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FY2024 Annual Report · Panoro Energy
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1
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Annual Report
& Accounts
2024
Company Number: 03187528
sales@pennantplc.com
pennantplc.com

2
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Contents
Financial Statements
48
Independent Auditor's report
49-55
The Group
Consolidated income statement	
56
Consolidated statement of other comprehensive income
57
Consolidated statement of financial position	
58
Consolidated statement of changes in equity	
59-60
Consolidated statement of cash flows
61
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
62-91
The Company
Company statement of comprehensive income
92
Company statement of financial position	
93
Company statement of changes in equity	
94
Company statement of cash flows
95
Notes to the company financial statements	
96-104
Shareholder information & financial calendar
105
Officers & professional advisers	
106
Glossary
3
Pennant Overview
4-6
Group key financials 
7
Chair’s statement
8-9
Chief Executive’s review	
10-11
Chief Financial Officer’s review
12-15
Integrated Business Plan
16-17
Principal risks and uncertainties
18-22
About Pennant
23-31
Governance
32
Board of Directors
33-37
Audit & Risk committee
35
Remuneration committee
35
Attendance	
36
Operational governance	
36
Financial control	
37
Remuneration report
37-41
Audit & Risk committee report	
41
Directors’ report	 	
42-45
Directors’ responsibility statement	
46
2
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024

3
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Glossary
3
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
AGM 
EASA
EBITA 
EBITDA
EMAR 
H1 
H2 
IBP 
IPS
ILS
ITAR
Net Debt 
OEM 
Q1 
Q2 
Q3 
Q4
Annual General Meeting
European Union Aviation Safety Agency
Earnings before interest, taxation and amortisation
Earnings before interest, taxation, depreciation & amortisation
European Military Aviation Requirements
The six months ended 30 June 2024
The six months ended 31 December 2024
Integrated Business Plan
Integrated Product Support
Integrated Logistics Support
International Traffic in Arms Regulations (US government regulation)
The result of deducting the company’s interest bearing debt from its cash position 
Original Equipment Manufacturer
The three months ended 31 March 2024
The three months ended 30 June 2024
The three months ended 30 September 2024
The three months ended 31 December 2024
Maximizing operational efficiency

4
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Our Vision
To be the leading systems support and training solutions company.
Our Mission
To ensure our customers’ assets are available where they are needed, 
when they are needed and that they work.
Our Strategy
•	 Expand, and be first to market, with our end-to-end IPS software 
suite 
•	 Grow our technical services offering, through organic growth and 
acquisition 
•	 Optimise the Training Systems business 
•	 Deliver excellence in our customer experience
Details of the Group’s Integrated Business Plan can be found on page 16.
Strategic Report
Pennant Overview
Maximizing operational efficiency

5
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
About Pennant
Pennant International Group plc (AIM: PEN) is a technology driven, leading global 
provider of system support software and services, technical services, and training 
solutions. It supports its global customer base in the design, development, 
operation, maintenance, and training of complex assets, to maximize operational and 
maintenance efficiency.
Its key markets include Aerospace, Defence and Rail, and adjacent safety-critical 
markets such as Shipping, Nuclear and Space.
Pennant Overview
Group aspirations:
•
Auxilium software to be the systems support enterprise solution of choice
•
Increase market share at an improved rate of return with a high operating cash
conversion in chosen markets
Pennant Overview

6
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
6
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
How We Operate
We address the market through three key segments:
“We ensure mission critical systems are where they are needed, 
when they are needed and that they work.”
Systems Support Software: a key generator of recurring revenues through the provision of a suite of software 
tools designed to help clients: manage and use complex data; ensure equipment availability at optimal cost; and comply 
with industry standards. Our Integrated Product Support (IPS) and Integrated Logistics Support (ILS) software and 
services equips customers with powerful market-leading toolsets to manage, model and utilise complex equipment 
data.
Technical Services: drives repeatable revenues through expert support for users of Pennant and third-party 
solutions including consultancy, support and maintenance, training and bespoke development.
Training Systems: project-based revenues relating to the design and build of hardware, software and virtual 
training solutions for maintainers and operators of aircraft, ships and land systems.
Pennant is strategically focused on sustainable recurring and repeatable revenues and profitability growth, shifting 
its model towards high margin software and services. Against a climate of rising defence budgets and the burgeoning 
technological complexity of military, aviation and rail platforms, the demand for these solutions is expected to grow 
substantially. 
Pennant Overview

7
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
7
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
 Group Key Financials
During the year we successfully completed the delivery to program milestones under 
a 3-year contract with Boeing Defence UK for updates to AH Mk1 Apache training 
equipment (“Apache”). Revenue recognised, in the Training Systems segment. Software 
& Services (recurring and repeatable revenue) is stable at £9.6 million (2023: £9.6 
million) and 69% of Group total.
Training Systems revenue of £4.2 million (2023: £6.0 million) chiefly comprises the 
Apache program.
 
The gross profit margin for the Period of 50% (2023: 50%), represents another record 
margin year for the Group and benefits from the profitable completion of the Apache 
program as well as the continued strategic shift of the Group towards software-related 
products and higher value services.
The reduction in adjusted(1) EBITA resulting from the lower sales year over year has been 
has been partially offset by a controlled cost base, resulting in an adjusted EBITA of £1.2 
million (2023: £1.8 million) and an adjusted loss before tax of £0.3 million (2023: profit 
£0.6 million).
 
(1) Various adjusted measures of performance are used throughout the annual report and are reconciled to 
statutory figures within the CFO Review on page 12.
Adjusted(1) Profit before Tax, a key measure of performance, will be our profitability 
measure going forwards as this factors in the amortised cost of our investments into 
R&D and specifically our core software platform - Auxilium.
 
The Group had net borrowings at the year-end of £2.3 million (2023: net borrowings of 
£1.9 million) excluding lease liabilities. 
Post year-end, the Group has taken actions to strengthen the balance sheet and ensure 
that ongoing operations are appropriately funded.
 
The Training Systems division restructuring exercise led to the reduction in global 
workforce from 140 at the end of 2023 to 121 at the end of 2024. Cash costs of the staff 
reduction exercise were £0.4 million, annual cost savings are expected to be c£2.0 million 
comprising staff costs, facility costs, depreciation and amortisation.
(1) Various adjusted measures of performance are used throughout the annual report and are reconciled to statutory figures within the CFO Review on page 12.
Group Key Financials 

8
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Ian Dighé - Chair
Chair's 
Statement
Ready to seize the Global opportunity 
I’m pleased to present my first full year annual report and 
accounts since being appointed Chair of Pennant International 
Group plc. During the Period, Pennant has continued its 
transformation into an increasingly software driven, scalable 
business with an improved financial and operating structure. 
This successful change positions Pennant with market leading 
products in a global market, a streamlined structure, and a 
focused go-to-market strategy.
Strategy 
Pennant is focused on generating sustainable recurring revenues 
and profitability growth, shifting its model towards high-margin 
software and services with greater visibility. First and foremost, 
it is expanding its market coverage through the development 
of the Group’s market-leading proprietary software suite - 
Auxilium - and higher value technical services.
The Group continues to seek other strategic opportunities to 
partner with or acquire complementary businesses which could 
accelerate the growth strategy.
Key Financials
For the year ended 31 December 2024, the Group recorded 
consolidated revenues of £13.8 million (2023: £15.5 million), 
again underpinned by the Group’s contracted revenue base. 
For a comprehensive breakdown of the Group’s programme of 
deliveries please refer to the operational review on pages 10 
and 11. 
The Group has maintained its gross margin for 2024 at 50% 
(2023: 50%) supporting the continuing strategic shift towards 
software and higher value services. As a result, the Group 
posted a consolidated adjusted EBITA profit of £1.2 million 
(2023: £1.8 million), which is in line with market expectations.
The Group’s net debt at the year-end was £2.3 million (2023: 
net debt of £1.9 million) which reflects, amongst other things, 
the continued investment in the integrated software suite, 
acquisition related expenses, and expenses related to aborted 
corporate activity. Post Period end, the Company realized, 
subject to contract, a total of £2.0 million in cash proceeds, net of 
fees, through property disposals pursuant to the restructuring, 
strengthening the balance sheet. 
These results reflect the costs and operational challenges of 
restructuring. The restructuring is expected to enable greater 
returns going forward through improved working capital cycles 
and the inherent operational gearing within the business. 
With structural foundations successfully laid by the new Board, 
we expect to fundamentally strengthen the Group’s balance 
sheet in the coming Periods. 
Dividend
The Directors believe that it continues to be both prudent, and 
in the Company’s and shareholders’ best interests, to retain cash 
for working capital and concentrate resources on execution of 
the current growth opportunities. 
The Board will therefore not be recommending the payment of 
a final dividend for the year ended 31 December 2024. 
Our People
It has been a year of progress and change for the Company, and I 
would like to thank all employees for their efforts in engineering 
that success. The resilience, flexibility and ability they have 
shown has underpinned the transformation I’ve detailed, and 
leaves Pennant in a strong position, ready to meet the needs of 
its markets. Supporting and motivating our workforce through 
appropriate incentives to ensure they continue to deliver for 
Pennant’s customers, remains a priority for the Board. 
Chair’s Statement

9
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Our Culture
The Board is dedicated to making sure that every employee 
across the Group understands and lives by Pennant’s ‘Core 
Values’ (outlined in detail on page 43). These values are at the 
heart of everything the Group does. They are also essential 
in shaping how we approach our policies, whether driven by 
legal requirements (such as anti-bribery or anti-counterfeiting 
laws) or by our ethical principles (fair treatment and equality 
of opportunity), treating all individuals with the respect they 
deserve regardless of their position. This requires strong 
leadership at all levels.   
Governance
The Board is also committed to upholding its track record 
of robust corporate governance. Working closely with its 
advisors, it monitors governance frameworks to ensure 
strong, proportionate governance throughout the Group; 
this is important given the number of geographies in which 
we are present. The Board has established appropriate risk 
management procedures and keeps key risks to the Group 
under regular, rigorous review. Further details of the Group’s 
principal risks and uncertainties are provided in the Principal 
Risks and Uncertainties section of the Annual Report. 
Board Changes
During the Period there were a number of Board changes.
I joined the Group as a Non-Executive Director and Chair 
designate with effect from 7 February 2024.
I assumed the role of Chair on 14 May 2024 on Phil Cotton 
announcing his intention to relinquish the Chair and to retire 
as Non-Executive Director following the Company’s Annual 
General Meeting on July 17th 2024.
In July 2024, the Group announced the appointment of Jon 
Kempster as Non-Executive Director and Chair of the Audit & 
Risk Committee with effect from 18 July 2024. 
Also, in September 2024, the Group announced the appointment 
of Klaas Van Der Leest as Non-Executive Director with effect 
from 3 September 2024.
On 13 August 2024, Michael Brinson, Chief Financial Officer, 
resigned to pursue other opportunities and stepped down as 
Director with immediate effect. 
We were delighted to appoint Darren Wiggins to the Board as 
Group Chief Financial Officer with effect from 9 November 2024 
following a period as Interim from September 2024.
Finally, Deborah Wilkinson has confirmed that she does not 
intend to stand for re-election at the 2025 AGM and will retire as 
a director on that date. I am particularly grateful for her support 
when, on joining the board in February 2024, I was asked to take 
the Chair at short notice. Deborah’s support and contribution in 
the transition phase of Pennant has been appreciated by both 
the board and executive and we all wish her well in her future 
endeavours.
Following this period of changes, I am highly confident that 
both the Board structure and wider staff resourcing are ideally 
positioned for the next stage of Pennant’s growth.
Further details on the Board members can be found in the 
Governance & Risks section of this document. 
Current Trading and Outlook 
The strategic investment into the Auxilium software suite brings 
to market a leading software solution aligned to addressing 
the challenges that operators face in managing, modelling and 
utilising vast amounts of complex systems data, whilst ensuring 
alignment to international standards and specifications, and 
enabling intelligent data-driven decisions. 
Against a climate of rising defence budgets, evolving governance 
requirements and the burgeoning technological complexity of 
military, aviation and rail platforms, Pennant’s unique integrated 
software capability offers defence forces, organisations and 
OEMs the solutions needed to address these challenges; and 
demand for these solutions is expected to grow substantially. 
The Board believes that the launch of the Auxilium product 
suite, coupled with the Group’s underlying strengths - our 
long-term customer relationships with governments and major 
OEMs, our specialist services, together with our quality-assured 
reputation - will provide significant opportunities that we are 
well positioned to pursue.
We have made a solid start to 2025 and the Board is pleased 
with the buoyant bid activity to date which should set us up for 
success in the current year and beyond. The board is confident 
that the trading remains on track with market expectations.
Approved by the Board on 23rd April 2025 
and signed on its behalf
Ian Dighé 
Chair
"the Auxilium software suite brings to 
market a leading software solution 
aligned to addressing the challenges 
that operators face."
Chair’s Statement

10
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Pennant has repositioned
In 2024 we have successfully implemented the first stages of 
the Group’s strategic plan to shift towards a highly scalable 
software and technical services model. 
Pennant has continued to invest in its integrated software 
suite and has taken decisive action to reposition the Group 
and accelerate the implementation of our growth strategy. 
The impact of these changes is already visible in our financial 
performance, with the Group meeting the market’s expectations 
for the full year.
Restructuring of Training Systems
Significant steps have been taken to streamline Pennant’s legacy 
Training Systems business segment and focus investment and 
resources on the growth of its Software and Technical Services 
segments which provide more predictable revenue streams, 
higher margins, greater scalability, and have a shorter working 
capital cycle. 
The workforce restructuring programme, as announced on 
23 September 2024, has been completed, with a headcount 
reduction of 29 roles achieved. Four commercial units at the 
Staverton site have also been sold subject to contract for 
consideration totaling £2.0 million net of disposal fees, with 
marketing of the remainder of the site ongoing.
The Training Systems business is now focused on delivering 
modifications, retrofits and overhauls to its installed base, and 
has an active pipeline of such opportunities. 
The Group, from 2025, has three business segments – Systems 
Support Software; Technical Services; and, Training Systems – 
delivered through its three core regions – EMEA, Americas and 
Asia Pacific and for financial reporting purposes presented as 
two cash generating units (“CGUs”) - Software & Services and 
Training Systems.
Auxilium Software
In line with the Group’s strategic objectives, Pennant has sought 
to grow its software capability, and has invested c. £1.4m 
during the Period to significantly improve the overall customer 
proposition and expand its offering.
The programme has now moved to its next phase which will see 
all three of the Group’s software applications – GenS, Analyzer 
and R4i – integrated into one, holistic solution - Auxilium.
Auxilium is designed to provide customers with a powerful 
market-leading toolset that allows users to manage, model and 
utilise vast amounts of complex systems data.
The investment into the Auxilium suite underpins Pennant’s 
efforts to increase revenue from software, higher value technical 
services and secure recurring contracts.
We believe Auxilium is the only fully integrated product support 
tool available that combines the breadth of capability on offer 
with the level of security that is expected and required in the 
Group’s end markets.
Moreover, Pennant has a 25-year track record of developing and 
supporting trusted software products for blue chip customers 
in the defence sector. With high barriers to entry in these 
markets, Pennant can cite an exemplary record of delivering 
and updating, applications for existing and new customers on a 
flexible, subscription basis.
Having reached version 3.0 of Auxilium in April 2024, a further 
integrated release went live on 31 March 2025 ahead of a fully 
integrated release scheduled for later in 2025.
Philip Walker - CEO
Chief 
Executive's 
Review
"Pennant already has a track record of 
delivering to a global list of household 
names in the Aerospace and Defence 
markets which provides a strong base."
Chief Executive’s Review

11
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Regional Operational Model
During the period, the Group implemented a new regional 
operational structure with roles redesigned to better align with 
its strategy and ensuring that a single person has responsibility, 
authority and accountability for key business functions.
The three segments provide a number of strategic benefits, 
including the ability to provide enhanced customer experience 
with operational support teams deployed in each region.
The table below highlights Pennant’s regional revenue for 2023 
and 2024.
Regional revenue
2024
2023
£000s
£000s
EMEA
7,351
8,821
Americas
2,743
4,051
Asia Pacific
3,681
2,663
Total
13,775
15,535
Europe, Middle East & Africa (EMEA)
Revenue generated in the EMEA region declined to £7.4 million 
(2023: £8.8 million).  The revenue was underpinned by existing 
UK training systems contracts with Boeing Defence, and UK 
technical services contracts with HMRC and rail operators.
As detailed in the Interim results on 23 September 2024, the 
Group had been engaged in significant bid activity during 
H1 2024, although increasingly protracted procurement 
timeframes were identified as a risk.
This challenge and the announcement of the Strategic Defence 
Review in the UK resulted in contract awards being deferred 
pending the outcome of the review (expected mid-2025), and 
this includes prospective programmes for which Pennant is a 
potential supplier. 
In light of this situation, management undertook a 
comprehensive review of the UK training systems business (as 
outlined above) and determined a decisive plan to reshape it 
to reflect the much-reduced workflow while retaining the skills, 
intellectual property and know-how to enable the delivery of 
future programmes, training software and associated services 
contracts in the UK and overseas. 
Americas
The North America business saw revenues decline to 
£2.7 million from £4.1 million in 2023.  This was driven by 
Government mandated procurement changes in respect of 
Pennant’s long-term contract with the Canadian Department of 
National Defence. After 23 years of single-source procurement, 
the contracting mechanism for the various tasks under the 
framework contract was changed to a competitive tender 
process per each individual task. 
During 2024, Pennant has successfully tendered and secured 
all tasks for which we have recompeted  which account for 
approximately 60% of historic annual recurring revenues. 
Pennant will continue to tender for further opportunities 
as they are released to market as the region looks to restore 
the level and long-term visibility of revenues that the legacy 
contract provided.
Asia Pacific
The Asia-Pacific business enjoyed a good year with resultant 
revenues increasing from £2.7 million to £3.7 million having 
secured Technical Services contracts to support the utilisation 
of Pennants technical publication and authoring software which 
continued to perform well and were extended for a further year.
Operationally, Pennant’s existing long term technical services 
contract in Wagga Wagga continued to perform well and was 
extended into 2027 (year 14 of a 20 year framework). 
Strategic Priorities
With the launch of Auxilium on 31 March 2025, the focus of our 
investment programme will move to development and delivery 
of the go to market strategy by expanding reseller, agent and 
partnership relationships globally to extend market channels 
into new territories. 
This also includes enhancing support software functionality 
through partners, including upgrades to the support portal and 
customer tools to ensure an excellent customer experience.
This investment continues the strategy to drive higher margin, 
recurring software revenues and higher value technical services, 
which when aligned with a favourable market backdrop provide 
a firm platform for continued progress in the current year.
Approved by the Board on 23rd April 2025
and signed on its behalf
P H Walker
Director
Chief Executive’s Review

12
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
The Pennant Group consists of two CGUs:
- Software & Services which comprises of our Systems
Support Software and Technical Services operations and,
- Training Systems comprising of our highly engineered
Training hardware operations.
During 2024 a restructuring exercise was undertaken to better 
align the Training Systems segment with current market 
conditions as a response to a hiatus in demand from the UK 
MoD and to focus on winning and delivering aftermarket 
service contracts – i.e. modifying, retrofitting and upgrading 
existing Pennant original equipment. The statutory financial 
performance of the Group has been materially impacted by 
the restructuring including the classification of certain UK 
properties as ‘held for sale’ current assets in accordance with 
IFRS 5. Where appropriate, reconciliations of statutory to 
‘adjusted’ income statement performance have been provided 
to aid understanding of our recurring trade and operations.
The Training Systems restructuring exercise led to the reduction 
in global workforce from 140 at the end of 2023 to 121 at the 
end of 2024, with a cash cost of the reduction exercise of £0.4 
million. The total restructuring expense recognised in the Group 
income statement of £2.1 million includes £1.6 million of non-
cash costs which are outlined later in my review. The estimated 
annualised cost savings resulting from the restructuring 
exercise are £2.0 million, comprising staff costs, facility costs, 
and depreciation and amortisation.
As part of the restructuring exercise, certain UK based facilities 
within the Training System were marketed for sale in the second 
half of 2024 at a total fair value of £2.9m after estimated selling 
costs. At the time of releasing these financial statements, £2 
million of net sales proceeds had been contracted the details of 
which are recorded as a post balance sheet event in the notes 
to the Group accounts. This will be used to reduce the Group’s 
borrowings.
The difficult decisions taken by the Board of Directors have 
strengthened the balance sheet and improved cost efficiencies 
thus setting the Group up for success in the future.
Financial review
The results and a review of the key financial performance 
indicators of revenue and profitability are set out below.
Performance 
Group revenue of £13.8m represents an 11% year over year 
reduction (2023: £15.5m). 
During the year we successfully completed the delivery to 
program milestones under a 3-year contract with Boeing 
Defence UK for updates to AH Mk1 Apache training equipment 
(“Apache”). Revenue recognised, in the Training Systems 
segment, from the Apache contract in the year was £3.5m 
(2023: £5.2m).
The gross profit margin for the year was 50% (2023: 50%), 
representing another record margin year for the Group which 
benefitted from the profitable completion of the Apache 
program as well as the continued strategic shift of the Group 
towards software-related products and higher value services.  
Administrative costs were held flat at £7.0 million (2023: 
£6.9 million) after adjusting items of £2.2 million comprising 
exceptional costs (£2.3 million), share based payment expense 
(£0.1 million) and gains on disposal of assets (£0.2 million) – see 
the reconciliation of statutory results to adjusted results below.
The improved margins coupled with the controlled cost base, 
resulted in an adjusted EBITA of £1.2 million (2023: £1.8 million) 
and an adjusted loss before tax of £0.3 million (2023: profit £0.6 
million).
The statutory loss before tax for the year of £3.0 million (2023: 
loss £0.4 million) includes £2.3 million of exceptional costs (2023: 
£0.3 million) and £1.6 million of intangible asset amortisation 
(£1.3 million). The ‘adjusted’ income statement performance 
excludes exceptional items (including share based payment 
charges and gains on disposal of land & buildings), as well as 
acquired intangible amortisation, and has been presented to 
aid understanding of our recurring trade and operations.
Darren Wiggins - CFO
Chief Financial 
Officer's 
Review 
Chief Financial Officer’s Review

13
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Adjusted numbers 
£m
2024
Statutory
Acquired 
Intangible 
Amortisation
Adjusted 
Items (1)
2024
 Adjusted
2023
Revenue
13.8
-
13.8
15.5
Gross profit
Gross profit %
6.9
50%
-
6.9
50%
7.7
50%
Other income
0.2
-
0.2
0.2
Admin costs
(9.7)
0.5
2.2
(7.0)
(6.9)
Operating profit / (loss)
(2.6)
0.5
2.2
0.1
1.0
Amortisation
1.6
(0.5)
-
1.1
0.8
EBITA
(1.0)
-
2.2
1.2
1.8
Depreciation
0.5
-
0.5
0.5
EBITDA
(0.5)
-
2.2
1.7
2.3
(1) Adjusted Items comprise exceptional costs £2.3 million, £0.1 million of shared based payment expense, and a £0.2 million gain on disposal of land & buildings 
(all recognised within administrative expenses).
Reconciliation of statutory results to adjusted results
A reconciliation of statutory EBITA to adjusted EBITA is as follows:
£000s
EBITA (reported loss)
(958)
Restructuring expense
2,105
Aborted transaction costs
218
Share based payments
70
Profit on sale of land & buildings
(231)
Adjusted EBITA (at 31 December 2024)
1,204
Adjusting items to statutory operating loss in the year are consistent with prior years and include:
•
Costs associated with the restructuring of the Training Systems division in the year totaling £2.1 million (2023: £nil).
These are shown as adjusting items due to their size and non-trading nature and included:
o
The impairment of capitalised development costs (classified as intangible fixed assets) totaling £0.8 million
relating to legacy Training Systems programs
o
Cash costs of staff redundancies totaling £0.4 million due to the downsizing of the Training Systems workforce
o
Impairment of fixtures, fittings and equipment totaling £0.3 million related to the downsizing and disposal of the
Training Systems operating facilities in Cheltenham, UK
o
Write down of inventory to the lower of cost and NRV totaling £0.4m relating to assets specific to legacy Training
Systems programs
o
Professional fees relating to the restructuring exercise totaling £0.1 million
•
Gains on sale of land & buildings (unrelated to the restructuring exercise) totaling £0.2 million
•
Transaction costs from an aborted corporate acquisition exercise undertaken in H1 totaling £0.2 million
•
An expense of £0.1 million in accordance with IFRS 2 and associated with outstanding employee share option awards
Chief Financial Officer’s Review

14
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Revenue analysis
An analysis of the Group’s revenue by operating segment and 
CGU is as follows:
2024
£000s
2023
£000s
Software licences and products
397
1,111
Software maintenance
1,893
1,589
Technical services
7,276
6,873
Sub-total Software and Services
9,566
9,573
Engineered solutions
3,554
5,229
Generic products 
655
733
Sub-total Training Solutions
4,209
5,962
Total Group Revenue
13,775
15,535
Revenues contributed by the Software and Services CGU 
remained flat at £9.6 million year over year and represented 
69% of the total revenue for the period (2023: 62%). The stability 
from repeatable contract work within the Technical Services 
segment drives the opportunity to benefit from inflationary 
increases while in the Software segment the pleasing increase 
in recurring maintenance revenues is tempered by the lower 
sales of software product licenses which we attribute to a delay 
in the purchasing decisions of our customers until the launch of 
the integrated Auxilium suite in 2025.
The reduction in Training Solutions revenue is explained by the 
successful completion of the Apache program discussed above.
Software and Services
Software licences & products
The software product sales in 2024 continued to be 
predominantly driven by R4i software sales, with the associated 
recurring maintenance revenues to follow on a recurring basis. 
Revenues, where perpetual licenses are sold, are recognised 
upon installation of the software and tend to be non-recurring 
in nature. Where products are sold on a subscription basis 
revenues are recognised over the duration of the subscription 
period for each customer.
Software maintenance
Software maintenance revenues are recurring by nature and 
are growing year on year, driven by the growth in the global 
customer base for the Group’s software solutions. The revenue 
is recognised over the duration of the maintenance period for 
each customer which can range from annual renewals to multi-
year agreements. The software is used to support the lifecycle 
of complex assets which can span decades. 
Technical services
The largely repeatable technical services revenue stream has 
increased from 44% of the Group’s revenues in 2023 to 53% 
in 2024 as contracts and relationships mature. The revenues 
are typically recognised on a consumption of benefit basis over 
time.
Training Solutions
Engineered solutions
In line with management expectations, revenues associated 
with engineered solutions have decreased from £5.2 million in 
2023 to £3.6 million in 2024. This is reflective of the operational 
stage of completion on the programmes which form the basis 
of this revenue stream which is recognised over time under 
IFRS 15. During the year, there was less work performed under 
contractual milestones within the Apache contract, for which 
the delivery across a 3 year period was largely completed.
Generic products
The revenue recognition for generic products is at a point in 
time (typically on delivery) under IFRS 15. Revenues for these 
products in 2024 was £0.7 million (2023: £0.7 million).
Cashflow / Net debt
The movement in net debt (as defined in the glossary to the 
annual report) is summarised as follows:
£000s
Net Debt at 31 December 2023
(1,879)
Net cash generated from operations
176
Net cash used in investing activities
(1,616)
Net cash generated from financing activities
1,141
Effect of foreign exchange rates
(107)
Net Debt at 31 December 2024
(2,285)
During the first half of the year and to support the 
required  strategic  investment  in our integrated  software 
suite the  Group utilised its 15% placing authority to raise 
circa £1.2 million after fees. The  Board  also  confirmed an 
intention to subscribe for a further £0.2 million of shares in 
aggregate, subject to a further placing authority being approved 
at the 2024 AGM.  The total proceeds after fees were £1.4 
million. These funds were deployed to support the continued 
capital investment in the integrated software suite. 
Chief Financial Officer’s Review

15
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Also included within investing activities was the penultimate 
payment (£0.3 million) relating to the 2020 acquisition of 
ADG, a critical component of our integrated software offering. 
Consideration was structured to include five ‘earn out’ payments 
attached to qualifying trading performance.
The Group had net borrowings at the year-end of £2.3 million 
(2023: net borrowings of £1.9 million) excluding lease liabilities. 
Post Period-end, the Group has taken actions to strengthen 
the balance sheet and ensure that ongoing operations are 
appropriately funded via:
-	
Exchange of contracts for the sale of certain properties 
at Staverton, Cheltenham, UK for a total of £2.0 million 
in cash proceeds net of selling costs and realising a 
profit on disposal of £0.1 million
-	
Renewal of the existing HSBC overdraft facility up to an 
available limit of £2.0 million of which £1.0 million is 
secured by a charge on the Group’s remaining owned 
properties at Staverton
Furthermore, the Group has an active pipeline of opportunities 
spanning the entire spectrum of products and services. Securing 
these pipeline orders will underpin the cashflows of the Group 
in 2025 and beyond.
Research & development
Research and development repayable tax credits expected to be 
claimed (for cash) in the UK for the Period amount to £0.2 million 
(2023: £0.3 million) on qualifying expenditure of £1.4 million 
(2023: £1.7 million). The claims relate to the development of 
innovative new hardware products within the Training Systems 
segment as well as software products for which IP is held in the 
UK within the Software & Services segment. 
Assets and liabilities and impairment 
review
The Group’s goodwill has been tested for impairment, and in 
accordance with IAS 36 “Impairment of assets” the recoverable 
amount has been assessed as being the higher of the fair value 
less costs to sell and the value in use.
Taxation
The Group’s tax position shows a tax credit of £0.5 million 
(2023: charge of £0.6 million) consisting of a current tax credit 
of £0.3 million (2023: £0.4 million) and a deferred tax credit 
of £0.2 million (2023: charge of £1.0 million). The current tax 
credit arises from R&D claims submitted with HMRC under 
UK government incentive plans and an in-year tax credit from 
losses in Canada. The deferred tax credit is due to a) the release 
of deferred tax liabilities relating to the change in use of land & 
buildings disposed post year end and classified as held for sale 
at year end, and b) a deferred tax credit in Pennant America Inc. 
due to temporary timing differences net of partial derecognition 
of a deferred tax asset relating to unused UK losses carried 
forward. More detail can be found in notes 4 and 27 to the 
financial statements.
The Group has total unrelieved UK tax losses carried forward of 
£7.0 million (2023: £6.8 million).
Going concern
As part of their consideration of going concern, the Directors 
have reviewed the Group’s future cash forecasts and projections, 
which are based on both market and internal data and recent 
experience. 
The Directors have concluded that there are scenarios whereby 
the levels of forecast new business converted, or the timings of 
conversion are delayed which represents a material uncertainty 
that may cast significant doubt upon the company’s ability to 
continue as a going concern.
Considering the Group’s current committed bank facility 
headroom, its access to liquidity from the post year end sale 
of surplus land & buildings, and the strength of its pipeline, the 
Directors consider it appropriate that the Group can manage its 
business risks successfully and adopt a going concern basis in 
preparing these Consolidated Financial Statements. 
Darren Wiggins, Director
"The Group has an active pipeline 
of opportunities spanning the entire 
spectrum of product and services."
Chief Financial Officer’s Review

16
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Operating KPIs
• People
• Customers
• Growth
• Financials
Strategic 
Improvement 
Priorities into
Annual Targets 
to Improve (TTIs)
Customer 
Experience 
Strategic 
Deployment 
Plan
Risk Management
(quarterly review 
and action plans)
Run The 
Business
(operational 
KPIs/QMS)
Integrated 
Business Plan
Integrated Business Planning (IBP) is a holistic approach that integrates strategic planning, operational planning, and 
financial planning within an organisation. IBP brings together various functions, including sales, marketing, finance, 
supply chain, human resources, IT and beyond to collaborate across business units and make informed decisions that 
drive overall business success.
At Pennant we use IBP to ensure that the customer experience is at the heart of everything we do. Our annual strategic 
planning process ensures that our long-term objectives are understood, aligned to our day-to-day operating activities 
and drive team members’ annual goals. We run the business on the philosophy that motivated people drive an excellent 
customer experience which in turn leads to growth opportunities and strong financial performance.
Integrated Business Plan

17
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Our Strategic Framework
Our strategy is comprised of four key areas of focus that will help us achieve our 
long-term objectives and generate meaningful shareholder value. It is centred on 
maintaining and growing our core capabilities and securing growth opportunities 
through advancing our strategic directives.
Strategic directives
•
Expand, and be first to market, with our end-to-end IPS software suite
•
Grow our technical services offering, through organic growth and acquisition
•
Optimise the Training Systems business
•
Deliver excellence in our customer experience
Our strategy in action:
•
Auxilium = Integration and acceleration of Pennant core software applications
into one, holistic software suite to create the next generation of IPS software
solutions
•
Restructured the Training Systems business to reduce cost base and operating
footprint – core focus on modifications, retrofits and upgrades to our installed
base
•
Investing in customer support digital tools that will make Pennant easier to
do business with
Integrated Business Plan

18
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Principal Risks And Uncertainties
Risk Management Review
Group-wide risk management is ultimately the responsibility of the Board (supported by the Audit & Risk Committee) with an 
operational framework overseen by the Commercial & Risk Director. 
Operational risk management is embedded in the Group’s business processes, which are set down in writing and compliance with 
which is monitored and audited by the Group’s internal Quality function (and periodically reviewed by external quality compliance 
auditors). 
Each live programme has a risk and opportunities register which is maintained by the relevant Programme Manager and reviewed 
regularly, in particular at standing monthly programme review meetings.
The Group’s key risks (operational and otherwise) are recorded in a Group Risk Register and those risks together with their 
respective mitigants, controls and corrective actions are regularly monitored by executive management and reviewed by the Audit 
& Risk Committee (and the Board as appropriate).  
Key risks
Key risks to the Group (and the relevant mitigants and controls employed by the Group) are explained below.
These are the risks which the Board considers, as at the date of this report, to be the most critical to the continued operation of 
the Group and the achievement of its strategic objectives. The risks described do not represent the totality of the risks facing the 
Group and should not be relied on as such by any person considering any investment decision in relation to the Company’s ordinary 
shares. 
Risk Management Review

19
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Description of risk
Potential impact
Mitigation and control
Realising the investment in Auxilium
With the significant investment made by 
the Group in the Auxilium software suite, 
it is critical to ensure that, over time, 
this investment is realised through the 
successful commercialisation of the suite.
This commercialisation could be sub-
optimally executed due to one or more of 
the following (or other) factors: inadequate 
product functionality; misjudging the 
market need; ineffective sales and 
marketing; under or over pricing.
Disappointing sales revenues 
lead to an impairment of 
the related intangible asset, 
causing financial losses to the 
Group.
The Group’s credibility in the 
integrated product support 
field is damaged as a result, 
leading to the loss of ancillary 
professional services work.
Auxilium conforms to various industry 
standards and comprises products with a 
long history in their respective niches, so it is 
unlikely that the underlying customer need 
has been seriously misjudged.
Early customer engagement has been 
ongoing since 2022 regarding GenS and, since 
2023, regarding the whole Auxilium suite. 
Feedback from customers has been positive 
and indicates that the market for a holistic, 
end-to-end solution is real.
The development of the Auxilium suite has 
been performed by skilled software architects 
and engineers in accordance with industry-
recognised development processes, including 
in relation to progressive testing.
New resource is being hired to support the 
existing Sales and Marketing personnel to 
ensure that sales and marketing activities are 
optimised, building on the early customer 
engagement.
A dedicated team has been created to 
establish effective distribution channels 
through selected agents and re-sellers to 
maximize indirect sales. 
Detailed financial and pricing models have 
been prepared, substantiating the proposed 
pricing structure (and forecast revenues 
relative to the quantum of the intangible 
asset) which has also been carefully sense-
checked against detailed multi-year records 
and knowledge of legacy pricing.
Liquidity risk
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group does 
not have sufficient cash to meet its financial 
obligations as they fall due, particularly due 
to timing challenges described in the ‘Order 
Intake Cycle’ risk and the ‘Cashflow Profiles’ 
risk below.
The Group may not be able 
to meet its contractual 
obligations to customers or 
make payments when due 
to suppliers, employees, 
tax authorities and other 
stakeholders.
The Directors regularly review the Group’s 
forecast working capital requirements, cash 
flow, current borrowing facilities and other 
funding options available to the Group. 
This analysis includes scenario testing of 
adverse factors and ‘reverse stress testing’ 
of the Group’s cash flows. The Directors 
assess the sensitivities of the cashflow 
forecasts and consider whether there are any 
uncertainties that could lead to the cashflow 
forecasts becoming more adverse than 
in each modelled scenario. The Directors 
also consider the availability and likelihood 
of potential mitigants (overdraft facility 
extensions and equity placings) should the 
need arise.
Risk Management Review

20
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Order Intake cycle
With a customer base of major defence 
contractors and government departments, 
the acquisition of Pennant’s products and 
services can be a lengthy process.
On larger ‘engineered-to-order’ 
programmes, it can take years from the 
initial customer request for a proposal to 
the award of a contract to Pennant. Such 
lengthy timelines can be a product of the 
prescribed procurement process itself and/
or delays ‘up stream’ on a prime contract.
Furthermore, the Strategic Defence Review 
in the UK has seemingly delayed several 
potential programmes pending its findings 
and recommendations.
With such long timelines to 
win major contracts (and 
related risks of delays within 
that timeline), it can be 
difficult to win sufficient work 
within a particular period, 
meaning challenges on 
revenue expectations and the 
management of resources.
The Group follows diligently the prescribed 
processes in order to win contracts, and 
engages at all relevant levels to understand, 
shape and secure the work. However, there 
is a limit to Pennant’s ability to accelerate 
awards, given the OEM and defence 
department constraints which inevitably 
apply to such processes.
The restructuring of the Training Systems 
segment referred to in the CEO Report was 
implemented in order to reduce fixed costs 
in that unit, thereby reducing the impact of 
delays in order intake, while retaining core 
skills and the ability to scale up as and when 
orders are received. 
The most important mitigant is the Group’s 
efforts (over a number of years, and 
which continue) to build up a solid base 
of recurring and repeatable software and 
services revenues with a view to these 
revenues forming an increasing proportion 
of the Group’s overall turnover and thereby 
mitigating reliance on, and exposure to, the 
timelines of the procurement process on 
larger defence projects. The launch of the 
Auxilium suite is a key pillar of this strategy.
Contract risk: cashflow profiles
The Group’s turnover, profits and 
cashflows, particularly in the Training 
Systems segment, can become significantly 
dependent on the timely delivery of a small 
number of high-value contracts. 
If delivery of such contracts 
is delayed, it can cause 
significant financial effects on 
the Group (particularly when 
judged by annual reporting).
Delays on delivery lead to a 
negative perception amongst 
stakeholders that the Group’s 
business is inconsistent and 
prone to ‘lumpy’ revenues. 
Large contracts generate 
significant working capital 
demands which, if they 
cannot be met, can jeopardise 
delivery of the contract (and 
continuance of the business 
generally).
The Group always seeks to negotiate cash-
neutral or cash-positive payment milestones 
such that contractual programmes of work 
are largely self-funding.
Where this is not possible, the Group has 
access to overdraft facilities with its bankers 
to fund working capital requirements. The 
Company can (and has evidenced an ability 
to) utilise its status as a public company to 
raise funding on the equity capital markets.
The Group is constantly seeking ways to 
enhance its recurring revenues (to increase 
profitable turnover generally and to mitigate 
the effects of ‘lumpy’ contracts).The targeted 
expansion of the Group’s software and 
services offerings is a natural mitigant to 
the reliance on, and risks of, high-value 
engineering programmes.
The Group employs qualified and 
experienced programme managers to 
manage delivery (including cost and risk) 
on all projects supported by a dedicated 
Commercial function. The programme 
managers, in turn, regularly report to the 
Group’s senior management.
Risk Management Review

21
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Contract risk: pricing and delivery 
The Group’s key contracts are often on a 
fixed price with a fixed delivery timeline. 
The Group will contract on fixed prices on 
‘engineered-to-order’ projects (e.g. for a 
platform-specific training aid or bespoke 
software development), where it has not 
previously designed and delivered the 
required product before. This creates a risk 
of mispricing a contract. 
Where a project has been keenly priced, 
any delays may cause budgets to become 
very strained.
A mispriced contract, even if 
delivered in compliance with 
its terms and timeline, can 
result in the Group failing 
to realise the desired profit 
on carrying out such work, 
with an associated negative 
impact on the Group’s overall 
financial performance.
A delay or failure to deliver 
a contract may result in 
reputational damage to 
the Group and entitle 
the customer to claim 
compensation (including, on 
some contracts, liquidated 
damages).
Considerable analysis and effort is applied in 
pricing each ‘engineered-to-order’ contract 
to ensure that all likely work and costs 
required to deliver that contract are reflected 
in the price. High-value contract bids are only 
released once approved through a ‘gated’ 
bid management process in accordance with 
written delegated authority framework.
The Group employs qualified and 
experienced programme managers to 
manage delivery (including cost and risk) 
on all projects supported by a dedicated 
Commercial function. The programme 
managers, in turn, regularly report to the 
Group’s senior management.
Where elements of a programme are to 
be outsourced, the Group is careful to deal 
with trusted suppliers with a track record of 
performance, wherever possible. 
Customer dependencies 
In delivering its ‘engineered-to-order’ 
programmes, the Group is often dependent 
on the provision of data from its customers 
and, in some cases, third parties.
The required data may not be available 
(because it has not yet been created or 
distilled into writing) or a third-party data 
owner may be unwilling to release the data.
If data is not received when 
required, and a programme 
is delayed, it may impact the 
Group’s ability to progress the 
programme, render invoices 
and recognise revenue. Data 
delays may lead to inefficient 
working and unbudgeted 
costs. In very serious cases, 
the delivery of the programme 
itself may be jeopardised.
This can be a difficult risk to manage. 
The importance of timely data flow to the 
Group is advised to customers at an early 
stage. The risk is always flagged to the 
customer in pre-contract negotiations, with 
a contractual dependency then placed on 
the customer to ensure the provision of the 
necessary data. 
The Group monitors the provision of data 
during the programme and is always alive to 
the risk of data flows drying up. The Group 
will negotiate the right to extensions of time 
and/or compensation where its contract 
delivery is impacted by data delays.
If a programme ultimately terminates due 
to this risk eventuating, the Group will 
have a right to payment for work done until 
termination.
Risk Management Review

22
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Legal and compliance risk
Due to the sectors in which it operates, the 
Group is subject to considerable legislation 
and regulation. In operating globally, the 
Group is subject to the laws of relevant 
foreign jurisdictions. 
For example: in selling its training systems 
overseas, the Group must comply with UK 
export control laws; in receiving and using 
certain data, it must comply with the US 
ITAR regulations; in designing its hardware 
trainers, it must comply with various EU and 
UK safety laws.
Failure to comply with relevant 
legislation and regulation 
may result in the Group being 
unable to sell its products. 
The Group and its officers may 
be found criminally liable for 
breaches of foreign legislation 
and/or face civil penalties. 
Serious breaches of health 
and safety law may result in 
the Group’s operations being 
suspended.
The Group has an experienced Commercial 
team with considerable export expertise. 
The Commercial & Risk Director is a qualified 
lawyer and provides legal advice to the Group 
as appropriate.
External legal counsel (both UK and overseas) 
are retained, together with  safety and 
compliance advisers to augment its internal 
quality and health & safety team.  
Internal programmes for training and 
awareness of key risks areas are in place (e.g. 
health & safety legislation; cyber security and 
data protection).
Information systems and security 
The Group’s operations are heavily 
dependent on the availability and security 
of its IT systems. A diverse range of software 
platforms and applications are needed to 
deliver the Group’s contracts. 
If key systems are unavailable, 
the Group’s delivery of 
customer contracts may be 
delayed or prevented, with 
consequent potential adverse 
effects on revenue.
The ‘hacking’ of, or a 
successful cyber-attack 
against, the Company’s 
systems leads to serious 
negative reputational and 
contractual consequences, as 
well as regulatory breaches.
The Group has dedicated IT personnel in all 
regions tasked with ensuring the security and 
availability of the systems. 
The Group follows best practice as regards 
IT security and has industry standard 
accreditations. The Group assigns 
considerable budgets and internal effort to 
solutions for protecting its IT environments, 
and protecting its (and its customers’) data.
Managing resources
Given the ‘Order Intake’ risk described 
above, planning for and securing the right 
resources at the right time is a challenge.
The Group needs staff with a wide range 
of specialist technical skills, including 
engineering and software design and 
programming. Subject matter expertise 
is required in various areas and the pool 
of people with the appropriate skills is 
inherently limited. Specialist skills and a 
relatively small workforce can give rise to 
‘single points of failure’.
If the Group is unable to 
secure the necessary human 
resources, the timely delivery 
of its contracts may be 
jeopardised, with potentially 
negative effects to revenue 
and profit.
Conversely, resources may be 
over-provisioned or secured 
at the wrong time, incurring 
unnecessary costs/allocating 
capital which might be used 
elsewhere.
The Group carefully monitors resourcing 
plans and utilisation levels. Employee 
training and development is prioritised in 
technical areas so that skills gaps can be 
filled internally. Cross-skilling and sharing of 
internal resources is encouraged and actively 
managed (e.g. with software engineers from 
the Training Systems teams being deployed 
on Auxilium). This is intended to reduce and 
if possible eliminate the risk of single points 
of failure. 
Specialist search and recruitment firms 
are used when needed (together with 
professional networks) to source niche skill 
sets.
The Group has actively managed its real 
estate, disposing of surplus freehold 
properties as described in the CEO Report. 
Risk Management Review

23
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
About Pennant
Founded in 1958, Pennant has evolved over the past eight decades, from modest beginnings, into a market-leading technology-led 
software and services business with a truly global customer base.
The Group operates principally in the areas of civil and military aviation, defence, space and rail with customers including global 
defence primes, government departments, overseas aviation colleges, and rail operators.
We are confident that the supportive strategic backdrop for our products and services point towards significant potential for 
growth:
•
we have few competitors that can provide our end-to-end solutions and services, and there is more we can do for
existing customers and for many customers in existing areas who need our services;
•
increasing global investment (land, naval, air, rail) means platforms are becoming more sophisticated and complex,
thereby increasing the requirement for specialist technical training and integrated product support;
•
the use of ‘real’ equipment for training has safety implications, is expensive and often impractical, which is driving the
use of technology whilst supporting the environmental agenda;
•
there is a continuing trend for defence forces and other organisations to outsource training and integrated product
support services, including updating their training devices and managing their data;
•
the movement to performance based contracts has pushed the responsibility of operational availability modelling and
costing onto the OEM’s;
•
the integrated product support process and the management of data is becoming ever more critical and the cost and
complexity of programs is increasing; and
•
from a global perspective the uncertain global outlook is driving commitments to increase expenditure in defence, the
aviation sector is starting to return to pre-pandemic levels and delayed investments in sectors such as rail are returning.
Pennant has a diverse portfolio of technology-based training solutions and integrated product support capabilities that enables it 
to offer a wide range of solutions to both the defence and regulated civilian sectors and is ideally placed to take advantage of the 
trends outlined above. 
The Group has offices worldwide: in the UK (with its head office sites in Cheltenham and offices in Manchester and Fareham), 
Australia (in Melbourne and Wagga Wagga), Ottawa in Canada and an office in the US (Boston).
The Company was admitted to trading on the AIM market in 1998 and has traded as a public company ever since.
Products and Services
Pennant is a market leading provider of systems support and training solutions to defence departments and major OEMs world-
wide to maximize operational and maintenance efficiency.
About Pennant

24
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Integration
Common data repository - Single source of truth that ensures traceability and 
integrity, that support a range of global standards & specifications
Configuration
Logistic Support Analysis (LSA) improves the availability and reliability of 
systems, by ensuring that maintenance and support are well-planned to optimize 
cost
Analysis
Model-based supportability and analysis tool to make informed decisions for an 
asset’s life cycle support solution
Authoring & Publishing
For rapid creation of S1000D and ATA Technical manuals, published in PDF or 
IETP
Auxilium - Systems Support Software
Pennant owns a market leading suite of software products that integrate together to create an end-to-end solution  – Auxilium.
What is Auxilium?
The core software products within the Pennant toolbox are as follows:
•
GenS Product Suite which is a logistics support analysis software used worldwide by major defence contractors
and by the defence authorities in Canada and Australia to maximise efficient logistical support on complex
long-life assets.
•
Analyzer toolkit which is a fast, accurate and user-friendly optimisation tool.  It identifies preferred product
sustainment strategies through options analysis and supports operational readiness at an affordable life cycle
cost.
•
R4i product suite provides its users with a dynamic, S1000D-compliant publication solution. The R4i solution is
licenced software and provides related support, maintenance and consultancy services.
The Group’s software development and investment continues to be focused on the integration of Pennant’s three core 
applications - GenS, Analyzer and R4i – being integrated, into one holistic solution – Auxilium, which will provide users 
with a powerful market-leading toolset to manage, model and utilise vast amounts of systems data in an end-to-end 
solution.
About Pennant

25
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Why Auxilium?
25
About Pennant
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024

26
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Technical Services 
Pennant provides expert services to support users of Pennant or third party solutions in regulated sectors. 
From Training Needs Analysis Development to final disposal, Pennant can plan, implement and manage every stage of a support 
life cycle. 
Pennant’s dedicated technical teams have a core level of qualified and experienced subject matter experts, providing us with 
the skills and knowledge to establish Pennant’s reputation for delivering highly professional, reliable and cost-effective technical 
services. 
Pennant has a proven track record in providing technical services across a wide range of sectors and around the globe. 
Technical services capabilities include: 
1.
Training needs analysis (TNA)
2.
Courseware development
3.
Software development
4.
Technical publications, IETMS, S1000D etc.
5.
Studio services - 2D & 3D design / models, VR media
development, film and media production, laser and video
scanning, E-learning and CBT, illustration, authoring,
copywriting and translation
6.
Competency mapping to EASA, EMAR, City of Guilds etc.
Training Solutions
Engineered Solutions & Generic Products
An established supplier to the UK Ministry of Defence (MoD) and other major defence contractors, Pennant has a proven capability 
in the design, development, manufacture and delivery of training solutions including: 
•
Translating and developing a training requirement into a deliverable product
•
Providing Subject Matter Expertise in specialist and technical areas, Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR) & 3D
walk-through applications
•
Hardware & software based Part Task Trainers (PTT)
•
Hardware & software based simulators for Operators and Maintainers
Pennant equipment offers a modern, blended training solution enabling ab-initio students to benefit from a suite of modern, 
generic, and bespoke training aids offering operation and maintenance savings and improved safety outcomes. These training aids 
complement training on real equipment and include basic hand skills devices, virtual reality trainers and maintenance emulators 
for regulated sectors.
Pennant has a wide range of generic products based on real or simulated equipment interfaced with software emulations and 
instructor control facilities. Ranging from basic hand-skills training aids to complex multi-function simulators, these devices provide 
an end-to-end training solution for non-type specific training requirements.
In addition to the suite of generic training products, Pennant has an experienced team of systems engineers that analyse, design, 
and manufacture bespoke engineering solutions to satisfy specific training needs. This equipment can be platform specific or 
custom-built, and can include simulators, part-task trainers, and procedural trainers for both defence and civilian customers.
7.
In service support
8.
Preventative and corrective maintenance
9.
Instruction and training delivery
10. Rail survey services
11. Consultancy, spares and obsolescence management
12. Dismantling and disposal
13. Integrated logistic support (ILS) services and planning
About Pennant

27
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Client Need:
Defence Australia (‘DA’) needed to improve efficiencies 
and reduce costs through the better management of 
equipment relating to the operation of their air platforms.
Pennant's Solution:
Pennant provided its configuration management software 
to manage the platform data. 
Result:
Pennant software is now embedded with the client - We 
have subsequently installed a suite of training systems 
(circa £10.0m) and supplied our technical documentation 
software alongside professional authoring services.
Opportunity:
We are in negotiations to enhance the training system 
capability, upgrade the DA database and documentation 
software to a subscription basis model.
Longevity of Client:
DA has been a client since 2003 and services are contracted 
until at least 2027, with the aim of extending this until 
2033. Annual recurring software and services revenues 
from Australian Defence currently total £1.75m.
Case study - Australian Defence
"Pennant's ongoing support in 
the design, development and 
maintenance of innovative training 
assets continues to be a major factor 
behind our continued success."
- BAE Systems Australia
About Pennant

28
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Environmental, Social & Governance
At Pennant we believe that a commitment to the principles of Environmental, Social and 
Governance (ESG) not only makes good business sense for us and our key stakeholders, but 
also complements our business strategy.
Environmental
We recognise the need to minimise our environmental impacts and 
take great pride in the measures and solutions we take to support our 
environment and tackle climate change. Pennant remains committed to our 
sustainability work and understands it is essential to protect the planet. In 
our framework on our Company website (www.pennantplc.com) you can 
read about how we are doing this through our product, suppliers, electric 
vehicles, light and water.
Social
We aim to deepen relationships with our key stakeholders by investing in 
our employees and partnering with our customers, communities, investors 
and suppliers. We focus on creating the right workplace culture in which 
employees feel valued, respected, empowered, and inspired. The Group 
is committed to creating a positive impact in the global communities and 
the regions we operate. We recognise the significance of enhancing these 
communities, fostering local connections, and striving to make them better 
places for all. In our framework you can read about talent development, 
benefit and wellness, community involvement and more.
Governance
Not only is it legislation but we have a high set of standards we expect all 
our colleagues to work to when trading responsibly and enforcing good 
practice. Through a number of Group policies we are addressing: Economic 
Inequality, Cyber Security, Human Rights & Modern Slavery Acts, as well as 
Suppliers and Responsible Trading. In our framework read about Section 
172, our commitment and the Board.
Volunteering
Pennant employees are entitled to two paid days of volunteering leave 
each year. Volunteering is a powerful force for positive change, and 
the scheme supports charities, local communities, and individuals in 
need. It not only benefits others but also enriches our staff by fostering 
connections, enhancing skills, and promoting well-being.
Pennant’s ESG Framework is available on our website here: 
https://www.pennantplc.com/esg/ 
hours of H&S training 
completed across the 
Group in 2024.
356
hours volunteered by 
the Pennant group in 
2024, through our 
volunteering scheme.
67
About Pennant

Volunteering Story:
Making a Difference, One Meal at a Time
FORaMEAL, a project by the Rotary Club of Canterbury, provides emergency 
meals to those affected by natural and other disasters. Each year, they distribute 
meals free of charge to vulnerable individuals and families worldwide.
During the Stage 4 COVID-19 restrictions in Melbourne, they redirected part of 
their FORaMEAL efforts to support the most vulnerable locals, providing over 
200,000 meals. In June 2024, an additional 110,000 meals were provided to 
Food Bank Victoria for distribution by their front-line charity partners to help 
feed and meet the nutritional needs of many facing financial difficulties due to 
the current cost of living increases.
On August 22, 2024, a Pennant Melbourne team of four decided to lend 
a helping hand, and use of their two days volunteering leave to support 
FORaMEal. Colleagues arrived at Camberwell Grammar School at 2:00 PM to set 
up production lines. Each line included lentils, oats, rice, and sachets of essential 
vitamins and minerals. Their task was to fill the packs, weigh and heat seal them, 
and then box them up. Each pack provides a balanced and nutritious meal for 
5-6 people! By 3:00 PM, several production lines were in full swing, and by 6:00 
PM, the truck was loaded with over 20,000 meals.
One of our Pennant colleagues, Pamela Knyvett shared, “This was an amazing 
opportunity to help those in need, and I am looking forward to being involved 
again. I really enjoyed being part of this activity and appreciated how much 
could be achieved when everybody works together. Sharing this experience with 
my Melbourne colleagues was also very special.”
Together, we can make a difference!
29
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
About Pennant

30
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Section 172 Statement 
•
This section serves as our section 172 statement and should be read in conjunction with the rest of the Strategic Report
set out on pages 4 to 28 (inclusive).
•
The Directors are fully aware of their duty to promote the success of the Company in accordance with section 172 of the
Companies Act 2006.
•
Section 172 of the Companies Act 2006 requires Directors to take into consideration various matters including the interests
of certain stakeholders in their decision making.
•
Board decision-making primarily takes place at Board meetings via full and open discussions facilitated by the Chair and
with reference to Board papers prepared and circulated in advance of the meeting. Where possible, decisions are reached
through consensus or, where this is not possible, a vote. The key points of any decision are captured in Board minutes and,
where applicable, incorporated into the Group’s Integrated Business Plan (IBP).
•
With a view to supporting such decision-making, the Company maintains a written policy statement (with a periodic
review cycle) which sets out its key business relationships including customers and suppliers, as well as insurance and
advisory engagements, and how the Company approaches its relationships with these parties.
•
The Company’s strategy is focused on realising long-term profitable growth for the benefit of all stakeholders. To ensure
that this overriding objective is kept in mind, the strategy exists as a written, Board-approved document (containing multi-
year targets) and the specific actions which underpin its implementation are recorded within the IBP. Decisions can then
be taken with this long-term view in mind and with reference to the effects or relationship with existing actions in the IBP.
The CEO Review on pages 10 to 11 contains further details on the strategy and its implementation.
•
The following bullet points provide some detail as to the approach taken in relation to key matters and stakeholders.
o
Shareholders: Investors are at the centre of all financial discussions including equity, distributions and corporate
finance, with the Board taking advice from the Company’s nominated adviser and its corporate lawyers as
appropriate. As examples during the period: the decisions as to non-payment of a dividend, and the continued
internal investment in the Auxilium software suite.
Led by the Chair and CEO, the Company is active in engaging with its investors, holding periodic meetings, calls and
an open Q&A at the AGM. Fairness between investors is prioritised during such engagements, and presentations
are made available on the Company’s website so that all investors can view them.
o
Customers: customers are integral to the Company’s business with the customer experience sitting at the centre
of our Integrated Business Plan outlined on page 16. Often working together on long-term multi-year programmes,
the Company endeavours to build strong relationships with its customers at every level and is undertaking several
strategic initiatives aimed at improving our customers’ experience.
The Board places a significant premium on the Group’s reputation for quality and gives its full support to the
maintenance of the Group’s ISO9001 status.
About Pennant

31
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
o
Employees: without employees, there is no business. The Company’s approach to the interests of its employees
is detailed on page 43 of this report, explaining how the Company has sought to engage with, and properly take
account of, its valued employees. The Group’s culture and related behaviours are driven (and closely monitored)
by the Board, with employee feedback (via staff suggestion schemes, employee surveys and other channels) being
delivered to the Board periodically.
o
Suppliers: the Group works closely with its suppliers, and has a core cohort of trusted partners. The Group is
committed to fair dealing with its suppliers, including meeting agreed payment terms, and favours building lasting
relationships.
o
Community and environment: the Board is mindful of the Group’s impact on the environment and the communities
within which it operates. The Group has implemented various recycling, energy usage monitoring and waste
reduction programmes, incentivises electrical vehicle use and tracks products which may need safe disposal in
the future. Community engagement is highly regarded at Board level, with apprenticeships, work experience and
science fairs all supported.
In addition, the Commercial & Risk Director (as a practising solicitor, with substantial company law experience) is available to 
provide guidance to his fellow Board members as to the substance of the duties in question. 
Approved by the Board on 23 April 2025
and signed on its behalf
P H Walker
Director
About Pennant

32
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Governance
The Group is committed to good corporate governance and 
this section of the annual report details the Group's current 
governance arrangements.

33
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Corporate Governance Review
The Board 
The business of the Group is ultimately managed by the Directors 
of Pennant International Group plc, who are responsible 
for running the Group for the benefit of its shareholders in 
accordance with their fiduciary and statutory duties.
The Board is led by the Chair, who is responsible for the Group’s 
corporate governance arrangements and who ensures that 
all members of the Board are able to contribute to Board 
discussions and decision-making. All Directors acknowledge 
their collective responsibility and legal obligation to promote 
the best interests of the Group. 
The effectiveness of the Board is kept under review by the Chair, 
and the Group’s nominated adviser is able to attend Board 
meetings to review the Board in action and the contributions 
of its members (with any feedback being shared with the 
Chair). The Chair also regularly solicits feedback on Board 
effectiveness from the nominated adviser, institutions and 
other shareholders. Feedback indicates that investors remain 
supportive of the Company’s strategy and approach, with no 
proposals received that efforts ought to be targeted elsewhere. 
Succession planning for the Board is kept under review by the 
Chair having regard to the current composition of the Board 
and taking into account corporate governance guidelines 
and business requirements. In matters relating to the Chair’s 
succession, the lead is taken by the other independent Non-
Executive Directors, consulting with stakeholders as appropriate. 
In discharging its duties, the Board is supported by three 
standing committees (the “Committees”): the Audit & 
Risk Committee; the Remuneration Committee; and the 
Nominations Committee. The Terms of Reference for each of 
the Committees are available on the Group’s website (www.
pennantplc.com/investors) and a summary of their respective 
functions is provided below. The Terms of Reference for each 
of the Committees are approved by the Board, with the last 
update being in September 2024.  
The Board has four Non-Executive Directors and three Executive 
Directors. The Board considers that all of its Non-Executive 
Directors are independent.  
The Group has a written strategic plan to expand the business 
with a view to growth in shareholder value. This strategy is kept 
under review by, and evolves under the guidance of, the Board. 
The key challenges in implementing the Group’s business model 
and strategy are documented on pages 18 to 22.
The Board typically holds six or seven scheduled meetings 
per year plus Committee meetings. The Group’s corporate 
governance arrangements are explained in more detail on the 
governance pages of the Group’s website: 
https://www.pennantplc.com/investors/ 
The Directors
Ian Dighé 
Mr Dighé is an independent Non-Executive Director and is the 
Company’s Chairman. He was appointed to the Board on 7th 
February 2024. Ian chairs the Nominations Committee. 
Ian has significant listed company and City experience, gained 
throughout his executive career with a particular focus on the 
investment banking, corporate broking, asset management 
and closed-end funds sectors. In addition, he is experienced in 
developing boards and senior management teams.
Ian was a co-founder of Bridgewell Group plc and Chairman of 
Miton Group plc from February 2011, overseeing the successful 
refinancing and subsequent growth of the group, before he 
retired from the Miton board in December 2017.
He is currently Chairman of The Investment Company plc and 
an independent director of Seneca Growth Capital VCT plc.
Jon Kempster
Mr Kempster is an independent Non-Executive Director who 
was appointed to the Board on 18th July 2024. He is a chartered 
accountant (ACA) who trained with Price Waterhouse and 
holds a BA (Hons) in Business Studies. He has over 25 years in 
the Boardroom of industry-leading FTSE-listed plcs, including 
Linden Homes, Low & Bonar, Wincanton, and Frasers Group.
Jon is currently a Non-Executive Director of AIM quoted Norman 
Broadbent plc, Cambridge Cognition plc and Synetics Plc. He is 
also a Director of Delta Pension Nominees Limited.
Jon chairs the Audit & Risk Committee and is a member of the 
Nominations Committee and the Remuneration Committee.
Corporate Governance Review 

34
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Klaas van der Leest
Klaas van der Leest is an independent Non-Executive Director 
who was appointed on 3rd September 2024. 
Mr van der Leest is currently Chief Executive Officer of Intercede 
Group PLC, an AIM-quoted cybersecurity business which has 
seen revenue growth of 100% since his appointment in 2018. 
Prior to Intercede, he was Managing Director at Intelecom UK 
Ltd, an independent private equity-backed communications 
SaaS business, leading the organisation’s transformation, and 
trebling subscription licence sales over a three-year period.
Mr Van der Leest has held various other senior executive 
positions for UK technology businesses with a focus on product 
development and sales strategies.
Klaas is a member of the Audit & Risk Committee, the 
Nominations Committee and the Remuneration Committee.
Deborah Wilkinson
Ms Wilkinson is an independent Non-Executive Director who 
was appointed to the Board on 1st February 2023. She is a 
chartered accountant (FCA) who trained with Deloitte and holds 
a BEng (Hons) in Mechanical Engineering. 
Ms Wilkinson has held various financial and commercial 
leadership roles with a range of businesses and has extensive 
experience in the defence aviation sector with Airborne Systems 
Group and IrvinGQ Limited.
Deborah is currently a non-executive director of Compound 
Semiconductor Applications Catapult Limited
Deborah is chair of the Remuneration Committee and a member 
of the Audit & Risk Committee and the Nominations Committee.
Deborah will retire as a director at the 2025 AGM.
Philip Walker
Mr Walker is the Group’s Chief Executive Officer. He was 
appointed to the Board on 3rd November 2014 as Chief 
Financial Officer, being promoted to CEO in February 2017. 
Mr Walker is a chartered accountant and qualified Corporate 
Finance professional.
Since joining Pennant, Mr Walker has brought his experience 
to bear in driving the review, renewal and implementation of 
Group Strategy. He originated and implemented the strategy 
to transition the company from a primarily project-based and 
capital-intensive operation to a high margin software and 
technical services business.
Prior to joining the Company, Mr Walker worked for Grant 
Thornton UK LLP and Barclays Bank Plc. At Grant Thornton, he 
led numerous corporate finance transactions (both buy side and 
sell side) and developed and implemented strategic plans for 
a number of businesses. While at Barclays, Mr Walker worked 
with businesses with a turnover of between £5 million and £50 
million, focusing on debt structuring, including working capital, 
investment, trade finance and the restructuring of facilities. 
He provided structuring advice on various types of corporate 
transactions.
Since joining Pennant, Mr Walker has brought this experience 
to bear in driving the review, renewal and implementation of 
Group strategy. 
Mr Walker is responsible for the day-to-day running of all Group 
businesses and the execution of Group strategy.
Darren Wiggins
Mr Wiggins is the Group’s Chief Financial Officer. He was 
appointed to the Board on the 20th November 2024. 
Mr Wiggins is a chartered accountant with over 20 years’ 
experience, having previously held senior executive positions 
in finance and operational roles. Prior to Pennant, Mr Wiggins 
worked for Meggitt Aerospace and Melrose plc.
As CFO, Mr Wiggins is responsible for the day-to-day financial 
management of the Group and leads the relationships with its 
auditors, bankers and tax advisors.
Corporate Governance Review 

35
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
David Clements
Mr Clements is the Commercial & Risk Director. He joined the 
Group in June 2017 and was appointed to the Board in October 
2017. 
He is a practising solicitor with extensive experience in corporate 
and commercial law and practice, gained advising AIM-
quoted and private companies particularly in the engineering, 
manufacturing and software sectors. Prior to joining Pennant, 
he was with the law firm Charles Russell Speechlys.
As Commercial & Risk Director, Mr Clements is responsible for 
commercial, risk management, administrative and infrastructure 
functions across the Group.
Mr Clements also acts as Company Secretary to all Group 
companies, advising the Chair on corporate governance matters 
and being available as a ‘sounding board’ for other Directors. Mr 
Clements works closely with the Company’s nominated adviser 
to ensure proper management of investor relations, company 
law and AIM compliance. He is experienced on public company 
regulatory compliance and Takeover Code matters.
Maintaining the Board's Skills 
The Directors acknowledge their responsibility to maintain their 
skills, knowledge and competences. For example, Directors 
complete appropriate ‘continuing professional development’ 
in support of their respective professional qualifications and 
attend forums and briefings organised by trade bodies and 
others on industry developments and wider changes.
Prior to any appointment being made to the Board, any 
prospective Director is subject to a full due diligence exercise 
conducted by the Company’s nominated adviser which addresses 
such issues as experience, skills and competences (as well as 
vetting for adverse court judgements and disqualifications).
The Board will seek guidance from external advisers when 
appropriate and regularly obtains independent legal, tax and 
financial advice. For example, during the period, the Directors 
obtained extensive professional advice in respect of a potential 
acquisition and fundraising via a placing. 
Based on the skills and expertise highlighted in the profiles 
of each Director above, the Board is confident that it has the 
necessary mix of capabilities, experience and personal qualities 
to deliver the Group’s strategic objectives. 
The Committees 
Audit & Risk Committee
The Audit & Risk Committee’s role is to determine and apply 
policy on behalf of the Board to the financial reporting, internal 
controls and risk management framework of the Group and to 
maintain an appropriate relationship with the Group’s auditors.
The Committee comprises Jon Kempster (as chair), Debbie 
Wilkinson and Klaas van der Leest. It typically meets at least 
three times a year at appropriate times in the reporting and 
audit cycle and otherwise as required.
Given the nature of the Group’s business, the Committee 
pays particularly close attention to reviewing and discussing 
with the external auditors the management’s judgements on 
the application of revenue recognition policies in relation to 
material projects as well as carefully reviewing matters relating 
to the valuation of the Group’s assets and its status as a going 
concern.
The Group does not engage its auditors for non-audit services.
Remuneration Committee
The Remuneration Committee’s role is to determine and apply 
policy on behalf of the Board to the remuneration and benefits 
of Executive Directors and to ensure compliance with best 
practice (including reporting to shareholders). The Committee 
comprises Debbie Wilkinson (as chair), Klaas van der Leest and 
Jon Kempster.
During the year, the Committee, operating under its Terms of 
Reference, discharged its responsibilities, including determining 
and agreeing with the Board the framework or broad policy 
for the remuneration of the Group’s Chief Executive Officer, 
Chair, the Executive Directors, the Company Secretary and such 
other members of the Group’s Executive management as it is 
designated to consider.
The Committee also reviews and approves the Executive 
Directors’ proposals (if any) following annual review of 
employee pay and benefits.
Nominations Committee 
The Nominations Committee’s role is regularly review 
the structure, size and composition (including the skills, 
knowledge, experience and diversity) of the Board and make 
recommendations to the Board with regard to any changes.
The committee was formally constituted on 19 September 
2024, prior to which the consideration of any prospective 
nominations was a matter for the full Board.
Corporate Governance Review 

36
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Attendance
Directors are required to devote such time and effort to their duties as is required to secure their proper discharge and, for Non-
Executive Directors, this typically entails up to two days of meetings per month as well as reading and preparation time. A full pack 
of management information (in consistent, agreed form) is provided to the Board in advance of every meeting. Each Executive 
Director has a full-time service agreement.  
Directors’ attendances at meetings of the Board and its Committees during 2024 were as follows: 
Board
Audit & Risk 
Committee
Remuneration 
Committee
Nominations 
Committee
P Walker 
10/10
-
-
-
D Clements
10/10
-
-
-
P Cotton (resigned 17 July)
6/6
1/1
-
-
M Brinson (resigned 13 August)
7/7
-
-
-
D Wilkinson 
10/10
3/3
2/2
-
I Dighé (appointed 7 February)
10/10
3/3
2/2
-
J Kempster (appointed 18 July)
4/4
2/2
2/2
-
K van der Leest (appointed 3 September)
3/3
1/1
2/2
-
D Wiggins (appointed 20 November)
1/1
-
2/2
-
Compliance with Corporate Governance Codes
The Company has adopted the QCA Corporate Governance Code and a detailed statement of the Company’s compliance against 
the code (together with references to supporting material) is provided on the Group’s website: www.pennantplc.com/investors. 
Operational Governance
Day-to-day running of the Group’s business is delegated by the Board to the Executive Directors led by the Chief Executive Officer. 
The Executive Directors have established a management and reporting framework across the Group, overseen by an Executive 
Committee comprising the Executive Directors together with the regional managing directors, the Business Development Director 
and the Chief Product Officer.
Following its approval by the Board during the period, the Group’s three-year plan is being implemented by the Executive Committee 
through the various operating units of the Group. Clear channels are in place, with a structured meeting cycle, for the exchange of 
information from the Group’s operating units to the Executive Directors and the Board and for the reciprocal provision of direction.
Key performance indicators (at both a contract and functional level) are reported monthly, providing visibility and accountability 
across the business leading to better products and services for customers, allowing effective risk management, and ensuring the 
Group retains its quality accreditations. The KPIs focus on four key themes: people; customer delivery & experience; growth & 
order intake; financial performance.
Corporate Governance Review 

37
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Financial Control 
The Board has overall responsibility for the Group’s system of internal financial control and for reviewing its effectiveness. The 
purpose of the system of control is to manage rather than eliminate the risk of failure to achieve business objectives and it can only 
provide reasonable, but not absolute, assurance against misstatement or loss.
The Executive Director within the Group responsible for day-to-day financial management of the Group’s affairs is the Group’s CFO, 
Darren Wiggins, under the supervision of the Audit & Risk Committee.
The Executive Directors participate in and provide information and support to the Audit & Risk Committee as and when the 
Committee so requests. 
Remuneration Committee Report
On behalf of the Board, I am pleased to present the Remuneration Committee Report. This sets out our Directors’ Remuneration 
policy and its implementation including amounts earned by Directors in respect of the year ended 31 December 2024. In framing 
the remuneration policy, the Remuneration Committee is aligned with principle 9 of the Quoted Companies Alliance (“QCA”) Code 
to ensure that our remuneration policy both reflects our strategy and is aligned with shareholders’ interests. 
As the Company is quoted on the AIM segment of the London Stock Exchange, the Directors are not required to prepare a 
Remuneration Committee Report for each financial year and so Pennant makes the following disclosures voluntarily which are not 
subject to audit.
The Remuneration Committee has formal terms of reference which can be found in the ‘Investors’ section of the Group’s website, 
which are reviewed and approved annually by the Board.  The Committee makes recommendations to the Board, within its terms 
of reference, on the remuneration and other benefits including bonuses and share options, of the Executive Directors.
The Remuneration Committee is composed entirely of Non-Executive Directors. The CEO may be invited to attend as and when 
appropriate and necessary but is not present during discussions relating to his own remuneration.  
Remuneration Policy
The total remuneration package for executive directors is intended to incentivise and reward fairly to meet the growth and strategic 
goals of the Group whilst recognising the Group’s current position.  
Basic Salary and benefits
Basic salaries for Executive Directors are reviewed annually and the policy is to pay salary at market levels for comparable jobs with 
due consideration of the size of the Group and the sector in which it operates. Benefits may include provision of a company car, 
medical insurance and life assurance and contributions to a Group Personal Pension Scheme.  
Annual Bonus
A contractual bonus is awardable in respect of each financial year, the quantum of which is at the discretion of the Board, having 
considered the recommendations of the Remuneration Committee. The maximum bonus awardable is currently capped at 50% of 
basic salary to reward executives’ contribution to the growth in profit and achievement of objectives.  No bonus was awarded in 
respect of the year ended 31 December 2024.
Remuneration Committee Report

38
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Share Options 
The Group believes that share ownership by Executive Directors and employees strengthens the link between their personal 
interests and those of the Group and the shareholders.
The Group currently has in place an Enterprise Management Incentive (“EMI”) scheme and the Remuneration Committee has 
discretion to make option grants to Executive Directors and selected employees subject to the applicable scheme rules and to 
determine appropriate performance conditions.  
Service Contracts
Philip Walker and David Clements have service contracts that are terminable by either party on 12 months’ notice.  Darren Wiggins 
was appointed during the year on a service contract with a 6 month notice period.  
Non-Executive Directors 
The fees of the Non-Executive Directors are determined by the full Board.  The Non-Executive Directors are not eligible for bonuses 
or share options.
Consultation with shareholders
The Remuneration Committee is committed to a continuing dialogue with shareholders, and seeks the views of significant share-
holders when any major changes are being made to remuneration arrangements.
Deborah Wilkinson
Chair
Remuneration Committee
23 April 2025
Remuneration Committee Report 

39
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Directors' remuneration (audited)
Salary
Bonus
Benefits 
and car 
allowance
Pension
Total 
2024
2023
£000s
£000s
£000s
£000s
£000s
£000s
P Walker
233
-
18
23
274
308
D Clements
165
-
12
17
194
221
P Cotton (resigned 17 July)
24
-
-
-
24
54
M Brinson (resigned 13 August)
244(1)
-
9
14
267
190
D Wilkinson 
45
-
-
-
45
40
I Dighé (appointed 7 February)
42
-
-
-
42
-
J Kempster (appointed 18 July)
20
-
-
20
-
K van der Leest (appointed 3 September)
15
-
-
15
-
D Wiggins (appointed 20 November)
22
-
1
1
24
-
810
-
40
55
905
813
(1) Includes £85k of compensation for loss of office
Pension contributions shown above are pension payments into the Pennant International Group Plc Pension Scheme, a defined 
contribution scheme. 
There were 1,589,473 share options held by the Directors in office at the end of 2024 (2023: 850,000) as further particularised on 
the following tables. Options were granted to Directors in the period as explained in the ‘EMI Options’ section below. 
Service contracts
There are no Directors’ service contracts (or contracts for services) with notice periods in excess of one year.
Directors and their interests (audited)
The following Directors have held office since 1 January 2024 except where indicated otherwise and their beneficial interests in the 
ordinary shares of the Company were as stated below:
31 December 2024 
5p ordinary shares
31 December 2023
5p ordinary shares
Number
Number
P Walker  
140,145
73,145
D Clements
139,508
84,508
D Wilkinson 
200,000
-
I Dighé (appointed 7 February)
360,000
-
J Kempster (appointed 18 July)
-
-
K van der Leest (appointed 3 September)
42,500
-
D Wiggins (appointed 20 November)
-
-
P Cotton ceased to be a Director on 17 July 2024. His shareholding at that date was 18,633 (31 December 2023: 18,633).
M Brinson ceased to be a Director on 13 August 2024. His shareholding at that date was 44,624 (31 December 2023: 44,624). 
Remuneration Report

40
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
The following Directors have interests in share options of the Company as stated below:
EMI options
2024
2023
Number
Number
P Walker 
789,473
500,000
D Clements
400,000
300,000
P Cotton (resigned 17 July)
-
-
M Brinson (resigned 13 August)
-
50,000
D Wilkinson 
-
-
I Dighé (appointed 7 February)
-
-
J Kempster (appointed 18 July)
-
-
K van der Leest (appointed 3 September)
-
-
D Wiggins (appointed 20 November)
400,000
-
Total
1,589,473
850,000
EMI Options 
Philip Walker holds an EMI option over 500,000 ordinary shares exercisable at 33.5p (granted on 8 November 2022) which vests in 
20% tranches linked to growth in the Company’s share price. The first 20% tranche will vest upon the Company’s share price trading 
at 57.0p for a period of at least 30 days. The vesting conditions for the subsequent tranches are also tied to achieving growth in the 
Company’s share price with 20% vesting for every additional 5.0p achieved in the share price above 57.0p for a period of at least 
30 days (20% at 62.0p; 20% at 67.0p; 20% at 72.0p and 20% at 77.0p). The performance conditions must be met within three years 
from the date of grant in order for each tranche of the options to vest. 
During the year (on 11 December 2024), Mr Walker was granted an additional EMI option over a further 289,473 ordinary shares, 
which is subject to vesting conditions tied to achieving growth in the Company’s share price, vesting in tranches as and when 
certain milestones are achieved and the share price sustained at that level for at least 30 days, as follows:
Target share price 
% vesting 
50p
50%
75p
25%
100p
25%
In order for the option to vest, the target share price(s) must be achieved during the three years following the date of grant (the 
“Performance Period”) and to the extent that the option has not vested during the Performance Period, the rights over the 
unissued shares will lapse. The exercise price under the option is 28.5 per share.
David Clements holds an EMI option over 300,000 ordinary shares exercisable at 33.5p (granted on 8 November 2022) which vests 
in 20% tranches linked to growth in the Company’s share price. The first 20% tranche will vest upon the Company’s share price 
trading at 57.0p for a period of at least 30 days. The vesting conditions for the subsequent tranches is also tied to achieving growth 
in the Company’s share price with 20% vesting for every additional 5.0p achieved in the share price above 57.0p for a period of at 
least 30 days (20% at 62.0p; 20% at 67.0p; 20% at 72.0p and 20% at 77.0p). The performance conditions must be met within three 
years from the date of grant in order for each tranche of the options to vest. The options lapse upon the occurrence of certain 
events, including the termination of Mr Clements’ employment. 
Remuneration Report 

41
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
During the year (on 11 December 2024), Mr Clements was granted an additional EMI option over a further 100,000 ordinary shares, 
which is subject to the same vesting conditions and exercise price as described above for Mr Walker’s option of the same date.
Darren Wiggins holds an EMI option over 400,000 ordinary shares, granted on 11 December 2024, which is subject to the same 
vesting conditions and exercise price as the options of the same date granted to Mr Walker and Mr Clements.
No EMI options were exercised by the Directors during the year.
Unapproved Options
No unapproved options were held by Directors during the year. 
Audit & Risk Committee Report
During the year, the Committee operating under its Terms of Reference discharged its responsibilities by (amongst other things) 
reviewing and monitoring:
•
the Group’s risk registers, including the effectiveness of controls and mitigations;
•
the consistency of, and any changes to, accounting policies both on a year-on-year basis and across the Group;
•
the methods used to account for significant or unusual transactions;
•
whether the Group has followed appropriate accounting standards and made appropriate estimates and judgments,
taking into account the views of the external auditors;
•
the clarity of disclosure in the Company’s financial reports and the context in which statements are made; and
•
all material information presented with the financial statements, such as the operating and financial review and this
corporate governance section (insofar as it relates to audit and risk management).
The Committee has continued its monitoring of the financial reporting process and its integrity, risk management systems and 
assurance. 
The Committee has reviewed all significant issues concerning the financial statements. The principal matters we considered 
concerning the 2024 financial statements were: the appropriateness of the Going Concern assessment; recognition of revenue 
and profit; and adequacy of working capital. We have reviewed key estimates and management judgements prior to publication 
of the 2024 financial statements.
Following a competitive tender process and led by the Committee, S&W Partners Audit Limited (formerly CLA Evelyn Partners 
Limited) were selected as the Group’s new auditor and a resolution to appoint them as auditor to the Group was passed at the 
AGM in July 2024.
Jon Kempster
Chair
Audit & Risk Committee 
23 April 2025
Audit & Risk Committee Report

42
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
The Directors present their report and the 
audited financial statements for the year 
ended 31 December 2024. 
General information
The parent and ultimate parent company of the Group is 
Pennant International Group plc (the “Company”) which is 
a public company limited by shares, domiciled in the United 
Kingdom and incorporated under the law of England and Wales.
The Company’s registered office address is Unit D1, Staverton 
Connection, Staverton, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire GL51 0TF.
Directors
The following Directors held office during the Period:
Philip Cotton (Chair & Non-Executive Director) 
- resigned 17 July 2024
Ian Dighe (Chair & Non-Executive Director) 
- appointed 7 February 2024
Philip Walker (CEO)
David Clements (Commercial and Risk Director)
Michael Brinson (CFO) – resigned 13 August 2024
Darren Wiggins (CFO) – appointed 20 November 
2024
Deborah Wilkinson (Non-Executive Director)
Jonathan Kempster (Non-Executive Director) 
– appointed 18 July 2024
Klaas Van Der Leest (Non-Executive Director) 
– appointed 3 September 2024
Principal activities
The principal activity of the Company is the provision of 
management services to the Group.
The principal activities of Group companies during the year 
were the supply of integrated training and support software and 
solutions, products and services, principally to the defence, rail, 
aerospace and naval sectors and to Government Departments.
Dividends
No dividends were paid during the year (2023: £NIL). As 
highlighted in the Chair’s Statement, the Board is not 
recommending the payment of a final dividend in respect of the 
year ended 31 December 2024.
Going Concern
The Directors have undertaken an assessment of the future 
prospects of the Company and its subsidiary undertakings 
(the ‘Group’), taking into account the Group’s current position 
and principal risks. This review considered both the Group’s 
prospects and also its ability to continue in operation and to 
meet its liabilities as they fall due over the eighteen-month 
period (review period’) following approval of these financial 
statements. 
The Directors have prepared cash flow projections to 31 
December 2026 to support their decision to use the going 
concern basis and these projections rely on future cash flows 
from new business which is not yet secured and for which 
timings are uncertain. The Directors have concluded that there 
are scenarios whereby the levels of forecast new business 
converted, or the timings of conversion are delayed which 
represents a material uncertainty that may cast significant 
doubt upon the company’s ability to continue as a going 
concern – scenarios under which the Company may be unable 
to realise its assets and discharge its liabilities in the normal 
course of business. 
David Clements - Director
Directors'
Report
Director’s Report 

43
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Nevertheless, after making enquiries and considering the 
uncertainties described above, the Directors have a reasonable 
expectation that the Company has adequate resources to 
continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. 
Consideration was also given to the decisive actions undertaken 
during 2024 to restructure the cost base of the Training Systems 
segment, removing circa £2 million of annualized cost from the 
business, post balance sheet events have served to strengthen 
the future cash flow – namely the sale of surplus UK land & 
buildings for gross proceeds in excess of £2 million as well as the 
renewal, in April, of its overdraft facility for a further 12 months. 
Furthermore, should the Group not achieve budgeted revenue 
projections, management would look to address its cash costs 
and/or raise capital from a number of different funding options. 
For these reasons, we continue to adopt the going concern basis 
of accounting in preparing the annual financial statements.
Research & Development
Research and development expenditure within the Group 
(involving the continued development of hardware and 
software products of which a proportion has been capitalised) 
amounted to £1.3 million (2023: £1.4 million).
Post Balance sheet events
On 24th February 2025 the company announced the disposal of 
unit D at the Group’s Staverton site for a cash consideration of 
£0.83 million as part of the previously announced streamlining 
of the Group’s Training Division. 
On 7th April 2025 the company announced the exchange of 
contracts on three more commercial properties at the Group’s 
Staverton site (units D3, D4 and car park). The aggregate 
consideration is £1.2 million and completion on each of the 
transactions is set for 25 April 2025. 
During April 2025 the Group renewed its overdraft facility with 
its bankers, HSBC, at a limit of £2 million, for 12 months, secured 
by charges on the remaining owned land & buildings.
Treasury operations and financial 
instruments
The Group operates a centralised treasury function which is 
responsible for managing liquidity, interest and foreign currency 
risks associated with the Group’s activities.
The Group’s principal financial instruments are cash, contract 
assets, trade receivables and payables, the main purpose of 
which is to provide finance for the Group’s operations.  
The Group does not typically enter into derivative contracts, 
such as agreements to buy or sell foreign currency at a future 
date. Any such contract requires the approval of the Executive 
Directors. 
Given the Group’s customer base (government bodies and 
major OEMs), credit risk is not considered a significant factor in 
the Group’s financial risk profile (although is monitored). Pricing 
and cash profiling are the key financial risks arising from the 
Group’s trading and these are discussed in detail on pages 18 
to 22.
The Group’s exposure and approach to capital and financial risk, 
and approach to managing these is set out in note 33 to the 
Consolidated Financial Statements.
Employee Engagement
The Group engages with its employees regularly through various 
media including intranet, newsletters, bi-monthly executive 
briefings, employee opinion surveys, team briefings and 
twice-yearly financial results presentations to all staff. Details 
of the Group’s performance are shared with all employees at 
appropriate times using these methods.
The Group’s culture and related behaviours are driven (and 
closely monitored) by the Board, with employee feedback (via 
staff suggestion schemes and other channels) being delivered 
to the Board periodically. 
Our Core Values focus on Performance, Innovation, Quality, 
Respect and Teamwork. These Core Values support the Group’s 
strategic objectives, particularly linking into the Innovation and 
the Customer Focus themes and relevant aspects form part of 
employees’ periodic appraisals. 
Employees are key to the Group’s success and the Company 
gives significant consideration to ensuring that it offers a 
working environment, culture and benefits package which can 
attract and retain the talented people it needs.
Deborah Wilkinson is designated as the Non-Executive Director 
to whom employees can raise any concerns regarding wrong-
doing.
Employee policies
The Group has established employment policies to ensure 
compliance with current legislation and codes of practice, 
including equal opportunities.  
The Group is an equal opportunities employer and is committed 
to treating all employees and applicants fairly.
Director’s Report

44
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
The Group is a signatory to the UK’s Armed Forces Covenant and welcomes applications from ex-service personnel. 
Policy on payment of suppliers
The Group’s policy during the year (and continuing into 2025) was to pay suppliers in accordance with the relevant contractual 
terms agreed between the Group and the supplier.
Authority for company to purchase its own shares
Under a shareholders’ resolution of 17 July 2024, the Company (acting by its Directors) was granted authority to purchase through 
the market up to 6,347,130 of the Company’s ordinary shares, at a maximum price equal to 105% of the average of the middle 
market quotations for an ordinary share taken from the Company’s quotation on the London Stock Exchange for the five business 
days immediately preceding the purchase. Since 17 July 2024, the Company has not purchased any of its own shares and the 
authority referred to above remains unutilised. A proposal to renew the authority will be made at the Company’s AGM in 2025. 
The Board
The Board comprises the Chair, the Chief Executive Officer, the Commercial & Risk Director, the Chief Financial Officer and three 
additional Non-Executive Directors.
The Directors in office as at the date of this report are named on pages 33 to 35.
A full pack of Board papers (containing various reports and management information) is distributed to Directors in advance of each 
Board and Committee meeting. The Directors have access to external advice at the expense of the Company and access to the 
Company Secretary (who is a qualified solicitor).  
One third of the Directors are subject to retirement by rotation every year (rounded to the nearest whole number). In addition, any 
Directors who will (at the date of the AGM) have been in office for more than three years since their last election are also required 
to retire. At the AGM in 2025, Directors wishing to continue in office will be required to stand for re-election in accordance with 
corporate governance best practice.
Directors' Indemnity
The Company’s Articles of Association provide, subject to the provisions of UK legislation, an indemnity for Directors and officers 
of the Company in respect of liabilities they may incur in the discharge of their duties or in the exercise of their powers, including 
any liabilities relating to the defence of any proceedings brought against them which relate to anything done or omitted, or alleged 
to have been done or omitted, by them as officers or employees of the Company. Appropriate Directors’ and officers’ liability 
insurance cover is in place in respect of all the Directors.
Directors' Conflicts Of Interest
The Group has procedures in place for managing conflicts of interest. Should a Director become aware that they, or their connected 
parties, have an interest in an existing or proposed transaction involving Pennant, they will notify the Board in writing or at the next 
Board meeting. Directors have an ongoing duty to update the Board in relation to any changes to these conflicts.
Director’s Report 

45
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Significant shareholdings
As at 31 December 2024 the Group had been notified, in accordance with Chapter 5 of the Disclosure and Transparency Rules, of 
the voting rights held as a shareholder of the Company as shown in the table below. 
Investor
Number of shares held
% interest in the total voting 
rights of Pennant
CC Powell Concert Party
6,278,253
14.52%
Rockwood Strategic plc
5,860,994
13.56%
Premier Miton Group
5,524,151
12.78%
Brett Gordon
5,240,000
12.12%
Killik & Co LLP
1,797,555
4.16%
Canaccord Genuity Group
1,681,281
3.89%
Political donations
The Group did not make any political donations during 2024 (2023: £NIL).
Matters covered in the Strategic Report 
As permitted by paragraph 1A of schedule 7 to the Large and Medium Sized Companies and Groups (Accounts and Reports) 
Regulations 2008 certain matters which are required to be disclosed in the Directors Report (such as review of the business and 
future developments) have been omitted as they are included within the Strategic Report section (in the Chair’s Statement on 
pages 8 to 9 and the Chief Executive’s review on pages 10 to 11).
Annual General Meeting 
The Company’s Annual General Meeting will be held on June 6th, 2025. The Notice convening the Annual General Meeting and an 
explanation of the business to be put to the meeting will be contained in a separate circular sent to shareholders in accordance 
with communications preferences and will also be available on the website at www.pennantplc.com under the ‘AGM Documents’ 
section. 
Statement as to disclosure of information to auditor
As far as the Directors are aware, they have each taken all necessary steps to make themselves aware of any relevant audit 
information and to establish that the auditor is aware of that information.
As far as the Directors are aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the Group’s auditor is unaware.
This confirmation is given and should be interpreted in accordance with the provisions of section 418 of the Companies Act 2006.
Auditor
A resolution to reappoint S&W Partners Audit Limited (formerly CLA Evelyn Partners Limited) as auditors in 2025 will be proposed 
in the AGM.
Approved by the Board on 23 April 2025
and signed on its behalf
D J Clements
Director
Director’s Report 

46
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Directors' Responsibility Statement
The Directors are responsible for preparing the Group Strategic Report, Directors’ Report and the financial statements in accordance 
with applicable law and regulations.
The directors are also responsible for ensuring that they meet their responsibilities under the AIM Rules.
Company law requires the Directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the Directors have 
elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with UK-adopted International Accounting Standards (“IFRS”). Under 
company law the Directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view 
of the state of affairs of the Company and the Group and of the profit or loss of the Company and the Group for that period. 
In preparing these financial statements, the Directors are required to: 
•
select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;
•
make judgments and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent;
•
state whether applicable UK-adopted international accounting standards have been followed, subject to any material
departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements;
•
prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the Company will
continue in business.
The Directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the Company’s and 
the Group’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Company and the Group 
and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for 
safeguarding the assets of the Company and the Group and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of 
fraud and other irregularities.
The Directors of the ultimate parent company are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the ultimate parent company’s 
website. Legislation in the United Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination of financial statements may differ from 
legislation in other jurisdictions.
Approved by the Board on 23 April 2025
and signed on its behalf
D J Clements
Director
Directors’ Responsibility Statement

47
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024

48
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Financial
Statements
The following section outlines the results for the period 
ended 31 December 2024. 

49
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Independent Auditor's Report to the Members of 
Pennant International Group Plc
Opinion
We have audited the financial statements of Pennant International Group Plc (the ‘parent company’) and its subsidiaries (the 
‘group’) for the year ended 31 December 2024 which comprise the Consolidated Income Statement, the Consolidated Statement 
of Other Comprehensive Income, the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position, the Consolidated Statement of Changes in 
Equity, the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows, the Company Statement of Comprehensive Income, the Company Statement 
of Financial Position, the Company Statement of Changes in Equity, the Company Statement of Cash Flows and the notes to the 
financial statements, including significant accounting policies.  The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their 
preparation is applicable law and UK-adopted international accounting standards and as regards the parent company financial 
statements, as applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006.
In our opinion:
•
the financial statements give a true and fair view of the state of the group’s and of the parent company’s affairs as at 31
December 2024 and of the group’s and the parent company’s loss for the year then ended;
•
the group financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with UK-adopted international accounting
standards.
•
the parent company financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with UK-adopted international
accounting standards; and
•
the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.
Basis for opinion
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our 
responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements 
section of our report.  We are independent of the group and parent company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are 
relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard as applied to listed entities, and we 
have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements.  We believe that the audit evidence we have 
obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. 
Our approach to the audit
Of the group’s 6 trading components including the parent company, we subjected 5 to specific audit procedures where the extent 
of our audit work was based on our assessment of the risk of material misstatement and of the materiality of that component.  
The components within the scope of our work covered 97% of group revenue, 100% of group profit before tax, and 100% of group 
net assets. 
For the remaining 1 component, we performed analysis at a group level to re-examine our assessment that there were no significant 
risks of material misstatement within these. 
Independent Auditor’s Report To The Members Of Pennant International Group Plc

50
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Key audit matters
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit of the financial 
statements of the current period, and include the most significant assessed risks of material misstatement (whether or not due to 
fraud) we identified, including those which had the greatest effect on: the overall audit strategy; the allocation of resources in the 
audit; and directing the efforts of the engagement team.  These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the financial 
statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.
Key audit matter
Description of risk
How the matter was addressed in the audit
Revenue recognition 
(including contract assets 
and contract liabilities)
The group’s revenues are a 
principal consideration of its 
financial performance and are 
a key focus of Management 
to meet market expectations. 
The group has different income 
streams with differing revenue 
recognition principles and as a 
result there is a risk that revenue 
is incorrectly recognised.
We challenged management’s revenue recognition 
accounting policies and related disclosures as described in 
Note 3 and 5 respectively. 
As part of our procedures we:
•	
Confirmed the appropriateness of the Group’s 
revenue recognition policy with respect to 
the requirement of IFRS 15 “Revenue from 
Contracts with Customers” and checking that it 
has been consistently applied.
•	
Performed tests of detail over a sample of 
revenue transactions to determine whether the 
revenue recognised was complete, occurred and 
recognised in line with the Group’s accounting 
policies.
•	
Tested a sample of deferred and accrued 
income to ensure that the related revenue was 
recognised correctly in line with the Group’s 
accounting policies.
Independent Auditor’s Report To The Members Of Pennant International Group Plc

51
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Independent Auditor’s Report To The Members Of Pennant International Group Plc
The cashflow projections 
which supports the going 
concern status of the Group 
(note 3), the recoverability 
of intangible assets (notes 4, 
16 and 17) and deferred tax 
assets (note 27) at a group 
level and the recoverability 
of investments (parent 
company note 6) and inter-
company receivables (parent 
company balance sheet) for 
the parent company.
The group is loss making and 
has undertaken significant 
restructuring in the year and 
changed strategic focus. 
Management have prepared a 
budget and cashflow forecasts 
indicating that in their view 
the Group and the parent 
company can continue to 
operate as a going concern for 
at least 12 months from the 
date of approval of the financial 
statements.
Cashflow forecasts are inherently 
judgemental, particularly around 
revenue forecasting, and subject 
to fluctuation. As a result, these 
projections were a key area of 
audit focus. 
Furthermore, the group has 
significant intangible assets 
including goodwill and also a 
deferred tax asset. The parent 
company also has investments 
and intercompany receivables. 
These matters present an area of 
audit risk as the carrying values 
of these is linked to the same 
forecasts and the balances could 
be impaired if forecasts are not 
achieved. 
We challenged the assumptions used in the cashflow 
forecasts for going concern and in respect of the 
impairment reviews for intangible assets to the group 
financial statements. 
The main procedures performed on the forecasts were:
•
Challenging the assumptions used in the detailed
budgets and forecasts prepared by management.
•
Using our internal valuation specialists to assess
the appropriateness of the model, discount rate
and other variables applied in the impairment
assessment.
•
Verifying the consistency of the forecasts and
assumptions used in the impairment calculations
with those used for going concern assessment,
where relevant.
•
Reviewing bank statements to monitor the cash
position of the group post year end and obtained
an understanding of significant cash inflows and
outflows expected.
•
Considering post year end trading performance
compared to forecasts and anticipated out- turn for
the rest of the financial year
•
Comparing FY2024 forecasts to actual results
achieved to assess past forecasting accuracy.
•
Assessing the appropriateness of disclosures
around going concern, deferred tax assets,
intangible assets and the parent company’s
inter-company receivables and investments.
Capitalisation of intangible 
assets/development costs
The group and parent 
company capitalises qualifying 
development costs as intangible 
assets, which are material to the 
company and Group’s financial 
statements. The capitalisation of 
development costs is inherently 
judgemental and stringent 
requirements must be met 
to capitalise these costs in 
accordance with the applicable 
accounting standard (IAS 38). 
This presents an area of audit 
risk that costs are incorrectly 
capitalised as intangible assets.
We challenged the assumptions for capitalisation of 
development costs as described in Note 4 to the group 
financial statements.
As part of our procedures we:
•
Traced a sample of development costs capitalised
in the year to supporting documentation.
•
Assessed the costs capitalised in the year against
the recognition criteria of IAS 38.
•
Considered the accuracy and appropriateness of
capitalisation rates used by management
•
Considered the adequacy of  impairment in
relation to specific intangible assets.
•
Considered the appropriateness of the disclosures
made in note 4 of the financial statements in
respect of the intangible assets.

52
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Independent Auditor’s Report To The Members Of Pennant International Group Plc
Our application of materiality
The materiality for the group financial statements as a whole (“group FS materiality”) was set at £207,000. This has been determined 
with reference to the benchmark of the group’s revenue, which we consider to be one of the principal considerations for members 
of the company in assessing the group’s performance.  Group FS materiality represents 1.5% of the group’s revenue as presented 
on the face of the Consolidated Income Statement.
The materiality for the parent company financial statements as a whole (“parent FS materiality”) was set at £93,675. This has been 
determined with reference to the benchmark of the parent company’s total assets as it exists only as a holding company for the 
group and carries on no external trade in its own right.  Parent FS materiality represents 0.6% of the parent company’s total assets 
as presented on the face of the parent company statement of financial position.  
Performance materiality for the group financial statements was set at £134,000, being 65% of group FS materiality, for purposes 
of assessing the risks of material misstatement and determining the nature, timing and extent of further audit procedures. We 
have set it at this amount to reduce to an appropriately low level the probability that the aggregate of uncorrected and undetected 
misstatements exceeds group FS materiality.  We judged this level to be appropriate based on our understanding of the group and its 
financial statements, as updated by our risk assessment procedures and our expectation regarding current period misstatements. 
Performance materiality for the parent company financial statements was set at £60,900, being 65% of parent FS materiality 
based on our overall expectation of the level of audit differences, and the number of and significance of areas of judgement in the 
financial statements and considering the extent of work required to give comfort on the group.
Material Uncertainty related to going concern
We draw attention to note 3 in the financial statements concerning the group and the parent company’s ability to continue as a 
going concern. 
In the reporting period, the group has recorded a loss after tax of £2.6m. The directors have prepared cash flow projections to 
December 2026 to support their decision to use the going concern basis and these projections rely on future cash flows from new 
business which are not yet secured, and the timing also remains uncertain. 
As stated in note 3, these events or conditions indicate a material uncertainty exists that may cast significant doubt on the group and 
the parent company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Our opinion is not modified in respect of this matter. Notwithstanding 
the above, in auditing the financial statements we have concluded that the directors’ use of the going concern basis of accounting 
in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate. 
Our evaluation of the directors’ assessment of the group and parent company’s ability to adopt the going concern basis of 
accounting included the following procedures in conjunction with the matters described in the Key Audit Matters above:
•	
Challenging the assumptions used in the detailed budgets and forecasts prepared by management for the going concern 
period.
•	
Considering post year end trading performance compared to forecasts and anticipated out- turn for the rest of the financial 
year.
•	
Reviewing bank statements to monitor the cash position of the group post year end and obtaining an understanding of 
significant expected cash outflows and inflows in the forthcoming 12-month period. 
Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections 
of this report.
Other information
The other information comprises the information included in the Annual Report and Accounts other than the financial statements 
and our auditor’s report thereon.  The directors are responsible for the other information contained within the Annual Report 
and Accounts.  Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise 
explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. 

53
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Independent Auditor’s Report To The Members Of Pennant International Group Plc
Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent 
with the financial statements, or our knowledge obtained in the course of the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially 
misstated.  If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether 
this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves.  If, based on the work we have performed, we 
conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact. 
We have nothing to report in this regard. 
Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006
In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit:
•
the information given in the strategic report and the directors’ report for the financial year for which the financial
statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and
•
the strategic report and the directors’ report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.
Matters on which we are required to report by exception
In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the group and the parent company and their environment obtained in the 
course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the strategic report or the directors’ report.
We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report 
to you if, in our opinion:
•
adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate for our audit have not been
received from branches not visited by us; or
•
the parent company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or
•
certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or
•
we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.
Responsibilities of directors
As explained more fully in the directors’ responsibilities statement set out on page 46, the directors are responsible for the 
preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as 
the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, 
whether due to fraud or error.
In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the group’s and the parent company’s ability 
to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of 
accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the group or the parent company or to cease operations, or have no 
realistic alternative but to do so.
Auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements 
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material 
misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion.  Reasonable assurance is 
a high level of assurance but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material 
misstatement when it exists.  Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the 
aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial 
statements. 
The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud, is detailed below. Irregularities, 
including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations.  We design procedures in line with our responsibilities, 
outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud.  

54
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
We obtained a general understanding of the Group’s legal and regulatory framework through enquiry of management concerning 
their understanding of relevant laws and regulations, the entity’s policies and procedures regarding compliance, and how they 
identify, evaluate and account for litigation claims. We also drew on our existing understanding of the Group’s and Parent Company’s 
industry and regulation. 
We understand that the Group complies with the framework through:
•
Subscribing to relevant updates from external advisors and making changes to internal procedures and controls as
necessary.
•
The Executive Directors’ close involvement in the day-to-day running of the business, meaning that any litigation or claims
would come to their attention directly.
•
The Group has a dedicated Commercial & Risk Director who has oversight of all the relevant policies and procedures.
•
Outsourcing tax compliance services to external experts.
In the context of the audit, we considered those laws and regulations which determine the form and content of the financial 
statements, which are central to the Group’s ability to conduct its business, and/or where there is a risk that failure to comply could 
result in material penalties. We identified the following laws and regulations as being of significance in the context of the group: 
•
The Companies Act 2006 and IFRS in respect of the preparation and presentation of the financial statements.
•
International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR)
•
AIM rules for companies
We performed the following specific procedures to gain evidence about compliance with the significant laws and regulations 
identified above:
•
Inquiring of management and, where appropriate, those charged with governance, so to whether the group and the parent
company is in compliance with laws and regulations, and discussing their policies and procedures regarding compliance
with laws and regulations and
•
Inspecting correspondence, if any, with relevant licensing or regulatory authorities.
The senior statutory auditor led a discussion with senior members of the engagement team regarding the susceptibility of the 
entity’s financial statements to material misstatement, including how fraud might occur.
The areas identified in this discussion were:
•
Estimates made by management regarding the appropriateness of capitalised development costs
•
Manipulation of the financial statements, especially revenue, via fraudulent journal entries or error affecting cut-off 
around the year end.
•
The incentive to present a misleading view of the business’ financial performance and position given the Group’s listed
status, which might lead to misrepresentations through actions such as mis-stating revenues, presenting overly optimistic
forecasts to support the carrying value of intangible assets, deferred tax assets at a group level and investments and inter-
company receivable balances at a parent company level, as well as to support the going concern presumption.
These areas were communicated to the members of the engagement team not present at the discussion.
The procedures we carried out to gain evidence in the above areas included:
•
Challenging management regarding the assumptions used in the estimates and inherently judgemental areas (see Key
Audit Matters above).
•
Substantive testing on revenue recognition and deferred income ensuring that revenue was recognised appropriately (see
Key Audit Matters above)
•
Substantive work on other material areas affecting profits.
•
Testing journal entries, focusing particularly on postings to unexpected or unusual accounts.
•
Enquiring as to whether there is any correspondence with the above regulators to be reviewed as part of our audit work.
A further description of our responsibilities is available on the FRC’s website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. 
This description forms part of our auditor’s report.
Independent Auditor’s Report To The Members Of Pennant International Group Plc

55
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Use of the audit report
This report is made solely to the parent company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies 
Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the parent company’s members those matters we are 
required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose.  To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept 
or assume responsibility to anyone other than the parent company and the parent company’s members as a body, for our audit 
work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed. 
Andrew Edmonds
Senior Statutory Auditor, for and on behalf of
S&W Partners Audit Limited	
Statutory Auditor	
Chartered Accountants	
4th Floor
Cumberland House
15-17 Cumberland House
Southampton
SO15 2BG
23rd  April 2025
Independent Auditor’s Report To The Members Of Pennant International Group Plc

56
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Consolidated Income Statement for the year ended 
31 December 2024
Notes
2024
2023
Continuing operations
£000s
£000s
Revenue
5
13,775
15,535
Cost of sales
(6,875)
(7,808)
Gross profit
6,900
7,727
   Land and buildings revaluation on previously impaired asset
   Exceptional Costs
8
-
(2,322)
39
(325)
   Profit on sale of land and buildings
18
231
-
   Other administration expenses
(7,596)
(7,555)
Administrative expenses
(9,687)
(7,841)
Other income
9
185
209
Operating (loss) / profit
9
(2,602)
95
Finance costs
11
(444)
(463)
Finance income
12
5
1
Loss before taxation
(3,041)
(367)
Taxation
13
(466)
(566)
Loss for the year attributable to the equity holders of the parent	
(2,575)
 (933)
Loss per share
Basic
15
(6.37p)
(2.53p)
Diluted
15
(6.37p)
         (2.53p)
The accompanying notes on pages 62 to 91 are an integral part of these financial statements.  
Consolidated Income Statement For The Year Ended 31 December 2024

57
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Consolidated Statement of other Comprehensive 
Income for the year ended 31 December 2024
Notes
2024
2023
£000s
£000s
Loss for the year attributable to the equity holders of the parent
(2,575)
(933)
Items that may be reclassified to profit or loss:
Exchange differences on translation of foreign operations
(300)
(120)
Items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss:
Net revaluation gain
Impairment on property, plant and equipment
18
            -
              (80)
113
-
Deferred tax credit / (charge) – property, plant and equipment
27
20
(28)
Total comprehensive loss for the period attributable to the 
equity holders of the parent
(2,935)
 (968)
Consolidated Statement Of Other Comprehensive Income For The Year Ended 31 December 2024

58
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Consolidated Statement of Financial Position as at 
31 December 2024
Notes
2024
2024
£000s
£000s
Non-current assets
Goodwill
16
2,530
2,595
Other intangible assets
17
4,218
5,335
Property, plant and equipment
18
470
4,155
Right-of-use assets
19
543
860
Deferred tax assets
27
591
399
Total non-current assets
8,352
13,344
Current assets
Inventories
20
617
980
Trade and other receivables
21
2,355
2,647
Corporation tax recoverable
593
641
Assets held for sale
2,974
-
Cash and cash equivalents
23
1,045
1,099
Total current assets
7,584
5,367
Total assets
15,936
18,711
Current liabilities
Trade and other payables
22
3,251
4,099
Bank overdraft
23
3,330
2,978
Current tax liabilities
3
1
Lease liabilities
24
137
420
Deferred consideration on acquisition
25
311
468
Total current liabilities
7,032
7,966
Net current assets/(liabilities)
552
(2,599)
Non-current liabilities
Lease liabilities
24
468
501
Warranty provisions
28
92
144
Contingent consideration on acquisition
-
283
Total non-current liabilities
560
928
Total liabilities
7,592
8,894
Net assets
8,344
9,817
Equity
Share capital
29
2,162
1,844
Share premium account
6,457
5,383
Capital redemption reserve
200
200
Retained earnings
(495)
1,990
Translation reserve
(85)
215
Revaluation reserve
105
185
Total equity
8,344
9,817
Approved by the Board and authorised for issue on 23 April 2025.
D Wiggins - Director
The accompanying notes on pages 62 to 91 are an integral part of these financial statements.  
Consolidated Statement Of Financial Position As At 31 December 2024

59
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Consolidated Statement of Changes In Equity for the year 
ended 31 December 2024
Share 
capital
Share
premium
Capital 
redemption 
reserve
Retained 
earnings
Translation 
reserve
Revaluation 
reserve
Total
 equity
£000s
£000s
£000s
£000s
£000s
£000s
£000s
At 1 January 2023
1,840
5,366
200
       2,844
335
110
10,695
(Loss) for the year
-
-
-
  (933)
-
-
(933)
Other comprehensive 
income / (loss)
-
-
-
-
(120)
85
(35)
1,840
5,366
200
1,911
215
195
9,727
Issue of new ordinary 
shares
4
17
-
-
-
-
21
Recognition of share 
based payment
-
-
-
69
-
-
69
Transfer from 
revaluation reserve
-
-
-
10
-
(10)
                -
At 31 December 2023
1,844
5,383
200
1,990
215
185
9,817
(Loss) for the year
-
-
-
(2,575)
-
-
(2,575)
Other comprehensive 
income / (loss)
-
-
-
-
(300)
(60)
(360)
1,844
5,383
200
(525)
(85)
125
6,882
Issue of new ordinary 
shares
318
1,252
-
-
-
-
1,570
Issue Costs
-
(178)
-
-
-
-
(178)
Recognition of share 
based payment
-
-
-
70
-
-
70
Transfer from 
revaluation reserve
-
-
-
20
-
(20)
-
At 31 December 2024
2,162
6,457
200
(495)
(85)
105
8,344
Consolidated Statement Of Changes In Equity For The Year Ended 31 December 2024

60
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Share capital
This represents the issued share capital of the Company.
Share premium account
This represents the amount by which shares have been issued at a price greater than nominal value less issue costs.
Capital redemption reserve
The capital redemption reserve is a non-distributable reserve into which amounts are transferred following the redemption or 
purchase of the Group’s own shares.
Retained earnings
This represents the accumulated realised earnings from the prior and current periods as reduced by losses and dividends from 
time to time.    
Translation reserve
Exchange differences relating to the translation of the net assets of the Group’s foreign subsidiaries from their functional currency 
to the presentational currency of the Group, being sterling, are recognised directly in the translation reserve.
Revaluation reserve
This represents the increments and decrements on the revaluation of non-current assets net of deferred tax.
Consolidated Statement Of Changes In Equity For The Year Ended 31 December 2024

61
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the year ended 
31 December 2024
Notes
2024
2023
£000s
£000s
Net cash from operations
30
176
1,294
Investing activities
Interest received
12
5
1
Payment for acquisition of subsidiaries, net of cash acquired 
-
(214)
Deferred consideration paid in respect of prior year acquisition
25
(511)
(352)
Investment in intangible assets
17
(1,371)
(1,453)
Purchase of property, plant and equipment
18
(223)
(305)
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment
484
-
Net cash used in investing activities
(1,616)
(2,323)
Financing activities
Proceeds from issue of ordinary shares
1,392
21
Repayment of lease liabilities
24
(251)
(195)
Net cash from/(used in) financing activities
1,141
(174)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
(299)
(1,203)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
23
(1,879)
(426)
Effect of foreign exchange rates
(107)
(250)
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
23
(2,285)
(1,879)
Consolidated Statement Of Cash Flows For The Year Ended 31 December 2024

62
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
1. General information
Pennant International Group plc is a public company 
incorporated in England and Wales under the Companies Act 
2006. The company is listed on the alternative investment 
market (“AIM”). The address of the registered office is Unit D1, 
Staverton Connection, Staverton, Cheltenham, GL51 0TF.
The principal activity of the Group during the year was the 
delivery of integrated training and support solutions, products 
and services, principally to the defence, rail, aerospace and 
naval sectors and to Government Departments.
These financial statements are presented in pounds sterling 
because that is the currency of the primary economic 
environment in which the Group operates. All values are rounded 
to the nearest thousand pounds except where otherwise stated. 
Foreign operations are included in accordance with the policies 
set out in note 3.
2. Standards, amendments and
interpretations adopted in the
current financial year ended 31
December 2024
The Group has applied the following new accounting standards 
and amendments for the first time in the annual reporting period 
commencing 1 January 2024. The amendments listed did not 
have a material impact on the Group’s financial statements for 
the current or prior Period and are not expected to significantly 
impact future periods.
•
IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements
(Amendment): Classification of Liabilities as Current
or Non-current and Classification of Non-current
Liabilities with Covenants
•
IFRS 16 Leases (Amendment): Lease Liability in a Sale
and Leaseback;
•
IAS 7 Statement of Cash Flows and IFRS 7 Financial
Instruments Disclosures (Amendment): Supplier
Finance Arrangements;
The following amendments to accounting standards have 
been published but are not mandatory for 31 December 
2024 reporting periods and have not been adopted early by 
the Group. These amendments are not expected to have a 
material impact on the entity in future reporting periods or on 
foreseeable future transactions.
•
IAS 21 The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange
Rates (Amendment): Lack of exchangeability.
3. Accounting policies
The financial statements have been prepared in accordance 
with UK-adopted International Accounting Standards (“IFRS”) in 
conformity with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006. 
The financial statements have been prepared on the historical 
cost basis or a revaluation basis where indicated. The principal 
accounting policies set out below have been consistently 
applied to all periods presented.
Going concern statement
Accounting standards require that the Directors satisfy 
themselves that it is reasonable for them to conclude whether 
it is appropriate to prepare the financial statements on a going 
concern basis.
The Directors have prepared cash flow projections to 31 
December 2026 to support their decision to use the going 
concern basis and these projections rely on future cash flows 
from new business which is not yet secured and for which 
timings are uncertain. The Directors have concluded that there 
are scenarios whereby the levels of forecast new business 
converted, or the timings of conversion are delayed which 
represents a material uncertainty that may cast significant 
doubt upon the company’s ability to continue as a going 
concern – scenarios under which the Company may be unable 
to realise its assets and discharge its liabilities in the normal 
course of business. 
The Directors have prepared cash flow projections to 31 
December 2026 to support their decision to use the going 
concern basis and these projections rely on future cash flows 
from new business which is not yet secured and for which 
timings are uncertain. The Directors have concluded that there 
are scenarios whereby the conversion of opportunities into 
new business represent a material uncertainty that may cast 
significant doubt upon the company’s ability to continue as a 
going concern – scenarios under which the Company may be 
unable to realise its assets and discharge its liabilities in the 
normal course of business. 
Nevertheless, after making enquiries and considering the 
uncertainties described above, the Directors have a reasonable 
expectation that the Company has adequate resources to 
continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. 
Consideration was also given to the decisive actions undertaken 
during 2024 to restructure the cost base of the Training Systems 
segment, removing circa £2 million of annualized cost from the 
business, post balance sheet events have served to strengthen 
the future cash flow – namely the sale of surplus UK land & 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the 
year ended 31 December 2024	
Notes To The Consolidated Financial Statements For The Year Ended 31 December 2024

63
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
buildings for gross proceeds in excess of £2 million as well as the 
renewal, in April, of its overdraft facility for a further 12 months. 
Furthermore, should the Group not achieve budgeted revenue 
projections, management would look to address its cash costs 
and/or raise capital from a number of different funding options. 
For these reasons, we continue to adopt the going concern basis 
of accounting in preparing the annual financial statements.
 
Were the company no longer a going concern, adjustments may 
be required to the carrying value of assets, provisions would be 
required for the future liabilities arising as a consequence of the 
company ceasing business and assets and liabilities currently 
classified as non-current would be reclassified as current.
Basis of consolidation
The financial statements incorporate the results of the Company 
and entities controlled by the Company (its subsidiaries). 
Control is achieved where the Company has power to direct the 
activities of the investee, the right to the variable returns of the 
investee, and the ability to use power to affect the returns of 
the investee.
Where necessary, adjustments are made to the results of 
subsidiaries to bring accounting policies used into line with 
those used by the Group. All intra-group transactions, balances, 
income and expenses are eliminated on consolidation.
Business combinations and goodwill
Acquisitions of subsidiaries and businesses are accounted for 
using the acquisition method. The assets and liabilities (including 
any contingent liabilities) of the subsidiaries are measured at 
their fair value at the date of acquisition. Any excess of the 
cost of acquisition over the fair values of the identifiable net 
assets acquired is recognised as goodwill. Any deficiency in the 
cost of acquisition below the fair value of the identified net 
assets acquired (i.e. a discount on acquisition) is credited to the 
income statement in the period of acquisition. 
Goodwill arising on consolidation is recognised as an asset and 
reviewed for impairment at least annually. Any impairment is 
recognised immediately in the profit or loss account and is not 
subsequently reversed. Acquisition-related costs are recognised 
in the income statement as incurred.
Temporary differences (differences between the carrying 
amount of an asset or liability in the statement of financial 
position and its tax base) that arise due to the measurement of 
identifiable assets and liabilities at their fair values at acquisition 
are treated as deferred tax assets or liabilities, as the case may 
be.  
Revenue recognition
Engineered Solutions
Revenue on engineered solutions contracts is recognised 
over time, based on the stage of completion for the identified 
performance obligation(s) at the reporting date. Revenue is 
recognised over time due to the goods having no alternative 
use and the Group being entitled to compensation from the 
customer for work completed to date. The stage of completion 
for each performance obligation is measured using costs 
incurred to date as a proportion of total expected costs to 
complete the identified performance obligation.
Generic Products 
Revenue is recognised on a point in time basis upon contractual 
acceptance of the manufactured product by the customer. 
Revenue is recognised at a point in time due to the products 
having alternative uses to the Group in that they could be 
sold to other prospective customers. Additionally there is not 
normally any entitlement to payment for work completed to 
date. Until the contractual acceptance of the product, costs are 
recognised as work in progress in inventories. 
Software Products & Licences
Software licence sales (goods) – revenue is recognised at a 
point in time once the customer has access to the licence. This 
is on the basis that the customer cannot return the licence or 
ask for it to be transferred to another party and the Group is 
under no obligation to provide a refund. 
Software as a service (SAAS) subscriptions – revenue for the 
provision of authentication and data protection services to 
customers, is recognised evenly over the time during which the 
subscription is provided.
Software Maintenance
Software maintenance revenue is recognised over the period 
to which the maintenance support agreement relates. Amounts 
invoiced but not taken to revenue at a period end are shown in 
the statement of financial position as contract liabilities.
Software and Technical Services
Revenue from software and technical services is recognised 
over time or on a point in time basis as determined by the terms 
of the customer contract. Amounts not taken to revenue at a 
period end are shown in the statement of financial position as 
a contract liability.
Notes To The Consolidated Financial Statements For The Year Ended 31 December 2024

64
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Leases and Right-of-use assets
Right of use assets and lease liabilities are recognised and 
measured in accordance with IFRS 16. A right of use asset and 
a lease liability has been recognized for all leases except leases 
of low value assets and those with a duration of 12 months 
or less. The lease liabilities are measured at the present value 
of the lease payments due to the lessor over the lease term, 
discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease if that 
rate is readily available or the Group’s incremental borrowing 
rate. Right of use assets are measured at cost less depreciation 
and impairment.
Foreign currency
Transactions in currencies other than each Group entity’s 
functional currency are recorded at rates of exchange prevailing 
on the dates of the transactions. At the reporting date, monetary 
assets and liabilities that are denominated in foreign currencies 
are retranslated at the rates prevailing on the reporting date. 
Non-monetary items are not retranslated.
Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary 
items, and on the retranslation of monetary items, are included 
in profit or loss for the period. 
For the purpose of presenting consolidated financial statements, 
the assets and liabilities of the Group’s foreign operations are 
translated at exchange rates prevailing on the reporting date. 
Income and expense items are translated into sterling at the 
average exchange rates for the period, unless exchange rates 
fluctuate significantly during the period, in which case the 
exchange rates at the date of transactions are used. Exchange 
differences arising, if any, are recorded in the Group’s transaction 
reserve. Such translation differences are recognised as income 
and expense in the period in which the operation is disposed of. 
Goodwill and fair value adjustments arising on the acquisition 
of a foreign entity are treated as assets and liabilities of the 
foreign entity and translated at the closing rates.
Taxation
The tax expense represents the sum of the current tax charge 
and deferred tax charge. Current tax payable, where applicable, 
is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from 
the net profits as reported on the income statement because 
it excludes items of income and expense that are taxable or 
deductible in other years and it further excludes items that are 
never taxable or deductible. The Group’s liability for current 
tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or 
substantively enacted by the reporting date.
Deferred tax is the tax expected to be payable or recoverable 
on differences between the carrying amounts of assets and 
liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax 
bases used in the computation of taxable profit and is accounted 
for using the balance sheet liability method. Deferred tax 
liabilities are generally recognised for all temporary differences 
and deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is 
probable that taxable profits will be available in future periods 
against which deductible temporary differences can be utilised. 
Such assets and liabilities are not recognised if the temporary 
difference arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or from 
the initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of 
other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither 
the tax profit nor the accounting profit.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each 
reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer 
probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow 
all or part of the asset to be recovered.
Deferred tax is calculated at the tax rates that are expected 
to apply in the period when the liability is settled or the asset 
is realised, based on the tax rates that have been enacted or 
substantively enacted at the reporting date. Deferred tax is 
charged or credited in the income statement, except when it 
relates to items charged or credited directly to equity, in which 
case the deferred tax is also charged or credited to equity.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a 
legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets against 
current tax liabilities and when they relate to income taxes 
levied by the same taxation authority and the Group intends to 
settle its current tax assets and liabilities on a net basis.
Warranty provisions
Warranty provisions are made in respect of contractual 
obligations and warranties based on the judgement of 
management taking into account the nature of the claim 
or contractual obligation, the range of possible outcomes, 
past experience and any mitigation. Warranty provisions are 
recognised over time from the point of contract award. All 
warranty provisions currently provided for by the Group are 
considered to be assurance-based only.
Share-based payments
The Group issues equity-settled share-based payments to 
certain employees. Equity-settled share-based payments are 
measured at fair value (excluding the effect of non-market-
based vesting conditions) at the date of grant. The fair value 
determined at the date of grant is expensed on a straight-line 
basis over the vesting period, based on the Group’s estimate of 
shares that will eventually vest and adjusted for the effect of 
non-market based vesting conditions.
Fair value is measured by use of an option pricing model. 
The model has been adjusted, based on management’s 
best estimate, for the effects of non-transferability, exercise 
restrictions and behavioural conditions.
Notes To The Consolidated Financial Statements For The Year Ended 31 December 2024

65
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment (except for land and buildings) 
are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and any 
recognised impairment loss. Depreciation is charged to write 
off the cost of assets over their estimated useful lives on the 
following bases:
*The net book value subsequent to the revaluation as at 31st December 
2023. 
Land and buildings held for use in the production or supply of 
goods or services, or for administrative purposes, are stated in 
the balance sheet at their revalued amounts, being the fair value 
at the date of revaluation, less any subsequent accumulated 
depreciation and subsequent accumulated impairment losses. 
Revaluations are performed with sufficient regularity such that 
the carrying amount does not differ materially from that which 
would be determined using fair values at the balance sheet 
date.
Any revaluation increase arising on the revaluation of such land 
and buildings is credited to each asset’s revaluation reserve, 
except to the extent that it reverses a revaluation decrease 
for the same asset previously recognised as an expense, in 
which case the increase is credited to the income statement 
to the extent of the decrease previously expensed. A decrease 
in carrying value arising on the revaluation of such land and 
buildings is charged as an expense to the extent that it exceeds 
any balance held in the revaluation reserve relating to a previous 
revaluation of that asset.
An annual transfer from the asset revaluation reserve to retained 
earnings is made for the difference between depreciation based 
on the revalued carrying amount of the asset and depreciation 
based on the asset’s original cost. Additionally, accumulated 
depreciation as at the revaluation date is eliminated against 
the gross carrying amount of the asset and the net amount is 
restated to the revalued amount of the asset. Upon disposal, 
any revaluation reserve relating to the particular asset being 
sold is transferred to retained earnings.
Internally-generated intangible assets
	
An internally-generated intangible asset arising from the 
Group’s development activities is capitalised and held as an 
intangible asset in the statement of financial position when the 
costs relate to a clearly defined project; the costs are separately 
identifiable; the outcome of such a project has been assessed 
with reasonable certainty as to its technical feasibility and its 
ultimate commercial viability; the aggregate of the defined 
costs plus all future expected costs in bringing the product 
to market is exceeded by the future expected sales revenue; 
and adequate resources are expected to exist to enable the 
project to be completed. Internally-generated intangible 
assets are amortised over their useful lives from completion of 
development. Where no internally-generated intangible asset 
can be recognised, development expenditure is recognised as 
an expense in the income statement in the period in which it 
is incurred.
Intangible assets
Intangible assets are stated at cost less accumulated 
amortisation and any recognised impairment loss. Amortisation 
is charged to write off intangible assets on a straight-line basis 
over their estimated useful lives on the following basis:	
The amortisation of intangible assets is included in ‘Other 
administration expenses’ in the Consolidated Income Statement 
as disclosed in note 9.
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable 
value. Costs comprise direct materials and, where applicable, 
direct labour costs and overheads that have been incurred 
in bringing the inventories to their present location and 
condition. Inventory cost is calculated using the first in, first out 
methodology. Net realisable value represents the estimated 
selling price less all estimated costs of completion and costs to 
be incurred in marketing, selling and distribution.
Financial instruments
The Group classifies financial instruments, or their component 
parts, on initial recognition as a financial asset or a financial 
liability.
Notes To The Consolidated Financial Statements For The Year Ended 31 December 2024
Development Costs:
Hardware development costs
10% of cost per annum
Courseware development costs
20% of cost per annum
Software development costs
20% of cost per annum
Virtual Reality development costs
50% of cost per annum
Software
33% of cost per annum
Freehold land:
Nil
Freehold buildings:
Net book value subsequent to 
revaluation at 1 January 2024* 
being written off over 35 years 
on a straight-line basis
Fixtures and 
Equipment:
10% to 33.33% of cost per 
annum
Motor vehicles:
20% of cost per annum

66
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Trade and other receivables
Trade and other receivables are measured at initial recognition 
at fair value, and subsequently measured at amortised cost.
The Group assesses possible increase in credit risk for financial 
assets measured at amortised cost at the end of each reporting 
period. For trade receivables the simplified approach is 
used, and the loss allowance is measured at the estimate of 
the lifetime expected credit losses. The amount of any loss 
allowance is recognised in profit or loss.
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents are recognised as financial assets. 
They comprise cash held by the Group and short-term bank 
deposits with an original maturity date of three months or less. 
Trade payables
Trade payables are initially recognised as financial liabilities 
measured at fair value, and subsequent to initial recognition 
measured at amortised cost. 
Bank borrowings
Interest bearing bank loans, overdrafts and other loans are 
recognised as financial liabilities and recorded at fair value, 
net of direct issue costs. Finance costs are accounted for on an 
amortised cost basis in the income statement using the effective 
interest rate.
Research and Development Tax 
Incentives 
The Group recognises expected tax credits for conducting 
qualifying research and development activities in the Income 
Statement when it is probable that the credit will be received 
and the amount can be measured reliably. Where the expected 
credit is taxable (such as credits arising from claims under the 
UK Research and Development Expenditure Credits (RDEC) 
scheme) the credit is shown in the Income Statement above 
the tax line. This has the effect of increasing the profit before 
tax but also increasing the total tax expense. Where the credit 
is not taxable it is included directly in the Taxation line of the 
Income Statement. In either case the tax credit is calculated at 
the current legislated rate on qualifying R&D expenditure for 
the jurisdiction concerned.
Assets Held for Sale
Assets held for sale are measured at the lower of carrying 
amount and fair value less costs to sell and classified separately 
on the face of the Group Statement of Position as current or 
non-current according to the expected date of sale. Assets held 
for sale are not depreciated.
Exceptional Items
Certain incomes and expenditures are presented as an 
‘exceptional item’ on the face of the consolidated income 
statement as a result of being seen by the Board as non-recurring 
transactions or one-off in nature. Excluding exceptional items 
from can assist in measuring performance year over year and 
against comparative companies.
Management have reviewed the comparative financial 
statements for 2023 and represented £325k as exceptional items 
on the face of the income statement, which were previously 
disclosed in other administrative expenses, with no impact on 
overall profitability in accordance with this accounting policy.
4. Critical accounting judgements and
key sources of estimation uncertainty
In the application of the Group’s accounting policies, which 
are described in note 3, the Directors are required to make 
judgements, estimates and assumptions about the carrying 
amounts of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent 
from other sources. The estimates and associated assumptions 
are based on historical experience and other factors considered 
to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an 
ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised 
in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision 
affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and 
future periods if the revision affects both current and future 
periods.
The following are the critical judgements and estimations that 
the Directors have made in the process of applying the Group’s 
accounting policies and that have the most significant effect on 
the amounts recognised in the financial statements.
Notes To The Consolidated Financial Statements For The Year Ended 31 December 2024

67
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Key source of judgement
	
Revenue recognition - IFRS 15 
considerations
A proportion of the Group’s revenue derives from long-term 
engineered solutions contracts. Judgement is used to identify 
the individual performance obligations within each contract 
and allocate costs and revenue across them. Each identified 
performance obligation is then assessed as to whether the IFRS 
15 criteria for revenue recognition over time is met.
Capitalisation of development costs
The capitalisation of development costs includes judgements 
over whether the requirements of IAS 38 intangible assets are 
met. This includes confirmation that the asset is technically and 
commercially feasible and the Group can demonstrate a market 
for the product, which supports its future economic benefits. 
Technical feasibility is confirmed through the Technology and 
Innovation teams whilst commercial viability is confirmed by 
information received through the Sales team from existing and 
potentially new customers. 
Deferred tax asset recognition
The recognition of deferred tax assets (see note 27) is based 
upon whether it is more likely than not that sufficient and 
suitable taxable profits will be available in the future against 
which the reversal of temporary differences can be deducted. 
To determine the future taxable profits, reference has been 
made to the latest available profit forecasts.
Significant items on which the Group has exercised accounting 
judgement include recognition of deferred tax assets in respect 
of brought forward unused tax losses in its UK subsidiaries. 
In determining the recoverability of the deferred tax assets 
management has followed a consistent approach as that 
adopted for goodwill impairment testing described below.
IAS 12 emphasises the point that the very existence of unrelieved 
tax losses is to be taken as strong evidence that there may not 
be other future taxable profits against which the losses will be 
relieved. 
The tax effect of  UK trading tax losses with a gross value of 
£7.0 million has been offset against deferred tax liabilities 
arising from temporary timing differences in equal measure, 
and although the Board has full confidence in the strategic and 
financial forecasts, any surplus deferred tax asset arising from 
brought forward tax losses has not been recognised.
Key source of estimation uncertainty
Impairment of goodwill and other 
intangible assets
The Group determines whether goodwill and other intangible 
assets are impaired on an annual basis. This requires an 
estimation of the value in use of the cash generating units to 
which the goodwill is allocated. Estimating the value in use 
requires the Group to make an estimate of the expected future 
cash flows from the cash generating units and also to choose a 
suitable discount rate in order to calculate the present value of 
those cash flows. Further details are given in notes 16 and 17.
Revenue recognition - estimation of 
cost to complete
For long-term engineered solutions contracts (see note 5), the 
Directors are satisfied that revenue is recognised when, and to 
the extent that, the Group obtains the right to consideration 
which is derived on a contract-by-contract basis from the 
stage of completion of the contract activity at the reporting 
date. This is measured by the proportion that contract costs 
incurred for work performed to date bear to the estimated 
total contract cost. This requires the estimation of the total 
costs of each contract based on the contractual requirements 
and the estimate cost to complete. This estimate of costs to 
complete typically comprises both labour hours and bought out 
materials. The estimate is informed through regular contract 
reviews and amended for any applicable variations. As at 31 
December 2024, the contract with the largest estimated cost to 
complete is the Boeing Defence UK contract. The sensitivity of 
the estimate is mitigated by the relatively short forecast period 
with the contract scheduled to complete in Q1 2025.
Notes To The Consolidated Financial Statements For The Year Ended 31 December 2024

68
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
5. Revenue 
An analysis of the Group’s revenue by product group is as follows:
2024
2023
£000s
£000s
Software licences & products
397
1,111
Software maintenance
1,893
1,589
Technical services
7,276
6,873
Engineered solutions
3,554
5,229
Generic products 
655
733
Total Group Revenue
13,775
15,535
The payment terms associated with the revenue groups are typically as follows:
• 
Software licences & products: payment at or before installation of software
• 
Software maintenance: payment in advance of the maintenance period
• 
Software and technical services: time-based or milestone-based payments
• 
Engineered solutions & Generic products: milestone-based payments
Revenue which was deferred as at 31 December 2024 now recognised in this year amounts to £1,332k (2023: £2,552k).
As at 31 December 2024 the transaction price of performance obligations unsatisfied at the period end was as follows:  
2024
2023
£000s
£000s
Within 1 year
3,234
7,835
In 2-5 years
1,644
2,587
After 5 years
-
770
      
4,878
11,192
Notes To The Consolidated Financial Statements For The Year Ended 31 December 2024

69
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
6. Segment information
The operating segments that are regularly reviewed by Executive Management in order to allocate resources to segments and to 
assess performance are aligned to the Training and Software & Services CGUs and the three regions, UK & Europe, North America 
and Asia-Pacific (as detailed on page 11 in the ‘Chief Executive’s Review’ section) as these represent the way the Group reports 
financial performance and position internally. The accounting policies of the reporting segments are the same as those adopted 
by the Group and set out in note 3.
6.1 Segment revenues and results
 
Segment revenue
Segment profit/(loss)
2024
2023(1)
2024
2023(1)
£000s
£000s
£000s
£000s
Training
UK & Europe
4,209
5,962
(879)
2,299
North America
-
-
-
-
Asia-Pacific
-
-
-
-
Sub-total Training
4,209
5,962
(879)
2,299
Software & Services
UK & Europe
3,142
2,859
1,042
746
North America
2,743
4,051
(483)
(263)
Asia-Pacific
3,681
2,663
727
472
Sub-total Software & Services
9,566
 9,573
1,286
955
Total
13,775
15,535
407
3,254
Management charges and licence fees
(3,009)
(3,159)
Net finance costs
(439)
(462)
Loss before tax
 (3,041)
(367)
(1) Restated to show only Generic products and Engineered product solutions within Training CGU, all other trading activity presented within Software & Services 
CGU (training services were previously included within the Training CGU) in line with the presentation of results to the executive management team. 
Notes To The Consolidated Financial Statements For The Year Ended 31 December 2024

70
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
6.2 Segment assets and liabilities
Training
Segment assets:
2024
2023(1)
£000s
£000s
UK & Europe
7,036
9,876
North America
-
-
Asia-Pacific
-
-
Consolidated assets
7,036
9,876
     
Segment liabilities:
UK & Europe
4,143
5,540
North America
-
-
Asia-Pacific
-
-
Consolidated liabilities
4,143
5,540
Software & Services
Segment assets:
£000s
£000s
UK & Europe
4,635
4,113
North America
3,021
3,041
Asia-Pacific
1,244
1,679
Consolidated assets
8,900
     8,833 
     
Segment liabilities:
UK & Europe
1,099
      501
North America
933
702
Asia-Pacific
1,417
2,242
Consolidated liabilities
3,449
3,445
(1) Restated to show only Generic products and Engineered product solutions within Training CGU, all other trading activity presented within Software & Services 
CGU (training services were previously included within the Training CGU) in line with the presentation of results to the executive management team.
6.3  Other segment information
Training
Depreciation and amortisation (2)
Additions to non-current assets (2)
2024
2023(1)
2024
2023(1)
£000s
£000s
£000s
£000s
UK & Europe
743
765
401
393
North America
-
-
-
-
Asia-Pacific
-
-
-
-
743
765
401
393
Notes To The Consolidated Financial Statements For The Year Ended 31 December 2024

71
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Software & Services
Depreciation and amortisation (2)
Additions to non-current assets (2)
2024
2023(1)
2024
2023(1)
£000s
£000s
£000s
£000s
UK & Europe
1,200
            913
1,328
           1,797
North America
23
              23  
3
                83  
Asia-Pacific
175
135
16
578
           1,398
     1,071
1,347
      2,458
(1) Restated to show only Generic products and Engineered product solutions within Training CGU, all other trading activity presented within Software & Services 
CGU (training services were previously included within the Training CGU) in line with the presentation of results to the executive management team.
(2) Other intangible assets, property, plant and equipment and right-of-use assets.
6.4 Information about major customers
Included in the revenues of each segment are the following sales to individual external customers amounting to 10% or more of 
the Group’s revenues.  
2024
2023
£000s
£000s
UK
Customer 1
3,513
5,220
Canada
Customer 2
265
2,370
7. Staff costs
The aggregate remuneration comprised:
The aggregate remuneration comprised:
2024
2023
£000s
£000s
Wages and salaries
8,327(1)
8,020
Social security costs
983
890
Other pension costs (note 32)
348
341
9,658
9,251
(1) includes termination costs of £447k resulting from the restructuring exercise.
The highest paid Director remuneration is detailed in the ‘Remuneration Report’ on pages 37 to 41.
Notes To The Consolidated Financial Statements For The Year Ended 31 December 2024

72
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
The average number of persons, including Executive Directors employed by the Group during the year was:
2024 
2023
Number
Number
Office and management
32
32
Production
99
103
Selling
8
5
139
140
8. Exceptional Items
The following expenses have been recognised as exceptional items on the face of the Group income statement due to them being 
considered non-recurring transactions or one-off in nature:
2024
2023
Restated
£000s
£000s
Included in Administrative Expenses
Inventory Impairment
407
-
Restructuring costs
1,697
-
Aborted acquisition costs
218
190
M&A integration costs
-
135
2,322
325
See note 3 for details behind the restatement.
9. Operating loss for the year
2024
2023
£000s
£000s
The operating loss for the year is stated after charging /(crediting):
Net foreign exchange profit
(232)
(73)
Research and development costs*
585
1,033
Other income arising from RDEC claim (R&D)
(117)
(205)
Property rental and sundry other income	
(68)
(4)
Amortisation of developed intangible assets	
1,092
778
Amortisation of acquired intangible assets	
552
552
Reversal of previously recognised impairment loss as a result of land and buildings revaluation (note 18)
-
(39)
Impairment of intangible assets
831
-
Impairment of inventory
407
-
Impairment of tangible assets
302
-
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment 
306
305
Depreciation of right-of-use assets
194
200
Share-based payment (note 31)
70
69
Profit on disposal of land and buildings (note 18)
(231)
             -  
Loss on disposal of other property, plant and equipment (note 18)
14
-
Profit on disposal of right of use assets
(18)
             -
*in addition, in 2024 research & development costs of £1,349k were capitalised (2023: £1,425)
Notes To The Consolidated Financial Statements For The Year Ended 31 December 2024

73
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
During 2024 research and development costs of £1,349k were capitalised (2023: £1,425k). Details of our capitalisation and 
amortisation policy can be found in note 3.
10. Auditor remuneration
2024
2023
£000s
£000s
Fees payable to the Company’s auditor for: 
The audit of the annual financial statements
91
76
The audit of the Company’s subsidiary undertaking
41
40
132
116
11. Finance costs
2024
2023
£000s
£000s
Interest expense for bank overdraft
195
180
Lease interest
77
79
Interest payable on deferred consideration on acquisition      
36
49
Movement in discounting applied to deferred consideration
105
109
Other interest expense
31
46
444
463
12. Finance income
2024
2023
£000s
£000s
Other interest receivable
5
1
5
1
Notes To The Consolidated Financial Statements For The Year Ended 31 December 2024

74
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
13. Taxation
2024
2023
£000s
£000s
Recognised in the income statement
Current UK tax credit
106
             137
Foreign tax credit 
143
     110
In respect of prior years
44
150
Sub-total current tax
293
397
Deferred tax (charge) / credit relating to origination and reversal of temporary differences  
182
(990)
In relation to prior years
(13)
44
Exchange rate difference
4
(17)
Subtotal deferred tax
173
(963)
Total income statement tax charge credit / (charge)
466
(566)
Other Comprehensive Income credit / (charge) for the period 
Deferred tax     
20
(28)
Reconciliation of effective tax rate
Loss before tax
(3,041)
(367)
Tax at the rate applicable in the United Kingdom of 25% (2023:  19.00%)
760
86
Tax effect of expenses not deductible in determining taxable profit
(31)
(198)
Tax effect of income excluded from taxable profits
(2)
9
Fixed asset differences
122
-
Impact of R&D tax credits
(50)
57
Foreign tax expensed
-
(8)
Chargeable losses
153
-
Effect of different tax rates of subsidiaries operating in other
23
  45
Jurisdictions
Effect of higher rate of deferred tax
-
(28)
Effect of change in recognition of deferred tax asset
(1,457)
(601)
Effect of adjustments for prior years (current tax)
44
150
Effect of adjustments for prior years (deferred tax)
6
44
Other differences
2
 (122)
  Total tax credit / (charge)
466
(566)
14. Dividends
No dividends were paid during the year (2023: £NIL). No final dividend will be proposed at the  Annual General Meeting (2023: 
£NIL).
Notes To The Consolidated Financial Statements For The Year Ended 31 December 2024

75
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
15. Earnings per share
Earnings per share has been calculated by dividing the net profit attributable to equity holders by the weighted average number of 
ordinary shares in issue during the year as follows:
2024
2023
£000s
£000s
Loss after tax attributable to equity holders
(2,575)
(933)
Number
Number
Weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue during the year
40,421,945
36,836,443
Diluting effect of weighted average share options in issue during the year*
1,683,762
1,610,000
Diluted average number of ordinary shares
42,105,707
38,446,443
Loss per share (basic)
(6.37p)
(2.53p)
Loss per share (diluted)*
(6.37p)
(2.53p)
* Share options are excluded from the earnings per share calculation in the consolidated income statement due to their antidilutive effect on the
loss after tax attributable to equity holders.
The Company issued 6,203,767 ordinary shares at 25p each through a placing and subscription for shares.
16. Goodwill
  Carrying amount:
£000s
  At 1 January 2023
2,507
  Currency translation
(62)
  Acquisition of Track Access Productions Ltd
150
  At 1 January 2024
2,595
  Currency translation
(65)
  At 31 December 2024
2,530
Goodwill acquired in a business combination is allocated at acquisition to cash generating units (“CGUs”) that are expected to 
benefit from that business combination. The goodwill will not be deductible for tax purposes. The Group sells or offers for sale 
the same range of all of its products in each of three distinct geographical regions, as shown in the segmental analysis at note 6. 
However, the Group’s intellectual property is owned by the Company and is licenced to its subsidiaries. As the regional entities do 
not have significant revenue-generating assets, the geographic regions are not considered to be CGUs. 
The Group has instead chosen its CGUs to reflect its two different product streams, which are Training (sale of Engineered and 
Generic products) and Software & Services (sale of Software Product Licences, Software Product Maintenance and Technical 
Services). This choice is justified because the intellectual property, know-how and mode of operation is different for each CGU.  
The carrying amount of goodwill has been allocated as follows:
Cash generating unit:
2024
2023
£000s
£000s
Training
734
734
Software
1,796
1,861
2,530
2,595
Notes To The Consolidated Financial Statements For The Year Ended 31 December 2024

76
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
The Group tests goodwill annually for impairment. The recoverable amounts of the CGU’s are determined from value in use 
calculations. The Group prepares cash flow forecasts for the following twelve months derived from the most recent annual financial 
budgets approved by the Board of Directors and extrapolates cash flows as follows:
	
Software CGU:
Cashflows derive from the board approved 3 year financial plan (inclusive of 12 month annual budget) and are extrapolated for a 
further two years at a growth rate of 3% (2023: 5%). The forecast includes a terminal value at a terminal growth rate of 3%.
Training CGU:
Cashflows derive from the board approved 3 year financial plan (inclusive of 12 month annual budget) and are extrapolated for 
an additional two years at a growth rate of 3% per annum (2023: 3%). The forecast includes a terminal value based off an average 
income from the 5 year period forecast – this is done to factor in the cyclicality experienced in the Training CGU due to long order 
to delivery gestation periods.
The forecast cash flows of each CGU are discounted at the following pre-tax rates to provide the value in use for each CGU:
Training CGU: 13.47% (2023: 11.74%)
Software CGU: 13.12% (2023: 12.87%)
The rates have been calculated to reflect the working capital structure of the Group as each CGU utilises the optimal capital 
structure, being both debt and equity.
The discounted cash flows provide headroom for the goodwill carrying values in excess of their respective assets in the case of each 
CGU with the Training headroom being £2 million and Software headroom of £12 million both after considering terminal values.
Key assumptions are based on past experience and external sources. No impairment of goodwill has been recorded in either the 
year ending 31 December 2024 or 31 December 2023. The Directors have assessed the sensitivity of the assumptions detailed 
above and consider that it would require significant adverse variance in any of the assumptions to reduce fair value to a level where 
it matched the carrying value. For example, in the Training CGU, new business revenues would need to decrease by 15% over the 
forecast period before an impairment charge is required for the carrying value of the intangibles asset (in the absence of any cost 
cutting measures).
Notes To The Consolidated Financial Statements For The Year Ended 31 December 2024

77
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
17. Other intangible assets
Software
Development 
costs
Customer 
lists and 
contracts 
Total
£000s
£000s
£000s
£000s
Cost
At 1 January 2023
549
9,911
-
10,460
Currency translation
-
(21)
-
(21)
Acquisition of TAP (Note 34)
-
-
536
536
Additions           
        28
1,425
-
1,453
Disposals
(40)
-
-
(40)
At 1 January 2024
537
11,315
536
12,388
Currency translation
-
(29)
-
(29)
Additions
22
1,349
-
1,371
At 31 December 2024
559
12,635
536
13,730
Amortisation
At 1 January 2023
531
5,239
-
5,770
Currency translation
-
(7)
-
(7)
Charge for the year
10
1,240
80
1,330
Disposals
(40)
-
-
(40)
At 1 January 2024
501
6,472
80
7,053
Currency translation
-
(16)
-
(16)
Charge for the year
19
1,517
108
1,644
Impairment
-
831
-
831
At 31 December 2024
520
8,804
188
9,512
Carrying amount
At 31 December 2024
39
3,831
348
4,218
At 31 December 2023
36
4,843
456
5,335
During 2024 the Group capitalised £1,349k (2023: £1,425k) of costs in relation to the ongoing development of the Auxilium software 
suite of solutions including enhancements to existing software related assets. More information can be found in the CEO’s report.
£831k of impairment was identified (2023: £NIL) in relation to Training Systems hardware development costs relating to specific 
projects no longer viable as a result of the training division restructure. An impairment review was performed as at 31 December 
2024 and following sensitivity analysis performed on the key assumptions, as disclosed in note 16, no further impairment to other 
intangible assets was deemed necessary.
Notes To The Consolidated Financial Statements For The Year Ended 31 December 2024

78
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
18. Property, plant and equipment
Land and 
buildings
Fixtures and 
equipment
Motor vehicles
Total
£000s
£000s
£000s
£000s
Cost / Valuation
At 1 January 2023
3,095
3,508
14
6,617
Currency translation
-
(11)
-
(11)
 Additions
-
276
29
305
Acquisition of TAP (note 34)
-
2
-
2
Revaluation
5
-
-
5
Disposals
-
(105)
(7)
(112)
At 1 January 2024
3,100
3,670
36
6,806
Currency translation
-
(35)
(3)
(38)
Additions
194
29
-
223
Reclassified as held for sale
(3,100)
-
-
(3,100)
Disposals
(194)
(75)
-
(269)
At 31 December 2024
-
3,589
33
3,622
Depreciation
At 1 January 2023
73
2,528
14
2,615
Currency translation
-
(11)
-
(11)
Revaluation
(146)
-
-
(146)
Disposals
-
(105)
(7)
(112)
Charge for year
73
228
4
305
At 1 January 2024
-
2,640
11
2,651
Currency translation
-
(18)
-
(18)
On assets held for sale
(47)
-
-
(47)
Impairment
-
302
-
302
Disposals
-
(42)
-
(42)
Charge for the year
47
253
6
306
At 31 December 2024
-
3,135
17
3,152
Carrying amount
At 31 December 2024
-
454
16
470
At 31 December 2023
3,100
1,030
25
4,155
On 27 March 2024, the Parent Company exercised its option to purchase an industrial / office unit which it had leased and occupied 
since January 2019 (Unit C1, Herrick Way, Staverton Technology Park, Staverton, Cheltenham, GL51 6TQ). The purchase price was 
£204k inclusive of certain fixtures and fittings, and the property (including fixtures and fittings) was immediately sold on the same 
date for proceeds of £484k. After agent and legal fees, the group realised a profit on disposal of £231k.
On 1st October 2024, the remainder of the owned Land & Buildings in Cheltenham, UK, were advertised for sale and subsequently 
reclassified as current assets held for sale in accordance with IFRS 5.
The carrying amount of assets classified as held for sale on 31 December 2024 is £3.1 million.
The progress of this sale process is discussed in note 37 Post Balance Sheet Events.
Notes To The Consolidated Financial Statements For The Year Ended 31 December 2024

79
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
19. Right-of-use assets
Property
Motor vehicles
            Total
£000s
£000s
 £000s
Valuation
At 1 January 2023
410
93
503
Currency translation
(1)
-
(1)
Additions
410
148
558
Depreciation
(149)
(51)
(200)
At 1 January 2024
670
190
860
Currency translation
(28)
-
(28)
Additions
103
51
154
Termination of lease
(193)
(56)
(249)
Depreciation
(128)
(66)
(194)
At 31 December 2024
424
119
543
20. Inventories
2024
2023
£000s
£000s
Raw materials and consumables           
589
936
Work in Progress
28
44
617
980
	
£695k (2023: £1,085k) of inventories have been recognised as an expense in the consolidated income statement.	
           
During the year, as a result of the restructuring of the Training side of the business, an impairment charge of £407k (2023: £nil) has 
been recognised against the inventory balance.
21. Trade and other receivables
2024
2023
£000s
£000s
Trade receivables
1,064
1,476
Contract assets
908
714
Other receivables
11
17
Prepayments
372
440
2,355
2,647
No receivables have been written off as uncollectible during the year (2023: £Nil) and it has not been necessary to recognise any 
impairment loss under the expected lifetime loss model as there is no history of trade receivables being uncollected and therefore 
it is believed any credit risk is minimal and any expected credit losses (ECL) charge would be immaterial. 
The contract assets have increased as a result of timing differences between work performed and billing on Technical Services 
contracts.
The Directors consider that the carrying amount of trade and other payables approximates to their fair value.
Notes To The Consolidated Financial Statements For The Year Ended 31 December 2024

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Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
22. Trade and other payables
2024
2023
£000s
£000s
Contract liabilities
1,502
1,687
Trade payables
672
621
Taxes and social security costs
397
611
Other creditors and Accruals
680
1,180
3,251
4,099
Contract liabilities have decreased as a result of timing differences between work performed and billing on Technical Services 
contracts.
The Directors consider that the carrying amount of trade and other payables approximates to their fair value.
23. Cash and cash equivalents
2024
2023
£000s
£000s
Cash at bank 
1,031
1,086
Petty cash
14
13
1,045
1,099
Bank overdraft
(3,330)
(2,978)
Balance as per statement of cash flows
(2,285)
(1,879)
Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash held by the Group and short-term deposits with an original maturity date of three 
months or less. The carrying amount approximates their fair value.
The bank overdraft is secured by fixed and floating charges over the assets of Pennant International Group plc, Pennant International 
Limited and by cross-guarantees between those companies.
Notes To The Consolidated Financial Statements For The Year Ended 31 December 2024

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Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
24. Lease liabilities
Property
Motor vehicles
Total
£000s
£000s
£000s
Valuation
At 1 January 2023
467
92
559
Currency translation
(1)
-
(1)
Additions
410
148
558
Termination of lease
-
-
-
Interest expense (presented as operating cash flow)
68
11
79
Repayments (principal and interest)
(205)
(69)
(274)
 At 1 January 2024
739
182
921
Currency translation
(31)
-
(31)
Additions
103
51
154
Termination of lease
(208)
(55)
(263)
Interest expense (presented as operating cash flow)
57
18
75
Repayments (principal and interest)
(171)
(80)
(251)
At 31 December 2024
489
116
605
Current
93
44
137
Non-current
396
72
468
Included in the movement in lease liabilities are repayments of lease liabilities totalling £251k (2023: £274k). The principal element 
of the repayments has been classified as financing activities in the Statement of Cash Flows whereas the interest payment is 
included in operating cash flows at note 30. All other movements are considered to be non-cash changes.
In 2024 short-term lease rentals expensed amounted to £23k (2023: £16k). The total cash outflow in respect of leases (right-of-use 
and short-term expensed rentals) was £274k (2023: £290k).
There were no low value leases or variable lease payments in the year. This is not likely to significantly change in the year ahead.
Lease payments due:
Lease payments due:
2024
2024
2023
2023
£000s
£000s
£000s
£000s
 Within 1 year
197
448
 In 2-5 years
529
555
 After 5 years
53
159
779
1,162
 Finance charges
(174)
(241)
 Net Present Value
605
921
Notes To The Consolidated Financial Statements For The Year Ended 31 December 2024

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Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
25. Deferred and contingent consideration 
Carrying amount:
£000s
At 1 January 2023
879
Currency translation
(40)
Acquisition of Track Access Productions Ltd
155
Repayment
(352)
Movement in discount applied to future repayments
109
At 1 January 2024
751
Currency translation
(31)
Repayment (TAP)
(175)
Repayment (ADG)
(336)
Movement in discount applied to future repayments (TAP)
21
Movement in discount applied to future repayments (ADG)
81
At 31 December 2024
311
Deferred consideration (Current)                                                                      
311
Contingent consideration (Non-current)
-
311
          
The deferred consideration comprises the remaining amounts expected to be paid in the financial year 2025 following the 
acquisition of Halter Holdings Pty Ltd (the parent Company of Absolute Data Group Pty Ltd and Onestrand Inc) in March 2020. 
Further details of the acquisition can be found in the annual report and accounts for the financial years 31 December 2020 and 31 
December 2021.
26. Borrowings
On 31 December 2024 the Group had available bank overdraft facilities, for use by its UK trading entities and provided by HSBC UK, 
of £3.5 million (2023: £4 million).  During April 2025 the facility was extended for a further 12 months at a lower facility limit of £2 
million which reflects the reduction in secured assets (sale of Land & Buildings).
Any overdraft arising from the facility is repayable on demand and carries interest at 2.50% (2023: 2.50%) plus the bank’s base 
rate. Any facilities used are secured by fixed and floating charges over the assets of Pennant International Group plc, Pennant 
International Limited and by cross-guarantees between those companies.
          
Notes To The Consolidated Financial Statements For The Year Ended 31 December 2024

83
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
27. Deferred tax
	
Accelerated 
tax 
depreciation
Other 
temporary 
differences
Intangible 
Assets
Tax losses
Total
£000s
£000s
£000s
£000s
£000s
 At 1 January 2023
(1,312)
720
-
2,089
1,497
 Charge to income
(49)
(155)
-
(715)
(919)
Credit to OCI
(28)
-
-
-
(28)
Exchange differences
-
 (17)
-
-
(17)
Acquisition entry
(134)
(134)
At 1 January 2024
(1,389)
548
(134)
1,374
399
Credit / (charge) to income
475
101
69
(472)
173
Credit to OCI
20
-
-
-
20
Exchange differences
-
-
(1)
-
(1)
At 31 December 2024
(894)
649
(66)
902
591
The main rate of United Kingdom (UK) corporation tax increased from 19% to 25% with effect from 1 April 2024. The 25% rate has 
been applied in the calculation of deferred taxation balances for the UK-based entities. In each foreign subsidiary, deferred tax has 
been recognised at the prevailing income tax rate in the respective country. 
At the reporting date the Group had unused tax losses of approximately £7.0 million (2023: £6.8 million) which are expected to 
be available for set-off against future profits arising in the UK. The tax effect of the deferred tax asset recognised in the Group 
statement of financial position is nil by virtue of it being offset in equal measure by the tax effect of the deferred tax liability arising 
from accelerated tax depreciation in the same UK subsidiary group.
28. Warranty provisions
2024
2023
£000s
£000s
Warranty provisions as at 1 January
144
107
Additional warranties accrued
33
              42
Warranty provisions released
(85)
(5)
Warranty provisions as at 31 December
92
144
During 2024, the warranty provisions balance has decreased due to the fulfilment of a warranty obligation on a programme 
delivered in 2024. 
Notes To The Consolidated Financial Statements For The Year Ended 31 December 2024

84
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
29. Share capital
2024
2023
£000s
£000s
Authorised, issued and fully paid
43,234,133 ordinary shares of 5p each (2023: 36,882,438)
2,162
1,844
2,162
1,844
The Company’s ordinary shares carry one vote per share, have equal rights to participate in dividends, are freely transferable and 
are not redeemable.
On 23 May 2024 3,831,767 ordinary shares and 1,600,000 subscription shares were issued at an average value of 25p per share for 
total consideration of £1.36 million. 
On 2 August 2024 772,000 subscription shares were issued at an average price of 25p per share for total consideration of £0.2 
million.
On 6 September 2024 147,928 ordinary shares were issued at an average price of 24p per share for a total consideration of £7k in
order to satisfy subscriptions under the employee Share Incentive Plan.
30. Notes to the consolidated statement of cash flows
Cash generated from operations:
2024
2023
Notes
£000s
£000s
Loss for the year
(2,575)
(933)
Finance costs
11
444
463
Finance income
12
(5)
(1)
Income tax (credit) / charge
13
(466)
566
Withholding tax
-
-
Depreciation of property, plant & equipment
18
306
305
Depreciation of right-of-use assets
19
194
200
Profit on disposal of property, plant and equipment
(217)
-
Amortisation of other intangible assets
17
1,644
1,330
Impairment of intangibles
17
831
-
Impairment of property, plant and equipment
18
302
-
Reversal of impairment on land and buildings valuation
18
-
(39)
Other income – RDEC (R&D)
(119)
(205)
Share-based payment
70
69
Operating cash flows before movement in working capital
409
1,755
Decrease in receivables
21
292
       1,482
Decrease in inventories
20
363
21
Decrease in payables and provisions 
22 / 28
(901)
(1,726)
Cash generated from operations 
163
1,532
Tax received
445
117
Interest paid
(432)
(355)
Net cash generated from operations
176
1,294
Notes To The Consolidated Financial Statements For The Year Ended 31 December 2024

85
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Changes in financing liabilities:
Bank 
overdraft
Lease 
liabilities 
(note 24)
Total 
financing 
liabilities
£000s
£000s
£000s
At 1 January 2023
(426)
(559)
(985)
Cash movements:
Change in cash and cash equivalents per cash flow statement
(1,203)
-
(1,203)
Lease repayments (principal and interest)
-
274
274
Non-cash movements:
Effect of foreign exchange rates
(250)
1
(249)
Lease additions
-
(558)
(558)
Interest added to liability
-
(79)
(79)
At 1 January 2024
(1,879)
(921)
(2,800)
Cash movements:
Change in cash and cash equivalents per cash flow statement
(300)
-
(300)
Lease repayments (principal and interest)
-
251
251
Non-cash movements:
Effect of foreign exchange rates
(106)
31
(75)
Lease additions
-
(154)
(154)
Lease terminations
-
263
263
Interest added to liability
-
(75)
(75)
At 31 December 2024
(2,285)
(605)
(2,890)
Notes To The Consolidated Financial Statements For The Year Ended 31 December 2024

86
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
31. Share-based payments
The Company operates an EMI share option scheme for certain employees of the Group (the “Scheme”). Options granted under 
the Scheme are exercisable at the price equal to the quoted mid-market price at the close of business on the date of grant. Exercise 
in all cases is subject to non-market conditions as options are forfeited if the employee leaves the Group before the options vest. 
The options granted to the Executive Directors in 2023 and 2024 are subject to market conditions as outlined in the remuneration 
report on pages 37 to 41. Details of the share options outstanding during the year are as follows: 
Options granted under the Scheme
2024
2023
Number of 
share 
options
Weighted 
average 
exercise price
Number of 
share 
options
Weighted 
average 
exercise price
Outstanding at 1 January
1,580,000
47.42p
1,530,000
48.16p
Granted during the year
919,473
28.85p
130,000
31.50p
Lapsed during the year
(210,000)
51.43p
(80,000)
35.30p
Outstanding at 31 December
2,289,473
38.39p
1,580,000
47.42p
Exercisable at 31 December
360,000
85.12p
420,000
87.53p
Of the 919,473 share options granted in 2024, 130,000 were granted to employees of the Group and 789,473 were granted to 
Executive Directors. The options held by Executive Directors are detailed in the remuneration report on pages 37 to 41. The 
130,000 share options granted in 2023 were all granted to employees of the Group. 
The option prices for the outstanding share options are:
2024
2023
30 – 50p
2,009,473
1,240,000
51 – 80p
70,000
70,000
81 – 100p
100,000
140,000
101 – 135p
110,000
130,000
The fair value of the options granted during the year under the Scheme is £104k. The weighted average fair value is 11.3p.
The options outstanding at 31 December 2024 had a weighted average remaining contractual life of 3.03 years (2023: 3.89 years).
The Group recognised total expenses related to equity-settled share-based payment transactions of £70k (2023: £69k). This is for 
the options granted to the staff and Executive Directors.
The Black-Scholes model was used to calculate the fair value of options granted in 2024 with the following inputs: 
• Expected volatility (based on historic volatility): 34.39% (2023: 39.40%)
• Risk free rate: 4.62% (2023: 3.420%)
• Expected dividend yield: 0.0% (2023: 0.0%)
• Option life: 10 years staff / 3 years executive (2023: 10 years)
• Vesting period: 3 years (2023: 3 years)
Notes To The Consolidated Financial Statements For The Year Ended 31 December 2024

87
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
The options granted to the Executive Directors in December 2024 are subject to market based vesting conditions. The options, 
granted on 11th December 2024, are exercisable at 28.5p and vest in tranches linked to growth in the Company’s share price. 
The first 50% tranche will vest upon the Company’s share price trading at 50p for a period of at least 30 consecutive days. The 
second 25% tranche will vest upon the share price trading at 75p and the third 25% tranche at 100p. The performance conditions 
must be met within three years from the date of grant in order for each tranche of the options to vest. The options lapse upon 
the occurrence of certain events, including the termination of employment. These options are incremental to the award made 
to Executive Directors in 2022 under similar conditions. Details of Directors share holding interests can be found in the Directors 
Remuneration report on pages 37 to 41.
SIP Scheme
The SIP scheme is open to UK employees and is governed by UK legislation. It is designed to promote employee share ownership 
and provides tax advantages to participants. The participating employees have monthly deductions taken from their salaries each 
year under a salary sacrifice arrangement which are then held by the trustees of the SIP and used to purchase shares at the end 
of the period.
32. Employee benefits
Defined contribution
The Group operates defined contribution pension schemes. The assets of the schemes are held separately from those of the Group 
in independently administered funds. The pension cost charge represents contributions payable by the Group to the funds.
2024
2023
£000s
£000s
Contributions payable by the Group for the year      
348
341
33. Financial instruments
33.1  Capital risk management
The Group manages its capital to ensure that it will be able to continue as a going concern while maximising the return to 
shareholders. The capital structure of the Group consists of cash and cash equivalents (including the bank overdraft facility) and 
equity comprising issued share capital, reserves and retained earnings. The Group is not subject to any externally imposed capital 
requirements.
Notes To The Consolidated Financial Statements For The Year Ended 31 December 2024

88
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
33.2  Categories of financial instruments 
2024
2023
£000s
£000s
Financial assets
Measured at amortised cost
Trade receivables 
1,064
1,476
Contract assets
908
714
Other receivables
11
17
Cash and cash equivalents
1,045
1,099
3,028
3,306
Financial liabilities
Measured at amortised cost
Contract liabilities
1,502
1,687
Trade payables
672
621
Other creditors 
366
146
Bank overdraft
3,330
2,978
Lease liabilities
779
1,162
Deferred consideration on acquisition
311
468
6,960
7,062
33.3  Contractual maturities of financial liabilities
All of the financial liabilities in the table above are non-derivative financial liabilities and have contractual maturities as follows:
Within 1 year
Within 2 – 5 
years
After 5 years
Total
£000
£000
£000
£000
Contract liabilities
1,502
-
-
1,502
Trade payables
672
-
-
672
Other creditors 
366
-
-
366
Bank overdraft*
3,330
-
-
3,330
Lease liabilities
197
529
53
779
Deferred consideration on acquisition
311
311
6,378
529
53
6,960
 
 * The bank overdraft is ordinarily renewed in April of each financial year and therefore deemed to have a contract maturity of less than one year.
33.4	
Financial risk management
Financial risks include market risk (principally foreign currency risk), credit risk, liquidity risk and interest risk. The Group seeks 
to minimise the effect of these risks by developing and applying policies and procedures which are regularly reviewed for 
appropriateness and effectiveness. The Group’s principal financial instruments comprise cash held in current accounts, trade 
receivables, trade payables, other payables and borrowings that arise directly from its operations.
Notes To The Consolidated Financial Statements For The Year Ended 31 December 2024

89
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
33.5	
Foreign currency risk
The Group operates internationally, which gives rise to financial exposure from changes in foreign exchange rates. At 31 December 
2024 and 31 December 2023, the Group had no commitments under forward exchange contracts. 
The Canadian dollar, the Australian dollar and the American dollar are the main foreign currencies in which the Group operates. 
The carrying amounts of the Group’s monetary assets and liabilities denominated in these currencies expressed in sterling at the 
reporting date are as follows:
	
Liabilities
Assets
2024
2023
2024
2023
£000s
£000s
£000s
£000s
Canadian $
183
189
657
886
American $
38
35
160
154
Australian $
748
1,122
363
628
Total
969
1,346
1,180
1,668
The following table details the Group’s sensitivity to a 5% strengthening in Sterling against the relevant foreign currencies. The 
analysis includes outstanding foreign currency denominated monetary items where denominated in a currency other than the 
functional currency of the debtor or creditor. A positive number indicates an increase in profits and a negative number a decrease 
in profit. A 5% weakening of Sterling against the relevant currencies would have an equal and opposite effect on profit.
	
Impact on profit
2024
2023
£000s
£000s
Canadian $
(23)
(33)
American $
(6)
(6)
Australian $
18
24
33.6	
Credit risk
Credit risk refers to the risk that a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations, 
resulting in financial loss to the Group, and arises principally from the Group’s receivables from customers and bank current 
accounts. Major customers that wish to trade on credit terms are subject to credit verification procedures and receivable balances 
are monitored on an on-going basis. 
The credit risk on bank current account balances is limited because the counterparties are banks with high credit ratings assigned 
by international credit-rating agencies. No impairments for bad or doubtful debts have been made.  At the end of the financial 
year there are no material debts that are deemed to be past due. At 31 December 2024 and 31 December 2023 there were no 
significant concentrations of credit risk outside of the two customers disclosed in note 6.4. The maximum exposure to credit risk is 
represented by the carrying amount of each financial asset in the statement of financial position.
33.7 Liquidity risk
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group does not have sufficient cash to meet its financial obligations as they fall due. The Group 
manages its liquidity needs primarily through its cash flow forecasting process whereby an updated consolidated and entity-level 
forecast is produced for review by the Chief Financial Officer on a fortnightly basis. The forecast typically forecasts eighteen months 
ahead using weekly timebands for the current financial year and monthly timebands for the following financial year. 
Notes To The Consolidated Financial Statements For The Year Ended 31 December 2024

90
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Cash forecasts are compiled on a prudent basis using accurate financial accounting system and bank data and are periodically stress-
tested to check that the Group has adequate headroom in the event of delayed customer receipts or orders. The regularity of cash 
forecasting ensures that proposed payments can easily be checked against the forecast and that sufficient cash is maintained in the 
Group’s overseas subsidiaries. Longer-term cash forecasts are developed as required by particular business scenarios determined 
by the Board of Directors, such as planning for an acquisition. 
The forecasting process as outlined above ensures that the Group can plan ahead to ensure that sufficient cash and undrawn 
facilities are available for the Group to fund its ongoing operations and to meet its medium-term capital and funding obligations. 
At the year end the Group had a net overdraft of £2,285k (2023: £1,879k) and net undrawn facilities of £1,215k (2023: £2,121k) 
against the temporarily increased overdraft facility of £3.5 million (2023: £4.0 million). The level of the Group’s overdraft facility is 
reviewed annually.
The Group’s financial obligations consist of trade and other payables and obligations under leases which are set out in notes 22 
and 24 respectively.
Trade and other payables are all payable within three months. 
33.8 Interest risk
The Group is from time to time exposed to interest rate risk on the bank overdraft when the Group is overdrawn. This is the only 
liability subject to interest rate risk at the balance sheet date. Interest is paid on bank overdraft at 2.50% (2023: 2.50%) over 
base rate. A 1% rise/fall in interest rates would have decreased/increased profit for the year by an immaterial amount (2023: 
immaterial).
34. Related party transactions
Transactions with related parties
For the Group there were no sales to, purchases from or, at the year end, balances with any related party.
Intra-group transactions
Transactions between the Company and its subsidiaries, which are related parties, have been eliminated on consolidation and are 
not disclosed in this note. 
Remuneration of key management personnel
Amounts paid to Group Directors who are the only key management personnel of the Group are set out in the Remuneration 
Report.
Dividends paid to Directors
Dividends totalling £Nil (2023: £Nil) were paid in the year in respect of ordinary shares in which the Company’s Directors had a 
beneficial interest.
Notes To The Consolidated Financial Statements For The Year Ended 31 December 2024

91
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
35. Business combinations
The Group did not enter into any business combinations in 2024. 
On 12 April 2023, Pennant acquired the entire issued share capital of Track Access Productions Limited (“TAP”). The consideration 
payable for the acquisition comprised an enterprise value of £585k, plus an amount of circa £385k in respect of TAP’s ‘free cash’ 
after allowing for normalised working capital and repayment of debt. The acquisition was funded from the Group’s existing cash 
resources.
36. Audit exemptions for group companies
The following companies have exercised exemption from audit under s479A, S480A of the Companies Act 2006 and s394A of the 
Companies Act 2006:
o	 	Aviation Skills Foundation Limited (s480)
o	 	Pennant SIP Trustee Limited (s479A)
o	 	Pennant Rail Holdings Limited (previously Pennant Support and Development Services Limited) (s479A)
o	 	Track Access Productions Limited (S479A)
37. Post balance sheet events
On 24th February 2025 the company announced the disposal of unit D at the Group’s Staverton site for a cash consideration of 
£0.83 million as part of the previously announced streamlining of the Group’s Training Division. 
On 7th April 2025 the company announced the exchange of contracts on three more commercial properties at the Group’s Staverton 
site (units D3, D4 and car park). The aggregate consideration is £1.2 million and completion on each of the transactions is set for 
25 April 2025. 
During April 2025 the Group renewed its overdraft facility with its bankers, HSBC, at a limit of £2 million, for 12 months, secured 
by charges on the remaining owned land & buildings at Cheltenham, UK.
Notes To The Consolidated Financial Statements For The Year Ended 31 December 2024

92
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Company Number: 03187528 
Company Statement of Comprehensive Income for the year 
ended 31 December 2024
Notes
2024
2023
£000s
£000s
Continuing operations
Management charges and licence fees receivable
3,007
3,171
Profit on sale of land
231  
-
Exceptional costs
(1,062)
-
Administrative expenses
(3,996)
(3,967)
Operating loss
(1,820)
(796)
Finance costs
4
(48)
(63)
Loss before tax
(1,868)
(859)
Taxation
5
381
242
Loss after tax
(1,487)
(617)
Other comprehensive income
-
-
Total comprehensive loss attributable to equity holders
(1,487)
(617)
 Company Statement Of Comprehensive Income For The Year Ended 31 December 2024

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Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Company Statement of Financial Position at 31 December 2024
Notes
2024
2023
£000s
£000s
Non-current assets
Investment in subsidiaries
6
6,763
6,763
Other intangible assets
8
4,901
5,608
Right of Use assets
9
63
47
Total non-current assets
11,727
12,418
Current assets
Trade and other receivables
10
55
43
Amounts due from subsidiaries
3,848
3,365
Corporation tax recoverable
145
137
Total current assets
4,048
3,545
Total assets
15,775
15,963
Current liabilities
Trade and other payables
11
219
369
Bank overdraft
12
167
562
Amounts due to subsidiaries
7,345
6,729
Lease liabilities
13
20
17
Total current liabilities
7,751
7,677
Net current liabilities
(3,703)
     (4,132)
Non-current liabilities
Lease liabilities
13
40
28
Deferred tax liability
14
367
616
Total liabilities
8,158
8,321
Net assets
7,617
7,642
Equity
Share capital
15
2,162
1,844
Share premium account
6,457
5,383
Capital redemption reserve
200
200
Retained earnings 
(1,202)
215
Total equity
7,617
7,642
Approved by the Board and authorised for issue on 23 April 2025.
D Wiggins, Director 
The accompanying notes on pages 96 to 104 are an integral part of these financial statements.
Company Statement Of Financial Position At 31 December 2024

94
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Company Statement of Changes In Equity for the year 
ended 31 December 2024
Share capital
Share 
Premium
Capital 
redemption 
reserve
Retained 
earnings
Total equity
£000s
£000s
£000s
£000s
£000s
At 1 January 2023
1,840
5,366
200
763
8,169
Total comprehensive loss for the 
year
-
-
-
(617)
(617)
Issue of new ordinary shares
4
17
-
-
21
Recognition of share-based 
payment 
-
-
-
69
69
At 1 January 2024
1,844
5,383
200
215
7,642
Total comprehensive loss for the 
year
-
-
-
(1,487)
(1,487)
Issue of new ordinary shares
318
1,252
-
-
1,570
Issue costs
-
(178)
-
-
(178)
Recognition of share-based 
payment 
-
-
-
70
70
At 31 December 2024
2,162
6,457
200
(1,202)
7,617
Note: see page 60 for a description of the reserves appearing in the column headings of the table above. 
 Company Statement Of Changes In Equity For The Year Ended 31 December 2024

95
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Company Statement of Cash Flows for the year ended 31 December 2024
Notes
2024
2023
£
£
Net cash from operations
16
(1,200)
679
Investing activities
Purchase of property, plant & equipment
7
(223)
-
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant & equipment
7
454
-
231
-
Financing activities
Proceeds from issue of ordinary shares
15
1,392
21
Repayment of lease liabilities
13
(28)
(25)
Net cash generated from financing activities
1,364
(4)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
395
675
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
(562)
(1,237)
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
(167)
(562)
Company Statement Of Cash Flows For The Year Ended 31 December 2024

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Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Notes to the Company Financial Statements for the year ended 
31 December 2024
1. Accounting policies
The separate financial statements of the Company are presented as required by the Companies Act 2006. As permitted by the Act 
the separate financial statements have been prepared in accordance with UK-adopted International Accounting Standards (“IFRS”). 
The principal accounting policies adopted are the same as those set out in note 3 to the consolidated financial statements with the 
following exceptions;
Investments in subsidiaries which are stated at cost less, where appropriate, provisions for impairment. 
Inter group amounts receivable/payable - amounts owed to/from group undertakings are measured at amortised cost and are 
repayable on demand.
Key sources of estimation uncertainty
The following are the critical judgements and estimations that the Directors have made in the process of applying the Company’s 
accounting policies and that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the financial statements.
Investment in subsidiaries
The Company determines whether investments are impaired on an annual basis. This requires an estimation of the value in use 
of the subsidiary investment. Estimating the value in use requires the Company to make an estimate of the expected future cash 
flows from the cash generating units and also to choose a suitable discount rate in order to calculate the present value of those 
cash flows. Key assumptions used in these estimations relate to revenue growth; should revenue growth not be achieved in line 
with forecasts there may be potential impairment in the future.
Impairment of other intangible assets
The Company determines whether other intangible assets are impaired on an annual basis. This requires an estimation of the 
value in use of the cash generating units to which the other intangible assets are allocated. Estimating the value in use requires 
the Company to make an estimate of the expected future cash flows from the cash generating units and also to choose a suitable 
discount rate in order to calculate the present value of those cash flows. See note 8 for further disclosure.
2. Operating loss
The operating loss is stated after amortisation of other intangible assets of £1,537k (2023: £1,362k) which is included in 
Administrative expenses in the Statement of Comprehensive Income. The auditor’s remuneration for audit and other services is 
disclosed in note 10 to the consolidated financial statements.
Exceptional costs, as defined in the notes to the Group financial statements, comprise the costs of an aborted acquisition (£217k), 
restructuring costs (£194k) and a charge for the impairment of intangibles resulting from the restructuring program (£651k). 
Notes To The Company Financial Statements For The Year Ended 31 December 2024

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Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
3. Staff costs
The aggregate remuneration comprised:
2024
2023
£000s
£000s
Wages and salaries (1)
1,542
1,416
Social security costs
185
164
Other pension costs
94
92
1,821
1,672
(1) includes termination costs of £185k resulting from the restructuring exercise.
The average number of persons, including Executive Directors employed by the Company during the year was 7 (2023: 5). 
4. Finance costs
2024
2023
£000s
£000s
 Interest expense
48
63
5. Taxation
2024
2023
£000s
£000s
Current tax credit
132
268
Deferred tax (charge) / credit
249
(26)
Tax credit for the year
381
242
Reconciliation of effective tax rate
Loss before tax
(1,868)
(859)
Tax at applicable rate of 25.0% (2023: 19.0%)
467
202
Effect of expenses that are not deductible for tax 
(36)
(61)
Effect of other transfers and adjustments 
(38)
(30)
Effect of adjustments for prior years 
(12)
131
Total tax credit
381
         242
Notes To The Company Financial Statements For The Year Ended 31 December 2024

98
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
6. Subsidiaries
Details of the Company’s subsidiaries at 31 December 2024 are as follows:
Subsidiary name
Registered office
Proportion of 
ownership
Pennant International Limited
Unit D1 Staverton Connection, Staverton, Cheltenham, GL51 0TF
100%
Pennant Rail Holdings Limited*
Unit D1, as above
100%
Track Access Productions Limited**
Unit D1, as above
100%
Aviation Skills Foundation Limited***
Unit D1, as above
100%
Pennant SIP Trustee Limited
Unit D1, as above
100%
Pennant Canada Limited
1400 Blair Place, Suite 100, Ottawa, Ontario K1J 9B8, Canada
100%
Pennant Australasia Pty Limited
Suite 2, Building 25, 270 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, 
Victoria 3168, Australia
100%
Pennant Information Services Inc.
1400 Blair Place, as above
100%
Halter Holdings Pty Ltd****
GPO Box 2890, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
100%
Absolute Data Group Pty Ltd****
GPO Box 2890, as above
100%
Pennant America Inc.
399 Boylston St. 6th Floor, Boston
MA 02116, USA
100%
* Previously Pennant Support & Development Services Limited
** Subsidiary of Pennant Rail Holdings Limited
*** Struck off 21 May 2024
**** Subsidiary of Pennant Australasia Pty Limited
The investments in subsidiaries are all stated at cost as follows in the table below: 
Cost of investment
£000s
Cost of investment – beginning of year
6,763
Cost of investment – end of year
6,763
Impairment – beginning of the year
-
Impairment – end of year
-
Net cost of investment – end of year
6,763
Net cost of investment – beginning of year
6,763
Notes To The Company Financial Statements For The Year Ended 31 December 2024

99
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
7. Property, Plant & Equipment
Development costs
Total
£000s
£000s
Cost / Valuation
At 1 January 2024
-
-
Additions
223
-
Disposals
(223)
-
At 31 December 2024
-
-
On 27 March 2024 the Parent Company exercised its option to purchase an industrial / office unit which the Group had leased and 
occupied since January 2019 (Unit C1, Herrick Way, Staverton Technology Park, Staverton, Cheltenham GL51 6TQ).
8. Other intangible assets
Development costs
£000s
Cost 
At 1 January 2023
7,595
Additions
1,550
At 31 December 2023
9,145
Additions
1,481
At 31 December 2024
10,626
Amortisation
At 1 January 2023
2,175
Charge for the year
1,362
At 31 December 2023
3,537
Charge for the year
1,537
Impairment
651
At 31 December 2024
5,725
Carrying amount
At 31 December 2024
4,901
At 31 December 2023
5,608
Additions in the year relate to product development services carried out on behalf of the company by its operating subsidiaries, 
payments are settled through inter company transactions.
£651k of impairment was identified (2023: £NIL) in relation to Training Systems hardware development costs relating to specific 
projects no longer viable as a result of the training division restructure. 
An impairment review was performed as at 31 December 2024 and following sensitivity analysis performed on the key assumptions, 
as disclosed in note 16 to the group accounts, no further impairment to other intangible assets was deemed necessary.
Notes To The Company Financial Statements For The Year Ended 31 December 2024

100
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
9. Right-of-use assets
Motor vehicles
£000s
Valuation
At 1 January 2023
25
Additions
41
Depreciation
(19)
At 1 January 2024
47
Additions
37
Depreciation
(21)
At 31 December 2024
63
10. Trade and other receivables
Trade and other receivables principally comprise prepaid overhead costs and recoverable VAT. The carrying amount approximates 
to their fair value.
11. Trade and other payables
Trade and other payables principally comprise amounts outstanding or accrued for services and ongoing costs. The carrying 
amount approximates to their fair value.
12. Borrowings
Details of the Group overdraft arrangements are set out in note 26 to the consolidated financial statements.
13. Lease liabilities
Motor vehicles
£000s
Valuation
At 1 January 2023
27
Additions
41
Interest expense (presented as operating cash flow)
2
Repayments (principal and interest)
(25)
At 1 January 2024
45
Additions
37
Interest expense (presented as operating cash flow)
5
Repayments (principal and interest)
(27)
At 31 December 2024
60
Current
20
Non-current
40
Notes To The Company Financial Statements For The Year Ended 31 December 2024

101
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
In 2024 short-term lease rentals expensed amounted to £Nil (2021: £Nil). The total cash outflow in respect of leases (right-of-use 
and short-term expensed rentals) was £25k.
There were no low value leases or variable lease payments excluded from lease liabilities. This is not likely to significantly change 
in the year ahead.
Lease payments due
2024
2023
£000s
£000s
Within 1 year
25
21
In 1-5 years
44
33
69
54
Finance charges
 (9)
(9)
Net present value
60
45
14. Deferred tax
	
Accelerated tax depreciation
Tax losses
Total
£000s
£000s
£000s
At 1 January 2023
(719)
129
(590)
(Charge) / credit to income
(50)
24
(26)
At 1 January 2024
(769)
153
   (616)
Credit to income
152
97
249
At 31 December 2024
(617)
250
(367)
15. Share capital
Details are set out in note 29 to the consolidated financial statements.
Notes To The Company Financial Statements For The Year Ended 31 December 2024

102
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
16. Notes to the cash flow statement
Cash generated from operations:
2024
2023
£000s
£000s
Loss for the year
(1,487)
(617)
Net finance costs / (income) 
48
63
Amortisation
1,537
1,362
Impairment of intangible assets
651
-
Depreciation charge – right-of-use asset
21
19
Profit on disposal of property, plant & equipment
(231)
-
Income tax credit
(381)
(242)
Share-based payment
70
      69
Operating cash flows before movement in working capital
228
      654
Increase in receivables
(1,211)
 (1,725)
(Decrease) / Increase in payables
(293)
 1,633
Cash (used in) / generated from operations
(1,276)
  562
Tax received
124
180
Interest paid
(48)
              (63)
Net cash generated from operations
(1,200)
679
Changes in financing liabilities:
Bank overdraft
Lease liabilities 
(note 13)
Total 
financing 
liabilities
£000s
£000s
£000s
At 1 January 2023
(1,237)
(27)
(1,264)
Cash movements:
Change in cash and cash equivalents per cash flow statement
675
-
675
Lease repayments (principal and interest)
-
25
25
Non-cash movements:
Lease terminations
-
(41)
(41)
Interest added to liability
-
(2)
(2)
At 1 January 2024
(562)
(45)
(607)
Cash movements:
Change in cash and cash equivalents per cash flow statement
395
-
395
Lease repayments (principal and interest)
-
27
27
Non-cash movements:
Lease additions
-
(37)
(37)
Interest added to liability
-
(5)
(5)
At 31 December 2024
(167)
(60)
(227)
Notes To The Company Financial Statements For The Year Ended 31 December 2024

103
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
17. Financial instruments
The Company’s approach to the management of capital and market risks is set out in note 33 to the consolidated financial 
statements. To address its liquidity risk the Company ensures that sufficient cash and undrawn facilities are available to fund 
ongoing operations and to meet its medium-term capital and funding obligations. The Company is from time to time exposed to 
interest rate risk on its bank overdraft facility. Interest is paid on its bank overdraft at 2.50% (2023: 2.50%) over base rate. A 1% 
rise/fall in interest rates would have decreased/ increased profit for the year by an immaterial amount (2023: immaterial). The 
Company is not exposed to foreign currency risks.      
Categories of financial instruments 
	
2024
2023
	
£000s
£000s
Financial assets
Measured at amortised cost
Trade and other receivables 
55
14
Amounts due from subsidiaries
3,848
3,365
3,903
3,379
Financial liabilities	
Measured at amortised cost  
Bank overdraft
167
562
Trade and other payables
70
113
Amounts due to subsidiaries
7,345
6,729
7,582
7,404
18. Contingent liabilities
The Company is party to a group registration for the purposes of Value Added Tax (VAT). Members of the group are jointly and 
severally liable for the total tax due. The total amount of VAT payable by the group registration and not accrued in the statement 
of financial position was £Nil (2023: £Nil).
19. Related party transactions
	
Transactions with related parties consist of: 
Sales to subsidiary companies
Management and licence charges	
2024
2023
£000s
£000s
Pennant International Limited
1,527
1,612
Track Access Productions Limited
119
68
Pennant Canada Limited 
555
739
Pennant Australasia Pty Limited
699
658
Pennant America Inc.
108
97
3,008
3,174
Management fees, accounted for on an accruals basis, represent the charges for central services provided by the parent company 
to its subsidiary entities.
Notes To The Company Financial Statements For The Year Ended 31 December 2024

104
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
License fees, accounted for on an accruals basis, are charged by the parent company to its subsidiaries as compensation for the 
right of use of the intellectual property that is owned by the parent company.
Purchases from subsidiary companies
Product development services*
	
2024
2023
£000s
£000s
Pennant International Limited
759
662
Pennant Canada Limited 
292
272
Pennant Australasia Pty Limited
376
515
Pennant America Inc.
54
99
1,481
1,548
*capitalised as other intangible assets
Salaries and other expenses settled on behalf of the Company
Pennant International Limited
1,577
1,580
Intercompany balances between the Company and its subsidiaries at the year end were as follows:
Amounts due from subsidiaries
2024
2023
	
£000s
£000s
Pennant Rail Holdings Limited 
1,964
1,789
Pennant Canada Limited
238
390
Pennant Australasia Pty Limited
1,410
1,011
Pennant SIP Trustee Limited
19
-
Pennant America Inc.
217
175
3,848
3,365
Amounts due to subsidiaries
Pennant International Limited
4,284
3,725
Track Access Productions Limited
139
74
Pennant Information Services Inc.
560
551
Absolute Data Group Pty Limited
2,362
2,379
7,345
6,729
20. Going Concern
Please refer to note 3 of the Group consolidated financial statements for an overview of the going concern assessment for the 
Group including its parent company.
21. Post Balance Sheet Events
Please refer to note 37 of the Group consolidated financial statements for details of all and any post balance sheet events related 
to the Group and its parent company.
Notes To The Company Financial Statements For The Year Ended 31 December 2024

105
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Shareholder Information and Financial Calendar 
Shareholder enquiries
If you have an enquiry about the Company’s business, or about something affecting you as a shareholder (other than queries 
that are dealt with by the Neville Registrars as registrar), you should contact the Company Secretary by letter to the Company’s 
registered office or by email to cosec@pennantplc.co.uk
Share register
Neville Registrars maintain the register of members of the Company.
If you have any questions about your personal holding of the Company’s shares, please contact Neville Registrars using the 
following details:
Neville House
Steelpark Road
Halesowen
B62 8HD
Telephone: 0121 585 1131
If you change your name or address (or we write to you and have mis-addressed the correspondence), please notify the registrars 
in writing or contact them using the details above. 
Financial calendar
Annual General Meeting – 6 June 2025
Expected announcement of results for the year ending 31 December 2025:
Half-year announcement - September 2025
Full-year preliminary announcement - April 2026
Daily share price listings
The Financial Times - AIM
Shareholder Information and Financial Calendar 

106
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Officers and Professional Advisers
Directors
I Dighé (Chair) (appointed 7 February 2024)
P H Walker FCA (Chief Executive Officer)
D J Clements
D J Wiggins (appointed 20 November 2024)
 D Wilkinson
K P van Der Leest (appointed 3 September 2024)
J Kempster (appointed 18 July 2024)
Secretary
D J Clements 
Registered office
Unit D1
Staverton Connection
Staverton
Cheltenham
Gloucestershire
GL51 0TF
Company number
03187528
Auditor
S&W Partners Audit Limited (formerly CLA Evelyn Partners Limited)
Cumberland House
15-17 Cumberland Place
Southampton
SO15 2BG
Bankers
HSBC UK Bank Plc
2 The Promenade
Cheltenham
GL50 1LR
Nominated Adviser
Zeus Capital
125 Old Broad Street
London
EC2N 1AR
Broker
Cavendish Capital Markets Limited
One Bartholomew Close
London
EC1A 7BL
Officers And Professional Advisers

107
Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024

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Pennant Annual Report & Accounts 2024
Company Number: 03187528
sales@pennantplc.com
pennantplc.com