Annual Report 2020 To Our Fellow Shareholders: We are pleased to have ended the year with continued strengthening in the performance of our diversified business. Despite the challenges of last year, 2020 will be remembered as the year during which we realigned our business and created a stronger foundation for future growth. Our areas of greatest focus included lowering our cost to serve our global customer base and refining our allocation of capital towards our most strategic products and services. While we continue to see the lingering effects of the pandemic, we are positioned to see improving sales and quality of earnings as our end markets continue to recover. I want to again thank our associates for meeting the unique challenges of 2020 and supporting our customers during an extremely difficult time. Matthew V. Crawford Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer (cid:94)(cid:346)(cid:349)(cid:393)(cid:3)(cid:410)(cid:381)(cid:3)(cid:94)(cid:258)(cid:367)(cid:286)(cid:400)(cid:3)(cid:271)(cid:455)(cid:3)(cid:39)(cid:286)(cid:381)(cid:336)(cid:396)(cid:258)(cid:393)(cid:346)(cid:349)(cid:272)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:286)(cid:336)(cid:349)(cid:381)(cid:374) (cid:94)(cid:258)(cid:367)(cid:286)(cid:400)(cid:3)(cid:271)(cid:455)(cid:3)(cid:17)(cid:437)(cid:400)(cid:349)(cid:374)(cid:286)(cid:400)(cid:400)(cid:3)(cid:94)(cid:286)(cid:336)(cid:373)(cid:286)(cid:374)(cid:410) 8% 1% 7% 12% 10% Supply Technologies Assembly Components Engineered Products United States 27% 39% Asia Europe Canada Mexico Other $73 62% $80 $70 $60 $50 $40 $30 $20 $10 $0 34% (cid:18)(cid:258)(cid:400)(cid:346)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:367)(cid:381)(cid:449)(cid:3)(cid:296)(cid:396)(cid:381)(cid:373)(cid:3)(cid:75)(cid:393)(cid:286)(cid:396)(cid:258)(cid:410)(cid:349)(cid:381)(cid:374)(cid:400) (cid:894)(cid:349)(cid:374)(cid:3)(cid:373)(cid:349)(cid:367)(cid:367)(cid:349)(cid:381)(cid:374)(cid:400)(cid:895) $55 $47 $69 $64 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2020 FORM 10-K [THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK] UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K (Mark One) ‘ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 or ‘ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 to For the transition period from Commission file number: 000-03134 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Ohio 34-1867219 (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 6065 Parkland Boulevard, Cleveland, Ohio (Address of principal executive offices) 44124 (Zip Code) Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (440) 947-2000 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered Common Stock, Par Value $1.00 Per Share PKOH The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. is a successor issuer to Park-Ohio Industries, Inc. Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ‘ No Í Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ‘ No Í Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes Í No ‘ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes Í No ‘ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer Non-accelerated filer ‘ ‘ Í Accelerated filer Smaller reporting company ‘ Emerging growth company ‘ If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ‘ Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ‘ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ‘ Yes ‘ No Aggregate market value of the registrant’s Common Stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant: Approximately $227,923,175 based on the closing price of $16.59 per share of the registrant’s Common Stock on June 30, 2020. Number of shares outstanding of registrant’s Common Stock, par value $1.00 per share, as of February 26, 2021: 12,579,619. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on or about May 27, 2021 are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K. [THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK] PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. FORM 10-K ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS Item No. PART I. 1. 1A. 1B. 2. 3. 4. Business Risk Factors Unresolved Staff Comments Properties Legal Proceedings Mine Safety Disclosures PART II. 5. 6. 7. Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Selected Financial Data Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 8. 9. 9A. 9B. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure Controls and Procedures Other Information PART III 10. 11. 12 13. 14. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance Executive Compensation Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence Principal Accountant Fees and Services PART IV. 15. 16. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules Form 10-K Summary Signatures Page 2 9 19 19 21 22 23 24 25 37 38 72 72 72 73 73 73 73 73 74 76 77 1 Part I Item 1. Business Overview Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. (“Holdings” or “ParkOhio”), incorporated in Ohio since 1998, is a diversified international company providing world-class customers with a supply chain management outsourcing service, capital equipment used on their production lines, and manufactured components used to assemble their products. References herein to “we” or “the Company” include, where applicable, Holdings and Park-Ohio Industries, Inc. and Holdings’ other direct and indirect subsidiaries. The Company operates through three reportable segments: Supply Technologies, Assembly Components and Engineered Products. As of December 31, 2020, we employed approximately 6,500 people. 2 The following table summarizes the key attributes of each of our business segments: Supply Technologies Assembly Components Engineered Products NET SALES FOR 2020 SELECTED PRODUCTS SELECTED INDUSTRIES SERVED $510.1 million $441.5 million $343.6 million • Extruded and molded rubber and thermoplastic products • Fuel filler assemblies • Gasoline direct injection systems • Control arms • Knuckles • Engine cradles and brackets • Oil pans • Automotive and light vehicle • Agricultural equipment • Construction equipment • Heavy-duty truck • Marine equipment • Bus • Induction heating and melting systems • Pipe threading systems • Industrial oven systems • Forging presses • Forged steel and machined products • Ferrous and non-ferrous metals • Coatings • Forging • Foundry • Heavy-duty truck • Construction equipment • Automotive • Oil and gas • Rail • Aerospace and defense • Power generation Sourcing, planning and procurement of over 240,000 production components, including: • Fasteners • Pins • Valves • Hoses • Wire harnesses • Clamps and fittings • Rubber and plastic components • Other Class C and MRO products • Heavy-duty truck • Power sports and recreational equipment • Aerospace and defense • Semiconductor equipment • Electrical distribution and controls • Consumer electronics • Bus and coaches • Automotive • Agricultural and construction equipment • HVAC • Lawn and garden • Plumbing • Medical devices The Company consists of the following segments: Supply Technologies Our Supply Technologies business provides our customers with Total Supply Management™, a proactive solutions approach that manages the efficiencies of every aspect of supplying production parts and materials to our customers’ manufacturing floor, from strategic planning to program implementation. Total Supply Management™ includes engineering and design support, part usage and cost analysis, supplier selection, quality assurance, bar coding, product packaging and tracking, just-in-time and point-of-use delivery, electronic billing services and ongoing technical support. We operate more than 60 logistics service centers in the United States, Mexico, Canada, Czech Republic, Puerto Rico, Scotland, Hungary, China, Taiwan, Singapore, India, England, France, Spain, Poland, Malaysia, Northern Ireland and Ireland, as well as production sourcing and support centers in the United States and Asia. Through our supply chain management programs, we supply more than 3 240,000 globally-sourced production components, many of which are specialized and customized to meet individual customers’ needs. Total Supply Management™ provides our customers with an expert partner in strategic planning, global sourcing, technical services, parts and materials, logistics, distribution and inventory management of production components. Some production components are characterized by low per unit supplier prices relative to the indirect costs of supplier management, quality assurance, inventory management and delivery to the production line. In addition, Supply Technologies delivers an increasingly broad range of higher-value production components including valves, fuel hose assemblies, electro-mechanical hardware, labels, fittings, steering components and many others. Applications engineering specialists and the direct sales force work closely with the engineering staff of OEM customers to recommend the appropriate production components for a new product or to suggest alternative components that reduce overall production costs, streamline assembly or enhance the appearance or performance of the end product. Supply Technologies also provides spare parts and aftermarket products to end users of its customers’ products. Total Supply Management™ is typically provided to customers pursuant to sole-source arrangements. We believe our approach distinguishes us from traditional buy/sell distributors, as well as manufacturers who supply products directly to customers, because we provide the supply chain management of our customers’ high-volume production components. We administer the processes customized to each customer’s needs by replacing numerous current suppliers with a sole-source relationship with Supply Technologies. Our highly-developed, customized information systems provide global transparency and flexibility through the complete supply chain. This enables our customers to: (1) significantly reduce the direct and indirect cost of production component processes by outsourcing internal purchasing, quality assurance and inventory fulfillment responsibilities; (2) reduce the amount of working capital invested in inventory and floor space; (3) reduce component costs through purchasing efficiencies, including bulk buying and supplier consolidation; and (4) receive technical expertise in production component selection, design and engineering. Our sole-source arrangements foster long- term, entrenched supply relationships with our customers and, as a result, the average tenure of service for our top 50 Supply Technologies clients exceeds ten years. Supply Technologies also supplies wholesale industrial products to other manufacturers and distributors pursuant to master or authorized distributor relationships. The Supply Technologies segment also engineers and manufactures precision cold-formed and cold- extruded fasteners and other products, including locknuts, SPAC® nuts, SPAC® bolts and wheel hardware, which are principally used in applications where controlled tightening is required due to high vibration. Supply Technologies produces both standard items and specialty products to customer specifications, which are used in large volumes by customers in the automotive, heavy-duty truck and rail industries. Markets and Customers. For the year ended December 31, 2020, approximately 62% of Supply Technologies’ net sales were to domestic customers. Remaining sales were primarily to manufacturing facilities of large, multinational customers located in Europe, Mexico, Asia and Canada. Total Supply Management™ is used extensively in a variety of industries, and demand is generally related to the state of the economy and to the overall level of manufacturing activity. Supply Technologies markets and sells its approach to over 7,500 customers domestically and internationally. The five largest customers, to which Supply Technologies sells through sole-source contracts to multiple operating divisions or locations, accounted for approximately 31% and 32% of the sales of Supply Technologies in 2020 and 2019, respectively. The loss of any two or more of its top five customers could have a material adverse effect on the results of operations and financial condition of this segment. Competition. A limited number of companies compete with Supply Technologies to provide supply management services for production parts and materials. Supply Technologies competes primarily on the basis of its Total Supply Management™ approach, including engineering and design support, part usage and cost analysis, 4 supplier selection, quality assurance, bar coding, product packaging and tracking, just-in-time and point-of-use delivery, electronic billing services and ongoing technical support, and its geographic reach, extensive product selection, price and reputation for high service levels. Numerous U.S. and foreign companies compete with Supply Technologies in manufacturing cold-formed and cold-extruded products. Assembly Components Assembly Components manufactures products oriented towards fuel efficiency, reduced emission standards and vehicle electrification. Assembly Components designs, develops and manufactures: aluminum products; highly efficient, high pressure direct fuel injection fuel rails and pipes; fuel filler pipes that route fuel from the gas cap to the gas tank; and flexible multi-layer plastic and rubber assemblies used to transport fuel from the vehicle’s gas tank and then, at extreme high pressure, to the engine’s fuel injector nozzles. These advanced products, coupled with Turbo Enabled engines, make up large and growing engine architecture for all worldwide car manufacturers. Assembly Components also designs and manufactures Turbo Charging hoses along with Turbo Coolant hoses that will be required as engines get downsized to 3 or 4 cylinders from 6 or 8 cylinders. This engine downsizing increases efficiency, while dramatically decreasing pollution levels. In addition, our Assembly Components segment operates what we believe is one of the few aluminum component suppliers that have the capability to provide a wide range of high-volume, high-quality products utilizing a broad range of processes including gravity and low pressure permanent mold, die-cast and lost-foam, as well as emerging alternative casting technologies. We also provide machining to our aluminum products customers. Assembly Components operates 19 manufacturing facilities and four technical offices in the United States, Mexico, China, England and the Czech Republic. In addition, we also provide value-added services such as design engineering, machining and parts assembly. Markets and Customers. For the year ended December 31, 2020, approximately 68% of Assembly Components’ net sales were to domestic customers. The five largest customers of Assembly Components accounted for approximately 45% and 47% of segment sales for 2020 and 2019, respectively. These sales, across multiple operating divisions, are through sole-source contracts. The loss of any one of these customers could have a material adverse effect on the results of operations and financial condition of this segment. Competition. Assembly Components competes principally on the basis of its ability to: (1) engineer and manufacture high-quality, cost-effective assemblies utilizing multiple technologies in large volumes; (2) provide timely delivery; and (3) retain the manufacturing flexibility necessary to quickly adjust to the needs of its customers. There are few domestic companies with the capabilities to meet customers’ stringent quality and service standards and lean manufacturing techniques. As one of these suppliers, Assembly Components is well- positioned to benefit as customers continue to consolidate their supplier base. Engineered Products Our Engineered Products segment operates a diverse group of niche manufacturing businesses that design and manufacture a broad range of highly-engineered products, including induction heating and melting systems, pipe threading systems and forged and machined products. We manufacture these products in 16 domestic facilities throughout the United States and 20 international facilities in Canada, Mexico, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Germany, China, Italy, India, Japan, Spain and Brazil. Our induction heating and melting business utilizes proprietary technology and specializes in the engineering, construction, service and repair of induction heating and melting systems, primarily for the ferrous and non-ferrous metals, silicon, coatings, forging, foundry, automotive and construction equipment industries. Our induction heating and melting systems are engineered and built to customer specifications and are used primarily for melting, heating, and surface hardening of metals and curing of coatings. Approximately 44% of our induction heating and melting systems’ revenues are derived from the sale of replacement parts and provision 5 of field service, primarily for the installed base of our own products. Our pipe threading business serves the oil and gas industry. We also engineer and install mechanical forging presses, sell spare parts and provide field service for the large existing base of mechanical forging presses and hammers in North America. We machine, induction harden and surface finish crankshafts and camshafts, used primarily in locomotives. We forge aerospace and defense structural components such as landing gears and struts, as well as rail products such as railcar center plates and draft lugs. Markets and Customers. For the year ended December 31, 2020, approximately 52% of Engineered Products’ net sales were to domestic customers. We sell induction heating and other capital equipment to component manufacturers and OEMs in the ferrous and non-ferrous metals, silicon, coatings, forging, foundry, automotive, truck, construction equipment and oil and gas industries. We sell forged and machined products to locomotive manufacturers, machining companies and sub-assemblers who finish aerospace and defense products for OEMs, and railcar builders and maintenance providers. Competition. We compete with small-to medium-sized domestic and international equipment manufacturers on the basis of service capability, ability to meet customer specifications, delivery performance and engineering expertise. We compete domestically and internationally with small-to medium-sized forging and machining businesses on the basis of product quality and precision. Sales and Marketing Supply Technologies markets its products and services in the United States, Mexico, Canada, Europe and Asia primarily through its direct sales force, which is assisted by applications engineers who provide the technical expertise necessary to assist the engineering staff of OEM customers in designing new products and improving existing products. Assembly Components primarily markets and sells its products in North America through internal sales personnel and independent sales representatives. Engineered Products primarily markets and sells its products in North America through both internal sales personnel and independent sales representatives. Induction heating and pipe threading equipment is also marketed and sold in Europe, Asia, Latin America and Africa through both internal sales personnel and independent sales representatives. In some instances, the internal engineering staff assists in the sales and marketing effort through joint design and applications-engineering efforts with major customers. Raw Materials and Suppliers Supply Technologies purchases substantially all of its production components from third-party suppliers. Supply Technologies has multiple sources of supply for its components. An increasing portion of Supply Technologies’ production components are purchased from suppliers in foreign countries, primarily Canada, Taiwan, China, South Korea, Singapore, India and multiple European countries. Supply Technologies is dependent upon the ability of such suppliers to meet stringent quality and performance standards and to conform to delivery schedules. Assembly Components and Engineered Products purchase substantially all of their raw materials, principally metals and certain component parts incorporated into their products, from third-party suppliers and manufacturers. Most raw materials required by Assembly Components and Engineered Products are commodity products available from several domestic suppliers. Management believes that raw materials and component parts other than certain specialty products are available from alternative sources. Our suppliers of raw materials and component parts may significantly and quickly increase their prices in response to increases in costs of the raw materials, such as steel, that they use to manufacture our raw materials and component parts. While we generally attempt to pass along increased raw material prices to our customers in the form of price increases, there may be a time delay between the increased raw material prices and our ability to increase the price of our products, or we may be unable to increase the prices of our products due to various factors. See the discussion of risks associated with raw material supply and costs in Item 1A “Risk Factors”. 6 Backlog Management believes that backlog is not a meaningful measure for Supply Technologies, as a majority of Supply Technologies’ customers require just-in-time delivery of production components. Management believes that Assembly Components’ backlog is not a meaningful measure, as a significant portion of sales are on a release or firm order basis. The backlog of Engineered Products’ orders believed to be firm as of December 31, 2020 was $135.9 million, compared with $220.5 million as of December 31, 2019. Nearly all of Engineered Products’ backlog as of December 31, 2020 is scheduled to be shipped in 2021. Compliance with Government Regulations We are subject to numerous federal, state and local laws and regulations designed to protect public health and the environment, particularly with regard to discharges and emissions, as well as handling, storage, treatment and disposal of various substances and wastes. Failure to comply with applicable environmental laws and regulations and permit requirements could result in civil and criminal fines or penalties or enforcement actions, including regulatory or judicial orders enjoining or curtailing operations or requiring corrective measures. Pursuant to certain environmental laws, owners or operators of facilities may be liable for the costs of response or other corrective actions for contamination identified at or emanating from current or former locations, without regard to whether the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of any such contamination, and for related damages to natural resources. Additionally, persons who arrange for the disposal or treatment of hazardous substances or materials may be liable for costs of response at sites where they are located, whether or not the site is owned or operated by such person. From time to time, we have incurred, and are presently incurring, costs and obligations for correcting environmental noncompliance and remediating environmental conditions at certain of our properties. In general, we have not experienced difficulty in complying with environmental laws in the past, and compliance with environmental laws has not had a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations. Our capital expenditures on environmental control facilities were not material during the past five years and such expenditures are not expected to be material to us in the foreseeable future. We are currently, and may in the future be, required to incur costs relating to the investigation or remediation of property, including property where we have disposed of our waste, and for addressing environmental conditions. For instance, we have been identified as a potentially responsible party at third-party sites under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, as amended, or comparable state laws, which provide for strict and, under certain circumstances, joint and several liability. We are participating in the cost of certain clean-up efforts at several of these sites. The availability of third-party payments or insurance for environmental remediation activities is subject to risks associated with the willingness and ability of the third party to make payments. However, our share of such costs has not been material and, based on available information, we do not expect our exposure at any of these locations to have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, liquidity or financial condition. In addition to environmental laws and regulations, our operations are governed by a variety of laws and regulations, including those relating to workplace safety and worker health, principally the Occupational Safety and Health Act and regulations thereunder. We believe that we are in material compliance with these laws and regulations and do not believe that future compliance with such laws and regulations will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Human Capital Resources As of December 31, 2020, we employed approximately 6,500 employees in our operations around the world. Approximately 3,800 of these employees are in the United States, while the remaining 2,700 are employed in other countries. Approximately 10% of our employees are covered by a collective bargaining agreement. 7 The attraction, retention and development of employees is critical to the successful execution of the Company’s strategy. The Company works diligently to attract the best talent from a diverse range of resources to meet current and future demands of our businesses. Hiring the right people for the long-term and developing them for future roles is an important process across the overall organization. To support these objectives, the Company’s human resource programs are designed to develop, reward and support employees through competitive compensation, internal advancement, comprehensive flexible benefit programs and a safe and healthy work environment. Key areas of focus include: Health & Safety: The success of our business is fundamentally connected to the well-being of our employees; accordingly, we are committed to their health, safety, and wellness. Our global health and safety programs are designed around dedicated environmental, health and safety standards and procedures specifically tailored at the facility level to address different jurisdiction and regulations, specific operating hazards, and unique working environments. The Company’s objectives include a focus on regulatory compliance and protection of people and the environment. Our safety focus is evident in our response to the COVID-19 Pandemic, which included some of the initiatives listed below: Increasing cleaning protocols across all locations • • Communicating regularly regarding impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, including health and safety protocols and procedures Implementing temperature screening of employees at our facilities Providing personal protective equipment • • Establishing new physical distancing procedures • • Modifying workspaces with plexiglass dividers • Establishing protocols to address actual and suspected COVID-19 cases and potential contact exposure • • Requiring mask wearing in locations Prohibiting non-essential travel for all employees Most of our businesses manufacture products deemed essential to the critical infrastructure, and as a result, most of our production sites have continued to operate during the COVID-19 pandemic. Ethics & Compliance: Our Company is committed to values of honesty, integrity, respect and responsibility that foster high ethical standards in our relationships with each other, our customers and suppliers, and all those we do business with. Our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (the “Code”), along with the policies and procedures referenced in the Code, provide guidance for all employees on topics such as anti-corruption and bribery, anti-trust and competition law, discrimination including our policy on harassment and retaliation, privacy, appropriate use of company assets, protection of confidential information and reporting concerns and violations. Should potential violations of the Code, our policies and procedures, or the law occur, employees are encouraged to notify our Chief Compliance Officer through our Ethics Hotline. We do not tolerate retaliation against anyone who reports a potential violation in good faith. The Chief Compliance Officer reports matters related to the Code to the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors on a quarterly basis. Compensation & Benefits: Our policy is to competitively compensate our employees. The compensation philosophy is to align both short-term and long-term incentives with our strategic objectives and to consider market forces and the performance of our Company and the employee. We offer comprehensive employee benefits that vary by country and are competitive in the marketplace. Examples of benefits offered in the U.S. include a 401(k) plan, defined benefit—cash balance plan, comprehensive health benefits, employee assistance programs, business travel, life/disability insurance and supplemental voluntary insurance. Training & Talent Development: The Company is committed to continued development of our workforce. Training is provided in several formats to accommodate workforce diversity and business focus. In addition, 8 various internship programs and informal mentoring demonstrate the Company’s ongoing commitment and initiatives toward accelerating our future leaders. Available Information We file Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, Proxy Statements and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The public can obtain copies of these materials by accessing the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. In addition, as soon as reasonably practicable after such materials are filed with or furnished to the SEC, we make such materials available on our website free of charge at http://www.pkoh.com. The information on our website is not a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Information About our Executive Officers Information with respect to our executive officers as of March 5, 2021, is as follows: Name Age Position Matthew V. Crawford . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and President Patrick W. Fogarty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Robert D. Vilsack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Secretary and Chief Legal Officer Mr. Crawford was elected President in 2019 and Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer in 2018. Prior to that, he served as President and Chief Operating Officer since 2003. Mr. Crawford became one of our directors in August 1997 and has served as President of Crawford Group, Inc. since 1995. Mr. Fogarty has been Vice President and Chief Financial Officer since 2015. Prior to that, Mr. Fogarty was Director of Corporate Development since 1997 and served as Director of Finance from 1995 to 1997. Mr. Vilsack has been Secretary and Chief Legal Officer since joining us in 2002. Item 1A. Risk Factors The following are certain risk factors that could affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. These risks are not the only ones we face. If any of the following risks occur, our business, results of operations or financial condition could be adversely affected. Risks Relating to the COVID-19 Pandemic Our business, results of operations and cash flows have been and are expected to continue to be adversely affected by COVID-19. The novel strain of the coronavirus identified in China in late 2019 and now affecting the global community has impacted and is expected to continue to impact our operations, and the full nature and extent of the impact is highly uncertain and may be beyond our control. Among other things, uncertainties relating to the COVID-19 pandemic include the duration of the outbreak, the severity of the virus, and the actions, or perception of actions that may be taken, to contain or treat its impact, by governments and others, including declarations of states of emergency, business closures, manufacturing restrictions and a prolonged period of travel, commercial and/or other similar restrictions and limitations. As a result of COVID-19 and the measures implemented that are designed to contain its spread, our customers have been and could continue to be negatively impacted as a result of disruption in demand, which has 9 negatively impacted our sales and had a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Similarly, as a result of COVID-19 and measures implemented that are designed to contain its spread, our suppliers may not have the materials, capacity, or capability to enable the manufacture of our products according to our schedule and specifications. Because of impacts to suppliers’ operations, we may need to seek alternate suppliers, which may be more expensive, may not be available or may result in delays in shipments to us and subsequently to our customers, each of which would affect our results of operations. The COVID-19 pandemic has also disrupted our internal operations, including by heightening the risk that a significant portion of our workforce will suffer illness or otherwise not be permitted or be unable to work and exposing us to cyber and other risks associated with a large number of our employees working remotely. Certain of our facilities have experienced temporary work disruptions as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, and we cannot predict whether these will continue or our facilities will experience more significant or frequent disruptions in the future. Furthermore, we may need to reduce our workforce as a result of declines in our business caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, and any such reduction would cause us to incur costs. Moreover, there can be no assurance that we would be able to rehire our workforce in the event our business experiences a subsequent recovery. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic continues to evolve and its duration and ultimate disruption to our customers and to our supply chain, and related financial impact to us, cannot be estimated at this time. Should such disruption continue for an extended period of time, the impact could have a more severe adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Additionally, weaker economic conditions generally could result in impairment in value of our tangible or intangible assets, or our ability to raise additional capital, if needed. Risks Relating to Economic Conditions The industries in which we operate are cyclical and are affected by the economy in general. We sell products to customers in industries that experience cyclicality (expectancy of recurring periods of economic growth and slowdown) in demand for products and may experience substantial increases and decreases in business volume throughout economic cycles. Industries we serve, including the automotive and vehicle parts, heavy-duty truck, industrial equipment, steel, rail, oil and gas, electrical distribution and controls, aerospace and defense, recreational equipment, HVAC, electrical components, appliance and semiconductor equipment industries, are affected by consumer spending, general economic conditions and the impact of international trade. A downturn in any of the industries we serve could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations. Adverse credit market conditions may significantly affect our access to capital, cost of capital and ability to meet liquidity needs. Disruptions, uncertainty or volatility in the credit markets may adversely impact our ability to access credit already arranged and the availability and cost of credit to us in the future. These market conditions may limit our ability to replace, in a timely manner, maturing liabilities and access the capital necessary to grow and maintain our business. Accordingly, we may be forced to delay raising capital or pay unattractive interest rates, which could increase our interest expense, decrease our profitability and significantly reduce our financial flexibility. Longer-term disruptions in the capital and credit markets as a result of uncertainty, changing or increased regulation, reduced alternatives or failures of significant financial institutions could adversely affect our access to liquidity needed for our business. Any disruption could require us to take measures to conserve cash until the markets stabilize or until alternative credit arrangements or other funding for our business needs can be arranged. Such measures could include deferring capital expenditures and reducing or eliminating future share repurchases or other discretionary uses of cash. Overall, our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows could be materially adversely affected by disruptions in the credit markets. 10 Adverse global economic conditions may have significant effects on our customers and suppliers that could result in material adverse effects on our business and operating results. Significant reductions in available capital and liquidity from banks and other providers of credit, substantial reductions and fluctuations in equity and currency values worldwide, volatility in commodity prices for such items as crude oil, and concerns that the worldwide economy may enter into a prolonged recessionary period, may materially adversely affect our customers’ access to capital or willingness to spend capital on our products or their ability to pay for products that they will order or have already ordered from us. In addition, unfavorable global economic conditions may materially adversely affect our suppliers’ access to capital and liquidity with which they maintain their inventories, production levels and product quality, which could cause them to raise prices or lower production levels. These potential effects of adverse global economic conditions are difficult to forecast and mitigate. As a consequence, our operating results for a particular period are difficult to predict, and, therefore, prior results are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected in future periods. Any of the foregoing effects could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Risks Relating to Our Business and Operations Because a significant portion of our sales is to the automotive and heavy-duty truck industries, a decrease in the demand of these industries or the loss of any of our major customers in these industries could adversely affect our financial health. Demand for certain of our products is affected by, among other things, the relative strength or weakness of the automotive and heavy-duty truck industries. The domestic automotive and heavy-duty truck industries are highly cyclical and may be adversely affected by international competition. In addition, the automotive and heavy-duty truck industries are significantly unionized and subject to work slowdowns and stoppages resulting from labor disputes. We derived 30% and 6% of our net sales during the year ended December 31, 2020 from the automotive and heavy-duty truck industries, respectively. The loss of a portion of business to any of our major automotive or heavy-duty truck customers could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, cash flow and results of operations. We cannot assure you that we will maintain or improve our relationships in these industries or that we will continue to supply these customers at current levels. Our Supply Technologies customers are generally not contractually obligated to purchase products and services from us. We supply products and services to our Supply Technologies customers generally under purchase orders as opposed to long-term contracts. When we do enter into long-term contracts with our Supply Technologies customers, many of them only establish pricing terms and do not obligate our customers to buy required minimum amounts from us or to buy from us exclusively. Accordingly, many of our Supply Technologies customers may decrease the number of products and services that they purchase from us or even stop purchasing from us altogether, either of which could have a material adverse effect on our net sales and profitability. We are dependent on key customers. We rely on several key customers. For the year ended December 31, 2020, our ten largest customers accounted for approximately 30% of our net sales. Many of our customers place orders for products on an as-needed basis and operate in cyclical industries and, as a result, their order levels have varied from period to period in the past and may vary significantly in the future. Due to competitive issues, we have lost key customers in the past and may again in the future. Customer orders are dependent upon their markets and may be subject to 11 delays or cancellations. As a result of dependence on our key customers, we could experience a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations if any of the following were to occur: • • • • the loss of any key customer, in whole or in part; the insolvency or bankruptcy of any key customer; a declining market in which customers reduce orders or demand reduced prices; or a strike or work stoppage at a key customer facility, which could affect both their suppliers and customers. If any of our key customers become insolvent or file for bankruptcy, our ability to recover accounts receivable from that customer would be adversely affected and any payments we received in the preference period prior to a bankruptcy filing may be potentially forfeitable, which could adversely impact our results of operations. We operate in highly competitive industries. The markets in which all three of our segments sell their products are highly competitive. Some of our competitors are large companies that have greater financial resources than we have. We believe that the principal competitive factors for our Supply Technologies segment are an approach reflecting long-term business partnership and reliability, sourced product quality and conformity to customer specifications, timeliness of delivery, price and design and engineering capabilities. We believe that the principal competitive factors for our Assembly Components and Engineered Products segments are product quality and conformity to customer specifications, design and engineering capabilities, product development, timeliness of delivery and price. The rapidly evolving nature of the markets in which we compete may attract new entrants as they perceive opportunities, and our competitors may foresee the course of market development more accurately than we do. In addition, our competitors may develop products that are superior to our products or may adapt more quickly than we do to new technologies or evolving customer requirements. We expect competitive pressures in our markets to remain strong. These pressures arise from existing competitors, other companies that may enter our existing or future markets and, in some cases, our customers, which may decide to internally produce items we sell. We cannot assure you that we will be able to compete successfully with our competitors. Failure to compete successfully could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations. Our Supply Technologies business depends upon third parties for substantially all of our component parts. Our Supply Technologies business purchases substantially all of its component parts from third-party suppliers and manufacturers. As such, it is subject to the risk of price fluctuations and periodic delays in the delivery of component parts. Failure by suppliers to continue to supply us with these component parts on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, could have a material adverse effect on us. We depend upon the ability of these suppliers, among other things, to meet stringent performance and quality specifications and to conform to delivery schedules. Failure by third-party suppliers to comply with these and other requirements could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations. The raw materials used in our production processes and by our suppliers of component parts are subject to price and supply fluctuations that could increase our costs of production and adversely affect our results of operations. Our supply of raw materials for our Assembly Components and Engineered Products businesses could be interrupted for a variety of reasons, including availability and pricing. Prices for raw materials necessary for production have fluctuated significantly in the past and significant increases could adversely affect our results of operations and profit margins. While we generally attempt to pass along increased raw materials prices to our 12 customers in the form of price increases, there may be a time delay between the increased raw materials prices and our ability to increase the price of our products, or we may be unable to increase the prices of our products due various factors. Our suppliers of component parts, particularly in our Supply Technologies business, may significantly and quickly increase their prices in response to increases in costs of the raw materials, such as steel, that they use to manufacture our component parts. We may not be able to increase our prices commensurate with our increased costs. Consequently, our results of operations and financial condition may be materially adversely affected. The energy costs involved in our production processes and transportation are subject to fluctuations that are beyond our control and could significantly increase our costs of production. Our manufacturing process and the transportation of raw materials, components and finished goods are energy intensive. Our manufacturing processes are dependent on adequate supplies of electricity and natural gas. A substantial increase in the cost of transportation fuel, natural gas or electricity could have a material adverse effect on our margins. We may experience higher than anticipated gas costs in the future, which could adversely affect our results of operations. In addition, a disruption or curtailment in supply could have a material adverse effect on our production and sales levels. We may experience breaches of, or disruptions to, our information technology systems, or other compromises of our data, including the improper disclosure of personal or confidential data, which may adversely affect our operations and reputation. We utilize information technology systems in connection with our business operations, including processing orders, managing inventory and accounts receivable collections, purchasing products, maintaining cost-effective operations, routing and re-routing orders. We also depend on our information technology systems to maintain confidential, proprietary and personal information relating to our current, former and prospective employees, customers and other third parties in these systems and in systems of third-party providers who we engage in connection with the processing and storage of certain information. Our information technology systems and those of our third-party providers are subject to disruptions or damage, which may be caused by a wide array of causes, including telecommunications failures, computer failures, power outages, computer viruses, cybersecurity breaches and other intrusions, which could result in the disruption of our operations, or information misappropriation, such as theft of intellectual property or inappropriate disclosure of personal and confidential information. In addition, we could also experience data or cybersecurity breaches stemming from the intentional or negligent acts of our employees or other third parties. To the extent our information technology systems are disabled for a long period of time, key business processes could be interrupted. Any such operational disruptions and/or misappropriation of information, whether in systems we maintain or are maintained by others, could have a material adverse effect on our business. In addition, any such damage, compromise or breach to our systems or those of our vendors, could result in a violation of privacy and other laws, and expose us to significant legal and financial liability. Operating problems in our business may materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. We are subject to the usual hazards associated with manufacturing and the related storage and transportation of raw materials, products and waste, including explosions, fires, leaks, discharges, inclement weather, natural disasters, mechanical failure, unscheduled downtime and transportation interruption or calamities. The occurrence of material operating problems at our facilities may have a material adverse effect on our operations as a whole, both during and after the period of operational difficulties. 13 We have a significant amount of goodwill, and any future goodwill impairment charges could adversely impact our results of operations. As of December 31, 2020, we had goodwill of $110.9 million. The future occurrence of a potential indicator of impairment, such as a significant adverse change in legal factors or business climate, unanticipated competition, a material negative change in relationships with significant customers, strategic decisions made in response to economic or competitive conditions, loss of key personnel or a more-likely-than-not expectation that a reporting unit or a significant portion of a reporting unit will be sold or disposed of, could result in goodwill impairment charges, which could adversely impact our results of operations. We have recorded goodwill impairment charges in the past, and such charges materially impacted our historical results of operations. Based on our 2020 annual impairment test, we determined that the fair value of our Forged and Machined Products Group (“FMPG”) reporting unit, which is included in our Engineered Products segment, exceeded its carrying value by 10% as of the October 1, 2020 testing date. As such, we concluded that the goodwill of this reporting unit of $8.7 million was not impaired as of that date. This reporting unit was negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic throughout 2020, and while we believe that the current assumptions and estimates used in our goodwill testing are reasonable, supportable and appropriate, there can be no assurance that such assumptions and estimates will prove to be accurate predictions of future performance. For additional information, see Note 6, Goodwill, to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere herein. Our business and operating results may be adversely affected by natural disasters, other catastrophic events or public health issues, all of which are beyond our control. While we have taken precautions to prevent production and service interruptions at our global facilities, severe weather conditions such as hurricanes, tornadoes, and earthquakes; other natural disasters; or public health issues in areas in which we have manufacturing facilities or from which we obtain products may cause physical damage to our properties, closure of one or more of our business facilities, lack of adequate work force in a market, temporary disruption in the supply of inventory, disruption in the transport of products and utilities, or delays in the delivery of products to our customers. Any of these factors may disrupt our operations and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. The insurance that we maintain may not fully cover all potential expenses. We maintain property, business interruption and casualty insurance, but such insurance may not cover all risks associated with the hazards of our business and is subject to limitation, including deductible and maximum liabilities covered. We are potentially at risk if one or more of our insurance carriers fail. Additionally, severe disruptions in the domestic and global financial markets could adversely impact the ratings and survival of some insurers. In the future, we may not be able to obtain coverage at current levels, and our premiums may increase significantly on coverage that we maintain. Risks Relating to Human Capital Some of our employees belong to labor unions, and strikes or work stoppages could adversely affect our operations. As of December 31, 2020, we were a party to seven collective bargaining agreements with various labor unions that covered approximately 750 full-time employees. Our inability to negotiate acceptable contracts with these unions could result in, among other things, strikes, work stoppages or other slowdowns by the affected workers and increased operating costs as a result of higher wages or benefits paid to union members. If the unionized workers were to engage in a strike, work stoppage or other slowdown, or other employees were to become unionized, we could experience a significant disruption of our operations and higher ongoing labor costs, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. The loss of key executives could adversely impact us. Our success depends upon the efforts, abilities and expertise of our executive officers and other senior managers, including Matthew Crawford, our Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President, as well as the 14 president of each of our operating units. Additionally, an event of default occurs under our revolving credit facility if Messrs. M. Crawford and Edward Crawford, our former President, or certain of their related parties own in the aggregate less than 15% of Holdings’ outstanding common stock and, if at such time, neither Mr. M. Crawford nor Mr. E. Crawford holds the office of chairman, chief executive officer or president. The loss of the services of Mr. M. Crawford, senior and executive officers, and/or other key individuals could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations. Risks Relating to Legal, Compliance and Regulatory Matters Potential product liability risks exist from the products that we sell. Our businesses expose us to potential product liability risks that are inherent in the design, manufacture and sale of our products and products of third-party vendors that we use or resell. While we currently maintain what we believe to be suitable and adequate product liability insurance, we cannot assure you that we will be able to maintain our insurance on acceptable terms or that our insurance will provide adequate protection against potential liabilities. In the event of a claim against us, a lack of sufficient insurance coverage could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations. Moreover, even if we maintain adequate insurance, any successful claim could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations. We operate and source internationally, which exposes us to the risks of doing business abroad. Our operations are subject to the risks of doing business abroad, including the following: • • • • • fluctuations in currency exchange rates; limitations on ownership and on repatriation of earnings; transportation delays and interruptions; political, social and economic instability and disruptions; potential disruption that could be caused by the partial or complete reconfiguration of the European Union; government embargoes or foreign trade restrictions; the imposition of duties and tariffs and other trade barriers; import and export controls; labor unrest and current and changing regulatory environments; the potential for nationalization of enterprises; disadvantages of competing against companies from countries that are not subject to U.S. laws and regulations, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”); increasingly complex laws and regulations concerning privacy and data security, including the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation; difficulties in staffing and managing multinational operations; limitations on our ability to enforce legal rights and remedies; and potentially adverse tax consequences. • • • • • • • • • • On January 31, 2020, the United Kingdom (“UK”) exited the European Union (“EU”). The long-term effects of Brexit will depend on any agreements the UK makes to retain access to EU markets. Given the lack of comparable precedent, it is unclear what financial, trade and legal implications the withdrawal of the UK from the EU will have and how such withdrawal will affect us. It is possible that the withdrawal could, among other things, affect the legal and regulatory environments to which our businesses are subject, impact trade between the UK and the EU through potential restrictions on the free movement of goods and labor between the UK and the EU, create economic and political uncertainty in the region, and create other impediments to our ability to transact within and between the UK and EU. We are also exposed to risks relating to U.S. policy with respect to companies doing business in foreign jurisdictions. Changes in tax policy, trade regulations or trade agreements, such as the disallowance of tax 15 deductions on imported merchandise or the imposition of new tariffs on imported products, could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. In addition, we could be adversely affected by violations of the FCPA and similar worldwide anti-bribery laws. The FCPA and similar anti-bribery laws in other jurisdictions generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to non-U.S. officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. Our policies mandate compliance with these anti-bribery laws. We operate in many parts of the world that have experienced governmental corruption to some degree and, in certain circumstances, strict compliance with anti-bribery laws may conflict with local customs and practices. We cannot assure you that our internal controls and procedures always will protect us from the reckless or criminal acts committed by our employees or agents. For example, in connection with responding to a subpoena from the staff of the SEC, regarding a third party, we disclosed to the staff that the third party participated in a payment on our behalf to a foreign tax official that implicates the FCPA. If we are found to be liable for FCPA violations (either due to our own acts or our inadvertence or due to the acts or inadvertence of others), we could suffer from criminal or civil penalties or other sanctions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business. Any of the events enumerated above could have an adverse effect on our operations in the future by reducing the demand for our products and services, decreasing the prices at which we can sell our products or otherwise having an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. We cannot assure you that we will continue to operate in compliance with applicable customs, currency exchange control regulations, transfer pricing regulations or any other laws or regulations to which we may be subject. We also cannot assure you that these laws will not be modified. We are subject to significant environmental, health and safety laws and regulations and related compliance expenditures and liabilities. Our businesses are subject to many foreign, federal, state and local environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, particularly with respect to the use, handling, treatment, storage, discharge and disposal of substances and hazardous wastes used or generated in our manufacturing processes. Compliance with these laws and regulations is a significant factor in our business. We have incurred and expect to continue to incur significant expenditures to comply with applicable environmental laws and regulations. Our failure to comply with applicable environmental laws and regulations and permit requirements could result in civil or criminal fines or penalties or enforcement actions, including regulatory or judicial orders enjoining or curtailing operations or requiring corrective measures, installation of pollution control equipment or remedial actions. We are currently, and may in the future be, required to incur costs relating to the investigation or remediation of property, including property where we have disposed of our waste, and for addressing environmental conditions. Some environmental laws and regulations impose liability and responsibility on present and former owners, operators or users of facilities and sites for contamination at such facilities and sites without regard to causation or knowledge of contamination. In addition, we occasionally evaluate various alternatives with respect to our facilities, including possible dispositions or closures. Investigations undertaken in connection with these activities may lead to discoveries of contamination that must be remediated, and closures of facilities may trigger compliance requirements that are not applicable to operating facilities. Consequently, we cannot assure you that existing or future circumstances, the development of new facts or the failure of third parties to address contamination at current or former facilities or properties will not require significant expenditures by us. We expect to continue to be subject to increasingly stringent environmental and health and safety laws and regulations. It is difficult to predict the future interpretation and development of environmental and health and safety laws and regulations or their impact on our future earnings and operations. We anticipate that compliance will continue to require increased capital expenditures and operating costs. Any increase in these costs, or unanticipated liabilities arising from, among other things, discovery of previously unknown conditions or more 16 aggressive enforcement actions, could adversely affect our results of operations, and there is no assurance that they will not exceed our reserves or have a material adverse effect on our financial condition. Risks Relating to Our Debt Adverse global economic conditions may have significant effects on our customers that would result in our inability to borrow or to meet our debt service coverage ratio in our revolving credit facility. As of December 31, 2020, we were in compliance with our debt service coverage ratio covenant and other covenants contained in our revolving credit facility. While we expect to remain in compliance throughout 2021, declines in demand in the automotive industry and in sales volumes could adversely impact our ability to remain in compliance with certain of these financial covenants. Additionally, to the extent our customers are adversely affected by a decline in the economy in general, they may not be able to pay their accounts payable to us on a timely basis or at all, which would make the accounts receivable ineligible for purposes of the revolving credit facility and could reduce our borrowing base and our ability to borrow. Uncertainty relating to the calculation of London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) and other reference rates and their potential discontinuance may adversely affect interest expense related to our outstanding debt, including amounts borrowed under our revolving credit facility. National and international regulators and law enforcement agencies have conducted investigations into a number of rates or indices, which are deemed to be “reference rates.” Actions by such regulators and law enforcement agencies may result in changes to the manner in which certain reference rates are determined, their discontinuance, or the establishment of alternative reference rates. In particular, on July 27, 2017, the Chief Executive of the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority, which regulates LIBOR, announced that it will no longer persuade or compel banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021. Such announcement indicates that the continuation of LIBOR on the current basis cannot and will not be guaranteed after 2021. As such, it appears highly likely that LIBOR will be discontinued or modified by the end of 2021. At this time, it is not possible to predict the effect that these developments, any discontinuance, modification or other reforms to LIBOR or any other reference rate, or the establishment of alternative reference rates, may have on LIBOR or other benchmarks, including LIBOR-based borrowings under our revolving credit facility. Furthermore, the use of alternative reference rates or other reforms could cause the market value of, the applicable interest rate on and the amount of interest paid on our benchmark-based borrowings to be materially different than expected and could materially adversely impact our ability to refinance such borrowings or raise future indebtedness on a cost effective basis. Risks Relating to the Execution of our Strategy We may encounter difficulty in expanding our business through targeted acquisitions. We have pursued, and may continue to pursue, targeted acquisition opportunities that we believe would complement our business. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in consummating any acquisitions. Any targeted acquisitions will be accompanied by the risks commonly encountered in acquisitions of businesses. We may not successfully overcome these risks or any other problems encountered in connection with any of our acquisitions, including the possible inability to integrate an acquired business’ operations, information technology, services and products into our business; diversion of management’s attention; the assumption of unknown liabilities; increases in our indebtedness; the failure to achieve the strategic objectives of those acquisitions; and other unanticipated problems, some or all of which could materially and adversely affect us. The process of integrating operations could cause an interruption of, or loss of momentum in, our activities. Any delays or difficulties encountered in connection with any acquisition and the integration of our operations could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition or prospects of our business. 17 Risks Relating to Our Common Stock Our Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and President and former President collectively beneficially own a significant portion of Holdings’ outstanding common stock and their interests may conflict with yours. As of December 31, 2020, Matthew Crawford, our Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and President, and Edward Crawford, our former President, collectively beneficially owned approximately 30% of Holdings’ outstanding common stock. Mr. M. Crawford is Mr. E. Crawford’s son. Their interests could conflict with your interests. 18 Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments None. Item 2. Properties As of December 31, 2020, our operations included numerous manufacturing and supply chain logistics services facilities located in 24 states in the United States and in Puerto Rico, as well as in Asia, Canada, Europe, Mexico and Brazil. We lease our world headquarters located in Cleveland, Ohio, which also includes the world headquarters for certain of our businesses. We believe our manufacturing, logistics and corporate office facilities are well-maintained and are suitable and adequate, and they have sufficient productive capacity to meet our current needs. 19 The following table provides information relative to our principal facilities as of December 31, 2020. Segment(1) Location Owned or Leased Use SUPPLY TECHNOLOGIES Brampton, Ontario, Canada Minneapolis, MN Carnegie, PA Cleveland, OH ASSEMBLY COMPONENTS ENGINEERED PRODUCTS Dayton, OH Memphis, TN Suwanee, GA Streetsboro, OH Allentown, PA Carol Stream, IL Solon, OH Dublin, VA Tulsa, OK Ocala, FL Conneaut, OH Acuna, Mexico Lexington, TN Rootstown, OH Wapakoneta, OH Cleveland, OH Angola, IN Huntington, IN Fremont, IN Big Rapids, MI Cicero, IL Cuyahoga Heights, OH Canton, OH (2) Newport, AR Warren, OH Erie, PA La Roeulx, Belgium Brookfield, WI Wickliffe, OH Madison Heights, MI Leini, Italy Pune, India Chennai, India Cortland, OH Leased Leased Leased Leased Leased Leased Leased Leased Leased Leased Leased Leased Leased Owned Leased/Owned Leased Owned Owned Owned Leased Owned Leased Owned Owned Owned Owned Owned/Leased Owned Owned Owned Owned Leased Owned Leased Owned Owned Owned Owned Manufacturing Logistics Manufacturing Supply Technologies Corporate Office Logistics Logistics Logistics Manufacturing Logistics Logistics Logistics Logistics Logistics Manufacturing Manufacturing Manufacturing Manufacturing Manufacturing Manufacturing Manufacturing Manufacturing Manufacturing Manufacturing Manufacturing Manufacturing Manufacturing Manufacturing Manufacturing Manufacturing Manufacturing Manufacturing Manufacturing Manufacturing Manufacturing Manufacturing Manufacturing Manufacturing Office and Manufacturing (1) Each segment has other facilities, none of which is deemed to be a principal facility. 20 Item 3. Legal Proceedings We are subject to various pending and threatened lawsuits in which claims for monetary damages are asserted in the ordinary course of business. While any litigation involves an element of uncertainty, in the opinion of management, liabilities, if any, arising from currently pending or threatened litigation are not expected to have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity or results of operations. In addition to the routine lawsuits and asserted claims noted above, we were a party to the lawsuits and legal proceedings described below as of December 31, 2020: We were a co-defendant in approximately 118 cases asserting claims on behalf of approximately 219 plaintiffs alleging personal injury as a result of exposure to asbestos. These asbestos cases generally relate to production and sale of asbestos-containing products and allege various theories of liability, including negligence, gross negligence and strict liability, and seek compensatory and, in some cases, punitive damages. In every asbestos case in which we are named as a party, the complaints are filed against multiple named defendants. In substantially all of the asbestos cases, the plaintiffs either claim damages in excess of a specified amount, typically a minimum amount sufficient to establish jurisdiction of the court in which the case was filed (jurisdictional minimums generally range from $25,000 to $75,000), or do not specify the monetary damages sought. To the extent that any specific amount of damages is sought, the amount applies to claims against all named defendants. There are four asbestos cases, involving 20 plaintiffs, that plead specified damages against named defendants. In each of the four cases, the plaintiff is seeking compensatory and punitive damages based on a variety of potentially alternative causes of action. In two cases, the plaintiff has alleged three counts at $3 million compensatory and punitive damages each; one count at $3 million compensatory and $1 million punitive damages; one count at $1 million. In the third case, the plaintiff has alleged compensatory and punitive damages, each in the amount of $20.0 million, for three separate causes of action, and $5.0 million compensatory damages for the fifth cause of action. In the fourth case, the plaintiff has alleged compensatory and punitive damages, each in the amount of $10.0 million, for ten separate causes of action. Historically, we have been dismissed from asbestos cases on the basis that the plaintiff incorrectly sued one of our subsidiaries or because the plaintiff failed to identify any asbestos-containing product manufactured or sold by us or our subsidiaries. We intend to vigorously defend these asbestos cases and believe we will continue to be successful in being dismissed from such cases. However, it is not possible to predict the ultimate outcome of asbestos-related lawsuits, claims and proceedings due to the unpredictable nature of personal injury litigation. Despite this uncertainty, and although our results of operations and cash flows for a particular period could be adversely affected by asbestos-related lawsuits, claims and proceedings, management believes that the ultimate resolution of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity or results of operations. Among the factors management considered in reaching this conclusion were: (a) our historical success in being dismissed from these types of lawsuits on the bases mentioned above; (b) many cases have been improperly filed against one of our subsidiaries; (c) in many cases the plaintiffs have been unable to establish any causal relationship to us or our products or premises; (d) in many cases, the plaintiffs have been unable to demonstrate that they have suffered any identifiable injury or compensable loss at all or that any injuries that they have incurred did in fact result from alleged exposure to asbestos; and (e) the complaints assert claims against multiple defendants and, in most cases, the damages alleged are not attributed to individual defendants. Additionally, we do not believe that the amounts claimed in any of the asbestos cases are meaningful indicators of our potential exposure because the amounts claimed typically bear no relation to the extent of the plaintiff’s injury, if any. Our cost of defending these lawsuits has not been material to date and, based upon available information, our management does not expect its future costs for asbestos-related lawsuits to have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, liquidity or financial position. 21 Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures Not applicable. 22 Part II Item 5. Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Our common stock, par value $1.00 per share, trades on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “PKOH”. The number of shareholders of record of our common stock as of February 26, 2021 was 402. Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Set forth below is information regarding repurchases of our common stock during the fourth quarter of the year ended December 31, 2020. Period October 1 — October 31, 2020 November 1 — November 30, 2020 December 1 — December 31, 2020 Total Total Number of Shares Purchased (1) Average Price Paid Per Share Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans (1) Maximum Number of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Program (2) $ 95 9,638 17,243 26,976 $ 15.96 23.51 30.06 28.70 — 8,881 — 8,881 549,966 541,085 541,085 541,085 (1) Consists of an aggregate total of 18,095 shares of common stock we acquired from recipients of restricted stock awards at the time of vesting of such awards in order to settle recipient minimum withholding tax liabilities. (2) On March 11, 2020, we announced a share repurchase program whereby we may repurchase up to 1.0 million shares of our outstanding common stock. The repurchase program has no expiration date. 23 Item 6. Selected Financial Data Income Statement Data: Net sales Operating income Net income attributable to ParkOhio common shareholders Earnings per common share attributable to ParkOhio shareholders: Basic Diluted Cash dividends per common share Year Ended December 31, 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 (In millions, except per share data) $ 1,295.2 15.7 $ 1,618.3 83.1 $ 1,658.1 97.3 $ 1,412.9 83.8 $ 1,276.9 63.0 (4.5) 38.6 53.6 28.6 31.7 $ $ $ (0.37) $ (0.37) $ $ 0.25 3.16 3.12 0.50 $ $ $ 4.37 4.28 0.50 $ $ $ 2.34 2.30 0.50 $ $ $ 2.62 2.58 0.50 Results for 2019 include net expense of $4.3 million due to the retirement and resignation of our former President and $4.2 million of plant closure and relocation, severance and other costs. Results for 2018 include a gain on the sale of assets of $1.9 million. Results for 2017 include income of $3.3 million from the reversal of a litigation reserve, a loss on extinguishment of debt of $11.0 million and a one-time net tax expense of $4.2 million related to the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “TCJA”). Results for 2016 include an asset impairment charge of $4.0 million. Other Financial Data: Net cash flows provided by operating activities Capital expenditures Selected Balance Sheet Data (as of period end): Cash and cash equivalents Total assets Long-term debt(1) (1) Excluding current portion. 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Year Ended December 31, (In millions) $ $ 69.3 (26.3) $ 63.7 (40.1) $ 54.8 (45.1) $ 46.7 (27.9) 72.9 (28.5) 55.0 1,300.5 517.8 56.0 1,310.4 545.2 55.7 1,208.5 547.5 82.8 1,132.5 515.5 64.3 974.3 439.0 24 Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and its subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW General We are a diversified international company providing world-class customers with a supply chain management outsourcing service, capital equipment used on their production lines, and manufactured components used to assemble their products. We operate through three reportable segments: Supply Technologies, Assembly Components and Engineered Products. Refer to Part 1, Item 1. Business for descriptions of our business segments. COVID-19 Pandemic In March 2020, the World Health Organization categorized the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) as a pandemic. This has negatively impacted several of the markets we serve. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we have taken actions to reduce our operating costs, including plant consolidation; headcount reductions; salary reductions; and discretionary spending cuts. We have also aggressively managed both working capital and capital spending. Although there continues to be uncertainty related to the anticipated impact of the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak on our future results, we believe our diversified portfolio of global businesses, our liquidity position was $252.4 million as of December 31, 2020, and the steps we have taken to reduce costs leave us well-positioned to manage our business through this crisis as it continues to unfold. Subsequent Event On January 29, 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.125 per common share. The dividend was paid on February 26, 2021, to shareholders of record as of the close of business on February 12, 2021 and resulted in a cash outlay of $1.6 million. RESULTS OF OPERATIONS This section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K generally discusses 2020 and 2019 items and year-to-year comparisons between 2019 and 2018. Discussions of 2018 items and year-over-year comparisons between 2019 and 2018 that are not included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K can be found in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Part II, Item 7 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. 25 2020 Compared with 2019 and 2019 Compared with 2018 Net sales Cost of sales Gross profit 2020 vs. 2019 2019 vs. 2018 2020 2019 2018 $ Change % Change $ Change % Change (Dollars in millions, except per share data) $1,295.2 1,126.6 $1,618.3 1,358.0 $1,658.1 1,386.6 $(323.1) (231.4) (20)% $(39.8) (17)% (28.6) 168.6 260.3 271.5 (91.7) (35)% (11.2) (2)% (2)% (4)% Gross profit as a percentage of net sales 13.0% 16.1% 16.4% Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses 152.9 177.2 176.1 (24.3) (14)% 1.1 1% 11.8% — 15.7 10.9% — 83.1 10.6% (1.9) — * 1.9 * 97.3 (67.4) (81)% (14.2) (15)% 7.3 (30.3) (7.3) 2.5 (4.8) 5.6 (33.8) 54.9 (15.2) 39.7 8.8 (34.3) 71.8 (16.6) 55.2 1.7 3.5 30% (10)% (3.2) 0.5 (36)% (1)% (62.2) 17.7 (113)% (16.9) 1.4 (116)% (44.5) (112)% (15.5) (24)% (8)% (28)% 0.3 (1.1) (1.6) 1.4 (127)% 0.5 (31)% $ (4.5) $ 38.6 $ 53.6 $ (43.1) (112)% $(15.0) (28)% $ (0.37) $ (0.37) $ $ 3.16 3.12 $ $ 4.37 $ (3.53) (112)% $(1.21) (28)% 4.28 $ (3.49) (112)% $(1.16) (27)% SG&A expenses as a percentage of net sales Gain on sale of assets Operating income Other components of pension income and other postretirement benefits expense, net Interest expense, net (Loss) income before income taxes Income tax benefit (expense) Net (loss) income Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interest Net (loss) income attributable to ParkOhio common shareholders (Loss) earnings per common share attributable to ParkOhio common shareholders Basic Diluted * Calculation not meaningful 2020 Compared with 2019 Net Sales Net sales decreased 20% to $1,295.2 million in 2020 compared to $1,618.3 million in 2019. The decrease in net sales was due to lower customer demand for our products in many end markets across all three of our segments, primarily driven by the COVID-19 pandemic. See the “Segment Results” section below for a more detailed discussion of the decrease in sales in each business segment. Cost of Sales & Gross Profit Cost of sales decreased 17% to $1,126.6 million in 2020 compared to $1,358.0 million in 2019. The decrease in cost of sales was in-line with the decrease in net sales described above. 26 Our gross margin percentage decreased to 13.0% in 2020 compared to 16.1% in 2019, due primarily to the lower profit flow-through from lower sales in 2020 compared to a year ago. In addition, cost of sales in 2020 included $5.1 million of costs related to plant closure and consolidation, compared to $3.5 million of such costs in 2019. These negative factors were partially offset by the benefits of cost reduction efforts taken in response to challenging market conditions in much of 2020 as a result of the pandemic. SG&A Expenses SG&A expenses decreased to $152.9 million, or 11.8% of net sales, in 2019 from $177.2 million, or 10.9% of net sales, in 2019. This decrease in SG&A expenses in 2020 was due primarily to the favorable impact of cost- reduction actions implemented across the Company in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, SG&A expenses in 2019 included one-time expense of $4.3 million related to an executive departure. The increase in SG&A expenses as a percentage of net sales was due to a fixed portion of SG&A expenses over a lower revenue base. Other Components of Pension Income and Other Postretirement Benefits (“OPEB”) Expense, Net Other components of pension income and OPEB expense, net was $7.3 million in 2020 compared to $5.6 million in 2019. The increase in 2020 was driven by higher returns on plan assets in 2020 compared to 2019. Interest Expense, Net Interest expense, net decreased to $30.3 million in 2020 compared to $33.8 million in 2019. The decrease was due to lower average interest rates and lower outstanding borrowings in 2020 compared to 2019. The lower outstanding borrowings were driven by debt repayments of $35.4 million during 2020. Our average effective borrowing rate was 5.4% in 2020 compared to 5.8% in 2019. Income Tax Benefit (Expense) The provision for income taxes was a benefit of $2.5 million in 2020 (an effective rate of 34.2%) compared to expense of $15.2 million in 2019 (an effective rate of 27.7%). The 2020 rate is higher due to US tax loss planning and related net operating loss carrybacks to prior years under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act. SEGMENT RESULTS For purposes of measuring business segment performance, the Company utilizes segment operating income, which is defined as revenues less expenses identifiable to the product lines within each segment. The Company does not allocate items that are non-operating or unusual in nature or are corporate costs, which include but are not limited to executive and share-based compensation and corporate office costs. Segment operating income reconciles to consolidated income before income taxes by deducting corporate costs; certain non-cash and/or non-operating items; Other components of pension income and OPEB expense, net; and interest expense, net. Supply Technologies Segment Net sales Segment operating income Segment operating income margin 2020 Compared to 2019 Year Ended December 31, 2020 2019 2018 $ $ (Dollars in millions) 510.1 30.2 5.9% $ $ 611.5 42.0 6.9% $ $ 636.8 49.0 7.7% Net sales were down 17% in 2020 compared to 2019 due primarily to lower customer demand in certain end markets, due primarily to the impact of the global COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. The primary decreases were in 27 the Company’s truck and truck-related market, which was down 38%; the Company’s aerospace and defense market, which was down 41%; the Company’s automotive market, which was down 14%; the Company’s consumer products market, which was down 14%; and the Company’s agricultural and industrial equipment market, which was down 12%. These decreases were partially offset by higher customer demand in the Company’s medical device market, which was up 109%; and the Company’s semiconductor market, which was up 35%. Segment operating income and operating income margin were down $11.8 million and 100 basis points, respectively, in 2020 compared to 2019. These decreases were due primarily to lower profit flow-through from the lower sales volumes and unfavorable sales mix, partially offset by the benefit of cost reduction actions taken in response to challenging market conditions. Assembly Components Segment Net sales Segment operating income Segment operating income margin 2020 Compared to 2019 $ $ Year Ended December 31, 2020 2019 2018 (Dollars in millions) 539.5 36.2 $ $ 6.7% 441.5 8.1 1.8% $ $ 578.3 42.9 7.4% Net sales were down 18% in 2020 compared to 2019 due primarily to the impact of the global COVID-19 pandemic on the U.S. automotive industry. Our customers closed their facilities and reduced vehicle production in mid-March in compliance with federal and state guidelines, resulting in the closure of our facilities. Beginning in late May and early June 2020, the industry began the slow process of re-opening manufacturing facilities and restarting production, albeit at lower levels than before the COVID-19 pandemic, and our facilities began to ramp-up production. Segment operating income and operating income margin were down $28.1 million and 490 basis points, respectively, in 2020 compared to 2019. These decreases were driven by the production shut-downs described above, as well as by charges of $4.1 million related to plant closure and consolidation actions in 2020. In 2019, this segment incurred similar charges of $3.3 million. The actions in both years resulted in cost reductions which partially offset the negative impact on profitability of the lower sales. Engineered Products Segment Net sales Segment operating income Segment operating income margin 2020 Compared to 2019 $ $ Year Ended December 31, 2020 2019 2018 (Dollars in millions) $ 467.3 $ 37.7 $ $ 8.1% 343.6 3.5 1.0% 443.0 38.4 8.7% Net sales were down 26% in 2020 compared to 2019 due primarily to lower customer demand in certain key end markets in our forged and machined products business, including our oil and gas, aerospace, rail and agriculture markets; as well as lower demand for our capital equipment products, as many customers delayed buying decisions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Segment operating income and operating income margin were down $34.2 million and 710 basis points, respectively, in 2020 compared to 2019. These decreases were due primarily to the lower sales levels, 28 unfavorable product mix, manufacturing inefficiencies in certain facilities, and cost overruns on certain jobs in this segment, primarily as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, in 2020 this segment incurred charges of $2.2 million related to plant closure and consolidation. Liquidity and Capital Resources The following table summarizes the major components of cash flows: Cash provided (used) by: Operating activities Investing activities Financing activities Effect of exchange rate on cash Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents Operating Activities 2020 2019 2018 $ 69.3 (24.9) (47.3) 1.9 (In millions) $ 63.7 (48.2) (15.3) 0.1 $ 54.8 (89.2) 9.4 (2.1) $ (1.0) $ 0.3 $(27.1) Cash provided by operating activities increased by $5.6 million in 2020 compared to 2019, as the Company’s initiatives to reduce working capital in 2020 in response to market conditions resulted in positive cash flow of $33.3 million, compared to a usage of cash for working capital of $11.3 million in 2019 and $35.5 million in 2018. The favorable reduction in working capital in 2020 more than offset the impact of lower profitability in 2020 compared to 2019 and 2018. Investing Activities Capital expenditures were $26.3 million in 2020, $40.1 million in 2019 and $45.1 million in 2018. These capital expenditures were primarily for growth initiatives, with the majority in our Assembly Components and Engineered Products segments. Capital expenditures in 2020 were lower than in the prior years, as we curtailed non-critical capital spending in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2019, we spent $8.1 million on acquisition of EFCO, Inc. d/b/a Erie Press Systems. See Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere herein for additional information. In 2018, we spent $46.9 million on acquisitions of businesses, primarily Canton Drop Forge and Hydrapower Dynamics Limited (“Hydrapower”). See Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere herein for additional information. Financing Activities Cash used by financing activities in 2020 included debt repayments of $35.4 million, treasury share repurchases of $7.5 million, dividends of $3.2 million and payments of withholding taxes on share awards of $1.2 million. In the second and third quarter of 2020, we temporarily suspended our quarterly cash dividend to preserve capital in response to challenging market conditions and uncertainty caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Our Board of Directors once again declared a dividend in the fourth quarter of 2020. Cash used by financing activities in 2019 included net debt repayments of $4.5 million, dividend payments of $7.0 million, treasury share repurchases of $0.9 million, and payments made of withholding taxes on share awards of $2.9 million. Cash provided by financing activities in 2018 included net borrowings of $40.3 million on our revolving credit facility to fund our 2018 acquisitions, and repayments of other debt of $12.4 million. During 2018, we also paid dividends of $6.4 million; repurchased treasury shares for $9.0 million; and made payments of withholding taxes on share awards of $3.1 million. 29 During September 2018, we repatriated cash of $24.4 million from a foreign subsidiary to the U.S. and utilized the cash to pay down a portion of the amount outstanding under our revolving credit facility in the U.S. Liquidity Overall, our cash provided by operating activities in 2020 was used to fund our capital expenditures, repay debt and fund our other financing activities described above. See Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere herein for further discussion of our financing arrangements. The following table summarizes our indicators of liquidity: Cash and cash equivalents Gross debt (excluding unamortized debt issuance costs) Working capital (excluding cash) Net debt as a % of capitalization 2020 2019 (Dollars in millions) $ 56.0 $568.5 $364.7 55.0 534.7 344.3 $ $ $ 54% 56% Our liquidity needs are primarily for working capital and capital expenditures. Our primary sources of liquidity have been cash provided by operations, funds available from existing bank credit arrangements and the sale of our debt securities. Our existing financial resources, including working capital and available bank borrowing arrangements, and anticipated cash from operations are expected to be adequate to meet anticipated cash requirements for at least the next twelve months, including but not limited to our ability to maintain current operations and fund capital expenditure requirements, service our debt and pay dividends. As of December 31, 2020, we had $143.7 million outstanding under the revolving credit facility, and total liquidity of $252.4 million, which included cash and cash equivalents of $55.0 million and $197.4 million of unused borrowing availability. The Company had cash and cash equivalents held by foreign subsidiaries of $44.7 million at December 31, 2020 and $45.4 million at December 31, 2019. We do not expect restrictions on repatriation of cash held outside the U.S. to have a material effect on our overall liquidity, financial condition or results of operations for the foreseeable future. Senior Notes In April 2017, Park-Ohio Industries, Inc. (“Park-Ohio”), the operating subsidiary of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp., completed the sale, in a private placement, of $350.0 million aggregate principal amount of 6.625% Senior Notes due 2027 (the “Notes”). The net proceeds from the issuance of the Notes were used to repay in full our previously outstanding 8.125% Senior Notes due 2021 and our outstanding term loan, and to repay a portion of the borrowings then outstanding under our revolving credit facility. Credit Agreement In June 2018, Park-Ohio entered into Amendment No. 1 to its Seventh Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”). The Amendment to the Credit Agreement, among other things, provided increases in the revolving credit facility from $350.0 million to $375.0 million, the Canadian revolving subcommitment from $35.0 million to $40.0 million, and the European revolving subcommitment from $25.0 million to $30.0 million. Furthermore, the Company has the option, pursuant to the Credit Agreement, to increase the availability under the revolving credit facility by an aggregate incremental amount up to $100.0 million. In November 2019, Park-Ohio entered into Amendment No. 4 to the Credit Agreement, extending the maturity of the Credit Agreement to November 16, 2024. Finance Leases On August 13, 2015, the Company entered into a Finance Lease Agreement (the “Lease Agreement”). The Lease Agreement provides the Company up to $50.0 million for finance leases. Finance lease obligations 30 of $18.7 million were borrowed under the Lease Agreement to acquire machinery and equipment as of December 31, 2020. Covenants The future availability of bank borrowings under the revolving credit facility provided by the Credit Agreement is based on (1) our calculated availability under the Credit Agreement and (2) if such calculated availability decreases below $46.875 million, our ability to meet a debt service ratio covenant. If our calculated availability is less than $46.875 million, our debt service coverage ratio must be greater than 1.0. At December 31, 2020, our calculated availability under the Credit Agreement was $174.6 million; therefore, the debt service ratio covenant did not apply. Failure to maintain calculated availability of at least $46.875 million and meet the debt service ratio covenant could materially impact the availability and interest rate of future borrowings. Our debt service coverage ratio could be materially impacted by negative economic trends, including the negative trends caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. To make certain permitted payments as defined under the Credit Agreement, including but not limited to acquisitions and dividends, we must meet defined availability thresholds ranging from $37.5 million to $46.875 million, and a defined debt service coverage ratio of 1.15. We were also in compliance with the other covenants contained in the revolving credit facility as of December 31, 2020. While we expect to remain in compliance throughout 2021, declines in sales volumes in the future, including further declines caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, could adversely impact our ability to remain in compliance with certain of these financial covenants. Additionally, to the extent our customers are adversely affected by declines in the economy in general, including the decline caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, they may be unable to pay their accounts payable to us on a timely basis or at all, which could make our accounts receivable ineligible for purposes of the revolving credit facility and could reduce our borrowing base and our ability to borrow under such facility. Dividends The Company paid dividends to shareholders of $3.2 million during 2020. In the second and third quarter of 2020, we temporarily suspended our quarterly cash dividend to preserve capital in response to challenging market conditions and uncertainty caused by the pandemic. Our Board of Directors once again declared a dividend in the fourth quarter of 2020. In January 2021, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.125 per common share. The dividend was paid on February 26, 2021 to shareholders of record as of the close of business on February 12, 2021 and resulted in a cash outlay of $1.6 million. Although we currently intend to pay a quarterly dividend on an ongoing basis, all future dividend declarations will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and dependent upon then-existing conditions, including our operating results and financial condition, capital requirements, contractual restrictions, business prospects and other factors that our Board of Directors may deem relevant. 31 Contractual Obligations The following table summarizes our principal contractual obligations and other commercial commitments over various future periods as of December 31, 2020: (In millions) Short-term and long-term debt obligations Interest obligations (1) Operating lease obligations Finance lease obligations Purchase obligations (2) Pension obligations (3) Postretirement obligations (3) Transition tax Standby letters of credit and bank guarantees Total Payments Due or Commitment Expiration Per Period Total Less Than 1 Year 1-3 Years 3-5 Years More than 5 Years $ $ $ 516.0 146.9 69.6 18.7 179.0 62.2 6.8 7.8 34.9 4.5 23.2 12.9 7.1 177.7 5.9 0.9 — 32.8 $ 8.1 46.4 22.6 8.0 1.2 12.3 1.6 2.5 1.5 $ 149.7 46.4 15.7 2.8 0.1 12.6 1.5 5.3 — 353.7 30.9 18.4 0.8 — 31.4 2.8 — 0.6 $ 1,041.9 $ 265.0 $ 104.2 $ 234.1 $ 438.6 (1) Interest obligations are included on the Notes only and assume the Notes are paid at maturity. The calculation of interest on debt outstanding under our revolving credit facility and other variable rate debt ($1.9 million based on 1.35% average interest rate and outstanding borrowings of $143.7 million at December 31, 2020, respectively) is not included above due to the estimation required. (2) Purchase obligations include contractual obligations for raw materials and services. (3) Pension and postretirement obligations include projected benefit payments to participants only through 2029. The table above excludes the liability for unrecognized income tax benefits disclosed in Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere herein, since we cannot predict, with reasonable reliability, the timing of potential cash settlements with the respective taxing authorities. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements We do not have off-balance sheet arrangements, financing or other relationships with unconsolidated entities or other persons, other than the letters of credits disclosed in Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements, included elsewhere herein. Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates Preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions which affect amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate the accounting policies and estimates that are used to prepare financial statements. Management has made their best estimates and judgments of certain amounts included in the financial statements, giving due consideration to materiality. We do not believe that there is great likelihood that materially different amounts would be reported under different conditions or using different assumptions related to the accounting policies described below. However, application of these accounting policies involves the exercise of judgment and use of assumptions as to future uncertainties and, as a result, actual results could differ from these estimates. Certain accounting policies that require significant management estimates and are deemed critical to our results of operations or financial position are discussed below. On a regular basis, critical accounting policies are reviewed with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors. Revenue Recognition: We recognize revenue, other than from long-term contracts, when our obligations under the contact terms are satisfied and control transfers to the customer, typically upon shipment. Revenue 32 from certain long-term contracts is accounted for over time, when products are manufactured or services are performed, as control transfers under these arrangements. We follow the input method since reasonably reliable estimates of revenue and costs of a contract can be made. See Note 2 of the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere herein for additional disclosures on revenue. Allowance for Obsolete and Slow-Moving Inventory: Inventories are generally valued using first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) or the weighted-average inventory method; stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value; and have been reduced by an allowance for obsolete and slow-moving inventories. The estimated allowance is based on management’s review of inventories on hand with minimal sales activity, which is compared to estimated future usage and sales. Inventories identified by management as slow-moving or obsolete are reserved for based on estimated selling prices less disposal costs. Though we consider these allowances adequate and proper, changes in economic conditions in specific markets in which we operate could have a material effect on allowances required. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets: In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 360, “Property, Plant and Equipment,” management performs impairment tests of long-lived assets, including property and equipment and operating lease right-of-use assets, whenever an event occurs or circumstances change that indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable or the useful life of the asset has changed. We review our long-lived assets for indicators of impairment such as a decision to idle certain facilities and consolidate certain operations, a current-period operating or cash flow loss or a forecast that demonstrates continuing losses associated with the use of a long-lived asset and the expectation that, more likely than not, a long-lived asset will be sold or otherwise disposed of significantly before the end of its previously estimated useful life. When we identify impairment indicators, assets and liabilities are grouped at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other group of assets (for example, plant location or asset level). We determine whether the carrying amount of the asset group is recoverable by comparing the carrying value to the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the assets. If the carrying value of the asset group exceeds the expected undiscounted cash flows, we estimate the fair value of the asset group by using appraisals or recent selling experience in selling similar assets, or for certain assets with reasonably predictable cash flows by performing a discounted cash flow analysis utilizing the income approach to estimate fair value when market information is not available to determine whether an impairment existed. Business Combinations: Business combinations are accounted for using the purchase method of accounting under ASC 805, “Business Combinations.” This method requires the Company to record assets and liabilities of the business acquired at their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. Any excess of the cost of the acquisition over the fair value of the net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. The Company uses valuation specialists to perform appraisals and assist in the determination of the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. These valuations require management to make estimates and assumptions including discount rates, rates of return on assets, long-term sales growth rates, and royalty rates. Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets: As required by ASC 350, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other” (“ASC 350”), management performs impairment testing of goodwill at least annually, as of October 1 of each year, or more frequently if impairment indicators arise. Management tests goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level. A reporting unit is an operating segment pursuant to ASC 280, “Segment Reporting”, or one level below the operating segment (component level) as determined by the availability of discrete financial information that is regularly reviewed by operating segment management. Our reporting units have been identified at the component level. For 2020, 2019 and 2018, we performed quantitative testing for each reporting unit with a goodwill balance. Our annual goodwill impairment analysis utilizes a quantitative approach comparing carrying amount of the reporting unit to its estimated fair value. To the extent that the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its 33 estimated fair value, an impairment charge is recorded. In applying the quantitative approach, we use an income approach to estimate the fair value of the reporting unit. The income approach uses a number of factors, including future business plans, actual and forecasted operating results, and market data. The significant assumptions employed under this method include discount rates; revenue growth rates, including assumed terminal growth rates; and operating margins used to project future cash flows for a reporting unit. The discount rates utilized reflect market-based estimates of capital costs and discount rates adjusted for management’s assessment of a market participant’s view with respect to other risks associated with the projected cash flows of the individual reporting unit. Our estimates are based upon assumptions we believe to be reasonable, but which by nature are uncertain and unpredictable. We believe we incorporate ample sensitivity ranges into our analysis of goodwill impairment testing for a reporting unit, such that actual experience would need to be materially out of the range of expected assumptions in order for an impairment to remain undetected. We validate our estimates of fair value under the income approach by considering the implied control premium and conclude whether that premium is reasonable based on recent market transactions. The results of testing as of October 1, 2020, 2019 and 2018 for all reporting units confirmed that the estimated fair value exceeded carrying values, and no impairment existed as of those dates. Based on our 2020 annual impairment test, we determined that the fair value of our FMPG reporting unit, which is included in our Engineered Products segment, exceeded its carrying value by 10% as of the October 1, 2020 testing date. As such, we concluded that the goodwill of this reporting unit of $8.7 million was not impaired as of that date. This reporting unit was negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic throughout 2020, and while we believe that the current assumptions and estimates used in our goodwill testing are reasonable, supportable and appropriate, there can be no assurance that such assumptions and estimates will prove to be accurate predictions of future performance. Additionally, we test all indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment at least annually, as of October 1 of each year, or more frequently if impairment indicators arise. In 2020, 2019 and 2018, we utilized a quantitative approach using the royalty relief method. The significant assumptions employed under this method include discount rates, revenue growth rates, including assumed terminal growth rates, and royalty rates. The discount rates utilized reflect market-based estimates of capital costs and discount rates adjusted for management’s assessment of a market participant’s view with respect to other risks associated with the projected cash flows of the individual reporting unit. Our estimates are based upon assumptions we believe to be reasonable, but which by nature are uncertain and unpredictable. We believe we incorporate ample sensitivity ranges into our analysis of intangible impairment testing, such that actual experience would need to be materially out of the range of expected assumptions in order for an impairment to remain undetected. The results of testing as of October 1, 2020, 2019 and 2018 for all reporting units confirmed that the estimated fair value exceeded carrying values, and no impairment existed as of those dates. See Notes 6 and 7 of the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere herein for additional disclosure on goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles. Income Taxes: In accordance with ASC 740, “Income Taxes” (“ASC 740”), we account for income taxes under the asset and liability method, whereby deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on temporary differences between the financial reporting and the tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the currently enacted tax rates. Specifically, we measure gross deferred tax assets for deductible temporary differences and carryforwards, such as operating losses and tax credits, using the applicable enacted tax rates and apply the more likely than not measurement criterion. In determining if it is more likely than not that all or some portion of a deferred tax asset will be realized, we consider the following factors: future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences; taxable income in prior years if carryback is permitted under the tax law; tax planning strategies that could accelerate taxable income; and future taxable income. Based on these factors, when we have determined that the realizability of certain domestic and foreign deferred tax assets is more likely than not to not be realized, a valuation allowance has been established. 34 Further, at each interim reporting period, we estimate an effective income tax rate that is expected to be applicable for the full year. Significant judgment is involved regarding the application of global income tax laws and regulations and when projecting the jurisdictional mix of income. Additionally, interpretation of tax laws, court decisions or other guidance provided by taxing authorities influences our estimate of the effective income tax rates. As a result, our actual annual effective income tax rates and related income tax liabilities may differ materially from our interim estimated effective tax rates and related income tax liabilities. Any resulting differences are recorded in the period they become known. Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans: We and our subsidiaries have pension plans, principally noncontributory defined benefit or noncontributory defined contribution plans and postretirement benefit plans covering substantially all employees. The measurement of liabilities related to these plans is based on management’s assumptions related to future events, including interest rates, return on pension plan assets, rate of compensation increases, and health care cost trends. Pension plan asset performance in the future will directly impact our net income. We have evaluated our pension and other postretirement benefit assumptions, considering current trends in interest rates and market conditions and believe our assumptions are appropriate. We consult with our actuaries at least annually when reviewing and selecting the discount rates to be used. The discount rates used by the Company are based on yields of various corporate and governmental bond indices with actual maturity dates that approximate the estimated benefit payment streams of the related pension plans. The discount rates are also reviewed in comparison with current benchmark indices, economic market conditions and the movement in the benchmark yield since the previous fiscal year. The liability weighted-average discount rate for the defined benefit pension plan is 2.40% for 2020, compared with 3.22% in 2019. For the other postretirement benefit plan, the rate is 1.95% for 2020 and 2.94% for 2019. This rate represents the interest rates generally available in the United States, which is the Company’s only country with other postretirement benefit liabilities. Another assumption that affects the Company’s pension expense is the expected long-term rate of return on assets. The Company’s pension plans are funded. The weighted-average expected long-term rate of return on assets assumption is 7.75% for 2020. In determining the expected return on plan assets, we consider both historical performance and an estimate of future long-term rates of return on assets similar to those in our plan. We consult with and consider opinions of financial and actuarial experts in developing appropriate return assumptions. Legal Contingencies: We are involved in a variety of claims, suits, investigations and administrative proceedings with respect to commercial, premises liability, product liability, employment and environmental matters arising from the ordinary course of business. We accrue reserves for legal contingencies, on an undiscounted basis, when it is probable that we have incurred a liability and we can reasonably estimate an amount. When a single amount cannot be reasonably estimated, but the cost can be estimated within a range and no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount, we accrue the minimum amount in the range. Based upon facts and information currently available, we believe the amounts reserved are adequate for such pending matters. We monitor the development of legal proceedings on a regular basis and will adjust our reserves when, and to the extent, additional information becomes available. Environmental We have been identified as a potentially responsible party at third-party sites under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, as amended, or comparable state laws, which provide for strict and, under certain circumstances, joint and several liability. We are participating in the cost of certain clean-up efforts at several of these sites. However, our share of such costs has not been material and based on available information, management does not expect our exposure at any of these locations to have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, liquidity or financial condition. We have been named as one of many defendants in a number of asbestos-related personal injury lawsuits. Our cost of defending such lawsuits has not been material to date and, based upon available information, management does not expect our future costs for asbestos-related lawsuits to have a material adverse effect on 35 our results of operations, liquidity or financial condition. We caution, however, that inherent in management’s estimates of our exposure are expected trends in claims severity, frequency and other factors that may materially vary as claims are filed and settled or otherwise resolved. Seasonality; Variability of Operating Results The timing of orders placed by our customers has varied with, among other factors, orders for customers’ finished goods, customer production schedules, competitive conditions and general economic conditions. The variability of the level and timing of orders has, from time to time, resulted in significant periodic and quarterly fluctuations in the operations of our business units. Such variability is particularly evident in the industrial equipment business unit included in the Engineered Products segment, which typically ships a few large systems per year. Forward-Looking Statements This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains certain statements that are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. The words “believes”, “anticipates”, “plans”, “expects”, “intends”, “estimates” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward- looking statements. These forward-looking statements, including statements regarding future performance of the Company, that are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance and achievements, or industry results, to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. These factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from expectations include, but are not limited to, the following: the ultimate impact the COVID-19 pandemic has on our business, results of operations, financial position and liquidity; our substantial indebtedness; the uncertainty of the global economic environment; general business conditions and competitive factors, including pricing pressures and product innovation; demand for our products and services; the impact of labor disturbances affecting our customers; raw material availability and pricing; fluctuations in energy costs; component part availability and pricing; changes in our relationships with customers and suppliers; the financial condition of our customers, including the impact of any bankruptcies; our ability to successfully integrate recent and future acquisitions into existing operations; the amounts and timing, if any, of purchases of our common stock; changes in general economic conditions such as inflation rates, interest rates, tax rates, unemployment rates, higher labor and healthcare costs, recessions and changing government policies, laws and regulations, including those related to the current global uncertainties and crises, such as tariffs and surcharges; adverse impacts to us, our suppliers and customers from acts of terrorism or hostilities; public health issues, including the outbreak of COVID-19 and its impact on our facilities and operations and our customers and suppliers; our ability to meet various covenants, including financial covenants, contained in the agreements governing our indebtedness; disruptions, uncertainties or volatility in the credit markets that may limit our access to capital; potential disruption due to a partial or complete reconfiguration of the European Union; increasingly stringent domestic and foreign governmental regulations, including those affecting the environment or import and export controls and other trade barriers; inherent uncertainties involved in assessing our potential liability for environmental remediation-related activities; the outcome of pending and future litigation and other claims and disputes with customers; our dependence on the automotive and heavy-duty truck industries, which are highly cyclical; the dependence of the automotive industry on consumer spending; our ability to negotiate contracts with labor unions; our dependence on key management; our dependence on information systems; our ability to continue to pay cash dividends, and the timing and amount of any such dividends; and the other factors we describe under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which such statement is made, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law. In light of these and other uncertainties, the inclusion of a forward-looking statement herein should not be regarded as a representation by us that our plans and objectives will be achieved. The Company assumes no obligation to update the information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, except to the extent required by law. 36 Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk We are exposed to market risk, including changes in interest rates. As of December 31, 2020, we are subject to interest rate risk on borrowings under the floating rate revolving credit facility provided by our Credit Agreement, which consisted of borrowings of $143.7 million at December 31, 2020. A 100-basis point increase in the interest rate would have resulted in an increase in interest expense on these borrowings of approximately $1.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. Our foreign subsidiaries generally conduct business in local currencies. We face translation risks related to the changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Amounts invested in our foreign operations are translated in U.S. dollars at the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded as a component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss in the Shareholders’ equity section of the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. Sales and expenses at our foreign operations are translated into U.S. dollars at the applicable monthly average exchange rates. Therefore, changes in exchange rates may either positively or negatively affect our net sales and expenses from foreign operations as expressed in U.S. dollars. Our largest exposures to commodity prices relate to steel and natural gas prices, which have fluctuated widely in recent years. We do not have any commodity swap agreements, forward purchase or hedge contracts. 37 Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Financial Data Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consolidated Balance Sheets — December 31, 2020 and 2019 Consolidated Statements of Operations — Years Ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income — Years Ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity — Years Ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows — Years Ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited) — Years Ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 Supplementary Financial Data Schedule II — Valuation and Qualifying accounts Page 39 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 70 71 71 38 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. Opinion on the Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020, and the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a) (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated March 5, 2021 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon. Basis for Opinion These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. Critical Audit Matter The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates. 39 Quantitative Impairment Assessment of Goodwill Description of the matter How we addressed the matter in our audit At December 31, 2020, the Company’s goodwill was $110.9 million. As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, goodwill is tested for impairment at least annually at the reporting unit level or more frequently if impairment indicators arise. Goodwill is tested at the reporting unit level for impairment utilizing the income approach, which uses a discounted cash flow methodology to estimate the fair value of each reporting unit. Auditing management’s quantitative goodwill impairment assessment for certain of its reporting units was complex and highly judgmental due to the significant estimation required to determine the fair value of the reporting units. In particular, the fair value estimate was sensitive to significant assumptions, such as revenue growth rates, operating margins and weighted average cost of capital (WACC), which are impacted by expectations of future market or economic conditions. We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of controls over the Company’s goodwill impairment process. This included controls over management’s review of the significant assumptions underlying the fair value determination described above. To test the estimated fair value of the Company’s reporting units, we performed audit procedures that included, among others, assessing methodologies and testing the significant assumptions described above and the underlying data used by the Company in its analysis. For example, we compared the significant assumptions used by management to current industry and economic trends and to historical results. We assessed the historical accuracy of management’s estimates and performed sensitivity analyses of significant assumptions to evaluate the changes in the fair value of the reporting units that would result from changes in the assumptions. We also involved our specialists to review the methodology, and certain assumptions such as the WACC. In addition, we tested management’s reconciliation of the fair value of the reporting units to the market capitalization of the Company. /s/ Ernst & Young LLP We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1967. Cleveland, Ohio March 5, 2021 40 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting We have audited Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and subsidiaries’ internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and subsidiaries (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on the COSO criteria. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020, and the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a) and our report dated March 5, 2021 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon. Basis for Opinion The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. /s/ Ernst & Young LLP Cleveland, Ohio March 5, 2021 41 Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Balance Sheets Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents Accounts receivable, net Inventories, net Unbilled contract revenue Other current assets Total current assets Property, plant and equipment, net Operating lease right-of-use assets Goodwill Intangible assets, net Pension assets Other long-term assets Total assets ASSETS $ December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 (In millions, except share data) $ 55.0 248.1 310.9 56.9 35.5 706.4 236.6 68.6 110.9 86.8 74.8 16.4 56.0 261.3 327.2 61.7 19.5 725.7 237.6 64.3 108.4 90.6 65.0 18.8 $ 1,300.5 $ 1,310.4 LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY Current liabilities: Trade accounts payable Current portion of long-term debt and short-term debt Current portion of operating lease liabilities Accrued employee compensation Deferred revenue Other accrued expenses Total current liabilities Long-term liabilities, less current portion: Long-term debt Long-term operating lease liabilities Deferred income taxes Other long-term liabilities Total long-term liabilities Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and Subsidiaries shareholders’ equity: Capital stock, par value $1 a share Serial preferred stock: Authorized — 632,470 shares: Issued and outstanding — none Common stock: Authorized—40,000,000 shares; Issued—16,148,791 shares in 2020 and 15,706,398 in 2019 Additional paid-in capital Retained earnings Treasury stock, at cost, 3,560,010 shares in 2020 and 3,040,623 shares in 2019 Accumulated other comprehensive loss Total Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and Subsidiaries shareholders’ equity Noncontrolling interests Total equity $ $ 166.7 11.6 12.9 28.1 37.4 50.4 307.1 517.8 56.7 36.8 24.2 635.5 — 16.1 135.5 290.5 (79.8) (18.1) 344.2 13.7 357.9 175.0 16.8 11.9 25.7 35.7 39.9 305.0 545.2 53.6 28.5 28.5 655.8 — 15.7 129.8 298.2 (71.1) (37.0) 335.6 14.0 349.6 Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity $ 1,300.5 $ 1,310.4 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 42 Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Operations Net sales Cost of sales Gross profit Selling, general and administrative expenses Gain on sale of assets Operating income Other components of pension income and other postretirement benefits expense, net Interest expense, net (Loss) income before income taxes Income tax benefit (expense) Net (loss) income Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interest Net (loss) income attributable to ParkOhio common shareholders (Loss) earnings per common share attributable to ParkOhio common shareholders: Basic Diluted Weighted-average shares used to compute (loss) earnings $ $ $ per share: Basic Diluted Year Ended December 31, 2020 2019 2018 (In millions, except per share data) $ 1,295.2 1,126.6 $ 1,618.3 1,358.0 $ 1,658.1 1,386.6 168.6 152.9 — 15.7 7.3 (30.3) (7.3) 2.5 (4.8) 0.3 260.3 177.2 — 83.1 5.6 (33.8) 54.9 (15.2) 39.7 (1.1) $ $ $ (4.5) $ 38.6 (0.37) (0.37) $ $ 12.1 12.1 3.16 3.12 12.2 12.4 271.5 176.1 (1.9) 97.3 8.8 (34.3) 71.8 (16.6) 55.2 (1.6) 53.6 4.37 4.28 12.3 12.5 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 43 Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income Net (loss) income Other comprehensive income (loss): Currency translation Pensions and other postretirement benefits, net of tax Total other comprehensive income (loss) Total comprehensive income, net of tax Comprehensive loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interest Comprehensive income attributable to ParkOhio common Year Ended December 31, 2020 2019 2018 $ (4.8) (In millions) 39.7 $ $ 55.2 14.1 4.8 18.9 14.1 0.3 (1.1) 5.0 3.9 43.6 (1.1) (9.7) (13.3) (23.0) 32.2 (1.6) shareholders $ 14.4 $ 42.5 $ 30.6 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 44 Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity Common Stock Shares Amount (In whole shares) Additional Paid-In Capital Retained Earnings Treasury Stock Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income Noncontrolling Interest Total Balance at January 1, 2018 15,153,009 $ 15.2 $ 117.8 $ 216.1 $ Comprehensive income (loss) Stock-based compensation Restricted stock awards issued Restricted stock cancelled Dividends Purchase of treasury stock (304,512 shares) Adoption of ASU 2014-09 Balance at December 31, 2018 Comprehensive income Stock-based compensation Restricted stock awards issued(1) Restricted stock cancelled Dividends Purchase of treasury stock (111,754 shares) — — 410,100 (7,834) — — — 15,555,275 — — 266,123 (115,000) — — Balance at December 31, 2019 15,706,398 Comprehensive (loss) income Stock-based compensation Restricted stock awards issued Restricted stock cancelled Dividends Purchase of treasury stock (519,387 shares) — — 447,393 (5,000) — — — 0.4 — — — — 15.6 — — 0.2 (0.1) — — 15.7 — — 0.4 — — — 8.3 (0.4) — — — — 125.7 — 4.1 (0.1) 0.1 — 53.6 — — — (6.4) — 2.6 265.9 38.6 — — — (6.3) — — 129.8 — 6.1 (0.4) — — 298.2 (4.5) — — — (3.2) (In millions) $ (55.2) — — — — — (12.1) — (67.3) — — — — — (3.8) (71.1) — — — — — (17.9) (23.0) — — — — — — (40.9) 3.9 — — — — — (37.0) 18.9 — — — — $12.0 1.6 — — — — — — 13.6 1.1 — — — (0.7) — 14.0 (0.3) — — — — $288.0 32.2 8.3 — — (6.4) (12.1) 2.6 312.6 43.6 4.1 0.1 — (7.0) (3.8) 349.6 14.1 6.1 — — (3.2) — — — — (8.7) — — (8.7) Balance at December 31, 2020 16,148,791 $ 16.1 $ 135.5 $ 290.5 $ (79.8) $ (18.1) $13.7 $357.9 (1)—Includes 52,173 restricted share units converted to common stock. Cash dividends per common share $ 0.25 $ 0.50 $ 0.50 Year Ended December 31, 2020 2019 2018 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 45 Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows OPERATING ACTIVITIES Net (loss) income Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization Stock-based compensation Gain on sale of assets Deferred income taxes Net impact of Tax Cuts and Jobs Act Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable Inventories Prepaid and other current assets Accounts payable and accrued expenses Other Net cash provided by operating activities INVESTING ACTIVITIES Purchases of property, plant and equipment Proceeds from sale of assets Business acquisitions, net of cash acquired Net cash used by investing activities FINANCING ACTIVITIES (Payments on) proceeds from revolving credit facility, net Payments on term loans and other debt Proceeds from other long-term debt Proceeds from (payments on) finance lease facilities, net Dividends Purchases of treasury stock Payments of withholding taxes on stock awards Net cash (used) provided by financing activities Effect of exchange rate changes on cash (Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year Cash and cash equivalents at end of year Income taxes paid Interest paid Year Ended December 31, 2020 2019 2018 $ (4.8) (In millions) $ 39.7 $ 55.2 35.8 6.1 — 6.2 — 16.7 18.5 (8.2) 0.1 (1.1) 69.3 (26.3) 1.4 — (24.9) (29.3) (13.0) 5.5 1.4 (3.2) (7.5) (1.2) (47.3) 1.9 (1.0) 56.0 55.0 5.5 28.3 $ $ $ 34.2 4.1 — 1.4 — 6.5 (7.2) 3.5 (14.1) (4.4) 63.7 (40.1) — (8.1) (48.2) 7.8 (10.3) 1.4 (3.4) (7.0) (0.9) (2.9) (15.3) 0.1 0.3 55.7 56.0 12.3 31.5 $ $ $ 36.3 8.3 (1.9) 0.6 0.3 (11.9) (29.4) (9.7) 15.5 (8.5) 54.8 (45.1) 2.8 (46.9) (89.2) 40.3 (15.5) 4.0 (0.9) (6.4) (9.0) (3.1) 9.4 (2.1) (27.1) 82.8 55.7 21.0 33.0 $ $ $ The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 46 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Dollars in millions, except per share data.) NOTE 1 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Consolidation and Basis of Presentation: Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. (“ParkOhio,” “we” or the “Company”) is a diversified international company providing world-class customers with a supply chain management outsourcing service, capital equipment used on their production lines, and manufactured components used to assemble their products. The Company operates three reportable segments: Supply Technologies, Assembly Components and Engineered Products. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all of its majority-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company does not have off-balance sheet arrangements or financings with unconsolidated entities or other persons, other than the letters of credits disclosed in Note 8. The Company leases certain real properties owned by related parties as described in Note 12. Transactions with related parties are not material to the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Accounting Estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Cash Equivalents: The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts: Accounts receivable are recorded at net realizable value. Accounts receivable are reduced by an allowance for amounts that may become uncollectible in the future. The allowance for doubtful accounts was $5.5 million and $4.9 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company’s policy is to measure expected credit losses on accounts receivable based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable forecasts. During 2020 and 2019, we sold, without recourse, $74.1 million and $112.7 million, respectively, of accounts receivable to mitigate accounts receivable concentration risk and to increase working capital efficiency. Sales of accounts receivable are reflected as a reduction of accounts receivable in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, and the proceeds are included in cash flows from operating activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Expense in the amount of $0.4 million and $1.1 million in 2020 and 2019, respectively, related to the discount on sale of accounts receivable is recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Inventories: Inventories are valued using first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) or the weighted-average inventory method and stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, except for the inventories at Canton Drop Forge (“CDF”). CDF inventories are stated using the last-in, first-out (“LIFO”) method. Major Classes of Inventories Raw materials and supplies Work in process Finished goods LIFO reserve Inventories, net Other Inventory Items Inventory reserves Consigned inventory December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 $ $ $ $ 93.8 42.3 172.8 2.0 310.9 (39.3) 13.4 $ $ $ $ 92.6 51.3 181.3 2.0 327.2 (34.2) 8.2 Property, Plant and Equipment: Property, plant and equipment is carried at cost. Additions and 47 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) improvements that extend the lives of assets are capitalized, and expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to operations as incurred. Depreciation of fixed assets, including amounts capitalized under finance leases, is computed by the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives of the assets ranging from five to 40 years for buildings, and one to 20 years for machinery and equipment (with the majority in the range of three to ten years). The following table summarizes property, plant and equipment: Land and land improvements Buildings Machinery and equipment Leased property under finance leases Total property, plant and equipment Less: Accumulated depreciation Property, plant and equipment, net Depreciation expense December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 $ $ 12.7 87.8 440.1 44.8 585.4 348.8 236.6 $ $ 12.1 84.8 424.0 39.2 560.1 322.5 237.6 Year Ended December 31, 2020 2019 2018 $ 29.6 $ 27.7 $ 29.4 Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Assets: In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 350, “Intangibles — Goodwill and Other” (“ASC 350”), goodwill and indefinite life intangible assets are not amortized but rather are tested annually for impairment as of October 1, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate there may be an indicator of impairment in accordance with ASC 350. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level and is based on the net assets of each reporting unit, including goodwill and intangible assets, compared to its fair value. Our reporting units have been identified one level below the operating segment level. The Company completed its annual goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles impairment testing as of October 1 of each year, noting no impairment. To determine fair value for goodwill testing purposes, the Company uses an income approach, utilizing a discounted cash flow model based on forecasted cash flows and weighted average cost of capital. To determine fair value for indefinite-lived intangibles testing, the Company uses a relief-of-royalty method. See Notes 6 and 7 for additional disclosures about goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles. Impairment of Other Long-Lived Assets: Other long-lived assets, including operating lease right-of-use assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Upon indications of impairment, assets and liabilities are grouped at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. The asset group would be considered impaired if the estimated future net undiscounted cash flows generated by the asset group are less than its carrying value. Impairment losses are measured by comparing the estimated fair value of the asset group to its carrying value. Fair Values of Financial Instruments: Certain financial instruments are required to be recorded at fair value. The Company measures financial assets and liabilities at fair value in three levels of inputs. The three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies, is as follows: Level 1 — Valuations based on quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in active markets. Level 2 — Valuations based on observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and 48 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data. Level 3 — Valuations based on unobservable inputs reflecting our own assumptions, consistent with reasonably available assumptions made by other market participants. These valuations require significant judgment. Changes in assumptions or estimation methods could affect the fair value estimates; however, we do not believe any such changes would have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and borrowings under the Credit Agreement (as defined in Note 8) approximate fair value at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 because of the short-term nature of these instruments. The fair values of long-term debt and pension plan assets are disclosed in Note 8 and Note 13, respectively. The Company has not changed its valuation techniques for measuring fair value during 2020, and there were no transfers between levels during the periods presented. Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits: We account for our pensions and other post-retirement benefits in accordance with ASC Topic 715, “Compensation — Retirement Benefits.” Net actuarial gains and losses are amortized to expense when they exceed the 10% accounting corridor, based on the greater of the plan assets or benefit obligations, over an average employee future service period. Refer to Note 13 for more information. Income Taxes: The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method, whereby deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on temporary differences between the financial reporting and the tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the current enacted tax rates. In determining these amounts, management determined the probability of realizing deferred tax assets, taking into consideration factors including historical operating results, cumulative earnings and losses, expectations of future earnings, taxable income and the extended period of time over which the postretirement benefits will be paid. As required by ASC 740, “Income Taxes” (“ASC 740”), the Company records valuation allowances if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that all or some portion of our deferred tax assets will not be realized. We have elected to account for global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) as a current period expense. The impact of GILTI at December 31, 2020 and 2019 was an increase in tax expense of $1.8 million and $1.9 million, respectively. The impact of FDII at December 31, 2020 and 2019 was a decrease in tax expense of $0.0 million and $0.8 million, respectively. Revenue Recognition: The Company recognizes revenue, other than from long-term contracts within the Engineered Products segment, when its obligations under the contract terms are satisfied and control transfers to the customer, typically upon shipment. Revenue from certain long-term contracts is accounted for over time, as products are manufactured or services are performed, as control transfers over time under these arrangements. We follow this method since reasonably reliable estimates of revenue and costs of a contract can be made. See Note 2 for additional disclosure on revenue. Cost of Sales: Cost of sales is primarily comprised of direct materials and supplies consumed in the manufacture of product; manufacturing labor, depreciation expense and direct overhead expense; and shipping and handling costs. Concentration of Credit Risk: The Company sells its products to customers in diversified industries. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition but does not require collateral 49 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) to support customer receivables. The Company establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts based upon factors surrounding the credit risk of specific customers, historical trends, current conditions and reasonable forecasts. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had uncollateralized receivables with six customers in the automotive industry, each with several locations, aggregating $40.6 million, which represented approximately 16% of the Company’s trade accounts receivable. During 2020, sales to these customers amounted to approximately $228.2 million, which represented approximately 18% of the Company’s net sales. Environmental: The Company expenses environmental costs related to existing conditions resulting from past or current operations and from which no current or future benefit is discernible. Costs that extend the life of the related property or mitigate or prevent future environmental contamination are capitalized. The Company records a liability when environmental assessments and/or remedial efforts are probable and can be reasonably estimated. The estimated liability of the Company is not reduced for possible recoveries from insurance carriers and is undiscounted. Foreign Currency Translation: The functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries outside the United States is the local currency. Financial statements are translated into U.S. dollars at year-end exchange rates for assets and liabilities and weighted-average exchange rates during the period for revenues and expenses. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions, including intercompany transactions that are not considered long-term investments, are included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Warranties: The Company estimates the amount of warranty claims on sold products that may be incurred based on current and historical data. The actual warranty expense could differ from the estimates made by the Company based on product performance. The following table presents the changes in the Company’s product warranty liability: Balance at January 1 Claims paid during the year Warranty expense Balance at December 31 Year Ended December 31, 2020 2019 2018 $ $ 6.4 (2.5) 2.5 6.4 $ $ 6.2 (4.1) 4.3 6.4 $ $ 7.9 (5.3) 3.6 6.2 Weighted-Average Number of Shares Used in Computing (Loss) Earnings Per Share: The following table sets forth the weighted-average number of shares used in the computation of (loss) earnings per share: Weighted average basic shares outstanding Dilutive impact of employee stock awards Weighted average diluted shares outstanding Year Ended December 31, 2020 2019 2018 (In whole shares) 12,061,419 — 12,061,419 12,225,481 153,608 12,255,490 253,023 12,379,089 12,508,513 Outstanding stock awards with exercise prices greater than the average price of the common shares are anti- dilutive and are not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share. Because the Company was in a loss position for the year ended December 31, 2020, all common shares outstanding would have been anti- dilutive. For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the anti-dilutive shares were insignificant. 50 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Accounting Standards Adopted In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses of Financial Instruments,” which replaced the current incurred loss impairment model with a methodology that reflected expected credit losses. Under the new methodology, entities will measure expected credit losses on financial instruments held at amortized cost, including trade receivables, based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable forecasts. The Company adopted this standard as of January 1, 2020. The adoption of the standard had an immaterial impact on the Company. For the year ended December 31, 2020, the provision and write-offs was not material, and the allowance approximated $5.5 million as of December 31, 2020. In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, “Income Taxes (ASC 740)—Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes,” which simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in ASC 740. The amendments also improve consistent application of and simplify U.S. GAAP for other areas of ASC 740 by clarifying and amending existing guidance. The Company adopted this standard as of April 1, 2020. The adoption of the standard had an immaterial impact on the Company’s tax provision. Recent Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting,” which was issued in response to concerns about structural risks of interbank offered rates, and, particularly, the risk of cessation of the London Interbank Offered Rate. The guidance is effective upon issuance and may be adopted on any date on or after March 12, 2020. However, the relief is temporary and generally cannot be applied to contract modifications that occur after December 31, 2022 or hedging relationships entered into or evaluated after that date. The Company is currently evaluating the expected impact of this standard. No other recently issued ASUs are expected to have a material impact on our results of operations, financial condition or liquidity. NOTE 2 — Revenue Substantially all of the Company’s contracts have a single performance obligation to transfer products to or, in limited cases, perform services for the customer. Accordingly, the Company recognizes revenue when its obligations under the contract terms are satisfied and control transfers to the customer. Revenue is recognized at an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for the good or service, including estimated provisions for rebates, discounts, returns and allowances. The Company sells its products both directly to customers, and in limited cases, through distributors, generally under agreements with payment terms between 30-90 days; the Company has no financing components. The majority of the Company’s revenue is derived from contracts (i) with an original contract length of one year or less, or (ii) for which it recognizes revenue at the amount at which it has the right to invoice as products or services are delivered. The Company has elected the practical expedient not to disclose the value of remaining performance obligations associated with these types of contacts. The Company also has certain contracts which contain performance obligations that are immaterial in the context of the contract with the customer. The Company has elected the practical expedient not to assess whether these promised goods or services are performance obligations. Supply Technologies provides our customers with Total Supply Management™, a proactive solutions approach that manages the efficiencies of every aspect of supplying production parts and materials to our 51 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) customers’ manufacturing floor, from strategic planning to program implementation. Within this segment, contracts routinely consist of a long-term agreement or master service agreement with quantity and pricing specified through individual purchase orders. Revenue is recognized at a point in time, which is the shipping point, as that is when control transfers to the customer. Assembly Components designs, develops and manufactures: aluminum products; highly efficient, high pressure direct fuel injection fuel rails and pipes; fuel filler pipes that route fuel from the gas cap to the gas tank; and flexible multi-layer plastic and rubber assemblies used to transport fuel from the vehicle’s gas tank and then, at extreme high pressure, to the engine’s fuel injector nozzles. Within this segment, contracts routinely consist of a long-term agreement or master service agreement with quantity and pricing specified through individual purchase orders. Revenue is recognized at a point in time, which is at the shipping point, as that is when control transfers to the customer. Engineered Products operates a diverse group of niche manufacturing businesses that design and manufacture a broad range of highly-engineered products, including induction heating and melting systems, pipe threading systems and forged and machined products. Engineered Products also produces and provides services and spare parts for the equipment it manufactures. In this segment, revenue is recognized for certain revenue streams at a point in time, and over time for other revenue streams. For point in time arrangements, revenue is recognized at the shipping point, as that is when control transfers to the customer. For over time arrangements, revenue is recognized over the time during which products are manufactured or services are performed, as control transfers under these arrangements over a period of time. Over time arrangements represent 22% of the Company’s total consolidated sales for the year ended December 31, 2020. The Company uses the input method to calculate the contract revenues to be recognized, which utilizes costs incurred to date in relation to total expected costs to satisfy the Company’s performance obligation under the contract. Incurred costs represent work performed and therefore best depict the transfer of control to the customer. For over time arrangements, contract liabilities relate to advances or deposits received from the Company’s customers before revenue is recognized. These amounts, which totaled $37.4 million and $35.7 million at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, are recorded as Deferred revenue in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. For over time arrangements, contract assets relate to revenue recognized in advance of billings to customers under long-term contracts accounted for under percentage of completion. These amounts, which totaled $56.9 million and $61.7 million at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, are recorded as Unbilled contract revenue in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company has elected to account for shipping and handling as activities to fulfill the promise to transfer its products. As such, shipping and handling fees billed to customers in a sales transaction are recorded in Net sales, and shipping and handling costs incurred are recorded in Cost of sales. The Company has elected to exclude from Net sales any value-added, sales or other taxes which it collects concurrent with revenue-producing activities. We disaggregate our revenue by product line and geographic region of our customer, as we believe these criteria best depict how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of our revenues and cash flows are affected by economic factors. See details in the tables below. 52 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) PRODUCT LINE Supply Technologies Engineered specialty fasteners and other products Supply Technologies Segment Fuel, rubber and plastic products Aluminum products Assembly Components Segment Industrial equipment Forged and machined products Engineered Products Segment Total revenues $ Year Ended December 31, 2020 2019 $ 444.8 65.3 510.1 298.4 143.1 441.5 238.2 105.4 343.6 532.9 78.6 611.5 353.8 185.7 539.5 323.8 143.5 467.3 $ 1,295.2 $ 1,618.3 Supply Technologies Segment Assembly Components Segment Engineered Products Segment Total Revenues Year Ended December 31, 2020 GEOGRAPHIC REGION United States Europe Asia Mexico Canada Other Total Year Ended December 31, 2019 GEOGRAPHIC REGION United States Europe Asia Mexico Canada Other Total NOTE 3 — Segments $ $ $ $ $ 314.0 83.8 43.3 55.4 9.8 3.8 510.1 $ 404.5 98.0 40.3 54.7 12.2 1.8 611.5 $ $ 302.3 13.2 29.6 35.9 59.1 1.4 441.5 388.1 14.6 21.4 37.3 76.7 1.4 539.5 $ $ $ $ 179.1 64.5 59.3 9.8 19.2 11.7 343.6 271.3 80.2 66.2 13.8 23.9 11.9 467.3 $ 795.4 161.5 132.2 101.1 88.1 16.9 $ 1,295.2 $ 1,063.9 192.8 127.9 105.8 112.8 15.1 $ 1,618.3 The Company operates three reportable segments: Supply Technologies, Assembly Components and Engineered Products. For purposes of measuring business segment performance, the chief operating decision maker utilizes segment operating income, which is defined as revenues less expenses identifiable to the product lines within each segment. The Company does not allocate items that are non-operating; unusual in nature; or are corporate costs, which include but are not limited to executive compensation and corporate office costs. Segment operating income reconciles to consolidated income before income taxes by deducting corporate costs, certain non-cash and/or non-operating items; Other components of pension income and other postretirement benefits (“OPEB”) expense, net; and interest expense, net. 53 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Results by business segment were as follows: Net sales: Supply Technologies Assembly Components Engineered Products Segment operating income: Supply Technologies Assembly Components Engineered Products Total segment operating income Corporate costs One-time net expense related to former President Gain on sale of assets Operating income Other components of pension income and other postretirement benefits expense, net Interest expense, net (Loss) income before income taxes Capital expenditures: Supply Technologies Assembly Components Engineered Products Corporate Depreciation and amortization expense: Supply Technologies Assembly Components Engineered Products Corporate Identifiable assets: Supply Technologies Assembly Components Engineered Products Corporate Year Ended December 31, 2020 2019 2018 $ $ $ 510.1 441.5 343.6 1,295.2 30.2 8.1 3.5 41.8 (26.1) — — 15.7 7.3 (30.3) $ $ $ 611.5 539.5 467.3 1,618.3 42.0 36.2 37.7 115.9 (28.5) (4.3) — 83.1 5.6 (33.8) (7.3) $ 54.9 $ 636.8 578.3 443.0 1,658.1 49.0 42.9 38.4 130.3 (34.9) — 1.9 97.3 8.8 (34.3) 71.8 Year Ended December 31, 2020 2019 2018 $ $ $ $ $ 6.5 13.1 6.5 0.2 26.3 5.1 20.7 9.6 0.4 35.8 347.6 401.1 439.7 112.1 $ $ $ $ $ 6.1 19.5 14.3 0.2 40.1 4.8 20.1 8.8 0.5 34.2 355.9 413.4 455.1 86.0 5.2 24.3 15.4 0.2 45.1 5.3 22.2 8.4 0.4 36.3 330.1 378.3 433.1 67.0 1,300.5 $ 1,310.4 $ 1,208.5 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 54 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) At December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, approximately 70%, 71% and 68%, respectively, of the Company’s assets were located in the United States. NOTE 4 — Plant Closure and Consolidation During 2020, the Company recorded charges totaling $4.1 million in its Assembly Components segment in connection with commencement of actions to close and consolidate its extrusion operations in Tennessee and its fuel operations in Shanghai, China, and to complete other cost-reduction actions in this segment. The charges, which are included in Cost of sales in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, are comprised of severance and related employee costs of $1.4 million, asset impairment of $0.5 million, and other facility costs of $2.2 million. In the Engineered Products segment, the Company recorded charges in 2020 related to plant closure and consolidation, of which $1.0 million are included in Cost of sales in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and $1.2 million are included in Selling, general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. NOTE 5 — Acquisitions On May 31, 2019, the Company acquired EFCO, Inc. d/b/a Erie Press Systems (“EP”). EP, which is included in the Company’s Engineered Products segment, is an industry-recognized leader in the manufacturing of advanced forging presses, hydraulic and mechanical presses, and metal stretch-forming and carbon extrusion machines for several end markets, including aerospace and defense, primary metals and high-speed rail. During 2019, the Company paid $8.1 million in cash (net of $10.4 million of cash and cash equivalents acquired) for EP. In addition, the purchase agreement stipulates potential contingent consideration of up to an additional $1.0 million based on two-year cumulative earnings before interest and taxes. The estimated fair value of the contingent consideration, valued using level 3 inputs, was $0.0 million as of December 31, 2020. The Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2020 includes a credit of $1.0 million in Selling, general and administrative expenses representing the reversal of a previously-recorded liability related to this contingent consideration. On February 1, 2018, the Company acquired CDF for $35.6 million in cash for its Engineered Products segment. CDF manufactures forgings for high-performance applications in the global aerospace, oil and gas, and other markets. On October 1, 2018, the Company acquired Hydrapower Dynamics Limited (“Hydrapower”) for $7.8 million in cash for its Assembly Components segment. Headquartered in Birmingham, England, Hydrapower is a manufacturer of fluid handling systems incorporating hoses, manipulated tubes and fabricated assemblies for the bus and truck, automotive, agricultural and construction end markets. During 2018, the Company made two other acquisitions in its Supply Technologies segment totaling a cash purchase price of $3.5 million. Both acquired companies distribute products into the aerospace and defense end markets. 55 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) NOTE 6 — Goodwill The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segment are as follows: Supply Technologies Assembly Components Engineered Products Total Balance at January 1, 2019 $ Acquisitions and adjustments Foreign currency translation Balance at December 31, 2019 Foreign currency translation Balance at December 31, 2020 $ 14.2 — 0.4 14.6 0.5 15.1 $ $ 56.0 — — 56.0 0.1 56.1 $ $ 33.2 5.0 (0.4) 37.8 1.9 39.7 $ $ 103.4 5.0 — 108.4 2.5 110.9 NOTE 7 — Other Intangible Assets December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 Weighted Average Remaining Useful Life (Years) Gross Value Accumulated Amortization Net Value Gross Value Accumulated Amortization Net Value Customer relationships Indefinite-lived tradenames Technology Other Total 9.2 $ 87.5 $ 44.5 $ 43.0 $ 86.6 $ 39.6 $ 47.0 * 14.5 6.7 25.2 23.7 4.9 * 6.4 3.6 25.2 17.3 1.3 24.6 22.9 4.8 * 5.3 3.4 $ 141.3 $ 54.5 $ 86.8 $ 138.9 $ 48.3 $ 24.6 17.6 1.4 90.6 * Not applicable, as these tradenames have an indefinite life. Amortization expense of other intangible assets as follows: Amortization expense Year Ended December 31, 2020 2019 2018 $ 6.2 $ 6.5 $ 6.9 We estimate amortization expense for the five years subsequent to 2020 as follows: 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 $ $ $ $ $ 6.5 6.4 6.2 6.1 6.1 56 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) NOTE 8 — Financing Arrangements Debt consists of the following: Senior Notes due 2027 Revolving credit facility Industrial Equipment Group European Maturity Date April 15, 2027 November 26, 2024 December 21, 2021 Various Various 3.25% Various Various Facilities Finance leases Other Total debt Less: Current portion of long-term debt and short-term debt Less: Unamortized debt issuance costs Total long-term debt, net Interest Rate at December 31, 2020 December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 Carrying Value at 6.625% 1.35% $ $ 350.0 143.7 — 18.7 22.3 534.7 (11.6) (5.3) 350.0 173.2 4.6 17.2 23.5 568.5 (16.8) (6.5) 545.2 $ 517.8 $ In 2018, Park-Ohio Industries, Inc. (“Park-Ohio”), the operating subsidiary of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp., entered into Amendment No. 1 to Seventh Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with a group of banks to increase the revolving credit facility from $350.0 million to $375.0 million, the Canadian revolving subcommitment from $35.0 million to $40.0 million and the European revolving subcommitment from $25.0 million to $30.0 million. Furthermore, Park-Ohio has the option, pursuant to the Amended Credit Agreement, to increase the availability under the revolving credit facility by an aggregate incremental amount up to $100.0 million. In November 2019, Park-Ohio entered into Amendment No. 4 to the Credit Agreement, extending the maturity of the Credit Agreement to November 26, 2024. In April 2017, Park-Ohio completed the issuance, in a private placement, of $350.0 million aggregate principal amount of 6.625% Senior Notes due 2027 (the “Notes”). Interest on the Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on April 15 and October 15 of each year, and the Notes mature on April 15, 2027. The Notes are unsecured senior obligations of Park-Ohio and are guaranteed on an unsecured senior basis by the 100% owned material domestic subsidiaries of Park-Ohio. On December 21, 2016, the Company, through its subsidiary, IEGE Industrial Equipment Holding Company Limited, entered into a financing agreement with Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria, S.A. The financing agreement provides the Company a loan up to $30.7 million as of December 31, 2020, as well as a revolving credit facility for up to $12.3 million to fund working capital and general corporate needs. The Company had $0.0 million outstanding on the loan as of December 31, 2020. No amounts have been drawn on the revolving credit facility as of December 31, 2020. On August 13, 2015, the Company entered into a finance lease agreement (the “Lease Agreement”). The Lease Agreement provides the Company up to $50.0 million for finance leases. Finance lease obligations of $18.7 million were borrowed under the Lease Agreement as of December 31, 2020 to acquire machinery and equipment. See Note 12 for additional disclosures about finance leases. On October 21, 2015, the Company, through its subsidiary, Southwest Steel Processing LLC, entered into a financing agreement with the Arkansas Development Finance Authority. The agreement provides the Company the ability to borrow up to $11.0 million for expansion of its manufacturing facility in Arkansas. The loan matures in September 2025. The Company has borrowed $6.9 million under this agreement as of December 31, 2020. 57 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) The following table represents fair value information of the Notes, classified as Level 1, at December 31, 2020 and 2019. The fair value was estimated using quoted market prices. Carrying amount Fair value December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 $ $ 350.0 361.8 $ $ 350.0 358.3 Maturities of short-term and long-term debt, excluding finance leases, during each of the five years subsequent to December 31, 2020 are as follows: 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 $ $ $ $ $ 4.5 4.2 3.9 147.1 2.6 Foreign subsidiaries of the Company had $13.0 million of borrowings at December 31, 2020 and $16.2 million at December 31, 2019. We had outstanding bank guarantees and letters of credit of approximately $34.9 million at December 31, 2020 and $33.8 million at December 31, 2019 under our credit arrangements. The weighted average interest rate on all debt was approximately 5.4% in 2020 and 5.8% in 2019 and 2018. NOTE 9 — Income Taxes (Loss) income before income taxes consists of the following: $ $ $ United States Outside the United States Income taxes consists of the following: Current (benefit) expense: Federal State Foreign Deferred expense (benefit): Federal State Foreign Year Ended December 31, 2020 2019 2018 (27.7) 20.4 (7.3) $ $ 26.2 28.7 54.9 $ $ 35.1 36.7 71.8 Year Ended December 31, 2020 2019 2018 $ (16.5) 0.4 7.4 (8.7) 6.7 (0.2) (0.3) 6.2 $ 5.9 0.7 7.2 13.8 1.8 (0.2) (0.2) 1.4 6.4 0.6 9.0 16.0 1.3 0.1 (0.8) 0.6 16.6 Income tax (benefit) expense $ (2.5) $ 15.2 $ 58 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act was enacted on March 27, 2020. The CARES Act was a substantial tax-and-spending package intended to provide additional economic stimulus to address the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Significant impacts of the CARES Act include the ability to carry back a net operating loss five years and an increase of the Internal Revenue Code Section 163(j) interest expense disallowance limitations from 30% to 50% of adjusted taxable income. The Company has recorded a significant benefit for the impact of the net operating loss carryback, which provides for refunds related to tax years in which the U.S. tax rate was 35% versus the current U.S. tax rate of 21%. This additional tax benefit of 14% increased the 2020 tax benefit. A reconciliation of income tax (benefit) expense computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate to income tax expense as recorded is as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2020 2019 2018 $ Income tax (benefit) expense at U.S. statutory rate Effect of state income taxes, net Effect of foreign operations Valuation allowance Uncertain tax positions Non-deductible items Equity compensation CARES Act NOL carryback Foreign tax credit Other tax credits GILTI FDII Other, net $ (1.5) (0.3) 1.5 0.6 (1.0) 1.5 0.6 (5.3) (0.8) (0.3) 1.8 — 0.7 $ 11.5 0.3 1.9 0.6 0.1 2.5 — — (1.7) (0.8) 1.9 (0.8) (0.3) Income tax (benefit) expense as recorded $ (2.5) $ 15.2 $ 15.1 0.6 3.5 (3.0) (0.3) 1.3 — — (2.2) — 3.1 (0.6) (0.9) 16.6 59 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Significant components of the Company’s net deferred income tax assets and liabilities are as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2020 2019 Deferred income tax assets: Postretirement benefit obligation Inventory Net operating loss and credit carryforwards Operating lease liabilities Compensation Disallowed interest Other Total deferred income tax assets Deferred income tax liabilities: Depreciation and amortization Pension Intangible assets Lease right-of-use assets Other Total deferred income tax liabilities Net deferred income tax liabilities prior to valuation allowances Valuation allowances $ $ 1.7 0.8 16.4 15.4 3.9 — 6.4 44.6 20.1 16.3 16.8 15.2 3.0 71.4 (26.8) (6.2) Net deferred income tax liability $ (33.0) $ 1.7 8.7 11.6 13.8 2.9 4.6 4.8 48.1 21.0 13.9 16.8 13.5 3.0 68.2 (20.1) (4.8) (24.9) At December 31, 2020, the Company has U.S., state and foreign net operating loss carryforwards and U.S. foreign tax credit carryforwards for income tax purposes. The foreign net operating loss carryforward is $34.7 million, of which $15.0 million expires between 2021 and 2040 and the remainder has no expiration date. The Company has a tax benefit from a state net operating loss carryforward of $3.2 million that expires between 2021 and 2040. The Company also has a non-consolidated U.S. net operating loss carryforward of $2.2 million that expires between 2036 and 2037. The foreign tax credit carryforward is $0.5 million and expires in 2029. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company was not in a cumulative three-year loss position and it was determined that it was more likely than not that its U.S. deferred tax assets will be realized. The Company reviews all valuation allowances related to deferred tax assets and will reverse these valuation allowances, partially or totally, when appropriate under ASC 740. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows: 2020 2019 2018 Unrecognized Tax Benefit — January 1 Gross Increases to Tax Positions Related to Current Year Gross Increases to Tax Positions Related to Prior Years Gross Decreases to Tax Positions Related to Prior Years Gross Decreases related to settlements with taxing authorities Expiration of Statute of Limitations Unrecognized Tax Benefit — December 31 $ $ $ 3.7 — 0.1 (0.5) — (1.2) $ 0.9 0.5 2.6 — — (0.3) 2.1 $ 3.7 $ 1.2 0.1 — (0.1) (0.1) (0.2) 0.9 60 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate is $0.2 million at December 31, 2020 and $1.0 million at December 31, 2019. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company recognized a tax benefit of approximately $0.1 million and a tax expense of $0.1 million, respectively, in net interest and penalties due to the expiration of various uncertain tax positions. The Company had approximately $0.2 million for the payment of interest and penalties accrued at both December 31, 2020 and 2019. It is reasonably possible that, within the next twelve months, the amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits could be reduced by approximately $0.2 million as a result of the closure of tax statutes related to existing uncertain tax positions. The Company is subject to taxation in the U.S. and various state and foreign jurisdictions. The Company’s tax years for 2017 through 2020 remain open for examination by the Internal Revenue Service and 2014 through 2020 remain open for examination by various state and foreign taxing authorities. As of December 31, 2020, the Company has accumulated undistributed earnings generated by our foreign subsidiaries of approximately $201.8 million. Because $135.9 million of such earnings have previously been subject to the one-time transition taxes required by the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “TCJA”), any additional taxes due with respect to such earnings or the excess of the amount for financial reporting over the tax basis of our foreign investments would generally be limited to foreign withholding and state income taxes. We intend, however, to indefinitely reinvest these earnings and expect future U.S. cash generation to be sufficient to meet future U.S. cash needs. NOTE 10 — Stock-Based Compensation The Company follows the provisions of ASC 718, “Compensation — Stock Compensation” (“ASC 718”), which requires all share-based payments to employees to be recognized in the income statement based on their grant date fair values. Compensation expense for awards with service conditions only that are subject to graded vesting is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the vesting period. A summary of time-based and performance-based activity for the year ended December 31, 2020 is as follows: Outstanding — beginning of year Granted(a) Vested Cancelled or expired Outstanding — end of year Time-Based Performance-Based Number of Shares (in whole shares) 471,634 453,493 (179,121) (5,000) $ 741,006 $ Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value 32.06 17.15 35.70 37.55 22.02 Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Number of Shares (in whole shares) $ 50,000 — — — 50,000 $ 32.55 — — — 32.55 (a) Included in the granted amount are 6,100 restricted share units. The Company recognized compensation expense of $6.1 million, $4.1 million and $8.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively, relating to time-based awards and performance-based awards. The amount in 2019 is net of $1.7 million of forfeitures related to the departure of the Company’s former President, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (“Former CEO”). 61 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) The 50,000 share performance-based award in 2019 relates to a five-year cumulative profit target through 2023. Through December 31, 2020, no compensation expense was recognized as achievement of the performance target is deemed not probable. The total fair value of restricted shares and share units that vested during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 was $6.4 million, $8.0 million and $8.3 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had unrecognized compensation expense of $10.1 million related to restricted shares. The unrecognized compensation expense is expected to be recognized over a total weighted average period of 2.1 years. NOTE 11 — Commitments and Contingencies The Company is subject to various pending and threatened legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company records a liability for loss contingencies in the consolidated financial statements when a loss is known or considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Our provisions are based on historical experience, current information and legal advice, and they may be adjusted in the future based on new developments. Estimating probable losses requires the analysis of multiple forecasted factors that often depend on judgments and potential actions by third parties. Although it is not possible to predict with certainty the ultimate outcome or cost of these matters, the Company believes they will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial statements. Our subsidiaries are involved in a number of contractual and warranty-related disputes. We believe that appropriate liabilities for these contingencies have been recorded; however, actual results may differ materially from our estimates. In addition to the routine lawsuits and asserted claims noted above, we are also a co-defendant in approximately 118 cases asserting claims on behalf of approximately 219 plaintiffs alleging personal injury as a result of exposure to asbestos. These asbestos cases generally relate to production and sale of asbestos-containing products and allege various theories of liability, including negligence, gross negligence and strict liability, and seek compensatory and, in some cases, punitive damages. In every asbestos case in which we are named as a party, the complaints are filed against multiple named defendants. To the extent that any specific amount of damages is sought, the amount applies to claims against all named defendants. Historically, we have been dismissed from asbestos cases on the basis that the plaintiff incorrectly sued one of our subsidiaries or because the plaintiff failed to identify any asbestos-containing product manufactured or sold by us or our subsidiaries. We intend to vigorously defend these asbestos cases and believe we will continue to be successful in being dismissed from such cases. However, it is not possible to predict the ultimate outcome of asbestos-related lawsuits, claims and proceedings due to the unpredictable nature of personal injury litigation. Despite this uncertainty, and although our results of operations and cash flows for a particular period could be adversely affected by asbestos-related lawsuits, claims and proceedings, management believes that the ultimate resolution of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity or results of operations. Among the factors management considered in reaching this conclusion were: (a) our historical success in being dismissed from these types of lawsuits on the bases mentioned above; (b) many cases have been improperly filed against one of our subsidiaries; (c) in many cases the plaintiffs have been unable to establish any causal relationship to us or our products or premises; (d) in many cases, the plaintiffs have been unable to demonstrate that they have suffered any identifiable injury or compensable loss at all or that any injuries that they have incurred did in fact result from alleged exposure to asbestos; and (e) the complaints assert 62 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) claims against multiple defendants and, in most cases, the damages alleged are not attributed to individual defendants. Additionally, we do not believe that the amounts claimed in any of the asbestos cases are meaningful indicators of our potential exposure because the amounts claimed typically bear no relation to the extent of the plaintiff’s injury, if any. NOTE 12—Lease Arrangements We lease manufacturing facilities, warehouse space, office space, machinery and equipment, information technology equipment and vehicles under operating leases. We also lease one building and machinery and numerous equipment under finance leases. For operating leases with terms greater than 12 months, we record the operating right-of-use asset and related lease liability at the present value of lease payments over the lease term. In certain real estate leases, we have options to renew lease terms, generally at our sole discretion. We evaluate renewal options at the lease commencement date to determine if we are reasonably certain to exercise the option on the basis of economic factors. The discount rate implicit in our operating leases is generally not determinable, and therefore the Company determines the discount rate for each lease based on its incremental borrowing rate. The incremental borrowing rate is calculated based on lease term, currency and collateral adjustments. During 2020, the Company obtained right-of-use assets in exchange for new operating lease liabilities of $18.0 million. Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 Classification on the Balance Sheet December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 Assets Operating lease assets Finance lease assets Total lease assets Liabilities Current Operating Finance Noncurrent Operating Finance Operating lease right-of-use assets Property, plant and equipment, net Current portion of operating lease liabilities Current portion of long-term debt and short-term debt Long-term operating lease liabilities Long-term debt Total lease liabilities Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years) Operating leases Finance leases Weighted-average discount rate Operating leases Finance leases $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 68.6 28.2 96.8 12.9 7.1 56.7 11.6 88.3 6.5 4.1 64.3 27.1 91.4 11.9 7.0 53.6 10.2 82.7 7.1 3.9 5.4% 4.1% 5.4% 3.7% 63 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Lease Expense for 2020 and 2019 Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, with variable payments recognized in the period those payments are incurred. Finance lease expense Amortization of right-of-use assets Interest on lease liabilities Operating lease expense Other lease expense(1) Total lease expense 2020 2019 $ $ 4.6 0.5 16.9 6.4 28.4 $ $ 3.7 0.7 17.4 6.3 28.1 (1) - Other lease expense includes variable lease costs and short-term lease costs. Total lease expense for 2018 was $27.4 million. Cash Flow Information for 2020 and 2019 Amounts included in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows: Operating cash outflows for operating leases Operating cash outflows for finance leases Financing cash inflows (outflows) for finance leases Maturities of Lease Liabilities as of December 31, 2020, were as follows: 2020 2019 $ $ $ (16.8) (0.5) 1.4 $ $ $ (17.2) (0.7) (3.4) Operating Leases Finance Leases 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Thereafter Total lease payments Less: amount of lease payments representing interest $ $ 16.1 14.5 12.8 10.5 8.0 20.6 82.5 (12.9) Total present value of future lease payments $ 69.6 $ 7.7 4.8 4.0 2.1 0.9 0.9 20.4 (1.7) 18.7 Certain of the Company’s leases are with related parties at an annual rental expense of approximately $2.6 million. Transactions with related parties are not material to the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows. NOTE 13 — Pensions and Postretirement Benefits The Company and its subsidiaries have pension plans, principally noncontributory defined benefit or noncontributory defined contribution plans, covering substantially all employees. In addition, the Company has an unfunded postretirement benefit plan. One of its defined benefit plans, covering most U.S. employees not covered by collective bargaining agreements, utilizes a cash balance formula. Under a cash balance formula, a plan participant accumulates a retirement benefit consisting of pay credits that are based upon a percentage of 64 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) current eligible earnings and current interest credits. For the remaining defined benefit plans, benefits are based on the employee’s years of service. For the defined contribution plans, the costs charged to operations and the amount funded are based upon a percentage of the covered employees’ compensation. The Company’s objectives for the pension plan are to monitor the funded ratio; create general investment goals with regard to acceptable risk and liquidity needs ensuring the long-term interests of participants and beneficiaries are considered; and manage risk by minimizing the short-term and long-term risk of actual expenses and contribution requirements. The following tables set forth the changes in benefit obligation, plan assets, funded status and amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheet for the defined benefit pension and postretirement benefit plans as of December 31, 2020 and 2019: Pension Benefits 2020 2019 Postretirement Benefits 2020 2019 Change in benefit obligation Benefit obligation at beginning of year Service cost Interest cost Actuarial losses Benefits and expenses paid Benefit obligation at end of year Change in plan assets Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year Actual return on plan assets Company contributions Cash transfer to fund postretirement benefit payments Benefits and expenses paid Fair value of plan assets at end of year Funded (underfunded) status of the plans $ $ $ $ $ $ 79.4 4.1 2.1 6.6 (5.7) $ 71.2 3.8 2.6 7.4 (5.6) $ 8.0 — 0.2 0.6 (0.9) 86.5 $ 79.4 $ 7.9 $ 144.4 23.2 — (0.6) (5.7) 161.3 74.8 $ $ $ 128.2 22.7 — (0.9) (5.6) 144.4 65.0 — $ — 0.9 — (0.9) — $ (7.9) $ 8.5 — 0.3 0.5 (1.3) 8.0 — — 1.3 — (1.3) — (8.0) Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets consist of: Pension Benefits 2020 2019 Pension assets Other current liabilities Other long-term liabilities Amounts recognized in Accumulated other comprehensive loss Net actuarial loss Net prior service cost Accumulated other comprehensive loss $ $ $ $ 65.0 — — 65.0 28.1 0.2 28.3 $ $ $ $ 74.8 — — 74.8 21.3 0.2 21.5 65 Postretirement Benefits 2020 2019 — $ 0.8 7.1 7.9 $ 3.0 — 3.0 $ $ — 0.9 7.1 8.0 2.6 — 2.6 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) The pension plan weighted-average asset allocation at December 31, 2020 and 2019 and target allocation for 2021 are as follows: Asset Category Equity securities Debt securities Other Target 2021 2020 2019 Plan Assets 45-75% 15-35% 0-25% 100% 61.5% 20.0% 18.5% 100% 59.2% 25.5% 15.3% 100% The following table sets forth, by level within the fair value hierarchy, the pension plans assets: Common stock Equity securities Foreign stock U.S. Government obligations Fixed income securities Corporate bonds Cash and cash equivalents Total 2020 2019 Level 1 Total Level 1 Total $ 30.7 $ 63.1 6.8 8.5 6.4 16.0 5.9 30.7 $ 63.1 6.8 8.5 6.4 16.0 5.9 40.0 $ 43.9 7.0 8.6 11.5 14.2 2.7 $ 137.4 $ 127.9 Investments measured at net asset value: Common collective trusts Hedge funds 3.2 20.7 40.0 43.9 7.0 8.6 11.5 14.2 2.7 — 16.5 Total assets at fair value $ 161.3 $ 144.4 Valuation Methodologies: Following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for pension plan assets measured at fair value. There have been no changes in the methodologies used at December 31, 2020 and 2019. Common stock, equity securities and foreign stock—These securities consist of direct investments in the stock of publicly-traded companies. Such investments are valued based on the closing price reported in an active market on which the individual securities are traded. As such, the direct investments are classified as Level 1. U.S. Government obligations, fixed income securities and corporate bonds—Valued at the closing price of each security. Cash equivalents—Consists of primarily money market funds and certificates of deposit, for which book value equals fair value. Common collective trusts—Valued at the net unit value of units held by the trust at year end. The unit value is determined by the total value of fund assets divided by the total number of units of the fund owned. The equity investments in collective trusts are predominantly in index funds for which the underlying securities are actively traded in public markets based upon readily measurable prices. Common collective trusts are measured at fair 66 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) value using the net asset value per share practical expedient have not been categorized in the fair value hierarchy and are being presented in the tables above to permit a reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the total plan assets. Hedge funds—Consists of direct investments in hedge funds through limited partnership interests. Net asset values are based on the estimated fair value of the ownership interest in the investment as determined by the general partner. The majority of the holdings of the hedge funds are in equity securities traded on public exchanges. The investment terms of the hedge funds allow capital to be redeemed quarterly given prior notice with certain limitations. Hedge funds measured at fair value using the net asset value per share practical expedient have not been categorized in the fair value hierarchy and are being presented in the tables above to permit a reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the total plan assets. For additional information regarding fair value measurements, see Note 1. The following tables summarize the assumptions used in the valuation of pension and postretirement benefit obligations at December 31 and the measurement of the net periodic benefit cost in the following year. The Company used a spot rate approach by applying the specific spot rates along the yield curve to the relevant projected cash flows in the estimation of the service and interest components of benefit cost. Weighted-Average assumptions as of December 31, Pension Benefits Postretirement Benefits 2020 2019 2018 2020 2019 2018 Assumptions used to determine benefit obligation at year-end Discount rate Rate of compensation increase Health care cost trend rate Ultimate health care cost trend rate Year of ultimate trend rate Assumptions used to determine expense Discount rate for benefit obligations Discount rate for service costs Discount rate for interest costs Expected return on plan assets Rate of compensation increase Medical health care benefits rate increase Medical drug benefits rate increase Ultimate health care cost trend rate Year of ultimate trend rate 2.40% 3.22% 4.24% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 3.22% 4.11% 3.51% 3.25% 4.14% 3.60% 2.76% 3.72% 3.08% 7.75% 8.25% 8.25% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 1.95% 2.94% 4.06% N/A N/A 6.25% 6.25% 6.50% 5.00% 5.00% 5.00% 2028 2025 2025 N/A 2.95% 4.06% 3.35% 3.29% 4.34% 3.70% 2.56% 3.72% 2.92% N/A N/A N/A N/A 6.25% 6.50% 6.50% 6.25% 6.50% 6.50% 5.00% 5.00% 5.00% 2028 N/A N/A 2025 2025 In determining its expected return on plan assets assumption for the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company considered historical experience, its asset allocation, expected future long-term rates of return for each major asset class, and an assumed long-term inflation rate. This assumption was supported by the asset return generation model, which projected future asset returns using simulation and asset class correlation. 67 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Components of net periodic benefit cost Service costs Interest costs Expected return on plan assets Amortization of prior service cost (credit) Recognized net actuarial loss Benefit (income) costs Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss (“AOCI”) AOCI at beginning of year Net (loss) gain arising during the year Recognition of prior service credit Recognition of actuarial loss Total recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss at end of year Pension Benefits Postretirement Benefits 2020 2019 2018 2020 2019 2018 $ 4.1 2.1 (11.7) — 1.9 $ 3.8 2.6 (10.9) — 2.2 $ 3.7 2.2 (11.6) — 0.3 $ (3.6) $ (2.3) $ (5.4) $ — 0.2 — — 0.2 $ 0.4 $ — 0.3 — (0.1) 0.3 $ 0.5 $ — 0.3 — (0.1) 0.1 $ 0.3 $ 28.3 (1.8) — (5.0) $ 35.0 (2.2) — (4.5) $ 16.8 (0.3) — 18.5 $ 2.6 (0.2) — 0.6 $ 2.3 (0.3) 0.1 0.5 $ 2.0 (0.1) 0.1 0.3 $ 21.5 $ 28.3 $ 35.0 $ 3.0 $ 2.6 $ 2.3 Below is a table summarizing the Company’s expected future benefit payments and the expected payments due to Medicare subsidy over the next ten years: 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 to 2030 Pension Benefits Gross $ $ 5.9 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.3 31.4 Postretirement Benefits Expected Medicare Subsidy Net including Medicare Subsidy $ 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 2.8 $ 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 2.6 The Company expects to make no contributions to its defined benefit plans in 2021 and beyond, as pension benefits are expected to be paid out of plan assets and postretirement benefits are paid directly by the Company. In January 2008, a Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (“SERP”) for the Former CEO was approved by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company. The SERP provides an annual supplemental retirement benefit of up to $0.4 million upon the Former CEO’s termination of employment with the Company. The Former CEO is fully vested in the SERP, which has a balance of $2.3 million as of December 31, 2020. 68 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) NOTE 14 — Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) The components of and changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 were as follows: Cumulative Translation Adjustment Pension and Postretirement Benefits Total Balance at January 1, 2018 Currency translation Pension and OPEB activity, net of tax Balance at December 31, 2018 Currency translation Pension and OPEB activity, net of tax Balance at December 31, 2019 Currency translation Pension and OPEB activity, net of tax $ $ (11.6) (9.7) — (21.3) (1.1) — (22.4) 14.1 — $ (6.3) — (13.3) (19.6) — 5.0 (14.6) — 4.8 Balance at December 31, 2020 $ (8.3) $ (9.8) $ No income taxes are provided on currency translation as foreign earnings are considered permanently (17.9) (9.7) (13.3) (40.9) (1.1) 5.0 (37.0) 14.1 4.8 (18.1) re-invested. NOTE 15 — Subsequent Event On January 29, 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.125 per common share. The dividend was paid on February 26, 2021, to shareholders of record as of the close of business on February 12, 2021 and resulted in a cash outlay of $1.6 million. 69 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) NOTE 16 — Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited) 2020 Net sales Gross profit Net income (loss) Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interest Net income (loss) attributable to ParkOhio common shareholders Earnings (loss) per common share attributable to ParkOhio common shareholders: Basic Diluted Cash dividends per common share 2019 Net sales Gross profit Net income Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest Net income attributable to ParkOhio common shareholders Earnings per common share attributable to ParkOhio common shareholders: Basic Diluted Cash dividends per common share $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Quarter Ended Mar. 31 Jun. 30 Sept. 30 Dec. 31 $ $ 366.3 53.9 1.3 (0.1) 228.3 14.2 (17.0) 0.4 340.2 49.7 5.2 0.1 $ 360.4 50.8 5.7 (0.1) 1.2 $ (16.6) $ 5.3 $ 5.6 $ $ $ $ 0.10 0.10 0.125 420.1 65.3 11.7 (0.5) (1.38) $ (1.38) $ 0.44 0.44 $ $ 0.46 0.45 — $ — $ 0.125 $ 415.3 66.2 7.9 (0.3) $ 403.4 66.5 12.4 (0.2) 379.5 62.3 7.7 (0.1) 11.2 $ 7.6 $ 12.2 $ 7.6 0.92 0.90 0.125 $ $ $ 0.62 0.61 0.125 $ $ $ 1.00 0.99 0.125 $ $ $ 0.62 0.61 0.125 Results for the second quarter of 2019 include net expense of $4.3 million due to the retirement and resignation of our Former CEO. 70 Supplementary Financial Data Schedule II PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. SCHEDULE II — VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS AND RESERVES Description Year Ended December 31, 2020: Allowances deducted from assets: Trade receivable allowances Inventory reserves Tax valuation allowances Year Ended December 31, 2019: Allowances deducted from assets: Trade receivable allowances Inventory reserves Tax valuation allowances Year Ended December 31, 2018: Allowances deducted from assets: Trade receivable allowances Inventory reserves Tax valuation allowances Balance at Beginning of Period Charged to Costs and Expenses Deductions and Other Balance at End of Period $ $ $ 4.9 34.2 5.5 6.2 34.9 5.3 4.5 29.8 11.6 3.0 13.1 1.0 1.3 5.3 0.2 2.0 7.5 (6.3) $ $ $ (2.4) (A) (8.0) (B) — (2.6) (A) (6.0) (B) — (0.3)(A) (2.4)(B) — 5.5 39.3 6.5 4.9 34.2 5.5 6.2 34.9 5.3 Note (A)- Uncollectable accounts written off, net of recoveries. Note (B)- Amounts written off. 71 Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure None. Item 9A. Controls and Procedures Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures As of the end of the period covered by this report, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and our Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”). Based upon this evaluation, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and Vice President and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective. Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act. As required by Rule 13a-15(c) under the Exchange Act, management carried out an evaluation, with participation of our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020. The framework on which such evaluation was based is contained in the report entitled “Internal Control — Integrated Framework” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 Framework) (the “COSO Report”). Based upon the evaluation described above under the framework contained in the COSO Report, our management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2020. Ernst & Young LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, who audited the consolidated financial statements of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2020, also audited the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Their report is set forth on pages 35—37 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and is incorporated by reference into this Item 9A. Changes in internal control over financial reporting There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the fourth quarter of 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Item 9B. Other Information None. 72 Part III Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance The information concerning directors, the identification of the audit committee and the audit committee financial expert and our code of ethics required under this item is incorporated herein by reference from the material contained under the captions “Election of Directors” and “Corporate Governance,” as applicable, in our definitive proxy statement for the 2021 annual meeting of shareholders to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A not later than 120 days after the close of the fiscal year (the “Proxy Statement”). Information relating to executive officers is contained in Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Item 11. Executive Compensation The information relating to executive officer and director compensation and the compensation committee report contained under the heading “Executive Compensation” in the Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference. The information relating to compensation committee interlocks contained under the heading “Corporate Governance — Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation” in the Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference. Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters The information required under this item is incorporated herein by reference from the material contained under the caption “Principal Shareholders” in the Proxy Statement, except that information required by Item 201(d) of Regulation S-K can be found below. Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence The information required under this item is incorporated herein by reference to the material contained under the captions “Corporate Governance Director Independence” and “Transactions With Related Persons” in the Proxy Statement. Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services The information required under this item is incorporated herein by reference to the material contained under the caption “Audit Committee — Independent Auditor Fee Information” in the Proxy Statement. 73 Part IV Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules (a)(1) The following financial statements are included in Part II, Item 8 of this annual report on Form 10-K: Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consolidated Balance Sheets — December 31, 2020 and 2019 Consolidated Statements of Operations — Years Ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income — Years Ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity — Years Ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows — Years Ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited) — Years Ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (2) Financial Statement Schedules The following consolidated financial statement schedule of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. is included in Item 8: Schedule II — Valuation and Qualifying accounts Page 39 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 70 71 All other schedules for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulations of the SEC are not required under the related instructions or are not applicable and, therefore, have been omitted. (3) Exhibits: Exhibit 3.1 3.2 4.1 4.2 Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Form 10-K of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. for the year ended December 31, 1998, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated by reference and made a part hereof) Code of Regulations of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. (filed as Exhibit 3.2 to the Form 10-K of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. for the year ended December 31, 1998, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated by reference and made a part hereof) Indenture, dated April 17, 2017, among Park-Ohio Industries, Inc., the Guarantors (as defined therein) and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee (including Form of Note) (filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Form 8-K of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. filed on April 17, 2017, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated herein by reference and made a part hereof). Seventh Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated April 17, 2017, among Park-Ohio Industries, Inc., RB&W Corporation of Canada, the European Borrowers (as defined therein) party thereto, the other Loan Parties (as defined therein), the Lenders (as defined therein), JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Toronto Branch, as Canadian agent, J.P. Morgan Europe Limited, as European agent and J.P. Morgan Securities Inc., as sole lead arranger and bookrunning manager (filed as Exhibit 4.3 to the Form 8-K of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. filed on April 17, 2017, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated herein by reference and made a part hereof). 74 Exhibit 4.3 10.1 10.2* 10.3* 10.4* 10.5* 10.6* 10.7* 10.8* 10.9* 10.10* 10.11* 10.12* Description of Common Stock (filed as Exhibit 4.3 to the Form 10-K of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. filed on March 12, 2020, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated herein by reference and made a part hereof).Description of Common Stock (filed as Exhibit 4.3 to the Form 10-K of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. filed on March 12, 2020, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated herein by reference and made a part hereof). Form of Indemnification Agreement entered into between Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and each of its directors and certain officers (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 10-K of Park- Ohio Holdings Corp. for the year ended December 31, 1998, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated by reference and made a part hereof) 2015 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan (filed as Exhibit 4.4 to Form S-8 of Park- Ohio Holdings Corp., filed on June 4, 2015, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated by reference and made a part hereof) 2018 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan (filed as Exhibit 4.4 to Form S-8 of Park- Ohio Holdings Corp., filed on June 27, 2018, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated by reference and made a part hereof) Form of Restricted Share Agreement between the Company and each non-employee director (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp., filed on January 25, 2005, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated herein by reference and made a part hereof) Form of Restricted Share Agreement for Employees (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 10-Q for Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. for the quarter ended September 30, 2006, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated herein by reference and made a part hereof) Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement (filed as Exhibit 10.5 to Form 10-K of Park- Ohio Holdings Corp. for the year ended December 31, 2004, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated by reference and made a part hereof) Form of Non-Statutory Stock Option Agreement (filed as Exhibit 10.6 to Form 10-K of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. for the year ended December 31, 2004, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated herein by reference and made a part hereof) Park-Ohio Industries, Inc. Annual Cash Bonus Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Form 10-Q for Park-Ohio Holdings Corp, filed August 10, 2015, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated by reference and made a part hereof) Form of Performance Based Restricted Share Agreement (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 10-Q of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. filed August 10, 2015, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated by reference and made a part hereof) Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan for Edward F. Crawford, effective as of March 10, 2008 (filed as Exhibit 10.9 to Form 10-K of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. for the year ended December 31, 2007, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated by reference and made a part hereof) Non-qualified Defined Contribution Retirement Benefit Letter Agreement for Edward F. Crawford, dated March 10, 2008 (filed as Exhibit 10.10 to Form 10-K of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. for the year ended December 31, 2007, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated by reference and made a part hereof) 2009 Director Supplemental Defined Contribution Plan of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. (Filed as Exhibit 10 to Form 10-Q of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. filed May 10, 2011, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated by reference and made a part hereof) 21.1 List of Subsidiaries of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. 75 Exhibit 23.1 24.1 31.1 31.2 32.1 101.INS 101.SCH 101.CAL 101.DEF 101.LAB 101.PRE 104 * Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Power of Attorney Principal Executive Officer’s Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Principal Financial Officer’s Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Certification requirement under Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Inline XBRL Instance Document Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document) Reflects management contract or other compensatory arrangement required to be filed as an exhibit pursuant to Item 15(c) of this Report. * Reflects management contract or other compensatory arrangement required to be filed as an exhibit pursuant to Item 15(c) of this Report. Item 16. Form 10-K Summary None. 76 Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized. SIGNATURES PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. (Registrant) By: /s/ Patrick W. Fogarty Name: Patrick W. Fogarty Title: Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) Date: March 5, 2021 Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated. * Matthew V. Crawford * Patrick W. Fogarty * Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and President (Principal Executive Officer) Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) Patrick V. Auletta Director * John D. Grampa Director * Howard W. Hanna. IV Director * Dan T. Moore, III Director * Ronna Romney Director * Steven H. Rosen Director * James W. Wert Director March 5, 2021 * The undersigned, pursuant to a Power of Attorney executed by each of the directors and officers identified above and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, by signing his name hereto, does hereby sign and execute this report on behalf of each of the persons noted above, in the capacities indicated. March 5, 2021 By: /s/ ROBERT D. VILSACK Robert D. Vilsack, Chief Legal Officer 77 [THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK] PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER’S CERTIFICATIONS PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 Exhibit 31.1 I, Matthew V. Crawford, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp.; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. /s/ Matthew V. Crawford By: Name: Matthew V. Crawford Title: Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and President Dated: March 5, 2021 [THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK] PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER’S CERTIFICATIONS PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 Exhibit 31.2 I, Patrick W. Fogarty, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp.; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. By: /s/ Patrick W. Fogarty Name: Patrick W. Fogarty Title: Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Dated: March 5, 2021 [THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK] CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 Exhibit 32.1 In connection with the Annual Report of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2020, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), each of the undersigned officers of the Company certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to such officer’s knowledge: (1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and (2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company as of the dates and for the periods expressed in the Report. By: /s/ Matthew V. Crawford Name: Matthew V. Crawford Title: Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and President By: /s/ Patrick W. Fogarty Name: Patrick W. Fogarty Title: Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Dated: March 5, 2021 The foregoing certification is being furnished solely pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350 and is not being filed as part of the Report or as a separate disclosure document. THIS PAGE IS NOT PART OF PARKOHIO’S FORM 10-K FILING ParkOhio Performance Graph The following graph compares the cumulative total return of ParkOhio’s common stock for the five-year period ending December 31, 2020, against the cumulative total return of the S&P SmallCap 600 Index (broad market comparison) and the NASDAQ Stock Market (U.S. companies) (line of business comparison). The graph and table assume $100 was invested on December 31, 2015 and all dividends were reinvested. Produced on 2/1/2021 including data to 12/31/2020 Comparison of Five Year Cumulative Total Return 300.00 250.00 200.00 150.00 100.00 50.00 0.00 12/31/2015 12/31/2016 12/31/2017 12/31/2018 12/31/2019 12/31/2020 Legend Symbol Total Return Index For: 12/2015 12/2016 12/2017 12/2018 12/2019 12/2020 Park-Ohio Holdings Corp S&P Smallcap 600 Index NASDAQ Stock Market (US Companies) 100.00 100.00 100.00 117.91 126.56 109.80 128.84 143.30 141.97 87.16 131.15 139.65 97.07 161.03 190.07 89.95 179.20 273.58 / • (cid:2) Notes: A. B. C. D. The lines represent monthly index levels derived from compounded daily returns that include all dividends. The indexes are reweighted daily, using the market capitalization on the previous trading day. If the monthly interval, based on the fiscal year-end, is not a trading day, the preceding trading day is used. The index level for all series was set to $100.00 on 12/31/2015. NOTE: Prepared by Zacks Investment Research, Inc. Used with permission. All rights reserved. Copyright 1980- 2021. NOTE: Index Data: Copyright Standard and Poor’s, Inc. Used with permission. All rights reserved. NOTE: Index Data: Calculated (or Derived) based from CRSP NASDAQ Stock Market (US Companies), Center for Research in Security Prices (CRSP®), Graduate School of Business, The University of Chicago. Copyright 2021. Used with permission. All rights reserved. Board of Directors Matthew V. Crawford (a)(d) Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President Patrick V. Auletta (a) President Emeritus KeyBank National Association Edward F. Crawford Director Former US Ambassador to Ireland Former Chairman and CEO of ParkOhio John D. Grampa (b) Retired Chief Financial Officer Materion Corporation Howard W. Hanna IV (b) President Howard Hanna Real Estate Services Officers Dan T. Moore III (d)(e) Chief Executive Officer Dan T. Moore Co. Ronna Romney (a)(c)(e) Director Molina Healthcare, Inc. Steven H. Rosen (b)(c) Co-Chief Executive Officer Resilience Capital Partners James W. Wert (b)(e) Chief Executive Officer and President CM Wealth Advisors, Inc. (a) Executive Committee (b) Audit Committee (c) Compensation Committee (d) Long-Range Planning Committee (e) Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee Matthew V. Crawford Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President Patrick W. Fogarty Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Robert D. Vilsack Secretary and Chief Legal Officer Shareholder Information and Press Releases ParkOhio files Forms 10-K and 10-Q with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Shareholders may obtain copies of these reports, including ParkOhio’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2020, and copies of ParkOhio’s Annual Report to Shareholders, without charge, by accessing the Company’s website at www.pkoh.com or by writing or calling: Corporate Secretary Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. 6065 Parkland Boulevard Cleveland, Ohio 44124 (440) 947-2000 www.pkoh.com ParkOhio’s recent news releases may also be accessed through its website. ParkOhio World Headquarters Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. ~ 6065 Parkland Boulevard ~ Cleveland, OH 44124 ~ 440-947-2000 ~ www.pkoh.com