2017 Annual Report To Our Fellow Shareholders: ParkOhio is preparing for higher annual revenues and increaassed earninngs per share in 2018. ParkOhio has a great future behind it. Edward F. Crawford Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (cid:94)(cid:258)(cid:367)(cid:286)(cid:400)(cid:3)(cid:271)(cid:455)(cid:3)(cid:39)(cid:286)(cid:381)(cid:336)(cid:396)(cid:258)(cid:393)(cid:393)(cid:346)(cid:346)(cid:349)(cid:349)(cid:272)(cid:272)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:90)(cid:286)(cid:286)(cid:336)(cid:336)(cid:349)(cid:381)(cid:374)(cid:374) (cid:94)(cid:94)(cid:258)(cid:258)(cid:367)(cid:286)(cid:286)(cid:400)(cid:3)(cid:271)(cid:271)(cid:455)(cid:455)(cid:3)(cid:94)(cid:94)(cid:94)(cid:286)(cid:286)(cid:336)(cid:336)(cid:373)(cid:373)(cid:286)(cid:286)(cid:374)(cid:410) (cid:1005)(cid:1081) (cid:1012)(cid:1081) (cid:1011)(cid:1081) (cid:1005)(cid:1004)(cid:1081) (cid:1013)(cid:1081) (cid:1010)(cid:1009)(cid:1081) (cid:936)(cid:1012)(cid:936)(cid:1012)(cid:936)(cid:1012)(cid:936)(cid:1012)(cid:1004)(cid:1004)(cid:1004) (cid:936)(cid:936)(cid:1011)(cid:936)(cid:1011)(cid:936)(cid:1011)(cid:1004)(cid:1004)(cid:1004) (cid:936)(cid:1010)(cid:936)(cid:1010)(cid:936)(cid:1010)(cid:1004)(cid:1004) (cid:936)(cid:1009)(cid:936)(cid:1009)(cid:1004)(cid:1004) (cid:936)(cid:1008)(cid:1004) (cid:936)(cid:1007)(cid:1004) (cid:936)(cid:1006)(cid:1004)(cid:1004) (cid:936)(cid:1005)(cid:936)(cid:1005)(cid:1004)(cid:1004) (cid:936)(cid:1004) Unnited Sttateatess AsiAsiaa EurEuropopee CaCanada MexMe icoo OtOthere (cid:1006)(cid:1007)(cid:1081) (cid:1007)(cid:1011)(cid:1081) (cid:1008)(cid:1004)(cid:1081) SSupSupSu plyplyyyy TecTeTeTeTececTTTeT hnohnologloglo iesie Assssssssssembemememememblyly ComComponents EEEngEngEn ineneereeredd Proroducd ts (cid:18)(cid:18)(cid:18)(cid:258)(cid:258)(cid:258)(cid:400)(cid:400)(cid:400)(cid:346)(cid:346)(cid:346)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:38)(cid:38)(cid:38)(cid:367)(cid:367)(cid:367)(cid:367)(cid:381)(cid:381)(cid:381)(cid:381)(cid:449)(cid:449)(cid:449)(cid:449)(cid:3)(cid:296)(cid:296)(cid:296)(cid:396)(cid:396)(cid:381)(cid:381)(cid:381)(cid:373)(cid:373)(cid:373)(cid:3)(cid:75)(cid:75)(cid:393)(cid:393)(cid:393)(cid:286)(cid:286)(cid:396)(cid:396)(cid:258)(cid:258)(cid:410)(cid:410)(cid:349)(cid:349)(cid:381)(cid:381)(cid:381)(cid:374)(cid:374)(cid:374)(cid:400)(cid:400)(cid:400) (cid:894)(cid:349)(cid:894)(cid:349)(cid:374)(cid:374) (cid:373)(cid:349)(cid:373)(cid:349)(cid:367)(cid:367)(cid:349)(cid:381)(cid:349)(cid:381)(cid:374)(cid:400)(cid:374)(cid:400)(cid:895)(cid:895)(cid:895) (cid:936)(cid:1011)(cid:936)(cid:1011)(cid:936)(cid:1011)(cid:936)(cid:1011)(cid:936)(cid:1011)(cid:936)(cid:1011)(cid:936)(cid:1011)(cid:936) (cid:1007)(cid:1007)(cid:1007)(cid:1007)(cid:1007)(cid:1007)(cid:1007)(cid:1007) (cid:936)(cid:1010)(cid:936)(cid:1010)(cid:936)(cid:1010)(cid:936)(cid:1010)(cid:1004)(cid:1004) (cid:936)(cid:1009)(cid:936)(cid:1009)(cid:1008) (cid:936)(cid:1008)(cid:936)(cid:1008)(cid:936)(cid:1008)(cid:936)(cid:1008)(cid:1009)(cid:1009)(cid:1009)(cid:1009) (cid:936)(cid:1008)(cid:936) (cid:1011) (cid:1006)(cid:1004)(cid:1005)(cid:1007) (cid:1006)(cid:1004)(cid:1005)(cid:1008) (cid:1006)(cid:1004)(cid:1005)(cid:1009) (cid:1006)(cid:1004)(cid:1005)(cid:1010) (cid:1006)(cid:1004)(cid:1005)(cid:1011) 2017 FORM 10-K [THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK] UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K (Mark One) Í ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 or ‘ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 to For the transition period from Commission file number: 000-03134 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Ohio 34-1867219 (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 6065 Parkland Boulevard, Cleveland, Ohio (Address of principal executive offices) 44124 (Zip Code) Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (440) 947-2000 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Name of each exchange on which registered Common Stock, Par Value $1.00 Per Share The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. is a successor issuer to Park-Ohio Industries, Inc. Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ‘ No Í Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ‘ No Í Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes Í No ‘ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes Í No ‘ Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. Í Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer ‘ Non-accelerated filer ‘ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Accelerated filer Smaller reporting company Emerging growth company If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accountings standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ‘ Í ‘ ‘ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ‘ Yes Í No Aggregate market value of the registrant’s Common Stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant: Approximately $319,540,000 based on the closing price of $38.10 per share of the registrant’s Common Stock on June 30, 2017. Number of shares outstanding of registrant’s Common Stock, par value $1.00 per share, as of February 28, 2018: 12,538,751. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on or about May 10, 2018 are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K. [THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK] PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. FORM 10-K ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS Item No. PART I. 1. 1A. 1B. 2. 3. 4. Business Risk Factors Unresolved Staff Comments Properties Legal Proceedings Mine Safety Disclosures PART II. 5. 6. 7. Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Selected Financial Data Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 8. 9. 9A. 9B. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure Controls and Procedures Other Information PART III 10. 11. 12 13. 14. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance Executive Compensation Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence Principal Accountant Fees and Services PART IV. 15. 16. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules Form 10-K Summary Signatures Page 2 8 16 16 18 19 20 21 22 37 38 74 74 74 75 75 75 75 75 76 78 79 1 Part I Item 1. Business Overview Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. (“Holdings” or “ParkOhio”), incorporated in Ohio since 1998, is a diversified international company providing world-class customers with a supply chain management outsourcing service, capital equipment used on their production lines, and manufactured components used to assemble their products. References herein to “we” or “the Company” include, where applicable, Holdings and Park-Ohio Industries, Inc. and Holdings’ other direct and indirect subsidiaries. The Company operates through three reportable segments: Supply Technologies, Assembly Components and Engineered Products. As of December 31, 2017, we employed approximately 6,100 people. Further discussion of and financial information for these segments, including net sales, operating income, assets, capital expenditures and depreciation and amortization, is contained in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 2 The following table summarizes the key attributes of each of our business segments: Supply Technologies Assembly Components Engineered Products NET SALES FOR 2017 $561.8 million SELECTED PRODUCTS Sourcing, planning and procurement of over 245,000 production components, including: • Fasteners • Pins • Valves • Hoses • Wire harnesses • Clamps and fittings • Rubber and plastic components • Other Class C and MRO $326.6 million • Induction heating and melting systems • Pipe threading systems • Industrial oven systems • Forging presses • Forged steel and machined products $524.5 million • Control arms • Knuckles • Injection and compression molded rubber products • Turbo charging hose • Turbo coolant hose • Rubber and thermoplastic hose • Oil pans • Flywheel spacers • Fuel filler assemblies • Gasoline direct injection SELECTED INDUSTRIES SERVED products systems • Automotive and light • Ferrous and non-ferrous vehicle • Agricultural equipment • Construction equipment • Heavy-duty truck • Marine equipment metals • Coatings • Forging • Foundry • Heavy-duty truck • Construction equipment • Automotive • Oil and gas • Rail • Aerospace and defense • Heavy-duty truck • Power sports and recreational equipment • Aerospace and defense • Semiconductor equipment • Electrical distribution and controls • Consumer electronics • Bus and coaches • Automotive • Agricultural and construction equipment • HVAC • Lawn and garden • Plumbing • Medical The Company consists of the following segments: Supply Technologies Our Supply Technologies business provides our customers with Total Supply Management™, a proactive solutions approach that manages the efficiencies of every aspect of supplying production parts and materials to our customers’ manufacturing floor, from strategic planning to program implementation. Total Supply Management™ includes such services as engineering and design support, part usage and cost analysis, supplier selection, quality assurance, bar coding, product packaging and tracking, just-in-time and point-of-use delivery, electronic billing services and ongoing technical support. We operate 64 logistics service centers in the United States, Mexico, Canada, Czech Republic, Puerto Rico, Scotland, Hungary, China, Taiwan, Singapore, India, England, France, Spain, Poland, Northern Ireland and Ireland, as well as production sourcing and support centers in Asia. Through our supply chain management programs, we supply more than 245,000 globally-sourced production components, many of which are specialized and customized to meet individual customers’ needs. 3 Total Supply Management™ provides our customers with an expert partner in strategic planning, global sourcing, technical services, parts and materials, logistics, distribution and inventory management of production components. Some production components are characterized by low per unit supplier prices relative to the indirect costs of supplier management, quality assurance, inventory management and delivery to the production line. In addition, Supply Technologies delivers an increasingly broad range of higher-value production components including valves, fuel hose assemblies, electro-mechanical hardware, labels, fittings, steering components and many others. Applications engineering specialists and the direct sales force work closely with the engineering staff of OEM customers to recommend the appropriate production components for a new product or to suggest alternative components that reduce overall production costs, streamline assembly or enhance the appearance or performance of the end product. As an additional service, Supply Technologies also provides spare parts and aftermarket products to end users of its customers’ products. Total Supply Management™ services are typically provided to customers pursuant to sole-source arrangements. We believe our services distinguish us from traditional buy/sell distributors, as well as manufacturers who supply products directly to customers, because we provide the supply chain management of our customers’ high-volume production components. We administer the processes customized to each customer’s needs by replacing numerous current suppliers with a sole-source relationship with Supply Technologies. Our highly-developed, customized information systems provide global transparency and flexibility through the complete supply chain. This enables our customers to: (1) significantly reduce the direct and indirect cost of production component processes by outsourcing internal purchasing, quality assurance and inventory fulfillment responsibilities; (2) reduce the amount of working capital invested in inventory and floor space; (3) reduce component costs through purchasing efficiencies, including bulk buying and supplier consolidation; and (4) receive technical expertise in production component selection, design and engineering. Our sole-source arrangements foster long-term, entrenched supply relationships with our customers and, as a result, the average tenure of service for our top 50 Supply Technologies clients exceeds ten years. Supply Technologies’ remaining sales are generated through the wholesale supply of industrial products to other manufacturers and distributors pursuant to master or authorized distributor relationships. The Supply Technologies segment also engineers and manufactures precision cold formed and cold extruded fasteners and other products, including locknuts, SPAC® nuts and wheel hardware, which are principally used in applications where controlled tightening is required due to high vibration. Supply Technologies produces both standard items and specialty products to customer specifications, which are used in large volumes by customers in the automotive, heavy-duty truck and rail industries. In 2017, Supply Technologies completed the strategic acquisitions of Heads and All Threads (“HAT”) and Aero-Missile Components Inc. (“AMC”). These acquisitions strengthen our market position for supply chain management services in key end markets worldwide, including aerospace and construction. Markets and Customers. For the year ended December 31, 2017, approximately 70% of Supply Technologies’ net sales were to domestic customers. Remaining sales were primarily to manufacturing facilities of large, multinational customers located in Canada, Mexico, Europe and Asia. Total Supply Management™ services and production components are used extensively in a variety of industries, and demand is generally related to the state of the economy and to the overall level of manufacturing activity. Supply Technologies markets and sells its services to over 8,700 customers domestically and internationally. The five largest customers, to which Supply Technologies sells through sole-source contracts to multiple operating divisions or locations, accounted for approximately 35% of the sales of Supply Technologies in 2017 and 2016. The loss of any two or more of its top five customers could have a material adverse effect on the results of operations and financial condition of this segment. Competition. A limited number of companies compete with Supply Technologies to provide supply management services for production parts and materials. Supply Technologies competes primarily on the basis of 4 its Total Supply Management™ services, including engineering and design support, part usage and cost analysis, supplier selection, quality assurance, bar coding, product packaging and tracking, just-in-time and point-of-use delivery, electronic billing services and ongoing technical support, and its geographic reach, extensive product selection, price and reputation for high service levels. Numerous U.S. and foreign companies compete with Supply Technologies in manufacturing cold-formed and cold-extruded products. Assembly Components Assembly Components manufactures products oriented towards fuel efficiency and reduced emission standards. Assembly Components designs, develops and manufactures aluminum products and highly efficient, high pressure Direct Fuel Injection fuel rails and pipes; fuel filler pipes that route fuel from the gas cap to the gas tank; flexible multi-layer plastic and rubber assemblies used to transport fuel from the vehicle’s gas tank and then, at extreme high pressure, to the engine’s fuel injector nozzles. These advanced products, coupled with Turbo Enabled engines, make up large and growing engine architecture for all worldwide car manufacturers. Assembly Components also designs and manufactures Turbo Charging hoses along with Turbo Coolant hoses that will be required as engines get downsized to 3 or 4 cylinders from 6 or 8 cylinders. This engine downsizing increases efficiency, while dramatically decreasing pollution levels. In addition, our Assembly Components segment operates what we believe is one of the few aluminum component suppliers that have the capability to provide a wide range of high-volume, high-quality products utilizing a broad range of processes including gravity and low pressure permanent mold, die-cast and lost-foam, as well as emerging alternative casting technologies. We also provide machining to our aluminum products customers. At the end of December 2017, the Company completed the acquisition of an injection molding business. The acquisition, which is included in our Assembly Components segment, is a manufacturer of precision-molded rubber components for several industrial markets. Assembly Components operates 25 manufacturing facilities and two technical offices in the United States, Mexico, China and the Czech Republic. In addition, we also provide value-added services such as design engineering, machining and parts assembly. Markets and Customers. The five largest customers of Assembly Components accounted for approximately 45% of segment sales for 2017 and 2016. These sales, across multiple operating divisions, are through sole source contracts. The loss of any one of these customers could have a material adverse effect on the results of operations and financial condition of this segment. Competition. Assembly Components competes principally on the basis of its ability to: (1) engineer and manufacture high-quality, cost-effective assemblies utilizing multiple technologies in large volumes; (2) provide timely delivery; and (3) retain the manufacturing flexibility necessary to quickly adjust to the needs of its customers. There are few domestic companies with the capabilities to meet customers’ stringent quality and service standards and lean manufacturing techniques. As one of these suppliers, Assembly Components is well- positioned to benefit as customers continue to consolidate their supplier base. Engineered Products Our Engineered Products segment operates a diverse group of niche manufacturing businesses that design and manufacture a broad range of highly-engineered products, including induction heating and melting systems, pipe threading systems and forged and machined products. We manufacture these products in 13 domestic facilities throughout the United States and 22 international facilities in Canada, Mexico, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Germany, China, Italy, India, Japan, Spain and Brazil. Our induction heating and melting business utilizes proprietary technology and specializes in the engineering, construction, service and repair of induction heating and melting systems, primarily for the ferrous 5 and non-ferrous metals, silicon, coatings, forging, foundry, automotive and construction equipment industries. Our induction heating and melting systems are engineered and built to customer specifications and are used primarily for melting, heating, and surface hardening of metals and curing of coatings. Approximately 43% of our induction heating and melting systems’ revenues are derived from the sale of replacement parts and provision of field service, primarily for the installed base of our own products. Our pipe threading business serves the oil and gas industry. We also engineer and install mechanical forging presses, sell spare parts and provide field service for the large existing base of mechanical forging presses and hammers in North America. We machine, induction harden and surface finish crankshafts and camshafts, used primarily in locomotives. We forge aerospace and defense structural components such as landing gears and struts, as well as rail products such as railcar center plates and draft lugs. Markets and Customers. We sell induction heating and other capital equipment to component manufacturers and OEMs in the ferrous and non-ferrous metals, silicon, coatings, forging, foundry, automotive, truck, construction equipment and oil and gas industries. We sell forged and machined products to locomotive manufacturers, machining companies and sub-assemblers who finish aerospace and defense products for OEMs, and railcar builders and maintenance providers. Competition. We compete with small-to medium-sized domestic and international equipment manufacturers on the basis of service capability, ability to meet customer specifications, delivery performance and engineering expertise. We compete domestically and internationally with small-to medium-sized forging and machining businesses on the basis of product quality and precision. Sales and Marketing Supply Technologies markets its products and services in the United States, Mexico, Canada, Europe and Asia primarily through its direct sales force, which is assisted by applications engineers who provide the technical expertise necessary to assist the engineering staff of OEM customers in designing new products and improving existing products. Assembly Components primarily markets and sells its products in North America through internal sales personnel and independent sales representatives. Engineered Products primarily markets and sells its products in North America through both internal sales personnel and independent sales representatives. Induction heating and pipe threading equipment is also marketed and sold in Europe, Asia, Latin America and Africa through both internal sales personnel and independent sales representatives. In some instances, the internal engineering staff assists in the sales and marketing effort through joint design and applications-engineering efforts with major customers. Raw Materials and Suppliers Supply Technologies purchases substantially all of its production components from third-party suppliers. Supply Technologies has multiple sources of supply for its components. An increasing portion of Supply Technologies’ production components are purchased from suppliers in foreign countries, primarily Canada, Taiwan, China, South Korea, Singapore, India and multiple European countries. Supply Technologies is dependent upon the ability of such suppliers to meet stringent quality and performance standards and to conform to delivery schedules. Assembly Components and Engineered Products purchase substantially all of their raw materials, principally metals and certain component parts incorporated into their products, from third-party suppliers and manufacturers. Most raw materials required by Assembly Components and Engineered Products are commodity products available from several domestic suppliers. Management believes that raw materials and component parts other than certain specialty products are available from alternative sources. Our suppliers of raw materials and component parts may significantly and quickly increase their prices in response to increases in costs of the raw materials, such as steel, that they use to manufacture our raw materials and component parts. While we generally attempt to pass along increased raw material prices to our customers in the form of price increases, there may be a time delay between the increased raw material prices and our ability 6 to increase the price of our products, or we may be unable to increase the prices of our products due to various factors. See the discussion of risks associated with raw material supply and costs in Item 1A “Risk Factors”. Backlog Management believes that backlog is not a meaningful measure for Supply Technologies, as a majority of Supply Technologies’ customers require just-in-time delivery of production components. Management believes that Assembly Components’ backlog is not a meaningful measure, as a significant portion of sales are on a release or firm order basis. The backlog of Engineered Products’ orders believed to be firm as of December 31, 2017 was $173.2 million, compared with $137.6 million as of December 31, 2016. All of Engineered Products’ backlog as of December 31, 2017 is scheduled to be shipped in 2018. Environmental, Health and Safety Regulations We are subject to numerous federal, state and local laws and regulations designed to protect public health and the environment, particularly with regard to discharges and emissions, as well as handling, storage, treatment and disposal of various substances and wastes. Failure to comply with applicable environmental laws and regulations and permit requirements could result in civil and criminal fines or penalties or enforcement actions, including regulatory or judicial orders enjoining or curtailing operations or requiring corrective measures. Pursuant to certain environmental laws, owners or operators of facilities may be liable for the costs of response or other corrective actions for contamination identified at or emanating from current or former locations, without regard to whether the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of any such contamination, and for related damages to natural resources. Additionally, persons who arrange for the disposal or treatment of hazardous substances or materials may be liable for costs of response at sites where they are located, whether or not the site is owned or operated by such person. From time to time, we have incurred, and are presently incurring, costs and obligations for correcting environmental noncompliance and remediating environmental conditions at certain of our properties. In general, we have not experienced difficulty in complying with environmental laws in the past, and compliance with environmental laws has not had a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations. Our capital expenditures on environmental control facilities were not material during the past five years and such expenditures are not expected to be material to us in the foreseeable future. We are currently, and may in the future be, required to incur costs relating to the investigation or remediation of property, including property where we have disposed of our waste, and for addressing environmental conditions. For instance, we have been identified as a potentially responsible party at third-party sites under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, as amended, or comparable state laws, which provide for strict and, under certain circumstances, joint and several liability. We are participating in the cost of certain clean-up efforts at several of these sites. The availability of third-party payments or insurance for environmental remediation activities is subject to risks associated with the willingness and ability of the third party to make payments. However, our share of such costs has not been material and, based on available information, we do not expect our exposure at any of these locations to have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, liquidity or financial condition. Information as to Segment Reporting and Geographic Areas The information contained in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere herein relating to (1) net sales, operating income, identifiable assets and other information by segment, and (2) net sales and assets by geographic region for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 is included elsewhere herein. 7 Available Information We file Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, Proxy Statements and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The public can obtain copies of these materials by visiting the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, D.C. 20549, by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330, or by accessing the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. In addition, as soon as reasonably practicable after such materials are filed with or furnished to the SEC, we make such materials available on our website free of charge at http://www.pkoh.com. The information on our website is not a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Executive Officers of the Registrant Information with respect to our executive officers as of March 8, 2018, is as follows: Name Age Position Edward F. Crawford . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and Director Matthew V. Crawford . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 President and Chief Operating Officer and Director Patrick W. Fogarty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Robert D. Vilsack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Secretary and General Counsel Mr. E. Crawford has been a director and our Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer since 1992. He has also served as the Chairman of Crawford Group, Inc., a management company for a group of manufacturing companies, since 1964. Mr. M. Crawford has been President and Chief Operating Officer since 2003. Mr. M. Crawford became one of our directors in August 1997 and has served as President of Crawford Group, Inc. since 1995. Mr. E. Crawford is the father of Mr. M. Crawford. Mr. Fogarty has been Vice President and Chief Financial Officer since 2015. Prior to that, Mr. Fogarty was Director of Corporate Development since 1997 and served as Director of Finance from 1995 to 1997. Mr. Vilsack has been Secretary and General Counsel since joining us in 2002. Item 1A. Risk Factors The following are certain risk factors that could affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. These risks are not the only ones we face. If any of the following risks occur, our business, results of operations or financial condition could be adversely affected. The industries in which we operate are cyclical and are affected by the economy in general. We sell products to customers in industries that experience cyclicality (expectancy of recurring periods of economic growth and slowdown) in demand for products and may experience substantial increases and decreases in business volume throughout economic cycles. Industries we serve, including the automotive and vehicle parts, heavy-duty truck, industrial equipment, steel, rail, oil and gas, electrical distribution and controls, aerospace and defense, recreational equipment, HVAC, electrical components, appliance and semiconductor equipment industries, are affected by consumer spending, general economic conditions and the impact of international trade. A downturn in any of the industries we serve could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations. 8 Adverse credit market conditions may significantly affect our access to capital, cost of capital and ability to meet liquidity needs. Disruptions, uncertainty or volatility in the credit markets may adversely impact our ability to access credit already arranged and the availability and cost of credit to us in the future. These market conditions may limit our ability to replace, in a timely manner, maturing liabilities and access the capital necessary to grow and maintain our business. Accordingly, we may be forced to delay raising capital or pay unattractive interest rates, which could increase our interest expense, decrease our profitability and significantly reduce our financial flexibility. Longer-term disruptions in the capital and credit markets as a result of uncertainty, changing or increased regulation, reduced alternatives or failures of significant financial institutions could adversely affect our access to liquidity needed for our business. Any disruption could require us to take measures to conserve cash until the markets stabilize or until alternative credit arrangements or other funding for our business needs can be arranged. Such measures could include deferring capital expenditures and reducing or eliminating future share repurchases or other discretionary uses of cash. Overall, our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows could be materially adversely affected by disruptions in the credit markets. Adverse global economic conditions may have significant effects on our customers and suppliers that could result in material adverse effects on our business and operating results. Significant reductions in available capital and liquidity from banks and other providers of credit, substantial reductions and fluctuations in equity and currency values worldwide, volatility in commodity prices for such items as crude oil, and concerns that the worldwide economy may enter into a prolonged recessionary period, may materially adversely affect our customers’ access to capital or willingness to spend capital on our products or their ability to pay for products that they will order or have already ordered from us. In addition, unfavorable global economic conditions may materially adversely affect our suppliers’ access to capital and liquidity with which they maintain their inventories, production levels and product quality, which could cause them to raise prices or lower production levels. These potential effects of adverse global economic conditions are difficult to forecast and mitigate. As a consequence, our operating results for a particular period are difficult to predict, and, therefore, prior results are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected in future periods. Any of the foregoing effects could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Adverse global economic conditions may have significant effects on our customers that would result in our inability to borrow or to meet our debt service coverage ratio in our revolving credit facility. As of December 31, 2017, we were in compliance with our debt service coverage ratio covenant and other covenants contained in our revolving credit facility. While we expect to remain in compliance throughout 2018, declines in demand in the automotive industry and in sales volumes could adversely impact our ability to remain in compliance with certain of these financial covenants. Additionally, to the extent our customers are adversely affected by a decline in the economy in general, they may not be able to pay their accounts payable to us on a timely basis or at all, which would make the accounts receivable ineligible for purposes of the revolving credit facility and could reduce our borrowing base and our ability to borrow. Because a significant portion of our sales is to the automotive and heavy-duty truck industries, a decrease in the demand of these industries or the loss of any of our major customers in these industries could adversely affect our financial health. Demand for certain of our products is affected by, among other things, the relative strength or weakness of the automotive and heavy-duty truck industries. The domestic automotive and heavy-duty truck industries are highly cyclical and may be adversely affected by international competition. In addition, the automotive and heavy-duty truck industries are significantly unionized and subject to work slowdowns and stoppages resulting from labor disputes. We derived 42% and 7% of our net sales during the year ended December 31, 2017 from the automotive and heavy-duty truck industries, respectively. 9 The loss of a portion of business to any of our major automotive or heavy-duty truck customers could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, cash flow and results of operations. We cannot assure you that we will maintain or improve our relationships in these industries or that we will continue to supply these customers at current levels. Our Supply Technologies customers are generally not contractually obligated to purchase products and services from us. We supply products and services to our Supply Technologies customers generally under purchase orders as opposed to long-term contracts. When we do enter into long-term contracts with our Supply Technologies customers, many of them only establish pricing terms and do not obligate our customers to buy required minimum amounts from us or to buy from us exclusively. Accordingly, many of our Supply Technologies customers may decrease the amount of products and services that they purchase from us or even stop purchasing from us altogether, either of which could have a material adverse effect on our net sales and profitability. We are dependent on key customers. We rely on several key customers. For the year ended December 31, 2017, our ten largest customers accounted for approximately 32% of our net sales. Many of our customers place orders for products on an as- needed basis and operate in cyclical industries and, as a result, their order levels have varied from period to period in the past and may vary significantly in the future. Due to competitive issues, we have lost key customers in the past and may again in the future. Customer orders are dependent upon their markets and may be subject to delays or cancellations. As a result of dependence on our key customers, we could experience a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations if any of the following were to occur: • • • • the loss of any key customer, in whole or in part; the insolvency or bankruptcy of any key customer; a declining market in which customers reduce orders or demand reduced prices; or a strike or work stoppage at a key customer facility, which could affect both their suppliers and customers. If any of our key customers become insolvent or file for bankruptcy, our ability to recover accounts receivable from that customer would be adversely affected and any payments we received in the preference period prior to a bankruptcy filing may be potentially forfeitable, which could adversely impact our results of operations. We operate in highly competitive industries. The markets in which all three of our segments sell their products are highly competitive. Some of our competitors are large companies that have greater financial resources than we have. We believe that the principal competitive factors for our Supply Technologies segment are an approach reflecting long-term business partnership and reliability, sourced product quality and conformity to customer specifications, timeliness of delivery, price and design and engineering capabilities. We believe that the principal competitive factors for our Assembly Components and Engineered Products segments are product quality and conformity to customer specifications, design and engineering capabilities, product development, timeliness of delivery and price. The rapidly evolving nature of the markets in which we compete may attract new entrants as they perceive opportunities, and our competitors may foresee the course of market development more accurately than we do. In addition, our competitors may develop products that are superior to our products or may adapt more quickly than we do to new technologies or evolving customer requirements. We expect competitive pressures in our markets to remain strong. These pressures arise from existing competitors, other companies that may enter our existing or future markets and, in some cases, our customers, which may decide to internally produce items we sell. We cannot assure you that we will be able to compete successfully with our competitors. Failure to compete successfully could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations. 10 The loss of key executives could adversely impact us. Our success depends upon the efforts, abilities and expertise of our executive officers and other senior managers, including Edward Crawford, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, and Matthew Crawford, our President and Chief Operating Officer, as well as the president of each of our operating units. An event of default occurs under our revolving credit facility if Messrs. E. Crawford and M. Crawford or certain of their related parties own in the aggregate less than 15% of Holdings’ outstanding common stock and, if at such time, neither Mr. E. Crawford nor Mr. M. Crawford holds the office of chairman, chief executive officer or president. The loss of the services of Messrs. E. Crawford and M. Crawford, senior and executive officers, and/or other key individuals could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations. We may encounter difficulty in expanding our business through targeted acquisitions. We have pursued, and may continue to pursue, targeted acquisition opportunities that we believe would complement our business. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in consummating any acquisitions. Any targeted acquisitions will be accompanied by the risks commonly encountered in acquisitions of businesses. We may not successfully overcome these risks or any other problems encountered in connection with any of our acquisitions, including the possible inability to integrate an acquired business’ operations, information technology, services and products into our business; diversion of management’s attention; the assumption of unknown liabilities; increases in our indebtedness; the failure to achieve the strategic objectives of those acquisitions; and other unanticipated problems, some or all of which could materially and adversely affect us. The process of integrating operations could cause an interruption of, or loss of momentum in, our activities. Any delays or difficulties encountered in connection with any acquisition and the integration of our operations could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition or prospects of our business. Our Supply Technologies business depends upon third parties for substantially all of our component parts. Our Supply Technologies business purchases substantially all of its component parts from third-party suppliers and manufacturers. As such, it is subject to the risk of price fluctuations and periodic delays in the delivery of component parts. Failure by suppliers to continue to supply us with these component parts on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, could have a material adverse effect on us. We depend upon the ability of these suppliers, among other things, to meet stringent performance and quality specifications and to conform to delivery schedules. Failure by third-party suppliers to comply with these and other requirements could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations. The raw materials used in our production processes and by our suppliers of component parts are subject to price and supply fluctuations that could increase our costs of production and adversely affect our results of operations. Our supply of raw materials for our Assembly Components and Engineered Products businesses could be interrupted for a variety of reasons, including availability and pricing. Prices for raw materials necessary for production have fluctuated significantly in the past and significant increases could adversely affect our results of operations and profit margins. While we generally attempt to pass along increased raw materials prices to our customers in the form of price increases, there may be a time delay between the increased raw materials prices and our ability to increase the price of our products, or we may be unable to increase the prices of our products due to various factors. Our suppliers of component parts, particularly in our Supply Technologies business, may significantly and quickly increase their prices in response to increases in costs of the raw materials, such as steel, that they use to manufacture our component parts. We may not be able to increase our prices commensurate with our increased costs. Consequently, our results of operations and financial condition may be materially adversely affected. 11 The energy costs involved in our production processes and transportation are subject to fluctuations that are beyond our control and could significantly increase our costs of production. Our manufacturing process and the transportation of raw materials, components and finished goods are energy intensive. Our manufacturing processes are dependent on adequate supplies of electricity and natural gas. A substantial increase in the cost of transportation fuel, natural gas or electricity could have a material adverse effect on our margins. We may experience higher than anticipated gas costs in the future, which could adversely affect our results of operations. In addition, a disruption or curtailment in supply could have a material adverse effect on our production and sales levels. Potential product liability risks exist from the products that we sell. Our businesses expose us to potential product liability risks that are inherent in the design, manufacture and sale of our products and products of third-party vendors that we use or resell. While we currently maintain what we believe to be suitable and adequate product liability insurance, we cannot assure you that we will be able to maintain our insurance on acceptable terms or that our insurance will provide adequate protection against potential liabilities. In the event of a claim against us, a lack of sufficient insurance coverage could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations. Moreover, even if we maintain adequate insurance, any successful claim could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations. Some of our employees belong to labor unions, and strikes or work stoppages could adversely affect our operations. As of December 31, 2017, we were a party to seven collective bargaining agreements with various labor unions that covered approximately 560 full-time employees. Our inability to negotiate acceptable contracts with these unions could result in, among other things, strikes, work stoppages or other slowdowns by the affected workers and increased operating costs as a result of higher wages or benefits paid to union members. If the unionized workers were to engage in a strike, work stoppage or other slowdown, or other employees were to become unionized, we could experience a significant disruption of our operations and higher ongoing labor costs, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We operate and source internationally, which exposes us to the risks of doing business abroad. Our operations are subject to the risks of doing business abroad, including the following: • • • • • fluctuations in currency exchange rates; limitations on ownership and on repatriation of earnings; transportation delays and interruptions; political, social and economic instability and disruptions; potential disruption that could be caused by the partial or complete reconfiguration of the European • • • • • • • • • • Union; government embargoes or foreign trade restrictions; the imposition of duties and tariffs and other trade barriers; import and export controls; labor unrest and current and changing regulatory environments; the potential for nationalization of enterprises; disadvantages of competing against companies from countries that are not subject to U.S. laws and regulations, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”); increasingly complex laws and regulations concerning privacy and data security, including the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation; difficulties in staffing and managing multinational operations; limitations on our ability to enforce legal rights and remedies; and potentially adverse tax consequences. 12 We are also exposed to risks relating to U.S. policy with respect to companies doing business in foreign jurisdictions, particularly in light of the current U.S. presidential administration. Legislation or other changes in the U.S. tax laws could increase our U.S. income tax liability and adversely affect our after-tax profitability. In addition, the current U.S. presidential administration has introduced greater uncertainty with respect to future tax, trade regulations and trade agreements. Changes in tax policy, trade regulations or trade agreements, such as the disallowance of tax deductions on imported merchandise or the imposition of new tariffs on imported products, could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. In addition, we could be adversely affected by violations of the FCPA and similar worldwide anti-bribery laws. The FCPA and similar anti-bribery laws in other jurisdictions generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to non-U.S. officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. Our policies mandate compliance with these anti-bribery laws. We operate in many parts of the world that have experienced governmental corruption to some degree and, in certain circumstances, strict compliance with anti-bribery laws may conflict with local customs and practices. We cannot assure you that our internal controls and procedures always will protect us from the reckless or criminal acts committed by our employees or agents. For example, in connection with responding to a subpoena from the staff of the SEC, regarding a third party, we disclosed to the staff that the third party participated in a payment on our behalf to a foreign tax official that implicates the FCPA. If we are found to be liable for FCPA violations (either due to our own acts or our inadvertence or due to the acts or inadvertence of others), we could suffer from criminal or civil penalties or other sanctions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business. Any of the events enumerated above could have an adverse effect on our operations in the future by reducing the demand for our products and services, decreasing the prices at which we can sell our products or otherwise having an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. We cannot assure you that we will continue to operate in compliance with applicable customs, currency exchange control regulations, transfer pricing regulations or any other laws or regulations to which we may be subject. We also cannot assure you that these laws will not be modified. We are subject to significant environmental, health and safety laws and regulations and related compliance expenditures and liabilities. Our businesses are subject to many foreign, federal, state and local environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, particularly with respect to the use, handling, treatment, storage, discharge and disposal of substances and hazardous wastes used or generated in our manufacturing processes. Compliance with these laws and regulations is a significant factor in our business. We have incurred and expect to continue to incur significant expenditures to comply with applicable environmental laws and regulations. Our failure to comply with applicable environmental laws and regulations and permit requirements could result in civil or criminal fines or penalties or enforcement actions, including regulatory or judicial orders enjoining or curtailing operations or requiring corrective measures, installation of pollution control equipment or remedial actions. We are currently, and may in the future be, required to incur costs relating to the investigation or remediation of property, including property where we have disposed of our waste, and for addressing environmental conditions. Some environmental laws and regulations impose liability and responsibility on present and former owners, operators or users of facilities and sites for contamination at such facilities and sites without regard to causation or knowledge of contamination. In addition, we occasionally evaluate various alternatives with respect to our facilities, including possible dispositions or closures. Investigations undertaken in connection with these activities may lead to discoveries of contamination that must be remediated, and closures of facilities may trigger compliance requirements that are not applicable to operating facilities. Consequently, we cannot assure you that existing or future circumstances, the development of new facts or the failure of third parties to address contamination at current or former facilities or properties will not require significant expenditures by us. 13 We expect to continue to be subject to increasingly stringent environmental and health and safety laws and regulations. It is difficult to predict the future interpretation and development of environmental and health and safety laws and regulations or their impact on our future earnings and operations. We anticipate that compliance will continue to require increased capital expenditures and operating costs. Any increase in these costs, or unanticipated liabilities arising from, among other things, discovery of previously unknown conditions or more aggressive enforcement actions, could adversely affect our results of operations, and there is no assurance that they will not exceed our reserves or have a material adverse effect on our financial condition. If our information systems fail, our business could be materially affected. We believe that our information systems are an integral part of the Supply Technologies segment and, to a lesser extent, the Assembly Components and Engineered Products segments. We depend on our information systems to process orders, manage inventory and accounts receivable collections, purchase products, maintain cost-effective operations, route and re-route orders, maintain confidential and proprietary information and provide superior service to our customers. These systems are subject to failure due to design flaws, improper use, cyber intrusions and other electronic service breaches. We cannot assure you that a failure of or a disruption in the operation of our information systems used by Supply Technologies, including the failure of the supply chain management software to function properly, or those used by Assembly Components and Engineered Products, will not occur. Any such failure or disruption could damage our relation with our customer in our industries or otherwise have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations. Operating problems in our business may materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. We are subject to the usual hazards associated with manufacturing and the related storage and transportation of raw materials, products and waste, including explosions, fires, leaks, discharges, inclement weather, natural disasters, mechanical failure, unscheduled downtime and transportation interruption or calamities. The occurrence of material operating problems at our facilities may have a material adverse effect on our operations as a whole, both during and after the period of operational difficulties. We have a significant amount of goodwill, and any future goodwill impairment charges could adversely impact our results of operations. As of December 31, 2017, we had goodwill of $100.2 million. The future occurrence of a potential indicator of impairment, such as a significant adverse change in legal factors or business climate, unanticipated competition, a material negative change in relationships with significant customers, strategic decisions made in response to economic or competitive conditions, loss of key personnel or a more-likely-than-not expectation that a reporting unit or a significant portion of a reporting unit will be sold or disposed of, could result in goodwill impairment charges, which could adversely impact our results of operations. We have recorded goodwill impairment charges in the past, and such charges materially impacted our historical results of operations. For additional information, see Note 4, Goodwill, to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere herein. Our Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer and our President and Chief Operating Officer collectively beneficially own a significant portion of Holdings’ outstanding common stock and their interests may conflict with yours. As of December 31, 2017, Edward Crawford, our Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, and Matthew Crawford, our President and Chief Operating Officer, collectively beneficially owned approximately 29% of Holdings’ common stock. Mr. E. Crawford is Mr. M. Crawford’s father. Their interests could conflict with your interests. For example, if we encounter financial difficulties or are unable to pay our debts as they mature, the interests of Messrs. E. Crawford and M. Crawford may conflict with your interests. 14 Our business and operating results may be adversely affected by natural disasters or other catastrophic events beyond our control. While we have taken precautions to prevent production and service interruptions at our global facilities, severe weather conditions such as hurricanes or tornadoes, as well as major earthquakes and other natural disasters, in areas in which we have manufacturing facilities or from which we obtain products may cause physical damage to our properties, closure of one or more of our business facilities, lack of adequate work force in a market, temporary disruption in the supply of inventory, disruption in the transport of products and utilities, or delays in the delivery of products to our customers. Any of these factors may disrupt our operations and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. The insurance that we maintain may not fully cover all potential expenses. We maintain property, business interruption and casualty insurance, but such insurance may not cover all risks associated with the hazards of our business and is subject to limitation, including deductible and maximum liabilities covered. We are potentially at risk if one or more of our insurance carriers fail. Additionally, severe disruptions in the domestic and global financial markets could adversely impact the ratings and survival of some insurers. In the future, we may not be able to obtain coverage at current levels, and our premiums may increase significantly on coverage that we maintain. 15 Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments None. Item 2. Properties As of December 31, 2017, our operations included numerous manufacturing and supply chain logistics services facilities located in 25 states in the United States and in Puerto Rico, as well as in Asia, Canada, Europe, Mexico and Brazil. We lease our world headquarters located in Cleveland, Ohio, which also includes the world headquarters for certain of our businesses. We believe our manufacturing, logistics and corporate office facilities are well-maintained and are suitable and adequate, and have sufficient productive capacity to meet our current needs. 16 The following table provides information relative to our principal facilities as of December 31, 2017. Related Industry Segment SUPPLY TECHNOLOGIES (1) Location Brampton, Ontario, Canada Minneapolis, MN Carnegie, PA Cleveland, OH (2) ASSEMBLY COMPONENTS (3) ENGINEERED PRODUCTS (7) Dayton, OH Carol Stream, IL Memphis, TN Solon, OH Streetsboro, OH Allentown, PA Suwanee, GA Dublin, VA Tulsa, OK Ocala, FL Conneaut, OH (4) Lexington, TN Lobelville, TN (5) Rootstown, OH Cleveland, OH (6) Wapakoneta, OH Angola, IN Huntington, IN Fremont, IN Big Rapids, MI Acuna, Mexico Cicero, IL Cuyahoga Heights, OH Pune, India Newport, AR Warren, OH Leini, Italy Madison Heights, MI Canton, OH La Roeulx, Belgium Brookfield, WI Wickliffe, OH Valencia, Spain Euclid, OH Albertville, AL Chennai, India Leini, Italy Cortland, OH Owned or Leased Approximate Square Footage Use Leased Leased Leased Leased Leased Leased Leased Leased Leased Leased Leased Leased Leased Owned Leased/Owned Owned Owned Owned Leased/Owned Owned Owned Leased Owned Owned Owned Owned Owned Owned Owned Owned Owned Leased Leased Owned Leased Owned Owned Owned Leased Owned Leased Owned 217,000 Manufacturing Logistics 87,100 63,000 Manufacturing 60,450 Supply Technologies Corporate Office Logistics Logistics Logistics Logistics 56,000 51,000 48,750 47,100 45,000 Manufacturing 43,800 42,500 40,000 40,000 Logistics Logistics Logistics Logistics 433,000 Manufacturing 283,800 Manufacturing 240,000 Manufacturing 208,700 Manufacturing 208,000 Manufacturing 190,000 Manufacturing 188,000 Manufacturing 135,000 Manufacturing 124,500 Manufacturing 112,000 Manufacturing 97,000 Manufacturing 79,000 Manufacturing 450,000 Manufacturing 427,000 Manufacturing 275,000 Manufacturing 200,000 Manufacturing 195,000 Manufacturing 161,500 Manufacturing 128,000 Manufacturing 124,000 Manufacturing 120,000 Manufacturing 116,000 Manufacturing 110,000 Manufacturing 81,000 Manufacturing 75,000 Manufacturing 56,000 Office 54,000 Manufacturing 53,800 Manufacturing 30,000 Office and Manufacturing Includes 20,150 square feet used by Holdings’ corporate office. (1) Supply Technologies has other facilities, none of which is deemed to be a principal facility. (2) (3) Assembly Components has other facilities, none of which is deemed to be a principal facility. (4) Includes three leased properties with square footage of 91,800, 64,000 and 45,700, respectively, and one owned property with 82,300 square feet. Includes five facilities, which make up the total square footage of 208,700. (5) (6) Includes one leased property with 150,000 square feet and one owned property with 40,000 square feet. (7) Engineered Products has other owned and leased facilities, none of which is deemed to be a principal facility. 17 Item 3. Legal Proceedings We are subject to various pending and threatened lawsuits in which claims for monetary damages are asserted in the ordinary course of business. While any litigation involves an element of uncertainty, in the opinion of management, liabilities, if any, arising from currently pending or threatened litigation are not expected to have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity or results of operations. In addition to the routine lawsuits and asserted claims noted above, we were a party to the lawsuits and legal proceedings described below as of December 31, 2017: We were a co-defendant in approximately 96 cases asserting claims on behalf of approximately 203 plaintiffs alleging personal injury as a result of exposure to asbestos. These asbestos cases generally relate to production and sale of asbestos-containing products and allege various theories of liability, including negligence, gross negligence and strict liability, and seek compensatory and, in some cases, punitive damages. In each asbestos case in which we are named as a party, the complaints are filed against multiple named defendants. In substantially all of the asbestos cases, the plaintiffs either claim damages in excess of a specified amount, typically a minimum amount sufficient to establish jurisdiction of the court in which the case was filed (jurisdictional minimums generally range from $25,000 to $75,000), or do not specify the monetary damages sought. To the extent that any specific amount of damages is sought, the amount applies to claims against all named defendants. There are four asbestos cases, involving 21 plaintiffs, that plead specified damages against named defendants. In each of the four cases, the plaintiff is seeking compensatory and punitive damages based on a variety of potentially alternative causes of action. In three cases, the plaintiff has alleged three counts at $3.0 million compensatory and punitive damages each; one count at $3.0 million compensatory and $1.0 million punitive damages; and one count at $1.0 million. In the fourth case, the plaintiff has alleged compensatory and punitive damages, each in the amount of $20.0 million, for three separate causes of action, and $5.0 million compensatory damages for the fifth cause of action. Historically, we have been dismissed from asbestos cases on the basis that the plaintiff incorrectly sued one of our subsidiaries or because the plaintiff failed to identify any asbestos-containing product manufactured or sold by us or our subsidiaries. We intend to vigorously defend these asbestos cases, and believe we will continue to be successful in being dismissed from such cases. However, it is not possible to predict the ultimate outcome of asbestos-related lawsuits, claims and proceedings due to the unpredictable nature of personal injury litigation. Despite this uncertainty, and although our results of operations and cash flows for a particular period could be adversely affected by asbestos-related lawsuits, claims and proceedings, management believes that the ultimate resolution of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity or results of operations. Among the factors management considered in reaching this conclusion were: (a) our historical success in being dismissed from these types of lawsuits on the bases mentioned above; (b) many cases have been improperly filed against one of our subsidiaries; (c) in many cases the plaintiffs have been unable to establish any causal relationship to us or our products or premises; (d) in many cases, the plaintiffs have been unable to demonstrate that they have suffered any identifiable injury or compensable loss at all or that any injuries that they have incurred did in fact result from alleged exposure to asbestos; and (e) the complaints assert claims against multiple defendants and, in most cases, the damages alleged are not attributed to individual defendants. Additionally, we do not believe that the amounts claimed in any of the asbestos cases are meaningful indicators of our potential exposure because the amounts claimed typically bear no relation to the extent of the plaintiff’s injury, if any. Our cost of defending these lawsuits has not been material to date and, based upon available information, our management does not expect its future costs for asbestos-related lawsuits to have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, liquidity or financial position. 18 In August 2013, the Company received a subpoena from the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) in connection with the staff’s investigation of a third party. At that time, the Company also learned that the U.S. Department of Justice (“DOJ”) is conducting a criminal investigation of the third party. In connection with its initial response to the staff’s subpoena, the Company disclosed to the staff of the SEC that, in November 2007, the third party participated in a payment on behalf of the Company to a foreign tax official that implicates the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. The Board of Directors of the Company formed a special committee to review the Company’s transactions with the third party and to make any recommendations to the Board of Directors with respect thereto. The Company intends to cooperate fully with the SEC and the DOJ in connection with their investigations of the third party and with the SEC in light of the Company’s disclosure. The Company is unable to predict the outcome or impact of the special committee’s investigation or the length, scope or results of the SEC’s review or the impact on its results of operations. Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures Not applicable. 19 Part II Item 5. Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Our common stock, par value $1.00 per share, trades on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “PKOH”. The table below presents the intra-day high and low sales prices of the common stock during the periods presented. The Company declared and paid a quarterly cash dividend of $0.125 per share commencing in the second quarter of 2014 and has continued with quarterly dividends of $0.125 per share through the first quarter of 2018. Additionally, the terms of the credit agreement governing our revolving credit facility and the indenture governing the 6.625% senior notes due 2027 provide some restrictions on the amounts of dividends. Quarterly Common Stock Price Ranges Quarter 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 2017 2016 High Low High Low $ 47.00 41.05 $ 46.05 $ 47.80 $ $ $ $ $ 34.25 34.33 37.00 40.25 $ $ $ $ 43.47 42.94 38.79 44.65 $ $ $ $ 23.55 23.21 27.37 30.01 The number of shareholders of record of our common stock as of February 28, 2018 was 378. Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Set forth below is information regarding repurchases of our common stock during the fourth quarter of the year ended December 31, 2017. Period October 1 — October 31, 2017 November 1 — November 30, 2017 December 1 — December 31, 2017 Total Total Number of Shares Purchased Average Price Paid Per Share Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans (1) Maximum Number of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Program (1) $ 411 — — 411 (2) $ 45.60 — — 45.60 — — 16,014 16,014 624,120 624,120 608,106 608,106 (1) On March 4, 2013, we announced a share repurchase program whereby we may repurchase up to 1.0 million shares of our outstanding common stock. (2) Consists of an aggregate total of 411 shares of common stock we acquired from recipients of restricted stock awards at the time of vesting of such awards in order to settle recipient minimum withholding tax liabilities. 20 Item 6. Selected Financial Data Income Statement Data: Net sales Operating income Net income attributable to ParkOhio common shareholders Earnings per common share attributable to ParkOhio shareholders: Basic Diluted Cash dividend per common share Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 (In millions, except per share data) $ 1,412.9 90.2 $ 1,276.9 69.2 $ 1,463.8 97.9 $ 1,378.7 97.9 $ 1,203.2 85.6 28.6 31.7 48.1 45.6 43.4 $ $ $ 2.34 2.30 0.50 $ $ $ 2.62 2.58 0.50 $ $ $ 3.94 3.88 0.50 $ $ $ $ $ 3.77 3.68 0.375 3.40 3.31 — Results for 2017 include income of $3.3 million from the reversal of a litigation reserve, a loss on extinguishment of debt of $11.0 million and a one-time net tax expense of $4.2 million related to the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “U.S. Tax Act”). Results for 2016 include an asset impairment charge of $4.0 million. Results for 2015 and 2013 include litigation judgment costs of $2.2 million and $5.2 million, respectively. Net income attributable to ParkOhio common shareholders in 2013 includes $3.0 million from discontinued operations. Other Financial Data: Net cash flows provided by operating activities Capital expenditures, net Selected Balance Sheet Data (as of period end): Cash and cash equivalents Total assets Long-term debt (1) (1) Excluding current portion. Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 (In millions) $ 46.7 (27.9) $ 72.9 (28.5) $ $ 44.7 (36.5) $ 53.6 (25.8) 60.3 (30.1) 82.8 1,132.5 515.5 64.3 974.3 439.0 62.0 942.1 445.8 58.0 969.1 429.3 55.2 813.0 373.5 21 Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW General We are a diversified international company providing world-class customers with a supply chain management outsourcing service, capital equipment used on their production lines, and manufactured components used to assemble their products. We operate through three reportable segments: Supply Technologies, Assembly Components and Engineered Products. Refer to Part 1, Item 1. Business for descriptions of our business segments. 2017 Acquisitions On April 28, 2017, the Company acquired AMC. AMC, which is included in our Supply Technologies segment, is a supply chain management business providing high-quality specialty fasteners and other components to the defense and aerospace markets in the United States. On October 4, 2017, the Company completed the acquisition of HAT. HAT, which is included in our Supply Technologies segment, is a leading European supplier of supply chain management services specializing in developing vendor-managed inventory programs of fasteners, machined parts and other class C components to various industrial end markets. At the end of December 2017, the Company completed the acquisition of an injection molding business. The acquisition, which is included in our Assembly Components segment, is a manufacturer of precision-molded rubber components for several industrial markets. The results of operations of the 2017 acquisitions are included in our consolidated results from their respective acquisition dates. Collectively, the 2017 acquisitions contributed $18.5 million of sales for the year ended December 31, 2017. U.S. Tax Reform In December 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the “Tax Cut and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) which includes a number of provisions, including lowering of the U.S. corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018, and a Transition Tax on unremitted foreign earnings and profits. As a result of the Tax Act, in the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company recorded a one-time net tax expense of $4.2 million, which consisted of an expense from the Transition Tax of $14.2 million and a tax benefit of $10.0 million resulting from the adjustment of deferred tax assets and liabilities to reflect the decrease in the corporate income tax rate. Subsequent Event On January 31, 2018, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.125 per common share. The dividend will be paid on March 1, 2018, to shareholders of record as of the close of business on February 15, 2018, and resulted in a cash outlay of approximately $1.6 million. On February 1, 2018, the Company completed the acquisition of Canton Drop Forge, Inc. (“CDF”). CDF is headquartered in Canton, Ohio and will be part of our Forged and Machined Products group within the Engineered Products segment. CDF manufactures forgings for high-performance applications in the global aerospace and other markets. 22 RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 2017 Compared with 2016 and 2016 Compared with 2015 2017 2016 2015 $ Change % Change $ Change % Change 2017 vs. 2016 2016 vs. 2015 $1,412.9 1,178.3 $ 1,276.9 1,073.9 (Dollars in millions, except per share data) $ 136.0 104.4 $1,463.8 1,228.6 11% $ (186.9) (154.7) 10% 234.6 203.0 235.2 31.6 16% (32.2) 16.6% 15.9% 16.1% (13)% (13)% (14)% 147.7 129.8 135.1 17.9 14% (5.3) (4)% 10.5% — 10.2% 4.0 9.2% — (3.3) 90.2 31.5 11.0 47.7 18.2 29.5 — 69.2 28.2 — 41.0 8.8 32.2 2.2 97.9 27.9 — 70.0 21.3 48.7 (4.0) (3.3) 21.0 3.3 11.0 6.7 9.4 (2.7) * * 30% 12% * 16% 107% (8)% 4.0 (2.2) (28.7) 0.3 — (29.0) (12.5) (16.5) * * (29)% 1% * (41)% (59)% (34)% (0.9) (0.5) (0.6) (0.4) * 0.1 * $ 28.6 $ 31.7 $ 48.1 $ (3.1) (10)% $ (16.4) (34)% $ $ 2.34 2.30 $ $ 2.62 2.58 $ $ 3.94 $ (0.28) (11)% $ (1.32) (34)% 3.88 $ (0.28) (11)% $ (1.30) (34)% Net sales Cost of sales Gross profit Gross profit as a percentage of net sales Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses SG&A expenses as a percentage of net sales Asset impairment charge Litigation (settlement gains) judgment costs Operating income Interest expense Loss on extinguishment of debt Income before income taxes Income tax expense Net income Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest Net income attributable to ParkOhio common shareholders: Earnings per common share attributable to ParkOhio common shareholders: Basic Diluted * Calculation not meaningful 2017 Compared with 2016 Net Sales Net sales increased 11% to $1,412.9 million in 2017 compared to $1,276.9 million in 2016. The increase in net sales was primarily due to higher end market demand for products in our Supply Technologies and Engineered Products segments, and the 2017 sales contributions from both our GH Electrotermia S.A. (“GH”) acquisition completed at the end of 2016 and the 2017 acquisitions of AMC and HAT. Excluding the impact of acquisitions, net sales grew by 5% in 2017 compared to 2016. 23 Cost of Sales & Gross Profit Cost of sales increased 10% to $1,178.3 million in 2017 compared to $1,073.9 million in 2016. The increase in cost of sales was primarily due to the increase in net sales of 11%, described above. Our gross margin percentage was 16.6% in 2017 compared to 15.9% in 2016. This 70 basis point improvement was primarily due to the profit flow-through from higher sales in 2017, the benefit of cost reduction actions taken in 2016, and favorable product mix. SG&A Expenses SG&A expenses increased to $147.7 million in 2017 from $129.8 million in 2016, driven by SG&A expenses from the acquisitions, as well as the higher sales levels in 2017. SG&A expenses as a percentage of sales was relatively consistent year-over-year, at 10.5% in 2017 compared to 10.2% in 2016. Litigation Settlement Gain During 2017, the Company paid $4.0 million to settle the IPSCO litigation. In connection with the settlement, the Company recognized $3.3 million of income related to the reversal of its excess litigation liability. Asset Impairment Charge An asset impairment charge of $4.0 million was recorded in the first quarter of 2016 due to the accelerated end of production in certain programs with an automotive customer in our aluminum products business. Interest Expense Interest expense increased to $31.5 million in 2017 from $28.2 million in 2016, due primarily to higher outstanding borrowings. Our average borrowing rate was relatively consistent year-over-year. Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 Interest expense Average outstanding borrowings Average borrowing rate $ $ (Dollars in millions) 31.5 515.6 $ $ 6.11% 28.2 462.1 6.10% As described more fully below, in April 2017, we refinanced our outstanding senior notes, increasing the principal amount from $250 million to $350 million and reducing the interest rate from 8.125% to 6.625%. The net impact of the higher senior notes balance at a lower rate was an increase in interest expense of approximately $2.1 million in 2017. Loss on Extinguishment of Debt During 2017, we incurred $11.0 million of expenses related to our debt refinancing activities. Such expenses included tender premiums, bank and other fees and accelerated amortization of certain debt issuance costs related to our former borrowings that were previously capitalized. Income Tax Expense The provision for income taxes was $18.2 million in 2017 (an effective rate of 38.0%) and $8.8 million in 2016 (an effective rate of 21.5%). Income taxes in 2017 include a net $4.2 million of expense related to the U.S. 24 Tax Act, as discussed more fully above. Excluding the impact of the U.S. Tax Act, the effective tax rate would have been 29.2%. In 2017 and 2016, the Company reversed various income tax accruals of approximately $1.6 million and $4.0 million, respectively, relating to previous uncertain tax positions for which the statutes of limitations expired. Excluding the one-time impact of the U.S. Tax Act, the effective rates in both years are lower than the U.S. statutory rate of 35% due primarily to the income tax accrual reversals mentioned above, as well as earnings in jurisdictions in which the income tax rates are lower than the U.S. statutory income tax rate. 2016 Compared with 2015 Net Sales Net sales decreased 13% to $1,276.9 million in 2016 compared to $1,463.8 million in 2015. The decrease in net sales was mainly due to lower end-market demand for our products in each of our segments, primarily in our aluminum products, heavy-duty truck and power sport end markets. Cost of Sales & Gross Profit Cost of sales decreased 13% to $1,073.9 million in 2016 compared to $1,228.6 million in 2015. The decrease in cost of sales was primarily due to the decrease in net sales of 13%. Our gross margin percentage was 15.9% in 2016 compared to 16.1% in 2015. This 20 basis point decline was largely due to lower fixed cost absorption in certain of our manufacturing locations affected by lower customer demand, partially offset by the favorable impact of manufacturing efficiencies and cost reduction actions taken in response to lower sales levels. SG&A Expenses Consolidated SG&A expenses decreased to $129.8 million in 2016 from $135.1 million in 2015, driven by the favorable impact of cost reduction actions and lower selling expenses as a result of lower sales volumes. SG&A expenses as a percent of sales increased to 10.2% in 2016 compared to 9.2% in 2015, due primarily to the lower revenue base in 2016 compared to the prior year. Asset Impairment Charge An asset impairment charge of $4.0 million was recorded in the first quarter of 2016 due to the accelerated end of production in certain programs with an automotive customer. Litigation Judgment Costs In 2015, the Company accrued $2.2 million in response to a district court’s award in connection with ongoing litigation. See Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere herein for further discussion. Interest Expense Interest expense Average outstanding borrowings Average borrowing rate $ $ 25 Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 (Dollars in millions) 28.2 462.1 6.10% $ $ 27.9 461.7 6.04% Interest expense was approximately $28 million in 2016 and 2015. During 2016, we reduced outstanding indebtedness by $33.4 million, using cash flow from operating activities, before borrowing $26.4 million to fund the GH acquisition. The average borrowing rate increased slightly from the prior year due to rising interest rates. See Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere herein for further discussion. Income Tax Expense The provision for income taxes was $8.8 million in 2016 (an effective rate of 21.5%) and $21.3 million in 2015 (an effective rate of 30.4%). The amount in 2016 includes reversal of various income tax accruals of approximately $4.0 million relating to previous uncertain tax positions for which the statutes of limitations expired. The effective rates in both years are lower than the U.S. statutory rate of 35% due primarily to earnings in jurisdictions in which the income tax rates are lower than the U.S. statutory income tax rate. SEGMENT RESULTS For purposes of measuring business segment performance, the Company utilizes segment operating income, which is defined as revenues less expenses identifiable to the product lines within each segment. The Company does not allocate items that are non-operating or unusual in nature or are corporate costs, which include but are not limited to executive compensation and corporate office costs. Segment operating income reconciles to consolidated income before income taxes by deducting corporate costs, certain non-cash charges and interest expense. Supply Technologies Segment Net sales Segment operating income Segment operating income margin 2017 Compared to 2016 Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 $ $ 561.8 45.9 (Dollars in millions) $ 502.1 $ 40.0 $ $ 8.2% 8.0% 578.7 50.3 8.7% Net Sales: Net sales were up 12% in 2017 compared to 2016, due primarily to organic growth of 8% and the sales from the 2017 acquisitions. The organic growth was due primarily to higher customer demand in the Company’s power sport and recreational equipment market, which was up 16%; the Company’s truck and truck- related market, which was up 5%; the Company’s semiconductor market, which was up 37%; and the Company’s commercial aerospace market, which was up 25% compared to 2016. Segment Operating Income: Segment operating income increased by $5.9 million in 2017 compared to 2016, and segment operating income margin increased by 20 basis points, due primarily to the higher sales volumes noted above. 2016 Compared to 2015 Net Sales: Net sales were down 13% in 2016 compared to 2015 due primarily to lower customer demand in the Company’s heavy-duty truck and related market, which was down 33%; the Company’s power sports and recreational equipment market, which was down 20%; and the Company’s bus and coach market, which was down 33%. These declines were partially offset by an increase in sales in the Company’s aerospace market, which was up 72% compared to 2015. 26 Segment Operating Income: Segment operating income decreased by $10.3 million, and segment operating income margin declined by 70 basis points, due primarily to the volume reductions noted above. This negative impact was partially offset by the benefits of our 2016 cost reduction actions. Assembly Components Segment Net sales Segment operating income Segment operating income margin 2017 Compared to 2016 Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 $ $ 524.5 50.4 (Dollars in millions) $ 529.4 $ 50.5 $ $ 9.6% 9.5% 569.2 57.9 10.2% Net Sales: Net sales were down 1% in 2017 compared to 2016 due primarily to lower sales volumes in our extruded rubber and plastic product lines and our aluminum product line, which more than offset higher sales in our fuel filler pipe and fuel rail product lines. The lower sales volumes in rubber and plastic were due primarily to the end of life in certain programs, and the lower sales volumes in aluminum were due to the end of production in certain programs during 2016. The higher sales volumes in our fuel products businesses were driven by new product launches and higher foreign sales, particularly in China and Mexico. Segment Operating Income: Segment operating income and operating income margin was relatively consistent year over year. The favorable impact of higher sales in our fuel products businesses offset the impact of lower sales in rubber, plastics and aluminum, as well as start-up costs of approximately $1.4 million incurred by the segment during 2017 related to our new facilities in China. 2016 Compared to 2015 Net Sales: Net sales were down 7% in 2016 compared to 2015 due primarily to the accelerated end of production resulting in volume reductions from certain programs with an automotive customer in our aluminum business. This decline was partially offset by higher sales in our gasoline direct injection fuel rail systems, which was up 36%, and rubber products businesses, which was up 13%, driven by new product launches. Segment Operating Income: Segment operating income decreased by $7.4 million, and segment operating income margin declined by 70 basis points, compared to 2015. These decreases were due primarily to lower sales in our aluminum business as described above, unfavorable sales mix and excess start-up costs related to our launch of new high-volume products in our fuel rail and fuel filler plants. These factors were partially offset by the impact of higher sales in our gasoline direct injection fuel rail systems and rubber products businesses in 2016 compared to 2015, as well as benefits of our 2016 cost reduction actions. Engineered Products Segment Net sales Segment operating income Segment operating income margin 2017 Compared to 2016 Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 $ $ 326.6 20.7 (Dollars in millions) $ 245.4 $ 10.6 $ $ 6.3% 4.3% 315.9 20.9 6.6% Net Sales: Net sales were up 33% in 2017 compared to 2016 due primarily to $55 million of sales at GH, which was acquired at the end of 2016, and increased customer demand for our induction heating and pipe threading products in our legacy businesses. 27 Segment Operating Income: Segment operating income increased by $10.1 million, and segment operating income margin increased by 200 basis points, due primarily to the higher sales in 2017 and the benefit of cost reduction actions taken in 2016 in response to lower sales levels a year ago. 2016 Compared to 2015 Net Sales: Net sales were down 22% in 2016 compared to 2015 due primarily to lower customer demand in the oil and gas, rail, steel, commercial aerospace and military end markets. Segment Operating Income: Segment operating income decreased by $10.3 million, and segment operating income margin declined by 230 basis points, due primarily to volume declines in our induction heating, pipe threading and forging businesses related to the weak market demand noted above. These factors were partially offset by the benefits of cost reduction actions. Liquidity and Capital Resources The following table summarizes the major components of cash flows: Cash provided (used) by: Operating activities Investing activities Financing activities Effect of exchange rate on cash Increase in cash and cash equivalents Operating Activities 2017 2016 2015 $ 46.7 (67.6) 33.7 5.7 (In millions) $ 72.9 (51.9) (17.2) (1.5) $ 44.7 (36.5) 0.7 (4.9) $ 18.5 $ 2.3 $ 4.0 Cash provided by operating activities decreased by $26.2 million in 2017 compared to 2016, driven by higher sales levels in 2017, which resulted in higher accounts receivable balances in 2017 compared to 2016. Cash provided by operating activities increased by $28.2 million in 2016 compared to 2015, driven by lower working capital needs (accounts receivable, inventories and accounts payable and other accrued expenses) in 2016 compared to 2015. Lower sales levels in 2016 resulted in lower inventory and accounts receivable balances, and, in 2015, higher inventories and lower accounts payable balances combined to use cash of $52.3 million. The lower working capital in 2016 was partially offset by lower net income of $16.5 million. Investing Activities Capital expenditures were $27.9 million in 2017, $28.5 million in 2016 and $36.5 million in 2015. These capital expenditures were primarily for growth initiatives, with the majority in our Assembly Component segment as we launch new business in our fuel product lines. In 2017, we spent a combined $39.7 million on acquisitions of businesses. See Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere herein for additional information. In 2016, we spent $23.4 million on the acquisition of GH. See Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere herein for additional information. Financing Activities Cash provided by financing activities in 2017 reflected the proceeds from our issuance of senior notes in April 2017, net of the premium on the early extinguishment of our former senior notes and bank financing fees, 28 repayments under our amended and restated revolving credit facility and the payoff of our previously-outstanding term loan and senior notes. During 2017, we also paid dividends of $6.9 million and repurchased treasury shares for $4.2 million. Cash used by financing activities in 2016 consisted primarily of the net payments of debt instruments of $7.0 million, payment of cash dividends of $6.2 million and payment of an acquisition earn-out of $2.0 million. During the year, we reduced outstanding indebtedness by $33.4 million using cash flow from operating activities, before borrowing $26.4 million to fund the GH acquisition. Cash provided by financing activities in 2015 consisted primarily of net borrowings on debt instruments of $20.4 million, offset by payment of cash dividends of $6.3 million and repurchased treasury shares of $15.5 million. Liquidity Overall, our net borrowings and cash provided by operating activities were used to fund higher working capital needs, the litigation settlement payment, our quarterly cash dividend payments, share repurchases, and debt refinancing costs. In addition, our cash balances increased by $18.5 million at December 31, 2017 compared to the beginning of 2017. See Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere herein for further discussion. The following table summarizes our indicators of liquidity: 2017 2016 Cash and cash equivalents Gross debt (excluding unamortized debt issuance costs) Working capital (excluding cash) Net debt as a % of capitalization $ $ $ (Dollars in millions) 82.8 541.9 310.7 64.3 475.0 246.5 $ $ $ 56% 58% As of December 31, 2017, we had $124.7 million outstanding under the revolving credit facility, approximately $194.2 million of unused borrowing availability and cash and cash equivalents of $82.8 million. Our liquidity needs are primarily for working capital and capital expenditures. Our primary sources of liquidity have been funds provided by operations, funds available from existing bank credit arrangements and the sale of our debt securities. Our existing financial resources (working capital and available bank borrowing arrangements) and anticipated funds from operations are expected to be adequate to meet anticipated cash requirements for at least the next twelve months, including but not limited to our ability to maintain current operations and fund capital expenditure requirements, service our debt and pay dividends. The Company had cash and cash equivalents held by foreign subsidiaries of $76.0 million at December 31, 2017 and $54.4 million at December 31, 2016. We do not expect restrictions on repatriation of cash held outside the U.S. to have a material effect on our overall liquidity, financial condition or results of operations for the foreseeable future. Senior Notes On April 17, 2017, we completed the sale, in a private placement, of $350.0 million aggregate principal amount of 6.625% Senior Notes due 2027 (the “Notes”). The net proceeds from the issuance of the Notes were used to repay in full our previously outstanding 8.125% Senior Notes due 2021 and our outstanding term loan, and to repay a portion of the borrowings outstanding under our revolving credit facility. 29 Credit Agreement On April 17, 2017, the Company entered into Seventh Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”). The Credit Agreement, among other things, provides an increased revolving credit facility of up to $350.0 million and extends the maturity date of borrowings under the facility to April 17, 2022. Furthermore, the Company has the option, pursuant to the Credit Agreement, to increase the availability under the revolving credit facility by an aggregate incremental amount up to $100.0 million. As of December 31, 2017, we had $124.7 million outstanding and $194.2 million of unused borrowing availability under the revolving credit facility provided by the Credit Agreement Capital Leases On August 13, 2015, the Company entered into a Capital Lease Agreement (the “Lease Agreement”). The Lease Agreement provides the Company up to $50.0 million for capital leases. Capital lease obligations of $20.3 million were borrowed under the Lease Agreement to acquire machinery and equipment as of December 31, 2017. Covenants The future availability of bank borrowings under the revolving credit facility provided by the Credit Agreement is based on our ability to meet a debt service ratio covenant, which could be materially impacted by negative economic trends. Failure to meet the debt service ratio covenant could materially impact the availability and interest rate of future borrowings. At December 31, 2017, our debt service coverage ratio was 2.2, and, therefore, we were in compliance with the debt service coverage ratio covenant in the revolving credit facility provided by the Credit Agreement. The debt service coverage ratio is calculated at the end of each fiscal quarter based on the following ratio: (1) the most recently ended four fiscal quarters of consolidated EBITDA, as defined in the Credit Agreement, minus cash taxes paid, minus unfunded capital expenditures, plus cash tax refunds; to (2) consolidated debt charges, which are consolidated cash interest expense, plus scheduled principal payments on indebtedness, plus scheduled reductions in our term debt as defined in the Credit Agreement. The debt service coverage ratio must be greater than 1.0 and not less than 1.15 for any two consecutive fiscal quarters. We were also in compliance with the other covenants contained in the revolving credit facility as of December 31, 2017. While we expect to remain in compliance throughout 2018, declines in sales volumes in 2018 could adversely impact our ability to remain in compliance with certain of these financial covenants. Additionally, to the extent our customers are adversely affected by declines in the economy in general, they may be unable to pay their accounts payable to us on a timely basis or at all, which could make our accounts receivable ineligible for purposes of the revolving credit facility and could reduce our borrowing base and our ability to borrow under such facility. Dividends The company paid dividends of $6.9 million during 2017. In January 2018, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.125 per common share. The dividend will be paid on March 1, 2018 to shareholders of record as of the close of business on February 15, 2018 and resulted in a cash outlay of approximately $1.6 million. Although we currently intend to pay a quarterly dividend on an ongoing basis, all future dividend declarations will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and dependent upon then-existing conditions, including our operating results and financial condition, capital requirements, contractual restrictions, business prospects and other factors that our Board of Directors may deem relevant. 30 Contractual Obligations The following table summarizes our principal contractual obligations and other commercial commitments over various future periods as of December 31, 2017: (In millions) Short-term and long-term debt obligations Interest obligations (1) Operating lease obligations Capital lease obligations Purchase obligations (2) Pension obligations (3) Postretirement obligations (3) Standby letters of credit and bank guarantees Total Payments Due or Commitment Expiration Per Period Total Less Than 1 Year 1-3 Years 3-5 Years More than 5 Years $ $ 521.6 225.8 64.1 20.3 212.3 45.8 8.7 28.6 $ 8.6 23.2 17.8 9.1 212.2 5.1 1.2 21.6 $ 19.3 46.4 22.4 9.9 0.1 8.9 2.1 5.1 $ 141.2 46.4 10.6 1.3 — 9.0 1.8 1.9 352.5 109.8 13.3 — — 22.8 3.6 — $ 1,127.2 $ 298.8 $ 114.2 $ 212.2 $ 502.0 (1) Interest obligations are included on the Notes only and assume the Notes are paid at maturity. The calculation of interest on debt outstanding under our revolving credit facility and other variable rate debt ($4.1 million based on 3.30% average interest rate and outstanding borrowings of $124.7 million at December 31, 2017) is not included above due to the estimation required. (2) Purchase obligations include contractual obligations for raw materials and services. (3) Pension and postretirement obligations include projected benefit payments to participants only through 2027. The table above excludes the liability for unrecognized income tax benefits disclosed in Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere herein, since we cannot predict, with reasonable reliability, the timing of potential cash settlements with the respective taxing authorities. We expect that funds provided by operations plus available borrowings under our revolving credit facility will be adequate to meet our cash requirements for at least the next twelve months. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements We do not have off-balance sheet arrangements, financing or other relationships with unconsolidated entities or other persons or derivative instruments. Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates Preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions which affect amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate the accounting policies and estimates that are used to prepare financial statements. Management has made their best estimates and judgments of certain amounts included in the financial statements, giving due consideration to materiality. We do not believe that there is great likelihood that materially different amounts would be reported under different conditions or using different assumptions related to the accounting policies described below. However, application of these accounting policies involves the exercise of judgment and use of assumptions as to future uncertainties and, as a result, actual results could differ from these estimates. 31 Certain accounting policies that require significant management estimates and are deemed critical to our results of operations or financial position are discussed below. On a regular basis, critical accounting policies are reviewed with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors. Revenue Recognition: We recognize revenue, other than from long-term contracts, when title is transferred to the customer, typically upon shipment. Revenue from long-term contracts is accounted for under the percentage of completion method, and recognized on the basis of the percentage each contract’s cost to date bears to the total estimated contract cost. We follow this method since reasonably reliable estimates of revenue and costs of a contract can be made. Revenue earned on contracts in process that are in excess of billings is classified in Other current assets in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet. Billings in excess of revenues earned on contracts in process are classified in Other accrued expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet and totaled $23.0 million and $22.7 million at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Allowance for Obsolete and Slow-Moving Inventory: Inventories are valued using First-In, First-Out (“FIFO”) and stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value and have been reduced by an allowance for obsolete and slow-moving inventories. The estimated allowance is based on management’s review of inventories on hand with minimal sales activity, which is compared to estimated future usage and sales. Inventories identified by management as slow-moving or obsolete are reserved for based on estimated selling prices less disposal costs. Though we consider these allowances adequate and proper, changes in economic conditions in specific markets in which we operate could have a material effect on allowances required. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets: In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 360, “Property, Plant and Equipment,” management performs impairment tests of long-lived assets, including property and equipment, whenever an event occurs or circumstances change that indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable or the useful life of the asset has changed. We review our long-lived assets for indicators of impairment such as a decision to idle certain facilities and consolidate certain operations, a current-period operating or cash flow loss or a forecast that demonstrates continuing losses associated with the use of a long- lived asset and the expectation that, more likely than not, a long-lived asset will be sold or otherwise disposed of significantly before the end of its previously estimated useful life. When we identify impairment indicators, we determine whether the carrying amount of our long-lived assets is recoverable by comparing the carrying value to the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the assets. We consider whether impairments exist at the lowest level of independent identifiable cash flows within a reporting unit (for example, plant location, program level or asset level). If the carrying value of the assets exceeds the expected cash flows, we estimate the fair value of these assets by using appraisals or recent selling experience in selling similar assets, or for certain assets with reasonably predictable cash flows by performing a discounted cash flow analysis to estimate fair value when market information is not available to determine whether an impairment existed. An asset impairment charge of $4.0 million was recognized in the first quarter of 2016 due to sales volume declines in certain programs with an automotive customer. Business Combinations, Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Assets: Business combinations are accounted for using the purchase method of accounting. This method requires the Company to record assets and liabilities of the business acquired at their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. Any excess of the cost of the acquisition over the fair value of the net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. The Company uses valuation specialists to perform appraisals and assist in the determination of the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. These valuations require management to make estimates and assumptions. As required by ASC 350, “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other” (“ASC 350”), management performs impairment testing of goodwill at least annually, as of October 1 of each year, or more frequently if impairment indicators arise. In accordance with ASC 350, management tests goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level. A reporting unit is an operating segment pursuant to ASC 280, “Segment Reporting”, or one level below the operating segment (component level) as determined by the availability of discrete financial information that is regularly reviewed by operating segment management. Our reporting units have been identified at the 32 component level. For 2017 and 2016, we performed quantitative testing for each reporting unit with a goodwill balance. In 2015, we performed our testing using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Goodwill testing compares the carrying amount of the reporting unit to its estimated fair value. To the extent that the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value, an impairment charge is recorded. In applying the quantitative approach, we rely on a number of factors, including future business plans, actual and forecasted operating results, and market data. The significant assumptions employed under this method include discount rates; revenue growth rates, including assumed terminal growth rates; future capital expenditures and working capital needs; and operating margins used to project future cash flows for a reporting unit. The discount rates utilized reflect market-based estimates of capital costs and discount rates adjusted for management’s assessment of a market participant’s view with respect to other risks associated with the projected cash flows of the individual reporting unit. Our estimates are based upon assumptions we believe to be reasonable, but which by nature are uncertain and unpredictable. We believe we incorporate ample sensitivity ranges into our analysis of goodwill impairment testing for a reporting unit, such that actual experience would need to be materially out of the range of expected assumptions in order for an impairment to remain undetected. The results of testing as of October 1, 2017, 2016 and 2015 for all reporting units confirmed that the estimated fair value exceeded carrying values, and no impairment existed as of those dates. Additionally, we test all indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment at least annually, as of October 1 of each year, or more frequently if impairment indicators arise. In 2017 and 2016, we utilized a quantitative approach. In 2015, we utilized a combination of qualitative and quantitative assessments. Our fiscal 2017, 2016 and 2015 annual impairment tests of each of our indefinite-lived intangible assets did not result in any impairment loss. The significant assumptions employed under this method include discount rates and revenue growth rates, including assumed terminal growth rates. The discount rates utilized reflect market-based estimates of capital costs and discount rates adjusted for management’s assessment of a market participant’s view with respect to other risks associated with the projected cash flows of the individual reporting unit. Our estimates are based upon assumptions we believe to be reasonable, but which by nature are uncertain and unpredictable. We believe we incorporate ample sensitivity ranges into our analysis of intangible impairment testing, such that actual experience would need to be materially out of the range of expected assumptions in order for an impairment to remain undetected. See Notes 4 and 5 of the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere herein for additional disclosure on goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles. Income Taxes: In accordance with ASC 740, “Income Taxes” (“ASC 740”), we account for income taxes under the asset and liability method, whereby deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on temporary differences between the financial reporting and the tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the currently enacted tax rates. Specifically, we measure gross deferred tax assets for deductible temporary differences and carryforwards, such as operating losses and tax credits, using the applicable enacted tax rates and apply the more likely than not measurement criterion. In determining the adequacy of valuation allowances, we consider cumulative and anticipated amounts of domestic and international earnings or losses, anticipated amounts of foreign source income, and the anticipated taxable income resulting from the reversal of future taxable temporary differences. We intend to maintain any recorded valuation allowances until sufficient positive evidence, such as cumulative positive foreign earnings or additional foreign source income, exists to support reversal of the tax valuation allowances. Further, at each interim reporting period, we estimate an effective income tax rate that is expected to be applicable for the full year. Significant judgment is involved regarding the application of global income tax laws and regulations and when projecting the jurisdictional mix of income. Additionally, interpretation of tax laws, court decisions or other guidance provided by taxing authorities influences our estimate of the effective income 33 tax rates. As a result, our actual annual effective income tax rates and related income tax liabilities may differ materially from our interim estimated effective tax rates and related income tax liabilities. Any resulting differences are recorded in the period they become known. During 2017 and 2016, the Company reversed various income tax accruals totaling approximately $1.6 million and $4.0 million, respectively, relating to previous uncertain tax positions for which the statutes of limitations expired. Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans: We and our subsidiaries have pension plans, principally noncontributory defined benefit or noncontributory defined contribution plans and postretirement benefit plans covering substantially all employees. The measurement of liabilities related to these plans is based on management’s assumptions related to future events, including interest rates, return on pension plan assets, rate of compensation increases, and health care cost trends. Pension plan asset performance in the future will directly impact our net income. We have evaluated our pension and other postretirement benefit assumptions, considering current trends in interest rates and market conditions and believe our assumptions are appropriate. We consult with our actuaries at least annually when reviewing and selecting the discount rates to be used. The discount rates used by the Company are based on yields of various corporate and governmental bond indices with actual maturity dates that approximate the estimated benefit payment streams of the related pension plans. The discount rates are also reviewed in comparison with current benchmark indices, economic market conditions and the movement in the benchmark yield since the previous fiscal year. The liability weighted-average discount rate for the defined benefit pension plan is 3.52% for 2017, compared with 3.91% in 2016. For the other postretirement benefit plan, the rate is 3.32% for 2017 and 3.63% for 2016. This rate represents the interest rates generally available in the United States, which is the Company’s only country with other postretirement benefit liabilities. Another assumption that affects the Company’s pension expense is the expected long-term rate of return on assets. The Company’s pension plans are funded. The weighted-average expected long-term rate of return on assets assumption is 8.25% for 2017. In determining the expected return on plan assets, we consider both historical performance and an estimate of future long-term rates of return on assets similar to those in our plan. We consult with and consider opinions of financial and actuarial experts in developing appropriate return assumptions. Changes in the related pension benefit costs may occur in the future due to changes in assumptions. The following table illustrates the sensitivity to a change in the assumed discount rate and expected long-term rate of return on assets for the Company’s pension plans and other postretirement plans as of December 31, 2017: Change in Assumption Impact on 2017 Benefit Expense Impact on 2017 Projected Benefit Obligation for Pension Benefits Impact on 2017 Projected Benefit Obligation for Postretirement Benefits 50 basis point decrease in discount rate 50 basis point increase in discount rate 50 basis point decrease in expected return on assets $ $ $ — $ — $ (Dollars in millions) 3.1 (2.8) $ $ 0.7 $ — $ 0.3 (0.3) — See Note 11 of the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere herein for further analysis regarding the sensitivity of the key assumptions applied in the actuarial valuations. Legal Contingencies: We are involved in a variety of claims, suits, investigations and administrative proceedings with respect to commercial, premises liability, product liability, employment and environmental matters arising from the ordinary course of business. We accrue reserves for legal contingencies, on an undiscounted basis, when it is probable that we have incurred a liability and we can reasonably estimate an amount. When a single amount cannot be reasonably estimated, but the cost can be estimated within a range and 34 no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount, we accrue the minimum amount in the range. Based upon facts and information currently available, we believe the amounts reserved are adequate for such pending matters. We monitor the development of legal proceedings on a regular basis and will adjust our reserves when, and to the extent, additional information becomes available. Recent and Future Adoption of Accounting Standards See Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere herein. Environmental We have been identified as a potentially responsible party at third-party sites under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, as amended, or comparable state laws, which provide for strict and, under certain circumstances, joint and several liability. We are participating in the cost of certain clean-up efforts at several of these sites. However, our share of such costs has not been material and based on available information, management does not expect our exposure at any of these locations to have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, liquidity or financial condition. We have been named as one of many defendants in a number of asbestos-related personal injury lawsuits. Our cost of defending such lawsuits has not been material to date and, based upon available information, management does not expect our future costs for asbestos-related lawsuits to have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, liquidity or financial condition. We caution, however, that inherent in management’s estimates of our exposure are expected trends in claims severity, frequency and other factors that may materially vary as claims are filed and settled or otherwise resolved. Seasonality; Variability of Operating Results The timing of orders placed by our customers has varied with, among other factors, orders for customers’ finished goods, customer production schedules, competitive conditions and general economic conditions. The variability of the level and timing of orders has, from time to time, resulted in significant periodic and quarterly fluctuations in the operations of our business units. Such variability is particularly evident in the industrial equipment business unit included in the Engineered Products segment, which typically ships a few large systems per year. Forward-Looking Statements This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains certain statements that are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. The words “believes”, “anticipates”, “plans”, “expects”, “intends”, “estimates” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward- looking statements. These forward-looking statements, including statements regarding future performance of the Company, that are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance and achievements, or industry results, to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. These factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from expectations include, but are not limited to, the following: our substantial indebtedness; the uncertainty of the global economic environment; general business conditions and competitive factors, including pricing pressures and product innovation; demand for our products and services; raw material availability and pricing; fluctuations in energy costs; component part availability and pricing; changes in our relationships with customers and suppliers; the financial condition of our customers, including the impact of any bankruptcies; our ability to successfully integrate recent and future acquisitions into existing operations; the amounts and timing, if any, of purchases of our common stock; changes in general domestic 35 economic conditions such as inflation rates, interest rates, tax rates, unemployment rates, higher labor and healthcare costs, recessions and changing government policies, laws and regulations, including those related to the current global uncertainties and crises; adverse impacts to us, our suppliers and customers from acts of terrorism or hostilities; our ability to meet various covenants, including financial covenants, contained in the agreements governing our indebtedness; disruptions, uncertainties or volatility in the credit markets that may limit our access to capital; potential disruption due to a partial or complete reconfiguration of the European Union; increasingly stringent domestic and foreign governmental regulations, including those affecting the environment or import and export controls and other trade barriers; inherent uncertainties involved in assessing our potential liability for environmental remediation-related activities; the outcome of pending and future litigation and other claims and disputes with customers; the outcome of the review conducted by the special committee of our board of directors; our dependence on the automotive and heavy-duty truck industries, which are highly cyclical; the dependence of the automotive industry on consumer spending; our ability to negotiate contracts with labor unions; our dependence on key management; our dependence on information systems; our ability to continue to pay cash dividends, and the other factors we describe under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which such statement is made, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law. In light of these and other uncertainties, the inclusion of a forward-looking statement herein should not be regarded as a representation by us that our plans and objectives will be achieved. The Company assumes no obligation to update the information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, except to the extent required by law. 36 Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk We are exposed to market risk, including changes in interest rates. As of December 31, 2017, we are subject to interest rate risk on borrowings under the floating rate revolving credit facility provided by our Credit Agreement, which consisted of borrowings of $124.7 million at December 31, 2017. A 100 basis point increase in the interest rate would have resulted in an increase in interest expense on these borrowings of approximately $1.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. Our foreign subsidiaries generally conduct business in local currencies. We face translation risks related to the changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Amounts invested in our foreign operations are translated in U.S. dollars at the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded as a component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss in the Shareholders’ equity section of the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. Sales and expenses at our foreign operations are translated into U.S. dollars at the applicable monthly average exchange rates. Therefore, changes in exchange rates may either positively or negatively affect our net sales and expenses from foreign operations as expressed in U.S. dollars. Our largest exposures to commodity prices relate to steel and natural gas prices, which have fluctuated widely in recent years. We do not have any commodity swap agreements, forward purchase or hedge contracts. 37 Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Financial Data Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consolidated Balance Sheets — December 31, 2017 and 2016 Consolidated Statements of Income — Years Ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) — Years Ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity — Years Ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows — Years Ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited) — Years Ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 Supplementary Financial Data Schedule II — Valuation and Qualifying accounts Page 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 72 73 73 38 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. Opinion on the Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income (loss), shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017, and the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a) (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated March 8, 2018 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon. Basis for Opinion These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. /s/ Ernst & Young LLP We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1967. Cleveland, Ohio March 8, 2018 39 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting We have audited Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and subsidiaries’ internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, based on criteria established in Internal Control- Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and subsidiaries (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, based on the COSO criteria. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income (loss), shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017, and the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a) and our report dated March 8, 2018 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon. As indicated in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting, management’s assessment of and conclusion on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting did not include the internal controls of Aero-Missile Components, Inc., Head & All Threads, Ltd., and an injection molding business, which is included in the 2017 consolidated financial statements of the Company and constituted approximately 5% of the Company’s total assets as of December 31, 2017, and approximately 1% of the Company’s total revenues, for the year then ended. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting of the Company also did not include an evaluation of the internal control over financial reporting of Aero-Missile Components, Inc., Heads & All Threads, Ltd., and the injection molding business. Basis for Opinion The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. /s/ Ernst & Young LLP Cleveland, Ohio March 8, 2018 40 Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Balance Sheets December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 (In millions, except share data) ASSETS Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents Accounts receivable, net Inventories, net Other current assets Total current assets Property, plant and equipment, net Goodwill Intangible assets, net Pension assets Other long-term assets Total assets $ $ 82.8 242.6 282.8 61.4 669.6 177.0 100.2 99.5 74.3 11.9 $ 1,132.5 $ LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY Current liabilities: Trade accounts payable Current portion of long-term debt and short-term debt Accrued employee compensation Other accrued expenses Total current liabilities Long-term liabilities, less current portion: Debt Deferred income taxes Other long-term liabilities Total long-term liabilities Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and Subsidiaries shareholders’ equity: Capital stock, par value $1 a share Serial preferred stock: Authorized — 632,470 shares: Issued and outstanding — none Common stock: Authorized — 40,000,000 shares; Issued — 15,153,009 shares in 2017 and 14,846,035 in 2016 Additional paid-in capital Retained earnings Treasury stock, at cost, 2,624,354 shares in 2017 and 2,446,111 shares in 2016 Accumulated other comprehensive loss Total Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and Subsidiaries shareholders’ equity Noncontrolling interests Total equity $ $ 173.7 17.7 23.0 61.7 276.1 515.5 22.3 30.6 568.4 — 15.2 117.8 216.1 (55.2) (17.9) 276.0 12.0 288.0 Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity $ 1,132.5 $ The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 41 64.3 194.4 240.6 53.4 552.7 167.1 86.6 96.6 61.7 9.6 974.3 133.6 30.8 18.8 58.7 241.9 439.0 27.7 29.7 496.4 — 14.9 108.8 193.6 (48.6) (42.7) 226.0 10.0 236.0 974.3 Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Income Net sales Cost of sales Gross profit Selling, general and administrative expenses Litigation (settlement gains) judgment costs Asset impairment charge Operating income Interest expense Loss on extinguishment of debt Income before income taxes Income tax expense Net income Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest Net income attributable to ParkOhio common shareholders Earnings per common share attributable to ParkOhio common shareholders: Basic Diluted Weighted-average shares used to compute earnings per share: Basic Diluted Cash dividend per common share Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 (In millions, except per share data) $ 1,412.9 1,178.3 $ 1,276.9 1,073.9 $ 1,463.8 1,228.6 234.6 147.7 (3.3) — 90.2 31.5 11.0 47.7 18.2 29.5 (0.9) 203.0 129.8 — 4.0 69.2 28.2 — 41.0 8.8 32.2 (0.5) 235.2 135.1 2.2 — 97.9 27.9 — 70.0 21.3 48.7 (0.6) $ $ $ $ 28.6 $ 31.7 $ 48.1 2.34 2.30 12.2 12.5 0.50 $ $ $ 2.62 2.58 12.1 12.3 0.50 $ $ $ 3.94 3.88 12.2 12.4 0.50 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 42 Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Net income Other comprehensive income (loss): Foreign currency translation adjustments Pension and postretirement benefit adjustments, net of tax Total other comprehensive income (loss) Total comprehensive income, net of tax Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest Comprehensive income attributable to ParkOhio common $ 29.5 19.2 5.6 24.8 54.3 (0.9) (In millions) 32.2 $ $ 48.7 (13.9) 1.2 (12.7) 19.5 (0.5) (11.8) (4.2) (16.0) 32.7 (0.6) shareholders $ 53.4 $ 19.0 $ 32.1 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 43 Additional Paid-In Capital Retained Earnings Treasury Stock Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income Noncontrolling Interest Total Balance at January 1, 2015 14,513,821 $ 14.5 $ 89.8 $ 126.5 $ Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity Common Stock Shares Amount (In whole shares) — — 72,500 (29,836) 14,000 83,500 — — — 14,653,985 — — 172,550 (4,000) 1,500 22,000 — — 0.1 — — 0.1 — — — 14.7 — — 0.2 — — — — — 7.3 (0.1) — — 1.1 — — 0.9 99.0 — 10.6 (0.2) — — 0.5 — 48.1 — — — — — (6.3) — — 168.3 31.7 — — — — — (6.2) (In millions) $ (31.2) — — — — — — — (15.5) — (46.7) — — — — — — — Comprehensive income (loss) Share-based compensation Restricted stock awards Restricted stock cancelled Performance shares issued Exercise of stock options Dividends Purchase of treasury stock (369,211 shares) Income tax effect of share-based compensation exercises and vesting Balance at December 31, 2015 Comprehensive income (loss) Share-based compensation Restricted stock awards Restricted stock cancelled Performance shares issued Exercise of stock options Dividends Purchase of treasury stock (62,208 shares) Income tax effect of share-based compensation exercises and vesting Acquisition Other — — — — (1.9) — — — — — — 14.9 — — 0.3 — — — — — — — (0.6) — (0.5) 108.8 — 8.6 (0.3) — — 0.7 — — — — — — (0.2) 193.6 28.6 — — — — — (6.3) — — 0.2 — — — (48.6) — — — — — — — (6.6) — — Balance at December 31, 2016 Comprehensive income Share-based compensation Restricted stock awards Restricted stock cancelled Performance shares issued Exercise of stock options Dividends Purchase of treasury stock (178,243 14,846,035 — — 266,280 (2,000) 4,694 38,000 — shares) Acquisition adjustment Other — — — Balance at December 31, 2017 15,153,009 $ 15.2 $ 117.8 $ 216.1 $ (55.2) $ (17.9) $ 12.0 $ 288.0 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 44 (14.0) (16.0) — — — — — — — — (30.0) (12.7) — — — — — — — — — — (42.7) 24.8 — — — — — — — — — $ 6.3 $ 191.9 32.7 0.6 7.3 — — — — — — — 1.2 — (6.3) — — (15.5) — 6.9 0.5 — — — — — — — — 2.1 0.5 10.0 0.9 — — — — — (0.6) — 1.7 — 0.9 212.2 19.5 10.6 — — — 0.5 (6.2) (1.9) (0.6) 2.1 (0.2) 236.0 54.3 8.6 — — — 0.7 (6.9) (6.6) 1.7 0.2 Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows OPERATING ACTIVITIES Net income Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization Loss on extinguishment of debt Litigation settlement gain Share-based compensation Asset impairment charge Deferred income taxes Net impact of U.S. Tax Act Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable Inventories Prepaid and other current assets Accounts payable and accrued expenses Litigation settlement payment Other noncurrent liabilities Other Net cash provided by operating activities INVESTING ACTIVITIES Purchases of property, plant and equipment Business acquisitions, net of cash acquired Net cash used by investing activities FINANCING ACTIVITIES (Payments on) proceeds from revolving credit facility, net Payments on term loans and other debt Proceeds from other long-term debt Proceeds from (payments on) capital lease facilities, net Issuance of 6.625% senior notes due 2027 Bank financing costs Redemption of 8.125% senior notes due 2021 Premium on early extinguishment of debt Dividends Share repurchase program Payments of withholding taxes on share awards Other Net cash provided (used) by financing activities Effect of exchange rate changes on cash Increase in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year Cash and cash equivalents at end of year Income taxes paid Interest paid Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 $ 29.5 (In millions) 32.2 $ $ 48.7 31.5 11.0 (3.3) 8.6 — 5.6 4.2 (25.1) (19.0) (4.4) 23.8 (4.0) (4.3) (7.4) 46.7 (27.9) (39.7) (67.6) (8.1) (31.3) — 1.5 350.0 (7.6) (250.0) (8.0) (6.9) (4.2) (2.4) 0.7 33.7 5.7 18.5 64.3 82.8 11.3 29.9 $ $ $ $ $ $ 29.5 — — 10.6 4.0 2.8 — 13.7 8.6 (5.5) (8.8) — (8.1) (6.1) 72.9 (28.5) (23.4) (51.9) (36.2) (4.5) 34.9 (1.2) — — — — (6.2) (0.1) (1.8) (2.1) (17.2) (1.5) 2.3 62.0 64.3 8.7 25.9 $ $ $ 28.7 — — 7.3 — 2.9 — 3.8 (15.4) 8.7 (36.9) — 1.6 (4.7) 44.7 (36.5) — (36.5) 7.9 (3.6) 2.3 13.8 — — — — (6.3) (10.2) (5.3) 2.1 0.7 (4.9) 4.0 58.0 62.0 19.0 25.7 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 45 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Dollars in millions, except per share data) NOTE 1 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Consolidation and Basis of Presentation: Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. (“ParkOhio,” “we” or the “Company”) is a diversified international company providing world-class customers with a supply chain management outsourcing service, capital equipment used on their production lines, and manufactured components used to assemble their products. The Company operates through three reportable segments: Supply Technologies, Assembly Components and Engineered Products. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all of its majority-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company does not have off-balance sheet arrangements or financings with unconsolidated entities or other persons. The Company leases certain real properties owned by related parties as described in Note 10. Transactions with related parties are not material to the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Accounting Estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Cash Equivalents: The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts: Accounts receivable are recorded at net realizable value. Accounts receivable are reduced by an allowance for amounts that may become uncollectable in the future. The allowance for doubtful accounts was $4.5 million and $4.0 million at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectfully. The Company’s policy is to identify and reserve for specific collectability concerns based on customers’ financial condition and payment history as well as a general reserve based on historical trends and other information. During 2017 and 2016, we sold approximately $80.0 million and $81.6 million, respectively, of accounts receivable to mitigate accounts receivable concentration risk and to provide additional financing capacity. In compliance with ASC 860, “Transfers and Servicing”, sales of accounts receivable are reflected as a reduction of accounts receivable in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and the proceeds are included in cash flows from operating activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. In 2017 and 2016, an expense in the amount of $0.6 million and $0.5 million, respectively, related to the discount on sale of accounts receivable is recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Inventories: Inventories are stated at the lower of first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) cost or net realizable value. Major Classes of Inventories Finished goods Work in process Raw materials and supplies Inventories, net Other inventory items Inventory reserves Consigned Inventory December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 (In millions) $ $ $ $ 171.3 43.9 67.6 282.8 (29.8) 9.8 $ $ $ $ 131.4 43.4 65.8 240.6 (30.2) 12.2 46 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Property, Plant and Equipment: Property, plant and equipment is carried at cost. Additions and improvements that extend the lives of assets are capitalized, and expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to operations as incurred. Depreciation and amortization of fixed assets, including capital leases, is computed principally by the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives of the assets ranging from five to 40 years for buildings, and one to 20 years for machinery and equipment (with the majority in the range of three to ten years). The following table summarizes property, plant and equipment: Property, plant and equipment: Land and land improvements Buildings Machinery and equipment Leased property under capital leases Total property, plant and equipment Less accumulated depreciation Property, plant and equipment, net December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 (In millions) $ $ 11.6 73.9 348.6 24.1 458.2 281.2 177.0 $ $ 11.3 74.9 316.1 20.4 422.7 255.6 167.1 Information regarding depreciation expense of property, plant and equipment follows: Depreciation expense Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 $ 24.9 (In millions) $ 23.4 $ 22.3 Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Assets: In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 350, “Intangibles — Goodwill and Other” (“ASC 350”), goodwill and indefinite life intangible assets are not amortized, but rather are tested annually for impairment as of October 1, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate there may be an indicator of impairment in accordance with ASC 350. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level and is based on the net assets for each reporting unit, including goodwill and intangible assets, compared to the fair value. Our reporting units have been identified at the component level. The Company completed its annual goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles impairment testing as of October 1 of each year, noting no impairment. The Company uses an income approach, utilizing a discounted cash flow model based on forecasted cash flows and weighted average cost of capital, and other valuation techniques to determine fair value. See Notes 4 and 5 of the consolidated financial statements for additional disclosure on goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles. Impairment of Other Long-Lived Assets: Other long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Upon indications of impairment, assets and liabilities are grouped at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. The asset group would be considered impaired when the estimated future net undiscounted cash flows generated by the asset group are less than its carrying value. 47 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Fair Values of Financial Instruments: Certain financial instruments are required to be recorded at fair value. The Company measures financial assets and liabilities at fair value in three levels of inputs. The three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies, is: Level 1 — Valuations based on quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in active markets. Level 2 — Valuations based on observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data. Level 3 — Valuations based on unobservable inputs reflecting our own assumptions, consistent with reasonably available assumptions made by other market participants. These valuations require significant judgment. Changes in assumptions or estimation methods could affect the fair value estimates; however, we do not believe any such changes would have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and borrowings under the Credit Agreement (as defined in Note 6) approximate fair value at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 because of the short-term nature of these instruments. The fair values of long-term debt and pension plan assets are disclosed in Note 6 and Note 11, respectively. The Company has not changed its valuation techniques for measuring fair value during 2017, and there were no transfers between levels during the periods presented. Income Taxes: The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method, whereby deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on temporary differences between the financial reporting and the tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the current enacted tax rates. In determining these amounts, management determined the probability of realizing deferred tax assets, taking into consideration factors including historical operating results, cumulative earnings and losses, expectations of future earnings, taxable income and the extended period of time over which the postretirement benefits will be paid and accordingly records valuation allowances if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of our deferred tax assets will not be realized as required by ASC 740, “Income Taxes” (“ASC 740”). Share-Based Compensation: The Company follows the provisions of ASC 718, “Compensation — Stock Compensation” (“ASC 718”), which requires all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized in the income statement based on their grant date fair values. Compensation expense for awards with service conditions only that are subject to graded vesting is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the vesting period. Compensation expense of performance-based awards is recognized as an expense over the vesting periods of the awards using the accelerated attribution method once performance is deemed probable. Under the provisions of the Company’s 2015 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan (“2015 Plan”), which is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors, incentive stock options, non-statutory stock options, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), restricted share units, performance shares or stock awards may be awarded to directors and all employees of the Company and its subsidiaries. The 2015 Plan replaces in its entirety the 1998 Long-Term Incentive Plan, as amended (“1998 Plan”), but shares that remained 48 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) available under the 1998 Plan were added to the aggregate share limit under that 2015 Plan. Stock options will be exercisable in whole or in installments as may be determined provided that no options will be exercisable more than ten years from date of grant. The exercise price will be the fair value at the date of grant. The aggregate number of shares of the Company’s common stock that may be awarded under the 2015 Plan is 98,586. Revenue Recognition: The Company recognizes revenue, other than from long-term contracts, when title is transferred to the customer, typically upon shipment. Revenue from long-term contracts is accounted for under the percentage of completion method, and recognized on the basis of the percentage each contract’s cost to date bears to the total estimated contract cost. We follow this method since reasonably reliable estimates of revenue and costs of a contract can be made. Revenue earned on contracts in process that are in excess of billings is classified as unbilled contract revenues in Other current assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheet and totaled $40.1 million and $35.6 million at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Billings in excess of revenues earned on contracts in process are classified in Other accrued expenses in the Consolidated Balance Sheet and totaled $23.0 million and $22.7 million at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Cost of Sales: Cost of sales is primarily comprised of direct materials and supplies consumed in the manufacture of product; manufacturing labor, depreciation expense and direct overhead expense; and shipping and handling costs. Concentration of Credit Risk: The Company sells its products to customers in diversified industries. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition but does not require collateral to support customer receivables. The Company establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts based upon factors surrounding the credit risk of specific customers, historical trends and other information. As of December 31, 2017, the Company had uncollateralized receivables with six customers in the automotive industry, each with several locations, aggregating $42.7 million, which represented approximately 18% of the Company’s trade accounts receivable. During 2017, sales to these customers amounted to approximately $291.3 million, which represented approximately 21% of the Company’s net sales. Environmental: The Company expenses environmental costs related to existing conditions resulting from past or current operations and from which no current or future benefit is discernible. Costs that extend the life of the related property or mitigate or prevent future environmental contamination are capitalized. The Company records a liability when environmental assessments and/or remedial efforts are probable and can be reasonably estimated. The estimated liability of the Company is not reduced for possible recoveries from insurance carriers and is undiscounted. Foreign Currency Translation: The functional currency for a majority of subsidiaries outside the United States is the local currency. Financial statements for these subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at year-end exchange rates for assets and liabilities and weighted-average exchange rates for revenues and expenses. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in shareholders’ equity. Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency translations, including intercompany transactions that are not considered permanent investments, are included in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Warranties: The Company estimates the amount of warranty claims on sold products that may be incurred based on current and historical data. The actual warranty expense could differ from the estimates made by the 49 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Company based on product performance. The following table presents the changes in the Company’s product warranty liability: Balance at January 1 Claims paid during the year Warranty expense Acquired warranty liabilities Other Balance at December 31 Year Ended December 31, 2017 7.1 (4.0) 4.7 0.1 — 7.9 $ $ $ $ 2015 $ 2016 (In millions) 6.1 (3.7) 2.0 2.8 (0.1) 7.1 $ 6.9 (4.7) 4.0 — (0.1) 6.1 Weighted-Average Number of Shares Used in Computing Earnings Per Share: The following table sets forth the weighted-average number of shares used in the computation of earnings per share: Weighted average basic shares outstanding Plus dilutive impact of employee stock awards Weighted average diluted shares outstanding Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 12,211,978 243,963 12,455,941 (In whole shares) 12,126,264 148,188 12,274,452 12,215,425 167,526 12,382,951 Outstanding stock options with exercise prices greater than the average price of the common shares are anti- dilutive and are not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share. For the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the anti-dilutive shares were insignificant. Accounting Pronouncements Adopted In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-09, “Compensation — Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share- Based Payment Accounting.” The ASU simplifies several aspects of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures and statutory tax withholding requirements, as well as classification of related amounts within the statement of cash flows. The Company adopted this ASU effective January 1, 2017. ASU 2016-09 requires prospective recognition of excess tax benefits and deficiencies resulting from share- based compensation awards vesting and exercises be recognized as a discrete income tax adjustment in the income statement. Previously, these amounts were recognized in Additional paid-in capital. In 2017, the Company recognized income tax expense of $0.2 million for excess tax deficiencies upon vesting of awards. In addition, ASU 2016-09 requires excess tax benefits and shortfalls to be prospectively excluded from the assumed future proceeds in the calculation of diluted shares, resulting in an insignificant increase in diluted weighted average shares outstanding for 2017 and an immaterial impact on earnings per share. ASU 2016-09 also requires that excess tax benefits from share-based compensation awards be reported as operating activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Previously, this activity was included in financing activities on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The Company has elected to apply this change on a prospective basis. This change has an immaterial impact on our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Also, we elected to continue to estimate forfeitures rather than account for them as they occur. 50 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, “Intangibles — Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill impairment.” The amendments in the ASU simplify how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company early adopted this guidance for its October 1, 2017 impairment test. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, a comprehensive new revenue recognition standard that will supersede existing guidance under U.S. GAAP. The core principle of the new standard is that a company should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Our implementation efforts included the identification of revenue within the scope of the standard, the evaluation of revenue contracts under the guidance, and assessing the impacts of the new standard on our financial statements. The new standard is effective for the Company for the first quarter of 2018, and we will utilize the modified retrospective method of adoption. This method allows companies to record a one-time adjustment to beginning retained earnings as of January 1, 2018 for the cumulative effect that the standard will have on open contracts at the date of adoption. During our implementation, we identified certain contracts which will require over time recognition under the new standard, either as goods are manufactured or services are performed, rather than at the time of shipment or completion as we do under existing guidance. Upon adoption, we expect to accelerate approximately $13 million to $17 million of revenue, resulting in a cumulative-effect adjustment of approximately $2 million to $4 million to our 2018 beginning retained earnings. In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, “Financial Instruments — Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.” The amendments in this update address certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. The Board also is addressing measurement of credit losses on financial assets in a separate project. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is not permitted. The new guidance will be applied prospectively and is expected to have an immaterial impact on the financial statements. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842).” The amendment establishes a comprehensive new lease accounting model. The new standard: (a) clarifies the definition of a lease; (b) requires a dual approach to lease classification similar to current lease classifications; and (c) causes lessees to recognize leases on the balance sheet as a lease liability with a corresponding right-of-use asset for leases with a lease-term of more than twelve months. This ASU is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. The new standard requires a modified retrospective transition for capital or operating leases existing at or entered into after the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, but it does not require transition accounting for leases that expire prior to the date of initial application. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance. In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, “Compensation — Retirement Benefits (Topic 715), Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost.” The ASU requires that an employer report the service cost component in the same line item or items as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period. The Company will adopt this standard on the required date of January 1, 2018. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance. 51 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) No other recently issued ASUs are expected to have a material impact on our results of operations, financial condition or liquidity. NOTE 2 — Segments The Company operates through three reportable segments: Supply Technologies, Assembly Components and Engineered Products. Supply Technologies provides our customers with Total Supply Management™ services for a broad range of high-volume, specialty production components. Assembly Components manufactures cast aluminum components, automotive and industrial rubber and thermoplastic products, gasoline direct injection systems, fuel filler and hydraulic assemblies for automotive, agricultural equipment, construction equipment, heavy-duty truck and marine equipment industries, and also provides value-added services such as design and engineering, machining and assembly. Engineered Products operates a diverse group of niche manufacturing businesses that design and manufacture a broad range of high quality products engineered for specific customer applications. For purposes of measuring business segment performance, the Company utilizes segment operating income, which is defined as revenues less expenses identifiable to the product lines within each segment. The Company does not allocate items that are non-operating; unusual in nature; or are corporate costs, which include but are not limited to executive compensation and corporate office costs. Segment operating income reconciles to consolidated income before income taxes by deducting corporate costs, certain non-cash charges and interest expense. Results by business segment were as follows: Net sales: Supply Technologies Assembly Components Engineered Products Segment operating income: Supply Technologies Assembly Components Engineered Products Total segment operating income Corporate costs Asset impairment charge Litigation settlement gains (judgment costs) Operating income Interest expense Loss on extinguishment of debt Income before income taxes $ $ $ 2017 561.8 524.5 326.6 1,412.9 45.9 50.4 20.7 117.0 (30.1) — 3.3 90.2 (31.5) (11.0) Year Ended December 31, 2016 (In millions) 2015 $ $ $ $ $ $ 502.1 529.4 245.4 1,276.9 40.0 50.5 10.6 101.1 (27.9) (4.0) — 69.2 (28.2) — 578.7 569.2 315.9 1,463.8 50.3 57.9 20.9 129.1 (29.0) — (2.2) 97.9 (27.9) — 70.0 $ 47.7 $ 41.0 $ 52 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Capital expenditures: Supply Technologies Assembly Components Engineered Products Corporate Depreciation and amortization expense: Supply Technologies Assembly Components Engineered Products Corporate Identifiable assets: Supply Technologies Assembly Components Engineered Products Corporate Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 (In millions) 2015 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 3.3 18.6 5.7 0.3 27.9 4.7 20.7 5.6 0.5 31.5 344.4 351.4 353.6 83.1 1,132.5 $ 6.1 16.9 5.5 — 28.5 4.7 20.1 4.1 0.6 29.5 262.0 332.9 304.9 74.5 974.3 $ $ $ $ $ $ 3.7 27.3 5.5 — 36.5 4.7 18.6 4.2 1.2 28.7 276.3 344.8 243.1 77.9 942.1 The percentage of net sales by product line included in each segment was as follows: Supply Technologies: Supply Technologies Engineered specialty products Assembly Components: Fuel-related, rubber and plastic products Aluminum products Engineered Products: Industrial equipment business Forged and machined products Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 85% 15% 100% 70% 30% 100% 84% 16% 100% 85% 15% 100% 67% 33% 100% 79% 21% 100% 87% 13% 100% 59% 41% 100% 81% 19% 100% 53 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) The Company’s approximate percentage of net sales by geographic region was as follows: United States Europe Asia Mexico Canada Other Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 65% 10% 9% 8% 7% 1% 71% 8% 8% 6% 6% 1% 72% 7% 8% 6% 6% 1% 100% 100% 100% The basis for attributing revenue to individual geographic regions is customer location. At December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, approximately 65%, 68% and 71%, respectively, of the Company’s assets were located in the United States. NOTE 3 — Acquisitions On April 28, 2017, the Company acquired Aero-Missile Components Inc. (“AMC”). AMC, which is included in our Supply Technologies segment, is a supply chain management business providing high-quality specialty fasteners and other components to the defense and aerospace markets in the United States. On October 3, 2017, the Company completed the acquisition of Heads & All Threads Ltd. (“HAT”). HAT, which is included in our Supply Technologies segment, is a leading European supplier of supply chain management services specializing in developing vendor-managed inventory programs of fasteners, machined parts and other class C components to various industrial end markets. On December 29, 2017, the Company completed the acquisition of an injection molding business. The acquisition, which is included in our Assembly Components segment, is a manufacturer of precision-molded rubber components for several industrial markets. The results of operations of the 2017 acquisitions are included our consolidated results from their respective acquisition dates. Collectively, the 2017 acquisitions contributed $18.5 million of sales for the year ended December 31, 2017. The combined purchase price of the 2017 acquisitions was $39.7 million, net of cash acquired. The purchase price allocations for the 2017 acquisitions are preliminary as of December 31, 2017, subject to finalization of the Company’s determination of the value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, which is expected to be completed as soon as practicable but no later than twelve months after the respective acquisition dates. Goodwill of $8.4 million and intangibles of $2.0 million are recorded in the December 31, 2017 consolidated balance sheet related to the 2017 acquisitions. In December 2016, the Company acquired all the outstanding capital stock of GH Electrotermia S.A. (“GH”), headquartered in Valencia, Spain, for $23.4 million in cash (net of $6.3 million cash acquired), plus the assumption of $13.9 million in debt. The Company finalized its valuation of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed during 2017. The purchase agreement stipulated potential contingent consideration of up to $2.1 million based on achievement of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) targets for 2016 and 2017. The EBITDA targets were not achieved, and therefore no contingent consideration was paid to the seller. 54 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) NOTE 4 — Goodwill The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segment are as follows: Supply Technologies Assembly Components Engineered Products Total Balance at January 1, 2015 Acquisition adjustments Foreign currency translation $ Balance at December 31, 2015 GH acquisition Foreign currency translation Balance at December 31, 2016 Acquisitions and adjustments Foreign currency translation $ 7.6 — (0.4) 7.2 — (1.1) 6.1 8.4 0.9 (In millions) $ 54.0 0.1 — 54.1 — — 54.1 — — $ 27.9 (6.3) (0.9) 20.7 6.1 (0.4) 26.4 1.5 2.8 89.5 (6.2) (1.3) 82.0 6.1 (1.5) 86.6 9.9 3.7 Balance at December 31, 2017 $ 15.4 $ 54.1 $ 30.7 $ 100.2 A portion of the goodwill associated with the GH acquisition is deductible for income tax purposes. Goodwill associated with the 2017 acquisitions is not deductible for income tax purposes. NOTE 5 — Other Intangible Assets December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 Weighted Average Useful Life (Years) Gross Value Accumulated Amortization Net Value Gross Value Accumulated Amortization Net Value 9.2 $ 83.4 $ 29.3 $ (In millions) 54.1 $ 75.5 $ 23.7 $ 51.8 * 17.5 7.2 23.7 23.6 4.1 * 3.0 3.0 23.7 20.6 1.1 22.4 23.0 4.0 * 1.8 2.8 $ 134.8 $ 35.3 $ 99.5 $ 124.9 $ 28.3 $ 22.4 21.2 1.2 96.6 Customer relationships Indefinite-lived tradenames Technology Other Total * Not applicable, as these tradenames have an indefinite life. As part of HAT acquisition, we acquired approximately $2.0 million of customer relationships. As described in Note 3, the fair value of this intangible asset is subject to finalization of its fair value analysis, expected to be completed not later than twelve months after the acquisition date. As part of the GH acquisition, we acquired approximately $3.6 million of customer relationships, $4.8 million of tradenames and $6.5 million of technology. Amortization expense of other intangible assets follows: Amortization expense 55 Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2017 $ 6.6 (In millions) 6.1 $ $ 6.4 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) We estimate amortization expense for the five years subsequent to December 31, 2017 as follows: 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 NOTE 6 — Financing Arrangements Long-term debt consists of the following: (In millions) 6.8 6.4 6.2 6.2 6.2 $ $ $ $ $ Senior Notes due 2027 Senior Notes due 2021 Revolving credit facility Term loan Industrial Equipment Group European Facilities Capital leases Other Gross debt Less: current portion of long-term debt Less: short-term debt Less: unamortized debt issuance costs Total long-term debt, net Maturity Date Interest Rate at December 31, 2017 December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 Carrying Value at $ April 15, 2027 April 1, 2021 April 17, 2022 December 21, 2021 Various Various 6.625% 8.125% 3.30% 3.25% Various Various (In millions) $ 350.0 — 124.7 — 27.0 20.3 19.9 541.9 (15.4) (2.3) (8.7) $ 515.5 $ — 250.0 132.8 23.4 26.4 18.8 23.6 475.0 (25.8) (5.0) (5.2) 439.0 On April 17, 2017, Park-Ohio Industries, Inc. (“Park-Ohio”), the operating subsidiary of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp., completed the issuance, in a private placement, of $350.0 million aggregate principal amount of 6.625% Senior Notes due 2027 (the “Notes”). Interest on the Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on April 15 and October 15 of each year, and the Notes mature on April 15, 2027. The Notes are unsecured senior obligations of Park-Ohio and are guaranteed on an unsecured senior basis by the 100% owned material domestic subsidiaries of Park-Ohio. Proceeds from the Notes issuance were used to repay in full the previously- outstanding 8.125% Senior Notes due 2021 in the aggregate principal amount of $250.0 million, the term loan and a portion of the borrowings outstanding under the revolving credit facility. The Notes are general unsecured senior obligations of the Company and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a joint and several basis by all material 100% owned domestic subsidiaries of the Company. Provisions of the indenture governing the Senior Notes and the Credit Agreement contain restrictions on the Company’s ability to incur additional indebtedness, to create liens or other encumbrances, to make certain payments, investments, loans and guarantees and to sell or otherwise dispose of a substantial portion of assets or to merge or consolidate with an unaffiliated entity. At December 31, 2017, the Company was in compliance with all financial covenants of the Credit Agreement. 56 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) On April 17, 2017, Park-Ohio also entered into a seventh amended and restated credit agreement (the “Amended Credit Agreement”) with a group of banks to increase the revolving credit facility to $350.0 million and extend the maturity date of borrowings under the facility to April 17, 2022. Furthermore, Park-Ohio has the option, pursuant to the Amended Credit Agreement, to increase the availability under the revolving credit facility by an aggregate incremental amount up to $100.0 million. As of December 31, 2017, $112.7 million was borrowed on the U.S. portion of the facility; $12.0 million of an available $25.0 million was borrowed on the European sub-limit portion of the facility; and the Company had approximately $194.2 million of unused borrowing capacity under the revolving credit facility. None of the available $35.0 million of the Canadian sub-limit has been borrowed as of December 31, 2017. In connection with the April 2017 repurchase of Senior Notes due 2021 and amendment of our credit agreement, we recorded an $11.0 million loss on extinguishment of debt, representing premiums paid on early extinguishment of $8.0 million, the write-off of unamortized prior debt issuance costs of $2.5 million, and related fees and expenses of $0.5 million. On December 21, 2016, the Company, through its subsidiary, IEGE Industrial Equipment Holding Company Limited, entered into a financing agreement with Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria, S.A. The financing agreement provides the Company a loan up to $27.0 million as of December 31, 2017, as well as a revolving credit facility for up to $12.1 million to fund working capital and general corporate needs. The full $27.0 million loan is outstanding as of December 31, 2017. No amounts have been drawn on the revolving credit facility as of December 31, 2017. On October 21, 2015, the Company, through its subsidiary, Southwest Steel Processing LLC, entered into a financing agreement with the Arkansas Development Finance Authority. The agreement provides the Company the ability to borrow up to $11.0 million for expansion of its manufacturing facility in Arkansas. The loan matures in September 2025. The Company has borrowed $5.3 million under this agreement as of December 31, 2017. On August 13, 2015, the Company entered into a capital lease agreement (the “Lease Agreement”). The Lease Agreement provides the Company up to $50.0 million for capital leases. Capital lease obligations of $20.3 million were borrowed under the Lease Agreement as of December 31, 2017 to acquire machinery and equipment. See Note 10 for additional disclosure. The following table represents fair value information of the Notes, classified as Level 1, at December 31, 2017 and 2016. The fair value was estimated using quoted market prices. Carrying amount Fair value December 31, 2017 (In millions) $ $ 350.0 380.6 Maturities of short-term and long-term debt, excluding capital leases, during each of the five years subsequent to December 31, 2017 are as follows: 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 57 (In millions) 8.6 9.8 9.5 15.3 125.9 $ $ $ $ $ PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Foreign subsidiaries of the Company had $40.2 million of borrowings at December 31, 2017 and $42.4 million at December 31, 2016, and outstanding bank guarantees of approximately $15.1 million at December 31, 2017 under their credit arrangements. The weighted average interest rate on all debt was 6.11% at December 31, 2017 and 6.10% at December 31, 2016. NOTE 7 — Income Taxes Income before income taxes consists of the following: $ $ $ United States Outside the United States Income taxes consists of the following: Current expense (benefit): Federal State Foreign Deferred expense (benefit): Federal State Foreign Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 (In millions) 2015 21.4 26.3 47.7 $ $ 15.4 25.6 41.0 $ $ 44.0 26.0 70.0 Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 (In millions) 2015 14.3 0.7 7.6 22.6 (5.4) 0.3 0.7 (4.4) $ $ (0.8) 0.2 6.6 6.0 1.6 0.5 0.7 2.8 8.8 $ 11.7 0.7 6.0 18.4 2.7 0.6 (0.4) 2.9 21.3 Income tax expense $ 18.2 $ The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “U.S. Tax Act”) was enacted on December 22, 2017. The Tax Act reduces the US federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, requires companies to pay a one-time transition tax on earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries that were previously tax deferred and creates new taxes on certain foreign sourced earnings. The SEC staff issued SAB 118, which provides guidance on accounting for the tax effects of the Tax Act. SAB 118 provides a measurement period that should not extend beyond one year from the Tax Act enactment date for companies to complete the accounting under ASC 740. In accordance with SAB 118, a company must reflect the income tax effects of those aspects of the Tax Act for which the accounting under ASC 740 is complete. To the extent that a company’s accounting for certain income tax effects of the Tax Act is incomplete but it is able to determine a reasonable estimate, it must record a provisional estimate to be included in the financial statements. If a company cannot determine a provisional estimate to be included in the financial 58 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) statements, it should continue to apply ASC 740 on the basis of the provisions of the tax laws that were in effect immediately before the enactment of the Tax Act. At December 31, 2017, we have not completed our accounting for the tax effects of enactment of the Tax Act; however, in certain cases, as described below, we have made a reasonable estimate of the effects on our existing deferred tax balances and the one-time transition tax. For the items for which we were able to determine a reasonable estimate, we recognized a net provisional amount of $4.2 million, which is included as a component of income tax expense. In all cases, we will continue to make and refine our calculations as additional analysis is completed. In addition, our estimates may also be affected as we gain a more thorough understanding of the tax law. Provisional amounts Deferred tax assets and liabilities: We remeasured certain deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the rates at which they are expected to reverse in the future, which is generally 21%. However, we are still analyzing certain aspects of the Act and refining our calculations, which could potentially affect the measurement of these balances or potentially give rise to new deferred tax amounts. The provisional amount recorded related to the remeasurement of our deferred tax balance was a tax benefit of $10.0 million. The one-time transition tax is based on our total post-1986 earnings and profits (E&P) that we previously deferred from US income taxes. We recorded a provisional amount for our one-time transition tax liability for each of our foreign subsidiaries, resulting in an increase in income tax expense of $14.2 million. We have not yet completed our calculation of the total post-1986 E&P for these foreign subsidiaries. Further, the transition tax is based in part on the amount of those earnings held in cash and other specified assets. This amount may change when we finalize the calculation of post-1986 foreign E&P previously deferred from US federal taxation and finalize the amounts held in cash or other specified assets. A reconciliation of income tax expense computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate to income before income taxes as recorded is as follows: Tax at U.S. statutory rate Effect of state income taxes, net Effect of foreign operations Valuation allowance Uncertain tax positions Non-deductible items Non-deductible compensation Manufacturer’s deduction Net impact of U.S. Tax Act Other, net Total Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 (In millions) 2015 $ $ 16.7 0.7 (5.2) 5.3 (2.0) 0.5 0.4 (0.8) 4.2 (1.6) $ 14.3 0.2 (2.1) 0.5 (4.0) 0.6 0.8 (0.5) — (1.0) $ 18.2 $ 8.8 $ 24.5 0.6 (1.6) (0.7) 0.1 0.5 1.2 (1.1) — (2.2) 21.3 59 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Significant components of the Company’s net deferred income tax assets and liabilities are as follows: Deferred income tax assets: Postretirement benefit obligation Inventory Net operating loss and credit carryforwards Warranty reserve Accrued litigation Compensation Other Total deferred income tax assets Deferred income tax liabilities: Depreciation and amortization Pension Intangible assets Other Total deferred income tax liabilities Net deferred income tax liabilities prior to valuation allowances Valuation allowances Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 (In millions) $ $ 2.0 9.9 16.1 0.4 0.1 4.2 4.8 37.5 9.7 16.3 16.6 2.8 45.4 (7.9) (11.6) Net deferred income tax liability $ (19.5) $ 3.6 13.7 10.8 2.1 2.8 4.1 10.0 47.1 14.9 22.1 23.3 5.2 65.5 (18.4) (5.3) (23.7) At December 31, 2017, the Company has U.S., state and foreign net operating loss carryforwards and U.S. foreign tax credit carryforwards for income tax purposes. The foreign net operating loss carryforward is $32.4 million, of which $7.9 million expires between 2018 and 2037 and the remainder has no expiration date. The Company has a tax benefit from a state net operating loss carryforward of $2.1 million that expires between 2018 and 2037. The Company also has a tax benefit from a non-consolidated U.S. net operating loss carryforward of $1.1 million that expires between 2035 and 2036. The foreign tax credit carryforward is $3.1 million and expires in 2027. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company was not in a cumulative three-year loss position and it was determined that it was more likely than not that its U.S. deferred tax assets will be realized. During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company recorded valuation allowances of $6.3 million and $4.5 million, respectively, against certain foreign net deferred tax assets and the U.S. foreign tax credits. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income (including reversals of deferred tax liabilities). The Company reviews all valuation allowances related to deferred tax assets and will reverse these valuation allowances, partially or totally, when appropriate under ASC 740. 60 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows: 2017 2016 (In millions) 2015 Unrecognized Tax Benefit — January 1, Gross Increases to Tax Positions Related to Current Year Gross Increases to Tax Positions Related to Prior Years Gross Decreases to Tax Positions Related to Prior Years Gross Decreases Related to Settlements with Taxing $ Authorities Expiration of Statute of Limitations Other $ 2.9 0.1 0.6 — (0.4) (1.9) (0.1) $ 6.3 — 0.3 — — (3.7) — Unrecognized Tax Benefit — December 31, $ 1.2 $ 2.9 $ 6.5 — 0.3 (0.1) — (0.4) — 6.3 The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate is $0.9 million at December 31, 2017 and $2.4 million at December 31, 2016. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. During the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company recognized approximately $(0.3) million and $(1.4) million, respectively, in net interest and penalties. The Company had approximately $0.2 million and $0.4 million for the payment of interest and penalties accrued at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. It is reasonably possible that within the next twelve months the amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits could be reduced by approximately $0.1 million as a result of the closure of tax statutes related to existing uncertain tax positions. The Company is subject to taxation in the U.S. and various state and foreign jurisdictions. The Company’s tax years for 2014 through 2017 remain open for examination by the Internal Revenue Service and 2013 through 2017 remain open for examination by various state and foreign taxing authorities. As a result of the Tax Act, the Company’s net unremitted foreign earnings of $136.0 million have been subject to U.S. taxation. We are currently analyzing our global working capital and cash requirements and the potential tax liabilities attributable to a repatriation, including calculating any excess of the amount for financial reporting over the tax basis in our foreign subsidiaries, but we have yet to determine whether we plan to change our prior assertion and repatriate earnings. Accordingly, we have not recorded any deferred taxes attributable to our investments in our foreign subsidiaries. We will record the tax effects of any change in our prior assertion in the period that we complete our analysis and are able to make a reasonable estimate, and disclose any unrecognized deferred tax liability for temporary differences related to our foreign investments, if practicable. 61 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) NOTE 8 — Share-Based Compensation A summary of stock option activity for 2017 is presented below: Outstanding — beginning of year Granted Exercised Canceled or expired Outstanding — end of year Options exercisable 2017 Weighted Average Exercise Price Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in millions) 19.30 — 19.30 — — — 0.0 0.0 $ $ — — Number of Shares (in whole shares) 38,000 — (38,000) — $ — $ — $ During the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, net cash proceeds from the exercise of stock options were $0.7 million, $0.5 million and $1.2 million, respectively. A summary of restricted share and performance share activity for the year ended December 31, 2017 is as follows: Time-Based Performance-Based 2017 Number of Shares (in whole shares) 216,916 105,670 (87,727) 110,000 (2,000) $ 342,859 $ Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value 36.94 38.48 44.78 34.78 37.87 34.71 Number of Shares (in whole shares) 165,000 165,000 (55,000) (110,000) — $ 165,000 $ Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value 34.78 38.10 34.78 34.78 — 38.10 Outstanding — beginning of year Granted (a) Vested Performance- to time-based (b) Canceled or expired Outstanding — end of year Included in the granted amount are 4,390 restricted share units. (a) (b) During the second quarter of 2017, 55,000 of the performance-based restricted shares granted in 2016 fully vested based on achievement of the performance criteria. In accordance with the grant agreements, the remaining 110,000 shares became time-based, vesting over the remaining two years of the requisite service period. The Company recognized compensation expense of $8.6 million, $10.6 million and $7.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively, relating to time-based shares and performance- based shares. 62 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) The total fair value of restricted shares and share units that vested during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 was $7.0 million, $5.1 million and $9.0 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2017, the Company had unrecognized compensation expense of $9.3 million related restricted shares. The unrecognized compensation expense is expected to be recognized over a total weighted average period of 1.7 years. The number of shares available for future grants for all plans at December 31, 2017 is 98,586. NOTE 9 — Commitments, Contingencies and Litigation Settlement The Company is subject to various pending and threatened legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Although the Company cannot precisely predict the amount of any liability that may ultimately arise with respect to any of these matters, the Company records provisions when it considers the liability probable and reasonably estimable. Our provisions are based on historical experience and legal advice, reviewed quarterly and adjusted according to developments. Estimating probable losses requires the analysis of multiple forecasted factors that often depend on judgments about potential actions by third parties, such as regulators, courts, and state and federal legislatures. Changes in the amounts of our loss provisions, which can be material, affect our financial condition. Due to the inherent uncertainties in the process undertaken to estimate potential losses, we are unable to estimate an additional range of loss in excess of our accruals. While it is reasonably possible that such excess liabilities, if they were to occur, could be material to operating results in any given quarter or year of their recognition, we do not believe that it is reasonably possible that such excess liabilities would have a material adverse effect on our long-term results of operations, liquidity or consolidated financial position. Our subsidiaries are involved in a number of contractual and warranty related disputes. At this time, we cannot reasonably determine the probability of a loss, and the timing and amount of loss, if any, cannot be reasonably estimated. We believe that appropriate liabilities for these contingencies have been recorded; however, actual results may differ materially from our estimates. IPSCO Tubulars Inc. d/b/a TMK IPSCO sued Ajax Tocco Magnethermic Corporation (“ATM”), a subsidiary of Park-Ohio Holdings Corporation, in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas claiming that equipment supplied by ATM for heat treating certain steel pipe at IPSCO’s Blytheville, Arkansas facility did not perform as required by the contract. The complaint alleged causes of action for breach of contract, gross negligence and constructive fraud. IPSCO sought approximately $10.0 million in damages plus an unspecified amount of punitive damages. In September 2013, the district court issued a judgment in favor of IPSCO in the amount of $5.2 million, which the Company recognized and accrued for at that time. In March 2016, the district court issued an order granting, in part, IPSCO’s motion for fees and costs and awarding $2.2 million to IPSCO, which the Company accrued for as of December 31, 2015. ATM filed a third appeal of that decision. On March 28, 2017, the Company and IPSCO agreed to a settlement and release of all claims for the payment by the Company of $4.0 million to IPSCO, which was made in March 2017. As of the settlement date, the Company had $7.3 million accrued for this matter. The Company reversed the excess liability and recognized $3.3 million in income in the first quarter of 2017. In August 2013, the Company received a subpoena from the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) in connection with the staff’s investigation of a third party. At that time, the Company also learned that the U.S. Department of Justice (“DOJ”) is conducting a criminal investigation of the third party. In connection with its initial response to the staff’s subpoena, the Company disclosed to the staff of the SEC that, in November 2007, the third party participated in a payment on behalf of the Company to a foreign tax official that 63 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) implicates the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. The Board of Directors of the Company formed a special committee to review the Company’s transactions with the third party and to make any recommendations to the Board of Directors with respect thereto. The Company intends to cooperate fully with the SEC and the DOJ in connection with their investigations of the third party and with the SEC in light of the Company’s disclosure. The Company is unable to predict the outcome or impact of the special committee’s investigation or the length, scope or results of the SEC’s review or the impact on its results of operations. NOTE 10 — Lease Arrangements Future minimum lease commitments during each of the five years following December 31, 2017 and thereafter are as follows: 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Thereafter Total minimum lease payments Amounts representing interest Present value of minimum lease payments Current maturities Long-term capital lease obligation (In millions) Capital Leases Operating leases 17.8 13.5 8.9 5.8 4.8 13.3 64.1 $ $ $ 9.4 5.9 4.3 1.3 0.1 — 21.0 $ (0.7) 20.3 (9.1) 11.2 Rental expense for 2017, 2016 and 2015 was $19.4 million, $18.5 million and $19.7 million, respectively. Certain of the Company’s leases are with related parties at an annual rental expense of approximately $2.2 million. Transactions with related parties are not material to the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Assets recorded under capital leases are included in property, plant and equipment and consist of the following: Machinery and equipment Less accumulated depreciation December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 $ $ (In millions) 24.1 (4.7) $ 19.4 $ 20.4 (2.3) 18.1 Amortization of machinery and equipment under capital leases is included in depreciation expense. 64 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) NOTE 11 — Pensions and Postretirement Benefits The Company and its subsidiaries have pension plans, principally noncontributory defined benefit or noncontributory defined contribution plans, covering substantially all employees. In addition, the Company has an unfunded postretirement benefit plan. One of its defined benefit plans, covering most U.S. employees not covered by collective bargaining agreements, utilizes a cash balance formula. Under a cash balance formula, a plan participant accumulates a retirement benefit consisting of pay credits that are based upon a percentage of current eligible earnings and current interest credits. For the remaining defined benefit plans, benefits are based on the employee’s years of service. For the defined contribution plans, the costs charged to operations and the amount funded are based upon a percentage of the covered employees’ compensation. The Company’s objective for the pension plan is to monitor the funded ratio; create general investment goals in regards to acceptable risk and liquidity needs ensuring the long-term interests of participants and beneficiaries are considered; and manage risk by minimizing the short-term and long-term risk of actual expenses and contribution requirements. The following tables set forth the changes in benefit obligation, plan assets, funded status and amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheet for the defined benefit pension and postretirement benefit plans as of December 31, 2017 and 2016: Change in benefit obligation Benefit obligation at beginning of year Service cost Interest cost Actuarial losses (gains) Benefits and expenses paid Benefit obligation at end of year Change in plan assets Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year Actual return on plan assets Company contributions Cash transfer to fund postretirement benefit payments Benefits and expenses paid Fair value of plan assets at end of year Funded (underfunded) status of the plans Pension Benefits Postretirement Benefits 2017 2016 2017 2016 (In millions) $ $ $ $ $ 58.5 2.4 1.8 2.4 (4.6) 60.5 120.2 20.2 — (1.0) (4.6) 134.8 74.3 $ $ $ $ $ 58.4 2.4 1.8 0.5 (4.6) 58.5 117.3 8.3 — (0.8) (4.6) 120.2 61.7 $ $ $ $ $ $ 10.0 — 0.3 0.5 (1.5) 9.3 $ — $ — 1.5 — (1.5) — $ 13.5 — 0.3 (2.6) (1.2) 10.0 — — 1.2 — (1.2) — (9.3) $ (10.0) 65 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets consist of: Pension assets Other current liabilities Other long-term liabilities Amounts recognized in Accumulated other comprehensive loss Net actuarial loss Net prior service cost (credit) Accumulated other comprehensive loss Pension Benefits Postretirement Benefits 2017 2016 2017 2016 $ $ $ $ 74.3 — — 74.3 16.5 0.3 16.8 $ $ $ $ $ (In millions) 61.7 — — 61.7 $ — $ 1.1 8.2 9.3 $ 25.8 0.3 26.1 $ $ 2.1 (0.1) 2.0 $ $ — 1.2 8.8 10.0 1.7 (0.2) 1.5 The pension plan weighted-average asset allocation at December 31, 2017 and 2016 and target allocation for 2018 are as follows: Asset Category Equity securities Debt securities Other Plan Assets Target 2018 2017 2016 45-75% 20-40% 0-20% 100% 65.0% 23.6% 11.4% 100% 61.9% 24.6% 13.5% 100% The following table sets forth, by level within the fair value hierarchy, the pension plans assets: Common stock Equity securities Foreign stock U.S. Government obligations Fixed income securities Corporate Bonds Cash and cash equivalents Total Investments measured at net asset value: Common collective trusts Hedge funds 2017 2016 Level 1 Total (at Fair Value) Level 1 Total (at Fair Value) $ 41.8 39.8 7.3 5.8 13.7 10.2 1.4 $ 120.0 (In millions) $ $ 40.0 29.0 5.4 8.1 14.1 6.3 3.3 $ 106.2 $ 41.8 39.8 7.3 5.8 13.7 10.2 1.4 0.7 14.1 40.0 29.0 5.4 8.1 14.1 6.3 3.3 1.1 12.9 Total assets at fair value $ 134.8 $ 120.2 66 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Valuation Methodologies: Following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for pension plan assets measured at fair value. There have been no changes in the methodologies used at December 31, 2017 and 2016. Common stock, equity securities and foreign stock — These securities consist of direct investments in the stock of publicly-traded companies. Such investments are valued based on the closing price reported in an active market on which the individual securities are traded. As such, the direct investments are classified as Level 1. U.S. Government obligations, fixed income securities and corporate bonds — Valued at the closing price of each security. Cash equivalents — Consists of primarily money market funds and certificates of deposit, for which book value equals fair value. Common collective trusts — Valued at the net unit value of units held by the trust at year end. The unit value is determined by the total value of fund assets divided by the total number of units of the fund owned. The equity investments in collective trusts are predominantly in index funds for which the underlying securities are actively traded in public markets based upon readily measurable prices. Common collective trusts are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share practical expedient have not been categorized in the fair value hierarchy and are being presented in the tables above to permit a reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the total plan assets. Hedge funds — Consists of direct investments in hedge funds through limited partnership interests. Net asset values are based on the estimated fair value of the ownership interest in the investment as determined by the General Partner. The majority of the holdings of the hedge funds are in equity securities traded on public exchanges. The investment terms of the hedge funds allow capital to be redeemed quarterly given prior notice with certain limitations. Hedge funds measured at fair value using the net asset value per share practical expedient have not been categorized in the fair value hierarchy and are being presented in the tables above to permit a reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the total plan assets. For additional information regarding fair value measurements, see Note 1. 67 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) The following tables summarize the assumptions used in the valuation of pension and postretirement benefit obligations at December 31 and the measurement of the net periodic benefit cost in the following year. The Company used a spot rate approach by applying the specific spot rates along the yield curve to the relevant projected cash flows in the estimation of the service and interest components of benefit cost. Assumptions used to determine benefit obligation at year-end Discount rate Rate of compensation increase Health care cost trend rate Ultimate health care cost trend rate Year of ultimate trend rate Assumptions used to determine expense Discount rate for benefit obligations Discount rate for service costs Discount rate for interest costs Expected return on plan assets Rate of compensation increase Medical health care benefits rate increase Medical drug benefits rate increase Ultimate health care cost trend rate Year of ultimate trend rate Weighted-Average assumptions as of December 31, Pension Benefits Postretirement Benefits 2017 2016 2015 2017 2016 2015 3.52% 3.91% 4.13% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 3.90% 4.13% 3.82% 3.98% 4.20% 3.82% 3.20% 3.27% 3.82% 8.25% 8.25% 8.25% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 3.32% N/A 6.50% 5.00% 2025 3.61% 4.24% 2.90% N/A N/A 6.50% 6.50% 5.00% 2025 3.63% N/A 6.50% 5.00% 2025 3.76% 4.44% 2.89% N/A N/A 6.50% 6.50% 5.00% 2025 3.80% N/A 6.75% 5.00% 2022 3.60% 3.60% 3.60% N/A N/A 6.75% 6.75% 5.00% 2022 68 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) In determining its expected return on plan assets assumption for the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company considered historical experience, its asset allocation, expected future long-term rates of return for each major asset class, and an assumed long-term inflation rate. This assumption was supported by the asset return generation model, which projected future asset returns using simulation and asset class correlation. Pension Benefits Postretirement Benefits 2017 2016 2015 2017 2016 2015 (In millions) Components of net periodic benefit cost Service costs Interest costs Expected return on plan assets Amortization of prior service cost (credit) Recognized net actuarial loss $ $ 2.4 1.8 (9.7) — 1.2 2.4 1.8 (9.4) — 1.1 $ $ 2.6 2.3 (10.2) — $ 0.3 — — $ 0.3 — — 0.3 (0.1) 0.1 (0.1) 0.1 Benefit (income) costs $ (4.3) $ (4.1) $ (5.0) $ 0.3 $ 0.3 $ — 0.6 — (0.1) 0.5 1.0 Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss AOCI at beginning of year Net (loss) gain arising during the year Recognition of prior service credit Recognition of actuarial loss Total recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss at end of year $ $ 26.1 (1.1) — (8.2) $ 25.5 1.7 — (1.1) $ 15.7 10.1 — (0.3) $ 1.5 0.5 0.1 (0.1) $ 4.1 (2.6) 0.1 (0.1) 7.2 (2.7) 0.1 (0.5) $ 16.8 $ 26.1 $ 25.5 $ 2.0 $ 1.5 $ 4.1 The estimated net loss, prior service cost and net transition obligation for the defined benefit pension plans that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income into net periodic benefit cost over the year ending December 31, 2018 is $0.3 million. The estimated net loss and prior service cost for the postretirement plans that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income into net periodic benefit cost over the year ending December 31, 2018 is less than $0.1 million. 69 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Below is a table summarizing the Company’s expected future benefit payments and the expected payments due to Medicare subsidy over the next ten years: 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 to 2027 Pension Benefits Gross Postretirement Benefits Expected Medicare Subsidy Net including Medicare Subsidy $ $ 5.1 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.4 22.8 $ (In millions) 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 3.6 $ 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 3.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 The Company expects to make no contributions to its defined benefit plans in 2018 and beyond, as pension benefits are expected to be paid out of plan assets and postretirement benefits are paid directly by the Company. Under the postretirement benefit plan, health care benefits are provided on both a contributory and noncontributory basis. The assumed health care cost trend rate has a significant effect on the amounts reported. A one-percentage-point change in the assumed health care cost trend rate would have the following effects: Effect on total of service and interest cost components in 2017 Effect on postretirement benefit obligation as of December 31, 2017 1-Percentage Point Increase 1-Percentage Point Decrease $ $ (In millions) — $ $ 0.6 — (0.6) In January 2008, a Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (“SERP”) for the Company’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) was approved by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company. The SERP provides an annual supplemental retirement benefit for up to $0.4 million upon the CEO’s termination of employment with the Company. The vested retirement benefit will be equal to a percentage of the SERP that is equal to the ratio of: (1) his credited service with the Company prior to January 1, 2008 (up to a maximum of thirteen years), plus his credited service after January 1, 2008 (up to a maximum of seven years); to (2) twenty years of credited service. In the event of a change in control before the CEO’s termination of employment, he will receive 100% of the SERP. The Company recorded income of $0.2 million in 2017 and 2016 and expense of $0.6 million in 2015 related to the SERP. 70 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) NOTE 12 — Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) The components of and changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 were as follows: Cumulative Translation Adjustment Pension and Postretirement Benefits (In millions) Total Balance at January 1, 2015 $ Foreign currency translation adjustments (a) Pension and OPEB activity, net of tax adjustments (b) Balance at December 31, 2015 Foreign currency translation adjustments (a) Pension and OPEB activity, net of tax adjustments (b) Balance at December 31, 2016 Foreign currency translation adjustments (a) Pension and OPEB activity, net of tax adjustments (b) $ (5.1) (11.8) — (16.9) (13.9) — (30.8) 19.2 — $ (8.9) — (4.2) (13.1) — 1.2 (11.9) — 5.6 Balance at December 31, 2017 $ (11.6) $ (6.3) $ (14.0) (11.8) (4.2) (30.0) (13.9) 1.2 (42.7) 19.2 5.6 (17.9) (a) No income taxes are provided on foreign currency translation adjustments as foreign earnings are considered permanently invested. (b) The tax adjustments are reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income and included in income tax expense. NOTE 13 — Subsequent Events On January 31, 2018, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.125 per common share. The dividend was paid on March 1, 2018, to shareholders of record as of the close of business on February 15, 2018 and resulted in a cash outlay of approximately $1.6 million. On February 1, 2018, the Company completed the acquisition of Canton Drop Forge, Inc. (“CDF”). CDF is headquartered in Canton, Ohio and will be part of our Forged and Machined Products group within the Engineered Products segment. CDF manufactures forgings for high-performance applications in the international aerospace and other markets. 71 PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) NOTE 14 — Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited) 2017 Net sales Gross profit Net income Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest Net income attributable to ParkOhio common shareholders Earnings per common share attributable to ParkOhio common shareholders: Basic Diluted Cash dividends per common share 2016 Net sales Gross profit Net income Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest Net income attributable to ParkOhio common shareholders Earnings per common share attributable to ParkOhio common shareholders: Basic Diluted Cash dividends per common share Quarter Ended Mar. 31 Jun. 30 Sept. 30 Dec. 31 (Dollars in millions, except per share data) $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 343.8 55.5 10.1 (0.3) 9.8 0.80 0.79 0.125 328.0 47.8 2.7 — 2.7 0.22 0.22 0.125 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 350.9 60.3 3.2 (0.2) 3.0 0.25 0.24 0.125 329.4 54.3 9.0 — 9.0 0.74 0.73 0.125 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 352.2 57.2 10.2 (0.2) 10.0 0.82 0.80 0.125 312.7 54.3 13.8 (0.3) 13.5 1.12 1.10 0.125 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 366.0 61.6 6.0 (0.2) 5.8 0.48 0.46 0.125 306.8 46.6 6.7 (0.2) 6.5 0.53 0.53 0.125 Income of $3.3 million from the reversal of a litigation reserve was recorded in the first quarter of 2017 in conjunction with the settlement of the IPSCO legal matter. A loss on extinguishment of debt of $11.0 million was recorded in the second quarter of 2017 in connection with the April 2017 repurchase of Senior Notes due 2021 and amendment of our credit agreement. Income tax expense of $4.2 million was recorded in the fourth quarter of 2017 from the net impact of the U.S. Tax Act. An asset impairment charge of $4.0 million was recorded in the first quarter of 2016 due to the accelerated end of production in certain programs with an automotive customer. 72 Supplementary Financial Data Schedule II PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. SCHEDULE II — VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS AND RESERVES Description Year Ended December 31, 2017: Allowances deducted from assets: Trade receivable allowances Inventory reserves Tax valuation allowances Year Ended December 31, 2016: Allowances deducted from assets: Trade receivable allowances Inventory reserves Tax valuation allowances Year Ended December 31, 2015: Allowances deducted from assets: Trade receivable allowances Inventory reserves Tax valuation allowances Balance at Beginning of Period Charged to Costs and Expenses Deductions and Other Balance at End of Period (In millions) $ $ $ 4.0 30.2 5.3 3.3 29.0 4.8 4.1 29.9 7.1 $ $ 1.5 5.6 5.6 1.5 6.0 0.5 0.4 4.2 (0.7) $ $ $ $ $ (1.0) (A) (6.0) (B) 0.7 (C) (0.8) (A) (4.8) (B) — (C) (1.2) (A) (5.1) (B) (1.6) (C) 4.5 29.8 11.6 4.0 30.2 5.3 3.3 29.0 4.8 Note (A)- Uncollectable accounts written off, net of recoveries. Note (B)- Amounts written off. Note (C)- Amounts accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting. 73 Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure None. Item 9A. Controls and Procedures Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures As of the end of the period covered by this report, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and our Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”). Based upon this evaluation, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and Vice President and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective. Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act. As required by Rule 13a-15(c) under the Exchange Act, management carried out an evaluation, with participation of our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017. The framework on which such evaluation was based is contained in the report entitled “Internal Control — Integrated Framework” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 Framework) (the “COSO Report”). Management’s assessment and conclusion on the effectiveness of internal controls over financial reporting did not include the internal controls of AMC, HAT and the acquired injection molding business, which constituted approximately five percent of the Company’s total assets as of December 31, 2017 and approximately 1% of the Company’s total revenues, for the year then ended. Based upon the evaluation described above under the framework contained in the COSO Report, our management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2017. Ernst & Young LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, who audited the consolidated financial statements of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2017, also audited the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting, excluding AMC, HAT and the acquired injection molding business. Their report is set forth on pages 37 - 38 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and is incorporated by reference into this Item 9A. Changes in internal control over financial reporting There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the fourth quarter of 2017 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Item 9B. Other Information None. 74 Part III Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance The information concerning directors, the identification of the audit committee and the audit committee financial expert and our code of ethics required under this item is incorporated herein by reference from the material contained under the captions “Election of Directors” and “Corporate Governance,” as applicable, in our definitive proxy statement for the 2018 annual meeting of shareholders to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A not later than 120 days after the close of the fiscal year (the “Proxy Statement”). The information concerning Section 16(a) beneficial ownership reporting compliance is incorporated herein by reference from the material contained under the caption “Principal Shareholders — Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” in the Proxy Statement. Information relating to executive officers is contained in Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Item 11. Executive Compensation The information relating to executive officer and director compensation and the compensation committee report contained under the heading “Executive Compensation” in the Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference. The information relating to compensation committee interlocks contained under the heading “Corporate Governance — Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation” in the Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference. Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters The information required under this item is incorporated herein by reference from the material contained under the caption “Principal Shareholders” in the Proxy Statement, except that information required by Item 201(d) of Regulation S-K can be found below. Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence The information required under this item is incorporated herein by reference to the material contained under the captions “Corporate Governance Director Independence” and “Transactions With Related Persons” in the Proxy Statement. Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services The information required under this item is incorporated herein by reference to the material contained under the caption “Audit Committee — Independent Auditor Fee Information” in the Proxy Statement. 75 Part IV Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules (a)(1) The following financial statements are included in Part II, Item 8 of this annual report on Form 10-K: Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consolidated Balance Sheets — December 31, 2017 and 2016 Consolidated Statements of Income — Years Ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income — Years Ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity — Years Ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows — Years Ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited) — Years Ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 (2) Financial Statement Schedules The following consolidated financial statement schedule of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. is included in Item 8: Schedule II — Valuation and Qualifying accounts Page 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 72 73 All other schedules for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulations of the SEC are not required under the related instructions or are not applicable and, therefore, have been omitted. (3) Exhibits: Exhibit 3.1 3.2 4.1 4.2 Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Form 10-K of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. for the year ended December 31, 1998, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated by reference and made a part hereof) Code of Regulations of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. (filed as Exhibit 3.2 to the Form 10-K of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. for the year ended December 31, 1998, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated by reference and made a part hereof) Indenture, dated April 17, 2017, among Park-Ohio Industries, Inc., the Guarantors (as defined therein) and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee (including Form of Note) (filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Form 8-K of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. filed on April 17, 2017, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated herein by reference and made a part hereof). Seventh Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated April 17, 2017, among Park-Ohio Industries, Inc., RB&W Corporation of Canada, the European Borrowers (as defined therein) party thereto, the other Loan Parties (as defined therein), the Lenders (as defined therein), JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Toronto Branch, as Canadian agent, J.P. Morgan Europe Limited, as European agent and J.P. Morgan Securities Inc., as sole lead arranger and bookrunning manager (filed as Exhibit 4.3 to the Form 8-K of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. filed on April 17, 2017, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated herein by reference and made a part hereof). 76 Exhibit 10.1 10.2* 10.3* 10.4* 10.5* 10.6* 10.7* 10.8* 10.9* 10.10* 10.11* 10.12* 10.13 Form of Indemnification Agreement entered into between Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and each of its directors and certain officers (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 10-K of Park- Ohio Holdings Corp. for the year ended December 31, 1998, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated by reference and made a part hereof) Amended and Restated 1998 Long-Term Incentive Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp., filed on May 30, 2012, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated by reference and made a part hereof) 2015 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan (filed as Exhibit 4.4 to Form S-8 of Park- Ohio Holdings Corp., filed on June 4, 2015, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated by reference and made a part hereof) Form of Restricted Share Agreement between the Company and each non-employee director (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp., filed on January 25, 2005, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated herein by reference and made a part hereof) Form of Restricted Share Agreement for Employees (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 10-Q for Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. for the quarter ended September 30, 2006, SEC File No. 000- 03134 and incorporated herein by reference and made a part hereof) Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement (filed as Exhibit 10.5 to Form 10-K of Park- Ohio Holdings Corp. for the year ended December 31, 2004, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated by reference and made a part hereof) Form of Non-Statutory Stock Option Agreement (filed as Exhibit 10.6 to Form 10-K of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. for the year ended December 31, 2004, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated herein by reference and made a part hereof) Park-Ohio Industries, Inc. Annual Cash Bonus Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Form 10-Q for Park-Ohio Holdings Corp, filed August 10, 2015, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated by reference and made a part hereof) Form of Performance Based Restricted Share Agreement (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 10-Q of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. filed August 10, 2015, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated by reference and made a part hereof) Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan for Edward F. Crawford, effective as of March 10, 2008 (filed as Exhibit 10.9 to Form 10-K of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. for the year ended December 31, 2007, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated by reference and made a part hereof) Non-qualified Defined Contribution Retirement Benefit Letter Agreement for Edward F. Crawford, dated March 10, 2008 (filed as Exhibit 10.10 to Form 10-K of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. for the year ended December 31, 2007, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated by reference and made a part hereof) 2009 Director Supplemental Defined Contribution Plan of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. (Filed as Exhibit 10 to Form 10-Q of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. filed May 10, 2011, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated by reference and made a part hereof) Registration Rights Agreement, dated April 17, 2017, among Park-Ohio Industries, Inc., the Guarantors (as defined therein) and the initial purchasers that are party thereto (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. filed on April 17, 2017, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated herein by reference and made a part hereof). 77 Exhibit 21.1 23.1 24.1 31.1 31.2 32.1 101.INS 101.SCH 101.CAL 101.DEF 101.LAB 101.PRE List of Subsidiaries of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Power of Attorney Principal Executive Officer’s Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Principal Financial Officer’s Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Certification requirement under Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 XBRL Instance Document XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document * Reflects management contract or other compensatory arrangement required to be filed as an exhibit pursuant to Item 15(c) of this Report. Item 16. Form 10-K Summary None. 78 Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized. SIGNATURES PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. (Registrant) /s/ Patrick W. Fogarty By: Name: Patrick W. Fogarty Title: Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) Date: March 8, 2018 Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated. * Edward F. Crawford * Patrick W. Fogarty * Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) Matthew V. Crawford President, Chief Operating Officer and Director * Patrick V. Auletta Director * John D. Grampa Director * Dan T. Moore, III Director * Ronna Romney * Director Steven H. Rosen Director * James W. Wert Director March 8, 2018 * The undersigned, pursuant to a Power of Attorney executed by each of the directors and officers identified above and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, by signing his name hereto, does hereby sign and execute this report on behalf of each of the persons noted above, in the capacities indicated. March 8, 2018 By: /s/ ROBERT D. VILSACK Robert D. Vilsack, Attorney-in-Fact 79 [THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK] PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER’S CERTIFICATIONS PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 Exhibit 31.1 I, Edward F. Crawford, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp.; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. By: /s/ Edward F. Crawford Name: Edward F. Crawford Title: Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Dated: March 8, 2018 PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER’S CERTIFICATIONS PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 Exhibit 31.2 I, Patrick W. Fogarty, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp.; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. By: /s/ Patrick W. Fogarty Name: Patrick W. Fogarty Title: Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Dated: March 8, 2018 CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 Exhibit 32.1 In connection with the Annual Report of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2017, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), each of the undersigned officers of the Company certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to such officer’s knowledge: (1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and (2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company as of the dates and for the periods expressed in the Report. By: /s/ Edward F. Crawford Name: Edward F. Crawford Title: Chairman and Chief Executive Officer By: /s/ Patrick W. Fogarty Name: Patrick W. Fogarty Title: Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Dated: March 8, 2018 The foregoing certification is being furnished solely pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350 and is not being filed as part of the Report or as a separate disclosure document. THIS PAGE IS NOT PART OF PARKOHIO’S FORM 10-K FILING ParkOhio Performance Graph The following graph compares the cumulative total return of ParkOhio’s common stock for the five-year period ending December 31, 2017, against the cumulative total return of the S&P 500 SmallCap 600 Index (broad market comparison) and the NASDAQ Stock Market (US Companies) (line of business comparison). The graph and table assume $100 was invested on December 31, 2012 and that all dividends were reinvested. Produced on 2/8/2018 including data to 12/31/2017 Comparison of Five Year Cumulative Total Return 350.00 300.00 250.00 200.00 150.00 100.00 50.00 0.00 12/31/2012 12/31/2013 12/31/2014 12/31/2015 12/31/2016 12/31/2017 Legend Symbol Total Return Index For: 12/2012 12/2013 12/2014 12/2015 12/2016 12/2017 Park-Ohio Holdings Corp S&P Smallcap 600 Index NASDAQ Stock Market (US Companies) 100.00 100.00 100.00 245.89 141.31 139.38 297.86 149.45 160.72 175.87 146.50 173.11 207.36 185.40 190.07 226.60 209.94 203.16 / • (cid:2) Notes: A. B. C. D. The lines represent monthly index levels derived from compounded daily returns that include all dividends. The indexes are reweighted daily, using the market capitalization on the previous trading day. If the monthly interval, based on the fiscal year-end, is not a trading day, the preceding trading day is used. The index level for all series was set to $100.00 on 12/31/2012. NOTE: Prepared by Zacks Investment Research, Inc. Used with permission. All rights reserved. Copyright 1980-2018. NOTE: Index Data: Copyright Standard and Poor’s, Inc. Used with permission. All rights reserved. NOTE: Index Data: Calculated (or Derived) based from CRSP NASDAQ Stock Market (US Companies), Center for Research in Security Prices (CRSP®), Graduate School of Business, The University of Chicago. Copyright 2018. Used with permission. All rights reserved. Board of Directors Edward F. Crawford (a)(d) Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Matthew V. Crawford (a)(d) President and Chief Operating Officer Patrick V. Auletta (a) President Emeritus KeyBank National Association John D. Grampa (b) Retired Chief Financial Officer Materion Corporation Dan T. Moore III (d)(e) Chief Executive Officer Dan T. Moore Co. Officers Ronna Romney (c)(e) Director Molina Healthcare, Inc. Steven H. Rosen (b)(c) Co-Chief Executive Officer Resilience Capital Partners James W. Wert (b)(e) Chief Executive Officer and President CM Wealth Advisors, Inc. (a) Executive Committee (b) Audit Committee (c) Compensation Committee (d) Long-Range Planning Committee (e) Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee Edward F. Crawford Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Patrick W. Fogarty Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Matthew V. Crawford President and Chief Operating Officer Robert D. Vilsack Secretary and Chief Legal Officer Shareholder Information and Press Releases ParkOhio files Forms 10-K and 10-Q with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Shareholders may obtain copies of these reports, including ParkOhio’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2017, and copies of ParkOhio’s Annual Report to Shareholders, without charge, by accessing the Company’s website at www.pkoh.com or by writing or calling: Corporate Secretary Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. 6065 Parkland Boulevard Cleveland, Ohio 44124 (440) 947-2000 www.pkoh.com ParkOhio’s recent news releases may also be accessed through its website. ParkOhio World Headquarters Please send your suggestions or recommendations to investor@pkoh.com or mail them to our headquarters. Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. ~ 6065 Parkland Boulevard ~ Cleveland, OH 44124 ~ 440-947-2000 ~ www.pkoh.com