Pacific Biosciences of California, Inc.

2020 Annual Report

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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-K

(Mark One)
È ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES

EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020
Or

‘ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from

to

Commission File Number 001-34899

Pacific Biosciences of California, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)

1305 O’Brien Drive
Menlo Park, CA 94025
(Address of principal executive offices)

16-1590339
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)

94025
(Zip Code)

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
(650) 521-8000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Trading Symbol(s)
PACB

Name of each exchange on which registered
The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

Title of each class
Common Stock, par value
$0.001 per share

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ‘ No È
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the

Act. Yes ‘ No È

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and
(2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes È No ‘

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant

to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was
required to submit and post such files). Yes È No ‘

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting

company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company”
and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer ‘
Non-accelerated filer È

‘
Accelerated filer
Smaller reporting company È
Emerging growth company ‘

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for

complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ‘

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of

its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public
accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. Yes ‘ No È

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ‘ No È
Aggregate market value of registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant on June 30, 2020, based upon the closing

price of Common Stock on such date as reported by NASDAQ Global Select Market, was approximately $498,891,052. Shares of voting
stock held by each officer and director have been excluded in that such persons may be deemed to be affiliates. This assumption regarding
affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes.

Number of shares outstanding of the issuer’s common stock as of January 31, 2021: 193,102,689

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE:
Portions of the registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement relating to its 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on June 16, 2021
are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K where indicated. Such Proxy Statement will be filed with the
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year to which this report relates.

[THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK]

Pacific Biosciences of California, Inc.

Annual Report on Form 10-K

PART I

Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 1B.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
PART II
Item 5.

Item 6.
Item 7.

Item 7A.
Item 8.
Item 9.

Item 9A.
Item 9B.

PART III

Item 10.
Item 11.
Item 12.

Item 13.
Item 14.
PART IV
Item 15.
Item 16.
Signatures

Business
Risk Factors
Unresolved Staff Comments
Properties
Legal Proceedings
Mine Safety Disclosures

Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer
Purchases of Equity Securities
Selected Financial Data
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial
Disclosure
Controls and Procedures
Other Information

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Executive Compensation
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related
Stockholder Matters
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Principal Accountant Fees and Services

Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
Form 10-K Summary

Page

1
13
46
46
46
46

47
49

50
60
62

98
98
99

99
99

99
99
99

99
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103

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Discussions under the captions “Business,” “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of

Financial Condition and Results of Operations” contain or may contain forward-looking statements that are based
on the beliefs and assumptions of the management of Pacific Biosciences of California, Inc. (the “Company,”
“we,” “us,” or “our”) and on information currently available to our management. The statements contained in this
Annual Report on Form 10-K that are not purely historical are forward-looking statements within the meaning of
Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and include, but are not limited to, the attributes and sequencing advantages
of SMRT® technology, our current and future products, market opportunities, strategic and commercial plans,
including strategy for our business and related financing, expectations regarding the conversion of backlog to
revenue and the pricing and gross margin for products, manufacturing plans including developing and scaling of
manufacturing and delivery of our products, research and development plans, product development including,
among other things, statements relating to future uses, quality or performance of, or benefits of using, products or
technologies, updates or improvements of our products, intentions regarding seeking regulatory approval for our
products, competition, expectations regarding unrecognized income tax benefits, expectations regarding the
impact of an increase in market rates on the value of our investment portfolio, the sufficiency of cash, cash
equivalents and investments to fund projected operating requirements, the effects of recent accounting
pronouncements on our financial statements and other future events. Such statements may be signified by terms
such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “could,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “plans,” “potential,”
“predicts,” “projects,” “seeks,” “should,” “target,” “will,” “would” or similar expressions and the negatives of
those terms. Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that
may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results,
performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause
or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed under the heading “Risk Factors”
in this report and in other documents we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Given these
risks and uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Also, forward-
looking statements represent management’s beliefs and assumptions as of the date of this report. Except as
required by law, we assume no obligation to update forward-looking statements publicly, or to update the reasons
actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements, even if new
information becomes available in the future.

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

Overview

We develop solutions that allow scientists to fundamentally transform how data from living systems are
acquired, processed, and interpreted. Our products provide the most accurate and complete views of the genetic
code of all living things, empowering scientists to improve the human condition – from curing diseases, to
feeding a hungry world, to conserving our planet’s ecosystems.

Based on our novel Single Molecule, Real-Time (SMRT®) sequencing technology, our products enable: de

novo genome assembly to finish genomes in order to more fully identify, annotate and decipher genomic
structures; full-length transcript analysis to improve annotations in reference genomes, characterize alternatively
spliced isoforms in important gene families, and find novel genes; targeted sequencing to more comprehensively
characterize genetic variations; and real-time kinetic information for epigenome characterization. Our technology
provides highly accurate, long reads, otherwise referred to as HiFi reads, with uniform coverage and the ability to
simultaneously detect epigenetic changes. PacBio® sequencing systems, including associated consumables and
software, provide a simple and fast end-to-end workflow for SMRT sequencing.

Our current products include our Sequel II and Sequel IIe instruments, which when used together with our
SMRT Cell 8M, are capable of sequencing up to approximately eight million DNA molecules simultaneously,
and our previous generation Sequel instrument, which when used together with our SMRT Cell 1M, are capable
of sequencing up to approximately one million DNA molecules simultaneously.

Our customers and our scientific collaborators have published over 8000 peer-reviewed articles in journals

including Nature, Science, Cell, PNAS and The New England Journal of Medicine highlighting the power and
applications of SMRT sequencing in projects such as finishing genomes, structural variation discovery, isoform
transcriptome characterization, rare mutation discovery and the identification of chemical modifications of DNA
related to virulence and pathogenicity. Our research and development efforts are focused on developing new
products and further improving our existing products including continuing chemistry and sample preparation
improvements to increase throughput and expand our supported applications.

Pacific Biosciences of California, Inc., formerly Nanofluidics, Inc., was incorporated in the State of
Delaware in 2000. Our executive offices are located at 1305 O’Brien Drive, Menlo Park, California 94025, and
our telephone number is (650) 521-8000.

The Underlying Science

Genetic inheritance in living systems is conveyed through a naturally occurring information storage system

known as deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA. DNA stores information in linear chains of the chemical bases
adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine, represented by the symbols A, C, G and T respectively.

In humans, the human genome is comprised of approximately three billion DNA base-pairs, which, are
divided into 23 chromosomes ranging in size from 50 million to 250 million bases. Within these chromosomes
are approximately 23,000 smaller regions, called genes, which contain the blueprints for protein production. The
proteins synthesized from these blueprints essentially underlie the operation of all biological systems.

The first few whole-genome sequencing studies of disease have shown that rare mutations play a critical
role in human disease, which has contributed to the burgeoning field of genomics. Since then, recent discoveries
have highlighted additional complexities in the building blocks of DNA and ribonucleic acid, or RNA, including
the presence of modified bases, the discovery of new modified bases, and the processing of RNA, molecules after
such molecules are transcribed from the genome, thereby affecting the synthesis of proteins.

Recent advances in our understanding of biological complexity have highlighted the need for advanced
tools, such as our Sequel® System, Sequel II System, and Sequel IIe System, to study DNA, RNA, and proteins.

1

Incremental technological advances in nucleic acid sequencing have provided novel insights into the structure
and function of the genome. With our technology, we hope to help scientists to one day fully characterize
genomes in both humans and other living organisms.

Evolution of Sequencing

In order to understand the limitations of current nucleic acid sequencing technologies, it is important to

understand the sequencing process. This process consists of three phases: sample preparation, physical
sequencing, and analysis. In the sample preparation phase, the target genome is broken into multiple small
fragments and, depending on the amount of sample DNA available, these fragments may be copied multiple
times through a process known as amplification, using a variety of molecular methods. In the physical
sequencing phase, the individual bases in each fragment are identified in order, creating individual reads. The
number of individual bases identified contiguously is defined as read length. In the analysis phase, bioinformatics
software is used to align overlapping reads, which allows the original genome to be assembled into contiguous
sequence. The longer the read length, the easier it is to accurately assemble the genome.

Sanger Sequencing

The first automated sequencing methodology, often referred to as “Sanger sequencing,” was developed by
Frederick Sanger in 1977. With this technology, during sample preparation, scientists first make different sized
fragments of DNA each starting from the same location. Each fragment ends with a particular base that is labeled
with one of four fluorescent dyes corresponding to that particular base. Then all of the fragments are distributed
in order of their length by driving them through a gel. Information regarding the last base is used to determine the
original sequence. Under standard conditions, this method results in a read length that is approximately 700 bases
on average, but may be extended to 1,000 bases. These are relatively long read lengths compared with many
next-generation sequencing methods. However, Sanger sequencing is limited by the small amounts of data that
can be processed per unit of time, referred to as throughput.

Short-read Sequencing

Several commercial DNA sequencing tools emerged in 2005 in response to the low throughput of Sanger

sequencing. Now commonly referred to as “short-read sequencing”, these methods achieve much higher
throughput by sequencing a large number of DNA molecules in parallel, but with the tradeoff of shorter read
lengths.

In most short-read sequencing methodologies, tens of thousands of identical strands are anchored to a given

location to be read in a process consisting of successive flushing and scanning operations. The “flush and scan”
sequencing process involves sequentially flushing in reagents, such as labeled nucleotides, incorporating
nucleotides into the DNA strands, stopping the incorporation reaction, washing out the excess reagent, scanning
to identify the incorporated base and finally treating that base so that the strand is ready for the next “flush and
scan” cycle. This cycle is repeated until the reaction is no longer viable.

Due to the large number of flushing, scanning and washing cycles required, the time to result for short-read
sequencing methods can be longer, sometimes taking days. This repetitive process also limits the average read
length produced by most of these systems under standard sequencing conditions to approximately 35 to 600
bases.

The short-read sequencing technologies require a large number of DNA molecules during the sequencing

process. To generate enough DNA molecules, a copying method called PCR amplification is required during the
sample preparation phase. This amplification process can introduce errors known as amplification bias. The
effect of this bias is that resulting copies are not uniformly representative of the original template DNA. In cases
where the original template DNA contains regions of relatively high G-C content or relatively high A-T content,
the PCR amplification process tends to under-represent these regions. As a result, these regions, which may
contain entire genes, can be completely missed.

2

In summary, while short-read sequencing methods can offer very high throughput and low cost per

identified base, their disadvantages can include limited read length, variation in sequence coverage with regard to
representation bias and accuracy, dependence on amplification, long time to result, and/or a need for many
samples to justify machine operation.

The PacBio Solution — Single Molecule, Real-Time Technology

We have developed our SMRT technology, which enables single molecule, real-time detection of nucleic

acid sequences, to address many of the limitations of previous sequencing technologies. By providing long read
lengths, elimination of the dependence on amplification during sample preparation (which can result in
amplification bias), very high consensus accuracy, and the ability to detect DNA base modifications, PacBio’s
systems can provide more comprehensive and higher quality information of DNA and RNA sequence as well as
epigenetic regulation and DNA damage.

Pacific Biosciences’ SMRT Technology

SMRT technology enables the observation of DNA synthesis as it occurs in real time by harnessing the
natural process of DNA replication, which in nature is a highly efficient and accurate process actuated by DNA
polymerases, enzymes measuring approximately 15 nanometers (nm) in diameter. DNA polymerases attach
themselves to a strand of DNA to be replicated, examines the individual base at the point it is attached, and then
determines which of four building blocks, or nucleotides, is required to complement that individual base. After
determining which nucleotide is required, the polymerases incorporate that nucleotide into the growing strand
being produced. After incorporation, the enzyme advances to the next base to be replicated and the process is
repeated.

To overcome the challenges inherent in real-time observation of the natural activity of the DNA polymerase,

we offer and support four key innovations:

• The SMRT Cell

•

Phospholinked nucleotides

• The Sequel, Sequel II, or Sequel IIe instruments

• Circular Consensus Sequencing or “HiFi Reads”

The SMRT Cell

One of the fundamental challenges with observing a single DNA polymerase molecule working in real time

is the ability to detect the incorporation of a single nucleotide, taken from a large pool of potential nucleotides,
during DNA synthesis. To resolve this problem, we utilize our nanoscale innovation, the zero-mode waveguide,
or ZMW.

The ZMWs in our SMRT Cells consist of holes in an opaque layer, measuring only tens of nanometers in
diameter forming nanoscale wells. The small size of the ZMW causes the intensity of visible laser light, which
has a wavelength of approximately 600nm, to decay exponentially in the ZMW. Therefore, laser light shined into
the ZMW from below is blocked from reaching the sequencing solution above the ZMW, providing selective
illumination of only the bottom portion of the nanoscale well. DNA polymerases are anchored to the bottom of
the glass surface of the nanoscale wells using proprietary techniques. Nucleotides, each type labeled with a
different colored fluorophore, are then flooded above an array of ZMWs at the required concentration. When the
labeled nucleotides diffuse into the bottom portion of the nanoscale wells, which contain the anchored DNA
polymerases, their fluorescence can be monitored. When the correct nucleotide is detected by the polymerase, it
is incorporated into the growing DNA strand in a process that takes milliseconds in contrast to simple diffusion
which takes microseconds. This difference in time results in higher signal intensity for incorporated versus

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unincorporated nucleotides, which creates a high signal-to-noise ratio. Thus, the ZMW provides the ability to
detect a single incorporation event against the background of fluorescently labeled nucleotides at biologically
relevant concentrations. Our DNA sequencing is performed on proprietary SMRT Cells, each having an array of
ZMWs. The SMRT Cells for the Sequel System each contain approximately one million ZMWs and the SMRT
Cells for the Sequel II or IIe System contain approximately eight million ZMWs. Each ZMW is capable of
containing a DNA polymerase molecule bound to a single DNA template. Currently, our immobilization process
randomly distributes polymerases into ZMWs across the SMRT Cell, typically resulting in approximately
one-third to two-thirds of the ZMWs having a single template.

Phospholinked Nucleotides

Our proprietary phospholinked nucleotides have a fluorescent dye attached to the phosphate chain of the
nucleotide rather than to the base. As a natural step in the synthesis process, the phosphate chain is cleaved when
the nucleotide is incorporated into the DNA strand. Thus, upon incorporation of a phospholinked nucleotide, the
DNA polymerase naturally frees the dye molecule from the nucleotide when it cleaves the phosphate chain. Upon
cleaving, the label quickly diffuses away, leaving a natural piece of DNA without evidence of labeling.

The Sequel, Sequel II and Sequel IIe Instruments

The Sequel, Sequel II and Sequel IIe instruments conduct, monitor, and analyze single molecule

biochemical reactions in real time. The instruments use extremely sensitive imaging systems to collect the light
pulses emitted by fluorescent reagents allowing the observation of biological processes. Computer algorithms are
used to translate the information that is captured by the optics system. Using the recorded information, light
pulses are converted into either an A, C, G or T base call with associated quality metrics. Once sequencing is
started, the real-time data is delivered to the system’s primary analysis pipeline, which outputs base identity and
quality values, or QVs.

HiFi Reads

We enable our customers to achieve very high accuracy on long, individual DNA fragments using our
Circular Consensus Sequencing method, whereby the same DNA fragment is repetitively read to overcome
random errors that can occur on each pass. This proprietary method of producing what we call “HiFi reads”
differentiates PacBio sequencing from other long-read technologies. Users who generate HiFi reads with PacBio
systems can sequence single molecule DNA fragments up to 25,000 base pairs in length with an average
accuracy of 99.9%.

SMRT Sequencing Advantages

Sequencing based on our SMRT technology offers the following key benefits:

•

Longer read lengths

SMRT technology has been demonstrated to produce read lengths that are significantly longer than
those of previous sequencing technologies. With reads of tens of kilobases in length, users can
assemble complete genomes and sequence full-length transcripts. Long read lengths are an important
factor in enabling a comprehensive view of the genome, as they can reveal multiple types of genetic
variation such as structural variants.

• High accuracy

Users of SMRT technology can achieve very high accuracy due to the attributes of SMRT sequencing,
including accurate mapping of long reads, lack of reliance on amplification during sample preparation
(which can result in amplification bias), and lower systematic bias. In addition, using PacBio’s
proprietary Circular Consensus Sequencing method, our customers can generate HiFi reads on single
molecule DNA fragments up to 25,000 base pairs in length with an average accuracy of 99.9%. This
accuracy provides the information users need to confidently call and detect all types of variants.

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• More uniformity and less systematic error

The sample preparation step for SMRT sequencing is compatible with but does not require
amplification; when amplification is not used during sample preparation, the reads are not subject to
amplification bias. Importantly, this allows for uniform identification of all bases present in a DNA
sample and uniform sequence coverage. As a result, SMRT sequencing can detect and identify regions
and entire genes that may be missed by short-read sequencing technologies. In addition, SMRT
sequencing can achieve high accuracy when sequencing through complex and highly repetitive regions,
whereas other sequencing methods are unable to resolve such regions, which can often result in poor
accuracy.

• Ability to observe and capture kinetic information

The ability to observe the activity of a DNA polymerase in real time enables the PacBio RS II, Sequel,
and Sequel II Systems to collect, measure and assess the dynamics and timing of nucleotides being
added to a growing DNA strand, referred to as kinetics. It is well established in the scientific
community that chemical modification of DNA such as the addition of a methyl group, known as
methylation, can alter the biological activity of the affected nucleotide. The Sequel and Sequel II
Systems detect changes in kinetics automatically by capturing and recording changes in the duration of,
and time period between, each of the fluorescent pulses during a typical sequencing analysis. Integrated
software can then translate these kinetic signatures into uniquely characterized modified bases such as
6-mA, 4-mC and 5-mC. Other sequencing systems, which rely on a sample preparation amplification
step or are limited by signal resolution, are unable to directly measure this type of kinetic data.

• Flexibility

Our sequencing systems have the ability to scale the throughput and cost of sequencing across a range
of small to large projects. They can be used with a variety of sample types and can output a range of
DNA lengths.

Our Products

We entered the market with our first commercial product, the PacBio RS System, during the second quarter

of 2011 and launched the higher performance PacBio RS II System during the second quarter of 2013. In
September 2015, we announced the Sequel System, which is based on the same underlying SMRT technology as
the PacBio RS II System, but the Sequel System can achieve up to approximately seven times the throughput
using the SMRT Cell 1M chip. In April 2019, we introduced the Sequel II System, which can achieve
approximately eight times the throughput of the Sequel System, utilizing our new SMRT Cell 8M chip. Coupled
with chemistry and software improvements for the Sequel II System released during the fourth quarter of 2019,
customers commonly generate up to 15 times as much throughput on Sequel II Systems, compared with the
throughput generated on Sequel systems. Our sequencing systems provide access to a wide range of applications
and are designed for expandable improvements to performance capability and new application capabilities
through chemistry and software enhancements without necessitating changes to instrument hardware. In October
2020, we launched the Sequel IIe System, which has increased computational capacity, and is designed to enable
customers to generate PacBio HiFi reads more efficiently.

PacBio’s Systems

The PacBio RS II, Sequel, Sequel II and Sequel IIe Systems conduct, monitor, and analyze biochemical
sequencing reactions. PacBio systems are integrated units that include high performance optics, automated liquid
handling, a touchscreen control interface and computational hardware and software. Each instrument’s high
performance optics monitor the ZMWs in a SMRT Cell in real time. The automated liquid handling system
performs reagent mixing and prepares SMRT Cells. Each instrument’s touchscreen control interface is the user’s
primary control center to design and monitor experiments. The computational hardware and software in each

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instrument is responsible for processing the sequencing data produced by the SMRT Cells. The PacBio Systems
have been designed to allow for performance improvements to be easily integrated into the systems. We no
longer manufacture the PacBio RS II instrument.

Consumables

Customers must purchase proprietary consumable products to run their PacBio Systems. Our consumable

products include our proprietary SMRT Cells and reagent kits. One SMRT Cell is consumed per sequencing
reaction, and scientists can choose the number of SMRT Cells they use per experiment. SMRT Cells are
individually and hermetically sealed, then packaged together into a streamlined four-pack tray.

We offer several reagent kits, each designed to address a specific step in the workflow. A template
preparation kit is used to convert DNA into SMRTbell® double-stranded DNA library formats and includes
typical molecular biology reagents, such as ligase, buffers and exonucleases. Our binding kits include our
modified DNA polymerase, and are used to bind SMRTbell libraries to the polymerase in preparation for
sequencing. Our sequencing kits contain reagents required for on-instrument, real-time sequencing, including the
phospholinked nucleotides.

Product Enhancements

Since the introduction of our products in 2011, we have continued to significantly enhance the performance

of PacBio sequencing systems through a combination of sample preparation protocol enhancements, software
releases, and new sequencing reagent chemistries. By providing an increasing number of longer reads per
instrument run, the new chemistries have enabled users to assemble more genomes to a high quality. We have
continually improved our software to expand the number of supported applications such as large genome
assembly, structural variant analysis, variant detection, sequencing of transcript isoforms produced from genes,
metagenomics, and phasing of haplotypes in large amplicons.

Market for Our Products

Our customers use our products for sequencing genomes and transcriptomes across a wide range of
organisms. Initially, customers in research, government and commercial markets used PacBio Systems to
generate more complete assemblies of small and medium size genomes, such as bacteria and fungi, and for
sequencing targeted regions of larger genomes such as humans and plants. As throughput and read lengths have
increased, the complexity and size of genomes being resolved with SMRT sequencing have grown. Scientists
now use SMRT sequencing to generate genome assemblies of numerous plant, human and other animal genes,
including characterization of transcriptomes through full-length isoform sequencing, and phase complex genomic
regions like full-length human leukocyte antigen, or HLA, genes. With continued performance improvements of
our products, we anticipate increasing both mindshare and market share within research, government and
commercial markets such as human biomedical research, plant and animal sciences, microbiology & infectious
disease, and immunogenomics.

There are a number of emerging markets for sequencing-based tests, including molecular diagnostics, which

represent significant potential opportunities for our products. The development of these markets is subject to
variability driven by ongoing changes in the competitive landscape, evolving regulatory requirements,
government funding of research and development activities, and macroeconomic conditions. Introductions of
new technologies and products, while positive to the overall development of these markets, may result in greater
competition for the limited financial resources available. As we continue to expand into these emerging markets,
the development of our business will be impacted by the variability of the factors affecting the growth of these
markets.

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Marketing, Sales, Service and Support

We market our products through a direct sales force in North America and parts of Europe and through
distribution partners in Asia, certain other parts of Europe, the Middle East and Africa, and Latin America. Our
sales strategy involves the use of a combination of sales personnel and field application scientists. The role of our
sales personnel is to educate customers on the advantages of SMRT technology and the applications that our
technology makes possible. The role of our field application scientists is to provide on-site training and scientific
technical support to prospective and existing customers and to encourage customer utilization of our SMRT
sequencing technology. Our field application scientists are technical experts, often with advanced degrees, and
generally have extensive experience in academic research and core sequencing lab experience.

Service for our instruments is performed by field service engineers. These field service engineers are trained

by experienced personnel to test, trouble-shoot, and service instruments installed at customer sites.

In addition, we maintain an applications lab team in Menlo Park, California composed of scientific experts

who can transfer knowledge from the research and development team to the field application scientists. The
applications lab team also runs foundational scientific collaborations and proof of principle studies, which help
demonstrate the value of our product offering to prospective customers.

Our business is subject to seasonal trends. See “Risk Factors— Seasonality may cause fluctuations in our

revenue and results of operations” for additional information.

Customers

Our customers include research institutions, commercial laboratories, genome centers, clinical, government
and academic institutions, genomics service providers, pharmaceutical companies and agricultural companies. In
general, our customers will isolate, prepare and analyze genetic samples using PacBio sequencing systems in
their own research labs, or they will send their genetic samples to third party service providers who in turn will
sequence the samples with PacBio systems and provide the sequence data back to the customer for further
analysis. For example, customers in academic research institutions may have bacteria, animal, or human DNA
samples isolated from various sources while agricultural biology companies may have DNA samples isolated
from different strains of rice, corn or other crops. For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, one
customer, Gene Company Limited, our primary distributor for China and Hong Kong, accounted for
approximately 14%, 17% and 26% of our total revenue, respectively.

We believe that the majority of our current customers are early adopters of sequencing technology. By

focusing our efforts on high-value applications, and developing whole product solutions around these
applications, we seek to drive the adoption of our products across a broader customer base and into numerous
large-scale projects. In general, the broader adoption of new technologies by mainstream customers can take a
number of years.

We currently sell our products to a number of customers outside the United States, including customers in

other areas of North America, Europe, Middle East, Africa, Asia Pacific and South America. Revenue from
customers outside the United States totaled $43.1 million, or 55% of our total revenue during fiscal 2020,
compared to $48.1 million, or 53% of our total revenue during fiscal 2019 and $44.7 million, or 57% of our total
revenue during fiscal 2018.

Backlog

As of December 31, 2020, our instrument backlog was approximately $10.1 million, compared to
$6.6 million as of December 31, 2019. We define backlog as purchase orders or signed contracts from our
customers which we believe are firm and for which we have not yet recognized revenue. We expect to convert
this backlog to revenue during 2021; however, our ability to do so is subject to customers who may seek to
cancel or delay their orders even if we are prepared to fulfill them.

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Manufacturing

Our principal manufacturing activities are performed at our headquarters in Menlo Park, California. We

currently perform some of the manufacturing and all of the final integration of our instruments in-house, while
outsourcing most sub-assemblies to third-party manufacturers. With respect to the manufacture of SMRT Cells,
we subcontract wafer fabrication and processing to semiconductor processing facilities, but conduct critical
surface treatment processes internally. We also subcontract the packaging of SMRT Cells, and bring them back
in-house for final testing. In addition, we manufacture critical reagents in-house, including our phospholinked
nucleotides and our DNA polymerase.

We purchase both custom and off-the-shelf components from a large number of suppliers and subject them

to significant quality specifications. We periodically conduct quality audits of most critical suppliers and have
established a supplier certification program. Some of the components required in our products are currently either
sole sourced or single sourced. If the capabilities of our suppliers and component manufacturers are limited or
stopped, due to disasters, quality, regulatory, or other reasons, it could negatively impact our ability to
manufacture our products.

Research and Development

Our SMRT technology requires the blending of a number of unique disciplines, namely nanofabrication,

physics, photonics, optics, molecular biology, engineering, signal processing, high performance computing, and
bioinformatics. Our research and development team is a blend of these disciplines creating a single, cross-
functional /operating unit. We have also established productive working relationships with technology industry
leaders, as well as leading academic centers, to augment and complement our internal research and development
efforts. We plan to continue our investment in research and development to enhance the performance and expand
the application of our current products, and introduce additional products based on our SMRT technology. Our
goals include further improvements in sequencing read length and mappable data per SMRT Cell, chemistry and
software enhancements, and enhancements in sample preparation and bioinformatics tools that take advantage of
the capabilities of our products. In addition, our engineering teams will continue their focus on increasing
instrument component and system reliability, reducing costs, and implementing additional system flexibility and
versatility through the enhancement of existing products and development of new products.

Intellectual Property

Developing and maintaining a strong intellectual property position is an important element of our business.
We have sought, and will continue to seek, patent protection for our SMRT technology, for improvements to our
SMRT technology, as well as for any of our other technologies where we believe such protection will be
advantageous.

Our current patent portfolio, including patents exclusively licensed to us, is directed to various technologies,

including SMRT nucleic acid sequencing and other methods for analyzing biological samples, ZMW arrays,
surface treatments, phospholinked nucleotides and other reagents for use in nucleic acid sequencing, optical
components and systems, processes for identifying nucleotides within nucleic acid sequences and processes for
analysis and comparison of nucleic acid sequence data. Some of the patents and applications that we own, as well
as some of the patents and applications that we have licensed from other parties, are subject to U.S. government
march-in rights, whereby the U.S. government may disregard our exclusive patent rights on its own behalf or on
behalf of third parties by imposing licenses in certain circumstances, such as if we fail to achieve practical
application of the U.S. government funded technology, because action is necessary to alleviate health or safety
needs, to meet requirements of federal regulations, or to give preference to U.S. industry. In addition, U.S.
government funded inventions must be reported to the government and U.S. government funding must be
disclosed in any resulting patent applications.

As of December 31, 2020, we own or hold exclusive licenses to 332 issued U.S. patents, 64 pending U.S.
patent applications, 220 granted foreign patents and 63 pending foreign patent applications, including foreign

8

counterparts of U.S. patent and patent applications. The full term of the issued U.S. patents will expire between
2021 and 2038. We also have non-exclusive patent licenses with various third parties to supplement our own
large and robust patent portfolio.

Of our exclusively licensed patent applications, 6 issued U.S. patents are licensed to us by the Cornell

Research Foundation, which manages technology transfers on behalf of Cornell University.

Other Sequencing Solutions

There are a significant number of companies offering nucleic acid sequencing equipment or consumables.
These include, but are not limited to, Illumina, Inc. (“Illumina”), BGI Genomics, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.
(“Thermo”), Oxford Nanopore Technologies Ltd. (“ONT Ltd.”), Roche, and Qiagen N.V. (“Qiagen”). Many of
these companies currently have greater financial, technical, research and/or other resources than we do. They also
have larger and more established manufacturing capabilities and marketing, sales and support functions. We
expect the competition to intensify within the overall nucleic acid sequencing market as there are also several
companies developing new sequencing technologies, products and/or services. Increased competition may result
in pricing pressures, which could harm our sales, profitability or share of supply.

In order for us to maintain and increase our sales, we will need to demonstrate that our products deliver

superior performance and value as a result of our key differentiators, including single molecule, real-time
resolution, the combination of very high consensus accuracy and long read lengths with the ability to detect real-
time kinetic information, fast time to result and flexibility, as well as the breadth and depth of current and future
products and applications.

Government Regulation

Our products are not currently subject to U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance or approval

since they are not intended or labeled for use in the diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of any disease, and are
labeled and promoted as “For Research Use Only” (RUO) products. However, in the future, certain of our
products or related applications, such as those that may be developed for clinical uses, could be subject to FDA
regulation, or the FDA’s regulatory jurisdiction could be expanded to include our products.

As we expand product lines to potentially address clinical applications including the diagnosis of disease,

regulation by governmental authorities in the United States and other countries may become an increasingly
significant factor in development, testing, production, and marketing. In the future, products that we develop in
the molecular diagnostic markets, depending on their intended use, may be regulated as medical devices or in
vitro diagnostic products (IVDs) by the FDA and comparable agencies in other countries. Obtaining the requisite
regulatory approvals can be expensive and may involve considerable delay. Some countries have regulatory
review processes that are substantially longer than U.S. processes. Failure to obtain regulatory approval in a
timely manner and meet all of the local requirements including language and specific safety standards in any
foreign country in which we plan to market our products could prevent us from marketing products in such
countries or subject us to sanctions and fines. Changes to the current regulatory framework, including the
imposition of additional or new regulations, could arise at any time during the development or marketing of our
products.

If our products that are labeled as RUO are or could be used for the diagnosis of disease, the regulatory
requirements related to marketing, selling, and supporting such products could be uncertain. This is true even if
such use by our customers occurs without our consent. If the FDA or other regulatory authorities assert that any
of our RUO products are subject to regulatory clearance or approval, our business, financial condition, or results
of operations could be adversely affected.

Certain of our products are currently available through laboratories that are certified under the Clinical
Laboratory Improvements Amendments (CLIA) of 1988. These products are commonly called “laboratory

9

developed tests” (LDTs). For a number of years, the FDA has exercised its regulatory enforcement discretion not
to regulate LDTs as medical devices if created and used within a single laboratory. However, the FDA is
continually reexamining this regulatory approach and changes to the agency’s handling of LDTs could impact
our business in ways that we cannot predict at this time. We cannot predict the nature or extent of the FDA’s
final guidance or regulation of LDTs, in general, or with respect to our or our customers’ LDTs, in particular.

Certification of CLIA laboratories includes standards in the areas of personnel qualifications,

administration, and participation in proficiency testing, patient test management, and quality control procedures.
CLIA also mandates that, for high complexity labs such as ours, to operate as a lab, we must have an
accreditation by an organization recognized by CLIA such as the College of American Pathologists (CAP),
which we have obtained and must maintain. If we were to lose our CLIA certification or CAP accreditation, our
business, financial condition, or results of operations could be adversely affected. In addition, state laboratory
licensing and inspection requirements may also apply to our products, which, in some cases, are more stringent
than CLIA requirements.

We are committed to the protection of our employees and the environment. Our operations require the use

of hazardous materials that subject us to various federal, state, and local environmental and safety laws and
regulations. We believe that we are in material compliance with current applicable laws and regulations.
However, we could be held liable for damages and fines should contamination of the environment or individual
exposures to hazardous substances occur. In addition, we cannot predict how changes in these laws and
regulations, or the development of new laws and regulations, will affect our business operations or the cost of
compliance.

Additionally, we must comply with complex foreign and U.S. laws and regulations, such as the U.S. Foreign

Corrupt Practices Act, the U.K. Bribery Act, and other local laws prohibiting corrupt payments to governmental
officials, anti-competition regulations and sanctions imposed by the U.S. Office of Foreign Assets Control and
other similar laws and regulations. Violations of these laws and regulations could result in fines and penalties,
criminal sanctions, restrictions on our business conduct and on our ability to offer our products in one or more
countries, and could also materially affect our brand, our ability to attract and retain employees, our international
operations, our business and our operating results. Although we have implemented policies and procedures
designed to ensure compliance with these laws and regulations, there can be no assurance that our employees,
contractors, or agents will not violate our policies.

As we continue to expand our business into multiple international markets, our success will depend, in large

part, on our ability to anticipate and effectively manage these and other risks associated with our international
operations. Any of these risks could harm our international operations and negatively impact our sales, adversely
affecting our business, results of operations, financial condition and growth prospects.

Human Capital

As of December 31, 2020, we had 412 full-time employees. Of these employees, 158 were in research and

development, 94 were in operations and service, 101 were in marketing, sales and customer support, and 59 were
in general and administration. With the exception of our field-based sales, marketing and service teams, the
majority of our employees are based out of our headquarters in Menlo Park, California. None of our employees
are represented by labor unions or are covered by a collective bargaining agreement with respect to their
employment. We have not experienced any work stoppages, and we consider our relationship with our employees
to be good.

Talent Acquisition and Retention

We recognize that our employees largely contribute to our success. To this end, we support business growth

by seeking to attract and retain best-in-class talent. Our talent acquisition team uses internal and external

10

resources to recruit highly skilled candidates globally. In 2020, we have been successful in hiring key positions
throughout the organization that will help advance the company’s growth. This includes an appointment of a new
Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Operating Officer, and Chief Commercial Officer. We
continue to attract and retain superior talent as measured by our minimal turnover rate and high employee service
tenure.

Total Rewards

Our total rewards philosophy has been to create investment in our workforce by offering competitive

compensation and benefits package. We provide employees with compensation packages that include base salary,
annual incentive bonuses, and long-term equity awards. We also offer comprehensive employee benefits, which
vary by country and region, such as life, disability, and health insurance, health savings and flexible spending
accounts, paid time off, paid parental leave, Employee Stock Purchase Program, and a 401(k) plan. It is our
expressed intent to be an employer of choice in our industry by providing market-competitive compensation and
benefits package.

Health, Safety, and Wellness

The health, safety, and wellness of our employees is a priority in which we have always invested and will
continue to do so. We provide our employees and their families with access to a variety of innovative, flexible,
and convenient health and wellness programs. Program benefits are intended to provide protection and security,
so employees can have peace of mind concerning events that may require time away from work or that may
impact their financial well-being. These programs are highlighted regularly in our monthly human resources
newsletters.

These investments and the prioritization of employee health, safety, and wellness took on particular
significance in 2020 in light of COVID-19. To protect and support our essential team members, we have
implemented health and safety measures that included maximizing personal workspaces, changing shift
schedules, providing personal protective equipment (PPE), instituting mandatory screening before accessing
buildings and performing asymptomatic COVID-19 testing regularly for employees who work on site. We have
also supported access to testing by holding on-site testing clinics available to employees and their family
members. In response to local stay-at-home orders and in alignment with CDC recommendations, we have
limited our manufacturing and commercial operations based in Menlo Park, California. To aid in containing the
spread of COVID-19, we have implemented remote-work options and are limiting employee travel. We are
monitoring this rapidly evolving situation and will continue to seek programs to educate and assist employees
whenever possible.

Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion

We believe a diverse workforce is critical to our success. Our mission is to value differences in races,

ethnicities, religions, nationalities, genders, ages, sexual orientations, as well as education, skill sets and
experience. In 2020, we implemented a global training program on diversity awareness to help employees
understand, recognize, respond, and prevent bias at all levels of our organization. This is the first of our multi-
pronged approach in building an inclusive culture. We are focused on inclusive hiring practices, fair and
equitable treatment, organizational flexibility, and training and resources.

Training and Development

We believe in encouraging employees in becoming lifelong learners by providing ongoing learning and
leadership training opportunities. We provide a scaled learning platform of on-demand and virtual classroom
learning focused on personal and professional development. While we strive to provide real-time recognition of
employee performance, we have a formal annual review process not only to determine pay and equity
adjustments tied to individual contributions, but to identify areas where training and development may be
needed.

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Available Information

Our website is located at www.pacb.com. The information posted on or that can be accessed through our
website is not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and the inclusion of our website
address is an inactive textual reference only. Our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form
10-Q, Current Reports on Form 10-K and amendments to reports filed or furnished pursuant to Sections 13(a)
and 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, are available free of charge through the
“Investors” section of our website as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material
with, or furnish it to, the SEC. The SEC also maintains a website that contains our SEC filings. The address of
the site is www.sec.gov.

Additionally, we use our website as a channel of distribution for important company information. Important

information, including press releases, analyst presentations and financial information regarding us, as well as
corporate governance information, is routinely posted and accessible on the “Investor Relations” section of the
website, which is accessible by clicking on the tab labeled “About Us—Investors” on our website home page. In
addition, important information is routinely posted and accessible on the blog section of our website, which is
accessible through our website at www.pacb.com/blog, as well as our Twitter account (@pacbio). Information on
or that can be accessed through our website or our Twitter account is not incorporated by reference into this
Annual Report on Form 10-K, and the inclusion of our website address is an inactive textual reference only.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

You should consider carefully the risks and uncertainties described below, together with all of the other
information in our public filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, which could materially affect our
business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. The risks described below are not the only
risks facing us. Risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also
may materially affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. In addition, the
impact of COVID-19 and any worsening of the economic environment may exacerbate the risks described below,
any of which could have a material impact on us. This situation is changing rapidly and additional impacts may
arise that we are not aware of currently.

Summary Risk Factors

The following is a summary of the principal risks that could adversely affect our business, operations and
financial results. Such risks are discussed more fully below and include, but are not limited to, risks related to:

• The potential adverse impact of health epidemics, including the recent coronavirus outbreak;

• Our ability to successfully market, commercialize, and sell current and future products and related

maintenance services;

• Our ability to achieve profitability for our business;

• Our ability to successfully research, develop and timely manufacture our current and future products;

• Management of new product introductions and transitions, resultant costs, and ability of new products

to generate promised performance;

• Recent significant changes to our leadership team and resultant disruptions to our business;

• Retention, recruitment, and training of senior management, key personnel, scientists and engineers;

• Our ability to further penetrate nucleic acid sequencing applications, as well as grow product demand;

• Our reliance on outsourcing to other companies for manufacturing certain components and

sub-assemblies, some of which are sole sourced;

• Our ability to consistently manufacture our instruments and consumable kits to meet customers’

specifications, quantity, cost, or performance requirements;

• The high amount of competition we face in our industry;

• Our ability to attract customers and increase sales of current and future products;

• Reliance on a limited number of customers for a significant portion of our revenues, including

academic, research and government institutions;

• The complexity of our products giving rise to defects or errors;

• Our unpredictable and lengthy sales cycle;

•

Securing and maintaining patent or other intellectual property protection for our products and related
improvements;

• Current and future legal proceedings filed against us claiming intellectual property infringement;

• Governmental regulations that burden operations or narrow the market for our products;

• Evolving ethical, legal, privacy, social, and regulatory concerns regarding genetic testing;

• Volatility of the price of our common stock; and

• Our stock price falling as a result of future offerings or sales.

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Risks Related to Our Business

Our business may be adversely affected by health epidemics, including the recent coronavirus outbreak.

Our business could be adversely impacted by the effects of COVID-19 or other epidemics or pandemics. As
a result of COVID-19, our 2020 financial results were impacted negatively as our customers in multiple regions
around the world suspended their normal operations in efforts to curb the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic.
However, a significant number of our customer sites that had shut down due to COVID-19 have re-opened. In
addition, a significant number of customers have delayed purchases of capital due to the negative impact of the
pandemic on their businesses. This dynamic continues to negatively impact the recognition of revenue related to
the sale of our Sequel and Sequel II/IIe instruments and the associated consumables and software. The negative
impacts of COVID-19 on our customers will likely continue to adversely impact our revenues during the first
half of 2021. The inability to receive or accept shipment of orders for our products on a timely basis, or at all, the
delay or possible cancellation of orders for our products or related maintenance and support services, and the
reduced utilization of our products has negatively affected and may negatively affect in the future our operations
and revenues. In response to local stay-at-home orders and in alignment with CDC recommendations, we have
limited our manufacturing and commercial operations based in Menlo Park, California. We will, however,
continue to provide consumables and support to scientists at government, academic, and commercial labs that
remain open. To aid in containing the spread of COVID-19, we have implemented remote-work options and are
limiting employee travel. We are monitoring this rapidly evolving situation.

Our manufacturing partners and suppliers could also be disrupted by conditions related to COVID-19 or

other epidemics or pandemics, possibly resulting in disruption to the production of our products. If our
manufacturing partners or suppliers are unable or fail to fulfill their obligations to us for any reason, we may not
be able to manufacture our products and satisfy customer demand or our obligations under sales agreements in a
timely manner, and our business could be harmed as a result. At this point in time, there is significant uncertainty
relating to the potential effect of COVID-19 on our business. Infections may resurge or become more widespread
and the limitation on our ability to travel and timely sell and distribute our products, as well as any closures or
supply disruptions, may be extended for longer periods of time, which could have a negative impact on our
business, financial condition and operating results.

Even after the COVID-19 pandemic has subsided, we may continue to experience an adverse impact to our
business as a result of its global economic impact, including any recession that has occurred or may occur in the
future. Specifically, difficult macroeconomic conditions, such as decreases in discretionary capital expenditure
spending, increased and prolonged unemployment or a decline in consumer confidence as a result of the
COVID-19 pandemic, as well as limited or significantly reduced points of access of our products, could have a
continuing adverse effect on the demand for some of our products and, consequently, related maintenance and
support services. The degree of impact of COVID-19 on our business will depend on several factors, such as the
duration and the extent of the pandemic, as well as actions taken by governments, businesses and consumers in
response to the pandemic, all of which continue to evolve and remain uncertain at this time.

We have limited commercial sales to date and the commercialization and sales of our current or future
products may be unsuccessful or less successful than anticipated.

Our first commercial product launched in 2011 and we have had limited sales to date. As such, we have
limited historical financial data upon which to base our projected revenue and planned operating expenses or
upon which to evaluate our company and our commercial prospects. Furthermore, in September 2015, we
launched the PacBio Sequel® System, and concurrently began phasing out production of PacBio RS II
instruments, and, in April 2019 we announced the commercial launch of the Sequel II System. In October 2020,
we launched the Sequel IIe System, which has increased computational capacity, and is designed to enable
customers to generate PacBio HiFi reads more efficiently. Based on our limited experience in developing and
marketing our existing products and launching new products, we may not be able to effectively:

• manage the timeliness of our new product introductions and the rate at which sales of our new products

may cannibalize sales of our older products;

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•

•

drive adoption of our current and future products, including the Sequel II/IIe Systems;

attract and retain customers for our products;

provide appropriate levels of customer training and support for our products;

implement an effective marketing strategy to promote awareness of our products;

develop and implement an effective sales and distribution strategy for our current and future products;

develop, manufacture and commercialize new products or achieve an acceptable return on our
manufacturing or research and development efforts and expenses;

comply with regulatory requirements applicable to our products;

anticipate and adapt to changes in our market;

accommodate customer expectations and demands with respect to our products, increase product
adoption by our existing customers or develop new customer relationships;

grow our share by marketing and selling our products for new and additional applications;

• maintain and develop strategic relationships with vendors, manufacturers and other industry partners to
acquire necessary materials for the production of, and to develop, manufacture and commercialize, our
existing or future products;

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•

adapt or scale our manufacturing activities to meet performance specifications and potential demand at
a reasonable cost;

avoid infringement and misappropriation of third-party intellectual property;

obtain and maintain any necessary licenses to third-party intellectual property on commercially
reasonable terms;

obtain valid and enforceable patents that give us a competitive advantage or enforce existing patents;

protect our proprietary technology; and

attract, retain and motivate qualified personnel.

The risks noted above, especially with respect to the marketing, sales, and commercialization of our
products, may be heightened by the impact of the COVID-19. In addition, a high percentage of our expenses is
and will continue to be fixed. Accordingly, if we do not generate revenue as and when anticipated, we could
suffer a material adverse effect on our business, financial conditions, results of operations and prospects.

We have incurred losses to date, and we expect to continue to incur significant losses as we develop our
business and may never achieve profitability.

Except for the quarters ended September 30, 2015 (as a result of a one-time gain on lease amendments),

March 31, 2020 (as a result of the recognition of a gain relating to the Continuation Advances), and
December 31, 2020 (as a result of recognition of gain relating to the Reverse Termination Fee), and the year
ended December 31, 2020 (as a result of recognition of gain relating to the Reverse Termination Fee and gain
relating to the Continuation Advances), we have incurred net losses since inception and we cannot be certain if or
when we will produce sufficient revenue from our operations to support our costs. While we achieved
profitability for the quarter ended March 31, 2020, this result was largely due to income recognition of the
Continuation Advances. Even if profitability is achieved in the future, we may not be able to sustain profitability
on a consistent basis. Excluding the recognition in October 2020 of gain relating to the Reverse Termination Fee
and the recognition in the first quarter of 2020 of gain relating to the Continuation Advances, we expect to
continue to incur substantial losses and negative cash flow from operations for the foreseeable future.

15

Our net losses since inception and our expectation of incurring substantial losses and negative cash flow for

the foreseeable future could:

• make it more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations;

•

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•

increase our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions;

limit our ability to fund future working capital, capital expenditures, research and development and
other business opportunities;

increase the volatility of the price of our common stock;

limit our flexibility to react to changes in our business and the industry in which we operate;

place us at a disadvantage to other companies that offer nucleic acid sequencing equipment or
consumables; and

limit our ability to borrow additional funds.

Any or all of the foregoing may have a material adverse effect on our business, operations, financial condition,
and prospects.

We are not cash flow positive and may not have sufficient cash to fund our long term planned operations.

Our operations have consumed substantial amounts of cash since inception, and we expect to continue to
incur substantial losses and negative cash flow from operations for the foreseeable future. We believe that our
growth will depend, in part, on our ability to fund our commercialization efforts and our efforts to develop new
products, including any improvements to the SMRT Cell 8M and Sequel II/IIe Systems. Our existing resources
may require us to delay, or even not allow us to conduct any or all of these activities that we believe would be
beneficial for our future growth. We may need to raise additional funds through public or private debt or equity
financing or alternative financing arrangements, which may include collaborations or licensing arrangements. If
we are unable to raise funds on favorable terms, or at all, we may have to reduce our cash burn rate and may not
be able to support our commercialization efforts and launching of new products, operations or to increase or
maintain the level of our research and development activities.

Additional funds may not be available on terms acceptable to us or at all. We have incurred and may further

incur additional debt, including the debt recently incurred through issuance of $900.0 million in aggregate
principal amount of 1.50% Convertible Senior Notes due 2028. We may not have sufficient cash to make
required payments under the terms of this debt, and, should this occur, debt holders have rights senior to common
stockholders to make claims on our assets. We may not be able to issue equity securities due to unacceptable
terms and conditions to us in the capital markets. To the extent that we intend to raise additional funds through
the sale of our common stock, downward fluctuations in our stock price could adversely affect such fundraising
efforts. Furthermore, equity financings normally involve shares sold at a discount to the current market price, and
fundraising through sales of additional shares of common stock or other equity securities will have a dilutive
effect on our existing investors. The shares may also be sold at a time when the market price for our common
stock is low because we are in need of the funds, which will further dilute existing holders more than if the
market price for our common stock was higher.

If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flows or to raise adequate funds to finance our forecasted
expenditures, we may have to make significant changes to our operations, including delaying or reducing the
scope of, or eliminating some or all of, our development programs. We also may have to reduce sales, marketing,
engineering, customer support or other resources devoted to our existing or new products, or we may need to
cease operations. Any of these actions could materially impede our ability to achieve our business objectives and
could materially harm our operating results. If our cash, cash equivalents and investments are insufficient to fund
our projected operating requirements and we are unable to raise capital, it could have a material adverse effect on
our business, financial condition and results of operations and prospects.

16

If we are unable to successfully develop and timely manufacture our current and future products, including
with respect to the Sequel System, the SMRT Cell 8M and Sequel II/IIe Systems and related products, our
business may be adversely affected.

In light of the highly complex technologies involved in our products, there can be no assurance that we will

be able to manufacture and commercialize our current and future products on a timely basis or continue
providing adequate support for our existing products. The commercial success of our products, including the
Sequel and Sequel II/IIe Systems, depends on a number of factors, including performance and reliability of the
system, our anticipating and effectively addressing customer preferences and demands, the success of our sales
and marketing efforts, effective forecasting and management of product demand, purchase commitments and
inventory levels, effective management of manufacturing and supply costs, and the quality of our products,
including consumables such as SMRT Cells and reagents. Should we face delays in or discover unexpected
defects during the further development or manufacturing process of instruments or consumables related to our
products, including with respect to the SMRT Cell 8M, reagents and Sequel II/IIe Systems, and including any
delays or defects in software development or product functionality, the timing and success of
the continued rollout and scaling of our products may be significantly impacted, which may materially and
negatively impact our revenue and gross margin. The ability of our customers to successfully utilize our products
will also depend on our ability to deliver high quality SMRT Cells and reagents, including with respect to the
SMRT Cell 8M. We have designed SMRT Cells and other consumables specifically for the Sequel System, and
may need to develop in the future, other customized SMRT Cells and consumables for our future products,
including the SMRT Cell 8M for the Sequel II/IIe Systems. Our production of the SMRT Cells for the Sequel
System has been and may in the future be below desired levels, and we have experienced and may experience in
the future manufacturing delays, product or quality defects, SMRT Cell variability, and other issues. For
example, the recent COVID–19 outbreak has impacted and could result in more pronounced impacts to our
manufacturing and our ability to supply products. The performance of our consumables is critical to our
customers’ successful utilization of our products, and any defects or performance issues with our consumables
would adversely affect our business. All of the foregoing could materially negatively impact our ability to sell
our products or result in other material adverse effects on our business, operations, financial condition, operations
and prospects.

The development of our products is complex and costly. Problems in the design or quality of our products

may have a material and adverse effect on our brand, business, financial condition, and operating results, and
could result in us losing our certifications from the International Organization for Standardization (“ISO”). If we
were to lose ISO certification, then our customers might choose not to purchase products from us and this could
adversely impact our ability to develop products approved for clinical uses. Unanticipated problems with our
products could divert substantial resources, which may impair our ability to support our new and existing
products, and could substantially increase our costs. If we encounter development challenges or discover errors
in our products late in our development cycle, we may be forced to delay product shipments or the scaling of
manufacturing or supply. In particular, if the continued rollout of our current and future products, including with
respect to the SMRT Cell 8M and Sequel II/IIe Systems, is delayed or is not successful or less successful than
anticipated, then we may not be able to achieve an acceptable return, if any, on our substantial research and
development efforts, and our business may be materially and adversely affected. The expenses or losses
associated with delayed or unsuccessful product development or lack of market acceptance of our existing and
new products, including the SMRT Cell 8M and Sequel II/IIe Systems, could materially and adversely affect our
business, operations, financial condition, and prospects.

Our research and development efforts may not result in the benefits that we anticipate, and our failure to
successfully market, sell, and commercialize our current and future products could have a material adverse
effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We have dedicated significant resources to developing our current products, including sequencing systems

and consumables based on our proprietary SMRT sequencing technology and our Sequel and Sequel II/IIe

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Systems. We are also engaged in substantial and complex research and development efforts, which, if successful,
may result in the introduction of new products in the future, including with respect to the SMRT Cell 8M and the
Sequel II/IIe Systems. Our research and development efforts are complex and require us to incur substantial
expenses. We may not be able to develop, manufacture and commercialize new products, obtain regulatory
approval if necessary, or achieve an acceptable return, if any, on our research and development efforts and
expenses or joint research and development efforts with partners. Our joint research and development efforts
with partners require significant management attention and operational resources. If we are unable to
successfully manage such joint research and development efforts, our future results may be adversely impacted.
In January 2021, we entered into a multi-year collaboration with Invitae Corporation to begin development of a
production-scale high-throughput sequencing platform; in certain termination circumstances of this collaboration,
we may be obligated to refund all or a portion of the development funds advanced by Invitae and/or we may owe
Invitae a share of the revenue generated from the sale of the program products. Furthermore, we need to continue
to expand our internal capabilities or seek new partnerships or collaborations, or both, in order to successfully
develop, market, sell and commercialize our products for and in the markets we seek to reach. If we are unable to
do so or are delayed, then this could materially and adversely affect our business, operations, financial condition
and prospects.

We must successfully manage new product introductions and transitions, including with respect to the SMRT
Cell 8M and Sequel II/IIe Systems, we may incur significant costs during these transitions, and they may not
result in the benefits we anticipate.

If our products and services fail to deliver the performance, scalability or results expected by our current and
future customers, or are not delivered on a timely basis, our reputation and credibility may suffer, our current and
future sales and revenue may be materially harmed and our business may not succeed. For instance, if we are not
able to realize the benefits we anticipate from the development and commercialization of the SMRT Cell 8M and
Sequel II/IIe Systems and also any future products that may be developed for medical and clinical uses, it could
have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, the
introduction of future products, including with respect to the SMRT Cell 8M and Sequel II/IIe Systems, has and
may in the future lead to our limiting or ceasing development of further enhancements to our existing products as
we focus our resources on new products, and has resulted and could in the future result in reduced marketplace
acceptance and loss of sales of our existing products, materially adversely affecting our revenue and operating
results. The introduction of new products has had and may in the future also have a negative impact on our
revenue in the near-term as our current and future customers have delayed or cancelled and may in the future
delay or cancel orders of existing products in anticipation of new products and we may also be pressured to
decrease prices for our existing products. Further, we have experienced, and may in the future experience,
difficulty in managing or forecasting customer reactions, purchasing decisions or transition requirements with
respect to newly launched products. We have incurred and may continue to incur significant costs in completing
these transitions, including costs of write-downs of our products, as current or future customers’ transition to new
products. If we do not successfully manage these product transitions, including with respect to the SMRT Cell
8M and Sequel II/IIe System, our business, operations, financial condition, and prospects may be materially and
adversely affected.

Recent significant changes to our leadership team and the resulting management transitions might harm our
future operating results.

We have recently experienced significant changes to our leadership team. Our President and Chief
Executive Officer Christian O. Henry was appointed effective September 14, 2020, succeeding Dr. Michael
Hunkapiller who retired on December 31, 2020. Our Chief Financial Officer Susan G. Kim was appointed
effective September 28, 2020, succeeding Susan K. Barnes who retired on August 7, 2020. Our Chief Operating
Officer, Mark Van Oene, and our Chief Commercial Officer, Peter Fromen, were each appointed effective
January 8, 2021. Also, our Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer Eric E. Schaefer was appointed effective
May 26, 2020, and our Chairman of the Board Dr. John F. Milligan was appointed effective September 14, 2020.

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Although we believe these leadership transitions are in the best interest of our stakeholders, these transitions

may result in the loss of personnel with deep institutional or technical knowledge. Further, the transition could
potentially disrupt our operations and relationships with employees, suppliers, partners and customers due to
added costs, operational inefficiencies, decreased employee morale and productivity and increased turnover. We
must successfully recruit and integrate our new leadership team members within our organization to achieve our
operating objectives; as such, the leadership transition may temporarily affect our business performance and
results of operations while the new members of our leadership team become familiar with our business. In
addition, our competitors may seek to use this transition and the related potential disruptions to gain a
competitive advantage over us. Furthermore, these changes increase our dependency on the other members of our
leadership team that remain with us, who are not contractually obligated to remain employed with us and may
leave at any time. Any such departure could be particularly disruptive given that we are already experiencing
leadership transitions and, to the extent we experience additional management turnover, competition for top
management is high such that it may take some time to find a candidate that meets our requirements. Our future
operating results depend substantially upon the continued service of our key personnel and in significant part
upon our ability to attract and retain qualified management personnel. If we are unable to mitigate these or other
similar risks, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.

We depend on the continuing efforts of our senior management team and other key personnel. If we lose
members of our senior management team or other key personnel or are unable to successfully retain, recruit
and train qualified scientists, engineers, sales personnel and other employees, our ability to maintain, develop
and commercialize our products could be harmed and we may be unable to achieve our goals.

Our success depends upon the continuing services of members of our senior management team and
scientific and engineering personnel. In particular, our scientists and engineers are critical to our technological
and product innovations and we will need to hire additional qualified personnel. Our industry, particularly in the
San Francisco Bay Area, is characterized by high demand and intense competition for talent, and the turnover
rate can be high. We compete for qualified management and scientific personnel with other life science
companies, academic institutions and research institutions, particularly those focusing on genomics. In addition,
we will need to continue to recruit, hire and retain sales personnel to support the commercialization of our
products. Our employees could leave our company with little or no prior notice and would be free to work for a
competitor. In addition, changes to U.S. immigration policies, particularly to H-1B and other visa programs,
could restrain the flow of technical and professional talent into the U.S. and may inhibit our ability to hire
qualified personnel. If one or more of our senior executives or other key personnel were unable or unwilling to
continue in their present positions, we may not be able to replace them easily or at all, and other senior
management may be required to divert attention from other aspects of the business. In addition, we do not have
“key person” life insurance policies covering any member of our management team or other key personnel. The
loss of any of these individuals or any inability to attract or retain qualified personnel, including scientists,
engineers, sales personnel and others, could prevent us from pursuing collaborations and materially and
adversely affect our support of existing products, product development and introductions, business growth
prospects, results of operations and financial condition.

Our success is highly dependent on our ability to further penetrate nucleic acid sequencing applications as
well as on the growth and expansion of the demand for our products. If our products fail to achieve and
sustain sufficient market acceptance, we will not generate expected revenue and our business may not
succeed.

Although nucleic acid sequencing technology is well-established, our SMRT Sequencing technology is

relatively new and evolving. We cannot be sure that our current or future products will gain acceptance in the
marketplace at levels sufficient to support our costs. Our success depends, in part, on our ability to expand
overall demand for nucleic acid sequencing to include new applications that are not practicable with other current
technologies and to introduce new products that capture a larger share of growing overall demand for sequencing.
To accomplish this, we must successfully commercialize, and continue development of, our proprietary SMRT

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Sequencing technology for use in a variety of life science and other applications, including uses by academic,
government and clinical laboratories, as well as pharmaceutical, diagnostic, biotechnology and agriculture
companies, among others. However, we may be unsuccessful in these efforts and the sale and commercialization
of the SMRT Cell 8M and Sequel II/IIe Systems, and related products may not grow sufficiently to cover our
costs.

There can be no assurance that we will be successful in adding new products or securing additional
customers for our current and future products, including with respect to the SMRT Cell 8M and Sequel II/IIe
Systems. Our ability to further penetrate existing applications and any new applications depends on a number of
factors, including the cost, performance and perceived value associated with our products, as well as customers’
willingness to adopt a different approach to nucleic acid sequencing. Potential customers may have already made
significant investments in other sequencing technologies and may be unwilling to invest in new technologies. We
are experiencing pricing pressures caused by industry competition and increased demand for lower-priced
instruments and lower operational costs. We have limited experience commercializing and selling products
outside of the academic and research settings, and we cannot assure that we can successfully acquire additional
customers. Furthermore, we cannot guarantee that our products will be satisfactory to potential customers we
seek to reach or that our products will perform in accordance with customer expectations.

These applications are new and dynamic, and there can be no assurance that they will develop as quickly as

we anticipate, that they will reach their full potential or that they will be receptive to any of our products. As a
result, we may be required to refocus our marketing efforts, and we may have to make changes to the
specifications of our products to enhance our ability to enter particular applications more quickly. We may also
need to delay full-scale commercial deployment of new products as we develop them in order to perform quality
control and early access user testing, including with respect to the SMRT Cell 8M and Sequel II/IIe Systems.
Even if we are able to implement our technology successfully, we and/or our sales and distribution partners may
fail to achieve or sustain market acceptance of our current or future products across the full range of our intended
life science and other applications. We need to continue to expand and update our internal capabilities or to
collaborate with other partners, or both, in order to successfully expand sales of our products in the applications
that we seek to reach, which we may be unable to do at the scale required to support our business.

If the demand for our products grows more slowly than anticipated, if we are unable to successfully scale or

otherwise ensure sufficient manufacturing capacity for new products to meet demand, if we are not able to
successfully market and sell our products, if competitors develop better or more cost-effective products, if our
product launches and commercialization are not successful, or if we are unable to further grow our customer base
or do not realize the growth with existing customers that we are expecting, our current and future sales and
revenue may be materially and adversely harmed and our business may not succeed.

We rely on other companies for the manufacture of certain components and sub-assemblies and intend to
outsource additional sub-assemblies in the future, some of which are sole sources. We may not be able to
successfully scale the manufacturing process necessary to build and test multiple products on a full
commercial basis, which could materially harm our business.

Our products are complex and involve a large number of unique components, many of which require
precision in manufacturing. The nature of our products requires customized components that are currently
available only from a limited number of sources, and in some cases, single sources. We have chosen to source
certain critical components from a single source, including suppliers for our SMRT Cells, reagents and
instruments. We cannot assure you that product supplies will not be limited or interrupted, especially with respect
to our sole source third-party manufacturing and supply collaborators, or will be of satisfactory quality or
continue to be available at acceptable prices. In particular, any replacement of our manufacturers could require
significant effort and expertise because there may be a limited number of qualified replacements. For our current
and future sole source third-party manufacturing and supply collaborators, we may be unable to negotiate binding
agreements with them or find replacement manufacturers to support our development and commercial activities

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at commercially reasonable terms in the event that their services to us becomes interrupted for any reason. We do
not always have arrangements in place for a redundant or second-source supply for our sole source vendors in the
event they cease to provide their products or services to us or do not timely provide sufficient quantities to us. If
we are required to purchase these components from alternative sources, it could take several months or longer to
qualify the alternative sources. If we are unable to secure a sufficient supply of these product components on a
timely basis, or if these components do not meet our expectations or specifications for quality and functionality,
our operations and manufacturing will be materially and adversely affected, we could be unable to meet customer
demand and our business and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

The operations of our third-party manufacturing partners and suppliers could be disrupted by conditions

unrelated to our business or operations or that are beyond our control, including but not limited to international
trade restrictions and conditions related to COVID-19 or other epidemics. If our manufacturing partners or
suppliers are unable or fail to fulfill their obligations to us for any reason, we may not be able to manufacture our
products and satisfy customer demand or our obligations under sales agreements in a timely manner, and our
business could be harmed as a result. Our current manufacturing process is characterized by long lead times
between the placement of orders for and delivery of our products. If we have received insufficient components to
manufacture our products on a timely basis to meet customer demand, our sales and our gross margin may be
adversely affected and our business could be materially harmed. If we are unable to reduce our manufacturing
costs and establish and maintain reliable, high-volume manufacturing suppliers as we scale our operations, our
business, operations, financial condition, and prospects could be materially and adversely harmed.

We may be unable to consistently manufacture our instruments and consumable kits, including SMRT Cells,
to the necessary specifications or in quantities necessary to meet demand at an acceptable cost or at an
acceptable performance level.

In order to successfully generate revenue from our products, we need to supply our customers with products

that meet their expectations for quality and functionality in accordance with established specifications. Our
customers have experienced variability in the performance of our products. We have experienced and may
continue to experience delays, quality issues or other difficulties leading to customer dissatisfaction with our
products. Our production of SMRT Cells and reagents involves a long and complex manufacturing process, has
been and may in the future be below desired levels, and we have experienced and may experience in the future
manufacturing delays, product defects, variability in the performance of SMRT Cells and other products,
inadequate reserves for inventory, or other issues.

There is no assurance that we will be able to manufacture our products so that they consistently achieve the
product specifications and quality that our customers expect, including any products developed for clinical uses.
Problems in the design or quality of our products, including low manufacturing yields of SMRT Cells, or
sub-performing reagent lots may have a material adverse effect on our brand, business, financial condition, and
operating results, and could result in us losing our ISO certifications. If we were to lose our ISO certifications,
then our customers might choose not to purchase products from us. There is also no assurance that we will be
able to increase manufacturing yields and decrease costs, or that we will be successful in forecasting customer
demand or manufacturing and supply costs, or that product supplies, including reagents or integrated chips, will
not be limited or interrupted, or will be of satisfactory quality or continue to be available at acceptable prices.
Furthermore, we may not be able to increase manufacturing to meet anticipated demand or may experience
downtime in our manufacturing facilities. An inability to manufacture products and components that consistently
meet specifications, in necessary quantities and at commercially acceptable costs, will have a negative impact,
and may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

21

Rapidly changing technology in life sciences and diagnostics could make our products obsolete unless we
continue to develop, manufacture and commercialize new and improved products and pursue new
opportunities.

Our industry is characterized by rapid and significant technological changes, frequent new product
introductions and enhancements and evolving industry standards. Our future success depends on our ability to
continually improve our products, to develop and introduce new products that address the evolving needs of our
customers on a timely and cost-effective basis and to pursue new opportunities. These new opportunities may be
outside the scope of our proven expertise or in areas where demand is unproven, and new products and services
developed by us may not gain market acceptance or may not adequately perform in order to capture market share.
Our inability to develop and introduce new products and to gain market acceptance of our existing and new
products could harm our future operating results. Unanticipated difficulties or delays in replacing existing
products with new products or in commercializing our existing or new products in sufficient quantities and of
acceptable quality to meet customer demand, including with respect to the SMRT Cell 8M and Sequel II/IIe
Systems, could diminish future demand for our products and may materially and adversely harm our future
operating results.

Increased market adoption of our products by customers may depend on the availability of sample preparation
and informatics tools, some of which may be developed by third parties.

Our commercial success may depend in part upon the development of sample preparation and software and
informatics tools by third parties for use with our products. We cannot guarantee that product supplies, including
reagents, will not be limited or interrupted, or will be of satisfactory quality or continue to be available at
acceptable prices, or that third parties will develop tools that our current and future customers will find useful
with our products, or that customers will adopt such third-party tools on a timely basis or at all. A lack of
complementary sample preparation and informatics tools, or delayed updates of such tools, may impede the
adoption of our products and may materially and adversely impact our business.

We operate in a highly competitive industry and if we are not able to compete effectively, our business and
operating results will likely be harmed.

There are a significant number of companies offering nucleic acid sequencing products and/or services,
including Illumina, BGI Genomics, Thermo, ONT Ltd., Roche, and Qiagen. Many of these companies currently
have greater name recognition, more substantial intellectual property portfolios, longer operating histories,
significantly greater financial, technical, research and/or other resources, more experience in new product
development, larger and more established manufacturing capabilities and marketing, sales and support functions,
and/or more established distribution channels to deliver products to customers than we do. These companies may
be able to respond more quickly and effectively than we can to new or changing opportunities, technologies,
standards or customer requirements.

There are also several companies that are in the process of developing or have already developed and
commercialized new, competing or potentially competing technologies, products and/or services, including ONT
Ltd. and its subsidiaries, against whom we have filed complaints for patent infringement in the U.S. District
Court for the District of Delaware and, previously, with the U.S. International Trade Commission, in the High
Court of England and Wales and in the District Court of Mannheim, Germany. ONT Ltd. previously filed claims
against us in the High Court of England and Wales and the District Court of Mannheim, Germany, also for patent
infringement, and its subsidiary, Oxford Nanopore Technologies, Inc. (“ONT Inc.”), filed counterclaims against
us in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware seeking declaratory judgements of non-infringement,
invalidity and unenforceability of the asserted patents, as well as antitrust, false advertising and unfair
competition counterclaims that were subsequently dismissed by that court. Roche is developing potentially
competing sequencing products. Increased competition may result in pricing pressures, which could harm our
sales, profitability or market share. Our failure to further enhance our existing products and to introduce new
products to compete effectively could materially and adversely affect our business, operations, financial
condition and prospects.

22

We may be unable to successfully increase sales of our current products or market and sell our future
products.

Our ability to achieve profitability depends on our ability to attract customers for our current and future
products, and we may be unable to effectively market or sell our products, or find appropriate partners to do so.
To perform sales, marketing, distribution and customer support functions successfully, we face a number of risks,
including:

•

•

•

•

•

our ability to attract, retain and manage qualified sales, marketing and service personnel necessary to
expand market acceptance for our technologies;

the performance and commercial availability expectations of our existing and potential customers with
respect to new and existing products;

availability of potential sales and distribution partners to sell our technologies, and our ability to attract
and retain such sales and distribution partners;

the time and cost of maintaining and growing a specialized sales, marketing and service force for a
particular application, which may be difficult to justify in light of the revenue generated; and

our sales, marketing and service force may be unable to execute successful commercial activities.

We have enlisted and may continue to enlist third parties to assist with sales, distribution and customer

support. There is no guarantee that we will be successful in attracting desirable sales and distribution partners,
that we will be able to enter into arrangements with such partners on terms favorable to us or that we will be able
to retain such partners on a going-forward basis. If our sales and marketing efforts, or those of any of our third-
party sales and distribution partners, are not successful, or our products do not perform in accordance with
customer expectations, our technologies and products may not gain market acceptance, which could materially
and adversely impact our business, operations, financial condition and prospects.

Large purchases by a limited number of customers represent a significant portion of our revenue, and any loss
or delay of expected purchases has resulted, and in the future could result, in material quarter-to-quarter
fluctuations of our revenue or otherwise adversely affect our results of operations.

We receive a significant portion of our revenue from a limited number of customers. For example, for the

fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, one of our customers, Gene Company Limited, accounted
for approximately 14%, 17% and 26% of our total revenue, respectively. Gene Company Limited is our primary
distributor in China. Many of these customers make large purchases on a purchase-order basis rather than
pursuant to long-term contracts. As a consequence of the concentrated nature of our customer base and their
purchasing behavior, our quarterly revenue and results of operations have fluctuated, and may fluctuate in the
future, from quarter to quarter and are difficult to forecast. For example, the cancellation of orders or acceleration
or delay in anticipated product purchases or the acceptance of shipped products by our larger customers has
materially affected, and in the future could materially affect, our revenue and results of operations in any
quarterly period. We have been, and may be in the future be, unable to sustain or increase our revenue from our
larger customers, or offset any discontinuation or decrease of purchases by our larger customers with purchases
by new or other existing customers. To the extent one or more of our larger customers experience significant
financial difficulty, bankruptcy or insolvency, this could have a material adverse effect on our sales and our
ability to collect on receivables, which could materially and adversely harm our financial condition and results of
operations.

In addition, many of our customers, including some of our larger customers, have negotiated, or may in the

future negotiate, volume-based discounts or other more favorable terms from us or our sales and distribution
partners, which can and have had a negative effect on our gross margins or revenue.

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We expect that such concentrated purchases will continue to contribute materially to our revenue for the
foreseeable future and that our results of operations may fluctuate materially as a result of such larger customers’
buying patterns. In addition, we may see consolidation of our customer base. The loss of one of our larger
customers, a significant delay or reduction in its purchases, or any volume-based discount or other more
favorable terms that we or our sales and distribution partner(s) may agree to provide in light of the aggregated
purchase volume or buying power resulting from such consolidation, has harmed, and in the future could harm,
our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Our products are highly complex, have recurring support requirements and could have unknown defects or
errors, which may give rise to claims against us or divert application of our resources from other purposes.

Products using our SMRT sequencing technology are highly complex and may develop or contain

undetected defects or errors. Our customers have experienced and may continue to experience reliability issues
with our existing and future products, including the Sequel System and the Sequel II/IIe Systems. Despite testing,
defects or errors may arise in our products, which could result in a failure to obtain, maintain or increase market
acceptance of our products, diversion of development resources, injury to our reputation and increased warranty,
service and maintenance costs. New products, including the SMRT Cell 8M and Sequel II/IIe Systems, or
enhancements to our existing products in particular may contain undetected errors or performance problems that
are discovered only after delivery to customers. If our products have reliability or other quality issues or require
unexpected levels of support in the future, the market acceptance and utilization of our products may not grow to
levels sufficient to support our costs and our reputation and business could be harmed. Low utilization rates of
our products could cause our revenue and gross margins to be adversely affected. We generally ship our
sequencing instruments with one year of service included in the purchase price with an option to purchase one or
more additional years of service. We also provide a warranty for our consumables, which is generally limited to
replacing, or at our option, giving credit for any consumable with defects in material or workmanship. Defects or
errors in our products may also discourage customers from purchasing our products. The costs incurred in
correcting any defects or errors may be substantial and could materially and adversely affect our operating
margins. If our service and support costs increase, our business and operations may be materially and adversely
affected.

In addition, such defects or errors could lead to the filing of product liability claims against us or against

third parties who we may have an obligation to indemnify against such claims, which could be costly and time-
consuming to defend and result in substantial damages. Although we have product liability insurance, any
product liability insurance that we have or procure in the future may not protect our business from the financial
impact of a product liability claim. Moreover, we may not be able to obtain adequate insurance coverage on
acceptable terms. Any insurance that we have or obtain will be subject to deductibles and coverage limits. A
product liability claim could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of
operations.

A significant portion of our sales depends on customers’ spending budgets that may be subject to significant
and unexpected variation which could have a negative effect on the demand for our products.

Our instruments represent significant capital expenditures for our customers. Current and potential
customers for our current or future products include academic and government institutions, genome centers,
medical research institutions, clinical laboratories, pharmaceutical, agricultural, biotechnology, diagnostic and
chemical companies. Their spending budgets can have a significant effect on the demand for our products.
Spending budgets are based on a wide variety of factors, including the allocation of available resources to make
purchases, funding from government sources which is highly uncertain and subject to change, the spending
priorities among various types of research equipment, policies regarding capital expenditures during
economically uncertain periods and the impact of COVID-19. Any decrease in capital spending or change in
spending priorities of our current and potential customers could significantly reduce the demand for our products.
Any delay or reduction in purchases by current or potential customers or our inability to forecast fluctuations in
demand could materially and adversely harm our future operating results.

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We may not be able to convert our orders in backlog into revenue.

Our backlog represents product orders from our customers that we have confirmed but have not been able to

fulfill, and, accordingly, for which we have not yet recognized revenue. We may not receive revenue from these
orders, and any order backlog we report may not be indicative of our future revenue.

Many events can cause an order to be delayed or not completed at all, some of which may be out of our
control, including the potential impacts from COVID-19 and our suppliers, especially our sole source suppliers,
not being able to provide us with products or components. If we delay fulfilling customer orders or if customers
reconsider their orders, those customers may seek to cancel or modify their orders with us. Customers may
otherwise seek to cancel or delay their orders even if we are prepared to fulfill them. If our orders in backlog do
not result in sales, our operating results may suffer.

Our sales cycle is unpredictable and lengthy, which makes it difficult to forecast revenue and may increase the
magnitude of quarterly or annual fluctuations in our operating results.

The sales cycle for our sequencing instruments is lengthy because they represent a major capital expenditure

and generally require the approval of our customers’ senior management. This may contribute to substantial
fluctuations in our quarterly or annual operating results, particularly during the periods in which our sales volume
is low. Factors that may cause fluctuations in our quarterly or operating results include, without limitation,
market acceptance for our products; our ability to attract new customers; publications of studies by us,
competitors or third parties; the timing and success of new product introductions by us or our competitors or
other changes in the competitive dynamics of our industry, such as consolidation; the amount and timing of our
costs and expenses; changes in our pricing policies or those of our competitors; general economic, industry and
market conditions; the effects of seasonality; the regulatory environment; expenses associated with warranty
costs or unforeseen product quality issues; the hiring, training and retention of key employees, including our
ability to grow our sales organization; litigation or other claims against us for intellectual property infringement
or otherwise; our ability to obtain additional financing as necessary; changes or trends in new technologies and
industry standards; and the impact of COVID-19. Because of these fluctuations, it is likely that in some future
quarters our operating results will fall below the expectations of securities analysts or investors. If that happens,
the market price of our stock would likely decrease. Past fluctuations in our quarterly and annual operating
results have resulted in decreases in our stock price. Such fluctuations also mean that investors may not be able to
rely on our operating results in any particular period as an indication of future performance. Sales to existing
customers and the establishment of a business relationship with other potential customers is a lengthy process,
generally taking several months and sometimes longer. Following the establishment of the relationship, the
negotiation of purchase terms can be time-consuming, and a potential customer may require an extended
evaluation and testing period. In anticipation of product orders, we may incur substantial costs before the sales
cycle is complete and before we receive any customer payments. As a result, in the event that a sale is not
completed or is canceled or delayed, we may have incurred substantial expenses, making it more difficult for us
to become profitable or otherwise negatively impacting our financial results. Furthermore, because of our lengthy
sales cycle, the realization of revenue from our selling efforts may be substantially delayed, our ability to forecast
our future revenue may be more limited and our revenue may fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter.

Seasonality may cause fluctuations in our revenue and results of operations.

We operate on a December 31st year-end and believe that there are significant seasonal factors which may
cause sales of our products, and particularly our sequencing instruments, to vary on a quarterly or yearly basis,
contribute to the lengthy sales cycle for our sequencing instruments, and increase the magnitude of quarterly or
annual fluctuations in our operating results. We believe that this seasonality results from a number of factors,
including the procurement and budgeting cycles of many of our customers, especially government-funded
customers, which cycles often coincide with government fiscal year ends. For example, the U.S. government’s
fiscal year-end occurs in our third quarter and may result in increased sales of our products during this quarter if

25

government-funded customers have unused funds that may be forfeited, or future budgets that may be reduced, if
such funds remain unspent at such fiscal year-end. Furthermore, celebrations of the Lunar New Year, which
occurs during our first quarter, may last for a week or longer, during which time many of our customers’ offices
in China and elsewhere in the Asia-Pacific region may be closed due to the holiday, and have in the past caused,
and may in the future cause, decreased sales of our consumables during such quarter. These factors have
contributed, and may contribute in the future, to substantial fluctuations in our quarterly operating results.
Because of these fluctuations, it is possible that in some quarters our operating results will fall below the
expectations of securities analysts or investors. If that happens, the market price of our stock would likely
decrease. These fluctuations, among other factors, also mean that our operating results in any particular period
may not be relied upon as an indication of future performance. Seasonal or cyclical variations in our sales have in
the past, and may become in the future, more or less pronounced over time, and have in the past materially
affected, and may in the future materially affect, our business, financial condition, results of operations and
prospects.

Our ability to use net operating losses to offset future taxable income may be subject to substantial limitations,
and changes to U.S. tax laws may cause us to make adjustments to our financial statements.

Under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code, a corporation that undergoes an “ownership change” is
subject to limitations on its ability to utilize its pre-change net operating losses (“NOLs”) to offset future taxable
income. We believe that we have had one or more ownership changes, as a result of which our existing NOLs are
currently subject to limitation. Future changes in our stock ownership could result in additional ownership
changes under Section 382. We may not be able to utilize a material portion of our NOLs even if we attain
profitability. Furthermore, the changes to deductions, credits and expense recognition resulting from the Tax
Cuts and Jobs Act of 2018 enacted on December 22, 2017 have materially impacted the value of our deferred tax
assets and liabilities, and could adversely affect our future taxable income and effective tax rate.

Our facilities in California are located near earthquake faults, and the occurrence of an earthquake or other
catastrophic disaster could cause damage to our facilities and equipment, which could require us to cease or
curtail operations.

Our facilities in the San Francisco Bay Area are located near earthquake fault zones and are vulnerable to
damage from earthquakes. We are also vulnerable to damage from other types of disasters, including fire, floods,
power loss, communications failures and similar events. If any disaster were to occur, our ability to operate our
business at our facilities would be seriously, or potentially completely, impaired. In addition, the nature of our
activities could cause significant delays in our research programs and commercial activities and make it difficult
for us to recover from a disaster. The insurance we maintain may not be adequate to cover our losses resulting
from disasters or other business interruptions. Accordingly, an earthquake or other disaster could materially and
adversely harm our ability to conduct business.

Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property

Failure to secure patent or other intellectual property protection for our products and improvements to our
products may reduce our ability to maintain any technological or competitive advantage over our current and
potential competitors.

Our ability to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights is uncertain and depends on complex legal

and factual questions. Our ability to establish or maintain a technological or competitive advantage over our
competitors may be diminished because of these uncertainties. For example:

• we or our licensors might not have been the first to make the inventions covered by each of our

pending patent applications or issued patents;

• we or our licensors might not have been the first to file patent applications for these inventions;

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•

•

•

•

it is possible that neither our pending patent applications nor the pending patent applications of our
licensors will result in issued patents;

the scope of the patent protection we or our licensors obtain may not be sufficiently broad to prevent
others from practicing our technologies, developing competing products, designing around our patented
technologies or independently developing similar or alternative technologies;

our and our licensors’ patent applications or patents have been, are and may in the future be, subject to
interference, opposition or similar administrative proceedings, which could result in those patent
applications failing to issue as patents, those patents being held invalid or the scope of those patents
being substantially reduced;

our enforcement of patents and proprietary rights in other countries may be problematic or
unpredictable;

• we may not be able to prevent third parties from practicing our inventions in all countries outside the
United States, or from selling or importing products made using our inventions in and into the United
States or other jurisdictions;

• we or our partners may not adequately protect our trade secrets;

• we may not develop additional proprietary technologies that are patentable; or

•

the patents of others may limit our freedom to operate and prevent us from commercializing our
technology in accordance with our plans.

The occurrence of any of these events could impair our ability to operate without infringing upon the

proprietary rights of others or prevent us from establishing or maintaining a competitive advantage over our
competitors.

Variability in intellectual property laws may adversely affect our intellectual property position.

Intellectual property laws, and patent laws and regulations in particular, have been subject to significant

variability either through administrative or legislative changes to such laws or regulations or changes or
differences in judicial interpretation, and it is expected that such variability will continue to occur. Additionally,
intellectual property laws and regulations differ by country. Variations in the patent laws and regulations or in
interpretations of patent laws and regulations in the United States and other countries may diminish the value of
our intellectual property and may change the impact of third-party intellectual property on us. Accordingly, we
cannot predict the scope of the patents that may be granted to us with certainty, the extent to which we will be
able to enforce our patents against third parties or the extent to which third parties may be able to enforce their
patents against us.

Some of the intellectual property that is important to our business is owned by other companies or institutions
and licensed to us, and changes to the rights we have licensed may adversely impact our business.

We license from third parties some of the intellectual property that is important to our business. If the third
parties who license intellectual property to us fail to maintain the intellectual property that we have licensed, or
lose rights to that intellectual property, the rights we have licensed may be reduced or eliminated, which would
eliminate barriers against our competition. Termination of these licenses or reduction or elimination of our
licensed rights may result in our having to negotiate new or reinstated licenses with less favorable terms, or could
subject us to claims of intellectual property infringement or contract breach in litigation or other administrative
proceedings that could result in damage awards against us and injunctions that could prohibit us from selling our
products. In addition, some of our licenses from third parties limit the field in which we can use the licensed
technology. Therefore, in order for us to use such licensed technology in potential future applications that are
outside the licensed field of use, we may be required to negotiate new licenses with our licensors or expand our

27

rights under our existing licenses. We cannot be certain that we will be able to obtain such licenses or expanded
rights on reasonable terms or at all. In the event a dispute with our licensors were to occur, our licensors may
seek to renegotiate the terms of our licenses, increase the royalty rates that we pay to obtain and maintain those
licenses, limit the field or scope of the licenses, or terminate the license agreements. In addition, we have limited
rights to participate in the prosecution and enforcement of the patents and patent applications that we have
licensed. If we fail to meet our obligations under these licenses, or if we have a dispute regarding the terms of the
licenses, these third parties could terminate the licenses, which could subject us to claims of intellectual property
infringement. As a result, we cannot be certain that these patents and applications will be prosecuted and
enforced in a manner consistent with the best interests of our business. Further, because of the rapid pace of
technological change in our industry, we may need to rely on key technologies developed or licensed by third
parties, and we may not be able to obtain licenses and technologies from these third parties at all or on reasonable
terms. The occurrence of these events may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or
results of operations.

The measures that we use to protect the security of and enforce our intellectual property and other proprietary
rights may not be adequate, which could result in the loss of legal protection for, and thereby diminish the
value of, such intellectual property and other rights.

In addition to patents, we also rely upon trademarks, trade secrets, copyrights and unfair competition laws,

as well as license agreements and other contractual provisions, to protect our intellectual property and other
proprietary rights. Despite these measures, any of our intellectual property rights could be challenged,
invalidated, circumvented or misappropriated. In addition, we attempt to protect our intellectual property and
proprietary information by requiring our employees and consultants to enter into confidentiality and assignment
of inventions agreements, and by entering into confidentiality agreements with our third-party development,
manufacturing, sales and distribution partners, who may also acquire, develop and/or commercialize alternative
or competing products or provide services to our competitors. For example, Roche had certain access to our trade
secrets and other proprietary information pursuant to our agreement with them, subject to the confidentiality
provisions thereof (certain of which provisions survive the termination of the agreement); however, Roche is
developing potentially competing sequencing products. There can be no assurance that our measures have
provided or will provide adequate protection for our intellectual property and proprietary information. These
agreements may be breached, and we may not have adequate remedies for any such breach. In addition, our trade
secrets and other proprietary information may be disclosed to others, or others may gain access to or disclose our
trade secrets and other proprietary information. Enforcing a claim that a third party illegally obtained and is using
our trade secrets is expensive and time consuming, and the outcome is unpredictable. Additionally, others may
independently develop proprietary information and techniques that are substantially equivalent to ours. The
occurrence of these events may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of
operations.

Our intellectual property may be subject to challenges in the United States or foreign jurisdictions that could
adversely affect our intellectual property position.

Our pending, issued and granted U.S. and foreign patents and patent applications have been, are and may in
the future be, subject to challenges by ONT Ltd., ONT Inc. and Metrichor, Ltd. (“Metrichor” and, together with
ONT Ltd. and ONT Inc., “ONT”) and other parties asserting prior invention by others or invalidity on various
grounds, through proceedings, such as interferences, reexaminations or opposition proceedings. Addressing these
challenges to our intellectual property has been, and any future challenges can be, costly and distract
management’s attention and resources. For example, we previously incurred significant legal expenses to litigate
and settle a complaint seeking review of a patent interference decision of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
Additionally, ONT previously requested that the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office institute inter partes reviews
of certain patents that we have asserted against ONT Inc. and ONT Ltd. in litigation proceedings for patent
infringement. While none of the inter partes reviews requested by ONT were instituted by the U.S. Patent and
Trademark Office, challenges of this nature in the future could result in determinations that our patents or

28

pending patent applications are unpatentable to us, invalidated or unenforceable in whole or in part and could
require us to expend significant time, funds, and other resources in litigating such challenges. Accordingly,
adverse rulings in such proceedings could negatively impact the scope of our intellectual property protection for
our products and technology, and could materially and adversely affect our business.

Some of our technology is subject to “march-in” rights by the U.S. government.

Some of our patented technology was developed with U.S. federal government funding. When new

technologies are developed with U.S. government funding, the government obtains certain rights in any resulting
patents, including a nonexclusive license authorizing the government to use the invention for non-commercial
purposes. These rights may permit the government to disclose our confidential information to third parties and to
exercise “march-in” rights to use or allow third parties to use our patented technology. The government can
exercise its march-in rights if it determines that such action is necessary to (i) achieve practical application of the
U.S. government-funded technology, (ii) alleviate health or safety needs, (iii) meet requirements of federal
regulations, or (iv) give preference to U.S. industry. In addition, U.S. government-funded inventions must be
reported to the government and such government funding must be disclosed in any resulting patent applications.
Furthermore, our rights in such inventions are subject to government license rights and foreign manufacturing
restrictions. The U.S. government has generally denied requests to exercise its march-in rights, even to provide
access to potentially life-saving medications; however, if the U.S. government were to exercise its march-in
rights to our patent technologies funded by the U.S. government, particularly for the benefit of one of more of
our competitors, that may have a material adverse affect on our business.

We are involved in legal proceedings to enforce our intellectual property rights.

Our intellectual property rights involve complex factual, scientific and legal questions. We operate in an
industry characterized by significant intellectual property litigation. Even though we may believe that we have a
valid patent on a particular technology, other companies have from time to time taken, and may in the future
take, actions that we believe violate our patent rights. For example, we are involved in legal proceedings for
patent infringement and related matters in the United States with ONT and with PGI, and we were previously
involved in other legal proceedings with ONT and Harvard University in several United States and European
jurisdictions. We have in the past received adverse rulings against us with respect to our complaint with the
United States International Trade Commission for one of these proceedings. Legal actions to enforce our patent
rights have been, and will continue to be, expensive, and may divert significant management time and resources.
Adverse parties from previous legal actions have brought, and they and others may in the future bring, claims
against us and/or our intellectual property. Litigation is a significant ongoing expense, recognized in sales,
general and administrative expense, with an uncertain outcome, and has been, and may in the future be, a
material expense for us. Our enforcement actions may not be successful, have given rise to legal claims against
us and could result in some of our intellectual property rights being determined to be invalid or not enforceable.
Furthermore, an adverse determination or judgement could lead to an award of damages against us, or the
issuance of an injunction against us or our products that could prevent us from selling any products found to be
infringing the intellectual property rights of another party.

We have been, are currently, and could in the future be, subject to legal proceedings with third parties who
may claim that our products infringe or misappropriate their intellectual property rights.

Our products are based on complex, rapidly developing technologies. We may not be aware of issued or
previously filed patent applications that belong to third parties that mature into issued patents that cover some
aspect of our products or their use. In addition, because patent litigation is complex and the outcome inherently
uncertain, our belief that our products do not infringe third-party patents of which we are aware or that such
third-party patents are invalid and unenforceable may be determined to be incorrect. As a result, third parties
have claimed, and may in the future claim, that we infringe their patent rights and have filed, and may in the

29

future file, lawsuits or engage in other proceedings against us to enforce their patent rights. For example, ONT
Ltd. and Harvard University have, in the past, filed claims against us in the High Court of England and Wales
and the District Court of Mannheim, Germany for patent infringement, and PGI has filed claims against us in the
U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware and in the Wuhan People’s Court in China. We are aware of other
issued patents and patent applications owned by third parties that could be construed to read on our products, and
related maintenance and support services. Although we do not believe that our products or services infringe any
valid issued patents, the third-party owners of these patents and applications may in the future claim that we
infringe their patent rights and file lawsuits against us. In addition, as we enter new markets, our competitors and
other third parties may claim that our products infringe their intellectual property rights as part of a business
strategy to impede our successful entry into those markets. Furthermore, parties making claims against us may be
able to obtain injunctive or other relief, which effectively could block our ability to further develop or
commercialize products or services, and could result in the award of substantial damages against us. Patent
litigation between competitors in our industry is common. Additionally, we have certain obligations to many of
our customers and suppliers to indemnify and defend them against claims by third parties that our products or
their use infringe any intellectual property of these third parties. In defending ourselves against any of these
claims, we have in the past incurred, and could in the future incur, to defend ourselves or our customers,
substantial costs, and the attention of our management and technical personnel could be diverted. For example,
we previously incurred significant legal expenses to litigate and settle a complaint alleging patent infringement.
Even if we have an agreement that indemnifies us against such costs, the indemnifying party may be unable to
uphold its contractual obligations. To avoid or settle legal claims, it may be necessary or desirable in the future to
obtain licenses relating to one or more products or relating to current or future technologies, which could
negatively affect our gross margins. We may not be able to obtain these licenses on commercially reasonable
terms, or at all. We may be unable to modify our products so that they do not infringe the intellectual property
rights of third parties. In some situations, the results of litigation or settlement of claims may require us to cease
allegedly infringing activities which could prevent us from selling some or all of our products. The occurrence of
these events may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

In addition, in the course of our business, we may from time to time have access or be alleged to have access

to confidential or proprietary information of others, which, though not patented, may be protected as trade
secrets. Others could bring claims against us asserting that we improperly used their confidential or proprietary
information, or that we misappropriated their technologies and incorporated those technologies into our products,
even when we hope not. A determination that we illegally used the confidential or proprietary information or
misappropriated technologies of others in our products could result in us paying substantial damage awards or
being prevented from further developing or selling some or all of our products, which could materially and
adversely affect our business.

We have not yet registered some of our trademarks in all of our potential markets, and failure to secure those
registrations could adversely affect our business.

Some of our trademark applications may not be allowed for registration, and our registered trademarks may
not be maintained or enforced. In addition, in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and in comparable agencies
in many foreign jurisdictions, third parties are given an opportunity to oppose pending trademark applications
and to seek to cancel registered trademarks. Opposition or cancellation proceedings may be filed against our
trademarks, and our trademarks may not survive such proceedings.

Our use of “open source” software could adversely affect our ability to sell our products and subject us to
possible litigation.

A portion of the products or technologies developed and/or distributed by us incorporate “open source”
software, and we may incorporate open source software into other products or technologies in the future. Some
open source software licenses require that we disclose the source code for any modifications to such open source

30

software that we make and distribute to one or more third parties, and that we license the source code for such
modifications to third parties, including our competitors, at no cost. We monitor the use of open source software
in our products to avoid uses in a manner that would require us to disclose or grant licenses under our source
code that we wish to maintain as proprietary; however, there can be no assurance that such efforts have been or
will be successful. In some circumstances, distribution of our software that includes or is linked with open source
software could require that we disclose and license some or all of our proprietary source code in that software,
which could include permitting the use of such software and source code at no cost to the user. Open source
license terms are often ambiguous and there is little legal precedent governing the interpretation of these licenses.
Successful claims made by the licensors of open source software that we have violated the terms of these licenses
could result in unanticipated obligations, including being subject to significant damages, being enjoined from
distributing products that incorporate open source software and being required to make available our proprietary
source code pursuant to an open source license, which could substantially help our competitors develop products
that are similar to or better than ours or otherwise materially and adversely affect our business.

Risks Related to Regulation

We are, and may become, subject to governmental regulations that may impose burdens on our operations,
and the markets for our products may be narrowed.

We are subject, both directly and indirectly, to the adverse impact of government regulation of our
operations and markets. For example, export of our instruments may be subject to strict regulatory control in a
number of jurisdictions. We have expanded and are continuing to expand the international jurisdictions into
which we supply products, which increase the risks surrounding governmental regulations relating to our
business. The failure to satisfy export control criteria or to obtain necessary clearances could delay or prevent
shipment of products, which could materially and adversely affect our revenue and profitability. Moreover, the
life sciences industry, which is expected to continue to be one of the primary markets for our technology, has
historically been heavily regulated. There are, for example, laws in several jurisdictions restricting research in
genetic engineering, which may narrow our markets. Given the evolving nature of this industry, legislative
bodies or regulatory authorities may adopt additional regulations that may adversely affect our market
opportunities. Additionally, if ethical and other concerns surrounding the use of genetic information, diagnostics
or therapies become widespread, there may be less demand for our products.

Our business is also directly affected by a wide variety of government regulations applicable to business
enterprises generally and to companies operating in the life science industry in particular. Failure to comply with
government regulations or obtain or maintain necessary permits and licenses could result in a variety of fines or
other censures or an interruption in our business operations which may have a negative impact on our ability to
generate revenue and the cost of operating our business. In addition, changes to laws and government regulations
could cause a material adverse effect on our business as we will need to adapt our business to comply with such
changes. For example, a governmental prohibition on the use of human in vitro diagnostics would adversely
impact our commercialization of products on which we have expended significant research and development
resources, which would in turn have a material adverse impact on our business and prospects.

Our products could become subject to government regulation as medical devices by the U.S. Food and Drug
Administration or other domestic and international regulatory agencies even if we do not elect to seek
regulatory clearance or approval to market our products for diagnostic purposes, which could increase our
costs and impede or delay our commercialization efforts, thereby materially and adversely affecting our
business and results of operations.

Our products are not currently subject to U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) clearance or approval

since they are not intended or labeled for use in the diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of any disease, and are
labeled and promoted as research use only (RUO) products. However, in the future, certain of our products or
related applications, such as those that may be developed for clinical uses, could be subject to FDA regulation, or

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the FDA’s regulatory jurisdiction could be expanded to include our products. Also, even if our products are
labeled, promoted, and intended as RUO, the FDA or comparable agencies of other countries could disagree with
our conclusion that our products are intended for research use only or deem our sales, marketing and promotional
efforts as being inconsistent with RUO products. For example, our customers may independently elect to use our
RUO labeled products in their own laboratory developed tests (LDTs) for clinical diagnostic use, which could
subject our products to government regulation, and the regulatory clearance or approval and maintenance process
for such products may be uncertain, expensive, and time-consuming. Regulatory requirements related to
marketing, selling, and distribution of RUO products could change or be uncertain, even if clinical uses of our
RUO products by our customers were done without our consent. If the FDA or other regulatory authorities assert
that any of our RUO products are subject to regulatory clearance or approval, our business, financial condition,
or results of operations could be adversely affected. In the event that we fail to obtain and maintain necessary
regulatory clearances or approvals for products that we develop for clinical uses, or if clearances or approvals for
future products and indications are delayed or not issued, our commercial operations may be materially harmed.
Furthermore, even if we are granted regulatory clearances or approvals, they may include significant limitations
on the indicated uses for the product, which may limit the market for the product. We do not have experience in
obtaining FDA approvals and no assurance can be given that we will be able to obtain or to maintain such
approvals. Furthermore, any approvals that we may obtain can be revoked if safety or efficacy problems develop.

The FDA has historically exercised enforcement discretion in not enforcing the medical device regulations

against laboratories developing and offering LDTs. However, on October 3, 2014, the FDA issued two draft
guidance documents that set forth the FDA’s proposed risk-based framework for regulating LDTs, which are
designed, manufactured, and used within a single laboratory. The draft guidance documents provide the
anticipated details through which the FDA would propose to establish an LDT oversight framework, including
premarket review for higher-risk LDTs, such as those that have the same intended use as FDA-approved or
cleared companion diagnostic tests currently on the market. In January 2017, the FDA announced that it would
not issue final guidance on the oversight of LDTs and manufacturers of products used for LDTs, but would seek
further public discussion on an appropriate oversight approach, and give Congress an opportunity to develop a
legislative solution. More recently, the FDA has issued warning letters to certain genomics labs for illegally
marketing genetic tests that claim to predict patients’ responses to specific medications, noting that the FDA has
not created a legal “carve-out” for LDTs and retains discretion to take action when appropriate, such as when
certain genomic tests raise significant public health concerns.

As manufacturers develop more complex diagnostic tests and diagnostic software, the FDA may increase its

regulation of LDTs. Any future legislative or administrative rule making or oversight of LDTs, if and when
finalized, may impact the sales of our products and how customers use our products, and may require us to
change our business model in order to maintain compliance with these laws. We cannot predict how these
various efforts will be resolved, how Congress or the FDA will regulate LDTs in the future, or how that
regulatory system will impact our business. Changes to the current regulatory framework, including the
imposition of additional or new regulations, including regulation of our products, could arise at any time during
the development or marketing of our products, which may negatively affect our ability to obtain or maintain FDA
or comparable regulatory approval of our products, if required. Further, sales of devices for diagnostic purposes
may subject us to additional healthcare regulation and enforcement by the applicable government agencies. Such
laws include, without limitation, state and federal anti-kickback or anti-referral laws, healthcare fraud and abuse
laws, false claims laws, privacy and security laws, Physician Payments Sunshine Act and related transparency
and manufacturer reporting laws, and other laws and regulations applicable to medical device manufacturers.

Additionally, on November 25, 2013, the FDA issued Final Guidance “Distribution of In Vitro Diagnostic
Products Labeled for Research Use Only.” The guidance emphasizes that the FDA will review the totality of the
circumstances when it comes to evaluating whether equipment and testing components are properly labeled as
RUO. The final guidance states that merely including a labeling statement that the product is for research
purposes only will not necessarily render the device exempt from the FDA’s clearance, approval, and other
regulatory requirements if the circumstances surrounding the distribution, marketing and promotional practices

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indicate that the manufacturer knows its products are, or intends for its products to be, used for clinical diagnostic
purposes. These circumstances may include written or verbal sales and marketing claims or links to articles
regarding a product’s performance in clinical applications and a manufacturer’s provision of technical support for
clinical applications.

Recently, as part of the Trump Administration’s efforts to combat COVID-19 and consistent with the
President’s direction in Executive Orders 13771 and 13924, the Department of Health and Human Services
(HHS) announced rescission of guidance and other informal issuances of the FDA regarding premarket review of
LDT absent notice-and-comment rulemaking, stating that, absent notice-and-comment rulemaking, those seeking
approval or clearance of, or an emergency use authorization, for an LDT may nonetheless voluntarily submit a
premarket approval application, premarket notification or an Emergency Use Authorization request, respectively,
but are not required to do so. However, laboratories opting to use LDTs without FDA premarket review or
authorization would not be eligible for liability protection under the Public Readiness and Emergency
Preparedness Act. While this action by HHS is expected to reduce the regulatory burden on clinical laboratories
certified under the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 that develop LDTs, it is unclear how
this action as well as future legislation by federal and state governments and the FDA will impact the industry,
including our business and that of our customers. Such HHS measure may compel the FDA to formalize earlier
enforcement discretionary policies and informal guidance through notice-and-comment rulemaking and/or
impose further restrictions on LDTs. HHS’ rescission policy may change over time. Congress could also enact
legislation restricting LDTs. Any restrictions on LDTs by the FDA, HHS, Congress, or state regulatory
authorities may decrease the demand for our products. The adoption of new restrictions on RUO products,
whether by the FDA or Congress, could adversely affect demand for our specialized reagents and instruments.
Further, we could be required to obtain premarket clearance or approval before we can sell our products to
certain customers.

If we elect to label and market our products for use as, or in the performance of, clinical diagnostics in the

United States, thereby subjecting them to FDA regulation as medical devices, we would be required to obtain
premarket 510(k) clearance or premarket approval from the FDA, unless an exception applies. It is possible, in
the event we elect to submit 510(k) applications for certain of our products, that the FDA would take the position
that a more burdensome premarket application, such as a premarket approval application (PMA) or a de novo
application is required for some of our products. If such applications were required, greater time and investment
would be required to obtain FDA approval. Even if the FDA agreed that a 510(k) was appropriate, FDA
clearance can be expensive and time consuming. It generally takes a significant amount of time to prepare a
510(k), including conducting appropriate testing on our products, and several months to years for the FDA to
review a submission. Notwithstanding the effort and expense, FDA clearance or approval could be denied for
some or all of our products for which we choose to market as a medical device or a clinical diagnostic device.
Even if we were to seek and obtain regulatory approval or clearance, it may not be for the intended uses we
request or that we believe are important or commercially attractive. There can be no assurance that future
products for which we may seek premarket clearance or approval will be approved or cleared by FDA or a
comparable foreign regulatory authority on a timely basis, if at all, nor can there be assurance that labeling claims
will be consistent with our anticipated claims or adequate to support continued adoption of such products.
Compliance with FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authority regulations will require substantial costs, and
subject us to heightened scrutiny by regulators and substantial penalties for failure to comply with such
requirements or the inability to market our products. The lengthy and unpredictable premarket clearance or
approval process, as well as the unpredictability of the results of any required clinical studies, may result in our
failing to obtain regulatory clearance or approval to market such products, which would significantly harm our
business, results of operations, reputation, and prospects.

If we sought and received regulatory clearance or approval for certain of our products, we would be subject
to ongoing FDA obligations and continued regulatory oversight and review, including the general controls listed
above and the FDA’s QSRs for our development and manufacturing operations. In addition, we would be
required to obtain a new 510(k) clearance before we could introduce subsequent material modifications or

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improvements to such products. We could also be subject to additional FDA post-marketing obligations for such
products, any or all of which would increase our costs and divert resources away from other projects. If we
sought and received regulatory clearance or approval and are not able to maintain regulatory compliance with
applicable laws, we could be prohibited from marketing our products for use as, or in the performance of, clinical
diagnostics and/or could be subject to enforcement actions, including warning letters and adverse publicity, fines,
injunctions, and civil penalties; recall or seizure of products; operating restrictions; and criminal prosecution.

Further, if we decide to seek regulatory clearance or approval for certain of our products in countries outside

of the United States or if a foreign regulatory authority determines that our products are regulated as medical
devices, we would be subject to extensive medical device laws and regulations outside of the United States. Sales
of such products outside the United States will likely be subject to foreign regulatory requirements, which can
vary greatly from country to country. As a result, the time required to obtain clearances or approvals outside the
United States may differ from that required to obtain FDA clearance or approval and we may not be able to
obtain foreign regulatory approvals on a timely basis or at all. In Europe, we would need to comply with the new
Medical Device Regulation 2017/745 and In Vitro Diagnostic Regulation 2017/746, which became effective
May 26, 2017, with application dates of May 26, 2021 (postponed from 2020) and May 26, 2022 respectively.
This will increase the difficulty of regulatory approvals in Europe in the future. In addition, the FDA regulates
exports of medical devices. The number and scope of these requirements are increasing. Unlike many of the other
companies offering nucleic acid sequencing equipment or consumables, this is an area where we do not have
expertise. We, or our other third-party sales and distribution partners, may not be able to obtain regulatory
approvals in such countries or may incur significant costs in obtaining or maintaining our foreign regulatory
approvals. In addition, the export by us of certain of our products, which have not yet been cleared for domestic
commercial distribution, may be subject to FDA or other export restrictions. Failure to comply with these
regulatory requirements or obtain and maintain required approvals, clearances and certifications could impair our
ability to commercialize our products for diagnostic use outside of the United States. Any action brought against
us for violations of these laws or regulations, even if successfully defended, could cause us to incur significant
legal expenses and divert our management’s attention from the operation of our business.

Enhanced trade tariffs, import restrictions, export restrictions, Chinese regulations or other trade barriers
may materially harm our business.

We are continuing to expand our international operations as part of our growth strategy and have

experienced an increasing concentration of sales in certain regions outside the U.S., especially the Asia-Pacific
region. There is currently significant uncertainty about the future relationship between the United States and
various other countries, most significantly China, with respect to trade policies, treaties, government regulations
and tariffs. In September 2018, the U.S. Trade Representative (the “USTR”) enacted various tariffs of 7.5%,
10%, 15% and 25% on the import of Chinese products, including non-U.S. components and materials that may
be used in our products. Additionally, China also has imposed tariffs on imports into China from the United
States. These tariffs could raise our costs. Furthermore, tariffs, trade restrictions, or trade barriers that have been,
and may in the future be, placed on products such as ours by foreign governments, especially China, have raised,
and could further raise, amounts paid for some or all of our products, which may result in the loss of customers
and our business, and our financial condition and results of operations may be harmed. Further tariffs may be
imposed that could cover imports of components and materials used in our products, or our business may be
adversely impacted by retaliatory trade measures taken by China or other countries, including restricted access to
components or materials used in our products or increased amounts that must be paid for our products, which
could materially harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. Further, the continued threats of
tariffs, trade restrictions and trade barriers could have a generally disruptive impact on the global economy and,
therefore, negatively impact our sales. Given the relatively fluid regulatory environment in China and the United
States and uncertainty how the U.S. or foreign governments will act with respect to tariffs, international trade
agreements and policies, there could be additional tax or other regulatory changes in the future. Any such
changes could directly and adversely impact our financial results and results of operations.

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Additionally, in November 2018, the U.S. Commerce Department’s Bureau of Industry and Security
(“BIS”) released an advance notice of proposed rulemaking to control the export of emerging technologies. This
notice included “[b]iotechnology, including nanobiology; synthetic biology; genomic and genetic engineering; or
neurotech” as possible areas of increased export controls. Therefore, it is possible that our ability to export our
products may be restricted in the future, most notably China.

If we commercialize any of our products outside of the United States, our international business could expose
us to business, regulatory, political, operational, financial, and economic risks associated with doing business
outside of the United States.

Engaging in international business inherently involves a number of difficulties and risks, including:

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required compliance with existing and changing foreign regulatory requirements and laws that are or
may be applicable to our business in the future, such as the European Union’s General Data Protection
Regulation (GDPR) and other data privacy requirements, labor and employment regulations, anti-
competition regulations, the U.K. Bribery Act of 2010 and other anti-corruption laws, regulations
relating to the use of certain hazardous substances or chemicals in commercial products, and require
the collection, reuse, and recycling of waste from products we manufacture;

required compliance with U.S. laws such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, and other U.S. federal
laws and regulations established by the office of Foreign Asset Control;

export requirements and import or trade restrictions;

laws and business practices favoring local companies;

foreign currency exchange, longer payment cycles and difficulties in enforcing agreements and
collecting receivables through certain foreign legal systems;

changes in social, economic, and political conditions or in laws, regulations and policies governing
foreign trade, manufacturing, research and development, and investment both domestically as well as
in the other countries and jurisdictions in which we operate and into which we may sell our products
including as a result of the separation of the United Kingdom from the European Union (Brexit);

potentially adverse tax consequences, tariffs, customs charges, bureaucratic requirements, and other
trade barriers;

difficulties and costs of staffing and managing foreign operations; and

difficulties protecting, maintaining, enforcing or procuring intellectual property rights.

If one or more of these risks occurs, it could require us to dedicate significant resources to remedy such

occurrence, and if we are unsuccessful in finding a solution, our financial results will suffer.

Our operations involve the use of hazardous materials, and we must comply with environmental, health and
safety laws, which can be expensive and may adversely affect our business, operating results and financial
condition.

Our research and development and manufacturing activities involve the use of hazardous materials,

including chemicals and biological materials, and some of our products include hazardous materials.
Accordingly, we are subject to federal, state, local and foreign laws, regulations and permits relating to
environmental, health and safety matters, including, among others, those governing the use, storage, handling,
exposure to and disposal of hazardous materials and wastes, the health and safety of our employees, and the
shipment, labeling, collection, recycling, treatment and disposal of products containing hazardous materials.
Liability under environmental laws and regulations can be joint and several and without regard to fault or
negligence. For example, under certain circumstances and under certain environmental laws, we could be held
liable for costs relating to contamination at our or our predecessors’ past or present facilities and at third-party

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waste disposal sites. We could also be held liable for damages arising out of human exposure to hazardous
materials. There can be no assurance that violations of environmental, health and safety laws will not occur as a
result of human error, accident, equipment failure or other causes. The failure to comply with past, present or
future laws could result in the imposition of substantial fines and penalties, remediation costs, property damage
and personal injury claims, investigations, the suspension of production or product sales, loss of permits or a
cessation of operations. Any of these events could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.
We also expect that our operations will be affected by new environmental, health and safety laws and regulations
on an ongoing basis, or more stringent enforcement of existing laws and regulations. New laws or changes to
existing laws may result in additional costs and may increase penalties associated with violations or require us to
change the content of our products or how we manufacture them, which could have a material adverse effect on
our business, operating results and financial condition.

Ethical, legal, privacy, data protection and social concerns or governmental restrictions surrounding the use
of genetic information could reduce demand for our technology.

Our products may be used to provide genetic information about humans, agricultural crops and other living

organisms. The information obtained from our products could be used in a variety of applications which may
have underlying ethical, legal, privacy, data protection and social concerns, including the genetic engineering or
modification of agricultural products or testing for genetic predisposition for certain medical conditions.
Governmental authorities could, for safety, social or other purposes, call for limits on or regulation of the use of
genetic testing, and may consider or adopt such regulations or other restrictions. Such concerns or governmental
restrictions could limit the use of our products or be costly and burdensome to comply with, and actual or
perceived violations of any such restrictions may lead to the imposition of substantial fines and penalties,
remediation costs, claims and litigation, regulatory investigations and proceedings, and other liability, and of
which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Regulations related to conflict minerals has caused us to incur, and will continue to cause us to incur,
additional expenses and could limit the supply and increase the costs of certain materials used in the
manufacture of our products.

We are subject to requirements under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of
2010 that require us to conduct diligence, and report whether or not our products contain conflict minerals. The
implementation of these requirements could adversely affect the sourcing, availability and pricing of the
materials used in the manufacture of components used in our products. Furthermore, the complex nature of our
products requires components and materials that may be available only from a limited number of sources and, in
some cases, from only a single source. We have incurred, and will continue to incur, additional costs to comply
with the disclosure requirements, including costs related to conducting diligence procedures to determine the
sources of conflict minerals that may be used or necessary to the production of our products and, if applicable,
potential changes to components, processes or sources of supply as a consequence of such verification activities.
We may face reputational harm if we determine that certain of our products contain minerals that are not
determined to be conflict free or if we are unable to alter our processes or sources of supply to avoid using such
materials. In such circumstances, the reputational harm could materially and adversely affect our business,
financial condition or results of operations.

Risks Related to Owning Our Common Stock

The price of our common stock has been, is, and may continue to be, highly volatile, and you may be unable to
sell your shares at or above the price you paid to acquire them.

The market price of our common stock is highly volatile, and we expect it to continue to be volatile for the

foreseeable future in response to many risk factors listed in this section, and others beyond our control, including:

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announcements of new products, technological innovations or strategic partnerships by us or our
competitors;

announcements by us, our customers, partners or suppliers relating directly or indirectly to our
products, services or technologies;

overall conditions in our industry and market;

addition or loss of significant customers;

changes in laws or regulations applicable to our products;

actual or anticipated changes in our growth rate relative to our competitors;

announcements by us or our competitors of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint
ventures, capital commitments or achievement of significant milestones;

additions or departures of key personnel;

competition from existing products or new products that may emerge;

issuance of new or updated research or reports by securities analysts;

fluctuations in the valuation of companies perceived by investors to be comparable to us;

disputes or other developments related to proprietary rights, including patents, litigation matters or our
ability to obtain intellectual property protection for our technologies;

announcement or expectation of additional financing efforts;

sales of our common stock by us or our stockholders;

stock price and volume fluctuations attributable to inconsistent trading volume levels of our shares;

reports, guidance and ratings issued by securities or industry analysts;

operating results below the expectations of securities analysts or investors; and

general economic and market conditions, which could be impacted by various events including
COVID-19.

If any of the forgoing occurs, it would cause our stock price or trading volume to decline. Stock markets in

general and the market for companies in our industry in particular have experienced price and volume
fluctuations, which have been exacerbated by COVID-19, that have affected and continue to affect the market
prices of equity securities of many companies. These fluctuations often have been unrelated or disproportionate
to the operating performance of those companies. These broad market and industry fluctuations, as well as
general economic, political and market conditions such as recessions, interest rate changes or international
currency fluctuations, may negatively impact the market price of our common stock. You may not realize any
return on your investment in us and may lose some or all of your investment. In the past, companies that have
experienced volatility in the market price of their stock have been subject to securities class action litigation. We
have been a party to this type of litigation in the past and may be the target of this type of litigation again in the
future. Securities litigation against us could result in substantial costs and divert our management’s attention
from other business concerns, which could seriously harm our business.

Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public markets, or the perception that such sales
might occur, could reduce the market price that our common stock might otherwise attain and may dilute your
voting power and your ownership interest in us.

Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that

such sales could occur, could adversely affect the market price of our common stock and may make it more
difficult for existing stockholders to sell their common stock at a time and price that they deem appropriate and
may dilute their voting power and ownership interest in us.

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In addition, if our existing stockholders sell, or indicate an intent to sell, a large number of shares of our

common stock in the public market, it could cause our stock price to fall. We may also issue shares of common
stock or securities convertible into our common stock in connection with a financing, acquisition, our equity
incentive plans, or otherwise. Any such issuances would result in dilution to our existing stockholders and the
market price of our common stock may be adversely affected.

Concentration of ownership by our principal stockholders may result in control by such stockholders of the
composition of our board of directors.

Our existing principal stockholders, executive officers, directors and their affiliates beneficially own a
significant number of our outstanding shares of common stock. In addition, such parties may acquire additional
control by purchasing stock that we issue in connection with our future fundraising efforts. Also, SB Northstar
LP, a subsidiary of SoftBank Group Corp., purchased $900 million in aggregate principal amount of our 1.50%
Convertible Senior Notes due 2028, convertible at the option of the holders at any time into shares of our
common stock based on an initial conversion rate of 22.9885 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal
amount of the Notes (which is equal to an initial conversion price of $43.50 per share). As a result, these current
and future stockholders may now and in the future be able to exercise a significant level of control over all
matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors. This control could have the effect of
delaying or preventing a change of control of our company or changes in management and will make the
approval of certain transactions difficult or impossible without the support of these stockholders.

Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents and under Delaware law could make an acquisition of us,
which may be beneficial to our stockholders, more difficult and may prevent attempts by our stockholders to
replace or remove our current management and limit the market price of our common stock.

Provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, as amended and restated, may have the effect of
delaying or preventing a change of control or changes in our management. Our amended and restated certificate
of incorporation and bylaws include provisions that:

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authorize our board of directors to issue, without further action by the stockholders, up to 50,000,000
shares of undesignated preferred stock and up to approximately 1,000,000,000 shares of authorized but
unissued shares of common stock;

require that any action to be taken by our stockholders be effected at a duly called annual or special
meeting and not by written consent;

specify that special meetings of our stockholders can be called only by our board of directors, the
Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer or the President;

establish an advance notice procedure for stockholder approvals to be brought before an annual
meeting of our stockholders, including proposed nominations of persons for election to our board of
directors;

establish that our board of directors is divided into three classes, Class I, Class II and Class III, with
each class serving staggered terms;

provide that our directors may be removed only for cause; and

provide that vacancies on our board of directors may be filled only by a majority of directors then in
office, even though less than a quorum.

These provisions may frustrate or prevent any attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current
management by making it more difficult for stockholders to replace members of our board of directors, which is
responsible for appointing the members of our management. Furthermore, our amended and restated bylaws
provide that unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the

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State of Delaware will be the sole and exclusive forum for: (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our
behalf; (ii) any action asserting a breach of fiduciary duty owed by any of our current or former directors, officers
or other employees to us or our stockholders; (iii) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision
of the Delaware General Corporation Law; (iv) any action to interpret, apply, enforce or determine the validity of
our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or our amended and restated bylaws; or (v) any action
asserting a claim against us that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine, subject to the court having personal
jurisdiction over the indispensable parties named as defendants therein. This provision is not intended to apply to
actions arising under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, or any claim for which the federal courts have
exclusive jurisdiction. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of our capital
stock shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to this provision. This exclusive-forum provision may
discourage lawsuits against us or our directors, officers, and employees. In addition, because we are incorporated
in Delaware, we are governed by the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which
limits the ability of stockholders owning in excess of 15% of our outstanding voting stock to merge or combine
with us.

Our large number of authorized but unissued shares of common stock may potentially dilute existing
stockholders’ stockholdings.

We have a significant number of authorized but unissued shares of common stock. Our board of directors

may issue shares of common stock from this authorized but unissued pool from time to time without stockholder
approval, resulting in the dilution of our existing stockholders.

We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.

We have never declared or paid any dividends on our common stock and do not intend to pay any dividends

in the foreseeable future. We anticipate that we will retain all of our future earnings for use in the operation of
our business and for general corporate purposes. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be at the
discretion of our board of directors. Accordingly, investors must rely on sales of their common stock after price
appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize any future gains on their investments.

Risks Related to Our Notes

We may not have the ability to raise the funds necessary to settle conversions of the Notes in cash or to
repurchase the Notes upon a fundamental change, and our future debt may contain limitations on our ability
to pay cash upon conversion or repurchase of the Notes.

In February 2021, we issued $900.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 1.50% Convertible Senior

Notes due 2028, which we refer to as the Notes, The Notes will mature on February 15, 2028, subject to earlier
conversion, redemption or repurchase, including upon a fundamental change. Holders of the Notes will have the
right to require us to repurchase all or a portion of their Notes upon the occurrence of a fundamental change
before the maturity date at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be
repurchased, plus unpaid interest to, but excluding, the maturity date. In addition, upon conversion of the Notes,
unless we elect to deliver solely shares of our common stock to settle such conversion (other than paying cash in
lieu of delivering any fractional share), we will be required to make cash payments in respect of the Notes being
converted. Moreover, we will be required to repay the Notes in cash at their maturity unless earlier converted,
redeemed or repurchased. However, we may not have enough available cash or be able to obtain financing at the
time we are required to make repurchases of Notes surrendered therefor or pay cash with respect to Notes being
converted or at their maturity.

In addition, our ability to repurchase Notes or to pay cash upon conversions of Notes or at their maturity

may be limited by law, regulatory authority or agreements governing our future indebtedness. Our failure to
repurchase Notes at a time when the repurchase is required by the indenture or to pay cash upon conversions of

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Notes or at their maturity as required by the indenture would constitute a default under the indenture. A default
under the indenture or the fundamental change itself could also lead to a default under agreements governing our
future indebtedness. Moreover, the occurrence of a fundamental change under the indenture could constitute an
event of default under any such agreement. If the payment of the related indebtedness were to be accelerated
after any applicable notice or grace periods, we may not have sufficient funds to repay the indebtedness or to pay
cash amounts due upon conversion, upon required repurchase or at maturity of the Notes.

If the Notes are converted, it may adversely affect our financial condition and operating results.

Holders of the Notes are entitled to convert their Notes at any time at their option. If one or more holders
elect to convert their Notes, unless we elect to satisfy our conversion obligation by delivering solely shares of our
common stock (other than paying cash in lieu of delivering any fractional share), we would be required to settle a
portion or all of our conversion obligation in cash, which could adversely affect our liquidity.

General Risk Factors

Unfavorable global economic or political conditions could adversely affect our business, financial condition
or results of operations.

General conditions in the global economy and in the global financial markets could adversely affect our
results of operations, including the potential effects from COVID-19 as discussed above, the overall demand for
nucleic acid sequencing products may be particularly vulnerable to unfavorable economic conditions. A global
financial crisis or a global or regional political disruption could cause extreme volatility in the capital and credit
markets. A severe or prolonged economic downturn or political disruption could result in a variety of risks to our
business, including weakened demand for our products and our ability to raise additional capital when needed on
acceptable terms, if at all. A weak or declining economy or political disruption could also strain our
manufacturers or suppliers, possibly resulting in supply disruption, or cause our customers to delay making
payments for our product and services. Any of the foregoing could harm our business and we cannot anticipate
all of the ways in which the political or economic climate and financial market conditions could adversely impact
our business.

Delivery of our products could be delayed or disrupted by factors beyond our control, and we could lose
customers as a result.

We rely on third-party carriers for the timely delivery of our products. As a result, we are subject to carrier
disruptions and increased costs that are beyond our control. Any failure to deliver products to our customers in a
safe and timely manner may damage our reputation and brand and could cause us to lose customers. If our
relationship with any of these third-party carriers is terminated or impaired or if any of these carriers are unable
to deliver our products, the delivery and acceptance of our products by our customers may be delayed, which
could harm our business and financial results. The failure to deliver our products in a safe and timely manner
may harm our relationship with our customers, increase our costs and otherwise disrupt our operations.

Doing business internationally creates operational and financial risks for our business.

We currently conduct operations in various countries and jurisdictions, and continue to expand to new

international jurisdictions as part of our growth strategy and have experienced an increasing concentration of
sales in certain regions outside the U.S. We sell directly and through distribution partners throughout Europe, the
Asia-Pacific region, Mexico, Brazil, and South Africa and have a significant portion of our sales and customer
support personnel in Europe and the Asia-Pacific region. As a result, we or our distribution partners may be
subject to additional regulations and increased diversion of management time and efforts. Conducting and
launching operations on an international scale requires close coordination of activities across multiple
jurisdictions and time zones and consumes significant management resources. If we fail to coordinate and

40

manage these activities effectively, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially
and adversely affected and failure to comply with laws and regulations applicable to business operations in
foreign jurisdictions may also subject us to significant liabilities and other penalties. International operations
entail a variety of other risks, including, without limitation:

•

•

•

•

•

•

limits to travel as a result of COVID-19

challenges in staffing and managing foreign operations;

potentially longer sales cycles and more time required to engage and educate customers on the benefits
of our platform outside of the United States;

the potential need for localized software and documentation;

reduced protection for intellectual property rights in some countries and practical difficulties of
enforcing intellectual property and contract rights abroad;

restriction on cross-border investment, including enhanced oversight by the Committee on Foreign
Investment in the United States (CFIUS) and substantial restrictions on investment from China;

• U.S. and foreign government trade restrictions, including those which may impose restrictions on the
importation, exportation, re-exportation, sale, shipment or other transfer of programming, technology,
components, and/or services to foreign persons;

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

changes in diplomatic and trade relationships, including new tariffs, trade protection measures, import
or export licensing requirements, trade embargoes and other trade barriers;

tariffs imposed by the U.S. on goods from other countries and tariffs imposed by other countries on
U.S. goods, including the tariffs by the U.S. government on various imports from China, Canada,
Mexico and the EU and by the governments of these jurisdictions on certain U.S. goods, and any other
possible tariffs that may be imposed on products such as ours, the scope and duration of which, if
implemented, remains uncertain;

deterioration of political relations between the U.S. and China, Canada, the U.K. and the EU, which
could have a material adverse effect on our sales and operations in these countries;

changes in social, political and economic conditions or in laws, regulations and policies governing
foreign trade, manufacturing, development and investment both domestically as well as in the other
countries and jurisdictions into which we sell our products, including as a result of the withdrawal of
the United Kingdom from the European Union;

difficulties in obtaining export licenses or in overcoming other trade barriers and restrictions resulting
in delivery delays;

fluctuations in currency exchange rates and the related effect on our results of operations;

increased financial accounting and reporting burdens and complexities;

disruptions to global trade due to disease outbreaks;

potential increases on tariffs or restrictions on trade generally; and

significant taxes or other burdens of complying with a variety of foreign laws and regulations,
including laws and regulations relating to privacy and data protection such as the EU General Data
Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) which took effect in the European Union in 2018.

In conducting our international operations, we are subject to U.S. laws relating to our international

activities, such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as well as foreign laws relating to our activities in
other countries, such as the United Kingdom Bribery Act of 2010. Additionally, the inclusion of one of our
foreign customers on any U.S. Government sanctioned persons list, including but not limited to the U.S.

41

Department of Commerce’s List of Denied Persons and the U.S. Department of Treasury’s List of Specially
Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List, could be material to our earnings. Failure to comply with these
laws may subject us to claims or financial and/or other penalties in the United States and/or foreign countries that
could materially and adversely impact our operations or financial condition. These risks have become
increasingly prevalent as we have expanded our sales into countries that are generally recognized as having a
higher risk of corruption.

We face risks related to the current global economic environment, which could delay or prevent our
customers from purchasing our products, which could in turn harm our business, financial condition and results
of operations. The state of the global economy continues to be uncertain. The current global economic conditions
and uncertain credit markets and concerns regarding the availability of credit pose a risk that could impact
customer demand for our products, as well as our ability to manage normal commercial relationships with our
customers, suppliers and creditors, including financial institutions. If the current global economic environment
deteriorates, our business could be negatively affected.

Moreover, changes in the value of the relevant currencies may affect the cost of certain items required in our

operations. Changes in currency exchange rates may also affect the relative prices at which we are able sell
products in the same market. Our revenue from international customers may be negatively impacted as increases
in the U.S. dollar relative to our international customers’ local currencies could make our products more
expensive, impacting our ability to compete or as a result of financial or other instability in such locations which
could result in decreased sales of our products. Our costs of materials from international suppliers may also
increase as the value of the U.S. dollar decreases relative to their local currency. Foreign policies and actions
regarding currency valuation could result in actions by the United States and other countries to offset the effects
of such fluctuations. Such actions may materially and adversely impact our financial condition and results of
operations.

Violations of complex foreign and U.S. laws and regulations could result in fines and penalties, criminal

sanctions against us, our officers, or our employees, prohibitions on the conduct of our business and on our
ability to offer our products and services in one or more countries, and could also materially affect our brand, our
international growth efforts, our ability to attract and retain employees, our business, and our operating results.
Even if we implement policies or procedures designed to ensure compliance with these laws and regulations,
there can be no assurance that our distribution partners, our employees, contractors, or agents will not violate our
policies and subject us to potential claims or penalties.

If we fail to maintain proper and effective internal controls, our ability to produce accurate financial
statements on a timely basis could be impaired, which would adversely affect our business and our stock price.

Ensuring that we have adequate internal financial and accounting controls and procedures in place to
produce accurate financial statements on a timely basis is a costly and time-consuming effort that needs to be
evaluated frequently. We may in the future discover areas of our internal financial and accounting controls and
procedures that need improvement. Operating as a public company requires sufficient resources within the
accounting and finance functions in order to produce timely financial information, ensure the level of segregation
of duties, and maintain adequate internal control over financial reporting customary for a U.S. public company.

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial

reporting to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of our financial reporting and the preparation
of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
(“U.S. GAAP”). Our management does not expect that our internal control over financial reporting will prevent
or detect all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only
reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. Because of the inherent
limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements
due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within our company
will have been detected.

42

Pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, we perform periodic evaluations of our internal control

over financial reporting. While we have in the past performed this evaluation and concluded that our internal
control over financial reporting was operating effectively, there can be no assurance that in the future material
weaknesses or significant deficiencies will not exist or otherwise be discovered. In addition, if we are unable to
produce accurate financial statements on a timely basis, investors could lose confidence in the reliability of our
financial statements, which could cause the market price of our common stock to decline and make it more
difficult for us to finance our operations and growth.

Our business could be negatively impacted by changes in the United States political environment.

There is significant ongoing uncertainty with respect to potential legislation, regulation and government
policy at the federal level, as well as the state and local levels, such as during this presidential election year. Any
such changes could significantly impact our business as well as the markets in which we compete. Specific
legislative and regulatory proposals discussed during election campaigns and more recently that might materially
impact us include, but are not limited to, changes to spending priorities and potential reductions in research
funding. Uncertainty about U.S. government funding has posed, and may continue to pose, a risk as customers
may choose to postpone or reduce spending in response to actual or anticipated restraints on funding. To the
extent changes in the political environment have a negative impact on us or on our markets, our business, results
of operation and financial condition could be materially and adversely impacted in the future

Disruption of critical information technology systems or material breaches in the security of our systems could
harm our business, customer relations and financial condition.

Information technology (“IT”) helps us to operate efficiently, interface with customers, maintain financial

accuracy and efficiently and accurately produce our financial statements. IT systems are used extensively in
virtually all aspects of our business, including sales forecast, order fulfillment and billing, customer service,
logistics, and management of data from running samples on our products. Our success depends, in part, on the
continued and uninterrupted performance of our IT systems. IT systems may be vulnerable to damage from a
variety of sources, including telecommunications or network failures, power loss, natural disasters, human acts,
computer viruses, computer denial-of-service attacks, unauthorized access to customer or employee data or
company trade secrets, and other attempts to harm our systems. Certain of our systems are not redundant, and our
disaster recovery planning is not sufficient for every eventuality. Despite any precautions we may take, such
problems could result in, among other consequences, disruption of our operations, which could harm our
reputation and financial results.

If we do not allocate and effectively manage the resources necessary to build and sustain the proper IT

infrastructure, we could be subject to transaction errors, processing inefficiencies, loss of customers, business
disruptions or loss of or damage to intellectual property through security breach. If our data management systems
do not effectively collect, store, process and report relevant data for the operation of our business, whether due to
equipment malfunction or constraints, software deficiencies or human error, our ability to effectively plan,
forecast and execute our business plan and comply with applicable laws and regulations will be impaired,
perhaps materially. Any such impairment could materially and adversely affect our reputation, financial
condition, results of operations, cash flows and the timeliness with which we report our internal and external
operating results.

Security breaches and other disruptions could compromise our information and expose us to liability, which
would cause our business and reputation to suffer.

In the ordinary course of our business, we collect and store sensitive data, including intellectual property,
our proprietary business information and that of our customers, suppliers and business partners, and personally
identifiable information of our customers and employees, in our data centers and on our networks. The secure
processing, maintenance and transmission of this information is critical to our operations. Despite our security

43

measures, our IT infrastructure may be vulnerable to attacks by hackers, computer viruses, malicious codes,
unauthorized access attempts, and cyber- or phishing-attacks, or breached or otherwise disrupted due to
employee error, malfeasance, faulty password management or other disruptions. Third parties may attempt to
fraudulently induce employees or other persons into disclosing usernames, passwords or other sensitive
information, which may in turn be used to access our IT systems, commit identity theft or carry out other
unauthorized or illegal activities. Any such breach could compromise our networks and the information stored
there could be accessed, publicly disclosed, lost or stolen. We engage third-party vendors and service providers
to store and otherwise process some of our data, including sensitive and personal information. Our vendors and
service providers may also be the targets of the risks described above, including cyberattacks, malicious
software, phishing schemes, and fraud. Our ability to monitor our vendors and service providers’ data security is
limited, and, in any event, third parties may be able to circumvent those security measures, resulting in the
unauthorized access to, misuse, disclosure, loss or destruction of our data, including sensitive and personal
information , and disruption of our or third-party service providers’ systems. We and our third-party service
providers may face difficulties in identifying, or promptly responding to, potential security breaches and other
instances of unauthorized access to, or disclosure or other loss of, information. Any hacking or other attack on
our or our third-party service providers’ or vendors’ systems, and any unauthorized access to, or disclosure or
other loss of, information suffered by us or our third-party service providers or vendors, or the perception that
any of these have occurred, could result in legal claims or proceedings, loss of intellectual property, liability
under laws that protect the privacy of personal information, negative publicity, disruption of our operations and
damage to our reputation, which could divert our management’s attention from the operation of our business and
materially and adversely affect our business, revenues and competitive position. Moreover, we may need to
increase our efforts to train our personnel to detect and defend against cyber- or phishing-attacks, which are
becoming more sophisticated and frequent, and we may need to implement additional protective measures to
reduce the risk of potential security breaches, which could cause us to incur significant additional expenses.

In addition, our insurance may be insufficient to cover our losses resulting from cyber-attacks, breaches, or
other interruptions, and any incidents may result in loss of, or increased costs of, such insurance. The successful
assertion of one or more large claims against us that exceed available insurance coverage, the occurrence of
changes in our insurance policies, including premium increases or the imposition of large deductible or
co-insurance requirements, or denials of coverage, could have a material adverse effect on our business,
including our financial condition, results of operations and reputation.

We are currently subject to, and may in the future become subject to additional, U.S. federal and state laws
and regulations imposing obligations on how we collect, store and process personal information. Our actual
or perceived failure to comply with such obligations could harm our business. Ensuring compliance with such
laws could also impair our efforts to maintain and expand our future customer base, and thereby decrease our
revenue.

In the ordinary course of our business, we currently, and in the future will, collect, store, transfer, use or
process sensitive data, including personally identifiable information of employees, and intellectual property and
proprietary business information owned or controlled by ourselves and other parties. The secure processing,
storage, maintenance, and transmission of this critical information are vital to our operations and business
strategy. We are, and may increasingly become, subject to various laws and regulations, as well as contractual
obligations, relating to data privacy and security in the jurisdictions in which we operate. The regulatory
environment related to data privacy and security is increasingly rigorous, with new and constantly changing
requirements applicable to our business, and enforcement practices are likely to remain uncertain for the
foreseeable future. These laws and regulations may be interpreted and applied differently over time and from
jurisdiction to jurisdiction, and it is possible that they will be interpreted and applied in ways that may have a
material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

In the United States, various federal and state regulators, including governmental agencies like the
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau and the Federal Trade Commission, have adopted, or are considering

44

adopting, laws and regulations concerning personal information and data security. Certain state laws may be
more stringent or broader in scope, or offer greater individual rights, with respect to personal information than
federal, international or other state laws, and such laws may differ from each other, all of which may complicate
compliance efforts. For example, the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), which increases privacy rights
for California residents and imposes obligations on companies that process their personal information, came into
effect on January 1, 2020. Among other things, the CCPA requires covered companies to provide new
disclosures to California consumers and provide such consumers new data protection and privacy rights,
including the ability to opt-out of certain sales of personal information. The CCPA provides for civil penalties for
violations, as well as a private right of action for certain data breaches that result in the loss of personal
information. This private right of action may increase the likelihood of, and risks associated with, data breach
litigation. In November 2020, California also passed the California Privacy Rights Act, or CPRA, which
significantly expands the CCPA, including by introducing additional obligations such as data minimization and
storage limitations and granting additional rights to consumers, among other. In addition, laws in all 50 U.S.
states require businesses to provide notice to consumers whose personal information has been disclosed as a
result of a data breach. State laws are changing rapidly and there is discussion in the U.S. Congress of a new
comprehensive federal data privacy law to which we would become subject if it is enacted. These and future laws
and regulations may increase our compliance costs and potential liability.

Furthermore, regulations promulgated pursuant to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

of 1996 (HIPAA), establish privacy and security standards that limit the use and disclosure of individually
identifiable health information (known as “protected health information”) and require the implementation of
administrative, physical and technological safeguards to protect the privacy of protected health information and
ensure the confidentiality, integrity and availability of electronic protected health information. Determining
whether protected health information has been handled in compliance with applicable privacy standards and our
contractual obligations can require complex factual and statistical analyses and may be subject to changing
interpretation. Although we take measures to protect sensitive data from unauthorized access, use or disclosure,
our information technology and infrastructure may be vulnerable to attacks by hackers or viruses or breached due
to employee error, malfeasance or other malicious or inadvertent disruptions. Any such breach or interruption
could compromise our networks and the information stored there could be accessed by unauthorized parties,
manipulated, publicly disclosed, lost or stolen. Any such access, breach or other loss of information could result
in legal claims or proceedings, and liability under federal or state laws that protect the privacy of personal
information, such as the HIPAA, the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act
(HITECH), and regulatory penalties. Notice of breaches must be made to affected individuals, the Secretary of
the Department of Health and Human Services, and for extensive breaches, notice may need to be made to the
media or State Attorneys General. Such a notice could harm our reputation and our ability to compete.

We are in the process of evaluating compliance needs, but do not currently have in place formal policies and

procedures related to the storage, collection and processing of information, and have not conducted any internal
or external data privacy audits, to ensure our compliance with all applicable data protection laws and regulations.
Additionally, we do not currently have policies and procedures in place for assessing our third-party vendors’
compliance with applicable data protection laws and regulations. All of these evolving compliance and
operational requirements impose significant costs, such as costs related to organizational changes, implementing
additional protection technologies, training employees and engaging consultants, which are likely to increase
over time. In addition, such requirements may require us to modify our data processing practices and policies,
distract management or divert resources from other initiatives and projects, all of which could have a material
adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. Any failure or perceived
failure by us or our third-party vendors, collaborators, contractors and consultants to comply with any applicable
federal, state or similar foreign laws and regulations relating to data privacy and security, or could result in
damage to our reputation, as well as proceedings or litigation by governmental agencies or other third parties,
including class action privacy litigation in certain jurisdictions, which would subject us to significant fines,
sanctions, awards, penalties or judgments, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business,
financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

45

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

As of December 31, 2020, we lease approximately 180,000 square feet in Menlo Park, California, where we
house our headquarters, and our laboratory, in-house manufacturing, service and support functions. We also lease
a sales office facility in Singapore, and engineering support facilities in Allen, Texas.

We believe that our existing facilities, together with suitable additional or alternative space available on

commercially reasonable terms, will be sufficient to meet our needs.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Please see “Note 6. Commitments and Contingencies,” subsection titled “Legal Proceedings”, in Part II,

Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

46

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER

MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Our common stock is traded on The Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “PACB.”

PART II

Holders of Record

As of January 31, 2021, there were approximately 20 stockholders of record of our common stock, although

we believe that there are a significantly larger number of beneficial owners of our common stock.

Dividend Policy

We have never declared or paid any cash dividend on our common stock and have no present plans to do so.

We intend to retain earnings for use in the operation and expansion of our business.

Performance Graph

The performance graph included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K shall not be deemed “filed” for

purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or
incorporated by reference into any filing of Pacific Biosciences under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or
the Exchange Act, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing.

The following graph shows a comparison from December 31, 2015 through December 31, 2020 of the
cumulative total return for our common stock, the Nasdaq Composite Index and the Nasdaq Biotechnology
Index. Such returns are based on historical results and are not intended to suggest future performance. Data for
The Nasdaq Composite Index and the Nasdaq Biotechnology Index assume reinvestment of dividends.

47

COMPARISON OF 5 YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN*
Among Pacific Biosciences, Inc, the NASDAQ Composite Index and the NASDAQ Biotechnology Index

$300

$250

$200

$150

$100

$50

$0

12/15

12/16

12/17

12/18

12/19

12/20

Pacific Biosciences, Inc

NASDAQ Composite

NASDAQ Biotechnology

*$100 invested on 12/31/15 in stock or index, including reinvestment of dividends.
Fiscal year ending December 31.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

None.

48

ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any future period. The

following selected financial data should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes
included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Year Ended December 31,

2020

2019

2018

2017

2016

Total revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total cost of revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 78,893
46,327

(in thousands except per share amounts)
$ 93,468
$ 78,626
$ 90,891
58,809
53,530
56,315

$ 90,714
46,554

Gross profit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total operating expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

32,566
136,951

34,576
135,121

25,096
126,083

34,659
124,443

44,160
115,404

Operating loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gain from Reverse Termination Fee from

(104,385)

(100,545)

(100,987)

(89,784)

(71,244)

Illumina (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

98,000

—

Gain from Continuation Advances from

Illumina (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

34,000

18,000

—

—

—

—

—

—

Net Income (loss) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 29,403

$ (84,134) $(102,562) $ (92,189) $ (74,375)

Net loss per share:

Net income (loss) per share

Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

$

0.18

0.17

$

$

(0.55) $

(0.76) $

(0.87) $

(0.83)

(0.55) $

(0.76) $

(0.87) $

(0.83)

Weighted average shares outstanding used in
calculating net income (loss) per share

Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

165,187

152,527

135,094

105,682

89,148

Diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

174,970

152,527

135,094

105,682

89,148

2020

2019

2018

2017

2016

As of December 31,

Cash, cash equivalents and investments . . . . . . . . . .
Working capital
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total stockholders’ equity (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 318,814
317,085
413,980
78,489
$ 335,491

$ 49,099
31,893
147,985
93,068
$ 54,917

(in thousands)
$ 102,354
104,775
170,275
56,214
$ 114,061

$ 62,872
72,984
144,084
57,981
$ 86,103

$ 71,978
75,237
137,884
53,216
$ 84,668

(1)

In accordance with the terms of the Merger Agreement, Illumina paid us cash payments (“Continuation
Advances”), of $34.0 million and $18.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019,
respectively, which we reflected as a part of Other income for the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019,
respectively. In addition, as part of the Termination Agreement, Illumina paid us a Reverse Termination Fee
of $98.0 million, which we reflected as a part of other income for the year ended December 31, 2020. Please
see “Note 2. Termination of Merger with Illumina” in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K
for additional information.

(2) For the year ended December 31, 2020, we issued 29.4 million shares of our common stock through our two

underwritten public offerings with an average offering price of $6.40. The total net proceeds to us from the
two offerings, after deducting the underwriting commission and offering expenses, were approximately
$187.2 million. Please see “Note 8. Stockholders’ Equity” in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form
10-K for additional information.

49

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations

together with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included in this Annual Report on
Form 10-K. Some of the information contained in this discussion and analysis or set forth elsewhere in this
Annual Report on Form 10-K, including information with respect to our plans and strategy for our business and
related financing, includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. You should read the
“Risk Factors” section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion of important factors that could
cause actual results to differ materially from the results described in or implied by the forward-looking
statements contained in the following discussion and analysis.

Overview

We design, develop and manufacture sequencing systems to help scientists resolve genetically complex

problems. Based on our novel Single Molecule, Real-Time (SMRT®) sequencing technology, our products
enable: de novo genome assembly to finish genomes in order to more fully identify, annotate and decipher
genomic structures; full-length transcript analysis to improve annotations in reference genomes, characterize
alternatively spliced isoforms in important gene families, and find novel genes; targeted sequencing to more
comprehensively characterize genetic variations; and real-time kinetic information for epigenome
characterization. Our technology provides high accuracy, ultra-long reads, uniform coverage and the ability to
simultaneously detect epigenetic changes. PacBio® sequencing systems, including consumables and software,
provide a simple and fast end-to-end workflow for SMRT sequencing.

Our current products include the Sequel II and Sequel IIe instruments, and SMRT Cell 8M, which when

used together are capable of sequencing up to approximately eight million DNA molecules simultaneously, and
the previous generation Sequel instrument and Sequel SMRT Cell 1M, which, when used together are capable of
sequencing up to approximately one million DNA molecules simultaneously. In October 2020, we launched the
Sequel IIe System, which has increased computational capacity, and is designed to enable customers to generate
PacBio HiFi reads more efficiently.

Our customers and our scientific collaborators have published numerous peer-reviewed articles in journals
including Nature, Science, Cell, PNAS and The New England Journal of Medicine highlighting the power and
applications of SMRT sequencing in projects such as finishing genomes, structural variation discovery, isoform
transcriptome characterization, rare mutation discovery and the identification of chemical modifications of DNA
related to virulence and pathogenicity. Our research and development efforts are focused on developing new
products and further improving our existing products including continuing chemistry and sample preparation
improvements to increase throughput and expand our supported applications. By providing access to genetic
information that was previously inaccessible, we enable scientists to confidently increase their understanding of
biological systems.

Senior Management

Our President and Chief Executive Officer Christian O. Henry was appointed effective September 14, 2020,

succeeding Dr. Michael Hunkapiller who announced his retirement, which was effective at the end of the year
2020. Our Chief Financial Officer Susan G. Kim was appointed effective September 28, 2020, succeeding Susan
K. Barnes who retired on August 7, 2020. Our Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer Eric E. Schaefer was
appointed effective May 26, 2020, and our Chairman of the Board Dr. John F. Milligan was appointed effective
September 14, 2020. On December 31, 2020, the Board of Directors appointed Mark Van Oene to the role of
Chief Operating Officer and designated him as the Company’s principal operating officer, and appointed Peter
Fromen to the role of Chief Commercial Officer, effective in each case upon his commencement of employment
with the Company on January 8, 2021.

50

2021 Strategic Objectives

For 2021, we have outlined three strategic objectives:

• Expand our commercial reach;

• Accelerate our product development pipeline; and

• Drive market leadership in whole-genome clinical sequencing

Expanding our commercial reach includes hiring senior level team members with extensive commercial
experience. From December 2020 through January 2021, we hired a Chief Commercial Officer, a Vice President
of Commercial Operations, a Vice President of Strategic Marketing, a Vice President of Product Marketing, and
a Senior Director of Product Marketing. During 2021, we expect to more than double our number of quota-
carrying field sales personnel from 22 at the end of 2020 to more than double by the end of 2021. In addition, we
plan to expand our commercial support activities and invest in more sales tools. We also intend to invest more
heavily in marketing programs to increase the awareness of our products to a broader number of potential
customers. As a result of these commercial expansion activities, we expect our sales, general, and administrative
expense to increase significantly in 2021 as compared to 2020.

Accelerating our product development pipeline includes significantly expanding our research and

development team in an effort to accelerate the development of multiple new products. In association with the
collaboration we entered into with Invitae Corporation (“Invitae”) in January 2021, as described below, we plan
to develop a new platform with production-scale high-throughput capability, which will be in addition to other
new products we already have in development. In order to develop these multiple products in parallel, we
anticipate hiring over 50 additional people into our Research and Development departments. In addition, we
expect to increase our spending on outside development costs. As a result, we expect our research and
development expense to increase significantly in 2021 as compared to 2020.

We believe that with the capabilities of our SMRT technology, we can be a market leader in whole-genome
clinical sequencing. Leading institutions such as Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Invitae and Stanford University
have adopted the use of our products to study rare and inherited disease. We believe the market opportunity for
clinical sequencing is very large, and could drive significant revenue growth for the company. In an effort to
accelerate this growth, we entered into the collaboration with Invitae, who is a market leader in medical genetic
testing, and has the desire to sequence hundreds of thousands of genomes annually with our technology. We will
continue to pursue additional partnerships to further drive the adoption of whole-genome clinical sequencing.

Cash Position

Cash, cash equivalents and investments, excluding short-term and long-term restricted cash, at

December 31, 2020 totaled $318.8 million, compared to $49.1 million at December 31, 2019. In February 2021,
we issued the 1.50% Convertible Senior Notes due 2028 (the “Notes”) in the aggregate principal amount of
$900.0 million. Please refer to the Liquidity and Capital Resources section below for additional details relating to
the Notes and other financing and cash considerations.

Invitae Collaboration

In January 2021 we entered into a multi-year collaboration with Invitae Corporation, or Invitae, to begin
development of a production-scale high-throughput sequencing platform, or Program Products, leveraging the
power of PacBio’s highly accurate HiFi sequencing to expand Invitae’s whole genome testing capabilities in the
future. In connection with the development of the Program Products, Invitae will provide funds to the Company
equal to certain development costs incurred by the Company. Under the development agreement, we will be
primarily responsible for conducting a development program to develop the Program Products pursuant to a

51

schedule and budget. We will make decisions regarding the development program jointly with Invitae. The
development program is expected to last approximately sixty months, but may be shorter or longer. We have the
right to broadly commercialize Program Products with other customers.

As a benefit of its contribution, Invitae will be entitled to preferred pricing on the Program Products if and

when they are available for commercial sale. Each Program Product will have a preferential pricing period.
During the initial period of preferred pricing for each Program Product, Invitae may purchase the Program
Product at a substantially reduced margin until it has recouped a mutually agreed multiple of its contributed
funds. Subsequently, for up to three years after the initial period of preferred pricing, Invitae has the right to
purchase the Program Product at a price higher than the initial preferred pricing period but within a specified
price range.

We and Invitae may terminate our collaboration if the other party remains in material breach of agreement
following a cure period to remedy the material breach. In addition, our agreement with Invitae includes certain
other circumstances for termination by each party, including circumstances where Invitae may terminate for
delays, IP concerns, change in control, or without cause.

In certain termination circumstances, (i) we will be obligated to refund all or a portion of the development
funds advanced by Invitae and/or (ii) we will owe Invitae a share of the revenue generated from the sale of the
Program Products if and when they are commercialized until such time as Invitae has recouped the funds
provided to us, and in certain circumstances, a mutually agreed-upon return.

We expect to incur significant development costs over the duration of the collaboration, including
$20-25 million expected to be incurred during 2021. The Company is still evaluating the accounting impact of
the agreement, including whether the funding received by the Company from Invitae represents discounts toward
future supplies, funding of development efforts, or a combination of both. There can be no assurances that the
development program will be successful or that the Program Products will become ready for commercial sale.

COVID-19 Update

The COVID-19 pandemic and efforts to control its spread have significantly curtailed the movement of
people, goods, and services worldwide, including in the regions in which we sell our products and services and
conduct our business operations. The financial results for the year ended December 31, 2020 were impacted
negatively as many of our customers in multiple regions around the world shut down operations for various
periods of time in efforts to curb the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. This resulted in lower product revenues
for the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to 2019. A significant number of our customer sites that had
shut down due to COVID-19 have re-opened. In addition, a significant number of customers have delayed
purchases or difficulties obtaining funding for capital expenditures due to the negative impact of the pandemic on
their businesses. This dynamic continues to negatively impact the recognition of revenue related to the sale of our
Sequel and Sequel II/IIe instruments and associate consumables and software. Due to the uncertain scope and
duration of the pandemic, we cannot reasonably estimate the future impact to our operations and financial results.

In response to local stay-at-home orders and in alignment with CDC recommendations, we have limited our

manufacturing and commercial operations based in Menlo Park, California. We will, however, continue to
provide consumables, instruments and support to scientists at government, academic, and commercial labs that
remain open. To aid in containing the spread of COVID-19, we have implemented remote-work options and are
limiting employee travel. We are monitoring this rapidly evolving situation.

Even after the COVID-19 pandemic has subsided, we may continue to experience an adverse impact to our
business as a result of its global economic impact, including any recession that has occurred or may occur in the
future. Specifically, difficult macroeconomic conditions, decreases in discretionary capital spending, increased
and prolonged unemployment or a decline in consumer confidence as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic could

52

have a continuing adverse effect on the demand for some of our products. Such economic disruption could have a
material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and liquidity. The degree of impact of COVID-19
on our business will depend on several factors, such as the duration and the extent of the pandemic, as well as
actions taken by governments, businesses and consumers in response to the pandemic, all of which continue to
evolve and remain uncertain at this time. See the Risk Factors section for further discussion of the possible
impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business.

A discussion of our comparison between 2020 and 2019 is presented below. A discussion of the changes in our
results of operations between the years ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 has been omitted from
this Annual Report on Form 10-K but may be found in Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 2019, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 28, 2020, which is
available free of charge on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov and our corporate website (www.pacb.com).

Results of Operations

Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2020 and 2019

Year Ended December 31,

2020

2019

$ Change

% Change

(in thousands, except percentages)

Revenue:

Product revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Service and other revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 65,424
13,469

$ 77,742
13,149

$ (12,318)
320

Total revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

78,893

90,891

(11,998)

Cost of Revenue:

Cost of product revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cost of service and other revenue . . . . . . . . .

Total cost of revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Gross profit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Operating Expense:

Research and development . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales, general and administrative . . . . . . . . .

35,424
10,903

46,327

32,566

64,152
72,799

44,771
11,544

56,315

34,576

59,630
75,491

Total operating expense . . . . . . . . . . . .

136,951

135,121

Operating loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gain from reverse termination fee from

(104,385)

(100,545)

(9,347)
(641)

(9,988)

(2,010)

4,522
(2,692)

1,830

(3,840)

(16%)
2%

(13%)

(21%)
(6%)

(18%)

(6%)

8%
(4%)

1%

(4%)

Illumina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

98,000

—

98,000

—

Gain from continuation advances from

Illumina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interest expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other income, net

34,000
(267)
2,055

18,000
(2,611)
1,022

16,000
2,344
1,033

Net income (loss)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 29,403

$ (84,134)

$113,537

89%
90%
101%

135%

Revenue

Total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $78.9 million compared to $90.9 million for 2019.

Product revenue for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $65.4 million, compared to $77.7 million for

the year ended December 31, 2019. Product revenue of $65.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2020
consisted of $34.3 million from sales of Sequel, Sequel II and Sequel IIe instruments and $31.1 million from
sales of consumables, compared to total product revenue of $77.7 million for the same period during 2019,

53

consisting of $45.1 million from sales of Sequel and Sequel II instruments and $32.6 million from sales of
consumables. The decrease in instrument sales was primarily attributable to a lower number of instrument
shipments and installations due to COVID-19 as discussed above. The decrease in consumable sales was
primarily attributable to lower utilization of the installed base of instruments during certain periods of 2020 due
to COVID-19 as discussed above. The negative impact of COVID-19 on our customers will likely continue to
adversely impact our revenues during 2021.

Service and other revenue was $13.5 million and $13.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and

2019, respectively, and was primarily derived from product maintenance agreements sold for our installed
instrument base.

Gross Profit

Gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $32.6 million, resulting in a gross margin of 41%

while gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2019 was $34.6 million, resulting in a gross margin of 38%.
Gross margin for the year ended December 31, 2019 was negatively impacted by product transition costs,
including inventory reserves taken in connection with the transition from Sequel to Sequel II.

Cost of product revenue was $35.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to

$44.8 million for 2019. Cost of product revenue decreased by $9.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2020
compared to 2019 primarily resulting from lower product shipments. In addition, during the year ended
December 31, 2019, we incurred product transition costs including an inventory reserve taken in connection with
the transition from Sequel to Sequel II.

Cost of service revenue was $10.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to

$11.5 million for 2019.

Research and Development Expense

Research and development expense for the year ended December 31, 2020 increased by $4.5 million, or 8%,

compared to 2019. The increase in research and development expense was primarily driven by an increase of
$3.4 million in compensation expenses and an increase of $1.7 million of higher product development costs.
Research and development expenses included stock-based compensation expenses of $7.1 million and
$7.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

We expect research and development expenses to increase significantly in 2021, as we intend to hire a
significant number of additional personnel in our research and development departments. We estimate costs
associated with the Invitae collaboration will amount to $20—$25 million during 2021. Stock-based
compensation included in research and development expense is expected to increase significantly in 2021.

Sales, General and Administrative Expense

Sales, general and administrative expense for the year ended December 31, 2020 decreased by $2.7 million,
or 4%, to $72.8 million compared to $75.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. The decrease in sales,
general and administrative expense was primarily attributable to a decrease in professional services of
$6.7 million, primarily resulting from $12.7 million higher acquisition-related legal and professional fees
incurred for the year ended December 31, 2019, partially offset by a $6.0 million merger advisory fee incurred in
the first quarter of 2020; an increase of $2.9 million in salary and bonus expenses for the year ended
December 31, 2020 and an increase of $1.0 million in stock-based compensation as a result of resuming the
Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) in 2020 and higher executive-level stock-based compensation. Sales,
general and administrative expense included stock-based compensation expense of $8.2 million and $6.8 million
during the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

54

We expect sales, general, and administrative expense to increase significantly in 2021, as we added a

number of senior level executives to our commercial organization in early 2021, and we plan to more than double
our number of quota-carrying sales representatives during the year. Stock-based compensation included in sales,
general, and administrative expense is expected to increase significantly in 2021.

Gain from Reverse Termination Fee from Illumina

As part of the Termination Agreement, Illumina paid us a Reverse Termination Fee of $98.0 million in the

first quarter of 2020. Pursuant to the Termination Agreement, in the event that, on or prior to September 30,
2020, we entered into a definitive agreement providing for, or consummated, a Change of Control Transaction,
then we may have been required to repay the Reverse Termination Fee (without interest) to Illumina in
connection with the consummation of such Change of Control Transaction. We deferred the gain from the
Reverse Termination Fee from Illumina until the date when the associated contingency was resolved. On
October 1, 2020, the contingency clauses lapsed and we recorded the $98.0 million as a part of other income.

Gain from Continuation Advances from Illumina

As part of the Termination Agreement, Illumina paid us Continuation Advances of $18.0 million during the

fourth quarter of 2019 and $34.0 million during the first quarter of 2020. We recorded the $34.0 million and
$18.0 million as a part of other income for the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Up to the full $52.0 million of Continuation Advances paid to us are repayable without interest to Illumina

if, within two years of March 31, 2020, we enter into, or consummate a Change of Control Transaction or raise at
least $100 million in a single equity or debt financing (that may have multiple closings), with the amount
repayable dependent on the amount raised by us.

Resulting from the issuance and sale of $900 million of our 1.50% Convertible Senior Notes due 2028,

$52.0 million of Continuation Advances were paid without interest to Illumina in February 2021. Refer to
Note 11. “Subsequent Events” within the Consolidated Financial Statements on Item 8 of this report for
additional details.

Interest Expense

Interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2020 decreased $2.3 million compared to 2019, as the
debt agreement with Deerfield entered into in February 2013 (the “Facility Agreement”) matured in February
2020.

Other Income, Net

The increase in Other income, net was primarily driven by a $1.0 million foreign exchange gain recognized
for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to a $0.1 million foreign exchange loss recognized for the year
ended December 31, 2019.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash, cash equivalents and investments at December 31, 2020 totaled $318.8 million, compared to
$49.1 million at December 31, 2019. The increase was attributable to the proceeds from our public offerings of
common stock completed in August 2020 and November 2020, as well as the Reverse Termination Fee and
Continuation Advances we received from Illumina, partially offset by cash used in operations and a $16.0 million
repayment of debt in the first quarter of 2020. We believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents and
investments will be sufficient to fund our projected operating requirements for at least the next 12 months from
the date of filing of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.

55

As part of the Termination Agreement with Illumina, up to $52.0 million of the Continuation Advances that
we received from Illumina are repayable without interest to Illumina if, within two years of March 31, 2020, we
enter into, or consummate a Change of Control Transaction or raise at least $100 million in a single equity or
debt financing (may have multiple closings), with the amount repayable dependent on the amount raised by us.

On February 9, 2021, we entered into an Investment Agreement with SB Northstar LP (the “Purchaser”), a

subsidiary of SoftBank Group Corp., relating to the issuance and sale to the Purchaser of $900 million in
aggregate principal amount of the Company’s 1.50% Convertible Senior Notes due 2028 (the “Notes”). As a
result of the Notes, $52.0 million of Continuation Advances were paid without interest to Illumina in February
2021. Refer to Note 11. “Subsequent Events” within the Consolidated Financial Statements on Item 8 of this
report for additional details.

Factors that may affect our capital needs include, but are not limited to, the pace of adoption of our products

which affects the sales of our products and services; our ability to obtain new collaboration and customer
arrangements; the progress of our research and development programs; initiation or expansion of research
programs and collaborations; the purchase of patent licenses; future acquisitions; manufacturing costs, service
costs, the impact of product quality, litigation costs, including the costs involved in preparing, filing, prosecuting,
defending and enforcing intellectual property rights; costs of developing new and enhanced products; and other
factors. There can be no assurance that funds will be available on favorable terms, or at all.

Operating Activities

Our primary uses of cash in operating activities are for the development of ongoing product enhancements

and future products, manufacturing, and support functions related to our sales, general and administrative
activities.

In 2020, cash provided by operating activities was $19.5 million, reflecting a net income of $29.4 million,

which include a gain from the Reverse Termination Fee received from Illumina of $98.0 million and a gain from
the Continuation Advances from Illumina of $34.0 million. However, the Continuation Advances are considered
a financing activity and therefore an associated $34.0 million adjustment has been reflected to cash provided by
operating activities. The net income of $29.4 million included non-cash expense items such as stock-based
compensation of $17.5 million and depreciation of $6.4 million. The change in net operating assets and liabilities
was primarily attributed to an increase of $4.1 million in accrued expenses and an increase of $5.0 million in
other liabilities, partially offset by a decrease of $5.1 million in accounts payable.

In 2019, cash used in operating activities was $78.3 million, reflecting a net loss of $84.1 million, adjusted

for non-cash items such as stock-based compensation of $16.4 million and depreciation of $7.3 million. The
change in net operating assets and liabilities was primarily attributed to a decrease of $3.9 million in inventory,
partially offset by an increase of $6.7 million in accounts receivable.

Investing Activities

Our investing activities consist primarily of capital expenditures and investment purchases, sales and

maturities.

In 2020, net cash used in investing activities was $219.3 million, comprised of net purchases of investments

of $218.3 million and purchases of property and equipment of $1.0 million.

In 2019, net cash provided by investing activities was $62.0 million, comprised of net purchase of

investments of $64.8 million and net purchase of property and equipment of $2.8 million.

56

Financing Activities

In 2020, cash provided by financing activities was $251.8 million, comprised of total net proceeds of
$187.5 million from our August 2020 and November 2020 underwritten public equity offerings after deducting
underwriter commissions and paid offering expenses, $34.0 million of Continuation Advances from Illumina and
proceeds of $46.4 million from the issuance of common stock through our equity compensation plans, partially
offset by $16.0 million we repaid for the remaining outstanding principal to Deerfield upon the maturity of the
Facility Agreement.

In 2019, cash provided by financing activities was $26.5 million, comprised of $18.0 million of
Continuation Advances from Illumina and net proceeds of $8.5 million from the issuance of common stock
through our equity compensation plans.

Underwritten Public Equity Offering

In August 2020, we entered into an underwriting agreement, relating to the public offering of 19,430,000
shares of our common stock, $0.001 par value per share, at a price to the public of $4.47 per share. Under the
terms of the underwriting agreement, we also granted the underwriters a 30-day option to purchase up to an
additional 2,914,500 shares of our common stock, which was subsequently exercised in full, and the offering
including the sale of shares of common stock subject to the underwriters’ option, closed in August 2020. In total,
we sold 22.3 million shares of our common stock. We paid a commission equal to 6% of the gross proceeds from
the sale of shares of our common stock. The total net proceeds to us from the offering after deducting the
underwriting discount were approximately $93.9 million, excluding approximately $0.3 million of offering
expenses.

In November 2020, we entered into an underwriting agreement, relating to the public offering of 6,096,112

shares of our common stock, $0.001 par value per share, at a price to the public of $14.25 per share. Under the
terms of the underwriting agreement, we also granted the underwriters a 30-day option to purchase up to an
additional 914,416 shares of our common stock, which was subsequently exercised in full, and the offering
including the sale of shares of common stock subject to the underwriters’ option, closed in November 2020. In
total, we sold 7.0 million shares of our common stock. We paid a commission equal to 6% of the gross proceeds
from the sale of shares of our common stock. The total net proceeds to us from the offering after deducting the
underwriting discount were approximately $93.9 million, excluding approximately $0.3 million of offering
expenses, $0.2 million of which was unpaid as of December 31, 2020.

In total, for the year ended December 31, 2020, we issued 29.4 million shares of our common stock through
our two underwritten public offerings with an average offering price of $6.40. The total net proceeds to us from
the two offerings, after deducting the underwriting commission and offering expenses, were approximately
$187.2 million.

Debt Facility Agreement

In February 2013, we entered into a debt facility agreement with Deerfield, pursuant to which we received

$20.5 million in funding and issued promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $20.5 million. The
promissory notes bore simple interest at a rate of 8.75% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears commencing on
April 1, 2013 and on the first business day of each January, April, July and October thereafter. The debt facility
agreement had a maximum term of seven years. We received net proceeds of $20.0 million, representing
$20.5 million of gross proceeds, less a $500,000 facility fee, before deducting other expenses of the transaction.
On June 23, 2017, pursuant to a partial exercise by the promissory notes holders of their right to elect to receive
up to 25% of the net proceeds from any financing that includes an equity component, we paid $4.5 million of
outstanding principal, together with accrued and unpaid interest, to one of the promissory notes holders with
proceeds from our underwritten public equity offering. As of December 31, 2019, a balance of $16.0 million
aggregate principal amount of debt remained outstanding under this facility and was presented as “Notes payable,
current” on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2019.

57

In February 2020, upon the maturity of the debt, we repaid the remaining outstanding principal of

$16.0 million and interest to Deerfield.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is based upon our
Consolidated Financial Statements, which we have prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of
these financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported
amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, cost of revenue, and operating expenses, and related disclosure of
contingent assets and liabilities. Management based its estimates on historical experience and on various other
assumptions that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for
making judgements about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other
sources. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

An accounting policy is deemed to be critical if it requires an accounting estimate to be made based on

assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain at the time the estimate is made, if different estimates
reasonably could have been used, or if changes in the estimate that are reasonably likely to occur could
materially impact the financial statements.

Revenue Recognition

Our revenue is generated primarily from the sale of products and services. Product revenue primarily

consists of sales of our instruments and related consumables; Service and other revenue consist primarily of
revenue earned from product maintenance agreements.

We account for a contract with a customer when there is a legally enforceable contract between us and the
customer, the rights of the parties are identified, the contract has commercial substance, and collectability of the
contract consideration is probable. Revenues are recognized when control of the promised goods or services is
transferred to our customers or services are performed, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to
be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. Taxes we collect concurrent with revenue-producing
activities are excluded from revenue.

Our instrument sales are generally sold in a bundled arrangement and commonly include the instrument,

instrument accessories, installation, training, and consumables. Additionally, our instrument sale arrangements
generally include a one year period of service. For such bundled arrangements, we account for individual
products and services separately if they are distinct, that is, if a product or service is separately identifiable from
other items in the bundled package and if a customer can benefit from it on its own or with other resources that
are readily available to the customer. Our customers cannot benefit from our instrument systems without
installation, and installation can only be performed by us or qualified distributors. As a result, the system and
installation are considered to be a single performance obligation recognized after installation is completed except
for sales to qualified distributors, in which case the system is distinct and recognized when control has
transferred to the distributor which typically occurs upon shipment.

The consideration for bundled arrangements is allocated between separate performance obligations based on
their individual standalone selling price (“SSP”). The SSP is determined based on observable prices at which we
separately sell the products and services. If a SSP is not directly observable, then we will estimate the SSP by
considering multiple factors including, but not limited to, overall market conditions, including geographic or
regional specific factors, internal costs, profit objectives, pricing practices and other observable inputs.

We recognize revenues as performance obligations are satisfied by transferring control of the product or

service to the customer or over the term of a product maintenance agreement with a customer. Our revenue
arrangements generally do not provide a right of return.

58

Contract liabilities and contract assets—Contract liabilities consist of deferred revenue. We record deferred

revenues when cash payments are received or due in advance of our performance for product maintenance
agreements. Deferred revenue is recognized over the related performance period, generally one year to three
years, on a straight-line basis as we are standing ready to provide services and a time-based measure of progress
best reflects the satisfaction of the performance obligation.

Other practical expedients and exemptions—Customers generally are invoiced upon acceptance of the
system, which is also the start of the one year service period. As such, there is typically not more than a one year
difference between the receipt of cash and the provision of services. Therefore, we apply the practical expedient
and do not account for any potential significant financing benefit. However, it is noted that some customers will
pre-order extended service periods at the time of the initial system sale. These customers may choose to make
quarterly or annual payments or prepay multiple years of service upfront but there is no pricing difference
between these different payment options. As such, no significant financing component is believed to exist with
any of our existing arrangements.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value on a first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) basis. The

cost basis of our inventory is reduced for any products that are considered excessive or obsolete based upon
assumptions about future demand, market conditions and the release of new products that may supersede old
ones. If actual future demand or market conditions are less favorable than those projected by management,
additional inventory write-downs may be required, which could have a material adverse effect on the results of
our operations.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Please see “Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies”, subsection titled “Recent Accounting
Pronouncements”, in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for information regarding applicable
recent accounting pronouncements.

Contractual Obligations, Commitments and Contingencies

The following table provides our future contractual obligations as of December 31, 2020:

Operating lease obligations (1)

. . . . . . . . . . .

$54,054

$7,330

$7,502

$7,704

$7,920

$8,136

$15,462

Total contractual obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$54,054

$7,330

$7,502

$7,704

$7,920

$8,136

$15,462

Payments due by period (in thousands)

Total

2021

2022

2023

2024

2025

After

(1) Maintenance, insurance, taxes and contingent rent obligations are excluded.

Other Purchase Commitments

In addition, we had other purchase commitments of an estimated amount of approximately $18.2 million as
of December 31, 2020, consisting of open purchase orders and contractual obligations in the ordinary course of
business, including commitments with contract manufacturers and suppliers for which we have not received the
goods or services, and acquisition and licensing of intellectual property. A majority of these purchase obligations
are due within a year. Although open purchase orders are considered enforceable and legally binding, the terms
generally allow us the option to cancel, reschedule and adjust our requirements based on our business needs prior
to the delivery of goods or performance of services.

59

License Agreements

Payments related to licensing and other arrangements not included in the contractual obligations table

include amounts related to cancelable license agreements with third parties for certain patent rights and
technology. Under the terms of these agreements, we may be obligated to pay royalties based on revenue from
the sales of licensed products, or minimum royalties, whichever is greater, and license maintenance fees. The
future license maintenance fees and minimum royalty payments under the license agreements are not deemed to
be material.

The table above reflects only payment obligations that are fixed and determinable. Future royalties under

our license agreements are not included in the table above because we cannot, at this time, determine when or if
the events triggering any such payment obligations will occur or the amounts that will become potentially
payable.

Legal Proceedings

Please see Item 3 “Legal Proceedings” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of December 31, 2020, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

In the ordinary course of business, we enter into standard indemnification arrangements. Pursuant to these

arrangements, we indemnify, hold harmless, and agree to reimburse the indemnified parties for losses suffered or
incurred by the indemnified party in connection with any trade secret, copyright, patent or other intellectual
property infringement claim by any third party with respect to its technology, or from claims relating to our
performance or non-performance under a contract, any defective products supplied by us, or any negligent acts or
omissions, or willful misconduct, committed by us or any of our employees, agents or representatives. The term
of these indemnification agreements is generally perpetual after the execution of the agreement. The maximum
potential amount of future payments we could be required to make under these agreements is not determinable
because it involves claims that may be made against us in future periods, but have not yet been made. To date,
we have not incurred costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims related to these indemnification agreements.

We also enter and have entered into indemnification agreements with our directors and officers that may

require us to indemnify them against liabilities that arise by reason of their status or service as directors or
officers, except as prohibited by applicable law. In addition, we may have obligations to hold harmless and
indemnify third parties involved with our fundraising efforts and their respective affiliates, directors, officers,
employees, agents or other representatives against any and all losses, claims, damages and liabilities related to
claims arising against such parties pursuant to the terms of agreements entered into between such third parties
and us in connection with such fundraising efforts. To the extent that such indemnification obligations apply to
the lawsuits described in “Note 6. Commitments and Contingencies” in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on
Form 10-K, any associated expenses incurred are included within the related accrued litigation expense amounts.
No additional liability associated with such indemnification agreements has been recorded at December 31, 2020.

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Interest Rate and Market Risk

Our exposure to market risk is confined to our cash, cash equivalents and our investments. The goals of our
investment policy are preservation of capital, fulfillment of liquidity needs and fiduciary control of cash and cash
equivalents and investments. We also seek to maximize income from our investments without assuming
significant risk. To achieve our goals, we maintain a portfolio of cash equivalents and investments in a variety of
securities of high credit quality. The securities in our investment portfolio are not leveraged, are classified as
available for sale and are, due to their short-term nature, subject to minimal interest rate risk. We currently do not

60

hedge interest rate exposure. Because of the short-term maturities of our investments, we do not believe that an
increase in market rates would have any material negative impact on the value of our investment portfolio.

Foreign Exchange Risk

The majority of our revenue, expense, and capital purchasing activities are transacted in U.S. dollars.
However, a portion of our operations consists of development and sales activities outside of the United States
therefore we have foreign exchange exposures relating to non-U.S. dollar revenue, operating expense, accounts
receivable, accounts payable and currency balances. Our primary exposure is with the Euro. A 10%
strengthening of the U.S. dollar exchange rate against all currencies with which we have exposure, after taking
into account offsetting positions at December 31, 2020 would have resulted in a $0.5 million decrease in the
carrying amounts of those net assets. Actual gains and losses in the future may differ materially from the
hypothetical gains and losses discussed above based on changes in the timing and amount of foreign currency
exchange rate movements and our actual exposure.

Our international operations are subject to risks typical of international operations, including, but not limited

to, differing economic conditions, changes in political climate, differing tax structures, other regulations and
restrictions and foreign exchange rate volatility.

61

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA

PACIFIC BIOSCIENCES OF CALIFORNIA, INC.
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Consolidated Financial Statements
Consolidated Balance Sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Page(s)

63

65
66
67
68
69

62

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of Pacific Biosciences of California, Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Pacific Biosciences of California, Inc.

(the Company) as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the related consolidated statements of operations and
comprehensive income (loss), stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended
December 31, 2020, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In
our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of
the Company at December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the
three years in the period ended December 31, 2020, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting
principles.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to

express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm
registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to
be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the
applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we

plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of
material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged
to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain
an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on
the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such
opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial
statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures
included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements.
Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits
provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the
financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that:
(1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially
challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in
any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by
communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the
accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

63

Description of the Matter

How We Addressed the
Matter in Our Audit

Revenue recognition – Non-standard revenue contracts

As described in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s
instrument is generally sold in a bundled arrangement and commonly includes
the instrument, instrument accessories, installation, one-year period of service,
training, and consumables. The Company enters into non-standard sales
arrangements for which significant discounts may be offered on the different
components of the bundled arrangements and for which historical information
for similar sales may not be available. As part of the Company’s identification of
performance obligations and the resulting determination of the allocation of
contract consideration, the Company considers if these discounts represent a
material right when compared to the estimated standalone selling prices, and
therefore a performance obligation to be included in the allocation of the contract
value. The Company also estimates the standalone selling price of each
performance obligation to determine the allocation of consideration. To estimate
the selling price of each performance obligation, the Company uses historical
sales data, as well as management judgment.

Auditing the Company’s estimated standalone selling price, their determination
of whether there are material rights that represent performance obligations and
the resulting allocation of the contract value for non-standard sales arrangements
is complex and required a higher level of judgment due to the level of estimation
and subjectivity in establishing the standard selling price of each performance
obligation.

We tested the completeness of the identified performance obligations and tested
the accuracy of the allocation of the total contract consideration among the
identified performance obligations. In order to do this, our audit procedures
included, among others, evaluating the accuracy and completeness of the
underlying data used in management’s calculation of the standard selling price
for each performance obligation by agreeing the data to historical transactions
and contract pricing for backlog orders. We tested the identification of
performance obligations and the allocation of contract consideration using the
standard selling price of each performance obligation for a sample of
arrangements by reading the contracts with the customers and evaluating whether
terms of the contracts (including future purchase options) resulted in material
rights. We also performed sensitivity analyses of significant assumptions to
evaluate the changes in revenue recognized for the period under audit that would
result from changes in the Company’s estimated standard selling price for the
performance obligations.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2011.
Redwood City, California
February 26, 2021

64

PACIFIC BIOSCIENCES OF CALIFORNIA, INC.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

Assets
Current assets

December 31,

December 31,

2020

2019

Cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accounts receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inventory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Prepaid expenses and other current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Short-term restricted cash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

Total current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Property and equipment, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net
Long-term restricted cash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other long-term assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

81,611
237,203
16,837
14,230
4,870
836

355,587
24,899
29,951
3,500
43

29,627
19,472
15,266
13,312
3,069
300

81,046
30,070
32,827
4,000
42

Total assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

413,980

$

147,985

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities

Accounts payable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accrued expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Deferred revenue, current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Operating lease liabilities, current
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Notes payable, current
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other liabilities, current

$

Total current liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Deferred revenue, non-current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Operating lease liabilities, non-current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other liabilities, non-current

Total liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

3,579
17,350
8,722
4,332
—
4,519

38,502
1,568
37,667
752

78,489

8,368
13,242
7,610
3,837
15,871
225

49,153
1,951
41,964
—

93,068

Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders’ equity

Preferred stock, $0.001 par value:

Authorized 50,000 shares; No shares issued or outstanding . . . . . . . . . . . .

—

—

Common stock, $0.001 par value:

Authorized 1,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding 192,294 and 153,119
shares at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively . . . .
Additional paid-in capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accumulated other comprehensive income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accumulated deficit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

192
1,372,083
85
(1,036,869)

153
1,120,999
5
(1,066,240)

Total stockholders’ equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

335,491

54,917

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

413,980

$

147,985

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

65

PACIFIC BIOSCIENCES OF CALIFORNIA, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss)

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

Revenue:

Years Ended December 31,

2020

2019

2018

Product revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Service and other revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 65,424
13,469

$ 77,742
13,149

$

Total revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

78,893

90,891

Cost of Revenue:

Cost of product revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cost of service and other revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total cost of revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Gross profit

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Operating Expense:

Research and development
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales, general and administrative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35,424
10,903

46,327

32,566

64,152
72,799

44,771
11,544

56,315

34,576

59,630
75,491

66,355
12,271

78,626

42,053
11,477

53,530

25,096

62,594
63,489

Total operating expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Operating loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gain from Reverse Termination Fee from Illumina . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gain from Continuation Advances from Illumina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interest expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other income, net

136,951
(104,385)
98,000
34,000
(267)
2,055

135,121
(100,545)

126,083
(100,987)

—
18,000
(2,611)
1,022

—
—
(2,423)
848

Net income (loss) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other comprehensive income (loss):

29,403

(84,134)

(102,562)

Unrealized gain (loss) on investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

80

41

(4)

Comprehensive income (loss) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 29,483

$ (84,093)

$ (102,566)

Net income (loss) per share:

Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

$

0.18

0.17

$

$

(0.55)

(0.55)

$

$

(0.76)

(0.76)

Weighted average shares outstanding used in calculating net income

(loss) per share

Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

165,187

152,527

135,094

Diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

174,970

152,527

135,094

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

66

PACIFIC BIOSCIENCES OF CALIFORNIA, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

(in thousands)

Common Stock

Shares

Amount

Additional
Paid-in
Capital

Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)

Accumulated
Deficit

Total
Stockholders’
Equity

Balance at December 31, 2017 . . . . . 116,277 $ 116 $ 965,752
Net loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other comprehensive income (loss)
. .
ASC606 adoption effect . . . . . . . . . . . .
Issuance of common stock in

—
—

—
—

—
—

$(32)
—

(4)

$ (879,733)
(102,562)
—
189

$ 86,103
(102,562)
(4)
189

conjunction with equity plans . . . . .

3,357

4

9,648

—

Issuance of common stock from
Underwritten Public Equity
Offerings, net of issuance costs . . . .
Stock-based compensation expense . . .

30,610
—

Balance at December 31, 2018 . . . . . 150,244
Net loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. .
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Issuance of common stock in

—
—

conjunction with equity plans . . . . .
Stock-based compensation expense . . .

2,875
—

30

—

150
—
—

3

—

97,500
23,153

1,096,053

—
—

8,545
16,401

Balance at December 31, 2019 . . . . . 153,119 $ 153 $1,120,999
Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other comprehensive income (loss)
. .
ASC326 adoption effect . . . . . . . . . . . .
Issuance of common stock in

—
—

—
—

—
—

—
—

(36)
—

41

—
—

$ 5
—

80

conjunction with equity plans . . . . .

9,819

10

46,350

—

Issuance of common stock from
Underwritten Public Equity
Offerings, net of issuance costs . . . .
Stock-based compensation expense . . .

29,356
—

29

—

187,201
17,533

—
—

—

—
—

(982,106)
(84,134)
—

9,652

97,530
23,153

114,061
(84,134)
41

—
—

8,548
16,401

$(1,066,240) $ 54,917
29,403
80
(32)

29,403
—
(32)

—

—
—

46,360

187,230
17,533

Balance at December 31, 2020 . . . . . 192,294 $ 192 $1,372,083

$ 85

(1,036,869) $ 335,491

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

67

PACIFIC BIOSCIENCES OF CALIFORNIA, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income (loss) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities

Years Ended December 31,

2020

2019

2018

$ 29,403

$ (84,134) $(102,562)

Gain from Continuation Advances from Illumina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Amortization of right-of-use assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Amortization of debt discount and financing costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stock-based compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Gain) loss from derivative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Amortization and accretion for investment premium (discount)
. . . . . .
Loss on disposition of equipment
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Changes in assets and liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accounts receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inventory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Prepaid expenses and other assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accounts payable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accrued expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Deferred revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Operating lease liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(34,000)
6,428
2,876
129
17,533
—
(107)
—

(1,603)
(1,096)
(1,063)
(5,072)
4,102
729
(3,802)
5,046

(18,000)
7,265
2,683
1,212
16,401
(16)
(913)
194

(6,671)
3,915
(523)
1,713
2,333
2,134
(3,428)
(2,477)

—
7,215
—
1,024
23,153
(167)
(758)
—

4,838
3,623
(290)
(2,239)
183
33

—
(483)

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities . . . . . . . .

19,503

(78,312)

(66,430)

Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of property and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Purchase of investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales of investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Maturities of investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net cash provided by (used in) in investing activities . . . . . . .

Cash flows from financing activities
Continuation Advances from Illumina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Proceeds from issuance of common stock from equity plans . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Notes payable principal payoff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Proceeds from issuance of common stock from underwritten public equity

(1,039)
(373,283)
1,400
153,600
(219,322)

(2,836)
(57,727)
1,500
121,110
62,047

(1,854)
(122,183)
2,442
83,180
(38,415)

34,000
46,360
(16,000)

18,000
8,548
—

—
9,652
—

offerings, net of issuance costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

187,479

—

97,530

Net cash provided by financing activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period . . . . . .
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period . . . . . . . . . . .

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Restricted cash at end of period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period . . . . . . . . . . .

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Interest paid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities
Inventory transferred to property and equipment
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Property and equipment transferred to inventory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

251,839
52,020
33,927
$ 85,947

81,611
4,336
$ 85,947

26,548
10,283
23,644
$ 33,927

29,627
4,300
$ 33,927

107,182
2,337
21,307
$ 23,644

18,844
4,800
$ 23,644

$

491

$

1,400

$

1,400

1,097
(919)

2,062
(1,536)

1,871
(343)

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

68

PACIFIC BIOSCIENCES OF CALIFORNIA, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 1. OVERVIEW

We design, develop and manufacture sequencing systems to help scientists resolve genetically complex

problems. Based on our novel Single Molecule, Real-Time (SMRT®) sequencing technology, our products
enable: de novo genome assembly to finish genomes in order to more fully identify, annotate and decipher
genomic structures; full-length transcript analysis to improve annotations in reference genomes, characterize
alternatively spliced isoforms in important gene families, and find novel genes; targeted sequencing to more
comprehensively characterize genetic variations; and real-time kinetic information for epigenome
characterization. Our technology provides high accuracy, ultra-long reads, uniform coverage and the ability to
simultaneously detect epigenetic changes. PacBio® sequencing systems, including associated consumables and
software, provide a simple and fast end-to-end workflow for SMRT sequencing.

Our current products include the Sequel II and Sequel IIe instruments and SMRT Cell 8M, which when used

together are capable of sequencing up to approximately eight million DNA molecules simultaneously, and the
previous generation Sequel instrument and Sequel SMRT Cell 1M, which when used together are capable of
sequencing up to approximately one million DNA molecules simultaneously. In October 2020, we launched the
Sequel IIe System, which has increased computational capacity, and is designed to enable customers to generate
PacBio HiFi reads more efficiently.

Our research and development efforts are focused on developing new products and further improving our
existing products including continuing chemistry and sample preparation improvements to increase throughput
and expand our supported applications. By providing access to genetic information that was previously
inaccessible, we enable scientists to confidently increase their understanding of biological systems.

The names “Pacific Biosciences,” “PacBio,” “SMRT,” “SMRTbell,” “Sequel” and our logo are our

trademarks.

NOTE 2. TERMINATION OF MERGER WITH ILLUMINA

On November 1, 2018, we entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (as amended, the “Merger

Agreement”) with Illumina, Inc. (“Illumina”) and FC Ops Corp., a wholly owned subsidiary of Illumina
(“Merger Subsidiary”). On January 2, 2020, we, Illumina and Merger Subsidiary, entered into an agreement to
terminate the Merger Agreement (the “Termination Agreement”).

Continuation Advances from Illumina

As part of the Termination Agreement, Illumina paid us cash payments (“Continuation Advances”), of
$18.0 million during the fourth quarter of 2019 and $34.0 million during the first quarter of 2020. We recorded
the $34.0 million and $18.0 million as a part of other income in the consolidated statements of operations and
comprehensive income (loss) for the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Please refer to “Note
4. Financial Instruments” for the accounting treatment of the Continuation Advances.

Up to the full $52.0 million of Continuation Advances paid to us are repayable without interest to Illumina

if, within two years of March 31, 2020, we enter into, or consummate a Change of Control Transaction or raise at
least $100 million in a single equity or debt financing (that may have multiple closings), with the amount
repayable dependent on the amount raised by us.

Resulting from the issuance and sale of $900 million of 1.50% Convertible Senior Notes due February 15,
2028, $52.0 million of Continuation Advances were paid without interest to Illumina in February 2021. Please
see “Note 11. Subsequent Events” for additional information.

69

Reverse Termination Fee from Illumina

As part of the Termination Agreement, Illumina paid us a $98.0 million termination fee (“Reverse

Termination Fee”), from which we paid our financial advisor associated fees of $6.0 million in April 2020. We
recorded the $6.0 million of associated fees we paid to our financial advisor in the “Sales, general and
administrative” expense line in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for
the year ended December 31, 2020.

Pursuant to the Termination Agreement, in the event that, on or prior to September 30, 2020, we entered
into a definitive agreement providing for, or consummated, a Change of Control Transaction, then we may have
been required to repay the Reverse Termination Fee (without interest) to Illumina in connection with the
consummation of such Change of Control Transaction. If such Change of Control Transaction was not
consummated by the two year anniversary of the execution of the definitive agreement for such Change of
Control Transaction, then we would not have been required to repay the Reverse Termination Fee. As indicated
in ASC 450, Contingencies, a gain contingency usually is not recognized in the financial statements until the
period in which all contingencies are resolved and the gain is realizable. As such, we deferred the gain from the
Reverse Termination Fee from Illumina until the date when the associated contingency lapsed. On October 1,
2020, the contingency clauses lapsed and we recorded the $98.0 million as a part of other income in the
consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the year ended December 31, 2020.

NOTE 3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation and Consolidation

Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles

generally accepted in the United States, or U.S. GAAP, as set forth in the Financial Accounting Standards Board,
or FASB, Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC. The consolidated financial statements include the
accounts of Pacific Biosciences and our wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances
have been eliminated. Translation adjustments resulting from translating foreign subsidiaries’ results of
operations and assets and liabilities into U.S. dollars are immaterial for all periods presented.

COVID-19

We are subject to risks and uncertainties as a result of the novel coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). The
extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business is highly uncertain as responses to the pandemic
can change quickly and information is rapidly evolving. We considered the impact of COVID-19 on the
assumptions and estimates used to determine the results reported and asset valuations as of December 31, 2020.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and

assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes to the financial
statements. Our estimates include, but are not limited to, the valuation of inventory, the determination of stand-
alone selling prices for revenue recognition, the valuation of a financing derivative and long-term notes, the
probability of repaying the Continuation Advances and Reverse Termination Fee to Illumina, the valuation and
recognition of share-based compensation, the expected renewal period for service contracts to derive the
amortization period for capitalized commissions, the useful lives assigned to long-lived assets, the recognition
and measurement of current and deferred income tax assets, along with the assessment of recoverability and the
determination of the internal borrowing rate used in calculating the operating lease right-of-use assets and
operating lease liabilities. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates.

70

Reclassifications

Certain prior year amounts in the consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the

current year presentation with no effect on previously reported net loss, comprehensive loss, cash flows or
stockholders’ equity.

Accounting Changes

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued Accounting Standards Update, or

ASU, 2016-13 Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial
Instruments (“Topic 326”), which replaces existing incurred loss impairment guidance and establishes a single
allowance framework for financial assets carried at amortized cost. We adopted Topic 326 on January 1, 2020,
using a modified retrospective transition method, which requires a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening
balance of retained earnings/accumulated deficit to be recognized on the date of adoption with prior periods not
restated. The adoption of Topic 326 did not have a material impact on our financial statements and our bad debt
expense was immaterial as of December 31, 2020.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments

We consider all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be

cash equivalents. We have designated all investments as available-for-sale and therefore, such investments are
reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income
(loss) (“OCI”) in stockholders’ equity. The cost of marketable securities is adjusted for the amortization of
premiums and discounts to expected maturity. Premium and discount amortization is included in other income,
net. Realized gains and losses, as well as interest income, on available-for-sale securities are also included in
other income, net. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method. We include all of our
available-for-sale securities in current assets.

Our investment portfolio at any point in time contains investments in cash deposits, money market funds,
commercial paper, corporate debt securities and US government and agency securities with high credit ratings.
We have established guidelines regarding diversification of its investments and their maturities with the
objectives of maintaining safety and liquidity, while maximizing yield.

Concentration and Credit Risks

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to credit risk consist principally of interest-bearing
investments and trade receivables. We maintain cash, cash equivalents and investments with various major
financial institutions. The counterparties to the agreements relating to our investment securities consist of various
major corporations, financial institutions, municipalities and government agencies of high credit standing.

We perform periodic evaluations of the relative credit standing of these financial institutions. In addition,

we perform periodic evaluations of the relative credit quality of its investments. All of our investments are
subject to a periodic impairment review. We recognize an impairment charge when a decline in the fair value of
our investments below the cost basis is judged to be other-than-temporary. Factors considered in determining
whether a loss is temporary include the length of time and the extent to which an investment’s fair value has been
less than its cost basis, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the investee, the extent of the loss
related to credit of the issuer, the expected cash flows from the security, our intent to sell the security and
whether or not we will be required to sell the security before the recovery of its amortized cost. For the years
ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, we did not have any impairment charges on our investments as it is
more likely than not that we will recover their amortized cost basis upon sale or maturity.

Our trade receivables are derived from net revenue to customers and distributors located in the United States

and other countries. We perform credit evaluations of our customers’ financial condition and, generally, require

71

no collateral from our customers. The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on our assessment of the
collectability of customer accounts. We regularly review our trade receivable including consideration of factors
such as historical experience, the age of the accounts receivable balances, customer creditworthiness, customer
industry, and current and forecasted economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay. We have
not experienced any significant credit losses to date.

Although we have historically not experienced significant credit losses, our exposure to credit losses may

increase if our customers are adversely affected by changes in economic pressures or uncertainty associated with
local or global economic recessions, disruption associated with the current COVID-19 pandemic, or other
customer-specific factors.

For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, one customer, Gene Company Limited, accounted

for approximately 14%, 17% and 26% our total revenue, respectively.

As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, 43% and 55% of our accounts receivable were from domestic

customers, respectively. As of December 31, 2020, two customers, Berry Genomics Co., Ltd and Gene Company
Limited, represented approximately 15% and 12% of our net accounts receivable, respectively. As of
December 31, 2019, customer, Gene Company Limited, represented approximately 11% of our net accounts
receivable.

We currently purchase several key parts and components used in the manufacture of our products from a

limited number of suppliers. Generally, we have been able to obtain an adequate supply of such parts and
components. However, an extended interruption in the supply of parts and components currently obtained from
our suppliers could adversely affect our business and consolidated financial statements.

Inventory

Inventories are stated at the lower of average cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using the
first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) method. Adjustments to reduce the cost of inventory to its net realizable value, if
required, are made for estimated excess or obsolete balances. Cost includes depreciation, labor, material, and
overhead costs, including product and process technology costs while determining net realizable value of
inventories involves numerous judgements, including projecting future average selling prices, sales volumes, and
costs to complete products in work in process inventories.

We enter into inventory purchases and commitments so that we can meet future shipment schedules based

on forecasted demand for our products. The business environment in which we operate is subject to rapid
changes in technology and customer demand. We perform a detailed assessment of inventory each period, which
includes a review of, among other factors, demand requirements, product life cycle and development plans,
component cost trends, product pricing, product expiration, and quality issues. Based on our analysis, we record
adjustments to inventory for potentially excess, obsolete, or impaired goods, when appropriate, in order to report
inventory at net realizable value. Inventory adjustments may be required if actual demand, component costs,
supplier arrangements, or product life cycles differ from our estimates. Any such adjustments would result in a
charge to our results of operations.

Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and any impairment charges.
Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset, generally two
years to three years for computer equipment, three years to five years for software, three years to seven years for
furniture and fixtures and three years to five years for lab equipment. Leasehold improvements are depreciated
over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the related asset. Major improvements are
capitalized, while maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred.

72

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

We periodically review property and equipment for impairment whenever events or changes in

circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset is impaired or the estimated useful lives are no longer
appropriate. Fair value is estimated based on discounted future cash flows. If indicators of impairment exist and
the undiscounted projected cash flows associated with such assets are less than the carrying amount of the asset,
an impairment loss is recorded to write the asset down to its estimated fair value. To date, we have not recorded
any impairment charges.

Operating Leases

We lease administrative, manufacturing and laboratory facilities under operating leases. Lease agreements
may include rent holidays, rent escalation clauses and tenant improvement allowances. We recognize scheduled
rent increases on a straight-line basis over the lease term beginning with the date we take possession of the leased
space. Leasehold improvements are capitalized at cost and depreciated over the shorter of their expected useful
life or the life of the lease. On January 1, 2019, we adopted ASC 842, which requires the recognition of the
right-of-use assets and related operating and finance lease liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. Operating
lease assets and liabilities are reflected within “Operating lease right-of-use assets, net”, “Operating lease
liabilities, current” and “Operating lease liabilities, non-current” on the consolidated balance sheets. These assets
and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of remaining minimum lease
payments over the lease term using our estimated secured incremental borrowing rates at the effective date of
January 1, 2019.

Leases with terms of 12 months or less are expensed on a straight-line basis over the term and are not

recorded in the consolidated balance sheets.

Short-term Restricted Cash

At December 31, 2020 the short-term restricted cash balance of $0.8 million was comprised of $0.5 million

of a customer deposit and $0.3 million of the security deposit for the credit cards for employees.

Long-term Restricted Cash

Under the lease agreement for our corporate offices, we were required to establish a letter of credit for the

benefits of the landlord and to submit $4.5 million as a deposit for the letter of credit in October 2015.
Subsequently pursuant to the terms of the O’Brien Lease, on May 1, 2019 the $4.5 million in restricted cash was
reduced to $4.0 million and on May 1, 2020 the $4.0 million in restricted cash was reduced to $3.5 million.

Revenue Recognition

Our revenue is generated primarily from the sale of products and services. Product revenue primarily

consists of sales of our instruments and related consumables; service and other revenue primarily consists of
revenue earned from product maintenance agreements.

We account for a contract with a customer when there is a legally enforceable contract between us and the
customer, the rights of the parties are identified, the contract has commercial substance, and collectability of the
contract consideration is probable. Revenues are recognized when control of the promised goods or services is
transferred to our customers or services are performed, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to
be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. Taxes we collect concurrent with revenue-producing
activities are excluded from revenue.

Our instrument sales are generally sold in a bundled arrangement and commonly include the instrument,

instrument accessories, installation, training, and consumables. Additionally, our instrument sale arrangements

73

generally include a one year period of service. For such bundled arrangements, we account for individual
products and services separately if they are distinct, that is, if a product or service is separately identifiable from
other items in the bundled package and if a customer can benefit from it on its own or with other resources that
are readily available to the customer. Our customers cannot benefit from our instrument systems without
installation, and installation can only be performed by us or qualified distributors. As a result, the system and
installation are considered to be a single performance obligation recognized after installation is completed except
for sales to qualified distributors, in which case the system is distinct and recognized when control has
transferred to the distributor which typically occurs upon shipment.

The consideration for bundled arrangements is allocated between separate performance obligations based on
their individual standalone selling price (“SSP”). The SSP is determined based on observable prices at which we
separately sell the products and services. If a SSP is not directly observable, then we will estimate the SSP by
considering multiple factors including, but not limited to, overall market conditions, including geographic or
regional specific factors, internal costs, profit objectives, pricing practices and other observable inputs.

We recognize revenues as performance obligations are satisfied by transferring control of the product or

service to the customer or over the term of a product maintenance agreement with a customer. Our revenue
arrangements generally do not provide a right of return.

Contract liabilities and contract assets - Contract liabilities consist of deferred revenue. We record deferred

revenues when cash payments are received or due in advance of our performance for product maintenance
agreements. Deferred revenue is recognized over the related performance period, generally one year to three
years, on a straight-line basis as we are standing ready to provide services and a time-based measure of progress
best reflects the satisfaction of the performance obligation.

Other practical expedients and exemptions - Customers generally are invoiced upon acceptance of the
system, which is also the start of the one year service period. As such, there is typically not more than a one year
difference between the receipt of cash and the provision of services. Therefore, we apply the practical expedient
and do not account for any potential significant financing benefit. However, it is noted that some customers
will pre-order extended service periods at the time of the initial system sale. These customers may choose to
make quarterly or annual payments or prepay multiple years of service upfront but there is no pricing difference
between these different payment options. As such, no significant financing component is believed to exist with
any of our existing arrangements.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue reflects the direct cost of product components, third-party manufacturing services and our

internal manufacturing overhead and customer service infrastructure costs incurred to produce, deliver, maintain
and support our instruments, consumables, and services. There are no incremental costs associated with our
contractual revenue; all product development costs are reflected in research and development expense.

Manufacturing overhead is predominantly comprised of labor and facility costs. We determine and

capitalize manufacturing overhead into inventory based on a standard cost model that approximates actual costs.

Service costs include the direct costs of components used in support, repair and maintenance of customer
instruments as well as the cost of personnel, materials, shipping and support infrastructure necessary to support
our installed customer base.

Research and Development

Research and development expense consists primarily of expenses for personnel engaged in the
development of our SMRT Sequencing technology, the design and development of our future products and

74

current product enhancements. These expenses also include prototype-related expenditures, development
equipment and supplies, facilities costs and other related overhead. We expense research and development costs
during the period in which the costs are incurred. However, we defer and capitalize non-refundable advance
payments made for research and development activities until the related goods are received or the related services
are rendered.

Credit Losses

We adopted Topic 326 on January 1, 2020. The adoption of Topic 326 did not have a material impact on our

financial statements and our bad debt expense was immaterial as of December 31, 2020.

Trade accounts receivable - The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on our assessment of the

collectability of customer accounts. We regularly review the allowance by considering factors such as the age of
the accounts receivable balances, customer creditworthiness, customer industry, and current and forecasted
economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay.

Available-for-sale debt securities - Our investment portfolio at any point in time contains investments in
cash deposits, money market funds, commercial paper, corporate debt securities and US government and agency
securities. We regularly review the securities in an unrealized loss position and evaluate the current expected
credit loss by considering factors such as significance of loss, historical experience, market data, issuer-specific
factors, and current economic conditions and concluded that an allowance for credit losses was not required as of
December 31, 2020.

Although we have historically not experienced significant credit losses, our exposure to credit losses may

increase if our customers are adversely affected by changes in economic pressures or uncertainty associated with
local or global economic recessions, disruption associated with the current COVID-19 pandemic, or other
customer-specific factors.

Income Taxes

We account for income taxes under the asset and liability method, which requires, among other things, that

deferred income taxes be provided for temporary differences between the tax bases of our assets and liabilities
and the amounts reported in the financial statements. In addition, deferred tax assets are recorded for the future
benefit of utilizing net operating losses and research and development credit carryforwards. A full valuation
allowance is provided against our net deferred tax assets as it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets
will not be fully realized.

We review our positions taken relative to income taxes. To the extent our tax positions are more likely than

not going to result in additional taxes, we would accrue the estimated amount of tax related to such uncertain
positions.

Stock-based Compensation

We account for share-based payments using a fair-value based method for costs related to all share-based
payments, including stock options, restricted stock units, and stock issued under our employee stock purchase
plan (“ESPP”). We estimate the fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option-
pricing model. See Note 8 for further information regarding stock-based compensation.

Other Comprehensive Income (loss)

Other comprehensive income (loss) is comprised of unrealized gains (losses) on our investment securities.

75

Shipping and Handling

Costs related to shipping and handling are included in cost of revenues for all periods presented.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options

(Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40):
Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity. This guidance simplifies the
accounting for convertible instruments primarily by eliminating the existing cash conversion and beneficial
conversion models within Subtopic 470-20, which will result in fewer embedded conversion options being
accounted for separately from the debt host. The guidance also amends and simplifies the calculation of earnings
per share relating to convertible instruments. This guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after
December 15, 2021, including interim periods within that reporting period, excluding smaller reporting
companies. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020,
including interim periods within that reporting period, using either a full or modified retrospective approach. We
are currently evaluating the impact of the provisions of this guidance on our consolidated financial statements.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the
Accounting for Income Taxes. This ASU simplifies the accounting for income taxes by clarifying and amending
existing guidance related to the recognition of franchise tax, the evaluation of a step up in the tax basis of
goodwill, and the effects of enacted changes in tax laws or rates in the effective tax rate computation, among
other clarifications. The standard will be effective for our annual reporting periods beginning after December 15,
2020, including interim reporting periods within those fiscal years. We have evaluated the effect that this
guidance will have on our Consolidated Financial Statements and determined it will not have a material impact.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued Accounting Standards Update, or

ASU, 2016-13 Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial
Instruments (“Topic 326”), which replaces existing incurred loss impairment guidance and establishes a single
allowance framework for financial assets carried at amortized cost. We adopted Topic 326 on January 1, 2020,
using a modified retrospective transition method, which requires a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening
balance of retained earnings/accumulated deficit to be recognized on the date of adoption with prior periods not
restated. The adoption of Topic 326 did not have a material impact on our financial statements and our bad debt
expense was immaterial as of December 31, 2020.

NOTE 4. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The fair value hierarchy established under U.S. GAAP requires an entity to maximize the use of observable

inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The three levels of inputs that
may be used to measure fair value are as follows:

• Level 1: quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

• Level 2: inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted

prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or
liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by
observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities; and

• Level 3: unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to

the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

76

We consider an active market as one in which transactions for the asset or liability occurs with sufficient

frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis. Conversely, we view an inactive
market as one in which there are few transactions for the asset or liability, the prices are not current, or price
quotations vary substantially either over time or among market makers. Where appropriate, our non-performance
risk, or that of our counterparty, is considered in determining the fair values of liabilities and assets, respectively.

We classify our cash deposits and money market funds within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy because
they are valued using bank balances or quoted market prices. We classify our investments as Level 2 instruments
based on market pricing and other observable inputs. We did not classify any of our investments within Level 3
of the fair value hierarchy.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level input
that is significant to the fair value measurement. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the
entire fair value measurement requires management to make judgments and consider factors specific to the asset
or liability.

The carrying amount of our accounts receivable, prepaid expenses, other current assets, accounts payable,

accrued expenses and other liabilities, current, approximate fair value due to their short maturities.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following table sets forth the fair value of our financial assets and liabilities that were measured on a

recurring basis as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively (in thousands):

December 31, 2020

December 31, 2019

(in thousands)

Level 1

Level 2 Level 3

Total

Level 1

Level 2 Level 3

Total

Assets
Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash and money market funds . . . . . . . . $43,040 $ — $— $ 43,040 $18,644 $ — $— $18,644
— 10,983 — 10,983
— 32,537 —
Commercial paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
—
— —
—
170 —
—
U.S. government & agency securities . . .
—
— —
—
5,864 —
—
U.S. Treasury security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

32,537
170
5,864

Total cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . .
Investments:
Commercial paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Corporate debt securities . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. government & agency securities . . .

43,040

38,571 —

81,611

18,644

10,983 — 29,627

— 112,644 — 112,644
— 17,456 —
17,456
— 107,103 — 107,103

— 16,971 — 16,971
2,501
—
—
—

2,501 —
— —

Total investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

— 237,203 — 237,203

— 19,472 — 19,472

Short-term restricted cash:
Cash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Long-term restricted cash:
Cash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

836

— —

836

300

— —

300

3,500

— —

3,500

4,000

— —

4,000

Total assets measured at fair value . . . . . $47,376 $275,774 $— $323,150 $22,944 $30,455 $— $53,399

Liabilities
Financing Derivative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ — $ — $— $ — $ — $ — $— $ —
—
Continuation Advances . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

— —

— —

—

—

—

Total liabilities measured at fair value . . $ — $ — $— $ — $ — $ — $— $ —

77

Estimated fair value of the Financing Derivative liability

The estimated fair value of the Financing Derivative liability (as defined in the “Notes payable, current”

section in “Note 5. Balance Sheet Components”) was determined using Level 3 inputs, or significant
unobservable inputs. Changes to the estimated fair value of the Financing Derivative are recorded in “Other
income, net” in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

The estimated fair value of the Financing Derivative was determined by comparing the difference between
the fair value of the promissory notes from the debt facility that we entered into during the first quarter of 2013
with and without the Financing Derivative by calculating the respective present values from future cash flows
using a 6.5% discount rate at December 31, 2019. The estimated fair value of the Financing Derivative as of
December 31, 2019 was $0.

In February 2020, upon maturity of the promissory notes, the Financing Derivative was extinguished. Refer

to the “Notes payable, current” section in “Note 5. Balance Sheet Components” for a detailed description and
valuation approach.

Estimated fair value of the Continuation Advances liability

In accordance with the terms of the Merger Agreement, we received Continuation Advances of

$34.0 million and $18.0 million from Illumina during the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

We determined that the Continuation Advances, which are subject to repayment under certain circumstances

as discussed below, constitute a financial liability.

The fair value option was elected for the financial liability because management believes that among all
measurement methods allowed by Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, 825, Financial Instruments, the
fair value option would most fairly represent the value of such a financial liability. Management applied the
income approach to estimate the fair value of this financial liability. The estimated fair value of the liability
related to the Continuation Advances was determined using Level 3 inputs, or significant unobservable inputs.
Management estimated that there would be no future cash outflows associated with this financial instrument
because the probabilities of either of the following events occurring and requiring repayment to Illumina were
evaluated as being remote as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

• we enter into a Change of Control Transaction within two years following March 31, 2020; or

• we raise $100 million or more in a single equity or debt financing (that may have multiple closings)

within two years following March 31, 2020.

As a result, the estimated fair value of the liability associated with the contingent repayment of the

Continuation Advances received was assessed to be zero as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, with a
resulting non-operating gain of $34.0 million and $18.0 million recorded as “Gain from Continuation Advances
from Illumina” for the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

For the year ended December 31, 2020, there were no transfers between Level 1, Level 2, or Level 3 assets
or liabilities reported at fair value on a recurring basis and our valuation techniques did not change compared to
the prior year.

78

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments

The following table summarizes our cash, cash equivalents and investments as of December 31, 2020 and

2019 (in thousands):

As of December 31, 2020

Amortized
Cost

Gross
unrealized
gains

Gross
unrealized
losses

Fair
Value

Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash and money market funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 43,040
Commercial paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. government & agency securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. Treasury security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$—
32,538 —
170 —
5,864 —

(1)

$— $ 43,040
32,537
170
5,864

—
—

Total cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

81,612 —

(1)

81,611

Investments:
Commercial paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Corporate debt securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. government & agency securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

112,648
17,360
107,109

4
96
6

(8)

—
(12)

112,644
17,456
107,103

Total investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

237,117
Total cash, cash equivalents and investments . . . . . $318,729

106
$106

(20)
$ (21)

237,203
$318,814

Short-term restricted cash:
Cash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $

Long-term restricted cash:
Cash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $

836

$—

$— $

836

3,500

$—

$— $

3,500

As of December 31, 2019

Amortized
Cost

Gross
unrealized
gains

Gross
unrealized
losses

Fair
Value

Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash and money market funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 18,644
Commercial paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$—
10,983 —

$— $ 18,644
10,983
—

Total cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

29,627 —

—

29,627

Investments:
Commercial paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Corporate debt securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16,971
2,496

Total investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19,467
Total cash, cash equivalents and investments . . . . . $ 49,094

$

1
5

6
6

(1)

—

16,971
2,501

(1)
$ (1)

19,472
$ 49,099

Short-term restricted cash:
Cash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $

Long-term restricted cash:
Cash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $

300

$—

$— $

300

4,000

$—

$— $

4,000

79

The following table summarizes the contractual maturities of our cash equivalents and available-for-sale

investments, excluding money market funds, as of December 31, 2020:

Due in one year or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Due after one year through 5 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fair Value

$255,207
20,567

Total investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$275,774

Our marketable debt investments are classified as current based on the nature of the investments and their

availability for use in current operations.

Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay

obligations without call or prepayment penalties.

NOTE 5. BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS

Inventory

As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, our inventory consisted of the following components:

(in thousands)

Purchased materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Work in process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finished goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Inventory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

December 31,

December 31,

2020

$ 3,531
6,651
4,048

$14,230

2019

$ 3,966
4,594
4,752

$13,312

Property and Equipment, Net

As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, our property and equipment, net, consisted of the following

components:

(in thousands)

December 31,

2020

2019

Laboratory equipment and machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leasehold improvements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer equipment
Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furniture and fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction in progress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 24,948
29,931
12,400
4,940
2,434
137

$ 25,173
29,902
11,851
4,747
2,422
193

Less: Accumulated depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

74,790
(49,891)

74,288
(44,218)

Property and equipment, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 24,899

$ 30,070

Depreciation expense during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 was $6.4 million,

$7.3 million and $7.2 million, respectively.

80

Accrued Expenses

As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, our accrued expenses consisted of the following components:

(in thousands)

Salaries and benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accrued product development costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accrued Tenant Improvements for Menlo Park building . . .
Inventory accrual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accrued professional services and legal fees . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

December 31,

2020

2019

$15,261
415
—
218
726
730

$ 9,748
67
998
229
943
1,257

Accrued expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$17,350

$13,242

Deferred Revenue

As of December 31, 2020, we had a total of $10.3 million of deferred revenue from our service contracts,
$8.7 million of which was recorded as “Deferred revenue, current” to be recognized over the next year and the
remaining $1.6 million was recorded as “Deferred revenue, non-current” to be recognized in the next 3 years.
Revenue recorded in the year ended December 31, 2020 includes $7.6 million, respectively, of previously
deferred revenue that was included in “Deferred revenue, current” as of December 31, 2019. Contract assets as
of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were not material.

As of December 31, 2020, we had a total of $0.7 million of deferred commissions included in “Prepaid

expenses and other current assets” which is recognized as the related revenue is recognized. Additionally, as a
practical expedient, we expense costs to obtain a contract as incurred if the amortization period would have been
a year or less.

Notes payable, current

As of December 31, 2019, a balance of $16.0 million aggregate principal amount of debt remained

outstanding under the debt agreement with Deerfield entered into in February 2013 and was presented as “Notes
payable, current” on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2019.

In February 2020, upon the maturity of the debt agreement, we repaid the remaining outstanding principal of

$16.0 million and interest.

Financing Derivative

A number of features embedded in the promissory notes required accounting for them as a derivative,
including the indemnification of certain withholding taxes and the acceleration of debt upon (i) a qualified
financing, (ii) an event of default, (iii) a Major Transaction (as such term is defined in the Facility Agreement),
and (iv) the exercise of the warrant via offset to the debt principal. These features represent a single derivative
(the “Financing Derivative”) that was bifurcated from the debt instrument and accounted for as a liability at fair
value, with changes in fair value between reporting periods recorded in other income (expense), net.

The estimated fair value of the Financing Derivative was determined by comparing the difference between

the fair value of the promissory notes with and without the Financing Derivative by calculating the respective
present values from future cash flows using a 6.5% discount rate at December 31, 2019. The estimated fair value
of the Financing Derivative as of December 31, 2019 was $0.

In February 2020, after we repaid the remaining outstanding principal of $16.0 million and interest to

Deerfield, the related Financing Derivative expired.

81

Other liabilities, current

As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, our Other liabilities, current consisted of the following components:

(in thousands)

Accrued ESPP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2020

$2,037
2,482

Other liabilities, current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$4,519

2019

$—
225

$225

December 31,

Pursuant to the terms of the then-in-process Merger Agreement with Illumina, offerings under our 2010
ESPP were suspended after the completion of the purchase period ended March 1, 2019, resulting in the balance
for “Accrued ESPP” being $0 as of December 31, 2019. After the merger with Illumina was terminated in
January 2020, we began offerings under the ESPP again starting with the offering period beginning March 1,
2020.

NOTE 6. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Lease

In July 2015 we entered into a lease agreement with respect to our facility located at 1305 O’Brien Drive,

Menlo Park, California. The term of the O’Brien Lease is one hundred thirty-two (132) months. In December
2016, we entered into an amendment to the O’Brien Lease which defined the commencement date of the lease to
be October 25, 2016, notwithstanding that such substantial completion did not occur until the first quarter of
2017. Base monthly rent was abated for the first six (6) months of the lease term and thereafter was $540,000 per
month during the first year of the lease term, with specified annual increases thereafter until reaching $711,000
per month during the last twelve (12) months of the lease term. If the rent is not received within five days of the
due date, there will be an additional sum equal to 5% of the amount overdue as a late charge. Any amount not
paid within 10 days after receipt of landlord’s written notice will bear interest from the date due until paid, at the
lesser rate of (1) the prime rate of interest as published in the Wall Street Journal, plus 2% or (2) the maximum
rate allowed by law, in addition to the late payment charge. We were required to establish a letter of credit for the
benefits of the landlord and to submit $4.5 million as a deposit for the letter of credit in October 2015.
Subsequently pursuant to the terms of the O’Brien Lease, on May 1, 2019 the $4.5 million in restricted cash was
reduced to $4.0 million and on May 1, 2020 the $4.0 million in restricted cash was reduced to $3.5 million.

All of our leases are operating leases. Lease payments comprise the base rent per the term of the Lease.
Lease expense for these leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, with variable lease
payments, such as common area maintenance fees, recognized in the period those payments are incurred.

We often have options to renew lease terms for buildings. For the O’Brien Lease, the renewal option is 5

years and the rent will be based on fair market value at the time of renewal and was not included in the lease
term. In addition, certain lease arrangements may be terminated prior to their original expiration date at our
discretion. We evaluate renewal and termination options at the lease commencement date to determine if we are
reasonably certain to exercise the option on the basis of economic factors. The weighted average remaining lease
term for our operating leases as of December 31, 2020 was 6.8 years.

The discount rate implicit within our leases is generally not determinable and therefore we determine the

discount rate based on our incremental borrowing rate. The incremental borrowing rate for our leases is
determined based on lease term and currency in which lease payments are made, adjusted for impacts of
collateral. The weighted average discount rate used to measure our operating lease liabilities as of December 31,
2020 was 7.9%.

82

The following table presents information as to the amount and timing of cash flows arising from our

operating leases as of December 31, 2020:

Maturity of Lease Liabilities

Years ending December 31,
2021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2024 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2025 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Thereafter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Amount

(in thousands)
$ 7,330
7,502
7,704
7,920
8,136
15,462

Total undiscounted operating lease payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less: imputed interest

54,054
(12,055)

Present value of operating lease liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

41,999

Balance Sheet Classification
Operating lease liabilities, current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Operating lease liabilities, non-current

Total operating lease liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,332
37,667

41,999

Cash Flows

Cash paid for amounts included in the present value of operating lease liabilities was $7.2 million and
$7.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively and were included in operating cash
flow.

Operating Lease Costs

Operating lease costs were $6.2 million and $6.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019,
respectively. For both 2020 and 2019 the operating lease costs primarily related to our operating leases, but also
included immaterial amounts for variable leases.

Contingencies

We may become involved in legal proceedings, claims and assessments from time to time in the ordinary

course of business. We accrue liabilities for such matters when it is probable that future expenditures will be
made and such expenditures can be reasonably estimated.

Legal

U.S. District Court Proceedings

On March 15, 2017, we filed a complaint in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware against ONT

Inc. for patent infringement (C.A. No. 17-cv-275 (“275 Action”)). The complaint is based on our U.S. Patent
No. 9,546,400 (the “’400 Patent”) which covers novel methods for nanopore sequencing of nucleic acid
molecules using the signals from multiple monomeric units. We are seeking remedies including injunctive relief,
damages and costs. On August 23, 2018, we filed an amended complaint, adding allegations of willful
infringement and adding ONT Ltd. as a defendant in the 275 Action, which was granted on August 15, 2019.

On September 25, 2017, we filed a second complaint in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware
against ONT Inc. for patent infringement (C.A. No. 17-cv-1353 (“1353 Action”)). The complaint is based on our
U.S. Patent No. 9,678,056 (the “’056 Patent”) and U.S. Patent No. 9,738,929. We are seeking remedies including

83

injunctive relief, damages and costs. On March 28, 2018, we added a claim for infringement of our U.S. Patent
No. 9,772,323 (the “’323 Patent”). On August 23, 2018 we filed an amended complaint, adding allegations of
willful infringement and adding ONT Ltd. as a defendant in the 1353 Action, which was granted on August 15,
2019.

A trial for the U.S. District Court matters was held from March 9 through March 18, 2020. The jury
determined that ONT Inc. and ONT Ltd. infringed the ‘056 Patent, the ‘400 Patent, and the ‘323 Patent, but the
jury declined to find these patents valid based on enablement and, in the case of claim one of the ’056 Patent,
written description and indefiniteness. The jury declined to find valid or infringed U.S. Patent No. 9,738,929. We
are pursuing an appeal of the decision at the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit.

Unrelated to the preceding matters, on September 26, 2019, Personal Genomics of Taiwan, Inc. (“PGI”)
filed a complaint in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware against us for patent infringement (C.A.
No. 19-cv-1810). The matter from this complaint (the “PGI District Court matter”) is based on PGI’s U.S. Patent
No. 7,767,441 (the “‘441 Patent”). We plan to vigorously defend in this matter. On November 20, 2019, we filed
our answer to the complaint, denying infringement and seeking a declaratory judgement of invalidity of the ‘441
Patent.

On June 22, 2020, we filed a petition requesting institution of an inter-partes review (IPR) to the Patent Trial
and Appeals Board (the “Board”) at the United States Patent Office requesting the Board to find a set of claims in
the ‘441 invalid. On June 27, 2020, we filed a second petition requesting institution of an IPR requesting the
Board to find another set of claims in the ‘441 invalid. The two petitions (the “PacBio IPR Petitions”) requesting
IPRs assert that all of the claims relevant to the PGI complaint are invalid. On January 19, 2021, the Board
ordered that both PacBio IPR Petitions are instituted on all grounds presented.

On August 19, 2020, the court ordered a stay of the PGI District Court matter based on a joint stipulation by
the parties. With the institution of the PacBio IPR Petitions described above, pursuant to the joint stipulation, the
matter is now stayed pending a final written decision on the IPRs.

Proceedings in China

On May 12, 2020, PGI filed a complaint in the Wuhan Intermediate People’s Court in China alleging
infringement of one or more claims of China patent No. CN101743321B (the “CN321” Patent”), which is related
to the ‘441 Patent. We were served on January 20, 2021 and plan to vigorously defend in this matter. On
November 23, 2020 we filed an Invalidation Petition at the China National Intellectual Property Administration
(CNIPA) demonstrating the invalidity of the claims in the CN321 Patent on grounds of insufficient disclosure,
and the lack of support, essential technical features, clarity, novelty, and inventiveness.

Other Proceedings

From time to time, we may also be involved in a variety of other claims, lawsuits, investigations and
proceedings relating to securities laws, product liability, patent infringement, contract disputes, employment and
other matters that arise in the normal course of our business. In addition, third parties may, from time to time,
assert claims against us in the form of letters and other communications. We record a provision for contingent
losses when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably
estimated. We currently do not believe that the ultimate outcome of any of the matters described above is
probable or reasonably estimable, or that these matters will have a material adverse effect on our business;
however, the results of litigation and claims are inherently unpredictable. Regardless of the outcome, litigation
can have an adverse impact on us because of litigation and settlement costs, diversion of management resources
and other factors.

84

Indemnification

Pursuant to Delaware law and agreements entered into with each of our directors and officers, we may have

obligations, under certain circumstances, to hold harmless and indemnify each of our directors and officers
against losses suffered or incurred by the indemnified party in connection with their service to us, and
judgements, fines, settlements and expenses related to claims arising against such directors and officers to the
fullest extent permitted under Delaware law, our bylaws and certificate of incorporation. We also enter and have
entered into indemnification agreements with our directors and officers that may require us to indemnify them
against liabilities that arise by reason of their status or service as directors or officers, except as prohibited by
applicable law. In addition, we may have obligations to hold harmless and indemnify third parties involved with
our fundraising efforts and their respective affiliates, directors, officers, employees, agents or other
representatives against any and all losses, claims, damages and liabilities related to claims arising against such
parties pursuant to the terms of agreements entered into between such third parties and us in connection with
such fundraising efforts. To the extent that any such indemnification obligations apply to the lawsuits described
above, any associated expenses incurred are included within the related accrued litigation expense amounts. No
additional liability associated with such indemnification obligations has been recorded as of December 31, 2020.

NOTE 7. INCOME TAXES

We are subject to income taxes in the United States and certain states in which we operate, and we use
estimates in determining our provisions for income taxes. Significant management judgement is required in
determining our provision for income taxes, deferred tax assets and liabilities and valuation allowances recorded
against net deferred tax assets in accordance with U.S. GAAP. These estimates and judgements occur in the
calculation of tax credits, benefits, and deductions, and in the calculation of certain tax assets and liabilities,
which arise from differences in the timing of recognition of revenue and expense for tax and financial statement
purposes, as well as the interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions. Significant changes to these
estimates may result in an increase or decrease to our tax provision in the current or subsequent period.

We assess all material positions taken in any income tax return, including all significant uncertain positions,

in all tax years that are still subject to assessment or challenge by relevant taxing authorities. Assessing an
uncertain tax position begins with the initial determination of the position’s sustainability and is measured at the
largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. As of each
balance sheet date, unresolved uncertain tax positions must be reassessed, and we will determine whether the
factors underlying the sustainability assertion have changed and the amount of the recognized tax benefit is still
appropriate.

We account for Global Intangible Low-taxed Income as a period cost.

During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 income (loss) before taxes from U.S. operations

were $28.9 million, ($84.8) million and ($103.1) million, respectively, and income before taxes from foreign
operations was $0.6 million, $0.9 million and $0.8 million, respectively.

85

Income tax provision (benefit) related to continuing operations differ from the amounts computed by

applying the statutory income tax rate of 21% to pretax income or loss as follows:

Statutory tax rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State tax rate, net of federal benefit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stock-based compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tax credits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Change in valuation allowance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Years ended December 31,

2020

2019

2018

21.0% 21.0% 21.0%
4.9
(8.3)
(0.8)
(15.2)
2.2
(3.6)
0.2
(0.2)
(27.5)
6.3

3.5
(1.6)
2.0
(0.1)
(24.8)

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

— % — % — %

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of loss and credit carry forwards and temporary differences

between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for
income tax purposes. Significant components of our deferred tax assets for federal and state income taxes are as
follows (in thousands):

December 31,

2020

2019

Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Research and development credits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accruals and reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stock-based compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ASC842 Operating lease liability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 233,225
49,179
6,337
9,717
9,870

$ 226,911
45,853
8,024
16,219
10,837

Total deferred tax assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less: Valuation allowance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

308,328
(300,505)

307,844
(298,658)

Total deferred tax assets:
Fixed assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ASC842 Operating lease right-of-use assets . . . . . . . . .

Total deferred tax liabilities

7,823
(786)
(7,037)

(7,823)

9,186
(1,425)
(7,761)

(9,186)

Net deferred tax assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

—

$

—

At December 31, 2020, we maintained a full valuation allowance against all of our deferred tax assets which

totaled $300.5 million, including net operating loss carryforwards and research and development credits of
$233.2 million and $49.2 million, respectively.

Due to uncertainties surrounding the realization of deferred tax assets through future taxable income, we
have provided a full valuation allowance and, therefore, have not recognized any benefits from net operating
losses and other deferred tax assets.

A valuation allowance is recorded when it is more likely than not that all or some portion of the deferred

income tax assets will not be realized. We regularly assess the need for a valuation allowance against our
deferred income tax assets by considering both positive and negative evidence related to whether it is more likely
than not that our deferred income tax assets will be realized. In evaluating our ability to recover our deferred
income tax assets within the jurisdiction from which they arise, we consider all available positive and negative
evidence, including scheduled reversals of deferred income tax liabilities, projected future taxable income,
tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations. Accordingly, we have provided a full valuation
allowance against our net deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

86

For the year ended December 31, 2020, our valuation allowance increased to $300.5 million, primarily

because of an increase in our net operating losses and tax credits offset by a decrease to our stock-based
compensation deferred tax asset. For the year ended December 31, 2019, our valuation allowance increased to
$298.7 million, primarily because of an increase to our net operating losses, tax credits and changes in book to
tax timing differences.

As of December 31, 2020, we had a net operating loss carryforward for federal income tax purposes of

approximately $913.9 million, $755.9 million of which will begin to expire after 2024 and through 2037, and
$158.0 million of which do not expire. We had a total state net operating loss carryforward of approximately
$634.3 million, which have expiration dates of 2025 and beyond. Utilization of some of the federal and state net
operating loss and credit carryforwards are subject to annual limitations due to the “change of ownership”
provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and similar state provisions. The annual limitations may result
in the expiration of net operating losses and credits before utilization.

We have federal credits of approximately $30.7 million, which will begin to expire in 2024 if not utilized
and state research credits of approximately $30.1 million which have no expiration date. These tax credits are
subject to the same limitations discussed above.

As of December 31, 2020, our total unrecognized tax benefit was $6.0 million.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending unrecognized tax benefit balance is as follows (in thousands):

Balance as of December 31, 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Decrease in balance related to tax positions taken in prior year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Increase in balance related to tax positions taken during current year . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Balance as of December 31, 2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Decrease in balance related to tax positions taken in prior year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Increase in balance related to tax positions taken during current year . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 18,786
—
1,661

$ 20,447
—
1,532

Balance as of December 31, 2019 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 21,979

Decrease in balance related to tax positions taken in prior year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Increase in balance related to tax positions taken during current year . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(17,255)
1,230

Balance as of December 31, 2020 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 5,954

Decrease in balance related to tax positions taken in prior years of $17.3 million in 2020 relates to the fact

that we completed a research and development credit study in 2020 and adjusted our associated uncertain tax
position accordingly for the 2004-2019 tax years.

Our practice is to recognize interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. As

of both December 31, 2020 and 2019, we had no accrued interest or penalties due to our net operating losses
available to offset any tax adjustment. If total unrecognized tax benefits were realized in the future, it would not
result in any tax benefit as we currently have a full valuation allowance. We file U.S. federal and various state
income tax returns. For U.S. federal and state income tax purposes, the statute of limitations currently remains
open for the years ending December 31, 2017 to present and December 31, 2016 to present, respectively. In
addition, all of the net operating losses and research and development credit carryforwards that may be utilized in
future years may be subject to examination. We are not currently under examination by income tax authorities in
any jurisdiction.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Securities Act (CARES

Act) was signed into law in the US in March 2020. The CARES Act adjusted a number of provisions in the tax
code, including the calculation and eligibility of certain deductions and the treatment of net operating losses and
tax credits. The enactment of the CARES Act did not result in any material adjustments to our income tax
provision for the year ended December 31, 2020, or to our net deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2020.

87

California Assembly Bill 85 (AB 85) was signed into law in June 2020. The legislation suspends the use of

California Net Operating Loss deductions for 2020, 2021, and 2022 for certain taxpayers and imposes a
limitation on the use of certain California Tax Credits for 2020, 2021, and 2022. The carryover periods for Net
Operating Loss deductions disallowed by this provision will be extended. Given the Company’s net operating
loss position in the current year, the new legislation will not impact the current year provision. The Company will
continue to monitor possible California net operating loss and credit limitations in future periods.

NOTE 8. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Preferred Stock

Our Certificate of Incorporation, as amended and restated in October 2010 in connection with the closing of

our initial public offering, authorizes us to issue 1,000,000,000 shares of $0.001 par value common stock and
50,000,000 shares of $0.001 par value preferred stock. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, there were no shares
of preferred stock issued or outstanding.

Common Stock

Common stockholders are entitled to dividends when and if declared by our board of directors. There have

been no dividends declared to date. The holder of each share of common stock is entitled to one vote.

Underwritten Public Equity Offerings

In August 2020, we entered into an underwriting agreement, relating to the public offering of 19,430,000
shares of our common stock, $0.001 par value per share, at a price to the public of $4.47 per share. Under the
terms of the underwriting agreement, we also granted the underwriters a 30-day option to purchase up to an
additional 2,914,500 shares of our common stock, which was subsequently exercised in full, and the offering
including the sale of shares of common stock subject to the underwriters’ option, closed in August 2020. In total,
we sold 22.3 million shares of our common stock. We paid a commission equal to 6% of the gross proceeds from
the sale of shares of our common stock. The total net proceeds to us from the offering after deducting the
underwriting discount were approximately $93.9 million, excluding approximately $0.3 million of offering
expenses.

In November 2020, we entered into an underwriting agreement, relating to the public offering of 6,096,112

shares of our common stock, $0.001 par value per share, at a price to the public of $14.25 per share. Under the
terms of the underwriting agreement, we also granted the underwriters a 30-day option to purchase up to an
additional 914,416 shares of our common stock, which was subsequently exercised in full, and the offering
including the sale of shares of common stock subject to the underwriters’ option, closed in November 2020. In
total, we sold 7.0 million shares of our common stock. We paid a commission equal to 6% of the gross proceeds
from the sale of shares of our common stock. The total net proceeds to us from the offering after deducting the
underwriting discount were approximately $93.9 million, excluding approximately $0.3 million of offering
expenses.

In total, for the year ended December 31, 2020, we issued 29.4 million shares of our common stock through
our two underwritten public offerings with an average offering price of $6.40. The total net proceeds to us from
the two offerings, after deducting the underwriting commission and offering expenses, were approximately
$187.2 million.

For the year ended December 31, 2018, we issued 30.6 million shares of our common stock through our two
underwritten public offerings with an average offering price of $3.38 per share. The total net proceeds to us from
the two offerings, after deducting the underwriting commissions and offering expenses, were approximately
$97.5 million.

88

Equity Plans

As of December 31, 2019, we had two active equity plans: 1) the 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2010
Plan”) and 2) the 2010 Outside Director Equity Incentive Plan (the “2010 Director Plan”), both of which we
adopted upon the effectiveness of our initial public offering in October 2010. Pursuant to the terms of the
then-in-process Merger Agreement with Illumina, offerings under our 2010 ESPP were suspended after the
completion of the purchase period ended March 1, 2019. After the merger with Illumina was terminated in
January 2020, we began offerings under the ESPP again starting with the offering period beginning March 1,
2020.

As of June 30, 2020, in total, we had three active equity compensation plans: the 2010 Plan, the 2010

Director Plan and the 2010 ESPP. On July 29, 2020 our 2010 Plan and 2010 Director Plan expired.

On August 4, 2020, stockholders approved our new 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2020 plan”) and

reserved 11,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock for issuance pursuant to equity awards granted
under the 2020 plan.

On December 2, 2020, the Board of Directors (the “Board”) adopted the 2020 Inducement Equity
Incentive Plan (the “Inducement Plan”) and reserved 2,500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock for
issuance pursuant to equity awards granted under the Inducement Plan.

2020 Equity Incentive Plan

Under the 2020 Plan, with the approval of the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, we may

grant equity-based awards, including non-statutory stock options, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), restricted
stock, stock appreciation rights, performance shares and performance units. Stock options granted under the 2020
Plan may be either incentive stock options (“ISOs”) within the meaning of Internal Revenue code Section 422 or
non-qualified stock options (“NSOs”). Stock options under the 2020 Plan may be granted with a term of up to ten
years and at prices no less than the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant. To date, stock
options granted to existing employees generally vest over four years on a monthly basis and stock options
granted to new employee vest at a rate of 25% upon the first anniversary of the vesting commencement date and
1/48th per month thereafter, in each case, subject to continued service with us through the applicable vesting
dates.

Inducement Plan

Under the Inducement Plan, with the approval of the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors,

we may grant equity-based awards, including non-statutory stock options, restricted stock units, restricted stock,
stock appreciation rights, performance shares and performance units, and its terms are substantially similar to the
2020 Plan, including with respect to treatment of equity awards in the event of a “merger” or “change in control”
as defined under the Inducement Plan, but with such other terms and conditions intended to comply with the
NASDAQ Inducement Award exception. In accordance with Rule 5635(c)(4) of the NASDAQ Listing Rules,
awards under the Inducement Plan may only be made to individuals not previously employees or non-employee
directors of the Company (or following such individuals’ bona fide period of non-employment with the
Company), as an inducement material to the individuals’ entry into employment with the Company or in
connection with a merger or acquisition, to the extent permitted by Rule 5635(c)(3) of the NASDAQ Listing
Rules.

As of December 31, 2020, we had an aggregate of 10.3 million shares remained available for future issuance

under the 2020 Plan and Inducement Plan.

89

Stock Options

The following table summarizes stock option activity for all of our stock option plans for the year ended

December 31, 2020 (in thousands, except per share amounts):

Stock Options Outstanding

Balances, December 31, 2019 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Options granted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Options exercised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Options canceled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Number
of shares

22,697
2,852
(8,078)
(2,833)

Exercise price

$1.16 – 16.00
2.45 – 20.9
1.16 – 15.98
1.16 – 16

Balances, December 31, 2020 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14,638

$1.16 – 20.90

Weighted
average
exercise
price

$5.57
7.20
5.44
7.82

$5.53

The expired options during the year ended December 31, 2020 totaled 2.4 million with exercise prices

ranging from $1.16 to $16.00 and a weighted average exercise price per share of $8.49.

The following table summarizes information with respect to stock options outstanding and exercisable under

the plans at December 31, 2020:

Exercise price

0.00 – 3.67
$
$
3.67 – 7.34
$ 7.34 – 11.01
$11.01 – 14.68
$14.68 – 18.35
$18.35 – 22.02
$22.02 – 25.69
$25.69 – 29.36
$29.36 – 33.03
$33.03 – 36.70

Number
outstanding

4,254,183
7,560,966
2,591,433
131,375
500
100,000
—
—
—
—

14,638,457

Options Outstanding

Weighted average
remaining contractual
life (Years)

Weighted average
exercise price

5.45
6.18
5.78
2.99
0.13
9.95
—
—
—
—

5.90

$ 2.53
$ 5.68
$ 9.05
$12.49
$15.98
$20.90
$ —
$ —
$ —
$ —

$ 5.53

Options Exercisable

Number
vested

3,253,267
5,396,883
2,191,433
96,375
500
—
—
—
—
—

10,938,458

Weighted average
exercise price

$ 2.51
$ 5.42
$ 8.95
$11.82
$15.98
$ —
$ —
$ —
$ —
$ —

$ 5.32

The aggregate intrinsic value of the outstanding and exercisable options presented in the table above totaled
$298.8 million and $225.6 million, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value represents the total pretax intrinsic
value (i.e., the difference between $25.94, our closing stock price on the last trading day of our fourth quarter of
2020 and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options) that would have been received by
the option holders had all option holders exercised their options on December 31, 2020. The aggregate intrinsic
value changes at each reporting date based on the fair market value of our common stock. The weighted average
remaining contractual life for exercisable options is 4.89 years.

The vested and expected to vest options as of December 31, 2020 totaled 13,677,000, with aggregate
intrinsic value of $279.0 million, weighted average exercise price per share of $5.54 and weighted average
remaining contractual life of 5.73 years.

The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and

2018 was $63.1 million, $2.6 million and $5.3 million, respectively.

90

The weighted-average grant-date fair value of all options granted with exercise prices equal to fair market
value was $4.14 in 2020, $0 in 2019, $1.50 in 2018 determined by the Black-Scholes option valuation method.
There were no options granted with exercise prices lower than fair market value in 2020, 2019 and 2018.

Time-based RSUs

Each RSU represents one equivalent share of our common stock to be awarded after satisfying the

applicable continued service-based vesting criteria over a specified period. These RSUs vest over four years at a
rate of 25% annually. The fair value for these RSUs is based on the closing price of our common stock on the
date of grant. We measure compensation expense for these RSUs at fair value on the date of grant and recognize
the expense over the expected vesting period on a straight-line basis. The RSUs do not entitle participants to the
rights of holders of common stock, such as voting rights, until the shares are issued. RSUs that are expected to
vest are net of estimated future forfeitures.

The following table summarizes the time-based RSUs activity for the year ended December 31, 2020 (in

thousands, except per share amounts):

RSUs outstanding at December 31, 2019 . . . . . . . . . . . .
RSUs granted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RSUs released . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RSUs forfeited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Number
of shares

1,086
6,556
(1,000)
(723)

Unvested RSUs outstanding at December 31, 2020 . . . .

5,919

Weighted average
grant date
fair value

$6.12
5.18
6.33
4.40

$5.25

For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, we recognized compensation expense of

$7.7 million, $4.9 and $0.2 million, respectively, related to time-based RSUs.

Performance-based RSUs

Starting 2018 the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors approved awards of RSUs with
performance-based vesting under the 2010 Plan to certain employees. Each RSU represents one equivalent share
of our common stock to be awarded upon vesting at the end of the performance periods, if specific performance
goals set by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors are achieved. No RSUs with performance-
based vesting will vest if the performance goals are not met. The fair value of these RSUs is based on the closing
price of our common stock on the date of grant. We make a quarterly probability assessment as to whether the
performance goals will be achieved. Changes in our assessment of the probability of vesting results in
adjustments to stock-based compensation, which may include either a cumulative catch-up of expense or a
reduction of expense depending on whether the likelihood of vesting has increased or decreased, that is
recognized in the period such determination is made. The RSUs do not entitle participants to the rights of holders
of common stock, such as voting rights, until the shares are issued. RSUs that are expected to vest are net of
estimated future forfeitures.

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The following table summarizes the performance-based RSUs activity for the year ended December 31,

2020 (in thousands, except per share amounts):

Number
of shares

Weighted average
grant date
fair value

PSUs outstanding at December 31, 2019 . . . . . . . . . . . .
PSUs granted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . —
PSUs released . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . —
PSUs forfeited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

138

(44)

Unvested PSUs outstanding at December 31, 2020 . . . .

94

$2.63
—
—
2.63

$2.63

2010 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

We adopted the ESPP in October 2010. Our ESPP permits eligible employees to purchase common stock at
a discount through payroll deductions during defined offering periods. Each offering period will generally consist
of four purchase periods, each purchase period being approximately six months. The price at which the stock is
purchased is equal to the lower of 85% of the fair market value of the common stock at the beginning of an
offering period or at the end of a purchase period. Each offering period will generally end and the shares will be
purchased twice yearly on March 1 and September 1. If the stock price at the end of the purchase period is lower
than the stock price at the beginning of the offering period, that offering period will then be terminated and new
offering period comes to place. The ESPP provides for an annual increase to the shares available for issuance at
the beginning of each calendar year equal to 2% of the common shares then outstanding.

Pursuant to the terms of the then-in-process Merger Agreement with Illumina, offerings under our 2010

ESPP were suspended after the completion of the purchase period ended March 1, 2019. After the merger with
Illumina was terminated in January 2020, we began offerings under the ESPP again starting with the offering
period beginning March 1, 2020.

For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, 834,677 shares,1,306,329 shares and 1,674,960
shares of common stock were purchased under the ESPP, respectively. As of December 31, 2020, 5,878,770
shares of our common stock remain available for issuance under our ESPP.

Stock-based Compensation

Total stock-based compensation expense consists of the following (in thousands):

Cost of revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Research and development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales, general and administrative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 2,236
7,061
8,236

$ 1,857
7,699
6,845

$ 3,124
10,076
9,953

Total stock-based compensation expense . . . . . . . . .

$17,533

$16,401

$23,153

Years Ended December 31,

2020

2019

2018

As of both December 31, 2020 and 2019, $0.3 million of stock-based compensation cost was capitalized in

inventory on our consolidated balance sheets, respectively.

The tax benefit of stock-based compensation expense was immaterial for the years ended December 31,

2020, 2019 and 2018.

92

Stock Options

We estimated the fair value of employee stock options using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The
fair value of employee stock options is being amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period
of the awards. For the year ended December 31, 2019, we did not grant any stock option.

For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the fair value of employee stock options was

estimated using the following weighted average assumptions:

Expected term (years)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Expected volatility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Risk-free interest rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dividend yield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5.0 years —
70.7% —
0.3% —
—
—

5.2 years

66.8%
2.6%
—

Years Ended December 31,

2020

2019

2018

We recorded stock-based compensation expense for stock options of $6.2 million, $11.0 million and

$15.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

As of December 31, 2020, $9.9 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to stock options

was expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3 years.

Cash received from option exercises for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 was

$43.9 million, $5.9 million and $6.3 million, respectively.

ESPP

We estimated the fair value of shares to be issued under the ESPP using the Black-Scholes option pricing

model. For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, weighted average fair value at grant date for
shares to be issued under the ESPP was $1.68, $0 and $1.47, respectively.

For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the fair value of shares to be issued under the ESPP

was estimated using the following assumptions:

Expected term (years) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Expected volatility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Risk-free interest rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dividend yield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0.5 - 2.0 —
57% - 71% —
0.1% - 1.0% —
—
—

0.5 - 2.0
65% - 67%
1.3% - 2.7%

—

Years Ended December 31,

2020

2019

2018

We recorded stock-based compensation expense for ESPP of $3.4 million, $0.5 million and $6.8 million for

the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Cash received through the ESPP for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 was $2.4 million,

$2.7 million and $3.4 million, respectively.

NOTE 9. NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE

Basic net income (loss) per share and diluted net income (loss) per share are presented for the three years

presented. Basic net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average
number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per share is

93

computed using the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding and potential shares
assuming the dilutive effect of outstanding stock options, restricted stock units and common stock issuable
pursuant to our ESPP, using the treasury stock method.

The following table presents the calculation of weighted average shares of common stock used in the

computations of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share amounts presented in the accompanying
consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) (in thousands, except per share
amounts):

Numerator:

Net income (Loss) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 29,403

$ (84,134)

$(102,562)

Years Ended December 31,

2020

2019

2018

Denominator:
Basic

Weighted average shares used in computing

basic net income (loss) per share . . . . . . . . . .

165,187

152,527

135,094

Basic net income (loss) per share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

0.18

$

(0.55)

$

(0.76)

Diluted

Weighted average shares used in computing

basic net income (loss) per share . . . . . . . . . .
Add: weighted average stock options . . . . . . . . .
Add: weighted average restricted stock units . . .
Add: weighted average common stock issuable

165,187
6,092
2,324

152,527
—
—

135,094
—
—

pursuant to our ESPP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,367

—

—

Weighted average shares used in computing

diluted net income (loss) per share . . . . . . . . .

174,970

152,527

135,094

Diluted net income (loss) per share . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

0.17

$

(0.55)

$

(0.76)

The following options outstanding, time-based RSUs, performance-based RSUs and ESPP shares to
purchase common stock were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share for the periods
presented because the effect of including such shares would have been antidilutive:

(in thousands)

Years Ended December 31,

2020

2019

2018

Options to purchase common stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RSUs with time-based vesting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RSUs with performance-based vesting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Common stock issuable pursuant to our ESPP . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,908
100
94
2,890

22,697
1,086
138
—

25,176
371
586
—

NOTE 10. SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

We are organized as, and operate in, one reportable segment: the development, manufacturing and

marketing of an integrated platform for genetic analysis. Our chief operating decision-maker is our Chief
Executive Officer. The Chief Executive Officer reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis
for purposes of evaluating financial performance and allocating resources, accompanied by information about
revenue by geographic regions. Our assets are primarily located in the United States of America and not allocated
to any specific region and we do not measure the performance of geographic regions based upon asset-based
metrics. Therefore, geographic information is presented only for revenue. Revenue by geographic region is based
on the ship to address on the customer order.

94

A summary of our revenue by geographic location for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 is

as follows:

(in thousands)

Years Ended December 31,

2020

2019

2018

North America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Europe (including the Middle East and Africa) . . . . . . . . .
Asia Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$37,277
19,065
22,551

$44,681
19,600
26,610

$35,598
13,958
29,070

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$78,893

$90,891

$78,626

A summary of our revenue by category for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 is as

follows:

(in thousands)

Instrument revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Consumable revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Product revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Service and other revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Year Ended December 31,

2020

2019

2018

$34,282
31,142

65,424
13,469

$45,126
32,616

77,742
13,149

$28,492
37,863

66,355
12,271

Total revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$78,893

$90,891

$78,626

NOTE 11. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Invitae Collaboration

On January 12, 2021 we entered into a multi-year Development and Commercialization Agreement (the
“Development Agreement”) with Invitae Corporation (“Invitae”), to begin development of a production-scale
high-throughput sequencing platform, leveraging the power of PacBio’s highly accurate HiFi sequencing to
expand Invitae’s whole genome testing capabilities.

In connection with the development of the Program Products, Invitae will provide to the Company amounts

equal to certain development costs incurred by the Company. Under the Development Agreement, we will be
primarily responsible for conducting a development program to develop the Program Products pursuant to a
schedule and budget. We will make decisions regarding the development program jointly with Invitae. The
development program is expected to last approximately sixty months, but may be shorter or longer. The Program
Products will be sold to Invitae as they are developed and we have the right to broadly commercialize Program
Products with other customers.

As a benefit of its contribution, Invitae will be entitled to preferred pricing on the Program Products if and

when they are available for commercial sale. Each Program Product will have a preferential pricing period.
During the initial period of preferred pricing for each Program Product, Invitae may purchase the Program
Product at a substantially reduced margin until it has recouped a mutually agreed multiple of its contribution.
Subsequently, for up to three years after the initial period of preferred pricing, Invitae has the right to purchase
the Program Product at a higher price within a specified price range.

We and Invitae may terminate the Development Agreement if the other party remains in material breach of

the Development Agreement following a cure period to remedy the material breach. In addition, the
Development Agreement includes certain other circumstances for termination by each party, including
circumstances where Invitae may terminate for delays, IP concerns, change in control, or without cause.

In certain termination circumstances, (i) we will be obligated to refund all or a portion of the development

costs advanced by Invitae and/or (ii) we will owe Invitae a share of the revenue generated from the sale of the

95

Program Products if and when they are commercialized until such time as Invitae has recouped the amounts
reimbursed to us, and in certain circumstances, a mutually agreed return.

We expect to incur significant development costs over the duration of the collaboration agreement in 2021.

We are still evaluating the accounting impact of the agreement, including whether the funding received by the
Company from Invitae represents discounts toward future supplies, funding of development efforts, or a
combination of both. There can be no assurances that the development program will be successful or that the
Program Platform will become ready for commercial sale.

Issuance and Sale of 1.50% Convertible Senior Notes due February 15, 2028

On February 9, 2021, we entered into an investment agreement (the “Investment Agreement”) with SB

Northstar LP (the “Purchaser”), a subsidiary of SoftBank Group Corp., relating to the issuance and sale to the
Purchaser of $900 million in aggregate principal amount of the Company’s 1.50% Convertible Senior Notes due
February 15, 2028 (the “Notes”). The Notes were issued on February 16, 2021.

Issuance of Convertible Notes

The Notes are expected to be governed by an indenture (the “Indenture”) between the Company and U.S.

Bank National Association, as trustee (the “Trustee”). The Notes will bear interest at a rate of 1.50% per annum.
Interest on the Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on February 15 and August 15 commencing on
August 15, 2021. The Notes will mature on February 15, 2028, subject to earlier conversion, redemption or
repurchase.

The Notes are convertible at the option of the holder at any time until the second scheduled trading day prior

to the maturity date, including in connection with a redemption by the Company. The Notes will be convertible
into shares of the Company’s common stock based on an initial conversion rate of 22.9885 shares of common
stock per $1,000 principal amount of the Notes (which is equal to an initial conversion price of $43.50 per share),
in each case subject to customary anti-dilution and other adjustments as a result of certain extraordinary
transactions.

On or after February 20, 2026, the Notes will be redeemable by the Company in the event that the closing
sale price of the Company’s common stock has been at least 150% of the conversion price then in effect for at
least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading day period (including the
last trading day of such period) ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on
which the Company provides the redemption notice at a redemption price of 100% of the principal amount of
such Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date.

With certain exceptions, upon a change of control of the Company or the failure of the Company’s common

stock to be listed on certain stock exchanges (a “Fundamental Change”), the holders of the Notes may require
that the Company repurchase all or part of the principal amount of the Notes at a purchase price of par plus
unpaid interest to, but excluding, the maturity date.

The Indenture will include customary “events of default,” which may result in the acceleration of the
maturity of the Notes under the Indenture. The Indenture will also include customary covenants for convertible
notes of this type.

Standstill Obligations

Pursuant to the Investment Agreement, the Purchaser has agreed, subject to certain exceptions, that from the
Closing and until the earliest of (i) the three year anniversary of the Closing, (ii) the effective date of a change of

96

control of the Company and (iii) 90 days after the date on which none of the members of the Purchaser or its
affiliates beneficially own any Notes or shares of the Company’s common stock received upon conversion of the
Notes (the “Standstill Period”), the Purchaser will not, among other things: (i) make, or in any way participate in
any “proxy contest” or other solicitation of proxies, (ii) form, join, influence or in any way participate in a voting
trust or similar arrangement, (iii) acquire any securities of the Company if, immediately after such acquisition,
the Purchaser or its affiliates would collectively own in the aggregate more than 19.99% of the then outstanding
voting securities of the Company, (iv) sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of any voting securities of the Company
to any person who is (or will become upon consummation of such sale, transfer or other disposition) a beneficial
owner of 10% or more of the outstanding voting securities of the Company, (v) propose or seek to effect any
tender or exchange offer, merger or other business combination involving the Company, or make any public
statement with respect to such transaction, (vi) call or seek to call any meeting of stockholders or other
referendum or consent solicitation, or (vii) take action to control or influence the Board of Directors or
management of the Company.

Transfer Restrictions; Registration Rights

The Investment Agreement restricts the Purchaser’s ability to transfer the Notes and the Company’s
common stock issuable or issued upon conversion of the Notes and enter into any hedging or other agreement
that transfers the economic consequences of ownership of the Notes or the Company’s common stock issuable or
issued upon conversion of the Notes, subject to certain exceptions specified in the Investment Agreement and
summarized below.

Except as described below, prior to the earlier of (i) the one year anniversary of the Closing or
(ii) immediately prior to the consummation of a change of control of the Company, the Purchaser will be
restricted from transferring or entering into any hedging or other agreement that transfers the economic
consequences of ownership of the Notes or the Company’s common stock issuable or issued upon conversion of
the Notes. Exceptions include: (A) transfers to affiliates, (B) transfers to the Company or any of its subsidiaries,
(C) transfers to a third party where the net proceeds of such sale are solely used to satisfy a margin call or repay a
permitted loan or (D) transfers in connection with certain merger and acquisition events.

Subject to certain limitations, the Investment Agreement provides the Purchaser and any lender of a
permitted loan to the Purchaser or its affiliates with certain registration rights for the shares of the Company’s
common stock issuable or issued upon conversion of the Notes.

97

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND

FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer, and our chief financial officer,
evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a–15(e) and 15d–
15(e) of the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10–K. Disclosure
controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information
required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is
accumulated and communicated to our management, including its principal executive and principal financial
officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any
controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of
achieving their objectives, and management necessarily applies its judgement in evaluating the cost-benefit
relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on this evaluation, our chief executive officer, chief
financial officer and our principal accounting officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were
effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial

reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f). Under the supervision and with the
participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Principal
Accounting Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial
reporting based on the framework in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of
Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (COSO). Based on our evaluation
under this framework our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective
as of December 31, 2020.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the
evaluation required by paragraph (d) of Exchange Act Rules 13a–15 or 15d–15 that occurred during our fourth
fiscal quarter that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over
financial reporting.

98

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

PART III

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.

Information responsive to this item is incorporated herein by reference to our definitive proxy statement
with respect to our 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end
of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION.

Information responsive to this item is incorporated herein by reference to our definitive proxy statement
with respect to our 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholder to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of
the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT

AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS.

Information responsive to this item is incorporated herein by reference to our definitive proxy statement
with respect to our 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end
of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR

INDEPENDENCE.

Information responsive to this item is incorporated herein by reference to our definitive proxy statement
with respect to our 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end
of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES.

Information responsive to this item is incorporated herein by reference to our definitive proxy statement
with respect to our 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end
of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES.

PART IV

(a) The following documents are filed as part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Annual Report on

Form 10-K:

1. Financial Statements: See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements under Item 8 of this

Annual Report on Form 10-K.

2. Financial Statement Schedules: All schedules are omitted because they are not required, are not

applicable or the information is included in the consolidated financial statements or notes thereto.

3. Exhibits: We have filed or incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the

exhibits listed on the accompanying Exhibit Index immediately below.

(b) Financial Statement Schedules: See Item 15(a)(2), above.

(c) Exhibits: Refer to the Exhibit Index that follows.

99

Exhibit
Number

3.1

3.2

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4

10.1+

10.2+

10.3+

10.4+

10.5+

10.6+

10.7+

10.8+

10.9+

10.10+

10.11+

10.12+

10.13+

Exhibit Index

Description

Form Exhibit No.

Filing Date

Incorporated by reference herein

Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation

10-K

3.1

March 23, 2011

Second Amended and Restated Bylaws of Pacific
Biosciences of California, Inc.

Specimen Common Stock Certificate

Description of Registrant’s securities registered under
Section 12 of the Exchange Act

Indenture, dated February 16, 2021, between Pacific
Biosciences of California, Inc. and U.S. Bank National
Association, as Trustee

Form of 1.50% Convertible Senior Notes due 2028
(included in Exhibit 4.1)

Form of Director and Executive Officer Indemnification
Agreement

2010 Equity Incentive Plan

2010 Equity Incentive Plan forms of agreement

2010 Employee Stock Purchase Plan and forms of
agreement thereunder

2010 Outside Director Equity Incentive Plan

2010 Outside Director Equity Incentive Plan forms of
agreement

2020 Equity Incentive Plan and related forms of
agreement

2020 Inducement Equity Incentive Plan and related
forms of agreement

Change in Control Severance Agreement by and between
the Registrant and Susan K. Barnes effective
September 9, 2010

Change in Control Severance Agreement by and between
the Registrant and James Michael Phillips effective
September 9, 2010

Change in Control Severance Agreement by and between
the Registrant and Michael Hunkapiller dated January 5,
2012

Letter Relating to Employment Terms by and between
the Registrant and Susan G. Kim effective September 28,
2020

Change in Control and Severance Agreement by and
between the Registrant and Susan G. Kim effective
September 28, 2020

100

8-K

S-1/A

3.1

4.1

November 5, 2018

October 1, 2010

10-K

4.2

February 28, 2020

8-K

8-K

S-1

S-1

10-Q

S-1

S-1

4.1

4.1

10.1

10.4

10.1

10.5

10.6

February 16, 2021

February 16, 2021

August 16, 2010

August 16, 2010

May 2, 2018

August 16, 2010

August 16, 2010

10-Q

10.2

May 2, 2018

8-K

10.1

August 5, 2020

8-K

10.1

December 4, 2020

S-1/A

10.20

September 20, 2010

S-1/A

10.24

September 20, 2010

10-K

10.33

March 1, 2012

10-Q

10.2

November 2, 2020

10-Q

10.3

November 2, 2020

Exhibit
Number

10.14+

10.15+

10.16+

10.17+

10.18+

10.19+

10.20†

10.21†

10.22

10.23††

10.24

10.25††

21.1

23.1

31.1

Description

Form Exhibit No.

Filing Date

Incorporated by reference herein

Form of Change in Control and Severance Agreement
for executive officers

Letter Relating to Employment Terms by and between
the Registrant and Christian O. Henry effective
September 14, 2020

Change in Control and Severance Agreement by and
between the Registrant and Christian O. Henry effective
September 14, 2020

Amended Change in Control and Severance Agreement
by and between the Registrant and Christian O. Henry
dated February 3, 2021

Letter Relating to Employment Terms by and between
the Registrant and Mark Van Oene effective January 8,
2021

Letter Relating to Employment Terms by and between
the Registrant and Peter Fromen effective January 8,
2021

Lease Agreement by and between the Registrant and
Menlo Park Portfolio II, LLC, dated July 22, 2015.

First Amendment to Lease Agreement by and between
the Registrant and Menlo Park Portfolio II, LLC, dated
December 23, 2016.

Agreement by and among Pacific Biosciences of
California, Inc., Illumina, Inc. and FC Ops Corp. dated
January 2, 2020

Development and Commercialization Agreement by and
between the Registrant and Invitae Corporation dated
January 12, 2021

Investment Agreement, dated as of February 9, 2021,
between Pacific Biosciences of California, Inc. and SB
Northstar LP.

Exclusive License Agreement by and between the
Registrant and Cornell Research Foundation, Inc., dated
as of February 1, 2004

List of Subsidiaries of the Registrant

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting
Firm

Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to
Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted
pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002

101

Filed herewith

Filed herewith

Filed herewith

Filed herewith

Filed herewith

Filed herewith

10-Q

10.2

August 5, 2015

10-K

10.50

March 6, 2017

8-K

10.1

January 2, 2020

Filed herewith

8-K

10.1

February 9, 2021

Filed herewith

Filed herewith

Filed herewith

Filed herewith

Description

Form Exhibit No.

Filing Date

Incorporated by reference herein

Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to
Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted
pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002

Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18
U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906
of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18
U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906
of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101.INS

XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does
not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL
tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

101.SCH

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL

101.DEF

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
Document

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
Document

101.LAB

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document

101.PRE

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
Document

Cover Page Interactive File (formatted as inline XBRL
and contained in Exhibit 101)

Exhibit
Number

31.2

32.1*

32.2*

104

+
†

Filed herewith

Furnished herewith

Furnished herewith

Filed herewith

Filed herewith

Filed herewith

Filed herewith

Filed herewith

Filed herewith

Filed herewith

Indicates management contract or compensatory plan
Confidential treatment has been requested for portions of this exhibit. These portions have been omitted and
have been filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

†† Certain confidential information contained in this Exhibit was omitted by means of marking such portions

*

with brackets because the identified confidential information (i) is not material and (ii) would be
competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
The certifications attached as Exhibit 32.1 and 32.2 that accompany this Annual Report on Form 10-K are
deemed furnished and not filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and are not to be
incorporated by reference into any filing of Pacific Biosciences of California, Inc. under the Securities Act
of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, whether made before or after the
date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in
such filing

ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY

None

102

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant
has duly caused this Annual Report on Form 10-K to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly
authorized.

Signatures

Date: February 26, 2021

Date: February 26, 2021

PACIFIC BIOSCIENCES OF CALIFORNIA, INC.

By:

By:

/s/ SUSAN G. KIM
Susan G. Kim
Chief Financial Officer

/s/ ERIC E. SCHAEFER

Eric E. Schaefer
Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer

POWER OF ATTORNEY

KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below hereby

constitutes and appoints Christian O. Henry, Susan G. Kim, Brett Atkins and Eric E. Schaefer, jointly and
severally, as his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution, each with
power to act alone, to sign and execute on behalf of the undersigned any and all amendments to this Annual
Report on Form 10-K, and to perform any acts necessary in order to file the same, with all exhibits thereto and
other documents in connection therewith with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said
attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requested and
necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in
person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent, or their or his or her substitutes,
shall do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed by the

following persons on behalf of the Registrant in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature

Title

Date

/s/ Christian O. Henry
Christian O. Henry

Director, Chief Executive Officer
and President (Principal
Executive Officer)

/s/ Susan G. Kim
Susan G. Kim

/s/ Eric E. Schaefer
Eric E. Schaefer

/s/

John F. Milligan

John F. Milligan

/s/ David Botstein
David Botstein

/s/ William W. Ericson
William W. Ericson

/s/ Michael Hunkapiller
Michael Hunkapiller

Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)

Vice President and Chief
Accounting Officer (Principal
Accounting Officer)

Chairman of the Board of
Directors

Director

Director

Director

103

February 26, 2021

February 26, 2021

February 26, 2021

February 26, 2021

February 26, 2021

February 26, 2021

February 26, 2021

Signature

Title

/s/ Randall S. Livingston
Randall S. Livingston

/s/ Marshall L. Mohr
Marshall L. Mohr

/s/ Kathy Ordoñez
Kathy Ordoñez

/s/ Lucy Shapiro
Lucy Shapiro

Director

Director

Director

Director

Date

February 26, 2021

February 26, 2021

February 26, 2021

February 26, 2021

104

Executive Officers

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Christian Henry
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Peter Fromen
Chief Commercial Officer                                  

Mark Van Oene
 Chief Operating Officer

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Corporate Offices

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1305 O’Brien Drive
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Pacific Biosciences
1305 O’Brien Drive
Menlo Park, CA 94025
650.521.8000
www.pacb.com