 
(38,053) 
30,525 
13,800 
(32,573,247) 
31,625,182 
(275,017) 

76,136 
(20,935) 
1,127 
38,889 
(721,784) 

569,839 
(133,712) 
(24,632) 
6,418 
(4,646) 
8,913 
(16,268) 
(116,147) 
289,765 

2,505,802 

716,435 

2,597,688 
(200,253) 
2,505,802 
(43,895) 

1,701,564 
179,689 
716,435 
- 

5. 

4,859,342 

2,597,688 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

415 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 1:  ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

1.1. 

General information 

OTP Bank Plc (the “Bank” or “OTP Bank”) was established on 31 December 1990, when the previously State-
owned company was transformed into a limited liability company. The Bank’s registered office  address is 16, 
Nador Street, Budapest 1051, Hungary. 

  Due to Hungarian legislation audit services are a statutory requirement for OTP Bank. Disclosure information 
about the auditor: Ernst & Young Audit Ltd. (001165), 1132 Budapest Váci Street 20. Registered under 01-09-
267553  by  Budapest-Capital  Regional  Court,  as  registry  court.  Statutory  registered  auditor:  Zsolt  Kónya, 
registration number: 007383.  

These Consolidated Financial Statements were approved by the Board of Directors and authorised for issue on 20 
March 2024. The Bank’s owners have the power to amend the Consolidated Financial Statements after issue if 
applicable. 

In 1995, the shares of the Bank were introduced on the Budapest and the Luxembourg Stock Exchanges and were 
also traded on the SEAQ board on the London Stock Exchange and on PORTAL in the USA. 

The structure of the Share capital by shareholders (%): 

Domestic and foreign private and  

institutional investors 

Employees 
Treasury shares 
Total 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

99% 
1% 
- 
100% 

99% 
1% 
- 
100% 

The Bank’s Registered Capital consists of 280.000.010 pieces of ordinary shares with the nominal value of HUF 
100 each, representing the same rights to the shareholders. 

The Bank and its subsidiaries (“Entities of the Group“, together the “Group” or “OTP Group”) provide a full range 
of commercial banking services through a wide network of 1,439 branches in the following countries Hungary, 
Bulgaria, Romania (classified as discontinued operation), Serbia, Croatia, Russia, Ukraine, Albania, Montenegro, 
Moldova, Slovenia and Uzbekistan, as well as provides other services in the Netherlands and Malta. 

The number of the active employees without long-term breaks, and with part-time employees taken into account 
proportionately,  and  the  average  number  of  active  employees  on  monthly  basis  at  the  Group  (with  employed 
agents): 

The number of employees at the Group  
The average number of employees at the Group  

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

41,547 
40,237 

35,976 
36,168 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

416 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 1:  ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  

[continued] 

1.2. 

Basis of Accounting 

These Consolidated Financial Statements were prepared based on the assumptions of the Management that the 
Bank will remain in business for the foreseeable future and that the Bank will not be forced to halt operations and 
liquidate its assets in the near term at what may be very low fire-sale prices.  

The Entities of the Group maintain their accounting records and prepare their statutory accounts in accordance 
with the commercial, banking and fiscal regulations prevailing in Hungary and in case of foreign subsidiaries in 
accordance with the commercial, banking and fiscal regulations of the country in which they are domiciled. 

The Bank’s functional currency is the Hungarian Forint (“HUF”). It is also presentation currency for the Group. 
The financial statements of the subsidiaries used during the preparation of Consolidated Financial Statements of 
the Group have the same reporting period – starting from 1 January ending as at 31 December – like the reporting 
period of the Group.  

Due to the fact that the Bank is listed on international and national stock exchanges, the Bank is obliged to present 
its financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as adopted by 
the European Union (the “EU”). 
Certain  adjustments  have  been  made  to  the  Entities’  statutory  accounts  in  order  to  present  the  Consolidated 
Financial  Statements  of  the  Group  in  accordance  with  all  standards  and  interpretations  approved  by  the 
International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”).  

These Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with IFRS as adopted by the EU.  
The accompanying Notes to these Consolidated Financial Statements form an integral part of these Consolidated 
Financial Statements prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by EU. 

1.2.1.  The effect of adopting new and revised International Financial Reporting Standards effective from 

1 January 2023 

The following amendments to the existing standards and new interpretation issued by the International Accounting 
Standards Board (IASB) and adopted by the EU are effective for the current reporting period: 

•  Amendments  to  IAS  1  “Presentation  of  Financial  Statements”  and  IFRS  Practice  Statement  2  – 
Disclosure  of  Accounting  policies  – adopted by the EU on 2 March 2022  (effective  for  annual  periods 
beginning on or after 1 January 2023; earlier application permitted): 
o  The amendments provide guidance on the application of materiality judgements to accounting policy 
disclosures.  In  particular,  the  amendments  to  IAS  1  replace  the  requirement  to  disclose  ‘significant’ 
accounting policies with a requirement to disclose ‘material’ accounting policies. Also, guidance and 
illustrative examples are added in the Practice Statement to assist in the application of the materiality 
concept when making judgements about accounting policy disclosures. 

•  Amendments  to  IAS  8  “Accounting  policies,  Changes  in  Accounting  Estimates  and  Errors”  – 
Definition of Accounting Estimates – adopted in the EU on 2 March 2022 (effective for annual periods 
beginning on or after 1 January 2023 with earlier application permitted and apply to changes in accounting 
policies and changes in accounting estimates that occur on or after the start of that period): 
o  The amendments introduce a new definition of accounting estimates, defined as monetary amounts in 
financial statements that are subject to measurement uncertainty, if they do not result from a correction 
of prior period error. Also, the amendments clarify what changes in accounting estimates are and how 
these differ from changes in accounting policies and corrections of errors. 

•  Amendments to IFRS 17 “Insurance Contracts” – adopted by the EU on 19 November 2021 (effective 
for  annual  periods  beginning  on  or  after  1  January  2023).  IFRS  17  is  not  material  in  case  of  these 
Consolidated  Financial  Statements.  This  is  a  comprehensive  new  accounting  standard  for  insurance 
contracts, covering recognition and measurement, presentation and disclosure. IFRS 17 applies to all types 
of insurance contracts issued, as well as to certain guarantees and financial instruments with discretional 
participation contracts. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

417 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 1:  ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  

[continued] 

1.2.  Basis of Accounting [continued] 

1.2.1.  The effect of adopting new and revised International Financial Reporting Standards effective from 

1 January 2023 [continued] 

•  Amendments  to  IFRS  17  “Insurance  Contracts”  –  Initial  application  of  IFRS  17  and  IFRS  9  – 
Comparative Information – adopted by the EU on 8 September 2022 (effective date for annual periods 
beginning on or after 1 January 2023  with earlier application permitted, provided the entity also applies 
IFRS 9 Financial Instruments on or before the date it first applies IFRS 17). This is a comprehensive new 
accounting  standard  for  insurance  contracts,  covering  recognition  and  measurement,  presentation  and 
disclosure. IFRS 17 applies to all types of insurance contracts issued, as well as to certain guarantees and 
financial  instruments  with  discretional  participation  contracts.  IFRS  17  is  not  material  in  case  of  these 
Consolidated Financial Statements. 

•  Amendments to IAS 12 “Income Taxes” – Deferred Tax related to Assets and Liabilities arising from 
a Single Transaction – adopted by the EU on 11 August 2022 (effective for annual periods beginning on 
or after 1 January 2023; earlier application permitted): 
o  The amendments narrow the scope of and provide further clarity on the initial recognition exception under 
IAS 12 and specify how companies should account for deferred tax related to assets and liabilities arising 
from a single transaction, such as leases and decommissioning obligations. The amendments clarify that 
where payments that settle a liability are deductible for tax purposes, it is a matter of judgement, having 
considered the applicable tax law, whether such deductions are attributable for tax purposes to the liability 
or to the related asset component. Under the amendments, the initial recognition exception does not apply 
to transactions that, on initial recognition, give rise to equal taxable and deductible temporary differences. 
It  only  applies  if  the  recognition  of  a  lease  asset  and  lease  liability  (or decommissioning  liability  and 
decommissioning asset component) give rise to taxable and deductible temporary differences that are not 
equal. 

•  Amendments to IAS 12 “Income taxes” – International Tax Reform - Pillar Two Model Rules (effective 
immediately  upon  issuance,  but  certain  disclosure  requirements  are  effective  later).  The  Organization  for 
Economic Co-operation and Development’s (OECD) published the Pillar Two model rules in December 2021 
to ensure that large multinational companies would be subject to a minimum 15% tax rate. On 23 May 2023, 
the IASB issued International Tax Reform—Pillar Two Model Rules – Amendments to IAS 12.  
o  The amendments introduce a mandatory temporary exception to the accounting for deferred taxes arising 
from  the  jurisdictional  implementation  of  the  Pillar  Two model  rules  and  disclosure  requirements  for 
affected  entities  on  the  potential  exposure  to  Pillar  Two  income  taxes.  The  Amendments  require,  for 
periods  in  which  Pillar  Two  legislation  is  (substantively)  enacted  but  not  yet  effective,  disclosure  of 
known or reasonably estimable information that helps users of financial statements understand the entity’s 
exposure arising from Pillar Two income taxes. To comply with these requirements, an entity is required 
to disclose qualitative and quantitative information about its exposure to Pillar Two income taxes at the 
end of the reporting period. The disclosure of the current tax expense related to Pillar Two income taxes 
and  the  disclosures  in  relation  to  periods  before  the  legislation  is  effective  are  required  for  annual 
reporting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023, but are not required for any interim period ending 
on or before 31 December 2023. 

The  adoption  of  these  amendments  to  the  existing  standards  has  not  led  to  any  material  changes  in  these 
Consolidated Financial Statements. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

418 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 1:  ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  

[continued] 

1.2.  Basis of Accounting [continued] 

1.2.2.  New and revised Standards and Interpretations issued by IASB and adopted by the EU but not yet 

effective 

•  Amendments to IAS 1 “Presentation of Financial Statements” - Classification of Liabilities as Current 
or  Non-Current  (effective  for  annual  periods  beginning  on  or  after  1  January  2024;  earlier  application 
permitted and will need to be applied retrospectively in accordance with IAS 8): 
o  The objective of the amendments is to clarify the principles in IAS 1 for the classification of liabilities 
as either current or non-current. The amendments clarify the meaning of a right to defer settlement, the 
requirement for this right to exist at the end of the reporting period, that management intent does not 
affect  current  or  non-current  classification,  that  options  by  the  counterparty  that  could  result  in 
settlement by the transfer of the entity’s own equity instruments do not affect current or non-current 
classification. Also, the amendments specify that only covenants with which an entity must comply on 
or before the reporting date will affect a liability’s classification. Additional disclosures are also required 
for non-current liabilities arising from loan arrangements that are subject to covenants to be complied 
with within twelve months after the reporting period. 

•  Amendments  to  IFRS  16  “Leases”  –  Lease  Liability  in  a  Sale  and  Leaseback  (effective  for  annual 

periods beginning on or after 1 January 2024; earlier application permitted): 
o  The  amendments are intended to improve the  requirements that  a  seller-lessee uses in measuring the 
lease  liability  arising  in  a  sale  and  leaseback  transaction  in  IFRS  16,  while  it  does  not  change  the 
accounting  for  leases  unrelated  to  sale  and  leaseback  transactions.  In  particular,  the  seller-lessee 
determines ‘lease payments’ or ‘revised lease payments’ in such a way that the seller-lessee would not 
recognize  any  amount  of  the  gain  or  loss  that  relates  to  the  right  of  use  it  retains.  Applying  these 
requirements  does  not  prevent  the  seller-lessee  from  recognizing,  in  profit  or  loss,  any  gain  or  loss 
relating to the partial or full termination of a lease. A seller-lessee applies the amendment retrospectively 
in  accordance  with  IAS  8  to  sale  and  leaseback  transactions  entered  into  after  the  date  of  initial 
application, being the beginning of the annual reporting period in which an entity first applied IFRS 16. 

1.2.3.  Standards and Interpretations issued by IASB, but not yet adopted by the EU  

At present, IFRS as adopted by the EU do not significantly differ from  regulations adopted by the International 
Accounting Standards Board (IASB) except for the following new standards, amendments to the existing standards 
and new interpretation, which were not endorsed for use in EU as at the date of publication of these Consolidated 
Financial Statements: 

•  Amendments to IAS 7 “Statement of Cash Flows” and IFRS 7 “Financial Instruments Disclosure  - 
Supplier Finance Arrangements” (effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 
2024, with earlier application permitted): 
o  The amendments supplement requirements already in IFRS and require an entity to disclose the terms 
and conditions of supplier finance arrangements. Additionally, entities are required to disclose at the 
beginning and end of reporting period the carrying amounts of supplier finance arrangement financial 
liabilities and the line items in which those liabilities are presented as well as the carrying amounts of 
financial liabilities and line items, for which the finance providers have already settled the corresponding 
trade  payables.  Entities  should  also  disclose  the  type  and  effect  of  non-cash  changes  in  the  carrying 
amounts of supplier finance arrangement financial liabilities, which prevent the carrying amounts of the 
financial liabilities from being comparable. Furthermore, the amendments require an entity to disclose 
at the beginning and end of the reporting period the range of payment due dates for financial liabilities 
owed to the finance providers and for comparable trade payables that are not part of those arrangements. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

419 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 1:  ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  

[continued] 

1.2.  Basis of Accounting [continued] 

1.2.3.  Standards and Interpretations issued by IASB, but not yet adopted by the EU [continued]  

•  Amendments  to  IAS  21  “The  Effects  of  Changes  in  Foreign  Exchange  Rates”  –  Lack  of 
Exchangeability (effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2025, with earlier 
application permitted): 
o  The amendments specify how an entity should assess whether a currency is exchangeable and how it 
should determine a spot exchange rate when exchangeability is lacking. A currency is considered to be 
exchangeable into another currency when an entity is able to obtain the other currency within a time 
frame that allows for a normal administrative delay and through a market or exchange mechanism  in 
which  an  exchange  transaction  would  create  enforceable  rights  and  obligations.  If  a  currency  is  not 
exchangeable  into  another  currency,  an  entity  is  required  to  estimate  the  spot  exchange  rate  at  the 
measurement date.  An  entity’s objective in estimating  the  spot exchange rate  is  to reflect  the rate at 
which  an  orderly  exchange  transaction  would  take  place  at  the  measurement  date  between  market 
participants  under  prevailing  economic  conditions.  The  amendments  note  that  an  entity  can  use  an 
observable exchange rate without adjustment or another estimation technique. 

•  Amendments to IFRS 10 “Consolidated Financial Statements” and IAS 28 “Investments in Associates 
and Joint Ventures” – Sale or Contribution of Assets between an Investor and its Associate or Joint 
Venture and further amendments (effective date deferred indefinitely until the research project on the 
equity method has been concluded): 
o  The amendments address an acknowledged inconsistency between the requirements in IFRS 10 and those 
in IAS 28, in dealing with the sale or contribution of assets between an investor and its associate or joint 
venture.  The  main  consequence  of  the  amendments  is  that  a  full  gain  or  loss  is  recognized  when  a 
transaction  involves  a  business  (whether  it  is  housed  in  a  subsidiary  or  not).  A  partial  gain  or  loss  is 
recognized when a transaction involves assets that do not constitute a business, even if these assets are 
housed  in  a  subsidiary.  In  December  2015  the  IASB  postponed  the  effective  date  of  this  amendment 
indefinitely pending the outcome of its research project on the equity method of accounting. 

The Group anticipates that the adoption of these new standards, amendments to the existing Standards and new 
interpretations will have no significant impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Group in the period 
of initial application. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

420 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 2: 

SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

Material accounting policies applied in the preparation of the accompanying  Consolidated Financial Statements 
are summarized below: 

2.1. 

Basis of Presentation 

These  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  have  been  prepared  under  the  historical  cost  convention  with  the 
exception of certain financial instruments, which are recorded at fair value. Revenues and expenses are recorded 
in the period in which they are earned or incurred. The Group does not offset assets and liabilities or income and 
expenses unless it is required or permitted by an IFRS standard. 

During  the  preparation  of  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  assets  and  liabilities,  income  and  expenses  are 
presented separately, except in certain cases, when one of the IFRS standards prescribes net presenting related to 
certain items (see note 2.5.5. below). 

The presentation of Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with IFRS as adopted by the EU requires the 
Management  of  the  Group  to  make  estimates  and  assumptions  that  affect  the  reported  amounts  of  assets  and 
liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date  of the financial statements and their 
reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those 
estimates. 
Future changes in economic conditions, business strategies, regulatory requirements, accounting rules and other 
factors could result in a change in estimates that could have a material impact on future financial statements. 

2.2. 

Foreign currency translation 

In  preparing  the  financial  statements  of  each  individual  group  entity,  transactions  in  currencies  other  than  the 
entity's functional currencies are translated into functional currencies at the rates of exchange prevailing at the 
dates of the transactions. At the end of each reporting period, monetary items denominated in foreign currencies 
are retranslated at the exchange rates quoted by the National Bank of Hungary (“NBH”), or if there is no official 
rate, at exchange rates quoted by OTP Bank as at the date of the Consolidated Financial Statements.  

Non-monetary items carried at fair value that are denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates 
prevailing  at  the  date  when  the  fair value  was  determined.  Non-monetary  items  that  are  measured  in  terms  of 
historical cost in a foreign currency are not retranslated. 
Exchange differences on monetary items are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they arise except 
for: 

- exchange  differences  on  foreign  currency  borrowings  relating  to  assets  under  construction  for  future 
productive use, which are included in the cost of those assets when they are regarded as an adjustment to 
interest costs on those foreign currency borrowings; 

- exchange differences on transactions entered into in order to hedge certain foreign currency risks (see note 

2.5.4. below for hedging accounting policies); and 

- exchange  differences  on  monetary  items  receivable  from  or  payable  to  a  foreign  operation  for  which 
settlement is neither planned nor likely to occur (therefore forming part of the net investment in the foreign 
operation), which are recognized initially in Other Comprehensive Income and reclassified from equity to 
profit or loss on repayment of the monetary items.  

For the purposes of presenting Consolidated Financial Statements, the assets and liabilities of the Group's foreign 
operations are translated into HUF using exchange rates prevailing at the end of each reporting period. Income and 
expense  items  are  translated  at  the  average  exchange  rates  for  the  period,  unless  exchange  rates  fluctuate 
significantly during that period, in which case the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions are used. Exchange 
differences arising, if any, are recognized in Other Comprehensive Income and accumulated in equity (attributed 
to non-controlling interests as appropriate). 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

421 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 2:  

SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES [continued] 

2.2.   Foreign currency translation [continued] 

On the disposal of a foreign operation (i.e. a disposal of the Group's entire interest in a foreign operation, or a 
disposal involving loss of control over a subsidiary that includes a foreign operation, a disposal involving loss of 
joint  control  over  a  jointly  controlled  entity  that  includes  a  foreign  operation,  or  a  disposal  involving  loss  of 
significant  influence  over  an  associate  that  includes  a  foreign  operation),  all  of  the  exchange  differences 
accumulated in equity in respect of that operation attributable to the owners of the Group are reclassified to profit 
or loss.  

In addition, in relation to a partial disposal of a subsidiary that does not result in the Group losing control over the 
subsidiary,  the  proportionate  share  of  accumulated  exchange  differences  are  re-attributed  to  non-controlling 
interests and are not recognized in profit or loss.  

Goodwill and fair value adjustments on identifiable assets and liabilities acquired arising on the acquisition of a 
foreign operation are treated as assets and liabilities of the foreign operation and translated at the rate of exchange 
prevailing  at  the  end  of  each  reporting  period.  Exchange  differences  arising  are  recognized  in  Other 
Comprehensive Income and accumulated in equity.  

2.3. 

Principles of consolidation 

As the ultimate parent, OTP Bank is preparing Consolidated Financial Statements of the Group. 

These Consolidated Financial Statements combine the assets, liabilities, equity, income, expenses and cash flows 
of the Bank and of those subsidiaries of the Bank in which the Bank exercises control.  
All  intra-group  transactions  are  consolidated  fully  on  a  line-by-line  basis  while  under  equity  method  other 
consolidation rules are applied. Determination of the entities which are involved into the consolidation procedures  
based on the determination of the Group’s Control over another entity. Control exists when the Bank has power 
over  the  investee,  is  able  to  use  this  power  and  is  exposed  or  has  right  to  variable  returns.  Consolidation of a 
subsidiary should begin from the date when the Group obtains control and cease when the Group loses control. 
Therefore, income and expenses of a subsidiary should be included in the Consolidated Financial Statements from 
the date the Group gains control of the subsidiary until the date  when the Group ceases to have control of the 
subsidiary. 
The list of the major fully consolidated subsidiaries, the percentage of issued capital owned by the Bank and the 
description of their activities is provided in Note 43.  

2.4. 

Accounting for acquisitions 

Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method. Any goodwill arising on acquisition is 
recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position and accounted for as indicated below.  
The acquisition date is the date on which the acquirer effectively obtains control over the  acquiree. Before this 
date, it should be presented as Advance for investments within Other assets. 
Goodwill, which represents the residual cost of the acquisition after obtaining the control over the acquiree in the 
fair value of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed is held as an intangible asset and recorded at 
cost less any accumulated impairment losses in the Consolidated Financial Statements. The Group tests goodwill 
for impairment by comparing its recoverable amount with its carrying amount, and recognising any excess of the 
carrying  amount  over  the  recoverable  amount  an  impairment  loss.  The  recoverable  amount  of  goodwill  is  the 
higher of its fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. 

If the Group loses control of a subsidiary, derecognizes the assets (including any goodwill) and liabilities of the 
subsidiary at their carrying amounts at the date when control is lost and recognizes any difference as a gain or loss 
on  the  sale  attributable  to  the  parent  in  the  Consolidated  Statement  of  Profit  or  Loss  on  Net  income  from 
discontinued operations. 

Goodwill acquired in a business combination is tested for impairment annually or more frequently if events or 
changes  in  circumstances  indicate.  The  goodwill  is  allocated  to  the  cash-generating  units  that  are  expected  to 
benefit from the synergies of the combinations. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

422 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 2:  

SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES [continued] 

2.4.   Accounting for acquisition [continued] 

The Group calculates the fair value of identified assets and liabilities assumed on discounted cash-flow model. 
The 3 year period explicit cash-flow model serves as a basis for the impairment test by which the Group defines 
the impairment need on goodwill based on the strategic factors and financial data of its cash-generating units.  

The Group, in its strategic plan, has taken into consideration the effects of the present global economic situation, 
the present economic growth and outlook, the associated risks and their possible effect on the financial sector as 
well as the current and expected availability of wholesale funding. 

Negative  goodwill  (gain  from  bargain  purchase),  when  the  interest  of  the  acquirer  in  the  net  fair  value  of  the 
acquired identifiable net assets exceeds the cost of the business combination, is recognized immediately in the 
Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss as “Other income”. 

The Group measures non-controlling interests that are present ownership interests and entitle their holders to a 
proportionate share of the subsidiaries’ net assets in the event of liquidation at cost and are disclosed among equity. 
In case of equity investments measured at fair value through profit or loss in line with IFRS 9, non-controlling 
interests are measured at fair value to avoid any accounting mismatch. These types of non-controlling interests are 
disclosed as financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss. 

2.5. 

Financial assets 

2.5.1.   Business model and SPPI test 

A business model refers to how the Group manages its financial instruments in order to generate cash flows. It is  
determined at a level that reflects how groups of financial instruments are managed rather than at an instrument 
level. 

The financial assets held by the Group are classified into three categories depending on the business model within 
the financial assets are managed.  

•  Business model whose objective is to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows. Some 
sales can be consistent with hold to collect business model and the Group assesses the nature, frequency 
and significance of any sales occurring. The Group does not consider the sale frequent when at least six 
months have elapsed between sales. The significant sales are those when the sales exceed 2% of the total 
hold to collect portfolio. Within this business model the Group manages mainly loans and advances and 
long-term securities and other financial assets.  

•  Business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial 

assets. Within this business model the Group only manages securities. 

•  Business model whose objective is to achieve gains in a short-term period. Within this business model  the 

Group manages securities and derivative financial instrument. 

If cash flows are realised in a way that is different from the expectations at the date that the Bank/Group assessed 
the business model, that does not give rise to a prior error in the Group’s financial statements nor does it change 
the classification of the remaining financial assets held in that business model. 
When, and only when the Group changes its business model for managing financial assets it reclassifies all affected 
assets. Such changes are determined by the Group’s senior management as a result of external or internal changes 
and  must  be  significant  to  the  Group’s  operations  and  demonstrable  to  external  parties.  The  Group  shall  not 
reclassify any financial liability. 

Classification of a financial asset is based on the characteristics of its contractual cash flows if the financial asset 
is held within a business model whose  objective  is to hold assets to collect contractual cash flows or within a 
business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets. 
The  Group  should  determine  whether  the  asset’s  contractual  cash  flows  are  solely  payments  of  principal  and 
interest  on  the  principal  amount  outstanding  (SPPI  test).  Contractual  cash  flows  that  are  solely  payments  of 
principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding are consistent with a basic lending arrangement.  

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

423 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 2:  

SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES [continued] 

2.5.  Financial assets [continued] 

2.5.1.   Business model and SPPI test [continued] 

Contractual terms that introduce exposure to risks or volatility in the contractual cash flows that is unrelated to a 
basic lending arrangement, such as exposure to changes in equity prices or commodity prices, do not give rise to 
contractual cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding. The 
Group  assesses  whether  contractual  cash  flows  are  solely  payments  of  principal  and  interest  on  the  principal 
amount outstanding for the currency in which the financial asset is denominated. 

The  time  value  of  money  is  the  element  of  interest  that  provides  consideration  for  only  the  passage  of  time. 
However, in some cases, the time value of money element may be modified. In such cases, the Group assesses the 
modification to determine whether the contractual cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest 
on the principal amount outstanding. 

When  assessing  a  modified  time  value  of  money  element,  the  objective  is  to  determine  how  different  the 
undiscounted contractual cash flows could be from undiscounted cash flows that would arise if the time value of 
money element was not modified (the benchmark cash flows). The benchmark instrument can be an actual or a 
hypothetical financial asset. If the undiscounted contractual cash flows significantly – above 2% – differ from the 
undiscounted benchmark cash flows, the financial asset should be subsequently measured at fair value through 
profit or loss. 

2.5.2.   Securities at amortized cost 

The Group measures at amortized cost those securities which are held for contractual cash collecting purposes, 
and contractual terms of these securities give rise to cash flows that are solely payment of principal and interest 
on the principal amount outstanding. The Group initially recognizes these securities at fair value. Securities at 
amortized  cost  are  subsequently  measured  using  the  effective  interest  (“EIR”)  method  and  are  subject  to 
impairment. The amortisation of any discount or premium on the acquisition of a security at amortized cost is part 
of the amortized cost and is recognized as interest income so that the revenue recognized in each period represents 
a constant yield on the investment. Securities at amortized cost are accounted for on a trade date basis.  
Such securities comprise mainly securities issued by the Hungarian and foreign Governments, corporate bonds, 
mortgage bonds, interest-bearing and discounted treasury bills. 

2.5.3.  Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss 

2.5.3.1.  Securities held for trading 

Investments in securities are accounted for on a trade date basis and are initially measured at fair value. Securities 
held for trading are measured at subsequent reporting dates at fair value, so unrealized gains and losses on held for 
trading securities are recognized in profit or loss and included in the Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss for 
the  period.  The  Group  holds  held  for  trading  securities  within  the  business  model  to  obtain  short-term  gains, 
consequently realized and unrealized gains and losses are recognized in the net operating income, while interest 
income is recognized in income similar to interest income.  
Such  securities  consist  of  equity  instruments,  shares  in  investment  funds,  Hungarian  and  foreign  government 
bonds, corporate bonds, discounted treasury bills, mortgage bonds and other securities.  

2.5.3.2.  Financial assets designated as fair value through profit or loss 

The Group may - at initial recognition - irrevocable designate a financial asset as measured at fair value through 
profit or loss that would otherwise be measured at fair value through other comprehensive income or at amortized 
cost. 
The Group uses fair value designation if the classification eliminates or significantly reduces a measurement or 
recognition inconsistency that would otherwise arise from measuring assets or liabilities or recognising the gains 
and losses on them on different bases (‘accounting mismatch’). 

The use of the fair value designation is based only on direct decision of management of the Group. The Group 
currently doesn’t apply this method. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

424 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 2:  

SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES [continued] 

2.5.  Financial assets [continued] 

2.5.3.  Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss [continued] 

2.5.3.3.  Derivative financial instruments 

In  the  normal  course  of  business,  the  Group  is  a party  to  contracts  for  derivative  financial  instruments,  which 
represent a low initial investment compared to the notional value of the contract and their value depends on value 
of underlying asset and are settled in the future. The derivative financial instruments used include interest rate 
forward or swap agreements and currency forward or swap agreements and options. These financial instruments 
are used by the Group both for trading purposes and to hedge interest rate risk and currency exposures associated 
with its transactions in the financial markets (it is the so-called economic hedge, accounting hedge is described 
later).  

Derivative financial instruments are accounted for on a trade date basis and are initially measured at fair value and 
at subsequent reporting dates also at fair value. Fair values are obtained from quoted market prices, discounted 
cash-flow models and option pricing models as appropriate. The Group adopts a multi curve valuation approach 
for calculating the net present value of future cash-flows – based on different curves used for determining forward 
rates and used for discounting purposes. It shows the best estimation of such derivative deals that are collateralised 
as the Group has almost all of its open derivative transactions collateralised.  
Changes in the fair value of derivative financial instruments that do not qualify for hedge accounting are recognized 
in profit or loss and are included in the Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss for the period. Each derivative 
deal is determined as asset when fair value is positive and as liability when fair value is negative.  

Certain derivative transactions, while providing effective economic hedges under the risk management policy of 
the Group, do not qualify for hedge accounting under the specific rules of IFRS 9 and are therefore treated as 
derivatives  held  for  trading  with  fair  value  gains  and  losses  charged  directly  to  the  Consolidated  Statement  of 
Profit or Loss. 

Foreign currency contracts 

Foreign  currency  contracts  are  agreements  to  exchange  specific  amounts  of  currencies  at  a  specified  rate  of 
exchange, at a spot date (settlement occurs two days after the trade date) or at a forward date (settlement occurs 
more than two days after the trade date). The notional amount of these forward contracts does not represent the 
actual market or credit risk associated with these contracts. 
Foreign currency contracts are used by the Group for risk management and trading purposes. The risk management 
foreign currency contracts of the Group were used to hedge the exchange rate fluctuations of loans and deposits to 
credit institutions denominated in foreign currency. 

Foreign exchange swaps and interest rate swaps 

The Group enters into foreign exchange swap and interest rate swap (“IRS”) transactions. The swap transaction is 
an agreement concerning the swap of certain financial instruments, which usually consists of spot and one or more 
forward contracts. 
IRS  transactions  oblige  two  parties  to  exchange  one  or  more  payments  calculated  with  reference  to  fixed  or 
periodically  reset  rates  of  interest  applied  to  a  specific  notional  principal  amount  (the  base  of  the  interest 
calculation).  Notional  principal  is  the  amount  upon  which  interest  rates  are  applied  to  determine  the  payment 
streams under IRS transactions. Such notional principal amounts often are used to express the volume of these 
transactions but are not actually exchanged between the counterparties.  
IRS transactions are used by the Group for risk management and trading purposes. 

Cross-currency interest rate swaps 

The Group enters into cross-currency interest rate swap (CCIRS) transactions which have special attributes, i.e. 
the parties exchange the notional amount at the beginning and also at the maturity of the transaction. A special 
type  of  these  deals  is  the  mark-to-market  CCIRS  agreements.  For  these  kind  of  transactions  the  parties  –  in 
accordance with the foreign exchange prices – revalue the notional amount during lifetime of the transaction. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

425 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 2:  

SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES [continued] 

2.5.  Financial assets [continued] 

2.5.3.  Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss [continued] 

2.5.3.3.  Derivative financial instruments [continued] 

Equity and commodity swaps 

Equity swaps obligate two parties to exchange more payments calculated with reference to periodically reset rates 
of interest and performance of indices. A specific notional principal amount is the base of the interest calculation. 
The payment of index return is calculated on the basis of current market price compared to the previous market 
price.  In  case  of  commodity  swaps  payments  are  calculated  on  the  basis  of  the  strike  price  of  a  predefined 
commodity compared to its average market price in a period.  

Forward rate agreements (FRA) 

A  forward  rate  agreement  is an  agreement  to  settle  amounts  at  a  specified  future  date  based  on  the difference 
between an interest rate index and an agreed upon fixed rate. Market risk arises from changes in the market value 
of contractual positions caused by movements in interest rates.  

The Group limits its exposure to market risk by entering into generally matching or offsetting positions and by 
establishing and monitoring limits on unmatched positions. Credit risk is managed through approval procedures 
that establish specific limits for individual counterparties. The Group’s forward rate agreements were transacted 
for management of interest rate exposures and have been accounted for at mark-to-market fair value. 

Foreign exchange options 

A foreign exchange option is a derivative financial instrument that gives the owner the right to exchange money 
denominated in one currency into another currency at a pre-agreed exchange rate at a specified future date. The 
transaction, for a fee, guarantees a worst-case exchange rate for the futures purchase of one currency for another. 
These  options  protect  against  unfavourable  currency  movements  while  preserving  the  ability  to  participate  in 
favourable movements. 

2.5.4.  Hedge accounting 

Derivative financial instruments designated as a fair-value hedge 

Changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as hedging instruments in fair value hedges 
and that prove to be highly effective in relation to the hedged risk, are recorded in the Consolidated Statement of 
Profit or Loss along with the corresponding change in fair value of the hedged asset or liability that is attributable 
to the specific hedged risk. Changes in the fair value of hedging instrument in fair value hedges is charged directly 
to the Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss. 
The  conditions  of  hedge  accounting  applied  by  the  Bank  are  the  following:  formally  designated  as  hedge 
relationship, proper hedge documentation is prepared, effectiveness test is performed and based on it the hedge is 
qualified as effective. In the case of a financial instrument measured at amortised cost the Group recognises the 
hedging gain or loss on the hedged item as the modification of its carrying amount and it is recognised in profit or 
loss. These adjustments of the carrying amount are amortised to the profit or loss using the effective interest rate 
method. The Group starts the amortisation when the hedged item is no longer adjusted by the hedging gains or 
losses.  If  the  hedged  item  is  derecognised,  the  Group  recognises  the  unamortised  fair  value  in  profit  or  loss 
immediately.  For  fair  value  hedges  inefficiencies  and  the  net  revaluation  of  hedged  and  hedging  item  are 
recognized in the Net results on derivative instruments and hedge relationships. 
The Group implemented hedge accounting rules prescribed by IFRS 9 in 2018. For further details please see Note 
48.3. 

Derivative financial instruments designated as cash-flow hedge 

Changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as hedging instrument in cash-flow hedges 
and  that  prove  to  be  highly  effective  in  relation  to  the  hedged risk  are  recognized  in  their  effective  portion  as 
reserve  in  Other  Comprehensive  Income.  The  ineffective  element  of  the  changes  in  fair  value  of  hedging 
instrument is charged directly to the Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

426 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 2:  

SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES [continued] 

2.5.  Financial assets [continued] 

2.5.4.  Hedge accounting [continued] 

Derivative financial instruments designated as cash-flow hedge [continued] 

The Group terminates the hedge relationship if the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated or exercised, 
or the hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting. In the case of cash-flow hedges – in line with the 
standard  -  hedge  accounting  is  still  applied  by  the  Group  as  long  as  the  underlying  asset  is  derecognized  or 
terminated. When the  Group discontinues hedge accounting to a cash-flow hedge the  amount in the cash flow 
hedge reserve is reclassified to the profit or loss if the hedged future cash flows are no longer expected to occur. 
If the hedged future cash flows are still expected to occur, the amount remains in the cashflow hedge reserve and 
reclassified to the profit and loss only when the future cash flows occur. 

Net investment hedge in foreign operations 

Hedges of a net investment in a foreign operation, including a hedge of a monetary item that is accounted for as 
part of the net investment, shall be accounted for similarly to cash flow hedges.  
On  the  disposal  of  a  foreign  operation,  the  cumulative  value  of  any  gains  and  losses  recognized  in  Other 
Comprehensive Income is transferred to the Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss.  
For the purposes of presenting Consolidated Financial Statements, the assets and liabilities of the Group's foreign 
operations are translated into HUF using exchange rates prevailing at the end of each reporting period. Income and 
expense  items  are  translated  at  the  average  exchange  rates  for  the  period,  unless  exchange  rates  fluctuate 
significantly during that period, in which case the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions are used. Exchange 
differences arising, if any, are recognized in Other Comprehensive Income and accumulated in equity. The Group 
does not intend to take foreign currency risks from open foreign currency position therefore the Group uses net 
investment hedge in foreign operations to hedge the foreign currency risk arising from the net assets of subsidiaries 
with EUR functional currency. 

2.5.5.  Offsetting 

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the Consolidated Statement of Financial 
Position when the Group has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts and the transactions are 
intended to be reported in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position on a net basis. In case of the derivative 
financial instruments the Group applies offsetting and net presentation in the Consolidated Statement of Financial 
Position when the Group has the right and the ability to settle these assets and liabilities on a net basis. 

2.5.6.  Embedded derivatives 

Sometimes, a derivative may be a component of a combined or hybrid contract that includes a host contract and a 
derivative (the embedded derivative) affecting cash-flows or otherwise modifying the characteristics of the host 
instrument. An embedded derivative must be separated from the host instrument and accounted for as a separate 
derivative if, and only if: 

•  The economic characteristics and risks of the embedded derivative are not closely related to the economic 

characteristics and risks of the host contract; 

•  A separate financial instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative would meet the definition 

of a derivative as a stand-alone instrument; and 

•  The host instrument is not measured at fair value or is measured at fair value but changes in fair value are 

recognized in Other Comprehensive Income. 

As long as a hybrid contract contains a host that is a financial asset the general accounting rules for classification, 
recognition and measurement of financial assets are applicable for the whole contract and no embedded derivative 
is separated. 

Derivatives that are required to be separated are measured at fair value at initial recognition and subsequently. If 
the  Group  is  unable  to  measure  the  embedded  derivative  separately  either  at  acquisition  or  at  the  end  of  a 
subsequent financial reporting period, the Group shall designate the entire hybrid contract as at fair value through 
profit or loss. The Group shall assess whether an embedded derivative is required to be separated from the host 
contract and accounted for as a derivative when the Bank first becomes a party to the contract. 
The separation rules for embedded derivatives are only relevant for financial liabilities. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

427 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 2:  

SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES [continued] 

2.5.  Financial assets [continued] 

2.5.7.  Securities at fair value through other comprehensive income 

Securities at fair value through other comprehensive income are held within a business model whose objective is 
achieved by both collecting of contractual cash flows and selling securities. Furthermore, the contractual terms of 
these securities give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payment of principal and interest on the 
principal amount outstanding. 

Debt instruments 

Investments  in  debt  securities  are  accounted  for  on  a  trade  date  basis  and  are  initially  measured  at  fair  value. 
Securities at fair value through other comprehensive income are measured at subsequent reporting dates at fair 
value. Unrealized gains and losses on securities at fair value through other comprehensive income are recognized 
directly in Other Comprehensive Income, except for interest and foreign exchange gains/losses on monetary items, 
unless such financial asset at fair value through other comprehensive income is part of an effective hedge. Such 
gains and losses are reported when realized in Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss for the applicable period.  

For debt securities at fair value through other comprehensive income the loss allowance is calculated based on 
expected credit loss model. The expected credit loss is accounted for against Other Comprehensive Income.  
Securities at fair value through other comprehensive income are remeasured at fair value based on quoted prices 
or  amounts  derived  from  cash-flow  models.  In  circumstances  where  the  quoted  market  prices  are  not  readily 
available, the fair value of debt securities is estimated using the present value of future cash-flows and the fair 
value of any unquoted equity instruments are calculated using the EPS ratio. 

Such securities consist of Hungarian and foreign government bonds, corporate bonds, mortgage bonds, interest-
bearing Treasury bills, securities issued by the NBH and other securities.  

Fair value through other comprehensive income option for equity instruments 

The Group has elected to present in the Statement of Other Comprehensive Income changes of fair value of those 
equity instruments which are neither held for trading nor recognized as contingent consideration under IFRS 3. 
In  some  cases,  the  Group  made  an  irrevocable  election  at  initial  recognition  for  certain  equity  instruments  to 
present subsequent changes in fair value of these securities in the consolidated other comprehensive income instead 
of in profit or loss. 
The  use  of  the  “fair  value  through  other  comprehensive  income”  option  is  based  only  on  direct  decision  of 
management of the Group. 

2.5.8.  Loans, placements with other banks, repo receivables and loss allowance for loan and placements 

and repo receivable losses 

The Group measures at amortized cost those Loans and placements with other banks and repo receivables, which 
are held to collect contractual cash flows, and contractual terms of these assets give rise on specified dates to cash 
flows  that  are  solely  payments  of  principal  and  interest  on  the  principal  amount  outstanding.  These  loans  are 
recognized as Loans at amortized cost in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. The Group recognizes 
those financial assets which are not held for trading and do not give rise to contractual cash flows that are solely 
payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding as loans measured at fair value through 
profit  or  loss.  These  loans  are  recognized  as  Loans  mandatorily  at  fair  value  through  profit  or  loss  in  the 
Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. 
Those Loans and placements with other banks and repo receivables that are accounted at amortized cost, stated at 
the  principal  amounts  outstanding  (including  accrued  interest),  net  of  allowance  for  loan  or  placement  losses, 
respectively.  

In case of the above mentioned financial assets measured at amortised cost transaction fees and charges adjust the 
carrying amount at initial recognition and are included in effective interest calculation. In case of loans at fair value 
through profit or loss fees and charges are recognised when incurred in the Consolidated Statement of Profit or 
Loss. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

428 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 2:  

SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES [continued] 

2.5.  Financial assets [continued] 

2.5.8.   Loans, placements with other banks, repo receivables and loss allowance for loan and placements 

and repo receivable losses [continued] 

Loans and placements with other banks and repo receivables are derecognized when the contractual rights to the 
cash-flows expire or they are transferred. When a financial asset is derecognized the difference of the carrying 
amount and the consideration received is recognized in the profit or loss in case of financial assets at amortised 
cost the gains or losses from derecognition are presented in “Gains/losses from derecognition of financial assets 
at  amortised  cost”  line  while  in  case  of  loans  at  fair  value  through  profit  or  loss  the  gains  or  losses  from 
derecognition are presented in “Net operating income”. 
Change  in the fair value of loans at fair value through profit or loss is broken down into two components and 
presented in the Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss as follows: 

•  Portion of the change in fair value arising from changes in credit risk are presented within “Risk cost” as 
“Change in the fair value attributable to changes in the credit risk of loans mandatorily measured at fair 
value through profit of loss”. 

•  The remaining component of the change is presented in fair value within “Net operating income” as “Fair 

value adjustment on financial instruments measured at fair value through profit or loss”. 

Initially financial assets shall be recognized at fair value which is usually equal to transaction value in case of 
loans  and  placements.  However,  when  the  amounts  are  not  equal,  the  initial  fair  value  difference  should  be 
recognized. 
If  the  fair  value  of  financial  assets  is  based  on  a  valuation  technique  using  only  inputs  observable  in  market 
transactions, the Group recognizes the initial fair value difference in the Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss. 
When the fair value of financial assets is based on models for which inputs are not observable, the difference 
between  the  transaction  price  and  the  fair  value  is  deferred  and  only  recognized  in  profit  or  loss  when  the 
instrument is derecognized or the inputs became observable. 

Initial  fair  value  of  loans  lent  at  interest  below  market  conditions  is  lower  than  their  transaction  price,  the 
subsequent measurement of these loans is under IFRS 9. 

The Group recognizes a loss allowance for expected credit losses on a financial asset at each reporting date. The 
loss allowance for a financial asset equals to 12-month expected credit loss or equals to the lifetime expected credit 
losses. The maximum period over which expected credit losses shall be measured is the maximum contractual 
period over which the Group is exposed to credit risk. 

If the credit risk on a financial asset has not increased significantly since initial recognition then 12-month expected 
credit  losses,  otherwise  (in  case  of  significant  credit  risk  increase)  lifetime  expected  credit  losses  should  be 
calculated. The expected credit loss is the present value of the difference between the contractual cash flows that 
are due to the Group under the contract and the cash flows that the Group expects to receive. 

When  the  contractual  cash  flows  of  a  financial  asset  are  modified  and  the  modification  does  not  result  in  the 
derecognition  of  the  financial  asset  the  Group recalculates the  gross  carrying  amount  of the  financial  asset  by 
discounting the expected future cash flows with the  original effective interest rate  of the asset. The difference 
between the carrying amount and the present value of the expected cash flows is recognized as a modification gain 
or loss in the profit or loss. Interest and amortized cost are accounted using effective interest rate method.  

Write-offs are generally recorded after all reasonable restructuring or collection activities have taken place and the 
possibility of further recovery is considered to be remote. The loan is written off against the related account “Gain 
/ (Loss) from derecognition of financial assets at amortized cost” in the Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss. 

The  Group  applies  partial  or  full  write-off  for  loans  based  on  the  definitions  and  prescriptions  of  financial 
instruments in accordance with IFRS 9. If the Group has no reasonable expectations regarding a financial asset 
(loan) to be recovered, it will be written off partially or fully at the time of emergence.  

The  gross  amount  and  loss  allowance  of  the  loans  shall  be  written  off  in  the  same  amount  to  the  estimated 
maximum  recovery  amount  while  the  net  carrying  value  remains  unchanged.  Subsequent  recoveries  for  loans 
previously written-off partially or fully, which may have been derecognized from the books with no reasonable 
expectations for the recovery will be booked in the Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss on “Income from 
recoveries of written-off, but legally existing loan” line in Risk cost. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

429 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 2:  

SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES [continued] 

2.5.  Financial assets [continued] 

2.5.9.  Modified assets 

If the net present value of the contracted cash flows changes due to the modification of the contractual terms and 
it  is  not  qualified  as  derecognition,  modification  gain  or  loss  should  be  calculated  and  accounted  for  in  the 
Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss. Modification gain or loss is accounted in cases like restructuring – as 
defined in guidelines of the Group – prolongation, renewal with unchanged terms, renewal with shorter terms and 
prescribing capital repayment rate, if it doesn’t exist or has not been earlier. 
The changes of net present value should be calculated on portfolio level in case of retail exposures. Each retail 
contract is restructured based on restructuring frameworks. The Group has to evaluate these frameworks (and not 
individual contracts). The changes of net present value should be calculated individually on contract level in case 
of corporate portfolio. 

Among  the  possible  contract  amendments,  the  Group  considers  as  a  derecognition  and  a  new  recognition  the 
followings: 

-  merging several debts into a single debt, or one single debt splitting into several tranches, 
-  change of currency, 
-  change in counterparty, 
-  failing SPPI test after modification, 
-  interest rate change (fixed to floating or floating to fixed), 
when the discounted present value – discounted at the original effective interest rate – of the cash flows under 
the new terms is at least 10 per cent different from the discounted present value of the remaining cash flows.  

In case of derecognition and new recognition of a financial asset, the unamortized fees of the derecognized asset 
should  be  presented  as  Income  similar  to  interest  income.  The  newly  recognized  financial  asset  is  initially 
measured at fair value and is placed in stage 1 if the derecognized financial asset was in stage 1 or stage 2 portfolio. 
The newly recognized financial asset will be purchased or originated credit impaired financial asset (“POCI”) if 
the derecognized financial asset was in stage 3 portfolio or it was POCI. 

The  modification  gain  or  loss  shall  be  calculated  at  each  contract  amendments  unless  they  are  handled  as  a 
derecognition and new recognition. In case of modification the Group recalculates the gross carrying amount of 
the financial asset. To do this, the new  contractual cash flows should be discounted using the financial asset’s 
original effective interest rate (or credit-adjusted effective interest rate for POCI financial asset). Any costs or fees 
incurred adjust the carrying amount of the modified financial asset are amortized over the remaining term of the 
modified financial asset. 

2.5.10.  Purchased or originated credit impaired financial assets 

Purchased  or  originated  financial  assets  are  credit-impaired  on  initial  recognition.  A  financial  asset  is  credit-
impaired  when  one  or  more  events  that  have  a  detrimental  impact  on  the  estimated  future  cash  flows  of  that 
financial asset have occurred.  

A purchased credit-impaired asset is likely to be acquired at a deep discount. In unusual circumstances, it may be 
possible that an entity originates a credit-impaired asset, for example, following a substantial modification of a 
distressed financial asset that resulted in the derecognition of the original financial asset. 

In the case of POCI financial assets, interest income is always recognized by applying the credit-adjusted effective 
interest rate. 

For POCI financial assets, in subsequent reporting periods an entity is required to recognize: 

- 
- 

the cumulative changes in lifetime expected credit losses since initial recognition as a loss allowance, 
the impairment gain or loss which is the amount of any change in lifetime expected credit losses. 
An impairment gain is recognized (with the parallel increase of the net amortized cost of receivable) if due 
to the favourable changes after initial recognition the lifetime expected credit loss estimation is becoming 
lower than the original estimated credit losses at initial recognition. 

The POCI qualification remains from initial recognition to derecognition in the Group’s books. 

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OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 2:  

SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES [continued] 

2.6. 

Loss allowance 

A loss allowance for loans and placements with other banks and repo receivables is recognized by the Group based 
on the expected credit loss model in accordance with IFRS 9. Based on the three-stage model the recognized loss 
allowance  equals  to  12-month  expected  credit  loss  from  the  initial  recognition.  On  financial  assets  with 
significantly increased credit risk or credit impaired financial assets (based on objective evidence) the recognized 
loss allowance is the lifetime expected credit loss. 

In the case of purchased or originated credit impaired financial assets, a loss allowance is recognized in the amount 
of the lifetime expected credit loss since initial recognition. The impairment gain in the Consolidated Statement 
of Profit or Loss is recognized if lifetime expected credit loss for purchased or originated credit impaired financial 
assets at measurement date is less than the estimated credit loss at initial recognition. 

A  loss  allowance  for  loans  and  placements  with  other  banks  and  repo  receivables  represents  Management’s 
assessment for potential losses in relation to these activities. 

The default occurs when either or both of the following events have taken place:  

•  objective  criterion  meaning  that  the  credit  obligation  of  the  client  is  overdue  exceeding  the  materiality 
threshold for more than 90 consecutive days (90+ default DPD), or the obligor has breached the limit of the 
overdraft  with  an  amount  exceeding  the  materiality  threshold  for  more  than  90  consecutive  days  (90+ 
default DPD), or  

•  probability criterion meaning the probability that the obligor will be unable to pay its credit obligations in 
full (UTP= Unlikely to Pay). The following conditions indicate the occurrence of the probability criterion: 
specific  credit  risk  adjustment,  sell  of  credit  obligation  with  significant  loss,  distressed  restructuring, 
termination  of  the  contract  on  the  initiative  of  the  Bank,  Bankruptcy,  liquidation,  personal  bankruptcy, 
forced deleted status.  

Previously  described  conditions  should  result  in  default  status  mandatorily.  Moreover,  during  the  individual 
expert-based assessment the client’s default status shall be established if in the specific case the default can be 
justified on subjective basis. The default status should be terminated if in the last 3 months no other default criterion 
exists and the condition (either probability criterion or objective criterion) that resulted in the default status ceased 
at least 3 months ago. 

The  expected  loss  calculation  should  be  forward  looking.  Available  forward-looking  information  has  to  be 
included  in  the  parameter  estimation  by  using  different  scenarios,  including  forecasts  of  future  economic 
conditions. The determination of probability-weighted forward-looking scenarios are based on the OTP Group’ 
macro model. In general, there are two crisis scenarios (4-5), and three non-crisis scenarios (1-3) but the calculation 
of impairment should be based on at least two scenarios in the OTP Group. The macro conditioning is performed 
by Vasicek-model, which captures the relationship between point-in-time (PiT) and through-the-cycle (TTC) PD.  

The Vasicek PD transformation can also be used to estimate the PIT PDs of the buckets. The required parameters 
(such as correlation coefficient and macro condition parameter) can be derived from the OTP’s macro model. 
In the collective provisioning methodology credit risk and the change of credit risk can be correctly captured by 
understanding the risk characteristics of the  portfolio. At portfolio segmentation, setting the segments is a key 
element of the provisioning calculation and requires the extensive knowledge of the portfolio. The segmentation 
is  expected  to  stay  stable  from  month  to  month.  The  segmentation  must  be  performed  separately  for  each 
parameter, since in each case different factors may have relevance. 
The estimation of one-year and lifetime probability of default (PD) of collectively assessed exposures is performed 
via transition matrices. The assets should be allocated to groups representing similar credit risk based on major 
credit risk characteristics and their capability to fulfil contractual obligations. The mandatory variables of the group 
level  assessment  procedure  are  payment  delay,  deal/client  rating,  the  restructured  flag,  the  default  status  and 
product  type.  Further  segmentation  is  advisable  in  case  significant  differences  are  observed  in  probability  of 
default. Transition matrices should be determined for each portfolio segment separately. The Group model handles 
healing (from default) rate in the PD parameter, thus the calculated probabilities should be reduced by this rate. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

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IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 2:  

SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES [continued] 

2.6.   Loss allowance [continued] 

Two different methods are applied in OTP Group for LGD parameter calculation: Retail mortgage loans and non-
retail portfolios (MSE and Wholesale) that are significantly secured by mortgage: modified LGD methodology 
based  on  the  Asset  Quality  Review  (AQR)  –  the  primary  source  of  the  recovery  the  collateral  itself  but  cash 
recovery  is  also  taken  into  account.  The  calculation  is  performed  for  each  exposure  individually  based  on  the 
estimated parameters (main parameters: FSR – foreclosure success rate, SR – sales ratio, TTS – time to sale, C – 
cost, REC – cash recovery) and the actual value of collaterals (e.g. property, guarantee, surety, bail).  

For Consumer loans and car finance: recovery based LGD methodology estimated from historical recoveries. The 
LGD calculation should not be automatically identified with historic actual data. The direction and degree of the 
shift in the factors impacting the LGD, also considering the macroeconomic effects, in addition to the anticipated 
developments in those, must always be analysed. The LGD – just like the PD – is not independent of the business 
cycles either; typically it increases in parallel with the economic downturn. 

Loss allowance for loan and placements are determined at a level that provides coverage for individually identified 
credit losses. For loans for which it is not possible to determine the amount of the individually identified credit 
loss in the absence of objective evidence, a collective impairment loss is recognized. With this, the Group reduces 
the carrying amount of financial asset portfolios with similar credit risk characteristics to the amount expected to 
be recovered based on historical loss experience. 

At subsequent measurement the Group recognizes an impairment gain or loss through “Impairment gain on POCI 
loans” in the Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss as part of “Risk cost” line as an amount of expected credit 
losses or reversal which is required to adjust the loss allowance at the reporting date to the amount that is required 
to be recognized in accordance with IFRS 9. If the reason for the impairment no longer exist the impairment is 
released in the Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss for the current period.  

If a financial asset, for which previously there were no indicators of significant increase in credit risk (i.e. classified 
in Stage 1) is subsequently classified in Stage 2 or Stage 3 then loss allowance is adjusted to lifetime expected 
credit loss. If a financial asset, which was previously classified in Stage 2 or Stage 3 is subsequently classified in 
Stage 1 then the loss allowance is adjusted to the level of 12 month expected credit loss. 

Classification into risk classes 

According to the requirements of the IFRS9 the Group classifies the financial assets measured at amortized cost, 
at  fair  value  through  other  comprehensive  income  and  loan  commitments  and  financial  guarantees  into  the 
following stages: 

•  Stage  1  –  performing  financial  instruments  without  significant  increase  in  credit  risk  since  initial 

recognition 

•  Stage 2 – performing financial instruments with significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition 

but not credit-impaired  

•  Stage 3 – non-performing, credit-impaired financial instruments 
•  POCI – purchased or originated credit impaired 

In the case of trade receivables the Group applies the simplified approach and calculates only lifetime expected 
credit loss. The simplified approach is the following: 

-  for the past 3 years the average annual balance of receivables under simplified approach is calculated,  
-  the written-off receivables under simplified approach are determined in the past 3 years, 
-  historical losses are adjusted to reflect  information about current conditions and reasonable forecasts of 

future economic conditions, 

-  the loss allowance ratio is the sum of the written-off amounts divided by the sum of the average balances, 
-  the  loss  allowance  is  multiplied  by  the  end-of-year  balance,  it  is  the  actual  loss  allowance  on  these 

receivables, 

-  loss allowance should be recalculated annually. 

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OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 2:  

SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES [continued] 

2.6.   Loss allowance [continued] 

Classification into risk classes [continued] 

The  Group  assumes  that  the  credit  risk  on  a  financial  instrument  has  not  increased  significantly  since  initial 
recognition if the financial asset is determined to have low credit risk at the reporting date. This might occur if the 
financial  asset  has  a  low  risk  of  default,  the  borrower  has  a  strong  capacity  to  meet  its  contractual  cash  flow 
obligations in the near term and adverse changes in economic and business conditions in the longer term may, but 
will not necessarily, reduce the ability of the borrower to fulfil its contractual cash flow obligations. The Group 
considers sovereign exposures as having low credit risk. 

Stage 1: financial instruments for which the events and conditions specified in respect of Stage 2 and Stage 3 do 
not exist on the reporting date. 

A client or loan must be qualified as default if one or both the following two conditions occur:  

•  The client delays more than 90 days. This is considered a hard trigger. 
•  There is reasonable probability that the client will not pay all of its obligation. This condition is examined 

on the basis of probability criteria of default. 

The subject of default qualification is that exposure (on-balance and off-balance) which originates credit risk (so 
originated from loan commitments, risk-taking contracts).   

A financial instrument shows significant increase in credit risk, and is allocated to Stage 2, if in respect of which 
any of the following triggers exist on the reporting date, without fulfilling any of the conditions for the allocation 
to the non-performing stage (stage 3): 

the payment delay exceeds 30 days, 
it is classified as performing forborne, 

• 
• 
•  based on individual decision, its currency suffered a significant "shock" since the disbursement of the loan, 
• 
the transaction/client rating exceeds a predefined value or falls into a determined range, or compared to the 
historic value it deteriorates to a predefined degree, 
in the case retail mortgage loans, the loan-to-value ratio exceeds a predefined rate, 

• 
•  default on another loan of the retail client, if no cross-default exists, 
•  monitoring classification of corporate and municipal clients above different thresholds defined on group 

- 
financial difficulties at the debtor (capital adequacy, liquidity, deterioration of the instrument quality), 
-  significant decrease of the liquidity or the activity on the active market of the financial instrument can 

be observed, 
the rating of the client reflects high risk, but it is better than the default one, 

- 
-  significantly decrease in the value of the recovery from which the debtor would disburse the loan, 
-  clients under liquidation.   

A  financial  instrument  is  non-performing  and  it  is  allocated  to  Stage  3  when  any  of  the  following  events  or 
conditions exists on the reporting date: 

•  default (based on the group level default definition), 
•  classified as non-performing forborne (based on the group level forborne definition), 
• 

the monitoring classification of corporate and municipal clients above different thresholds defined on group 
level (including but not limited to): 
- 
breaching of contracts, 
- 
significant  financial  difficulties  of  the  debtor  (like  capital  adequacy,  liquidity,  deterioration  of  the 
instrument quality), 
bankruptcy, liquidation, debt settlement processes against debtor, 
forced strike-off started against debtor, 
termination of loan contract by the Bank, 
occurrence of fraud event, 
termination of the active market of the financial instrument. 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

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OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 2:  

SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES [continued] 

2.6.   Loss allowance [continued] 

Classification into risk classes [continued] 

If the exposure is no longer considered as credit impaired, the Group allocates this exposure to Stage 2. 

When loss allowance is calculated at exposures categorized into stages the following process is needed by stages: 
•  Stage  1  (performing):  loss  allowance  at  an  amount  equal  to  12-month  expected  credit  loss  should  be 

recognized,  

•  Stage 2 (significant increase in credit risk): loss allowance at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit 

loss should be recognized, 

•  Stage 3 (non-performing): loss allowance at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit loss should be 

recognized. 

For  lifetime  expected  credit  losses,  an  entity  shall  estimate  the  risk  of  a  default  occurring  on  the  financial 
instrument during its expected life. 12-month expected credit losses are a portion of the lifetime expected credit 
losses  and  represent  the  lifetime  cash  shortfalls  that  will  result  if  a  default  occurs  in  the  12  months  after  the 
reporting date (or a shorter period if the expected life of a financial instrument is less than 12 months), weighted 
by the probability of that default occurring. 

An entity shall measure expected credit losses of a financial instrument in a way that reflects: 

- 

- 
- 

an  unbiased  and  probability-weighted  amount  that  is  determined  by  evaluating  a  range  of  possible 
outcomes 
the time value of money and 
reasonable and supportable information that is available without undue cost or effort at the reporting date 
about past events, current conditions and forecasts of future economic conditions. 

2.7. 

Sale and repurchase agreements, security lending 

Where debt or equity securities are sold under a commitment to repurchase them at a pre-determined price, they 
remain on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position and the consideration received is recorded in Other 
liabilities or Amounts due to banks, the National Governments, deposits from the National Banks and other banks. 
Conversely,  debt  or  equity  securities  purchased  under  a  commitment  to  resell  are  not  recognized  in  the 
Consolidated Statement of Financial Position and the  consideration paid is recorded either in Placements with 
other banks or Deposits from customers. Interest is accrued based on the effective interest method evenly over the 
life of the repurchase agreement. 
In the case of security lending transactions, the Group does not recognize or derecognize the securities because 
believes that the transferor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of the ownership of the securities. Only a 
financial liability or financial receivable is recognized for the consideration amount. 

2.8. 

Associates and other investments 

The control is established when the Group has the right and exposure over the variable positive yield of the investee 
but the same time put up with the consequences of the negative returns and the Group by its decisions is able to 
influence the extent of the yields. 
The Group primarily considering the following factors in the process of determining the existing of the control: 
- investigation of the decision-making mechanism of the entity, 
- authority of the Board of Directors, Supervisory Board and General meeting based on the deed of association, 
- existence of investments with preferential voting rights. 
If the control can’t be obviously determined, then it should be supposed that the control does not exist. 
Significant influence is presumed by the Group to exist  – unless the contrary case is proven – when the Group 
holds 20% or more of the voting power of an investee but does not have a control. 
The Group considers a subsidiary significant when it is a financial institution or when the subsidiary contributes 
to the Groups’ total balance sheet with higher amount. The Bank considers the subsidiaries as cash generating 
units. 
Companies  where  the  Bank  has  the  ability  to  exercise  significant  influence  are  accounted  for using  the  equity 
method. Subsidiaries and associated companies that were not accounted for using the equity method and other 
investments  where  the  Bank  does  not  hold  a  significant  interest  are  recorded  according  to  IFRS  9.  When  an 
investment in an associate is held indirectly through an entity that is a venture capital fund, the Group elects to 
measure these investments in the associate at fair value through profit or loss in accordance with IFRS 9. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

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IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 2:  

SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES [continued] 

2.8.   Associates and other investments [continued] 

Under  the  equity  method,  the  investment  is  initially  recognized  at  cost,  and  the  carrying  amount  is  adjusted 
subsequently for: 

- 

- 

the Group’s share of the post-acquisition profits or losses of the investee, which are recognized in the Group’s 
Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss; and 
the distributions received from the investee, which reduce the carrying amount of the investment. 

The Group’s share of the profits or losses of the investee, or other changes in the investee’s equity, is determined 
on the basis of its proportionate ownership interest. The Group recognizes its share of the investee’s income and 
losses based on the percentage of the equity interest owned by the Group. 

Gains and losses on the sale of investments are determined based on the specific identification of the cost of each 
investment.  

2.9. 

Property and equipment, Intangible assets 

Property and equipment and Intangible assets are measured at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization 
and impairment, if any.  
Internally  generated  intangibles,  excluding  capitalized  development  costs,  are  not  capitalized  –  the  related 
expenditures are accounted as cost in the period in which they are incurred. Development costs are capitalized 
only when the technical and commercial feasibility of the asset has been clearly demonstrated, the Group has the 
intent and ability to complete the intangible asset and either use it or sell it and be able to demonstrate how the 
asset will generate future economic benefits. Amortization of these type of assets begins when development is 
completed, and the asset is available for use. During the period of development, the asset is tested for impairment 
annually. 
The Group lists mainly self-developed software among internally generated intangible assets. 
The depreciable amount (book value less residual value) of the non-current assets must be allocated over the useful 
lives. 

Depreciation and amortization are computed usually by using the straight-line method over the estimated useful 
lives of the assets based on the following annual percentages: 

Annual 
percentages 

Useful life 
period (years) 

Intangible assets 

Software 
Property right 

Property 
Machinery and office equipment 
Vehicle 

8.3% - 100.0% 
16.7% - 50.0% 
1.0% - 33.3% 
2.0% - 50.0% 
3.0% - 50.0% 

1 – 12 
2 – 6 
3 – 100 
2 – 50 
2 – 33 

Depreciation and amortization on Property and equipment and Intangible assets commence on the day such assets 
are ready to use. 
At each balance sheet date, the Group reviews the carrying value of its Property and equipment and Intangible 
assets  to  determine  if  there  is  any  indication  that  those  assets  have  suffered  an  impairment  loss.  If  any  such 
indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated to determine the extent (if any) of the impairment 
loss.  
Where  it  is  not  possible  to  estimate  the  recoverable  amount  of  an  individual  asset,  the  Group  estimates  the 
recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. 
Where the carrying value of Property and equipment and Intangible assets is greater than the estimated recoverable 
amount, it is impaired immediately to the estimated recoverable amount. 

The Group may conclude contracts for purchasing property, equipment and intangible assets, where the purchase 
price is settled in foreign currency. By entering into such agreements, firm commitment in foreign currency due 
on a specified future date arises at the Group.  
Reducing  the  foreign  currency  risk  caused  by  firm  commitment,  forward  foreign  currency  contracts  may  be 
concluded to ensure the amount payable in foreign currency on a specified future date on one hand and to eliminate 
the foreign currency risk arising until settlement date of the contract on the other hand. 
In the case of an effective hedge the realized profit or loss of the hedging instrument is stated as the part of the 
cost of the hedged asset as it has arisen until recognizing the asset.  

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IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 2:  

SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES [continued] 

2.10. 

Inventories 

Inventories are measured at the lower of cost and net realisable value. The cost of inventories comprises all costs 
of purchase, costs of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and 
condition. 
The Group uses generally FIFO formulas to the measurement of inventories. 
Inventories are removed from books when they are sold, unusable or destroyed. When inventories are sold, the 
carrying amount of those inventories are recognized as an expense in the period in which the related revenue is 
recognized.  
Repossessed assets are classified as inventories. The Group's policy is to sell  repossessed assets and not to use 
them for its internal operations. 

2.11.   Government grants and government assistance 

The Group recognise government grants only when there is a reasonable assurance that the grant will be received, 
and all attached conditions will be complied with. 
The  Group  presents  grants  relating  to  assets  as  deferred  income  in  the  Consolidated  Statement  of  Financial 
Position, which is recognized in profit or loss on a systematic basis over the useful life of the asset. 
Grants related to an expense item are recorded as another operating income in those periods when the related costs 
were recognized. 

2.12. 

Financial liabilities 

The financial liabilities are presented within these lines in the Consolidated Financial Statements: 

Financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss 

-  Amount due to banks, the National Governments, deposits from the National Banks and other banks 
-  Repo liabilities 
- 
-  Deposits from customers 
-  Liabilities from issued securities 
-  Derivative financial liabilities held for trading 
-  Derivative financial liabilities designated as hedge accounting 
-  Other financial liabilities 

At initial recognition, the Group measures financial liabilities at fair value plus or minus – in the case of a financial 
liability not at fair value through profit or loss – transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or 
issue of the financial liability. 

Usually, the initial fair value of financial liabilities equals to transaction value. However, when the amounts are 
not equal, the initial fair value difference should be recognized.  
If the fair value of financial liabilities is based on a valuation technique using only inputs observable in market 
transactions, the Group recognizes the initial fair value difference in the Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss. 
When the fair value of financial liabilities is based on models for which inputs are not observable, the difference 
between  the  transaction  price  and  the  fair  value  is  deferred  and  only  recognized  in  profit  or  loss  when  the 
instrument is derecognized or the inputs became observable. 

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are either financial liabilities held for trading or they are 
designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss. 
In connection to the derivative financial liabilities measured at fair value through profit or loss, the Group presents 
the  amount  of  change  in  their  fair  value  originated  from  the  changes  of  market  conditions  and  business 
environment.  

The Group designated some financial liabilities upon initial recognition to measure at fair value through profit or 
loss. This classification eliminates or significantly reduces a measurement or recognition inconsistency that would 
otherwise arise from measuring assets or liabilities or recognising the gains and losses on them on different bases 
(“accounting mismatch”). The changes in fair value of these liabilities are recognized in profit or loss, except the 
fair value changes attributable to credit risk which are recognized among other comprehensive income. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

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OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 2:  

SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES [continued] 

2.12.  Financial liabilities [continued] 

In the case of financial liabilities measured at amortized cost fees and commissions related to the origination of 
the financial liability are recognized through profit or loss during the maturity of the instrument using effective 
interest method. In certain cases, the Group repurchases a part of financial liabilities (mainly issued securities or 
subordinated bonds) and the difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability and the amount paid 
for it is recognized in the net profit or loss for the period and included in other operating income. 

2.13. 

Leases 

The Group as a lessor 

Leases  are  classified  as  finance  leases  whenever  the  terms  of  the  lease  transfer  substantially  all  the  risks  and 
rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases are classified as operating leases. Lease classification is made 
at the inception date and is reassessed only if there is a lease modification. 

Finance leases 

At  the  commencement  date,  a  lessor  derecognizes  the  assets  held  under  a  finance  lease  in  the  Consolidated 
Statement of Financial Position and present them as a receivable at an amount equal to the net investment in the 
lease. The lessor shall use the interest rate implicit in the lease to measure the net investment in the lease. Direct 
costs such as commissions are included in the initial measurement of the finance lease receivables. 
The Group as a lessor recognizes finance income  over the lease term, based on a pattern reflecting a constant 
periodic rate of return on the Group’s net investment in the lease. The Group applies the lease payments relating 
to the period against the gross investment in the lease to reduce both the principal and the unearned finance income. 
The Group applies the derecognition and impairment requirements in IFRS 9 to the net investment in the lease (for 
more details, see Note 2.6.).  

Operating leases 

The Group as a lessor recognizes lease payments from operating leases as income on either a straight-line basis or 
another systematic basis.  Costs, including depreciation, incurred in earning the lease income are recognized as an 
expense. 
Initial direct costs incurred in obtaining an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the underlying asset 
and recognized as an expense over the lease term on the same basis as the lease income. 
The depreciation policy for depreciable underlying assets subject to operating leases is consistent with the Group’s 
normal depreciation policy for similar assets. The Group accounts for a modification to an operating lease as a 
new lease from the effective date of the modification, considering any prepaid or accrued lease payments relating 
to the original lease as part of the lease payments for the new lease. 

The Group as a  lessee 

The Group recognizes a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the commencement of the lease term except for 
short-term leases and leases, where the underlying asset is of low value (less than USD 5,000). For these leases, 
the Group recognizes the lease payments as an expense on either a straight-line basis over the lease term or another 
systematic basis if that basis is more representative of the pattern of the lessee’s benefit. 

Deferred tax implication if the Group is lessee: At the inception of the lease, there is no net lease asset or liability, 
no tax base and, therefore, no temporary difference. Subsequently, as depreciation on the right-of-use asset initially 
exceeds the rate at which the debt reduces, a net liability arises resulting in a deductible temporary difference on 
which a deferred tax asset should be recognized if recoverable. Assuming that the lease liability is not repaid in 
advance,  the  total  discounted  cash  outflows  should  equal  the  total  rental  payments  deductible  for  income  tax 
purposes. 

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IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 2:  

SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES [continued] 

2.13.   Leases [continued] 

Right-of-use asset  

The right-of-use assets are presented separately in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position and initially 
measured at cost, subsequently the Group applies the cost model and these assets are depreciated on a straight line 
basis from the commencement date to the earlier of the end of the useful life of the right-of-use asset or the end of 
the lease term. If the lease transfers ownership of the underlying asset to the Group by the end of the lease term or 
if the cost of the right-of-use asset reflects that the Group will exercise a purchase option, the right-of-use asset 
are depreciated from the commencement date to the end of the useful life of the underlying asset. 

Lease liability 

At the commencement date, the lease liability is measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not 
paid at that date discounted by using the rate implicit in the lease, or if this cannot be determined, by using the 
incremental borrowing rate of the Group.Variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or a rate but e.g. 
on revenues or usage are recognized as an expense. The Group always separates the non-lease components of the 
lease contracts and accounts them as an expense. Lease payments must be included in the measurement of the 
lease liability without value added taxes. Non-deductible VAT is recognized as other expense. 

The lease liability is remeasured in the event of a reassessment of the lease liability or lease modification 

2.14. 

Investment properties 

Investment properties of the Group are land, buildings, part of buildings which held (as the owner or as the lessee 
under a finance lease) to earn rentals or for capital appreciation or both, rather than for use in the production or 
supply of services or for administrative purposes or sale in the ordinary course of business. The Group measures 
the investment properties at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment, if any.  
The depreciable amount (book value less residual value) of the investment properties must be allocated over their 
useful lives. The depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method over the estimated 
useful lives of the assets. 
The Group discloses the fair value of the investment properties in Note 14 established mainly by external experts. 

2.15. 

Share capital 

Share  capital  is  the  capital  determined  in  the  Articles  of  Association  and  registered  by  the  Budapest-Capital 
Regional Court. Share capital is the capital the Bank raised by issuing common stocks at the date the shares were 
issued. The amount of share capital has not changed over the current period.  

2.16. 

Treasury shares 

Treasury shares are shares which are purchased on the stock exchange and the over-the-counter market by the 
Bank  and  its  subsidiaries  and  are  presented  in  the  Consolidated  Statement  of  Financial  Position  at  cost  as  a 
deduction from Consolidated Shareholders’ Equity. 
Gains and losses on the sale of treasury shares are credited or charged directly to shareholder’s equity.  

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OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 2:  

SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES [continued] 

2.17.  Non-current assets held-for-sale and discontinued operations 

A discontinued operation is a component of an entity that either has been disposed of or is classified as held-for-
sale.  Hereinafter  non-current  assets  classified  as  held-for-sale,  disposal  group  and  discontinued  operations  are 
referred to as assets in accordance with IFRS 5. 
The Group classifies assets under IFRS 5 if their carrying amount will be recovered principally through a sale 
transaction rather than through continuing use. The Group does not account for an asset under IFRS 5 that has 
been temporarily taken out of use as if it had been abandoned. 
The Group measures an asset under IFRS 5 at the lower of its carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell. 
When the sale is expected to occur beyond one year, the Group measures the costs to sell at their present value.  

Any increase in the present value of the costs to sell that arises from the passage of time shall be presented in profit 
or loss. Immediately before the initial classification of the asset under IFRS 5, the carrying amounts of the asset 
(or all the assets and liabilities in the group) are measured in accordance with applicable IFRS. 

The Group does not depreciate (or amortize) an asset under IFRS 5 while it is classified as asset in accordance 
with IFRS 5. Interest and other expenses attributable to the liabilities of the asset under IFRS 5 shall continue to 
be recognized. 

If the Group has classified an asset under IFRS 5, but the criteria for that are no longer met, the Group ceases to 
classify the asset under IFRS 5. The Group measures these assets which cease to be classified as asset under IFRS 
5 at the lower of:  

-  its  carrying  amount  before  the  asset  was  classified  as  asset  under  IFRS  5,  adjusted  for  any  depreciation, 
amortisation or revaluations that would have been recognized had the asset not been classified as asset under 
IFRS 5, and 

-  its recoverable amount at the date of the subsequent decision not to sell. 

The Group presents an asset  classified as asset under IFRS 5 separately from other assets in the  Consolidated 
Statement  of  Financial  Position.  The  liabilities  of  the  asset  under  IFRS  5  are  presented  separately  from  other 
liabilities in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. Those assets and liabilities shall not be offset and 
presented as a single amount. The major classes of assets and liabilities classified as held for sale or discontinued 
operations are separately disclosed in the Notes. 
The  Group  presents  separately  any  cumulative  income  or  expense  recognized  in  other  comprehensive  income 
relating to a non-current asset (or disposal group) classified as held for sale. Results from discontinued operations 
are reported separately in the Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss as result from discontinued operations. 

2.18. 

Interest income and income similar to interest income and interest expense 

Interest income and expense are recognized in profit or loss in the period to which they relate, using the effective 
interest rate method.  
For  exposures  categorized  into  Stage  1  and  Stage  2  the  interest  income  is  recognized  on  a  gross  basis.  For 
exposures categorized into Stage 3 (using effective  interest rate) and for POCI (using credit-adjusted effective 
interest rate) the interest income is recognized on a net basis. 
The time-proportional income similar to interest income of derivative financial instruments is calculated without 
using the effective interest method and the positive fair value adjustment of interest rate swaps are included in 
income similar to interest income.  

Interest income of loans at fair value through profit or loss is calculated based on interest fixed in the contract and 
presented in “Income similar to interest income” line. 
Interest  from  loans  and  deposits  are  accrued  on  a  daily  basis.  Interest  income  and  expense  include  certain 
transaction  costs  and  the  amortisation  of  any  discount  or  premium  between  the  initial  carrying  amount  of  an 
interest-bearing instrument and its amount at maturity calculated on an effective interest rate basis. 

All interest income and expense recognized are arising from loans, placements with other banks, repo receivables, 
securities at fair value through other comprehensive income, securities at amortized cost and amounts due to banks, 
repo  liabilities,  deposits  from  customers,  liabilities  from  issued  securities,  subordinated  bonds  and  loans  are 
presented under these lines of Consolidated Financial Statements. 

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IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 2:  

SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES [continued] 

2.19.  Revenue recognition 

The Group recognizes revenue from the following major sources: 
-  fee and commission income from financial services 
-  other revenue from customers. 

2.19.1.   Fees and commissions 

Fees  and  commissions  that  are  not  involved  in  the  amortized  cost  model  are  recognized  in  the  Consolidated 
Statement of Profit or Loss on an accrual basis according to IFRS 15 Revenue from contracts with customers. 
These fees are related to deposits, cash withdrawals, security trading, bank card etc.  

The Group earns fee and commission income from a diverse range of financial services it provides to its customers. 
Fee and commission income is recognised at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Group expects 
to be entitled in exchange for providing the services. The performance obligations, as well as the timing of their 
satisfaction, are identified, and determined, at the inception of the contract. When the Group provides a service to 
its customers, consideration is invoiced and generally due immediately because it typically controls the services 
before transferring them to the customer. 

The  Group  provides  foreign  exchange  trading  services  to  its  customers,  the  profit  margin  achieved  on  these 
transactions is presented as Net profit from fees and commissions in the Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss.  

Performance obligations satisfied over time include asset management, deposit and account maintenance services, 
where the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided by the Group’s performance as 
the Group performs. 

The Group’s fee and commission income from services where performance obligations are satisfied over 
time are followings: 

Deposit and account maintenance fees and commissions and fees related to cash withdrawal 

The Group provides a number of account management services for both retail and corporate customers in which 
they charge a fee. Fees related to these services can be typically account transaction fees (money transfer fees, 
direct debit fees, money standing order fees, etc.), internet banking fees (e.g. OTP Direct fee), account control fees 
(e.g. sms fee), or other fees for occasional services (account statement fees, other administration fees, etc.). Fees 
for ongoing account management services are charged to the customer’s account on a monthly basis. The fees are 
commonly  fixed  amounts  that  can  be  vary  per  account  package  and  customer  category.  In  the  case  of  the 
transaction-based fees where the services include money transfer the fee is charged when the transaction takes 
place. The rate of the fee is typically determined in a certain % of the transaction amount. In the case of other 
transaction-based fees (e.g. SMS fee), the fee is settled monthly. In the case of occasional services,  the Group 
basically charges the fees when the services are used by the customer. The fees can be fixed fees or they can be 
set in %. The rates are reviewed by the Group regularly. 
These fees for ongoing account management services are charged on a monthly basis during the period when they 
are provided. Transaction-based fees are charged when the transaction takes place or charged monthly at the end 
of the month. 

Fees and commission related to the issued bank cards 

The Group provides a variety of bank cards to its customers, for which different fees are charged. The fees are 
basically charged in connection with the issuance of cards and the related card transactions. The annual fees of the 
cards are charged in advance in a fixed amount. The amount of the annual card fee depends on the type of card. In 
case  of  transaction-based  fees  (e.g.  cash  withdrawal/payment  fee,  merchant  fee,  interchange  fee,  etc.),  the 
settlement of the fees will take place immediately after the transaction or on a monthly basis. The fee is typically 
determined in % of the transaction with a fixed minimum amount. For all other cases where the Group provides a 
continuous service to the customers (e.g. card closing fee), the fees are charged monthly. The fee is calculated in 
a fix amount. The rates are reviewed by the Group regularly.  
These  fees  for  ongoing  services  are  charged  on  a  monthly  basis  during  the  period  when  they  are  provided. 
Transaction-based fees are charged when the transaction takes place or charged monthly at the end of the month. 

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IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 2:  

SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES [continued] 

2.19.  Revenue recognition [continued] 

2.19.1.   Fees and commissions [continued] 

Fees and commissions related to security account management services 

The  Group  provides  its  clients  security  account  management  services.  Fees  will  be  charged  for  account 
management and transactions on accounts. Account management fees are typically charged quarterly or annually. 
The amount is determined in %, based on the stocks of securities managed by the clients on the account in a given 
period.  Fees  for  transactions on  the  securities  account  are charged  immediately  after  the  transaction.  They  are 
determined in %, based on the transaction amount. Fees for complex services provided to clients (e.g. portfolio 
management or custody) are typically charged monthly or annually. The fees are fixed monthly amounts and in 
some cases a bonus fee are charged. 
These fees for ongoing services are charged quarterly or annually during the period when they are provided. The 
fees are accrued monthly. Transaction-based fees are charged when the transaction takes place. 

Fees and commissions related to fund management 

Fees from fund management services provided to investment funds and from portfolio management provided to 
insurance companies, funds. The fee income are calculated on the basis of net asset value of the portfolio and by 
the fee rates determined in the contracts about portfolio management. 
These fees for ongoing services are charged usually on monthly (mutual funds) or semi-annually (venture capital 
funds) during the period when they are provided but accrued monthly. 

Net insurance fee income 

Due to the fact that the Group rarely provides insurance services to its clients, only acts as an agent, the fee income 
charged  to  the  customers  and  fees  payable  to  the  insurance  company  are  presented  net  in  the  fee  income.  In 
addition, agency fee charged for the sale of insurance contracts is also recorded in this line. The fee is charged on 
a monthly basis and determined in %. 
Fees for ongoing services are charged on a monthly basis during the period when they are provided. 

Other fees 

Fees that are not significant in the Group total income are included in Other fees category. Such fees are safe lease, 
special  procedure  fee,  account  rent  fee,  fee  of  a  copy  of  document,  etc.  Other  fees  may  include  charges  for 
continuous services or for ad hoc administration services. Continuous fees are charged monthly (e.g., safe lease 
fees) at the beginning of the period, typically at a fixed rate. Fees for ad hoc services are charged immediately after 
the service obligation were met, usually in a fixed amount. 
These fees for ongoing services are charged on a monthly basis during the period when they are provided. Fees 
for ad hoc services are charged when the transaction takes place. 

2.19.2.   Other revenue from customers 

Other revenue from customers contains revenues from: 

-  sale of agricultural produce, 
-  tourism activity, 
-  gain on transactions related to property activities, 
-  rental income, 
-  income from computer programming. 

Revenue  is  measured  based  on  the  consideration  to  which the  Group  expects  to  be  entitled  in  a  contract  with 
customers  and  excludes  amount  collected  on  behalf  of  third  parties.  The  Group  recognizes  revenue  when  it 
transfers control of a product or service to customers. The Group has generally concluded that it is the principal in 
its  revenue  arrangements,  because  it  typically  controls  the  goods  and  services  before  transferring  them  to  the 
customer. 

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IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 2:  

SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES [continued] 

2.19.  Revenue recognition [continued] 

2.19.2.   Other revenue from customers [continued] 

Typically, the Group’s other revenue from customers is recognized at the point in time when control of the goods 
or services is transferred to the customer. Exceptions are revenues services provided to customers – for example 
rental income – where the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits as the Group performs. 

The Group considers whether there are other promises in the contract that are separate performance obligations to 
which a  portion of the transaction price  needs to  be allocated. In determining the  transaction price, the Group 
considers the effects of variable consideration, existence of a significant financing component, and a consideration 
payable to the customer, if any. 

2.20. 

Profit from associates 

Profit from associates refers to any distribution of an entity earnings to shareholders from stocks or mutual funds 
that is owned by the Group. The Group recognizes profit from associates in the Consolidated Financial Statements 
when its right to receive payment is established.  

2.21. 

Income tax 

The Group considers corporate income tax as current tax according to IAS 12. The Group also considers local 
business tax and the innovation contribution as income tax in Hungary. 
The annual taxation charge is based on the tax payable under fiscal regulations prevailing in the country where the 
company is incorporated, adjusted for deferred taxation. Deferred taxation is accounted for using the balance sheet 
liability method in respect of temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying 
value for financial reporting purposes, measured at the tax rates that apply to the future period when the asset is 
expected to be realized or the liability is settled. 

Current tax asset or current tax liability is presented related to income tax and innovation contribution separately 
in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. 

Pillar  Two  –  Global  Anti-base  Erosion  Model  Rules  (“GloBE),  global  minimum  tax  –  introduces  a  minimum 
effective tax rate of at least 15%, calculated based on a specific rule set.  Pillar Two legislation has been enacted 
or substantively enacted in certain jurisdictions the Group operates. The legislation will be effective for the Group’s 
financial year beginning 1 January 2024, but in year 2023 no income tax results obtained from Pillar Two rules. 
The Group considers this top-up tax as an income tax according to IAS 12. 

Deferred tax assets are recognized by the Group for the amounts of income taxes that are recoverable in future 
periods in respect of deductible temporary differences as well as the carryforward of unused tax losses and the 
carryforward of unused tax credits.  

The Group recognizes a deferred tax asset for all deductible temporary differences arising from investments in 
subsidiaries, branches and associates, and interests in joint arrangements, to the extent that, and only to the extent 
that, it is probable that: 

- the temporary difference will reverse in the foreseeable future; and  
- taxable profit will be available against which the temporary difference can be utilised. 

The Group considers the availability of qualifying taxable temporary differences and the probability of other future 
taxable profits to determine whether future taxable profits will be available according to IAS 12. 
The Group recognizes a deferred tax liability for all taxable temporary differences associated with investments in 
subsidiaries,  branches  and  associates,  and  interests  in  joint arrangements,  except  to  the  extent  that  both  of  the 
following conditions are satisfied: 

-  
the Bank is able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference, and 
-    it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. 

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IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 2:  

SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES [continued] 

2.21.  Income tax [continued] 

The Group only offsets its deferred tax liabilities against deferred tax assets when: 

- 
- 

there is a legally enforceable right to set-off current tax liabilities against current tax assets, and 
the taxes are levied by the same taxation authorities on either 

the same taxable entity or 

• 
•  different taxable entities which intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis. 

2.22.  Banking tax 

The Bank and some of its subsidiaries are obliged to pay banking tax based on Act LIX of 2006 in Hungary. As 
the calculation is not based on the taxable profit but on the adjusted total assets as reported in the Separate Financial 
Statements of the Bank and its entities for the second period preceding the current tax year, therefore, the banking 
tax  is  considered  as  another  administrative  expense,  not  as  income  tax.  Pursuant  to  Government  Decree  No. 
197/2022  published  on  4  June  2022,  the  Hungarian  Government  decided  to  impose  a  windfall  tax  on  credit 
institutions and financial enterprises temporarily, that is for 2022 and 2023. As for 2022, the base of the windfall 
tax is the net revenues based on the 2021 financial statements, calculated according to local tax law, whereas the 
tax rate is 10%. These taxes are classified as levies according to IFRS rules. 

2.23.  Off-balance sheet commitments and contingent liabilities 

In the ordinary course of its business, the Group enters into off-balance sheet commitments such as guarantees, 
letters of credit, commitments to extend credit and transactions with financial instruments. The provision for off-
balance  sheet  commitments  and  contingent  liabilities  is  maintained  at  a  level  adequate  to  absorb  future  cash 
outflows which are probable and relate to present obligations.  
In  the  case  of  commitments  and  contingent  liabilities,  the  Management  determines  the  adequacy  of  the  loss 
allowance based upon reviews of individual items, recent loss experience, current economic conditions, the risk 
characteristics of the various categories of transactions and other pertinent factors. 

The Group recognizes provision for off-balance sheet commitment and contingent liabilities in accordance with 
IAS 37 when it has a present obligation as a  result of a  past event; it is probable that an outflow of resources 
embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation; and a reliable estimate can be made of the 
obligation. For financial guarantees and loan commitments given which are under IFRS 9 the expected credit loss 
model  is  applied  when  the  provision  is  calculated  (see  more  details  in  Note  2.6.).  After  initial  recognition  the 
Group subsequently measures those contracts at a higher of the amount of the loss allowance or of the amount 
initially recognised less the cumulative amount of income recognized in accordance with IFRS 15. 

2.24. 

Share-based payment 

The Group has applied the requirements of IFRS 2 Share-based Payment. 
The Group issues equity-settled share-based payment to certain employees. Equity-settled share-based payment is 
measured at fair value at the grant date. The fair value determined at the grant date of the equity-settled share-
based payment is expensed on a straight-line basis over the year, based on the Group’s estimate of shares that will 
eventually  vest.  Share-based  payment  is  recorded  in  Consolidated  Statement  of  Profit  or  Loss  as  Personnel 
expenses. 
Fair value is measured by use of a binomial model. The expected life used in the model has been adjusted, based 
on  Management’s  best  estimate,  for  the  effects  of  non-transferability,  exercise  restrictions,  and  behavioural 
considerations.  

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IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 2:  

SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES [continued] 

2.25.  Employee benefits 

The Group has applied the requirement of IAS 19 Employee Benefits. These benefits are recognised as an expense 
and liability undiscounted in the Consolidated Financial Statements. Liabilities are regularly remeasured. Gains or 
losses due to the remeasurement are recognised in the Consolidated Other Comprehensive Income. 

Short-term employee benefits are employee benefits (other than termination benefits) that are expected to be settled 
wholly before twelve months after the end of the annual reporting period in which the employees render the related 
service. These can be wages, salaries and bonuses, premium, paid annual leave and paid sick leave and other free 
services (health care, reward holiday). Long-term employee benefits are mostly the jubilee reward.  

Post-employment benefits are employee benefits (other than termination and short-term employee benefits) that 
are  payable  after  the  completion  of  employment.  Post-employment  benefit  plans  are  formal  or  informal 
arrangements  under  which  an  entity  provides  post-employment  benefits  for  one  or  more  employees.  Post-
employment benefit plans are classified as either defined contribution plans or defined benefit plans, depending 
on the economic substance of the plan as derived from its principal terms and conditions. 

Defined  benefit  plan  is  post‑employment  benefit  plans  other  than  defined  contribution  plan.  The  Group's  net 
obligation  is  calculated  by  estimating  the  amount  of  employee's  future  benefit  based  on  their  services  for  the 
current and prior periods. The future value of benefit is being discounted to present value. 

Termination  benefits  are  employee  benefits  provided  in  exchange  for  the  termination  of  an  employee’s 
employment as a result of either: an entity’s decision to terminate an employee’s employment before the normal 
retirement  date  or  an  employee’s  decision  to  accept  an  offer  of  benefits  in  exchange  for  the  termination  of 
employment.  Other  long-term  employee  benefits  are  all  employee  benefits  other  than  short-term  employee 
benefits, postemployment benefits and termination benefits. 

2.26.   Biological assets and agricultural produce 

The Group recognises a biological asset or agricultural produce according to IAS 41 only when it controls the asset 
as a result of past events, it is probable that future economic benefits will flow and the fair value or the cost can 
be measured reliably.  
Biological assets are measured on initial recognition and at subsequent periods at fair value less estimated costs to 
sell unless fair value cannot be reliably measured.  
Agricultural produce is measured at fair value less estimated costs to sell at the point of harvest.  
The gain on initial recognition of biological assets at fair value less costs to sell, and changes in fair value less 
costs to sell of biological assets during a period are included in profit or loss for the period in which it arises as 
other operating income.  

2.27.  Consolidated Statement of Cash-flows 

Cash flows arising from the operating, investing or financing activities are reported in the Statement of Cash-
Flows of the Group primarily on a gross basis. Net basis reporting are applied by the Group in the following cases: 

-  when the cash flows reflect the activities of the customer rather than those of the Group, and 
-  for items in which the turnover is quick, the amounts are large, and the maturities are short. 

For the purposes of reporting Consolidated Statement of Cash-flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash, due 
from banks and balances with the National Banks, excluding the compulsory reserve established by the National 
Banks. This line item shows balances of HUF and foreign currency cash amounts, and sight deposit from NBH 
and from other banks, furthermore, balances of current accounts. 
Consolidated cash-flows from hedging activities are classified in the same category as the item being hedged. The 
unrealized  gains  and  losses  from  the  translation  of  monetary  items  to  the  closing  foreign  exchange  rates  and 
unrealized gains and losses from derivative financial instruments are presented net as operating activity separately 
in the Consolidated Statement of Cash-flows for the monetary items which have been revaluated.  

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IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 2:  

SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES [continued] 

2.28. 

Segment reporting 

IFRS 8 Operating Segments requires operating segments to be identified on the basis of internal reports about 
components of the Group that are regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker in order to allocate 
resources to the segments and to assess their performance.  
Based on the above, the segments identified by the Group are the business and geographical segments. 
The  Group’s operating segments under IFRS 8 are  therefore as follows: OTP  Core Hungary, Russia, Ukraine, 
Bulgaria,  Serbia,  Croatia,  Montenegro,  Albania,  Moldova,  Slovenia,  Uzbekistan,  Merkantil  Group,  Asset 
Management subsidiaries, Other subsidiaries. Romanian segment is classified as discontinued operation from 2023 
but in line with management report it is still presented in Segment reporting as separate segment. 

2.29.  Comparative balances 

These  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  are  prepared  in  accordance  with  the  same  accounting  policies  in  all 
respects as the Consolidated Financial Statements prepared in accordance with IFRS as adopted by the European 
Union for the year ended 31 December 2022, however results in the Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss for 
the comparative period changed due to IFRS 5 disclosure requirement. As the Romanian operation was classified 
as discontinued operation in year 2023, in the comparative period related results were presented as they would 
have been classified as discontinued operation for year 2022 in the Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss. The 
income and expenses of Romanian operation were separated from continuing operation and presented separately 
after “Profit after income tax for the period” on line “(Loss) /Gain from discontinued operations” so both for year 
2023 and 2022 the results in the Consolidated Profit or Loss showing the result of continuing operation which do 
not include the Romanian contribution. Additional disclosures or extension of existing disclosures have been made 
throughout the Consolidated Financial Statements, where relevant. 

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NOTE 3: 

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND DECISIONS IN THE APPLICATION 
OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

The presentation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS as adopted by EU requires the Management of 
the  Group  to  make  judgement  about  estimates  and  assumptions  that  affect  the  reported amounts  of  assets  and 
liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as at the date of the financial statements and their 
reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The estimates and associated assumptions 
are based on the expected loss and other factors that are considered to be relevant. The estimates and underlying 
assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period. 
Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant areas of subjective judgement include: 

3.1. 

Loss allowances on financial instruments exposed to credit risk 

The Group regularly assesses its financial instruments portfolio for loss allowance. Management determines the 
adequacy of the loss allowances based upon reviews of individual loans and placements, recent loss experience, 
current economic conditions, the risk characteristics of the various categories of loans and other pertinent factors.  
The use of the three-stage model was implemented for IFRS 9 purposes. The impairment methodology is used to 
classify financial instruments in order to determine whether credit risk has significantly increased since initial 
recognition  and  to  identify  the  credit-impaired  assets.  For  instruments  with  credit-impairment  or  significant 
increase of credit risk lifetime expected losses are recognized (see more details in Note 37.1.) 

3.2. 

Valuation of instruments without direct quotations  

Financial instruments without direct quotations in an active market are valued using the valuation model technique. 
The models are regularly reviewed and each model is calibrated for the most recent available market data. While 
the  models  are  built  only  on  available  data,  their  use  is  subject  to  certain  assumptions  and  estimates  (e.g. 
correlations, volatilities, etc.). Changes in the model assumptions may affect the reported fair value of the relevant 
financial instruments.  
IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement seeks to increase the consistency and comparability in fair value measurements 
and  related  disclosures  through  a  'fair  value  hierarchy'.  The  hierarchy  categorises  the  inputs  used  in  valuation 
techniques into three levels. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to (unadjusted) quoted prices in active markets 
for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. The Group evaluates the levelling 
at each reporting period on an instrument-by-instrument basis and reclassifies instruments when necessary, based 
on the facts at the beginning of the reporting period. The objective of a fair value measurement is to estimate the 
price at which an orderly transaction to sell the asset or to transfer the liability would take place between market 
participants at the measurement date under current market conditions. 

3.3. 

Provisions 

Provision is recognized and measured for commitments to extend credit and for warranties arising from banking 
activities based on IFRS 9 Financial Instruments. Provision for these instruments is recognized based on the credit 
conversion factor, which shows the proportion of the undrawn credit line that will probably be drawn. 
Other provisions are recognized and measured based on IAS 37 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent 
Assets. The Group is involved in a number of ongoing legal disputes. Based upon historical experience and expert 
reports,  the  Group  assesses  the  developments  in  these  cases,  and  the  likelihood  and  the  amount  of  potential 
financial losses which are appropriately provided for. (See Note 24.)  
Other provision includes provision for litigation, provision for retirement and expected liabilities and provision 
for confirmed letter of credit. 
A provision is recognized by the Group when it has a present obligation as a result of a past event, it is probable 
that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable 
estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. 

3.4. 

Impairment on goodwill  

Goodwill acquired in a business combination is tested for impairment annually or more frequently when there is 
an indication that the unit might be impaired, in accordance with IAS 36 “Impairment of assets”. 
The Group calculates the fair value based on discounted cash-flow model. The 3-year period explicit cash-flow 
model serves as a basis for the impairment test by which the Group defines the impairment need on goodwill based 
on the strategic factors and financial data of its cash-generating units. In the calculation of the goodwill impairment, 
also the expectations about possible variations in the amount or timing of those future cash-flows, the time value 
of money, represented by the current market risk-free rate of interest and other factors are reflected. 

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NOTE 3: 

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND DECISIONS IN THE APPLICATION 
OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES [continued] 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

3.5.   Contingent consideration 

Contingent  consideration  generally  arises  where  the  acquirer  agrees  to  transfer  additional  consideration  to  the 
former owners of the acquired business after the acquisition date if certain specified events occur or conditions are 
met in the future. 
These future payments may be in cash or other assets and may be contingent upon the achievement of specified 
events, and/or may be linked to future financial performance over a specified period of time. 
Some changes in the fair value of contingent consideration may be the result of additional information that the 
acquirer obtained after the acquisition date about fact and circumstances that existed at that date. Such changes are 
measurement period adjustments and have impact of goodwill/negative goodwill. Changes resulting from events 
after the acquisition date are not measurement period adjustments. Contingent considerations should be recorded 
on the date of acquisition in consolidated financial statement at fair value. 
The Group so far settled the contingent considerations in cash. The fair value estimation is made by the “Merger 
& Acquisition” team based on the sale and purchase agreement (“SPA”) and other available information. 

OTP concluded the contract including two instalments: first for 73.71% of the shares in 2023 (in December 2023 
it increased to 79.58% after capital increase), then second for 24.57% (in December 2023 it decreased to 19.16% 
after  capital  increase)  of  the  shares  3  years  later.  The  price  of  24.57%  of  the  shares  is  variable,  but  within  a 
predefined range and can be adjusted only with factors that have not direct connection with the profit of Ipoteka 
Bank.  The  purchase  of  the  second  stock  cannot  be  avoided  by  the  parties  since  the  execution  of  the  SPA. 
Considering the elements of the shares retained by Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Uzbekistan for the given 
period are treated as financial liability.  
The recognized liability includes the estimate of the adjustments to the second purchase price and does not include 
the  items  that  are  considered  as  indemnity.  Indemnification  related  expected  cash-inflow  is  recognized  as 
indemnification asset (measured consistently with the measurement of underlying assets).  

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

447 

 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 4:  MACRO ENVIRONMENT, IMPACT OF ECONOMIC SITUATION ON THE GROUP  

Macro economy and financial situation in Hungary 

Having elevated after the rapid recovery that followed the Covid crisis and the outbreak of the Russian-Ukrainian 
war, inflation in advanced economies started to slow in 2023, but the developed world’s central banks had to raise 
interest rates aggressively until the end of the year. It was not before the year was nearing its end that the tightening 
cycle stopped and the debate on the possible timing of an interest rate cut began. Meanwhile, the labour market 
remained  tight,  with  low  unemployment  and  strong  wage  dynamics.  Developed  markets’  long-term  yields  hit 
multi-decade highs in the autumn, before a sharp fall began at the end of 2023.  
Economic  growth  printed  different  patterns  on  the  two  sides  of  the  Atlantic.  The  USA’s  economic  expansion 
accelerated in 2023, as opposed to the expected slowing, and growth shifted into higher gear in the second half of 
the year. The robust figures were driven by supportive fiscal policy, the large stocks of savings household had 
accumulated during the pandemic, and the low effective lending rates caused by the high share of loans with fixed 
interest rates. Headline inflation peaked in June 2022 (+8.9%), but the subsequent decline briefly stalled in the 
middle of 2023. However, core inflation continued to drop, easing to 3.9% YoY by the end of the year. The very 
loose fiscal policy, which raised the budget deficit from around 5% to 8% of GDP, required tight monetary policy 
to bring inflation down. The Fed has aggressively raised its base rate to 5.25–5.5% and began to reduce its balance 
sheet. 
The energy crisis brought the euro area to its knees, and the economy has been unable to recover amid high inflation 
and high interest rates, thus output has been practically stagnant since the third quarter of 2022. Countries with 
industries that used to rely heavily on Russian energy (e.g. Germany) were hit particularly hard. Elevated interest 
rates have led to a slowdown in lending, which has also hindered kick-starting growth in Europe. Disinflation was 
strong in the euro area in 2023: headline and core inflation fell to 2.8% and 3.3%, respectively by the end of the 
year.  The  biggest  concern  in  this  context  is  services  inflation,  which  has  been  stagnating  at  4.0%  YoY  since 
November 2023. Despite all the weakness in the economy and strong disinflation, the ECB has not yet considered 
cutting interest rates, thus the euro area ended last year with a deposit rate of 4% and a lending rate of 4.5%. 
Hungary’s economy fell into a longer and deeper recession than the rest of the CEE region in 2023 (GDP YoY: 
Q1: -0.9%; Q2: -2.4%; Q3: -0.4%; Q4 (flash): 0,0). However, the recession ended in the third quarter, and growth 
started to pick up on quarterly basis, helped by the base effect of an unprecedented poor agriculture season in 2022. 
Overall,  regarding  the  Hungarian  economy’s  underlying processes,  activity  fell  sharply  in  Q4  2022  and  in  Q1 
2023, and it has been stagnating or trivially rising since then. The structure of growth is unfavourable, as the sharp 
fall in domestic use was moderated by an increase in net exports, but it was caused by the decline in imports owing 
to the sluggish domestic demand, rather than by exports’ strong expansion. 
Inflation peaked at 25.7%, ten percentage points higher than the average of the CEE region, before disinflation 
started in the spring. As disinflation accelerated starting from mid-2023, the pace of price increases accelerated, 
bringing down CPI to 5.5% YoY by December; the annual average rate of inflation was 17.6% in 2023. From the 
middle of the year, real wages started to rise again month-on-month, but this passed on to consumer spending only 
modestly. 
After running 8% current account deficit in 2022, Hungary’s external balance turned into surplus last year, as gas 
prices collapsed and imports fell due to a drop in domestic demand. The rapid rise in debt ratios between 2020 and 
2023 has stopped. 
The original budget deficit target of 3.9% of GDP proved to be unsustainable, so it was raised to 5.2% in October, 
but the accrual-based deficit probably exceeded 6% of GDP last year, even with the dividend payment by MVM 
and with the savings of the ‘utility protection fund’.  
Having raised the effective rate to 18% in autumn 2022, the MNB cut it in several steps by a total of 725 basis 
points, to 10.75% by the end of the year. The base rate regained its role in September, when the former overnight 
deposit facility was phased out. The EUR/HUF fell from around 400 at the beginning of the year to below 370 at 
one point in the summer, but stabilized around 380 by the end of 2023. 
Hungary made headway in accessing EU funds at the end of last year as the European Commission approved the 
so-called horizontal enabling conditions for the judicial reform in December. The government unblocked about 
EUR 11 billion worth of EU funds, thanks to the measures implemented last year.  
Starting from autumn 2022, the credit market froze in the CEE region, including Hungary, and similarly to Western 
Europe. There was a slight pick up at the end of 2023, particularly in retail lending, within that in ‘baby loans’ and 
housing loans; demand for cash loans also jumped at the end of the year. In full year 2023, the volume of housing 
loans rose  by 1.3% (2022: 7.6%), that of cash loans grew  by 6.9% (2022: 9.3%), and corporate  loan volumes 
increased by an FX-adjusted 6% (2022: 15.5%). 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

448 

 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 4:  MACRO ENVIRONMENT, IMPACT OF ECONOMIC SITUATION ON THE GROUP 

[continued]  

Summary of economic policy measures made and other relevant regulatory changes in the period under 
review 

Windfall tax 

o  On  24  April  2023  Government  Decree  No.  144/2023  was  published  amending  the  previously  laid  down 

methodology of windfall tax calculation for the second half of 2023.  
According to the new rules, the gross amount of the windfall tax for the year 2023 changed to HUF 41 billion 
from HUF 74.6 billion in the case of OTP Group. 

o  Government decree No. 206/2023 (V.31.) published on 31 May 2023 outlined the details of the extra profit tax 
payable by credit institutions in 2024. The basis of the tax is the 2022 profit  before tax (adjusted for several 
items). The tax rate is 13% for the part of the tax base that does not exceed HUF 20 billion, and 30% for the 
amount above HUF 20 billion. According to the decree, if the average amount of Hungarian government bonds 
owned  by  the  financial  institution  increases  over  a  certain  period,  the  windfall  tax  payable  by  the  credit 
institution  will  be  reduced.  The  reduction  cannot  be  more  than  10%  of  the  increase  in  government  bond 
holdings and cannot exceed 50% of the windfall tax payment obligation calculated without the reduction. 
The gross amount of the windfall tax for the year 2024 will be HUF 13 billion in the case of the Hungarian 
Group members, which can be reduced to HUF 6.5 billion subject to the increase in government bond holdings. 
As for timing, the HUF 13 billion gross annual tax obligation was recognized in one sum in January 2024, 
whereas the pro-rated part of the reduction will be booked on a monthly basis, evenly split through 2024. 

Interest rate cap 

o  Government decree No. 175/2023. (V. 12.) published on 12 May 2023 further extended the interest rate cap 
scheme  by  6  months,  until  the  end  of  2023,  in  the  case  of  the  affected  floating  and  fixed  rate  residential 
mortgages, as well as floating rate micro and small enterprises loan and leasing contracts.  

o  Pursuant to Government Decree No. 522/2023. (XI. 30.): 

▪  The interest rate cap for the outstanding volume of certain residential mortgage loans was extended by six 

months, until 30 June 2024. 

▪  The rate cap for the existing volume of certain MSE loans was extended until 1 April 2024. 
▪  Furthermore, Government Decree No. 471/2022 (XI. 21.) was amended, thus the provision that the interest 
rate on HUF-denominated demand deposits and time deposits with a maximum term of one year shall not 
exceed  the  average  auction  yield  of  the  most  recently  issued  three-month  discount  Treasury  Bill  was 
extended by three months, until 1 April 2024. In another amendment, starting from 1 December 2023, the 
scope of this cap was extended for entities who qualify as business customers in Hungary’s Civil Code.  
These  provisions  shall  be  applied  to  deposit  contracts  concluded  after  1  December  2023,  as  well  as  to 
demand deposit contracts existing on 1 December 2023. 

Voluntary interest rate cap on newly granted loans 

At the beginning of October 2023, the Ministry of Economic Development proposed that banks impose voluntary 
interest rate caps on newly granted HUF-denominated working capital loans for businesses, and on residential 
housing loans. OTP Bank has joined the initiative.  
Effective from October 2023, the Government set the voluntary interest rate cap on new housing loans at 8.5% 
and that on working capital loans to businesses at 12%. From 2 November the latter was reduced to 11.5%. From 
January 2024, the Government reduced the voluntary interest rate  cap on housing loans to 7.3% and that on 
corporate loans to 9.9%. In addition, the Government and the Hungarian Banking Association agreed that the 
voluntary interest rate cap scheme will be abolished simultaneously with the withdrawal of the interest rate cap 
for certain outstanding MSE volumes from 1 April 2024, i.e. in the future, interest rates will be determined by 
market competition. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

449 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 4:  MACRO ENVIRONMENT, IMPACT OF ECONOMIC SITUATION ON THE GROUP 

[continued]  

Summary of economic policy measures made and other relevant regulatory changes in the period under 
review [continued] 

Savings, government bond market 

o  Pursuant to Government decree No. 205/2023. (V. 31.), effective from 1 July 2023, on top of the existing 15% 
interest tax, an additional 13% social contribution tax was introduced temporarily for certain savings forms. 
The tax base is the interest income as defined by the PIT law, earned by natural persons after 1 July 2023 on 
bank  deposits  placed  or  certain  securities  (except  for  real  estate  investment  fund  investment  certificates) 
purchased after 1 July.  

o  Pursuant to Government decree No. 208/2023. (V. 31.), effective from 1 July 2023 the weight of securities in 
the portfolio of bond funds, equity funds and mixed funds must be at least 60%. Furthermore, from 1 August 
no  more  than  5%  of  the  assets  of  these  securities  funds  can  be  invested  in debt  securities  other  than  HUF 
denominated government securities. 

o  According to Government decree No. 209/2023. (V. 31.), between 1 October 2023 and 31 December 2023 
credit institutions shall send a warning notice to their natural person clients with bank account contracts about 
how much more interest they could have earned in a specific period with an investment of HUF 100,000, HUF 
500,000 and HUF 1,000,000 if they had invested in retail government securities instead of bank deposits.  

Family support schemes 

o  Baby  loan:  in  line  with  Government  decree  No.  303/2023.  (VII.  11.),  from  1  January  2024  the  maximum 
amount of baby loan will increase from HUF 10 to 11 million, and those families will be eligible where the 
wife is below the age of 30 years. Also, the clause that baby loan contracts can be entered into by the end of 
this year lost effect, so the scheme will remain in place indefinitely. As for the interest rate fixation periods, in 
contrast to the current situation that the baby loans reprice in every 5 years, from 2024 the interest rate of newly 
contracted baby loans will be fixed for 1 year during the first 2 years, then the baby loans will have a 3-year 
rate fixation period. 

o  Housing Subsidy for Families (CSOK), village CSOK: from 1 January 2024 the village CSOK non-refundable 
amounts will increase, but in towns and settlements with more than 5,000 inhabitants the CSOK subsidy will 
no longer be available. 

Mandatory minimum reserve requirements 

Pursuant to NBH decree No. 6/2023. (III. 8.) and NBH decree No. 11/2023. (III. 31.), from April the minimum 
reserve requirement was increased to 10%, and the effective rate paid on the reserves was reduced to 9.75% 
from  the  previous  13%,  since  the  national  bank  doesn’t  pay  any  interest  for  25%  of  the  minimum  reserve 
requirement, and for the remaining amount the national bank pays the base rate. 
NBH decree No. 25/2023. (VI. 14.) amended the reserve requirement rules: among others, from 1 July 2023 
up  to  15%  of  the minimum  reserve  requirement  can be  met  by  central bank  deposits  with  at  least  14  days 
original maturity. Also, from July until further notice (by the end of the year according to plans) the reserve 
requirement will be based on the volumes in the statistical balance sheet as at 31 March 2023. 

Capital regulation 

o  On 22 June 2023 the national bank announced that it postpones the activation of the Countercyclical Capital 
Buffer rate of 0.5% planned from 1 July 2023 by one year to 1 July 2024. In addition, it preventively reactivates 
the  Systemic Risk Buffer aimed at risks related to commercial real estate loans (especially non-performing 
loans). 

o  MREL minimum requirement: effective from 1 January 2024, the consolidated MREL minimum requirement 
for OTP Bank is 18.94%, while the minimum requirement including combined buffer requirements is 23.95% 
in % of the total RWA of the resolution group. 

o  Pillar 2 capital requirement: effective from 1 January 2024, the National Bank of Hungary imposed the below 

additional capital requirements for OTP Group, on consolidated level: 
▪  0.9%-point in case of the Common Equity Tier1 (CET1) capital, accordingly the minimum requirement for 

the consolidated CET1 ratio is 5.4% (without regulatory capital buffers); 

▪  1.2%-points in case of the Tier1 capital, accordingly the minimum requirement for the consolidated Tier1 

ratio is 7.2% (without regulatory capital buffers); 

▪  1.6%-points in case of the Total SREP Capital Requirement (TSCR), accordingly the minimum requirement 

for the consolidated capital adequacy ratio is 9.6% (without regulatory capital buffers). 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

450 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 4:  MACRO ENVIRONMENT, IMPACT OF ECONOMIC SITUATION ON THE GROUP 

[continued]  

The  principles  used  in  the  preparation  of  the  Consolidated  Statement  of  Financial  Position  as  at  31 
December 2023 in connection with the evaluation of Russian and Ukrainian exposures 

Going concern principle 

In the case of Ukraine and Russia OTP management applies a „going concern” approach, however in Russia the 
management is still considering all strategic options, bearing in mind that any future solution should be strictly 
within the framework and in accordance with applicable local and international regulations. 

In February 2022 a military conflict started between Russia and Ukraine. 
OTP Group’s Ukrainian operation incorporates the Ukrainian bank, as well as the leasing and factoring companies. 
The country-consolidated Ukrainian total assets represented HUF 1,037 billion at the end of 2023 (2.6% of total 
consolidated  assets),  while  net  loans  comprised  HUF  309  billion  (1.4%  of  consolidated  net  loans)  and 
shareholders’ equity amounted to HUF 157 billion (3.8% of the consolidated total equity).  
At the  end of 2023 the gross intragroup funding towards the Ukrainian operation represented HUF 83 billion, 
while taking into account the Ukrainian deposits placed with the Headquarters, i.e. the net group funding stood at 
HUF 22 billion equivalent deposit placed by the Ukrainian operation (i.e. Ukraine funded the Group).  
In 2023 the Ukrainian operation posted an adjusted profit after tax of HUF 45.2 billion, against the HUF 15.9 
billion loss suffered in the corresponding period of last year.  

The  total  assets  of  the  Group’s  Russian  operation  represented  HUF  1,471  billion at  the end  of 2023  (3.7%  of 
consolidated  total  assets),  while  net  loans  comprised  HUF  588  billion  (2.7%  of  consolidated  net  loans)  and 
shareholders’ equity HUF 275 billion (6.7% of consolidated total equity).  
As the Russian subsidiary repaid its maturing intragroup loans in 4Q 2022, the gross intragroup funding towards 
the  Russian  operation  declined  to  zero  and  remained  nil  throughout  2023.  At  the  end  of  2023  the  intragroup 
subordinated loan exposure toward the Russian operation amounted to HUF 9 billion equivalent. 
The Russian operation posted HUF 95.7 billion adjusted profit in 2023, after the HUF 42.5 billion profit reached 
in full-year 2022.  
In 2H 2023 the Russian Central Bank approved a dividend payment by OTP’s Russian subsidiary with a total 
amount of HUF 51.3 billion.  
If the Russian entity was deconsolidated and the outstanding gross intragroup exposures were written off as well, 
the effect for the consolidated CET1 ratio would be -11 bps, whereas in the Ukraine the negative effect would be 
2 bps. 

Significant  estimates  affected  by  the  Russian-Ukrainian  conflict  during  the  preparation  of  these 
Consolidated Financial Statements 

During the preparation of these Consolidated Financial Statements, the Group identified the following estimates, 
which were significantly affected by the Russian-Ukrainian conflict: 

1)  Evaluation of Russian sovereign exposures (government securities) and related reserves for expected credit 

losses 
a)  exposures of the Russian subsidiary bank 
b)  exposures of other members of the group (parent company and subsidiaries) 

2)  Evaluation of Ukrainian sovereign exposures (government securities) and related reserves for expected credit 

losses 
a)  exposures of the Ukrainian subsidiary bank 
b)  exposures of other members of the group (parent company and subsidiaries) 

3)  evaluation of derivative transactions denominated in Russian rubles 
4)  evaluation of derivative transactions denominated in the Ukrainian hryvnia 
5)  claims against Russian and Ukrainian central banks, provisions for expected credit losses related to Russian 

and Ukrainian interbank claims and customer loans 
a) 
b) 

the impact of the deterioration of the Russian and Ukrainian macro-environment 
following  direct  exposure  to  the  Russian  and  Ukrainian  markets,  non-Russian  and  Ukrainian  bank 
exposures 

c)  exposures of Russian and Ukrainian subsidiary banks 

6)  evaluation of goodwill 
7)  deferred tax assets 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

451 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 4:  MACRO ENVIRONMENT, IMPACT OF ECONOMIC SITUATION ON THE GROUP [continued]  

The principles used in the preparation of the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position as at 31 December 2023 in connection with the evaluation of Russian and 
Ukrainian exposures [continued] 

Significant estimates affected by the Russian-Ukrainian conflict during the preparation of these Consolidated Financial Statements [continued] 

Russia 
Reference  Gross value 

Impairment / 
Depreciation 

Ukraine 
Reference  Gross value 

Impairment / 
Depreciation 

Reference  Gross value 

Impairment / 
Depreciation 

Other countries 

Cash, amounts due from banks and balances  

with the National Banks 
Placements with other banks 
Repo receivables 
Financial assets at fair value through  

profit or loss - derivatives 

Securities at fair value through other  

comprehensive income 

Securities at amortized cost 

Loans at amortized cost 

Finance lease receivables 

Property and equipment 

Intangible assets and goodwill 

Right-of-use assets 

Investment properties 

Deferred tax assets 

Current income tax receivables 

Other assets 

76,494 
702,097 
- 

207 

5 

3 

1a 

21,284 

- 
- 
- 

- 

- 

5 

721,212 

(133,255) 

30,567 

31,387 

13,994 

- 

15,448 

2,885 

31,820 

7 

(19,190) 

(14,851) 

(8,380) 

- 

- 

- 

5 

4 

2a 

2a 

5 

7 

98,864 
96,070 
9,726 

3 

85,431 

310,617 

274,472 

113,203 

19,392 

11,275 

5,682 

225 

- 

- 

(12) 
(147) 
(516) 

- 

- 

(204) 

(58,450) 

(20,156) 

(6,938) 

(6,701) 

(3,480) 

- 

- 

- 

5 

6 

TOTAL ASSETS 
Amounts due to banks, the National Governments,  

deposits from the National Banks and other banks 

Deposits from customers 

TOTAL LIABILITIES 

1,647,395 

(180,586) 

1,032,249 

(97,461) 

8,970 

1,086,708 

1,095,678 

- 

- 

- 

7,418 

747,337 

754,755 

- 

- 

- 

(4,910) 

7,289 

(857) 

47 
- 
- 

- 

36,230 

33,075 

79,953 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

15,537 

164,842 

- 

56,280 

56,280 

(6) 
- 
- 

- 

(24,582) 

(11,299) 

(4,487) 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(7,884) 

(48,258) 

- 

- 

- 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

452 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 4:  MACRO ENVIRONMENT, IMPACT OF ECONOMIC SITUATION ON THE GROUP 

[continued]  

The  principles  used  in  the  preparation  of  the  Consolidated  Statement  of  Financial  Position  as  at  31 
December 2023 in connection with the evaluation of Russian and Ukrainian exposures [continued] 

Significant  estimates  affected  by  the  Russian-Ukrainian  conflict  during  the  preparation  of  these 
Consolidated Financial Statements [continued] 

During the evaluation of these assets, the Group applied the evaluation principles detailed below, which evaluation 
contains significant estimates on the part of the Management. The results of the estimates may vary significantly 
depending on the development of the situation in the Russian-Ukrainian conflict. 

References 
1a.  Evaluation of Russian sovereign exposures and related reserves for expected credit losses - exposures 
of the Russian subsidiary bank 

Within Russia, Russian government securities are marketable,  and their repayment is expected to take place in 
accordance with the original conditions. The fair value calculation of securities is based on market prices available 
and observable on local trading platforms.  

1b.  Evaluation  of  Russian  sovereign  exposures  and  related  reserves  for  expected  credit  losses  -  other 
exposures of the group 

Outside of Russia, the marketability of Russian government securities is significantly limited due to sanctions and 
capital  market  participants  turning  away  from  Russian  securities.  The  credit  rating  of  the  Russian  state  was 
withdrawn  in  2022,  the  Group  classifies  the  Russian  state  as  non-performing,  and  in  accordance  with  this,  it 
assigned the affected exposures to the Stage 3 category. The Russian state not only recognizes its obligation and 
has the necessary financial reserves, but would also be willing to pay, so the increased loss potential is caused by 
non-traditional credit risks. In the case of a portfolio valued at fair value through other comprehensive income, the 
book value is determined based on the level 3 prices of IFRS13. Cash-flow estimation, current market benchmarks 
(provided  by  Bloomberg),  liquidity  and  non-credit  risk  considerations  were  taken  into  account  in  fair  value 
calculation. 
In the case of overdue receivables, the Group determines the impairment based on its expectations regarding the 
probability and time frame of recovery. Basically, a higher probability of return and a shorter time frame can be 
assigned to those items for which, as a result of the legal steps taken by the Group, the claim has been paid in RUB 
by  the  competent  Russian  clearing  house  (NSD)  and  access  to  the  relevant  amounts  is  subject  to  Hungarian 
authority approvals. On the other hand, a lower probability of return and a longer time period were determined for 
those items where the payment is expected in EUR or USD with the help of European clearing houses (Euroclear, 
Clearstream) requiring a complex legal process. 
Regarding the future, the Group expects that it will be able to ask for the above-described, more favorable payment 
in  RUB  with  respect  to  claims  that  become  due. The  claims  from  the  overdue  Russian  government  bonds  are 
classified to Other financial asset line and in the above table presented within Other countries in the amount of 
HUF 8.9 billion with the impairment of HUF 5.4 billion. 

2a. Valuation of Ukrainian sovereign exposures and related reserves for expected credit losses - exposures 
of the Ukrainian subsidiary bank 

The marketability of local government securities and the liquidity of the market are limited in Ukraine. 
Ukrainian government securities can only be found in the books of the Ukrainian subsidiary, due to the increased 
credit  risk,  these  exposures  acquired  before  2023  are  classified  as  Stage2  and  exposures  acquired  in  2023  are 
classified as Stage 1. In the case of a portfolio valued at fair value through other comprehensive results, the book 
value is determined based on the level 3 prices of IFRS13. During the actual evaluation, the expected cash flow is 
discounted using yield curves observed based on current market benchmarks (published by the National Bank of 
Ukraine). 

2b.  Valuation  of  Ukrainian  sovereign  exposures  and  related  reserves  for  expected  credit  losses  -  other 
exposures of the group 

Ukrainian government securities are exclusively in the books of the Ukrainian subsidiary. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

453 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 4:  MACRO ENVIRONMENT, IMPACT OF ECONOMIC SITUATION ON THE GROUP 

[continued]  

The  principles  used  in  the  preparation  of  the  Consolidated  Statement  of  Financial  Position  as  at  31 
December 2023 in connection with the evaluation of Russian and Ukrainian exposures [continued] 

Significant  estimates  affected  by  the  Russian-Ukrainian  conflict  during  the  preparation  of  these 
Consolidated Financial Statements [continued] 

References [continued] 

3. Valuation of Russian derivative transactions 

In the case of futures contracts concluded with local partners on the Russian market, the evaluation is carried out 
using yield curves available and observable on the local market. In cases where one of the partners is not Russian, 
the evaluation is done using yield curves available and observable on the international market. 

4. Valuation of Ukrainian derivatives 

The Treasury turnover of the Ukrainian bank is low, and a significant part of the derivative transactions are related 
to the bank's risk management and concluded with the parent company. During the actual evaluation, the expected 
cash-flow  is  discounted  using  yield  curves  observed  based  on  current  market  benchmarks  (published  by  the 
National Bank of Ukraine). 

5.  Claims  against  Russian  and  Ukrainian  central  banks,  provisions  for  expected  credit  losses  related  to 
Russian and Ukrainian interbank claims and customer loans 

As part of the continuous monitoring activity, OTP Group has explored and analyzed the secondary and tertiary 
negative effects of the war in the corporate segment for Group members outside of Russia and Ukraine, including 
the  effects  of  the  current  sanctions  policy.  In  the  case  of  the  affected  customers,  if  the  increased  risk  was 
substantiated,  they  were  classified  in  the  Stage  2  category,  while  in  the  case  of  non-performance,  the  Group 
classified the given exposures in the Stage 3 rating category. 
In the case of Group members in Russia, the impact of the current and forward-looking economic environment 
was  taken  into  account  when  determining  the  expected  loss,  however,  the  Bank  does  not  expect  any  further 
substantial deterioration of the economic environment. 
In the case of Ukrainian Group members, the proportion of customers with increased risk (Stage2) decreased while 
non-performing (Stage3) category stabilized in 2023, but further deterioration is not expected in 2024. The impact 
of the current and forward-looking economic environment was taken into account when determining the expected 
loss, however, the Bank does not expect any further substantial deterioration of the economic environment. The 
identification of the increased risk – given the special situation – extends to regionally different war activity. In 
addition, the territorial distribution of exposures was also taken into account when evaluating the expected loss, in 
the  areas  directly  and  indirectly  affected  by  the  war,  the  Bank  does  not  expect  a  significant  return  for  non-
performing customers, regardless of economic trends.  

6.   Evaluation of goodwill 

In connection with the involvement in the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, as a result of the company value review, the 
Group considered it necessary to fully write off the existing goodwill in the case of the Russian subsidiary bank in 
the first quarter of 2022, the value of which as at 31 December 2021 was HUF 40.9 billion. The effect of goodwill 
write-off on the result was HUF 67.7 billion, and a HUF 26.8 billion loss was accounted for against equity. In the 
case of Ukraine, there was no goodwill write-off. 
Based on current experience, the Group takes into account the macroeconomic effects of the current geopolitical 
situation in the mid- to long-term when determining the impairment of investments in the case of countries affected 
by the conflict. In the case of Russian and Ukrainian operations, we currently do not consider it likely that the 
estimated investment value before the conflict (2021) will be reached during the 3-year explicit period. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

454 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 4:  MACRO ENVIRONMENT, IMPACT OF ECONOMIC SITUATION ON THE GROUP 

[continued]  

The  principles  used  in  the  preparation  of  the  Consolidated  Statement  of  Financial  Position  as  at  31 
December 2023 in connection with the evaluation of Russian and Ukrainian exposures [continued] 

Significant  estimates  affected  by  the  Russian-Ukrainian  conflict  during  the  preparation  of  these 
Consolidated Financial Statements [continued] 

References [continued] 

7.  Deferred tax 

Due to the uncertainty of the expected return, the Group did not recognize deferred tax assets in Ukraine, while in 
Russia, the Group recognized HUF 15,45 billion in deferred tax assets. There is no limit to unused tax credits in 
Russia. In addition, if the bank's taxable loss were to increase (if the impairment calculated according to local rules 
approached the higher level of impairment according to IFRS), the difference between the settlement and the tax 
loss would decrease, thus reducing the deferred tax asset. As a result, the bank was able to utilize the temporary 
deferred tax asset both in the expected profitable operation and in a possible loss scenario. 

Financial assets modified in the Group for the year ended 31 December 2023 (in HUF million) 

Modification losses from changes other than Hungarian interest rate cap resulted in HUF 1,631 million loss and 
HUF 2,859 million as at 31 December 2023 and 2022, respectively. In the following tables the modification gains 
and losses resulting from the prolongation of interest rate caps is presented. The newly granted loans have fixed 
interest throughout the lifetime and the voluntary interest rate cap does not affect the previously disbursed loans. 

Modification due to prolongation of the existing interest rate cap till 30 June 2024 

Gross carrying amount before modification 
Loss allowance before modification 
Net amortised cost before modification 
Modification loss 
Net amortised cost after modification 

Group 

351,776  
(12,702) 
339,074  
(8,738) 
330,336  

Modification due to prolongation of the existing interest rate cap till 31 December 2023 

Gross carrying amount before modification 
Loss allowance before modification 
Net amortised cost before modification 
Modification loss 
Net amortised cost after modification 

Group 

709,771  
(18,640) 
691,131  
(27,772) 
663,359  

Financial  assets  modified  during  the  period  related  to  moratorium  in  the  Group  for  the  year  ended  31 
December 2022 (in HUF mn) 

Modification due to prolongation of deadline of moratorium from 30 June until 31 July 2022 

Gross carrying amount before modification 
Loss allowance before modification 
Net amortised cost before modification 
Modification loss 
Net amortised cost after modification 

Group 

159,850  
(31,718) 
128,132  
(471) 
127,661  

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

455 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 4:  MACRO ENVIRONMENT, IMPACT OF ECONOMIC SITUATION ON THE GROUP 

[continued]  

Financial  assets  modified  during  the  period  related  to  moratorium  in  the  Group  for  the  year  ended  31 
December 2022 (in HUF mn) [continued] 

Modification due to prolongation of interest rate cap till 30 June 2022 

Gross carrying amount before modification 
Loss allowance before modification 
Net amortised cost before modification 
Modification loss 
Net amortised cost after modification 

Group 

289,630  
(7,771) 
281,859  
(11,144) 
270,715  

Modification due to prolongation of deadline of moratorium till 30 September 2022 

Gross carrying amount before modification 
Loss allowance before modification 
Net amortised cost before modification 
Modification loss 
Net amortised cost after modification 

Group 

1,053  
(108) 
945  
(5) 
940  

Modification due to moratorium related to agriculture and prolongation of deadline of existing moratorium 
till 30 September 2022 

Gross carrying amount before modification 
Loss allowance before modification 
Net amortised cost before modification 
Modification loss 
Net amortised cost after modification 

Group 

152,051  
(24,910) 
127,141  
(2,122) 
125,019  

Modification due to prolongation of interest rate cap till 30 November 2022 

Gross carrying amount before modification 
Loss allowance before modification 
Net amortised cost before modification 
Modification loss 
Net amortised cost after modification 

Group 

154,421  
(6,184) 
148,237  
(536) 
147,701  

Modification due to scope extension (mortgage loans with 5-year fixing without subsidy) and prolongation 
of the existing interest rate cap till 31 December 2022 

Gross carrying amount before modification 
Loss allowance before modification 
Net amortised cost before modification 
Modification loss 
Net amortised cost after modification 

Group 

422,201  
(12,604) 
409,597  
(22,860) 
386,737  

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

456 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

NOTE 5: 

CASH, AMOUNTS DUE FROM BANKS AND BALANCES WITH THE NATIONAL 
BANKS (in HUF mn) 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

Cash on hand 
In HUF 
In foreign currency 

Amounts due from banks and balances with the National Banks 

Within one year 

In HUF 
In foreign currency 

Over one year 
In HUF 
In foreign currency 

Loss allowance on amounts due from bank and 

balances with the National Banks 

Total 

Compulsory reserve set by  

the National Banks 

Cash and cash equivalents 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

86,498 
519,333 
605,831 

92,526 
582,950 
675,476 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

2,275,719 
4,244,007 
6,519,726 

732,956 
2,814,663 
3,547,619 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

(508) 

(1,703) 

7,125,049 

4,221,392 

(2,265,707) 

(1,623,704) 

4,859,342 

2,597,688 

Foreign  subsidiary  banks  within  the  Group  have  to  comply  with  country  specific  regulation  of  local  National 
Banks. Each country within the Group has its own regulation for compulsory reserve calculation and maintenance. 
Based on those banks are obliged to place compulsory reserve at their National Bank in a specified percentage of 
their liabilities considered in compulsory reserve calculation. 

An analysis of the change in the loss allowance on amounts from banks and balances with the National Banks is 
as follows: 

Balance as at 1 January 
Loss allowance for the period 
Release of loss allowance for the period 
Use of loss allowance for the period 
Foreign currency translation difference 
Closing balance  

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

1,703  
11,859  
(12,919) 
(3) 
(132) 
508  

1,108  
8,072  
(7,697) 
-  
220  
1,703  

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

457 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 6: 

PLACEMENTS WITH OTHER BANKS (in HUF mn) 

Within one year 

In HUF 
In foreign currency 

Over one year 
In HUF 
In foreign currency 

Loss allowance on placements 

Total 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

343,022  
961,554  
1,304,576  

184,696  
79,973  
264,669  

(2,247) 

681,892  
447,648  
1,129,540  

199,056  
26,323  
225,379  

(3,837) 

1,566,998  

1,351,082  

An analysis of the change in the loss allowance on placements with other banks is as follows: 

Balance as at 1 January 
Loss allowance for the period 
Release of loss allowance for the period 
Use of loss allowance for the period 
Assets held for sale 
Foreign currency translation difference 
Closing balance  

Interest conditions of placements with other banks: 

Interest rates on placements with other banks  

denominated in HUF 

Interest rates on placements with other banks 

denominated in foreign currency 

Average interest rates on placements  

with other banks (%) 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

3,837  
3,425  
(4,880) 
-  
(12) 
(123) 
2,247  

2,994  
38,314  
(38,378) 
(100) 
-  
1,007  
3,837  

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

0.00% - 25.00% 

0.00% - 25.70% 

0.00% - 22.00% 

(1.5)% - 13.29% 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

13.89% 

11.02% 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

458 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 7: 

REPO RECEIVABLES (in HUF mn) 

Within one year 

In HUF 
In foreign currency 

Over one year 
In HUF 
In foreign currency 

Loss allowance on repo receivables 

Total 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

18,341 
206,077 
224,418 

37 
22 
59 

(593) 

223,884 

41,250 
- 
41,250 

- 
- 
- 

(241) 

41,009 

An analysis of the change in the loss allowance on repo receivables is as follows: 

Balance as at 1 January 
Loss allowance for the period 
Release of loss allowance for the period 
Use of loss allowance 
Foreign currency translation difference 
Closing balance 

Interest conditions of repo receivables (%): 

Interest rates on repo receivables denominated  

in HUF 

Interest rates on repo receivables denominated  

in foreign currency 

Average interest rates on repo 

receivables denominated in HUF (%) 

Average interest rates on repo 

receivables denominated in foreign currency (%) 

Securities as collaterals underlying repo receivable contracts: 

Types of securities 

Government bonds 
Treasury bills 
Total 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

241 
5,002 
(4,631) 
- 
(19) 
593 

290 
4,744 
(4,794) 
- 
1 
241 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

0.00% - 11.00% 

10.70% - 18.00% 

0.00% - 17.96% 

- 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

11.83% 

6.92% 

9.93% 

- 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

31,333 
197,639 
228,972 

46,081 
3,949 
50,030 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

459 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 8: 

FINANCIAL ASSETS AT FAIR VALUE THROUGH PROFIT OR LOSS (in HUF mn) 

Trading securities at fair value through profit or loss 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

Government bonds 
Equity instruments and fund units 
Corporate bonds 
Discounted Treasury bills 
Mortgage bonds 
Other interest-bearing securities 
Other non-interest-bearing securities 

Non-trading instruments mandatorily at  

fair value through profit or loss 

Equity instruments, shares and open-ended fund units 
Bonds 

Financial assets designated at  

fair value through profit or loss 

Total 

Positive fair value of derivative financial assets held for trading 

Foreign exchange swaps held for trading 
Interest rate swaps held for trading  
Commodity swaps 
CCIRS and mark-to-market CCIRS  

held-for-trading 1 

Foreign exchange forward contracts held for trading 
Held-for-trading option contracts  
Held-for-trading forward security agreement 
Other derivative transactions held for trading2 
Total 

Total 

1 CCIRS: Cross Currency Interest Rate Swaps (See Note 2.5.3.3.) 
2 Other category includes: fx spot, equity swaps, option and index futures. 

An analysis of securities held for trading portfolio by currency (%): 

Denominated in HUF 
Denominated in foreign currency 
Total 

58,232 
513 
584 
3,959 
97 
3,852 
331 
67,568 

64,002 
3,686 
67,688 

78,897 
385 
119 
22,896 
72 
1,628 
753 
104,750 

49,746 
5,409 
55,155 

- 

- 

135,256 

159,905 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

36,068 
65,711 
32,336 

8,644 
7,101 
3,040 
3 
726 
153,629 

288,885 

79,395 
127,230 
33,693 

20,512 
13,085 
2,122 
13 
432 
276,482 

436,387 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

30.73% 
69.27% 
100.00% 

81.47% 
18.53% 
100.00% 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

460 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

NOTE 8:  

FINANCIAL ASSETS AT FAIR VALUE THROUGH PROFIT OR LOSS (in HUF mn) 
[continued] 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

An analysis of government bond portfolio by currency (%): 

Denominated in HUF 
Denominated in foreign currency 
Total 

Interest conditions of held for trading securities (%): 

Interest rates on securities held for trading  

denominated in HUF 

Interest rates on securities held for trading 

denominated in foreign currency 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

22.71% 
77.29% 
100.00% 

78.42% 
21.58% 
100.00% 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

1.90% - 16.66% 

0.00% - 16.69% 

0.00% - 18.00% 

0.00% - 7.63% 

Interest conditions and the remaining maturities of securities held for trading can be analysed as follows: 

Within one year 

With variable interest 
With fixed interest 

Over one year 

With variable interest 
With fixed interest 

Non-interest-bearing securities 

Total 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

135 
40,689 
40,824 

1,154 
24,746 
25,900 

844 

67,568 

3,041 
29,025 
32,066 

9,535 
62,011 
71,546 

1,138 

104,750 

Interest conditions and the remaining maturities of non-trading securities mandatorily at fair value through profit 
or loss are as follows: 

Within one year 

With variable interest 
With fixed interest 

Over one year 

With variable interest 
With fixed interest 

Non-interest-bearing securities 

Total 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

- 
- 
- 

- 
57 
57 

67,631 

67,688 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

55,155 

55,155 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

461 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

NOTE 8:  

FINANCIAL ASSETS AT FAIR VALUE THROUGH PROFIT OR LOSS (in HUF mn) 
[continued] 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

Profit from associates from shares measured  

at fair value through profit or loss 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

14,297 

12,216 

An analysis of non-trading securities mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss portfolio by currency (%): 

Denominated in HUF 
Denominated in foreign currency 
Total 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

60.76% 
39.24% 
100.00% 

60.69% 
39.31% 
100.00% 

Interest conditions of non-trading instruments mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss (%): 

Interest rates on non-trading instruments mandatorily at fair 

value through profit or loss denominated in foreign currency (%) 

2.00% - 3.00% 

- 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

462 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

NOTE 9: 

SECURITIES AT FAIR VALUE THROUGH OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 
(in HUF mn) 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

Securities at fair value through other  

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

comprehensive income 
Government bonds 
Corporate bonds 

Listed securities: 

In HUF 
In foreign currency 

Non-listed securities: 

In HUF 
In foreign currency 

Mortgage bonds 
Interest bearing treasury bills 
Securities issued by the National Bank of Hungary 
Other securities 

Total 

Non-interest-bearing instruments at fair value 

through other comprehensive income 

Listed securities: 

In HUF 
In foreign currency 

Non-listed securities: 

In HUF 
In foreign currency 

1,288,230 
34,996 

- 
16,989 
16,989 

12,115 
5,892 
18,007 
30,344 
235 
114,746 
72,429 
1,540,980 

1,301,179 
82,651 

- 
13,626 
13,626 

14,304 
54,721 
69,025 
54,553 
182,726 
74,867 
3,470 
1,699,446 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

- 
9,472 
9,472 

403 
50,606 
51,009 
60,481 

- 
11,233 
11,233 

403 
28,521 
28,924 
40,157 

Total 

1,601,461 

1,739,603 

Movement table of loss allowance of securities at fair value through other comprehensive income is presented in 
Note 27. 

An analysis of securities at fair value through other comprehensive income by currency (%): 

Denominated in HUF 
Denominated in foreign currency 
Total 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

33.85% 
66.15% 
100.00% 

36.47% 
63.53% 
100.00% 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

463 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

NOTE 9:  

SECURITIES AT FAIR VALUE THROUGH OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME  
(in HUF mn) [continued] 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

Detailed information of the non-interest-bearing instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income: 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

Strategic investments closely related to banking activity 

Fair value 
Dividend income from instruments held at the reporting date 
Derecognition 

Fair  value  of  disposed,  reclassified  equity  instrument,  fund 
units 
Cumulative gain / loss on disposal, reclassification 

transferred to retained earnings 

Other strategic investments 

Fair value 
Dividend income from instruments held at the reporting date 

Total 

Total fair values 
Dividend income from instruments held at the reporting date 
Fair value of derecognized equity instrument, fund units 
Cumulative gain / loss on disposal 
transferred to retained earnings 

51,131 
369 

2,277 

3,978 

9,350 
61 

60,481 
430 
2,277 

3,978 

31,873 
1,120 

4,906 

- 

8,284 
59 

40,157 
1,179 
4,906 

- 

Since the joining of NKBM into OTP Group on the 6th of February 2023, investment in Bankart d.o.o. became an 
associated company and the Group reclassified the investment in Bankart from Securities at fair value through 
other comprehensive income to Associates and other investments. The amount of this reclassification transferred 
to retained earnings was HUF 1,301 million and the fair value of the investment was HUF 2,277 million as at the 
reclassification.  
During the year ended 31 December 2022 HUF 2,677 million equity instruments measured at fair value through 
other comprehensive income was sold but the realized income only in 2023 was transferred to retained earnings. 

An analysis of government bonds by currency (%): 

Denominated in HUF 
Denominated in foreign currency 
Total 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

29.83% 
70.17% 
100.00% 

23.64% 
76.36% 
100.00% 

Interest conditions of the security portfolio at fair value through other comprehensive income are as follows (%): 

Interest rates on securities at fair value through   

other comprehensive income denominated in HUF 

Interest rates on securities at fair value through  
other comprehensive income denominated  
in foreign currency 

Average interest rates on securities at fair value through  
other comprehensive income denominated in HUF (%) 

Average interest rates on securities at fair value  

through other comprehensive income denominated 
in foreign currency (%) 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

2.00% - 13.80% 

1.50% - 15.11% 

0.01% - 19.75% 

0.00% - 18.24% 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

3.51% 

3.31% 

3.60% 

2.55% 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

464 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

NOTE 9:  

SECURITIES AT FAIR VALUE THROUGH OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME  
(in HUF mn) [continued] 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

Interest conditions and the remaining maturities of securities at fair value through other comprehensive income 
can be analysed as follows: 

Within one year 

With variable interest 
With fixed interest 

Over one year 

With variable interest 
With fixed interest 

Non-interest-bearing securities 

Total 

Certain securities are hedged against interest rate risk. See Note 37.4.

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

456 
373,618 
374,074 

18,136 
1,148,770 
1,166,906 

15,124 
507,888 
523,012 

28,523 
1,147,911 
1,176,434 

60,481 

40,157 

1,601,461 

1,739,603 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

465 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 10:  SECURITIES AT AMORTIZED COST (in HUF mn) 

Government bonds 
Corporate bonds 
Bonds of Hungarian National Bank 
Discounted Treasury bills 
Mortgage bonds 
Interest bearing Treasury bills 
Other securities 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

4,468,813 
310,514 
- 
67,653 
24,738 
6,480 
403,722 
5,281,920 

4,375,085 
250,538 
177,679 
19,539 
24,586 
4,977 
82,583 
4,934,987 

Loss allowance on securities at amortized cost 

(32,648) 

(43,049) 

Total 

5,249,272 

4,891,938 

Interest conditions and the remaining maturities of securities at amortized cost can be analysed as follows: 

Within one year 

With variable interest 
With fixed interest 

Over one year 

With variable interest 
With fixed interest 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

- 
700,735 
700,735 

6,005 
4,575,180 
4,581,185 

159 
951,773 
951,932 

25,753 
3,957,302 
3,983,055 

Total 

5,281,920 

4,934,987 

An analysis of securities at amortized cost by currency (%): 

Denominated in HUF 
Denominated in foreign currency 
Total 

Interest conditions of securities at amortized cost (%): 

Interest rates of securities at amortized cost 

with variable interest 

Interest rates of securities at amortized cost  

with fixed interest  

Average interest rates on securities  

at amortized cost denominated in HUF (%) 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

46.81% 
53.19% 
100.00% 

63.50% 
36.50% 
100.00% 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

0.75%  - 2.91% 

0.75%  - 17.74% 

0.00% - 26.00% 

0.00% - 23.00% 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

4.48% 

3.31% 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

466 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 10:  SECURITIES AT AMORTIZED COST (in HUF mn) [continued] 

An analysis of the change in the loss allowance on securities at amortized cost is as follows: 

Balance as at 1 January 
Loss allowance for the period 
Release of loss allowance 
Use of loss allowance 
Assets held for sale 
Foreign currency translation difference 
Closing balance 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

43,049 
10,875 
(20,060) 
- 
(637) 
(579) 
32,648 

9,113 
37,104 
(5,603) 
- 
- 
2,435 
43,049 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

467 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 11:  LOANS AT AMORTIZED COST AND AT FAIR VALUE (in HUF mn) 

Loans at amortized cost 

Within one year 

In HUF 
In foreign currency 

Over one year 
In HUF 
In foreign currency 

Loss allowance on loans 

Total 

An analysis of the gross loan portfolio at amortized cost by currency (%): 

In HUF 
In foreign currency 
Total 

Interest rates of the loan portfolio at amortized cost are as follows: 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

1,340,659 
3,714,471 
5,055,130 

2,516,270 
10,999,164 
13,515,434 

1,422,663 
3,672,023 
5,094,686 

2,425,793 
9,540,339 
11,966,132 

18,570,564 

17,060,818 

(894,031) 

(966,360) 

17,676,533 

16,094,458 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

20.77% 
79.23% 
100.00% 

22.56% 
77.44% 
100.00% 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

Loans at amortized cost denominated in HUF1 
Loans at amortized cost denominated in foreign currency2 

0.00% - 59.99% 
(0.50)% - 90.00% 

0.00% - 43.70% 
(0.10)% - 90.00% 

1 The highest interest rate relates to HUF loan is car loan in the current year and overdraft loan in the previous year. 
2 The highest interest rate relates to loan in foreign currency is multi personal loan for the current year and POS services in the previous year. 

Average interest rates on loans at amortized cost 

denominated in HUF (%) 

Average interest rates on loans at amortized cost 

denominated in foreign currency (%) 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

11.36% 

6.12% 

8.65% 

5.47% 

The  amount of those loans which were written-off in the current year but they are still subject to enforcement 
activity to be collected is still going on were HUF 64,487 million and HUF 117,357 million as at 31 December 
2023 and 2022, respectively. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

468 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 11:   LOANS AT AMORTIZED COST AND AT FAIR VALUE (in HUF mn) [continued] 

An analysis of the change in the loss allowance on loans is as follows: 

Balance as at 1 January 

Loss allowance for the period 
Release of loss allowance 

Loss allowance in the current period 

from this: effect of change in parameters  
used for loss allowance calculation 

Use of loss allowance 
Partial write-off 1 
Assets held for sale 
Foreign currency translation difference 
Closing balance 

1 See details in Note 2.5.8. 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

966,360 
714,784 
(551,477) 
163,307 

(22,784) 
(61,078) 
(37,169) 
(61,355) 
(76,034) 
894,031 

851,994 
676,389 
(469,929) 
206,460 

10,276 
(92,004) 
(67,651) 
- 
67,561 
966,360 

Movement in loss allowance on loans and placements is summarized as below: 

Release of loss allowance on placements and 
loss from derecognition of placements 

Loss allowance on loans and gain from 

derecognition of loans 

Total 2 

2 See details in Note 31. 

Loans mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss 

Within one year 

In HUF 
In foreign currency 

Over one year 
In HUF 
In foreign currency 

Total 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

(1,455) 

111,771 
110,316 

(39) 

114,163 
114,124 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

77,886 
131 
78,017 

1,320,889 
1,579 
1,322,468 

70,883 
- 
70,883 

1,176,531 
- 
1,176,531 

1,400,485 

1,247,414 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

469 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 11:   LOANS AT AMORTIZED COST AND AT FAIR VALUE (in HUF mn) [continued] 

An analysis of the loan portfolio mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss by currency (%): 

In HUF 
In foreign currency 
Total 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

99.88% 
0.12% 
100.00% 

100.00% 
0.00% 
100.00% 

Interest rates of the loan portfolio mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss are as follows (%): 

Interest rates on loans denominated 

in HUF 

Interest rates on loans denominated 

in foreign currency 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

1.31% - 25.36% 

1.12% - 18.26% 

5.00% - 30.00% 

- 

Average interest rates on loan portfolio at fair value through 

profit or loss denominated in HUF (%) 

Average interest rates on loan portfolio at fair value through 

profit or loss denominated in foreign currency (%) 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

6.96% 

4.68% 

4.55% 

0.04% 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

470 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 12:  ASSOCIATES AND OTHER INVESTMENTS (in HUF mn) 

Investments 

Investments in associates (non-listed) 
Other investments (non-listed) 

Impairment on investments 

Total 

An analysis of the change in the impairment on investments is as follows: 

Balance as at 1 January 
Impairment for the period 
Release of impairment for the period 
Modification due to merge 
Use of impairment 
Foreign currency translation difference 
Closing balance 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

66,805 
39,019 
105,824 

(9,714) 

96,110 

56,835 
29,094 
85,929 

(12,080) 

73,849 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

12,080 
44 
(65) 
(2,344) 
- 
(1) 
9,714 

12,514 
1,312 
(411) 
(1,238) 
- 
(97) 
12,080 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

471 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 13: 

PROPERTY, EQUIPMENT AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS (in HUF mn) 

There are different kinds of tangible and intangible assets held by the Group. In the followings there are presented 
reasons of the changes from opening values to closing ones in the gross values, the accumulated depreciation and 
amortization  and  in  the  impairment  of  the  tangible  and  intangible  assets  in  the  Group.  Here  can  be  found 
information  about  the  fair  values  of  the  tangible  assets  and  gross  amounts  of  those  assets  which  were  fully 
depreciated but which are still in use.  

Carrying  amount  of  the  temporarily  idle  properties  was  HUF  3,334  million  and  HUF  3,466  million  as  at  31 
December 2023 and 2022, respectively. 
There  was  HUF  330  million  restrictions  on  title  and  properties,  plants  or  equipment  pledged  as  security  for 
liabilities as at 31 December 2023 and there was no restriction as at 31 December 2022.  
As at 31 December 2023 and 31 December 2022 the amount of contractual commitments for the acquisition of 
tangible and intangible assets was HUF 29,980 million and HUF 21,116 million, respectively. 

Impairment for the properties in the current period was needed as a result of the valuation performed by using the 
comparative value method (market analogy method) with direct comparison to the market price of other similar 
properties. Actual market transactions were used based on the 6-month period prior to the valuation date where 
the market price of the analogous property is adjusted by an expert coefficient for market adaptation (“ECMA”). 
Usually this range is from -25% to +25% and reflects the availability of sufficient market information for similar 
items but at these properties ECMA exceeded this range where the circumstances were exceptional although by 
decision of the appraiser it was used only for unique properties with characteristics similar to the appraised ones, 
for which no sufficient market analogues are available. The price was adjusted by coefficients reflecting the area, 
location, size and structure of the property, as well as a weighing factor reflecting the weight of the selected market 
analogies in the determined fair value. 
The Bank decided that the recoverable amount of goodwill is determined based on fair value less cost of disposal. 
When the Bank prepares goodwill impairment tests of the subsidiaries, the two methods which are used based on 
discounted cash-flow calculation that shows the same result; however, they represent different economical logics. 
Based on the internal regulation of the Bank as at 31 December 2023 impairment test was prepared where a three-
year cash-flow model was applied with an explicit period between 2024-2026. The basis for the estimation was 
the actual data of November 2023 and based on the prepared medium-term (2024-2026) forecasts. When the Bank 
prepared the calculations for the period 2024-2026, it considered the actual worldwide economic situations, the 
expected  economic  growth  for  the  following  years,  their  possible  effects  on  the  financial  sector,  the  plans  for 
growing which result from these, and the expected changes of the mentioned factors.  

Present value calculation with the Free Cash-Flow method 

The  Bank  calculated  the  expected  cash-flow for  the given period  based  on  the  expected  after-tax  profit  of  the 
companies. The calculation is highly sensitive to the level of discount rate and growth rate used. As discount factor 
the Bank uses a zero coupon yield curve derived by the Headquarter Asse-Liability Management department. This 
zero coupon curve is estimated for each related countries, based on the countries’ issued bonds and segmented by 
the issuances’ currencies. By subsidiaries where the yield curves were not available (Ukraine) the daily Overnight 
deposit yield was used as a benchmark, provided by National Bank of Ukraine as currently the only available 
proxy for the hryvnia rate. 
The Bank calculated risk premiums on the basis of information from the country risk premiums that are published 
by Aswath Damodaran – New York STERN University, according to the Bank’s assumption the risk-free interest 
rate includes the country-dependent risks in an implicit way. 
 When the subsidiary owns subordinated debt, the discount rate is calculated as a weighted average of the expected 
return on equity presented previously and the subordinated debt’s interest rate. At the end of the calculation, the 
value of subordinated debt is being subtracted from the valuations’ result. 
The growth rate in the explicit period is the growth rate of the profit after tax adjusted by the interest rate of the 
cash and subordinated loans. The supposed growth rates for the periods of residual values reflect the long-term 
economic expectations in case of every country. 
The values of the subsidiaries in the FCF method were then calculated as the sum of the discounted cash-flows of 
the explicit period, the present value of the terminal values and the initial free capital assuming an effective capital 
structure. 

Summary of the impairment test for the year ended 31 December 2023 and 2022 

Based on the valuations of the subsidiaries for the year ended 31 December 2023 no goodwill impairment while 
for the year ended 31 December 2022 67,715 million HUF goodwill impairment was needed to be recorded by the 
Group for JSC “OTP Bank” (Russia).  

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

472 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 13:  PROPERTY, EQUIPMENT AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

For the year ended 31 December 2023 

Cost 

Intangible 
assets 

Goodwill 

Property  Machinery and 
office equipment 

Vehicle 

Construction 
in progress 

Balance as at 1 January  
Increase due to acquisition 
Additions 
Foreign currency  

translation differences 

Disposals 
Assets held for sale 
Closing balance 

471,420 
18,484 
131,153 

(16,618) 
(45,342) 
(16,362) 
542,735 

109,185 
- 
328 

(1,715) 
(40,866) 
- 
66,932 

375,765 
41,770 
34,384 

(11,158) 
(8,075) 
(11,079) 
421,607 

271,879 
9,085 
42,538 

(10,447) 
(22,041) 
(14,472) 
276,542 

43,288 
207 
1,744 

(419) 
(1,460) 
(1,429) 
41,931 

53,544 
339 
71,211 

110 
(78,421) 
(886) 
45,897 

Tangible assets 
subject to 
operating lease 

31,206 
272 
18,644 

(1,482) 
(12,016) 
- 
36,624 

Total 

1,356,287 
70,157 
300,002 

(41,729) 
(208,221) 
(44,228) 
1,432,268 

Depreciation and amortization 

Intangible 
assets 

Property 

Machinery and 
office equipment 

Vehicle 

Balance as at 1 January  
Charge for the period 
Foreign currency  

translation differences 

Disposals 
Assets held for sale 
Closing balance 

299,912 
53,259 

(9,862) 
(19,459) 
(11,765) 
312,085 

93,288 
11,599 

(3,455) 
(4,067) 
(5,675) 
91,690 

195,614 
28,516 

(8,392) 
(19,375) 
(9,139) 
187,224 

9,140 
2,302 

(265) 
(2,131) 
(899) 
8,147 

Tangible assets 
subject to 
operating lease 

Total 

8,855 
4,447 

(447) 
(5,004) 
- 
7,851 

606,809 
100,123 

(22,421) 
(50,036) 
(27,478) 
606,997 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

473 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 13:  PROPERTY, EQUIPMENT AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

For the year ended 31 December 2023 [continued] 

Impairment 

Intangible 
assets 

Goodwill 

Property 

Machinery and 
office equipment 

Balance as at 1 January  
Impairment for the period 
Release of impairment for the period 
Foreign currency 

 translation differences 

Use of impairment 
Closing balance 

2,796 
4,361 
- 

37 
(970) 
6,224 

40,866 
- 
- 

- 
(40,866) 
- 

4,251 
441 
- 

(215) 
(1) 
4,476 

46 
820 
(2) 

2 
(820) 
46 

Tangible assets 
subject to 
operating lease 
19 
30 
- 

(1) 
(5) 
43 

Total 

47,978 
5,652 
(2) 

(177) 
(42,662) 
10,789 

Intangible 
assets 

Goodwill  Property 

Machinery and 
office equipment 

Vehicle 

Construction 
in progress 

Tangible assets 
subject to 
operating lease 

Total 

Carrying value 
Balance as at 1 January  
Closing balance 

168,712 
224,426 

68,319 
66,932 

278,226 
325,441 

76,219 
89,272 

34,148 
33,784 

53,544 
45,897 

22,332 
28,730 

701,500 
814,482 

Fair values 

- 

- 

350,867 

89,318 

33,779 

Gross amount of the fully 
depreciated assets that 
are still in use 

164,201 

- 

27,950 

136,683 

1,612 

- 

- 

28,730 

502,694 

582 

331,028 

An analysis of the intangible assets for the year ended 31 December 2023 is as follows: 

Intangible assets 

Self-developed 

Purchased 

Total 

Gross values 
Accumulated amortization 
Impairment 
Carrying value 

22,230 
(10,220) 
- 
12,010 

520,505 
(301,865) 
(6,224) 
212,416 

542,735 
(312,085) 
(6,224) 
224,426 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

474 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 13:  PROPERTY, EQUIPMENT AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

For the year ended 31 December 2023 [continued] 

Carrying value of the investment and goodwill allocated to the appropriate cash generating units 

Subsidiaries 

DSK Bank EAD 
(Bulgaria) 
OTP banka d.d. 
(Croatia) 

POK-DSK Rodina a.d. 

(Bulgaria) 
George Consult 
(Croatia) 

OTP Home Solutions Llc. 

(Hungary) 

OTP Invest Drustvo AD  

(Serbia) 

Carrying 
amounts of the 
subsidiary in 
HUF million 

Goodwill 
values in 
HUF million 

Goodwill values in 
million functional 
currency 

Type of 
functional 
currency 

Consolidated 
ownership 
interest 

With ownership 
adjusted company 
value in HUF million 

Applied long 
term grow rate 

Applied 
long term 
discount 
rate 

280,722 

43,684 

28,541 
77 

HUF 
BGN 

99.92% 

1,072,672 

3.00% 

12.28% 

205,349 

22,221 

1,680 

225 

3,870 

11 

212 

478 

304 
492,150 

326 
66,932 

58 

11 

4 

478 

100 

EUR 

100.00% 

465,038 

3.00% 

10.75% 

HUF 

HRK 

99.85% 

76.00% 

HUF 

100.00% 

RSD 

100.00% 

18,880 

3.00% 

12.28% 

171 

3,870 

304 

3.00% 

10.75% 

3.00% 

14.25% 

3.00% 

12.69% 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

475 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 13:  PROPERTY, EQUIPMENT AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

For the year ended 31 December 2022 

Cost 

Intangible 
assets 

Goodwill 

Property 

Machinery and 
office equipment 

Vehicle 

Construction 
in progress 

Balance as at 1 January  
Increase due to acquisition 
Additions 
Foreign currency  

translation differences 

Disposals 
Closing balance 

408,003 
706 
111,397 

16,350 
(65,036) 
471,420 

105,640 
478 
- 

3,067 
- 
109,185 

304,922 
933 
66,034 

15,936 
(12,060) 
375,765 

243,731 
522 
29,709 

10,951 
(13,034) 
271,879 

41,252 
- 
2,728 

408 
(1,100) 
43,288 

Depreciation and amortization 

Intangible 
assets 

Property  Machinery and 
office equipment 

Vehicle 

Tangible assets 
subject to 
operating lease 

67,657 
- 
79,638 

316 
(94,067) 
53,544 

Total 

Tangible assets 
subject to 
operating lease 
30,833 
- 
12,892 

Total 

1,202,038 
2,639 
302,398 

1,952 
(14,471) 
31,206 

48,980 
(199,768) 
1,356,287 

Balance as at 1 January  
Charge for the period 
Foreign currency  

translation differences 

Disposals 
Closing balance 

262,307 
49,750 

9,482 
(21,627) 
299,912 

83,707 
10,627 

4,145 
(5,191) 
93,288 

173,138 
26,770 

8,081 
(12,375) 
195,614 

7,188 
2,433 

257 
(738) 
9,140 

9,493 
4,249 

718 
(5,605) 
8,855 

535,833 
93,829 

22,683 
(45,536) 
606,809 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

476 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 13:  PROPERTY, EQUIPMENT AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

For the year ended 31 December 2022 [continued] 

Impairment 

Intangible 
assets 

Goodwill 

Property  Machinery and 
office equipment 

Balance as at 1 January  
Impairment for the period 
Release of impairment for the period 
Foreign currency 

 translation differences 

Use of impairment 
Closing balance 

2,705 
37 
- 

54 
- 
2,796 

- 
67,715 
- 

(26,849) 
- 
40,866 

3,553 
590 
- 

258 
(150) 
4,251 

43 
- 
- 

3 
- 
46 

Tangible assets 
subject to 
operating lease 

Total 

137 
- 
(122) 

7 
(3) 
19 

6,438 
68,342 
(122) 

(26,527) 
(153) 
47,978 

Intangible 
assets 

Goodwill 

Property 

Machinery and 
office equipment 

Vehicle 

Construction 
in progress 

Tangible assets 
subject to 
operating lease 

Total 

Carrying value 
Balance as at 1 January  
Closing balance 

142,991 
168,712 

105,640 
68,319 

Fair values 

- 

Gross amount of the fully 
depreciated assets that 
are still in use 

152,718 

- 

- 

217,662 
278,226 

308,375 

70,550 
76,219 

34,064 
34,148 

67,657 
53,544 

21,203 
22,332 

659,767 
701,500 

76,230 

34,122 

- 

- 

22,351 

441,078 

- 

324,539 

26,007 

144,310 

1,504 

An analysis of the intangible assets for the year ended 31 December 2022 is as follows: 

Intangible assets 

Self-developed 

Purchased 

Total 

Gross values 
Accumulated amortization 
Impairment 
Carrying value 

14,704 
(5,508) 
- 
9,196 

456,716 
(294,404) 
(2,796) 
159,516 

471,420 
(299,912) 
(2,796) 
168,712 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

477 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 13:  PROPERTY, EQUIPMENT AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

For the year ended 31 December 2022 [continued] 

Carrying value of the investment and goodwill allocated to the appropriate cash generating units 

Subsidiaries 

DSK Bank EAD 
(Bulgaria) 
OTP banka d.d. 
(Croatia) 

POK-DSK Rodina a.d. 

(Bulgaria) 
George Consult 
(Croatia) 

OTP Home Solutions Llc. 

(Hungary) 

Carrying 
amounts of the 
subsidiary in 
HUF million 

Goodwill 
values in 
HUF million 

Goodwill values in 
million functional 
currency 

Type of 
functional 
currency 

Consolidated 
ownership 
interest 

With ownership 
adjusted company 
value in HUF million 

Applied long 
term grow rate 

Applied 
long term 
discount 
rate 

280,722 

44,375 

28,541 
77 

HUF 
BGN 

99.92% 

840,031 

3.00% 

12.54% 

EUR 

100.00% 

410,711 

2.69% 

10.69% 

205,349 

23,235 

1,680 

225 

2,570 
490,546 

11 

220 

478 
68,319 

58 

11 

4 

HUF 

HRK 

99.85% 

76.00% 

478 

HUF 

100.00% 

16,564 

3.00% 

12.54% 

171 

2,570 

2.69% 

10.69% 

3.00% 

16.26% 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

478 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 14:   INVESTMENT PROPERTIES (in HUF mn) 

An analysis of the change in gross values of investment properties is as follows: 

Gross values 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

Balance as at 1 January 
Increase due to transfer from inventories  

or owner-occupied properties 

Increase from purchase 
Increase from acquisition 
Transfer to held-for-sale properties 
Transfer to inventories or owner-occupied properties 
Disposal due to sale 
Assets held for sale 
Foreign currency translation difference 
Closing balance 

The applied depreciation and amortization rates were as follows: 

61,346 

- 
10,363 
9,910 
(34) 
(4,985) 
(10,652) 
(182) 
(2,214) 
63,552 

40,241 

1,830 
20,935 
- 
(321) 
(1,442) 
(1,798) 
- 
1,901 
61,346 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

Depreciation and amortization rates 

2.00% - 15.00% 

2.00% - 20.00% 

An analysis of the movement in the depreciation and amortization on investment properties is as follows: 

Depreciation and amortization 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

Balance as at 1 January  
Additions due to transfer from inventories  

or owner-occupied properties 

Charge for the period 
Assets held for sale 
Transfer to inventories or owner-occupied properties 
Disposal due to sale 
Transfer to held-for-sale properties 
Foreign currency translation difference 
Closing balance 

11,273 

- 
866 
(86) 
(2,178) 
(420) 
(5) 
(442) 
9,008 

9,111 

1,513 
912 
- 
(126) 
(780) 
(17) 
660 
11,273 

An analysis of the movement in the impairment on investment properties is as follows: 

Impairment 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

Balance as at 1 January 
Impairment for the period 
Release of impairment for the period 
Use of impairment 
Assets held for sale 
Decrease due to transfer to inventories  

or owner-occupied properties 

Foreign currency translation difference 
Closing balance 

2,621 
32 
(1,394) 
- 
(34) 

(11) 
(51) 
1,163 

1,248 
1,389 
(63) 
(40) 
- 

(8) 
95 
2,621 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

479 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 14:   INVESTMENT PROPERTIES (in HUF mn) [continued] 

Carrying values 

Balance as at 1 January  
Closing balance 

Fair values 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

47,452 
53,381 

72,647 

29,882 
47,452 

61,198 

The amount of restrictions on the realisability of investment property is HUF 781 million as at 31 December 2023 
while there wasn’t any restriction as at 31 December 2022. 

The Group chose the cost model for measuring investment properties but estimates and reviews the fair value of 
the investment properties by external experts, these investment properties would have been presented on level 3 
in the fair value hierarchy if the Group didn’t apply cost method for this recognition. 

Income and expenses  

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

Rental income 
Direct operating expenses of investment properties 
 – income generating 
Direct operating expenses of investment properties  
 – non income generating 

3,029 

451 

307 

2,511 

426 

82 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

480 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 15:  DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL ASSETS DESIGNATED AS HEDGE ACCOUNTING  

(in HUF mn) 

Positive fair value of derivative financial assets designated as fair value hedge 

CCIRS and mark-to-market CCIRS designated  

as fair value hedge 

Foreign exchange swap designated as fair value hedge 
Interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedge 
Total 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

24,750 
- 
17,217 
41,967 

20,732 
1,696 
25,819 
48,247 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

481 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 16:  OTHER ASSETS (in HUF mn) 

Other assets are expected to be recovered or settled no more than twelve months after the reporting period. 

Other financial assets 

Receivables from card operations 
Prepayments and accrued income on other financial assets 
Trade receivables 
Receivables from investment services 
Other advances 
Stock exchange deals 
Giro clearing accounts 
Receivables due from pension funds and investment funds 
Receivables from leasing activities 
Advances for securities and investments 
Other financial assets 
Loss allowance on other financial assets 

Total 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

71,385 
34,369 
53,010 
56,855 
24,612 
20,451 
31,022 
8,507 
1,634 
82 
15,075 
(34,602) 
282,400 

67,981 
29,284 
37,777 
57,189 
19,652 
31,234 
12,593 
6,478 
1,778 
358 
30,490 
(31,833) 
262,981 

Other financial assets contain claims from overdue Russian government bonds, for further information please see 
details in Note 4. 1b. 

Other non-financial assets 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

Prepayments and accrued income on other non-financial assets 
Receivables, subsidies from the State, Government 
Settlement and suspense accounts 
Biological assets and agricultural produce 
Other non-financial assets 
Impairment on other non-financial assets 

Total 

59,311 
21,085 
26,409 
10,672 
45,294 
(4,437) 
158,334 

62,878 
23,383 
40,066 
8,366 
27,963 
(7,041) 
155,615 

Other assets (under IAS 2) 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

Inventories 
Repossessed real estate 
Repossessed other non-financial assets 
Write-down of the assets measured under IAS 2 

Total 

Total other assets 

56,552 
14,832 
2,289 
(4,977) 
68,696 

48,210 
6,985 
1,192 
(3,864) 
52,523 

509,430 

471,119 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

482 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 16:  OTHER ASSETS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

An analysis of the movement in the loss allowance on other financial assets is as follows: 

Balance as at 1 January 
Loss allowance for the period 
Release of allowance for the period 
Use of loss allowance 
Reclassification 
Assets held for sale 
Foreign currency translation difference 
Closing balance 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

31,833 
16,278 
(7,016) 
(3,505) 
- 
(371) 
(2,617) 
34,602 

16,800 
22,472 
(8,917) 
(2,083) 
253 
- 
3,308 
31,833 

An analysis of the movement in the impairment on other non-financial assets is as follows: 

Balance as at 1 January 
Impairment for the period 
Release of impairment for the period 
Use of impairment 
Reclassification 
Assets held for sale 
Foreign currency translation difference 
Closing balance 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

7,041 
778 
(1,161) 
(583) 
- 
(1,576) 
(62) 
4,437 

4,413 
3,304 
(647) 
(324) 
(253) 
- 
548 
7,041 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

483 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 17:  AMOUNTS DUE TO BANKS, THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS, DEPOSITS FROM 

THE NATIONAL BANKS AND OTHER BANKS (in HUF mn) 

Within one year 

In HUF 
In foreign currency 

Over one year 
In HUF 
In foreign currency 

Total 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

179,321 
244,011 
423,332 

737,892 
779,638 
1,517,530 

369,015 
218,611 
587,626 

689,579 
185,953 
875,532 

1,940,862 

1,463,158 

Interest rates on amounts due to banks, the National Governments, deposits from the National Banks and other 
banks are as follows: 

Within one year 

In HUF 
In foreign currency1 

Over one year 
In HUF 
In foreign currency1 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

(2.40)% - 8.75% 
(2.31)% - 18.00% 

(2.40)% - 18.00% 
(2.32)% - 12.00% 

(1.70)% - 11.40% 
(2.12)% - 16.81% 

(2.40)% - 9.23% 
(2.40)% - 13.76% 

Average interest rates on amounts due to banks,  
the National Governments, deposits from the  
National Banks and other banks denominated in HUF 

Average interest rates on amounts due to banks,  
the National Governments, deposits from the  
National Banks and other banks denominated in  
in foreign currency 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

3.25% 

2.28% 

5.65% 

2.40% 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

484 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 18:  REPO LIABILITIES (in HUF mn) 

Within one year 

In HUF 
In foreign currency 

Over one year 
In HUF 
In foreign currency 

Total 

Interest conditions on repo liabilities are as follows (%): 

Interest rates on repo liabilities  

denominated in HUF 

Interest rates on repo liabilities  

denominated in foreign currency 

Average interest rates on repo liabilities 

denominated in HUF 

Average interest rates on repo liabilities 
denominated in foreign currency 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

24,572 
101,665 
126,237 

- 
- 
- 

126,237 

29,147 
197 
29,344 

96 
187,929 
188,025 

217,369 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

0.00% - 0.00% 

4.75% - 15.47% 

0.00% - 3.65% 

2.47% - 5.20% 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

12.85% 

4.22% 

9.06% 

1.51% 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

485 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 19:  FINANCIAL LIABILITIES DESIGNATED AT FAIR VALUE THROUGH PROFIT OR 

LOSS (in HUF mn) 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

Within one year 

In HUF 
In foreign currency 

Over one year 
In HUF 
In foreign currency 

Total 

Contractual amount outstanding 
Result from associated entity's measured  
at fair value attributable to the Group 

1,816 
- 
1,816 

68,891 
- 
68,891 

70,707 

17,747 

50,921 

1,716 
- 
1,716 

52,475 
- 
52,475 

54,191 

19,853 

37,616 

Interest conditions of financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss can be analysed as follows: 

Interest rates on financial liabilities designated at 
fair value denominated in HUF within one year 

Interest rates on financial liabilities designated at 
fair value denominated in HUF over one year 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

4.97% - 9,97% 

2.19% - 3.96% 

4.83% 

0.01% - 4.63% 

Certain MFB (“Hungarian Development Bank”) refinanced loan receivables are categorised as fair value through 
profit or loss based on SPPI test. Related refinancing loans at the liability side are categorised as fair value through 
profit or loss based on fair value option due to accounting mismatch as provided by the IFRS 9 standard. 

The Group controls capital funds where it does not hold the 100% of the owner rights. The related non-controlling 
interest is treated as financial liability designated at fair value through profit or loss as it is not considered equity 
under IAS 32. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

486 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 20:  DEPOSITS FROM CUSTOMERS (in HUF mn) 

Within one year 

In HUF 
In foreign currency 

Over one year 
In HUF 
In foreign currency 

Total 

Interest rates on deposits from customers are as follows: 

Within one year 

In HUF 
In foreign currency1 

Over one year 
In HUF 
In foreign currency 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

7,584,728 
20,332,448 
27,917,176 

244,965 
170,290 
415,255 

7,910,448 
16,757,984 
24,668,432 

274,217 
246,156 
520,373 

28,332,431 

25,188,805 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

0.00% - 15.40% 
0.00% - 23.00% 

0.00% - 17.95% 
(0.40)% - 45.10% 

(0.36)% - 17.50% 
0.00% - 22.10% 

0.00%- 13.00% 
0.00% - 18.00% 

1 The highest interest rate regarding within-one-year deposits in foreign currency for the previous year relate to treasury deposit in Turkish lira 
in Hungary. 

Average interest rates on deposits from customers  

denominated in HUF 

Average interest rates on deposits from customers  

denominated in foreign currency 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

3.69% 

0.98% 

2.21% 

0.68% 

An analysis of deposits from customers by type is as follows: 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

Retail deposits 
Corporate deposits 
Municipality deposits 
Total 

16,093,360 
10,965,159 
1,273,912 
28,332,431 

56.80% 
38.70% 
4.50% 
100.00% 

13,739,669 
10,408,982 
1,040,154 
25,188,805 

54.56% 
41.32% 
4.13% 
100.00% 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

487 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 21:  LIABILITIES FROM ISSUED SECURITIES (in HUF mn) 

With original maturity 
Within one year 

In HUF 
In foreign currency 

Over one year 
In HUF 
In foreign currency 

Total 

Interest rates on liabilities from issued securities are as follows: 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

399,897 
153,264 
553,161 

283,165 
1,259,222 
1,542,387 

2,095,548 

48,755 
6,427 
55,182 

373,645 
441,855 
815,500 

870,682 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

Issued securities denominated in HUF 
Issued securities denominated in foreign currency 

0.60% - 15.00% 
1.63% - 16.00% 

0.60% - 15.00% 
0.74% - 7.35% 

Average interest rates on issued securities 

denominated in HUF 

Average interest rates on issued securities 

denominated in foreign currency 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

8.83% 

7.14% 

5.00% 

2.95% 

Issued securities denominated in HUF as at 31 December 2023 (in HUF mn) 

Name 

Date of issue 

Maturity 

Nominal 
value 
(in HUF mn) 

Amortized 
cost 
(in HUF mn) 

Interest conditions 

Hedged 

(actual interest 
rate in % p.a.) 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

OTPX2024A 

OTPX2024B 

OTPX2024C 

18/06/2014 

21/06/2024 

10/10/2014 

16/10/2024 

15/12/2014 

20/12/2024 

OTP_HUF_24/1 

17/02/2023 

17/02/2024 

OTP_HUF_24/2 

10/03/2023 

10/03/2024 

OTP_HUF_24/3 

31/03/2023 

31/03/2024 

OTP_HUF_24/4 

21/04/2023 

21/04/2024 

OTP_HUF_24/5 

12/05/2023 

12/05/2024 

OTP_HUF_24/6 

02/06/2023 

02/06/2024 

OTP_HUF_24/7 

23/06/2023 

23/06/2024 

OTP_HUF_24/8 

30/06/2023 

30/06/2024 

241 

295 

242 

26,079 

22,977 

17,015 

14,698 

13,946 

16,722 

11,232 

3,730 

283 

339 

275 

indexed 

indexed 

indexed 

28,593 

25,048 

18,441 

15,837 

14,937 

17,806 

11,859 

3,931 

fix 

fix 

fix 

fix 

fix 

fix 

fix 

fix 

1.30 

0.70 

0.60 

11.00 

11.00 

11.00 

11.00 

11.00 

11.00 

10.50 

10.50 

Subtotal 

127,177 

137,349 

hedged 

hedged 

hedged 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

488 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 21:  LIABILITIES FROM ISSUED SECURITIES (in HUF mn) [continued] 

Issued securities denominated in HUF as at 31 December 2023 (in HUF mn) [continued] 

Name 

Date of issue 

Maturity 

Nominal 
value 
(in HUF mn) 

Amortized 
cost 
(in HUF mn) 

Interest conditions  Hedged 

(actual interest 
rate in % p.a.) 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 

32 

OTP_HUF_24/9 

OTP_HUF_24/10 

OTP_HUF_24/11 

OTP_HUF_24/12 

OTP_HUF_24/13 

OTP_HUF_24/14 

OTP_HUF_24/15 

OTP_HUF_25/1 

OTP_HUF_25/2 

OTP_HUF_26/1 

OTP_HUF_26/2 

28/07/2023 

28/07/2024 

07/08/2023 

07/08/2024 

01/09/2023 

01/09/2024 

25/09/2023 

25/09/2024 

20/10/2023 

20/10/2024 

17/11/2023 

17/11/2024 

20/12/2023 

20/12/2024 

18/11/2022 

18/11/2025 

30/06/2023 

30/06/2025 

22/12/2022 

05/01/2026 

15/12/2023 

15/12/2026 

OTP_TBSZ_HUF_2028/1 

13/10/2023 

15/12/2028 

OJB2024_A 

OJB2024_C 

OJB2024_II 

OJB2025_II 

OJB2027_I 

OJB2029_A 

OJB2031_I 

OJB2032_A 

Other 

17/09/2018 

20/05/2024 

24/02/2020 

24/10/2024 

10/10/2018 

24/10/2024 

03/02/2020 

26/11/2025 

23/07/2020 

27/10/2027 

25/07/2022 

24/05/2029 

18/08/2021 

22/10/2031 

20/09/2023 

24/11/2032 

4,173 

1,431 

2,655 

2,777 

3,494 

3,509 

2,994 

25,563 

5,116 

10,228 

647 

155 

59,999 

80,000 

96,800 

22,550 

76,850 

66,520 

82,000 

25,000 

206 

4,364 

1,490 

2,743 

2,845 

3,557 

3,547 

3,004 

27,042 

5,431 

11,856 

649 

159 

fix 

fix 

fix 

fix 

fix 

fix 

fix 

fix 

fix 

fix 

fix 

fix 

59,999 

floating 

79,818 

floating 

92,101 

21,140 

67,619 

fix 

fix 

fix 

10.50 

10.00 

9.75 

9.00 

8.75 

8.50 

8.00 

15.00 

12.00 

12.00 

7.40 

12.00 

11.32 

10.90 

2.50 

1.50 

1.25 

66,360 

floating 

10.85 

66,867 

fix 

2.50 

24,916 

floating 

10.85 

206 

hedged 

hedged 

hedged 

Total issued securities in HUF 

699,844 

683,062 

Issued securities denominated in foreign currency as at 31 December 2023 

Name 

Date of 
issue 

Maturity 

Type of 
FX 

Nominal value 

Amortized cost 

Interest conditions 

(FX mn) 

(HUF mn) 

(FX mn) 

(HUF mn) 

(actual interest rate 
in % p.a.) 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

XS2560693181 

01/12/2022 

04/03/2026 

XS2626773381 

25/05/2023 

25/05/2027 

XS2499691330 

13/07/2022 

13/07/2025 

XS2642536671 

27/06/2023 

27/06/2026 

XS2536446649 

29/09/2022 

29/09/2026 

XS2698603326 

05/10/2023 

05/10/2027 

XS2737630314 

22/12/2023 

22/06/2026 

XS2703264635 

13/10/2023 

13/10/2026 

SI0022104176 

25/05/2021 

25/05/2027 

XS2430442868 

27/01/2022 

27/01/2024 

XS2639027346 

29/06/2023 

29/06/2026 

XS2260457754 

19/11/2020 

19/11/2025 

XS2331929963 

16/04/2021 

16/04/2024 

Total issued securities in FX 

EUR 

USD 

EUR 

EUR 

USD 

EUR 

EUR 

RON 

EUR 

EUR 

EUR 

USD 

UZS 

649 

500 

400 

110 

60 

650 

75 

170 

176 

300 

400 

300 

248,497 

173,152 

153,111 

42,106 

20,786 

248,725 

28,709 

13,082 

67,254 

114,834 

153,112 

103,932 

689 

499 

410 

114 

61 

674 

75 

173 

156 

304 

416 

285 

685,065 

19,250 

698,553 

263,732 

173,011 

157,095 

43,745 

21,180 

258,006 

28,778 

13,320 

59,728 

116,407 

159,266 

98,589 

19,629 

fix 

fix 

fix 

fix 

fix 

fix 

fix 

floating 

fix 

fix 

fix 

fix 

fix 

7.35 

7.50 

5.50 

7.50 

7.25 

6.13 

6.10 

8.10 

1.63 

1.88 

7.38 

5.50 

16.00 

1,386,550 

1,412,486 

Total issued securities 

2,095,548 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

489 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 21:  LIABILITIES FROM ISSUED SECURITIES (in HUF mn) [continued] 

Issued securities denominated in HUF as at 31 December 2022 (in HUF mn) 

Name 

Date of issue 

Maturity 

Nominal 
value 
(in HUF mn) 

Amortized 
cost 
(in HUF mn) 

Interest conditions 

Hedged 

(actual interest 
rate in % p.a.) 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

OTPX2023A 

OTPX2023B 

OTPX2024A 

OTPX2024B 

OTPX2024C 

22/03/2013 

24/03/2023 

28/06/2013 

26/06/2023 

18/06/2014 

21/06/2024 

10/10/2014 

16/10/2024 

15/12/2014 

20/12/2024 

OTP_HUF_25/1 

18/11/2022 

18/11/2025 

OTP_HUF_26/1 

22/12/2022 

05/01/2026 

OTPRF2023A 

22/03/2013 

24/03/2023 

OJB2023_I 

OJB2024_A 

OJB2024_II 

OJB2025_II 

OJB2027_I 

OJB2029_A 

OJB2031_I 

Other 

05/04/2018 

24/11/2023 

17/09/2018 

20/05/2024 

10/10/2018 

24/10/2024 

03/02/2020 

26/11/2025 

23/07/2020 

27/10/2027 

25/07/2022 

24/05/2029 

18/08/2021 

22/10/2031 

312  

198  

241  

295  

242  

25,562  

10,229  

1,010  

44,120  

53,732  

96,800  

22,550  

76,850  

91,510  

82,000  

269  

410  

indexed 

260  

indexed 

310  

indexed 

378  

indexed 

309  

indexed 

26,046  

10,270  

fix 

fix 

1,215  

indexed 

39,968  

fix 

1.7 

0.60 

1.30 

0.70 

0.60 

15.00 

12.00 

1.70 

1.75 

53,933  

floating 

17.36 

79,228  

16,193  

52,608  

fix 

fix 

fix 

2.50 

1.50 

1.25 

91,488  

floating 

17.13 

hedged 

hedged 

hedged 

hedged 

hedged 

hedged 

hedged 

hedged 

hedged 

hedged 

49,515  

fix 

2.50 

hedged 

269  

Total issued securities in HUF 

505,920 

422,400 

Issued securities denominated in foreign currency as at 31 December 2022 

Name 

Date of 
issue 

Maturity 

Type of 
FX 

Nominal value 

Amortized cost 

Interest conditions 

1 

2 

3 

4 

XS2560693181 

01/12/2022 

04/03/2026 

XS2499691330 

13/07/2022 

13/07/2025 

XS2536446649 

29/09/2022 

29/09/2026 

EUR 

EUR 

USD 

Other 

Total issued securities in FX 

Total issued securities 

(FX mn) 

(HUF mn) 

(FX mn) 

(HUF mn) 

650 

399 

60 

12 

260,136 

159,859 

22,541 

60 

442,596 

653 

409 

61 

15 

261,341 

163,893 

22,972 

76 

448,282 

870,682 

(actual interest rate 
in % p.a.) 

fix 

fix 

fix 

7.35 

5.5 

7.25 

Issued securities denominated in foreign currency in “Other” category are promissory notes issued by JSC “OTP 
Bank” (Russia) in the amount of HUF 60 million as at 31 December 2022. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

490 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 21:  LIABILITIES FROM ISSUED SECURITIES (in HUF mn) [continued] 

Hedge accounting of issued bonds 

Certain issued structured securities are hedged by the Bank with interest rate swaps (“IRS”) which exchange the 
fixed and floating interest rate with the interest rate of the securities between the parties at a notional amount that 
equals the nominal amount of the hedged securities. These are considered as fair value hedge relationships as they 
cover the interest rate risk arising from the coupons of the hedged securities. OTP Bank does not intend to be 
exposed to the risk embedded in the structured bonds, consequently as part of interest rate swap transaction the 
structured interest payments are swapped to floating interest rate. 

This hedging relationship meets all of the following hedge effectiveness requirements: 

• 
• 
• 

there is an economic relationship between the hedged item and the hedging instrument 
the effect of credit risk does not dominate the value changes that result from that economic relationship 
the hedge ratio of the hedging relationship is the same as that resulting from the quantity of the hedged item 
that the Bank actually hedges and the quantity of the hedging instrument that the Bank actually uses to 
hedge that quantity of hedged item 

The cash-flows of the fixed rate securities issued by the Bank are exposed to the changes in the HUF/EUR foreign 
exchange rate and the volatility of the quoted interest rates of EUR and HUF. The interest rate risk and foreign 
exchange risk related to these securities are hedged with EUR and HUF IRS transactions, where the fixed interests 
were swapped to payments linked to 3-month HUF BUBOR and EURIBOR, resulting in a decrease in the interest 
rate and foreign exchange exposure of issued securities. 

Term Note Program in the value of HUF 800 billion for the year of 2023/2024 

The Bank initiated term note program in the value of HUF 800 billion  with the intention of issuing registered 
dematerialized bonds in public. On 7 August 2023, the National Bank of Hungary approved the prospectus of 
Term Note Program. The prospectus is valid for 12 months following the disclosure.  
The  Issuer  can  initiate  to  introduce  the  bonds  issued  under  the  program  to  the  Hungarian  and  to  other  stock 
exchanges without any obligations. 

Term Note Program in the value of HUF 200 billion for the year of 2022/2023 

On 10 May 2022 the Bank initiated term note program in the value of HUF 200 billion with the intention of issuing 
registered dematerialized bonds in public. On 10 August the National Bank of Hungary approved the prospectus 
of Term Note Program. The prospectus is valid for 12 months following the disclosure.  
The  Issuer  can  initiate  to  introduce  the  bonds  issued  under  the  program  to  the  Hungarian  and  to  other  stock 
exchanges without any obligations. 
On 28 June 2023 the National Bank of Hungary approved the extension of the value of the originally HUF 200 
billion Term Note Program to HUF 500 billion. 

Issuance of Green Senior Preferred Notes in the aggregate nominal amount of EUR 400 million 

OTP  Bank  Plc  have  been  issued  “green”  notes  (ISIN:  XS2499691330)  on  13  July  2022  as  value  date  in  the 
aggregate nominal amount of EUR 400 million. The non-call 2 years senior preferred notes have a three-year term 
and  carry  an  annually  paid  fixed  coupon  of  5.500%  in  the  first  two  years.  With  respect  to  the  third  year,  the 
quarterly coupon is calculated as the sum of the initial margin (of 426.5 basis points) and the 3-month EURIBOR 
rate. The notes are rated ’BBB’ by S&P Ratings Europe Limited and ’BBB+’ by Scope Ratings GmbH. The notes 
are listed on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange. 

Issuance of Green Senior Preferred Notes in the aggregate nominal amount of USD 60 million 

OTP Bank Plc issued “green” notes (ISIN: XS2536446649) on 29 September 2022 as value date in the aggregate 
nominal amount of USD 60 million. The notes are rated ’BBB’ by S&P Ratings Europe Limited and ’BBB+’ by 
Scope Ratings GmbH. The notes are listed on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

491 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 21:  LIABILITIES FROM ISSUED SECURITIES (in HUF mn) [continued] 

Issuance of Senior Preferred Notes in the aggregate nominal amount of EUR 650 million 

OTP  Bank  Plc  have  been  issued  the  notes  (ISIN:  XS2560693181)  on  1  December  2022  as  value  date  in  the 
aggregate nominal amount of EUR 650 million. The 3.25 Non-Call 2.25 years Senior Preferred Notes were priced 
on 23 November 2022. The notes are rated ’BBB’ by S&P Ratings Europe Limited and ’BBB+’ by Scope Ratings 
GmbH. The notes are listed on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange. 

Issuance of Senior Preferred Notes in the aggregate nominal amount of USD 500 million 

OTP Bank Plc. have been issued notes (ISIN: XS2626773381) on 25 May 2023 as value date in the aggregate 
nominal amount of USD 500 million. The notes are rated ’Baa3’ by Moody’s Investor Services Cyprus Ltd., ’BBB-
’ by S&P Ratings Europe Limited and ’BBB+’ by Scope Ratings GmbH. The notes are listed on the Luxembourg 
Stock Exchange. 

Issuance of Senior Non-Preferred Notes in the aggregate nominal amount of EUR 110 million 

OTP Bank Plc. have been issued notes (ISIN: XS2642536671) on 27 June 2023 as value date in the aggregate 
nominal amount of EUR 110 million. The notes are listed on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange. 

Issuance of Senior Preferred Notes in the aggregate nominal amount of EUR 650 million 

OTP Bank Plc have been issued the notes (ISIN: XS2698603326) on 5 October 2023 as value date in the aggregate 
nominal amount of EUR 650 million. The notes are rated ’Baa3’ by Moody’s Investor Services Cyprus Ltd. and 
’BBB+’ by Scope Ratings GmbH. The notes are listed on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange. 

Issuance of Senior Preferred Notes in the aggregate nominal amount of RON 170 million 

OTP  Bank  Plc  have  been  issued  the  notes  (ISIN:  XS2703264635)  on  13  October  2023  as  value  date  in  the 
aggregate nominal amount of RON 170 million. The notes are rated ’BBB+’ by Scope Ratings GmbH. The notes 
are listed on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange. 

Issuance of Senior Non-Preferred Notes in the aggregate nominal amount of EUR 75 million 

OTP  Bank  Plc  have  been  issued  the  notes  (ISIN:  XS2737630314)  on  22  December  2023  as  value  date  in  the 
aggregate nominal amount of EUR 75 million. The notes are listed on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange. 

Issuance of Senior Non-Preferred and Preferred bonds by Nova KBM 

On 25 May 2021, Nova KBM  issued senior non-preferred bonds KBM12 in the nominal amount of EUR 176 
million with maturity on 25 May 2027. They are not listed on the stock exchange. 
On 27 January 2022, Nova KBM issued senior non-preferred bonds NOVAKR 0 01/27/25 in the total nominal 
amount of EUR 300 million, which were early repaid on 27 January 2024. The bonds were rated Ba1 by Moody's 
and BBB- by Fitch. The bonds were listed on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange. 
On 29 June 2023, Nova KBM issued senior preferred bonds NOVAKR 7 06/29/26 in the total nominal amount of 
EUR 400 million. The bonds are rated Baa2 by Moody's. The bonds are listed on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange.

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

492 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 22:  DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL LIABILITIES HELD-FOR-TRADING (in HUF mn) 

Negative fair value of derivative financial liabilities held for trading by type of contracts 

Foreign exchange swaps held for trading 
Commodity swaps 
Interest rate swaps held for trading  
Foreign exchange forward contracts  

held-for-trading 

CCIRS and mark-to-market CCIRS  

held for trading 

Held for trading option contracts  
Held-for-trading forward rate agreements 
Held-for-trading forward security agreement 
Other derivative transactions held for trading1 
Total 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

51,928 
31,661 
29,179 

11,061 

8,945 
2,904 
214 
1 
4,595 
140,488 

83,149 
31,632 
237,269 

13,740 

15,759 
1,891 
- 
- 
2,307 
385,747 

1 Other category includes: fx spot, equity swaps, forward rate agreement, options and index futures. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

493 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 23:  DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL LIABILITIES DESIGNATED AS HEDGE ACCOUNTING 

(in HUF mn)  

Negative fair value of derivative financial liabilities designated as hedge accounting by type of contracts 

CCIRS and mark-to-market CCIRS designated  

as fair value hedge 

Foreign exchange swap designated as fair value hedge 
Interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedge 
Other hedge of interest rate risk designated as fair value hedge 
Total 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

10,009 
- 
53,939 
(49) 
63,899 

5,398 
16,199 
6,352 
- 
27,949 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

494 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 24:  PROVISIONS AND OTHER LIABILITIES (in HUF mn) 

Other liabilities are expected to be recovered or settled no more than twelve months after the reporting period. 
Besides the total other liabilities mentioned above, which are expected to be recovered or settled more than twelve 
months after the reporting period are the following: accrued contractual liabilities, compulsory pension reserve, 
loans from government and liabilities from preferential dividend shares. 

Other financial liabilities 

Liabilities connected to Cafeteria benefits  
Liabilities from investment services 
Accrued expenses on other financial liabilities 
Liabilities from card transactions 
Accounts payable 
Liabilities due to short positions 
Giro clearing accounts 
Advances received from customers 
Liabilities from wages and other salary related payments 
Loans from government 
Dividend payable 
Other financial liabilities 
Subtotal 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

92,409 
47,647 
66,816 
119,984 
73,350 
19,107 
42,172 
15,061 
40,631 
7,473 
570 
85,507 
610,727 

91,001 
108,513 
55,898 
75,544 
56,828 
24,596 
32,133 
12,540 
34,672 
7,961 
207 
82,387 
582,280 

Other non-financial liabilities 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

Clearing, settlement and pending accounts 
Liabilities from social security contributions 
Accrued expenses on other non-financial liabilities 
Clearing account for advances on housing subsidies 
Other non-financial liabilities 
Subtotal 

Total 

31,143 
16,204 
17,577 
10,824 
59,345 
135,093 

745,820 

46,800 
11,749 
13,647 
12,868 
40,310 
125,374 

707,654 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

495 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 24:  PROVISIONS AND OTHER LIABILITIES (in HUF mn) [continued] 

The provisions are detailed as follows: 

Commitments and guarantees given 
Total provision according to IFRS 9 

Pending legal issues and tax litigation 
Pensions and other retirement 

benefit obligations 

Other long-term employee benefits 
Restructuring 
Provision due to CHF loans conversion 

 at foreign subsidiaries 

Other provision 
Total provision according to IAS 37 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

46,137 
46,137 

39,351 

9,336 
2,510 
6,206 

363 
17,216 
74,982 

63,372 
63,372 

37,043 

8,225 
1,331 
1,256 

900 
19,494 
68,249 

Total   

121,119 

131,621 

The movements of provisions according to IFRS 9 can be summarized as follows: 

Balance as at 1 January 
Provision for the period 
Release of provision for the period 
Use of provision 
Change due to acquisition 
Liabilities held for sale 
Foreign currency translation differences 
Closing balance 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

63,372 
104,871 
(124,741) 
(59) 
11,439 
(4,728) 
(4,017) 
46,137 

51,990 
102,928 
(96,783) 
(293) 
21 
- 
5,509 
63,372 

The movements of provisions according to IAS 37 can be summarized as follows: 

Balance as at 1 January 
Provision for the period 
Release of provision for the period 
Use of provision 
Change due to actuarial gains or losses  

related to employee benefits 

Change due to acquisition 
Unwinding of the discounted amount 
Liabilities held for sale 
Foreign currency translation differences 
Closing balance 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

68,249 
30,927 
(17,433) 
(7,354) 

350 
11,626 
88 
(8,430) 
(3,041) 
74,982 

67,809 
27,290 
(24,846) 
(6,878) 

(1,098) 
57 
16 
- 
5,899 
68,249 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

496 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 25:  SUBORDINATED BONDS AND LOANS (in HUF mn) 

Within one year 

In HUF 
In foreign currency 

Over one year 
In HUF 
In foreign currency 

Total 

Types of subordinated bonds and loans are as follows: 

Debt securities issued 
Loan received 
Total 

Interest rates on subordinated bonds and loans are as follows: 

Denominated in HUF 
Denominated in foreign currency 

Average interest rates on subordinated bonds 
and loans denominated in foreign currency 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

- 
19,727 
19,727 

- 
542,669 
542,669 

562,396 

- 
3,395 
3,395 

- 
298,589 
298,589 

301,984 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

19,727 
542,669 
562,396 

7,798 
294,186 
301,984 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

- 
2.90% - 8.75% 

 -  
2.90% - 5.00% 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

6.17% 

3.10% 

Subordinated bonds and loans can be detailed as follows: 

Type 

Nominal 
value 

Date of 
issuance 

Date of 
maturity 

Issue 
price 

Interest conditions 

Subordinated 
bond 
Subordinated 
bond 
Subordinated 
bond 
Subordinated 
loan 
Subordinated 
bond 
Subordinated 
bond 

EUR 231 
million 
EUR 497 
million  
USD 650 
million 
USD 17 
million 
EUR 7.46 
million 
EUR 90.4 
million 

07/11/2006 

Perpetual 

99.375% 

Three-month EURIBOR + 
3%, variable after year 10 
(payable quarterly) 

15/07/2019 

15/07/2029 

99.738% 

Fixed 2.875%, annually 

15/02/2023 

15/05/2033 

99.417% 

05/06/2018 

30/06/2025 

100.00% 

Fix 8.75%, annually 
Bullet repayment, once at the 
end of the loan agreement 

26/12/2023 

26/12/2030 

100.00% 

Fix 4.50%, semi-annually 

09/10/2019 

09/10/2029 

100.00% 

Fix 4.00%, annually 

Interest rate 
as at 31 
December 
2023 

6.97% 

2.88% 

8.75% 

5.00% 

4.50% 

4.00% 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

497 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 25:  SUBORDINATED BONDS AND LOANS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

Subordinated bonds and loans can be detailed as follows [continued]: 

Type 

Nominal 
value 

Date of 
issuance 

Date of 
maturity 

Issue 
price 

Interest conditions 

Subordinated 
loan 
Subordinated 
loan 
Subordinated 
loan 
Subordinated 
loan 

UZS 104,007 
million  
UZS 26,857 
million  
UZS 118,397 
million  
USD 11.89 
million 

30/04/2019 

10/11/2028 

100.00% 

Fix 3.00%, quarterly 

30/04/2019 

10/11/2029 

100.00% 

Fix 3.00%, quarterly 

30/04/2019 

10/11/2030 

100.00% 

Fix 3.00%, quarterly 

30/03/2023 

31/03/2030 

100.00% 

Fix 0.00%, quarterly 

Interest rate 
as at 31 
December 
2023 

3.00% 

3.00% 

3.00% 

0.00% 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

498 

 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 26:  SHARE CAPITAL (in HUF mn) 

Authorized, issued and fully paid: 

Ordinary shares 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

28,000 

28,000 

Share capital is the portion of the Bank’s equity that has been obtained by the issue of shares in the corporation to 
a shareholder, usually for cash. 

The nominal value of the shares is HUF 100 per shares. All of the shares are ordinary shares representing the same 
rights to the shareholders. Furthermore, there are no restrictions on the distribution of dividends and the repayment 
of capital. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

499 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 27:  RETAINED EARNINGS AND RESERVES (in HUF mn) 

In 2023 dividend of HUF 84,000 million was paid out from the profit of the year 2022, which meant HUF 300 
dividend  per  share  payable  to  the  shareholders.  In  2024  dividend  of  HUF  150,000  million  are  expected  to  be 
proposed  by  the  Management  from  the  profit  of  the  year  2023,  which  means  HUF  535.71  dividend  per  share 
payable to the shareholders. 

The retained earnings and reserves according to IFRS contains the retained earnings (HUF 459,037 million and 
HUF 774,151 million) and reserves (HUF 3,720,285 million and HUF 2,621,064 million) as at 31 December 2023 
and 2022, respectively. The reserves include mainly the option reserve, other reserves, the fair value adjustment 
of financial instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income, share-based payment reserve, fair value 
of  hedge  transactions,  changes  in  equity  accumulated  in  the  previous  years  at  the  subsidiaries  and  due  to 
consolidation as well as translation of foreign exchange differences. 
In the Consolidated Financial Statements, the Group recognizes the non-monetary items at historical cost. The 
difference  between  the  historical  cost  of  the  non-monetary  items  in  HUF  amount  and  the  translated  foreign 
currencies into the presentation currency using the exchange rate  at the balance sheet date, is presented in the 
shareholders’ equity as a translation difference.  The accumulated amounts of exchange differences were HUF 
37,600 million and HUF 237,853 million as at 31 December 2023 and 2022, respectively. 

Retained earnings 

Profit of previous years generated by the Group that are not distributed to shareholders as dividends. 

Other reserves 

The other reserves contain separated reserves due to statutory provisions.  

Option reserve 

OTP Bank Plc and MOL Plc entered into a share swap agreement in 16 April 2009, whereby OTP has changed 
24,000,000 OTP ordinary shares for 5,010,501 „A series” MOL shares. The amended final maturity of the share 
swap agreement is 11 July 2027, until which any party can initiate cash or physical settlement of the transaction. 
Option reserve represents the written put option over OTP ordinary shares that are deducted from equity at the 
date of OTP-MOL share swap transaction. 

Share-based payment reserve 

Share-based payment reserve represents the increase in the equity due to the goods or services were received by 
the Bank in an equity-settled share-based payment transaction, valued at the fair value of the goods or services 
received (see details in Note 40). 

Other comprehensive income 

Other comprehensive income comprises items of income and expense (including reclassification adjustments) that 
are not recognized in profit or loss as required or permitted by other IFRSs.  

Net investment hedge in foreign operations 

Reserve  presented  as  net  investment  hedge  in  foreign  operations  in  the  shareholders’  equity  is  related  to  SKB 
Bank, OTP Luxembourg S.à r.l., OTP banka d.d. and Crnogorska komercijalna banka a.d. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

500 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 27:  RETAINED EARNINGS AND RESERVES (in HUF mn) [continued] 

Changes in equity accumulated in the previous year at the subsidiaries and due to consolidation 

The accumulated changes at the subsidiaries contain the accumulated gains and losses of the subsidiaries from the 
first day when they were included in the consolidation process. The changes due to consolidation contain the effect 
on the result of the eliminations in the consolidation process of the previous years.  

Retained earnings 
Capital reserve 
Option reserve 
Other reserves 
Actuarial loss related to employee defined benefits 
Fair value of financial instruments measured  

at fair value through other comprehensive income 

Share-based payment reserve 
Net investment hedge in foreign operations 
Profit after income tax 
Changes in equity accumulated in the previous 

year at the subsidiaries and due to consolidation 

Foreign currency translation differences 
Retained earnings and other reserves 1 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

459,037 
52 
(55,468) 
197,294 
144 

(33,229) 
52,402 
(30,113) 
988,658 

2,562,945 
37,600 
4,179,322 

774,151 
52 
(55,468) 
129,902 
544 

(107,676) 
49,110 
(27,405) 
346,354 

2,047,798 
237,853 
3,395,215 

1See more details in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income and in the Consolidated statement of Changes in equity on page 8 

and 9. 

Fair value adjustment of securities at fair value 

through other comprehensive income 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

Balance as at 1 January 
Change of fair value 
Deferred tax related to change of fair value 
Transfer to profit or loss due to derecognition 
Deferred tax related to transfer to proft or loss 
Foreign currency translation difference 
Closing balance 

Expected credit loss on securities at fair value  

through other comprehensive income 

Balance as at 1 January 
Increase of loss allowance 
Release of loss allowance 
Decrease due to sale, derecognition 
Foreign currency translation difference 
Closing balance 

(164,432) 
89,047 
(12,725) 
368 
(54) 
1,399 
(86,397) 

(7,653) 
(180,981) 
22,401 
1,040 
(194) 
955 
(164,432) 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

39,625 
8,491 
(8,137) 
(2,527) 
(2,879) 
34,573 

6,710 
40,664 
(11,391) 
(43) 
3,685 
39,625 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

501 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 27:  RETAINED EARNINGS AND RESERVES (in HUF mn) [continued] 

Fair value changes of equity instruments 

at fair value through other comprehensive income 

Balance as at 1 January 
Change of fair value 
Deferred tax related to change of fair value 
Transfer to retained earnings due to derecognition 
Foreign currency translation difference 
Closing balance 

Net investment hedge in foreign operations 

Balance as at 1 January 
Change of fair value on hedging item 
Closing balance 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

17,131 
6,672 
(947) 
(3,978) 
(283) 
18,595 

12,633 
5,394 
(1,282) 
- 
386 
17,131 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

(27,405) 
(2,708) 
(30,113) 

(27,405) 
- 
(27,405) 

Actuarial loss related to defined employee benefits 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

Balance as at 1 January 
Change of actuarial loss related to  

employee benefits 

Deferred tax related to change of actuarial loss related to  

employee benefits 

Foreign currency translation difference 
Closing balance 

544 

(350) 

(8) 
(42) 
144 

(471) 

1,097 

(43) 
(39) 
544 

Foreign currency translation difference 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

Balance as at 1 January 
Change of foreign currency translation  
Closing balance 

237,853 
(200,253) 
37,600 

58,164 
179,689 
237,853 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

502 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 28:  TREASURY SHARES (in HUF mn) 

Nominal value (Ordinary shares) 
Carrying value at acquisition cost 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

1,267 
120,489 

1,132 
106,862 

The  changes  in  the  carrying  value  of  treasury  shares  are  due  to  repurchase  and  sale  transactions  on  market 
authorised by the General Assembly. 

Change in number of shares: 

Number of shares as at 1 January  
Additions 
Disposals 
Closing number of shares 

Change in carrying value: 

Balance as at 1 January  
Additions 
Disposals 
Closing balance 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

11,318,096 
3,948,338 
(2,599,664) 
12,666,770 

10,906,881 
1,801,256 
(1,390,041) 
11,318,096 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

106,862 
39,818 
(26,191) 
120,489 

106,941 
16,268 
(16,347) 
106,862 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

503 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 29:  NON-CONTROLLING INTEREST (in HUF mn) 

Balance as at 1 January 
Increase due to business combination 
Non-controlling interest included in net profit for the period 
Dividend paid to non-controlling interest 
Purchase of non-controlling interest 
Foreign currency translation difference 
Closing balance 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

5,959 
3,149 
1,801 
(2,118) 
(159) 
(672) 
7,960 

6,198 
- 
727 
- 
(886) 
(80) 
5,959 

The non-controlling interest is not significant in respect of the whole OTP Group. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

504 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

NOTE 30: 

INTEREST INCOME, INCOME SIMILAR TO INTEREST INCOME AND EXPENSE 
(in HUF mn)  

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

Interest income calculated using  

the effective interest method from / on 
loans 
securities at amortized cost 
finance lease receivables 
securities at fair value through other 

comprehensive income 

banks and balances with the National Banks 
placements with other banks 
liabilities (negative interest expense) 
repo receivables 

Subtotal 

Income similar to interest income from 
swap deals related to credit institutions 
loans mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss 
swap deals related to clients 
rental income 
non-trading instruments mandatorily at fair value 

through profit or loss 

Subtotal 

Total interest income and incomes similar  

to interest income 

Interest expense due to / from / on 

swaps related to banks, National Governments  
and to deposits from the National Banks 

deposits from customers 
swaps related to deposits from customers 
banks, National Governments and on deposits 

from the National Banks 

issued securities 
subordinated and supplementary bonds and loans 
financial assets (negative interest income) 
depreciation of assets subject to operating lease 

and investment properties 

leases 
repo liabilities 
other 

Total interest expense 

Year ended 31 
December 2023 

Year ended 31 
December 2022 

1,348,528 
242,256 
100,749 

55,320 
354,208 
195,921 
684 
17,011 
2,314,677 

390,648 
92,117 
138,567 
12,255 

- 
633,587 

909,540 
139,445 
74,994 

53,078 
62,120 
161,938 
20,483 
4,261 
1,425,859 

344,070 
54,036 
68,123 
9,264 

54 
475,547 

2,948,264 

1,901,406 

Year ended 31 
December 2023 

Year ended 31 
December 2022 

512,481 
481,807 
278,907 

76,465 
116,628 
32,565 
11,443 

5,313 
2,970 
40,398 
2,581 
1,561,558 

369,804 
254,424 
128,153 

33,682 
27,838 
8,986 
11,775 

5,141 
2,296 
31,006 
1,433 
874,538 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

505 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 31:  LOSS ALLOWANCES / IMPAIRMENT / PROVISIONS (in HUF mn)  

Loss allowance on loans 

Loss allowance for the period 
Release of loss allowance 

from this: impairment gain 
Income from loan recoveries 

Income from recoveries exceeding the gross loans 
Impairment gain 
Income from provisions on loans before OTP acquisition 
Income from recoveries of written-off, but 

legally existing loans 

Change in the fair value attributable to changes in the 

credit risk of loans mandatorily measured  
at fair value through profit of loss  

Loss allowance on finance lease 
Release of loss allowance on finance lease 

(Release of loss allowance ) / Loss allowance  

on due from banks, balances with  
National Banks, on placements and on repo receivables 
Allowance for the period 
Release of allowance 

(Release of loss allowance) / Loss allowance on securities  
at fair value through other comprehensive income  
and on securities at amortized cost 
Allowance for the period 
Release of allowance 

(Release of impairment) / Provision for impairment of 
intangible , tangible assets subject to operating lease  
and of investment properties 
Impairment for the period 
Release of impairment 

(Release of) / Provision for  

commitments and guarantees given 
Provision for the period 
Release of provision 

Loss allowances / Impairment and provisions 

Year ended 31 
December 2023 

Year ended 31 
December 2022 

714,784 
(561,813) 
10,336 
(39,948) 
(11,015) 
(20,022) 
(816) 

644,137 
(457,361) 
9,517 
(65,514) 
(6,899) 
(50,202) 
(1,581) 

(8,095) 

(6,832) 

91 
35,494 
(37,150) 
111,458 

20,286 
(22,430) 
(2,144) 

19,366 
(28,197) 
(8,831) 

62 
(1,394) 
(1,332) 

104,871 
(124,741) 
(19,870) 

79,281 

(13,346) 
48,533 
(25,020) 
131,429 

46,811 
(46,427) 
384 

77,027 
(16,266) 
60,761 

1,389 
(185) 
1,204 

97,221 
(91,304) 
5,917 

199,695 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

506 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 32:  NET PROFIT FROM FEES AND COMMISSIONS (in HUF mn) 

Income from fees and commissions 

Year ended 31 
December 2023 

Year ended 31 
December 2022 

Fees and commissions related to lending1 

45,741 

41,452 

Deposit and account maintenance  

fees and commissions 

Fees and commissions related to 

 the issued bank cards 

Currency exchange gains and losses 
Fees related to cash withdrawal 
Fees and commissions related  

to security trading 

Fees and commissions related to fund management 
Insurance fee income 
Other 
Fees and commissions from contracts with customers 

Total 

291,530 

164,161 
120,693 
68,826 

35,545 
47,445 
21,727 
65,641 
815,568 

861,309 

247,625 

132,710 
102,936 
61,272 

32,172 
29,906 
19,196 
49,597 
675,414 

716,866 

1 Fees and commissions related to lending aren’t included in the effective interest rate calculation due to their nature. 

Expense from fees and commissions 

Year ended 31 
December 2023 

Year ended 31 
December 2022 

Fees and commissions related to issued bank cards 
Interchange fees 
Fees and commissions paid on loans 
Fees and commissions related to deposits 
Cash withdrawal transaction fees 
Fees and commissions related to security trading 
Insurance fees 
Fees and commissions related to collection of loans 
Postal fees 
Money market transaction fees and commissions 
Other agent fee 
Other 
Total 

Net profit from fees and commissions 

66,747 
36,386 
9,638 
10,501 
7,824 
7,004 
1,737 
705 
4,965 
739 
1,684 
21,386 
169,316 

691,993 

53,983 
28,385 
8,865 
9,445 
5,292 
4,230 
1,576 
985 
576 
333 
1,912 
16,793 
132,375 

584,491 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

507 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 33:  GAINS AND LOSSES BY TRANSACTIONS (in HUF mn) 

Gains and losses by transactions 

Gain by transactions 
Loss by transactions 

Gain from derecognition of loans, finance lease 

Gain by transactions 
Loss by transactions 

Loss from derecognition of securities  

and other receivables at amortized cost 

Loss from derecognition of financial  

assets at amortized cost 

Year ended 31 
December 2023 

Year ended 31 
December 2022 

4,972 
(3,629) 
1,343 
1,110 
(19,635) 

(18,525) 

(17,182) 

6,809 
(3,254) 
3,555 
41 
(5,169) 

(5,128) 

(1,573) 

Derecognition of financial assets is mainly related to sale transactions both in case of securities and loans due to 
better investment options related to short-term opportunities on the market. 

Foreign  exchange  result  consists  of  revaluation  difference  from  converting  assets  and  liabilities  in  foreign 
currencies into the presentation currency of the consolidation financial statements. 

Gains and losses by transactions 

Gain by transactions 
Loss by transactions 

Fx gain / (loss) on securities at fair value through profit or loss 

Gain by transactions 
Loss by transactions 

Fx gain / (loss) on derecognition of investment  

in subsidiaries, associates 
Gain by transactions 
Loss by transactions 

Fx loss on securities at fair value  

through other comprehensive income 

Gain / (Loss) on securities, net 

Gains and losses by transactions 

Gain by transactions 
Loss by transactions 

Gain on non-trading securities mandatorily 

 at fair value through profit or loss 
Gain by transactions 
Loss by transactions 

Gain / (Loss) on loans mandatorily at fair value through profit  
or loss (adjustment resulting from change in market factors) 
Gain by transactions 
Loss by transactions 

(Loss) / Gain on financial assets and liabilities  

designated at fair value through profit or loss 

Fair value adjustment on financial instruments measured 

at fair value through profit or loss 

Year ended 31 
December 2023 

Year ended 31 
December 2022 

18,497 
(10,784) 
7,713 
1,478 
(687) 

791 
1,175 
(2,396) 

(1,221) 
7,283 

16,477 
(19,645) 
(3,168) 
- 
(323) 

(323) 
4,502 
(5,516) 

(1,014) 
(4,505) 

Year ended 31 
December 2023 

Year ended 31 
December 2022 

8,875 
(635) 

8,240 
115,152 
(21,571) 

93,581 
766 
(7,974) 

(7,208) 

94,613 

4,033 
(3,768) 

265 
50,693 
(60,234) 

(9,541) 
7,809 
(2,577) 

5,232 

(4,044) 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

508 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 33:  GAINS AND LOSSES BY TRANSACTIONS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

Gains and losses by transactions 

Gain by transactions 
Loss by transactions 

(Loss) / Gain from fx swap, swap and option deals 

Gain by transactions 
Loss by transactions 

Gain / (Loss) from option deals 

Gain by transactions 
Loss by transactions 

Gain from commodities deals 

Gain by transactions 
Loss by transactions 

Gain / (Loss) from futures deals 
Net results on derivative instruments and hedge relationships 

Year ended 31 
December 2023 

Year ended 31 
December 2022 

85,387 
(104,061) 
(18,674) 
6,569 
(6,554) 
15 
501,377 
(497,715) 
3,662 
2,633 
(396) 
2,237 
(12,760) 

138,675 
(136,366) 
2,309 
4,156 
(5,082) 
(926) 
148,699 
(132,968) 
15,731 
752 
(1,506) 
(754) 
16,360 

Gains  and  losses  attributable  to  the  hedged  risk  on  the  hedged  item  and  on  the  hedging  instruments  and 
ineffectiveness in case of fair value hedge on amortised cost line items are as follows: 

Fair value hedge 

Hedged items 
Hedging instrument 
Hedge effectiveness 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

(15,433) 
2,855 
(12,578) 

6,750 
(9,352) 
(2,602) 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

509 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 34:  OTHER OPERATING INCOME AND EXPENSES AND OTHER ADMINISTRATIVE 

EXPENSES (in HUF mn)  

Other operating income 

Year ended 31 
December 2023 

Year ended 31 
December 2022 

Income from agricultural activity 
Income from tourism activity 
Gains on transactions related to property activities 
Rental income 
Income from computer programming 
Fair value adjustment of biological assets and agricultural produce 
Income from written-of receivable  
Income from air passenger transport 
Gains on transactions related to insurance activity 
Non-repayable assets received 
Negative goodwill due to acquisition 
Other income from non-financial activities 
Total 

72,323 
3,911 
7,195 
2,780 
1,563 
(4,874) 
4,163 
1,958 
1,915 
531 
198,361 
34,441 
324,267 

62,809 
23,197 
5,232 
2,175 
1,250 
(1,939) 
3,727 
1,863 
1,369 
447 
3,784 
21,016 
124,930 

Other operating expenses  

Expense related to agricultural activity 
Provision for off-balance sheet 

commitments and contingent liabilities 
Financial support for sport association and 

organization of public utility 
Expenses related to tourism activity 
Loss allowance and loan losses on  

other financial assets 

(Release of impairment) / Impairment on investments1 
Non-repayable assets contributed 
Impairment on tangible and intangible assets 
Impairment and loan losses on other non-financial assets 

and assets measured under IAS 2 
Operating expenses of assets subject to  

operating lease and investment property 

Other 

Other expenses from non-financial activities 
Other costs 

Total 

1 See details in Note 12. 

Year ended 31 
December 2023 

Year ended 31 
December 2022 

47,780 

13,494 

14,475 
- 

8,919 
(21) 
885 
5,620 

1,312 

1,252 
16,854 
6,711 
10,143 
110,570 

45,612 

1,421 

16,370 
20,868 

13,065 
898 
1,339 
627 

2,001 

883 
22,658 
5,379 
17,279 
125,742 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

510 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 34:  OTHER OPERATING INCOME AND EXPENSES AND OTHER ADMINISTRATIVE 

EXPENSES (in HUF mn) [continued] 

Other administrative expenses 

Personnel expenses 
Wages 
Taxes related to personnel expenses 
Other personnel expenses 
Subtotal 

Depreciation, amortization of tangible, intangible assets,  

right-of-use assets 2 

Other administrative expenses 
Taxes, other than income tax 3 
Services 
Professional fees 
Fees payable to authorities and other fees 
Advertising 
Administration expenses 
Rental fees 

Subtotal 

Total 

Year ended 31 
December 2023 

Year ended 31 
December 2022 

367,910 
58,267 
52,519 
478,696 

288,286 
48,334 
41,108 
377,728 

111,996 

101,125 

165,632 
182,393 
27,935 
58,949 
26,067 
16,685 
5,984 

483,645 

1,074,337 

193,543 
142,259 
21,807 
52,631 
19,084 
16,721 
5,118 

451,163 

930,016 

2 See details in Note 13 and Note 36. 
3 Special tax of financial institutions was paid by the Group in the amount of HUF 56,572 million for the year ended 31 December 2023 and 
HUF 99,974 million for the year ended 31 December 2022, recognized as an expense thus decreased the corporate tax base. For the year ended 
31 December 2023 financial transaction duty was paid by the Bank in the amount of HUF 97,704 million while for the year ended 31 December 
2022 the same duty was HUF 88,642 million. 

Ernst & Young Audit Ltd. 

OTP – annual audit – separate financial statements 
OTP – annual audit – consolidated financial statements 
Other audit services based on statutory provisions to 

OTP Group members 

Other services providing assurance 
Other non-audit services 
Total 

Ernst & Young Network 

Audit based on statutory provisions 
Other services providing assurance 
Tax consulting services 
Other non-audit services 
Total 

Year ended 31 
December 2023 

Year ended 31 
December 2022 

In thousand EUR 

573 
923 

1,184 
1,088 
550 
4,318 

458 
738 

1,120 
1,805 
426 
4,547 

Year ended 31 
December 2023 

Year ended 31 
December 2022 

In thousand EUR 

3,648 
- 
88 
945 
4,681 

2,354 
- 
209 
1,015 
3,578 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

511 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 35: 

INCOME TAXES (in HUF mn) 

The Group is presently liable for income tax at rates between 9% and 35% of taxable income. 

Deferred tax is calculated at the income tax rate of 9% in Hungary and Montenegro, 10% in Bulgaria, 12% in 
Moldova, 15% in Serbia and Albania, 16% in Romania, 18% in Ukraine and Croatia, 19% in Slovenia, 20% in 
Russia and Uzbekistan, 25.5% in the Netherlands and 35% in Malta. 

The breakdown of the income tax expense is:  

Current tax expense 
Deferred tax income 
Total 

A reconciliation of the net deferred tax asset/liability is as follows: 

Balance as at 1 January 
Deferred tax (expense) / income in profit or loss 
Deferred tax (liability) / receivable related to items  

recognized directly in equity and in Comprehensive Income 

Due to acquisition of subsidiary 
Assets held for sale 
Foreign currency translation difference 
Closing balance 

A breakdown of the deferred tax assets are as follows: 

Loss allowance on granted loans 
Provision for off-balance sheet commitments and  

contingent liabilities, derivative financial instruments 

Securities at amortized cost 
Difference in depreciation of tangible assets 
Fair value adjustment of non-trading instruments  
mandatorily at fair value though profit or loss 

Fair value adjustment of derivative financial instruments 
Provision on other financial, non-financial liabilities 
Difference in accounting for leases 
Fair value adjustment of securities at fair value 

through other comprehensive income 

Unused tax allowance 
Loss allowance / impairment on other  

financial, non-financial assets 

Tax accrual caused by negative taxable income 
Difference in depreciation of right-of-use assets 
Loss allowance on investment 
Interbank placements and receivables 
Fair value adjustment of securities at fair value  

through profit or loss   

Difference in accounting for investment properties 
Issued securities 
Amounts unenforceable by tax law 
Other 
Deferred tax asset 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

185,055 
4,423 
189,478 

90,931 
(32,331) 
58,600 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

35,327 
(4,423) 

(10,072) 
12,034 
(394) 
(5,444) 
27,028 

(8,936) 
32,286 

14,591 
- 
- 
(2,614) 
35,327 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

46,155 

13,244 

5,145 
589 
1,377 

92 
6,904 
1,574 
12 

2,824 
- 

2,457 
24,511 
189 
74 
90 

2,630 
7 
38 
43 
1,204 
95,915 

7,668 
8 
1,304 

214 
7,227 
564 
430 

7,563 
12,103 

159 
19,744 
564 
84 
- 

4,023 
51 
- 
32 
477 
75,459 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

512 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 35: 

INCOME TAXES (in HUF mn) [continued] 

A breakdown of the deferred tax liabilities are as follows:  

Difference in depreciation of tangible assets 
Fair value adjustment of securities at fair value 

through other comprehensive income 

Fair value adjustment of securities at fair value  

through profit or loss   

Loss allowance on investment 
Fair value adjustment of non-trading instruments  
mandatorily at fair value though profit or loss 

Securities at amortized cost 
Provision for off-balance sheet commitments  

and contingent liabilities, derivative financial instruments 

Loss allowance on granted loans 
Interbank placements and receivables 
Unused tax allowance 
Loss allowance / impairment on other  

financial, non-financial assets 

Repurchase agreement and security lending 
Provision on other financial, non-financial liabilities 
Difference in accounting for investment properties 
Issued securities 
Difference in accounting for leases 
Difference in depreciation of right-of-use assets 
Other 
Deferred tax liabilities 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

(10,873) 

(10,944) 

(5,189) 

(2) 
(1,673) 

(312) 
(3,580) 

(649) 
(1,487) 
(1,196) 
(1) 

(11,011) 
(36) 
(917) 
(748) 
(298) 
(1,330) 
(5) 
(29,580) 
(68,887) 

(4,586) 

- 
(1,293) 

(25) 
(959) 

(639) 
(4,383) 
(1,269) 
- 

(91) 
(265) 
- 
(204) 
- 
- 
(272) 
(15,202) 
(40,132) 

Net deferred tax asset 
(amount presented in the  

consolidated statement of financial position) 

Deferred tax assets 
Deferred tax liabilities 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

27,028 

35,327 

55,691 
(28,663) 

75,421 
(40,094) 

Among deferred tax assets the tax accruals are included the following accruals by entities:   

Tax accrual caused by negative 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

taxable income 

OTP Bank 
OTP Real Estate Leasing Ltd.  
Nagisz Ltd. 
Nagisz Ltd. 
Nagisz Ltd. 
Nova KBM 

- 
102 
- 
- 
56 
24,353 
24,511 

19,424 
142 
55 
56 
67 
- 
19,744 

Date until  
it can be used 
31 December 2027 
31 December 2030 
31 December 2025 
31 December 2026 
31 December 2030 
no time limit 

Residual tax loss for which the Nova KBM has not made deferred tax assets amounts to HUF 409,628 million, 
so the unrecognized deferred tax assets amount to HUF 90,118 million as at 31 December 2023. Tax losses can 
be carried forward indefinitely in accordance with the Slovenian Corporate Income Tax Act. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

513 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 35: 

INCOME TAXES (in HUF mn) [continued] 

A reconciliation of the income tax income / expense is as follows: 

Profit before income tax 
Income tax expense at statutory tax rates 

Income tax adjustments due to permanent  
differences are as follows: 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

1,201,183 
174,872 

377,678 
53,933 

Deferred use of tax allowance 
Tax effect of transaction costs related to share-based payment 

- 

(12,102) 

recognized directly in shareholders' equity 

Reversal of statutory general provision 
Foreign withholding tax 
Permanent differences from unused tax losses 
Amounts unenforceable by tax law 
Use of tax allowance in the current year 
Other 
Income tax expense 

Effective tax rate 

Business tax and innovation contribution 
Total income tax expense 

Net current tax liability 

(amount presented in the consolidated statement  
of financial position) 

Current income tax receivables 
Current income tax payable 

Global minimum tax 

312 
(9) 
7,218 
(9,073) 
55 
989 
(12,304) 
162,060 

15.77% 

27,418 
189,478 

267 
(5) 
- 
(1,894) 
61 
(23) 
(3,455) 
36,782 

15.52% 

21,818 
58,600 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

(62,175) 

(23,216) 

7,773 
(69,948) 

5,650 
(28,866) 

The global minimum tax legislation has been enacted, or substantively enacted, in certain jurisdictions the Group 
operates,  mainly in the EU Member States. The Group is in scope of the global minimum tax legislation. The 
legislation will be effective for the Group’s financial year beginning 1 January 2024 and introduces a minimum 
rate of effective taxation of 15%.  
From  an  accounting  perspective,  it  is  unclear  if  the  global  minimum  tax  rules  create  additional  temporary 
differences, whether to remeasure deferred taxes for the global minimum tax rules and which tax rate to use to 
measure deferred taxes. In response to this uncertainty, IAS 12 ‘Income taxes’ has been amended to introduce a 
mandatory  temporary  exception  to  the  requirements  of  IAS  12.  Under  the  mandatory  temporary  exception,  a 
company does not recognize or disclose information about deferred tax assets and liabilities related to the global 
minimum tax rules. The Group applied the temporary exception for the year-ended 31 December 2023.  
The Group has performed an assessment of the Group’s potential exposure to top-up tax payable under the global 
minimum tax rules.  

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

514 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 35: 

INCOME TAXES (in HUF mn) [continued] 

Global minimum tax [continued] 

The assessment of the potential exposure to top-up tax is based on the most recent information available regarding 
the financial performance of the group entities in the Group. Based on the assessment, the Group has identified 
potential  exposure  to  top-up  tax  in  respect  of  profits  earned  in  Bulgaria,  Hungary,  Moldova  and  Serbia.  The 
potential exposure comes from the constituent entities in these jurisdictions where the expected global minimum 
tax effective tax rate might be below 15% based on the currently available information. The global minimum tax 
rate might be lower in these jurisdictions mainly due to the low statutory domestic tax rate. As for Hungary, the 
estimation of the global minimum tax effective tax rate is complex for the following reasons. In Hungary, the most 
relevant taxes determining the global minimum tax effective tax rate are corporate income tax, local business tax 
and  innovation  contribution.  The  taxable  income  for  local  business  tax  and  innovation  contribution  (with  a 
combined statutory tax rate of 2.3%) purposes is significantly higher than the taxable income for corporate income 
tax  purposes  due  to  the  scope  (and  hence,  the  amount)  of  deductible  expenses  under  local  business  tax  and 
innovation contribution being more limited than under corporate income tax. The proportion of taxable income for 
local business tax and innovation contribution and corporate income tax, respectively, may vary year by year to a 
significant  extent  making  the  estimation  of  the  global  minimum  tax  effective  tax  rate  complex.  The  global 
minimum tax rate in Hungary is expected to fluctuate around 15%, in some years potentially being under 15%.  
Had the global minimum tax legislation been effective for the current year ending 31 December 2023, the Group’s 
IFRS effective tax rate adjusted to include the estimated top-up taxes would have been approximately 16.93%, 
1.16  percentage  point  higher  than  the  reported  effective  tax  rate  under  IFRS  of  15.77%.  The  increase  in  the 
effective tax rate under IFRS for the Group is driven by top up taxes arising on profits earned in Bulgaria, Hungary, 
Moldova  and  Serbia  (estimated  top-up  tax  for  Bulgaria:  HUF  11,100  million,  Hungary:  HUF  2,000  million, 
Moldova: HUF 450 million and Serbia: HUF 300 million). In respect of Hungary, the one-off income from the 
changes in the fair value of the OTP Bank Plc shares held by the OTP Bank Employee Partial Ownership Plan 
Organization was excluded from the global minimum tax calculation. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

515 

 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 36:  

LEASES (in HUF mn) 

The Group as a lessee: 

Right-of-use assets by class of underlying assets as at 31 December 2023: 

31/12/2023 

Property 

Office 
equipment 
and vehicles 

Total 

Depreciation expense of right-of-use assets 
Additions to right-of-use assets 
Carrying amount of right-of-use assets  
at the end of the reporting period 

15,094 
33,091 

69,603 

1,226 
2,656 

5,095 

16,320 
35,747 

74,698 

Right-of-use assets by class of underlying assets as at 31 December 2022: 

31/12/2022 

Property 

Office 
equipment 
and vehicles 

Total 

Depreciation expense of right-of-use assets 
Additions to right-of-use assets 
Carrying amount of right-of-use assets  
at the end of the reporting period 

17,680 
19,416 

56,842 

328 
1,931 

2,095 

18,008 
21,347 

58,937 

The total cash outflow for leases was HUF 40,746 million as at 31 December 2023 and HUF 31,872 million as at 
31 December 2022. 

The Group mainly leases real estates, a significant part of its right-of-use assets are related to branch offices, a 
smaller part to office buildings and office space. 

Leasing liabilities by maturities: 

Within one year 
Over one year 
Total 

Lease liabilities by payments: 

Arising from fixed lease payments 
Arising from variable lease payments 
Total 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

12,425 
63,888 
76,313 

13,757 
50,021 
63,778 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

32,119 
44,194 
76,313 

38,636 
25,142 
63,778 

On 31 December 2023 and 2022 HUF 335 million and HUF 44 million is the lease payment respectively to be 
paid in the future due to leases not yet commenced to which the Group is committed. The future lease payment 
not taken into account would be HUF 2,868 million as at 31 December 2023 and would have been HUF 4,220 
million as at 31 December 2022 arising from extension options if they had been taken into account. 
The most typical indexes/rates on which the variable lease payments depend are: Consumer Price Index, Inflation 
Rate, BUBOR, EURIBOR. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

516 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 36:  LEASES (in HUF mn) [continued] 

The Group as a lessee [continued]: 

Amounts recognized in profit and loss 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

Interest expense on lease liabilities 
Expense relating to short-term leases 
Expense relating to leases of low value assets 
Expense relating to variable lease payments not included  

in the measurement of lease liabilities 
Income from subleasing right-of-use assets 
Gains or losses arising from sale and leaseback transactions 

The Group as a lessor: 

2,970 
3,753 
1,323 

4 
- 
- 

2,296 
3,872 
919 

- 
6 
- 

The Group’s leasing activities are most significant in Hungary, Bulgaria, Slovenia, Croatia and Ukraine. The main 
activity of the leasing companies is finance leasing. About half of the underlying assets are passenger cars, besides 
this the Group leases mainly agricultural machinery, commercial vehicles, vessels and construction machinery. 

The  Group  manages  the  risk  associated  with  the  rights  held  in  the  underlying  assets  by,  inter  alia,  buy-back 
agreements, determining the residual values on level lower than future market values and registering pledge on the 
underlying asset. 

The Group as a lessor, finance lease: 

Amounts receivable under finance leases 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

In less than 1 year 
Between 1 and 2 years 
Between 2 and 3 years 
Between 3 and 4 years 
Between 4 and 5 years 
More than 5 years 
Total receivables from undiscounted lease payments 
Unguaranteed residual values 
Gross investment in the lease 
Less: unearned finance income 
Present value of minimum lease payments receivable 
Loss allowance 
Net investment in the lease 

527,875 
379,355 
280,865 
186,890 
117,878 
65,018 
1,557,881 
68 
1,557,949 
(223,217) 
1,334,732 
(45,020) 
1,289,712 

438,205 
391,229 
265,744 
175,723 
175,420 
69,877 
1,516,198 
395 
1,516,593 
(164,710) 
1,351,883 
(53,131) 
1,298,752 

An analysis of the change in the gross values on finance receivables is as follows: 

Balance as at 1 January 
Additions due to new contracts 
Additions due to interest income and amortized fees 
Decrease due to write-off 
Decrease due to repossession of the asset 
Decrease due to sale 
Assets held for sale 
Decrease due to early repayment 
Decrease due to regular lease payment 
Foreign currency translation difference 
Closing balance 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

1,351,883 
678,107 
103,223 
(115) 
(11,259) 
(2,456) 
(66,511) 
(78,856) 
(589,498) 
(49,786) 
1,334,732 

1,212,631 
662,694 
82,181 
(484) 
(3,616) 
(1,697) 
- 
(77,500) 
(572,293) 
49,967 
1,351,883 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

517 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 36:  LEASES (in HUF mn) [continued] 

The Group as a lessor [continued]: 

The Group as a lessor, finance lease [continued]: 

An analysis of the change in the loss allowance on finance receivables is as follows: 

Balance as at 1 January 
Loss allowance for the period 
Release of loss allowance 
Use of loss allowance 
Partial write-off 
Decrease due to sale 
Assets held for sale 
Foreign currency translation difference 
Closing balance 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

53,131 
35,494 
(37,150) 
(98) 
(7) 
(545) 
(2,906) 
(2,899) 
45,020 

30,003 
49,433 
(25,020) 
(319) 
(516) 
(61) 
- 
(389) 
53,131 

Result from finance leases 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

Selling profit or loss 
Finance income on the net investment in the lease 
Income relating to variable lease payments not included  
in the measurement of the net investment in the lease 

- 
100,749 

- 

- 
78,262 

- 

The Group as a lessor, operating lease: 

Amounts receivable under operating leases 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

In less than 1 year 
Between 1 and 2 years 
Between 2 and 3 years 
Between 3 and 4 years 
Between 4 and 5 years 
More than 5 years 
Total receivables from undiscounted lease payments 

13,464 
8,540 
7,500 
6,187 
3,703 
1,786 
41,180 

6,636 
6,177 
4,782 
3,481 
2,644 
2,173 
25,893 

Result from operating leases 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

Lease income 
Therein lease income relating to variable lease  

payments that do not depend on an index or a rate 

15,035 

11,439 

- 

- 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

518 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 37:  FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn)  

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or 
equity instrument of another entity. 
Financial instruments may result in certain risks to the Group. The most significant risks the Group faces include: 

37.1.  Credit risk 

The Group takes on exposure to credit risk which is the risk that a counter-party will be unable to pay amounts in 
full when due. The Group structures the levels of credit risk it undertakes by placing limits on the amount of risk 
accepted in relation to one borrower, or banks of borrowers, and to geographical areas and loan types. Such risks 
are monitored on a periodical basis and are subject to an annual or more frequent review. The exposure to any 
borrower  including  banks  and  brokers  is  further  restricted  by  sub-limits  covering  on  and  off-balance  sheet 
exposures and daily delivery risk limits in relation to trading items such as forward foreign exchange contracts. 
Actual exposures against limits are monitored daily.  

Exposure to credit risk is managed through regular analysis of the ability of borrowers and potential borrowers to 
meet  interest  and  principal  repayment  obligations  and  by  changing  these  lending  limits  when  appropriate. 
Exposure to credit risk is managed by obtaining collateral, corporate and personal guarantees. 

Defining the expected credit loss on individual and collective basis 

On individual basis: 

Individually assessed are the non-retail or non- micro- and small enterprise exposure of significant amount on a 
stand-alone basis: 

•  exposure in stage 3, 
•  exposure in workout management, 
•  purchased or originated credit-impaired instruments which are in accordance with the conditions mentioned 

above. 

The  calculation  of  impairment  must  be  prepared  and  approved  by  the  risk  management  functional  areas.  The 
calculation, all relevant factors (amortized cost, original and current EIR, contracted and expected cash flows (from 
business and/or collateral) for the individual periods of the entire lifecycle, other essential information enforced 
during the valuation) and the criteria thereof (including the factors underlying the classification as stage 3) must 
be documented individually. 

The expected credit loss of the exposure equals the difference of the items’ AC (gross book value) on the valuation 
date and the present value of the receivable's expected cash flows discounted to the valuation date by the exposure's 
original effective interest rate (EIR) (calculated at the initial recognition, or in the case of variable rate, recalculated 
due to the last interest rate change). The estimation of the expected future cash flows should be forward looking, 
it must also contain the effects of the possible change of macroeconomic outlook. 
At least two scenarios must be used for the estimation of the expected cash flow. It should be at least one scenario 
in which the entity anticipates that realized cash flows will be significantly different from the contractual cash 
flows. Probability weights must be allocated to the individual scenarios. The estimation must reflect the probability 
of the occurrence and non-occurrence of the credit loss, even if the most probable result is the non-occurrence of 
the loss. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

519 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 37:  FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

37.1.   Credit risk [continued] 

Defining the expected credit loss on individual and collective basis [continued] 

On collective basis:  

The following exposures are subject to collective assessment: 

retail exposure irrespective of the amount, 

• 
•  micro and small enterprise exposures irrespective of the amount, 
•  all other exposure which are insignificant on a stand-alone basis and not part of the workout management, 
•  exposure which are not in stage 3, significant on a stand-alone basis, 
•  purchased or originated credit-impaired instruments which are in accordance with the conditions mentioned 

above. 

In the collective impairment methodology credit risk and the change of credit risk can be correctly captured by 
understanding  the  risk  characteristics  of  the  portfolio.  In  order  to  achieve  this,  the  main  risk  drivers  shall  be 
identified  and  used  to  form  homogeneous  segments  having  similar  risk  characteristics.  The  segmentation  is 
expected to stay stable from month to month, however a regular (at least yearly) revision of the segmentation 
process  should  be  set  up  to  capture  the  change  of  risk  characteristics.  The  segmentation  must  be  performed 
separately for each parameter, since in each case different factors may have relevance. 

The Bank's Headquarter Group Reserve Committee stipulates the guidelines related to the collective impairment 
methodology at group level. In addition, it has right of agreement in respect of the risk parameters (PD -probability 
of default, LGD - loss given default, EAD – exposure at default) and segmentation criteria proposed by the group 
members.  

The review of the parameters must be performed at least annually, and the results should be approved by the Group 
Reserve Committee. Local Risk Managements are responsible for parameter estimations / updates, macroeconomic 
scenarios are calculated by OTP Bank Headquarter for each subsidiary and each parameter. Based on the consensus 
proposal of Local Risk Management and OTP Bank Headquarter, the Group Reserve Committee decides on the 
modification of parameters (all parameters for impairment calculation). 

At least on a yearly basis the impairment parameters should be back tested as well.  

The expected loss calculation should be forward looking, including forecasts of future economic conditions. This 
may be achieved by applying 3-5 different macroeconomic scenarios, which may be integrated in the PD, LGD 
and EAD parameters. 

In 2022 in Slovenia and Romania the  PD parameter estimation was extended to estimate  parameters based on 
rating categories only. The more granular estimation resulted HUF 4,211 million less impairment in Slovenia, 
while in Romania the HUF 7,310 million impairment release outcome of the review was netted with a post model 
adjustment resulting neutral overall effect. 

During  2023  there  were  ECL  SICR  methodological  changes  in  Hungary.  The  previously  used  methodology  – 
which  was  based  on  rating  category  changes  –  was  replaced  by  the  advanced,  lifetime-based  methodology  to 
identify the significant increase in credit risk. The changes resulted HUF 2.8 billion more impairment in 2023. The 
impact of the SICR methodology changes and parameter updates are presented under Note 11 as part of effect of 
change in parameters used for loss allowance calculation line item. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

520 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 37:  FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

37.1.   Credit risk [continued] 

37.1.1.   Gross values and loss allowance / provision of financial instruments by stages 

Gross carrying amount and accumulated loss allowance of financial assets at amortized cost and of interest-bearing securities at fair value through other comprehensive 
income and financial commitments and provision on them by stages as at 31 December 2023:   

31/12/2023 

Placements with other banks 
Repo receivables 
Mortgage loans 
Loans to medium  

and large corporates 

Consumer loans 
Loans to micro  

and small enterprises 

Car-finance loans 
Municipal loans 
Loans at amortized cost 
Finance lease receivable 
Interest-bearing securities at 
fair value through other 
comprehensive income1 
Securities at amortized cost 
Financial assets total 
Loan commitments given 
Financial guarantees given 
Other commitments given 
Financial liabilities total 

Gross carrying amount / Notional value 

Accumulated loss allowance / Provision 

Stage 1 

Stage 2 

Stage 3 

POCI 

Total 

Stage 1 

Stage 2 

Stage 3 

POCI 

Total 

Carrying 
amount / 
Exposure 

1,566,998 
223,884 
4,083,763 

1,569,167 
224,477 
3,620,661 

63 
- 
432,031 

7,186,610 
4,533,639 

6,052,951 
4,073,601 

1,157,654 
524,459 

753,268 
641,777 
477,476 

483,993 
573,379 
459,343 
17,676,533  15,263,928 
1,095,039 

1,289,712 

1,540,980 
5,249,272 

1,423,021 
5,228,599 
27,547,379  24,804,231 
4,495,101 
1,381,657 
829,611 
6,706,369 

4,755,009 
1,474,285 
864,718 
7,094,012 

245,532 
71,559 
24,409 
2,455,644 
176,856 

87,085 
12,224 
2,731,872 
277,346 
92,012 
34,112 
403,470 

15 
- 
93,436 

206,352 
299,390 

93,106 
14,946 
691 
707,921 
62,799 

30,874 
41,097 
842,706 
11,673 
10,222 
5,909 
27,804 

- 
- 
54,751 

39,638 
11,637 

1,569,245 
224,477 
4,200,879 

7,456,595 
4,909,087 

36,449 
596 
- 
143,071 
38 

859,080 
660,480 
484,443 
18,570,564 
1,334,732 

- 
- 
143,109 
823 
64 
1,619 
2,506 

1,540,980 
5,281,920 
28,521,918 
4,784,943 
1,483,955 
871,251 
7,140,149 

2,182 
593 
18,097 

50,361 
52,181 

8,035 
5,050 
4,068 
137,792 
5,331 

11,395 
17,141 
174,434 
19,890 
6,392 
1,860 
28,142 

55 
- 
27,882 

82,517 
89,813 

30,768 
4,891 
2,273 
238,144 
8,342 

258 
755 
247,554 
7,772 
2,012 
1,388 
11,172 

10 
- 
46,945 

127,352 
227,238 

55,620 
8,287 
626 
466,068 
31,309 

22,920 
14,752 
535,059 
2,007 
1,206 
2,354 
5,567 

- 
- 
24,192 

9,755 
6,216 

11,389 
475 
- 
52,027 
38 

- 
- 
52,065 
265 
60 
931 
1,256 

2,247 
593 
117,116 

269,985 
375,448 

105,812 
18,703 
6,967 
894,031 
45,020 

34,573 
32,648 
1,009,112 
29,934 
9,670 
6,533 
46,137 

1 Interest bearing securities at fair value through other comprehensive income are recognized in the Consolidated statement of financial position as at fair value (see in Note 9). Loss allowances for securities at fair value 
through other comprehensive income that are in Stage 1 and / or in Stage 2 is recognized in the Other comprehensive income. It is included in the accumulated loss allowance of this table showed above. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

521 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 37:  FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

37.1.   Credit risk [continued] 

37.1.1.   Gross values and loss allowance / provision of financial instruments by stages [continued] 

Gross carrying amount and accumulated loss allowance of financial assets at amortized cost and of interest-bearing securities at fair value through other comprehensive 
income and financial commitments and provision on them by stages as at 31 December 2022:   

31/12/2022 

Placements with other banks 
Repo receivables 
Mortgage loans 
Loans to medium  

and large corporates 

Consumer loans 
Loans to micro  

and small enterprises 

Car-finance loans 
Municipal loans 
Loans at amortized cost 
Finance lease receivable 
Interest-bearing securities at 
fair value through other 
comprehensive income1 
Securities at amortized cost 
Financial assets total 
Loan commitments given 
Financial guarantees given 
Other commitments given 
Financial liabilities total 

Gross carrying amount / Notional value 

Accumulated loss allowance / Provision 

Stage 1 

Stage 2 

Stage 3 

POCI 

Total 

Stage 1 

Stage 2 

Stage 3 

POCI 

Total 

Carrying 
amount / 
Exposure 

1,351,082 
41,009 
4,433,192 

1,354,832 
41,250 
3,975,636 

63 
- 
373,433 

6,824,520 
3,199,520 

5,912,383 
2,879,094 

996,292 
363,047 

594,427 
512,580 
530,219 

460,940 
433,316 
515,299 
16,094,458  14,176,668 
1,045,688 

1,298,752 

1,699,446 
4,891,938 

1,642,481 
4,867,061 
25,376,685  23,127,980 
3,954,773 
1,378,871 
509,314 
5,842,958 

4,191,766 
1,447,014 
559,224 
6,198,004 

114,173 
82,146 
20,229 
1,949,320 
235,817 

28,285 
15,141 
2,228,626 
258,655 
80,187 
20,394 
359,236 

24 
- 
161,684 

202,188 
388,258 

64,383 
20,705 
746 
837,964 
70,050 

28,680 
52,785 
989,503 
16,660 
7,515 
34,805 
58,980 

- 
- 
53,844 

25,350 
13,495 

3,079 
1,098 
- 
96,866 
328 

- 
- 
97,194 
201 
1 
- 
202 

1,354,919 
41,250 
4,564,597 

7,136,213 
3,643,894 

642,575 
537,265 
536,274 
17,060,818 
1,351,883 

1,699,446 
4,934,987 
26,443,303 
4,230,289 
1,466,574 
564,513 
6,261,376 

3,801 
241 
12,638 

64,479 
61,424 

4,710 
5,751 
3,187 
152,189 
4,797 

13,754 
23,675 
198,457 
24,124 
14,678 
2,755 
41,557 

12 
- 
23,738 

24 
- 
78,932 

100,793 
81,256 

138,877 
294,251 

9,136 
6,830 
2,212 
223,965 
15,241 

1,040 
611 
240,869 
11,285 
2,932 
904 
15,121 

32,558 
11,199 
656 
556,473 
32,875 

24,831 
18,763 
632,966 
3,085 
1,950 
1,630 
6,665 

- 
- 
16,097 

7,544 
7,443 

1,744 
905 
- 
33,733 
218 

- 
- 
33,951 
29 
- 
- 
29 

3,837 
241 
131,405 

311,693 
444,374 

48,148 
24,685 
6,055 
966,360 
53,131 

39,625 
43,049 
1,106,243 
38,523 
19,560 
5,289 
63,372 

1 Interest bearing securities at fair value through other comprehensive income are recognized in the Consolidated statement of financial position as at fair value (see in Note 9). Loss allowances for securities at fair value 
through other comprehensive income that are in Stage 1 and / or in Stage 2 is recognized in the Other comprehensive income. It is included in the accumulated loss allowance of this table showed above. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

522 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 37:  FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

37.1.   Credit risk [continued] 

37.1.2.   Financial instruments under simplified approach by day-past-due categories 

31/12/2023 

Without delay 

< 30 days 

31 - 60 days 

61 - 90 days 

> 91 days 

Closing balance 

Expected credit loss rate 

Gross value 
Loss allowance 
Net carrying amount 

2.69% 

114,764 
3,082 
117,846 

2.69% 

26,136 
703 
26,839 

3.80% 

2,340 
89 
2,429 

6.03% 

44.49% 

1,029 
62 
1,091 

67,177 
29,890 
97,067 

211,446 
33,826 
245,272 

31/12/2022 

Without delay 

< 30 days 

31 - 60 days 

61 - 90 days 

> 91 days 

Closing balance 

Expected credit loss rate 

Gross value 
Loss allowance 
Net carrying amount 

1.83% 

110,040 
2,011 
112,051 

2.16% 

26,052 
562 
26,614 

2.43% 

2,713 
66 
2,779 

3.05% 

47.32% 

1,674 
51 
1,725 

55,258 
26,149 
81,407 

195,737 
28,839 
224,576 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

523 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 37:  FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

37.1.   Credit risk [continued] 

37.1.3.   Movement table of gross values on financial instruments 

Movement of gross values of financial assets at amortized cost and on interest bearing securities at fair value through other comprehensive income and of provision of 
financial commitments as at 31 December 2023:  

31/12/2023 

Stage 1 
Placements with other banks 
Repo receivables 
Loans at amortized cost 
Finance lease receivables 
Interest-bearing securities at fair value 

through other comprehensive income 

Securities at amortized cost 
Stage 2 
Placements with other banks 
Repo receivables 
Loans at amortized cost 
Finance lease receivables 
Interest-bearing securities at fair value 

through other comprehensive income 

Securities at amortized cost 
Stage 3 
Placements with other banks 
Repo receivables 
Loans at amortized cost 
Finance lease receivables 
Interest-bearing securities at fair value 

through other comprehensive income 

Securities at amortized cost 
Financial assets subtotal 

Opening 
balance 

23,127,980 
1,354,832 
41,250 
14,176,668 
1,045,688 

1,642,481 
4,867,061 
2,228,626 
63 
- 
1,949,320 
235,817 

28,285 
15,141 
989,503 
24 
- 
837,964 
70,050 

Increases due 
to origination 
and 
acquisition 

Increase on 
opening 
balance 

Decreases due to 
payments and 
derecognition 

23,356,461 
7,416,490 
4,458,449 
8,774,565 
527,738 

798,838 
1,380,381 
714,891 
- 
- 
554,572 
72,482 

83,167 
4,670 
190,604 
- 
- 
171,781 
15,286 

3,416,632 
381,963 
53,911 
2,081,887 
214,240 

55,751 
628,880 
212,807 
- 
- 
176,241 
36,313 

- 
253 
27,942 
75 
- 
24,518 
3,349 

(22,203,492) 
(7,453,395) 
(4,337,597) 
(7,499,976) 
(597,894) 

(1,006,842) 
(1,307,788) 
(638,272) 
- 
- 
(459,903) 
(148,456) 

(21,461) 
(8,452) 
(252,740) 
(84) 
- 
(214,793) 
(25,520) 

28,680 
52,785 
26,346,109 

3,480 
57 
24,261,956 

- 
- 
3,657,381 

(1,231) 
(11,112) 
(23,094,504) 

Transfers 
between 
stages 
(net) 
(508,278) 
- 
- 
(496,301) 
(10,997) 

Changes due to 
modifications 
without 
derecognition (net) 
(306,140) 
- 
- 
(306,192) 
- 

Decrease 
due to 
write-offs 

Assets held 
for sale 

Foreign 
exchange and 
other adjustment 

Closing 
balance 

(245) 
- 
- 
(245) 
- 

(1,320,012) 
(4,529) 
- 
(938,176) 
(52,206) 

(758,675) 
(126,194) 
8,464 
(528,302) 
(31,530) 

24,804,231 
1,569,167 
224,477 
15,263,928 
1,095,039 

- 
(980) 
441,295 
- 
- 
436,755 
3,560 

- 
980 
66,975 
- 
- 
59,541 
7,434 

- 
- 
(8) 

52 
- 
34,021 
- 
- 
34,021 
- 

- 
- 
16,888 
- 
- 
16,888 
- 

- 
- 
(255,231) 

- 
- 
(2,212) 
- 
- 
(2,212) 
- 

- 
- 
(73,726) 
- 
- 
(73,594) 
(132) 

- 
- 
(76,183) 

(39,100) 
(286,001) 
(172,079) 
- 
- 
(161,009) 
(11,070) 

- 
- 
(63,427) 
- 
- 
(60,193) 
(3,234) 

(28,159) 
(52,954) 
(87,205) 
- 
- 
(72,141) 
(11,790) 

(2,906) 
(368) 
(59,313) 
- 
- 
(54,191) 
(4,434) 

1,423,021 
5,228,599 
2,731,872 
63 
- 
2,455,644 
176,856 

87,085 
12,224 
842,706 
15 
- 
707,921 
62,799 

- 
- 
(1,555,518) 

(55) 
(633) 
(905,193) 

30,874 
41,097 
28,378,809 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

524 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 37:  FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

37.1.   Credit risk [continued] 

37.1.3.   Movement table of gross values on financial instruments [continued] 

Movement of gross values of financial assets at amortized cost and on interest-bearing securities at fair value through other comprehensive income and of provision of 
financial commitments as at 31 December 2023 [continued]:  

31/12/2023 

Opening 
balance 

Increases due 
to origination 
and 
acquisition 

Increase on 
opening 
balance 

Decreases due to 
payments and 
derecognition 

Transfers 
between 
stages 
(net) 

Changes due to 
modifications 
without 
derecognition (net) 

Decrease 
due to 
write-offs 

Assets held 
for sale 

Foreign 
exchange and 
other adjustment 

Closing 
balance 

POCI 
Placements with other banks 
Repo receivables 
Loans at amortized cost 
Finance lease receivables 
Interest-bearing securities at fair value 

through other comprehensive income 

Securities at amortized cost 
Financial assets total 

Loan commitments and financial guarantees  

97,194 
- 
- 
96,866 
328 

19,386 
- 
- 
19,386 
- 

41,718 
- 
- 
41,366 
352 

(2,872) 
- 
- 
(2,302) 
(570) 

- 
- 
26,443,303 

- 
- 
24,281,342 

- 
- 
3,699,099 

- 
- 
(23,097,376) 

8 
- 
- 
5 
3 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

(6,616) 
- 
- 
(6,553) 
(63) 

(4,185) 
- 
- 
(4,185) 

(1,524) 
- 
- 
(1,512) 
(12) 

143,109 
- 
- 
143,071 
38 

- 
- 
(255,231) 

- 
- 
(82,799) 

- 
- 
(1,559,703) 

- 
- 
(906,717) 

- 
- 
28,521,918 

given - stage 1 

5,842,958 

3,472,892 

53,896,979 

(56,158,534) 

(152,848) 

Loan commitments and financial guarantees  

given - stage 2 

359,236 

178,252 

127,132 

(382,733) 

138,545 

Loan commitments and financial guarantees  

given - stage 3 

58,980 

4,908 

910 

(48,833) 

14,304 

Loan commitments and financial guarantees  

given - poci 

Financial liabilities total 

202 
6,261,376 

2,719 
3,658,771 

566 
54,025,587 

(972) 
(56,591,072) 

(1) 
- 

3,465 

1,149 

14 

- 
4,628 

- 

- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
- 

(198,543) 

6,706,369 

(18,111) 

403,470 

(2,479) 

27,804 

(8) 
(219,141) 

2,506 
7,140,149 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

525 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 37:  FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

37.1.   Credit risk [continued] 

37.1.3.   Movement table of gross values on financial instruments [continued] 

Movement of gross values of financial assets at amortized cost and on interest-bearing securities at fair value through other comprehensive income and of provision of 
financial commitments as at 31 December 2022:  

Increases due 
to origination 
and 
acquisition 

Increase on 
opening 
balance 

Decreases due to 
payments and 
derecognition 

Transfers 
between 
stages (net) 

Changes due to 
modifications 
without 
derecognition (net) 

Decrease 
due to 
write-offs 

Foreign 
exchange and 
other 
adjustment 

Closing balance 

31/12/2022 

Stage 1 
Placements with other banks 
Repo receivables 
Loans at amortized cost 
Finance lease receivables 
Interest-bearing securities at fair value through 

other comprehensive income 

Securities at amortized cost 
Stage 2 
Placements with other banks 
Repo receivables 
Loans at amortized cost 
Finance lease receivables 
Interest-bearing securities at fair value through 

other comprehensive income 

Securities at amortized cost 
Stage 3 
Placements with other banks 
Repo receivables 
Loans at amortized cost 
Finance lease receivables 
Interest-bearing securities at fair value through 

other comprehensive income 

Securities at amortized cost 
Financial assets subtotal 

Opening 
balance 

20,342,780 
1,587,827 
61,342 
11,666,666 
959,361 

2,187,835 
3,879,749 
2,053,839 
- 
- 
1,820,486 
210,955 

1,699 
20,699 
800,245 
28 
- 
758,273 
41,944 

14,852,553 
5,090,200 
739,740 
6,965,634 
647,071 

330,078 
1,079,830 
839,840 
- 
- 
706,756 
130,936 

557 
1,591 
99,966 
11 
- 
86,193 
9,549 

2,438,184 
77,646 
10,235 
1,639,278 
279,937 

(108,639) 
539,727 
220,448 
- 
- 
135,633 
84,815 

- 
- 
104,996 
- 
- 
73,473 
31,085 

(14,606,560) 
(5,427,424) 
(772,484) 
(6,165,767) 
(821,075) 

(795,353) 
(624,457) 
(1,133,030) 
- 
- 
(895,423) 
(229,505) 

(1) 
(8,101) 
(195,411) 
(14) 
- 
(173,540) 
(21,614) 

(459,086) 
(56) 
- 
(315,064) 
(40,685) 

(54,819) 
(48,462) 
191,126 
63 
- 
133,003 
31,836 

25,896 
328 
267,514 
(7) 
- 
181,635 
8,829 

28,923 
48,134 
(446) 

(316,164) 
- 
- 
(316,164) 
- 

- 
- 
(31,007) 
- 
- 
(31,007) 
- 

- 
- 
11,053 
- 
- 
11,053 
- 

- 
- 
(336,118) 

(1,565) 
- 
- 
(1,565) 
- 

- 
- 
(2,921) 
- 
- 
(2,921) 
- 

- 
- 
(126,429) 
(4) 
- 
(125,059) 
(1,366) 

- 
- 
(130,915) 

877,838 
26,639 
2,417 
703,650 
21,079 

83,379 
40,674 
90,331 
- 
- 
82,793 
6,780 

134 
624 
27,569 
10 
- 
25,936 
1,623 

- 
- 
995,738 

- 
- 
23,196,864 

- 
4,213 
15,792,359 

- 
438 
2,763,628 

(243) 
- 
(15,935,001) 

23,127,980 
1,354,832 
41,250 
14,176,668 
1,045,688 

1,642,481 
4,867,061 
2,228,626 
63 
- 
1,949,320 
235,817 

28,285 
15,141 
989,503 
24 
- 
837,964 
70,050 

28,680 
52,785 
26,346,109 

526 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 37:  FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

37.1.   Credit risk [continued] 

37.1.3.   Movement table of gross values on financial instruments [continued] 

Movement of gross values of financial assets at amortized cost and on interest-bearing securities at fair value through other comprehensive income and of provision of 
financial commitments as at 31 December 2022 [continued]:  

31/12/2022 

Opening 
balance 

Increases due 
to origination 
and 
acquisition 

Increase on 
opening 
balance 

Decreases due to 
payments and 
derecognition 

Transfers 
between 
stages (net) 

Changes due to 
modifications 
without 
derecognition (net) 

Decrease 
due to 
write-offs 

Foreign 
exchange and 
other 
adjustment 

Closing balance 

POCI 
Placements with other banks 
Repo receivables 
Loans at amortized cost 
Finance lease receivables 
Interest-bearing securities at fair value through 

100,123 
- 
- 
99,752 
371 

5,230 
- 
- 
5,184 
46 

2,697 
- 
- 
2,325 
372 

(7,353) 
- 
- 
(6,865) 
(488) 

other comprehensive income 

Securities at amortized cost 
Financial assets total 

- 
- 
23,296,987 

- 
- 
15,797,589 

- 
- 
2,766,325 

- 
- 
(15,942,354) 

446 
- 
- 
426 
20 

- 
- 
- 

22 
- 
- 
22 
- 

(6,646) 
- 
- 
(6,608) 
(38) 

- 
- 
(336,096) 

- 
- 
(137,561) 

2,675 
- 
- 
2,630 
45 

- 
- 
998,413 

97,194 
- 
- 
96,866 
328 

- 
- 
26,443,303 

Loan commitments and financial guarantees  

given - stage 1 

5,680,638 

2,790,609 

14,020,246 

(16,759,280) 

(164,405) 

Loan commitments and financial guarantees  

given - stage 2 

207,874 

178,600 

106,136 

(288,999) 

138,354 

Loan commitments and financial guarantees  

given - stage 3 

Loan commitments and financial guarantees  

given - poci 

Financial liabilities total 

27,528 

20,161 

7,797 

(23,934) 

26,044 

218 
5,916,258 

3 
2,989,373 

9 
14,134,188 

(67) 
(17,072,280) 

7 
- 

49,279 

5,335 

(178) 

- 
54,436 

- 

225,871 

5,842,958 

(11) 

(1) 

- 
(12) 

11,947 

1,563 

32 
239,413 

359,236 

58,980 

202 
6,261,376 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

527 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 37:  FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

37.1.   Credit risk [continued] 

37.1.4.  Movement table of loss allowance / provision on financial instruments 

Movement of loss allowance on financial assets at amortized cost and on interest-bearing securities at fair value through other comprehensive income and of provision of 
financial commitments as at 31 December 2023:  

31/12/2023 

Opening 
balance 

Increases due 
to origination 
and acquisition 

Decreases 
due to 
derecognition 

Transfers 
between 
stages (net) 

Changes due to 
change in credit 
risk (net) 

Stage 1 
Placements with other banks 
Repo receivables 
Loans at amortized cost 
Finance lease receivables 
Interest-bearing securities at fair value 

through other comprehensive income 

Securities at amortized cost 
Stage 2 
Placements with other banks 
Repo receivables 
Loans at amortized cost 
Finance lease receivables 
Interest-bearing securities at fair value 

through other comprehensive income 

Securities at amortized cost 
Stage 3 
Placements with other banks 
Repo receivables 
Loans at amortized cost 
Finance lease receivables 
Interest-bearing securities at fair value 

through other comprehensive income 

Securities at amortized cost 
Loss allowance on financial assets 
subtotal 

198,457 
3,801 
241 
152,189 
4,797 

13,754 
23,675 
240,869 
12 
- 
223,965 
15,241 

1,040 
611 
632,966 
24 
- 
556,473 
32,875 

182,142 
21,893 
28,013 
120,934 
2,665 

5,346 
3,291 
63,850 
- 
- 
56,062 
2,774 

4,603 
411 
62,579 
1 
- 
52,104 
10,474 

(50,688) 
(10,716) 
(12,536) 
(24,021) 
(760) 

(2,384) 
(271) 
(26,201) 
- 
- 
(20,246) 
(404) 

(5,266) 
(285) 
(65,642) 
- 
- 
(61,111) 
(1,507) 

24,831 
18,763 
1,072,292 

- 
- 
308,571 

(413) 
(2,611) 
(142,531) 

(120,176) 
- 
- 
(118,838) 
(1,255) 

- 
(83) 
59,380 
- 
- 
59,297 
- 

- 
83 
60,796 
- 
- 
59,541 
1,255 

- 
- 
- 

(7,185) 
(13,863) 
(15,120) 
34,649 
838 

(5,302) 
(8,387) 
(65,542) 
147 
- 
(57,563) 
(8,052) 

(19) 
(55) 
5,297 
50 
- 
13,856 
(8,268) 

(1) 
(340) 
(67,430) 

Changes due to 
modifications 
without 
derecognition (net) 
(3,832) 
- 
- 
(3,832) 
- 

- 
- 
6,335 
- 
- 
6,335 
- 

- 
- 
2,207 
- 
- 
2,207 
- 

- 
- 
4,710 

Decrease in 
loss allowance 
account due to 
write-offs 

Assets held 
for sale 

(137) 
- 
- 
(137) 
- 

- 
- 
(1,131) 
- 
- 
(1,131) 
- 

- 
- 
(67,994) 
- 
- 
(67,862) 
(132) 

- 
- 
(69,262) 

(11,421) 
(12) 
- 
(10,089) 
(683) 

- 
(637) 
(16,538) 
- 
- 
(15,806) 
(732) 

- 
- 
(35,475) 
- 
- 
(33,984) 
(1,491) 

- 
- 
(63,434) 

Foreign 
exchange 
and other 
adjustment 
(12,726) 
1,079 
(5) 
(13,063) 
(271) 

(19) 
(447) 
(13,468) 
(104) 
- 
(12,769) 
(485) 

(100) 
(10) 
(59,675) 
(65) 
- 
(55,156) 
(1,897) 

(1,497) 
(1,060) 
(85,869) 

Closing 
balance 

174,434 
2,182 
593 
137,792 
5,331 

11,395 
17,141 
247,554 
55 
- 
238,144 
8,342 

258 
755 
535,059 
10 
- 
466,068 
31,309 

22,920 
14,752 
957,047 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

528 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 37:  FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

37.1.   Credit risk [continued] 

37.1.4.   Movement table of loss allowance / provision on financial instruments [continued] 

Movement of loss allowance on financial assets at amortized cost and on interest-bearing securities at fair value through other comprehensive income and of provision of 
financial commitments as at 31 December 2023 [continued]:  

31/12/2023 

Opening 
balance 

Increases due 
to origination 
and acquisition 

Decreases 
due to 
derecognition 

Transfers 
between 
stages (net) 

Changes due to 
change in credit 
risk (net) 

Changes due to 
modifications 
without 
derecognition (net) 

Decrease in 
loss allowance 
account due to 
write-offs 

Assets held 
for sale 

Foreign 
exchange 
and other 
adjustment 

Closing 
balance 

POCI 
Placements with other banks 
Repo receivables 
Loans at amortized cost 
Finance lease receivables 
Interest-bearing securities at fair value 

through other comprehensive income 

Securities at amortized cost 
Loss allowance on financial assets total 

Loan commitments and financial guarantees  

given - stage 1 

Loan commitments and financial guarantees  

given - stage 2 

Loan commitments and financial guarantees  

given - stage 3 

Loan commitments and financial guarantees  

given - poci 

Provision on financial liabilities total 

33,951 
- 
- 
33,733 
218 

- 
- 
1,106,243 

41,557 

15,121 

6,665 

29 
63,372 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

(2,603) 
- 
- 
(2,302) 
(301) 

- 
- 
308,571 

- 
- 
(145,134) 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

17,029 
- 
- 
16,825 
204 

- 
- 
(50,401) 

16,878 

(8,107) 

(12,482) 

(4,418) 

2,686 

852 

832 
21,248 

(4,336) 

(1,499) 

(34) 
(13,976) 

9,186 

3,296 

- 
- 

(11,278) 

(3,388) 

430 
(18,654) 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
4,710 

4 

307 

9 

- 
320 

(3,702) 
- 
- 
(3,639) 
(63) 

- 
- 
(72,964) 

(1,476) 
- 
- 
(1,476) 
- 

- 
- 
(64,910) 

8,866 
- 
- 
8,886 
(20) 

52,065 
- 
- 
52,027 
38 

- 
- 
(77,003) 

- 
- 
1,009,112 

- 

- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
- 

(5,290) 

28,142 

(514) 

(368) 

(1) 
(6,173) 

11,172 

5,567 

1,256 
46,137 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

529 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 37:  FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

37.1.   Credit risk [continued] 

37.1.4.   Movement table of loss allowance / provision on financial instruments [continued] 

Movement of loss allowance on financial assets at amortized cost and on interest-bearing securities at fair value through other comprehensive income and of provision of 
financial commitments as at 31 December 2022:  

31/12/2022 

Opening 
balance 

Increases due 
to origination 
and acquisition 

Decreases 
due to 
derecognition 

Transfers 
between 
stages (net) 

Changes due to 
change in credit 
risk (net) 

Stage 1 
Placements with other banks 
Repo receivables 
Loans at amortized cost 
Finance lease receivables 
Interest-bearing securities at fair value through 
other comprehensive income and securities 
at amortized cost 

Stage 2 
Placements with other banks 
Repo receivables 
Loans at amortized cost 
Finance lease receivables 
Interest-bearing securities at fair value through 
other comprehensive income and securities 
at amortized cost 

Stage 3 
Placements with other banks 
Repo receivables 
Loans at amortized cost 
Finance lease receivables 
Interest-bearing securities at fair value through 
other comprehensive income and securities 
at amortized cost 

Loss allowance on financial assets subtotal 

142,432 
2,966 
290 
120,389 
4,432 

14,355 
208,240 
- 
- 
195,632 
11,140 

1,468 
506,842 
28 
- 
492,571 
14,243 

- 
857,514 

138,017 
34,558 
4,457 
93,238 
2,647 

3,117 
52,749 
- 
- 
42,790 
6,646 

3,313 
72,119 
11 
- 
34,977 
12,732 

(43,066) 
(11,574) 
(389) 
(28,281) 
(1,105) 

(1,717) 
(24,038) 
- 
- 
(22,408) 
(1,630) 

- 
(52,134) 
(14) 
- 
(49,466) 
(2,654) 

(120,475) 
(1,345) 
- 
(101,521) 
1,668 

(19,277) 
9,927 
1,345 
- 
12,796 
(4,296) 

82 
110,548 
- 
- 
88,725 
2,628 

24,399 
262,885 

- 
(119,238) 

19,195 
- 

71,441 
(20,902) 
(1,044) 
56,228 
(3,384) 

40,543 
(26,352) 
(1,518) 
- 
(23,558) 
2,102 

(3,378) 
69,855 
(121) 
- 
67,932 
3,374 

(1,330) 
114,944 

Changes due to 
modifications 
without 
derecognition (net) 
(4,547) 
- 
- 
(4,576) 
29 

- 
6,158 
- 
- 
6,174 
(16) 

- 
743 
- 
- 
743 
- 

Decrease in 
loss allowance 
account due to 
write-offs 

(88) 
- 
- 
(88) 
- 

(959) 
- 
- 
(959) 
- 

- 
(124,057) 
(4) 
- 
(122,687) 
(1,366) 

Foreign 
exchange 
and other 
adjustment 
14,743 
98 
(3,073) 
16,800 
510 

408 
15,144 
185 
- 
13,498 
1,295 

166 
49,050 
124 
- 
43,678 
3,918 

Closing 
balance 

198,457 
3,801 
241 
152,189 
4,797 

37,429 
240,869 
12 
- 
223,965 
15,241 

1,651 
632,966 
24 
- 
556,473 
32,875 

- 
2,354 

- 
(125,104) 

1,330 
78,937 

43,594 
1,072,292 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

530 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 37:  FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

37.1.   Credit risk [continued] 

37.1.4.   Movement table of loss allowance / provision on financial instruments [continued] 

Movement of loss allowance on financial assets at amortized cost and on interest-bearing securities at fair value through other comprehensive income and of provision of 
financial commitments as at 31 December 2022 [continued]:  

31/12/2022 

Opening 
balance 

Increases due 
to origination 
and acquisition 

Decreases 
due to 
derecognition 

Transfers 
between 
stages (net) 

Changes due to 
change in credit 
risk (net) 

Changes due to 
modifications 
without 
derecognition (net) 

Decrease in 
loss allowance 
account due to 
write-offs 

Foreign 
exchange 
and other 
adjustment 

Closing 
balance 

POCI 
Placements with other banks 
Repo receivables 
Loans at amortized cost 
Finance lease receivables 
Interest-bearing securities at fair value through 
other comprehensive income and securities 
at amortized cost 

Loss allowance on financial assets total 

Loan commitments and financial guarantees  

given - stage 1 

Loan commitments and financial guarantees  

given - stage 2 

Loan commitments and financial guarantees  

given - stage 3 

Loan commitments and financial guarantees  

given - poci 

Provision on financial liabilities total 

43,590 
- 
- 
43,402 
188 

- 
- 
- 

- 

(3,534) 
- 
- 
(3,434) 
(100) 

- 
901,104 

- 
262,885 

- 
(122,772) 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 

35,523 

10,030 

6,409 

28 
51,990 

22,118 

(6,033) 

(10,309) 

4,024 

1,975 

5 
28,122 

(2,236) 

(619) 

(9) 
(8,897) 

6,939 

3,370 

- 
- 

6,116 
- 
- 
6,098 
18 

- 
121,060 

708 

(6,070) 

(4,728) 

5 
(10,085) 

(138) 
- 
- 
(138) 
- 

- 
2,216 

(1,368) 

302 

(156) 

- 
(1,222) 

(6,610) 
- 
- 
(6,572) 
(38) 

(5,473) 
- 
- 
(5,623) 
150 

33,951 
- 
- 
33,733 
218 

- 
(131,714) 

- 
73,464 

- 
1,106,243 

- 

(11) 

(1) 

- 
(12) 

918 

41,557 

2,143 

15,121 

415 

6,665 

- 
3,476 

29 
63,372 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

531 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 37:  FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

37.1.    Credit risk [continued] 

37.1.5.  Loan portfolio by internal ratings 

31/12/2023 
Internal rating grade 

Low risk grade (1-4) 
Medium risk grade (5-7) 
High risk grade (8-9) 
Non-performing  
Total loans at amortized cost 

Stage 1 

10,537,131 
5,633,057 
172,435 
- 

Gross carrying amount 
Stage 3 

Stage 2 

POCI 

Total 

886,493 
1,283,637 
466,658 
- 

- 
- 
- 
805,560 

4,209  11,427,833 
6,970,374 
53,680 
644,340 
5,247 
862,749 
57,189 

and finance lease receivable 

16,342,623 

2,636,788 

805,560 

120,325  19,905,296 

31/12/2023 
Internal rating grade 

Accumulated loss allowance 

Stage 1 

Stage 2 

Stage 3 

POCI 

Total 

Low risk grade (1-4) 
Medium risk grade (5-7) 
High risk grade (8-9) 
Non-performing  
Total loans at amortized cost 

57,516 
58,691 
7,074 
- 

67,598 
128,311 
54,521 
- 

- 
- 
- 
516,126 

257 
9,585 
396 
38,976 

125,371 
196,587 
61,991 
555,102 

and finance lease receivable 

123,281 

250,430 

516,126 

49,214 

939,051 

31/12/2022 
Internal rating grade 

Low risk grade (1-4) 
Medium risk grade (5-7) 
High risk grade (8-9) 
Non-performing  
Total loans at amortized cost 

Stage 1 

9,947,741 
5,073,919 
200,696 
- 

Gross carrying amount 
Stage 3 

Stage 2 

POCI 

Total 

569,504 
1,033,413 
582,220 
- 

- 
- 
- 
908,014 

3,703  10,520,948 
6,143,591 
36,259 
785,829 
2,913 
962,333 
54,319 

and finance lease receivable 

15,222,356 

2,185,137 

908,014 

97,194  18,412,701 

31/12/2022 
Internal rating grade 

Accumulated loss allowance 

Stage 1 

Stage 2 

Stage 3 

POCI 

Total 

Low risk grade (1-4) 
Medium risk grade (5-7) 
High risk grade (8-9) 
Non-performing  
Total loans at amortized cost 

66,621 
82,554 
7,811 
- 

51,998 
121,985 
65,223 
- 

- 
- 
- 
589,348 

172 
6,235 
250 
27,294 

118,791 
210,774 
73,284 
616,642 

and finance lease receivable 

156,986 

239,206 

589,348 

33,951  1,019,491 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

532 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 37:  FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

37.1.    Credit risk [continued] 

37.1.6.  Geographical analysis of the loan portfolio 

The geographical analysis of the non-qualified and qualified gross loan portfolio at amortized cost, finance lease 
receivables, placements with other banks and repo receivables and their loss allowances is as follows: 

Country 

Hungary 

Bulgaria 

Croatia 

Serbia 

Slovenia 

Russia 

Ukraine 

Montenegro 

Uzbekistan 

Albania 

Moldova 

Romania 

France 

Germany 

Belgium 

Austria 

Slovakia 

The Netherlands 

Gibraltar 

Switzerland 

United Kingdom 

United States of America 

Luxembourg 

Poland 

Italy 

Ireland 

Cyprus 

Denmark 

Subtotal 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

Gross amount of 
exposure 

Loss 
allowance 

Gross amount of 
exposure 

Loss 
allowance 

5,626,438 

3,816,273 

2,345,342 

2,324,130 

2,774,813 

1,435,654 

408,142 

446,091 

995,010 

392,333 

153,566 

65,234 

167,441 

128,158 

64,906 

34,095 

40,899 

153,202 

9,384 

5,668 

29,879 

146,703 

33,109 

27,022 

32,403 

4,155 

36 

127 

242,888 

121,488 

97,746 

70,973 

30,370 

137,714 

85,631 

17,541 

97,557 

18,059 

7,171 

1,168 

543 

2,849 

240 

104 

930 

2,787 

57 

76 

1,794 

485 

1,210 

857 

587 

30 

15 

2 

5,955,212 

3,537,330 

2,279,085 

2,127,646 

1,200,735 

1,053,208 

543,159 

454,567 

- 

390,856 

171,616 

1,326,510 

272,848 

39,631 

38,855 

3,182 

121,591 

101,078 

- 

63,843 

13,833 

45,232 

3,477 

34,012 

9,330 

5,966 

5,311 

46 

235,946 

159,412 

102,039 

70,779 

14,627 

187,610 

124,859 

22,421 

- 

16,660 

11,181 

65,646 

1,171 

525 

134 

31 

545 

1,864 

- 

3,138 

1,336 

205 

1,085 

987 

235 

116 

217 

7 

21,660,213 

940,872 

19,798,159 

1,022,776 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

533 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 37:  FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

37.1.   Credit risk [continued] 

37.1.6.   Geographical analysis of the loan portfolio [continued] 

Country 

Czech Republic 

Canada 

Australia 

Greece 

Turkey 

Spain 

Israel 

Bosnia and Herzegovina 

Sweden 

Norway 

Saudi Arabia 

United Arab Emirates 

Egypt 

Kazakhstan 

Latvia 
Other1 
Subtotal 

Total 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

Gross amount of 
exposure 

Loss 
allowance 

Gross amount of 
exposure 

Loss 
allowance 

1,153 

164 

76 

1,440 

1,953 

20,137 

1,080 

1,401 

374 

4,808 

- 

28 

693 

218 

44 

5,236 

38,805 

14 

3 

- 

123 

51 

338 

13 

155 

25 

54 

- 

12 

11 

8 

33 

179 

1,019 

739 

74 

58 

999 

1,418 

1,164 

937 

673 

542 

107 

87 

36 

726 

224 

50 

2,877 

10,711 

10 

4 

13 

122 

63 

35 

13 

97 

30 

9 

70 

26 

14 

9 

30 

248 

793 

21,699,018 

941,891 

19,808,870 

1,023,569 

1 Other category as at 31 December 2023 mainly includes e.g.: Japan, North-Macedonia, Portugal, China, Brazil, Lithuania, Republic of 
South-Africa, Armenia, South Korea, India, Iran, Finland, Syria, Kosovo and other countries. 

The geographical analysis of the non-qualified and qualified loan portfolio mandatorily at fair value through profit 
or loss is as follows: 

Country 

Hungary 
United Kingdom 
Slovakia 
Romania 
Others 
Total loans at fair value 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

1,399,463  
998  
11  
2  
11  
1,400,485  

1,247,401  
-  
-  
-  
13  
1,247,414  

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

534 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 37:  FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

37.1.   Credit risk [continued] 

37.1.7.   Loan portfolio classification by economic activities 

Gross loan at amortized cost and finance lease  
receivable portfolio by economic activities 

Retail 
Agriculture, forestry and fishing 
Manufacturing, mining and quarrying  

and other industry 

Construction 
Wholesale and retail trade, transportation and 

storage accommodation and food service activities 

Information and communication 
Financial and insurance activities 
Real estate activities 
Professional, scientific, technical, administration 

and support service activities 

Public administration, defence, education, 
human health and social work activities 

Other services 
Total gross loans and finance lease receivable 

Loss allowance on loans at amortized cost and  

finance lease receivable by economic activities 

Retail 
Agriculture, forestry and fishing 
Manufacturing, mining and quarrying  

and other industry 

Construction 
Wholesale and retail trade, transportation and 

storage accommodation and food service activities 

Information and communication 
Financial and insurance activities 
Real estate activities 
Professional, scientific, technical, administration 

and support service activities 

Public administration, defence, education, 
human health and social work activities 

Other services 
Total loss allowance on loans and  

finance lease receivable 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

7,735,508 
796,687 

2,963,753 
882,237 

3,641,475 
276,945 
825,663 
1,006,429 

8,575,020 
752,497 

2,338,129 
734,908 

2,948,392 
241,809 
354,235 
841,069 

810,498 

657,055 

550,186 
415,915 
19,905,296 

494,955 
474,632 
18,412,701 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

427,342 
41,221 

110,915 
42,661 

217,283 
8,628 
10,523 
36,600 

26,433 

8,810 
8,635 

633,253 
39,200 

94,324 
26,040 

141,799 
6,293 
12,373 
29,500 

18,079 

7,783 
10,847 

939,051 

1,019,491 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

535 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 37:  FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

37.1.   Credit risk [continued] 

37.1.8.   Collateral 

The values of collateral received and held by the Group by types are as follows (total value of the collaterals). 
The collateral covers loans as well as off-balance sheet exposures. 

Held collaterals on book value by type of collateral 

Mortgages 
Guarantees and warranties 
Guarantees of state or organizations owned by state 
Assignments (revenue or other receivables) 
Securities 
Cash deposits 
Other 
Total 

Held collaterals on fair value by type of collateral 

Mortgages 
Guarantees and warranties 
Guarantees of state or organizations owned by state 
Assignments (revenue or other receivables) 
Securities 
Cash deposits 
Other 
Total 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

21,549,776 
1,436,170 
1,786,112 
263,292 
235,213 
285,722 
2,973,138 
28,529,423 

16,332,892 
1,630,318 
1,635,382 
423,098 
168,941 
208,487 
1,758,802 
22,157,920 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

25,222,164 
1,411,444 
1,659,146 
410,643 
394,575 
359,261 
3,471,916 
32,929,149 

19,714,476 
1,624,748 
1,373,763 
574,044 
373,777 
287,558 
2,201,530 
26,149,896 

The values of collateral received and held by the Group by types are as follows (to the extent of the exposures). 
The collaterals cover loans as well as off-balance sheet exposures. 

Held collaterals on book value by type of collateral 

Mortgages 
Guarantees of state or organizations owned by state 
Guarantees and warranties 
Assignments (revenue or other receivables) 
Securities 
Cash deposits 
Other 
Total 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

9,155,801 
1,466,444 
996,758 
148,043 
79,742 
103,650 
1,286,908 
13,237,346 

8,044,836 
1,241,702 
1,016,672 
220,062 
99,345 
80,313 
752,241 
11,455,171 

The coverage level of the loan portfolio to the total collateral increased from 97.59% to 115.14% and the coverage 
level to the extent of the exposures increased from 50.45% to 53.42% as at 31 December 2023 comparing with the 
previous period. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

536 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 37:  FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

37.1.   Credit risk [continued] 

37.1.8.   Collateral [continued] 

The values of collateral received and held by the Group by the positions of the related exposures are as follows: 

31/12/2023 

On balance items 
Cash, due from banks and balances with the National Banks 
Placements with other banks 
Cash collateral on securities borrowed and reversed repurchase agreements 
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss 
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income 
Securities at amortized cost 
Loans and undrawn line of credit 
Derivative financial instruments 
Total on balance sheet items 

Off-balance items 
Financial guarantees 
Letter of credit 
Other off-balance sheet commitments 
Total off-balance sheet items 

31/12/2022 

On balance items 
Cash, due from banks and balances with the National Banks 
Placements with other banks 
Cash collateral on securities borrowed and reversed repurchase agreements 
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss 
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income 
Securities at amortized cost 
Loans and undrawn line of credit 
Derivative financial instruments 
Total on balance sheet items 

Off-balance items 
Financial guarantees 
Letter of credit 
Other off-balance sheet commitments 
Total off-balance sheet items 

Maximum exposure to 
credit risk, book value 

Fair value of collaterals 

Surplus collateral 

Net exposure 

Associated expected 
credit loss 

7,321,496 
1,576,344 
224,418 
1,500,875 
1,416,133 
5,705,754 
24,730,993 
195,312 
42,671,325 

1,421,958 
61,997 
532,165 
2,016,120 

1,528 
10,801 
17,711 
918,520 
13,646 
45,954 
30,948,896 
- 
31,957,056 

809,462 
1,078 
161,553 
972,093 

- 
(1,090) 
- 
(44,555) 
(597) 
(844) 
(9,314,169) 
- 
(9,361,255) 

(253,697) 
(421) 
(80,478) 
(334,596) 

7,319,968 
1,566,633 
206,707 
626,910 
1,403,084 
5,660,644 
3,096,266 
195,312 
20,075,524 

866,193 
61,340 
451,090 
1,378,623 

(514) 
(2,257) 
(593) 
- 
- 
(36,549) 
(902,092) 
- 
(942,005) 

(7,923) 
(335) 
(1,781) 
(10,039) 

Maximum exposure to 
credit risk, book value 

Fair value of collaterals 

Surplus collateral 

Net exposure 

Associated expected 
credit loss 

4,222,158 
1,354,390 
41,250 
1,374,287 
1,509,880 
5,161,194 
21,490,677 
323,211 
35,477,047 

1,413,014 
53,557 
119,890 
1,586,461 

- 
3,384 
43,632 
814,544 
- 
- 
24,412,642 
90,551 
25,364,753 

598,724 
1,178 
185,241 
785,143 

- 
1,343 
(22,355) 
(80,161) 
- 
- 
(7,189,841) 
- 
(7,291,014) 

(228,574) 
(716) 
(90,773) 
(320,063) 

4,222,158 
1,349,663 
19,973 
639,904 
1,509,880 
5,161,194 
4,267,876 
232,660 
17,403,308 

1,042,864 
53,095 
25,422 
1,121,381 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

(1,701) 
(3,837) 
(241) 
- 
- 
(49,903) 
(887,603) 
- 
(943,285) 

(267) 
(144) 
(1,558) 
(1,969) 

537 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 37:  FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

37.1.   Credit risk [continued] 

37.1.8.   Collateral [continued] 

Returns from realization of collaterals taken into possession by types of collateral 

Types of collateral 

Real estate  

from this: real estate taken into possession  

by OTP group member 

Guarantee 
Bail 
Movable property 
Other 
Proceeds from enforcement of collaterals 

37.1.9.   Restructured loans 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

13,944 

2,597 
28,062 
407 
3,576 
1,138 
47,127 

19,414 

2,025 
32,481 
201 
3,411 
1,323 
56,830 

Retail mortgage loans 
Loans to medium and large corporations 
Retail consumer loans 
Loans to micro and small enterprises 
Municipal 
Other loans 
Total 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

Gross 
portfolio 

Loss 
allowance 

Gross 
portfolio 

Loss 
allowance 

31,828 
212,158 
45,587 
33,102 
1,134 
1,752 
325,561 

(2,570) 
(24,634) 
(17,525) 
(2,991) 
(52) 
(791) 
(48,563) 

89,167 
403,643 
64,268 
59,096 
- 
3,417 
619,591 

(5,803) 
(59,453) 
(21,346) 
(4,750) 
- 
(1,361) 
(92,713) 

The forborne definition used by the Group is based on EU 2015/227 regulation. 
Restructuring  (forbearance)  is  a  modification  of  the  contract  –  initiated  by  either  the  client  or  the  bank  –  that 
provides  a  concession  or  allowance  towards  the  client  in  respect  to  the  client’s  current  or  future  financial 
difficulties. The table of restructured loans contains exposures classified as performing forborne. An exposure is 
considered  performing  forborne  if  the  conditions  of  the  non-performing  status  are  not  met  at  the  time  of  the 
restructuring, or the exposure fulfilled the requirements of the minimum one-year cure period as non-performing 
forborne. 

The sharp decrease of performing forborne exposures can be explained by two main factors.  
In  Hungary  the  volume  of  retail  and  corporate  exposures  classified  as  performing  forborne  exclusively due  to 
moratoria participation decreased significantly due to the expiration of the probation period. A smaller part of the 
decrease was the result of exposures exiting performing forborne status (mostly in the medium and large corporate 
segment) in Ukraine. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

538 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 37:  FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

37.1.   Credit risk [continued] 

37.1.10.  Financial instruments by Moody’s rating categories 

Trading securities as at fair value through profit or loss 

31/12/2023 

Aaa 

Aa2 

Aa3 

A2 

A3 

Baa1 

Baa2 

Baa3 

Ba1 

Ba2 

Ba3 

B1 

Not rated 

Total 

Government bonds 

Equity instruments 

and fund units 

Corporate bonds 

Discounted Treasury bills 

Mortgage bonds 

Other interest  

bearing securities 

Other non-interest    

bearing securities 

Total 

2,122 

14,925 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

23 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

52 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

532 

56 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

33 

- 

8 

- 

- 

- 

9,531 

28,869 

910 

17 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

20 

- 

3,918 

- 

2,211 

- 

2 

40 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

39 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

718 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

2,122 

14,948 

52 

588 

41 

9,548 

35,018 

952 

39 

718 

- 

4 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

4 

625 

- 

58,232 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

625 

267 

544 

33 

97 

513 

584 

3,959 

97 

1,641 

3,852 

331 

2,913 

331 

67,568 

31/12/2022 

Aaa 

Aa2 

Aa3 

A1 

A2 

A3 

Baa1 

Baa2 

Baa3 

Ba1 

Ba2 

Ba3 

Not rated 

Total 

Government bonds 

Equity instruments  

and fund units 

Corporate bonds 

Discounted Treasury bills 

Mortgage bonds 

Other interest 

bearing securities 

Other non-interest    

bearing securities 

Total 

346 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

479 

825 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1 

- 

1 

- 

20 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

42 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

197 

47 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

29 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

9,850 

63,992 

15 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

24 

- 

22,865 

- 

1,627 

- 

843 

- 

116 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

39 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

3,669 

2 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

20 

42 

244 

29 

9,865 

88,508 

959 

39 

3,671 

- 

4 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

4 

- 

78,897 

163 

3 

31 

72 

385 

119 

22,896 

72 

- 

1,628 

274 

543 

753 

104,750 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

539 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 37:  FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

37.1.   Credit risk [continued] 

37.1.10.  Financial instruments by Moody’s rating categories [continued] 

Non-trading instruments mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss 

31/12/2023 

Aaa 

Aa2 

Aa3 

A3 

Baa2 

Not rated 

Total 

Non-trading equity instruments mandatorily at  

fair value through profit or loss 

Non-trading debt instruments mandatorily at 

fair value through profit or loss 

Total 

11,196 

1,166 
12,362 

- 

655 
655 

- 

6 
6 

471 

- 
471 

- 

45 
45 

52,335 

64,002 

1,814 
54,149 

3,686 
67,688 

31/12/2022 

Aaa 

Aa3 

A3 

Baa2 

Baa3 

Not rated 

Total 

Non-trading equity instruments mandatorily at  

fair value through profit or loss 

Non-trading debt instruments mandatorily at 

fair value through profit or loss 

Total 

- 

949 
949 

- 

797 
797 

- 

6 
6 

8,152 

1,182 
9,334 

- 

41,594 

49,746 

1,006 
1,006 

1,469 
43,063 

5,409 
55,155 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

540 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 37:  FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

37.1.   Credit risk [continued] 

37.1.10.  Financial instruments by Moody’s rating categories [continued] 

Securities at fair value through other comprehensive income 

31/12/2023 

Aaa 

Aa1 

Aa2 

Aa3 

A1 

A2 

A3 

Baa1 

Baa2 

Baa3 

Ba1 

Ba2 

B2 

Ca 

Not 
rated 

N/A 

Total 

Government bonds 

17,862 

2,480 

9,863 

1,852 

15,740 

18,033 

96,741 

107,428 

572,598 

72,542 

- 

135,873 

95,481 

85,428 

25,436 

30,873 

1,288,230 

Corporate bonds 

Mortgage bonds 

National Bank of  

Hungary bonds 

Interest bearing 

treasury bills 

Other securities 

Non-trading  

- 

- 

- 

- 

28,404 

equity instruments 

8,984 

1,526 

751 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

21,463 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

4,336 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1,541 

734 

553 

2,632 

9,171 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

114,746 

235 

- 

- 

160 

- 

- 

19,056 

3,219 

278 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

3,840 

5,504 

6,924 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

24,424 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

12,115 

8,881 

- 

- 

4,970 

28,784 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

34,996 

30,344 

114,746 

235 

72,429 

60,481 

Total 

55,250 

4,006 

12,155 

2,746 

37,756 

20,665 

129,304 

110,647 

687,857 

72,542 

3,840 

165,801 

102,405 

85,428 

80,186 

30,873 

1,601,461 

31/12/2022 

Aaa 

Aa2 

Aa3 

A1 

A2 

A3 

Baa1 

Baa2 

Baa3 

Ba1 

Ba2 

B1 

Caa1 

Caa3 

Government bonds 

19,775 

6,773 

17,544 

24,234 

80,968 

138,811 

534,476 

120,053 

10,198 

157,469 

105,049 

145 

26,597 

Corporate bonds 

Mortgage bonds 

National Bank of  

Hungary bonds 

Interest bearing 

treasury bills 

Other securities 

Non-trading  

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

equity instruments 

Total 

5,767 

25,542 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1,691 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

74,867 

182,726 

- 

39,309 

3,820 

13,721 

9,262 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

3,036 

388 

323 

30 

6,773 

3,036 

60,339 

24,234 

82,659 

138,811 

792,392 

159,392 

14,018 

171,190 

114,311 

145 

26,597 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

42,407 

- 

- 

- 

Not 
rated 

31,672 

14,848 

12,146 

- 

- 

3,470 

30,613 

92,749 

N/A 

Total 

27,415 

1,301,179 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

82,651 

54,553 

74,867 

182,726 

3,470 

40,157 

27,415 

1,739,603 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

541 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 37:  FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

37.1.   Credit risk [continued] 

37.1.10.  Financial instruments by Moody’s rating categories [continued] 

Securities at amortized cost 

31/12/2023 

Aaa 

Aa1 

Aa2 

Aa3 

A1 

A2 

A3 

Baa1 

Baa2 

Baa3 

Ba1 

Ba2 

Ba3 

B1 

B2 

B3 

Caa1 

Ca 

Not 
rated 

N/A 

Total 

Government bonds 

464,270 

75,313 

54,311 

38,405 

11,767 

149,424 

219,773 

295,442 

2,558,935 

1,802 

1,414 

13,396 

4,471 

2,991 

5,182 

16,084 

14,592 

17,371 

72,024 

16,064 

6,454 

7,234 

12,497 

10,245 

- 

13,019 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1,120 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

26,494 

- 

- 

14,868 

61,393 

66,831 

35,813 

50,775 

50,481 

24,007 

17,747 

4,244 

- 

- 

- 

- 

19,625 

68,071 

35,377 

29,321 

57,801 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

6,427 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

29,407 

6,462 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1,491 

268,207 

- 

22,174 

4,440,240 

- 

207,836 

- 

307,630 

- 

- 

- 

54 

11,689 

- 

49,077 

- 

67,011 

24,708 

6,462 

403,221 

- 

- 

- 

499,020 

83,961 

95,072 

114,514 

94,608 

190,419 

287,752 

360,515 

2,600,313 

105,835 

4,244 

19,625 

68,071 

35,377 

42,210 

87,208 

1,491 

268,207 

268,656 

22,174 

5,249,272 

31/12/2022 

Aaa 

Aa2 

A1 

A2 

A3 

Baa1 

Baa2 

Baa3 

Ba2 

B1 

B3 

Caa3 

Not 
rated 

N/A 

Total 

285,285 

27,551 

12,382 

26,341 

33,154 

218,408 

3,019,422 

154,043 

163,104 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

285,285 

27,551 

- 

- 

- 

12,966 

- 

1,911 

27,259 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

9,357 

35,698 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

15,800 

177,679 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

403 

11,874 

3,971 

13,223 

1,968 

39,470 

2,839 

- 

- 

- 

4,954 

- 

23,623 

308,798 

- 

24,427 

- 

- 

18,871 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

229,322 

- 

- 

11,518 

- 

39,274 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

4,336,008 

247,961 

177,679 

18,871 

24,484 

4,954 

81,981 

33,557 

230,282 

3,023,393 

360,745 

165,072 

47,263 

42,494 

308,798 

280,114 

24,427 

4,891,938 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

542 

Corporate bonds 
Bonds of Hungarian 
National Bank 

Discounted  

Treasury bills 

Mortgage bonds 
Interest bearing  
Treasury bills 

Other securities 

Total 

Government bonds 

Corporate bonds 
Bonds of Hungarian  
National Bank 

Discounted  

Treasury bills 

Mortgage bonds 
Interest bearing  
Treasury bills 

Other securities 

Total 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 37:  FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

37.2.  Maturity analysis of financial assets and liabilities 

Liquidity risk is a measure of the extent to which the Group may be required to raise funds to meet its commitments 
associated with financial instruments. The Group maintains its liquidity position in accordance with regulations 
prescribed by the NBH.  

The essential aspect of the liquidity risk management strategy is to identify all relevant systemic and idiosyncratic 
sources  of  liquidity  risk  and  to  measure  the  probability  and  severity  of  such  events.  During  liquidity  risk 
management the Group considers the effect of liquidity risk events caused by reasons arising in the bank business 
line (deposit withdrawal), the national economy (exchange rate shock yield curve shock) and the global financial 
system (capital market shock). 

In line with the Group’s risk management policy liquidity risks are measured and managed on multiply hierarchy 
levels and applying integrated unified VaR based methodology. The basic requirement is that the Group must keep 
high quality liquidity reserves which means it can fulfill all liabilities when they fall due without material additional 
costs.    

The  liquidity  reserves  can  be  divided  in  two  parts.  There  are  separate  decentralized  liquid  asset  portfolios  at 
subsidiary level and a centralized flexible liquidity pool at a Group level. The reserves at subsidiary levels are held 
to cover the  relevant shocks of the  subsidiaries which may arise in local currencies (deposit withdrawal,  local 
capital market shock, unexpected business expansion), while the centralized liquidity pool is held to cover the 
Bank’s separate shocks (deposit-, yield curve- and exchange rate shocks) and all group member’s potential shocks 
that may arise in foreign currencies (deposit withdrawal, capital market shock). 

The recalculation of shocks is made at least quarterly while the recalibration of shock measurement models and 
review of the risk management methodology is an annual process. The monitoring of liquidity reserves for both 
centralized and decentralized liquid asset portfolio has been built into the daily reporting process.  

Due to the balance sheet adjustment process (deleveraging) experienced in the last few years, the liquidity reserves 
of the Group increased significantly while the liquidity risk exposure has decreased considerably. Currently the 
(over)coverage of potential liquidity risk exposure by high quality liquid assets is high. There were no material 
changes in the liquidity risk management process for the year ended 31 December 2023. 

The contractual amounts disclosed in the maturity analyses are the contractual undiscounted cash-flows like gross 
finance lease obligations (before deducting finance charges); prices specified in forward agreements to purchase 
financial assets for cash; net amounts for pay-floating/receive-fixed interest rate swaps for which net cash-flows 
are exchanged; contractual amounts to be exchanged in a derivative financial instrument for which gross cash-
flows are exchanged; gross loan commitments. 

Such undiscounted cash-flows differ from the amount included in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position 
because the amount in that statement is based on discounted cash-flows. When the amount payable is not fixed, 
the amount disclosed is determined by reference to the conditions existing at the end of the reporting period. For 
example, when the amount payable varies with changes in an index, the amount disclosed may be based on the 
level of the index at the end of the period. 

The following tables provide an analysis of assets and liabilities about the non-discounted cash-flow into relevant 
maturity groupings based on the remaining period from the balance sheet date to the contractual maturity date. It 
is presented under the most prudent consideration of maturity dates where options or repayment schedules allow 
for early repayment possibilities. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

543 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 37:  FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

37.2.   Maturity analysis of financial assets and liabilities [continued] 

31/12/2023 

Within 3 
months 

Within one year 
and over 3 
months 

Within 5 years 
and over one 
year 

Over 5 years 

Without 
maturity 

Total 

Cash, amounts due from banks and balances with the National Banks 
Placements with other banks 
Repo receivables 
Trading securities at fair value through profit or loss 
Non-trading instruments mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss 
Securities at fair value through other comprehensive income 
Securities at amortized cost 
Loans at amortized cost  
Finance lease receivable 
Loans mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss 
Associates and other investments 
Other financial assets1 
TOTAL ASSETS 

Amounts due to banks, the National Governments,  

deposits from the National Banks and other banks 

Repo liabilities 
Financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss 
Deposits from customers 
Liabilities from issued securities 
Leasing liabilities 
Other financial liabilities1 
Subordinated bonds and loans 

TOTAL LIABILITIES 

NET POSITION2 

7,125,535 
1,293,027 
224,555 
39,807 
4,752 
216,151 
506,405 
2,184,372 
138,144 
38,389 
- 

273,035 

12,044,172 

276,875 
126,237 
739 
26,566,638 
143,613 
3,100 
562,576 

7,273 

27,687,051 

120 
14,893 
- 
2,531 
- 
163,292 
281,883 
3,423,492 
326,395 
40,227 
- 

25,755 

4,278,588 

164,640 
- 
1,077 
1,362,729 
424,469 
10,046 
34,753 

1,844 

1,999,558 

- 
173,595 
65 
17,808 
58 
1,030,583 
3,028,531 
7,381,337 
878,914 
238,792 
- 

3,513 

- 
91,787 
- 
6,673 
21 
244,023 
1,622,705 
7,325,898 
112,276 
1,026,918 
- 

10,521 

- 
1,098 
- 
52 
49,216 
117,626 
- 
40,988 
- 
- 
105,824 

4,179 

7,125,655 
1,574,400 
224,620 
66,871 
54,047 
1,771,675 
5,439,524 
20,356,087 
1,455,729 
1,344,326 
105,824 

317,003 

12,753,196 

10,440,822 

318,983 

39,835,761 

1,133,668 
- 
5,387 
391,470 
1,253,504 
50,179 
28,200 

14,234 

518,712 
- 
62,240 
26,550 
330,306 
18,270 
2 

546,893 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
5,555 

- 

2,093,895 
126,237 
69,443 
28,347,387 
2,151,892 
81,595 
631,086 

570,244 

2,876,642 

1,502,973 

5,555 

34,071,779 

(15,642,879) 

2,279,030 

9,876,554 

8,937,849 

313,428 

5,763,982 

1 Without derivative financial instruments. 
2 Analysis for net position of assets and liabilities are calculated in accordance with IFRS 7, therefore certain financial instruments are presented in the earliest period in which the Group could be required to pay. On-
demand deposits are presented in the earliest (within 3 month) period category, however based on the Management’s discretion the Group has appropriate liquidity reserves as maintenance and management of liquidity 
risk. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

544 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 37:  FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

37.2.   Maturity analysis of financial assets and liabilities [continued] 

31/12/2023 

Within 3 
months 

Within one year 
and over 3 
months 

Within 5 years 
and over one 
year 

Over 5 years 

Without 
maturity 

Total 

Receivables from derivative financial instruments held for trading 

Liabilities from derivative financial instruments held for trading 

7,408,699 

(7,308,301) 

1,198,261 

(1,210,824) 

827,516 

(886,862) 

21,685 

(24,149) 

Net position of financial instruments  

held for trading 
Receivables from derivative financial instruments 

designated as hedge accounting 

Liabilities from derivative financial instruments 

designated as hedge accounting 

Net position of financial instruments designated  

as hedge accounting 

Net position of derivative financial instruments total 

Commitments to extend credit 
Bank guarantees 
Confirmed letters of credit 
Factoring loan commitment 

Other commitments 
Off-balance sheet commitments 

100,398 

(12,563) 

(59,346) 

(2,464) 

86,989 

283,147 

765,793 

211,390 

(84,445) 

(296,781) 

(1,810,723) 

(204,952) 

2,544 
102,942 

4,148,938 
644,440 
42,990 
456,411 

89,821 
5,382,600 

(13,634) 
(26,197) 

461,161 
313,978 
11,403 
4,044 

152,175 
942,761 

(1,044,930) 
(1,104,276) 

156,921 
305,642 
7,604 
- 

128,559 
598,726 

6,438 
3,974 

39,707 
157,898 
- 
- 

40,241 
237,846 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 

9,456,161 

(9,430,136) 

26,025 

1,347,319 

(2,396,901) 

(1,049,582) 
(1,023,557) 

4,806,727 
1,421,958 
61,997 
460,455 

410,796 
7,161,933 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

545 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 37:  FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

37.2.   Maturity analysis of financial assets and liabilities [continued] 

31/12/2022 

Within 3 
months 

Within one year 
and over 3 
months 

Within 5 years 
and over one 
year 

Over 5 years 

Without 
maturity 

Total 

Cash, amounts due from banks and balances with the National Banks 
Placements with other banks 
Repo receivables 
Trading securities at fair value through profit or loss 
Non-trading instruments mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss 
Securities at fair value through other comprehensive income 
Securities at amortized cost 
Loans at amortized cost  
Finance lease receivable 
Loans mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss 
Associates and other investments 
Other financial assets1 
TOTAL ASSETS 

Amounts due to banks, the National Governments,  

deposits from the National Banks and other banks 

Repo liabilities 
Financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss 
Deposits from customers 
Liabilities from issued securities 
Leasing liabilities 
Other financial liabilities1 
Subordinated bonds and loans 

TOTAL LIABILITIES 

NET POSITION2 

4,223,091 
1,062,238 
41,250 
5,350 
594 
254,204 
534,388 
2,013,234 
87,867 
40,151 
- 

271,648 

8,534,015 

387,564 
29,153 
583 
23,399,285 
10,644 
4,720 
550,802 

3,395 

4 
67,317 
- 
29,118 
1,127 
301,798 
439,296 
3,287,432 
215,640 
38,038 
- 

4,039 

4,383,809 

213,599 
191 
1,133 
1,275,142 
44,375 
9,616 
34,748 

- 

- 
221,803 
- 
67,117 
9,163 
996,103 
2,423,815 
6,141,665 
1,007,512 
239,627 
- 

3,917 

- 
2,969 
- 
11,794 
20 
286,950 
1,585,672 
6,441,001 
83,753 
973,060 
- 

8,485 

- 
806 
- 
50 
34,490 
131,680 
- 
30,584 
- 
- 
85,929 

6,726 

4,223,095 
1,355,133 
41,250 
113,429 
45,394 
1,970,735 
4,983,171 
17,913,916 
1,394,772 
1,290,876 
85,929 

294,815 

11,110,722 

9,393,704 

290,265 

33,712,515 

665,930 
188,025 
5,535 
398,900 
730,703 
33,534 
11,065 

8,603 

296,766 
- 
50,218 
123,290 
173,510 
18,397 
817 

291,801 

954,799 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
72 
4,231 

- 

1,563,859 
217,369 
57,469 
25,196,617 
959,232 
66,339 
601,663 

303,799 

4,303 

28,966,347 

24,386,146 

1,578,804 

2,042,295 

(15,852,131) 

2,805,005 

9,068,427 

8,438,905 

285,962 

4,746,168 

1 Without derivative financial instruments 
2 Analysis for net position of assets and liabilities are calculated in accordance with IFRS 7, therefore certain financial instruments are presented in the earliest period in which the Group could be required to pay. On-
demand deposits are presented in the earliest (within 3 month) period category, however based on the Management’s discretion the Group has appropriate liquidity reserves as maintenance and management of liquidity 
risk. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

546 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 37:  FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

37.2.   Maturity analysis of financial assets and liabilities [continued] 

31/12/2022 

Within 3 
months 

Within one year 
and over 3 
months 

Within 5 years 
and over one 
year 

Over 5 years 

Without 
maturity 

Total 

Receivables from derivative financial instruments held for trading 

Liabilities from derivative financial instruments held for trading 

7,242,836 

(7,885,403) 

1,270,841 

(1,623,033) 

476,343 

(499,998) 

186,089 

(192,979) 

Net position of financial instruments  

held for trading 
Receivables from derivative financial instruments 

designated as hedge accounting 

Liabilities from derivative financial instruments 

designated as hedge accounting 

Net position of financial instruments designated  

as hedge accounting 

Net position of derivative financial instruments total 

Commitments to extend credit 
Bank guarantees 
Confirmed letters of credit 
Factoring loan commitment 

Other commitments 
Off-balance sheet commitments 

(642,567) 

(352,192) 

(23,655) 

(6,890) 

316,440 

186,839 

784,159 

15,859 

(297,714) 

(217,102) 

(2,031,727) 

(13,425) 

18,726 
(623,841) 

3,937,023 
602,335 
47,631 
414,585 

70,952 
5,072,526 

(30,263) 
(382,455) 

(1,247,568) 
(1,271,223) 

236,103 
308,787 
5,733 
5,035 

48,831 
604,489 

54,355 
337,105 
193 
- 

19,596 
411,249 

2,434 
(4,456) 

2,808 
164,790 
- 
- 

5,514 
173,112 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 

9,176,109 

(10,201,413) 

(1,025,304) 

1,303,297 

(2,559,968) 

(1,256,671) 
(2,281,975) 

4,230,289 
1,413,017 
53,557 
419,620 

144,893 
6,261,376 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

547 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 37:  FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

37.3.  Net foreign currency position and foreign currency risk 

31/12/2023 

USD 

EUR 

CHF 

Other 

Total 

Assets 
Liabilities 
Derivative financial  

instruments 

Net position 

1,425,785 
(1,958,951) 

15,568,497 
(14,622,216) 

67,915 
(170,709) 

10,112,894 
(8,299,337) 

27,175,091 
(25,051,213) 

691,178 
158,012 

1,038,718 
1,984,999 

156,360 
53,566 

5,047 
1,818,604 

1,891,303 
4,015,181 

31/12/2022 

USD 

EUR 

CHF 

Other 

Total 

Assets 
Liabilities 
Derivative financial 

instruments 

Net position 

1,092,435 
(1,523,947) 

9,990,818 
(9,320,156) 

50,641 
(148,570) 

9,646,119 
(7,646,515) 

20,780,013 
(18,639,188) 

499,444 
67,932 

1,014,423 
1,685,085 

161,697 
63,768 

(355,391) 
1,644,213 

1,320,173 
3,460,998 

The table above provides an analysis of the main foreign currency exposures of the Group that arise in the non-
functional  currency  of  the  entities  constituting  the  Group.  The  remaining  foreign  currencies  are  shown  within 
‘Others’. ‘Others’ category contains mainly foreign currencies in RON,  RSD,  HRK, UAH, RUB, BGN, ALL, 
MDL and UZS. The Group monitors its foreign exchange position for compliance with the regulatory requirements 
of the National Banks and its own limit system established in respect of limits on open positions. The measurement 
of the open foreign currency position of the Group involves monitoring the “VaR” limit on the foreign exchange 
exposure of the Group. The derivative financial instruments detailed in the table above are presented at fair value. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

548 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 37:  FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

37.4. 

Interest rate risk management 

Interest rate risk is the risk that the value of a financial instrument will fluctuate due to changes in market interest 
rates. The length of time for which the rate of interest is fixed on a financial instrument, therefore, indicates to 
what extent it is exposed to interest rate risk. 

The majority of the interest-bearing assets and liabilities of the Group are structured to match either short-term 
assets and short-term liabilities, or long-term assets and liabilities with repricing opportunities within one year, or 
long-term assets and corresponding liabilities where repricing is performed simultaneously. 

In  addition,  the  significant  spread  existing  between  the  different  types  of  interest-bearing  assets  and  liabilities 
enables the Group to benefit from a high level of flexibility in adjusting for its interest rate matching and interest 
rate risk exposure. 

The following table presents the interest repricing periods of the assets and liabilities. Variable yield assets and 
liabilities have been reported in accordance with their next repricing date. Fixed income assets and liabilities have 
been reported in accordance with their maturity.  

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

549 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 37:  FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

37.4.   Interest rate risk management [continued] 

As at 31 December 2023 

ASSETS 

Within 1 month 

HUF 

Fx 

Over 1 month and 
Within 3 months 
HUF 

Fx 

Over 3 months and 
Within 12 months 
HUF 

Fx 

Over 1 year and 
Within 2 years 
HUF 

Fx 

Over 2 years 

Non-interest-
bearing 

Total 

Total 

HUF 

Fx 

HUF 

Fx 

HUF 

Fx 

Cash, amounts due from banks and  
balances with the National Banks 

fixed rate 
variable rate 
non-interest-bearing 

Placements with other banks 

fixed rate 
variable rate 
non-interest-bearing 

Repo receivables 
fixed rate 
variable rate 
non-interest-bearing 

Trading instruments at fair value through  
profit or loss 
fixed rate 
variable rate 
non-interest-bearing 

Non-trading instruments mandatorily at fair value 
through profit or loss 

fixed rate 
variable rate 
non-interest-bearing 

2,183,603 
15,209 
2,168,394 
- 
349,710 
12,841 
336,869 
- 
18,263 
18,263 
- 
- 

11,732 
11,507 
225 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

3,080,965 
2,935,907 
145,058 
- 
746,451 
728,857 
17,594 
- 
202,272 
202,272 
- 
- 

5,548 
5,515 
33 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
94,487 
34,723 
59,764 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

625 
71 
554 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

19,565 
- 
19,565 
- 
46,167 
21,302 
24,865 
- 
3,248 
3,248 
- 
- 

10,605 
10,605 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
14,115 
- 
14,115 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

1,240 
948 
292 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

20,837 
86 
20,751 
- 
31,926 
28,799 
3,127 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

13,334 
13,155 
179 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
37 
37 
- 
- 

2,293 
2,287 
6 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

8,464 
- 
8,464 
- 
26,306 
26,306 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

7,454 
7,454 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

4,653 
4,653 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

13,708 
2 
13,706 
- 
77,964 
75,866 
2,098 
- 
6 
6 
- 
- 

9,240 
9,240 
- 
- 

178,600 
- 
- 
178,600 
68,900 
- 
- 
68,900 
- 
- 
- 
- 

217 
- 
- 
217 

- 
- 
- 
- 

41,130 
57 
- 
41,073 

1,619,307 
- 
- 
1,619,307 
110,972 
- 
- 
110,972 
58 
- 
- 
58 

2,362,203 
15,209 
2,168,394 
178,600 
527,212 
47,564 
410,748 
68,900 
18,300 
18,300 
- 
- 

4,762,846 
2,935,995 
207,544 
1,619,307 
1,039,786 
881,130 
47,684 
110,972 
205,584 
205,526 
- 
58 

627 
- 
- 
627 

26,558 
- 
- 
26,558 

20,760 
19,466 
1,077 
217 

41,130 
57 
- 
41,073 

46,808 
45,969 
212 
627 

26,558 
- 
- 
26,558 

7,125,049 
2,951,204 
2,375,938 
1,797,907 
1,566,998 
928,694 
458,432 
179,872 
223,884 
223,826 
- 
58 

67,568 
65,435 
1,289 
844 

67,688 
57 
- 
67,631 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

550 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 37:  FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

37.4.   Interest rate risk management [continued] 

As at 31 December 2023 [continued] 

ASSETS [continued] 

Within 1 month 

Securities at fair value through other 
comprehensive income 

fixed rate 
variable rate 
non-interest-bearing 
Securities at amortized cost 

fixed rate 
variable rate 
non-interest-bearing 

Loans at amortized cost, net of allowance for 
loan losses 

fixed rate 
variable rate 
non-interest-bearing 
Finance lease receivables 

fixed rate 
variable rate 
non-interest-bearing 

Loans mandatorily at fair value through 
profit or loss 
fixed rate 
variable rate 
non-interest-bearing 

Fair value adjustment of derivative financial 
instruments 
fixed rate 
variable rate 
non-interest-bearing 
Other financial assets 

fixed rate 
variable rate 
non-interest-bearing 

HUF 

Fx 

222,862 
210,231 
12,631 
- 
1,268 
1,268 
- 
- 

886,690 
43,777 
842,913 
- 
41,807 
6,926 
34,881 
- 

28,046 
- 
28,046 
- 

718,070 
610,190 
107,880 
- 
300 
19 
281 
- 

711 
709 
2 
- 
329,278 
329,278 
- 
- 

7,262,799 
1,077,919 
6,184,880 
- 
293,789 
175,117 
118,672 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

2,088,017 
2,025,881 
62,136 
- 
22,255 
19,301 
2,954 
- 

Over 1 month and 
Within 3 months 
HUF 

Fx 

Over 3 months and 
Within 12 months 
HUF 

Fx 

Over 1 year and 
Within 2 years 
Fx 
HUF 

Over 2 years 

Non-interest-
bearing 

Total 

Total 

HUF 

Fx 

HUF 

Fx 

HUF 

Fx 

46 
44 
2 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

427,155 
16,415 
410,740 
- 
5,628 
3,360 
2,268 
- 

9,571 
- 
9,571 
- 

961,287 
364,434 
596,853 
- 
2,464 
973 
1,491 
- 

50,498 
50,498 
- 
- 
119,709 
114,865 
4,844 
- 

1,870,582 
220,298 
1,650,284 
- 
136,318 
7,847 
128,471 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

1,413,898 
1,025,262 
388,636 
- 
7,820 
7,508 
312 
- 

13,145 
13,145 
- 
- 
129,361 
129,361 
- 
- 

127,122 
68,967 
58,155 
- 
24,443 
24,172 
271 
- 

264,085 
- 
264,085 
- 

487,263 
323,861 
163,402 
- 
38 
38 
- 
- 

151,935 
151,481 
454 
- 
199,108 
197,947 
1,161 
- 

1,776,768 
732,988 
1,043,780 
- 
151,241 
32,945 
118,296 
- 

1,711 
1,711 
- 
- 

725,487 
444,688 
280,799 
- 
13 
5 
8 
- 

96,740 
96,740 
- 
- 
636,997 
636,997 
- 
- 

153,043 
123,176 
29,867 
- 
43,716 
43,396 
320 
- 

304,546 
- 
304,546 
- 

54,251 
54,251 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

153,331 
149,484 
3,847 
- 
326,501 
326,501 
- 
- 

594,725 
557,721 
37,004 
- 
109,584 
40,115 
69,469 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

111,275 
111,035 
240 
- 
683 
683 
- 
- 

208,914 
208,914 
- 
- 
1,689,717 
1,689,717 
- 
- 

1,929,709 
1,316,067 
613,642 
- 
260,094 
242,904 
17,190 
- 

792,526 
- 
792,526 
- 

297,986 
297,986 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

642,798 
641,142 
1,656 
- 
1,817,333 
1,817,333 
- 
- 

2,418,583 
2,354,992 
63,591 
- 
218,359 
97,957 
120,402 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

403 
- 
- 
403 
- 
- 
- 
- 

116,419 
- 
- 
116,419 
231 
- 
- 
231 

- 
- 
- 
- 

60,078 
- 
- 
60,078 
- 
- 
- 
- 

112,938 
- 
- 
112,938 
4,502 
- 
- 
4,502 

- 
- 
- 
- 

233,911 
231,517 
2,394 
- 
9,551 
9,530 
21 
- 

580,115 
- 
- 
580,115 
95,864 
- 
- 
95,864 

148,516 
- 
- 
148,516 
143,412 
- 
- 
143,412 

542,110 
529,074 
12,633 
403 
2,457,343 
2,457,343 
- 
- 

3,640,138 
1,568,402 
1,955,317 
116,419 
375,919 
320,758 
54,930 
231 

1,398,774 
- 
1,398,774 
- 

3,098,972 
1,650,722 
868,135 
580,115 
98,666 
1,030 
1,772 
95,864 

1,059,351 
993,314 
5,959 
60,078 
2,791,929 
2,785,924 
6,005 
- 

14,036,395 
4,943,918 
8,979,539 
112,938 
913,793 
353,981 
555,310 
4,502 

1,711 
1,711 
- 
- 

4,721,104 
3,838,383 
734,205 
148,516 
183,734 
37,027 
3,295 
143,412 

1,601,461 
1,522,388 
18,592 
60,481 
5,249,272 
5,243,267 
6,005 
- 

17,676,533 
6,512,320 
10,934,856 
229,357 
1,289,712 
674,739 
610,240 
4,733 

1,400,485 
1,711 
1,398,774 
- 

7,820,076 
5,489,105 
1,602,340 
728,631 
282,400 
38,057 
5,067 
239,276 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

551 

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 37:  FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

37.4.   Interest rate risk management [continued] 

As at 31 December 2023 [continued] 

LIABILITIES 

Within 1 month 

Amounts due to banks, the Hungarian 
Government, deposits from the National Bank 
of Hungary and other banks 

fixed rate 
variable rate 
non-interest-bearing 

Repo liabilities 
fixed rate 
variable rate 
non-interest-bearing 

Financial liabilities designated at fair value 
through profit or loss 

fixed rate 
variable rate 
non-interest-bearing 
Deposits from customers 

fixed rate 
variable rate 
non-interest-bearing 

Liabilities from issued securities 

fixed rate 
variable rate 
non-interest-bearing 

HUF 

Fx 

76,208 
18,526 
57,682 
- 
24,572 
24,572 
- 
- 

19,761 
- 
19,761 
- 
7,317,642 
1,109,775 
6,207,867 
- 
249,008 
206 
248,802 
- 

156,143 
50,694 
105,449 
- 
101,665 
101,665 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
17,837,998 
9,060,538 
8,777,460 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

Over 1 month and 
Within 3 months 
HUF 

Fx 

Over 3 months and 
Within 12 months 
HUF 

Fx 

Over 1 year and 
Within 2 years 
Fx 
HUF 

Over 2 years 

HUF 

Fx 

Non-interest-
bearing 

HUF 

Fx 

Total 

Total 

HUF 

Fx 

25,234 
25,233 
1 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
163,141 
163,141 
- 
- 
72,641 
72,083 
558 
- 

132,265 
28,872 
103,393 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
553,995 
552,607 
1,388 
- 
19,182 
19,182 
- 
- 

147,542 
118,910 
28,632 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
107,810 
107,810 
- 
- 
178,027 
178,027 
- 
- 

151,010 
66,941 
84,069 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
1,023,858 
1,015,265 
8,593 
- 
112,356 
99,036 
13,320 
- 

371,329 
371,329 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
31,774 
31,774 
- 
- 
32,371 
32,371 
- 
- 

88,629 
73,820 
14,809 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
173,344 
172,913 
431 
- 
268,667 
268,667 
- 
- 

241,628 
241,628 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

1,481 
25 
1,456 
- 
189,371 
189,371 
- 
- 
151,014 
151,014 
- 
- 

434,069 
395,989 
38,080 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
258,705 
258,705 
- 
- 
1,004,515 
1,004,515 
- 
- 

55,272 
- 
- 
55,272 
- 
- 
- 
- 

49,465 
- 
- 
49,465 
19,955 
- 
- 
19,955 
1 
- 
- 
1 

61,533 
- 
- 
61,533 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
654,838 
- 
- 
654,838 
7,766 
- 
- 
7,766 

917,213 
775,626 
86,315 
55,272 
24,572 
24,572 
- 
- 

70,707 
25 
21,217 
49,465 
7,829,693 
1,601,871 
6,207,867 
19,955 
683,062 
433,701 
249,360 
1 

1,023,649 
616,316 
345,800 
61,533 
101,665 
101,665 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
20,502,738 
11,060,028 
8,787,872 
654,838 
1,412,486 
1,391,400 
13,320 
7,766 

1,940,862 
1,391,942 
432,115 
116,805 
126,237 
126,237 
- 
- 

70,707 
25 
21,217 
49,465 
28,332,431 
12,661,899 
14,995,739 
674,793 
2,095,548 
1,825,101 
262,680 
7,767 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

552 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 37:  FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

37.4.   Interest rate risk management [continued] 

As at 31 December 2023 [continued] 

LIABILITIES [continued]   

Within 1 month 

HUF 

Fx 

Over 1 month and 
Within 3 months 
HUF 

Fx 

Over 3 months and 
Within 12 months 
HUF 

Fx 

Over 1 year and 
Within 2 years 
Fx 
HUF 

Over 2 years 

Non-interest-bearing 

Total 

Total 

HUF 

Fx 

HUF 

Fx 

HUF 

Fx 

Fair value adjustment of derivative 
financial instruments  

fixed rate 
variable rate 
non-interest-bearing 

Leasing liabilities 
fixed rate 
variable rate 
non-interest-bearing 
Other financial liabilities 

fixed rate 
variable rate 
non-interest-bearing 

Subordinated bonds and loans 

fixed rate 
variable rate 
non-interest-bearing 

1,822,128 
1,772,814 
49,314 
- 
368 
359 
9 
- 
2,442 
2,170 
272 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

1,016,999 
881,895 
135,104 
- 
596 
465 
131 
- 
61,562 
61,551 
11 
- 
30 
30 
- 
- 

524,302 
373,167 
151,135 
- 
1,733 
60 
1,673 
- 
678 
- 
678 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

1,865,964 
1,019,236 
846,728 
- 
3,030 
2,074 
956 
- 
292 
272 
20 
- 
89,415 
- 
89,415 
- 

445,921 
280,907 
165,014 
- 
523 
163 
360 
- 
51 
51 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

874,989 
500,307 
374,682 
- 
6,284 
2,226 
4,058 
- 
1,078 
744 
334 
- 
192,337 
443 
191,894 
- 

59,172 
59,172 
- 
- 
1,208 
12 
1,196 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

111,700 
111,700 
- 
- 
16,417 
8,345 
8,072 
- 
179 
86 
93 
- 
10,019 
10,019 
- 
- 

197,826 
197,826 
- 
- 
1,758 
1,290 
468 
- 
4 
4 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

173,012 
173,012 
- 
- 
36,875 
8,503 
28,372 
- 
46 
46 
- 
- 
270,280 
270,280 
- 
- 

693,221 
- 
- 
693,221 
- 
- 
- 
- 
349,062 
- 
- 
349,062 
- 
- 
- 
- 

43,633 
- 
- 
43,633 
7,521 
- 
- 
7,521 
241,470 
- 
- 
241,470 
315 
- 
- 
315 

3,742,570 
2,683,886 
365,463 
693,221 
5,590 
1,884 
3,706 
- 
352,237 
2,225 
950 
349,062 
- 
- 
- 
- 

4,086,297 
2,686,150 
1,356,514 
43,633 
70,723 
21,613 
41,589 
7,521 
304,627 
62,699 
458 
241,470 
562,396 
280,772 
281,309 
315 

7,828,867 
5,370,036 
1,721,977 
736,854 
76,313 
23,497 
45,295 
7,521 
656,864 
64,924 
1,408 
590,532 
562,396 
280,772 
281,309 
315 

Net position 

(5,049,778) 

(5,142,908) 

713,534 

1,014,267 

180,938 

710,448 

795,769 

669,368 

4,400,517 

3,263,951 

(85,097) 

1,209,892 

955,883 

1,725,018 

2,680,901 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

553 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 37:  FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

37.4.   Interest rate risk management [continued] 

As at 31 December 2022 

ASSETS 

Within 1 month 

HUF 

Fx 

Over 1 month and 
Within 3 months 
HUF 

Fx 

Over 3 months and 
Within 12 months 
HUF 

Fx 

Over 1 year and 
Within 2 years 
Fx 
HUF 

Over 2 years 

Non-interest-
bearing 

Total 

Total 

HUF 

Fx 

HUF 

Fx 

HUF 

Fx 

Cash, amounts due from banks and  
balances with the National Banks 

fixed rate 
variable rate 
non-interest-bearing 

Placements with other banks 

fixed rate 
variable rate 
non-interest-bearing 

Repo receivables 
fixed rate 
variable rate 
non-interest-bearing 

Trading instruments at fair value through  
profit or loss 
fixed rate 
variable rate 
non-interest-bearing 

Non-trading instruments mandatorily at fair value 
through profit or loss 

fixed rate 
variable rate 
non-interest-bearing 

641,960 
641,503 
457 
- 
682,568 
2,151 
680,417 
- 
41,009 
41,009 
- 
- 

7,171 
7,156 
15 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

1,166,289 
1,085,631 
80,658 
- 
345,915 
239,634 
106,281 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

1,234 
1,234 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

309 
- 
309 
- 
46,805 
6,542 
40,263 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

16,157 
11,967 
4,190 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

14,649 
- 
14,649 
- 
37,222 
37,222 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

661 
661 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
100,744 
352 
100,392 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

12,146 
3,775 
8,371 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

28,967 
4,941 
24,026 
- 
2,007 
- 
2,007 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

4,265 
4,265 
- 
- 

21,882 
21,882 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

20,323 
- 
20,323 
- 
28 
28 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

2,436 
2,436 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

27,900 
27,900 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

14,550 
- 
14,550 
- 
22,016 
22,016 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

9,760 
9,760 
- 
- 

183,201 
- 
- 
183,201 
48,754 
- 
- 
48,754 
- 
- 
- 
- 

124 
- 
- 
124 

- 
- 
- 
- 

30,057 
- 
- 
30,057 

2,151,144 
- 
- 
2,151,144 
65,023 
- 
- 
65,023 
- 
- 
- 
- 

1,014 
- 
- 
1,014 

25,098 
- 
- 
25,098 

825,470 
641,503 
766 
183,201 
878,871 
9,045 
821,072 
48,754 
41,009 
41,009 
- 
- 

85,380 
72,680 
12,576 
124 

30,057 
- 
- 
30,057 

3,395,922 
1,090,572 
154,206 
2,151,144 
472,211 
298,900 
108,288 
65,023 
- 
- 
- 
- 

19,370 
18,356 
- 
1,014 

25,098 
- 
- 
25,098 

4,221,392 
1,732,075 
154,972 
2,334,345 
1,351,082 
307,945 
929,360 
113,777 
41,009 
41,009 
- 
- 

104,750 
91,036 
12,576 
1,138 

55,155 
- 
- 
55,155 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

554 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 37:  FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

37.4.   Interest rate risk management [continued] 

As at 31 December 2022 [continued] 

ASSETS [continued] 

Within 1 month 

HUF 

Fx 

Over 1 month and 
Within 3 months 
Fx 
HUF 

Over 3 months and 
Within 12 months 
HUF 

Fx 

Over 1 year and 
Within 2 years 
Fx 
HUF 

Over 2 years 

Non-interest-
bearing 

Total 

Total 

HUF 

Fx 

HUF 

Fx 

HUF 

Fx 

Securities at fair value through other 
comprehensive income 

fixed rate 
variable rate 
non-interest-bearing 
Securities at amortized cost 

fixed rate 
variable rate 
non-interest-bearing 

Loans at amortized cost, net of allowance 
for loan losses 
fixed rate 
variable rate 
non-interest-bearing 
Finance lease receivables 

fixed rate 
variable rate 
non-interest-bearing 

Loans mandatorily at fair value through 
profit or loss 
fixed rate 
variable rate 
non-interest-bearing 

Fair value adjustment of derivative 
financial instruments 

fixed rate 
variable rate 
non-interest-bearing 
Other financial assets 

fixed rate 
variable rate 
non-interest-bearing 

194,093 
194,092 
1 
- 
364,928 
364,928 
- 
- 

62,611 
62,610 
1 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

57,998 
44,277 
13,721 
- 
61,623 
56,550 
5,073 
- 

6,653,388 
1,643,455 
5,009,933 
- 
326,963 
144,070 
182,893 
- 

2,251,999 
1,160,027 
1,091,972 
- 
10,843 
818 
10,025 
- 

2,762,858 
324,583 
2,438,275 
- 
147,623 
8,234 
139,389 
- 

150,015 
120,553 
29,462 
- 
197,317 
177,967 
19,350 
- 

186,499 
20,139 
166,360 
- 
70,923 
5,969 
64,954 
- 

26,449 
- 
26,449 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

10,992 
- 
10,992 
- 

906,446 
428,080 
478,366 
- 
2,703 
2,504 
199 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

1,424,864 
879,090 
545,774 
- 
1,316 
1,018 
298 
- 

1,808,603 
1,687,569 
121,034 
- 
2,217 
2,217 
- 
- 

3,091,633 
3,023,972 
67,661 
- 
25,400 
14,552 
10,848 
- 

127,352 
127,345 
7 
- 
375,979 
375,979 
- 
- 

77,681 
14,300 
63,381 
- 
21,539 
8,971 
12,568 
- 

70,371 
- 
70,371 
- 

485,449 
271,921 
213,528 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

134,675 
134,675 
- 
- 
216,496 
216,496 
- 
- 

1,428,579 
565,806 
862,773 
- 
183,361 
36,041 
147,320 
- 

15,327 
15,327 
- 
- 
288,026 
288,026 
- 
- 

38,430 
11,987 
26,443 
- 
30,106 
29,796 
310 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

231,141 
- 
231,141 
- 

545,738 
518,869 
26,869 
- 
712 
712 
- 
- 

36,682 
36,682 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

101,052 
100,597 
455 
- 
48,565 
48,565 
- 
- 

403,633 
344,884 
58,749 
- 
94,727 
34,165 
60,562 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

35,986 
35,986 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

278,680 
278,680 
- 
- 
2,247,457 
2,247,457 
- 
- 

961,205 
290,461 
670,744 
- 
217,805 
207,861 
9,944 
- 

908,461 
- 
908,461 
- 

183,664 
183,664 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

577,643 
577,643 
- 
- 
1,091,547 
1,090,235 
1,312 
- 

1,116,179 
1,016,774 
99,405 
- 
182,904 
75,332 
107,572 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

98,654 
98,654 
- 
- 
143 
123 
20 
- 

265 
- 
- 
265 
- 
- 
- 
- 

129,999 
- 
- 
129,999 
194 
- 
- 
194 

- 
- 
- 
- 

39,892 
- 
- 
39,892 
- 
- 
- 
- 

84,008 
- 
- 
84,008 
11,764 
- 
- 
11,764 

- 
- 
- 
- 

28,204 
- 
- 
28,204 
93,577 
- 
- 
93,577 

730,436 
- 
- 
730,436 
136,913 
- 
- 
136,913 

634,250 
604,515 
29,470 
265 
3,108,779 
3,089,429 
19,350 
- 

3,645,813 
1,496,914 
2,018,900 
129,999 
351,410 
253,415 
97,801 
194 

1,247,414 
- 
1,247,414 
- 

3,449,048 
2,607,916 
812,928 
28,204 
98,497 
4,721 
199 
93,577 

1,105,353 
1,051,284 
14,177 
39,892 
1,783,159 
1,776,774 
6,385 
- 

12,448,645 
3,895,502 
8,469,135 
84,008 
947,342 
297,842 
637,736 
11,764 

- 
- 
- 
- 

5,927,311 
4,556,571 
640,304 
730,436 
164,484 
16,405 
11,166 
136,913 

1,739,603 
1,655,799 
43,647 
40,157 
4,891,938 
4,866,203 
25,735 
- 

16,094,458 
5,392,416 
10,488,035 
214,007 
1,298,752 
551,257 
735,537 
11,958 

1,247,414 
- 
1,247,414 
- 

9,376,359 
7,164,487 
1,453,232 
758,640 
262,981 
21,126 
11,365 
230,490 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

555 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 37:  FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

37.4.   Interest rate risk management [continued] 

As at 31 December 2022 [continued] 

LIABILITIES 

Within 1 month 

Amounts due to banks, the Hungarian 
Government, deposits from the National Bank of 
Hungary and other banks 

fixed rate 
variable rate 
non-interest-bearing 

Repo liabilities 
fixed rate 
variable rate 
non-interest-bearing 

Financial liabilities designated at fair value 
through profit or loss 

fixed rate 
variable rate 
non-interest-bearing 
Deposits from customers 

fixed rate 
variable rate 
non-interest-bearing 

Liabilities from issued securities 

fixed rate 
variable rate 
non-interest-bearing 

HUF 

Fx 

17,358 
12,847 
4,511 
- 
29,145 
29,143 
2 
- 

16,575 
26 
16,549 
- 
7,466,580 
1,097,639 
6,368,941 
- 
1,878 
211 
1,667 
- 

187,834 
62,086 
125,748 
- 
188,121 
5 
188,116 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
13,217,695 
6,265,835 
6,951,860 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

Over 1 month and 
Within 3 months 
HUF 

Fx 

Over 3 months and 
Within 12 months 
HUF 

Fx 

Over 1 year and 
Within 2 years 
Fx 
HUF 

Over 2 years 

Non-interest-
bearing 

Total 

Total 

HUF 

Fx 

HUF 

Fx 

HUF 

Fx 

27,239 
27,239 
- 
- 
98 
98 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
292,239 
292,239 
- 
- 
1,215 
- 
1,215 
- 

55,363 
5,079 
50,284 
- 
5 
5 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
1,746,958 
1,746,958 
- 
- 
18 
18 
- 
- 

109,518 
109,518 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
153,147 
153,147 
- 
- 
194,515 
44,390 
150,125 
- 

80,566 
70,661 
9,905 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
869,141 
869,141 
- 
- 
41 
41 
- 
- 

71,613 
71,613 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
37,952 
37,952 
- 
- 
79,497 
79,497 
- 
- 

5,187 
5,182 
5 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
154,101 
151,009 
3,092 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

751,109 
751,109 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
220,222 
220,222 
- 
- 
145,295 
145,295 
- 
- 

42,918 
42,913 
5 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
189,032 
189,032 
- 
- 
448,205 
448,205 
- 
- 

81,757 
- 
- 
81,757 
- 
- 
- 
- 

37,616 
- 
- 
37,616 
14,525 
- 
- 
14,525 
- 
- 
- 
- 

32,696 
- 
- 
32,696 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
827,213 
- 
- 
827,213 
18 
- 
- 
18 

1,058,594 
972,326 
4,511 
81,757 
29,243 
29,241 
2 
- 

54,191 
26 
16,549 
37,616 
8,184,665 
1,801,199 
6,368,941 
14,525 
422,400 
269,393 
153,007 
- 

404,564 
185,921 
185,947 
32,696 
188,126 
10 
188,116 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
17,004,140 
9,221,975 
6,954,952 
827,213 
448,282 
448,264 
- 
18 

1,463,158 
1,158,247 
190,458 
114,453 
217,369 
29,251 
188,118 
- 

54,191 
26 
16,549 
37,616 
25,188,805 
11,023,174 
13,323,893 
841,738 
870,682 
717,657 
153,007 
18 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

556 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 37:  FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

37.4.   Interest rate risk management [continued] 

As at 31 December 2022 [continued] 

LIABILITIES [continued]   

Within 1 month 

Fair value adjustment of derivative 
financial instruments  

fixed rate 
variable rate 
non-interest-bearing 

Leasing liabilities 
fixed rate 
variable rate 
non-interest-bearing 
Other financial liabilities 

fixed rate 
variable rate 
non-interest-bearing 

Subordinated bonds and loans 

fixed rate 
variable rate 
non-interest-bearing 

HUF 

Fx 

2,868,787 
2,783,756 
85,031 
- 
2,005 
1,905 
100 
- 
93,677 
93,668 
9 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

2,091,600 
1,945,423 
146,177 
- 
9,146 
8,686 
460 
- 
36,041 
35,843 
198 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

Over 1 month and 
Within 3 months 
Fx 
HUF 

Over 3 months and 
Within 12 months 
HUF 

Fx 

Over 1 year and 
Within 2 years 
Fx 
HUF 

Over 2 years 

Non-interest-bearing 

Total 

Total 

HUF 

Fx 

HUF 

Fx 

HUF 

Fx 

478,930 
331,253 
147,677 
- 
2 
1 
1 
- 
2,247 
1,748 
499 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

1,824,450 
972,676 
851,774 
- 
1,329 
408 
921 
- 
1,735 
1,735 
- 
- 
93,110 
- 
93,110 
- 

577,862 
218,514 
359,348 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
11 
7 
4 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

556,209 
531,863 
24,346 
- 
5,384 
2,197 
3,187 
- 
6,706 
3,283 
3,423 
- 
201,076 
- 
201,076 
- 

22,780 
22,758 
22 
- 
4 
4 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

36,714 
36,714 
- 
- 
7,647 
2,541 
5,106 
- 
2,494 
2,401 
93 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

118,071 
118,071 
- 
- 
1,277 
1,277 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

113,968 
113,968 
- 
- 
31,084 
17,244 
13,840 
- 
2,408 
2,319 
89 
- 
7,798 
7,798 
- 
- 

246,135 
- 
- 
246,135 
- 
- 
- 
- 
288,478 
- 
- 
288,478 
- 
- 
- 
- 

529,820 
- 
- 
529,820 
5,900 
- 
- 
5,900 
211,855 
- 
- 
211,855 
- 
- 
- 
- 

4,312,565 
3,474,352 
592,078 
246,135 
3,288 
3,187 
101 
- 
384,413 
95,423 
512 
288,478 
- 
- 
- 
- 

5,152,761 
3,600,644 
1,022,297 
529,820 
60,490 
31,076 
23,514 
5,900 
261,239 
45,581 
3,803 
211,855 
301,984 
7,798 
294,186 
- 

9,465,326 
7,074,996 
1,614,375 
775,955 
63,778 
34,263 
23,615 
5,900 
645,652 
141,004 
4,315 
500,333 
301,984 
7,798 
294,186 
- 

Net position 

(6,681,274) 

(3,560,594) 

2,506,895 

785,846 

236,208 

825,677 

449,748 

500,607 

3,589,198 

2,277,983 

(154,136) 

1,637,790 

(53,361) 

2,467,309 

2,413,948 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

557 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 37:  FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

37.5.  Market risk 

The Group takes on exposure to market risks. Market risks arise from open positions in interest rate, currency and 
equity products, all of which are exposed to general and specific market movements. The Group applies a ‘Value-
at-Risk’ (VaR) methodology to estimate the market risk of positions held and the maximum losses expected, based 
upon a number of assumptions for various changes in market conditions. The Management Board sets limits on 
the value of risk that may be accepted, which is monitored on a daily basis. (Analysis of liquidity risk, foreign 
currency risk and interest rate risk is detailed in Notes 37.2., 37.3. and 37.4., respectively.) 

37.5.1.  Market Risk sensitivity analysis 

The VaR risk measure estimates the potential loss in pre-tax profit over a given holding period for a specified 
confidence level.  

The  VaR  methodology  is  a  statistically  defined,  probability-based  approach  that  takes  into  account  market 
volatilities as well as risk diversification by recognizing offsetting positions and correlations between products and 
markets. Risks can be measured consistently across all markets and products, and risk measures can be aggregated 
to arrive at a single risk number. The one-day 99% VaR number used by the Group reflects the 99% probability 
that the daily loss will not exceed the reported VaR.  

VaR methodologies are employed to calculate daily risk numbers include the historical and variance-covariance 
approach.  The  diversification  effect  has  not  been  validated  among  the  various  market  risk  types  when  capital 
calculation happens. 
In addition to these two methodologies, Monte Carlo simulations are applied to the various portfolios on a monthly 
basis to determine potential future exposure.  

The VaR of the trading portfolio can be summarized as follows (in HUF mn):    

Historical VaR (99%, one-day) by risk type 

Foreign exchange 
Interest rate 
Equity instruments 
Diversification 
Total VaR exposure 

Average VaR 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

10,391 
406 
18 
- 
10,815 

5,896 
890 
42 
- 
6,829 

The table above shows the VaR figures by asset classes. Since processes driving the value of the major asset classes 
are not independent (for example the depreciation of HUF against the EUR mostly coincide with the increase of 
the yields of Hungarian Government Bonds), a diversification impact emerges, so the overall VaR is less than the 
sum of the VaR of each individual asset class. 

While VaR captures the Group’s daily exposure to currency and interest rate risk, sensitivity analysis evaluates 
the impact of a reasonably possible change in interest or foreign currency rates over a year. The longer time frame 
of  sensitivity  analysis  complements  VaR  and  helps  the  Group  to  assess  its  market  risk  exposures.  Details  of 
sensitivity analysis for foreign currency risk are set out in Note 37.5.2., for interest rate risk in Note 37.5.3., and 
for equity price sensitivity analysis in Note 37.5.4. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

558 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 37:  FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

37.5.   Market risk [continued] 

37.5.2.   Foreign currency sensitivity analysis 

The Bank changed its methodology of foreign currency sensitivity analysis and has been using a historical VaR 
calculation since 31 March 2021. The former Monte Carlo simulation represented the Group’s sensitivity to the 
rise and fall in the HUF exchange rate against EUR, over a 3-month period. The sensitivity analysis included only 
outstanding foreign currency denominated monetary items as strategic open positions related to foreign activities. 
In line with the Management's intention, the former EUR (310) million strategic open position was fully closed as 
at 31 March 2021. 
Since the closing of the strategic open position, the Group has been using a historical VaR calculation with a 1 day 
holding  period.  The  analysis  includes  the  same  net  open  foreign  exchange  position  as  used  under  the  internal 
capital adequacy assessment process (ICAAP). The VaR methodology is a statistically defined, probability-based 
approach  that  takes  into  account  market  volatilities  as  well  as  risk  diversification  by  recognizing  offsetting 
positions and correlations between products and markets. 
Additionally, the Bank determines the foreign currency risk of assets evaluated through the Other Comprehensive 
Income, which includes securities valuated on fair  value through other comprehensive income and the  foreign 
currency translation reserves. 

The following table shows the result of the foreign currency sensitivity analysis.  
The numbers below indicate the expected daily profit or loss of the portfolio beside the given confidence level. 

Probability 

1% 
5% 
25% 
50% 
25% 
5% 
1% 

Effects to the Consolidated 
Statement of Profit or Loss 

In HUF million 

Effects to the Consolidated 
Statement of Other 
Comprehensive Income 
In HUF million 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

(9,947) 
(4,586) 
(1,041) 
157 
1,488 
4,740 
7,333 

(4,746) 
(2,542) 
(843) 
(15) 
990 
2,837 
4,245 

(4,201) 
(3,150) 
(1,264) 
(211) 
928 
2,480 
4,116 

(5,604) 
(2,992) 
(1,190) 
(235) 
834 
2,415 
4,767 

Note: 
(1) Historical VaR simulation is based on the empirical distribution of the historical exchange rate movements 
between 31 December 2022 and 31 December 2023. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

559 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 37:  FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

37.5.   Market risk [continued] 

37.5.3.   Interest rate sensitivity analysis 

The sensitivity analyses below have been determined based on the exposure to interest rates for both derivatives 
and non-derivative instruments at the balance sheet date. The analysis is prepared assuming the amount of assets 
and liabilities outstanding at the balance sheet date was outstanding for the whole year. The analysis was prepared 
by assuming only adverse interest rate changes. The main assumptions were as follows: 

•  Floating rate assets and liabilities were repriced to the modelled benchmark yields at the repricing dates 

assuming the unchanged margin compared to the last repricing. 

•  Fixed rate assets and liabilities were repriced at the contractual maturity date.  
•  As for liabilities with discretionary repricing feature by the Bank were assumed to be repriced with two-

weeks delay, assuming no change in the margin compared to the last repricing date. 

•  Deposits with an interest rate lower than 0.3% even at high market rates were assumed to be unchanged 

for the whole period. 

The sensitivity of interest income to changes in BUBOR was analysed by assuming two interest rate path scenarios: 

 (1) BUBOR decreases gradually by 500 bps over the next year (probable scenario) 
 (2) BUBOR increases gradually by 100 bps over the next year (alternative scenario) 

The net interest income in a one-year period after 1 January 2024 would be decreased by HUF (2,800) million 
(probable scenario) and increased by HUF 296 million (alternative scenario) as a result of these simulation. A 
similar simulation indicated HUF (9,002) million decrease (probable scenario) and HUF 4,306 million (alternative 
scenario) increase in the Net interest income in a one-year period after 1 January 2023. 
This effect is further enhanced by capital results HUF 429 million (for probable scenario) and HUF (104) million 
(for alternative scenario) as at 31 December 2023, the comparative results were (HUF (350) million for probable 
scenario, HUF 181 million for alternative scenario as at 31 December 2022) on the government bond portfolio 
held for hedging (economic).  

Furthermore, the effects of an instant 10bps parallel shift of the HUF, EUR and USD yield-curves on net interest 
income over a one-year period and on the market value of the hedge government bond at fair value through other 
comprehensive income portfolio booked against capital was analysed. The results of unfavorable shocks can be 
summarized as follows (in HUF million): 

Description 

HUF (0.1%) parallel shift  
HUF 0.1% parallel shift  
EUR (0.1%) parallel shift 
EUR 0.1% parallel shift 
USD (0.1%) parallel shift 
USD 0.1% parallel shift 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

Effects to the 
net interest 
income 

Effects to 
capital 

Effects to the 
net interest 
income 

Effects to 
capital 

(298) 
298 
(4,409) 
3,933 
(102) 
112 

14 
(14) 
- 
- 
- 
- 

1,669 
(1,667) 
(3,661) 
4,423 
119 
(290) 

36 
(36) 
- 

- 
- 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

560 

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 37:  FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

37.5.   Market risk [continued] 

37.5.4.   Equity price sensitivity analysis 

The following table shows the effect of the equity price sensitivity. The Group uses VaR calculation with 1 day 
holding period and a 99% confidence level. The VaR methodology is a statistically defined, probability-based 
approach  that  takes  into  account  market  volatilities  as  well  as  risk  diversification  by  recognizing  offsetting 
positions and correlations between products and markets. The daily loss will not exceed the reported VaR number 
with 99% of probability.  
The stress test assumes the largest price movement of the last year and calculates with it as the adverse direction. 
These scenarios show the loss of the portfolio when all prices change with the maximum amount of the last year. 

Description 

VaR (99%, one day, HUF million) 
Stress test (HUF million) 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

10 
(103) 

15 
(26) 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

561 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 37:  FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

37.6.  Capital management 

Capital management 

The  primary  objective  of  the  capital  management  of  the  Group  is  to  ensure  the  prudent  operation,  the  entire 
compliance  with  the  prescriptions  of  the  regulator  for  a  persistent  business  operation  and  maximising  the 
shareholder value, accompanied by an optimal financing structure. 
The  capital  management  of  the  Group members  includes  the  management  and  evaluation  of  the  shareholders` 
equity and other types of funds available for hedging risks, to be recorded in the equity and all material risks to be 
covered by the capital. 
The basis of the capital management of the Group members in the short run is the continuous monitoring of their 
capital position, in the long run the strategic and the business planning, which includes the monitoring and forecast 
of the capital position.   
The Group members maintain the capital adequacy required by the regulatory bodies and the planned risk taking 
mainly by means of ensuring and developing their profitability. In the event that the planned risk level of a Group 
member exceeded its Core and the previously raised Supplementary capital, it ensures the prudent operation by 
occasional  measures.  A  further  tool  in  the  capital  management  of  the  Bank  is  the  dividend  policy,  and  the 
transactions performed with the treasury shares. 

Capital adequacy 

The  Capital  Requirements  Directive  package  (CRDIV/CRR)  transposes  the  new  global  standards  on  banking 
regulation (known as the Basel III agreement) into the EU legal framework. The new rules are applied from 1 
January 2014. They set stronger prudential requirements for institutions, requiring them to keep sufficient capital 
reserves and liquidity. This new framework makes institutions in the EU more solid and strengthens their capacity 
to adequately manage the risks linked to their activities and absorb any losses they may incur in doing business.  
The capital adequacy of the Group is supervised based on the financial statements data prepared in accordance 
with IFRS applying the current directives, rulings and indicators from 1 January 2014.  

For regulatory compliance the capital adequacy ratios according to regulatory scope of consolidation are relevant. 
The Pillar3 Disclosure of OTP Group contains the capital adequacy ratios calculated under regulatory scope of 
consolidation. 
The Group has entirely complied with the regulatory capital requirements both in the year ended 31 December 
2023 and 31 December 2022. 

The Group uses the standard method for determining the regulatory capital requirements of the credit risk and 
market risk, and parallel to  that, the base indicator method, and the advanced method (“AMA”) in case of the 
operational risk.  

For international comparison purposes, the Group calculated the Regulatory capital based on IFRS data as adopted 
by the EU, and the consolidated Capital adequacy ratio based on this in accordance with the regulations of Basel 
III. The Capital adequacy ratio of the Group (IFRS) was 18.9%, the Regulatory capital was HUF 4,475,381 million 
and the Total regulatory capital requirement was HUF 1,896,022 million as at 31 December 2023. The same ratios 
calculated  as  at  31  December  2022  were  the  following:  17.8%,  HUF  3,671,106  million  and  HUF  1,648,616 
million. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

562 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 37:  FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

37.6.   Capital management [continued] 

Capital adequacy [continued] 

Calculation on IFRS basis (in HUF million) 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

Core capital (Tier 1) =  
Common Equity Tier 1 (CET 1) 

Issued capital 
Reserves1 
Fair value adjustments 
Other capital components 
Non-controlling interests 
Treasury shares 
Goodwill and other intangible assets 
Other adjustments 
Additional Tier 1 (AT1) 
Supplementary capital (Tier 2) 
Subordinated bonds and loans 
Other issued capital components 
Components recognized in T2 capital 

issued by subsidiaries 

Regulatory capital 

Credit risk capital requirement  
Market risk capital requirement 
Operational risk capital requirement 
Total requirement regulatory capital 
Surplus capital 
CET 1 ratio 
Tier 1 ratio 
Capital adequacy ratio 

3,945,571 

3,383,162 

28,000 
3,992,843 
(64,033) 
92,443 
28,542 
(13,226) 
(188,894) 
69,896 
- 
529,810 
500,555 
- 

29,255 
4,475,381 
1,702,000 
29,346 
164,676 
1,896,022 
2,579,359 
16.60% 
16.60% 
18.90% 

28,000 
3,149,251 
(135,905) 
288,531 
2,464 
(15,000) 
(164,642) 
230,463 
- 
287,944 
287,362 
- 

582 
3,671,106 
1,494,358 
29,322 
124,936 
1,648,616 
2,022,490 
16.40% 
16.40% 
17.80% 

 1 The dividend amount planned to pay out / paid out is deducted from reserves.  

Basel III 

The  components  of  the  Common  Equity  Tier  1  capital  (CET  1)  are  the  following:  Issued  capital,  Reserves 
(Retained earnings, Other reserves, Changes in the equity of subsidiaries, Net Profit for the year, Changes due to 
consolidation) Fair value adjustments, Other capital components, (Revaluation reserves, Share based payments, 
Cash-flow  hedges,  Net  investment  hedge  in  foreign  operations),  Non-controlling  interest,  Treasury  shares, 
Goodwill and other Intangible assets, other adjustments (due to prudential filters, due to deferred tax receivables, 
due to temporary regulations). 
Supplementary  capital  (Tier  2):  Subordinated  loan  capital,  Supplementary  loan  capital,  Other  issued  capital 
components, Components recognized in T2 capital issued by subsidiaries.  

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

563 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 37:  FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (in HUF mn) [continued] 

37.6.   Capital management [continued] 

Resolution strategy of OTP Group 

In  line  with  Section  7  of  the  Resolution  Act  (XXXVII  of  2014  on  the  further  development  of  the  system  of 
institutions strengthening the security of the individual players of the financial intermediary system) implementing 
Article 12 of BRRD (“Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive”) (2014/59 EU Directive) the National Bank of 
Hungary (NBH) as the group-level resolution authority of OTP Group draw up the group resolution plan for OTP 
Group  in  close  cooperation  with  the  national  resolution  authorities  of  the  EU  and  the  equivalent  third  country 
subsidiaries. According to the group-resolution plan the resolution strategy for OTP Group is the multiple point of 
entry approach (“MPE”) which determines two intervention points in the Group in case of resolution: OTP Bank 
and NKBM Bank. 

Having regard to the acquisition of the Slovenian Nova KBM d.d. (NKBM) and its subsidiary (together NKBM 
Group)  in  February  2023,  the  SPE  (single  point  of  entry)  strategy  formerly  determined  for  OTP  Group  as  the 
preferred resolution  strategy has  been  altered  as  a  result of  the  update  of  the resolution  plan  in  October  2023.  
NKBM Group was considered by the resolution authorities financially and operationally independent from the rest 
of the OTP Group, therefore the MPE approach has been selected as the most suitable resolution strategy in respect 
of OTP Group. Nevertheless, the MPE resolution strategy will be reviewed in the next update of the group-level 
resolution plan and for this reason the resolution authorities monitor the degree of integration of the NKBM Group 
into the OTP Group as a result of the integration project.   

OTP  Bank’s  Resolution  Group  covers  entities  included  in the  prudential  scope  of  consolidation  of  OTP  Bank 
(without Ipoteka Bank and NKBM Bank and their subsidiaries) and NKBM Resolution Group covers Nova KBM 
and its subsidiary (Aleja d.o.o) which is equivalent to the prudential scope of consolidation. For both resolution 
groups the preferred resolution tool is the application of open-bank bail-in at the level of each of the resolution 
entities – OTP Bank Plc. and NKBM Group. 

Minimum requirement for own funds and eligible liabilities requirement of OTP Bank 

Pursuant to Section 62 (1) of the Resolution Act OTP Bank shall meet the minimum requirement for own funds 
and eligible liabilities (“MREL”) on a consolidated basis at the level of the resolution group. The NBH establishes 
and updates annually the MREL requirement on the basis of the Joint Decision of the Resolution College, which 
is operated jointly with the resolution authorities of OTP Bank’s subsidiaries. 

The  consolidated  MREL  requirement  of  OTP  Bank  applicable  in  2023  was  16.69%  of  the  total  risk  exposure 
amount  /  risk-weighted  assets  (“TREA”/”RWA”)  and  5.74%  of  the  total  exposure  measure  (“TEM”)  of  OTP 
Bank’s Resolution Group. The consolidated MREL ratio was 25.10% on 31 December 2023. From 1 January 2024, 
OTP Bank's consolidated MREL requirement is 18.94% of the TREA/RWA and 5.78% of the TEM of OTP Bank’s 
Resolution Group. Subordination requirements are applicable to OTP Bank from 16 December 2024 that are set 
at 13.5% of TREA/RWA, 5% of TEM and 8% of TLOF (total liabilities and own funds) of OTP Bank’s Resolution 
Group  which  shall  be  met  with  own  funds  and  subordinated  eligible  instruments.  OTP  Bank  shall  meet  the 
combined  buffer  requirement  in  addition  to  the  consolidated  MREL  RWA  requirement  /  MREL  RWA 
subordination requirement. 

OTP Bank’s Resolution Group consists of entities included in the prudential scope of consolidation of OTP Bank 
without NKBM and Ipoteka Bank and their subsidiaries.  

The  MREL requirement of NKBM  Resolution Group at consolidated level in 2023 was 20.88% of RWA, and 
5.90% of TEM of NKBM Group. The MREL requirement applicable from 1 January 2024 is 22.44% of RWA and 
5.90% of TEM of NKBM Group. No bank-specific subordination target has been set for NKBM Group. NKBM 
Group shall also meet the combined buffer requirement in addition to the consolidated MREL RWA requirement. 

Expected changes in 2024  

In 2024 SKB is expected to exit OTP’s resolution group and join that of NKBM by the planned legal merge of the 
two Slovenian banks. Furthermore, a decision is expected on Ipoteka Bank (acquired in June 2023) whether NBH 
will include it in the resolution group of OTP Bank based on Section 7 of the Resolution Act.  

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

564 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 38:  TRANSFER OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (in HUF mn) 

Financial assets transferred but not derecognized 

Transferred 
assets 

Associated 
liabilities 

Transferred 
assets 

Associated 
liabilities 

Carrying amount 
31/12/2023 

Carrying amount 
31/12/2022 

Financial assets at amortized cost 

Debt securities 
Loans and advances 

Total 

Total 

213,166 
8,785 
221,951 

197,315 
1,134 
198,449 

332,082 
3,534 
335,616 

282,227 
1,647 
283,874 

221,951 

198,449 

335,616 

283,874 

As at 31 December 2023 and 2022, respectively, the Group had an obligation from repurchase agreements (repo 
liability)  of  HUF  126,237  million  and  HUF  217,264  million  respectively.  Securities  sold  temporarily  under 
repurchase agreements will continue to be recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position of the 
Group in the appropriate securities category. The related liability is measured at amortized cost in the Consolidated 
Statement of Financial Position as “Amounts due to the National Governments, to the National Banks and other 
banks and repo liabilities”. 

Financial assets transferred, derecognized with continuing involvement 

Financial assets which would have been derecognized but would be represented the continuing involvement are 
not recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position as at 31 December 2023 or as at 31 December 
2022.   

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

565 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 39:  OFF-BALANCE SHEET ITEMS AND DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 

(in HUF mn) 

In the normal course of business, the Group becomes a party to various financial transactions that are not reflected 
on the Consolidated statement of financial position and are referred to as off-balance sheet financial instruments. 
The following represent notional amounts of these off-balance sheet financial instruments, unless stated otherwise. 

Contingent liabilities 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

Commitments to extend credit 
Guarantees arising from banking activities 
Factoring loan commitment 
Confirmed letters of credit 
Other 

Contingent liabilities and commitments total  

in accordance with IFRS 9 

Legal disputes (disputed value) 
Underwriting guarantees 
Other 

Contingent liabilities and commitments  

total in accordance with IAS 37 

Total 

Legal disputes 

4,784,943 
1,421,958 
460,455 
61,997 
410,796 

4,230,289 
1,413,017 
419,620 
53,557 
144,893 

7,140,149 

6,261,376 

88,750 
29,915 
2,990 

121,655 
7,261,804 

86,137 
1,397 
5,393 

92,927 
6,354,303 

At the balance sheet date, the Group was involved in various claims and legal proceedings of a nature considered 
normal to its business. The amount of these claims and legal proceedings corresponds to the amount of claims and 
legal proceedings in previous years.  

The Group believes that the various asserted claims and litigations in which it is involved will not materially affect 
its financial position, future operating results or cash-flows, although no assurance can be given with respect to 
the ultimate outcome of any such claim or litigation. Provisions due to legal disputes were HUF 39,351 million as 
at 31 December 2023 and HUF 37,043 million as at 31 December 2022, respectively. (See Note 24.) 

Commitments to extend credit, guarantees and letters of credit 

The primary purpose of these instruments is to ensure that funds are available to a customer as required. Guarantees 
and standby letters of credit, which represent irrevocable assurances that the Group will make payments in the 
event that a customer cannot meet its obligations to third parties, carry the same credit risk as loans.  

Documentary  and  commercial  letters  of  credit,  which  are  written  undertakings  by  the  Group  on  behalf  of  a 
customer authorising a third party to draw drafts on the Group up to a stipulated amount under specific terms and 
conditions, are collateralised by the underlying shipments of goods to which they relate and therefore carry less 
risk than a direct borrowing. 

Commitments to extend credit represent unused portions of authorisations to extend credit in the form of loans, 
guarantees or letters of credit. With respect to credit risk on commitments to extend credit, the Group is potentially 
exposed to loss in an amount equal to the total unused commitments. However, the likely amount of loss is less 
than  the  total  unused  commitments  since  most  commitments  to  extend  credit  are  contingent  upon  customers 
maintaining specific credit standards. 

Guarantees,  irrevocable  letters  of  credit  and  undrawn  loan  commitments  are  subject  to  similar  credit  risk 
monitoring and credit policies as utilised in the extension of loans. The Management of the Group believes the 
market risk associated with guarantees, irrevocable letters of credit and undrawn loan commitments are minimal. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

566 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 39:  OFF-BALANCE SHEET ITEMS AND DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (in 

HUF mn) [continued] 

Guarantees, payment undertakings arising from banking activities 

Payment undertaking is a promise   by the Group to assume responsibility for the debt obligation of a borrower if 
that borrower defaults until a determined amount, until a determined date, in case of fulfilling conditions, without 
checking the underlying transactions. The guarantee’s liability is joint and primary with the principal, in case of 
payment  undertaking,  while  the  Group  assumes  the  obligation  derived  from  guarantee  independently  by  the 
conditions established by the Group. A guarantee is most typically required when the ability of the primary obligor 
to perform its obligations under a contract is in question, or when there is some public or private interest which 
requires protection from the consequences of the principal's default or delinquency. 

A contract of guarantee is subject to the statute of frauds (or its equivalent local laws) which has maturity and is 
only enforceable if recorded in writing and signed by the surety and the principal. This means that if the beneficiary 
has not exercised his rights against the surety or guarantor by the deadline indicated, he automatically forfeits all 
his claims against the guarantor or surety. 
In the case of a simple surety, the beneficiary is obliged to seek recovery of the debt from the debtor, because as 
long as the debt is recoverable from the debtor, the guarantor can refuse to pay, whereas in the case of a cash 
surety, the beneficiary can also go to the guarantor immediately, there being no objection to enforcement. 

Derivatives 

The Group maintains strict control limits on net open derivative positions, that is the difference between purchase 
and sale contracts, regarding both the amount and the term. At any time the amount subject to credit risk is limited 
to the current fair value of instruments that are favourable to the Group (i.e. assets), which in relation to derivatives 
is only a small fraction of the contract or notional values used to express the volume of instruments outstanding. 
This credit risk exposure is managed as part of the overall lending limits with customers, together with potential 
exposures from market movements. Collateral or other security is not usually obtained for credit risk exposures 
on these instruments, except for trading with clients, where the Group in most of the cases requires margin deposits. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

567 

 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 40:  SHARE-BASED PAYMENTS AND EMPLOYEE BENEFITS (in HUF mn) 

The previously approved option program required a modification due to the introduction of the Bank Group Policy 
on Payments accepted in resolution of Annual General Meeting regarding to the amendment of CRD III. Directives 
and Act on Credit Institutions and Financial Enterprises. 
Key  management  personnel  affected  by  the  Bank  Group  Policy  receive  compensation  based  on  performance 
assessment generally in the form of cash bonus and equity shares in a ratio of 50-50%. Assignment is based on 
OTP  shares,  furthermore  performance-based  payments  are  deferred  in  accordance  with  the  rules  of  Credit 
Institutions Act.  
The Bank ensures the share-based payment part for the management personnel of the Group members. 
During  implementation  of  the  Remuneration  Policy  of  the  Group  appeared  that  in  case  of  certain  foreign 
subsidiaries it is not possible to ensure the originally determined share-based payment because of legal reasons – 
incompatible with relevant EU-directives –, therefore a decision was made to cancel the share-based payment in 
affected countries, and virtual share-based payment – cash payment fixed to share price - was made from 2017. In 
case of foreign subsidiaries virtual share-based payment was made uniformly from 2021 (in the case of payments 
related to 2021). 
The quantity of usable shares for individuals calculated for settlement of share-based payment shall be determined 
as the ratio of the amount of share-based payment and share price determined by Supervisory Board (until the end 
of 2014 by Board of Directors). 
The value of the share-based payment at the performance assessment is determined within 10 days by Supervisory 
Board based on the average of the three previous trade day’s middle rate of OTP Bank’s equity shares fixed on the 
Budapest Stock Exchange. 
At the same time the conditions of discounted share-based payment are determined, and share-based payment shall 
contain maximum HUF 6,000 discount at the assessment date, and earnings for the shares at the payment date is 
maximum HUF 12,000. Employee benefits are all forms of consideration given by an entity in exchange for service 
rendered  by  employees  or  for  the  termination  of  employment.  IAS  19  Employee  Benefits  shall  be  applied  in 
accounting for all employee benefits, except those to which IFRS 2 Share-based Payment applies.   

The parameters for the share-based payment relating to ongoing years 2018-2020 by the Supervisory Board for 
periods of each year as follows: 

Year  Share purchasing at 
a discounted price 

Share purchasing at 
a discounted price 

Price of 
remuneration 
exchanged to 
share 

Price of 
remuneration 
exchanged to 
share 

Exercise 
price  

Maximum 
earnings 

2019 
2020 
2021 
2022 
2023 
2024 
2025 
2026 
2027 

for the year 2018 
4,000  
4,000  
4,000  
4,000  
4,000  
4,000  
4,000  
-  
-  

10,413  
10,413  
10,413  
10,913  
10,913  
10,913  
10,913  
-  
-  

12,413  
12,413  
12,413  
12,413  
12,413  
12,413  
12,413  
-  
-  

Exercise 
price  

Maximum 
earnings 

HUF per share 
for the year 2019 

Share purchasing at 
a discounted price 

Exercise 
price  

Maximum 
earnings 

Price of 
remuneration 
exchanged to 
share 

for the year 2020 

- 
9,553  
9,553  
9,553  
9,553  
9,553  
9,553  
9,553  
-  

- 
4,000  
4,000  
4,000  
4,000  
4,000  
4,000  
4,000  
-  

- 
11,553  
11,553  
11,553  
11,553  
11,553  
11,553  
11,553  
-  

- 
-  
12,644  
12,644  
13,644  
13,644  
13,644  
13,644  
13,644  

- 
-  
9,000  
8,000  
8,000  
8,000  
8,000  
8,000  
8,000  

- 
-  
16,644  
16,644  
16,644  
16,644  
16,644  
16,644  
16,644  

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

568 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 40:  SHARE-BASED PAYMENTS AND EMPLOYEE BENEFITS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

The parameters for the share-based payment relating to ongoing years 2021-2022 by the Supervisory Board for 
periods of each year as follows: 

Year 

Share purchasing at 
a discounted price 

Share purchasing at 
a discounted price 

Price of 
remuneration 
exchanged to 
share 

Price of 
remuneration 
exchanged to 
share 

Exercise 
price  

Maximum 
earnings 

for the year 2021 
6,000  
7,000  
8,000  
9,000  
10,000  
10,000  
10,000  
-  

5,912  
6,912  
6,912  
6,912  
6,912  
6,912  
6,912  
-  

Exercise 
price  
HUF per share 

Maximum 
earnings 

for the year 2022 

8,912  
8,912  
8,912  
8,912  
8,912  
8,912  
8,912  
-  

- 
7,773  
8,773  
8,773  
8,773  
8,773  
8,773  
8,773  

- 
6,000  
7,000  
8,000  
9,000  
10,000  
10,000  
10,000  

- 
10,773  
10,773  
10,773  
10,773  
10,773  
10,773  
10,773  

2022 
2023 
2024 
2025 
2026 
2027 
2028 
2029 

1Parameters of benefits for year after 2021 due in 2029 only is applicable to foreign companies and for virtual benefits. 

Relevant factors considered during measurement of fair value related to share-based payment as follows: 

Year 

2017 
2018 
2019 
2020 
2021 
2022 
2023 

Year 

2017 
2018 
2019 
2020 
2021 
2022 
2023 

Reference 
price 

Assumed 
volatility 

Risk-free interest rate (HUF) 

1-year 

2-year 

3-year 

4-year 

5-year 

6-year 

7-year 

9,200  
10,064  
12,413  
11,553  
16,644  
8,912  
10,773  

21.30% 
26.00% 
19.20% 
33.60% 
28.60% 
42.60% 
33.30% 

0.10% 
0.20% 
0.20% 
0.60% 
1.00% 
7.10% 
13.20% 

0.50% 
0.60% 
0.70% 
0.40% 
1.60% 
7.90% 
9.20% 

0.70% 
1.00% 
0.90% 
0.50% 
1.80% 
7.60% 
8.20% 

1.00% 
1.30% 
1.10% 
0.60% 
1.90% 
7.30% 
7.70% 

1.30% 
1.60% 
1.30% 
0.80% 
2.00% 
7.10% 
7.30% 

1.30% 
1.90% 
1.40% 
0.90% 
2.10% 
7.00% 
7.10% 

1.30% 
2.10% 
1.60% 
1.00% 
2.10% 
6.90% 
6.90% 

1 -year 

2-year 

Expected dividends (HUF/Share) 
4-year 

5-year 

3-year 

6-year 

7-year 

Pricing model 

219  
219  
252  
219  
371  
452  
300  

219  
219  
290  
252  
321  
497  
330  

252  
219  
333  
290  
357  
547  
363  

290  
219  
383  
333  
393  
601  
399  

334  
219  
440  
383  
432  
661  
439  

384  
219  
507  
440  
475  
728  
483  

442  
219  
583  
507  
523  
800  
531  

Binomial 
Binomial 
Binomial 
Binomial 
Binomial 
Binomial 
Binomial 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

569 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 40:  SHARE-BASED PAYMENTS AND EMPLOYEE BENEFITS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

Based on parameters accepted by Supervisory Board relating to the year 2018 effective pieces are as follows as at 
31 December 2023: 

Share purchasing period  

started in 2019 

Remuneration exchanged to share  

provided in 2019 
Share purchasing period  

started in 2020 

Remuneration exchanged to share  

provided in 2020 
Share purchasing period  

started in 2021 

Remuneration exchanged to share  

provided in 2021 
Share purchasing period  

started in 2022 

Remuneration exchanged to share  

provided in 2022 
Share purchasing period  

started in 2023 

Remuneration exchanged to share  

provided in 2023 

Remuneration exchanged to share  

applying in 2024 

Remuneration exchanged to share  

applying in 2025 

Approved 
pieces of 
shares 

Exercised 
until 31 
December 
2023 

Weighted average 
share price at the date 
of exercise (in HUF) 

Expired 
pieces 

Exercisable 
as at 31 
December 
2023 

82,854  

82,854  

17,017  

17,017  

150,230  

150,230  

33,024  

33,024  

73,799  

73,799  

14,618  

14,618  

13,843  

11,829  

14,294  

11,897  

16,314  

16,468  

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

86,456  

77,425  

14,605  

9,031  

13,858  

13,858  

45,155  

45,155  

3,217  

3,217  

- 

- 

- 

- 

8,529  

14,736  

11,820  

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

-  

- 

-  

-  

864  

432  

Based on parameters accepted by Supervisory Board relating to the year 2019 effective pieces are as follows as at 
31 December 2023: 

Share purchasing period  

started in 2020 

Remuneration exchanged to share 

 provided in 2020 
Share purchasing period  

started in 2021 

Remuneration exchanged to share  

provided in 2021 
Share purchasing period  

started in 2022 

Remuneration exchanged to share  

provided in 2022 
Share purchasing period  

started in 2023 

Remuneration exchanged to share  

provided in 2023 
Share purchasing period  

starting in 2024 

Remuneration exchanged to share 

applying in 2024 

Remuneration exchanged to share  

applying in 2025 

Remuneration exchanged to share  

applying in 2026 

Approved 
pieces of 
shares 

Exercised 
until 31 
December 
2023 

Weighted average 
share price at the date 
of exercise (in HUF) 

Expired 
pieces 

Exercisable 
as at 31 
December 
2023 

91,403  

91,403  

22,806  

22,806  

201,273  

201,273  

30,834  

30,834  

12,218  

11,897  

16,298  

17,618  

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

-  

- 

107,760  

101,897  

13,771  

1,344  

4,519  

10,564  

10,564  

117,437  

114,063  

13,427  

13,427  

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

8,529  

13,893  

11,674  

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

3,374  

-  

44,421  

6,279  

1,000  

500  

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

570 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 40:  SHARE-BASED PAYMENTS AND EMPLOYEE BENEFITS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

Based on parameters accepted by Supervisory Board relating to the year 2020 effective pieces are as follows as at 
31 December 2023: 

Share purchasing period  

started in 2021 

Remuneration exchanged to share  

provided in 2021 
Share purchasing period  

started in 2022 

Remuneration exchanged to share  

provided in 2022 
Share purchasing period  

started in 2023 

Remuneration exchanged to share  

provided in 2023 
Share purchasing period  

starting in 2024 

Remuneration exchanged to share  

applying in 2024 
Share purchasing period  

starting in 2025 

Remuneration exchanged to share  

applying in 2025 

Remuneration exchanged to share  

applying in 2026 

Remuneration exchanged to share  

applying in 2027 

Approved 
pieces of 
shares 

Exercised 
until 31 
December 
2023 

Weighted average 
share price at the date 
of exercise (in HUF) 

Expired 
pieces 

41,098 

14,142 

17,997 

26,956 

17,881 

17,881 

17,498 

- 

Exercisable 
as at 31 
December 
2023 

- 

- 

83,688 

3,536 

14,193 

1,288 

78,864 

15,232 

15,111 

8,529 

121 

- 

47,275 

- 

8,562 

8,562 

- 

11,659 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

47,275 

- 

51,002 

9,518 

13,080 

3,443 

680 

680 

Based on parameters accepted by Supervisory Board relating to the year 2021 effective pieces are as follows as at 
31 December 2023: 

Approved 
pieces of 
shares 

Exercised 
until 31 
December 
2023 

Weighted average 
share price at the date 
of exercise (in HUF) 

Expired 
pieces 

Exercisable 
as at 31 
December 
2023 

Share purchasing period  

started in 2022 

Remuneration exchanged to share  

provided in 2022 
Share purchasing period  

started in 2023 

Remuneration exchanged to share  

provided in 2023 
Share purchasing period  

starting in 2024 

Remuneration exchanged to share  

applying in 2024 
Share purchasing period  

starting in 2025 

Remuneration exchanged to share  

applying in 2025 
Share purchasing period  

starting in 2026 

Remuneration exchanged to share 

applying in 2026 
Share purchasing period  

starting in 2027 

Remuneration exchanged to share 

applying in 2027 

60,018 

59,776 

10,122 

242 

11,028 

11,028 

117,276 

117,276 

10,824 

10,824 

8,691 

13,672 

11,534 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

50,771 

4,942 

54,262 

4,942 

58,155 

4,942 

25,305 

631 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

571 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 40:  SHARE-BASED PAYMENTS AND EMPLOYEE BENEFITS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

Based on parameters accepted by Supervisory Board relating to the year 2022 effective pieces are as follows as at 
31 December 2023: 

Approved 
pieces of 
shares 

Exercised 
until 31 
December 
2023 

Weighted average 
share price at the date 
of exercise (in HUF) 

Expired 
pieces 

Exercisable 
as at 31 
December 
2023 

Share purchasing period  

started in 2023 

Remuneration exchanged to share  

provided in 2023 
Share purchasing period  

starting in 2024 

Remuneration exchanged to share  

applying in 2024 
Share purchasing period  

starting in 2025 

Remuneration exchanged to share  

applying in 2025 
Share purchasing period  

starting in 2026 

Remuneration exchanged to share 

applying in 2026 
Share purchasing period  

starting in 2027 

Remuneration exchanged to share 

applying in 2027 
Share purchasing period  

starting in 2028 

Remuneration exchanged to share 

applying in 2028 

57,412 

57,364 

8,726 

8,590 

13,484 

11,629 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

48 

136 

103,450 

8,494 

42,814 

3,993 

43,714 

3,993 

44,701 

3,993 

19,756 

- 

Effective pieces relating to the periods starting in 2024-2028 settled during valuation of performance of year 2019-
2022, can be modified based on risk assessment and personal changes.  

In connection with the share-based compensation for Board of  Directors and connecting compensation, shares 
given as a part of payments detailed above and for the year 2023 based on performance assessment accounted as 
equity-settled share-based transactions, HUF 3,292 million and HUF 2,948 million was recognized as expense for 
the year ended 31 December 2023 and 2022, respectively. 

Defined benefit plan 

Defined  benefit  plan is post‑employment  benefit  plans other  than defined  contribution  plan.  The  Group's  net 
obligation  is  calculated  by  estimating  the  amount  of  employee's  future  benefit based  on  their  servicies  for  the 
current and prior periods. The future value of benefit is being discounted to present value. 

The Group has small number of plans and mainly in Bulgaria, Serbia, Montenegro, Croatia and Slovenia. These 
plans are providing retirement benefits upon pension age as lump-sum payment based either on fixed amounts or 
certain months of salary. 
These plans are unfunded consequently there are no significant plan assets associated with these plans. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

572 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 40:  SHARE-BASED PAYMENTS AND EMPLOYEE BENEFITS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

Defined benefit plan [continued] 

The movements of defined benefit obligation can be summarized as follows: 

Balance as at 1 January 
Increase due to acquisition 
Current service cost 
Interest cost 
Actuarial gains from changes in demographic assumptions 
Actuarial loss / (gains) from changes in financial assumptions 
Benefits paid 
Past service cost 
Other decreases 
Revaluation difference 
Closing balance 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

4,728 
1,621 
369 
322 
(497) 
844 
(279) 
- 
(322) 
(202) 
6,584 

5,264 
- 
432 
105 
(110) 
(1,179) 
(271) 
47 
(19) 
459 
4,728 

Amounts recognized in profit and loss 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

Current service cost 
Net interest expense 
Past service cost 
Actuarial losses / (gains) 
Other income 
Total 

369 
322 
- 
11 
(340) 
362 

432 
105 
47 
(288) 
(129) 
167 

Maturity analysis of the present value of defined  

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

benefit obligations 

Within one year 
Within 5 years and over one year 
Within 10 years and over 5 years 
Over 10 years 
Total present value 

Actuarial assumptions 

Discount rate 

Future salary increases 

609 
2,015 
2,107 
1,853 
6,584 

575 
1,285 
1,470 
1,398 
4,728 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

2.88% - 6.25% 

1.80% - 6.00% 

1.28% - 8.50% 

0.75% - 8.00% 

Since plan asset is not recognized in the Consolidated Financial Statements, the effect of the asset ceiling, the 
effect of changes in foreign exchange rates and the return on plan assets, excluding amounts included in interest 
accounts are also not recognized and therefore not presented.  

OTP Group made an insignificant amount of contribution to the defined benefit plans during the year ended 31 
December 2023 and 2022, respectively.

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

573 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 41:  RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (in HUF mn) 

The compensation of key management personnel, such as the members of the Board of Directors, members of the 
Supervisory Board, key employees of the Bank and its major subsidiaries involved in the decision-making process 
in  accordance  with  the  compensation  categories  defined  in  IAS  24  Related  Party  Disclosures,  is  summarised 
below: 

Compensations 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

Short-term employee benefits 
Share-based payment 
Other long-term employee benefits 
Termination benefits 
Post-employment benefits 
Total 

9,974 
2,173 
556 
126 
- 
12,829 

9,020 
2,632 
474 
293 
1 
12,420 

Share based compensations to the members of the Board of Directors, Supervisory Board or key employees of the 
Bank and its major subsidiaries are detailed in Note 40 Share-based payments. 

An analysis of payment to executives of the Group related to their activity in Board of Directors and Supervisory 
Board is as follows: 

Members of Board of Directors 
Members of Supervisory Board 
Total 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

3,225 
432 
3,657 

2,539 
348 
2,887 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

574 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 41:  RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

Connections with related party (key management personnel and their close family member and companies) by which line of the consolidated statement of financial position and 
off-balance sheet is presented: 

Assets 

Securities (net value) 
Fair value adjustment of  

Other related 
parties 

Associated 
companies 

Other 
companies 

Total 

Other related 
parties 

Associated 
companies 

Other 
companies 

Total 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

608 

52 

- 

660 

601 

- 

- 

601 

derivative financial instruments 
Loans at amortized cost (net value)  
Finance lease receivable (net value) 
Loans mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss 
Total assets 

- 
70,091 
- 
200 
70,899 

164 
22,048 
47 
1,711 
24,022 

- 
2,459 
- 
- 
2,459 

164 
94,598 
47 
1,911 
97,380 

- 
75,704 
- 
164 
76,469 

- 
23,554 
22 
- 
23,576 

- 
4,067 
- 
- 
4,067 

- 
103,325 
22 
164 
104,112 

Liabilities 

Deposits from customers and loan liabilities 
Fair value adjustment of  

derivative financial instruments 

Total liabilities 

87,857 

22,042 

1,373 

111,272 

54,002 

12,490 

2,104 

68,596 

- 
87,857 

- 
22,042 

- 
1,373 

- 
111,272 

- 
54,002 

46 
12,536 

- 
2,104 

46 
68,642 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

575 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 41:  RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

Connections with related party (key management personnel and their close family member and companies) by which line of the consolidated statement of financial position and 
off-balance sheet is presented [continued]: 

Off-balance sheet items 

Undrawn line of credit  
Bank Guarantee 
Commitments and guarantees given 
Total off-balance sheet items 

Other 
related 
parties 

64,900 
11,080 
40 
76,020 

31/12/2023 

Associated 
companies 

Other 
companies 

Total 

50 
1,914 
- 
1,964 

1,910 
2,491 
- 
4,401 

66,860 
15,485 
40 
82,385 

Other 
related 
parties 

47,522 
8,455 
24 
56,001 

31/12/2022 

Associated 
companies 

Other 
companies 

Total 

322 
- 
- 
322 

2,209 
2,652 
- 
4,861 

50,053 
11,107 
24 
61,184 

Statement of profit or loss  

(turnover during the current period) 

Interest income 
Fees and commissions 
Interest expense 
Fees and commission expenses 
Loss allowance / Provision 

on loans, placements, for commitments and guarantees given 

Operational costs 
Net income from sale of assets  

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

2,448 
164 
(514) 
(2,094) 

(86) 
(4,093) 
- 

860 
117 
(243) 
(7) 

(29) 
(1,852) 
- 

In the normal course of business, the Bank enters into other transactions with its unconsolidated subsidiaries of the Group, the amounts and volumes of which are not significant 
to these Consolidated Financial Statements taken as a whole. Related party transactions were made on terms equivalent to those that prevail in arm’s length transactions and 
such terms can be substantiated. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

576 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 42:  ACQUISITION (in HUF mn) 

Acquisition and consolidation of subsidiaries 

On  6  December  2021  OTP  Bank  signed  an  acquisition  agreement  with  Alpha  International  Holdings  Single 
Member S.A. on purchasing 100% shareholding of Alpha Bank SH.A., the Albanian subsidiary of the Greek Alpha 
Bank S.A. The purchase price has been agreed at EUR 55 million. The financial closing of the transaction was 
completed on 18 July 2022. 
The Seller shall, on an after-tax basis, indemnify and keep indemnified OTP Bank (the Purchaser) against all losses 
suffered or incurred by it arising directly out of two lawsuits. The aggregate liability of the Seller for all indemnity 
claims shall not exceed three million euros. 
The  Seller  made  a  strategic decision  to  dispose  of  its  Albanian  subsidiary.  Purchasing  an  entity  with  negative 
goodwill is reasoned by altogether the expected cost synergies arising from the market situation in Albania. 

In  line  with  the  sale  and  purchase  agreement  (two-step  structure  of  purchase  agreement)  concluded  on  12 
December 2022 between OTP Bank and the Ministry of Economy and Finance of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the 
first step of the Ipoteka Bank acquisition was completed on 13 June 2023. Consequently, OTP Bank became the 
majority shareholder of Ipoteka Bank by acquiring a 73.71% stake and became indirect shareholder of Ipoteka 
Bank’s wholly-owned subsidiaries. In the second step of the transaction, the shares that remained in the ownership 
of the Ministry will be bought three years after the first step by purchasing further 25% of the shares owned by the 
seller. On the basis of contractual conditions, different purchase price modifying factors can modify the second 
instalment of the purchase price. In this regard, the amount of HUF 15,757 million compensation assets presented 
in the consolidated financial statement, which comes from the fact that the former owners of the acquired company 
are contractually indemnifying the acquiring OTP Bank due to the acquired uncertainties. 
As  a  result  of  the  acquisition,  OTP  Group  entered  the  Central  Asian  region,  and  is  the  first  foreign  bank  to 
participate in the privatization of the Uzbek banking sector. 

On 31 May 2021, OTP Bank signed a share sale and purchase agreement on purchasing 100% shareholding of 
OTP Luxembourg S.a.r.l. and its subsidiaries - Nova KBM d.d. and Aleja Finance d.o.o., (hereinafter “NKBM 
group”) which are 80% owned by funds managed by affiliates of Apollo Global Management, Inc. and 20% by 
EBRD. The financial closing of the transaction took place on 6 February 2023, after obtaining all the  necessary 
regulatory approvals. The acquisition of the bank is the most significant acquisition in the history of OTP Group. 

The  integration  process  of  the  two  Slovenian  subsidiaries,  SKB  banka  purchased  in  2019  and  Nova  KBM  is 
expected to be completed in 2024. The new bank will be the largest foreign subsidiary of OTP Group. 

On 27 September, 2023, Aranykalász Group became with 100% ownership the member of OTP Group through 
Portfolion Zöld Magántőkealap. Aranykalász Group contains Aranykalász 1955. Mezőgazdasági Ltd., Aranymező 
2001. Mezőgazdasági Ltd., Agromag-Plusz Mezőgazdasági Ltd. 

On 7 November 2023, Szekszárd Group engaged in agricultural activities became 100% owned by OTP Group 
through  Portfolion  Zöld  Magántőkealap.  Szekszárd  Group contains  Szekszárdi  Mezőgazdasági  Plc.  and  Szajki 
Mezőgazdasági Plc. 

On 10 October 2022 OTP Fund Management Company and OTP banka Srbija a.d. signed a share sale and purchase 
agreement on purchasing 100% shareholding of Ilirika DZU AD Beograd, a Serbian asset management company, 
with  the  Slovenian  companies  Ilirika  Fintrade  d.o.o.,  Ilirika  svetovanje  d.o.o.  and  Ilirika  d.d.  The  ownership 
proportion is 75 – 25%, de total consideration for the purchase of the shares was 93,8 million RSD. The financial 
closing of the transaction took place on 11 July 2023.  
In October 2023 the Subsidiary changed its name to OTP Invest AD Beograd. Through this acquisition OTP Group 
entered the Serbian asset management market with only a few market competitors. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

577 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

NOTE 42:  ACQUISITION (in HUF mn) [continued] 

The fair value of the assets and liabilities acquired is as follows [continued]: 

The fair value of the assets and liabilities acquired is as follows: 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

JSCMB 
'Ipoteka 
Bank' (June 
2023) 

NKBM group 
(February 2023) 

Aranykalasz 
group (August 
2023) 

Szekszard 
group 
(November 
2023) 

OTP Invest 
(July 2023) 

Total (2023) 

Alpha Bank 
SH.A. (July 
2022) 

Cash amounts and due from banks and 
balances with the National Banks 

Placements with other banks, repo receivables 
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss 
Securities at fair value through other comprehensive income 
Loans at amortized cost 
Loans mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss 
Associates and other investments 
Securities at amortized cost 
Property and equipment 
Intangible assets 
Right-of-use assets 
Investment properties 
Derivative financial assets designated as hedge accounting 

Other assets 
Total assets 

(98,886) 
(50,298) 
- 
(154) 
(875,037) 
- 
(981) 
(136,267) 
(27,187) 
(1,200) 
(1,920) 
- 
- 

(31,533) 
(1,223,463) 

(887,441) 
(11,605) 
(11,167) 
(136,612) 
(2,037,656) 
- 
(4,891) 
(788,383) 
(20,199) 
(17,171) 
(1,941) 
(9,910) 
(1,842) 

(50,941) 
(3,979,759) 

(925) 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
(12) 
- 
(2,852) 
- 
- 
- 
- 

(585) 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
(2,279) 
- 
(1,434) 
(3) 
- 
- 
- 

(11,294) 
(15,083) 

(10,502) 
(14,803) 

(57) 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
(1) 
(110) 
- 
- 
- 

(6) 
(174) 

(987,894) 
(61,903) 
(11,167) 
(136,766) 
(2,912,693) 
- 
(8,163) 
(924,650) 
(51,673) 
(18,484) 
(3,861) 
(9,910) 
(1,842) 

(104,276) 
(5,233,282) 

(58,880) 
(26,500) 
- 
(46,003) 
(101,642) 
- 
- 
(3,038) 
(1,063) 
(1,391) 
(3,209) 
- 
- 
(6,852) 

(248,579) 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

578 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

NOTE 42:  ACQUISITION (in HUF mn) [continued] 

The fair value of the assets and liabilities acquired is as follows [continued]: 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

Amounts due to the banks, the National Governments, deposits 
from the National Banks and other banks and repo liabilities 

Deposits from customers 
Liabilities from issued securities 
Derivative financial liabilities held for trading 
Derivative financial liabilities designated as hedge accounting 
Leasing liabilities 
Other liabilities 

Subordinated bonds and loans 

Total liabilities 
Net assets 

JSCMB 
'Ipoteka 
Bank' (June 
2023) 

NKBM group 
(February 2023) 

Aranykalasz 
group (August 
2023) 

Szekszard 
group 
(November 
2023) 

OTP Invest 
(July 2023) 

Total (2023) 

Alpha Bank 
SH.A. (July 
2022) 

571,792 
309,898 
118,897 
- 
- 
- 
27,681 

12,098 

1,040,366 
(183,097) 

69,398 
3,250,141 
169,071 
- 
2,982 
1,967 
51,157 

32,916 

3,577,632 
(402,127) 

300 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
1,415 

- 

990 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
768 

- 

1,715 
(13,368) 

1,758 
(13,045) 

- 
188 
- 
- 
- 
- 
7 

- 

195 
21 

642,480 
3,560,227 
287,968 
- 
2,982 
1,967 
81,028 

45,014 

4,621,666 
(611,616) 

1,969 
213,400 
- 
- 
- 
3,346 
6,089 
- 

224,804 

(23,775) 

JSCMB 
'Ipoteka 
Bank' (June 
2023) 

NKBM group 
(February 2023) 

Aranykalasz 
group (August 
2023) 

Szekszard 
group 
(November 
2023) 

OTP Invest 
(July 2023) 

Total (2023) 

Alpha Bank 
SH.A. (July 
2022) 

Net assets total 
Non-controlling interest1 
Negative goodwill / (Goodwill) 
Net cash  

Cash acquired on purchase 
Net cash paid for acquisition 

Purchase price - part one 

Purchase price - part two 
Total 

(183,097) 
3,149 

93,891 
(86,057) 

98,886 
12,829 

(83,347) 

(2,710) 
(86,057) 

1Non-controlling interest was measured at its proportionate share of net assets of the acquiree. 

(402,127) 
- 

104,470 
(297,657) 

887,441 
589,784 

(13,368) 
- 

- 
(13,368) 

925 
(12,443) 

(13,045) 
- 

- 
(13,045) 

585 
(12,460) 

21 
- 

(324) 
(303) 

57 
(246) 

(611,616) 
3,149 

198,037 
(410,430) 

987,894 
577,464 

(23,775) 
- 
3,784 

(19,991) 

58,880 

38,889 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

579 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 42:  ACQUISITION (in HUF mn) [continued] 

The fair value of the assets and liabilities acquired is as follows [continued]: 

Breakdown of the acquired entity’s income, profit / loss from the date of the acquisition: 

JSCMB 'Ipoteka Bank'  
NKBM group 
Aranykalász group 
Szekszárd group 
OTP Invest 
Total 

Interest income 

Net result 

96,490 
156,314 
- 
- 
1 
252,805 

(52,760) 
77,804 
- 
- 
(37) 
25,007 

One-off 
expense2 

(40,060) 
(10,010) 
- 
- 
- 
(50,070) 

2The net result was decreased by the loss allowance on loans in accordance with IFRS 9 after the first day of the acquisition (Day 1). 

Breakdown of the acquired entity’s income, profit / loss if the Group would have acquired from the beginning of 
year 2023: 

JSCMB 'Ipoteka Bank'  
NKBM group 
Aranykalász group 
Szekszárd group 
OTP Invest 
Total 

Interest income 

Net result 

175,815 
166,772 
- 
- 
2 
342,589 

(70,215) 
79,338 
1,607 
2,904 
(89) 
13,545 

One-off 
expense2 

(40,060) 
(10,010) 
- 
- 
- 
(50,070) 

2The net result was decreased by the loss allowance on loans in accordance with IFRS 9 after the first day of the acquisition (Day 1). 

With the acquisition the following shares were purchased: 

JSCMB 'Ipoteka Bank'  
JSCMB 'Ipoteka Bank'  
Ipoteka Leasing LLC 
IMKON Sugurta JSC 
Mortgage refinancing Company of 
Uzbekistan 
OTP Luxembourg s.á.r.l. 
Nova Kreditna Banka Maribor d.d. 
Telekom Slovenije, d.d. 
Elektro Maribor d.d. 
Pivka Perutninarstvo d.d. 
Skupina Prva, Zavarovalniški Holding, d.d. 
Sava d.d. 
VISA Inc. C 
VISA Inc. A 
Bodočnost Maribor d.o.o. 
Sklad Za Reševanje Bank 
SWIFT SCRL La Hulpe, Belgija 
Bankart d.o.o. 
Aleja Finance d.o.o. 

Number of shares 

Type 

Voting rights 

2,203,591,374,374 
59,197,658 
60,000,000,000 
45,000,000,000 

Common stock 
Preferred dividend 
Common stock 
Business share 

73.7090% 
0.0020% 
100.00% 
100.00% 

20,000,000 
2,771,440 
10,000,000 
11,938 
76,715 
486 
4,764 
496,851 
3,688 
369 
1 
50,003,264 
32 
584,424 
500,000 

Common stock 
Business share 
Common stock 
Common stock 
Common stock 
Common stock 
Preferred dividend 
Common stock 
Preferred dividend 
Preferred dividend 
Business share 
Business share 
Business share 
Business share 
Business share 

20.00% 
100.00% 
100.00% 
0.18% 
0.23% 
0.04% 
2.35% 
1.71% 
0.00% 
0.00% 
1.00% 
26.17% 
0.03% 
29.22% 
100.00% 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

580 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 42:  ACQUISITION (in HUF mn) [continued] 

With the acquisition the following shares were purchased [continued]: 

Number of shares 

Type 

Voting rights 

Aranykalász 1955. Mezőgazdasági Ltd. 
Dél-borsodi Gazdák Ltd. 
"Egertej" Ltd.  
Aranymező 2001. Mezőgazdasági Ltd. 
Agromag-Plusz Mezőgazdasági Ltd. 
Szekszárdi Mezőgazdasági Plc. 
Szajki Mezőgazdasági Plc. 
Újberek Ltd. 
Sióvölgye Ltd. 
Orbánhegyi Szőlőbirtok Limited partnership 
Szekszárdi Liszt Pincészet Ltd. 
Iphygénia Ltd. 
ZA-Gamma Agro Ltd. 
GM Agrár Ltd. 
Szajkmenti Gazda Limited partnership 
Sióparti Gazda Limited partnership 
OTP invest AD Beograd 

41,670,000 
3,703,260 
4,274,600 
2,250,000 
28,650,000 

Business share 
Business share 
Business share 
Business share 
Business share 
52  Common stock 
659,859  Common stock 
Business share 
Business share 
Business share 
Business share 
Business share 
Business share 
Business share 
Business share 
Business share 
177,032  Common stock 

4,800,000 
156,580,000 
25,000 
30,000,000 
51,000,000 
2,250,000 
3,000,000 
95,000 
5,000 

100.00% 
40.82% 
28.12% 
100.00% 
98.34% 
100.00% 
100.00% 
100.00% 
100.00% 
76.92% 
100.00% 
100.00% 
99.00% 
100.00% 
100.00% 
87.50% 
100.00% 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

581 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

I.  NOTE 43:  SIGNIFICANT SUBSIDIARIES AND ASSOCIATES (in HUF mn) 

Investments in companies in which the Bank has a controlling interest are detailed below. They are fully consolidated companies and incorporated in Hungary unless otherwise 
stated.  

Significant subsidiaries 

Name 

DSK Bank AD (Bulgaria) 
OTP Bank JSC (Ukraine) 
JSC “OTP Bank” (Russia) 
OTP banka d.d. (Croatia) 
OTP Bank Romania S.A. (Romania) 
OTP banka Srbija a.d. Novi Sad (Serbia) 
Crnogorska komercijalna banka a.d. (Montenegro) 
Banka OTP Albania SH.A. (Albania) 
OTP Bank S.A. (Moldova) 
SKB Banka d.d. Ljubljana (Slovenia) 
Nova Kreditna Banka Maribor d.d. (Slovenia) 
JSCMB 'Ipoteka Bank' (Uzbekistan) 
OTP Financing Malta Company Ltd. (Malta) 
OTP Holding Ltd. (Cyprus)  
OTP Factoring Ltd. 
OTP Mortgage Bank Ltd. 
OTP Real Estate Ltd. 
Merkantil Bank Ltd. 
OTP Building Society Ltd. 
OTP Fund Management Ltd. 
Bank Center No. 1. Ltd. 
Inga Kettő Ltd. 
OTP Funds Servicing and Consulting Ltd. 
OTP Real Estate Leasing Ltd.  

Ownership (Direct and 
Indirect) 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

Activity 

99.92% 
100.00% 
97.92% 
100.00% 
100.00% 
100.00% 
100.00% 
100.00% 
98.26% 
100.00% 
100.00% 
79.58% 
100.00% 
100.00% 
100.00% 
100.00% 
100.00% 
100.00% 
100.00% 
100.00% 
100.00% 
100.00% 
100.00% 
100.00% 

99.92% 
100.00% 
97.92% 
100.00% 
100.00% 
100.00% 
100.00% 
100.00% 
98.26% 
100.00% 
- 
- 
100.00% 
100.00% 
100.00% 
100.00% 
100.00% 
100.00% 
100.00% 
100.00% 
100.00% 
100.00% 
100.00% 
100.00% 

commercial banking services 
commercial banking services 
commercial banking services 
commercial banking services 
commercial banking services 
commercial banking services 
commercial banking services 
commercial banking services 
commercial banking services 
commercial banking services 
commercial banking services 
commercial banking services 
refinancing activities  
refinancing activities 
work-out 
mortgage lending 
real estate management and development 
finance lease  
housing savings and loan  
fund management 
real estate lease 
property management 
fund services 
real estate leasing 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

582 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 43:  SIGNIFICANT SUBSIDIARIES AND ASSOCIATES (in HUF mn) [continued] 

Significant associates and joint ventures 

Summarized financial and non-financial information of associates which are accounted according to IAS 28 and in line with IFRS 9 as at 31 December 2023 is as follows: 

List of associated entities  

Carrying 
amount 

Ownership of 
OTP Bank 

Profit after tax 

Country / Headquarter 

Activity 

Edrone spółka z ograniczoną 
 odpowiedzialnością 

NovaKid Inc. 
Banzai Cloud Closed Co. Plc 
CodeCool Ltd 
Pepita.hu Closed Co. Plc 
Seon Holdings Ltd 
VCC Live Group Closed Co. Plc 
Cursor Insight Ltd 
OneSoil Ag. 
Packhelp Spółka Akcyjna 

Phoenix Play Invest Closed Co. Plc 
Algorithmiq Invest Closed Co. Plc 
Deligo Vision Technologies Ltd 
Shopper Park Plus Closed Co. Plc.1 
New Frontier Technology Invest SARL 
Mindgram sp. z.o.o 
Tine Limited 
Renewabl Ltd. 
Giganci Programowania sp. z.o.o. 
FlowX.Ai., Inc 
Commsignia Inc. 

Deskbird AG 
Subtotal (Investments through funds) 
OTP Risk Fund I. 
OTP-DayOne Magvető Fund 
D-ÉG Thermoset Ltd 'u.l.' 

Company for Cash Services AD  

Fabetker Ltd 
NGY Propertiers Investment SRL 
Fintech CEE Software Invest Ltd 
Bankart Procesiranje Placilnih Instrumentov d.o.o. 
Mortgage refinancing Company of Uzbekistan 
Dél-borsodi Gazdák Ltd. 
"Egertej"Ltd.  
Orbánhegyi Szőlőbirtok 
Subtotal 
Total 
1Previously known as: GRADUW Invest Closed Co. Plc 

848 
2,009 
4 
1,310 
2,679 
8,070 
1,632 
73 
6 
899 

6,368 
5,185 
302 
5,237 
3,624 
206 
- 
102 
514 
2,252 
1,763 

1,079 
44,162 
611 
280 
- 

392 

3 
11,637 
408 
7,219 
1,030 
4 
8 
- 
21,592 
65,754 

23.54% 
4.07% 
17.42% 
7.26% 
38.75% 
19.26% 
24.72% 
6.75% 
3.72% 
3.14% 

21.68% 
21.68% 
8.70% 
2.80% 
14.00% 
2.38% 
0.00% 
5.01% 
5.03% 
9.50% 
3.17% 

8.46% 

44.12% 
22.00% 
46.99% 

25.00% 

20.00% 
14.54% 
20.04% 
43.06% 
20.00% 
40.92% 
28.12% 
25.00% 

(342) 
(231) 
267 
(731) 
(580) 
(1,210) 
(220) 
(51) 
(819) 
(2,725) 

151 
(8,907) 
(215) 
3,175 
103 
(1,083) 
(1,086) 
(269) 
(149) 
(1,786) 
(1,438) 

Poland / Krakow 
USA / San Francisco 
Hungary /Budapest 
Hungary /Budapest 
Hungary / Szeghalom 
UK / London 
Hungary /Budapest 
UK / London 
Switzerland / Zurich 
Poland / Warsaw 

Hungary /Budapest 
Hungary /Budapest 
Hungary /Budapest 
Hungary /Budapest 
Luxemburg / Luxembourg 
Poland / Warsaw 
Great Britain / London 
Great Britain / London 
Poland / Warsaw 
USA / Camano Park 
USA / Santa Clara 

(1,944) 
(20,090) 
158 
308 
n.a. 

St. Gallen / Switzerland 

Hungary /Budapest 
Hungary /Budapest 
Hungary / Dunaújváros 

337 

Bulgaria / Sofia 

Computer programming activities 
Online kids English learning platform operator  
Computer programming activities 
Other education 
Retail sale via mail order houses or via Internet 
Computer programming activities 
Computer programming activities 
Computer programming activities 
Computer programming activities 
Manufacture of corrugated paper and paperboard 
 and of containers of paper and paperboard 

Activities of holding companies 
Activities of holding companies 
Other information service activities 
Sale and purchase of own real estate 
Activities of holding companies 
Other human health activities 
Child day-care services 
Other information technology services 
Other education 
Computer programming activities 
Retail sale of computers, peripheral units and  

software in specialized stores 
Computer programming activities 

Trusts, funds and similar financial entities 
Trusts, funds and similar financial entities 
Wholesale of hardware, plumbing and  
heating equipment and supplies 
Other financial service activities,  

except insurance and pension funding 

Hungary / Nádudvar 
Romania / Bucharest 
Hungary /Budapest 
Ljubjana / Slovenia 
Tashkent / Uzbekistan 
Hungary / Mezőkeresztes 
Hungary / Eger 
Hungary / Budapest 

Manufacture of concrete products for construction purposes 
Renting and operating of own or leased real estate 
Activities of holding companies 
Data processing, web hosting services 
Refinancing mortgage loans 
Wholesale of grain, tobacco, seeds and animal feeds. 
Manufacture of dairy products. 
Viticulture 

119 
6,903 
(7) 
(1,733) 
(615) 
(4) 
78 
28 
5,572 
(14,518) 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

583 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 43:  SIGNIFICANT SUBSIDIARIES AND ASSOCIATES (in HUF mn) [continued] 

Significant associates and joint ventures [continued] 

Summarized financial and non-financial information of associates which are accounted according to IAS 28 and in line with IFRS 9 as at 31 December 2022 is as follows: 

List of associated entities  

Carrying 
amount 

Ownership of 
OTP Bank 

Profit after tax 

Country / Headquarter 

Activity 

Edrone spółka z ograniczoną 
 odpowiedzialnością 

NovaKid Inc. 
Banzai Cloud Closed Co. Plc 
CodeCool Ltd 
Pepita.hu Closed Co. Plc 
Seon Holdings Ltd 
VCC Live Group Closed Co. Plc 
Cursor Insight Ltd 
OneSoil Ag. 
Packhelp Spółka Akcyjna 

Phoenix Play Invest closed Co. Plc 
Algorithmiq Invest Closed Co. Plc 
Deligo Vision Technologies Ltd 
GRADUW Invest Closed Co. Plc 
SEH-Partner Ltd 
New Frontier Technology Invest SARL 
Mindgram sp. z.o.o 
Subtotal (Investments through funds) 
OTP Risk Fund I. 
OTP-DayOne Magvető Fund 
D-ÉG Thermoset Ltd 'u.l.' 

Company for Cash Services AD  

Fabetker Ltd 
NGY Propertiers Investment SRL 
Simonyi út 20. Ingatlanhasznosító Ltd 
Fintech CEE Software Invest Ltd 
Subtotal 
Total 

822 
1,723 
216 
1,323 
1,323 
8,689 
1,308 
75 
362 
1,168 

2,350 
8,195 
205 
4,803 
6,403 
3,393 
200 
42,558 
520 
683 
- 

392 

1 
11,735 
90 
127 
13,548 
56,106 

23.54% 
4.07% 
17.42% 
20.15% 
40.00% 
19.26% 
24.75% 
6.75% 
3.72% 
3.15% 

21.69% 
21.69% 
2.50% 
3.81% 
30.56% 
14.01% 
2.38% 

44.12% 
22.00% 
46.99% 

25.00% 

20.48% 
14.54% 
47.62% 
20.04% 

Poland / Krakow 
USA / San Francisco 
Hungary /Budapest 
Hungary /Budapest 
Hungary / Szeghalom 
UK / London 
Hungary /Budapest 
UK / London 
Switzerland / Zurich 
Poland / Warsaw 

Computer programming activities 
Online kids English learning platform operator  
Computer programming activities 
Other education 
Retail sale via mail order houses or via Internet 
Computer programming activities 
Computer programming activities 
Computer programming activities 
Computer programming activities 
Manufacture of corrugated paper and paperboard 
 and of containers of paper and paperboard 

Hungary /Budapest 
Hungary /Budapest 
Hungary /Budapest 
Hungary /Budapest 
Hungary /Budapest 
Luxemburg / Luxembourg 
Poland / Warsaw 

Activities of holding companies 
Activities of holding companies 
Other information service activities 
Sale and purchase of own real estate 
Activities of holding companies 
Activities of holding companies 
Other human health activities 

(516) 
(5,409) 
267 
1 
(157) 
(3) 
(226) 
n.a. 
(514) 
(3,385) 

(1) 
792 
(15) 
131 
n.a. 
n.a. 
(328) 
(9,363) 
(52) 
13 
- 

Hungary /Budapest 
Hungary /Budapest 
Hungary / Dunaújváros 

183 

Bulgaria / Sofia 

135 
(22,567) 
- 
n.a. 
(22,288) 
(31,651) 

Hungary / Nádudvar 
Romania / Bucharest 
Hungary /Debrecen 
Hungary /Budapest 

Trusts, funds and similar financial entities 
Trusts, funds and similar financial entities 
Wholesale of hardware, plumbing and heating equipment and 
supplies 
Other financial service activities,  

except insurance and pension funding 

Manufacture of concrete products for construction purposes 
Renting and operating of own or leased real estate 
Renting and operating of own or leased real estate 
Activities of holding companies 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

584 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 44:  TRUST ACTIVITIES (in HUF mn) 

The Bank acts as a trustee for certain loans granted by companies or employers to their employees, mainly for 
housing purposes. The ultimate risk for these loans rests with the party advancing the funds. As these loans and 
related  funds  are  not  considered  to  be  assets  or  liabilities  of  the  Group,  they  have  been  excluded  from  the 
accompanying Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.  

The amount of loans managed by the Group as a trustee 

37,402 

37,714 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

585 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 45:  CONCENTRATION OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES 

In the percentage of the total assets 
Receivables from, or securities issued by 
the Hungarian Government or the NBH 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

13.32% 

14.75% 

There were no other significant concentrations of the assets or liabilities of the Group either as at 31 December 
2023 or as at 31 December 2022. 

The Group continuously provides the NBH with reports on the extent of dependency on large depositors as well 
as the exposure of the biggest 50 depositors towards the Group. 

Further to this obligatory reporting to the NBH, the Group pays particular attention on the exposure of its largest 
partners and cares for maintaining a closer relationship with these partners in order to secure the stability of the 
level of deposits. 

The  organisational  unit  of  the  Bank  in  charge  of  partner-risk  management  analyses  the  biggest  partners  on  a 
constant basis and sets limits on the Bank’s and the Group’s exposure separately partner-by-partner. If necessary, 
it  modifies partner-limits  in due  course  thereby  reducing  the  room for  manoeuvring  of  the  Treasury  and  other 
business areas. 

The Bank’s internal regulation (Limit-management regulation) controls risk management related to exposures of 
clients. The Bank makes a difference between clients or clients who are economically connected with each other, 
partners,  partners  operating  in  the  same  geographical  region  or  in  the  same  economic  sector,  exposures  from 
customers. Limit-management regulation includes a specific range provision system used by the Bank to control 
risk exposures. This regulation has to be used by the Bank for its business (lending) risk-taking activity both in 
retail and corporate sector. 

To specify credit risk limits Group strives their clients get an acceptable margin of risk based on their financial 
situation. In the Group limit system has to be provided a lower-level decision-making delegation.  
If a Group member takes risk against a client or group of clients (either inside the local economy or outside), the 
client will be qualified as a group level risk and these limits will be specified at group level. 
The validity period of this policy is 12 months. The limit shall be reviewed prior to the expiry date but at least 
once a year - based on the relevant information required to limit calculations. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

586 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 46:  EARNINGS PER SHARE 

Consolidated  Earnings  per  share  attributable  to  the  ordinary  shares  of  the  Group  are  determined  by  dividing 
consolidated Net profit for the year attributable to ordinary shareholders, after the deduction of declared preference 
dividends,  by  the  weighted  average  number  of  ordinary  shares  outstanding  during  the  year.  Dilutive  potential 
ordinary shares are deemed to have been converted into ordinary shares. 

Earnings per share from continuing  

and discontinued operations 

Consolidated profit after income tax for the period attributable 

to ordinary shareholders (in HUF mn) 

Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding  

during the year for calculating basic EPS (number of share) 

 Basic Earnings per share (in HUF) 

Consolidated profit after income tax for the period attributable 

to ordinary shareholders (in HUF mn) 

Modified weighted average number of  

ordinary shares outstanding during the year 
for calculating diluted EPS (number of share) 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

988,658 

346,354 

267,591,265 
3,695 

268,790,272 
1,289 

988,658 

346,354 

267,737,358 

268,873,185 

Diluted Earnings per share (in HUF) 

3,693 

1,288 

Earnings per share from continuing operations 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

Consolidated profit after income tax for the period attributable  

to ordinary shareholders (in HUF mn) 

Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding  

during the year for calculating basic EPS (number of share) 

 Basic Earnings per share (in HUF) 

Consolidated profit after income tax for the period attributable 

to ordinary shareholders (in HUF mn) 

Modified weighted average number of  

ordinary shares outstanding during the year  
for calculating diluted EPS (number of share) 

1,009,904 

318,351 

267,591,265 
3,774 

268,790,272 
1,184 

1,009,904 

318,351 

267,737,358 

268,873,185 

Diluted Earnings per share (in HUF) 

3,772 

1,184 

Earnings per share from discontinued operations 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

Consolidated profit after income tax for the period attributable  

to ordinary shareholders (in HUF mn) 

Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding  

during the year for calculating basic EPS (number of share) 

 Basic Earnings per share (in HUF) 

Consolidated profit after income tax for the period attributable 

to ordinary shareholders (in HUF mn) 

Modified weighted average number of  

ordinary shares outstanding during the year  
for calculating diluted EPS (number of share) 

(21,246) 

28,003 

267,591,265 
(79) 

268,790,272 
104 

(21,246) 

28,003 

267,737,358 

268,873,185 

Diluted Earnings per share (in HUF) 

(79) 

104 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

587 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 46:  EARNINGS PER SHARE [continued] 

Weighted average number of ordinary shares 
Average number of Treasury shares  
Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding  

during the year for calculating basic EPS 

Dilutive effects of options issued in accordance with the  

remuneration policy and convertible into ordinary shares1 
The modified weighted average number of ordinary shares 
outstanding during the year for calculating diluted EPS 

31/12/2023 

31/12/2022 

280,000,010 
12,408,745 

280,000,010 
11,209,738 

267,591,265 

268,790,272 

146,093 

82,913 

267,737,358 

268,873,185 

1 Both in the year 2023 and 2022 the dilutive effect is in connection with the Remuneration Policy and the Management Option Program.

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

588 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 47:  NET GAIN OR LOSS REALIZED ON FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (in HUF mn) 

31/12/2023 

Net interest / similar 
to interest gain and 
loss 

Net non-interest 
gain and loss 

Loss 
allowance 

Other Compre-
hensive Income 

Cash, amounts due from banks and  
balances with the National Banks 

Placements with other banks 
Repo receivables 
Securities at amortized cost 
Loans at amortized cost 
Finance lease receivables 
Other financial assets2 
Financial assets at amortized cost total 

Trading securities at fair value 

 through profit or loss 

Non-trading instruments mandatorily   
at fair value through profit or loss 

Interest-bearing securities at fair value through  

other comprehensive income1 

Non-interest-bearing instruments at fair value 
through other comprehensive income 

Loans mandatorily at fair value  

through profit or loss 

Financial assets at fair value total 
Total result on financial assets 

Amounts due to banks, the National 
Governments, deposits from the 
National Banks and other banks 

Repo liabilities 
Deposits from customers 
Liabilities from issued securities 
Leasing liabilities 
Subordinated bonds and loans 
Financial liabilities at amortized cost total 

Financial liabilities designated  

at fair value through profit or loss 

Total result on financial liabilities 

Derivative financial instruments2 

Total result on financial instruments 

354,208 
187,436 
17,011 
242,256 
1,345,570 
100,749 
6,942 
2,254,172 

- 

- 

55,320 

- 

92,117 
147,437 
2,401,609 

(74,338) 
(40,398) 
(484,398) 
(116,628) 
(2,970) 
(32,565) 
(751,297) 

(1,433) 
(752,730) 

(262,173) 

1,386,706 

- 
- 
- 
(18,716) 
34,335 
- 
- 
15,619 

7,713 

8,240 

(1,221) 

430 

96,082 
111,244 
126,863 

- 
- 
386,823 
- 
- 
- 
386,823 

(4,542) 
382,281 

(12,760) 

1,060 
1,455 
(371) 
9,185 
(149,822) 
1,656 
1,333 
(135,504) 

- 

- 

(354) 

- 

(91) 
(445) 
(135,949) 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 

76,954 

1,465 

- 
78,419 
78,419 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 

- 

496,384 

(135,949) 

78,419 

1 For the year 2023 HUF (1,221) million net non-interest loss on securities at fair value through other comprehensive income was transferred 
from other comprehensive income to profit or loss. 
2 Gains from other financial assets and derivative financial instruments recognized in net interest income as Income similar to interest income. 

Current  year  change  of  derivative  financial  assets  and  liabilities  held-for-trading  and  designated  as  hedge 
accounting by types of results in the profit or loss 

31/12/2023 

Held-for-trading  Hedge accounting 

Balance as at 1 January 
Change in current period through p/l 
on interest income/interest expense  
on net results on derivative instruments 
on revaluation difference 

Realized result on closed deals /matured deals 
Increase due to acquisition 
Assets held for sale 
Foreign currency translation difference 
Closing balance 

(109,265) 
106,994 
(27,506) 
66,774 
67,726 
13,088 
104 
1,216 
1,004 
13,141 

20,298 
(44,576) 
86,915 
(26,714) 
(104,777) 
494 
1,842 
- 
10 
(21,932) 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

589 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 47:  NET GAIN OR LOSS REALIZED ON FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (in HUF mn) 

[continued]  

31/12/2022 

Cash, amounts due from banks and  
balances with the National Banks 

Placements with other banks 
Repo receivables 
Securities at amortized cost 
Loans at amortized cost 
Finance lease receivables 
Other financial assets2 
Financial assets at amortized cost total 

Trading securities at fair value 

 through profit or loss 

Non-trading instruments mandatorily    
at fair value through profit or loss 

Interest-bearing securities at fair value through  

other comprehensive income1 

Non-interest-bearing instruments at fair value 
through other comprehensive income 

Loans mandatorily at fair value  

through profit or loss 

Financial assets at fair value total 
Total result on financial assets 

Amounts due to banks, the National 
Governments, deposits from the 
National Banks and other banks 

Repo liabilities 
Deposits from customers 
Liabilities from issued securities 
Leasing liabilities 
Subordinated bonds and loans 
Financial liabilities at amortized cost total 

Financial liabilities designated  

at fair value through profit or loss 

Total result on financial liabilities 

Derivative financial instruments2 

Total result on financial instruments 

Net interest / similar 
to interest gain and 
loss 

Net non-interest 
gain and loss 

Loss 
allowance 

Other Compre-
hensive Income 

62,120 
153,692 
4,261 
139,445 
906,011 
74,994 
4,123 
1,344,646 

- 

54 

53,078 

- 

54,036 
107,168 
1,451,814 

(14,885) 
(31,006) 
(253,609) 
(27,838) 
(2,296) 
(8,986) 
(338,620) 

(562) 
(339,182) 

(85,764) 

1,026,868 

- 
- 
- 
(4,636) 
31,144 
- 
- 
26,508 

(3,168) 

265 

(440) 
(19) 
50 
(31,471) 
(168,406) 
(23,513) 
(1,204) 
(225,003) 

- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 

(1,022) 

(29,290) 

(123,874) 

8 

(5,951) 
(9,868) 
16,640 

- 
- 
338,952 
- 
- 
- 
338,952 

1,932 
340,884 

16,360 

- 

4,497 

13,346 
(15,944) 
(240,947) 

- 
(119,377) 
(119,377) 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 

- 

373,884 

(240,947) 

(119,377) 

1 For the year of 2022 HUF (1,022) million net non-interest loss on securities at fair value through other comprehensive income was transferred 
from other comprehensive income to profit or loss. 
2 Gains from other financial assets and derivative financial instruments recognized in net interest income as Income similar to interest income. 

Current  year  change  of  derivative  financial  assets  and  liabilities  held  for  trading  and  designated  as  hedge 
accounting by types of results in the profit or loss 

31/12/2022 

Held-for-trading  Hedge accounting 

Balance as at 1 January 
Change in current period through p/l 
on interest income/interest expense  
on net results on derivative instruments  
on revaluation difference 

Realized result on closed deals /matured deals 
Foreign currency translation difference 
Closing balance 

(18,232) 
(57,689) 
(56,775) 
(77,886) 
76,972 
(31,820) 
(1,524) 
(109,265) 

7,529 
1,555 
(1,152) 
48,429 
(45,722) 
11,219 
(5) 
20,298 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

590 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 48:  FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (in HUF mn) 

In  determining  the  fair  value  of  a  financial  asset  or  liability  the  Group  uses  the  market  price  in  the  case  of 
instruments that are quoted on an active market. In most cases market price is not publicly available, so the Group 
has to make assumptions or use valuation techniques to determine the fair value of a financial instrument. See 
Note 48.4. for more information about fair value classes applied for financial assets and liabilities measured at fair 
value in these financial statements.  

To  provide  a  reliable  estimate  of  the  fair  value  of  those  financial  instruments  that  are  originally  measured  at 
amortized  cost,  the  Group  used  the  discounted  cash-flow  analyses  (loans,  placements  with  other  banks,  repo 
receivables, amounts due to banks, repo liabilities, deposits from customers). The fair value of issued securities 
and subordinated bonds is based on quoted prices (e.g. Reuters). Cash and amounts due from banks and balances 
with the National Banks represent amounts available immediately thus the fair value equals to the cost. 

The  assumptions  used  when  calculating  the  fair  value  of  financial  assets  and  liabilities  when  using  valuation 
technique are the following: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

the discount rates are the risk-free rates related to the denomination currency adjusted by the appropriate 
risk premium as of the end of the reporting period, 
the contractual cash-flows are considered for the performing loans and for the non-performing loans, the 
amortized cost less impairment is considered as fair value, 
the future cash-flows for floating interest rate instruments are estimated from the yield curves as of the 
end of the reporting period, 
the fair value of the deposit which can be due in demand cannot be lower than the amount payable on 
demand. 

Classes of assets and liabilities not measured at fair value in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position, the 
income approach was used to convert future cash-flows to a single current amount. Fair value of current assets is 
equal to carrying amount, fair value of liabilities from issued securities and other bond-type classes of assets and 
liabilities not measured at fair value measured based on Reuters market rates, and the fair value of other classes 
not measured at fair value of the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position is measured at discounted cash-
flow method. Fair value of loans, net of loss allowance for loans measured at discount rate adjustment technique, 
the discount rate is derived from observed rates of return for comparable assets or liabilities that are traded in the 
market. 

Methods and significant assumptions used to determine fair value of the different levels of financial instruments: 

-  Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; 
-  Level  2:  inputs  other  than  quoted  prices  included  within  Level  1,  that  are  observable  for  the  asset  or 

liability either directly or indirectly.  

-  Level 3: inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs). 

Asset held for sale is valued at fair value less cost to sell, that is in this case equal to the sales price and would be 
classified as Level 3 fair value. 

Use of modified yield curve 

During  the  year  ended  31  December  2023  and  2022  yield  curves  derived  from  Hungarian  government  bonds 
(“ÁKK  curve”)  have  become  distorted  due  to  certain  market  events,  which  means  that  real  liquidity  has 
concentrated on certain part of the yield curve. Therefore, a modified yield curve - which is not observable on the 
market - has been used at the concerning fair value calculations. This yield curve is based on the relevant yield 
curve points of the original ÁKK curve. Based on Management’s discretion fair value calculated with modified 
yield curves can represent the perspective of market participants reliable at current market conditions. 

For the year ended 31 December 2023 and 2022 modified yield curve was used for calculating fair value in case 
of subsidized personal loans represented in “Loans mandatorily measured at fair value through profit or loss” line. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

591 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 48:  FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

48.1. 

Fair value of financial assets and liabilities at amortized cost by level of the fair value hierarchy and their carrying amount 

31/12/2023 

Cash, amounts due from banks and balances with the National Banks 
Placements with other banks 
Repo receivables 
Securities at amortized cost 
Loans at amortized cost 
Finance lease receivables 
Other financial assets 

Total financial assets at amortized cost 

Amounts due to the National Governments, to the National Banks and other banks 
Repo liabilities 
Deposits from customers 
Liabilities from issued securities 
Leasing liabilities 
Other financial liabilities 
Subordinated bonds and loans 

Total financial liabilities at amortized cost 

31/12/2022 

Cash, amounts due from banks and balances with the National Banks 
Placements with other banks 
Repo receivables 
Securities at amortized cost 
Loans at amortized cost 
Finance lease receivables 
Other financial assets 

Total financial assets at amortized cost 

Amounts due to the National Governments, to the National Banks and other banks 
Repo liabilities 
Deposits from customers 
Liabilities from issued securities 
Leasing liabilities 
Other financial liabilities 
Subordinated bonds and loans 

Total financial liabilities at amortized cost 

Carrying 
amount 

7,125,049 
1,566,998 
223,884 
5,249,272 
17,676,533 
1,289,712 
282,400 
33,413,848 

1,940,862 
126,237 
28,332,431 
2,095,548 
76,313 
656,864 
562,396 
33,790,651 

Carrying 
amount 

4,221,392 
1,351,082 
41,009 
4,891,938 
16,094,458 
1,298,752 
262,981 
28,161,612 

1,463,158 
217,369 
25,188,805 
870,682 
63,778 
645,652 
301,984 
28,751,428 

Fair value 

Level 1 

Level 2 

Level 3 

7,125,049 
1,448,684 
223,884 
5,184,729 
17,723,130 
1,504,439 
282,400 
33,492,315 

1,974,503 
126,237 
28,295,214 
2,118,233 
76,313 
656,864 
452,595 
33,699,959 

6,005,164 
1,059,696 
- 
4,478,411 
- 
189,830 
- 
11,733,101 

458,700 
- 
- 
1,770,138 
- 
- 
410,495 
2,639,333 

1,119,885 
375,266 
223,884 
640,591 
1,219 
91,948 
- 
2,452,793 

690,452 
126,237 
10,459,658 
19,629 
- 
- 
- 
11,295,976 

- 
13,722 
- 
65,727 
17,721,911 
1,222,661 
282,400 
19,306,421 

825,351 
- 
17,835,556 
328,466 
76,313 
656,864 
42,100 
19,764,650 

Fair value 

Level 1 

Level 2 

Level 3 

4,221,392 
1,322,560 
42,993 
4,048,877 
15,557,928 
1,320,286 
262,981 
26,777,017 

1,109,924 
227,669 
25,056,412 
743,907 
63,791 
645,652 
268,911 
28,116,266 

3,557,491 
967,438 
- 
3,063,237 
- 
- 
- 
7,588,166 

42,544 
- 
- 
545,677 
- 
- 
229,121 
817,342 

663,901 
342,595 
42,993 
764,096 
1,757,358 
264,057 
- 
3,835,000 

123,662 
227,669 
12,452,761 
15,454 
- 
- 
- 
12,819,546 

- 
12,527 
- 
221,544 
13,800,570 
1,056,229 
262,981 
15,353,851 

943,718 
- 
12,603,651 
182,776 
63,791 
645,652 
39,790 
14,479,378 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

592 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 48:  FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

48.2.   Fair value of derivative instruments 

The  Group  regularly  enters  into  hedging  transactions  in  order  to  decrease  its  financial  risks.  However  some 
economically  hedging  transaction  do  not  meet  the  criteria  to  qualify  as  hedge  accounting,  therefore  these 
transactions were accounted for as derivatives held for trading.  
The  assessment of the hedge effectiveness (both for fair value hedges and cash flow hedges)  to determine the 
economic  relationship  between  the  hedged  item  and  the  hedging  instrument  is  accomplished  with  prospective 
scenario analysis via different rate shift scenarios of the relevant risk factor(s) of the hedged risk component(s). 
The  fair  value  change  of  the  hedged  item  and  the  hedging  instrument  is  compared  in  the  different  scenarios. 
Economic relationship is justified if the change of the fair value of the hedged item and the hedging instrument are 
in the opposite direction and the absolute changes are similar amounts. The hedge ratio is determined as the ratio 
of the notional of the hedged item and the notional of the hedging instrument. The sources of hedge ineffectiveness 
are the not hedged risk components (e.g. change of cross currency basis spreads in case of interest rate risk hedges), 
slight differences in maturity dates and interest payment dates in case of fair value hedges, and differences between 
the carrying amount of the hedged item and the carrying amount of the hedging instrument in case of FX hedges 
(e.g. caused by interest rate risk components in the fair value of the hedging instrument).  

The summary of the derivatives held for trading and derivatives designated as hedge accounting of the Group are 
as follows: 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

593 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 48:  FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

48.2.  Fair value of derivative instruments [continued] 

Before netting 

Assets 

Liabilities 

31/12/2023 
Netting 

After netting 

Before netting 

Assets 

Liabilities 

Assets 

Liabilities 

31/12/2022 
Netting 

After netting 

Assets 

Liabilities 

Held for trading derivative financial 
instruments 
Interest rate derivatives 
Interest rate swaps 
Cross currency interest rate swaps 
OTC options 
Forward rate agreement 

Total interest rate derivatives (OTC derivatives) 
Foreign exchange derivatives 
Foreign exchange swaps 
Foreign exchange forward contracts 
OTC options 
Foreign exchange spot conversion 
Total foreign exchange derivatives  

(OTC derivatives) 

Equity stock and index derivatives 

Commodity Swaps 
Equity swaps 

OTC derivatives total 

Exchange traded futures and options 
Total equity stock and index derivatives 
Derivatives held for risk management  

not designated in hedge 
Interest rate swaps 
Foreign exchange swaps 
Foreign exchange spot  
Forward contracts 
Cross currency interest rate swaps 

Total derivatives held for risk  

134,599 
8,644 
2,024 
- 
145,267 

31,397 
7,101 
1,016 
170 

(117,778) 
(6,544) 
(2,033) 
(214) 
(126,569) 

(32,382) 
(11,061) 
(871) 
(319) 

39,684 

(44,633) 

32,336 
126 
32,462 
433 
32,895 

64,288 
4,671 
- 
- 
- 

(31,661) 
(3,826) 
(35,487) 
(451) 
(35,938) 

(44,577) 
(19,546) 
- 
- 
(2,401) 

110,939 
- 
- 
- 
110,939 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

22,237 
- 
- 
- 
- 

23,660 
8,644 
2,024 
- 
34,328 

31,397 
7,101 
1,016 
170 

(6,839) 
(6,544) 
(2,033) 
(214) 
(15,630) 

(32,382) 
(11,061) 
(871) 
(319) 

165,478 
11,332 
1,074 
505 
178,389 

76,881 
13,085 
1,048 
177 

(171,706) 
(12,139) 
(1,069) 
(3) 
(184,917) 

(72,959) 
(13,740) 
(822) 
(177) 

39,684 

(44,633) 

91,191 

(87,698) 

33,693 
54 
33,747 
214 
33,961 

(31,632) 
(702) 
(32,334) 
(1,887) 
(34,221) 

32,336 
126 
32,462 
433 
32,895 

42,051 
4,671 
- 
- 
- 

(31,661) 
(3,826) 
(35,487) 
(451) 
(35,938) 

(22,340) 
(19,546) 
- 
- 
(2,401) 

155,468 
- 
- 
505 
155,973 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

10,010 
11,332 
1,074 
- 
22,416 

76,881 
13,085 
1,048 
177 

(16,238) 
(12,139) 
(1,069) 
502 
(28,944) 

(72,959) 
(13,740) 
(822) 
(177) 

91,191 

(87,698) 

33,693 
54 
33,747 
214 
33,961 

(31,632) 
(702) 
(32,334) 
(1,887) 
(34,221) 

136,164 
2,514 
- 
- 
9,180 

(239,975) 
(10,190) 
(43) 
- 
(3,620) 

18,944 
- 
- 
- 
- 

117,220 
2,514 
- 
- 
9,180 

(221,031) 
(10,190) 
(43) 
- 
(3,620) 

management not designated in hedge 

68,959 

(66,524) 

22,237 

46,722 

(44,287) 

147,858 

(253,828) 

18,944 

128,914 

(234,884) 

Total held for trading derivative 

financial instruments 

286,805 

(273,664) 

133,176 

153,629 

(140,488) 

451,399 

(560,664) 

174,917 

276,482 

(385,747) 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

594 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 48:  FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

48.2.   Fair value of derivative instruments [continued] 

Derivative financial instruments designated 

as hedge accounting 

Derivatives designated in cash flow hedges 

Interest rate swaps 

Total derivatives designated in cash flow hedges 
Derivatives designated in fair value hedges 

Interest rate swaps 
Cross currency interest rate swaps 
Foreign exchange swaps 
Interest rate swaps 

Total derivatives designated in fair value hedges 
Total derivatives held for risk management  

Before netting 

Assets 

Liabilities 

31/12/2023 
Netting 

After netting 

Before netting 

Assets 

Liabilities 

Assets 

Liabilities 

31/12/2022 
Netting 

After netting 

Assets 

Liabilities 

1,066 
1,066 

42,347 
24,750 
- 
168 
67,265 

(1,066) 
(1,066) 

(79,069) 
(10,009) 
- 
(119) 
(89,197) 

1,066 
1,066 

25,130 
- 
- 
168 
25,298 

- 
- 

17,217 
24,750 
- 
- 
41,967 

- 
- 

(53,939) 
(10,009) 
- 
49 
(63,899) 

2,651 
2,651 

56,757 
20,732 
1,696 
- 
79,185 

(2,651) 
(2,651) 

(37,290) 
(5,398) 
(16,199) 
- 
(58,887) 

2,651 
2,651 

30,938 
- 
- 
- 
30,938 

- 
- 

25,819 
20,732 
1,696 
- 
48,247 

- 
- 

(6,352) 
(5,398) 
(16,199) 
- 
(27,949) 

(OTC derivatives) 

68,331 

(90,263) 

26,364 

41,967 

(63,899) 

81,836 

(61,538) 

33,589 

48,247 

(27,949) 

Financial assets subject to offsetting, netting arrangement as at 31 December 2023 

31/12/2023 

Offsetting recognised on the balance sheet 

Derivative financial instruments 

Gross 
assets 
before 
offset 
324,446 

Offsetting 
with gross 
liabilities 

(158,844) 

Net assets 
recognized on the 
statement of 
financial position 
165,602 

Netting potential not recognised on the balance sheet  Assets not subject to 
netting arrangements 
Assets recognized on 
the statement of 
financial position 

Assets after 
consideration of 
netting potential 

Collateral 
received 

Financial 
liabilities 

Total assets 

Recognized in 
the statement of 
financial position 

Maximum 
exposure to risk 
After consideration 
of netting potential 

(60,721) 

(76,853) 

28,028 

29,994 

195,596 

58,022 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

595 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 48: 

FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

48.2.   Fair value of derivative instruments [continued] 

Financial liabilities subject to offsetting, netting arrangement as at 31 December 2023 

31/12/2023 

Offsetting recognised on the balance sheet 

Netting potential not recognised on the balance sheet  Liabilities not subject 

Total liabilities 

Derivative financial instruments 

Gross 
liabilities 
before 
offset 
347,414 

Offsetting 
with gross 
assets 

(158,844) 

Net liabilities 
recognized on the 
statement of 
financial position 
188,570 

Financial 
assets 

Collateral 
pledged 

Liabilities after 
consideration of 
netting potential 

to netting 
arrangements 
Liabilities recognized 
on the statement of 
financial position 

Maximum 
exposure to risk 

Recognized in 
the statement of 
financial position 

After consideration 
of netting potential 

(60,721) 

(103,563) 

24,286 

15,817 

204,387 

40,103 

Financial assets subject to offsetting, netting arrangement as at 31 December 2022 

31/12/2022 

Offsetting recognised on the balance sheet 

Derivative financial instruments 

Gross 
assets 
before 
offset 
441,413 

Offsetting 
with gross 
liabilities 

(208,506) 

Net assets 
recognized on the 
statement of 
financial position 
232,907 

Netting potential not recognised on the balance sheet  Assets not subject to 
netting arrangements 
Assets recognized on 
the statement of 
financial position 

Assets after 
consideration of 
netting potential 

Collateral 
received 

Financial 
liabilities 

Total assets 

Recognized in 
the statement of 
financial position 

Maximum 
exposure to risk 
After consideration 
of netting potential 

(90,551) 

(103,014) 

39,342 

91,822 

324,729 

131,164 

Financial liabilities subject to offsetting, netting arrangement as at 31 December 2022 

31/12/2022 

Offsetting recognised on the balance sheet 

Netting potential not recognised on the balance sheet  Liabilities not subject 

Total liabilities 

Derivative financial instruments 

Gross 
liabilities 
before 
offset 
580,572 

Offsetting 
with gross 
assets 

(208,506) 

Net liabilities 
recognized on the 
statement of 
financial position 
372,066 

Financial 
assets 

Collateral 
pledged 

Liabilities after 
consideration of 
netting potential 

to netting 
arrangements 
Liabilities recognized 
on the statement of 
financial position 

Maximum 
exposure to risk 

Recognized in 
the statement of 
financial position 

After consideration 
of netting potential 

(90,551) 

(240,661) 

40,854 

41,630 

413,696 

82,484 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

596 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 48:   FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

48.3.   Types of hedge accounting 

Interest  rate  risk  management  is  centralized  at  the  Group.  Interest  rate  risk  exposures  in  major  currencies  are 
managed at OTP Headquarter on a consolidated level. Although risk exposures in local currencies are managed at 
subsidiary level, the respective decisions are subject to Headquarter ALCO approval. Interest rate risk is measured 
by simulating NII and EVE under different stress and plan scenarios, the established risk limits are described in 
„OTP Bank’s Group-Level Regulations on the Management of Liquidity Risk and Interest Rate Risk of Banking 
Book”. The interest rate risk management activity aims to stabilize NII within the approved risk limits. 

The risk management objective of these hedge relationships is to mitigate the risk of clean fair value (i.e. excluding 
accrued interest) change of MIRS loans due to the change of interest rate reference indices (BUBOR, EURIBOR, 
LIBOR, etc.) of the respective currency. 

The  ineffective  part  of  fair  value  hedge  accounting  is  presented  on  Interest  income  /  Interest  expense  in  the 
Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

597 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 48:   FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

48.3.  Types of hedge accounting [continued] 

Amount, timing and uncertainty of future cash flows – hedging instruments as at 31 December 2023 (in fx million) 

Type of hedge 

Type of risk 

Type of instrument 

Within one 
month 

Within three 
months and 
over one 
month 

Within one 
year and over 
three months 

Within five 
years and 
over one year 

More than 
five years 

Total 

Fair Value 
Hedge 

Interest rate 
risk 

Interest rate swap 

HUF 

Notional 
Average Interest Rate (%) 

EUR 

Notional 
Average Interest Rate (%) 

USD 

Notional 
Average Interest Rate (%) 

JPY 

Notional 
Average Interest Rate (%) 

Cross currency interest rate 
swap 

EUR/HUF 
Notional 
Average Interest Rate (%) 
Average FX Rate  

Fair Value 
Hedge 

Foreign 
exchange & 
Interest rate 
risk 

- 
- 

- 
- 

30 
2.10% 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

45 
2.13% 

- 
- 

(121,675) 
5.10% 

(218,683) 
(3.24%) 

(51,700) 
4.72% 

(392,058) 

65 
2.64% 

- 
- 

- 
- 

(461) 
4.80% 

(1,013) 
3.77% 

4,500 
0.22% 

180 
- 

47 
4.18% 

- 
- 

(216) 

(891) 

4,500 

21 

- 
(1.65%) 
310.23 

1 
(1.69%) 
310.02 

2 
(1.68%) 
310.10 

8 
(1.73%) 
309.36 

10 
(1.82%) 
307.71 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

598 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 48:   FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

48.3.   Types of hedge accounting [continued] 

Amount, timing and uncertainty of future cash flows – hedging instruments as at 31 December 2023 (in fx million) [continued] 

Type of hedge 

Type of risk 

Type of instrument 

Within one 
month 

Within three 
months and 
over one 
month 

Within one 
year and over 
three months 

Within five 
years and 
over one year 

More than 
five years 

Total 

Fair Value 
Hedge 

Foreign 
exchange risk 

Cross currency interest rate 
swap 

EUR/HUF 
Notional 
Average FX Rate  

RON/HUF 
Notional 
Average FX Rate  

RUB/HUF 
Notional 
Average FX Rate  

JPY/HUF 

Notional 
Average FX Rate  

USD/HUF 
Notional 
Average FX Rate  

Other 

Interest rate swap 

HUF 

 Notional 
Interest rate swap 

Interest rate 
risk 

EUR  

Notional 
Average Interest Rate (%) 

- 
363.88 

175 
356.12 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
357.16 

- 

- 
- 

250 
359.11 

575 
73.75 

4,000 
3.65 

- 
- 

143 
357.16 

778 

1,167 
383.36 

1,950 
73.98 

7,870 
3.73 

4,500 
2.43 

- 
- 

- 

500 
381.11 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 

(60) 
3.54% 

(240) 
2.61% 

(120) 
2.42% 

2,092 

2,525 

11,870 

4,500 

143 

778 

(420) 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

599 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 48:   FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

48.3.  Types of hedge accounting [continued] 

Amount, timing and uncertainty of future cash flows – hedging instruments as at 31 December 2022 (in fx million) 

Type of hedge 

Type of risk 

Type of instrument 

Within one 
month 

Within three 
months and 
over one 
month 

Within one 
year and over 
three months 

Within five 
years and 
over one year 

More than 
five years 

Total 

Fair Value 
Hedge 

Interest rate 
risk 

Interest rate swap 

HUF 

Notional 
Average Interest Rate (%) 

EUR 

Notional 
Average Interest Rate (%) 

USD 

Notional 
Average Interest Rate (%) 

JPY 

Notional 
Average Interest Rate (%) 

Cross currency interest rate 
swap 

EUR/HUF 
Notional 
Average Interest Rate (%) 
Average FX Rate  

Fair Value 
Hedge 

Foreign 
exchange & 
Interest rate 
risk 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

90 
2.60% 

- 
- 

- 
- 

(64,875) 
7.15% 

101 
0.24% 

- 
- 

- 
- 

10 
0.22% 

29 
2.35% 

4,500 
0.22% 

30,300 
1.40% 

50 
0.05% 

47 
4.18% 

- 
- 

(34,575) 

161 

166 

4,500 

- 
(1.64%) 
310.41 

1 
(1.68%) 
310.17 

2 
(1.68%) 
310.20 

10 
(1.71%) 
309.74 

11 
(1.82%) 
307.71 

24 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

600 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 48:   FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

48.3.   Types of hedge accounting [continued] 

Amount, timing and uncertainty of future cash flows – hedging instruments as at 31 December 2022 (in fx million) [continued] 

Type of hedge 

Type of risk 

Type of instrument 

Within one 
month 

Within three 
months and 
over one 
month 

Within one 
year and over 
three months 

Within five 
years and 
over one year 

More than 
five years 

Total 

Fair Value 
Hedge 

Foreign 
exchange risk 

Cross currency interest rate 
swap 

EUR/HUF 
Notional 
Average FX Rate  

RON/HUF 
Notional 
Average FX Rate  

JPY/HUF 

Notional 
Average FX Rate  

USD/HUF 
Notional 
Average FX Rate  

- 
363.88 

(10) 
407.57 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

(7) 
323.77 

125 
362.11 

400 
72.92 

- 
- 

144 
323.77 

878 
373.88 

3,121 
75.08 

4,500 
2.79 

146 
323.77 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

993 

3,521 

4,500 

283 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

601 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 48:   FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

48.3.   Types of hedge accounting [continued] 

As at 31 December 2023 is as follows: 

Type of hedge  

Type of 
instrument 

Type of 
risk 

Nominal amount 
of the hedging 
instrument 

Carrying amount of the hedging instrument as at 31 
December 2023 

Line item in the consolidated 
statement of financial position 
where the hedging instrument 
is located 

Changes in fair value 
used for calculating 
hedge ineffectiveness 
for the year ended as 
at 31 December 2023 

Before netting 

Netting 

After netting   

Assets 

Liabilities 

Assets 

Liabilities 

2,448,226 

43,305 

(79,238) 

26,196 

17,109 

(53,042)  Derivative financial instruments  

10,642 

Fair value hedge 

IRS 

CCIRS 

Interest 
rate risk 

FX & 
IR risk 

6,394 

- 

(1,418) 

CCIRS 

FX risk 

1,009,180 

24,750 

(9,488) 

IRS 

Other 

778 

108 

- 

designated as hedge 
accounting  

- 

(1,418)  Derivative financial instruments 

(668) 

designated as hedge 
accounting  

24,750 

(9,488)  Derivative financial instruments 

38,146 

designated as hedge 
accounting  

108 

-  Derivative financial instruments  

designated as hedge 
accounting  

- 

- 

- 

1 

32 

48,153 

IRS 

Interest 
rate risk 

160,768 

168 

(119) 

168 

- 

49  Derivative financial instruments  
designated as hedge 
accounting  

Fair value hedges total 

3,625,346 

68,331 

(90,263) 

26,364 

41,967 

(63,899) 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

602 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 48:   FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

48.3.  Types of hedge accounting [continued] 

As at 31 December 2022 is as follows: 

Type of 
hedge  

Type of 
instrument 

Type of 
risk 

Nominal amount 
of the hedging 
instrument 

Carrying amount of the hedging instrument as at 31 
December 2022 

Line item in the consolidated 
statement of financial position 
where the hedging instrument 
is located 

Changes in fair value 
used for calculating 
hedge ineffectiveness 
for the year ended as 
at 31 December 2022 

Fair value 
hedge 

IRS 

Interest 
rate risk 

444,627 

56,636 

(37,258) 

30,938 

25,698 

(6,320)  Derivative financial instruments  

12,873 

Before netting 

Netting 

After netting 

Assets 

Liabilities 

Assets 

Liabilities 

CCIRS 

FX & 
IR risk 

7,292 

- 

(2,679) 

CCIRS 

FX risk 

813,430 

20,732 

(2,719) 

FX swap 

FX risk 

290,982 

1,696 

(16,199) 

IRS 

Other 

5,584 

121 

(32) 

- 

- 

- 

- 

designated as hedge 
accounting  

- 

(2,679)  Derivative financial instruments 

3 

designated as hedge 
accounting  

20,732 

(2,719)  Derivative financial instruments 

(6,087) 

designated as hedge 
accounting  

1,696 

(16,199)  Derivative financial instruments 

designated as hedge 
accounting  

121 

(32)  Derivative financial instruments  
designated as hedge 
accounting  

- 

1 

6,790 

Fair value hedges total 

1,561,915 

79,185 

(58,887) 

30,938 

48,247 

(27,949) 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

603 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 48:   FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

48.3.   Types of hedge accounting [continued]  

As at 31 December 2023 is as follows: 

Type of hedge  

Type of risk  

Carrying amount of the 
hedged item as at 31 
December 2023 

Amount of fair value hedge adjustments on 
the hedged item included in the carrying 
amount of the hedged item for the year 
ended 31 December 2023 

Line item in the consolidated statement of 
financial position in which the hedged item is 
included 

Fair value hedges 

Assets  

Liabilities 

Assets  

Liabilities 

Loans  
Loans  

Interest rate risk 
Interest rate risk 

Government bonds 
Government bonds 

Interest rate risk 
Interest rate risk 

Government bonds 
Other bonds 

Interest rate risk 
Interest rate risk 

Other bonds 
Other bonds 
Loans  

Loans  
Refinanced loans 

Interest rate risk 
Interest rate risk 
Foreign exchange & 
Interest rate risk 
Foreign exchange risk 
Interest rate risk 

26,839 
- 

164,229 
806,018 

3,828 

- 
- 

3,266 
949,447 
- 

- 
143,857 

- 
- 

- 

730,971 
219,989 

- 
- 
213,864 

Government bonds 

Foreign exchange risk 

10,986 

- 

Government bonds 
Other securities 
Customer deposits 
Fair value hedges total 

Foreign exchange risk 
Other risk 
Interest rate risk 

49,378 
- 
- 
2,013,991 

- 
897 
157,543 
1,467,121 

(3,178) 
- 

7,808 
28,001 

203 

- 
- 

(96) 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
32,738 

-  Loans at amortized cost 

(11,249)  Amounts due to banks, the National Governments,  

deposits from the National Banks and other banks 

-  Securities at amortized cost 
-  Securities at fair value through  
other comprehensive income 

  Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss 
-  Securities at fair value through  
other comprehensive income 
31,398  Liabilities from issued securities 
(157)  Subordinated bonds and loans 

-  Loans at amortized cost 
-  Loans at amortized cost 

13,460  Amounts due to banks, the National Governments,  

deposits from the National Banks and other banks 

-  Securities at fair value through  
other comprehensive income 

-  Securities at amortized cost 
(39)  Liabilities from issued securities 

84  Deposit from customers 

33,497 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

604 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 48:   FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

48.3.   Types of hedge accounting [continued]  

As at 31 December 2022 is as follows: 

Type of hedge  

Type of risk  

Carrying amount of the hedged 
item as at 31 December 2022 

Amount of fair value hedge adjustments on 
the hedged item included in the carrying 
amount of the hedged item for the year 
ended 31 December 2022 

Line item in the consolidated statement of 
financial position in which the hedged item is 
included 

Fair value hedges 

Assets  

Liabilities 

Assets  

Liabilities 

Loans  
Loans  

Interest rate risk 
Interest rate risk 

Government bonds 
Government bonds 

Interest rate risk 
Interest rate risk 

Government bonds 
Other bonds 

Interest rate risk 
Interest rate risk 

64,596 
- 

14,814 
151,501 

- 
44,508 

- 
143,208 

- 
- 

- 
- 

Other bonds 
Loans  

Loans  
Government bonds 

Government bonds 
Other securities 

Fair value hedges total 

Interest rate risk 
Foreign exchange & 
Interest rate risk 
Foreign exchange risk 
Foreign exchange risk 

Foreign exchange risk 
Other risk 

- 

25,563 

9,099 
716,841 
12,797 

113,806 
- 
1,127,962 

- 
- 
- 

- 
2,299 
171,070 

(5,033) 
- 

(4,601) 
(45,319) 

- 
(638) 

- 

503 
- 
- 

- 
- 
(55,088) 

-  Loans at amortized cost 

(34,149)  Amounts due to banks, the National Governments,  

deposits from the National Banks and other 
banks 

-  Securities at amortized cost 
-  Securities at fair value through  
other comprehensive income 

-  Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss 
-  Securities at fair value through  
other comprehensive income 
448  Liabilities from issued securities 

-  Loans at amortized cost 
-  Loans at amortized cost 
-  Securities at fair value through  
other comprehensive income 

-  Securities at amortized cost 
(218)  Liabilities from issued securities 

(33,919) 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

605 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 48:   FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

48.3.   Types of hedge accounting [continued]  

Change in basis swap spread recognised in the consolidated other comprehensive income related fair value hedges as follows: 

Type of risk 

Carrying amount of the hedged item  

Items recognized in the 
consolidated other comprehensive 
income for the year 2023 

Change in the items recognized in 
other comprehensive income for 
the year 2023 

Line item in the consolidated 
statement of financial position in 
which the hedged item is included 

FX risk 
FX risk 

Total 

Assets  

Liabilities 

949,447 
10,986 

960,433 

- 
- 

- 

167 
(69) 

98 

530  Loans at amortised cost 

-  Securities at fair value through 
other comprehensive income 

530 

Type of risk 

Carrying amount of the hedged item  

Items recognised in the 
consolidated other comprehensive 
income for the year 2022 

Change in the items recognized in 
other comprehensive income for 
the year 2022 

Line item in the consolidated 
statement of financial position in 
which the hedged item is included 

FX risk 
FX risk 

Total 

Assets  

Liabilities 

716,841 
12,797 

729,638 

- 
- 

- 

(363) 
(52) 

(415) 

605  Loans at amortised cost 

-  Securities at fair value through 
other comprehensive income 

605 

On Group level there weren’t any cash-flow hedges for the year ended 31 December 2023 and 2022, respectively. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

606 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 48:   FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

48.3.   Types of hedge accounting [continued]  

31/12/2023 

Change in fair value of hedged item for 
ineffectiveness assessment 

Translation difference 

Balances remaining in the Translation 
difference for hedge accounting is no 
longer applied 

Net assets of subsidiaries where the 
investment is in EUR 

- 

69,188 

(31,588) 

31/12/2023 

Carrying amount 

Changes in fair value of hedging instruments used for measuring hedge ineffectiveness 

Notional amount 

Liabilities 

Total 

Effective part recognized in 
other comprehensive 
income 

Hedge ineffectiveness 
recognized in statement of 
profit or loss 

Reclassification into 
statement of profit or loss 

Eur issued bonds 

382,780 

382,780 

(2,707) 

(2,707) 

31/12/2023 

Eur issued bonds 

Less than 1 
month 

1 to 3 months 

3 to 12 months 

1 to 5 years 

Over 5 years 

- 

- 

- 

382,780 

- 

- 

- 

Total 

382,780 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

607 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 48:  FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

48.4.   Fair value levels 

The following table shows an analysis of financial instruments recorded at fair value by level of the fair value hierarchy: 

31/12/2023 

Total 

Level 1 

Level 2 

Level 3 

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss 

Trading securities at fair value through profit or loss 
Positive fair value of derivative financial assets held for trading 
Non-trading instruments mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss1 
Interest-bearing securities at fair value through other comprehensive income2 
Non-interest bearing instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income 
Loans mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss 
Equity instruments measured at fair value3 
Positive fair value of derivative financial assets designated as fair value hedge 
Financial assets measured at fair value total 
Financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss 
Negative fair value of held-for-trading derivative financial liabilities 
Negative fair value of derivative financial liabilities designated as fair value hedge 
Financial liabilities measured at fair value total 

288,885 
67,568 
153,629 
67,688 
1,540,980 
60,481 
1,400,485 
44,162 
41,967 
3,376,960 
70,707 
140,488 
63,899 
275,094 

96,816 
48,016 
433 
48,367 
800,168 
23,809 
- 
- 
- 
920,793 
- 
517 
- 
517 

179,786 
19,552 
153,196 
7,038 
634,396 
30,029 
- 
- 
41,967 
886,178 
- 
136,263 
63,899 
200,162 

12,283 
- 
- 
12,283 
106,416 
6,643 
1,400,485 
44,162 
- 
1,569,989 
70,707 
3,708 
- 
74,415 

1 The portfolio in level 3 includes Visa C shares, East West Venture Capital Fund and TCEE Fund III. 
2 The portfolio in level 3 includes HUF 78,355 million Ukrainian and HUF 22,452 million Russian government bonds. 
3 The detailed list of equity investments measured at fair value categorized in level 3 is presented in Note 43. 

The fair value of investment properties is presented in Note 14 and they are categorized in level 3. 

Asset held for sale is valued at fair value less cost to sell, that is in this case equal to the sales price and would be classified as Level 3 fair value. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

608 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 48:  FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

48.4.   Fair value levels [continued] 

The following table shows an analysis of financial instruments recorded at fair value by level of the fair value hierarchy: 

31/12/2022 

Total 

Level 1 

Level 2 

Level 3 

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss 

Trading securities at fair value through profit or loss 
Positive fair value of derivative financial assets held for trading 
Non-trading instruments mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss1 
Interest-bearing securities at fair value through other comprehensive income2 
Non-interest bearing instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income 
Loans mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss 
Equity instruments measured at fair value3 
Positive fair value of derivative financial assets designated as fair value hedge 
Financial assets measured at fair value total 
Financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss 
Negative fair value of held-for-trading derivative financial liabilities 
Negative fair value of derivative financial liabilities designated as fair value hedge 
Financial liabilities measured at fair value total 

436,387 
104,750 
276,482 
55,155 
1,699,446 
40,157 
1,247,414 
42,558 
48,247 
3,514,209 
54,191 
385,747 
27,949 
467,887 

85,339 
50,131 
214 
34,994 
541,910 
20,171 
- 
- 
- 
647,420 
- 
1,886 
- 
1,886 

339,060 
54,619 
276,268 
8,173 
1,092,841 
10,241 
- 
- 
48,247 
1,490,389 
- 
383,211 
27,949 
411,160 

11,988 
- 
- 
11,988 
64,695 
9,745 
1,247,414 
42,558 
- 
1,376,400 
54,191 
650 
- 
54,841 

1 The portfolio in level 3 includes Visa C shares. 
2 The portfolio in level 3 includes HUF 26,571 million Ukrainian and HUF 27,415 million Russian government bonds. 
3 The detailed list of equity investments measured at fair value categorized in level 3 is presented in Note 43. 

The fair value of investment properties is presented in Note 14 and they are categorized in level 3. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

609 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 48:  FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

48.4.   Fair value levels [continued] 

Movements in Level 3 financial instruments measured at fair value 

The following table shows a reconciliation of the opening and closing amount of Level 3 financial assets and liabilities which are recorded at fair value: 

31/12/2023 

Non-trading securities mandatorily 

at fair value through profit or loss 
Interest-bearing securities at fair value 

through other comprehensive income2 
Non-interest-bearing instruments at fair value  

through other comprehensive income 

Loans mandatorily at 

fair value through profit or loss1 

Equity instruments measured at fair value 
Financial assets measured 

 at fair value total 

Financial liabilities 

designated at fair value 
through profit or loss 

Negative fair value of held-for-trading 

derivative financial liabilities 
Financial liabilities designated 

at fair value total 

Opening 
balance  

Purchase / Issuance / 
Disbursement (+) 

Settlement / 
Close / Sale (-) 

FVA (+/-) 

Transfer (+/-) 

Fx effect / 
Revaluation 

Other 

Closing 
balance 

11,988 

64,695 

9,745 

1,247,414 
42,558 

1,376,400 

54,191 

650 

54,841 

- 

(3) 

78,411 

(21,594) 

- 

(2) 

154,902 
5,782 

(96,390) 
(4,769) 

(359) 

3,458 

- 

91,575 
498 

39 

(2,143) 

(2,704) 

394 
- 

(116) 

734 

12,283 

(2,838) 

(13,573) 

106,416 

(541) 

11 
93 

145 

2,579 
- 

6,643 

1,400,485 
44,162 

239,095 

(122,758) 

95,172 

(4,414) 

(3,391) 

(10,115) 

1,569,989 

- 

- 

- 

(1,332) 

- 

(1,332) 

4,543 

3,050 

7,593 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

13,305 

8 

13,313 

70,707 

3,708 

74,415 

1 HUF (91) million fair value adjustment resulting from risk factors and HUF 93,581 million adjustment resulting from market factors.are included into FVA change for the current period at loans mandatorily measured 
at fair value through profit or loss.  

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

610 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 48:  FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

48.4.   Fair value levels [continued] 

Movements in Level 3 financial instruments measured at fair value [continued] 

The following table shows a reconciliation of the opening and closing amount of Level 3 financial assets and liabilities which are recorded at fair value: 

31/12/2022 

Trading securities at fair value 

through profit or loss 

Positive fair value of derivative  

financial assets held for trading 
Non-trading securities mandatorily 

at fair value through profit or loss 
Interest-bearing securities at fair value 

through other comprehensive income2 
Non-interest-bearing instruments at fair value  

through other comprehensive income 

Loans mandatorily at 

fair value through profit or loss1 

Equity instruments measured at fair value 
Financial assets measured 

 at fair value total 

Financial liabilities 

designated at fair value 
through profit or loss 

Negative fair value of held-for-trading 

derivative financial liabilities 
Financial liabilities designated 

fair value total 

Opening 
balance  

Purchase / Issuance / 
Disbursement (+) 

Settlement / 
Close / Sale (-) 

FVA (+/-) 

Transfer (+/-) 

Fx effect / 
Revaluation 

Other 

Closing 
balance 

6 

10,170 

13,191 

55,476 

7,877 

1,067,830 
40,064 

1,194,614 

41,184 

- 

41,184 

- 

- 

1,171 

540 

441 

258,658 
18,097 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(10,170) 

(1,745) 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(6) 

- 

482 

(1,111) 

(32,866) 

15,310 

19,678 

(3,870) 

10,427 

- 

- 

11,988 

64,695 

9,745 

(422) 

(83,254) 
(27,360) 

- 

3,885 
11,064 

- 

- 
- 

278,907 

(143,902) 

18,344 

19,678 

- 

- 

- 

(1,624) 

(1,934) 

- 

650 

(1,624) 

(1,284) 

- 

- 

- 

2,819 

(970) 

(11) 
693 

113 

- 

- 

- 

306 
- 

1,247,414 
42,558 

8,646 

1,376,400 

16,565 

54,191 

- 

650 

16,565 

54,841 

1 HUF 13,346 million fair value adjustment resulting from risk factors and HUF (9,991) million adjustment resulting from market factors.are included into FVA change for the previous year at loans mandatorily measured 
at fair value through profit or loss. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

611 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 48:  FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

48.4.   Fair value levels [continued] 

Valuation techniques on Level 2 instruments 

The fair value of Level 2 instruments is calculated by discounting their expected interest and capital cash flows. Discounting is done with the respective swap curve of each 
currency. 

Valuation techniques and sensitivity analysis on Level 3 instruments 

Sensitivity analysis is performed on products with significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) to generate a range of reasonably possible alternative valuations. The sensitivity 
methodologies applied take account of the nature of the valuation techniques used, as well as the availability and reliability of observable proxy and historical date and the 
impact of using alternative models. 
The calculation is based on a range or spread data of reliable reference source or a scenario based on relevant market analysis alongside the impact of using alternative models. 
Sensitivities are calculated without reflecting the impact of any diversification in the portfolio. 

Unobservable inputs used in measuring fair value 

Type of financial instrument 

Presentation in the Statement of Financial Position 

Valuation technique 

VISA C shares 

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss 

MFB refinanced loans 
Subsidized personal loans 
Subsidized personal loans 
Subsidized personal loans 

Loans mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss 
Loans mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss 
Loans mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss 
Loans mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss 

Market approach combined  
with expert judgement. 
Discounted cash flow model 
Discounted cash flow model 
Discounted cash flow model 
Discounted cash flow model 

Ministry of Finance of Russia 
Ministry of Finance of Ukraine 
Subsidized mortgage loan for families "CSOK"  Loans mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss 
Subsidized mortgage loan for families "CSOK"  Loans mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss 

Securities at fair value through other comprehensive income 
Securities at fair value through other comprehensive income 

Discounted cash flow model 
Discounted cash flow model 
Discounted cash flow model 
Discounted cash flow model 

Credit risk  
Credit risk  
Probability of default 
Operational costs 

Significant 
unobservable input 

Range of estimates for 
unobservable input 

 Illiquidity 

+ 12% / (12%) 

Probability of default 
Probability of default 
Operational costs 
Demography 

+ 20% / (20)% 
+ 20% / (20)% 
+20% / (20)% 
Change in the cash flow  
estimation + 5% /(5)% 
+15% / (15)% 
+1% / (1)% 
+20% / (20)% 
+20% / (20)% 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

612 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 48:  FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

48.4.   Fair value levels [continued] 

The effect of unobservable inputs on fair value measurement 

Although the Group believes that its estimates of fair value are appropriate, the use of different methodologies or assumptions could lead to different measurements of fair value. 
For fair value measurements in Level 3 changing the assumptions used to reasonably possible alternative assumptions would have the following effects. 

31/12/2023 

Presentation in the Statement of Financial Position 

Unobservable inputs  Book value 

Fair values 

Effect on profit and loss 

Favourable  Unfavourable  Favourable  Unfavourable 

VISA C shares 
MFB refinanced loans 
Subsidised personal loans 
Subsidised personal loans 
Subsidised personal loans 
Russian government bonds 
Ukrainian government bonds 
Subsidized mortgage loan for 

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss 
Loans mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss 
Loans mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss 
Loans mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss 
Loans mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss 
Securities at fair value through other comprehensive income  Credit risk 
Securities at fair value through other comprehensive income  Credit risk 

Illiquidity 
Probability of default 
Probability of default 
Operational costs 
Demography 

10,301 
19,154 
911,190 
911,190 
911,190 
22,452 
78,355 

11,538 
19,499 
913,292 
916,712 
911,939 
27,909 
79,138 

9,065 
18,809 
909,097 
905,728 
910,577 
16,995 
77,572 

families "CSOK" 

Loans mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss 

Probability of default 

463,926 

464,170 

463,682 

1,237 
345 
2,102 
5,522 
749 
5,457 
783 

244 

(1,236) 
(345) 
(2,093) 
(5,462) 
(613) 
(5,457) 
(783) 

(244) 

Subsidized mortgage loan for 

families "CSOK" 

Loans mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss 

Operational costs 

Total 

463,926 
3,791,684 

470,864 
3,815,061 

457,215 
3,768,741 

6,938 
23,376 

(6,711) 
(22,944) 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

613 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 48:  FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

48.4.   Fair value levels [continued] 

The effect of unobservable inputs on fair value measurement [continued] 

31/12/2022 

Presentation in the Statement of Financial Position 

Unobservable 

Book value 

Fair values 

Effect on profit and loss 

Favourable  Unfavourable  Favourable  Unfavourable 

VISA C shares 
MFB refinanced loans 
Subsidised personal loans 
Subsidised personal loans 
Subsidised personal loans 
Russian government bonds 
Ukrainian government bonds 
Subsidized mortgage loan for 

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss 
Loans mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss 
Loans mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss 
Loans mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss 
Loans mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss 
Securities at fair value through other comprehensive income 
Securities at fair value through other comprehensive income 

Illiquidity 
Probability of default 
Probability of default 
Operational costs 
Demography 
Credit risk 
Credit risk 

2,951 
15,483 
772,094 
772,094 
772,094 
37,580 
26,571 

3,430 
15,602 
773,281 
777,898 
774,528 
50,468 
26,571 

2,472 
15,364 
770,911 
769,012 
769,544 
24,692 
26,571 

479 
119 
1,187 
5,804 
2,434 
12,888 
- 

(479) 
(119) 
(1,183) 
(3,082) 
(2,550) 
(12,888) 
- 

families "CSOK" 

Loans mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss 

Probability of default 

454,164 

454,383 

453,945 

219 

(219) 

Subsidized mortgage loan for 

families "CSOK" 

Loans mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss 

Operational costs 

Total 

454,164 
3,307,195 

459,950 
3,336,111 

448,558 
3,281,069 

5,786 
28,916 

(5,606) 
(26,126) 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

614 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 48:  FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

48.4.   Fair value levels [continued] 

The effect of unobservable inputs on fair value measurement [continued] 

The favourable and unfavourable effects of using reasonably possible alternative assumptions for the valuation of 
Visa C shares have been calculated by modifying the discount rate used for the valuation by +/-12% as being the 
best estimates of the management as at 31 December 2023 and 2022, respectively. 

In the case of Hungarian Development Bank (“MFB”) refinancing loans and subsidised personal loans the Bank 
calculated  the  favourable  and  unfavourable  effects  of  using  reasonably  possible  alternative  assumptions  by 
modifying the rates of probability of default by +/- 20% as one of the most significant unobservable inputs. 
In  case  of  subsidised  personal  loans  operational  cost  and  factors  related  to  demography  are  considered  as 
unobservable inputs to the applied fair value calculation model in addition to credit risk.  
The Bank calculated the favourable and unfavourable effects of using reasonably possible alternative assumptions 
by modifying the rates of operational costs by +/- 20% as one of the most significant unobservable inputs.  

In case of subsidised personal loans cash flow estimation are based on assumption related to the future number of 
childbirths performed by the debtors both in the current and the comparative period. According to the assumptions 
used in comparative period 15% of the debtors will not fulfill the conditions of the subsidy determined by the 
government after 5 years (“breach of conditions”), thereby debtors will be obliged to pay back the interest subsidy 
given  in  advance.  Furthermore,  in  this  case  subsidised  loans  are  converted  to  loans  provided based  on  market 
conditions. Loans are prepaid by the government as part of the subsidy after the second and the third childbirth 
following the signatory of the loan contract. The Bank calculated the favourable and unfavourable effects of using 
reasonably possible alternative assumptions by modifying the demographical assumption of breach of conditions 
by +/- 5% as the most significant unobservable input in the cash flow estimation. 

For the year ended 31 December 2022 the Bank used a new and more detailed model for cash flow calculations of 
the subsidised personal loans. The new model uses more scenarios compared to the previous one. These scenarios 
based on the above-mentioned events (child births after signatory and breach of conditions) and also the event of 
divorce.  The  model  uses  public  statistical  information  for  these  events  to  estimate.  The  Bank  calculated  the 
favourable  and  unfavourable  effects  of  using  reasonably  possible  alternative  assumptions  by  modifying  the 
demographical assumption of future child births by +/-5% as one of the most significant unobservable inputs in 
the cash flow estimation. 

The favourable and unfavourable effects of using reasonably possible alternative assumptions for the valuation of 
FVOCI securities have been calculated by modifying the discount rate used for the valuation by +/-15% and +/-
1% as being the best estimates of the management as at 31 December 2023 and 2022, respectively.

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

615 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 49:  SEGMENT REPORTING BY BUSINESS AND GEOGRAPHICAL SEGMENTS 

(in HUF mn) 

The  Group  distinguishes  business  and  geographical  segments.  The  report  on  the  base  of  the  business  and 
geographical segments is reported below. 

The reportable segments of the Group on the base of IFRS 8 are as the follows: 
OTP  Core  Hungary,  Russia,  Ukraine,  Bulgaria,  Romania,  Serbia,  Croatia,  Montenegro,  Albania,  Moldova, 
Slovenia,  Uzbekistan,  Merkantil  Group,  Asset  Management  subsidiaries  and  Other  subsidiaries.  Although 
Romanian segment is classified as discontinued operation from 2023 in these consolidated financial statements, 
segment  reporting  still  contains  it  as  a  separate  segment  because  –  in  line  with  the  structure  of  the  financial 
statements monitored by the management (Stock Exchange Report) – the Romanian operation was presented in a 
way as if it was still classified as continuing operation. 

OTP  Core  is  an  economic  unit  for  measuring  the  result  of  core  business  activity  of  the  Group  in  Hungary.  
Financials for OTP Core are calculated from the partially Consolidated Financial Statements of the companies 
engaged in the Group’s underlying banking operation in Hungary. These companies include OTP Bank Hungary 
Plc, OTP Mortgage Bank Ltd., OTP Building Society Ltd., OTP Factoring Ltd., OTP Financial Point Ltd., and 
companies providing intragroup financing. The Bank Employee Stock Ownership Plan Organization was included 
from the fourth quarter of 2016; OTP Card Factory Ltd., OTP Facility Management Llc., Monicomp Ltd. and OTP 
Real Estate Lease Ltd. were included from the first quarter of 2017 (from the first quarter of 2019 OTP Real Estate 
Lease Ltd. was eliminated from OTP Core); OTP Mobile Service Llc., OTP Ingatlanpont Llc. were included from 
the first quarter of 2019, OTP Ecosystem Ltd. (previous name: OTP eBIZ Ltd. it was eliminated from the first 
quarter of 2023) from the first quarter of 2020 and OTP Home Solutions Ltd. was included from the second quarter 
of 2021. The consolidated results of these companies were segmented into OTP Core and Corporate Centre until 
the end of 2022. According to the new methodology applied from the first quarter of 2023, Corporate Centre is no 
longer carved out of OTP  Core. In the tables of Note 49, the 2022 base periods were presented under the new 
segment definitions. 

Until the end of 2022 Corporate Centre acted as a virtual entity established by the equity investment of OTP Core 
for managing the wholesale  financing activity for all the subsidiaries within the Group but outside OTP Core. 
Therefore, the balance sheet of the Corporate Centre was funded by the equity and intragroup lending received 
from OTP Core, the intragroup lending received from other subsidiaries, and the subordinated debt and senior 
notes issued by OTP Bank. From this funding pool, the Corporate Centre was to provide intragroup lending to, 
and hold equity stakes in OTP subsidiaries outside OTP Core. Main subsidiaries financed by Corporate  Centre 
were as follows: Hungarians: Merkantil Bank Ltd, OTP Real Estate Lease Ltd, OTP Fund Management Ltd, OTP 
Real  Estate  Investment  Fund  Management  Ltd,  OTP  Life  Annuity  Ltd;  foreigners:  banks,  leasing  companies, 
factoring companies. Starting from 2023 Corporate Centre is no longer carved out of OTP Core.  

The  balance  sheet  of  Ipoteka  Bank  in  Uzbekistan  was  consolidated  from  June  2023.  The  adjusted  profit 
contribution of Ipoteka Bank was recognized in the consolidated profit or loss from the third quarter of 2023. 

The results of foreign factoring companies (OTP Factoring Ukraine LLC, OTP Factoring Bulgaria LLC (it was 
merged into DSK Bank EAD in the second quarter of 2023), OTP Factoring Serbia d.o.o., and OTP Debt Collection 
d.o.o.  (formerly  known  as:  OTP  Factoring  Montenegro  d.o.o.)),  as  well  as  the  foreign  leasing  companies  are 
included into the relevant foreign bank’s segment. 

The Other subsidiaries include, among others: OTP Real Estate Ltd., OTP Life Annuity Ltd, OTP Funds Servicing 
and Consulting Ltd. 

The reportable business and geographical segments of the Group are those components where: 

- 
- 
- 
- 

separated income and expenses, assets and liabilities can be identified and assignable to the segments, 
transactions between the different segments were eliminated, 
the main decisive board of the Group regularly controls the operating results, 
separated financial information is available.  

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

616 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 49:  SEGMENT REPORTING BY BUSINESS AND GEOGRAPHICAL SEGMENTS 

(in HUF mn) [continued] 

Adjustments  

Effect of acquisitions (after income tax): 

In 2023 altogether HUF 64.9 billion positive amount appeared on the effect of acquisitions adjustment line (after 
tax): 

o  This was partially related to the badwill realized on the two acquisitions closed during the first six months 

of 2023, and the related initial risk costs:  
▪  The badwill impact of the Slovenian Nova KBM acquisition completed in February comprised +HUF 

▪ 

100 billion, and the initial risk cost represented HUF (12.6) billion (after tax).  
In June 2023 the first step of the Ipoteka Bank transaction was finalized in Uzbekistan, entailing a one-
off consolidation impact of +HUF 59.8 billion (after tax) in 2023 as a whole, through two major items: 
the adjusted badwill amounted to +HUF 93.9 billion, whereas the initial risk cost represented HUF (34) 
billion after tax.  

o  OTP Bank on 9 February 2024 concluded a share sale and purchase agreement to sell its Romanian entities. 
The selling price is EUR 347.5 million which is smaller than the net asset value of the to be sold subsidiaries 
recognized in the consolidated accounts, accordingly the transaction resulted in a negative P&L impact of 
HUF 59.5 billion (after tax) on consolidated level, which was booked in 4Q 2023. 

o  The remaining amount presented on this adjustment line comprised integration costs and other direct effects 

related to acquisitions (such as customer base value amortization).  

Special taxes on financial institutions (after income tax):  

In  2023  HUF  (62.6)  billion  special  taxes  on  financial  institutions  weighed  on  earnings  (after  tax)  which 
incorporates both the old banking tax in Hungary (HUF (25.2) billion after tax) and the windfall tax on extra profits 
(HUF (37.4) billion after tax). 

Interest rate cap in Hungary and in Serbia: 

In 2023 altogether HUF (32.9) billion (after tax) amount was recognized in relation to the expected negative impact 
of the rate cap scheme in Hungary ((25.8) billion after tax effect) and the temporary rate cap on certain outstanding 
and newly disbursed mortgage loans in Serbia between October 2023 and the end of 2024 ((7.1) billion after tax 
effect). According to the effective regulation, in Hungary the interest rate caps on the affected Hungarian mortgage 
loans was extended until 30 June 2024, and until 1 April 2024 in the case of MSE loans. 

Effect of the liquidation of Sberbank Hungary: 

In  2023  HUF  10.4  billion  (after  tax)  recovery  was  accounted  for  in  the  wake  of  the  winding  up  of  Sberbank 
Hungary, as the National Bank of Hungary and the Hungarian Deposit Insurance Fund professionally managed 
the issue. In 2022 a similar negative amount was booked.  

Result of the treasury share swap agreement (after tax): 

In 2023 HUF 10.7 billion after tax result was recorded in relation to the OTP-MOL treasury share swap agreement, 
which contains both the dividends paid by MOL Plc. and the net present value change of the structure. 

Explanation to the segments in the following table below: 

3;  4;  6:  The  segments  distinguished  by  geographical  basis  contain  banks  in  that  country  and  sometimes  other 
financial  institutions (like leasing or factoring companies) or other companies. The incomes mainly arise from 
providing financial services like: collecting deposits, granting loans, leasing and treasury activities, payment and 
investment services and other financial services. 
7: Merkantil Group conducts leasing activities in Hungary, originates its income from providing leasing services 
(financing cars and production equipment). 
8: Incomes arising in this segment is mainly fee income of fund management companies in Hungary, Bulgaria, 
Romania, Ukraine based on capital in investment funds or assets in funds. 
9: The activities of other Hungarian and foreign subsidiaries are very divergent, so their income also originates 
from different sources. The main part of the income in the Other subsidiaries segment comes from the activities 
of OTP Funds Servicing and Consulting, OTP Real Estate, OTP Real Estate Investment  Fund Management and 
PortfoLion Funds. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

617 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 49:  SEGMENT REPORTING BY BUSINESS AND GEOGRAPHICAL SEGMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

Information regarding the Group’s reportable segments is presented below: 

As at 31 December 2023 

Main components of the consolidated statement of profit or loss in HUF million 

Profit after income tax for the year from continued and  

discontinued operations 

Profit after income tax for the year from discontinued operations 
Profit after income tax for the year from continued operations 

Adjustments (total) 

Dividends and net cash transfers (after income tax) 
Goodwill /investment impairment (after income tax) 
Special tax on financial institutions (after income tax) 
Effect of acquisition (after income tax) 
Result of the treasury share swap agreement 

at OTP Core (after income tax) 

Loss allowance on Russian government bonds at OTP Core and DSK Bank  

 (after income tax) 

Effect of the winding up of Sberbank Hungary (after income tax) 
Expected one-off effect of the extension of the interest rate cap  
for certain retail loans in Hungary (after income tax) 

OTP Group - in the 
consolidated statement of 
profit or loss - structure of 
accounting reports 
a 

Adjustments on the 
accounting in Recognized 
Income  

b 

OTP Group - in the 
consolidated statement of 
profit or loss - structure of 
management reports 
1=a+b 

990,459 
(21,246) 
1,011,705 

21,246 
21,246 
(18,123) 
(1,911) 
(3,919) 
(62,551) 
64,887 

10,680 

(2,799) 
10,388 

(32,898) 

990,459 
- 
990,459 
(18,123) 
(1,911) 
(3,919) 
(62,551) 
64,887 

10,680 

(2,799) 
10,388 

(32,898) 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

618 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 49:  SEGMENT REPORTING BY BUSINESS AND GEOGRAPHICAL SEGMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

Information regarding the Group’s reportable segments is presented below [continued]: 

As at 31 December 2023 [continued] 

Main components of the consolidated statement of profit or loss 
in HUF million 

OTP Group - in the 
consolidated statement 
of profit or loss - 
structure of accounting 
reports 

Adjustments 
on the 
accounting in 
Recognized 
Income  

OTP Group - in the 
consolidated 
statement of profit or 
loss - structure of 
management reports 

a 

b 

1=a+b; 1=2+3+4+5 

Hungarian segment and 
other foreign 
subsidiaries not reported 
in "Foreign bank 
segment" subtotal 
(without adjustments) 
2 

Foreign banks in 
EU subtotal 
(without 
adjustments) 

Foreign banks 
not in EU 
subtotal 
(without 
adjustments) 

Eliminations 
and 
adjustments 

3 

4 

5 

Consolidated adjusted profit after income tax for the year  

Profit before income tax 

Adjusted operating profit 
Adjusted total income  

Adjusted net interest income 
Adjusted net profit 

 from fees and commissions 

Adjusted other net non-interest income  
Adjusted other administrative expenses 

Personnel expenses 
Depreciation and amortization 
Other general expenses 
Gains from derecognition of  

financial assets at amortized cost 

Modification loss 
Total risk costs 

Adjusted loss allowance on 

financial assets and liabilities 
(without the effect of revaluation of FX) 

Goodwill impairment 
Other impairment (adjustment) 

from this: Adjusted impairment under IAS 36 

Income tax 

Total Assets 
Total Liabilities 

1,011,705 
1,201,183 
1,365,111 
2,439,448 
1,386,706 

691,993 
360,749 
(1,074,337) 
(478,696) 
(111,996) 
(483,645) 

(17,182) 
(38,141) 
(108,605) 

(79,281) 
- 
(29,324) 
(5,216) 
(189,478) 

(3,123) 
21,145 
(85,737) 
(196,339) 
72,988 

(213,847) 
(55,480) 
110,602 
(25,263) 
16,435 
119,430 

6,624 
36,909 
63,349 

37,766 
- 
25,583 
3,566 
(24,268) 

38,075,811 
34,374,431 

1,533,333 
1,139,920 

1,008,582  
1,222,328  
1,279,374  
2,243,109  
1,459,694  

478,146  
305,269  
(963,735) 
(503,959) 
(95,561) 
(364,215) 

(10,558) 
(1,232) 
(45,256) 

(41,515) 
-  
(3,741) 
(1,650) 
(213,746) 

39,609,144  
35,514,351  

364,621 
437,074 
432,460 
903,559 
474,616 

240,942 
188,001 
(471,099) 
(229,992) 
(52,017) 
(189,090) 

(20,137) 
(27) 
24,778 

16,023 
- 
8,755 
(452) 
(72,453) 
- 
20,253,197 
17,276,859 

404,779 
450,536 
445,671 
730,860 
543,257 
- 
149,074 
38,529 
(285,189) 
(149,674) 
(22,271) 
(113,244) 

8,261 
- 
(3,396) 

(4,475) 
- 
1,079 
(1,037) 
(45,757) 
- 
17,227,907 
15,071,959 

238,565 
333,369 
400,279 
622,761 
439,685 
- 
89,263 
93,813 
(222,482) 
(125,163) 
(20,738) 
(76,581) 

1,572 
(1,209) 
(67,273) 

(53,493) 
- 
(13,780) 
(130) 
(94,804) 
- 
8,331,503 
7,128,153 

617 
1,349 
964 
(14,071) 
2,136 

(1,133) 
(15,074) 
15,035 
870 
(535) 
14,700 

(254) 
4 
635 

430 
- 
205 
(31) 
(732) 

(6,203,463) 
(3,962,620) 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

619 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 49:  SEGMENT REPORTING BY BUSINESS AND GEOGRAPHICAL SEGMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

Information regarding the Group’s reportable segments is presented below [continued]: 

As at 31 December 2023 [continued] 

Main components of the consolidated statement of profit or loss 
in HUF million [continued] 

Consolidated adjusted profit after income tax for the year  

Profit before income tax 

Adjusted operating profit 
Adjusted total income  

Adjusted net interest income 
Adjusted net profit 

 from fees and commissions 

Adjusted other net non-interest income  
Adjusted other administrative expenses 

Personnel expenses 
Depreciation and amortization 
Other general expenses 

Gains from derecognition of  

financial assets at amortized cost 

Modification loss 
Total risk costs 

Adjusted loss allowance on 

financial assets and liabilities 
(without the effect of revaluation of FX) 

Goodwill impairment 
Other impairment (adjustment) 

from this: Adjusted impairment under IAS 36 

Income tax 

Total Assets 
Total Liabilities 

Hungarian segment and other 
foreign subsidiaries not 
reported in "Foreign bank 
segment" subtotal (without 
adjustments) 
2=6+…+9 

OTP CORE 
(Hungary) 

Merkantil 
Group 
(Hungary) 

Asset 
Management 
subsidiaries 

Other 
subsidiaries 

6 

7 

8 

9 

364,621 
437,074 
432,460 
903,559 
474,616 

240,942 
188,001 
(471,099) 
(229,992) 
(52,017) 
(189,090) 

(20,137) 
(27) 
24,778 

16,023 
- 
8,755 
(452) 
(72,453) 

302,936 
366,502 
360,132 
771,037 
432,651 

197,104 
141,282 
(410,905) 
(205,223) 
(44,745) 
(160,937) 

(20,690) 
- 
27,060 

16,977 
- 
10,083 
(1,816) 
(63,566) 

20,253,197 
17,276,859 

18,459,423 
16,087,459 

10,266 
11,949 
14,382 
27,428 
26,257 

759 
412 
(13,046) 
(6,658) 
(1,648) 
(4,740) 

553 
(27) 
(2,959) 

(2,756) 
- 
(203) 
(4) 
(1,683) 

930,761 
869,524 

19,860 
22,376 
22,425 
29,051 
52 

27,056 
1,943 
(6,626) 
(4,437) 
(195) 
(1,994) 

- 
- 
(49) 

(39) 
- 
(10) 
- 
(2,516) 

42,031 
11,609 

31,559 
36,247 
35,521 
76,043 
15,656 

16,023 
44,364 
(40,522) 
(13,674) 
(5,429) 
(21,419) 

- 
- 
726 

1,841 
- 
(1,115) 
1,368 
(4,688) 

820,982 
308,267 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

620 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 49:  SEGMENT REPORTING BY BUSINESS AND GEOGRAPHICAL SEGMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

Information regarding the Group’s reportable segments is presented below [continued]: 

As at 31 December 2023 [continued] 

Main components of the consolidated statement of profit or loss in 
HUF million [continued] 

Foreign banks in EU 
subtotal (without 
adjustments) 
3=10+…+13 

DSK Bank AD 
(Bulgaria) 

OTP banka d.d. 
(Croatia) 

10 

11 

SKB Banka and 
Nova KBM d.d. 
(Slovenia) 
12 

OTP Bank 
Romania S.A. 
(Romania) 
13 

Consolidated adjusted profit after income tax for the year  

Profit before income tax 

Adjusted operating profit 
Adjusted total income  

Adjusted net interest income 
Adjusted net profit 

 from fees and commissions 

Adjusted other net non-interest income  
Adjusted other administrative expenses 

Personnel expenses 
Depreciation and amortization 
Other general expenses 

Gains from derecognition of  

financial assets at amortized cost 

Modification loss 
Total risk costs 

Adjusted loss allowance on 

financial assets and liabilities 
(without the effect of revaluation of FX) 

Goodwill impairment 
Other impairment (adjustment) 

from this: Adjusted impairment under IAS 36 

Income tax 

Total Assets 
Total Liabilities 

404,779 
450,536 
445,671 
730,860 
543,257 

149,074 
38,529 
(285,189) 
(149,674) 
(22,271) 
(113,244) 

8,261 
- 
(3,396) 

(4,475) 
- 
1,079 
(1,037) 
(45,757) 

17,227,907 
15,071,959 

201,991 
223,731 
217,238 
315,980 
226,693 

72,366 
16,921 
(98,742) 
(47,720) 
(7,855) 
(43,167) 

1,638 
- 
4,855 

1,141 
- 
3,714 
(838) 
(21,740) 

6,456,668 
5,566,481 

53,960 
65,746 
66,743 
122,952 
90,996 

25,661 
6,295 
(56,209) 
(29,235) 
(4,785) 
(22,189) 

- 
- 
(997) 

721 
- 
(1,718) 
(25) 
(11,786) 

3,278,199 
2,874,712 

128,729 
137,401 
140,717 
223,315 
171,703 

46,028 
5,584 
(82,598) 
(46,411) 
(5,602) 
(30,585) 

- 
- 
(3,316) 

(2,485) 
- 
(831) 
- 
(8,672) 

20,099 
23,658 
20,973 
68,613 
53,865 

5,019 
9,729 
(47,640) 
(26,308) 
(4,029) 
(17,303) 

6,623 
- 
(3,938) 

(3,852) 
- 
(86) 
(174) 
(3,559) 

5,892,803 
5,223,180 

1,600,237 
1,407,586 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

621 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 49:  SEGMENT REPORTING BY BUSINESS AND GEOGRAPHICAL SEGMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

Information regarding the Group’s reportable segments is presented below [continued]: 

As at 31 December 2023 [continued] 

Main components of the consolidated statement of profit or loss in 
HUF million [continued] 

Foreign banks not 
in EU subtotal 
(without 
adjustments) 
4=14+…+20 

OTP banka 
Srbija a.d. 
(Serbia) 

OTP Bank 
JSC 
(Ukraine) 

14 

15 

JSC "OTP 
Bank" (Russia) 
and Touch 
Bank 
16 

Crnogorska 
komercijalna 
banka a.d. 
(Montenegro) 
17 

Banka OTP 
Albania SHA 
(Albania) 

OTP Bank 
S.A. 
(Moldova) 

JSCMB 
Ipoteka Bank 
(Uzbekistan) 

18 

19 

20 

Consolidated adjusted profit after income tax for the year  

Profit before income tax 

Adjusted operating profit 
Adjusted total income  

Adjusted net interest income 
Adjusted net profit 

 from fees and commissions 

Adjusted other net non-interest income  
Adjusted other administrative expenses 

Personnel expenses 
Depreciation and amortization 
Other general expenses 
Gains from derecognition of  

financial assets at amortized cost 

Modification loss 
Total risk costs 

Adjusted loss allowance on 

financial assets and liabilities 
(without the effect of revaluation of FX) 

Goodwill impairment 
Other impairment (adjustment) 

from this: Adjusted impairment under IAS 36 

Income tax 

Total Assets 
Total Liabilities 

238,565 
333,369 
400,279 
622,761 
439,685 

89,263 
93,813 
(222,482) 
(125,163) 
(20,738) 
(76,581) 

1,572 
(1,209) 
(67,273) 

(53,493) 
- 
(13,780) 
(130) 
(94,804) 

68,025 
78,646 
83,734 
133,591 
104,050 

18,419 
11,122 
(49,857) 
(25,710) 
(3,661) 
(20,486) 

53 
- 
(5,141) 

(2,348) 
- 
(2,793) 
(93) 
(10,621) 

45,184 
82,358 
78,294 
108,854 
93,450 

10,837 
4,567 
(30,560) 
(18,046) 
(2,472) 
(10,042) 

328 
(1,239) 
4,975 

11,565 
- 
(6,590) 
- 
(37,174) 

95,666 
130,172 
149,298 
223,645 
122,084 

40,831 
60,730 
(74,347) 
(45,063) 
(8,660) 
(20,624) 

1,487 
- 
(20,613) 

(17,765) 
- 
(2,848) 
- 
(34,506) 

8,331,503 
7,128,153 

2,874,794 
2,506,449 

1,036,912 
879,824 

1,470,796 
1,196,279 

21,814 
25,737 
23,536 
38,362 
29,717 

7,797 
848 
(14,826) 
(6,910) 
(1,645) 
(6,271) 

932 
30 
1,239 

1,967 
- 
(728) 
- 
(3,923) 

663,676 
550,672 

15,033 
18,173 
18,269 
33,387 
27,912 

3,729 
1,746 
(15,118) 
(5,798) 
(1,494) 
(7,826) 

(219) 
- 
123 

327 
- 
(204) 
- 
(3,140) 

669,765 
588,663 

14,700 
16,759 
13,440 
25,268 
16,349 

2,389 
6,530 
(11,828) 
(7,013) 
(1,234) 
(3,581) 

(1,009) 
- 
4,328 

4,115 
- 
213 
(37) 
(2,059) 

(21,857) 
(18,476) 
33,708 
59,654 
46,123 

5,261 
8,270 
(25,946) 
(16,623) 
(1,572) 
(7,751) 

- 
- 
(52,184) 

(51,354) 
- 
(830) 
- 
(3,381) 

428,192 
364,839 

1,187,368 
1,041,427 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

622 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 49:  SEGMENT REPORTING BY BUSINESS AND GEOGRAPHICAL SEGMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

Information regarding the Group’s reportable segments is presented below [continued]: 

As at 31 December 2022 

Main components of the consolidated statement of profit or loss in HUF million 

Profit after income tax for the year from continued and  

discontinued operations 

Profit after income tax for the year from held-for-sale operation 
Profit after income tax for the year from discontinued operations 
Profit after income tax for the year from continued operations 

Adjustments (total) 

Dividends and net cash transfers (after income tax) 
Goodwill /investment impairment (after income tax) 
Special tax on financial institutions (after income tax) 
Effect of acquisition (after income tax) 
Expected one-off negative effect of the debt repayment  

moratorium in Hungary (after income tax) 
Result of the treasury share swap agreement 

at OTP Core (after income tax) 

Loss allowance on Russian government bonds at OTP Core and DSK Bank  

 (after income tax) 

Effect of the winding up of Sberbank Hungary (after income tax) 
Expected one-off effect of the extension of the interest rate cap  
for certain retail loans in Hungary (after income tax) 

OTP Group - in the 
consolidated statement of 
profit or loss - structure of 
accounting reports 
a 

Adjustments on the 
accounting in Recognized 
Income  

b 

OTP Group - in the 
consolidated statement of 
profit or loss - structure of 
management reports 
1=a+b 

347,081 
11,444 
16,559 
319,078 

(11,444) 
(16,559) 
(28,003) 
(245,467) 
1,927 
(59,254) 
(91,353) 
(15,594) 

(2,473) 

3,028 

(34,775) 
(10,388) 

(36,585) 

347,081 
- 
- 
347,081 
(245,467) 
1,927 
(59,254) 
(91,353) 
(15,594) 

(2,473) 

3,028 

(34,775) 
(10,388) 

(36,585) 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

623 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 49:  SEGMENT REPORTING BY BUSINESS AND GEOGRAPHICAL SEGMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

Information regarding the Group’s reportable segments is presented below [continued]: 

As at 31 December 2022 [continued] 

Main components of the consolidated statement of profit or loss 
in HUF million 

OTP Group - in the 
consolidated statement 
of profit or loss - 
structure of accounting 
reports 

Adjustments 
on the 
accounting in 
Recognized 
Income  

OTP Group - in the 
consolidated 
statement of profit or 
loss - structure of 
management reports 

a 

b 

1=a+b; 1=2+3+4+5 

Hungarian segment and 
other foreign 
subsidiaries not reported 
in "Foreign bank 
segment" subtotal 
(without adjustments) 
2 

Foreign banks in 
EU subtotal 
(without 
adjustments) 

Foreign banks 
not in EU 
subtotal 
(without 
adjustments) 

Eliminations 
and 
adjustments 

3 

4 

5 

Consolidated adjusted profit after income tax for the year  

Profit before income tax 

Adjusted operating profit 
Adjusted total income  

Adjusted net interest income 
Adjusted net profit 

 from fees and commissions 

Adjusted other net non-interest income  
Adjusted other administrative expenses 

Personnel expenses 
Depreciation and amortization 
Other general expenses 
Gains from derecognition of  

financial assets at amortized cost 

Modification loss 
Total risk costs 

Adjusted loss allowance on 

financial assets and liabilities 
(without the effect of revaluation of FX) 

Goodwill impairment 
Other impairment (adjustment) 

from this: adjusted impairment under IAS 36 

Income tax 

Total Assets 
Total Liabilities 

319,078 
377,678 
704,670 
1,634,686 
1,026,868 

584,491 
23,327 
(930,016) 
(377,728) 
(101,125) 
(451,163) 

(1,573) 
(39,997) 
(285,422) 

(199,695) 
(67,715) 
(18,012) 
(3,652) 
(58,600) 

32,804,210 
29,481,898 

273,470 
312,344 
168,945 
27,013 
66,711 

(187,373) 
147,675 
141,932 
(18,576) 
16,462 
144,046 

(82) 
40,822 
102,659 

60,166 
67,715 
(25,222) 
355 
(38,874) 

- 
- 

592,548  
690,022  
873,615  
1,661,699  
1,093,579  

397,118  
171,002  
(788,084) 
(396,304) 
(84,663) 
(307,117) 

(1,655) 
825  
(182,763) 

(139,529) 
-  
(43,234) 
(3,297) 
(97,474) 

32,804,210  
29,481,898  

304,293 
353,561 
361,426 
759,142 
448,001 

207,941 
103,200 
(397,716) 
(179,651) 
(46,891) 
(171,174) 

(7,342) 
- 
(523) 

34,015 
- 
(34,538) 
(1,356) 
(49,268) 

189,617 
217,950 
232,797 
446,844 
303,256 

113,606 
29,982 
(214,047) 
(108,850) 
(18,928) 
(86,269) 

1,746 
20 
(16,613) 

(9,672) 
- 
(6,941) 
(774) 
(28,333) 

92,869 
110,918 
278,563 
470,700 
341,577 

78,675 
50,448 
(192,137) 
(108,716) 
(18,482) 
(64,939) 

3,933 
805 
(172,383) 

(163,792) 
- 
(8,591) 
(1,166) 
(18,049) 

5,769 
7,593 
829 
(14,987) 
745 

(3,104) 
(12,628) 
15,816 
913 
(362) 
15,265 

8 
- 
6,756 

(80) 
- 
6,836 
(1) 
(1,824) 

19,265,918 
16,775,703 

12,650,295 
11,104,567 

6,452,844 
5,452,540 

(5,564,847) 
(3,850,912) 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

624 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 49:  SEGMENT REPORTING BY BUSINESS AND GEOGRAPHICAL SEGMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

Information regarding the Group’s reportable segments is presented below [continued]: 

As at 31 December 2022 [continued] 

Main components of the consolidated statement of profit or loss 
in HUF million [continued] 

Consolidated adjusted profit after income tax for the year  

Profit before income tax 

Adjusted operating profit 
Adjusted total income  

Adjusted net interest income 
Adjusted net profit 

 from fees and commissions 

Adjusted other net non-interest income  
Adjusted other administrative expenses 

Personnel expenses 
Depreciation and amortization 
Other general expenses 

Gains from derecognition of  

financial assets at amortized cost 

Modification loss 
Total risk costs 

Adjusted loss allowance on 

financial assets and liabilities 
(without the effect of revaluation of FX) 

Goodwill impairment 
Other impairment (adjustment) 

from this: adjusted impairment under IAS 36 

Income tax 

Total Assets 
Total Liabilities 

Hungarian segment and other 
foreign subsidiaries not 
reported in "Foreign bank 
segment" subtotal (without 
adjustments) 
2=6+…+9 

OTP CORE 
(Hungary) 

Merkantil 
Group 
(Hungary) 

Asset 
Management 
subsidiaries 

Other 
subsidiaries 

6 

7 

8 

9 

304,293 
353,561 
361,426 
759,142 
448,001 

207,941 
103,200 
(397,716) 
(179,651) 
(46,891) 
(171,174) 

(7,342) 
- 
(523) 

34,015 
- 
(34,538) 
(1,356) 
(49,268) 

256,198 
300,093 
302,801 
647,642 
417,662 

176,830 
53,150 
(344,841) 
(157,623) 
(40,538) 
(146,680) 

(7,198) 
- 
4,490 

34,925 
- 
(30,435) 
(58) 
(43,895) 

19,265,918 
16,775,703 

17,596,639 
15,580,210 

10,971 
12,616 
13,945 
24,780 
22,537 

921 
1,322 
(10,835) 
(5,371) 
(1,462) 
(4,002) 

(144) 
- 
(1,185) 

(939) 
- 
(246) 
(18) 
(1,645) 

948,735 
891,144 

9,619 
10,870 
10,955 
15,799 
32 

15,242 
525 
(4,844) 
(2,905) 
(251) 
(1,688) 

- 
- 
(85) 

- 
- 
(85) 
14 
(1,251) 

29,916 
11,180 

27,505 
29,982 
33,725 
70,921 
7,770 

14,948 
48,203 
(37,196) 
(13,752) 
(4,640) 
(18,804) 

- 
- 
(3,743) 

29 
- 
(3,772) 
(1,294) 
(2,477) 

690,628 
293,169 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

625 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 49:  SEGMENT REPORTING BY BUSINESS AND GEOGRAPHICAL SEGMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

Information regarding the Group’s reportable segments is presented below [continued]: 

As at 31 December 2022 [continued] 

Main components of the consolidated statement of profit or loss in 
HUF million [continued] 

Consolidated adjusted profit after income tax for the year  

Profit before income tax 

Adjusted operating profit 
Adjusted total income  

Adjusted net interest income 
Adjusted net profit 

 from fees and commissions 

Adjusted other net non-interest income  
Adjusted other administrative expenses 

Personnel expenses 
Depreciation and amortization 
Other general expenses 

Gains from derecognition of  

financial assets at amortized cost 

Modification loss 
Total risk costs 

Adjusted loss allowance on 

financial assets and liabilities 
(without the effect of revaluation of FX) 

Goodwill impairment 
Other impairment (adjustment) 

from this: adjusted impairment under IAS 36 

Income tax 

Total Assets 
Total Liabilities 

Foreign banks in EU 
subtotal (without 
adjustments) 
3=10+…+13 

DSK Bank AD 
(Bulgaria) 

OTP banka d.d. 
(Croatia) 

10 

11 

SKB Banka and 
Nova KBM d.d. 
(Slovenia) 
12 

OTP Bank 
Romania S.A. 
(Romania) 
13 

189,617 
217,950 
232,797 
446,844 
303,256 

113,606 
29,982 
(214,047) 
(108,850) 
(18,928) 
(86,269) 

1,746 
20 
(16,613) 

(9,672) 
- 
(6,941) 
(774) 
(28,333) 

12,650,295 
11,104,567 

119,884 
132,564 
142,393 
230,844 
145,461 

68,755 
16,628 
(88,451) 
(41,946) 
(7,831) 
(38,674) 

1,249 
- 
(11,078) 

(12,251) 
- 
1,173 
(367) 
(12,680) 

5,946,815 
5,167,720 

42,801 
52,095 
48,973 
102,001 
70,547 

24,692 
6,762 
(53,028) 
(27,020) 
(4,845) 
(21,163) 

578 
- 
2,544 

6,564 
- 
(4,020) 
122 
(9,294) 

23,859 
29,569 
24,046 
51,403 
33,688 

15,416 
2,299 
(27,357) 
(15,278) 
(1,671) 
(10,408) 

- 
20 
5,503 

7,028 
- 
(1,525) 
(53) 
(5,710) 

3,224,955 
2,834,372 

1,790,944 
1,596,100 

3,073 
3,722 
17,385 
62,596 
53,560 

4,743 
4,293 
(45,211) 
(24,606) 
(4,581) 
(16,024) 

(81) 
- 
(13,582) 

(11,013) 
- 
(2,569) 
(476) 
(649) 

1,687,581 
1,506,375 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

626 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 49:  SEGMENT REPORTING BY BUSINESS AND GEOGRAPHICAL SEGMENTS (in HUF mn) [continued] 

Information regarding the Group’s reportable segments is presented below [continued]: 

As at 31 December 2022 [continued] 

Main components of the consolidated statement of profit or loss in 
HUF million [continued] 

Consolidated adjusted profit after income tax for the year  

Profit before income tax 

Adjusted operating profit 
Adjusted total income  

Adjusted net interest income 
Adjusted net profit 

 from fees and commissions 

Adjusted other net non-interest income  
Adjusted other administrative expenses 

Personnel expenses 
Depreciation and amortization 
Other general expenses 
Gains from derecognition of  

financial assets at amortized cost 

Modification loss 
Total risk costs 

Adjusted loss allowance on 

financial assets and liabilities 
(without the effect of revaluation of FX) 

Goodwill impairment 
Other impairment (adjustment) 

from this: adjusted impairment under IAS 36 

Income tax 

Total Assets 
Total Liabilities 

Foreign banks not 
in EU subtotal 
(without 
adjustments) 
4=14+…+19 

OTP banka 
Srbija a.d. 
(Serbia) 

OTP Bank 
JSC 
(Ukraine) 

14 

15 

JSC "OTP 
Bank" (Russia) 
and Touch 
Bank 
16 

Crnogorska 
komercijalna 
banka a.d. 
(Montenegro) 
17 

Banka OTP 
Albania SHA 
(Albania) 

OTP Bank 
S.A. 
(Moldova) 

18 

19 

92,869 
110,918 
278,563 
470,700 
341,577 

78,675 
50,448 
(192,137) 
(108,716) 
(18,482) 
(64,939) 

3,933 
805 
(172,383) 

(163,792) 
- 
(8,591) 
(1,166) 
(18,049) 

6,452,844 
5,452,540 

36,873 
42,991 
58,543 
104,523 
76,635 

17,954 
9,934 
(45,980) 
(23,342) 
(3,342) 
(19,296) 

1,300 
2,062 
(18,914) 

(17,783) 
- 
(1,131) 
(151) 
(6,118) 

(15,923) 
(13,205) 
79,862 
110,805 
90,007 

12,673 
8,125 
(30,943) 
(18,170) 
(2,570) 
(10,203) 

286 
(1,245) 
(92,108) 

(89,877) 
- 
(2,231) 
(33) 
(2,718) 

42,548 
46,180 
98,137 
178,494 
118,004 

35,251 
25,239 
(80,357) 
(50,404) 
(8,712) 
(21,241) 

3,284 
- 
(55,241) 

(54,330) 
- 
(911) 
(263) 
(3,632) 

2,708,993 
2,350,873 

1,048,713 
926,221 

1,029,721 
723,417 

9,792 
11,976 
15,134 
28,816 
20,832 

7,106 
878 
(13,682) 
(6,529) 
(1,711) 
(5,442) 

(80) 
(12) 
(3,066) 

731 
- 
(3,797) 
(677) 
(2,184) 

664,395 
565,264 

10,174 
12,187 
9,335 
20,232 
16,927 

3,067 
238 
(10,897) 
(4,318) 
(1,023) 
(5,556) 

(671) 
- 
3,523 

3,176 
- 
347 
- 
(2,013) 

635,364 
574,537 

9,405 
10,789 
17,552 
27,830 
19,172 

2,624 
6,034 
(10,278) 
(5,953) 
(1,124) 
(3,201) 

(186) 
- 
(6,577) 

(5,709) 
- 
(868) 
(42) 
(1,384) 

365,658 
312,228 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

627 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 50:  ASSETS CLASSIFIED AS HELD FOR SALE AND DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS 

(in HUF mn) 

Discontinued operation 

On  9  February  2024  OTP  Bank  announced  the  signing  of  the  share  sale  and  purchase  agreement  to  sell  its 
Romanian operation. As a result of this, according to IFRS 5, as at the end of 2023 the Romanian operation was 
presented as assets /liabilities held for sale in the consolidated statement of financial position and as discontinued 
operation in the consolidated profit or loss. With regards to the consolidated financial position, all Romanian assets 
and liabilities were shown on a separate line in the 2023 closing financial position. As for the consolidated profit 
or loss, the Romanian contribution for both 2022 and 2023 was shown separately from the result of continuing 
operation, on the “Net (loss) / gain from discontinued operations” line, that is the particular profit or loss lines in 
the  ‘continuing  operations’  section  of  the  profit  or  loss  don’t  incorporate  the  contribution  from  the  Romanian 
subsidiaries. 
The  selling price  is EUR 347.5 million which is smaller than the net asset value of the to be sold subsidiaries 
recognized in the consolidated accounts, accordingly the transaction resulted in a negative profit or loss impact of 
HUF 55.9 billion (before tax) on consolidated level, which has already been booked in the fourth quarter of 2023. 
On  31  December  2023,  the  Romanian  segment  of  the  Group  which  was  classified  as  discontinued  operation 
includes the following companies: OTP Bank Romania S.A., OTP Asset Management SAI S.A., OTP Leasing 
Romania IFN S.A., OTP Factoring SRL, SC Favo Consultanta SRL, SC Aloha Buzz SRL, SC Tezaur Cont SRL. 

The major classes of assets and liabilities comprising the assets classified as held for sale and liabilities directly 
associated with assets classified as held for sale are as follows: 

Cash, amounts due from banks and balances with the National Banks 
Placements with other banks 
Repo receivables 
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss 
Securities at fair value through other comprehensive income 
Securities at amortized cost 
Loans at amortized cost 
Loans mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss 
Finance lease receivables 
Associates and other investments 
Property and equipment 
Intangible assets and goodwill 
Right-of-use assets 
Investment properties 
Derivative financial assets designated as hedge accounting 
Deferred tax assets 
Current income tax receivables 
Other assets 
TOTAL ASSETS 

Amounts due to banks, the National Governments,  
deposits from the National Banks and other banks 

Repo liabilities 
Financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss 
Deposits from customers 
Liabilities from issued securities 
Derivative financial liabilities held for trading 
Derivative financial liabilities designated as hedge accounting 
Leasing liabilities 
Deferred tax liabilities 
Current income tax payable 
Provisions 
Other liabilities 
TOTAL LIABILITIES 

31/12/2023 

199,587 
8,147 
- 
734 
39,430 
226,427 
1,013,582 
1,356 
67,068 
236 
10,313 
3,848 
4,299 
40 
- 
224 
55 
13,927 
1,589,273 

1,764 
- 
- 
1,095,853 
- 
311 
- 
4,348 
912 
1,865 
9,006 
25,861 
1,139,920 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

628 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 50:  ASSETS  CLASSIFIED  AS  HELD  FOR  SALE  AND  DISCONTINUED  OPERATIONS 

(in HUF mn) [continued] 

Discontinued operation [continued] 

The results of discontinued operations, which have been separated on line “Net (Loss) /Gain from discontinued 
operations” in the consolidated statement of profit or loss, were as follows: 

Year ended 31 
December 2023 

Year ended 31 
December 2022 

Interest income calculated using the effective interest method 
Income similar to interest income  

Interest income and income similar to interest income 
Interest expense 
NET INTEREST INCOME 

Loss allowance on loans, placements, amounts due from banks  

and on repo receivables 

Change in the fair value attributable to changes in the credit risk 
of 
loans mandatorily measured at fair value through profit of loss  
Release of loss allowance / (Loss allowance) on securities  
at fair value through other comprehensive income and  
on securities at amortized cost 

Release  of  provision  /  (Provision)  for  commitments  and 
guarantees given 
Release of impairment / (Impairment) of assets subject to  

operating lease and of investment properties 

Risk cost total 
NET INTEREST INCOME AFTER RISK COST 
Loss from derecognition 

of financial assets at amortized cost 

Modification loss 

Income from fees and commissions 
Expense from fees and commissions 
Net profit from fees and commissions  

Foreign exchange result, net 
Gain / (Loss) on securities, net 
Fair value adjustment on financial instruments  
measured at fair value through profit or loss 

Net results on derivative instruments and hedge relationships 
Profit from associates 
Goodwill impairment 
Other operating income 
Other operating expenses 

Net operating income / (expense) 

Personnel expenses 
Depreciation and amortization 
Other general expenses 

Other administrative expenses 
PROFIT BEFORE INCOME TAX  

Income tax expense 

PROFIT AFTER INCOME TAX FOR THE PERIOD 

103,321 
15,252 
118,573 
(50,513) 
68,060 

(6,779) 

- 

235 

2,931 

- 
(3,613) 
64,447 

6,624 
- 
22,351 
(7,036) 
15,315 
(11,397) 
37 

157 
11,526 
22 
- 
409 
(1,105) 
(351) 
(26,571) 
(5,998) 
(15,197) 
(47,766) 
38,269 
(3,575) 
34,694 

82,191 
20,426 
102,617 
(38,171) 
64,446 

(10,522) 

- 

(13) 

(228) 

- 
(10,763) 
53,683 

(82) 
- 
22,710 
(6,841) 
15,869 
1,313 
17 

(120) 
(5,802) 
22 
- 
485 
(3,043) 
(7,128) 
(24,835) 
(6,463) 
(13,834) 
(45,132) 
17,210 
(651) 
16,559 

During the year 2023, the Romanian subsidiaries contributed to the Group’s operating activity with HUF 137,550 
million, to the Group’s investing activity with HUF 58,328 million, and in respect of the Group’s financing activity 
with HUF (9,002) million which were modified by the eliminations during the consolidation by HUF (198,270) 
million. 

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IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 50:  ASSETS  CLASSIFIED  AS  HELD  FOR  SALE  AND  DISCONTINUED  OPERATIONS 

(in HUF mn) [continued] 

Discontinued operation [continued] 

The  Group intends to increase its market share with new  acquisitions and organic increase in the Middle East 
European Region and although during the near 20 years attendance on the Romanian market followed this strategy, 
the Group hasn’t managed to reach the optimal share market, the management decided to sell this member of the 
Group. As a result this allows of the Group to focus on those markets where it can reach significant market share 
and to strengthen its position in those countries where it has already operated. 

Assets held for sale 

On 2 November 2022, the Group sold its share in the associated company Szállás.hu Zrt. to the Polish Wirtualna 
Polska Media S.A. The whole company was sold for EUR 83 million. The Group's gain recognized in the year 
under review related to the transaction was HUF 10,458 million, which was presented in the Other income. 

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IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 51:  SIGNIFICANT EVENTS DURING THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 

1)  Term Note Program 

See details in Note 21. 

2)  Financial closing of acquisitions in 2023 

For more information about the acquisition of Uzbek Ipoteka Bank, Nova KBM, Aranykalász group, Szekszárdi Group 
and OTP invest AD please see details in Note 42 Acquisition. 

3)  OTP Bank is selling its Romanian operations 

On 9 February 2024, OTP Bank Plc. has concluded a share sale and purchase agreement to sell its directly and indirectly 
owned 100% shareholding in OTP Bank Romania S.A. to Banca Transilvania S.A. OTP Group is also selling its 100% 
shareholdings in its other Romanian subsidiaries, OTP Leasing Romania IFN S.A. and OTP Asset Management S.A.I. 
S.A.  to  Banca  Transilvania  S.A  under  the  transaction.  See  details  in  Note  50  Assets  classified  as  held  for  sale  and 
discontinued operations. 

4)  Significant regulatory changes in Hungary  

About the prolongation of deadline of interest rate cap, voluntary interest rate cap on newly granted loans, amending the 
previously laid down methodology of windfall tax calculation, the changes in savings and government bond  markets, 
family support schemes, capital regulation and mandatory minimum reserve requirements please see details in Note 4. 

5)  Interest benchmark reform 

The Group was actively involved in industry efforts supporting transition to IBOR alternatives. The Group has taken 
extensive  steps to prepare for the discontinuation of IBORs and worked closely with clients to ensure awareness and 
support transition activities. As the transition is complex, time-consuming process and relevant for the whole Group, the 
management of Group has evaluated the impacts of the interest rate benchmarks reform, preparing itself for the transition 
through  a  dedicated  internal group-wide  project.  As  LIBOR’s  five  currencies  (USD,  GBP,  EUR,  JPY  and  CHF)  and 
EONIA will be replaced by Risk-Free Rates – which are different in nature compared to IBOR rates – OTP Group has 
implemented the relevant rates into the IT systems and reached out the clients. The Group’s priority was to ensure that 
the Group can continue to offer clients the products and services they need, while also supporting them in the transition 
to the new alternative Risk-Free Rates. 

During the IBOR reform the Group identified several risks at the beginning of 2021, which the project had to manage and 
monitor closely. These risks include but are not limited to the following: 

•  The abolution of LIBOR affected several transactions that may require automated IT solutions, 
•  The new reference rates are different in nature from LIBOR that cause difficulties to settle the value differences with 

• 

the customers, 
It was necessary to implement new processes not to develop LIBOR based products, and to develop a strategy for 
removing or modifying the affected products handled by the Group, 

•  After the termination of LIBOR, the Group has to act under the "Fallback clauses", the clauses that regulate the 
replacement of the reference interest rates in the contract and the use of an alternative interest as a reference. The 
content of these clauses needs to be clearly defined and checked from a business point of view, ie which reference 
interest rate will be applied instead of LIBOR for the given contract and whether it is commercially appropriate. In 
defining the fallback clauses, efforts had to be made to provide a viable alternative to the termination of LIBOR that 
would not result in a business loss for the Group.  

•  Legal risks related to the termination of LIBOR. Such risks can arise when Fallback clauses are not included in the 
contracts, or the law governing the contract doesn’t contain a statutory reference rate. In these cases, the contracts 
can be cancelled due to impossibility or the termination by either party. 

•  Missing of contractual interest rates can result in settlement disputes, compensation cases or litigation. 
•  Business risks of the termination of LIBOR. The most significant of these are: 

▪ 

the law governing the contract can set the applicable interest rate that can be result in a business loss for the 
Group, 

▪  business loss due to negative customer experience, 
▪  operational risk, when several unique contracts must be handled in a short time. 

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IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 51:  SIGNIFICANT EVENTS DURING THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 [continued] 

5)  Interest benchmark reform [continued] 

Terminating interest rates 

Alternative Reference Rates 

LIBOR USD (1 week and 2 months settings), FedFund Rate 
LIBOR GBP 
LIBOR JPY 
LIBOR EUR 
LIBOR CHF1 
EONIA 

SOFR 
SONIA 
TONA 
EURIBOR 
SARON 
€STR 

1  In  the  case  of  CHF  LIBOR,  OTP  Bank  acts  in  accordance  with  the  implementing  regulation  of  the  European  Commission  (https://eur-
lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=PI_COM:C(2021)7488&from=EN). 

Amounts effected by IBOR reform as at 31 December 2023 

Reference rate 

Type of the contract 

Nominal value of the 
contract 

Pieces of contracts 

USD LIBOR 
USD LIBOR 
Other LIBOR 
Other LIBOR 
Total 

Loan 
Deposit 
Loan 
Bonds (assets) 

48,615 
533 
14,534 
4,853 
68,535 

1,616 
1 
1,090 
1 
2,708 

The above LIBOR-based amounts outstanding as at 31 December 2023 will be managed at the next first interest period 
therefore they do not cause a risk to the Group or to the customers. 

6)  Risk relating to the Russian-Ukrainian armed conflict  

On 24 February 2022 Russia launched a military operation against Ukraine which is still ongoing at the date of this Report. 
Until now many countries, as well as the European Union imposed sanctions due to the armed conflict on Russia and 
Russian businesses and citizens. Russia responded to these sanctions with similar measures. 
The armed conflict and the international sanctions influence the business and economic activities significantly all around 
the  world.  There  are  a  number  of  factors  associated  with  the  Russian-Ukrainian  armed  conflict  and  the  international 
sanctions as well as their impact on global economies that could have a material adverse effect on (among other things) 
the profitability, capital and liquidity of financial institutions such as the OTP Group. 
The  armed  conflict  and  the  international  sanctions  cause  significant  economic  damage  to  the  affected  parties  and  in 
addition they cause disruptions in the global economic processes, of which the precise consequences (inter alia the effects 
on energy and grain markets, the global transport routes and international trade as well as tourism) are difficult to be 
estimated at the moment. 
It remains unclear how this will evolve going forward and the OTP Group continues to monitor the situation closely. 
However,  the  OTP  Group's  ability  to conduct business  may  be  adversely  affected  by  disruptions  to  its  infrastructure, 
business processes and technology services.  This may cause  significant customer detriment,  costs to reimburse  losses 
incurred by the OTP Group’s customers, and reputational damage. 
Furthermore,  the  OTP  Group  relies  on  models  to  support  a  broad  range  of  business  and  risk  management  activities, 
including informing business decisions and strategies, measuring and limiting risk, valuing exposures, conducting stress 
testing and assessing capital adequacy. Models are, by their nature, imperfect and incomplete representations of reality 
because they rely on assumptions and inputs, and as such assumptions may later potentially prove to be incorrect, this can 
affect the accuracy of their outputs. This may be exacerbated when dealing with unprecedented scenarios, such as the 
Russian-Ukrainian armed conflict and the international sanctions, due to the lack of reliable historical reference points 
and data. 
Any and all such events mentioned above could have a material adverse effect on the OTP Group’s business, financial 
condition, results of operations, prospects, liquidity, capital position and credit ratings, as well as on the OTP Group’s 
customers, employees and suppliers. 

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IFRS REPORT (CONSOLIDATED) 

NOTE 52:  POST BALANCE SHEET EVENTS  

Summary of economic policy measures made and other relevant regulatory changes as post-balance sheet events 

Post-balance sheet events cover the period until 20 February 2024. 

Hungary 

•   On 23 January 2024 OTP Bank announced that notes were issued with a value date of 31 January 2024, in the 
aggregate nominal amount of EUR 600 million. The 5 years, Non-Call 4 years Senior Preferred Notes were priced 
on 23 January 2024. 

•   On 26 January 2024 Scope Ratings affirmed Hungary's long-term local- and foreign-currency issuer and senior 

unsecured debt ratings at ‘BBB’ with stable outlook. 

•   On  29  January  2024  the  Ministry  for  National  Economy  announced  that  following  discussions  between  the 
Government and the Banking Association, based on the banks' voluntary commitment, from 1 February to 1 May 
2024, the interest margin above BUBOR rate for newly contracted Hungarian Forint-based, variable-rate corporate 
loan contracts (regardless of the purpose of the loan) will be 0%, and the margin will remain at 0% for 6 months 
from the date of disbursement of the loan, after which it may return to the normal level. At the same time, the 
Government indicated that the rate cap on outstanding variable rate MSE loans, which expires on 1 April 2024 
according to the current legislation, will not be further extended. 

•   On 30 January 2024 the National Bank of Hungary cut its key policy rate by 75 bps to 10.0%. 
•   On 2 February 2024 OTP Bank announced that it decided to terminate the project aiming at establishing a consumer 
finance joint venture company with its partners in China with a 15%shareholding, as the condition precedents were 
not fulfilled until the pertaining contractual deadlines. 

•   On 9 February 2024 OTP Bank announced that it concluded a share sale and purchase agreement to sell its directly 
and indirectly owned 100% shareholding in OTP Bank Romania S.A. to Banca Transilvania S.A. (‘BT’). OTP 
Group is also selling its 100% shareholdings in its other Romanian subsidiaries, OTP Leasing Romania IFN S.A. 
and OTP Asset Management S.A.I. S.A. to BT under the transaction. The financial closing of the transaction is 
expected in 2024 subject to the necessary regulatory approvals. 

•   On 12 February 2024 OTP Bank received a single permission from the Hungarian National Bank for the repurchase 
of treasury shares, accordingly the Bank is entitled to repurchase its own shares in the amount of HUF 60 billion 
until 31 December 2024. The total amount specified in the permission shall immediately be deducted from the 
own funds in accordance with the law. 

Moldova 

•   On 4 February 2024 the central bank cut the base rate by 50 bps to 4.25%. 

Slovenia 

•   In Slovenia banking tax is obliged to pay based on The Act on Reconstruction. It is temporarily for calendar years 
2024 to 2028. As the calculation is not based on the taxable profit but on the average total assets, the banking tax 
is considered as other administrative expense, not as income tax. The tax rate is 0,2%. The liability for banking 
tax  is  reduced  by  the  difference  between  the  amount  of  corporate  income  tax  of  the  previous  financial  year, 
calculated at the introduced temporarily higher rate of 22% and at the statutory rate of 19%. Tax is not relevant for 
year 2023 and these taxes are classified as levies according to IFRS rules. 

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OTHER INFORMATIONS 

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OTHER INFORMATIONS 

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 

Senior officers, strategic employees and their shareholding of OTP shares as at 31 December 2023 

Type1 

Name 

Position 

IG 
IG 
IG 
IG 
IG 
IG 
IG 
IG 
IG 
IG 
IG 
FB 
FB 
FB 
FB 
FB 
FB 
SP 
SP 
SP 
SP 
SP 

dr. Sándor Csányi 2 
Chairman and CEO 
Deputy Chairman 
Tamás Erdei  
member 
Gabriella Balogh 
member 
Mihály Baumstark 
member, Deputy CEO 
Péter Csányi 
member 
dr. István Gresa 
Antal Kovács3 
member 
György Nagy4 
member 
dr. Márton Gellért Vági  member 
member 
dr. József Vörös 
member, Deputy CEO 
László Wolf 
Chairman 
Tibor Tolnay 
Deputy Chairman 
dr. Gábor Horváth 
member 
Klára Bella 
member 
dr. Tamás Gudra 
member 
András Michnai 
member 
Olivier Péqueux 
Deputy CEO 
András Becsei 
Deputy CEO 
László Bencsik 
Deputy CEO 
György Kiss-Haypál 
MC member 
Imre Bertalan 
MC member 
Dr. Bálint Csere 

TOTAL No. of shares held by management 

Commencement 
date of the term 
15/05/1992 
27/04/2012 
16/04/2021 
29/04/1999 
16/04/2021 
27/04/2012 
15/04/2016 
16/04/2021 
16/04/2021 
15/05/1992 
15/04/2016 
15/05/1992 
19/05/1995 
12/04/2019 
16/04/2021 
25/04/2008 
13/04/2018 

Expiration/termination 
of the term 
2026 
2026 
2026 
2026 
2026 
2026 
2026 
2026 
2026 
2026 
2026 
2026 
2026 
2026 
2026 
2026 
2026 

Number of 
shares 

12,000 
53,885 
17,793 
59,200 
25,939 
192,458 
126,584 
44,400 
15,800 
196,314 
544,502 
54 
0 
0 
0 
1,410 
0 
7,199 
15,462 
15,160 
0 
10,555 
1,338,715 

1 Board Member (IG), Supervisory Board Member (FB), Employee in strategic position (SP) 
2 Number of OTP shares owned by Dr. Sándor Csányi, Chairman and CEO, directly or indirectly: 4.712.949 
3 Number of OTP shares owned by Antal Kovács, Member of Board of Directors, directly or indirectly: 130.884 
4 Number of OTP shares owned by György Nagy, Member of Board of Directors, directly or indirectly: 1.068.855 

Board of Directors 
The members of the Board of Directors are elected by the General Meeting for a term of five years. 

Executive members: 

Dr. Sándor Csányi 
Chairman of the BoD 
Chairman & CEO 

He  graduated  from  the  College  of  Finance  and  Accounting  in  1974  with  a  bachelor’s  degree  in  business 
administration  and  from  the  Karl  Marx  University  of  Economic  (now:  Corvinus  University)  in  1980  with  a 
master’s degree in economics and finance, where he also obtained a doctorate in finance between 1981-1983. 
He is a chartered accountant – certified by the Ministry of Finance in 1982. After graduating he worked at the 
Tax Revenue Directorate and then at the Secretariat (Banking Supervision Section) of the Ministry of Finance. 
From 1983 to 1986, he was Head of Department at the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Industry. From 1986 
to 1989 he was a senior department head at the Hungarian Credit Bank (MHB). From 1989 to 1992 he was 
Deputy CEO of K&H Bank.  

He has been the Chairman and CEO of OTP Bank Plc. since 1992. 

He  is  Vice  Chairman  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of  MOL  Plc.  and  Co-Chairman  of  the  Chinese-Hungarian 
Business Council.  

In  2022,  he  founded  Unity  Asset  Management  Foundation,  which  acts  as  his  family  office,  by  contributing 
100% of the shares of Bonitás 2002 Zrt. and Hungerit Zrt. as well as HUF 700 million in cash. 

Bonitás 2002 Zrt. is the holding company that oversees his investments in agriculture, the food industry, real 
estate and asset management, which comprise some 240 directly or indirectly owned companies. 

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OTHER INFORMATIONS 

Bonitás 2002 Zrt. is one of the largest investors in agriculture and food industry in the CEE region through 
Bonafarm Group, Hungerit Zrt. and KITE Zrt. generating a total annual revenue of EUR 2.5 billion with more 
than  9.500  employees  and  with  a  total  of  40.000  hectares  of  cultivated  farmland.  The  Bonafarm  Group  is 
vertically integrated with agricultural companies producing the raw materials for food processors. Bonitás 2002 
Zrt. has significant investments in venture capital and real estate through the Bonitás Venture Capital and Real 
Estate Fund. The size of venture capital fund is EUR 20 million and the average VC investment is between 
EUR 900.000 and EUR 2 million, while the size of the real estate fund is EUR 70 million.  

He has been President of the Hungarian Football Federation (MLSZ) since 2010. He has been a member of 
the UEFA Finance Committee and a member of the FIFA Council since 2017, and Vice President of the FIFA 
Council since 2018.  

He has been the owner of Pick Szeged Handball Club since 2011. He has been the Honorary Vice President 
of the International Judo Federation since 2008.  
He has been the Vice President of the Board of Trustees of the International Children’s Safety Service since 
1995, and Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Prima Primissima Foundation since 2003. In 2005, he 
established the Csányi Foundation for Children with his own funds. Since 2009, he has been a member of the 
Board of Trustees of the Media Union for Social Awareness Formation Foundations. Since 2020, he has been 
the  Chairman  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Pro  Sopron  University  Foundation.  In  2021,  he  became  the 
Chairman  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Hungarian  University  of  Agriculture  and  Life  Sciences  (MATE) 
Foundation. 

As of 31 December 2023 he held 12.000 ordinary OTP shares (while the total number of OTP shares held 
directly and indirectly by him was 4.712.949). 

Péter Csányi 
member of the BoD 
Deputy CEO 
Digital Division 

He graduated from City University London in 2006 with a bachelor’s degree in economics, then in 2007 with a 
master’s degree in finance from the IE Business School in Madrid. In 2015, he received the Master of Business 
Administration (MBA) diploma from Kellogg School of Management in the USA. 

He began his career in 2006 at Merrill Lynch’s London office as an intern and he was working part-time on 
corporate finance projects for financial institutions while attending university as well. 

From 2007 to 2011, he was an analyst in Deutsche Bank's London office and then a financial advisor in the 
field of corporate finance (for Central and Eastern European corporate customers). 

From 2011-2016, he worked for McKinsey & Company Inc. as a senior consultant mostly working on banking 
related projects. 

He joined OTP Bank in 2016 as managing director of the Digital Sales and Development Directorate. After the 
agile transformation at the Bank, he became responsible for the management of the Omnichannel Tribe from 
2019. In addition, since January 2021, he wasthe head of the Daily Banking Tribe. 
Since March 2021, he has been the Deputy CEO of OTP Bank, the head of the IT Division (as of 1 May 2021 
Digital Division). 

From 2020 he has been Chairman of the Supervisory Board of OTP banka d.d. in Croatia. He is also a member 
of the OTP Mobil Kft. Supervisory Board and the Board of Directors of PortfoLion Ltd. He is also the head of 
the  Digitization  Working  Group  of  the  Hungarian  Banking  Association  and  a  member  of  the  Mastercard 
European Advisory Board and the vice president responsible for digital transformation of IVSZ IT Association 
of Hungary. 

He has been a member of OTP Bank's Board of Directors since 16 April 2021. 

As of 31 December 2023 he held 25,939 ordinary OTP share. 

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László Wolf 
member of the BoD 
Deputy CEO 
Commercial Banking Division 

OTHER INFORMATIONS 

He graduated from the Karl Marx University of Economic Sciences (now: Corvinus University) in 1983. After 
graduation, he worked at the Bank Relations Department of the National Bank of Hungary for 8 years, and 
then he was head of Treasury at BNP-KH-Dresdner Bank between 1991 and 1993. 

From April 1993 he was managing director of OTP Bank’s Treasury Directorate, and since 1994 he has been 
the head of Commercial Banking Division as Deputy CEO of OTP Bank Plc. 

Since 2003 he has been a member of DSK Bank’s Supervisory Board. 

He has been a member of OTP Bank's Board of Directors since 15 April 2016. 
Since 13 June 2023 he has been the Chairman of Supervisory Board of Ipoteka Bank. 

As of 31 December 2023 he held 544,502 ordinary OTP shares. 

Non-executive members:  

Tamás György Erdei 
Deputy Chairman of the BoD 
BSc Business Administration 

He graduated in 1978 with a degree from the College of Finance and Accounting. He began his professional 
career at OTP, in a variety of administrative roles (his last position was branch manager), before going on to 
work at the Ministry of Finance in the area of bank supervision. 

From 1983 he was employed by the Hungarian Foreign Trade Bank, where he gradually worked his way up 
through the ranks. In 1985 he became  managing  director, in 1990  he was appointed Deputy CEO, then  in 
1994 he became CEO, and from 1997 until the end of March 2012 he was Chairman & CEO. 

Between 1997 and 2008, and between 2009 and 2011, he was the elected president of the Hungarian Banking 
Association. 
He is the Chairman of the Supervisory Board of the International Children’s Safety Service. 

He has been a member of OTP Bank’s Board of Directors since 27 April 2012. He has been the Chairman of 
OTP Bank's Risk Assumption and Risk Management Committee, and he was a member of the Nomination 
Committee between 2014 and 2020. He has been the Deputy Chairman of the Board of Directors of OTP Bank 
Plc. since April 2019 and the Chairman of the Work-out Committee since October 2019. 
He has been Chairman of the Board of Directors at OTP Factoring Ltd. since December 2019. 

As of 31 December 2023 he held 53,885 ordinary OTP shares. 

Gabriella Balogh 
MSc Economics, specialization in marketing 

She graduated as organizing chemical engineer from the University of Veszprém in 1993 and as marketing 
economist from the University of Economics, Budapest in 1997. 

She worked as a marketing associate between 1993 and 1998, as director of the Marketing Department from 
1998 to 2005 and as managing director of the Marketing and Sales Directorate between 2005 and 2008 at 
OTP Bank Plc. 

She has been the managing director of GoodStep Consulting Kft. since 2008. She fulfilled group management 
tasks as a member of the Board of Directors at the Central European Media and Publishing Company between 
2010 and 2017. 
She  has  been  co-owner  and  Board  of  Directors  member  of  Net  Media  Plc.  since  2016.  She  is  Presidium 
member and Chairwoman of the Marketing and Media Board of the Hungarian FootballFederation. She is the 

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OTHER INFORMATIONS 

Chairwoman of the Supervisory Board of Művészetek Palotája Ltd. Since 2023 she has been the Member of 
the Board of Directors of Richter Gedeon Plc. 

She has been a member of OTP Bank's Board of Directors since 16 April 2021. 

As of 31 December 2023 she held 17,793 ordinary OTP shares. 

Mihály Baumstark 
BSc Agricultural Business Administration, 
MSc Economics 

He graduated with a degree in agricultural business administration at Gödöllő University of Agriculture (1973), 
and went on to do a masters in economics at the Karl Marx University of Economic Sciences (now: Corvinus 
University) (1981). 

He was employed by the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Industry between 1978 and 1989. When he left the 
Ministry  he  was  Deputy  Head  of  the  Investment  Policy  Department.  Then  he  was  managing  director  of 
Hubertus Bt., and from 1999 to 2011 he was deputy CEO and then Chairman & CEO of Villányi Winery Ltd. 
(now Csányi Winery Ltd.). He is currently retired. 

He  was  a  member  of  OTP  Bank’s  Supervisory  Board  from  1992  to  1999,  and  has  been  a  non-executive 
member of OTP Bank’s Board of Directors since 1999. 

He has been Chairman of OTP Bank's Ethics Committee since 2010, as well as a member of its Remuneration 
Committee since 2011. He was the member of the Nomination Committee between 2014 and 2020. 

As of 31 December 2023 he held 59,200 ordinary OTP shares. 

Dr. István Gresa 
PhD Business Administration and Economics 

He graduated from the College of Finance and Accountancy in 1974 and received a degree in economics from 
the Karl Marx University of Economic Sciences (now: Corvinus University) in 1980. He earned a PhD from the 
University of Economic Sciences in 1983. 

He has been working in the banking sector since 1989. Between 1989 and 1993 he was branch manager of 
Budapest Bank’s Zalaegerszeg branch. 
From  1993  he  was  director  of  OTP  Bank’s  Zala  County  Directorate,  and  from  1998  he  was  the  managing 
director of the Bank’s West Transdanubian Region. 
From 1 March 2006 until 14 April 2016 – when he retired – he was Deputy CEO of OTP Bank Plc., the Head 
of the Credit Approval and Risk Management Division. He was Chairman of the Board of Directors at OTP 
Factoring Ltd. between 2006 and 2017. 

He has been a member of OTP Bank’s Board of Directors since 27 April 2012. 

As of 31 December 2023 he held 192,458 ordinary OTP shares. 

Antal György Kovács 
MSc Economics 

He graduated from the Karl Marx University of Economic Sciences (now: Corvinus University) with a degree 
in economics. 
He began his professional career in 1990 at the Nagyatád branch of K&H Bank, where he worked as a branch 
manager between 1993 and 1995. 

He has been working at OTP Bank Plc. since 1995, first as a county director and from 1998 as the executive 
director of OTP Bank’s South Transdanubian Region.  
From 1 July 2007 to 31 December 2022 he was the head of Retail Division as OTP Bank’s Deputy CEO. 

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OTHER INFORMATIONS 

He has received additional training at the International Training Centre for Bankers and on various courses 
held by the World Trade Institute. 

Between April 2007 and April 2012 he was Chairman of the Supervisory Board of OTP banka Hrvatska d.d. 
He has been Chairman of the Supervisory Board of OTP Bank Romania SA since 12 December 2012. 
He has been Chairman of the Board of Directors of OTP Mortgage Bank Ltd. and OTP Building Society Ltd. 
since 24 April 2014.  
He was a member of OTP Bank’s Supervisory Board from 2004 to 14 April 2016. 

Between 15 April 2016 and 27 April 2023 he was a member of OTP Bank’s Board of Directors, on 28 April 
2023 the General Meeting of OTP Bank elected him as non-executive member of the Board of Directors.. 

As of 31 December 2023 he held 126,584 ordinary OTP shares (while the total number of OTP shares held by 
him directly and indirectly was 130,884). 

György Nagy 
Msc International Economics 

He graduated from the Department of International Foreign Economics of University of International Relations 
(Moscow) in 1989. 

He was a founding owner of Wallis Holding (founded in 1990) and he managed the Wallis Group as CEO until 
2000. 
He founded Westbay Holding Kft. in 2004, the company’s portfolio includes several successful investments. 
He  has  been  the  Chairman  of  the  Hungarian  Shooting  Federation  since  2012,  Presidium  member  of  the 
European Shooting Confederation (ESC) since 2013 and he was elected the Vice President of ESC in 2021. 

He has been a member of OTP Bank's Board of Directors since 16 April 2021. 

As  of  31  December  2023  he  held  44,400  OTP  shares  (while  the  total  number  of  OTP  shares  held  by  him 
directly and indirectly was 1,068,885). 

Dr. Márton Gellért Vági 
General Secretary 
Hungarian Football Association 

He  graduated  in  1987  from  the  department  of  foreign  economics  at  the  Karl  Marx  University  of  Economic 
Sciences (now: Corvinus University).  

From 1987 to 2000 he was lecturer at University of Economic Science of Budapest (today Corvinus University 
of  Budapest)  and  from  1994  onwards  associate  professor  and  head  of  department.  He  has  a  university 
doctorate and a PhD in economics. He has authored or co-authored more than 80 studies, essays and books. 
Between 2000 and 2006 he worked at the State Holding and Privatisation Co. (ÁPV Zrt.) as managing director, 
Deputy CEO and then CEO.  
Between 2006 and 2010 he was the Chairman of the National Development Agency. 

In various periods between 2000 and 2010, he was the Chairman of the Board of Directors of Magyar Villamos 
Művek, Paks Nuclear Power Plant and the National Textbook Publishing House. Between 2002 and 2010, he 
was a member of the Board of Directors of Földhitel és Jelzálogbank Nyrt., and the Chairman of the Board of 
Directors for 4 years. 

Since 2010 he has been general secretary of the Hungarian Football Federation.  
He was a member of UEFA’s HatTrick Financial Assistance Committee between 2011 and 2023. He has been 
a member of FIFA’s Financial Committee since 2017 and since 2023 he has been a member of the UEFA 
National Teams Competition Committee 

He was a member of OTP Bank’s Supervisory Board between 2011-2021.He was a member of OTP Bank’s 
Audit Committee between 2014-2021. 
He was a member of OTP Bank’s Nomination Committee between 2020-2021. 

He has been a member of OTP Bank's Board of Directors since 16 April 2021. 

As of 31 December 2023 he held 15,800 OTP shares. 

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Dr. József Zoltán Vörös 
Professor emeritus, academician 
University of Pécs 

He  earned  a  degree  in  economics  from  the  Karl  Marx  University  of  Economic  Sciences  (now:  Corvinus 
University) in 1974. In 1984 he earned a PhD in economics from the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, and a 
Doctor of Science degree in 1993. He has been a member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences since 2013. 

Between  1990  and  1993  he  was  the  dean  of  the  Faculty  of  Business  and  Economics,  Janus  Pannonius 
University  (JPTE)  in  Pécs.  In  1993  he  attended  a  course  in  management  for  senior  executives  at  Harvard 
University. 
From 1994 he was a professor at JPTE, from 2021 he has been professor emeritus. He was the senior Vice 
Rector  of  the  University  from  2004-2007,  between  2007  and  2011  he  was  the  Chairman  of  the  Economic 
Council of the University of Pécs. 

He  has  been  a  non-executive  member  of  OTP  Bank’s  Board  of  Directors  since  1992.  He  has  been  the 
Chairman of OTP Bank's Remuneration Committee since 2009, and member of its Risk Assumption and Risk 
Management Committee since 2014. 

As of 31 December 2023 he held 196,314 ordinary OTP shares. 

Supervisory Board 
Supervisory Board members are elected by the General Meeting for a term of three years. 

Independent members: 

Tibor Tolnay 
Chairman of the SB 

He graduated from Budapest University of Technology as a qualified civil engineering in 1978, and in 1983 he 
obtained  a  degree  in  economic  engineering.  In  1993  he  finished  his  studies  as  specialized  economist  at 
Budapest University of Economics. 

From 1989 to 1994, he was the director of State Construction Company No. 21. From 1994 to 2015 he was 
the Chairman & CEO of the already privatized Magyar Építő Joint Stock Company.  
He has been the managing director of Érték Ltd. since 1994. 
From 2018 to 2021 he was the President of the National Association of Entrepreneurs and Employers, since 
2021 co-President.  

Since 1992 he has been a member of OTP Bank's Supervisory Board, and Chairman of the Supervisory Board 
since 1999. He was a member and Deputy Chairman of OTP Bank’s Audit Committee between 2007 and 2011 
and has been again since 2014. He has been the Chairman of OTP Bank’s Nomination Committee since 2020. 

As of 31 December 2023 he held 54 ordinary OTP shares. 

Dr. József Gábor Horváth 
Deputy Chairman of the SB 
Retired Lawyer 

He earned a degree in law from Eötvös Loránd University in Budapest in 1980. 

From 1983 he worked for the Hungarian State Development Bank. He has been a lawyer since 1986, and from 
1990 to 2023 he run his own law firm, which was specialised in corporate finance and corporate governance.  

He has been a member of the Supervisory Board of OTP Bank since 1995 and was a member of MOL Plc.’s 
Board of Directors between 1999 and 2014. 
He has been Deputy Chairman of OTP Bank's Supervisory Board since 2007. 
He was Chairman of OTP Bank's Audit Committee between 2007 and 2011 and has been again since 2014. 

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He has been a member of OTP Bank’s Nomination Committee since 2020. He was a member of the Board of 
Directors of INA Industrija Nafte d.d. from 2014 to 2018. 

As of 31 December 2023 he held no ordinary OTP shares. 

Dr. Tamás Gudra 
BSc Business Administration, Lawyer 

He  graduated  as  business  administrator  in  1993  from  the  College  of  Commerce  and  Catering.  He  is  a 
Hungarian  chartered  auditor  since  1997.  He  also  obtained  a  university  degree  in  2010  as  a  lawyer  at  the 
Faculty of Law of Janus Pannonius University in Pécs.  

He  worked  as  an  auditor  from  1993  to  2001  at  Deloitte  &  Touche.  Between  2001  and  2003  he  was  an 
accounting expert of subsidiaries at the Accounting and Tax Directorate of the Hungarian Oil and Gas Public 
Limited  Company  (MOL  Rt).  Then  he  was  managing  director  at  the  Auditor,  Financial  and  Accounting 
Directorate  of  the  National  Privatization  and  Asset  Manager  Plc.  (ÁPV  Zrt.)  between  2003  and  2007  and 
became the director of Controlling Directorate at the Hungarian National Asset Manager Plc. (MNV Zrt.) from 
2008 to 2010. 
Following these assignments, he worked as the CFO of the Hungarian Football Federation from 2011 until 
June of 2020. As of July 2020, he became the group-level CFO of Bonafarm Zrt.  

He  was  a  member  of  the  Supervisory  Board  of  OTP  Lakástakarék  Zrt.  between  2012  and  2021  and  he  is 
Chairman of the Hungarian Paralympic Committee’s Supervisory Board since 2016. Since 2021 he has been 
property  inspector  of  Hungarian  University  of  Agriculture  and  Life  Sciences,  member  of  the  Executive 
Committee of Pick Szeged Zrt., SOLE-Mizo Zrt and MCS Vágóhíd Zrt. 

He has been a member of the Supervisory Board and Audit Committee of OTP Bank since 16 April 2021. 

As of 31 December 2023 he held no ordinary OTP shares. 

Olivier Péqueux 
Groupama International SA 

He graduated from Institute of Actuaries of France, Polytechnique School and ENSAE Paris Tech. 

Started  to  work  in  1998  as  an  insurance  commissioner  for  the  French  Insurance  Supervisory  Authority.  In 
2003, he joined the French Ministry of Finance to take part in the pension law reform and the setup of a pension 
fund for French civil servants. Then he became technical adviser to the French Minister of health and pensions.  

In  2005  he  joined  Groupama  Group,  first  in  charge  of  the  actuary  and  accounting  department  of  Gan 
Patrimoine, a life insurance company, and then in 2007 as Chief Financial Officer of Groupama Paris Val de 
Loire.  
He moved to  China  in  March 2011 as Deputy General Manager of Groupama  China, in charge of  finance, 
actuary and investments in the joint venture between AVIC and Groupama.  
From 2015 to 2017, he was the General Manager of Groupama AVIC. He has been the Chief International 
Officer of Groupama Assurances Mutuelles since March 2018. He has been Groupama Assurances Mutuelles 
Deputy CEO since September 2020. 

He has been a member of OTP Bank’s Supervisory Board, and Audit Committee since 2018. 

As of 31 December 2023 he held no ordinary OTP shares. 

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641 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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OTHER INFORMATIONS 

Employee delegates: 

Klára Bella 
Director 
Large Corporate Department 

She graduated from the College of Finance and Accountancy and later obtained a degree from the Budapest 
University of Economic Sciences. 

From 1992 to 1994 she worked as a clerk at the Fertőszentmiklós branch of OTP Bank. 
From 1994 to 1995 she was a lending consultant at Polgári Bank. 
From 1995 to 1996 she worked as a risk manager at the Central Branch of OTP Bank. 
From 1996 to 1997 she was authorizer in the Credit Approval and Risk Management Division. 
From 1997 to 2010 she was Deputy Managing Director at the Central Branch. 
From 2010 to 2016 she was Director at the Central Branch. 
Between 2017 and 2020, she was Director of the Corporate Directorate. 
Since 1 July 2020, she has been the Director of the Large Corporate Department of the Specialised Finance 
Directorate. 

She has been a member of OTP Bank’s Supervisory Board, and representative of the Bank’s employees since 
12 April 2019. 

As of 31 December 2023 she held no ordinary OTP shares. 

András Michnai 
President of OTP Bank’s Employees’ Trade Union  

He graduated in 1981 from the College of Finance and Accounting with a degree in business administration. 

He has been an employee of the Bank since 1974, and until 1981 held a variety of posts in the branch network. 
Following this he held a management position in the central network coordination department before returning 
to  work  in  the  branch  network.  From  1994,  as  deputy  managing  director,  he  participated  in  the  central 
coordination  of  the  branch  network.  Between  2005  and  2014  he  was  the  managing  director  of  the  Bank’s 
Compliance Department. 
He further expanded his professional skills, obtaining a Master’s degree at the Budapest Business School, and 
is a registered tax advisor. 

He has been a member of OTP Bank’s Supervisory Board, and representative of the Bank’s employees since 
2008. He has been President of OTP Bank’s Employees’ Trade Union since December 2011. 

As of 31 December 2023 he held 1,410 ordinary OTP shares. 

Members of OTP Bank Plc.’s senior management: 

Dr. Sándor Csányi 
Chairman & CEO 

András Becsei 
Deputy CEO 
Retail Division 

In 2001, he graduated with a master’s degree in Finance from the Budapest University of Economic Sciences 
and  Public  Administration.  During  his  studies  he  was  awarded  a  scholarship  at  the  University  of  Southern 
California in Los Angeles. He went on to get a second master’s degree in International Management from the 
University of Cologne (2002) and an MBA from INSEAD (2005-2006). 

His career started as a Mergers & Acquisitions analyst at MOL in 2000, before moving to Ruhrgas in Essen 
(2001-2002). 

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OTHER INFORMATIONS 

Between 2002-2009, he worked as a Consultant and a Project Manager at McKinsey & Company. 

Since 2009, he has worked at OTP Bank in various roles including Managing Director of the Retail Subsidiary 
Management  and  Business  Development  Directorate  (2009-2012),  CEO  of  OTP  Mortgage  Bank  and  OTP 
Building Society (from 2014), Director of Retail Product Development (2012-2016), and Managing Director of 
Budapest Region (2017-2022). 

Alongside his primary role at OTP, he has performed other duties as a member of the Supervisory Board of 
OTP  Bank  Ukraine  -  JSC  OTP  Bank  (2010-2014)  and  as  the  Vice  President  of  the  Hungarian  Banking 
Association since 2014. He temporary served as President for 9 months since July 2019. 

Since  the  beginning  of  2023,  he  has  been  appointed  to  Deputy  CEO  at  OTP  leading  the  Retail  Banking 
Division. 

As of 31 December 2023 he held 7,199 ordinary OTP shares. 

László Bencsik 
Chief Strategic and Financial Officer, Deputy CEO 
Strategy and Finance Division 

In 1996, he graduated from the Faculty of Business Administration at the Budapest University of Economic 
Sciences,  and  in  1999  he  obtained  a  Master’s  in  Business  Administration  (MBA)  from  INSEAD  Business 
School in France. 

Between 1996 and 2000 he worked as a consultant at Andersen Consulting (now Accenture). 
From 2000 to 2003 he was a project manager at consulting firm McKinsey & Company. 
He  joined  OTP  Bank  in  2003,  when  he  became  managing  director  of  the  Bank  Operations  Management 
Directorate, and the manager with overall responsibility for controlling and planning. 

He has been deputy CEO of OTP Bank, and head of the Strategy and Finance Division, since August 2009. 
Since 13 March 2012 he has been Chairman of the Supervisory Board of DSK Bank. 

As of 31 December 2023 he held 15,462 ordinary OTP shares. 

Péter Csányi 
Member of the Board of Directors, Deputy CEO 
Digital Division 

György Kiss-Haypál 
Deputy CEO 
Risk Management Division 

He is a qualified economist. He graduated from the Budapest University of Economic Sciences in 1996. 

He started his career as a project finance analyst for Budapest Bank Plc., and by 2007 he was appointed head 
of the bank’s risk management department. 
Between 2002 and 2006 he also worked in Ireland as corporate credit risk portfolio manager for GE Consumer 
Finance Europe, and in Austria as GE Money Bank’s consumer loans portfolio manager. Between 2008 and 
2015 he was member of the Board of Directors of Budapest Bank. 

From 2015 he was deputy head of the Credit Approval and Risk Management Division of OTP Bank Plc., and 
then was appointed acting head of the Division. 
Since  3  May  2017,  he  has  been  deputy  CEO  of  OTP  Bank  Plc,  the  head  of  Credit  Approval  and  Risk 
Management Division. As of 1 January 2024 Risk Management Division. 

As of 31 December 2023 he held 15,160 ordinary OTP shares. 

László Wolf 
Member of the Board of Directors, Deputy CEO 
Commercial Banking Division 

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643 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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OTHER INFORMATIONS 

ANNEX TO SUSTAINABILITY REPORT  

Employee data 

GRI 2-7 Employees under permanent versus temporary contracts by country, 31.12.2023 
Temporary 

Permanent 

Hungary 
Bulgaria 
Slovenia 
Croatia 
Serbia 
Albania 
Montenegro 
Uzbekistan 
Russia  
Ukraine 
Romania 
Moldova 
Malta 
OTP Group  

Hungary 
Bulgaria 
Slovenia 
Croatia 
Serbia 
Albania 
Montenegro 
Uzbekistan 
Russia  
Ukraine 
Romania 
Moldova 
Malta 
OTP Group 

% 
97.9 
95.8 
98.2 
92.0 
96.6 
95.7 
85.1 
99.7 
97.5 
99.2 
95.5 
86.7 
80.0 
96.9 

persons 
13,533 
5,033 
2,457 
2,384 
2,743 
716 
468 
4,329 
6,679 
2,258 
1,737 
755 
4 
43,096 

% 

2.1 
4.2 
1.8 
8.0 
3.4 
4.3 
14.9 
0.3 
2.5 
0.8 
4.5 
13.3 
20.0 
3.1 

persons 
288 
218 
44 
206 
97 
32 
82 
15 
174 
18 
81 
116 
1 
1,372 

GRI 2-7 Full-time and part-time employees by country, 31.12.2023 

Full time employees 

Part-time employees 

% 

91.9 
95.2 
96.2 
98.3 
99.4 
100.0 
99.1 
98.8 
92.8 
96.9 
95.7 
99.3 
60.0 
95.0 

persons 
12,700 
5,000 
2,405 
2,547 
2,824 
748 
545 
4,292 
6,361 
2,206 
1,740 
865 
3 
42,236 

% 

8.1 
4.8 
3.8 
1.7 
0.6 
0.0 
0.9 
1.2 
7.2 
3.1 
4.3 
0.7 
40.0 
5.0 

persons 
1,121 
251 
96 
43 
16 
0 
5 
52 
492 
70 
78 
6 
2 
2,232 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

644 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

OTHER INFORMATIONS 

GRI 401-1 Employees left, employees hired, 2023 

Left 

OTP Bank 

Hungary 
Bulgaria 
Slovenia 
Croatia 
Serbia 
Albania 
Montenegro 
Uzbekistan 
Russia 
Ukraine 
Romania 
Moldova 
Malta 

Men 
Women 

Under 30 years 
Between 30–49 years 
Over 50 years 
Total – OTP Group 

Per country – OTP Group 

By gender – OTP Group 

By age group – OTP Group 

1,294 

1,886 
896 
155 
195 
408 
262 
44 
425 
3,798 
676 
369 
138 
1 

2,500 
6,753 

3,702 
4,459 
1,092 
9,253 

New hires 
1,777 

2,552 
1,058 
178 
232 
445 
239 
57 
532 
3,058 
444 
329 
110 
1 

3,235 
6,000 

4,488 
4,224 
523 
9,235 

GRI 205-2 Distribution of employees by position, number of employees, 31.12.2023 
Senior manager 
Middle manager 
Employees 

OTP Bank 
6 
1,313 
9,396 

OTP Group 
110 
3,725 
40,633 

GRI 402-1 Minimum notice periods 
regarding significant operational changes that could substantially affect employees 

OTP  Bank  and  Hungarian  subsidiaries  with 
collective bargaining agreements 
Additional Hungarian subsidiaries 
DSK Bank 
SKB Bank 
NKBM 
OTP Croatia 
OTP Bank Serbia 
OTP Bank Albania 
CKB 
Ipoteka Bank 
OTP Bank Russia 
OTP Bank Ukraine 
OTP Bank Romania 
OTP Bank Moldova 

Minimum notice 
periods 

15 days 

15 days 
45 days 
30 days 
not specified 
8 days 
8 days 
30–90 days 
8 days 
60 days 
60 days 
60 days 
20 working days 
5 working days 

Are minimum notice periods and provisions 
for consultation and negotiation set out in the 
collective agreement? 

yes 

no 
yes 
yes 
no 
yes 
yes 
no 
no 
no 
no 
no 
no 
no 

GRI 404-2 Programmes provided to upgrade employee skills and to facilitate continued employability and the management 
of career endings in 2022 

In-house training courses 
Support for external trainings or education programmes 
Leave  of  absence  for  studying,  with  job  guaranteed  to  be 
reserved 
Continued training for  those  who  intend to keep  on  working 
after retirement 
Severance pay 
If the organisation provides severance pay, does it take into 
account the employee’s age 
If the organisation provides severance pay, does it take into 
account the number of the employee’s years of service 

OTP Bank 
Available 
Available 
Available 

OTP Group 
Typically available 
Typically available 
Typically available 

Not available 

Typically not available 

Available 
Yes 

Yes 

Typically not available 
Typically not 

Typically yes 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

645 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

OTHER INFORMATIONS 

GRI 404-2 Programmes provided to upgrade employee skills and to facilitate continued employability and the management 
of career endings in 2022 

Jobseeker assistance for employees made redundant 
Assistance during the transition to life without employment 
Weighted average by employee headcount. 
Typically not available/Typically no: available at less than 50% of the members of the Group. 
Partly available: available at 51–70% of the members of the Group. 
Typically available: available at 71–99% of the members of the Group. 

OTP Bank 
Not available 
Not available 

OTP Group 
Typically not available 
Typically not available 

GRI 207-4 Taxation by country 

Country 

Revenue 
from sales to 
third parties 

Revenue 
from 
transactions 
within the 
Group and 
between 
countries 

Profit / loss 
before tax 
(+) gain / (-) 
loss 

Tangible 
assets and 
inventories 

Income 
tax on a 
cash 
flow 
basis 

Income tax 
liabilities 
recognised 
against profit 
after tax 
(IAS12) 
without 
deferred tax 

Statutory 
corporate tax 
rate 

Effective tax 
rate 
without 
deferred tax 

Albania 
Bulgaria 
Cyprus 
Croatia 
Hungary 
Malta 
Moldova 
Montenegro 
Russia 
Romania 
Serbia 
Slovenia 
Ukraine 

Uzbekistan 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8=6/3 

38.28 
338.17 
0.00 
230.04 
2,472.94 
0.23 
41.60 
44.63 
276.41 
141.79 
207.49 
292.27 
163.59 

1.56 
29.29 
0.00 
1.12 
122.60 
39.31 
0.26 
2.70 
8.85 
25.58 
5.86 
11.90 
4.62 

HUF million 
14.07 
226.89 
3.48 
66.16 
842.69 
4.77 
16.67 
25.22 
132.51 
31.13 
63.14 
108.02 
82.18 

13.56 
63.97 
0.00 
30.26 
306.33 
0.02 
6.39 
7.90 
11.38 
10.45 
37.14 
30.42 
5.88 

2.47 
20.09 
0.00 
14.88 
38.22 
0.84 
1.92 
2.12 
33.07 
1.78 
8.79 
10.26 
12.36 

109.67 

0.00 

-57.08 

24.75 

5.41 

2.44 
21.52 
0.00 
11.94 
50.34 
0.08 
2.05 
3.87 
27.29 
1.01 
9.18 
15.43 
37.36 

1.56 

% 

15% 
10% 
12.5% 
18% 
9% 
35% 
12% 
9% 
20% 
16% 
15% 
19% 
50%* 

20%* 

17.3% 
9.5% 
- 
18.1% 
6.0% 
1.6% 
12.3% 
15.3% 
20.6% 
3.3% 
14.5% 
14.3% 
45.5% 

-2.7% 

Total 

4,357.11 

253.63 

1,559.85 

548.44 

152.20 

184.06 

- 

11.8% 

*The tax rate shown for Ukraine and Uzbekistan refers to the banks 

The data for Russia also include data for Velvin Ventures Ltd., a company incorporated in Belize, on account 
of its tax residency in Russia. 

The effective tax rate is the quotient of the actual income tax expense for the current year, as recognised in 
the  profit  and  loss  statement  as  per  IAS  12,  and  the  profit  before  tax,  including  the  amount  of  dividends 
received. The amount of tax liability taken into account in the calculation of the effective tax rate does not 
include  the  amount  of  deferred  taxes.  The  effective  tax  rate  in  the  various  countries  may  differ  from  the 
corporate tax rate under local tax laws. The deviation can typically be traced back to the follo wing: 

-  The  preparation  of  consolidated  accounts  under  IFRS  requires  some  adjustments  to  the  data  of 
individual  statements  prepared  in  accordance  with  local  accounting  standards  in  order  to  comply 
with IFRS. The effective tax rate calculated using these adjusted figures may deviate from the tax 
rate under local tax laws. 

-  Revenue  that  does  not  create  a  tax  base  (e.g.  dividend)  or  expenses  that  are  not  permanently 

deductible for tax purposes; 

-  Withholding  taxes  levied  abroad  and  other  taxes  imposed  in  addition  to  corporate  tax  that  are 

considered income taxes (e.g. Hungarian local business tax and innovation contribution);  

- Loss used in the tax year. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

646 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

GRI CONTENT INDEX 

OTHER INFORMATIONS 

The GRI content index contains technical information on sustainability reporting and the use of the GRI 
Standards, and shows the disclosures/indicators on which, and where, the OTP Group reports.  

GRI 2-2, 2-3 Characteristics of the Sustainability Reporting 
Statement of use 

GRI 1 used 
Applicable GRI Sector Standard(s) 

Entities covered 
Date of publication 
Reporting cycle 
Contact info: 
External assurance 
Presentation of data – breakdown 

Presentation of data – time horizon 

OTP  Bank  Plc.  has  reported  in  accordance  with  GRI  Standards  for  the  period 
between 01.01.2023 and 31.12.2023  
GRI 1: Foundation 2021 
- 

OTP Group: OTP Bank Plc. and subsidiaries consolidated under the IFRS 
26 April 2024 
annual 
csr@otpbank.hu  
independent (third party) assurance; assurance provider: Ernst&Young Ltd. 
• 
• 
• 
preferably, 5 years in retrospect 

essentially OTP Bank and OTP Group; 
breakdown by country, where required by the GRI; 
financial data – OTP Core1 and OTP Group. 

Indicator description 

Indicator 
number 
GRI 2: General disclosures 2021 
The organisation and its reporting practices 
2-1 

Organisational details 

2-2 

included 

Entities 
organisation’s 
reporting 

in 

the 
sustainability 

Where to find 
it 

pp. 227-229, 
website, GRI 
index, 
pp. 227-229, p. 
647, GRI index 

2-3 

2-4 

Reporting  period,  frequency  and 
contact point 
Restatements of information 

p. 647 

GRI Index 

2-5 

External assurance 

Activities and employees 
2-6 

Activities,  value  chain  and  other 
business relationships 

2-7 

2-8 

Employees 

Workers who are not employees 

index,  p. 

GRI 
647 

p.  85.,  pp.  144-
145, p. 153, GRI 
index, website 

p.  85,  pp.  176–
177, p. 644 
p. 177 

Note / Reasons for omission 

OTP  Group  is  present  in  17  countries,  of  which  it  has  banks  in  12  (where  it 
performs monetary intermediary activities), engaging in significant operations. 

We report in full on the companies covered, including all material topics, but not 
all material topics and indicators are relevant to all companies. 
Consolidation  approach  applied  for  the  topic  of  GHG  emissions:  operational 
control. 
In the case of acquisitions, from 2023, the principle is that we report on the new 
member company in the year in which it becomes a member of the OTP Group. 
GHG  emissions  data  are  reported  for  the  full  year  even  if  the  acquisition  took 
place during the year. 
The sustainability disclosures do not cover the companies Szajki Mezőgazdasági 
Zrt.,  Szekszárdi  Mezőgazdasági  Zrt.,  ARANYMEZŐ  2001.  Mezőgazdasági 
Termékelőállító,  Kereskedelmi  és  Szolgáltató  Kft.,  AGROMAG -PLUSZ 
Mezőgazdasági  Termékelőállító,  Kereskedelmi  és  Szolgáltató  Kft.,  ZA  Gamma 
HoldCo  Kft.,  ZA  Invest  Gamma  Kft.,  ZA-Invest  Kappa  Kft.,  Club  Hotel  Füred 
Szálloda Kft., DSK Trans Security EAD, OTP Factoring Bulgaria EAD, because 
their consolidation started in the fourth quarter of the year and it was technically 
no  longer  possible  to  include  them  in  the  sustainability  data  collection.  The 
sustainability  disclosures  are  part  of  the  deconsolidation  until  the  date  of 
deconsolidation,  which  ceased  to  be  consolidated  in  the  fourth  quarter  (DSK 
Tours EOOD). 
The scope of companies belonging to the OTP Group has changed compared to 
the 2022 report, the biggest change being the acquisition of NKBM in Slovenia 
and  Ipoteka  Bank  in  Uzbekistan,  which  limits  the  comparability  of  the  data 
presented  with  previous  years,  and  the  material  changes  related  to  the 
acquisitions  are  indicated  in  the  text  of  the  report.  Other  changes  are  not 
significant in relation to the size of the group and do not affect comparability.  

Information may be republished due to changes in data collection  methodology 
or if corrections are needed for previously disclosed erroneous information; this 
is noted at the relevant place within the text, showing the effects of re-publishing. 
There have been no new additions to this report. 
The external assurance provider is independent of OTP Group. Interview with the 
Vice-Chair of the ESG Committee during the certification. 

In addition to providing financial services, several consolidated companies of the 
OTP Group are operating in the agricultural and food sector. 
No material change occurred in the operation, value chain or relevant business 
relationships of the Group relative to 2022. 

1 OTP Core is the business entity measuring the core activities of OTP Group Hungary,  comprising, members in 2023: OTP Bank Plc, OTP Jelzálogbank 
Zrt, OTP Lakástakarék Zrt, OTP Faktoring Zrt, OTP Pénzügyi Pont Kft. and entities performing group financing activities; also  included are OTP Bank 
Munkavállalói  Résztulajdonosi  Program  Szervezet  (OTP  Bank’s  Employee  Stock  Ownership  Plan  Organisation),  OTP  Kártyagyártó  Kft,  OTP 
Ingatlanüzemeltető  Kft,  MONICOMP  Zrt,  as  well  as  OTP  Ingatlanpont  Ingatlanközvetítő  Kft,  OTP  Mobil  Szolgáltató  Kft,  OTP  eBIZ  Kft.  and  OTP 
Otthonmegoldások Kft.  

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

647 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

Indicator 
number 
Management 
2-9 

Indicator description 

structure 

Governance 
composition 
Nomination  and  selection  of  the 
highest governance body 

and 

2-10 

2-11 

2-12 

2-13 

Chair  of  the  highest  governance 
body 
Role  of  the  highest  governance 
body 
the 
management of impacts 
Delegation  of 
managing impacts 

responsibility 

overseeing 

for 

in 

2-14 

2-15 

The role of the highest governance 
body in sustainability reporting 
Conflict of interest 

OTHER INFORMATIONS 

Note / Reasons for omission 

The procedure of the nomination of the members of the Board  of Directors and 
the Supervisory Board is disclosed by the Company in its Responsible Corporate 
Governance  Report.  Regarding  the  candidates,  the  Company  observes  MNB 
Recommendation  No.  1/2022  (I.17.)  and  Act  CCXXXVII  of  2013  (Credit 
Institutions  Act)  concerning  independence,  diversity,  professional  competences 
and  conflicts  of  interest  alike.  The  EBA  Guidelines  underlying  the  MNB 
recommendation provides that when selecting members of the management body 
(i.e.  nominating  members),  the  collective  suitability  of  the  management  body 
should also be ensured, for which members with as diverse professional expertise 
and experience as possible should be selected because owing to the broad range 
of  expertise  and  experience  (e.g. 
IT,  AML,  risk  management,  product 
development, compliance, HR, etc.), the requirement of the technical/professional 
diversity of management bodies is a quasi supervisory requirement. 
Collective  assessment  of 
the  professional  expertise,  competences  and 
experience is carried out on the basis of the methodology recommended by EBA. 
The  Company  also  has  a  strategy  for  the  promotion  of  gender  diversity. 
Shareholders can make proposals for candidates in the framework stipulated by 
law. One member of the Supervisory Board is nominated by the Groupama group 
which has a larger than 5% share. One third of the Supervisory Board members 
are nominated by the Bank’s work council from the Company’s employees. 
The Chairman of the Supervisory Board is independent. 

Where to find 
it 

FTJ: 1.2–1.4; 
p. 88, p. 89 
FTJ:  1.2.2,  1.4, 
1.13,  pp.  180-
181 
GRI Index 

GRI index,  FTJ: 
1.2.2 
p. 88 

p.  88,  pp.  89–
91,  p.  142,  p. 
158,  p.  164,  p. 
167,  pp.  201-
202 
p. 86, GRI index  The sustainability disclosure is approved by the Board of Directors as part of the 

p.  160,  GRI 
index,  Code  of 
Ethics, 
Compliance 
Pol., FTJ: 1.2.2, 
1.12,  

business report. 
Code of Ethics: II.II.10.; Compliance Policy extract III.1.2 
All  employees  must  be  familiar  with  the  Conflict-of-Interest  Regulation.  The 
Conflict-of-Interest Regulation includes the conflict of interest rules on executive 
officers as well, providing  inter alia  that the members of the Board of Directors 
and the Supervisory Board must abstain from voting on any subject in relation to 
which  they  do  or  may  have  a  conflict  of  interest  or  in  the  case  of  which  th eir 
objectivity or their capability of adequately fulfilling their obligations towards the 
Bank  may  be  compromised.  The  members  of  the  boards  regularly  submit 
declarations  regarding  their  interests  in  related  parties,  along  with  declarations 
on conflicts of interests. Records are kept of their interests as required by law to 
avoid conflicts of interests. 
Cases  of  cross  share  ownership  with  suppliers  and  other  stakeholders  are  not 
reported by the Banking Group. 

2-16 
2-17 

2-18 

2-19 

Communication of critical concerns  pp. 88–89 
Collective knowledge of the highest 
governance body 
Evaluation  of  the  performance  of 
the highest governance body 
Remuneration policies 

 FTJ: 1.12 

p. 88 

p.  88,  p.  185-
186, website 

2-20 

Process to determine remuneration  p. 185, website1  

2-21 

Annual total renumeration ratio 

website2 
GRI Index 

Strategies, guidelines, practices 
2-22 

on 

Statement 
development strategy 
Policy engagements 

sustainable 

p. 4 

2-23 

2-24 
2-25 

2-26 

2-27 

Embedding policy engagements 
Processes  to  remediate  negative 
impacts 
Mechanisms for seeking advice and 
raising concerns 
Compliance with laws and 
regulations 
Membership in associations 

2-28 
Inclusion of stakeholders 
2-29 

Approach 
engagement 

p.  90,  p.  160, 
website1, 
website2,  GRI 
index 
p. 160 
pp. 
website 
p. 160 

164-165, 

p. 163 

website  

The indicator is currently not reported. Preparation of reporting the indicator was 
started  in  2022  but  it  was  not  finished  by  the  end  of  the  year.  Collecting  and 
aggregating adequate data at group level technically takes longer. Also, because 
of the very large differences between the average wage levels in the countries of 
the Banking Group, we are  reflecting  on the most relevant way to present this. 
The indicator will be presented in 2025 at the latest. 

Code  of  Ethics:  A  standard  Code  of  Ethics  is  in  force  at  all  members  of  OTP 
Group; any deviations are due to compliance with local laws.  
The Code is available on the websites of OTP Bank and the subsidiaries.  

to 

stakeholder 

p.  150,  pp.  97-
98, website 

@Stakeholder relations  

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

648 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTHER INFORMATIONS 

Note / Reasons for omission 

If the description of any subparagraph is missing in relation to the given topic, it 
means that the Banking Group has no relevant practice. Our general principle is 
that we (also) use the topic specific indicators of the given topic as a method of 
evaluation of the efficiency of the actions taken; we use the indicator’s expected 
data as the result. With other assessment methods, the presentation of the results 
always includes a clear reference to the method applied. 

The  OTP  Group  does  not  have  a  general  approach  and  targets  for  the  social, 
indirect economic impacts of financial products, but certain impacts are managed 
strategically.  In  relation  to  indirect  economic  impacts  as  well,  we  always  act  in 
accordance with the principle of ethical business behaviour.  
The report is not comprehensive as regards risk ratings (FS6 2.4).  

We present assets by sector. (Partial compliance.) 

In  accordance  with  the  principle  of  equal  tax  treatment,  OTP  Group  spares  no 
effort  to  ensure  maximum  compliance  with  all  relevant  statutory  regulations  on 
tax liabilities, in view of the purposes of taxes and contributions.  
The  information  on  the  disclosed  taxes  as  part  of  the  consolidated  financial 
statements  was  audited.  The  disclosure  of  the  indicators  207-1,  207-2,  207-3, 
207-4 are audited as part of the sustainability disclosures. 

OTP BANK 

Indicator 
number 
2-30 

Indicator description 

Collective bargaining agreements 

GRI 3: Material topics 2021 
3-1 

to  determine  material 

Process 
topics 
List of material topics 
Management of material topics 

3-2 
3-3 

Where to find 
it 
p.  182,  GRI 
index 

pp. 86–87 

p. 87 
GRI Index 

List of material topics 
Social, indirect economic impacts of financial products (ST1)  
3-3 

Management of material topics 

203-2 

Significant 
impacts 

indirect 

economic 

G4 FS6 

the  portfolio 

Percentage  of 
for 
business  lines  by  specific  region, 
size (e.g. micro/SME/ large) and by 
sector 
Commercial  and  industrial  credit 
exposure, by industry 

SASB FN-
CB-
410a.1. 
Tax payment (GRI 207 2019) 
3-3 
207-1 

Management of material topics 
Approach to tax payment 

207-2 

207-3 

Tax  governance,  control,  and  risk 
management 

engagement 

and 
Stakeholder 
management of concerns related to 
tax 
Country-by-country reporting 

207-4 
Contribution to economic stability (ST2) 
3-3 

Management of material topics 

p.  92,  p.  135-
136, p. 139 
p.  92,  p.  135, 
137-138, 
pp. 
139-140, 
website 
p.  85,  pp.  144–
145, GRI index 

144–145, 

pp. 
GRI index 

pp. 172-173 
pp. 
GRI index 

172–173, 

172–173, 
Index, 

172-173, 

pp. 
GRI 
website 
pp. 
website 

p. 146, p. 646 

173-174, 

pp. 
website 
p. 174 

201-4 

Financial  assistance  received  from 
government 
EBA stress test result 

own 
indicator 
own 
indicator 
Environmental impact and GHG emissions of financial products (ST3)  
3-3 

Management of material topics 

CET1 rate 

p. 174 

p. 174 

305-3 

indirect  (Scope  3)  GHG 

Other 
emissions 

p. 92, p. 93 
website 
pp. 
GRI index 

142-143, 

305-4 

GHG emissions intensity 

GRI Index 

The indicator is applied only to the Scope 3 emissions of lending. The necessary 
quality of information is not available for reporting, it will be disclosed first in 2025 
after improvement of calculation accuracy. Improvement in calculation accuracy 
will  be  enabled  by  an  increase  in  the  range  of  publicly  reported  data  and  an 
improvement in their quality. 
The indicator is applied only to the Scope 3 emissions of lending. The necessary 
quality of information is not available for reporting, it will be disclosed first in 2025 
after improvement of calculation accuracy. Improvement in calculation accuracy 
will  be  enabled  by  an  increase  in  the  range  of  publicly  reported  data  and  an 
improvement in their quality. 
The indicator is applied only to the Scope 3 emissions of lending. The necessary 
quality  of  information  is  not  available  for  reporting,  reporting  is  expected  to  be 
started in 2026 in accordance with the decarbonisation strategy.  

Partially reported. 

142-143, 

pp. 
GRI index 

pp.  95-97,  pp. 
135-136, 
pp. 
141-143 
pp. 141-143 

pp. 141-143 

Partially reported. 

GRI Index 

Partially  reported.  Implementation  and  disclosure  are  determined  by  statutory 
requirements,  because  they  also  require  the  introduction  of  a  number  of  new 
practices.  The  practices  relating  to  the  criteria  (items  2–7)  required  by  the 
indicator  are  improving  continuously  but  they  have  not  been  fully  developed, 
therefore their presentation is expected to start in a few years. 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

649 

305-5 

Reduction of GHG emissions 

201-2 

SASB FN-
MF-
450a.3. 

SASB FN-
CB-
410a.2. 

SASB FN-
IB-410a.3 

into 

implications  and  other 
to 

Financial 
risks  and  opportunities  due 
climate change 
Description  of  how  climate  change 
and  other  environmental  risks  are 
mortgage 
incorporated 
origination and underwriting climate 
change 
Description 
to 
incorporation  of  environmental, 
social,  and  governance 
(ESG) 
factors in credit analysis 
Description 
to 
incorporation  of  environmental, 
social,  and  governance 
(ESG) 
factors  in  investment  banking  and 
brokerage activities 

approach 

approach 

of 

of 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

Indicator 
number 
Green products (ST4) 
3-3 

Indicator description 

Management of material topics 

to 

according 

Disclosure 
Taxonomy Regulation 
Proportion of products according to 
Articles 8 and 9 of the SFDR 

own 
indicator 
own 
indicator 
GHG emissions of operation (GRI 305 2016) 
3-3 

Management of material topics 

the 

302-1 

305-1 

305-2 

Energy  consumption  within 
organisation 
Direct (Scope 1) GHG emissions 

the 

Energy  indirect  (Scope  2)  GHG 
emissions 

Access to finance (ST5) 
3-3 

Management of material topics 

Number of branches by country 

own 
indicator 
G4 FS13  Access  points  in  low  populated  or 
economically  disadvantaged  areas 
by type 
Accessibility for the disabled 

own 
indicator 
Financial welfare conditions (ST6) 
3-3 
417-2 

417-3 

own 
indicator 
own 
indicator 
Compliance (ST7) 
3-3 
205-1 

of 

of 

Management of material topics 
Incidents 
non-compliance 
concerning  product  and  service 
information and labelling 
Incidents 
concerning 
communications 
Number  of  complaints  related  to 
product structure transparency 
Percentage  of  overdue  loans  over 
90 days in the retail segment 

non-compliance 
marketing 

for 

risk 

Management of material topics 
Operations  assessed 
related to corruption 
Communication  and  training  about 
anti-corruption 
and 
procedures 
Confirmed  incidents  of  corruption 
and actions taken 
Political contributions 

policies 

for 

proceedings 

anti-
Legal 
competitive  behaviour,  anti-trust, 
and monopoly practices 
Compliance  with 
regulations 
Incidents  of  discrimination  and 
corrective actions taken 
Security  personnel 
in 
human rights policies or procedures 

trained 

laws 

and 

205-2 

205-3 

415-1 

206-1 

2-27 

406-1 

410-1 

Where to find 
it 

p.  83,  p.  93,  p. 
95, pp. 135-136 
pp. 97-133 

pp. 135-136 

p.  83,  pp.  201-
204 
website 
p. 203 

p.  204,  GRI 
index 
p.  204,  GRI 
index 

pp.  146-147,  p. 
152,  pp.  154-
155 
p. 71 

p. 152, pp. 154-
155 

pp. 154-156 

p. 146, p. 149 
p.  163,  GRI 
index 

OTHER INFORMATIONS 

Note / Reasons for omission 

We do not apply a base year. Consolidation approach: operational management. 

We do not apply a base year. Consolidation approach: operational management. 

In 2023, there was no non-compliance with voluntarily accepted codes regarding 
information provision on, and labelling of, products and services.  

p.  163,  GRI 
index 

In 2023, there was no non-compliance with voluntarily accepted codes regarding 
marketing communications. 

p. 166 

p. 150 

p. 157 
p. 162 

pp.  160-162,  p. 
177,  p.  179,  p. 
645, GRI index 
p. 162 

We consider suppliers and commissioned agents as our business partners.  

GRI Index 

OTP Group does not sponsor such persons or organisations, there was no such 
support in 2023. 

p. 163 

p. 163 

p. 161 

p. 161, website 

Responsible employment (GRI 401 2016, 404 2016) 
3-3 

Management of material topics 

2-21 

Annual total compensation ratio 

p. 150, pp. 177-
179, website 
GRI Index 

Preparation of reporting the indicator was started in 2022 but it was not  finished 
by the end of the year. Collecting and aggregating adequate data at group level 
technically takes longer. Also, because of the very large differences between the 
average wage levels in the countries of the Banking Group, we are reflecting on 
the most relevant way to present this. The indicator will be presented in 2025 at 
the latest. 

401-1 

401-3 
402-1 

404-1 

404-2 

New employee hires and employee 
turnover 
Parental leave 
Minimum notice periods regarding 
operational changes 
Average hours of training per year 
per employee 
Programmes for upgrading 
employee skills and transition 
assistance programmes 

pp.  177-179,  p. 
645 
p. 189 
p. 182, p. 645 

p. 188 

pp.  186-187,  p. 
645 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

650 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

Indicator 
number 
404-3 

403-9 

Indicator description 

Percentage of employees receiving 
regular performance and career 
development reviews 
Work-related injuries 

Where to find 
it 

pp. 184-185 

OTHER INFORMATIONS 

Note / Reasons for omission 

p. 191 

Our  legally  compliant  occupational  health  and  safety  risk  assessment  did  not 
identify threats that may pose a risk of serious accidents. 

Programmes to help with stress 
management 
Employee engagement 

own 
indicator 
own 
indicator 
Equality of opportunities for employees (GRI 405 2016) 
Management of material topics 
3-3 

pp. 189-190 

p. 180, pp. 182-
183 

p. 175, p. 180, 
p. 188, website, 
GRI index 
p. 181, 
GRI Index 

202-2 

401-2 

405-1 

405-2 

Proportion of senior management 
hired from the local community 

Benefits provided to full-time 
employees that are not provided to 
temporary or part-time employees 
Diversity of governance bodies and 
employees 
Ratio of basic salary and 
remuneration of women to men 

p. 185 

p. 179-180, 
GRI Index 
p. 186 

p. 192 
pp. 192-193 

Strengthening of financial awareness in vulnerable groups (ST8) 
3-3 
SASB FN-
CB-
240a.4. 

Management of material topics 
Number of participants in financial 
literacy initiatives for unbanked, 
underbanked, or underserved 
customers 
Education for socially 
disadvantaged children 
Financial literacy for people in 
disadvantaged areas 

own 
indicator 
own 
indicator 
Customer data and information security (GRI 418 2016) 
Management of material topics 
3-3 

pp. 192-196 

pp. 192-196 

pp. 157-158, 
website 
p. 172 

418-1 

Substantiated 
complaints 
concerning  breaches  of  customer 
privacy and losses of customer data 
Card–related  fraud  losses  from  (1) 
(2) 
card-not-present 
card-present and other fraud 
Ratio of bank card fraud to turnover  p. 169 

SASB FN-
CF-
230a.2. 
own 
indicator 
own 
indicator 
Financing of high social risk sectors (ST9) 
3-3 

Management of material topics 

Amount  of  prevented  bank  card 
fraud 

fraud  and 

p. 169 

own 
indicator 

Exclusion and restrictive policies 

p. 169 

p.  93,  pp.  141-
142 
pp. 141-142 

OTP Group has no comprehensive policy for giving preference to local residents 
in respect of employees and senior management. 
Significant locations of operations: OTP Bank and foreign subsidiaries.  
Significant locations of operations: OTP Bank and foreign subsidiaries.  

Data on ethnic background is not listed owing to statutory regulations. 

Partially reported 

Partially reported 

TCFD indicators2  
Indicator description  

Chapters3 

Comment  

I. Management 
Governance of the organisation in relation to climate risks and opportunities   
a,  The  governing  body’s  oversight  in  relation  to  climate-related  risks  and 
opportunities  
b,  Management’s  role  in  assessing  and  managing  climate-related  risks  and 
opportunities  
II. Strategy 
The actual and potential impact of climate-related risks and opportunities on the organisation’s businesses, strategy, and financial planning where such 
information is material  
a,  Climate-related  risks  and  opportunities  identified  by  the  organisation  in  the 
short, medium and long term  

financing,  which 

 1., 2.7  

 1. 

strategic 
 ESG 
directions,  2.2,  2.5, 
2.7 

Utilisation of the  opportunities relating to climate 
is 
is  a 
dominant element of the ESG strategy. 

targeted  by  green 

2 In 2023, OTP Bank reports on the indicators included in the TCFD indicators from the IFRS S1 and IFRS S2 indicators, so we us e the TCFD notation.  

3 The chapters are the chapters of the OTP Group’s Sustainability Activities for 2023 and Environmental Poli cy, Environmental Protection Measures (pp. 
82-207) 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

651 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
OTP BANK 

OTHER INFORMATIONS 

TCFD indicators2  
b,  Impact  of  climate-related  risks  and  opportunities  on  the  organisation’s 
businesses, strategy, and financial planning  

 ESG 
strategic 
directions,  2.2,  2.5, 
2.7 

In  the  course  of  the  risk  assessment  activities 
presented here we also take account of transition 
(actual  and  expected,  regulatory,  technological, 
market  and  reputation)  risks  and  the  (acute  and 
chronic) physical risks alike. 

 2.7 

c, The resilience of the organisation’s strategy, taking into consideration different 
climate related scenarios, including a 2°C or lower scenario.  
III. Risk Management 
The way of the identification, assessment and management of climate risks 
a,  The  organisation’s  procedures  for  identifying  and  assessing  climate-related 
risks  
b, The organisation’s processes for managing climate related risks  
c, How processes for identifying, assessing, and managing climate related risks 
are integrated into the organisation’s overall risk management  
IV. Metrics and objectives: The metrics and objectives used in the assessment and management of the relevant  climate risks where such details are 
relevant.  
a,  The  metrics  used  by  the  organisation  to  assess  climate  related  risks  and 
opportunities in line with its strategy and risk management process  

 The  metrics  and  objectives  are  enhanced  and 
they grow more and more accurate continuously. 

 2.5, 2.7 
 2.5, 2.7 

 2.5, 2.7 

b,  Scope  1,  Scope  2,  and,  if  appropriate,  Scope  3  greenhouse  gas  (GHG) 
emissions, and the related risks.  
c,  Targets  used  by  the  organisation  to  manage  climate  related  risks  and 
opportunities and performance against targets  

 ESG 
strategic 
directions,  2.2,  2.5, 
2.7 
 2.2, 2.5, 2.7 

ESG 
directions, 2.2, 7. 

strategic 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

652 

  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
OTP BANK 

OTHER INFORMATIONS 

UNEP FI PRINCIPLES FOR RESPONSIBLE BANKING REPORT 

Principle 1: Alignment 

We will align our business strategy to be consistent with and contribute to individuals’ needs and society’s goals, as expressed in the Sustainable Development Goals, the Paris Climate 
Agreement and relevant national and regional frameworks. 

Business model 

Describe (high-level) your bank’s business model, including the main customer segments served, types of products and services provided, the main sectors and types of activities across the main 
geographies in which your bank operates or provides products and services. Please also quantify the information by disclosing e.g. the distribution of your bank’s portfolio (%) in terms of geographies, 
segments (i.e. by balance sheet and/or off-balance sheet) or by disclosing the number of customers and clients served. 

OTP Group is one of the fastest growing banking groups in Central and Eastern Europe, with unique knowledge of the region and a lasting commitment to it. With more than 41,000 employees in now 12 
countries of the CEE and Central Asian region, the Group provides universal financial services to 17 million customers. 
In Hungary, OTP Bank Plc. is one of the largest commercial bank when measured in terms of banking assets. OTP is a universal bank, providing a high level of service to the financial needs of retail, 
private banking, micro and small business, medium and large enterprise and municipal customers, both through our domestic subsidiaries and branches and via the continuously developing innovative 
digital services. 
The Bank offers a comprehensive range of other financial services, including fund management, leasing, and factoring. Serving agricultural companies and small and medium-sized enterprises is a 
priority for OTP Group. 

Besides Hungary, OTP Group currently operates in 11 countries of the region via its subsidiaries: in Albania (Banka OTP Albania SHA ), in Bulgaria (DSK Bank AD), in Croatia (OTP banka dioničko 
društvo), in Romania (OTP Bank Romania S.A.), in Serbia (OTP banka Srbija akcionarsko društvo Novi Sad), in Slovenia (SKB Banka d.d. Ljubljana, Nova KBM d.d.), in Ukraine (Joint-Stock Company 
OTP Bank), in Moldova (OTP Bank S.A.), in Montenegro (Crnogorska Komercijalna Banka AD Podgorica),  in Russia (Joint Stock Company “OTP Bank”) and in Uzbekistan (Ipoteka Bank).  

The continued development and expansion of OTP Bank have significantly contributed to the successful and efficient operation of the Banking Group, which can provide high quality services for both the 
retail and the institutional clients.  

https://www.otpgroup.info/home 

https://www.otpgroup.info/about/group-members 

Strategy alignment 

Does your corporate strategy identify and reflect sustainability as strategic priority/ies for your bank?  

☒ Yes 

☐ No 

Please describe how your bank has aligned and/or is planning to align its strategy to be consistent with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the Paris Climate Agreement, and relevant national 
and regional frameworks.  

Does your bank also reference any of the following frameworks or sustainability regulatory reporting requirements in its strategic priorities or policies to implement these? 

☐ UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights  

☒ International Labour Organization fundamental conventions 

☐ UN Global Compact 

☐ UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples 

☐ Any applicable regulatory reporting requirements on environmental risk assessments, e.g. on climate risk - please specify which ones: --------------------- 

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Principle 1: Alignment 

OTHER INFORMATIONS 

☐ Any applicable regulatory reporting requirements on social risk assessments, e.g. on modern slavery - please specify which ones: ------------------------- 

☐ None of the above 

OTP Group wants to play a regional leading role in financing a fair and gradual transition to a low-carbon economy and building sustainable future with its financing solutions.   

The Group’s responsibility for sustainable development starts with its business activities; we contribute to a financial infrastructure that is key to a well-functioning society by reducing risks and help 
achieve a more sustainable future by creating business opportunities. In addition to economic considerations, ethical, social and environmental risks are incorporated into our business decision-making, 
our business development and our operations. 
OTP Group approaches ESG from three main perspectives: as a responsible service provider, as a responsible employer and as a responsible social player. In addition to business opportunities, the 
strategy includes the management of relevant risks as well as social and corporate governance objectives.  

OTP Group has a strong will for its activity to serve for sustainable growth and social improvement, we committed to doing it with transparency and in line with Paris Agreement. We align our sustainability 
strategy with the Sustainable Development Goals. In order to avoid negative environmental and social impacts and to leverage potential business benefits, OTP Group considers sustainability a high 
priority, which received significant external attention in. 
https://www.otpgroup.info/static/sw/file/OTPGroup_ESG_approach.pdf 
https://www.otpgroup.info/static/portal/sw/file/contribution_SDG.pdf 

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Principle 2: Impact and Target Setting 

OTHER INFORMATIONS 

We will continuously increase our positive impacts while reducing the negative impacts on, and managing the risks to, people and environment resulting from our activities, products 
and services. To this end, we will set and publish targets where we can have the most significant impacts. 

Impact Analysis (Key Step 1) 

o 
Show that your bank has performed an impact analysis of its portfolio/s to identify its most significant impact areas and determine priority areas for target-setting. The impact analysis shall be updated 
regularly1 and fulfil the following requirements/elements (a-d)2:   

a)  Scope: What is the scope of your bank’s impact analysis? Please describe which parts of the bank’s core business areas, products/services across the main geographies that the bank operates in 

(as described under 1.1) have been considered in the impact analysis. Please also describe which areas have not yet been included, and why. 

The Group has conducted an analysis to identify the positive and negative impacts of company activities and to identify the areas with the most significant impacts, also considering the context in which it 
operates. 

We used the UNEP FI Portfolio Impact Analysis Tool to undertake an impact analysis of our portfolio. Due to the complexity of bank operations in different countries, the data collection required for the 
impact analysis is a major challenge. We are currently focusing on domestic market and the core business segments (retail and corporate). 

In Hungary Climate change, green financing, inclusive and healthy economies, affordable housing, resource efficiency and security, water quality are identified as high impact areas. To ensure 
consistency of proposed targets with stakeholder expectations, the Materiality matrix has been cross referenced. Green finance was rated as the most important issue for our stakeholders, while 
economic prosperity, financial literacy and digitalization were ranked in the top three issues for stakeholders. 

Integrated report 2023 

b)  Portfolio composition: Has your bank considered the composition of its portfolio (in %) in the analysis? Please provide proportional composition of your portfolio globally and per geographical scope 

i) by sectors & industries3 for business, corporate and investment banking portfolios (i.e. sector exposure or industry breakdown in %), and/or  
ii) by products & services and by types of customers for consumer and retail banking portfolios.  

If your bank has taken another approach to determine the bank’s scale of exposure, please elaborate, to show how you have considered where the bank’s core business/major activities lie in terms of 
industries or sectors. 

OTP Group provides financial services to various sectors as described in 1. (Business model), some of which may present Environment and Social risks. 

Based on the impact analysis, areas of high importance and risk in the countries of the OTP group and also relevant from the perspective of the financial sector: 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

Housing problems 

Resources efficiency, security 

Inclusive&Healthy economies 

Education 

Justice&Equality 

Strong Institutions, peace&Stability 

Based on the Impact Analysis, the areas of climate change and financial inclusion are among the most significant ones. 

1 That means that where the initial impact analysis has been carried out in a previous period, the information should be update d accordingly, the scope expanded as well as the quality of the impact 
analysis improved over time. 
2 Further guidance can be found in the Interactive Guidance on impact analysis and target setting. 
3 ‘Key sectors’ relative to different impact areas, i.e. those sectors whose positive and negative impacts are particularly strong, are particularly relevant here. 

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Principle 2: Impact and Target Setting 

OTHER INFORMATIONS 

c)  Context: What are the main challenges and priorities related to sustainable development in the main countries/regions in which your bank and/or your clients operate?4 Please describe how these 

have been considered, including what stakeholders you have engaged to help inform this element of the impact analysis.  

This step aims to put your bank’s portfolio impacts into the context of society’s needs. 

We conducted an impact analysis to identify the positive and negative impacts of company activities and to identify the areas with the most significant impacts, also considering the context in which it 
operates.  The organised and effective management of the Group’s environmental impacts is one of the key issues that has emerged. Our ESG goals are identifying the risks related to climate and 
environmental change, evaluating their impact and gradually introducing metrics for measuring them, focusing first and foremost on identifying climate risks. In said context, OTP Bank has also launched 
a process of acquiring useful information for managing environmental risks and gradually integrating these factors into the Risk Management Framework. 

With regard to credit exposures, our objective is to follow an integrated approach to take account of climate risks at all relevant stages of the credit process, by gradually implementing tools that make it 
possible to collect information and incentivise lending in sectors with significant ESG performance and support the transition of companies in said sectors towards a more sustainable business model and, 
ultimately, a smaller environmental footprint.  

Based on these first 3 elements of an impact analysis, what positive and negative impact areas has your bank identified? Which (at least two) significant impact areas did you prioritize to pursue your 
target setting strategy (see 2.2)5? Please disclose. 

Climate Change 

Financial Health&Inclusion 

d)  For these (min. two prioritized impact areas): Performance measurement: Has your bank identified which sectors & industries as well as types of customers financed or invested in are causing the 
strongest actual positive or negative impacts? Please describe how you assessed the performance of these, using appropriate indicators related to significant impact areas that apply to your bank’s 
context.  
In determining priority areas for target-setting among its areas of most significant impact, you should consider the bank’s current performance levels, i.e. qualitative and/or quantitative indicators and/or 
proxies of the social, economic and environmental impacts resulting from the bank’s activities and provision of products and services. If you have identified climate and/or financial health&inclusion as 
your most significant impact areas, please also refer to the applicable indicators in the Annex.  

If your bank has taken another approach to assess the intensity of impact resulting from the bank’s activities and provision of products and services, please describe this.  

The outcome of this step will then also provide the baseline (incl. indicators) you can use for setting targets in two areas of most significant impact. 

In line with OTP Group's ESG strategy, we have set a preliminary target to increase our loan portfolio in green assets to HUF 1,500 billion by 2025. Based on the results of our impact analysis and in line 
with our strategic goals and target setting requirements, we started by determining a baseline for 2021.   
OTP Group has become a signatory of Partnership for Carbon Accounting Financials (PCAF) in June 2023. This means that in the financed emission calculation, we are not only following PCAF 
methodology, but we are also using its emission factor database for calculation. We have estimated financed emission for 2021 and 2022, estimation for 2023 is still in progress. However, the results 
have not yet been made public,  the first disclosure of our estimated financed emission is planned  in early 2025. 

Though the coverage slightly varied between the years, we  included 75-80% of our total asset into the calculations. All economic sectors are included, the remaining 20-25% is mainly composed of 
unsecured residential loans due to lack of methodology. In accordance with PCAF guidance, we cover 4 segments: business loans, mortgages, commercial real estate and motor vehicle loans.  
In the last two years, OTP Bank has established the basis for a methodologically and data-quality-wise sound financed emission calculation of banking group portfolio: we have developed an in-house 
automated calculation engine to estimate financed emission, however, it is still in a pilot stage. It makes the financed emission calculation replicable, accurate and transparent. We strive to further refine 
the results of our financed emissions by expanding the range of data reported and improving the quality used and incorporate additional data. This  not only requires collaboration  between group 
members, but also engagement with our clients in all countries and sectors of the OTP Group. 

4 Global priorities might alternatively be considered for banks with highly diversified and int ernational portfolios. 

5  To  prioritize  the  areas  of most significant  impact,  a qualitative  overlay  to the quantitative  analysis  as  described  in  a),  b)   and c)  will  be  important,  e.g. through stakeholder  engagement  and  further 
geographic contextualisation. 

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Principle 2: Impact and Target Setting 

OTHER INFORMATIONS 

Currently, setting climate targets is in progress under a so-called  ‘decarbonization project’. By the end of 2024, we aim to set targets in the most carbon intensive sectors, according to the up-to-date 
professional standards, in the majority of countries where OTP is present. By the broad involvement of several key departments both in the headquarter and subsidiaries, we are also making significant 
efforts to involve all areas of bank's business and risk areas in defining and to understand what is needed to steer our portfolio to be aligned  with the Paris Climate Change Agreement. 

For several years, OTP Group has made it a priority to contribute to the improvement of the financial literacy of the population. We believe that conscious money management and self-provisioning are 
essential for financial well-being. To this end, we have produced general financial education videos on a variety of topics, and several of our campaigns focus on responsible money management. 
As one of the top retail and commercial banks, we have the responsibility to support the development of inclusive and sustainable societies.  
We believe we can help more people prosper and enjoy the benefits Financially empowered people of growth by empowering them financially, giving them access to tailored financial products and 
services, and improving their financial resilience through education. We aim to financially empower more people in the near future. 

We seek to provide tailored finance to people with less access to credit. We offer solutions to unbanked and underserved groups. We aim to foster social mobility by helping low-income and underbanked 
entrepreneurs set up and grow their businesses. 

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Self-assessment summary: 

OTHER INFORMATIONS 

Which of the following components of impact analysis has your bank completed, in order to identify the areas in which your bank has its most significant (potential) positive and negative impacts?6 

Scope:  

Portfolio composition: 

Context:  

☒ Yes  

☒ Yes 

☒ Yes  

☐ In progress  

☐ In progress  

☐ In progress 

Performance measurement:  

☐ Yes 

☒ In progress 

☐ No  

☐ No   

☐ No   

☐ No   

Which most significant impact areas have you identified for your bank, as a result of the impact analysis? 

Climate change mitigation, climate change adaptation, resource efficiency & circular economy, biodiversity, financial health & inclusion, human rights, gender equality, decent employment, water, 
pollution, other: please specify 

How recent is the data used for and disclosed in the impact analysis? 

☐  

☒  

☐  

☐  

Up to 6 months prior to publication 

Up to 12 months prior to publication  

Up to 18 months prior to publication  

Longer than 18 months prior to publication 

Open text field to describe potential challenges, aspects not covered by the above etc.: (optional) 

6 You can respond “Yes” to a question if you have completed one of the described steps, e.g. the initial impact analysis has be en carried out, a pilot has been conducted. 

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2.2  Target Setting (Key Step 2) 

OTHER INFORMATIONS 

Show that your bank has set and published a minimum of two targets which address at least two different areas of most significant impact that you identified in your impact analysis.  

The targets7 have to be Specific, Measurable (qualitative or quantitative), Achievable, Relevant and Time-bound (SMART). Please disclose the following elements of target setting (a-d), for each 
target separately: 

a)  Alignment: which international, regional or national policy frameworks to align your bank’s portfolio with8 have you identified as relevant? Show that the selected indicators and targets are linked 
to and drive alignment with and greater contribution to appropriate Sustainable Development Goals, the goals of the Paris Agreement, and other relevant international, national or regional 
frameworks.  
You can build upon the context items under 2.1.  

Once setting our decarbonization targets – which is an ongoing project in 2024 – we strive to align our portfolio with climate scenarios defined in the Paris Agreement. At the same time, we want to 
ensure that the sector-by-sector decarbonization approaches are realistic, implementable, and supported by society, and in line with the strategic priorities we have set ourselves according to the UN 
Sustainable Development Goals. 

Financial Literacy and Financial Health remain a main limitation of the wellbeing of many in the region. For several years, OTP Group has made it a priority to contribute to the improvement of the 
financial literacy of the population, in addition to providing correct information to customers and the calculators and guides available on our website. 

We take responsibility for educating young people and adults with basic financial literacy and responsible decision-making skills. Our aim is to create and spread financial literacy on a broad scale, 
with this initiative  we are contributing to the EU goal of reducing poverty by 2030 as well as to progress on the UN SDGs. 

https://www.otpgroup.info/sustainability/responsible-social-actor 

https://www.otpgroup.info/static/sw/file/OTPGroup_ESG_approach.pdf 

b)  Baseline: Have you determined a baseline for selected indicators and assessed the current level of alignment? Please disclose the indicators used as well as the year of the baseline. 

You can build upon the performance measurement undertaken in 2.1 to determine the baseline for your target. 

A package of indicators has been developed for climate change mitigation and financial health & inclusion to guide and support banks in their target setting and implementation journey. The 
overview of indicators can be found in the Annex of this template.  

If your bank has prioritized climate mitigation and/or financial health & inclusion as (one of) your most significant impact areas, it is strongly recommended to report on the indicators in the Annex, 
using an overview table like below including the impact area, all relevant indicators and the corresponding indicator codes:  

Impact area 
Climate change mitigation 

Impact area 
Financial health & inclusion 

Indicator code 
climate strategy? 
Paris Alignment target? 
Climate policy? 
Portfolio analysis? 
Financed emission? 

Indicator code 
participants of adult training 
programs 
participants of students 
training programs  
… 

Response  

only for internal use 
only for internal use 

Response  
IR page 193 

In case you have identified other and/or additional indicators as relevant to determine the baseline and assess the level of alignment towards impact driven targets, please disclose these. 

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OTHER INFORMATIONS 

c)  SMART targets (incl. key performance indicators (KPIs)9): Please disclose the targets for your first and your second area of most significant impact, if already in place (as well as further 

impact areas, if in place). Which KPIs are you using to monitor progress towards reaching the target? Please disclose. 

To align our portfolio with the Paris Agreement objectives and to reach net-zero financed emissions by 2050, we are in the process to set decarbonization targets in the most carbon intensive 
sectors. The first interim targets will be set for 2030 with 5 years milestones until reaching net-zero by 2050.  

The OK Educational and Innovation Centre and the OTP Fáy András Foundation provide free finance and economics courses in Hungary, Romania and Moldova, helping thousands of students 
and adults every year to expand their knowledge.  

SMART targets are being developed and will be reported in the next report. 

d)  Action plan: which actions including milestones have you defined to meet the set targets? Please describe.  

Please also show that your bank has analysed and acknowledged significant (potential) indirect impacts of the set targets within the impact area or on other impact areas and that it has set out 
relevant actions to avoid, mitigate, or compensate potential negative impacts. 

under development 

7 Operational targets (relating to for example water consumption in office buildings, gender equality on the bank’s management board or business-trip related greenhouse gas emissions) are not in scope 
of the PRB. 

8 Your bank should consider the main challenges and priorities in terms of sustainable development in your main country/ies of operation for the purpose of setting targets. These can be found in National 
Development Plans and strategies, international goals such as the SDGs or the Paris Climate Agreement, and regional framework s. Aligning means there should be a clear link between the bank’s 
targets and these frameworks and priorities, therefore showing how the target supports and drives contributions to the nation al and global goals. 

9 Key Performance Indicators are chosen indicators by the bank for the purpose of monitoring progress towards targets.  

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Self-assessment summary 

OTHER INFORMATIONS 

Which of the following components of target setting in line with the PRB requirements has your bank completed or is currently in a process of assessing for your areas of most significant impact. 

Alignment  

Baseline  

SMART targets 

Action plan 

Climate Change 

☒ Yes 

☐ In progress 

☐ No 

☐ Yes 

☒ In progress 

☐ No 

☐ Yes 

☒ In progress 

☐ No 

☐ Yes 

☒ In progress 

☐ No 

Financial Health&Inclusion 

☒ Yes 

☐ In progress 

☐ No 

☐ Yes 

☒ In progress 

☐ No 

☐ Yes 

☒ In progress 

☐ No 

☐ Yes 

☒ In progress 

☐ No 

2.3  Target implementation and monitoring (Key Step 2) 

For each target separately: 

Show that your bank has implemented the actions it had previously defined to meet the set target.  

Report on your bank’s progress since the last report towards achieving each of the set targets and the impact your progress resulted in, using the indicators and KPIs to monitor progress you have 
defined under 2.2. 

Or, in case of changes to implementation plans (relevant for 2nd and subsequent reports only): describe the potential changes (changes to priority impact areas, changes to indicators, 
acceleration/review of targets, introduction of new milestones or revisions of action plans) and explain why those changes have become necessary. 

We are currently working on the finalization of the goals and the targets will be shown in our next report. 

Links and references 

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Principle 3: Clients and Customers 

OTHER INFORMATIONS 

We will work responsibly with our clients and our customers to encourage sustainable practices and enable economic activities that create shared prosperity for current and future 
generations. 

3.1 Client engagement 
Does your bank have a policy or engagement process with clients and customers1 in place to encourage sustainable practices?  

☐ Yes 

☐ In progress 

☒ No 

Does your bank have a policy for sectors in which you have identified the highest (potential) negative impacts?  

☐ Yes 

☐ In progress 

☒ No 

Describe how your bank has worked with and/or is planning to work with its clients and customers to  encourage sustainable practices and enable sustainable economic activities 2). It should 
include information on relevant policies, actions planned/implemented to support clients’ transition, selected indicators on  client engagement and, where possible, the impacts achieved. 

This should be based on and in line with the impact analysis, target-setting and action plans put in place by the bank (see P2). 

With its products and service provision methods, the Banking Group can contribute to the financial welfare of its clients and enable them to make the responsible financial decisions best suited to their 
particular life situations. The group’s practices influence the extent to which responsible cash handling options are available or unavailable to customers in different financial and social circumstances. 
Financial products and services are often complex, and the information provided by the Banking Group is essential to understanding them. 

We are committed to promoting our customers’ financial welfare and we offer them products that are aligned with their real needs and possibilities. We always aim to make sure that our communication 
and customer service is fair, clear and straightforward. Our objectives are also presented in our Responsible Marketing Policy and Consumer Protection Compliance Program  

https://www.otpgroup.info/static/sw/file/SRMP_Statement_20230630.pdf 

https://www.otpgroup.info/static/sw/file/PAI_Statement_20210331__1_.pdf 

https://www.otpgroup.info/static/sw/file/OTP_Partneri_EtikaiKodex_EN.pdf 

@Responsible Marketing Policy 

@Consumer Protection Compliance Program 

3.2  Business opportunities 

Describe what strategic business opportunities in relation to the increase of positive and the reduction of negative impacts your bank has identified and/or how you have worked on these in the reporting 
period. Provide information on existing products and services , information on sustainable products developed in terms of value (USD or local currency) and/or as a % of your portfolio, and which SDGs or 
impact areas you are striving to make a positive impact on (e.g. green mortgages – climate, social bonds – financial inclusion, etc.). 

OTP Group aims to service all customer segments. All our products and services are designed to comply with the principles of ethical business conduct and legal requirements.  Environmental 
considerations are becoming an increasingly important factor in economic and investment decisions, helping to achieve sustainable growth. OTP Group intensively supports the financing of renewable 
energy projects, including solar park, windfarm, hydropower and energy efficiency investment projects. 

We strive to ensure the availability of state and international preferential funding for both our retail and corporate customers. These funds typically support important social and environmental objectives. 
Schemes promoting energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy sources have recently become emphatic in this area. 

https://www.otpgroup.info/static/sw/file/Sustainable_Finance_Framework_ENG.pdf 

https://www.otpbank.hu/static/portal/sw/file/Green_loan_framework_ENG.pdf 

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Principle 4: Stakeholders 

OTHER INFORMATIONS 

We will proactively and responsibly consult, engage and partner with relevant stakeholders to achieve society’s goals. 

4.1 Stakeholder identification and consultation 
Does your bank have a process to identify and regularly consult, engage, collaborate and partner with stakeholders (or stakeholder groups1) you have identified as relevant in relation to the impact 
analysis and target setting process?  

☒ Yes 

☐ In progress 

☐ No 

Please describe which stakeholders (or groups/types of stakeholders) you have identified, consulted, engaged, collaborated or partnered with for the purpose of implementing the Principles and improving 
your bank’s impacts. This should include a high-level overview of how your bank has identified relevant stakeholders, what issues were addressed/results achieved and how they fed into the action 
planning process. 

Memberships: Within the PCAF (Partnership for Carbon Accounting Financial) we participate on further developing methodologies and validating the database of emission factors for the CEE region.  

Clients: OTP Group regularly performs surveys among the population in our core markets. Some of these specifically address ESG factors and how important they are perceived as being by our clients.  

We support some regional events on specific ESG relevant topics  

Employees: We inform and engage with employees on ESG topics via online learning platform. We announced an Idea competition to give employees the chance to participate in and actively contribute 
to sustainability projects in our offices and beyond.  

Management and supervisory board: Our management is engaged in all ESG related strategy decisions and target achievements. 

1 Such as regulators, investors, governments, suppliers, customers and clients, academia, civil society institutions, communiti es, representatives of indigenous population and non-profit organizations 

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Principle 5: Governance & Culture 

OTHER INFORMATIONS 

We will implement our commitment to these Principles through effective governance and a culture of responsible banking 

5.1  Governance Structure for Implementation of the Principles 

Does your bank have a governance system in place that incorporates the PRB?  

☒ Yes 
Please describe the relevant governance structures, policies and procedures your bank has in place/is planning to put in place to manage significant positive and negative (potential) impacts and support 
the effective implementation of the Principles. This includes information about  

☐ In progress 

☐ No 

• 

• 

• 

which committee has responsibility over the sustainability strategy as well as targets approval and monitoring (including information about the highest level of governance the PRB is subjected to), 

details about the chair of the committee and the process and frequency for the board having oversight of PRB implementation (including remedial action in the event of targets or milestones not being 
achieved or unexpected negative impacts being detected), as well as  

remuneration practices linked to sustainability targets. 

The fulfilment of our PRB commitment as well as our ESG strategy lies with the 

ESG Committee, consisting of Board members and senior managers. ESG Committee meetings are held four times a year. 

https://www.otpgroup.info/static/sw/file/OTPGroup_ESG_approach.pdf 

5.2  Promoting a culture of responsible banking: 

Describe the initiatives and measures of your bank to foster a culture of responsible banking among its employees (e.g., capacity building, e-learning, sustainability trainings for client-facing roles, 
inclusion in remuneration structures and performance management and leadership communication, amongst others).   

To create awareness for the importance of sustainability in our daily business ESG trainings and events are mandatory for all employees to provide information themselves about ESG strategy and 
ongoing initiatives. 

The members of the Banking Group have launched numerous programmes, awareness-raising campaigns and involved employees to promote environmental awareness and the protection of natural 
values. 

OTP Bank has launched the Green Challenge idea contest among its employees to come up with solutions that support the reduction of the bank’s carbon footprint and that can be easily implemented in 
everyday practice. To start the competition, we launched a series of articles on six topics on the intranet. We rewarded the employees who answered the quiz questions at the end of each article the 
fastest. 

Links and references 

5.3  Policies and due diligence processes 
Does your bank have policies in place that address environmental and social risks within your portfolio?1 Please describe. 

Please describe what due diligence processes your bank has installed to identify and manage environmental and social risks associated with your portfolio. This can include aspects such as identification 
of significant/salient risks, environmental and social risks mitigation and definition of action plans, monitoring and reporting on risks and any existing grievance mechanism, as well as the governance 
structures you have in place to oversee these risks. 

Our ESG policies are available at otpgroup.info. 

https://www.otpgroup.info/sustainability/policies 

1 Applicable examples of types of policies are: exclusion policies for certain sectors/activities; zero-deforestation policies; zero-tolerance policies; gender-related policies; social due diligence policies; 
stakeholder engagement policies; whistle-blower policies etc., or any applicable national guidelines related to social risks. 

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Self-assessment summary  

OTHER INFORMATIONS 

Does the CEO or other C-suite officers have regular oversight over the implementation of the Principles through the bank’s governance system?  

☒ Yes 

☐ No 

Does the governance system entail structures to oversee PRB implementation (e.g. incl. impact analysis and target setting, actions to achieve these targets and processes of remedial action in the 
event targets/milestones are not achieved or unexpected neg. impacts are detected)?  

☒ Yes 

☐ No 

Does your bank have measures in place to promote a culture of sustainability among employees (as described in 5.2)?  

☒ Yes 

☐ In progress 

☐ No 

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Principle 6: Transparency & Accountability 

OTHER INFORMATIONS 

We will periodically review our individual and collective implementation of these Principles and be transparent about and accountable for our positive and negative impacts and our 
contribution to society’s goals. 

6.1  Assurance 

Has this publicly disclosed information on your PRB commitments been assured by an independent assurer? 

☐  Yes 

☐ Partially 

☒ No 

If applicable, please include the link or description of the assurance statement. 

6.2  Reporting on other frameworks 

Does your bank disclose sustainability information in any of the listed below standards and frameworks? 

☒  

☒  

☒  

☐  

☒  

☐  

GRI 

SASB 

CDP  

IFRS Sustainability Disclosure Standards (to be published) 

TCFD 

Other: …. 

6.3  Outlook 
What are the next steps your bank will undertake in next 12 month-reporting period (particularly on impact analysis1, target setting2 and governance structure for implementing the PRB)? Please describe 
briefly. 

In the next 12 months we plan to complete the following steps: 

- 
- 
- 
- 

decarbonization strategy 

decarbonization targets for our portfolio 

Financial literacy strategy 

Financial health and inclusion indicators in target setting 

Links and references 

Principle 6: Transparency & Accountability 

1 For example outlining plans for increasing the scope by including areas that have not yet been covered, or planned steps in t erms of portfolio composition, context and performance measurement  
2 For example outlining plans for baseline measurement, developing targets for (more) impact areas, setting interim targets, developing action plans etc.  

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6.4  Challenges 

  OTHER INFORMATIONS 

Here is a short section to find out about challenges your bank is possibly facing regarding the implementation of the Principles for Responsible Banking. Your feedback will be helpful to contextualise the 
collective progress of PRB signatory banks.  

What challenges have you prioritized to address when implementing the Principles for Responsible Banking? Please choose what you consider the top three challenges your bank has prioritized to 
address in the last 12 months (optional question). 

If desired, you can elaborate on challenges and how you are tackling these: 

☐ Embedding PRB oversight into governance  

☒ Customer engagement 

☐ Gaining or maintaining momentum in the bank 

☐ Stakeholder engagement 

☐ Getting started: where to start and what to focus on in the beginning 

☒ Data availability 

☐ Conducting an impact analysis 

☒ Data quality 

☐ Assessing negative environmental and social impacts 

☐ Access to resources 

☒ Choosing the right performance measurement methodology/ies 

☐ Setting targets 

☐ Other: … 

☒ Reporting 

☐ Assurance 

☐ Prioritizing actions internally 

If desired, you can elaborate on challenges and how you are tackling these: 

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INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANT’S ASSURANCE REPORT ON SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

668 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTP BANK 

INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANT’S ASSURANCE REPORT ON SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

669 

 
 
 
OTP BANK 

INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANT’S ASSURANCE REPORT ON SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

670 

 
 
 
OTP BANK 

INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANT’S ASSURANCE REPORT ON SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING 

INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

671