Park-Ohio
Annual Report 2016

Plain-text annual report

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(cid:46)(cid:46)(cid:46)(cid:1)(cid:46)(cid:46)(cid:46) (cid:43)(cid:46)(cid:43)(cid:46)(cid:43)(cid:46)(cid:43)(cid:46)(cid:43)(cid:46)(cid:43)(cid:46)(cid:1) 2016 FORM 10-K [THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK] UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K (Mark One) Í ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 or ‘ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 to For the transition period from Commission file number: 000-03134 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Ohio 34-1867219 (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 6065 Parkland Boulevard, Cleveland, Ohio (Address of principal executive offices) 44124 (Zip Code) Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (440) 947-2000 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Name of each exchange on which registered Common Stock, Par Value $1.00 Per Share The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. is a successor issuer to Park-Ohio Industries, Inc. Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ‘ No Í Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ‘ No Í Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes Í No ‘ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes Í No ‘ Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. Í Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): Large accelerated filer ‘ Accelerated filer Í Non-accelerated filer Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ‘ Yes Í No Aggregate market value of the registrant’s Common Stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant: Approximately $238,663,000 based on ‘ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Smaller reporting company ‘ the closing price of $28.28 per share of the registrant’s Common Stock on June 30, 2016. Number of shares outstanding of registrant’s Common Stock, par value $1.00 per share, as of February 28, 2017: 12,415,301. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on or about May 11, 2017 are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K. [THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK] PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. FORM 10-K ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS Item No. PART I. 1. 1A. 1B. 2. 3. 4. Business Risk Factors Unresolved Staff Comments Properties Legal Proceedings Mine Safety Disclosures PART II. 5. 6. 7. Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Selected Financial Data Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 8. 9. 9A. 9B. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure Controls and Procedures Other Information PART III 10. 11. 12 13. 14. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance Executive Compensation Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence Principal Accountant Fees and Services PART IV. 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules Signatures Page 2 8 16 16 18 19 20 21 22 37 38 73 73 73 74 74 74 75 75 76 77 1 Part I Item 1. Business Overview Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. (“Holdings” or “ParkOhio”), incorporated in Ohio since 1998, is a diversified international company providing world-class customers with a supply chain management outsourcing service, capital equipment used on their production lines, and manufactured components used to assemble their products. References herein to “we” or “the Company” include, where applicable, Holdings and Park-Ohio Industries, Inc. and Holdings’ other direct and indirect subsidiaries. The Company operates through three reportable segments: Supply Technologies, Assembly Components and Engineered Products. As of December 31, 2016, we employed approximately 5,900 people, including approximately 300 people from the recent acquisition of GH Electrotermia S.A. (“GH”). Further discussion of and financial information for these segments, including net sales, operating income, assets and capital expenditures, is contained in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In December 2016, we acquired GH, headquartered in Valencia, Spain, for $23.4 million in cash (net of $6.3 million cash acquired), plus the assumption of $13.9 million in debt. GH, which had 2016 revenues of approximately $55 million, is a global leader in the design, manufacturing and testing of induction heating equipment and heat treat solutions. GH, which operates through its locations in Spain, India, Germany, China and the United States, strengthens our position as the global leader of induction products and adds key technologies to our already diverse portfolio of induction hardening capabilities. 2 The following table summarizes the key attributes of each of our business segments: Supply Technologies Assembly Components Engineered Products NET SALES FOR 2016 $502 million $529 million $245 million SELECTED PRODUCTS SELECTED INDUSTRIES SERVED • Control arms • Knuckles • Injection molded rubber products • Turbo charging hose • Turbo coolant hose • Rubber and thermoplastic hose • Oil pans • Flywheel spacers • Fuel filler assemblies • Gasoline direct injection systems • Automotive • Agricultural equipment • Construction equipment • Heavy-duty truck • Marine equipment • Induction heating and melting systems • Pipe threading systems • Industrial oven systems • Forging presses • Forged steel and machined products • Ferrous and non-ferrous metals • Coatings • Forging • Foundry • Heavy-duty truck • Construction equipment • Automotive • Oil and gas • Rail • Aerospace and defense Sourcing, planning and procurement of over 190,000 production components, including: • Fasteners • Pins • Valves • Hoses • Wire harnesses • Clamps and fittings • Rubber and plastic components • Heavy-duty truck • Power sports and recreational equipment • Aerospace and defense • Electrical distribution and controls • Consumer electronics • Bus and coaches • Automotive • Agricultural and construction equipment • HVAC • Lawn and garden • Semiconductor equipment • Plumbing • Medical The Company consists of the following segments: Supply Technologies Our Supply Technologies business provides our customers with Total Supply Management™, a proactive solutions approach that manages the efficiencies of every aspect of supplying production parts and materials to our customers’ manufacturing floor, from strategic planning to program implementation. Total Supply Management™ includes such services as engineering and design support, part usage and cost analysis, supplier selection, quality assurance, bar coding, product packaging and tracking, just-in-time and point-of-use delivery, electronic billing services and ongoing technical support. We operate 65 logistics service centers in the United States, Mexico, Canada, Puerto Rico, Scotland, Hungary, China, Taiwan, Singapore, India, England, France, Spain, Poland, Northern Ireland and Ireland, as well as production sourcing and support centers in Asia. Through our supply chain management programs, we supply more than 190,000 globally-sourced production components, many of which are specialized and customized to meet individual customers’ needs. 3 Total Supply Management™ provides our customers with an expert partner in strategic planning, global sourcing, technical services, parts and materials, logistics, distribution and inventory management of production components. Some production components are characterized by low per unit supplier prices relative to the indirect costs of supplier management, quality assurance, inventory management and delivery to the production line. In addition, Supply Technologies delivers an increasingly broad range of higher-cost production components including valves, fuel hose assemblies, electro-mechanical hardware, labels, fittings, steering components and many others. Applications engineering specialists and the direct sales force work closely with the engineering staff of OEM customers to recommend the appropriate production components for a new product or to suggest alternative components that reduce overall production costs, streamline assembly or enhance the appearance or performance of the end product. As an additional service, Supply Technologies also provides spare parts and aftermarket products to end users of its customers’ products. Total Supply Management™ services are typically provided to customers pursuant to sole-source arrangements. We believe our services distinguish us from traditional buy/sell distributors, as well as manufacturers who supply products directly to customers, because we outsource our customers’ high-volume production components supply chain management, providing processes customized to each customer’s needs and replacing numerous current suppliers with a sole-source relationship. Our highly-developed, customized, information systems provide global transparency and flexibility through the complete supply chain. This enables our customers to: (1) significantly reduce the direct and indirect cost of production component processes by outsourcing internal purchasing, quality assurance and inventory fulfillment responsibilities; (2) reduce the amount of working capital invested in inventory and floor space; (3) reduce component costs through purchasing efficiencies, including bulk buying and supplier consolidation; and (4) receive technical expertise in production component selection and design and engineering. Our sole-source arrangements foster long-term, entrenched supply relationships with our customers and, as a result, the average tenure of service for our top 50 Supply Technologies clients exceeds seven years. Supply Technologies’ remaining sales are generated through the wholesale supply of industrial products to other manufacturers and distributors pursuant to master or authorized distributor relationships. The Supply Technologies segment also engineers and manufactures precision cold formed and cold extruded products, including locknuts, SPAC® nuts and wheel hardware, which are principally used in applications where controlled tightening is required due to high vibration. Supply Technologies produces both standard items and specialty products to customer specifications, which are used in large volumes by customers in the automotive, heavy-duty truck and rail industries. Supply Technologies expanded its industry focus with the 2014 acquisition of Apollo Aerospace. Apollo Aerospace provides similar Total Supply Management™ services across a broad range of customers in the commercial aerospace and defense industries serving customers throughout the United States, Europe, and Asia. Markets and Customers. For the year ended December 31, 2016, approximately 70% of Supply Technologies’ net sales were to domestic customers. Remaining sales were primarily to manufacturing facilities of large, multinational customers located in Canada, Mexico, Europe and Asia. Total Supply Management™ services and production components are used extensively in a variety of industries, and demand is generally related to the state of the economy and to the overall level of manufacturing activity. Supply Technologies markets and sells its services to over 7,300 customers domestically and internationally. The five largest customers, within which Supply Technologies sells through sole-source contracts to multiple operating divisions or locations, accounted for approximately 35% of the sales of Supply Technologies in 2016 and 34% in 2015. The loss of any two or more of its top five customers could have a material adverse effect on the results of operations and financial condition of this segment. Competition. A limited number of companies compete with Supply Technologies to provide supply management services for production parts and materials. Supply Technologies competes primarily on the basis of 4 its Total Supply Management™ services, including engineering and design support, part usage and cost analysis, supplier selection, quality assurance, bar coding, product packaging and tracking, just-in-time and point-of-use delivery, electronic billing services and ongoing technical support, and its geographic reach, extensive product selection, price and reputation for high service levels. Numerous U.S. and foreign companies compete with Supply Technologies in manufacturing cold-formed and cold-extruded products. Assembly Components Assembly Components manufactures products oriented towards fuel efficiency and reduced emission standards. Assembly Components designs, develops and manufactures aluminum products and highly efficient, high pressure Direct Fuel Injection fuel rails and pipes, fuel filler pipes that route fuel from the gas cap to the gas tank, as well as flexible multi-layer plastic and rubber assemblies used to transport fuel from the vehicle’s gas tank and then, at extreme high pressure, to the engine’s fuel injector nozzles. These advanced products, coupled with Turbo Enabled engines, make up large and growing engine architecture for all worldwide car manufacturers. Assembly Components also designs and manufactures Turbo Charging hoses along with Turbo Coolant hoses that will be required as engines get downsized to 3 and 4 cylinders from 6 or 8 cylinders. This engine downsizing increases efficiency, while dramatically decreasing pollution levels. In addition, our Assembly Components segment operates what we believe is one of the few aluminum component suppliers that have the capability to provide a wide range of high-volume, high-quality products utilizing a broad range of processes including gravity and low pressure permanent mold, die-cast and lost-foam, as well as emerging alternative casting technologies. We also provide machining to our aluminum products customers. Assembly Components operates 25 manufacturing facilities in Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Tennessee, Florida, Mexico, China and the Czech Republic. In addition, we also provide value-added services such as design engineering, machining and part assembly. Markets and Customers. The five largest customers of Assembly Components accounted for approximately 45% of segment sales for 2016 and 49% for 2015. These sales, across multiple operating divisions, are through sole source contracts. The loss of any one of these customers could have a material adverse effect on the results of operations and financial condition of this segment. Competition. Assembly Components competes principally on the basis of its ability to: (1) engineer and manufacture high-quality, cost-effective, assemblies utilizing multiple technologies in large volumes; (2) provide timely delivery; and (3) retain the manufacturing flexibility necessary to quickly adjust to the needs of its customers. There are few domestic companies with capabilities able to meet the customers’ stringent quality and service standards and lean manufacturing techniques. As one of these suppliers, Assembly Components is well- positioned to benefit as customers continue to consolidate their supplier base. Engineered Products Our Engineered Products segment operates a diverse group of niche manufacturing businesses that design and manufacture a broad range of highly-engineered products, including induction heating and melting systems, pipe threading systems and forged and machined products. We manufacture these products in 13 domestic facilities throughout the United States and 22 international facilities in Canada, Mexico, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Germany, China, Italy, India, Japan, Spain and Brazil. Our induction heating and melting business utilizes proprietary technology and specializes in the engineering, construction, service and repair of induction heating and melting systems, primarily for the ferrous and non-ferrous metals, silicon, coatings, forging, foundry, automotive and construction equipment industries. Our induction heating and melting systems are engineered and built to customer specifications and are used primarily for melting, heating, and surface hardening of metals and curing of coatings. Approximately 51% of our induction heating and melting systems’ revenues are derived from the sale of replacement parts and provision 5 of field service, primarily for the installed base of our own products. Our pipe threading business serves the oil and gas industry. We also engineer and install mechanical forging presses, sell spare parts and provide field service for the large existing base of mechanical forging presses and hammers in North America. We machine, induction harden and surface finish crankshafts and camshafts, used primarily in locomotives. We forge aerospace and defense structural components such as landing gears and struts, as well as rail products such as railcar center plates and draft lugs. Markets and Customers. We sell induction heating and other capital equipment to component manufacturers and OEMs in the ferrous and non-ferrous metals, silicon, coatings, forging, foundry, automotive, truck, construction equipment and oil and gas industries. We sell forged and machined products to locomotive manufacturers, machining companies and sub-assemblers who finish aerospace and defense products for OEMs, and railcar builders and maintenance providers. Competition. We compete with small-to medium-sized domestic and international equipment manufacturers on the basis of service capability, ability to meet customer specifications, delivery performance and engineering expertise. We compete domestically and internationally with small-to medium-sized forging and machining businesses on the basis of product quality and precision. Sales and Marketing Supply Technologies markets its products and services in the United States, Mexico, Canada, Western and Eastern Europe and East and South Asia primarily through its direct sales force, which is assisted by applications engineers who provide the technical expertise necessary to assist the engineering staff of OEM customers in designing new products and improving existing products. Assembly Components primarily markets and sells its products in North America through internal sales personnel and independent sales representatives. Engineered Products primarily markets and sells its products in North America through both internal sales personnel and independent sales representatives. Induction heating and pipe threading equipment is also marketed and sold in Europe, Asia, Latin America and Africa through both internal sales personnel and independent sales representatives. In some instances, the internal engineering staff assists in the sales and marketing effort through joint design and applications-engineering efforts with major customers. Raw Materials and Suppliers Supply Technologies purchases substantially all of its production components from third-party suppliers. Supply Technologies has multiple sources of supply for its components. An increasing portion of Supply Technologies’ production components are purchased from suppliers in foreign countries, primarily Canada, Taiwan, China, South Korea, Singapore, India and multiple European countries. Supply Technologies is dependent upon the ability of such suppliers to meet stringent quality and performance standards and to conform to delivery schedules. Assembly Components and Engineered Products purchase substantially all of their raw materials, principally metals and certain component parts incorporated into their products, from third-party suppliers and manufacturers. Most raw materials required by Assembly Components and Engineered Products are commodity products available from several domestic suppliers. Management believes that raw materials and component parts other than certain specialty products are available from alternative sources. Our suppliers of raw materials and component parts may significantly and quickly increase their prices in response to increases in costs of the raw materials, such as steel, that they use to manufacture our raw materials and component parts. While we generally attempt to pass along increased raw material prices to our customers in the form of price increases, there may be a time delay between the increased raw material prices and our ability to increase the price of our products, or we may be unable to increase the prices of our products due to various factors. See the discussion of risks associated with raw material supply and costs in Item 1A “Risk Factors”. 6 Backlog Management believes that backlog is not a meaningful measure for Supply Technologies, as a majority of Supply Technologies’ customers require just-in-time delivery of production components. Management believes that Assembly Components’ backlog is not a meaningful measure, as a significant portion of sales are on a release or firm order basis. The backlog of Engineered Products’ orders believed to be firm as of December 31, 2016 was $137.6 million, including $24.8 million from the acquisition of GH, compared with $147.2 million as of December 31, 2015. Approximately 91% of Engineered Products’ backlog as of December 31, 2016 is scheduled to be shipped in 2017. Environmental, Health and Safety Regulations We are subject to numerous federal, state and local laws and regulations designed to protect public health and the environment, particularly with regard to discharges and emissions, as well as handling, storage, treatment and disposal of various substances and wastes. Failure to comply with applicable environmental laws and regulations and permit requirements could result in civil and criminal fines or penalties or enforcement actions, including regulatory or judicial orders enjoining or curtailing operations or requiring corrective measures. Pursuant to certain environmental laws, owners or operators of facilities may be liable for the costs of response or other corrective actions for contamination identified at or emanating from current or former locations, without regard to whether the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of any such contamination, and for related damages to natural resources. Additionally, persons who arrange for the disposal or treatment of hazardous substances or materials may be liable for costs of response at sites where they are located, whether or not the site is owned or operated by such person. From time to time, we have incurred, and are presently incurring, costs and obligations for correcting environmental noncompliance and remediating environmental conditions at certain of our properties. In general, we have not experienced difficulty in complying with environmental laws in the past, and compliance with environmental laws has not had a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations. Our capital expenditures on environmental control facilities were not material during the past five years and such expenditures are not expected to be material to us in the foreseeable future. We are currently, and may in the future be, required to incur costs relating to the investigation or remediation of property, including property where we have disposed of our waste, and for addressing environmental conditions. For instance, we have been identified as a potentially responsible party at third-party sites under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, as amended, or comparable state laws, which provide for strict and, under certain circumstances, joint and several liability. We are participating in the cost of certain clean-up efforts at several of these sites. The availability of third-party payments or insurance for environmental remediation activities is subject to risks associated with the willingness and ability of the third party to make payments. However, our share of such costs has not been material and, based on available information, we do not expect our exposure at any of these locations to have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, liquidity or financial condition. Information as to Segment Reporting and Geographic Areas The information contained in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere herein relating to (1) net sales, operating income, identifiable assets and other information by segment and (2) net sales and assets by geographic region for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 is included elsewhere herein. Available Information We file Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, Proxy Statements and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The public can 7 obtain copies of these materials by visiting the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, D.C. 20549, by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330, or by accessing the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. In addition, as soon as reasonably practicable after such materials are filed with or furnished to the SEC, we make such materials available on our website free of charge at http://www.pkoh.com. The information on our website is not a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Executive Officers of the Registrant Information with respect to our executive officers as of March 9, 2017, is as follows: Name Age Position Edward F. Crawford . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and Director Matthew V. Crawford . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 President and Chief Operating Officer and Director Patrick W. Fogarty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Robert D. Vilsack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Secretary and General Counsel Mr. E. Crawford has been a director and our Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer since 1992. He has also served as the Chairman of Crawford Group, Inc., a management company for a group of manufacturing companies, since 1964. Mr. M. Crawford has been President and Chief Operating Officer since 2003. Mr. M. Crawford became one of our directors in August 1997 and has served as President of Crawford Group, Inc. since 1995. Mr. E. Crawford is the father of Mr. M. Crawford. Mr. Fogarty has been Vice President and Chief Financial Officer since 2015. Prior to that, Mr. Fogarty was Director of Corporate Development since 1997 and served as Director of Finance from 1995 to 1997. Mr. Vilsack has been Secretary and General Counsel since joining us in 2002. Item 1A. Risk Factors The following are certain risk factors that could affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. These risks are not the only ones we face. If any of the following risks occur, our business, results of operations or financial condition could be adversely affected. The industries in which we operate are cyclical and are affected by the economy in general. We sell products to customers in industries that experience cyclicality (expectancy of recurring periods of economic growth and slowdown) in demand for products and may experience substantial increases and decreases in business volume throughout economic cycles. Industries we serve, including the automotive and vehicle parts, heavy-duty truck, industrial equipment, steel, rail, oil and gas, electrical distribution and controls, aerospace and defense, recreational equipment, HVAC, electrical components, appliance and semiconductor equipment industries, are affected by consumer spending, general economic conditions and the impact of international trade. A downturn in any of the industries we serve could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations. Adverse credit market conditions may significantly affect our access to capital, cost of capital and ability to meet liquidity needs. Disruptions, uncertainty or volatility in the credit markets may adversely impact our ability to access credit already arranged and the availability and cost of credit to us in the future. These market conditions may limit our 8 ability to replace, in a timely manner, maturing liabilities and access the capital necessary to grow and maintain our business. Accordingly, we may be forced to delay raising capital or pay unattractive interest rates, which could increase our interest expense, decrease our profitability and significantly reduce our financial flexibility. Longer-term disruptions in the capital and credit markets as a result of uncertainty, changing or increased regulation, reduced alternatives or failures of significant financial institutions could adversely affect our access to liquidity needed for our business. Any disruption could require us to take measures to conserve cash until the markets stabilize or until alternative credit arrangements or other funding for our business needs can be arranged. Such measures could include deferring capital expenditures and reducing or eliminating future share repurchases or other discretionary uses of cash. Overall, our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows could be materially adversely affected by disruptions in the credit markets. Adverse global economic conditions may have significant effects on our customers and suppliers that could result in material adverse effects on our business and operating results. Significant reductions in available capital and liquidity from banks and other providers of credit, substantial reductions and fluctuations in equity and currency values worldwide, volatility in commodity prices for such items as crude oil, and concerns that the worldwide economy may enter into a prolonged recessionary period, may materially adversely affect our customers’ access to capital or willingness to spend capital on our products or their ability to pay for products that they will order or have already ordered from us. In addition, unfavorable global economic conditions may materially adversely affect our suppliers’ access to capital and liquidity with which they maintain their inventories, production levels and product quality, which could cause them to raise prices or lower production levels. These potential effects of adverse global economic conditions are difficult to forecast and mitigate. As a consequence, our operating results for a particular period are difficult to predict, and, therefore, prior results are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected in future periods. Any of the foregoing effects could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Adverse global economic conditions may have significant effects on our customers that would result in our inability to borrow or to meet our debt service coverage ratio in our revolving credit facility. As of December 31, 2016, we were in compliance with our debt service coverage ratio covenant and other covenants contained in our revolving credit facility. While we expect to remain in compliance throughout 2017, declines in demand in the automotive industry and in sales volumes could adversely impact our ability to remain in compliance with certain of these financial covenants. Additionally, to the extent our customers are adversely affected by a decline in the economy in general, they may not be able to pay their accounts payable to us on a timely basis or at all, which would make the accounts receivable ineligible for purposes of the revolving credit facility and could reduce our borrowing base and our ability to borrow. Because a significant portion of our sales is to the automotive and heavy-duty truck industries, a decrease in the demand of these industries or the loss of any of our major customers in these industries could adversely affect our financial health. Demand for certain of our products is affected by, among other things, the relative strength or weakness of the automotive and heavy-duty truck industries. The domestic automotive and heavy-duty truck industries are highly cyclical and may be adversely affected by international competition. In addition, the automotive and heavy-duty truck industries are significantly unionized and subject to work slowdowns and stoppages resulting from labor disputes. We derived 47% and 7% of our net sales during the year ended December 31, 2016 from the automotive and heavy-duty truck industries, respectively. The loss of a portion of business to any of our major automotive or heavy-duty truck customers could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, cash flow and results of operations. We cannot assure you that 9 we will maintain or improve our relationships in these industries or that we will continue to supply these customers at current levels. Our Supply Technologies customers are generally not contractually obligated to purchase products and services from us. We supply products and services to our Supply Technologies customers under purchase orders as opposed to long-term contracts. When we do enter into long-term contracts with our Supply Technologies customers, many of them only establish pricing terms and do not obligate our customers to buy required minimum amounts from us or to buy from us exclusively. Accordingly, many of our Supply Technologies customers may decrease the amount of products and services that they purchase from us or even stop purchasing from us altogether, either of which could have a material adverse effect on our net sales and profitability. We are dependent on key customers. We rely on several key customers. For the year ended December 31, 2016, our ten largest customers accounted for approximately 33% of our net sales. Many of our customers place orders for products on an as-needed basis and operate in cyclical industries and, as a result, their order levels have varied from period to period in the past and may vary significantly in the future. Due to competitive issues, we have lost key customers in the past and may again in the future. Customer orders are dependent upon their markets and may be subject to delays or cancellations. As a result of dependence on our key customers, we could experience a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations if any of the following were to occur: • • • • the loss of any key customer, in whole or in part; the insolvency or bankruptcy of any key customer; a declining market in which customers reduce orders or demand reduced prices; or a strike or work stoppage at a key customer facility, which could affect both their suppliers and customers. If any of our key customers become insolvent or file for bankruptcy, our ability to recover accounts receivable from that customer would be adversely affected and any payments we received in the preference period prior to a bankruptcy filing may be potentially forfeitable, which could adversely impact our results of operations. We operate in highly competitive industries. The markets in which all three of our segments sell their products are highly competitive. Some of our competitors are large companies that have greater financial resources than we have. We believe that the principal competitive factors for our Supply Technologies segment are an approach reflecting long-term business partnership and reliability, sourced product quality and conformity to customer specifications, timeliness of delivery, price and design and engineering capabilities. We believe that the principal competitive factors for our Assembly Components and Engineered Products segments are product quality and conformity to customer specifications, design and engineering capabilities, product development, timeliness of delivery and price. The rapidly evolving nature of the markets in which we compete may attract new entrants as they perceive opportunities, and our competitors may foresee the course of market development more accurately than we do. In addition, our competitors may develop products that are superior to our products or may adapt more quickly than we do to new technologies or evolving customer requirements. We expect competitive pressures in our markets to remain strong. These pressures arise from existing competitors, other companies that may enter our existing or future markets and, in some cases, our customers, which may decide to internally produce items we sell. We cannot assure you that we will be able to compete successfully with our competitors. Failure to compete successfully could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations. 10 The loss of key executives could adversely impact us. Our success depends upon the efforts, abilities and expertise of our executive officers and other senior managers, including Edward Crawford, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, and Matthew Crawford, our President and Chief Operating Officer, as well as the president of each of our operating units. An event of default occurs under our revolving credit facility if Messrs. E. Crawford and M. Crawford or certain of their related parties own in the aggregate less than 15% of Holdings’ outstanding common stock and, if at such time, neither Mr. E. Crawford nor Mr. M. Crawford holds the office of chairman, chief executive officer or president. The loss of the services of Messrs. E. Crawford and M. Crawford, senior and executive officers, and/or other key individuals could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations. We may encounter difficulty in expanding our business through targeted acquisitions. We have pursued, and may continue to pursue, targeted acquisition opportunities that we believe would complement our business. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in consummating any acquisitions. Any targeted acquisitions will be accompanied by the risks commonly encountered in acquisitions of businesses. We may not successfully overcome these risks or any other problems encountered in connection with any of our acquisitions, including the possible inability to integrate an acquired business’ operations, information technology, services and products into our business; diversion of management’s attention; the assumption of unknown liabilities; increases in our indebtedness; the failure to achieve the strategic objectives of those acquisitions; and other unanticipated problems, some or all of which could materially and adversely affect us. The process of integrating operations could cause an interruption of, or loss of momentum in, our activities. Any delays or difficulties encountered in connection with any acquisition and the integration of our operations could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition or prospects of our business. Our Supply Technologies business depends upon third parties for substantially all of our component parts. Our Supply Technologies business purchases substantially all of its component parts from third-party suppliers and manufacturers. As such, it is subject to the risk of price fluctuations and periodic delays in the delivery of component parts. Failure by suppliers to continue to supply us with these component parts on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, could have a material adverse effect on us. We depend upon the ability of these suppliers, among other things, to meet stringent performance and quality specifications and to conform to delivery schedules. Failure by third-party suppliers to comply with these and other requirements could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations. The raw materials used in our production processes and by our suppliers of component parts are subject to price and supply fluctuations that could increase our costs of production and adversely affect our results of operations. Our supply of raw materials for our Assembly Components and Engineered Products businesses could be interrupted for a variety of reasons, including availability and pricing. Prices for raw materials necessary for production have fluctuated significantly in the past and significant increases could adversely affect our results of operations and profit margins. While we generally attempt to pass along increased raw materials prices to our customers in the form of price increases, there may be a time delay between the increased raw materials prices and our ability to increase the price of our products, or we may be unable to increase the prices of our products due to various factors. Our suppliers of component parts, particularly in our Supply Technologies business, may significantly and quickly increase their prices in response to increases in costs of the raw materials, such as steel, that they use to manufacture our component parts. We may not be able to increase our prices commensurate with our increased costs. Consequently, our results of operations and financial condition may be materially adversely affected. 11 The energy costs involved in our production processes and transportation are subject to fluctuations that are beyond our control and could significantly increase our costs of production. Our manufacturing process and the transportation of raw materials, components and finished goods are energy intensive. Our manufacturing processes are dependent on adequate supplies of electricity and natural gas. A substantial increase in the cost of transportation fuel, natural gas or electricity could have a material adverse effect on our margins. We may experience higher than anticipated gas costs in the future, which could adversely affect our results of operations. In addition, a disruption or curtailment in supply could have a material adverse effect on our production and sales levels. Potential product liability risks exist from the products that we sell. Our businesses expose us to potential product liability risks that are inherent in the design, manufacture and sale of our products and products of third-party vendors that we use or resell. While we currently maintain what we believe to be suitable and adequate product liability insurance, we cannot assure you that we will be able to maintain our insurance on acceptable terms or that our insurance will provide adequate protection against potential liabilities. In the event of a claim against us, a lack of sufficient insurance coverage could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations. Moreover, even if we maintain adequate insurance, any successful claim could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations. Some of our employees belong to labor unions, and strikes or work stoppages could adversely affect our operations. As of December 31, 2016, we were a party to seven collective bargaining agreements with various labor unions that covered approximately 600 full-time employees. Our inability to negotiate acceptable contracts with these unions could result in, among other things, strikes, work stoppages or other slowdowns by the affected workers and increased operating costs as a result of higher wages or benefits paid to union members. If the unionized workers were to engage in a strike, work stoppage or other slowdown, or other employees were to become unionized, we could experience a significant disruption of our operations and higher ongoing labor costs, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We operate and source internationally, which exposes us to the risks of doing business abroad. Our operations are subject to the risks of doing business abroad, including the following: • • • • • fluctuations in currency exchange rates; limitations on ownership and on repatriation of earnings; transportation delays and interruptions; political, social and economic instability and disruptions; potential disruption that could be caused by the partial or complete reconfiguration of the European Union; government embargoes or foreign trade restrictions; the imposition of duties and tariffs and other trade barriers; import and export controls; labor unrest and current and changing regulatory environments; the potential for nationalization of enterprises; disadvantages of competing against companies from countries that are not subject to U.S. laws and regulations, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”); difficulties in staffing and managing multinational operations; limitations on our ability to enforce legal rights and remedies; and potentially adverse tax consequences. • • • • • • • • • We are also exposed to risks relating to U.S. policy with respect to companies doing business in foreign jurisdictions, particularly in light of the new U.S. presidential administration. Legislation or other changes in the 12 U.S. tax laws could increase our U.S. income tax liability and adversely affect our after-tax profitability. For example, U.S. lawmakers are considering several U.S. corporate tax reform proposals, including, among others, proposals which could reduce or eliminate U.S. income tax deferrals on unrepatriated foreign earnings and eliminate tax incentives in exchange for a lower U.S. statutory tax rate. In addition, the new U.S. presidential administration has introduced greater uncertainty with respect to future tax, trade regulations and trade agreements. Changes in tax policy, trade regulations or trade agreements, such as the disallowance of tax deductions on imported merchandise or the imposition of new tariffs on imported products, could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. In addition, we could be adversely affected by violations of the FCPA and similar worldwide anti-bribery laws. The FCPA and similar anti-bribery laws in other jurisdictions generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to non-U.S. officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. Our policies mandate compliance with these anti-bribery laws. We operate in many parts of the world that have experienced governmental corruption to some degree and, in certain circumstances, strict compliance with anti-bribery laws may conflict with local customs and practices. We cannot assure you that our internal controls and procedures always will protect us from the reckless or criminal acts committed by our employees or agents. For example, in connection with responding to a subpoena from the staff of the SEC, regarding a third party, we disclosed to the staff that the third party participated in a payment on our behalf to a foreign tax official that implicates the FCPA. If we are found to be liable for FCPA violations (either due to our own acts or our inadvertence or due to the acts or inadvertence of others), we could suffer from criminal or civil penalties or other sanctions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business. Any of the events enumerated above could have an adverse effect on our operations in the future by reducing the demand for our products and services, decreasing the prices at which we can sell our products or otherwise having an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. We cannot assure you that we will continue to operate in compliance with applicable customs, currency exchange control regulations, transfer pricing regulations or any other laws or regulations to which we may be subject. We also cannot assure you that these laws will not be modified. We are subject to significant environmental, health and safety laws and regulations and related compliance expenditures and liabilities. Our businesses are subject to many foreign, federal, state and local environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, particularly with respect to the use, handling, treatment, storage, discharge and disposal of substances and hazardous wastes used or generated in our manufacturing processes. Compliance with these laws and regulations is a significant factor in our business. We have incurred and expect to continue to incur significant expenditures to comply with applicable environmental laws and regulations. Our failure to comply with applicable environmental laws and regulations and permit requirements could result in civil or criminal fines or penalties or enforcement actions, including regulatory or judicial orders enjoining or curtailing operations or requiring corrective measures, installation of pollution control equipment or remedial actions. We are currently, and may in the future be, required to incur costs relating to the investigation or remediation of property, including property where we have disposed of our waste, and for addressing environmental conditions. Some environmental laws and regulations impose liability and responsibility on present and former owners, operators or users of facilities and sites for contamination at such facilities and sites without regard to causation or knowledge of contamination. In addition, we occasionally evaluate various alternatives with respect to our facilities, including possible dispositions or closures. Investigations undertaken in connection with these activities may lead to discoveries of contamination that must be remediated, and closures of facilities may trigger compliance requirements that are not applicable to operating facilities. Consequently, we cannot assure you that existing or future circumstances, the development of new facts or the failure of third parties to address contamination at current or former facilities or properties will not require significant expenditures by us. 13 We expect to continue to be subject to increasingly stringent environmental and health and safety laws and regulations. It is difficult to predict the future interpretation and development of environmental and health and safety laws and regulations or their impact on our future earnings and operations. We anticipate that compliance will continue to require increased capital expenditures and operating costs. Any increase in these costs, or unanticipated liabilities arising from, among other things, discovery of previously unknown conditions or more aggressive enforcement actions, could adversely affect our results of operations, and there is no assurance that they will not exceed our reserves or have a material adverse effect on our financial condition. If our information systems fail, our business could be materially affected. We believe that our information systems are an integral part of the Supply Technologies segment and, to a lesser extent, the Assembly Components and Engineered Products segments. We depend on our information systems to process orders, manage inventory and accounts receivable collections, purchase products, maintain cost-effective operations, route and re-route orders, maintain confidential and proprietary information and provide superior service to our customers. These systems are subject to failure due to design flaws, improper use, cyber intrusions and other electronic service breaches. We cannot assure you that a failure of or a disruption in the operation of our information systems used by Supply Technologies, including the failure of the supply chain management software to function properly, or those used by Assembly Components and Engineered Products, will not occur. Any such failure or disruption could damage our relation with our customer in our industries or otherwise have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations. Operating problems in our business may materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. We are subject to the usual hazards associated with manufacturing and the related storage and transportation of raw materials, products and waste, including explosions, fires, leaks, discharges, inclement weather, natural disasters, mechanical failure, unscheduled downtime and transportation interruption or calamities. The occurrence of material operating problems at our facilities may have a material adverse effect on our operations as a whole, both during and after the period of operational difficulties. We have a significant amount of goodwill, and any future goodwill impairment charges could adversely impact our results of operations. As of December 31, 2016, we had goodwill of $86.6 million. The future occurrence of a potential indicator of impairment, such as a significant adverse change in legal factors or business climate, unanticipated competition, a material negative change in relationships with significant customers, strategic decisions made in response to economic or competitive conditions, loss of key personnel or a more-likely-than-not expectation that a reporting unit or a significant portion of a reporting unit will be sold or disposed of, could result in goodwill impairment charges, which could adversely impact our results of operations. We have recorded goodwill impairment charges in the past, and such charges materially impacted our historical results of operations. For additional information, see Note 4, Goodwill, to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere herein. Our Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer and our President and Chief Operating Officer collectively beneficially own a significant portion of Holdings’ outstanding common stock and their interests may conflict with yours. As of December 31, 2016, Edward Crawford, our Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, and Matthew Crawford, our President and Chief Operating Officer, collectively beneficially owned approximately 28% of Holdings’ common stock. Mr. E. Crawford is Mr. M. Crawford’s father. Their interests could conflict with your interests. For example, if we encounter financial difficulties or are unable to pay our debts as they mature, the interests of Messrs. E. Crawford and M. Crawford may conflict with your interests. 14 Our business and operating results may be adversely affected by natural disasters or other catastrophic events beyond our control. While we have taken precautions to prevent production and service interruptions at our global facilities, severe weather conditions such as hurricanes or tornadoes, as well as major earthquakes and other natural disasters, in areas in which we have manufacturing facilities or from which we obtain products may cause physical damage to our properties, closure of one or more of our business facilities, lack of adequate work force in a market, temporary disruption in the supply of inventory, disruption in the transport of products and utilities, or delays in the delivery of products to our customers. Any of these factors may disrupt our operations and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. The insurance that we maintain may not fully cover all potential expenses. We maintain property, business interruption and casualty insurance, but such insurance may not cover all risks associated with the hazards of our business and is subject to limitation, including deductible and maximum liabilities covered. We are potentially at risk if one or more of our insurance carriers fail. Additionally, severe disruptions in the domestic and global financial markets could adversely impact the ratings and survival of some insurers. In the future, we may not be able to obtain coverage at current levels, and our premiums may increase significantly on coverage that we maintain. 15 Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments None. Item 2. Properties As of December 31, 2016, our operations included numerous manufacturing and supply chain logistics services facilities located in 25 states in the United States and in Puerto Rico, as well as in Asia, Canada, Europe, Mexico and Brazil. We lease our world headquarters located in Cleveland, Ohio, which includes the world headquarters for certain of our businesses. We believe our manufacturing, logistics and corporate office facilities are well-maintained and are suitable and adequate, and have sufficient productive capacity to meet our current needs. 16 The following table provides information relative to our principal facilities as of December 31, 2016. Related Industry Segment Location Owned or Leased Approximate Square Footage Use SUPPLY Brampton, Ontario, Canada TECHNOLOGIES (1) Lawrence, PA ASSEMBLY COMPONENTS ENGINEERED PRODUCTS (6) Minneapolis, MN Cleveland, OH (2) Dayton, OH Carol Stream, IL Memphis, TN Solon, OH Streetsboro, OH Allentown, PA Suwanee, GA Dublin, VA Tulsa, OK Ocala, FL Conneaut, OH (4) Lexington, TN Lobelville, TN (5) Rootstown, OH Cleveland, OH (3) Wapakoneta, OH Angola, IN Huntington, IN Fremont, IN Big Rapids, MI Delaware, OH Cicero, IL Cuyahoga Heights, OH Pune, India Newport, AR Warren, OH Leini, Italy Madison Heights, MI Canton, OH La Roeulx, Belgium Brookfield, WI Wickliffe, OH Valencia, Spain Albertville, AL Chennai, India Leini, Italy Leini, Italy Cortland, OH Leased Leased Leased Leased Leased Leased Leased Leased Leased Leased Leased Leased Leased Owned Leased/Owned Owned Owned Owned Leased/Owned Owned Owned Leased Owned Owned Owned Owned Owned Owned Owned Owned Owned Leased Leased Owned Leased Owned Owned Leased Owned Leased Leased Owned 145,000 Manufacturing 116,000 Logistics and Manufacturing 87,100 Logistics 60,450 Supply Technologies Corporate Office 56,000 Logistics 51,000 Logistics 48,750 Logistics 47,100 Logistics 45,000 Manufacturing 43,800 Logistics 42,500 Logistics 40,000 Logistics 40,000 Logistics 433,000 Manufacturing 283,800 Manufacturing 240,000 Manufacturing 208,700 Manufacturing 208,000 Manufacturing 190,000 Manufacturing 188,000 Manufacturing 135,000 Manufacturing 124,500 Manufacturing 112,000 Manufacturing 97,000 Manufacturing 45,000 Manufacturing 450,000 Manufacturing 427,000 Manufacturing 275,000 Manufacturing 200,000 Manufacturing 195,000 Manufacturing 161,500 Manufacturing 128,000 Manufacturing 124,000 Manufacturing 120,000 Manufacturing 116,000 Manufacturing 110,000 Manufacturing 81,000 Manufacturing 56,000 Office 54,000 Manufacturing 53,800 Manufacturing 37,700 Manufacturing 30,000 Office and Manufacturing (1) Supply Technologies has other facilities, none of which is deemed to be a principal facility. (2) (3) (4) Includes 20,150 square feet used by Holdings’ corporate office. Includes one leased property with 150,000 square feet and one owned property with 40,000 square feet. Includes three leased properties with square footage of 91,800, 64,000 and 45,700, respectively, and one owned property with 82,300 square feet. Includes five facilities, which make up the total square footage of 208,700. (5) (6) Engineered Products has other owned and leased facilities, none of which is deemed to be a principal facility. 17 Item 3. Legal Proceedings We are subject to various pending and threatened lawsuits in which claims for monetary damages are asserted in the ordinary course of business. While any litigation involves an element of uncertainty, in the opinion of management, liabilities, if any, arising from currently pending or threatened litigation are not expected to have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity or results of operations. In addition to the routine lawsuits and asserted claims noted above, we were a party to the lawsuits and legal proceedings described below as of December 31, 2016: We were a co-defendant in approximately 103 cases asserting claims on behalf of approximately 199 plaintiffs alleging personal injury as a result of exposure to asbestos. These asbestos cases generally relate to production and sale of asbestos-containing products and allege various theories of liability, including negligence, gross negligence and strict liability, and seek compensatory and, in some cases, punitive damages. In every asbestos case in which we are named as a party, the complaints are filed against multiple named defendants. In substantially all of the asbestos cases, the plaintiffs either claim damages in excess of a specified amount, typically a minimum amount sufficient to establish jurisdiction of the court in which the case was filed (jurisdictional minimums generally range from $25,000 to $75,000), or do not specify the monetary damages sought. To the extent that any specific amount of damages is sought, the amount applies to claims against all named defendants. There are six asbestos cases, involving 24 plaintiffs, that plead specified damages against named defendants. In each of the six cases, the plaintiff is seeking compensatory and punitive damages based on a variety of potentially alternative causes of action. In three cases, the plaintiff has alleged compensatory and punitive damages in the amount of $3.0 million and $10.0 million, respectively, for four separate causes of action, $1.0 million for a fifth cause of action and $3 million for a sixth cause of action. In the fourth and fifth cases, the plaintiff has alleged compensatory and punitive damages, each in the amount of $20.0 million, for three and six separate causes of action, respectively and $5.0 million compensatory for the fifth and seventh cause of actions, respectively. In the sixth case, the plaintiff has alleged compensatory and punitive damages, each in the amount of $10.0 million for five counts, and $5.0 million for a sixth cause of action. Historically, we have been dismissed from asbestos cases on the basis that the plaintiff incorrectly sued one of our subsidiaries or because the plaintiff failed to identify any asbestos-containing product manufactured or sold by us or our subsidiaries. We intend to vigorously defend these asbestos cases, and believe we will continue to be successful in being dismissed from such cases. However, it is not possible to predict the ultimate outcome of asbestos-related lawsuits, claims and proceedings due to the unpredictable nature of personal injury litigation. Despite this uncertainty, and although our results of operations and cash flows for a particular period could be adversely affected by asbestos- related lawsuits, claims and proceedings, management believes that the ultimate resolution of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity or results of operations. Among the factors management considered in reaching this conclusion were: (a) our historical success in being dismissed from these types of lawsuits on the bases mentioned above; (b) many cases have been improperly filed against one of our subsidiaries; (c) in many cases the plaintiffs have been unable to establish any causal relationship to us or our products or premises; (d) in many cases, the plaintiffs have been unable to demonstrate that they have suffered any identifiable injury or compensable loss at all or that any injuries that they have incurred did in fact result from alleged exposure to asbestos; and (e) the complaints assert claims against multiple defendants and, in most cases, the damages alleged are not attributed to individual defendants. Additionally, we do not believe that the amounts claimed in any of the asbestos cases are meaningful indicators of our potential exposure because the amounts claimed typically bear no relation to the extent of the plaintiff’s injury, if any. Our cost of defending these lawsuits has not been material to date and, based upon available information, our management does not expect its future costs for asbestos-related lawsuits to have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, liquidity or financial position. 18 IPSCO Tubulars Inc. d/b/a TMK IPSCO sued Ajax Tocco Magnethermic Corporation (“ATM”), a subsidiary of Park-Ohio Holdings Corporation, in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas claiming that equipment supplied by ATM for heat treating certain steel pipe at IPSCO’s Blytheville, Arkansas facility did not perform as required by the contract. The complaint alleged causes of action for breach of contract, gross negligence and constructive fraud. IPSCO sought approximately $10 million in damages plus an unspecified amount of punitive damages. ATM denied the allegations. ATM subsequently obtained summary judgment on the constructive fraud claim, which was dismissed by the district court prior to trial. The remaining claims were the subject of a bench trial that occurred in May 2013. After IPSCO presented its case, the district court entered partial judgment in favor of ATM, dismissing the gross negligence claim, a portion of the breach of contract claim, and any claim for punitive damages. The trial proceeded with respect to the remainder of IPSCO’s claim for breach of contract. In September 2013, the district court issued a judgment in favor of IPSCO in the amount of $5.2 million, which the Company recognized and accrued for at that time. IPSCO subsequently filed a motion seeking to recover $3.8 million in attorneys’ fees and costs. The district court reserved ruling on that issue pending an appeal. In October 2013, ATM filed an appeal with the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit seeking reversal of the judgment in favor of IPSCO. In November 2013, IPSCO filed a cross- appeal seeking reversal of the dismissal of its claim for gross negligence and punitive damages. The Eighth Circuit issued an opinion in March 2015 affirming in part, reversing in part, and remanding the case. It affirmed the district court’s determination that ATM was liable for breach of contract. It also affirmed the district court’s dismissal of IPSCO’s claim for gross negligence and punitive damages. However, the Eighth Circuit reversed nearly all of the damages awarded by the district court and remanded for further findings on the issue of damages, including whether consequential damages are barred under the express language of the contract. Because IPSCO did not appeal the award of $5.2 million in its favor, those damages could be decreased, but could not be increased, on remand. On remand, the district court entered an order once again awarding IPSCO $5.2 million in damages. In December 2015, ATM filed a second appeal with the Eighth Circuit seeking reversal of the damages award. That appeal is pending. In March 2016, the district court issued an order granting, in part, IPSCO’s motion for fees and costs and awarding $2.2 million to IPSCO, which the Company accrued for as of December 31, 2015. ATM filed a third appeal of that decision. As of December 31, 2016, the Company had $7.4 million accrued for this matter. In August 2013, we received a subpoena from the staff of the SEC in connection with the staff’s investigation of a third party. At that time, we also learned that the Department of Justice (“DOJ”) is conducting a criminal investigation of the third party. In connection with its initial response to the staff’s subpoena, we disclosed to the staff of the SEC that, in November 2007, the third party participated in a payment on behalf of us to a foreign tax official that implicates the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. The Board of Directors formed a special committee to review our transactions with the third party and to make any recommendations to the Board of Directors with respect thereto. The Company intends to cooperate fully with the SEC and the DOJ in connection with their investigations of the third party and with the SEC in light of the Company’s disclosure. The Company is unable to predict the outcome or impact of the special committee’s investigation or the length, scope or results of the SEC’s review or the impact on its results of operations. Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures Not applicable. 19 Part II Item 5. Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Our common stock, par value $1.00 per share, trades on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “PKOH”. The table below presents the intra-day high and low sales prices of the common stock during the periods presented. The Company declared and paid a quarterly cash dividend of $0.125 per share commencing in the second quarter of 2014 and has continued with quarterly dividends of $0.125 per share through the first quarter of 2017. Prior to the second quarter of 2014, no dividends were declared or paid during the prior quarterly periods in the last four years. Additionally, the terms of the credit agreement governing our revolving credit facility and the indenture governing the 8.125% senior notes due 2021 provide some restrictions on the amounts of dividends. Quarterly Common Stock Price Ranges Quarter 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 2016 2015 High Low High Low $ $ $ $ 43.47 42.94 38.79 44.65 $ $ $ $ 23.55 23.21 27.37 30.01 $ $ $ $ 62.98 55.31 51.50 44.79 $ $ $ $ 46.86 44.12 28.11 28.11 The number of shareholders of record of our common stock as of February 28, 2017 was 388. Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Set forth below is information regarding repurchases of our common stock during the fourth quarter of the year ended December 31, 2016. Period October 1 — October 31, 2016 November 1 — November 30, 2016 December 1 — December 31, 2016 Total Total Number of Shares Purchased Average Price Paid Per Share Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans (1) Maximum Number of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Program (1) $ — 309 4,688 4,997 (2) $ — 38.45 42.90 42.62 — — — — 724,120 724,120 724,120 724,120 (1) On March 4, 2013, we announced a share repurchase program whereby we may repurchase up to 1.0 million shares of our outstanding common stock. (2) Consists of an aggregate total of 4,997 shares of common stock we acquired from recipients of restricted stock awards at the time of vesting of such awards in order to settle recipient minimum withholding tax liabilities. 20 Item 6. Selected Financial Data Income Statement Data: Net sales Operating income Net income from continuing operations attributable to ParkOhio shareholders Earnings per common share attributable to ParkOhio shareholders: Basic Diluted Cash dividend per common share Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 (In millions, except per share data) $ 1,276.9 69.2 $ 1,463.8 97.9 $ 1,378.7 97.9 $ 1,203.2 85.6 $ 1,128.2 80.5 32.2 48.7 46.9 40.9 34.2 $ $ $ 2.62 2.58 0.50 $ $ $ 3.94 3.88 0.50 $ $ $ $ $ 3.77 3.68 0.375 $ $ 3.40 3.31 — 2.87 2.82 — Results for 2016 include an asset impairment charge of $4.0 million. Results for 2015, 2013 and 2012 include litigation judgment costs of $2.2 million, $5.2 million and $13.0 million, respectively. Other Financial Data: Net cash flows provided by operating activities Capital expenditures, net Selected Balance Sheet Data (as of period end) (1): Cash and cash equivalents Total assets (2) Long-term debt (2) Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 (In millions) $ 72.9 (28.5) $ 44.7 (36.5) $ $ 53.6 (25.8) $ 60.3 (30.1) 55.9 (29.6) 64.3 974.3 439.0 62.0 942.1 445.8 58.0 969.1 429.3 55.2 813.0 373.5 44.4 719.6 367.2 (1) Adjusted to reflect discontinued operations. (2) All prior periods have been retroactively adjusted as a result of an accounting standard change related to balance sheet presentation of deferred financing fees. See Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere herein. 21 Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW General We are a diversified international company providing world-class customers with a supply chain management outsourcing service, capital equipment used on their production lines, and manufactured components used to assemble their products. We operate through three reportable segments: Supply Technologies, Assembly Components and Engineered Products. Refer to Part 1, Item 1. Business for descriptions of our business segments. Recent Development In December 2016, we acquired GH Electrotermia S.A. (“GH”), headquartered in Valencia, Spain, for $23.4 million in cash (net of $6.3 million cash acquired), plus the assumption of $13.9 million in debt. GH, which had 2016 revenues of approximately $55 million, is a global leader in the design, manufacturing and testing of induction heating equipment and heat treat solutions. GH, which operates through its locations in Spain, India, Germany, China and the United States, strengthens our position as the global leader of induction products and adds key technologies to our already diverse portfolio of induction hardening capabilities. Subsequent Event On January 31, 2017, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.125 per common share. The dividend was paid on March 1, 2017, to shareholders of record as of the close of business on February 15, 2017, and resulted in a cash outlay of approximately $1.6 million. 22 RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 2016 Compared with 2015 and 2015 Compared with 2014 2016 2015 2014 $ Change % Change $ Change % Change 2016 vs. 2015 2015 vs. 2014 $1,276.9 1,073.9 $ 1,463.8 1,228.6 (Dollars in millions, except per share data) $ (186.9) (154.7) $1,378.7 1,144.2 (13)% $ 85.1 84.4 (13)% 203.0 235.2 234.5 (32.2) (14)% 0.7 15.9% 16.1% 17.0% 6% 7% —% 129.8 135.1 136.6 (5.3) (4)% (1.5) (1)% 10.2% 4.0 — 69.2 28.2 41.0 8.8 32.2 9.2% — 2.2 97.9 27.9 70.0 21.3 48.7 9.9% — — 97.9 26.1 71.8 24.9 46.9 4.0 (2.2) (28.7) 0.3 (29.0) (12.5) (16.5) * * (29)% 1% (41)% (59)% (34)% (0.5) (0.6) (1.3) 0.1 * — 2.2 — 1.8 (1.8) (3.6) 1.8 0.7 * * —% 7% (3)% (14)% 4% * $ 31.7 $ 48.1 $ 45.6 $ (16.4) (34)% $ 2.5 5% $ $ 2.62 2.58 $ $ 3.94 3.88 $ $ 3.77 $ (1.32) (34)% $ 0.17 3.68 $ (1.30) (34)% $ 0.20 5% 5% Net sales Cost of sales Gross profit Gross profit as a percentage of net sales Selling, general and administrative expenses (“SG&A”) SG&A as a percentage of net sales Asset impairment charge Litigation judgment costs Operating income Interest expense Income before income taxes Income tax expense Net income Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest Net income attributable to ParkOhio common shareholders: Earnings per common share attributable to ParkOhio common shareholders: Basic Diluted * Calculation not meaningful 2016 Compared with 2015 Net Sales Net sales decreased 13% to $1,276.9 million in 2016 compared to $1,463.8 million in 2015. The decrease in net sales is mainly due to lower end-market demand for our products in each of our segments, primarily in our aluminum products, heavy-duty truck and power sport end markets. The factors explaining the changes in segment revenues for 2016 compared to the prior year are contained within the “Segment Results” section below. 23 Cost of Sales & Gross Profit Cost of sales decreased 13% to $1,073.9 million in 2016 compared to $1,228.6 million in 2015. The decrease in cost of sales was primarily due to the decrease in net sales of 13%. Our gross margin percentage was 15.9% in 2016 compared to 16.1% in 2015. This 20 basis point decline was largely due to lower fixed cost absorption in certain of our manufacturing locations affected by lower customer demand, partially offset by the favorable impact of manufacturing efficiencies and cost reduction actions taken in response to lower sales levels. SG&A Expenses SG&A expenses decreased to $129.8 million in 2016 from $135.1 million in 2015, driven by the favorable impact of cost reduction actions and lower selling expenses as a result of lower sales volumes. SG&A expenses as a percent of sales increased to 10.2% in 2016 compared to 9.2% in 2015, due primarily to the lower revenue base in 2016 compared to the prior year. Asset Impairment Charge An asset impairment charge of $4.0 million was recorded in the first quarter of 2016 due to the accelerated end of production in certain programs with an automotive customer. Litigation Judgment Costs In 2015, the Company accrued $2.2 million in response to a district court’s award in connection with ongoing litigation. See Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere herein for further discussion. Interest Expense Interest expense Average outstanding borrowings Average borrowing rate $ $ Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 (Dollars in millions) 28.2 462.1 6.10% $ $ 27.9 461.7 6.04% Interest expense was approximately $28 million in 2016 and 2015. During 2016, we reduced outstanding indebtedness by $33.4 million, using cash flow from operating activities, before borrowing $26.4 million to fund the GH acquisition. The average borrowing rate increased slightly from the prior year due to rising interest rates. See Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere herein for further discussion. Income Tax Expense The provision for income taxes was $8.8 million in 2016 (an effective rate of 21.5%) and $21.3 million in 2015 (an effective rate of 30.4%). The amount in 2016 includes reversal of various income tax accruals of approximately $4.0 million relating to previous uncertain tax positions for which the statutes of limitations expired. The effective rates in both years are lower than the U.S. statutory rate of 35% due primarily to earnings in jurisdictions in which the income tax rates are lower than the U.S. statutory income tax rate. Net Income Net income decreased in 2016 compared to 2015, due to the reasons described above. 24 Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest As a result of the sale of a 25% equity interest in one of our forging businesses in 2013, we recognize net income attributable to noncontrolling interest as a deduction from consolidated net income to derive net income attributable to ParkOhio common shareholders. Such noncontrolling interest was immaterial in both periods. Net Income Attributable to ParkOhio Common Shareholders Net income attributable to ParkOhio common shareholders decreased to $31.7 million in 2016 compared to $48.1 million in 2015, due to the reasons described above. 2015 Compared with 2014 Net Sales Net sales increased $85.1 million, or 6%, to $1,463.8 million in 2015, compared to $1,378.7 million in 2014. The increase in net sales is mainly due to the incremental sales from acquisitions of $97.4 million and organic volume increase from our Supply Technologies and Assembly Component segments partially offset by reduced sales in our Engineered Products segment. The factors explaining the changes in segment revenues for 2015 compared to the prior year are contained within the “Segment Analysis” section. Cost of Sales & Gross Profit Cost of sales increased $84.4 million, or 7%, to $1,228.6 million in 2015, compared to $1,144.2 million in 2014. The increase in cost of sales was primarily due to the increase in net sales volumes, which increased 6%. The gross profit margin percentage was 16.1% in 2015 compared to 17.0% in 2014. This 90 basis point decline in gross margin percentage is largely due to a decrease in higher margin new equipment and aftermarket sales volume to the oil and gas, steel and military and commercial aerospace end markets in our Engineered Products segment. SG&A Expenses Consolidated SG&A expenses decreased 1% in 2015 compared to 2014. SG&A expenses as a percent of sales decreased by 70 basis points to 9.2%. SG&A expenses decreased in 2015 compared to 2014, primarily due to a reduction in professional fees. Litigation Judgment Costs In 2015, the Company accrued $2.2 million in response to a district court’s award in connection with ongoing litigation. See Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere herein for further discussion. Interest Expense Interest expense Average outstanding borrowings Average borrowing rate $ $ 25 Year Ended December 31, 2015 2014 (Dollars in millions) 27.9 461.6 6.04% $ $ 26.1 397.1 6.57% Interest expense increased $1.8 million in 2015 compared to 2014 as average borrowings in 2015 were higher when compared to 2014 due to additional borrowings to fund acquisitions that occurred in the fourth quarter of 2014, capital expenditures and working capital. Income Tax Expense The provision for income taxes was $21.3 million in 2015, which was a 30.4% effective income tax rate, compared to income taxes of $24.9 million provided in 2014, a 34.7% effective income tax rate. The decrease in the effective tax rate in 2015 is primarily due to the reversal of a valuation allowance against certain foreign net deferred tax assets and an increase in earnings in jurisdictions in which the income tax rates are lower than the U.S. statutory income tax rate. Net Income Net income increased $1.8 million to $48.7 million in 2015, compared to $46.9 million in 2014, due to the reasons described above. Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest As a result of the sale of the 25% equity interest in a small forging business in 2013, the income of $0.6 million attributable to the noncontrolling interest is deducted from the net income to derive net income attributable to ParkOhio common shareholders. Net Income Attributable to ParkOhio Common Shareholders Net income attributable to ParkOhio common shareholders increased $2.5 million to $48.1 million in 2015, compared to $45.6 million in 2014, due to the reasons described above. SEGMENT RESULTS For purposes of measuring business segment performance, the Company utilizes segment operating income, which is defined as revenues less expenses identifiable to the product lines within each segment. The Company does not allocate items that are non-operating or unusual in nature or are corporate costs, which include but are not limited to executive compensation and corporate office costs. Segment operating income reconciles to consolidated income before income taxes by deducting corporate costs, certain non-cash charges and interest expense. Supply Technologies Segment Net sales Segment operating income Segment operating income margin 2016 Compared to 2015 $ $ Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 (Dollars in millions) $ 578.7 50.3 $ 8.7% $ $ 502.1 40.0 8.0% 559.6 42.5 7.6% Net Sales: Net sales were down 13% in 2016 compared to 2015 due primarily to lower customer demand in the Company’s heavy-duty truck and related market, which was down 33%; the Company’s power sports and recreational equipment market, which was down 20%; and the Company’s bus and coach market, which was down 33%. These declines were partially offset by an increase in sales in the Company’s aerospace market, which was up 72% compared to 2015. 26 Segment Operating Income: Segment operating income decreased by $10.3 million, and segment operating income margin declined by 70 basis points, due primarily to the volume reductions noted above. This negative impact was partially offset by the benefits of our 2016 cost reduction actions. 2015 Compared to 2014 Net Sales: The majority of our growth in 2015 was organic growth in our diversified markets. This growth was driven by strong demand in the Company’s heavy-duty truck market, which was up 12%; the Company’s power sports and recreational equipment market, which increased 12%; and the Company’s semiconductor market, which was up 21%. Approximately 28% of the sales increase in the year ended December 31, 2015, compared to 2014, is directly attributable to the acquisition of Apollo Aerospace (“Apollo”). In addition, our fastener manufacturing division generated an increase of sales of 20% in 2015 primarily from the automotive market. Segment Operating Income: With increases in net sales, segment operating income increased $7.8 million, or 18%, to $50.3 million. Segment operating income margin was 8.7%, which was a 110 basis point increase compared to the operating margin of 7.6% in 2014. These improvements were driven largely by improved operating leverage in several facilities, the full integration of the Apollo acquisition and continued focus on more highly engineered products in the portfolio. Assembly Components Segment Net sales Segment operating income Segment operating income margin 2016 Compared to 2015 $ $ Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 (Dollars in millions) $ 569.2 $ 57.9 10.2% $ $ 529.4 50.5 9.5% 490.5 42.0 8.6% Net Sales: Net sales were down 7% in 2016 compared to 2015 due primarily to the accelerated end of production resulting in volume reductions from certain programs with an automotive customer in our aluminum business. This decline was partially offset by higher sales in our gasoline direct injection fuel rail systems, which was up 36%, and rubber products businesses, which was up 13%, driven by new product launches. Segment Operating Income: Segment operating income decreased by $7.4 million, and segment operating income margin declined by 70 basis points, compared to 2015. These decreases were due primarily to lower sales in our aluminum business as described above, unfavorable sales mix and excess start-up costs related to our launch of new high-volume products in our fuel rail and fuel filler plants. These factors were partially offset by the impact of higher sales in our gasoline direct injection fuel rail systems and rubber products businesses in 2016 compared to 2015, as well as benefits of our 2016 cost reduction actions. 2015 Compared to 2014 Net Sales: The significant increase in net sales in 2015 is primarily due to the incremental sales from new programs with our automotive customers in our aluminum business of $30.4 million and the incremental sales in 2015 associated with the acquisition of Autoform Tool and Manufacturing (“Autoform”) of approximately $51.8 million offset by a decline in our other assembly components businesses. Segment Operating Income: Segment operating income increased 38% in 2015 compared to 2014. Our segment operating income margin was 10.2%, which was a 160 basis point increase compared to operating income margin of 8.6% in 2014. The increase in margin is primarily attributable to operating improvements in our aluminum business in 2015 compared to 2014. 27 Engineered Products Segment Net sales Segment operating income Segment operating income margin 2016 Compared to 2015 $ $ Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 (Dollars in millions) $ 315.9 20.9 $ 6.6% $ $ 245.4 10.6 4.3% 328.6 42.7 13.0% Net Sales: Net sales were down 22% in 2016 compared to 2015 due primarily to lower customer demand in the oil and gas, rail, steel, commercial aerospace and military end markets. Segment Operating Income: Segment operating income decreased by $10.3 million, and segment operating income margin declined by 230 basis points, due primarily to volume declines in our induction heating, pipe threading and forging businesses related to the weak market demand noted above. These factors were partially offset by the benefits of cost reduction actions. 2015 Compared to 2014 Net Sales: The decrease in net sales of 4% in 2015 is primarily attributable to a 15% decrease in the forged and machine products business, which was impacted by reduced demand in aircraft forging products and a decrease in our capital equipment group and its aftermarket business, which was impacted by reduced demand from the oil and gas and steel industries. This reduction was offset by incremental sales of $38.5 million related to the Saet S.p.A. (“Saet”) acquisition. Segment Operating Income: Segment operating income decreased to $20.9 million in 2015. The decrease in operating income dollars and the segment operating income margin are associated with the sales mix in 2015 and the associated reduction in overhead absorption related to the decline in volume in our forging business. Liquidity and Capital Sources The following table summarizes the major components of cash flows: Cash provided (used) by: Operating activities Investing activities Financing activities Effect of exchange rate on cash Increase in cash and cash equivalents Operating Activities 2016 2015 2014 $ 72.9 (51.9) (17.2) (1.5) (In millions) $ 44.7 (36.5) 0.7 (4.9) $ 53.6 (96.4) 48.6 (3.0) $ 2.3 $ 4.0 $ 2.8 Cash provided by operating activities increased by $28.2 million to $72.9 million in 2016 compared to 2015, driven by lower working capital needs (accounts receivable, inventories and accounts payable and other accrued expenses) in 2016 compared to last year. Lower sales levels in 2016 resulted in lower inventory and accounts receivable balances, and, in the 2015 period, higher inventories and lower accounts payable balances combined to use cash of $52.3 million. The lower working capital in 2016 was partially offset by lower net income of $16.5 million. 28 Cash provided by operating activities decreased $8.9 million to $44.7 million in 2015 compared to $53.6 million in 2014. The decrease in operating cash flows of $8.9 million in 2015 compared to 2014 was primarily the result of higher working capital in 2015 compared to 2014. Investing Activities Capital expenditures were $28.5 million in 2016, $36.5 million in 2015 and $25.8 million in 2014. These capital expenditures were primarily for growth initiatives, with the majority in our Assembly Component businesses as we launch new fuel rail and fuel filler products, and aluminum products for the automotive industry. In 2016, we spent $23.4 million (net of cash acquired) on the strategic acquisition of GH. See Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere herein for additional information. In 2014, we spent a combined $72.7 million (net of cash acquired) on the acquisitions of Apollo, Autoform and Saet. See Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere herein for additional information. Financing Activities Cash used by financing activities in 2016 consisted primarily of the net payments of debt instruments of $7.0 million, payment of cash dividends of $6.2 million and payment of an acquisition earn-out of $2.0 million. During the year, we reduced outstanding indebtedness by $33.4 million using cash flow from operating activities, before borrowing $26.4 million to fund the GH acquisition. See Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere herein for further discussion. Cash provided by financing activities in 2015 consisted of net borrowings on debt instruments of $20.4 million, partially offset by payment of cash dividends of $6.3 million and purchases of treasury stock of $15.5 million. Cash provided by financing activities in 2014 consisted of net borrowings on debt instruments of $57.9 million primarily to fund the 2014 acquisitions, partially offset by payment of cash dividends of $4.7 million and purchases of treasury stock of $4.4 million. Liquidity The following table summarizes our indicators of liquidity: 2016 2015 Cash and cash equivalents Gross debt (excluding unamortized debt issuance costs) Working capital Net debt as a % of capitalization $ $ $ (Dollars in millions) 64.3 475.0 310.8 62.0 468.1 324.4 $ $ $ 58% 60% As of December 31, 2016, we had $132.8 million outstanding under the revolving credit facility, approximately $106.2 million of unused borrowing availability and cash and cash equivalents of $64.3 million. Our liquidity needs are primarily for working capital and capital expenditures. Our primary sources of liquidity have been funds provided by operations and funds available from existing bank credit arrangements and the sale of our debt securities. On April 7, 2011, we completed the sale of $250.0 million aggregate principal amount of senior notes (the “Senior Notes”). The Senior Notes bear an interest rate of 8.125% per annum payable semi-annually in arrears on April 1 and October 1 of each year. The Senior Notes mature on April 1, 2021. 29 The Company is a party to a credit and security agreement, dated November 5, 2003, as amended and restated (the “Credit Agreement”), with a group of banks, under which it may borrow or issue standby letters of credit or commercial letters of credit. Please refer to Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere herein for further discussion. Current financial resources (working capital and available bank borrowing arrangements) and anticipated funds from operations are expected to be adequate to meet current cash requirements for at least the next twelve months. The future availability of bank borrowings under the revolving credit facility provided by the Credit Agreement is based on our ability to meet a debt service ratio covenant, which could be materially impacted by negative economic trends. Failure to meet the debt service ratio could materially impact the availability and interest rate of future borrowings. We may from time to time seek to refinance, retire or purchase our outstanding debt through cash purchases and/or exchanges for equity securities, in open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. We may also repurchase shares of our outstanding common stock. Any such actions will depend on prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors. The amounts involved may be material. Disruptions, uncertainty or volatility in the credit markets may adversely impact the availability of credit already arranged and the availability and cost of credit in the future. These market conditions may limit our ability to replace, in a timely manner, maturing liabilities and access the capital necessary to grow and maintain our businesses. Accordingly, we may be forced to delay raising capital or pay unattractive interest rates, which could increase our interest expense, decrease our profitability and significantly reduce our financial flexibility. The Company had cash and cash equivalents held by foreign subsidiaries of $54.4 million at December 31, 2016 and $48.4 million at December 31, 2015. For each of our foreign subsidiaries, we make a determination regarding the amount of earnings intended for permanent reinvestment, with the balance, if any, available to be repatriated to the United States. The cash held by foreign subsidiaries for permanent reinvestment is generally used to finance the foreign subsidiaries’ operational activities and/or future foreign investments. At December 31, 2016, we believe that sufficient liquidity was available in the United States, and it is our current intention to permanently reinvest undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries outside of the United States. Although we have no intention to repatriate the approximately $131.1 million of undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries as of December 31, 2016, if we were to repatriate these earnings, there would potentially be an adverse tax impact. At December 31, 2016, our debt service coverage ratio was 2.0, which is in compliance with the debt service coverage ratio covenant contained in the revolving credit facility provided by our Credit Agreement. We were also in compliance with the other covenants contained in the credit facility as of December 31, 2016. The debt service coverage ratio is calculated at the end of each fiscal quarter and is based on the following ratio: (1) the most recently ended four fiscal quarters of consolidated EBITDA, minus cash taxes paid, plus dividends paid from Industries to Holdings, minus unfunded capital expenditures, plus cash tax refunds; to (2) consolidated debt charges, which consist of consolidated cash interest expense plus scheduled principal payments on indebtedness, plus scheduled reductions in our term debt as defined in the Credit Agreement. The debt service coverage ratio must be greater than 1.0 and not less than 1.1 for any two consecutive fiscal quarters. While we expect to remain in compliance throughout 2017, declines in sales volumes in 2017 could adversely impact our ability to remain in compliance with certain of these financial covenants. Additionally, to the extent our customers are adversely affected by declines in the economy in general, they may not be able to pay their accounts payable to us on a timely basis or at all, which would make our accounts receivable from them ineligible for purposes of the revolving credit facility and could reduce our borrowing base and our ability to borrow under such facility. 30 Contractual Obligations The following table summarizes our principal contractual obligations and other commercial commitments over various future periods as of December 31, 2016: (In millions) Short-term and long-term debt obligations Interest obligations (1) Operating lease obligations Capital lease obligations Purchase obligations (2) Postretirement obligations (3) Standby letters of credit and bank guarantees Total Payments Due or Commitment Expiration Per Period Total Less Than 1 Year 1-3 Years 3-5 Years More than 5 Years $ $ $ 456.2 86.3 62.5 18.8 172.0 9.5 47.8 24.7 20.3 15.8 6.1 170.2 1.3 23.9 $ 159.2 40.6 19.9 8.0 1.7 2.3 10.8 $ 271.2 25.4 9.2 4.7 0.1 1.9 13.1 1.1 — 17.6 — — 4.0 — $ 853.1 $ 262.3 $ 242.5 $ 325.6 $ 22.7 (1) Interest obligations are included on the Senior Notes only and assume the Senior Notes are paid at maturity. The calculation of interest on debt outstanding under our revolving credit facility and other variable rate debt ($4.4 million based on 2.81% average interest rate and outstanding borrowings of $156.2 million at December 31, 2016) is not included above due to the subjectivity and estimation required. (2) Purchase obligations include contractual obligations for raw materials and services. (3) Postretirement obligations include projected postretirement benefit payments to participants only through 2025. The table above excludes the liability for unrecognized income tax benefits disclosed in Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere herein, since we cannot predict with reasonable reliability, the timing of potential cash settlements with the respective taxing authorities. We expect that funds provided by operations plus available borrowings under our revolving credit facility to be adequate to meet our cash requirements for at least the next twelve months. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements We do not have off-balance sheet arrangements, financing or other relationships with unconsolidated entities or other persons or derivative instruments. Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates Preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions which affect amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate the accounting policies and estimates that are used to prepare financial statements. Management has made their best estimates and judgments of certain amounts included in the financial statements, giving due consideration to materiality. We do not believe that there is great likelihood that materially different amounts would be reported under different conditions or using different assumptions related to the accounting policies described below. However, application of these accounting policies involves the exercise of judgment and use of assumptions as to future uncertainties and, as a result, actual results could differ from these estimates. Certain accounting policies that require significant management estimates and are deemed critical to our results of operations or financial position are discussed below. On a regular basis, critical accounting policies are reviewed with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors. 31 Revenue Recognition: We recognize revenue, other than from long-term contracts, when title is transferred to the customer, typically upon shipment. Revenue from long-term contracts is accounted for under the percentage of completion method, and recognized on the basis of the percentage each contract’s cost to date bears to the total estimated contract cost. We follow this method since reasonably dependable estimates of revenue and costs of a contract can be made. Revenue earned on contracts in process that are in excess of billings is classified in Other current assets in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet. Billings in excess of revenues earned on contracts in process are classified in Other accrued expenses in the Consolidated Balance Sheet and totaled $22.7 million and $16.8 million at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Allowance for Obsolete and Slow Moving Inventory: Inventories are valued using first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) and stated at the lower of cost or market value and have been reduced by an allowance for obsolete and slow-moving inventories. The estimated allowance is based on management’s review of inventories on hand with minimal sales activity, which is compared to estimated future usage and sales. Inventories identified by management as slow-moving or obsolete are reserved for based on estimated selling prices less disposal costs. Though we consider these allowances adequate and proper, changes in economic conditions in specific markets in which we operate could have a material effect on reserve allowances required. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets: In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 360, “Property, Plant and Equipment,” management performs impairment tests of long-lived assets, including property and equipment, whenever an event occurs or circumstances change that indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable or the useful life of the asset has changed. We review our long-lived assets for indicators of impairment such as a decision to idle certain facilities and consolidate certain operations, a current-period operating or cash flow loss or a forecast that demonstrates continuing losses associated with the use of a long- lived asset and the expectation that, more likely than not, a long-lived asset will be sold or otherwise disposed of significantly before the end of its previously estimated useful life. When we identify impairment indicators, we determine whether the carrying amount of our long-lived assets is recoverable by comparing the carrying value to the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the assets. We consider whether impairments exist at the lowest level of independent identifiable cash flows within a reporting unit (for example, plant location, program level or asset level). If the carrying value of the assets exceeds the expected cash flows, we estimate the fair value of these assets by using appraisals or recent selling experience in selling similar assets or for certain assets with reasonably predictable cash flows by performing discounted cash flow analysis to estimate fair value when market information is not available to determine whether an impairment existed. An asset impairment charge of $4.0 million was recognized in the first quarter of 2016 due to sales volume declines in certain programs with an automotive customer. Business Combinations, Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Assets: Business combinations are accounted for using the purchase method of accounting. This method requires the Company to record assets and liabilities of the business acquired at their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. Any excess of the cost of the acquisition over the fair value of the net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. The Company uses valuation specialists to perform appraisals and assist in the determination of the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. These valuations require management to make estimates and assumptions. As required by ASC 350, “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other” (“ASC 350”), management performs impairment testing of goodwill at least annually, as of October 1 of each year, or more frequently if impairment indicators arise. In accordance with ASC 350, management tests goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level. A reporting unit is an operating segment pursuant to ASC 280, “Segment Reporting”, or one level below the operating segment (component level) as determined by the availability of discrete financial information that is regularly reviewed by operating segment management. Our reporting units have been identified at the component level. For 2016, we performed quantitative testing for each reporting unit with a goodwill balance. In 2015 and 2014, we performed our test using both qualitative and quantitative methods. The quantitative goodwill impairment analysis is a two-step process. Step one compares the carrying amount of the reporting unit to its estimated fair value. To the extent that the carrying value of the reporting unit 32 exceeds its estimated fair value, step two is performed, where the reporting unit’s carrying value of goodwill is compared to the implied fair value of goodwill. To the extent that the carrying value of goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of goodwill, impairment exists and must be recognized. In applying the quantitative approach, we rely on a number of factors, including future business plans, actual and forecasted operating results, and market data. The significant assumptions employed under this method include discount rates; revenue growth rates, including assumed terminal growth rates; future capital expenditures and working capital needs; and operating margins used to project future cash flows for a reporting unit. The discount rates utilized reflect market-based estimates of capital costs and discount rates adjusted for management’s assessment of a market participant’s view with respect to other risks associated with the projected cash flows of the individual reporting unit. Our estimates are based upon assumptions we believe to be reasonable, but which by nature are uncertain and unpredictable. We believe we incorporate ample sensitivity ranges into our analysis of goodwill impairment testing for a reporting unit, such that actual experience would need to be materially out of the range of expected assumptions in order for an impairment to remain undetected. The results of testing as of October 1, 2016, 2015 and 2014 for all reporting units confirmed that the estimated fair value exceeded carrying values, and no impairment existed as of those dates. Additionally, we test all indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment at least annually, as of October 1 of each year, or more frequently if impairment indicators arise. In 2016, we utilized a quantitative approach. In 2015 and 2014, we utilized a combination of qualitative and quantitative assessments. Our fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014 annual impairment tests of each of our indefinite-lived intangible assets did not result in any impairment loss. The significant assumptions employed under this method include discount rates and revenue growth rates, including assumed terminal growth rates. The discount rates utilized reflect market-based estimates of capital costs and discount rates adjusted for management’s assessment of a market participant’s view with respect to other risks associated with the projected cash flows of the individual reporting unit. Our estimates are based upon assumptions we believe to be reasonable, but which by nature are uncertain and unpredictable. We believe we incorporate ample sensitivity ranges into our analysis of intangible impairment testing, such that actual experience would need to be materially out of the range of expected assumptions in order for an impairment to remain undetected. See Notes 4 and 5 of the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere herein for additional disclosure on goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles. Income Taxes: In accordance with ASC 740, “Income Taxes” (“ASC 740”), we account for income taxes under the asset and liability method, whereby deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on temporary differences between the financial reporting and the tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the currently enacted tax rates. Specifically, we measure gross deferred tax assets for deductible temporary differences and carryforwards, such as operating losses and tax credits, using the applicable enacted tax rates and apply the more likely than not measurement criterion. In determining the adequacy of valuation allowances, we consider cumulative and anticipated amounts of domestic and international earnings or losses, anticipated amounts of foreign source income, and the anticipated taxable income resulting from the reversal of future taxable temporary differences. We intend to maintain any recorded valuation allowances until sufficient positive evidence, such as cumulative positive foreign earnings or additional foreign source income, exists to support reversal of the tax valuation allowances. Further, at each interim reporting period, we estimate an effective income tax rate that is expected to be applicable for the full year. Significant judgment is involved regarding the application of global income tax laws and regulations and when projecting the jurisdictional mix of income. Additionally, interpretation of tax laws, court decisions or other guidance provided by taxing authorities influences our estimate of the effective income tax rates. As a result, our actual annual effective income tax rates and related income tax liabilities may differ materially from our interim estimated effective tax rates and related income tax liabilities. Any resulting differences are recorded in the period they become known. 33 During 2016, the Company reversed various income tax accruals totaling approximately $4.0 million relating to previous uncertain tax positions for which the statutes of limitations expired. Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans: We and our subsidiaries have pension plans, principally noncontributory defined benefit or noncontributory defined contribution plans and postretirement benefit plans covering substantially all employees. The measurement of liabilities related to these plans is based on management’s assumptions related to future events, including interest rates, return on pension plan assets, rate of compensation increases, and health care cost trends. Pension plan asset performance in the future will directly impact our net income. We have evaluated our pension and other postretirement benefit assumptions, considering current trends in interest rates and market conditions and believe our assumptions are appropriate. Effective on December 31, 2015, the Company adopted a change in the method used to estimate the service and interest cost components of net periodic benefit cost for its defined benefit pension plans and postretirement benefit plans. Historically, the service and interest cost components were estimated using a single weighted- average discount rate derived from the yield curve used to measure the benefit obligation at the beginning of the period. For 2016, the Company used a spot rate approach by applying the specific spot rates along the yield curve to the relevant projected cash flows in the estimation of the service and interest components of benefit cost, resulting in a more precise measurement. These spot rates were determined as of the measurement date of December 31, 2015. This change does not affect the measurement of total benefit obligations. The change was accounted for as a change in estimate and, accordingly, was accounted for prospectively starting in 2016. The reductions in service and interest costs for 2016 associated with this change were $0.1 million and $0.6 million, respectively. We consult with our actuaries at least annually when reviewing and selecting the discount rates to be used. The discount rates used by the Company are based on yields of various corporate and governmental bond indices with actual maturity dates that approximate the estimated benefit payment streams of the related pension plans. The discount rates are also reviewed in comparison with current benchmark indices, economic market conditions and the movement in the benchmark yield since the previous fiscal year. The liability weighted-average discount rate for the defined benefit pension plan is 3.91% for 2016, compared with 4.13% in 2015. For the other postretirement benefit plan, the rate is 3.63% for 2016 and 3.80% for 2015. This rate represents the interest rates generally available in the United States, which is the Company’s only country with other postretirement benefit liabilities. Another assumption that affects the Company’s pension expense is the expected long-term rate of return on assets. The Company’s pension plans are funded. The weighted-average expected long-term rate of return on assets assumption is 8.25% for 2016. In determining the expected return on plan assets, we consider both historical performance and an estimate of future long-term rates of return on assets similar to those in our plan. We consult with and consider opinions of financial and actuarial experts in developing appropriate return assumptions. Changes in the related pension benefit costs may occur in the future due to changes in assumptions. The following table illustrates the sensitivity to a change in the assumed discount rate and expected long-term rate of return on assets for the Company’s pension plans and other postretirement plans as of December 31, 2016: Change in Assumption Impact on 2016 Benefit Expense Impact on 2016 Projected Benefit Obligation for Pension Benefits Impact on 2016 Projected Benefit Obligation for Postretirement Benefits 50 basis point decrease in discount rate 50 basis point increase in discount rate 50 basis point decrease in expected return on assets $ $ $ — $ — $ (Dollars in millions) 2.9 (2.7) $ $ 0.6 $ — $ 0.4 (0.3) — See Note 11 of the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere herein for further analysis regarding the sensitivity of the key assumptions applied in the actuarial valuations. 34 Legal Contingencies: We are involved in a variety of claims, suits, investigations and administrative proceedings with respect to commercial, premises liability, product liability, employment and environmental matters arising from the ordinary course of business. We accrue reserves for legal contingencies, on an undiscounted basis, when it is probable that we have incurred a liability and we can reasonably estimate an amount. When a single amount cannot be reasonably estimated, but the cost can be estimated within a range and no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount, we accrue the minimum amount in the range. Based upon facts and information currently available, we believe the amounts reserved are adequate for such pending matters. We monitor the development of legal proceedings on a regular basis and will adjust our reserves when, and to the extent, additional information becomes available. Recent and Future Adoption of Accounting Standards See Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere herein. Environmental We have been identified as a potentially responsible party at third-party sites under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, as amended, or comparable state laws, which provide for strict and, under certain circumstances, joint and several liability. We are participating in the cost of certain clean-up efforts at several of these sites. However, our share of such costs has not been material and based on available information, management does not expect our exposure at any of these locations to have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, liquidity or financial condition. We have been named as one of many defendants in a number of asbestos-related personal injury lawsuits. Our cost of defending such lawsuits has not been material to date and, based upon available information, management does not expect our future costs for asbestos-related lawsuits to have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, liquidity or financial condition. We caution, however, that inherent in management’s estimates of our exposure are expected trends in claims severity, frequency and other factors that may materially vary as claims are filed and settled or otherwise resolved. Seasonality; Variability of Operating Results The timing of orders placed by our customers has varied with, among other factors, orders for customers’ finished goods, customer production schedules, competitive conditions and general economic conditions. The variability of the level and timing of orders has, from time to time, resulted in significant periodic and quarterly fluctuations in the operations of our business units. Such variability is particularly evident in the industrial equipment business unit included in the Engineered Products segment, which typically ships a few large systems per year. Forward-Looking Statements This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains certain statements that are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. The words “believes”, “anticipates”, “plans”, “expects”, “intends”, “estimates” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward- looking statements. These forward-looking statements, including statements regarding future performance of the Company, that are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance and achievements, or industry results, to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. These factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from expectations include, but are not limited to, the following: our substantial indebtedness; the uncertainty of the global economic environment; general business conditions and 35 competitive factors, including pricing pressures and product innovation; demand for our products and services; raw material availability and pricing; fluctuations in energy costs; component part availability and pricing; changes in our relationships with customers and suppliers; the financial condition of our customers, including the impact of any bankruptcies; our ability to successfully integrate recent and future acquisitions into existing operations; the amounts and timing, if any, of purchases of our common stock; changes in general domestic economic conditions such as inflation rates, interest rates, tax rates, unemployment rates, higher labor and healthcare costs, recessions and changing government policies, laws and regulations, including those related to the current global uncertainties and crises; adverse impacts to us, our suppliers and customers from acts of terrorism or hostilities; our ability to meet various covenants, including financial covenants, contained in the agreements governing our indebtedness; disruptions, uncertainties or volatility in the credit markets that may limit our access to capital; potential disruption due to a partial or complete reconfiguration of the European Union; increasingly stringent domestic and foreign governmental regulations, including those affecting the environment or import and export controls and other trade barriers; inherent uncertainties involved in assessing our potential liability for environmental remediation-related activities; the outcome of pending and future litigation and other claims and disputes with customers; the outcome of the review conducted by the special committee of our board of directors; our dependence on the automotive and heavy-duty truck industries, which are highly cyclical; the dependence of the automotive industry on consumer spending; our ability to negotiate contracts with labor unions; our dependence on key management; our dependence on information systems; our ability to continue to pay cash dividends, and the other factors we describe under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which such statement is made, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law. In light of these and other uncertainties, the inclusion of a forward-looking statement herein should not be regarded as a representation by us that our plans and objectives will be achieved. The Company assumes no obligation to update the information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, except to the extent required by law. 36 Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk We are exposed to market risk, including changes in interest rates. We are subject to interest rate risk on borrowings under the floating rate revolving credit facility and term loan provided by our Credit Agreement, which consisted of borrowings of $156.2 million at December 31, 2016. A 100 basis point increase in the interest rates would have resulted in an increase in interest expense of approximately $1.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. Our foreign subsidiaries generally conduct business in local currencies. We face translation risks related to the changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Amounts invested in our foreign operations are translated in U.S. dollars at the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded as a component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss in the Shareholders’ equity section of the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. Net sales and expenses in our foreign operations’ foreign currencies are translated into varying amounts of U.S. dollars depending upon whether the U.S. dollar weakens or strengthens against other currencies. Therefore, changes in exchange rates may either positively or negatively affect our net sales and expenses from foreign operations as expressed in U.S. dollars. Our largest exposures to commodity prices relate to steel and natural gas prices, which have fluctuated widely in recent years. We do not have any commodity swap agreements, forward purchase or hedge contracts. 37 Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Financial Data Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consolidated Balance Sheets — December 31, 2016 and 2015 Consolidated Statements of Income — Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) — Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity — Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows — Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited) — Years Ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 Supplementary Financial Data Schedule II — Valuation and Qualifying accounts Page 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 71 72 72 38 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM The Board of Directors and Shareholders of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income (loss), shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016. Our audits also included the financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a). These financial statements and schedule are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and schedule based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and Subsidiaries at December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the consolidated results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and Subsidiaries’ internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 Framework) and our report dated March 9, 2017 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon. Cleveland, Ohio March 9, 2017 39 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM The Board of Directors and Shareholders of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. We have audited Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and Subsidiaries’ internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 Framework) (the COSO criteria). Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and Subsidiaries’ management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. As indicated in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting, management’s assessment of and conclusion on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting did not include the internal controls of GH Electrotermia S.A., which is included in the 2016 consolidated financial statements of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and Subsidiaries and constituted approximately seven percent of total assets as of December 31, 2016. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and Subsidiaries also did not include an evaluation of the internal control over financial reporting of GH Electrotermia S.A. In our opinion, Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and Subsidiaries maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on the COSO criteria. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income (loss), shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016 of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and Subsidiaries and our report dated March 9, 2017 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon. Cleveland, Ohio March 9, 2017 40 Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Balance Sheets Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents Accounts receivable, less allowances for doubtful accounts of $4.0 million at December 31, 2016 and $3.3 million at December 31, 2015 ASSETS Inventories, net Other current assets Total current assets Property, plant and equipment, net Goodwill Intangible assets, net Pension assets Other long-term assets Total assets LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY Current liabilities: Trade accounts payable Current portion of long-term debt and short-term debt Accrued employee compensation Other accrued expenses Total current liabilities Long-term liabilities, less current portion: Debt Deferred income taxes Other long-term liabilities Total long-term liabilities $ $ Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and Subsidiaries shareholders’ equity: Capital stock, par value $1 a share Serial preferred stock: Authorized — 632,470 shares: Issued and outstanding — none Common stock: Authorized — 40,000,000 shares; Issued — 14,846,035 shares in 2016 and 14,653,985 in 2015 Additional paid-in capital Retained earnings Treasury stock, at cost, 2,446,111 shares in 2016 and 2,383,903 shares in 2015 Accumulated other comprehensive loss Total Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and Subsidiaries shareholders’ equity Noncontrolling interests Total equity Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity $ The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 41 December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 (In millions, except share data) $ 64.3 $ 62.0 194.4 240.6 53.4 552.7 167.1 86.6 96.6 61.7 9.6 974.3 133.6 30.8 18.8 58.7 241.9 439.0 27.7 29.7 496.4 — 14.9 108.8 193.6 (48.6) (42.7) 226.0 10.0 236.0 974.3 $ $ $ 199.3 249.0 39.3 549.6 151.3 82.0 92.8 58.9 7.5 942.1 129.7 17.8 26.1 51.6 225.2 445.8 20.4 38.5 504.7 — 14.7 99.0 168.3 (46.7) (30.0) 205.3 6.9 212.2 942.1 Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Income Net sales Cost of sales Gross profit Selling, general and administrative expenses Asset impairment charge Litigation judgment costs Operating income Interest expense Income before income taxes Income tax expense Net income Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest Net income attributable to ParkOhio common shareholders Earnings per common share attributable to ParkOhio common shareholders: Basic Diluted Weighted-average shares used to compute earnings per share: Basic Diluted Cash dividend per common share Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 (In millions, except per share data) $ 1,276.9 1,073.9 $ 1,463.8 1,228.6 $ 1,378.7 1,144.2 203.0 129.8 4.0 — 69.2 28.2 41.0 8.8 32.2 (0.5) 235.2 135.1 — 2.2 97.9 27.9 70.0 21.3 48.7 (0.6) 234.5 136.6 — — 97.9 26.1 71.8 24.9 46.9 (1.3) 31.7 $ 48.1 $ 45.6 2.62 2.58 12.1 12.3 0.50 $ $ $ 3.94 3.88 $ $ 12.2 12.4 0.50 3.77 3.68 12.1 12.4 $ 0.375 $ $ $ $ The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 42 Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) Net income Other comprehensive income (loss): Foreign currency translation adjustments Pension and postretirement benefit adjustments, net of tax Total other comprehensive (loss) income Total comprehensive income, net of tax Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest Comprehensive income attributable to ParkOhio common Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 $ 32.2 (In millions) 48.7 $ $ 46.9 (13.9) 1.2 (12.7) 19.5 (0.5) (11.8) (4.2) (16.0) 32.7 (0.6) (7.9) (9.5) (17.4) 29.5 (1.3) shareholders $ 19.0 $ 32.1 $ 28.2 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 43 Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity Additional Paid-In Capital Retained Earnings Treasury Stock Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income Noncontrolling Interest Total Balance at January 1, 2014 14,364,239 $ 14.4 $ Common Stock Shares Amount (In whole shares) — — 140,250 (4,668) 14,000 — — — 14,513,821 — — 72,500 (29,836) 14,000 83,500 — — — 14,653,985 — — 172,550 (4,000) 1,500 22,000 — — 0.1 — — — — — 14.5 — — 0.1 — — 0.1 — — — 14.7 — — 0.2 — — — — Other comprehensive income (loss) Share-based compensation Restricted stock awards Restricted stock cancelled Performance shares issued Dividends Purchase of treasury stock (79,733 shares) Income tax effect of share-based compensation exercises and vesting Balance at December 31, 2014 Other comprehensive income (loss) Share-based compensation Restricted stock awards Restricted stock cancelled Performance shares issued Exercise of stock options Dividends Purchase of treasury stock (369,211 shares) Income tax effect of share-based compensation exercises and vesting Balance at December 31, 2015 Other comprehensive income (loss) Share-based compensation Restricted stock awards Restricted stock cancelled Performance shares issued Exercise of stock options Dividends Purchase of treasury stock (62,208 shares) Income tax effect of share-based compensation exercises and vesting Acquisition Other 82.4 $ — 5.8 (0.1) (0.1) 0.7 — 85.6 $ 45.6 — — — — (4.7) — 1.1 89.8 — 7.3 (0.1) — — 1.1 — — 0.9 99.0 — 10.6 (0.2) — — 0.5 — — — 126.5 48.1 — — — — — (6.3) — — 168.3 31.7 — — — — — (6.2) (In millions) $ (26.8) — — — — — — (4.4) — (31.2) — — — — — — — (15.5) — (46.7) — — — — — — — $ 3.4 (17.4) — — — — — — — (14.0) (16.0) — — — — — — — — (30.0) (12.7) — — — — — — — — — — 5.0 $ 164.0 29.5 1.3 5.8 — — — (0.1) — 0.7 — (4.7) — — (4.4) — 6.3 0.6 — — — — — — 1.1 191.9 32.7 7.3 — — — 1.2 (6.3) — (15.5) — 6.9 0.5 — — — — — — — — 2.1 0.5 0.9 212.2 19.5 10.6 — — — 0.5 (6.2) (1.9) (0.6) 2.1 (0.2) — — — — (1.9) — — — — — — (0.6) — (0.5) — — (0.2) — — — Balance at December 31, 2016 14,846,035 $ 14.9 $ 108.8 $ 193.6 $ (48.6) $ (42.7) $ 10.0 $ 236.0 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 44 Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows OPERATING ACTIVITIES Net income Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization Asset impairment charges Share-based compensation Deferred income taxes Other Changes in operating assets and liabilities, excluding business acquisitions: Accounts receivable Inventories Prepaid and other current assets Accounts payable and accrued expenses Other noncurrent liabilities Other Net cash provided by operating activities INVESTING ACTIVITIES Purchases of property, plant and equipment Proceeds from sale of assets Business acquisitions, net of cash acquired Net cash used by investing activities FINANCING ACTIVITIES (Payments) proceeds from revolving credit facility, net Payments on term loans and other debt Proceeds from other long-term debt (Payments) proceeds from capital lease facilities, net Dividends Purchases of treasury stock Income tax effect of share-based compensation exercises and vesting Payment of acquisition earn-out Other Net cash (used) provided by financing activities Effect of exchange rate changes on cash Increase in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year Cash and cash equivalents at end of year Income taxes paid Interest paid $ $ $ Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 $ 32.2 (In millions) 48.7 $ $ 46.9 29.5 4.0 10.6 2.8 — 13.7 8.6 (5.5) (8.8) (8.1) (6.1) 72.9 (28.5) — (23.4) (51.9) (36.2) (4.5) 34.9 (1.2) (6.2) (1.9) (0.6) (2.0) 0.5 (17.2) (1.5) 2.3 62.0 64.3 8.7 25.9 $ $ $ 28.7 — 7.3 2.9 — 3.8 (15.4) 8.7 (36.9) 1.6 (4.7) 44.7 (36.5) — — (36.5) 7.9 (3.6) 2.3 13.8 (6.3) (15.5) 0.9 — 1.2 0.7 (4.9) 4.0 58.0 62.0 19.0 25.7 $ $ $ 23.2 — 5.8 0.5 (0.9) (27.9) (8.7) (14.6) 27.9 (7.3) 8.7 53.6 (25.8) 2.1 (72.7) (96.4) 50.3 (6.6) 14.2 — (4.7) (4.4) 1.1 — (1.3) 48.6 (3.0) 2.8 55.2 58.0 25.8 24.0 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 45 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Dollars in millions, except per share data) NOTE 1 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Consolidation and Basis of Presentation: Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. (“ParkOhio,” “we” or the “Company”) is a diversified international company providing world-class customers with a supply chain management outsourcing service, capital equipment used on their production lines, and manufactured components used to assemble their products. The Company operates through three reportable segments: Supply Technologies, Assembly Components and Engineered Products. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all of its majority-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company does not have off-balance sheet arrangements or financings with unconsolidated entities or other persons. The Company leases certain real properties owned by related parties as described in Note 10. Transactions with related parties are not material to the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Accounting Estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Cash Equivalents: The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Inventories: Inventories are stated at the lower of first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) cost or market value. Major Classes of Inventories Finished goods Work in process Raw materials and supplies Inventories, net Other inventory items Inventory reserves Consigned Inventory December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 (In millions) $ $ $ $ 131.4 43.4 65.8 240.6 (30.2) 12.2 $ $ $ $ 147.5 37.4 64.1 249.0 (29.0) 10.3 Property, Plant and Equipment: Property, plant and equipment is carried at cost. Additions and improvements that extend the lives of assets are capitalized, and expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to operations as incurred. Depreciation and amortization of fixed assets, including capital leases, is computed principally by the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives of the assets ranging from five to 40 years for buildings, and one to 20 years for machinery and equipment (with the majority in the range of three to ten years). 46 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) The following table summarizes property, plant and equipment: Property, plant and equipment: Land and land improvements Buildings Machinery and equipment Leased property under capital leases Total property, plant and equipment Less accumulated depreciation Property, plant and equipment, net December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 $ $ 11.3 74.9 316.1 20.4 422.7 255.6 167.1 $ $ 8.5 65.3 304.6 16.2 394.6 243.3 151.3 Information regarding depreciation expense of property, plant and equipment follows: Depreciation expense Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 $ 23.4 (In millions) $ 22.3 $ 18.4 Impairment of Long-Lived Assets: We assess the recoverability of long-lived assets (excluding goodwill) and identifiable acquired intangible assets with finite useful lives whenever impairment indicators exist. When impairment indicators exist, we measure the recoverability of assets to be held and used by a comparison of the carrying amount of the asset to the expected net future undiscounted cash flows to be generated by that asset. The amount of impairment of identifiable intangible assets with finite useful lives, if any, to be recognized is measured based on projected discounted future cash flows. We measure the amount of impairment of other long- lived assets (excluding goodwill) as the amount by which the carrying value of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset, which is generally determined, based on projected discounted future cash flows or appraised values. Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Assets: In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 350, “Intangibles — Goodwill and Other” (“ASC 350”), goodwill and indefinite life intangible assets are not amortized, but rather are tested annually for impairment as of October 1, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate there may be an indicator of impairment in accordance with ASC 350. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level and is based on the net assets for each reporting unit, including goodwill and intangible assets, compared to the fair value. Our reporting units have been identified at the component level. The Company completed its annual goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles impairment testing as of October 1 of each year, noting no impairment. The Company uses an income approach, utilizing a discounted cash flow mode based on forecasted cash flows and weighted average cost of capital, and other valuation techniques to determine fair value. See Notes 4 and 5 of the consolidated financial statements for additional disclosure on goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles. Fair Values of Financial Instruments: Certain financial instruments are required to be recorded at fair value. The Company measures financial assets and liabilities at fair value in three levels of inputs. The three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies, is: Level 1 — Valuations based on quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in active markets. 47 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Level 2 — Valuations based on observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data. Level 3 — Valuations based on unobservable inputs reflecting our own assumptions, consistent with reasonably available assumptions made by other market participants. These valuations require significant judgment. Changes in assumptions or estimation methods could affect the fair value estimates; however, we do not believe any such changes would have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and borrowings under the Credit Agreement (as defined in Note 6) approximate fair value at December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 because of the short-term nature of these instruments. The fair values of long-term debt and pension plan assets are disclosed in Note 6 and Note 11, respectively. The Company has not changed its valuation techniques for measuring fair value during 2016, and there were no transfers between levels during the periods presented. Income Taxes: The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method, whereby deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on temporary differences between the financial reporting and the tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the current enacted tax rates. In determining these amounts, management determined the probability of realizing deferred tax assets, taking into consideration factors including historical operating results, cumulative earnings and losses, expectations of future earnings, taxable income and the extended period of time over which the postretirement benefits will be paid and accordingly records valuation allowances if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of our deferred tax assets will not be realized as required by ASC 740, “Income Taxes” (“ASC 740”). Share-Based Compensation: The Company follows the provisions of ASC 718, “Compensation — Stock Compensation” (“ASC 718”), which requires all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized in the income statement based on their grant date fair values. Compensation expense for awards with service conditions only that are subject to graded vesting is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the vesting period. Compensation expense of performance-based awards is recognized as an expense over the vesting periods of the awards using the accelerated attribution method once performance is deemed probable. Under the provisions of the Company’s 2015 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan (“2015 Plan”), which is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors, incentive stock options, non-statutory stock options, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), restricted share units, performance shares or stock awards may be awarded to directors and all employees of the Company and its subsidiaries. The 2015 Plan replaces in its entirety the 1998 Long-Term Incentive Plan, as amended (“1998 Plan”), but shares that remained available under the 1998 Plan were added to the aggregate share limit under that 2015 Plan. Stock options will be exercisable in whole or in installments as may be determined provided that no options will be exercisable more than ten years from date of grant. The exercise price will be the fair value at the date of grant. The aggregate number of shares of the Company’s common stock that may be awarded under the 2015 Plan is 367,977. Revenue Recognition: The Company recognizes revenue, other than from long-term contracts, when title is transferred to the customer, typically upon shipment. Revenue from long-term contracts is accounted for under 48 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) the percentage of completion method, and recognized on the basis of the percentage each contract’s cost to date bears to the total estimated contract cost. We follow this method since reasonably dependable estimates of revenue and costs of a contract can be made. Revenue earned on contracts in process that are in excess of billings is classified as unbilled contract revenues in Other current assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Billings in excess of revenues earned on contracts in process are classified in Other accrued expenses in the Consolidated Balance Sheet and totaled $22.7 million and $16.8 million at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Cost of Sales: Cost of sales is primarily comprised of direct materials and supplies consumed in the manufacture of product; manufacturing labor, depreciation expense and direct overhead expense; and shipping and handling costs. Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts: Accounts receivable are recorded at net realizable value. Accounts receivable are reduced by an allowance for amounts that may become uncollectable in the future. The Company’s policy is to identify and reserve for specific collectability concerns based on customers’ financial condition and payment history as well as a general reserve based on historical trends and other information. During 2016 and 2015, we sold approximately $81.6 million and $118.5 million, respectively, of accounts receivable to mitigate accounts receivable concentration risk and to provide additional financing capacity. In compliance with ASC 860, “Transfers and Servicing”, sales of accounts receivable are reflected as a reduction of accounts receivable in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and the proceeds are included in cash flows from operating activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash flows. In 2016 and 2015, an expense in the amount of $0.5 million and $0.6 million, respectively, related to the discount on sale of accounts receivable is recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Concentration of Credit Risk: The Company sells its products to customers in diversified industries. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition but does not require collateral to support customer receivables. The Company establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts based upon factors surrounding the credit risk of specific customers, historical trends and other information. As of December 31, 2016, the Company had uncollateralized receivables with six customers in the automotive industry, each with several locations, aggregating $37.8 million, which represented approximately 19% of the Company’s trade accounts receivable. During 2016, sales to these customers amounted to approximately $276.9 million, which represented approximately 22% of the Company’s net sales. Environmental: The Company expenses environmental costs related to existing conditions resulting from past or current operations and from which no current or future benefit is discernible. Costs that extend the life of the related property or mitigate or prevent future environmental contamination are capitalized. The Company records a liability when environmental assessments and/or remedial efforts are probable and can be reasonably estimated. The estimated liability of the Company is not reduced for possible recoveries from insurance carriers and is undiscounted. Foreign Currency Translation: The functional currency for a majority of subsidiaries outside the United States is the local currency. Financial statements for these subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at year-end exchange rates for assets and liabilities and weighted-average exchange rates for revenues and expenses. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in shareholders’ equity. Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency translations, including intercompany transactions that are not considered permanent investments, are included in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Warranties: Warranty liabilities are primarily associated with the Company’s industrial equipment business unit and the fluid routing solutions business. The Company estimates the amount of warranty claims on 49 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) sold products that may be incurred based on current and historical data. The actual warranty expense could differ from the estimates made by the Company based on product performance. The following table presents the changes in the Company’s product warranty liability: Balance at January 1, Claims paid during the year Warranty expense Acquired warranty liabilities Other Balance at December 31, Year Ended December 31, 2016 6.1 (3.7) 2.0 2.8 (0.1) 7.1 $ $ $ $ 2014 $ 2015 (In millions) 6.9 (4.7) 4.0 — (0.1) 6.1 $ 5.4 (2.9) 4.0 — 0.4 6.9 Weighted-Average Number of Shares Used in Computing Earnings Per Share: The following table sets forth the weighted-average number of shares used in the computation of earnings per share: Weighted average basic shares outstanding Plus dilutive impact of employee stock awards Weighted average diluted shares outstanding Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 12,126,264 148,188 12,274,452 (In whole shares) 12,215,425 167,526 12,382,951 12,097,018 279,058 12,376,076 Outstanding stock options with exercise prices greater than the average price of the common shares are anti- dilutive and are not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share. For the year ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, the anti-dilutive shares were insignificant. Accounting Pronouncements Adopted In April 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2015-03, “Interest-Imputation of Interest: Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs.” The ASU requires an entity to present debt issuance costs in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the related debt liability rather than as an asset. Amortization of the debt issuance costs will continue to be reported as interest expense. The Company adopted this ASU during the first quarter of 2016 and applied this standard retrospectively to 2015. The new guidance impacted only the presentation of the Company’s financial position and did not affect the Company’s results of operations or cash flows. Refer to Note 6 for the impact on our consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2015. In May 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-07, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosures for Investments in Certain Entities that Calculate Net Asset Value per Share (or Its Equivalent).” Under the new guidance, investments measured at net asset value (“NAV”), as a practical expedient for fair value, are excluded from the fair value hierarchy. Removing investments measured using the practical expedient from the fair value hierarchy is intended to eliminate the diversity in practice that currently exists with respect to the categorization of these investments. The new guidance was effective for the Company on January 1, 2016. The guidance impacted the presentation of certain pension related assets that use NAV as a practical expedient. See Note 11 for additional information. 50 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606),” which was the result of a joint project by the FASB and International Accounting Standards Board to clarify the principles for recognizing revenue and to develop a common revenue standard for U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and International Financial Reporting Standards. The ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. The ASU will require either retrospective application to each prior reporting period presented or retrospective application with the cumulative effect of initially applying the standard recognized at the date of adoption. The Company is in the process of analyzing the impact of ASU 2014-09, and the related ASUs, across all its businesses. This includes reviewing current accounting policies and practices to identify potential differences that would result from applying the requirements under the new standard. The Company expects to adopt the new standard using the modified retrospective approach, under which the cumulative effect of initially applying the new guidance is recognized as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings upon adoption effective January 1, 2018. We are still evaluating the impact and an estimation of the impact cannot be made at this time. In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-1, “Financial Instruments — Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.” The amendments in this update address certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. The Board also is addressing measurement of credit losses on financial assets in a separate project. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is not permitted. The new guidance will be applied prospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842).” The amendment establishes a comprehensive new lease accounting model. The new standard: (a) clarifies the definition of a lease; (b) requires a dual approach to lease classification similar to current lease classifications; and (c) causes lessees to recognize leases on the balance sheet as a lease liability with a corresponding right-of-use asset for leases with a lease-term of more than twelve months. This ASU is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. The new standard requires a modified retrospective transition for capital or operating leases existing at or entered into after the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, but it does not require transition accounting for leases that expire prior to the date of initial application. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, “Compensation — Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting.” The ASU simplifies several aspects of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures and statutory tax withholding requirements, as well as classification of related amounts within the statement of cash flows. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning with the first quarter of 2017, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance. In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory.” The objective of the ASU is to identify, evaluate, and improve areas of GAAP for which cost and complexity can be reduced while maintaining or improving the usefulness of the information provided to uses of the financial statements. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning with the first quarter of 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance. No other recently issued ASUs are expected to have a material impact on our results of operations, financial condition or liquidity. 51 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) NOTE 2 — Segments The Company operates through three reportable segments: Supply Technologies, Assembly Components and Engineered Products. Supply Technologies provides our customers with Total Supply Management™ services for a broad range of high-volume, specialty production components. Assembly Components manufactures cast aluminum components, automotive and industrial rubber and thermoplastic products, gasoline direct injection systems, fuel filler and hydraulic assemblies for automotive, agricultural equipment, construction equipment, heavy-duty truck and marine equipment industries, and also provides value-added services such as design and engineering, machining and assembly. Engineered Products operates a diverse group of niche manufacturing businesses that design and manufacture a broad range of high quality products engineered for specific customer applications. For purposes of measuring business segment performance, the Company utilizes segment operating income, which is defined as revenues less expenses identifiable to the product lines within each segment. The Company does not allocate items that are non-operating; unusual in nature; or are corporate costs, which include but are not limited to executive compensation and corporate office costs. Segment operating income reconciles to consolidated income before income taxes by deducting corporate costs, certain non-cash charges and interest expense. Results by business segment were as follows: Net sales: Supply Technologies Assembly Components Engineered Products Segment operating income: Supply Technologies Assembly Components Engineered Products Total segment operating income Corporate costs Asset impairment charge Litigation judgment costs Interest expense $ $ $ 2016 502.1 529.4 245.4 1,276.9 40.0 50.5 10.6 101.1 (27.9) (4.0) — (28.2) Year Ended December 31, 2015 (In millions) 2014 $ $ $ $ $ $ 578.7 569.2 315.9 1,463.8 50.3 57.9 20.9 129.1 (29.0) — (2.2) (27.9) 559.6 490.5 328.6 1,378.7 42.5 42.0 42.7 127.2 (29.3) — — (26.1) 71.8 Income before income taxes $ 41.0 $ 70.0 $ 52 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Capital expenditures: Supply Technologies Assembly Components Engineered Products Corporate Depreciation and amortization expense: Supply Technologies Assembly Components Engineered Products Corporate Identifiable assets: Supply Technologies Assembly Components Engineered Products Corporate Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 (In millions) 2014 $ $ $ $ $ $ 6.1 16.9 5.5 — 28.5 4.7 20.1 4.1 0.6 29.5 262.0 332.9 304.9 74.5 974.3 $ $ $ $ $ $ 3.7 27.3 5.5 — 36.5 4.7 18.6 4.2 1.2 28.7 276.3 344.8 243.1 77.9 942.1 $ $ $ $ $ $ 5.8 14.0 2.4 1.5 23.7 4.5 14.2 3.3 1.2 23.2 277.6 340.5 246.9 104.1 969.1 The percentage of net sales by product line included in each segment was as follows: Supply Technologies: Supply Technologies Engineered specialty products Assembly Components: Fuel, rubber and plastic products Aluminum products Engineered Products: Industrial equipment business Forged and machined products Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 85% 15% 100% 67% 33% 100% 79% 21% 100% 87% 13% 100% 59% 41% 100% 81% 19% 100% 88% 12% 100% 57% 43% 100% 78% 22% 100% 53 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) The Company’s approximate percentage of net sales by geographic region was as follows: United States Asia Europe Canada Mexico Other Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 71% 8% 8% 6% 6% 1% 72% 8% 7% 6% 6% 1% 74% 6% 6% 7% 5% 2% 100% 100% 100% The basis for attributing revenue to individual geographic regions is customer location. At December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, approximately 68%, 71% and 72%, respectively, of the Company’s assets were located in the United States. NOTE 3 — Acquisitions In December 2016, the Company acquired all the outstanding capital stock of GH Electrotermia S.A. (“GH”), headquartered in Valencia, Spain, for $23.4 million in cash (net of $6.3 million cash acquired), plus the assumption of $13.9 million in debt. GH, which had 2016 revenues of approximately $55 million, is a global leader in the design, manufacturing and testing of induction heating equipment and heat treat solutions; operates through its locations in Spain, India, Germany, China and the United States; and strengthens our position as the global leader of induction products and adds key technologies to our already diverse portfolio of induction hardening capabilities. The purchase agreement provides payment of contingent consideration of up to $2.1 million based on achievement of certain EBITDA targets over 2016 and 2017. The estimated fair value of the earn-out, valued using level 3 inputs, was approximately $1.1 million at the date of the acquisition. The allocation of the purchase price is subject to finalization of the Company’s determination of the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date and could materially differ from those presented above. The Company has not yet finalized its analysis of the fair value of property, plant and equipment; intangible assets; noncontrolling interest, deferred taxes and certain other assets and liabilities. The final allocation is expected to be completed as soon as practicable but no later than twelve months after the acquisition date. Below is the estimated purchase price allocation related to the acquisition of GH: Net assets acquired Goodwill Total consideration Less: Cash acquired Contingent consideration Cash paid for acquisition, net of cash acquired $ In December 2014, the Company acquired all the outstanding capital stock of Saet S.p.A. (“Saet”) for $22.1 million in cash. Saet is a leader in the design, manufacturing and testing of induction heating equipment and heat treat solutions through its locations in Italy, China, India and Tennessee. The financial results of Saet are included in the Company’s Engineered Products segment from the date of acquisition. 54 $ (In millions) 24.7 6.1 30.8 (6.3) (1.1) 23.4 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) In October 2014, the Company acquired all the outstanding capital stock of Autoform Tool and Manufacturing (“Autoform”) for a total purchase consideration of $48.9 million in cash. The acquisition was funded from borrowings under the revolving credit facility provided by the Credit Agreement. Autoform is a supplier of high pressure fuel lines and fuel rails used in Gasoline Direct Injection systems across a large number of engine platforms. Autoform’s production facilities are located in Indiana. The financial results of Autoform are included in the Company’s Assembly Components segment from the date of acquisition. In June 2014, the Company acquired all the outstanding capital stock of Apollo Aerospace Group (“Apollo”) for $6.5 million, net of cash acquired. Apollo is a supply chain management services company providing Class C production components and supply chain solutions to aerospace customers worldwide. The financial results of Apollo are included in the Company’s Supply Technologies segment from the date of acquisition. The Apollo purchase agreement provided for potential payment of contingent consideration of up to $2.4 million based on achievement of certain EBITDA targets over two years. In the third quarter of 2016, the Company paid $2.0 million for this earn-out. NOTE 4 — Goodwill The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segment: Supply Technologies Assembly Components Engineered Products Total Balance at January 1, 2014 $ Acquisitions Foreign currency translation Balance at December 31, 2014 Acquisition adjustments Foreign currency translation Balance at December 31, 2015 GH acquisition Foreign currency translation $ 6.4 0.7 0.5 7.6 — (0.4) 7.2 — (1.1) $ (In millions) 49.0 5.0 — 54.0 0.1 — 54.1 — — $ 5.0 23.2 (0.3) 27.9 (6.3) (0.9) 20.7 6.1 (0.4) Balance at December 31, 2016 $ 6.1 $ 54.1 $ 26.4 $ 60.4 28.9 0.2 89.5 (6.2) (1.3) 82.0 6.1 (1.5) 86.6 Goodwill associated with the GH, Apollo and Saet acquisitions is not deductible for income tax purposes. Acquisition adjustments in 2015 relate primarily to measurement period adjustments to the valuation of the Saet acquisition from 2014. The 2014 consolidated financial statements have not been retroactively adjusted as these measurement period adjustments did not have a material impact on such statements. The 2014 increase relates to the acquisitions of Apollo, Autoform and Saet. 55 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) NOTE 5 — Other Intangible Assets Information regarding other intangible assets follows: Weighted Average Useful Life (Years) Customer relationships Indefinite-lived tradenames Technology Other Total 11.1 * 18.6 8.2 December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Gross Value Accumulated Amortization Net Value Gross Value Accumulated Amortization Net Value $ 75.5 $ 23.7 $ (In millions) 51.8 $ 76.0 $ 18.5 $ 57.5 22.4 23.0 4.0 * 1.8 2.8 22.4 21.2 1.2 18.7 15.9 4.1 * 0.9 2.5 $ 124.9 $ 28.3 $ 96.6 $ 114.7 $ 21.9 $ 18.7 15.0 1.6 92.8 * Not applicable. Tradenames have an indefinite life. As part of the GH acquisition, we acquired an estimated $7.5 million of technology and $4.4 million of indefinite-lived tradename assets. As described in Note 3, the fair value of these intangible assets is subject to the finalization of the fair value analysis, expected to be completed no later than twelve months after the acquisition date. Amortization expense of other intangible assets follows: Amortization expense Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 $ 6.1 (In millions) 6.4 $ $ 4.8 We estimate amortization expense for the five years subsequent to December 31, 2016 as follows: 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (In millions) 6.6 6.4 6.0 5.8 5.8 $ $ $ $ $ 56 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) NOTE 6 — Financing Arrangements Long-term debt consists of the following: Senior Notes Revolving credit facility Term loan Industrial Equipment Group European Facilities Capital leases Other Gross debt Less current portion of long-term debt Less short-term debt Less unamortized debt issuance costs (1) Total long-term debt, net Maturity Date Interest Rate at December 31, 2016 December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Carrying Value at $ April 1, 2021 July 31, 2019 July 31, 2019 December 21, 2021 Various Various 8.125% 2.80% 2.88% 3.25% Various Various (In millions) $ 250.0 132.8 23.4 26.4 18.8 23.6 475.0 (25.8) (5.0) (5.2) $ 439.0 $ 250.0 169.0 27.9 — 17.7 3.5 468.1 (17.8) — (4.5) 445.8 (1) Prior to the adoption of ASU 2015-03 in the first quarter of 2016, debt issuance costs of $4.5 million at December 31, 2015 were reflected in the consolidated balance sheet in Other long-term assets. Such amount was reclassified to Long-term debt for comparative purposes. On December 21, 2016, the Company, through its subsidiary, Industrial Equipment Group European Holding Company Limited subsidiary, entered into a financing agreement with Banco Bolbao Vizcaya Argentaria, S.A. The financing agreement provides the Company the ability to borrow up to $36.9 million, including a loan for $26.4 million for the acquisition of GH as well as a revolving credit facility for up to $10.5 million to fund working capital and general corporate needs. The full amount of the loan is outstanding as of December 31, 2016; no amounts have been drawn on the revolving credit facility as of December 31, 2016. In addition to the Agreement, the Company also assumed long-term debt of $8.9 million and short-term debt of $5.0 million as part of the GH acquisition. On April 22, 2016, the Company further amended its credit facility (the “Amended Credit Agreement”) to: • • • • • • increase the revolving credit facility to $300.0 million; increases the inventory advance rate from 50% to 60%, reducing back to 50% on a pro-rata quarterly basis over 36 months commencing July 1, 2016; reload the term loan up to $35.0 million, of which $23.4 million has been borrowed and is outstanding as of December 31, 2016; increases the Canadian sub-limit up to $35.0 million; increases the European sub-limit up to $25.0 million; and provide minor pricing adjustments including pricing the first $35.0 million drawn on the revolver at LIBOR + 3.50%, reducing automatically on a pro-rata quarterly basis over 36 months commencing July 1, 2016. Under the Amended Credit Agreement, a detailed borrowing base formula provides borrowing availability to the Company based on percentages of eligible accounts receivable and inventory. 57 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) At the Company’s election, domestic amounts borrowed under the revolving credit facility may be borrowed at either LIBOR plus 1.5% to 2.5%; or the bank’s prime lending rate minus 0.25% to 1.25%. The LIBOR-based interest rate is dependent on the Company’s debt service coverage ratio, as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement. Amounts borrowed under the Canadian revolving credit facility provided by the Amended Credit Agreement may be borrowed at either the Canadian deposit offered rate plus 1.5% to 2.5%; the Canadian prime lending rate plus 0.0% to 1.0%; or the US base rate plus 0.0% to 1.0%. On October 21, 2015, the Company, through its subsidiary, Southwest Steel Processing LLC, entered into a financing agreement with the Arkansas Development Finance Authority. The agreement provides the Company the ability to borrow up to $11.0 million for expansion of its manufacturing facility in Arkansas. The loan matures in September 2025. The Company has borrowed $6.2 million under this agreement as of December 31, 2016. On August 13, 2015, the Company entered into a capital lease agreement (the “Lease Agreement”). The Lease Agreement provides the Company up to $50.0 million for capital leases. See Note 10 for additional disclosure. The term loan is amortized based on a seven-year schedule with the balance due at maturity (July 31, 2019). The Amended Credit Agreement also reduced the commitment fee for the revolving credit facility. At the Company’s election, amounts borrowed under the term loan may be borrowed at either LIBOR plus 2.0% to 3.0%; or the bank’s prime lending rate minus 0.75% to plus 0.25%. At December 31, 2016, the Company had approximately $106.2 million of unused borrowing capacity under the revolving credit facility. The following table represents fair value information of the Company’s senior notes due 2021 (the “Senior Notes”), classified as Level 1, at December 31, 2016 and 2015. The fair value was estimated using quoted market prices. Carrying amount Fair value December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 $ $ (In millions) 250.0 257.5 $ $ 250.0 263.4 Maturities of short-term and long-term debt, excluding capital leases, during each of the five years subsequent to December 31, 2016 are as follows: 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (In millions) 24.7 20.8 138.4 8.1 263.1 $ $ $ $ $ Foreign subsidiaries of the Company had $42.4 million of borrowings at December 31, 2016 and $0.8 million at December 31, 2015 and outstanding bank guarantees of approximately $9.9 million and $3.9 million at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, under their credit arrangements. 58 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) The Senior Notes are general unsecured senior obligations of the Company and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a joint and several basis by all material 100% owned domestic subsidiaries of the Company. Provisions of the indenture governing the Senior Notes and the Credit Agreement contain restrictions on the Company’s ability to incur additional indebtedness, to create liens or other encumbrances, to make certain payments, investments, loans and guarantees and to sell or otherwise dispose of a substantial portion of assets or to merge or consolidate with an unaffiliated entity. At December 31, 2016, the Company was in compliance with all financial covenants of the Credit Agreement. The weighted average interest rate on all debt was 5.73% at December 31, 2016 and 5.47% at December 31, 2015. NOTE 7 — Income Taxes Income before income taxes consists of the following: United States Outside the United States Income taxes consists of the following: Current expense (benefit): Federal State Foreign Deferred expense (benefit): Federal State Foreign Income tax expense Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 (In millions) 2014 $ $ 15.4 25.6 41.0 $ $ 44.0 26.0 70.0 $ $ 53.1 18.7 71.8 Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 (In millions) 2014 $ (0.8) 0.2 6.6 6.0 1.6 0.5 0.7 2.8 8.8 $ 11.7 0.7 6.0 18.4 2.7 0.6 (0.4) 2.9 $ 21.3 $ 17.4 0.8 6.2 24.4 1.0 (0.8) 0.3 0.5 24.9 $ $ 59 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) A reconciliation of income tax expense computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate to income before income taxes as recorded is as follows: Tax at U.S. statutory rate Effect of state income taxes, net Effect of foreign operations Valuation allowance Uncertain tax positions Non-deductible items Non-deductible compensation Manufacturer’s deduction Other, net Total 2016 $ Year Ended December 31, 2015 (In millions) 2014 $ 14.3 0.2 (2.1) 0.5 (4.0) 0.6 0.8 (0.5) (1.0) $ 24.5 0.6 (1.6) (0.7) 0.1 0.5 1.2 (1.1) (2.2) $ 8.8 $ 21.3 $ Significant components of the Company’s net deferred income tax assets and liabilities are as follows: Deferred income tax assets: Postretirement benefit obligation Inventory Net operating loss and credit carryforwards Warranty reserve Accrued litigation Compensation Other Total deferred income tax assets Deferred income tax liabilities: Depreciation and amortization Pension Intangible assets Other Total deferred income tax liabilities Net deferred income tax liabilities prior to valuation allowances Valuation allowances Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 (In millions) $ $ 3.6 13.7 10.8 2.1 2.8 4.1 10.0 47.1 14.9 22.1 23.3 5.2 65.5 (18.4) (5.3) Net deferred income tax liability $ (23.7) $ 25.1 1.4 (0.9) (1.1) 0.3 1.0 0.8 (1.4) (0.3) 24.9 4.8 12.0 6.1 1.9 2.9 6.0 11.0 44.7 15.2 21.0 18.8 2.1 57.1 (12.4) (4.8) (17.2) At December 31, 2016, the Company has U.S., state and foreign net operating loss carryforwards for income tax purposes. The foreign net operating loss carryforward is $22.1 million, of which $5.5 million expires between 2017 and 2036 and the remainder has no expiration date. The Company has a tax benefit from a state net operating loss carryforward of $2.7 million that expires between 2017 and 2036. The Company also has a tax benefit from a non-consolidated U.S. net operating loss carryforward of $1.1 million that expires between 2035 and 2036. 60 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company was not in a cumulative three-year loss position and it was determined that it was more likely than not that its U.S. deferred tax assets will be realized. As of December 31, 2014, the Company reversed a valuation allowance of $1.3 million against its state net operating loss carryforward. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company recorded valuation allowances of $4.5 million and $4.2 million, respectively, against certain foreign net deferred tax assets. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income (including reversals of deferred tax liabilities). The Company reviews all valuation allowances related to deferred tax assets and will reverse these valuation allowances, partially or totally, when appropriate under ASC 740. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows: Unrecognized Tax Benefit — January 1, Gross Increases to Tax Positions Related to Prior Years Gross Decreases to Tax Positions Related to Prior Years Expiration of Statute of Limitations Unrecognized Tax Benefit — December 31, $ $ 2016 2015 (In millions) 2014 $ 6.3 0.3 — (3.7) $ 6.5 0.3 (0.1) (0.4) 2.9 $ 6.3 $ 5.9 0.8 (0.2) — 6.5 The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate is $2.4 million at December 31, 2016 and $5.5 million at December 31, 2015. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. During the year ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company recognized approximately $(1.4) million and $0.2 million, respectively, in net interest and penalties. The Company had approximately $0.4 million and $1.9 million for the payment of interest and penalties accrued at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. It is reasonably possible that within the next twelve months the amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits could be reduced by approximately $1.4 million as a result of the closure of tax statutes related to existing uncertain tax positions. The Company is subject to taxation in the U.S. and various state and foreign jurisdictions. The Company’s tax years for 2013 through 2016 remain open for examination by the Internal Revenue Service and 2012 through 2016 remain open for examination by various state and foreign taxing authorities. Deferred taxes have not been provided on approximately $131.1 million of undistributed earnings of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries as it is the Company’s policy and intent to permanently reinvest such earnings. The Company has determined that it is not practicable to determine the unrecognized tax liability on such undistributed earnings. 61 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) NOTE 8 — Share-Based Compensation A summary of stock option activity as of December 31, 2016 and changes during the year then ended is presented below: Outstanding — beginning of year Granted Exercised Canceled or expired Outstanding — end of year Options exercisable 2016 Weighted Average Exercise Price Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in millions) 19.41 — 19.60 — 19.30 19.30 1.1 1.1 $ $ 0.9 0.9 Number of Shares (in whole shares) 60,000 — (22,000) — 38,000 38,000 $ $ $ Exercise prices for options outstanding as of December 31, 2016 range from $15.61 to $24.92. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $0.9 million, $3.3 million and $0.1 million, respectively. Net cash proceeds from the exercise of stock options were $0.5 million, $1.2 million and $0, respectively. There were no stock options awarded in 2016, 2015 or 2014. A summary of restricted share and performance share activity for the year ended December 31, 2016 is as follows: Time-Based Performance-Based 2016 Number of Shares (in whole shares) 208,429 58,570 (126,083) 80,000 (4,000) $ 216,916 $ Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value 36.61 30.72 41.00 48.72 36.34 36.94 Number of Shares (in whole shares) 120,000 165,000 (40,000) (80,000) — $ 165,000 $ Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value 48.72 34.78 48.72 48.72 — 34.78 Outstanding — beginning of year Granted (a) Vested Performance- to time-based (b) Canceled or expired Outstanding — end of year Included in the granted amount are 6,020 restricted share units. (a) (b) During the second quarter of 2016, 40,000 of the performance-based restricted shares granted in 2015 fully vested based on achievement of the performance criteria. In accordance with the grant agreements, the remaining 80,000 shares became time-based, vesting over the remaining two years of the requisite service period. 62 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) During the first quarter of 2016, 1,500 shares were awarded, vested and expensed at the time of the award. The value of the award was immaterial. The Company recognized compensation expense of $10.6 million, $7.3 million and $5.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, relating to time-based shares and performance shares. The total fair value of restricted stock units vested during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $5.1 million, $9.0 million and $11.5 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2016, the Company had unrecognized compensation expense of $7.5 million, before taxes, related to stock option awards and restricted shares. The unrecognized compensation expense is expected to be recognized over a total weighted average period of 1.4 years. The number of shares available for future grants for all plans at December 31, 2016 is 367,977. NOTE 9 — Commitments, Contingencies and Litigation Judgment The Company is subject to various pending and threatened legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Although the Company cannot precisely predict the amount of any liability that may ultimately arise with respect to any of these matters, the Company records provisions when it considers the liability probable and reasonably estimable. Our provisions are based on historical experience and legal advice, reviewed quarterly and adjusted according to developments. Estimating probable losses requires the analysis of multiple forecasted factors that often depend on judgments about potential actions by third parties, such as regulators, courts, and state and federal legislatures. Changes in the amounts of our loss provisions, which can be material, affect our financial condition. Due to the inherent uncertainties in the process undertaken to estimate potential losses, we are unable to estimate an additional range of loss in excess of our accruals. While it is reasonably possible that such excess liabilities, if they were to occur, could be material to operating results in any given quarter or year of their recognition, we do not believe that it is reasonably possible that such excess liabilities would have a material adverse effect on our long-term results of operations, liquidity or consolidated financial position. Our subsidiaries are involved in a number of contractual and warranty related disputes. At this time, we cannot reasonably determine the probability of a loss, and the timing and amount of loss, if any, cannot be reasonably estimated. We believe that appropriate liabilities for these contingencies have been recorded; however, actual results may differ materially from our estimates. IPSCO Tubulars Inc. d/b/a TMK IPSCO sued Ajax Tocco Magnethermic Corporation (“ATM”), a subsidiary of Park-Ohio Holdings Corporation, in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas claiming that equipment supplied by ATM for heat treating certain steel pipe at IPSCO’s Blytheville, Arkansas facility did not perform as required by the contract. The complaint alleged causes of action for breach of contract, gross negligence and constructive fraud. IPSCO sought approximately $10 million in damages plus an unspecified amount of punitive damages. ATM denied the allegations. ATM subsequently obtained summary judgment on the constructive fraud claim, which was dismissed by the district court prior to trial. The remaining claims were the subject of a bench trial that occurred in May 2013. After IPSCO presented its case, the district court entered partial judgment in favor of ATM, dismissing the gross negligence claim, a portion of the breach of contract claim, and any claim for punitive damages. The trial proceeded with respect to the remainder of IPSCO’s claim for breach of contract. In September 2013, the district court issued a judgment in favor of IPSCO in the amount of $5.2 million, which the Company recognized and accrued for at that time. IPSCO subsequently filed a motion seeking to recover $3.8 million in attorneys’ fees and costs. The district court reserved ruling on that issue pending an appeal. In October 2013, ATM filed an appeal with the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit seeking reversal of the judgment in favor of IPSCO. In November 2013, IPSCO filed a cross- 63 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) appeal seeking reversal of the dismissal of its claim for gross negligence and punitive damages. The Eighth Circuit issued an opinion in March 2015 affirming in part, reversing in part, and remanding the case. It affirmed the district court’s determination that ATM was liable for breach of contract. It also affirmed the district court’s dismissal of IPSCO’s claim for gross negligence and punitive damages. However, the Eighth Circuit reversed nearly all of the damages awarded by the district court and remanded for further findings on the issue of damages, including whether consequential damages are barred under the express language of the contract. Because IPSCO did not appeal the award of $5.2 million in its favor, those damages could be decreased, but could not be increased, on remand. On remand, the district court entered an order once again awarding IPSCO $5.2 million In December 2015, ATM filed a second appeal with the Eighth Circuit seeking reversal of the damages award. That appeal is pending. In March 2016, the district court issued an order granting, in part, IPSCO’s motion for fees and costs and awarding $2.2 million to IPSCO, which the Company accrued for as of December 31, 2015. ATM filed a third appeal of that decision. As of December 31, 2016, the Company had $7.4 million accrued for this matter. In August 2013, we received a subpoena from the staff of the SEC in connection with the staff’s investigation of a third party. At that time, we also learned that the Department of Justice (“DOJ”) is conducting a criminal investigation of the third party. In connection with its initial response to the staff’s subpoena, we disclosed to the staff of the SEC that, in November 2007, the third party participated in a payment on behalf of us to a foreign tax official that implicates the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. The Board of Directors formed a special committee to review our transactions with the third party and to make any recommendations to the Board of Directors with respect thereto. The Company intends to cooperate fully with the SEC and the DOJ in connection with their investigations of the third party and with the SEC in light of the Company’s disclosure. The Company is unable to predict the outcome or impact of the special committee’s investigation or the length, scope or results of the SEC’s review or the impact on its results of operations. NOTE 10 — Lease Arrangements Future minimum lease commitments during each of the five years following December 31, 2016 and thereafter are as follows: 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Thereafter Total minimum lease payments Amounts representing interest Present value of minimum lease payments Current maturities Long-term capital lease obligation (In millions) Capital Leases Operating leases 15.8 11.9 8.0 5.4 3.8 17.6 62.5 $ $ $ 6.6 4.3 4.3 3.9 0.7 — 19.8 $ (1.0) 18.8 (6.1) 12.7 Rental expense for 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $18.5 million, $19.7 million and $18.6 million, respectively. Certain of the Company’s leases are with related parties at an annual rental expense of approximately $2.4 million. Transactions with related parties are not material to the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows. 64 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Assets recorded under capital leases are included in property, plant and equipment and consist of the following: Machinery and equipment Less accumulated depreciation December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 $ $ 20.4 2.3 18.1 $ $ 16.2 0.5 15.7 Amortization of machinery and equipment under capital leases is included in depreciation expense. Capital lease obligations of $18.8 million were borrowed from the $50.0 million Lease Agreement to acquire machinery and equipment during 2016. NOTE 11 — Pensions and Postretirement Benefits The Company and its subsidiaries have pension plans, principally noncontributory defined benefit or noncontributory defined contribution plans, covering substantially all employees. In addition, the Company has an unfunded postretirement benefit plan. One of its defined benefit plans, covering most U.S. employees not covered by collective bargaining agreements, utilizes a cash balance formula. Under a cash balance formula, a plan participant accumulates a retirement benefit consisting of pay credits that are based upon a percentage of current eligible earnings and current interest credits. For the remaining defined benefit plans, benefits are based on the employee’s years of service. For the defined contribution plans, the costs charged to operations and the amount funded are based upon a percentage of the covered employees’ compensation. The Company’s objective for the pension plan is to monitor the funded ratio; create general investment goals in regards to acceptable risk and liquidity needs ensuring the long-term interests of participants and beneficiaries are considered; and manage risk by minimizing the short-term and long-term risk of actual expenses and contribution requirements. 65 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) The following tables set forth the changes in benefit obligation, plan assets, funded status and amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheet for the defined benefit pension and postretirement benefit plans as of December 31, 2016 and 2015: Change in benefit obligation Benefit obligation at beginning of year Service cost Interest cost Actuarial losses (gains) Benefits and expenses paid, net of contributions Benefit obligation at end of year Change in plan assets Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year Actual return on plan assets Company contributions Cash transfer to fund postretirement benefit payments Benefits and expenses paid, net of contributions Fair value of plan assets at end of year Funded (underfunded) status of the plans $ $ $ $ $ Pension Benefits Postretirement Benefits 2016 2015 2016 2015 (In millions) 58.4 2.4 1.8 0.5 (4.6) 58.5 117.3 8.3 — (0.8) (4.6) 120.2 61.7 $ $ $ $ $ 61.1 2.6 2.3 (3.0) (4.6) 58.4 125.7 (2.9) — (0.9) (4.6) 117.3 58.9 $ $ $ $ $ $ 13.5 — 0.3 (2.6) (1.2) 10.0 $ — $ — 1.2 — (1.2) — $ 17.0 — 0.5 (2.7) (1.3) 13.5 — — 1.3 — (1.3) — (10.0) $ (13.5) Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets consist of: Pension assets Other current liabilities Other long-term liabilities Amounts recognized in Accumulated other comprehensive loss Net actuarial loss Net prior service cost (credit) Accumulated other comprehensive loss Pension Benefits 2016 2015 Postretirement Benefits 2016 2015 $ $ $ $ 61.7 — — 61.7 25.8 0.3 26.1 $ $ $ $ $ (In millions) 58.9 — — — $ 1.2 8.8 58.9 $ 10.0 $ 25.2 0.3 25.5 $ $ 1.7 (0.2) 1.5 $ $ — 1.4 12.1 13.5 4.4 (0.3) 4.1 66 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) The pension plan weighted-average asset allocation at December 31, 2016 and 2015 and target allocation for 2017 are as follows: Asset Category Equity securities Debt securities Other Plan Assets Target 2017 2016 2015 45-75% 20-40% 0-20% 100% 61.9% 24.6% 13.5% 100% 62.7% 25.4% 11.9% 100% The following table sets forth, by level within the fair value hierarchy, the pension plans assets: Common stock Equity Funds Foreign Stock U.S. Government obligations Fixed income funds Corporate Bonds Cash and Cash Equivalents Total Investments measured at net asset value: Common collective trust Hedge funds 2016 2015 Level 1 Total (at Fair Value) Level 1 Total (at Fair Value) $ 40.0 29.0 5.4 8.1 14.1 6.3 3.3 $ 106.2 (In millions) $ $ 38.3 29.1 5.7 7.4 14.6 6.8 1.2 $ 103.1 $ 40.0 29.0 5.4 8.1 14.1 6.3 3.3 1.1 12.9 38.3 29.1 5.7 7.4 14.6 6.8 1.2 1.5 12.7 Total assets at fair value $ 120.2 $ 117.3 The following tables summarize the assumptions used in the valuation of pension and postretirement benefit obligations at December 31 and the measurement of the net periodic benefit cost in the following year. Discount rate Expected return on plan assets Rate of compensation increase Medical health care benefits rate increase Medical drug benefits rate increase Ultimate health care cost trend rate Year of ultimate trend rate Weighted-Average assumptions as of December 31, Pension Benefits Postretirement Benefits 2016 2015 2014 2016 2015 2014 3.91% 8.25% 3.00% N/A N/A N/A N/A 4.13% 8.25% 3.00% N/A N/A N/A N/A 3.82% 8.25% 3.00% N/A N/A N/A N/A 3.63% N/A N/A 6.50% 6.50% 5.00% 2025 3.80% N/A N/A 6.75% 6.75% 5.00% 2022 3.60% N/A N/A 7.00% 7.00% 5.00% 2022 In determining its expected return on plan assets assumption for the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company considered historical experience, its asset allocation, expected future long-term rates of return for each major asset class, and an assumed long-term inflation rate. This assumption was supported by the asset return generation model, which projected future asset returns using simulation and asset class correlation. 67 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Effective December 31, 2015, the Company adopted a change in the method used to estimate the service and interest cost components of net periodic benefit cost for its defined benefit pension plans. Historically, the service and interest cost components were estimated using a single weighted-average discount rate derived from the yield curve used to measure the benefit obligation at the beginning of the period. For 2016, the Company used a spot rate approach by applying the specific spot rates along the yield curve to the relevant projected cash flows in the estimation of the service and interest components of benefit cost, resulting in a more precise measurement. These spot rates were determined as of the measurement date of December 31, 2015. This change does not affect the measurement of total benefit obligations. The change was accounted for as a change in estimate and, accordingly, was accounted for prospectively starting in 2016. The spot rates used to determine service and interest costs ranged from 3.29% to 4.19% for the U.S. pension plan. The reductions in service and interest costs for 2016 associated with this change were $0.1 million and $0.5 million, respectively. Similar to the changes in the discount rate approach discussed for the pension plans above, effective December 31, 2015, we elected to use an approach that discounts the individual expected cash flows underlying interest and service costs using the applicable spot rates derived from the yield curve used to determine the benefit obligation to the relevant projected cash flows. The spot rates used to determine service and interest costs ranged from 2.93% to 4.43% for the postretirement benefit plans. The reductions in service and interest costs in 2016 associated with this change were $0.0 million and $0.1 million, respectively. Components of net periodic benefit cost Service costs Interest costs Expected return on plan assets Amortization of prior service cost (credit) Recognized net actuarial loss Benefit (income) costs Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss AOCI at beginning of year Net loss (gain) arising during the year Recognition of prior service credit Recognition of actuarial loss Total recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss at end of year Pension Benefits Postretirement Benefits 2016 2015 2014 2016 2015 2014 (In millions) $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 2.4 1.8 (9.4) — 1.1 (4.1) 25.5 1.7 — (1.1) 2.6 2.3 (10.2) — 0.3 (5.0) 15.7 10.1 — (0.3) 2.2 2.2 (10.1) 0.1 — (5.6) 2.2 13.1 — 0.4 $ $ $ — $ 0.3 — — $ 0.6 — (0.1) 0.1 0.3 4.1 (2.6) 0.1 (0.1) $ $ (0.1) 0.5 1.0 7.2 (2.7) 0.1 (0.5) $ $ — 0.6 — (0.1) 0.5 1.0 5.8 1.8 0.1 (0.5) $ 26.1 $ 25.5 $ 15.7 $ 1.5 $ 4.1 $ 7.2 The estimated net loss, prior service cost and net transition obligation for the defined benefit pension plans that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income into net periodic benefit cost over the year ending December 31, 2017 is $1.1 million. The estimated net loss and prior service cost for the postretirement plans that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income into net periodic benefit cost over the year ending December 31, 2017 is less than $0.1 million. 68 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Below is a table summarizing the Company’s expected future benefit payments and the expected payments due to Medicare subsidy over the next ten years: 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 to 2026 Pension Benefits Gross Postretirement Benefits Expected Medicare Subsidy Net including Medicare Subsidy $ $ 4.7 4.4 4.3 4.5 4.6 23.4 $ (In millions) 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 4.0 $ 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 3.5 The Company has a postretirement benefit plan. Under the plan, health care benefits are provided on both a contributory and noncontributory basis. The assumed health care cost trend rate has a significant effect on the amounts reported. A one-percentage-point change in the assumed health care cost trend rate would have the following effects: Effect on total of service and interest cost components in 2016 Effect on postretirement benefit obligation as of December 31, 2016 1-Percentage Point Increase 1-Percentage Point Decrease $ $ (In millions) — $ $ 0.7 — (0.6) The Company expects to make no contributions to its defined benefit plans in 2017. In January 2008, a Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (“SERP”) for the Company’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) was approved by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company. The SERP provides an annual supplemental retirement benefit for up to $0.4 million upon the CEO’s termination of employment with the Company. The vested retirement benefit will be equal to a percentage of the SERP that is equal to the ratio of: (1) his credited service with the Company prior to January 1, 2008 (up to a maximum of thirteen years), plus his credited service after January 1, 2008 (up to a maximum of seven years) to (2) twenty years of credited service. In the event of a change in control before the CEO’s termination of employment, he will receive 100% of the SERP. The Company recorded income of $0.2 million in 2016, and expense of $0.6 million in 2015 and $0.5 million in 2014 related to the SERP. 69 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) NOTE 12 — Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) The components of and changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014 were as follows: Cumulative Translation Adjustment Pension and Postretirement Benefits Total Balance at January 1, 2014 $ Foreign currency translation adjustments (a) Pension and OPEB activity, net of tax adjustments (b) Balance at December 31, 2014 Foreign currency translation adjustments (a) Pension and OPEB activity, net of tax adjustments (b) Balance at December 31, 2015 Foreign currency translation adjustments (a) Pension and OPEB activity, net of tax adjustments (b) 2.8 (7.9) — (5.1) (11.8) — (16.9) (13.9) — (In millions) $ 0.6 — (9.5) $ (8.9) — (4.2) (13.1) — 1.2 Balance at December 31, 2016 $ (30.8) $ (11.9) $ 3.4 (7.9) (9.5) (14.0) (11.8) (4.2) (30.0) (13.9) 1.2 (42.7) (a) No income taxes are provided on foreign currency translation adjustments as foreign earnings are considered permanently invested. (b) The tax adjustments are reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income and included in income tax expense. NOTE 13 — Subsequent Events On January 31, 2017, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.125 per common share. The dividend was paid on March 1, 2017, to shareholders of record as of the close of business on February 15, 2017 and resulted in a cash outlay of approximately $1.6 million. 70 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) NOTE 14 — Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited) 2016 Net sales Gross profit Net income Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest Net income attributable to ParkOhio common shareholders Earnings per common share attributable to ParkOhio common shareholders: Basic Diluted Cash dividends per common share 2015 Net sales Gross profit Net income Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest Net income attributable to ParkOhio common shareholders Earnings per common share attributable to ParkOhio common shareholders: Basic Diluted Cash dividends per common share Quarter Ended Mar. 31, Jun. 30, Sept. 30, Dec. 31, (Dollars in millions, except per share data) $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 328.0 47.8 2.7 — 2.7 0.22 0.22 0.125 374.7 58.4 11.1 (0.3) 10.8 0.89 0.87 0.125 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 329.4 54.3 9.0 — 9.0 0.74 0.73 0.125 377.3 60.4 12.6 (0.2) 12.4 1.02 1.00 0.125 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 312.7 54.3 13.8 (0.3) 13.5 1.12 1.10 0.125 364.4 62.3 13.2 — 13.2 1.07 1.06 0.125 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 306.8 46.6 6.7 (0.2) 6.5 0.53 0.53 0.125 347.4 54.1 11.8 (0.1) 11.7 0.96 0.95 0.125 An asset impairment charge of $4.0 million was recorded in the first quarter of 2016 due to the accelerated end of production in certain programs with an automotive customer. In March 2016, the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas issued an order granting, in part, IPSCO’s motion for fees and costs and awarding $2.2 million to IPSCO, which the Company accrued for in the fourth quarter of 2015. 71 Supplementary Financial Data Schedule II PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. SCHEDULE II — VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS AND RESERVES Description Year Ended December 31, 2016: Allowances deducted from assets: Trade receivable allowances Inventory obsolescence reserve Tax valuation allowances Year Ended December 31, 2015: Allowances deducted from assets: Trade receivable allowances Inventory obsolescence reserve Tax valuation allowances Year Ended December 31, 2014: Allowances deducted from assets: Trade receivable allowances Inventory obsolescence reserve Tax valuation allowances Balance at Beginning of Period Charged to Costs and Expenses Deductions and Other Balance at End of Period $ $ $ $ $ $ 3.3 29.0 4.8 4.1 29.9 7.1 3.7 28.4 2.6 (In millions) $ $ $ 1.5 6.0 0.5 0.4 4.2 (0.7) 0.3 8.4 (1.1) $ $ $ (0.8) (A) (4.8) (B) — (C) (1.2) (A) (5.1) (B) (1.6) (C) 0.1 (A) (6.9) (B) 5.6 (C) 4.0 30.2 5.3 3.3 29.0 4.8 4.1 29.9 7.1 Note (A)- Uncollectable accounts written off, net of recoveries. Note (B)- Amounts written off, net of acquired reserves. Note (C)- Amounts accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting. 72 Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure None. Item 9A. Controls and Procedures Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures As of the end of the period covered by this report, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and our Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”). Management has excluded GH from its assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls because GH was acquired in December 2016. As of December 31, 2016, GH constituted approximately seven percent of the Company’s total assets. Based upon this evaluation, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and Vice President and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective. Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act. As required by Rule 13a-15(c) under the Exchange Act, management carried out an evaluation, with participation of our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016. The framework on which such evaluation was based is contained in the report entitled “Internal Control — Integrated Framework” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 Framework) (the “COSO Report”). Management’s assessment and conclusion on the effectiveness of internal controls over financial reporting did not include the internal controls of GH, which constituted approximately seven percent of the Company’s total assets as of December 31, 2016. Based upon the evaluation described above under the framework contained in the COSO Report, our management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2016. Ernst & Young LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, who audited the consolidated financial statements of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2016, also audited the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting, excluding GH. Their report is set forth on page 37 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and is incorporated by reference into this Item 9A. Changes in internal control over financial reporting There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the fourth quarter of 2016 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Item 9B. Other Information None. 73 Part III Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance The information concerning directors, the identification of the audit committee and the audit committee financial expert and our code of ethics required under this item is incorporated herein by reference from the material contained under the captions “Election of Directors” and “Corporate Governance,” as applicable, in our definitive proxy statement for the 2017 annual meeting of shareholders to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A not later than 120 days after the close of the fiscal year (the “Proxy Statement”). The information concerning Section 16(a) beneficial ownership reporting compliance is incorporated herein by reference from the material contained under the caption “Principal Shareholders — Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” in the Proxy Statement. Information relating to executive officers is contained in Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Item 11. Executive Compensation The information relating to executive officer and director compensation and the compensation committee report contained under the heading “Executive Compensation” in the Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference. The information relating to compensation committee interlocks contained under the heading “Corporate Governance — Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation” in the Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference. Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters The information required under this item is incorporated herein by reference from the material contained under the caption “Principal Shareholders” in the Proxy Statement, except that information required by Item 201(d) of Regulation S-K can be found below. The following table provides information about our common stock that may be issued under our equity compensation plan as of December 31, 2016. Equity Compensation Plan Information Plan Category Equity compensation plans approved by security holders (1) Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders Total Number of securities to be issued upon exercise price of outstanding options warrants and rights (a) Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights (b) Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a)) (c) 38,000 — 38,000 $ $ 19.29 — 19.29 367,977 — 367,977 (1) Includes our 2015 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan. 74 Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence The information required under this item is incorporated herein by reference to the material contained under the captions “Corporate Governance Director Independence” and “Transactions With Related Persons” in the Proxy Statement. Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services The information required under this item is incorporated herein by reference to the material contained under the caption “Audit Committee — Independent Auditor Fee Information” in the Proxy Statement. 75 Part IV Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules (a)(1) The following financial statements are included in Part II, Item 8 of this annual report on Form 10-K: Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consolidated Balance Sheets — December 31, 2016 and 2015 Consolidated Statements of Income — Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income — Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity — Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows — Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited) — Years Ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 (2) Financial Statement Schedules The following consolidated financial statement schedule of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. is included in Item 8: Schedule II — Valuation and Qualifying accounts Page 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 71 72 All other schedules for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulations of the SEC are not required under the related instructions or are not applicable and, therefore, have been omitted. (3) Exhibits: The exhibits filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K are listed on the Exhibit Index immediately preceding such exhibits and are incorporated herein by reference. 76 Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized. SIGNATURES PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. (Registrant) /s/ Patrick W. Fogarty By: Name: Patrick W. Fogarty Title: Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) Date: March 9, 2017 Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated. * Edward F. Crawford * Patrick W. Fogarty * Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) Matthew V. Crawford President, Chief Operating Officer and Director * Patrick V. Auletta Director * John D. Grampa Director * A. Malachi Mixon, III Director * Dan T. Moore, III Director * Ronna Romney Director * Steven H. Rosen Director * James W. Wert Director March 9, 2017 * The undersigned, pursuant to a Power of Attorney executed by each of the directors and officers identified above and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, by signing his name hereto, does hereby sign and execute this report on behalf of each of the persons noted above, in the capacities indicated. March 9, 2017 By: /s/ ROBERT D. VILSACK Robert D. Vilsack, Attorney-in-Fact 77 Exhibit 3.1 3.2 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 EXHIBIT INDEX ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. For the Year Ended December 31, 2016 Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Form 10-K of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. for the year ended December 31, 1998, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated by reference and made a part hereof) Code of Regulations of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. (filed as Exhibit 3.2 to the Form 10-K of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. for the year ended December 31, 1998, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated by reference and made a part hereof) Sixth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated July 31, 2014, among Industries, the other Loan Parties (as defined therein), the Lenders (as defined therein), JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent, JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., Toronto Branch, as Canadian Agent, JP Morgan Europe Limited, as European agent, RBS Business Capital, as Syndication Agent, KeyBank National Association and First National Bank of Pennsylvania, as Co-Documentation Agents, U.S. Bank National Association, as Co-Documentation Agent and Joint Bookrunner, PNC Bank, National Association , as Joint Bookrunner, and J.P. Morgan Securities, Inc. as Sole Lead Arranger and Bookrunning Manager (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 10-Q of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp., filed on November 10, 2014, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated by reference and made a part hereof) Amendment No. 1 to Sixth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated October 24, 2014, among Park-Ohio Industries, Inc. and RB&W Corporation of Canada, as borrowers, the Ex-Im Borrowers party to the Credit Agreement (as defined therein) the other Loan Parties party to the Credit Agreement, the lenders party to the Credit Agreement, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Toronto Branch, as Canadian Agent and JPMorgan Europe Limited, as European Agent (filed as Exhibit 4.2 to the Form 10-K of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp., filed on March 16, 2015, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated by reference and made a part hereof) Amendment No. 2 to Sixth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated January11, 2015, among Park-Ohio Industries, Inc. and RB&W Corporation of Canada, as borrowers, the Ex-Im Borrowers party to the Credit Agreement (as defined therein) the other Loan Parties party to the Credit Agreement, the lenders party to the Credit Agreement, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Toronto Branch, as Canadian Agent and JPMorgan Europe Limited, as European Agent (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 10-Q of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp., filed on May 11, 2015, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated by reference and made a part hereof) Amendment No. 3 to Sixth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated March 12, 2015, among Park-Ohio Industries, Inc. and RB&W Corporation of Canada, as borrowers, the Ex-Im Borrowers party to the Credit Agreement (as defined therein) the other Loan Parties party to the Credit Agreement, the lenders party to the Credit Agreement, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Toronto Branch, as Canadian Agent and JPMorgan Europe Limited, as European Agent (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Form 10-Q of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp., filed on May 11, 2015, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated by reference and made a part hereof) 78 Exhibit 4.5 4.6 10.1 10.2* 10.3* 10.4* 10.5* 10.6* 10.7* 10.8* 10.9* 10.10* Amendment No. 4 to the Sixth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated April 22, 2016, among Park-Ohio Industries, Inc. and RB&W Corporation of Canada, as borrowers, the Ex-Im Borrowers party to the Credit Agreement (as defined therein) the other Loan Parties party to the Credit Agreement, the lenders party to the Credit Agreement, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Toronto Branch, as Canadian Agent and JPMorgan Europe Limited, as European Agent. (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 10-Q of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. filed on August 9, 2016, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated herein by reference and made a part hereof) Indenture, dated as of April 7, 2011, among Park-Ohio Industries, Inc., the Guarantors (as defined therein) and Wells Fargo Bank, NA, as trustee (filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Form 8-K of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. filed on April 13, 2011, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated herein by reference and made a part hereof) Form of Indemnification Agreement entered into between Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and each of its directors and certain officers (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 10-K of Park- Ohio Holdings Corp. for the year ended December 31, 1998, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated by reference and made a part hereof) Amended and Restated 1998 Long-Term Incentive Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp., filed on May 30, 2012, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated by reference and made a part hereof) 2015 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan (filed as Exhibit 4.4 to Form S-8 of Park- Ohio Holdings Corp., filed on June 4, 2015, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated by reference and made a part hereof) Form of Restricted Share Agreement between the Company and each non-employee director (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp., filed on January 25, 2005, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated herein by reference and made a part hereof) Form of Restricted Share Agreement for Employees (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 10-Q for Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. for the quarter ended September 30, 2006, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated herein by reference and made a part hereof) Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement (filed as Exhibit 10.5 to Form 10-K of Park- Ohio Holdings Corp. for the year ended December 31, 2004, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated by reference and made a part hereof) Form of Non-Statutory Stock Option Agreement (filed as Exhibit 10.6 to Form 10-K of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. for the year ended December 31, 2004, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated herein by reference and made a part hereof) Park-Ohio Industries, Inc. Annual Cash Bonus Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Form 10-Q for Park-Ohio Holdings Corp, filed August 10, 2015, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated by reference and made a part hereof) Form of Performance Based Restricted Share Agreement (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 10-Q of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. filed August 10, 2015, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated by reference and made a part hereof) Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan for Edward F. Crawford, effective as of March 10, 2008 (filed as Exhibit 10.9 to Form 10-K of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. for the year ended December 31, 2007, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated by reference and made a part hereof) 79 Exhibit 10.11* 10.12* 10.13 21.1 23.1 24.1 31.1 31.2 32.1 101.INS 101.SCH 101.CAL 101.DEF 101.LAB 101.PRE Non-qualified Defined Contribution Retirement Benefit Letter Agreement for Edward F. Crawford, dated March 10, 2008 (filed as Exhibit 10.10 to Form 10-K of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. for the year ended December 31, 2007, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated by reference and made a part hereof) 2009 Director Supplemental Defined Contribution Plan of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. (Filed as Exhibit 10 to Form 10-Q of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. filed May 10, 2011, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated by reference and made a part hereof) Confidential Separation Agreement and General Release between Park-Ohio Industries, Inc. and Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and W. Scott Emerick (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 10-Q of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp., filed on November 9, 2015, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated by reference and made a part hereof) List of Subsidiaries of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Power of Attorney Principal Executive Officer’s Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Principal Financial Officer’s Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Certification requirement under Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 XBRL Instance Document XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document * Reflects management contract or other compensatory arrangement required to be filed as an exhibit pursuant to Item 15(c) of this Report. 80 PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER’S CERTIFICATIONS PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 Exhibit 31.1 I, Edward F. Crawford, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp.; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. By: /s/ Edward F. Crawford Name: Edward F. Crawford Title: Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Dated: March 9, 2017 PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER’S CERTIFICATIONS PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 Exhibit 31.2 I, Patrick W. Fogarty, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp.; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. By: /s/ Patrick W. Fogarty Name: Patrick W. Fogarty Title: Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Dated: March 9, 2017 CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 Exhibit 32.1 In connection with the Annual Report of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2016, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), each of the undersigned officers of the Company certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to such officer’s knowledge: (1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and (2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company as of the dates and for the periods expressed in the Report. By: /s/ Edward F. Crawford Name: Edward F. Crawford Title: Chairman and Chief Executive Officer By: /s/ Patrick W. Fogarty Name: Patrick W. Fogarty Title: Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Dated: March 9, 2017 The foregoing certification is being furnished solely pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350 and is not being filed as part of the Report or as a separate disclosure document. THIS PAGE IS NOT PART OF PARKOHIO’S FORM 10-K FILING ParkOhio Performance Graph The following graph compares the cumulative total return of ParkOhio’s common stock for the five-year period ending December 31, 2016, against the cumulative total return of the S&P 500 SmallCap 600 Index (broad market comparison) and the NASDAQ Stock Market (US Companies) (line of business comparison). The graph and table assume $100 was invested on December 31, 2011, and that all dividends were reinvested. Comparison of Five Year Cumulative Total Return 400.00 350.00 300.00 250.00 200.00 150.00 100.00 50.00 0.00 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Legend Symbol CRSP Total Returns Index For: 12/2011 12/2012 12/2013 12/2014 12/2015 12/2016 Park-Ohio Holdings Corp S&P Smallcap 600 Index NASDAQ Stock Market (US Companies) 100.00 100.00 100.00 119.45 116.33 118.26 293.72 164.38 164.83 355.80 173.84 190.07 210.07 170.41 204.70 247.69 215.67 224.75 / • (cid:2) Notes: A. B. C. D. The lines represent monthly index levels derived from compounded daily returns that include all dividends. The indexes are reweighted daily, using the market capitalization on the previous trading day. If the monthly interval, based on the fiscal year-end, is not a trading day, the preceding trading day is used. The index level for all series was set to $100.00 on 12/31/2011. NOTE: Prepared by Zacks Investment Research, Inc. Used with permission. All rights reserved. Copyright 1980-2017. NOTE: Index Data: Copyright Standard and Poor’s, Inc. Used with permission. All rights reserved. NOTE: Index Data: Calculated (or Derived) based from CRSP NASDAQ Stock Market (US Companies), Center for Research in Security Prices (CRSP®), Graduate School of Business, The University of Chicago. Copyright 2017. Used with permission. All rights reserved. Board of Directors Edward F. Crawford (a)(d) Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Matthew V. Crawford (a)(d) President and Chief Operating Officer Patrick V. Auletta (a) President Emeritus KeyBank National Association John D. Grampa (b) Retired Chief Financial Officer Materion Corporation A. Malachi Mixon III (d) Retired Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Invacare Corporation Officers Dan T. Moore III (d)(e) Chief Executive Officer Dan T. Moore Co. Ronna Romney (c)(e) Director Molina Healthcare, Inc. Steven H. Rosen (b)(c) Co-Chief Executive Officer Resilience Capital Partners James W. Wert (b)(e) Chief Executive Officer and President CM Wealth Advisors, Inc. (a) Executive Committee (b) Audit Committee (c) Compensation Committee (d) Long-Range Planning Committee (e) Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee Edward F. Crawford Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Patrick W. Fogarty Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Matthew V. Crawford President and Chief Operating Officer Robert D. Vilsack Secretary and Chief Legal Officer Shareholder Information and Press Releases ParkOhio files Forms 10-K and 10-Q with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Shareholders may obtain copies of these reports, including ParkOhio’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2016, and copies of ParkOhio’s Annual Report to Shareholders, without charge, by accessing the Company’s website at www.pkoh.com or by writing or calling: Corporate Secretary Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. 6065 Parkland Boulevard Cleveland, Ohio 44124 (440) 947-2000 www.pkoh.com ParkOhio’s recent news releases may also be accessed through its website. ParkOhio World Headquarters Please send your suggestions or recommendations to investor@pkoh.com or mail them to our headquarters. Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. ~ 6065 Parkland Boulevard ~ Cleveland, OH 44124 ~ 440-947-2000 ~ www.pkoh.com 

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