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Premier African Minerals Limited

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FY2022 Annual Report · Premier African Minerals Limited
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PREMIER AFRICAN MINERALS LIMITED 

ANNUAL REPORT 

31 DECEMBER 2022 

WWW.PREMIERAFRICANMINERALS .COM 

(AIM:PREM) 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONTENTS 

CEO statement 

Strategic report 

Management Team 

Directors 

Directors Report 

Corporate governance statement 

Independent auditor’s report 

Consolidated statement of financial position 

Consolidated statement of profit or loss and other  
comprehensive income 

Consolidated statement of changes in equity 

Consolidated statement of cash flows 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements  

01 

03 

10 

11 

12 

14 

23 

29 

30 

32 

33 

34 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CEO STATEMENT -Mr George Roach 

2022  was  every  much  as  transformational  as  expected.  Premier  African  Minerals 
Limited 
(“Premier”  or  “Company”)  took  the  giant  step  of  commencing 
implementation of the Zulu Lithium and Tantalum Project (“Zulu”) build and thanks 
to almost unimaginable commitment and determination from our staff and our contractors, and in the face of 
one of the wettest seasons ever in Zimbabwe, we  had looked forward to mine build completion and start of 
production  in  Q1  2023.  This  was  underpinned  by  continuing  worldwide  short  supply  of  spodumene  and  the 
inordinately high prices being reported. All this was enabled by the commitment from Canmax Technologies Co 
Ltd. to purchase our spodumene and to pay for the product in advance. 

Thanks to this, Premier was  placed in the enviable situation of being able to proceed  to mine build  without 
completion of the Definitive Feasibilty Study (“DFS”), and in effect to use the “pilot” plant as the proving ground 
for a much larger and expanded mining operation at Zulu in years to come. As subsequently reported, however, 
the plant optimisation process and requirement for plant modifications has resulted in significant delays.  

In brief, the RHA Tungsten Mine (“RHA”) has still not progressed, and the ongoing impasse pertaining to future 
development and funding remains. In effect, the plant at RHA is the property of Premier but the claims that are 
held  in  a  Zimbabwean  registered  company  are  effectively  owned  51%  by  an  agency  of  the  Zimbabwe 
Government. Premier’s historic spend is a matter of record and the potential to bring RHA back into production 
remains good. Premier remains committed to a return to production but on the basis of equitable contribution 
to the projected costs or an equitable dilution. I have no doubt that Premier will be able to deploy parts if not 
all of the plant to other Zimbabwe based projects within the next 12 months if there is no resolution to this 
impasse. 

Important to note is the progress at our claims located in the Mutare  Greenstone Belt in regard to which Li3 
Resources Inc has completed an earn-in to hold 50% of the ownership of the claims. Exploration activities are 
underway and early results are most encouraging. It is too early to predict an outcome to these activities, but 
certain of the claims straddle pegmatites that follow from neighbouring claims with a mine under development. 
I would not be surprised to see another pilot plant construction like Zulu under serious consideration at this site 
before we next report annual financials.  

Premier continues to hold minority positions in MN Holdings Limited, the operator of the Otjozondu Manganese 
Mining  Project  in  Namibia  and  Vortex  Limited  (“Vortex”),  who  hold  36.7%  of  Circum  Minerals  Limited,  the 
owners of the Danakil Potash Project in Ethiopia. 

With our focus on Zulu, little has been achieved in regard to Premier other projects. Once matters have been 
addressed at Zulu, I expect that Premier other projects will start see receiving serious attention in the coming 
year with  a  view to realising  a  return that is closer to our original investments than the value we now have 
elected to include these in our accounts. 

_____________________ 

George Roach 

Acting Chairman and Chief Executive Officer  

30 June 2023 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
STRATEGIC REPORT 

The strategic report provides a detailed assessment of the activities of the Company during the period under 
review. It also details the main objectives of the Company related to our portfolio of assets. The principal risks 
and uncertainties associated with our activities are outlined in a specific principal risks and uncertainties section.  

RHA  

49% Interest owned by Premier  

51% Locally indigenized owned by National Indigenisation and Economic Empowerment Fund (“NIEEF”) NIEEF 
is controlled by Ministry of Mines and Mining Development 

Despite indications to the contrary, nothing has changed. The price of wolframite continues to suggest that RHA 
should be back into production but with my reticence to commit more funds into RHA under the present share 
ownership structure, I am unable to predict when and if there will be a return to production. What is certain is 
that with advances in other exploration in Zimbabwe and with a need for additional comminution capacity at 
Zulu, most of the plant at RHA will be relocated during the latter part of 2023 if we are unable to resolve the 
present ownership status. 

Recoverability of RHA Assets 

The RHA assets remain fully impaired at this time and are likely to so remain until we are able to conclude the 
discussions underway at present.  

Zulu 

In September 2022 we broke ground. In February 2023 we ran elements of the plant. In late March/early April 
2023 we saw first concentrates produced. Perhaps this was all just too good to be without some setbacks. And 
there are and they are discussed below. During the course of 2022, Premier secured the finance to construct 
Zulu, continued with an exploration programme that generated sufficient quality data as to give confidence to 
the secure funding, and to commit to a novel approach to producing spodumene concentrate using two different 
ore sorting techniques. And so we come to the recent past and developments during this first six months of 
2023. 

Much has been covered in various notifications and I will dwell primarily on the issues faced since we first started 
the plant, what is being done and what we should expect in the coming months. It is important to note that the 
equipment manufacturers and suppliers have an acknowledged responsibility to meet certain deliverables that 
include correctly sized milled ore to the floatation section. Equally important is the fact that the overall operation 
of  the  plant  remains  under  the  day-to-day  operational  control  of  the  team  at  Stark  Resources  and  this  will 
continue until the plant is fully optimised and signed over to Premier. 

In summary, the plant required feed to the floatation section that was correctly sized. Less than 20% of this 
requirement was met and the result was that target production of concentrate could not be achieved. It has also 
become clear that efficient running of the overall plant is impossible at this reduced throughput. The required 
fixes are now clear. The inability of the screening systems to manage the required tonnage and the inability of 
the milling system to deliver correctly sized tonnage at the required rate will be addressed in two stages. This 
responsibility sits squarely with the plant suppliers who intend to proceed firstly, with the installation of a hydro 
sizing system. This equipment is intended to deal with the quantity of material that the screens could not and is 
expected to increase delivery of material correctly sized to the float plant to about 50% of design throughput.  

Secondly, an additional conventional mill will be added to the circuit and this will allow the plant to reach, or 
possibly exceed the design throughput. Interestingly, it is  possible that the mill Premier already owns that is 
situated at RHA may fill this role. At the same time that step one is in process, Stark Resources will install the 
secondary UV based ore sorters that are expected to increase the grade of ore delivered to the milling section, 
which according to Stark Resources, should result in substantial improvements in ore grade and both quality and 
quantity of concentrate. With immediate availability of the sizer and the simultaneous delivery of the UV sorters, 

3 

 
 
the  decision  has  been  taken  to  substantially  reduce  production  and  proceed  with  the  installation  of  these 
components immediately.  

Whilst  this  will  delay  first  shipment  of  concentrates,  it  is  expected  to  rapidly  increase  production  after 
commissioning  of  these  components.  Anticipated  commissioning  for  first  stage  is  in  early  Q3  2023,  and  the 
second stage with the inclusion of an additional mill is likely to complete Q4 2023. Production of concentrate is 
expected to meet the original target of 4,000 ton per month during Q4 2023. Following the failure of the plant 
supplier  to  adequately  and  timeously  communicate  the  issues  set  out  herein,  Premier  has  revised  internal 
monitoring and oversight of procedures. And as reported on 26 June 2023, and for reasons set out more fully in 
the Force Majeure notice that Premier served on 25 June 2023 under its agreement with Canmax dated 28 July 
2022, a formal state of Force Majeure is now in effect. 

Extended Lithium Portfolio 

In my summary a year ago, I referred to this as potentially, a hidden gem considered of little value when Premier 
acquired a gold prospect in Mozambique and this portfolio of hard-rock lithium assets located in Zimbabwe from 
Lithium Consolidated Ltd ("Li3") on the 28 July 2020. And how that has changed. With so much focus on Zulu, 
the decision to conclude a 50/50 JV with Li3 Resources Inc was easy and I am pleased to say that since Li3 has 
taken on management of the project, there has been expansion of exploration activity with surface trenching 
and commencement of drilling.  

Early indications support the expectation that these claims may well support another concentrate plant. With 
Zulu able to provide substantial support in the evaluation of the resource and accelerated studies, I expect to 
see rapid progress.  

Turwi Gold Project 

Premier acquired through an earn-in of $250,000 operational control and 50% of this gold exploration project 
in Southeast Zimbabwe. Early drilling intersected targets previously identified and samples have been submitted 
for assay. Whilst it is early, that target zones were intercepted as predicted from primary target generation work 
is most encouraging. Details will be provided together with first assay results as they become available.  

MN Holdings Limited (“MNH”) 

This investment occurred at a time when Premier’s very existence was under threat and was seen as a low-cost 
entry point  to potential early revenue. Despite our best efforts, this has not  developed and continuing poor 
financial statements and reported losses, have demonstrated that without direct operational involvement by 
Premier, something not possible with our minority interest, little is likely to change. Accordingly, we have now 
decided that this investment should be written down and we will now actively seek to exit. Under consideration 
is the potential sale of MNH to an existing listed entity with the intention being that payment is in listed securities 
that might be distributed to Premier shareholders, should this materialise. 

In  the  unaudited  management  accounts  for  year  ended  30  June  2022,  MNH’s  wholly-owned  operating 
subsidiary,  Otjozondu  reported  revenue  of  approximately  N$49  million  (equivalent  to $2.8 million)  and  an 
operating  loss  before  tax  (and  interest  charges  to  group  companies)  of  approximately  N$106.9  million 
(equivalent  to $5.9  million).  Total  assets  as  at  the  same  date  amounted  to  approximately  N$126  million 
(equivalent to $7.2 million). 

Vortex Limited (formerly Circum Minerals Limited “Circum”) 

Although  the  status  in  Ethiopia  has  improved,  little  has  been  achieved.  Frustrations  related  to  cooperative 
agreements  and  differing  opinions  on  development  of  this  outstanding  worldclass  deposit,  allied  to  the 
Ethiopian status continue to frustrate the realisation of this investment. Accordingly, Premier has now in these 
accounts  reduced  the  carrying  value  of  this  asset  in  our  books.  On  the  bright  side  of  this,  the  cooperative 
agreement that restricted Vortex from seeking a separate and independent way ahead ended on 30 May 2023 

4 

 
 
 
and together with our partners in Vortex, we will actively pursue a development course and independently of 
other shareholders if necessary. 

Funding  

During the reporting period we raised net proceeds of $14.838 million (2020: of $3.609 million).  

Principal activities and strategic review of the business 

The principal activity of Premier and its subsidiary companies (the Group) during the year under review is the 
mining,  exploration,  evaluation  development  and  investment  in  natural  resource  properties  on  the  African 
continent. 

Premier was incorporated on 21 August 2007 in the British Virgin Islands (BVI) as a BVI business company with 
number 1426861. The registered office is Craigmuir Chambers, PO Box 71, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin 
Islands. The Company was admitted to trading on the London Stock Exchange’s AIM Market on 10 December 
2012. 

Objectives 

During the current year, the primary focus will be: 

•  Optimise and stabilise profitable operations at Zulu 
• 

Progress resource development within the Zulu EPO and secure a Mining lease over prospective areas 
therein. 
Expand production at Zulu 
Seek to resolve the status of RHA, MNH and Vortex 
Identify and secure high value exploration targets in other jurisdictions. 

• 
• 
• 

Principal risks and uncertainties 

The Group is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties which could have a material effect on its business, 
operations, or future performance, including but not limited to: 

Credit Risk  

Credit risk is the risk of potential loss to the Company if counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its 
contractual obligations. The Company’s credit risk is primarily attributable to its liquid financial assets, including 
cash, receivables, and balances receivable from the government. The Company limits the exposure to credit risk 
in  its  cash  by  only  investing  its  cash  with  high-credit  quality  financial  institutions  in  business  and  savings 
accounts, guaranteed investment certificates and in government treasury bills which are available on demand 
by the Company for its programs. The Company does not invest in money market funds. The Company has no 
risk exposure to asset backed commercial paper or auction rate securities. 

Refer to note 30 for the company’s exposure to credit risk. 

Liquidity Risk  

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will not have the resources to meet its obligations as they fall due. The 
Company manages this risk by closely monitoring cash forecasts and managing resources to ensure that it will 
have sufficient liquidity to meet its obligations. Also refer to the going concern section below. 

Refer to note 30 for the company’s exposure to liquidity risk. 

Operating Risks 

The  activities  of  the  Group  are  subject  to  all  of  the  hazards  and  risks  normally  incidental  to  exploring  and 
developing natural resource projects. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to environmental 
hazards,  machinery  and  plant  breakdowns, 
labour  disputes,  geo-political  risks, 

industrial  accidents, 

5 

 
 
 
encountering unusual or unexpected geologic formations or other geological or grade problems, unanticipated 
changes in rock formation characteristics and mineral recovery, encountering unanticipated ground or water 
conditions, land slips, flooding, periodic interruptions due to inclement or hazardous weather conditions and 
other acts of God or un-favourable operating conditions and losses. 

Should any of these risks and hazards affect the Group’s exploration, development or mining activities, it may 
cause the cost of production to increase to a point where it would no longer be economic to extract minerals 
from the Group’s properties, require the Group to write-down the carrying value of one or more of its assets, 
cause delays or a stoppage of mining and processing, result in the destruction of mineral properties or processing 
facilities, cause death or personal injury and related legal liability, any and all of which  may have a  material 
adverse effect on the Group. 

Early-stage Business Risk 

The Group’s success will depend on its ability to raise capital and generate cash flows from production in the 
future  at  Zulu.  The  board  of  directors  manages  this  risk  by  monitoring  cash  levels  and  reviewing  cash  flow 
forecasts on a regular basis.  In particular, the Group’s success will depend on the successful commissioning, 
modification and optimisation of the processing plant at Zulu and there is no certainty that there may not be 
further unforeseen delays, plant modifications or unanticipated costs. 

Market Risk (exchange rates, commodity, and equity)  

Market  risk  is  the  risk  of  loss  that  may  arise  from  changes  in  market  factors  such  as  interest  rates,  foreign 
exchange rates, and commodity and equity prices. These fluctuations may be significant. 

Interest Rate Risk: The Company is exposed to interest rate risk to the extent that its cash balances bear variable 
rates of interest. The interest rate risks on cash and short-term investments and on the Company’s, obligations 
are not considered significant. 

Foreign Currency Risk: The Company is exposed to the financial risk related to the fluctuation of foreign exchange 
rates  against  the  Company’s  functional  currency,  which  is  the  United  States  dollar  (“USD”).    The  Company 
expects to continue to raise funds in the United Kingdom. The Company conducts its business in Zimbabwe with 
a  significant  portion  of  expenditures  in  that  country  historically  denominated  in  USD  and  now  also  in  RTGS 
Dollars (“RTGS$”). The introduction of the RTGS$ during the 2019 financial year has resulted in the devaluation 
of the RTGS$ against the US Dollar. This devaluation has also resulted in the Zimbabwean economy going into 
hyperinflationary status. The RTGS$ denominated assets and liabilities are inflation adjusted at each reporting 
period yielding foreign exchange gains or losses on conversion to USD. Additionally, a portion of the Company’s 
business is conducted in South African Rands (“ZAR”).  As such, it is subject to risk due to fluctuations in the 
exchange rates between the USD and each of the RTGS$, ZAR and GBP. A significant change in the currency 
exchange rates between the USD relative to foreign currencies could have an effect on the Company’s results of 
operations, financial position, or cash flows.  The Company has not hedged its exposure to currency fluctuations. 

Commodity Price Risk – Zulu value is largely related to the price of lithium and the outlook on this mineral. Zulu 
has agreed a minimum offtake price of US$2000 per ton until the 31 December 2022 with CanMax to mitigate 
commodity-based risks to the ongoing operations.  

The Company minority interest in MNH results in limited control of how MNH mitigate the risk associated with 
Manganese price fluctuations. 

Refer to note 30 for the company’s exposure to market risk. 

Early-stage Project Risk 

Zulu moved into early-stage production through the development of a pilot plant without a DFS. In advancing 
Zulu to the stage where it may be cash generative, many risks are faced including without limitation, the inherent 
uncertainty of mining and continuity of the mineral resource without a DFS support by a measured category 
resource statement, the capital costs of exploration and production, commodity pricing, operating in remote 
and often politically unstable environment.  

6 

 
 
 
 
Environmental Risks and Hazards 

All phases of the Group’s operations are subject to environmental regulation in the areas in which it operates. 
Environmental  legislation  is  evolving  in  a  manner  that  may  require  stricter  standards  and  enforcement, 
increased  fines  and  penalties  for  non-compliance,  more  stringent  environmental  assessments  of  proposed 
projects and a heightened degree of responsibility for companies and their officers, directors, and employees. 
There is no assurance that existing or future environmental regulation will not materially adversely affect the 
Group’s  business,  financial  condition,  and  results  of  operations.  Environmental  hazards  may  exist  on  the 
properties on which the Group holds interests that are unknown to the Group at present. The Board manages 
this  risk  by  working  with  environmental  consultants  and  by  engaging  with  the  relevant  governmental 
departments and other concerned stakeholders. 

Licencing Risk 

The Company’s exploration and development activities are dependent upon the grant of appropriate licences, 
concessions, leases, permits and regulatory consents which may be withdrawn or made subject to limitations or 
performance  criteria.  Such  licences  and  permits  are  as  a  practical  matter  subject  to  the  discretion  of  the 
applicable Government or Government office. The Group must comply with known standards, existing laws and 
regulations  that  may  entail  greater  or  lesser  costs  and  delays  depending  on the  nature  of  the  activity  to  be 
permitted. The interpretations, amendments to existing laws and regulations, or more stringent enforcement 
of existing laws and regulations could have a material adverse impact on the Group’s results of operations and 
financial condition. Whilst the Company continually seeks to do everything within its control to ensure that the 
terms of each licence are met and adhered to, third parties may seek to exploit any technical breaches in licence 
terms for their own benefit. There is a risk that negotiations with a Government in relation to the grant, renewal 
or extension of a licence may not result in the grant, renewal or extension taking effect prior to the expiry of the 
previous licence period, and there can be no assurance of the terms of any extension, renewal, or grant. 

Political and Regulatory Risk 

The Group’s operating activities in Africa, notably in Zimbabwe, are subject to laws and regulations governing 
expropriation of property, health and worker safety, employment standards, waste disposal, protection of the 
environment, mine development, land and water use, prospecting, mineral production, exports, taxes, labour 
standards, occupational health standards, toxic wastes, the protection of endangered and protected species and 
other matters. The Group is dependent on the political and economic situation in these countries and may be 
adversely impacted by political factors such as expropriation, war, terrorism, insurrection, and changes to laws 
governing mineral exploration and operations. 

Internal Control and Financial Risk Management 

The  Board  has  overall  responsibility  for  the  Group’s  systems  of  internal  control  and  for  reviewing  their 
effectiveness.  The  Group  maintains  systems  which  are  designed  to  provide  reasonable  but  not  absolute 
assurance against material loss and to manage rather than eliminate risk. 

The key features of the Group’s systems of internal control are as follows: 

➢ Management structure with clearly identified responsibilities. 

➢ Production of management information presented to the Board. 

➢ Day to day hands on involvement of the Executive Directors and Senior Management. 

➢ Regular board meetings and discussions with the non-executive directors. 

The Group’s activities expose it to a number of financial risks including cash flow risk, liquidity risk and foreign 
currency risk. The Group has identified certain short coming in the financial control systems, which are currently 
in the process of being addressed.  

Disclosure of management’s objectives, exposure, and policies in relation to these risks can be found in note 30 
to these financial statements. 

7 

 
 
 
 
Environmental Policy 

The Group is aware of the potential impact that its subsidiary companies may have on the environment. The 
Group ensures that it complies with all local regulatory requirements and seeks to implement a best practice 
approach to managing environmental aspects. 

Zulu  was  granted  approval  of  its Environmental  Impact  Assessment  and  was  permitted  to  undertake  mining 
operations by the Environmental Management Agency of Zimbabwe. 

Health and Safety 

The  Group’s  aim  is  to  achieve  and  maintain  a  high  standard  of  workplace  safety.  In  order  to  achieve  this 
objective, the Group provides ongoing training and support to employees and sets demanding standards for 
workplace safety. 

Going Concern 

These  consolidated  financial  statements  are  prepared  on  the  going  concern  basis.  The  going  concern  basis 
assumes that the Group will continue in operation for the foreseeable future and will be able to realise its assets 
and discharge its liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business.  

The Directors have prepared cash flow forecasts for the period ending 30 June 2024, on the basis of the following 
considerations, inter alia: 

RHA 

• 

Zulu 

The Company has not funded any of the activities at RHA since 1 July 2019, apart from essential care 
and maintenance costs. 

• 

• 

Zulu is now commissioned with ongoing works on the optimisation of the pilot plant and process 
procedures (including modification) to achieve nameplate throughput continuing with Stark 
International Projects Limited who remain the operator of the pilot plant. 
 Subject to completion of further pilot plant upgrades as part of the optimisation process, Zulu has the 
potential to fully support  all cash flow projections.   

MNH 

• 

The Company has received the unaudited management accounts as at 30 June 2022, which reflects a 
loss of N$106.986 million (US$5.96 million) for the 12 months then ended. 

The Group  

• 

• 
• 
• 

•  During 2022 the Group issued 3,000,000,000 shares at an average price of 0.40p per share raising a 
total of $14.838 million. This cash was used to continue with the Zulu DFS and EPO exploration. As part 
of the DFS a pilot plant and associated mine development was undertaken.  
In May 2023 the options issued in 2017 were exercised raising £550,382 for the Group 
Further in May 2023, direct equity raised £2,369,500 before expenses for the Group   
The Company has the general authority to issue shares on a pre-emptive basis, such as an open offer 
or rights issue to secure funding to support cash flow projections. 
In June 2023, the Group received a purported notice of termination of the Offtake Agreement from 
Canmax following service of a Notice of Force Majeure on Canmax on the 25 June 2023. 
The Group will use its reasonable endeavours to work with CanMax during the period of Force Majeure 
to  seek  a  remedy,  however  any  dispute  pertaining  to  the  Offtake  Agreement  (including  the  Force 
Majeure) will be resolved in Singapore through arbitration which is expected to take over 12 months 
for the matter to be both heard and adjudicated on based on the nature of the dispute.  
Should the Group be unable to resolve the status with Canmax or no other party concludes an offtake 
agreement on terms considered fair and reasonable to Premier shareholders as a whole, then the Board 
does consider that there are alternative funding options available to the Group to support the cash flow 
projections based on the underlying value of the Group's assets and the Group's proven track record of 
securing funds on the public market. 

• 

• 

8 

 
 
In the event that the Group is unable to either resolve the status of Canmax or find an alternative offtake and 
marketing  partner  to  settle  the  CanMax  prepayment  amount  plus  interest  and  Zulu  fails  to  meet  its  revised 
production  targets,  then  a  material  uncertainty  exists  which  may  cast  significant  doubt  on  the  ability  of  the 
Group to continue as a going concern and therefore be unable to realise its assets and settle its liabilities in the 
normal course of business. 

Refer to note 5 for further information. 

George Roach 
Acting Chairman and Chief Executive Officer 
30 June 2023 

9 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
Management Team 

CEO – MR GEORGE ROACH 

George has extensive experience in the natural resources sector in Africa. He 
has  successfully  obtained  licenses  and  concluded  mineral  exploration  and 
exploitation  agreements  in  the  entire  SADAC  region,  Ethiopia,  and  most  of 
CEMAC and ECOWAS regions. Under the auspices of Exploration Services, he 
has provided consultancy to prospective exploration companies and has acted 
in significant capacities for several start-ups that have subsequently listed on 
AIM and TSX-V. Prior to founding Premier, George was the Managing Director 
Africa, for Uramin Inc. 

COO – Mr Errico Vascotto 

Errico is an accomplished and qualified Mining Engineer with more than 40 
years in the mining industry.  Errico also has an MBA from the University of 
Southern Queensland, Australia  with Project Management as a speciality. He 
has worked on both greenfield and brownfield projects globally.  In addition 
to  direct  mining  experience,  Errico  has  gained  experience  in  mining 
construction, providing strategic project leadership in line with industry best 
practice. 

CFO – Mr Tomas Apetauer 

industries 

Since qualifying as a C.A. (S.A.), Tomas has gained extensive experience in a 
diverse  range  of 
including  finance,  engineering  consulting, 
corporate finance and as an international trainer. As Premier’s chief financial 
officer, he brings the skills gained through corporate turnaround strategies, 
multi-million-dollar  capital  raises  and  buy-outs  primarily  focused  on  the 
African market. 

Country Manager – Mr Jabulani Chirasha 

A qualified Metallurgical Engineer with over 30 years’ experience in mining 
and  process  engineering.    Prior  to  joining  Premier,  Jabulani  was  a  senior 
manager at Anglo American in Zimbabwe. Jabulani has authored a number of 
international  papers  on  mining  and  process  technology  and  facilitated  at 
international mining conferences as a speaker. 

Corporate Secretary – Mr Brendan Roach 

Brendan holds a B.Com LLB and MA(Law).  He manages the full function of 
corporate affairs for Premier and acts as our international Legal Counsel. 

Exploration Manager  – Mr Bruce Cumming 

With  more  than  40  years’  experience  Bruce  is  an  accomplished,  SACNASP 
registered  Geologist.    Bruce  qualified  with  a  BSc  Hons  degree  from  the 
University of Cape Town and is a member of the GSSA. Bruce has extensive 
exploration  project  management  experience  and  has  worked  in  various 

10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
capacities  in  diverse  African  countries.    He  has  a  long  history  with  Premier 
African Minerals. 

Directors 

CEO – MR GEORGE ROACH 

George  has  extensive  experience 
resource  business 
development in Africa. He has held positions in and/or initiated a number 
of start-up businesses listed on AIM and/or TSX-V. 

in  natural 

Mr Wolfgang Hempel – Non-executive Director 

Wolfgang  has  more  than  27  years’  experience  in  the  African,  American, 
European, and Asian exploration and mining industry.  He holds a Diploma 
in  Economic  Geology  from  the  Technical  University  of  Munich  and  is  a 
registered  European  Geologist  (EurGeol)  n*1261,  with  the  European 
Federation of Geologists. 

Mr Godfrey Manhambara – Non-Executive Director 

A Zimbabwean national with extensive experience in business. 
Godfrey was the former Chief Executive of Affretair.  In 1999, Godfrey was 
appointed as CEO of the Civil Aviation Authority in Zimbabwe, a position 
he  held  until  2001.  Currently  Godfrey  is  the  Chief  Executive  of  Beta 
Holding, the largest infrastructure supply manufacturer in Zimbabwe. 

Dr Luo Wei – Non-Executive Director 

Dr Wei has a PhD in Mineral Prospecting and Exploration from Central 
South University.  With over a decade of experience in the mining and 
exploration industry Dr Wei has extensive experience in project 
management and optimisation with a focus on resource development. 

11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DIRECTORS REPORT 

Results 

The audited financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2022 are set out on pages 29 to 85. The Group 
reported a loss before and after tax of $5.803 million for the year ended 31 December 2022 (2021: profit $2.298 
million). 

The loss before and after tax includes: 

•  A gross trading profit after depreciation and amortisation is $nil (2021: $nil). 
•  Administration expenses amounting to $4.622 million (2021: $2.366 million). 
• 
• 

Finance costs amounting to $nil (2021: $0.018 million); and 
The reversal of the impairment of the Zulu Lithium’s intangible assets of $nil (2021: $4.563 million). 

The  total  comprehensive  loss  for  the  year  amounted  to  $13.646  million  (2021:  Profit  $2.150  million).  This 
includes a fair value adjustment to the investment in Vortex Ltd and MNH Holdings Ltd and loans receivable of 
$7.841 million (2021: $nil). 

Dividends 

The Directors do not recommend the payment of a dividend in respect of the year under review. 

Fund-raising and capital 

During the 2022 financial year net funds of $14.838 million were raised through direct subscriptions from the 
issue of new ordinary shares (2021: $3.609 million). 

There remains an active and very liquid market for the Group’s shares.  

Borrowings 

During the financial year, no additional borrowings were raised. 

Other key elements of financial position 

The Group concluded an Offtake and Marketing Agreement with Canmax (formerly Suzhou TA&A Ultra Clean 
Technology  Co  Ltd)  for  the  pre-purchase  of  spodumene  concentrate  from  the  Zulu  Lithium  mine.  The  total 
received by 31 December 2022 under this agreement amounts to $32.464 million. 

The  Company’s  holdings  in  Vortex  Ltd  (previously  Circum  Minerals)  amount  to  $0.501  million  (2021:  Circum 
Minerals $6.263 million). 

The Company’s holdings in MNH amount to $nil (2021: $2.079 million).  

The Company’s investment in property, plant and equipment during the year was $35.997 million (2021: $0.139 
million). 

Events after the reporting date 

At the date these financial statements were approved, the Directors were not aware of any significant events 
after the reporting date other than those set out in note 33 to the financial statements. 

Directors 

The Directors of Premier who served during the period or subsequently were: 

•  George Roach (appointed on incorporation April 2007) 
•  Godfrey Manhambara (appointed 27 September 2017) 
•  Wolfgang Hampel (appointed 10 April 2018) 
•  Neil Herbert (appointed 28 August 2019, resigned 30 April 2022) 

12 

 
 
•  Dr Luo Wei (appointed 30 April 2022) 

Directors’ Fiduciary Statement 

The Directors acknowledge their fiduciary duties and consider that they have, both individually and together, 
acted in the way that, in good faith, would be most likely to promote the success of the Company for the benefit 
of its members as a whole. In doing so, they have had regard (amongst other matters) to: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

The likely consequences of any decision in the long term. The Group’s long-term strategic objectives, 
including  progress  made  during  the  year  and  principal  risks  to  these  objectives,  are  shown  in  the 
strategic report and the key performance indicators. 
The interests of the Company’s employees. Our employees are fundamental to us achieving our long-
term strategic objectives. 
The impact of the Company’s operations on the community and the environment. The Group operates 
honestly and transparently. We consider the impact on the environment on our day-to-day operations 
and how we can minimise this.  
The desirability of the Company maintaining a reputation for high standards of business conduct. Our 
intention is to behave in a responsible manner, operating within the high standard of business conduct 
and good corporate governance.  
The need to act fairly as between members of the Company. Our intention is to behave responsibly 
towards our shareholders and treat them fairly and equally so that they may benefit from the successful 
delivery of our strategic objectives. 

Share capital 

Premier’s  shares  are  publicly  traded  on  AIM  with  the  stock  ticker  of  PREM.  As  at  31  December  2022,  the 
Company’s issued share capital consists of 22,418,009,831 (note 19) Ordinary Shares of no-par value.  

The company does not hold any Ordinary Shares in treasury. 

Major Shareholders 

As at 30 June 2023 the Company was aware of the following persons who hold, directly or indirectly, voting 
rights representing 3% or more of the issued share capital of the Company to which voting rights are attached: 

Name 

Number of Ordinary Shares 

% Issued Share Capital  

 13.14% 

7.1% 

4.5% 

Canmax (formerly Suzhou TA&A 
Ultra Clean Technology Co. Ltd) 

George Roach* 

James Goozee# 

3,000,000,000 

1,597,514,207 

1,031,745,473 

* George Roach and/or structures associated with G Roach.  

#  James Goozee and/or his wife Mrs. Elizabeth Goozee. 

There are no restrictions on the transfer of the Company’s AIM securities. 

_____________________ 

George Roach 
Acting Chairman and Chief Executive Officer  
30 June 2023 

13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE STATEMENT 

Premier is committed to maintaining the highest standards in corporate governance throughout its operations 
and to ensure all its practices are conducted transparently, morally, and efficiently. Therefore, and in accordance 
with the AIM Rules for Companies (March 2018), Premier  will seek  to comply with the provisions of The UK 
Corporate Governance Code July 2018, as published by the Financial Reporting Council Limited, to the extent 
the Board consider appropriate, given the Company's size, stage of development and resources (the "Code").  

Throughout  the  Reporting  Period,  the  Company  has  continued  to  adhere  to  this  Code  and  the  following 
statement sets out how the Company complies or otherwise departs from the principles of the Code. 

Premier constantly seeks to maintain the highest levels of corporate governance whereby the Company ensures 
that a periodic review of the Company’s corporate governance is done. Following this recent review, there have 
been no corporate governance issues identified by Premier. 

Accordingly, the Company has established specific committees and implemented certain policies, to ensure that: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

It  is  led  by  an  experienced  Board  which  is  collectively  responsible  for  the  long-term  success  of  the 
Company. 
The Board and the committees have the appropriate balance of skills, experience, independence, and 
knowledge of the Company to enable them to discharge their respective duties and responsibilities 
effectively. 
The Board establish a formal and transparent arrangement for considering how it applies the corporate 
reporting,  risk  management  and  internal  control  principles  and  for  maintaining  an  appropriate 
relationship with the Company's auditors. 
There is a dialogue with shareholders based on the mutual understanding of objectives. 

During the year, the board of directors held one formal board meeting that was attended by all members in 
office. Due to the ongoing medical issues pertaining to one of the members of the board of directors, the board 
of directors have elected to hold a number of informal virtual board calls with the attendance of most of the 
directors  in  office  to  discuss  the  operations  of  the  Company.  Since  the  year  end,  the  board  continued  to 
implement the policy of holding informal board calls as so required and is also in the process of actively looking 
to strengthen the board of directors.  The various committees of the Company have continued to meet from 
time to time in accordance with the requirements of the Company’s ongoing operations. 

In addition, the Company has adopted a comprehensive suite of policies including: 

•  Anti-corruption and bribery. 
•  Health and safety. 
• 
• 
• 

Environment and community. 
IT, communications, and systems.  
social media. 

The  Code  follows  5  Main  Principles,  which  are  herein  assessed  in  accordance  with  Premier  commitment  to 
maintain the highest levels of corporate governance. 

1.  Leadership 

The Role of the Board of Directors 

The Board is responsible for the management of the business of the Company, setting its strategic direction and 
establishing  appropriate  policies.  It  is  the  Directors’  responsibility  to  oversee  the  financial  position  of  the 
Company and monitor its business and affairs on behalf of the Shareholders, to whom they are accountable. 
The primary duty of the Board is always to act in the best interests of the Company. The Board also addresses 
issues relating to internal control and risk management. The Non-executive Directors bring a wide range of skills 
and experience to the Company, as well as independent judgment on strategy, risk, and performance. The Non-
executive Directors are considered  by the Board to be independent at the date of this report. To  achieve its 
objectives, the Board strictly adheres to the Code. 

The Board meets at least three times a year with supplementary meetings held as required. The agenda for the 

14 

 
 
 
 
Board meetings is prepared jointly by the Chairman and CEO. The Board maintains annual rolling plan (“Agenda”) 
of items for discussion to ensure that all matters reserved for the Board, with other items as appropriate, are 
addressed. The agenda, with all accompanying documents, generally includes the following: 

•  Review of previous minutes. 
•  Discussion on various project activities and market conditions. 
•  Management Accounts and Financial position. 
•  Corporate Matters. 
•  Other business matters that Board members can freely raise beyond the defined Agenda. 

The Annual Accounts of Premier best reflects the Board key types of decisions that the Board are required to 
take  in  their  pursuant  of  maintaining  the  highest  levels  of  corporate  governance.  The  following  matters  are 
reserved for the Board. 

Strategy, Policy, and Management. 

• 
•  Group Structure and capital requirements. 
• 
• 
• 
•  Board structure. 
•  Corporate governance matters. 

Financial reporting and controls. 
Internal and External controls. 
Transactions and Commercial Contracts including delegation authority. 

Premier  has  established  varies  committees  to  assist  the  Board  in  maintain  the  highest  levels  of  corporate 
governance. Of these committees, the following two strongly assist the decision making of the Board. 

Audit Committee 

The  Audit  Committee  (“AC”),  which  comprises  of  George  Roach  and  is  chaired  by  Godfrey  Manhambara,  is 
responsible for the appointment of auditors and the audit fee, and for ensuring that the financial performance 
of the Company is properly monitored and reported. The Audit Committee, inter alia, meets with the Company's 
external auditor and its senior financial management to review the annual and interim financial statements of 
the Company, oversees the Company's accounting and financial reporting processes, the Company's internal 
accounting controls and the resolution of issues identified by the Company's auditors. 

Other key aspects of the AC include: 

•  Reviewing  the  Company's  accounting  policies  and  reports  produced  by  internal  and  external  audit 

functions. 

•  Considering  whether  the  Company  has  followed  appropriate  accounting  standards  and  made 

appropriate estimates and judgements, considering the views of the external auditor. 

•  Reporting its views to the board of directors if it is not satisfied with any aspect of the proposed financial 

reporting by the Company. 

•  Reviewing  the  adequacy  and effectiveness  of  the  Company’s  internal  financial  controls  and  internal 

control and risk management systems.  

•  Reviewing  the  adequacy  and  effectiveness  of  the  Company's  anti-money  laundering  systems  and 

controls for the prevention of bribery and receive reports on non-compliance. 
•  Overseeing the appointment of and the relationship with the external auditor. 

Remuneration Committee 

The  Remuneration  Committee  comprises  of  George  Roach  and  is  chaired  by  Godfrey  Manhambara.  The 
Remuneration  Committee  assumes  general  responsibility  for  assisting  the  Board  in  respect  of  remuneration 
policies for Premier. The Committee reviews and recommends remuneration strategies for the Company and 
proposals  relating  to  compensation  for  the  Company's  officers,  directors  and  consultants  and  assesses  the 
performance of the officers of the Company in fulfilling their responsibilities and meeting corporate objectives. 
It  has  the  responsibility  for,  inter  alia,  administering  share  and  cash  incentive  plans  and  programmes  for 
Directors  and  employees  and  for  approving  (or  making  recommendations  to  the  Board  on)  share  and  cash 
awards for Directors and employees. 

15 

 
 
The Committee is satisfied that the advice received has been objective and independent as at the date of this 
report. 

The Division of Responsibility of the Board of Directors 

It is important that the Board itself contains the right mix of skills and experience to deliver the strategy of the 
Company. The roles of the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) are currently exercised by the same 
person, George Roach agreed to act, for a limited time, as interim chairman during the development of Zulu. 
Once Zulu becomes cash generative, George Roach will actively engage a replacement for one of his two roles 
in the Company. There is no one individual or group of individuals on the Board that have unfettered powers of 
discretion nor is there any undue influence in the collective decision-making ability of the Board. 

The responsibilities of the Chairman, CEO and Non-executive director are set out in writing and are review by 
the Board annually to ensure that it remains relevant and accurate. In brief summary, they are responsible as 
follows: 

• 

• 

• 

The Chairman’s role is to lead and manage the Board and play a role in facilitating the discussion of the 
Company’s strategy, as set by the Board. And to effectively promote the success of the Company. 
The  CEO’s  role,  including  the  role  of  the  Technical  Director,  is  the  responsibility  of  the  day-to-day 
management of the Company’s operational activities, and for the proper execution of the stagey as set 
by the Board.   
The  Non-executive  directors,  act  as  a  member  of  the  unitary  Board,  however,  they  are  required  to 
constructively  challenge  performance  of  management  and  help  develop  proposals  on  strategy, 
agreeing of goals and the Company key objectives.  

2.  Effectiveness  

The Composition of the Board  

The  Board and its committees should have the appropriate balance of skills, experience, independence, and 
knowledge of the Company to enable them to discharge their respective duties and responsibilities effectively. 

 As such, the Board has been structured to ensure that correct mix of skills and experience are in place to allow 
it to operate effectively: 

• 

•  A Chairman (George Roach on an interim basis), whose primary responsibility to lead and manage the 
Board. This remains vital in the delivery of the Company's corporate governance model. The Chairman 
has  a  clear  separation  from  the  day-to-day  business  of  the  Company  which  allows  him  to  make 
independent decisions. 
a  CEO  (George  Roach),  whose  primary  focus  is  communicating,  on  behalf  of  the  Company,  with 
shareholders, government entities, and the public. Leading the development of the Company's short- 
and long-term strategy. 
a Technical Director (Wolfgang Hampel), whose is responsible for leading, co-ordinating, and optimising 
the performance of both mining and exploration services. With a further responsibility for geological 
and mine planning activities, his role is critical in ensuring the quality and efficiency of Premier geology, 
and 

• 

•  one independent Non-Executive Director (Godfrey Manhambara).  

The Code requires that a smaller company (and which the Company is under the Code) should have at least two 
independent  non-executive  directors.  Godfrey  Manhambara  is  independent  under  the Code.  The  Board  also 
regards Wolfgang Hampel as independent, notwithstanding that he participates in the Company’s share option 
plan  and  provides  some  technical  advice  to  the  board.  The  Board  is  satisfied  that  Wolfgang  Hampel  acts 
independently  irrespective  of  these  interests.  The  Board  also  notes  that  no  single  individual  will  dominate 
decision  making  and  further  notes  that  there  has  been  sufficient  challenge  of  executive  management  at 
meetings of the Board thereby confirming that the Board is capable of operating effectively.  

The Board has not appointed a senior Finance Director but is actively seeking for the appropriate candidate with 
financial expertise to provide board oversight on all report prepared by the group financial manager, Mr Tomas 
Apetauer  who  is  a  chartered  accountant  with  extensive  audit  and  financial  management  experience. 

16 

 
 
 
Additionally, the Company has a Company Secretary in the United Kingdom who assists the Chairman and CEO 
in  preparing  for  and  running  effective  board  meetings,  including  the  timely  dissemination  of  appropriate 
information. The Company Secretary provides advice and guidance to the extent required by the Board on the 
legal and regulatory environment. 

The Nomination Committee (“NC”) has been established to regularly review and ensure that the Board has the 
appropriate balance of skills, experience, and knowledge of the Company. NC meets as required to consider the 
composition of and succession planning for the Board, and to lead the process of appointments to the Board. 
The Committee is made up of George Roach and Wolfgang Hampel and is chaired by George Roach. 

Other key aspects of the NC include: 

• 

• 

regularly reviewing the structure, size, and composition (including the skills, knowledge, experience, 
and diversity) of the board and make recommendations to the board about any changes, succession 
planning and vacancies; and 
identifying suitable candidates from a wide range of backgrounds to be considered for positions on 
the board. 

Appointments to the Board 

The  appointment  of  new  Directors  to  the  Board  is  led  by  the  NC  who  has  the  responsibility  for  nominating 
candidates for appointment. Both the NC and Board considers the need for diversity, including equality, and that 
the new directors must exhibit the required skills, experience, knowledge, and independence. 

The Board acknowledges that the Company is not in compliance with the Code whereby the NC should comprise 
a  majority  of  independent  directors.  The  Board  considers  that  the  NC  has  a  strong  enough  independent 
component with Godfrey Manhambara. 

Commitment 

The Board requires that all directors should be able to allocate sufficient time to the Company to discharge their 
responsibilities  in  accordance  their  letter  of  appointment.  The  Company  maintains  records  of  each  letter  of 
appointment, which can be inspected at an agreed time, at the Company’s registered office. 

The NC is responsible for considering on an annual basis, whether each director is able to devote sufficient time 
to their duties. 

Development  

All directors are required to familiarise themselves with the Board and should regularly update and refresh their 
skills  and  knowledge.  The  Company  provides  each  joining  director  with  an  induction  on  the  Company.  Each 
induction is tailored to the specific background and requirements of the new director. In general, the induction 
contains information on: 

Structures and operations. 

• 
•  Board procedures. 
•  Corporate Governance. 
•  Details regarding their duties and responsibilities. 

Information and Support 

As  Premier  constantly  seeks  to  maintain  the  highest  levels  of  corporate  governance,  it  is  imperative  that 
information is supplied to the Board in a form and of a quality appropriate to enable the Board to discharge its 
duties in a timely manner. The supply of the information is done by the Chairman with the assistance of the 
Company Secretary. 

Premier encourage all Board members to seek independent professional advice (at the reasonable expense of 
the Company) in the  furtherance of their duties. The  Board is given sufficient  opportunity to meet  with any 
manager, consultant, or contractor to gain further insight into Premier. 

Evaluation  

The Board recognises that it should undertake a formal and rigorous annual evaluation of its own performance, 
that of its committees and individual directors.  

17 

 
 
The evaluation of the Board’s performance is an assessment of the following key factors: 

• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

The Board structure. 
The Board’s performance. 
The Board business strategy. 
Financial reporting and controls. 
Performance monitoring. 
Supporting and advisory roles. 

The Board is not in compliance with the Code as the evaluation process is usually conducted internally due to 
the  size  and  complexity  of  the  operations  of  the  Company.  Furthermore,  the  Board  believes  that  internal 
assessment best help identify the key strength and weaknesses to allow for effective evaluation. The Board will 
continue to assess the internal review process against the growth of the Company as should the Company grow 
in size it may consider getting an independent assessment. 

Re-election 

The  Board  believe  that  all  directors  should  be  submitted  for  re-election  at  regular  intervals,  subject  to  the 
continued satisfactory performance of the Company. 

The  Director  longest  in  office  since  their  last  appointment  is  required  to  retire  by  rotation  or  stand  for 
reappointment at the Annual General Meeting (“AGM”). 

3.  Accountability  

Financial and Business reporting  

A key duty of the Board is to oversee the financial affairs of the Company. The Financial Statements is the Board’s 
primary means of presenting a fair, balanced and understandable assessment of the Company’s positions that 
also  best  provides  the  information  necessary  to  allow  shareholders  to  assess  the  Company’s  performance, 
business model and strategy for that period. 

You  can  view  Premier  Annual  Report  and  Financial  Statements  on  the  Company’s  webpage  at  the  following 
address,  www.premierafricanminerals.com.  Under  the  Strategic  Review  section  of  the  Company’s  Annual 
Report and Financial Statements for the year ended December 2022, the Board set outs the strategic objectives 
of the Company, how these will be delivered, Premier business model and how the Company will generate and 
preserve value over the longer term for shareholders. 

The Board have a reasonable expectation that the Group has adequate resources to continue in operations or 
existence for the foreseeable future thus continues to adopt the going concern basis in preparing its Annual 
Report and Financial Statements. Refer to note 5 to the financial statements. 

Risk Management and Internal Control 

The Board is responsible for determining the nature and extent  of the significant  risks it is willing to take in 
achieving its strategic objectives. The Board manages the risk through the implementation of internal control 
systems. 

The Board has identified the following as some of the risks and their mitigation: 

•  Credit  Risk:  Credit  risk  is  the  risk  of  potential  loss  to  the  Company  if  counterparty  to  a  financial 
instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations. The Company’s credit risk is primarily attributable 
to its liquid financial assets, including cash, receivables, and balances receivable from the government. 
The Company limits the exposure to credit risk in its cash by only investing its cash with high-credit 
quality financial institutions in business and savings accounts, guaranteed investment certificates and 
in government treasury bills which are available on demand by the Company for its programs.  
Liquidity  Risk:  Liquidity  risk  is  the  risk  that  the  Company  will  not  have  the  resources  to  meet  its 
obligations as they fall due. The Company manages this risk by closely monitoring cash forecasts and 
managing resources to ensure that it will have enough liquidity to meet its obligations. 

• 

•  Operating  Risks:  The  activities  of  the  Company  are  subject  to  all  of  the  hazards  and  risks  normally 
incidental to exploring and developing natural resource projects. These risks and uncertainties include, 

18 

 
 
 
 
but  are  not  limited  to  environmental  hazards,  industrial  accidents,  Covid-19,  labour  disputes,  geo-
political risks, encountering unusual or unexpected geologic formations or other geological or grade 
problems, unanticipated changes in rock formation characteristics and mineral recovery, encountering 
unanticipated ground or water conditions, land slips, flooding, periodic interruptions due to inclement 
or  hazardous  weather  conditions  and  other  acts  of  God  or  un-favourable  operating  conditions  and 
losses.  The  Company  manages  the  risk  by  closing  monitoring  operations  and  maintaining  adequate 
insurance cover. 
Early-stage Business Risk: The Board manages this risk by monitoring cash levels and reviewing cash 
flow forecasts on a regular basis. 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

•  Market Risk (exchange rates, commodity, and equity): Market risk is the risk of loss that may arise from 
changes in market factors such as interest rates, foreign exchange rates, and commodity and equity 
prices. The Company manages the risk by closing monitoring exchange rates, commodity, and equity 
markets. The Company further engages consultants to undertake commodity forecasts.   
Interest Rate Risk: The Company is exposed to interest rate risk to the extent that its cash balances bear 
variable  rates  of  interest.  The  interest  rate  risks  on  cash  and  short-term  investments  and  on  the 
Company’s, obligations are not considered significant and is not mitigated at this time. 
Foreign Currency Risk:  The Company is exposed to the financial risk related to the fluctuation of foreign 
exchange rates against the Company’s functional currency, which is the United States dollar (“USD”).  
The Company has not hedged its exposure to currency fluctuations. 
Environmental Risks and Hazards: All phases of the Company’s operations are subject to environmental 
regulation in the areas in which it operates. The Board manages this risk by working with environmental 
consultants  and  by  engaging  with  the  relevant  governmental  departments  and  other  concerned 
stakeholders. 
Licencing Risk: The Company’s exploration and development activities are dependent upon the grant 
of appropriate licences, concessions, leases, permits and regulatory consents which may be withdrawn 
or  made  subject  to  limitations  or  performance  criteria.  Such  licences  and  permits  are  as  a  practical 
matter subject to the discretion of the applicable Government or Government office. The Group must 
comply with known standards, existing laws and regulations that may entail greater or lesser costs and 
delays depending on the nature of the activity to be permitted. The interpretations, amendments to 
existing laws and regulations, or more stringent  enforcement  of existing laws and regulations could 
have a material adverse impact on the Group’s results of operations and financial condition. Whilst the 
Company continually seeks to do everything within its control to ensure that the terms of each licence 
are met and adhered to, third parties may seek to exploit any technical breaches in licence terms for 
their own benefit. There is a risk that negotiations with a Government in relation to the grant, renewal 
or extension of a licence may not result in the grant, renewal or extension taking effect prior to the 
expiry of the previous licence period, and there can be no assurance of the terms of any extension, 
renewal, or grant. 
Political  and  Regulatory  Risk:  The  Company  operating  activities  in  Africa,  notably  in  Zimbabwe,  and 
Namibia, are subject to laws and regulations governing expropriation of property, health and worker 
safety, employment standards, waste disposal, protection of the environment, mine development, land 
and water use, prospecting, mineral production, exports, taxes, labour standards, occupational health 
standards, toxic wastes, the protection of endangered and protected species and other matters. The 
Group is dependent on the political and economic situation in these countries and may be adversely 
impacted by political factors such as expropriation, war, terrorism, insurrection, and changes to laws 
governing mineral exploration and operations. 
Internal Control and Financial Risk Management: The Board has overall responsibility for the Group’s 
systems of internal control and for reviewing their effectiveness. The Group maintains systems which 
are designed to provide reasonable but not absolute assurance against material loss and to manage 
rather than eliminate risk. 

• 

• 

The Board has overall responsibility for maintaining and reviewing the Group’s system of internal control and 
ensuring that the controls are robust and effective in enabling risks to be appropriately assessed and managed. 

19 

 
 
 
Refer to the principal risks and uncertainties as set  out  in the Strategic Report  for additional information on 
these risks. 

On behalf of the Board, the AC conducts an annual review of the effectiveness of the systems of internal control 
including financial, operational and compliance controls and risk management systems. 

Audit Committee and Auditors  

The functions of the AC are clearly described as part of the Leadership function in this note.  

Whilst the Board sets the Company risk appetite, it reviews the operations and effectiveness of the Company’s 
risk management activities through the AC, which undertake the day-to-day oversight of the risk management 
framework on behalf of the Board. The Chairman of the AC regularly provides an update on the work carried out 
by the AC to the board. 

It  is  noted  that  the  AC  follow  the  recommendations  of  the  Code  whereby  they  monitor  and  review  the 
effectiveness  of  the  internal  audit  activities.  However,  at  this  time,  the  Board  have  determined  that  the 
appointment of internal auditor is not required due to the size of the Company.  

4.  Remuneration 

The Level and Components of Remuneration 

Executive  directors’  remuneration  should  be  designed  to  promote  the  long-term  success  of  the  Company. 
Performance-related elements should be transparent, stretching and rigorously applied. The Board delegates 
the  responsibility  for  setting  the  appropriate  levels  of  remuneration  for  its  directors  to  the  Remuneration 
Committee. 

The levels of Remuneration to directors are disclosed to shareholders in Premier Annual Report and Financial 
Statements. Both the Board and Remuneration Committee seek to provide appropriate reward for the skill and 
time  commitment  required  so  at  to  retain  the  right  calibre  of  director  at  a  cost  to  the  Company  and  which 
reflects the current market rates. 

Procedure  

The Board have a formal and transparent procedure for developing policy on the executive remuneration and 
for fixing the remuneration packages of individual directors. As strict policy, no director is involved in deciding 
their own remuneration. 

The Remuneration Committee consider and approves the remuneration and where applicable, incentives and 
benefits, and makes recommendations to the Board. The Committee will also govern employee share schemes. 
The  Chairman  of  the  Committee  will  be  consulted  by  the  CEO  in  respect  of  the  Company  and  director’s 
performance approvals, compensation and in respect of any appointment/departures from roles. 

The remuneration of non-executive directors shall be a matter for the executive members of the Board.  

The Company has adopted a share dealing code to ensure directors and certain employees do not abuse, and 
do not place themselves under suspicion of abusing inside information of which they are in possession and to 
comply with its obligations under MAR which applies to the Company by virtue of its shares being traded on 
AIM. Furthermore, the Company's share dealing code is compliant with the AIM Rules for Companies published 
by the London Stock Exchange (as amended from time to time).  

Under the share dealing code, the Company must: 

•  Disclose all inside information to the public as soon as possible by way of market announcement unless 

• 
• 

• 

certain circumstances exist in which the disclosure of the inside information may be delayed. 
Keep a list of each person who is in possession of inside information relating to the Company. 
Procure  that  all  persons  discharging  managerial  responsibilities  and  certain  employees  are  given 
clearance by the Company before they are allowed to trade in Company securities; and 
Procure that all persons discharging managerial responsibilities and persons closely associated to them 
notify both the Company and the Financial Conduct Authority of all trades in Company securities that 
they make. 

20 

 
 
 
 
Additionally, under the share dealing code, no person discharging managerial responsibilities is permitted to 
deal in Company securities (whether directly or through an investment manager) during a closed period; being 
the period either: from the end of the relevant financial year up to the release of the preliminary announcement 
of the Company’s annual results; from the end of the relevant financial period up to the release of the Company’s 
half-yearly financial report or; 30 calendar days before the release of each of the Company’s first quarter report 
and third quarter report. 

For details of the directors’ remuneration refer to note 28. 

5.  Relations with Shareholders 

Dialogue with shareholders  

The Company recognises that maintaining strong communications with its shareholders promotes transparency 
and will drive value in the medium to long-term. Accordingly, the Company has an established programme to 
communicate  with  shareholders.  This  done  by  providing  regular  updates  on  the  progress  of  the  Company, 
detailing recent business and strategy developments, in news releases which will be posted on the Company's 
website and through certain social media channels.  

The Board has responsibility for approval and monitoring compliance with the Company’s disclosure controls 
and  procedures.  It  has  the  responsibility,  inter  alia,  determining  whether  information  is  inside  information, 
deciding  whether  the  inside  information  is  to  be  announced  as  soon  as  possible  and  reviewing  the  scope, 
content,  and  accuracy  of  disclosure.  The  Company  has  adopted  a  share  dealing  code  governing  the  share 
dealings of the Directors and applicable employees during close periods and is in accordance with Rule 21 of the 
AIM Rules. 

The Chairman and CEO are contactable via email. Their email address can be obtained at either the Company’s 
registered office or by requesting them at the below address. To continually improve transparency, the Board 
would  be  delighted  to  receive  feedback  from  shareholders.  Communications  should  be  directed  to 
info@premierafricanminerals.com.  The  CEO  has  been  appointed  to  manage  the  relationship  between  the 
Company and its shareholders and will review and report to the Board on any communications received. 

Constructive Use of General Meetings  

The  Company  holds  AGM  each  year,  whereby  all  of  the  directors  aim  to  attend  the  AGM  and  value  the 
opportunity  of  welcoming  individual  shareholders  and  other  investors  to  communicate  directly  and  address 
their questions. 

In addition to the mandatory information required and procedures to calling a general meeting, which can be 
found under the Company’s constitutional documents on the webpage, the Board ensure that a full, fair, and 
balanced explanation of business of all general meetings is sent in advance to shareholders. 

Statement of directors’ responsibilities 

The directors are responsible for preparing the annual report and financial statements and have prepared the 
Group financial statements in accordance with UK adopted International Accounting Standards in order to give 
a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Group and of its profit or loss for that period, in accordance with 
the rules of the London Stock Exchange for companies trading securities on AIM.  

In preparing these financial statements the directors are required to: 

select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently. 

• 
•  make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent. 
• 

state  whether  they  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  UK  adopted  International  Accounting 
Standards, subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements; and 
prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that 
the Company and the Group will continue in business. 

• 

21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The  directors  are  responsible  for  keeping  records  that  are  sufficient  to  show  and  explain  the  Group  and 
Company’s transactions and will, at any time, enable the financial position of the Group and Company to be 
determined with reasonable accuracy. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Company 
and  the  Group  and  hence  for  taking  reasonable  steps  for  the  prevention  and  detection  of  fraud  and  other 
irregularities. 

All  reports  and  accounts,  taken  as  a  whole,  is  fair,  balanced,  understandable,  and  provides  the  information 
necessary for shareholders to assess the Company’s position, performance, business model and strategy. 

Statement of disclosure to auditor 
The directors who were in office at the date of approval of these financial statements have confirmed that, as far 
as they are aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the auditor is unaware. Each of the directors has 
confirmed that they have taken all the steps that they ought to have taken as directors in order to make themselves 
aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that it has been communicated to the auditor. 

Viability statement and going concern 
The Board has assessed the prospects of the Group over a period of 12 months from the date of approval of these 
financial statements, involving a review of the Group’s forecast prepared for the 12 months ending 30 June 2024. 
and taking account of the Board’s intentions for future activities after that date. As explained further in note 5, 
taking  account  of  the  Group’s  current  position  and  principal  risks,  over  a  12-month  period,  the  Board  has  a 
reasonable expectation that the Group will be able to continue in operation and meet its liabilities as they fall due 
over that period.  

The Board considers these periods of assessment to be appropriate because they contextualise the Company’s 
financial position, business model and strategy. 

George Roach 

Acting Chairman and Chief Executive Officer  

30 June 2023 

22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NON-STATUTORY  INDEPENDENT  AUDITOR’S  REPORT  TO  THE  MEMBERS  OF  PREMIER  AFRICAN  MINERALS 
LIMITED 

Opinion on non-statutory financial statements 

We  have  audited  the  consolidated  non-statutory  financial  statements  of  Premier  African  Minerals  Ltd  (the 
‘Group’)  for  the  year  ended  31  December  2022  which  comprise  the  consolidated  income  statement,  the 
consolidated  statement  of  comprehensive  income,  the  consolidated  statement  of  financial  position,  the 
consolidated  statements  of  cash  flows,  the  consolidated  statements  of  changes  in  equity  and  notes  to  the 
financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies.  

The  financial  reporting  framework  that  has  been  applied  in  the  preparation  of  the  financial  statements  UK 
adopted international accounting standards.  

In our opinion the non-statutory financial statements: 

• 

• 

give a true and fair view of the state of the Group’s affairs as at 31 December 2022 and of the Group’s 
loss for the year then ended;  

have been properly prepared in accordance with UK adopted international accounting standards. 

Basis for opinion 

We conducted our audit in accordance with UK adopted international accounting standards. Our responsibilities 
under  those  standards  are  further  described  in  the  Auditor’s  responsibilities  for  the  audit  of  the  financial 
statements section of our report. We are independent of the Group in accordance with the ethical requirements 
that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard as applied to listed 
entities,  and  we  have  fulfilled  our  other  ethical  responsibilities  in  accordance  with  these  requirements.  We 
believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.  

Material uncertainty relating to going concern 

We draw attention to note 5 in the financial statements, which indicates that the Group is loss making and has 
net current liabilities. In addition, the Group is in dispute with Canmax, who have submitted a purported notice 
of termination of the Offtake Agreement  and have required the  Group to settle the prepayment  amount  of 
$34.7m within 90 days of 25 June 2023. However, the Group has been advised that this notice of termination 
has no force or effect. As stated in note 5, these events or conditions, along with the other matters as set forth 
in note 5, indicate that a material uncertainty exists that may cast significant doubt on the Group’s ability to 
continue as a going concern. Our opinion is not modified in respect of this matter. 

In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors’ use of the going concern basis of 
accounting  in  the  preparation  of  the  financial  statements  is  appropriate.  Our  evaluation  of  the  directors’ 
assessment of the entity’s ability to continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting included: 

•  Reviewing the cash flow forecasts prepared by management for the period up to Jun 2026, providing 

challenge to key assumptions, reviewing for reasonableness and stress testing the forecasts. 
•  Reviewing post-year period end RNS announcements and holding detailed discussions with 

management about the Canmax dispute and what actions are available to the Group to resolve the 
situation and to obtain alternative funding; 

•  Reviewing the legal and other correspondence surrounding the Canmax Offtake Agreement dispute 
and other supporting documentation to corroborate management’s explanations and their plans to 
resolve the situation: and   

• 

Assessing the adequacy of going concern disclosures within the financial statements. 

23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the 
relevant sections of this report.  

An overview of the scope of our audit 

As part of designing our audit, we determined materiality and assessed the risks of material misstatement in the 
financial statements. In particular, we looked at where the directors made subjective judgments, for example in 
respect of significant accounting estimates that involved making assumptions and considering future events that 
are inherently uncertain. As in all of our audits we also addressed the risk of management override of internal 
controls, including evaluating whether there was evidence of bias by the directors that represented a risk of 
material misstatement due to fraud. 

How we tailored the audit scope 

We tailored the scope of our audit to ensure that we performed enough work to be able to give an opinion on 
the financial statements as a whole, taking into account the structure of the Group, the accounting processes 
and controls, and the industry in which they operate. 

The  Group  financial  statements  are  a  consolidation  of  reporting  units,  comprising  the  Group’s  operating 
businesses and holding companies. 

We performed full scope audits of the financial information of the components within the Group  which were 
individually  financially  significant  and  material.  We  also  performed  specified  audit  procedures  over  certain 
account  balances  and  transaction  classes  that  we  regarded  as  material  to  the  Group,  as  well  as  analytical 
procedures, for components which were not significant and not material. The audit work and specified audit 
procedures accounted for 100% of the Group’s consolidated expenditures and 100% of the Group’s absolute 
loss before tax (i.e. the sum of the numerical values without regard to whether they were profits or losses for 
the relevant reporting units).  

Key Audit Matters 

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit 
of  the  financial  statements  of  the  current  period  and  include  the  most  significant  assessed  risks  of  material 
misstatement (whether or not due to fraud) we identified, including those which had the greatest effect on: the 
overall audit strategy, the allocation of resources in the audit; and directing the efforts of the engagement team. 
These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in forming 
our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters. This is not a complete list of 
all risks identified by our audit. 

Key audit matters 

How our audit addressed the key audit matter 

Valuation of the rehabilitation provision 

Valuation of the rehabilitation provision 

We have understood and assessed the inputs in 
calculation of the liability. These were based on the 
original environmental impact assessment as carried 
out in 2015. We have also verified that there were 
no applicable changes to the regulations which 
would increase the liability and have reviewed 
calculations for the unwinding of the provision. 

The Group has recognised a rehabilitation provision, 
under IAS 37 – contingent liabilities and contingent 
assets, of $360,000 (2021: $360,000), in relation to 
the future costs to rehabilitate the current mines as 
per regulation.  

The directors are required to assess the provision at 
the end of each reporting period and adjust to 
reflect their best estimates of the liability. 

The directors consider the liability to be sufficient 
due to the value of the RGTS (Zimbabwe currency) 
against the Dollar. 

24 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Key audit matters 

Fair value of investments 

The Group has recognised Investments of $501,000 
(2021: $8,342,000) as at the reporting date.  

Directors are required to assess the fair value of 
investments at each reporting date under IFRS 9.  

As neither Vortex nor MNH are traded on an active 
market a level 3 valuation technique was used. The 
shareholding was based on the most recent placing 
of the shares in the respective companies, as well as 
management’s best estimates of the fair values. 

How our audit addressed the key audit matter 

Fair value of investments 

We have clarified that the Vortex shares were 
valued on the basis of the latest share transactions 
and have been written down accordingly. 

We reviewed the information available for MNH and 
agree  with  management’s  view  that  that  the 
investment should be fully impaired. 

Carrying value of exploration and evaluation assets 
and mining properties 

Carrying value of exploration and evaluation assets 
and mining properties 

The  Group  holds  intangible  assets  of  $4,739,000 
(2021:  $4,686,000)  and 
tangible  assets  of 
$35,997,000 (2021: $139,000) relating to capitalised 
costs, primarily in respect of the Zulu Lithium project 
in Zimbabwe. 

There are risks that expenses have been incorrectly 
capitalized or that impairment indicators exist which 
would  result  in  an  impairment  of  the  year  end 
balances. 

Our audit work in this area included: 

•  We  have  understood  and  assessed 
the 
methodology  used  in  the  capitalisation  of  these 
assets. 

• Reviewing a sample of costs capitalised during the 
year  to  ensure  they  meet  the  recognition  or 
classification criteria under IFRS 6, IAS 38 or IAS 16; 

•  Confirming  that  the  Group  has  good  title  to  any 
applicable licences for the mining properties.  

•  Evaluating  the  status  of  the  projects  during  the 
year, and subsequent to the year-end, to identify and 
evidence any impairment indicators; 

impairment  reviews, 
•  Assessing  management’s 
including 
and 
key 
consideration  of  sensitivity  to  reasonably  possible 
changes; 

assumptions 

challenging 

Our application of materiality 

The scope of our audit was influenced by our application of materiality. We set certain quantitative thresholds 
for materiality. These, together with qualitative considerations, helped us to determine the scope of our audit 
and the nature, timing and extent of our audit procedures on the individual financial statement line items and 
disclosures and in evaluating the effect of misstatements, both individually and in aggregate on the financial 
statements as a whole. 

Based  on  our  professional  judgment,  we  determined  materiality  for the  financial  statements  as  a  whole  as 
follows: 

Group financial statements 

Overall materiality 

$255,000 

How we determined it 

0.5% of Gross assets 

Rationale for 
benchmark applied 

We believe that the gross assets is a primary measure used by 
shareholders in assessing the performance of the Group, as the Group is 
at a pre-revenue stage and is asset heavy. 

25 

 
 
 
Other information 

The  other  information  comprises  the  information  included  in  the  annual  report  other  than  the  financial 
statements and our auditor’s report thereon. The directors are responsible for the other information contained 
within the annual report. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, 
except  to  the  extent  otherwise  explicitly  stated  in  our  report,  we  do  not  express  any  form  of  assurance 
conclusion thereon. Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the 
other  information  is  materially  inconsistent  with  the  financial  statements  or  our  knowledge  obtained  in  the 
course of the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies 
or  apparent  material  misstatements,  we  are  required  to  determine  whether  this  gives  rise  to  a  material 
misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude 
that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact. 

We have nothing to report in this regard.  

Responsibilities of directors 

As  explained  more  fully  in  the  directors’  responsibilities  statement  as  set  out  in  the  Corporate  Governance 
Statement, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied 
that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable 
the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. 

In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the Group’s ability to continue 
as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis 
of  accounting  unless  the  directors  either  intend  to  liquidate  the  Group  or  the  parent  company  or  to  cease 
operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so. 

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements 

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free 
from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our 
opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in 
accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise 
from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be 
expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements. 

Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures 
in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, 
including fraud. The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud is 
detailed below.  

The extent to which the audit was considered capable of detecting irregularities including fraud 
Our  approach  to  identifying  and  assessing  the  risks  of  material  misstatement  in  respect  of  irregularities, 
including fraud and non-compliance with laws and regulations, was as follows: 

• 

the  senior  statutory  auditor  ensured  the  engagement  team  collectively  had  the  appropriate 
competence, capabilities and skills to identify or recognise non-compliance with applicable laws and 
regulations; 

•  we focused on specific laws and regulations which we considered may have a direct material effect on 

the financial statements or the operations of the Group. 

•  we assessed the extent of compliance with the laws and regulations identified above through making 

• 

enquiries of management and inspecting legal correspondence; and 
identified  laws  and  regulations  were  communicated  within  the  audit  team  regularly  and  the  team 
remained alert to instances of non-compliance throughout the audit. 

We assessed the susceptibility of the Group’s financial statements to material misstatement, including obtaining 

26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
an understanding of how fraud might occur, by: 

•  making enquiries of management as to where they considered there was susceptibility to fraud, their 

• 

knowledge of actual, suspected and alleged fraud; 
considering the internal controls in place to mitigate risks of fraud and non-compliance with laws and 
regulations. 

To address the risk of fraud through management bias and override of controls, we: 

• 
• 
• 

• 

performed analytical procedures to identify any unusual or unexpected relationships; 
tested journal entries to identify unusual transactions; 
assessed whether judgements and assumptions made in determining the accounting estimates set out 
in Note 4 were indicative of potential bias; 
investigated the rationale behind significant or unusual transactions. 

In response to the risk of irregularities and non-compliance with laws and regulations, we designed procedures 
which included, but were not limited to: 

• 
• 
• 
• 

agreeing financial statement disclosures to underlying supporting documentation; 
reading the minutes of meetings of those charged with governance; 
enquiring of management as to actual and potential litigation and claims; 
reviewing correspondence with the Group’s legal advisors. 

There  are  inherent  limitations  in  our  audit  procedures  described  above.  The  more  removed  that  laws  and 
regulations are from financial transactions, the less likely it is that we would become aware of non-compliance. 
Auditing standards also limit the audit procedures required to identify non-compliance with laws and regulations 
to enquiry of the directors and other management and the inspection of regulatory and legal correspondence, 
if any. 

Material misstatements that arise due to fraud can be harder to detect than those that arise from error as they 
may involve deliberate concealment or collusion. 

A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial 
Reporting Council’s website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. 

This description forms part of our auditor’s report.  

Use of this report 

This report is made solely to the Company's members, as a body, in accordance with our engagement letter. Our 
audit  work  has  been  undertaken  so  that  we  might  state  to  the  Company’s  members  those  matters  we  are 
required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, 
we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and the Company’s members as 
a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed. 

MAH, Chartered Accountants  
2nd Floor, 154 Bishopsgate, 
London, EC2M 4LN 

30 June 2023 

27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
28 

 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 
AS AT 31 December 2022 

EXPRESSED IN US DOLLARS 

ASSETS 
Non-current assets 
Intangible assets 
Investments 
Property, plant and equipment 

Loans Receivable 

Current assets 
Inventories 
Trade and other receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents 

TOTAL ASSETS 

LIABILITIES 
Non-current liabilities 
Deferred tax 
Provisions - rehabilitation 

Current liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
Borrowings 

TOTAL LIABILITIES 

NET ASSETS 

EQUITY 
Share capital 
Share based payment and warrant reserve 
Revaluation reserve 
Foreign currency translation reserve 
Accumulated loss 
Total equity attributed to the owners of the parent 
company 

Non-controlling interest 

Notes 

2022 
 $ 000  

2021 
 $ 000  

8 
9 
10 

11 

12 
13 
14 

26 
15 

16 
18 

19 
20 

7 

21 

4,739 
501 
35,997 
-  
41,237 

11 
180 
9,627 
9,818 
51,055 

-  
360 
360 

33,725 
180 
33,905 
34,265 

4,686 
8,342 
139 
859 
14,026 

-  
386 
940 
1,326 
15,352 

-  
360 
360 

556 
180 
736 
1,096 

16,790 

14,256 

70,951 
3,708 
711 
(13,150) 
(32,713) 

29,507 
(12,717) 

56,113 
2,366 
711 
(13,216) 
(19,513) 

26,461 
(12,205) 

TOTAL EQUITY 

16,790 

14,256 

These financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the Board on  30 June 2023 and are 
signed on its behalf. 

George Roach 
Chief Executive Officer 
The notes on pages 34 to 85 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.  

29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF PROFIT OR LOSS AND OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 
AS AT 31 December 2022 

Continuing operations 
EXPRESSED IN US DOLLARS 

Notes 

2022 
 $ 000  

2021 
 $ 000  

Revenue 
Cost of sales excluding depreciation and amortisation  

Gross profit / (loss) 
Administrative expenses 

Operating profit / (loss) 
Depreciation and amortisation 
Other Income 
Reversal of Impairment of Intangible assets -  
Zulu Lithium 

Finance charges 
Impairment loss for investments and loans receivable 

Profit / (Loss) before income tax 
Income tax expense 
Profit / (Loss) from continuing operations 

Loss for the year 
Other comprehensive income: 
Items that are or may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss: 

Foreign exchange loss on translation 

Fair Value adjustment on investments 

Total comprehensive income for the year 

Loss attributable to: 
Owners of the Company 
Non-controlling interests 

Total comprehensive income attributable to: 
Owners of the Company 
Non-controlling interests 

Total comprehensive income for the year 

22 

23 

24 

10 

22 

8 
25 
11 

26 

7 

9 

-  
-  

-  
-  

-  
(4,622) 

-  
(2,366) 

(4,622) 
(54) 
34 

(2,366) 
(14) 
133 

-  
-  
(1,161) 
(1,181) 
(5,803) 
-  
(5,803) 

4,563 
(18) 
-  
4,664 
2,298 
-  
2,298 

(5,803) 

2,298 

(2) 
(7,841) 
(7,843) 
(13,646) 

(148) 
-  
(148) 
2,150 

(5,359) 
(444) 
(5,803) 

2,736 
(438) 
2,298 

(13,134) 
(512) 

2,608 
(458) 

(13,646) 

2,150 

Loss per share attributable to owners of the parent (expressed in US cents) 
Basic loss per share 

27 

(0.03) 

0.01 

The notes on pages 34 to 85 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.. 

30 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 December 2022 

EXPRESSED IN US DOLLARS 
At 1 January 2021 
Loss for the period 
Other comprehensive income for the period 
Total comprehensive income for the period 
Transactions with Owners 
Issue of equity shares 
Share issue costs 
Warrant options cancelled 
Share based payments 
At 31 December 2021 
Loss for the period 
Other comprehensive income for the period 
Total comprehensive income for the period 
Transactions with Owners 
Issue of equity shares 
Share issue costs 
Warrant options cancelled 
Share based payments 
At 31 December 2022 

Share 
capital 
$ 000 

52,504  
-   
-   

-   

3,839  
(230) 
-   
-   

56,113  
-   
-   

-   

15,782  
(944) 
-   
-   

70,951  

Share option 
and warrant 
reserve 
$ 000 

Revaluation 
reserve 
$ 000 

Foreign 
currency 
translation 
reserve 
$ 000 

(13,088) 
-   
(128) 

(128) 

Accumulated 
loss 
$ 000 

(22,249) 
2,736  
-   

2,736  

-   
-   
-   
-   

-   
-   
-   
-   

(13,216) 
-   
66  

66  

(19,513) 
(5,359) 
(7,841) 

(13,200) 

-   
-   
-   
-   

-   
-   
-   
-   

Total 
attributable 
to owners of 
parent 
$ 000 

20,244  
2,736  
(128) 
2,608  

3,839  
(230) 
-   
-   
26,461  
(5,359) 
(7,775) 
(13,134) 

15,782  
(944) 
-   
1,342  
29,507  

Non-
controlling 
interest 
("NCI") 
$ 000 

(11,747) 
(438) 
(20) 

(458) 

-   
-   
-   
-   

(12,205) 
(444) 
(68) 

(512) 

-   
-   
-   
-   

(12,717) 

Total equity 
$ 000 

8,497  
2,298  
(148) 
2,150  

3,839  
(230) 
-   
-   
14,256  
(5,803) 
(7,843) 
(13,646) 

15,782  
(944) 
-   
1,342  
16,790  

711  
-   
-   

-   

-   
-   
-   
-   

711  
-   
-   

-   

-   
-   
-   
-   

711  

(13,150) 

(32,713) 

2,366  
-   
-   

-   

-   
-   
-   
-   

2,366  
-   
-   

-   

-   
-   
-   
1,342  

3,708  

The notes on pages 34 to 85 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.  

32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 December 2022 

EXPRESSED IN US DOLLARS 

Notes 

2022 
$ 000 

2021 
$ 000 

Net cash inflow / (outflow) from operating activities 

29 

30,116 

(2,564) 

Investing activities 

Acquisition of property plant and equipment 
Acquisition of intangible assets 
Loans advanced to investment 

Net cash used in investing activities 

Financing activities 
Proceeds from borrowings granted 
Net proceeds from issue of share capital 
Finance charges 

Net cash from financing activities 

Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 
Net cash and cash equivalents at end of year 

10 
8 
11 

18 
19 
25 

(35,912) 
(53) 
(302) 

(153) 
-  
(859) 

(36,267) 

(1,012) 

-  
14,838 
-  

14,838 

8,687 

940 
9,627 

180 
3,609 
-  

3,789 

213 

727 
940 

The notes on pages 34 to 85 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.  

33 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

1. 

Reporting entity 

Premier African Minerals Limited (‘Premier’ or ‘the Company’), together with its subsidiaries (the ‘Group’), was 
incorporated  in  the  Territory  of  the  British  Virgin  Islands  under  the  BVI  Business  Companies  Act,  2004.  The 
address of the registered office is Craigmuir Chambers, PO Box 71, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands. 

The  Group’s  operations  and  principal  activities  are  the  mining  and  development  of  mineral  reserves  on  the 
African continent.  

Premier’s shares were admitted to trading on the London Stock Exchange’s AIM market on 10 December 2012. 

2. 

Basis of accounting 

These  consolidated  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  International  Financial 
Reporting Standards (UK adopted International Accounting Standards). They were authorised for issue by the 
Company’s board of directors on 30 June 2023. 

Details of the Group’s accounting policies are detailed below. 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with UK adopted IFRS requires the use of certain critical 
accounting  estimates.  It  also  requires  management  to  exercise  its  judgement  in  the  process  of  applying  the 
Group’s accounting policies.  

The accounting policies set out below are applied consistent across the Group and to all periods presented in 
these consolidated financial statements. 

Functional and presentation currency 

The  Group’s  presentation  currency  and  the  functional  currency  of  the  majority  of  the  Group’s  entities  is 
US  dollars.  All  amounts  have  been  rounded  to  the  nearest  thousand,  unless  otherwise  indicated.  The 
Zimbabwean subsidiaries’ functional currency was changed by the Zimbabwean government from USD to RTGS 
dollar during the 2019 financial year. Refer to note 7 for detailed information. 

Use of judgements and estimates 

In  preparing  these  consolidated  financial  statements,  management  has  made  judgements,  estimates  and 
assumptions that affect the application of the Group’s accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, 
liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates.  

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to estimates are recognised 
prospectively.  

For details of the use of judgments and estimates refer to note 4 and detailed notes on the Intangible assets and 
goodwill (note 8), Investments (note 9), Property, plant and equipment (note 10), Inventories (note 12), Trade 
and other receivables (note 13), Provision for rehabilitation (note 15) and Share based payment and warrant 
reserve (note 20). 

3. 

Significant accounting policies 

3.1 

Change in significant accounting policies  

The  following  standards,  amendments  and  interpretations  are  new  and  effective  for  the  year  ended  31 
December  2022  and  have  been  adopted.  None  of  the  IFRS  standards  below  had  a  material  impact  on  the 
financial statements. 

34 

 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Reference 

Title 

Summary 

Application date of 
standard (Periods 
commencing on or 
after) 

IFRS 16 

Leases 

COVID-19  related  rent  concessions  Extension  of  the 
practical expedient 

1 April 2021 

IFRS 
4, 
IAS  7  and 
IFRS 16  

rate  benchmark 

Interest 
reform  –  Phase  2. 
The Phase 2 amendments address issues that arise from 
the  implementation  of  the  reforms,  including  the 
replacement of one benchmark with an alternative one. 
The Phase 2 amendments provide additional temporary 
reliefs  from  applying  specific  IAS  39  and  IFRS  9  hedge 
accounting  requirements  to  hedging  relationships 
directly affected by IBOR reform. 

Updating  a  reference  in  IFRS  3  to  the  Conceptual 
Framework  for  Financial  Reporting  without  changing 
business 
the 
combinations. 

requirements 

accounting 

for 

Prohibits  a  company  from  deducting  from  the  cost  of 
property, plant and equipment amounts received from 
selling items produced while the company is preparing 
the asset for its intended use. Instead, a company will 
recognise such sales proceeds and related cost in profit 
or loss. 

IFRS 3 

Business 
Combinations 

IAS 16 

Property,  Plant 
and Equipment 

IAS 37 

Provisions, 
contingent 
and 
liabilities 
contingent assets 

1 January 2021 

1 January 2022 

1 January 2022 

Specifies  which  costs  a  company 
assessing whether a contract will be loss-making. 

includes  when 

1 January 2022 

The  following  new  standards,  amendments  to  standards  and  interpretations  have  been  issued,  but  are  not 
effective for the year ended 31 December 2022 and have not been early adopted: 

Reference 

Title 

Summary 

IAS 1 

Presentation of 
Financial 
Statements 

Clarifies that liabilities are classified as either current or 
noncurrent,  depending  on  the  rights  that  exist  at  the 
end of the reporting period. Classification is unaffected 
by  the  expectations  of  the  entity  or  events  after  the 
reporting date (for example, the receipt of a waiver or a 
breach of covenant). The amendment also clarifies what 
IAS  1  means  when  it  refers  to  the  ‘settlement’  of  a 
liability. 

Application date of 
standard (Periods 
commencing on or 
after) 

1 January 2023 

35 

 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Reference 

Title 

Summary 

IAS 1 and 
IAS 8 

‘Presentation of 
Financial 
Statements’ and 
‘Accounting 
policies, changes 
in accounting 
estimates and 
errors’ 

IAS 12 

Deferred 
Taxation 

IFRS17 

Insurance 
contracts 

Amendments to improve accounting policy disclosures 
and  to  help  users  of  the  financial  statements  to 
distinguish  between  changes  in  accounting  estimates 
and changes in accounting policies. 

These  amendments  require  companies  to  recognise 
deferred tax on transactions that, on initial recognition 
give  rise  to  equal  amounts  of  taxable  and  deductible 
temporary differences. 

This standard replaces IFRS 4, which currently permits a 
wide  variety  of  practices  in  accounting  for  insurance 
contracts.  IFRS  17  will  fundamentally  change  the 
accounting by all entities that issue insurance contracts 
and 
discretionary 
participation features. 

contracts  with 

investment 

Application date of 
standard (Periods 
commencing on or 
after) 

1 January 2023 

1 January 2023 

1 January 2023 

The Directors anticipate that the adoption of these standards and the interpretations in future periods will not 
have a material impact on the financial statements of the Group. 

3.2 

Basis of consolidation 

Subsidiaries are all entities over which the Group has control. The Group controls an entity when it is exposed 
to, or has the rights to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those 
returns through its power over the entity. The existence and effect of potential voting rights that are currently 
exercisable or convertible are considered when assessing whether the Group controls another entity. The Group 
also assesses existence of control where it does not have more than 50% of the voting power but is able to 
govern the financial and operating policies by virtue of de-facto control. This is evidenced with RHA Tungsten 
(Private) Limited which the Group owns 49% of but is consolidated into the Group (note 4.7).  

Subsidiaries  are  consolidated,  using  the  acquisition  method,  from  the  date  that  control  is  gained  and  non-
controlling interests are apportioned on a proportional basis. 

When necessary, amounts reported by subsidiaries have been adjusted to conform to the Group’s accounting 
policies. 

3.3  

Business combinations and goodwill 

The Group applies the acquisition method to account for business combinations. The consideration transferred 
for the acquisition of a subsidiary is the fair values of the assets transferred, the liabilities incurred to the former 
owners of the acquiree, and the equity interests issued by the Group. The consideration transferred includes 
the fair value of any asset or liability resulting from a contingent consideration arrangement. Identifiable assets 
acquired and liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are measured initially at 
their fair values at the acquisition date.  

3.4 

Subsidiaries 

Subsidiaries are entities controlled by the Group. The Group controls an entity when it is exposed to, or has 
rights to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through 

36 

 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

its  power  over  the  entity.  The  financial  statements  of  subsidiaries  are  included  in  the  consolidated  financial 
statements from the date on which control commences until the date on which control ceases. 

3.5 

Non-controlling interests (“NCI”) 

Non-controlling interests are measured initially at their proportionate share of the acquiree’s identifiable net 
assets at the date of acquisition. 

Changes in the Group’s interest in a subsidiary that do not result in a loss of control are accounted for as equity 
transactions. 

3.6 

Transactions eliminated on consolidation 

Intra-group  balances  and  transactions,  and  any  unrealised  income  and  expenses  arising  from  intra-Group 
transactions,  are  eliminated.  Unrealised  gains  arising  from  transactions  with  equity  accounted  investees  are 
eliminated against the investment to the extent of the Group’s interest in the investee. Unrealised losses are 
eliminated in the same way as unrealised gains, but only to the extent that there is no evidence of impairment. 

3.7 

Foreign currency  

Transactions in foreign currencies are translated into the respective functional currencies of Group companies 
at the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions. 

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency at 
the exchange rate at the reporting date. Non-monetary assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value in a 
foreign  currency  are  translated  into  the  functional  currency  at  the  exchange  rate  when  the  fair  value  was 
determined. Non-monetary items that are measured based on historical cost in a foreign currency are translated 
at the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Foreign currency differences are generally recognised in 
profit or loss. 

The  assets  and  liabilities  of  foreign  operations,  including  goodwill  and  fair  value  adjustments  arising  on 
acquisition, are translated into dollars at the exchange rates at the reporting date. The income and expenses of 
foreign operations are translated into dollars at the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions. 
Foreign currency differences are recognised in Other Comprehensive Income (“OCI”) and accumulated in the 
translation reserve, except to the extent that the translation difference is allocated to NCI. 

Where the functional currency of a company is in a hyperinflationary economy IAS 29 Financial Reporting in 
Hyperinflationary Economies is applied. Under this standard the results are restated to reflect the current cost 
of the various elements of the financial statements. For the  Statement of comprehensive income the cost of 
sales and depreciation are recorded at current costs at the time of consumption; sales and other expenses are 
recorded  at  their  money  amounts  when  they  occurred.  Therefore  all  amounts  need  to  be  restated  into  the 
measuring unit current at the end of the reporting period by applying a general price index.  

Monetary items stated in the Statement of financial position that are stated at current cost are not restated 
because they are already expressed in terms of the measuring unit current at the end of the reporting period. 
All non-monetary items in the statement of financial position are restated by applying an index at the time of 
their acquisition to the reporting date. Any resulting  gain or loss on the net monetary position is included in 
profit or loss reserve.  

In accordance with IAS29, corresponding figures for the previous reporting period, whether they were based on 
a historical cost approach or a current cost approach, are restated by applying a general price index so that the 
comparative  financial  statements  are  presented  in  terms  of  the  measuring  unit  current  at  the  end  of  the 
reporting period. Information that is disclosed in respect of earlier periods is also expressed in terms of the 
measuring unit current at the end of the reporting period. 

When a foreign operation is disposed of in its entirety or partially such that control, significant influence or joint 
control is lost, the cumulative amount in the translation reserve related to that foreign operation is reclassified 
to profit or loss as part of the gain or loss on disposal. If the Group disposes of part of its interest in a subsidiary 
but retains control, then the relevant proportion of the cumulative amount is reattributed to NCI. When the 
Group disposes of only part of an associate or joint venture while retaining significant influence or joint control, 
the relevant proportion of the cumulative amount is reclassified to profit or loss. 

37 

 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

3.8 

Discontinued operation 

A discontinued operation is a component of the Group’s business, the operations and cash flows of which can 
be clearly distinguished from the rest of the Group and which: 

•  represents a separate major line of business or geographic area of operations; 
• 

is part of a single co-ordinated plan to dispose of a separate major line of business or geographic area of 
operations; or 
is a subsidiary acquired exclusively with a view to re-sale. 

• 

Classification as a  discontinued operation occurs at the earlier of disposal or when the operation  meets the 
criteria to be classified as held-for-sale. 

When an operation is classified as a discontinued operation, the comparative statement of profit or loss and OCI 
is re-presented as if the operation had been discontinued from the start of the comparative year. 

3.9 

Revenue 

Performance obligations and service recognition policies 

Revenue is measured based on the consideration specified in a contract with a customer in line with IFRS 15. 
The Group recognises revenue when it transfers control over of goods or services to a customer. 

The  following  table  provides  information  about  the  nature  and  timing  of  the  satisfaction  of  performance 
obligations  in  contracts  with  customers,  including  significant  payment  terms,  and  the  related  revenue 
recognition policies.  

Type of product/ 
service 

Nature and timing of satisfaction of performance 
obligations, including significant payment terms 

Revenue recognition under 
IFRS 15  

Revenue 

Wolframite sales 

Scrap sales 

Customers obtain control of the wolframite ore when 
the ore has been delivered to and have been accepted 
at their premises or the agreed point of delivery. 
Invoices are generated at that point in time based on 
the agreed upon weight of the ore. Invoices are 
generally payable within 30 days. No discounts are 
provided for.  

The sale of the ore is not subject to a return policy. 

Revenue is recognised when 
the goods are delivered and 
have been accepted by the 
customers at their premises 
or the agreed point of 
delivery. 

Customers obtain control of the scrap when the scrap 
has been delivered to and have been accepted at their 
premises or the agreed point of delivery. Invoices are 
generated at that point in time based upon the agreed 
upon weight of the scrap. Invoices are generally 
payable within 30 days. No discounts are provided for.  

Revenue is recognised when 
the goods are delivered and 
have been accepted by the 
customers at their premises 
or the agreed point of 
delivery. 

The sale of the scrap is not subject to a return policy. 

Reserve Bank of 
Zimbabwe Export 
Incentive 

The Export Incentive is provided on an individual basis 
and has to be applied for. It is based on the export 
sales of the company. As such the revenue from the 
RBZ is not guaranteed. 

The Group gains control 
over the export incentive 
when it is received in the 
Group’s bank accounts.  

Other Income 

38 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Type of product/ 
service 

Nature and timing of satisfaction of performance 
obligations, including significant payment terms 

Revenue recognition under 
IFRS 15  

Government Grants 

The Group has no control over the timing of the grants 
nor any payment terms.  

Prescription of debts  Management periodically reviews all outstanding 

payables and identifies any potential debts that may 
have prescribed. 

The Group gains control 
over the Government grant  
when it is received in the 
Group’s bank accounts.  

Debts are considered 
prescribed if the creditor 
has not claimed payment for 
a period in excess of the 
relevant prescription period. 

3.10 

Employee benefits 

Short-term employee benefits 

Short-term employee benefits are expensed as the related service is provided. A liability is recognised for the 
amount expected to be paid if the Group has a present legal or constructive obligation to pay this amount as a 
result of past service provided by the employee and the obligation can be estimated reliably. 

Share-based payment arrangements 

The Group operates an equity-settled share option plan and issues warrants from time to time either with direct 
subscriptions in equity or as finance related packages. The fair value of the service received in exchange for the 
grant of options or issue of warrants is recognised as an expense or recognised as a deduction from equity or an 
addition to intangible assets depending on the nature of the services received.  

Share-based payments are measured at fair value at the date of grant.  The fair value determined at the grant 
date of equity-settled share-based payments is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, based 
on the Group’s estimate of shares that will eventually vest.  

Fair value is measured by use of the Black Scholes model.  The expected life used in the model has been adjusted, 
based  on  management’s  best  estimate,  for  the  effects  of  non-transferability,  exercise  restrictions,  and 
behavioural considerations. 

Any adjustments are recognised through the profit and loss. The fair value is reassessed annually. 

3.11 

Finance income and finance costs 

The Group’s finance income and finance costs include: 

• 
• 
• 

interest income; 
Interest expense; 
dividend income; 

Interest income and expense is recognised using the effective interest method. Dividend income is recognised 
in profit or loss on the date on which the Group’s right to receive payment is established. 

The  “effective  interest  rate”  is  the  rate  that  exactly  discounts  estimated  future  cash  payments  or  receipts 
through the expected life of the financial instrument to: 

• 
• 

the gross carrying amount of the financial asset; or 
the amortised cost of the financial liability. 

In calculating interest income and expense, the effective interest rate is applied to the gross carrying amount of 
the asset (when the asset is not credit-impaired) or to the amortised cost of the liability. However, for financial 

39 

 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

assets  that  have  become  credit-impaired  subsequent  to  initial  recognition,  interest  income  is  calculated  by 
applying the effective interest rate to the amortised cost of the financial asset, if the asset is no-longer credit-
impaired, then the calculation of interest income reverts to the gross basis. 

3.12 

Income tax 

Income tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. It is recognised in profit or loss except to the extent 
that it relates to a business combination, or items recognised directly in equity or in OCI. 

3.12.1  Current tax 

Current tax comprises the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year and any 
adjustment to the tax payable or receivable in respect of previous years. The amount of current tax payable or 
receivable  is  the  best  estimate  of  the  tax  amount  expected  to  be  paid  or  received  that  reflects  uncertainty 
related to income taxes, if any. It is measured using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting 
date. Current tax also includes any tax arising from dividends. 

Current tax assets and liabilities are offset only if certain criteria are met. 

3.12.2  Deferred tax 

Deferred  tax  is  recognised  in  respect  of  temporary  differences  between  the  carrying  amounts  of  assets  and 
liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes. 

Deferred tax is not recognised for: 
•  temporary differences on the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business 

combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss; 

•  temporary differences related to investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint arrangements to the extent 
that the Group is able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences and it is probable 
that they will not  reverse in  the foreseeable  future; and  –– taxable temporary differences arising on the 
initial recognition of goodwill. 

Deferred  tax  assets  are  recognised  for  unused  tax  losses,  unused  tax  credits  and  deductible  temporary 
differences to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can 
be used. Future taxable profits are determined based on the reversal of relevant taxable temporary differences. 
If the amount of taxable temporary differences is insufficient to recognise a deferred tax asset in full, then future 
taxable profits, adjusted for reversals of existing temporary differences, are considered, based on the business 
plans for individual subsidiaries in the Group. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are 
reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realised; such reductions 
are reversed when the probability of future taxable profits improves. 

Unrecognised deferred tax assets are reassessed at each reporting date and recognised to the extent that it has 
become probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be used. 

Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to be applied to temporary differences when they 
reverse, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. 

The measurement of deferred tax reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which 
the Group expects, at the reporting date, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.  

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset only if certain criteria are met. 

3.13 

Intangible assets and goodwill  

All costs of Exploration and Evaluation (“E&E”) are initially capitalised as intangible assets, such as payments to 
acquire the legal right to explore, costs of technical services and studies, seismic acquisition, exploratory drilling 
and  testing.  The  costs  include  directly  attributable  overheads  together  with  the  cost  of  other  materials 
consumed during the exploration and evaluation phases.  

Costs incurred prior to having obtained the legal rights to explore an area are expensed directly to profit or loss 
as they are incurred. 

40 

 
 
 
  
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

E&E assets are not amortised. 

Intangible assets related to each exploration licence or pool of licences are carried forward, until the existence 
(or  otherwise)  of  commercial  reserves  has  been  determined.  Once  the  technical  feasibility  and  commercial 
viability of extracting a mineral resource is demonstrable, the related E&E assets are assessed for impairment 
on an individual licence or cost pool basis, as appropriate, as set out below and any impairment loss is recognised 
in profit or loss.  

The  Group  considers  each  licence,  or  where  appropriate,  a  pool  of  licences,  separately,  for  the  purposes  of 
determining whether impairment of E&E assets has occurred. 

Intangible assets are assessed for impairment when facts and circumstances suggest that the carrying amount 
may exceed its recoverable amount. Such indicators include, but are not limited to, those situations outlined in 
paragraph 20 of IFRS 6 Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources and include the point at which a 
determination is made as to whether or not commercial reserves exist.  

When impairment indicators exist, the aggregate carrying value is compared against the expected recoverable 
amount, generally by reference to the present value of the future net cash flows expected to be derived from 
production of commercial reserves.  

When a licence or pool of licences is abandoned or there is no planned future work, the costs associated with 
the respective licences are written off in full and recognised in profit or loss. 

Any impairment loss is recognised in profit or loss and separately disclosed.  

3.14 

Impairment 

3.14.1  Non-derivative financial assets 

Credit-impaired financial assets 

At each reporting date, the Group assesses whether financial assets carried at amortised cost and debt securities 
at  FVOCI  are  credit-impaired.  A  financial  asset  is  “credit-impaired”  when  one  or  more  events  that  have  a 
detrimental impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial assets have occurred. 

Evidence that a financial asset is credit-impaired includes the following observable data: 

• 
• 
• 

• 
• 

significant financial difficulty of the borrower or issuer; 
a breach of contract such as a default or being more than 90 days past due; 
the restructuring of a loan or advance by the Group on terms that the Group would not consider 
otherwise; 
it is probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or other financial reorganisation; or 
the disappearance of an active market for a security because of financial difficulties. 

A 12 months approach is followed in determining the Expected Credit Loss (“ECL”).  

Presentation of allowance for ECL in the statement of financial position 

Loss allowances for financial assets measured at amortised cost are deducted from the gross carrying amount 
of the assets. 

For debt securities at FVOCI, the loss allowance is charged to profit or loss and is recognised in OCI. 

Write-off 

The gross carrying amount of a financial asset is written off when the Group has no reasonable expectations of 
recovering a financial asset in its entirety or a portion thereof. For corporate customers, the Group individually 
makes an assessment with respect to the timing and amount of write-off based on whether there is a reasonable 
expectation of recovery from the amount written off. However, financial assets that are written off could still 
be subject to enforcement activities in order to comply with the Group’s procedures of recovery of the amounts 
due. 

41 

 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

3.14.2  Financial assets measured at amortised cost  

The Group considers evidence of impairment for these assets at both an individual asset and a collective level. 
All individually significant assets are individually assessed for impairment. Those found not to be impaired are 
then collectively assessed for any impairment that has been incurred but not yet individually identified. Assets 
that are not individually significant are collectively assessed for impairment. Collective assessment is carried out 
by grouping together assets with similar risk characteristics. 

In assessing collective impairment, the Group uses historical information on the timing of recoveries and the 
amount of loss incurred, and makes an adjustment if current economic and credit conditions are such that the 
actual losses are likely to be greater or lesser than suggested by historical trends. 

An impairment loss is calculated as the difference between an asset’s carrying amount and the present value of 
the estimated future cash flows discounted at the asset’s original effective interest rate. Losses are recognised 
in profit or loss and reflected in an allowance account. When the Group considers that there are no realistic 
prospects  of  recovery  of  the  asset,  the  relevant  amounts  are  written  off.  If  the  amount  of  impairment  loss 
subsequently decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment 
was recognised, then the previously recognised impairment loss is reversed through profit or loss. 

3.14.3  Available for sale financial asset  

Impairment losses on available-for-sale financial assets are recognised, only when fair value is less than carrying 
value and this is significant over a prolonged period, by reclassifying the losses accumulated in the fair value 
reserve  to  profit  or  loss.  The  amount  reclassified  is  the  difference  between  the  acquisition  cost  (net  of  any 
principal repayment and amortisation) and the current fair value, less any impairment loss previously recognised 
in profit or loss. 

3.14.4  Non-financial assets 

At  each  reporting  date,  the  Group  reviews  the  carrying  amounts  of  its  non-financial  assets  (other  than 
inventories) to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the 
asset’s recoverable amount is estimated. Goodwill is tested annually for impairment. 

For  impairment  testing,  assets  are  grouped  together  into  the  smallest  group  of  assets  that  generates  cash 
inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or CGUs. Goodwill 
arising from a business combination is allocated to CGUs or groups of CGUs that are expected to benefit from 
the synergies of the combination. 

The recoverable amount of an asset or CGU is the greater of its value in use and its fair value less cost of disposal. 
Value  in  use  is  based  on  the  estimated  future  cash  flows,  discounted  to  their  present  value  using  a  pre-tax 
discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the 
asset or CGU. 
An impairment loss is recognised if the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount. 

Impairment losses are recognised in profit or loss. They are allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any 
goodwill allocated to the CGU, and then to reduce the carrying amounts of the other assets in the CGU on a pro 
rata basis. 

An impairment loss in respect of goodwill is not reversed. For other assets, an impairment loss is reversed only 
to  the  extent  that  the  asset’s  carrying  amount  does  not  exceed  the  carrying  amount  that  would  have  been 
determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment loss had been recognised. 

3.15  

Cash and cash equivalents 

The Cash and cash equivalents comprises of cash at bank, cash on hand and other highly liquid investments with 
short  term  maturities.  Cash  and  cash  equivalents  are  measured  at  amortised  cost.  For  the  purposes  of  the 
Statement of Cash Flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and cash equivalents as defined above, net 
of outstanding bank overdrafts. 

42 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

3.16 

Inventory 

Inventory is measured at the lower of cost and net realisable value. The cost of inventories is based on the first-
in,  first-out  principle.  The  cost  of  inventories  includes  the  cost  of  consumables  and  cost  of  production.  Net 
realisable  value  is  the  estimated  selling  price  in  the  ordinary  course  of  business,  less  the  estimated  costs  of 
completion and selling expenses. 

Inventory consists of mining consumables. 

3.17 

Property, plant and equipment 

Recognition and measurement 

Items of property, plant and equipment are measured at cost, which includes capitalised borrowing costs, less 
accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses.  

If  significant  parts  of  an  item  of  property,  plant  and  equipment  have  different  useful  lives,  then  they  are 
accounted for as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment. 

Any gain or loss on disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment is recognised in profit or loss. 

Subsequent expenditure 

Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with 
the expenditure will flow to the Group. 

Depreciation 

Depreciation is calculated to write off the cost of items of property, plant and equipment less their estimated 
residual values using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, and is generally recognised in 
profit or loss. Leased assets are depreciated over the shorter of the lease term and their useful lives unless it is 
reasonably certain that the Group will obtain ownership by the end of the lease term. Land is not depreciated. 

The estimated useful lives of property, plant and equipment for current and comparative periods are as follows: 

• 

Land – indefinite useful life 

•  Buildings – 10 years 

• 

Plant & equipment – 4/6 years 

•  Mine development - depreciated over the life of the mine, currently assessed at 10 years  

Depreciation  methods,  useful  lives  and  residual  values  are  reviewed  at  each  reporting  date  and  adjusted  if 
appropriate. 

3.18  

Financial instruments 

The  Group  classifies  non-derivative  financial  assets  into  the  following  categories:  loans  and  receivables  and 
FVTPL and FVTOCI financial assets. 

The Group classifies non-derivative financial liabilities into the following category: other financial liabilities. 

3.18.1  Non-derivative financial assets and financial liabilities – Recognition and derecognition 

The Group initially recognises loans and receivables on the date when they are originated. All other financial 
assets and financial liabilities are initially recognised on the trade date when the entity becomes a party to the 
contractual provisions of the instrument. 

The Group derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or 
it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks 
and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred, or it neither transfers nor retains substantially 
all of the risks and rewards of ownership and does not retain control over the transferred asset. Any interest in 
such derecognised financial assets that is created or retained by the Group is recognised as a separate asset or 
liability. 

43 

 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

The  Group  derecognises  a  financial  liability  when  its  contractual  obligations  are  discharged  or  cancelled  or 
expire. Gains or losses on derecognition of financial liabilities are recognised in profit or loss as a finance charge. 

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset, and the net amount presented in the statement of financial 
position when, and only when, the Group currently has a legally enforceable right to offset the amounts and 
intends either to settle them on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. 

3.18.2 

Loans and receivables- Measurement  

These assets are initially measured at fair value plus any directly attributable transaction costs. Subsequent to 
initial recognition, they are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. 

3.18.3  Assets at FVOCI - Measurement 

These assets are initially measured at fair value plus any directly attributable transaction costs. Subsequent to 
initial  recognition,  they  are  measured  at  fair  value  and  changes  therein,  other  than  impairment  losses,  are 
recognised in OCI and accumulated in the revaluation reserve. 

When these assets are derecognised, the gain or loss accumulated in equity is reclassified to profit or loss. 

3.18.4  Non-derivative financial liabilities – Measurement 

Other  non-derivative  financial  liabilities  are  initially  measured  at  fair  value  less  any  directly  attributable 
transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, these liabilities are measured at amortised cost using the 
effective interest method. 

3.18.5  Convertible loan notes and derivative financial instruments 

The presentation and measurement of loan notes for accounting purposes is governed by IAS 32 and IAS 39. 
These standards require the loan notes to be separated into two components: 

•  A derivative liability, and  
•  A debt host liability. 

This is because the loan notes are convertible into an unknown number of shares, therefore failing the ‘fixed-
for-fixed’ criterion under IAS 32. This requires the ‘underlying option component’ of the loan note to be valued 
first (as an embedded derivative), with the residual of the face value being allocated to the debt host liability 
(refer financial liabilities policy above). 

Compound financial instruments issued by the Group comprise convertible notes denominated in dollars that 
can be converted to ordinary shares at the option of the holder, when the number of shares to be issued is fixed 
and does not vary with changes in fair value. 

The liability component of compound financial instruments is initially recognised at the fair value of a similar 
liability  that  does not  have  an  equity  conversion  option.  The  equity  component  is  initially  recognised  at  the 
difference between the fair value of the compound financial instrument as a whole and the fair value of the 
liability  component.  Any  directly  attributable  transaction  costs  are  allocated  to  the  liability  and  equity 
components in proportion to their initial carrying amounts. 

Subsequent to initial recognition, the liability component of a compound financial instrument is measured at 
amortised cost using the effective interest method. The equity component of a compound financial instrument 
is not remeasured. 

Interest related to the financial liability is recognised in profit or loss. On conversion at maturity, the financial 
liability is reclassified to equity and no gain or loss is recognised. 

3.19 

Provisions - Rehabilitation 

Provisions are recognised when the Group has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past 
event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the 
obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. 

44 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

An  obligation  to  incur  environmental  restoration,  rehabilitation  and  decommissioning  costs  arises  when 
disturbance is caused by the development or on-going production of a mining property. Such costs arising from 
the  decommissioning  of  plant  and  other  site  preparation  work,  discounted  to  their  net  present  value,  are 
provided for and capitalised at the start of each project, as soon as the obligation to incur such costs arises. 
These costs are recognised in profit or loss over the life of the operation, through the depreciation of the asset 
and the unwinding of the discount on the provision. Costs for restoration of subsequent site damage which is 
created on an ongoing basis during production are provided for at their net present values and recognised in 
profit or loss as extraction progresses.  

Changes in the measurement of a liability relating to the decommissioning of plant or other site preparation 
work (that result from changes in the estimated timing or amount of the cash flow, or a change in the discount 
rate) are added to or deducted from the cost of the related asset in the current period. If a decrease in the 
liability exceeds the carrying amount of the asset, the excess is recognised immediately in profit or loss. If the 
asset  value  is  increased  and  there  is  an  indication  that  the  revised  carrying  value  is  not  recoverable,  an 
impairment test is performed in accordance with the accounting policy above. 

Provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows at a pre-tax rate that reflects current 
market  assessments  of  the  time  value  of  money  and  the  risks  specific  to  the  liability.  The  unwinding  of  the 
discount is recognised as finance cost in profit or loss. 

3.20 

Equity 

Equity comprises the following: 

•  Share capital - ordinary shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of 

new shares or options are shown in equity as a deduction, net of tax, from the proceeds. 
•  Share-options and warrant reserve - represents equity-settled share-based payments.  
•  Accumulated loss represents retained profits less retained losses. 
•  Revaluation  reserve  represents  the  difference  between  the  nominal  value  of  shares  issued  by  the 
Company  to  the  shareholders  of  ZimDiv  Holdings  Limited  (“Zimdiv”)  and  the  nominal  value  of  the 
ZimDiv shares taken in exchange.  

•  Non-controlling  interests  represents  the  share  of  retained  profits  less  retained  losses  of  the  non-

controlling interests.   

•  Foreign  currency  translation  reserve  represents  the  other  comprehensive  income  gains  or  losses 
arising  on  the  conversion  of  the  functional  currencies  of  the  subsidiaries  to  th e  holding  company’s 
functional currency of USD. 

3.21 

Leases 

Determining whether an arrangement contains a lease. 
At inception of an arrangement, the Group determines whether the arrangement is or contains a lease. 

At inception or on reassessment of an arrangement that contains a lease, the Group separates payments and 
other consideration required by the arrangement into those for the lease and those for other elements on the 
basis of their relative fair values. If the Group concludes for a finance lease that it is impracticable to separate 
the payments reliably, then an asset and a liability are recognised at an amount equal to the fair value of the 
underlying asset; subsequently, the liability is reduced as payments are made and an imputed finance cost on 
the liability is recognised using the Group’s incremental borrowing rate. 

Assets held under leases are recognised as assets of the Group at the fair value at the inception of the lease or, 
if  lower,  at  the  present  value  of  the  minimum  lease  payments.  Lease  payments  are  apportioned  between 
interest expense and capital redemption of the liability. Interest is recognised immediately in the statement of 
comprehensive income unless attributable to qualifying assets, in which case they are capitalised to the cost of 
those assets. 

Exemptions are applied for short life leases and low value assets made under operating leases charged to the 
statement of comprehensive income on a straight line basis over the period of the lease. 

45 

 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Payments made under non-capitalised leases are recognised in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the 
term of the lease. Lease incentives received are recognised as an integral part of the total lease expense, over 
the term of the lease. 

Minimum  lease  payments  made  are  apportioned  between  the  finance  expense  and  the  reduction  of  the 
outstanding liability. The finance expense is allocated to each period during the lease term so as to produce a 
constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. 

3.22 

Operating segments  

Segmental information is provided for the Group on the basis of information reported internally to the chief 
operating decision-maker for decision-making purposes. The Group considers that the role of chief operating 
decision-maker is performed by the Group’s board of directors.   

4. 

Significant accounting judgements, estimates and assumptions 

In  preparing  these  consolidated  financial  statements,  management  has  made  judgements,  estimates  and 
assumptions that affect the application of the Group’s accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, 
liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates. 
Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to estimates are recognised 
prospectively. 

4.1.  

Judgements 

Information about judgements made in applying accounting policies that have  the most significant effects on 
the amounts recognised in the consolidated financial statements is included in the following notes: 

-  Note 4.7 - consolidation: whether the Group has de facto control over an investee; and 
-  Note 15 - leases: whether an arrangement contains a lease. 

4.2. 

 Assumptions and estimation uncertainties 

Information about assumptions and estimation uncertainties that have a significant risk of resulting in a material 
adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the year ended 31 December 2022 is included 
in the following notes: 

•  Note  26  -  recognition  of  deferred  tax  assets:  availability of  future  taxable  profit  against  which  tax  losses 

carried forward can be used; 

•  Note  4.4  -  Recoverability  of  exploration  and  evaluation  assets:  key  assumptions  underlying  recoverable 

amounts; 

•  Note  4.5  -  Recoverability  of  RHA  Cash-Generating  Unit  “CGU”:  key  assumptions  underlying  recoverable 

amounts; 

•  Note  17  –  recognition  and  measurement  of  provisions  and  contingencies:  key  assumptions  about  the 

likelihood and magnitude of an outflow of resources; and 

•  Note 20 – share based payments assumptions regarding the various inputs into the Black Scholes model used 

to determine the option value.  

4.3.   Measurement of fair values 

A number of the Group’s accounting policies and disclosures require the measurement of fair values, for both 
financial and non-financial assets and liabilities. 

When measuring the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Group uses observable market data as far as possible. 
Fair values are categorised into different levels in a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in the valuation 
techniques as follows. 

•  Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. 
•  Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either 

directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices). 

46 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

•  Level 3: inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs). 

If the inputs used to measure the fair value of an asset or a liability fall into different levels of the fair value 
hierarchy,  then  the  fair  value  measurement  is  categorised  in  its  entirety  in  the  same  level  of  the  fair  value 
hierarchy as the lowest level input that is significant to the entire measurement. 

The Group recognises transfers between levels of the fair  value hierarchy at the end of the reporting period 
during which the change occurred. 

 Further information about the assumptions made in measuring fair values is included in the following notes: 

•  Note 20 - share-based payment arrangements; 
•  Note 30 - financial instruments. 

4.4 

Recoverability of exploration and evaluation assets 

Determining whether an exploration and evaluation asset is impaired requires an assessment of whether there 
are any indicators of impairment, including by reference to specific impairment indicators prescribed in IFRS 6 
Exploration  for  and  Evaluation  of  Mineral  Resources.    If  there  is  any  indication  of  potential  impairment,  an 
impairment test is required based on value in use of the asset or fair value less cost to sell.  

The carrying amount of exploration and evaluation assets at 31 December 2022 amounted to $4,739 million 
(2021: $4.566 million). Refer to note 8 for the assumptions used.  

4.5 

Recoverability of RHA Cash-Generating Unit “CGU” 

Determining  whether  a  CGU  is  impaired  requires  an  assessment  of  whether  there  are  any  indicators  of 
impairment, including by reference to specific impairment indicators prescribed in IAS36 Impairment of Assets. 
If there is any indication of potential impairment, an impairment test is required based on the greater of fair 
value less cost  of disposal, and, value in use of the asset. The value in use calculation requires the entity to 
estimate the future cash flows expected to arise from the cash-generating unit and a suitable discount rate in 
order to calculate the present value.  

During  2017  the  operating  losses  at  RHA  were  higher  than  predicted  due  to  operations  in  the  open  pit  and 
underground failing to deliver both the ore volumes and the anticipated grade.  The operating losses are an 
indicator  of  potential  impairment.  In  December  2017,  due  to  the  lower  ore  delivery,  anticipated  grade  and 
operating losses, the Board of Directors decided to place the RHA Tungsten mine under care and maintenance.  

As a result, management completed an impairment review. 

The impairment review concluded that four months further capex will be required in order to open the existing 
underground mining of 6 000 tons per month run of mine ore. Concurrently additional plant upgrades and a 
connection to the national grid would result in a 40 000 ton per month run of mine ore operation. A further 
option to construct a new decline vehicle access was not considered during this review.  

Key assumptions used in calculating the initial impairment included:  

•  7 265  mtu concentrate production per month; 10 year  mine plan; APT price of  $275 per metric ton unit 

(‘mtu’);  

•  20% discount rate; and a zero growth rate in operating cash flow after the plant is fully operational, forecast 
to be for the full year 2019. Other key factors include attainment of forecast grade as set out in our resource 
statement and plant operating parameters being achieved.  

•  The  XRT  sorter  installation  is  a  significant  element  in  increasing  confidence  in  RHA  in  that  70%  of  the 
anticipated run of mine feed target of 40 000 ton per month is passed through the sorter, which is able to 
recover approximately 90% of the mineralisation in a mass pull of some 5%.  

•  The model assumes annual revenues of $13.1m from 2020.  Revenue generation is dependent on a number 
of inter-linked assumptions and a  combination of negative changes in those assumptions would result  in 
further impairment charges.   

As the mine is not operating, these assumptions were not revisited and the mine remains fully impaired.  

47 

 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Sensitivity  analysis  was  conducted  on  the  volume,  grade,  concentrate  production  per  month  and  APT  price 
assumptions in the model.  

The management of RHA continue to engage with NIEEF about the future of RHA. 

4.6 

Estimation of useful life for mine assets 

Mine assets are depreciated /amortised on a straight-line basis over the life of the mine concerned.  Judgement 
is applied in assessing the mine’s useful life and in the case of RHA, the Group’s only operating concern, is based 
on the initial Preliminary Economic Assessment (‘PEA’) first published in August 2013 that initially modelled an 
8 year life of mine. The life of mine reassessed annually based on levels of production. 

4.7 

Basis of consolidation 

RHA  

During  2013,  Premier  concluded  a  shareholders’  agreement  with  NIEEF  whereby  NIEEF  acquired  51%  of  the 
shares of RHA. The principal terms of the agreement are as follows: 

•  ZimDiv Holdings Limited (‘ZimDiv’), a wholly owned subsidiary, is appointed as the Manager of the project 

for an initial 5 year term. 

•  On 7 May 2019 ZimDiv were reappointed as the manager for another 5 year term. 
•  ZimDiv has marketing rights to the product. 
•  Each shareholder can appoint  up to two directors each, with a  5th director who is rotated between each 

shareholder. The 5th director will not have a vote. 

•  Although the local Zimbabwean company is responsible for financing and repayment of such. Premier has 

secured the funding to advance RHA to production. 

•  There has been no operational change since the agreements were signed and Premier continues to fund RHA 

until it becomes cash generative.     

At the financial year-end, two directors of RHA were from the Premier Group and three directors from NIEEF. 
There is no majority vote at board level and Premier still retains operational and management control through 
its shareholders’ agreement. Following the assessment, the Directors concluded that Premier, through its wholly 
owned subsidiary ZimDiv, retained control and should continue to consolidate 100% of RHA and recognise non-
controlling interests of 51% in the consolidated financial statements.  

4.8 

Valuations  

• 

• 

Investments  – Premier’s investment in Vortex Ltd (formerly Circum Minerals Ltd) is classified as an FVOCI as 
such is required to be measured at fair value at the reporting date. As Vortex is unlisted there are no quoted 
market prices. In previous years the fair value of the Vortex shares was derived using the most recent placing 
price. The Fair value of the Vortex shares as at 31 December 2022 was derived using the most recent placing 
price in 30 December 2022.  
Investments  – Premier’s investment in MNH is classified as an FVOCI as such is required to be measured at 
fair value at the reporting date. As MNH is unlisted there are no quoted market prices. The Fair value of the 
MNH  shares  as  at  31  December  2022  was  derived  using  the  30  June  2022  management  accounts  which 
reflected a loss before taxation of $5.9million. Based upon those management accounts, the investment in 
MNH was fully impaired.  

•  Valuation of warrants, share options and ordinary shares issued as consideration – judgement is applied in 
determining appropriate assumptions to be used in calculating the fair value of the warrants, shares and 
share options issued. Refer accounting policy note and note 20.  

•  Provision for Rehabilitation - A provision is recognised for site rehabilitation and decommissioning of current 
mining activities based on current environmental and regulatory requirements. The net present value of the 
provision is calculated at a discount rate of 10% over an 8 year life of mine. No mining took place during the 
year,  therefore  the  remaining  life  of  the  mine  was  not  adjusted  and  resulted  in  no  movement  in  the 
rehabilitation provision. 

•  The life of mine has subsequently been reassessed to a total of 10 years. The corresponding rehabilitation 
assets were capitalised to property, plant and equipment and is depreciated over the life of the mine.  

48 

 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

5. 

Going Concern 

These  consolidated  financial  statements  are  prepared  on  the  going  concern  basis.  The  going  concern  basis 
assumes that the Group will continue in operation for the foreseeable future and will be able to realise its assets 
and discharge its liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business.  

The Group has an operating loss from continuing operations amounting to $5.803 million (2021: profit of $2.298 
million) and positive cash flows from operations amounting to $30.116 million for the year ended 31 December 
2022 (2021: negative cash flows amounting to $2.564 million). The Group advanced Zulu through the EPO and 
the continuation of a Definitive Feasibility Study, by commencing construction of a pilot plant and development 
of the lithium ore resource. As part of the DFS, a pilot plant is being constructed and an off-take agreement has 
been concluded with Canmax (formerly Suzhou TA&A Ultraclean Technology Co. Ltd) with production and sale 
of spodumene concentrate expected in June 2023. Additionally, the Group continued with its external partners 
joint venture processes described above in this report and explored new opportunities to diversify and mitigate 
general risks associated with its Zimbabwe based projects.  

As at 31 December 2022, current liabilities exceeded current assets by $24.087 million (2021:  current assets 
exceeded current liabilities by $0.590 million). The Group raised $14.838 million (2021: $3.609 million) in net 
funding through share subscriptions to fund the construction of Zulu pilot plant and extend the Zulu EPO and 
DFS,  general  group  maintenance  and  preservation  of  assets  and  to  investigate  and  assess  potential 
diversification, through potential investments in cash generating assets, as discussed above.   

The Directors have prepared cash flow forecasts for the period ending 30 June 2026, on the basis of the following 
considerations. 

RHA 

• 

Zulu 

The Company has not funded any of the activities at RHA since 1 July 2019, apart from essential care 
and maintenance costs. 

• 

• 

Zulu is now commissioned with ongoing works on the optimisation of the pilot plant and process 
procedures to achieve nameplate throughput continuing with Stark International Projects Limited 
who remain the operator of the pilot plant. 
 Subject to completion of further pilot plant upgrades as part of the optimisation process, Zulu has the 
potential to fully support all cash flow projections.   

MNH 

• 

The Company has received the June 2022 unaudited management accounts which reflects a loss of 
NS106.986 millions ($5.96 million). The December 2021 management accounts reflects a loss of 
N$45.6 million ($3 million). 

The Group  

•  During 2022 the Group issued 3,000,000,000 shares at an average price of 0.40p per share raising a 
total of $14.838 million. This cash is being used to continue with the Zulu DFS and EPO exploration. As 
part of the DFS a pilot plant and associated mine development was undertaken.  
In May 2023 the options issued in 2017 were exercised raising £550,382 for the Group. 
Further in May 2023, direct equity raised £2,369,500 before expenses for the Group. 
The Company has the general authority to issue shares on a pre-emptive basis such as an open offer or 
rights issue to secure funding to support cash flow projections. 

• 
• 
• 

49 

 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

• 

• 

• 

In June 2023, the Company received a purported notice of termination of the Offtake Agreement 
from Canmax following service of a Notice of Force Majeure on Canmax on the 25 June 2023. The 
notice of termination requires the Company to settle the prepayment amount of $34.7m within 90 
days, however the Company has been advised that this notice of termination has no force or effect. 
The Company will use its reasonable endeavours to work with CanMax during the period of Force 
Majeure to seek a remedy, however any dispute pertaining to the Offtake Agreement (including the 
Force Majeure) will be resolved in Singapore through arbitration which is expected to take over 12 
months for the matter to be both heard and adjudicated on based on the nature of the dispute.  
Should the Company be unable to resolve the status with Canmax or no other party concludes an 
offtake agreement on terms considered fair and reasonable to Premier shareholders as a whole, then 
the Board does consider that there are alternative funding options available to the Company to 
support the cash flow projections based on the underlying value of the Company's assets and the 
Company's proven track record of securing funds on the public market. 

In the event that the Company is unable to either resolve the status of Canmax or find an alternative offtake 
and marketing partner to settle the CanMax prepayment amount plus interest and Zulu fails to meet its 
revised production targets, then a material uncertainty exists which may cast significant doubt on the ability 
of the Company to continue as a going concern and therefore be unable to realise its assets and settle its 
liabilities in the normal course of business. 

6. 

Operating segments 

The  Group  has  the  following  three  reportable  segments  that  are  managed  separately  due  to  the  different 
jurisdictions.  

Segmental results, assets and liabilities include items directly attributable to a segment as well as those that can 
be allocated on a reasonable basis.  

Reportable segments 
RHA and RHA Mauritius 
Zulu and Zulu Mauritius 
Head office 

Operations 
Development and mining of Wolframite 
Development of Lithium and Tantalite  
General administration and control 

50 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

By operating segment 
2022 

Result 
Revenue  
Operating loss / (income) 
Other income 
Finance charges 
Impairment of investments and  
loans receivable 

Loss before taxation 
Assets 
Exploration and evaluation assets 
Investments  
Property, plant and equipment 
Loans receivable 
Inventories 
Trade and other receivables 
Cash 
Total assets 
Liabilities 
Borrowings 
Bank overdraft 
Trade and other payables 
Provisions 
Total liabilities 
Net assets  

Other information 
Depreciation and amortisation 
Property plant and equipment 
additions 
Costs capitalised to intangible assets 

RHA Tungsten 
Mine 
Zimbabwe and 
RHA 
Mauritius* 
$ 000 

Exploration 
Zulu Lithium 
Zimbabwe and 
Zulu Mauritius 
$ 000 

Unallocated 
Corporate 
$ 000 

Total 
continued 
operations 
$ 000 

-  
213 
-  

-  

-  
213 

-  
-  
-  
-  
-  
3 
12 
15 

-  
-  
-  
(360) 
(360) 
(345) 

-  
-  

-  

-  
689 
(34) 

-  

-  
655 

4,563 
-  
35,934 
-  
11 
112 
377 
40,997 

-  
-  
67 
-  
67 
41,064 

-  
4,676 
(34) 

-  

1,161 
5,803 

4,739 
501 
35,997 
-  
11 
180 
9,627 
51,055 

(180) 
-  
(33,725) 
(360) 
(34,265) 
16,790 

47 
35,841 

54 
35,911 

-  

53 

-  
3,774 
-  

-  

1,161 
4,935 

176 
501 
63 
-  
-  
65 
9,238 
10,043 

(180) 
-  
(33,792) 
-  
(33,972) 
(23,929) 

7 
70 

53 

51 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

By operating segment 
2021 

Result 
Revenue  
Operating loss / (income) 
Other income 
Finance charges 
Reversal of Impairment of Zulu 

Loss before taxation 
Assets 
Exploration and evaluation assets 
Investments  
Property, plant and equipment 
Loans receivable 
Inventories 
Trade and other receivables 
Cash 
Total assets 
Liabilities 
Borrowings 
Bank overdraft 
Trade and other payables 
Provisions 
Total liabilities 
Net assets  

Other information 
Depreciation and amortisation 
Property plant and equipment 
additions 
Costs capitalised to intangible assets 

RHA Tungsten 
Mine 
Zimbabwe and 
RHA 
Mauritius* 
$ 000 

Exploration 
Zulu Lithium 
Zimbabwe and 
Zulu Mauritius 
$ 000 

Unallocated 
Corporate 
$ 000 

Total 
continued 
operations 
$ 000 

-  
1,543 
(122) 

-  
-  
1,421 

123 
8,342 
-  
859 
-  
11 
919 
10,254 

(180) 
-  
(556) 
-  
(736) 
9,518 

-  
-  

123 

-  
102 
(10) 

18 
-  
110 

-  
-  
-  
-  
-  
5 
2 
7 

-  
-  
-  
(360) 
(360) 
(353) 

-  
-  

-  

-  
734 
-  

-  
(4,563) 
(3,829) 

4,563 
-  
139 
-  
-  
370 
19 
5,091 

-  
-  
-  
-  
-  
5,091 

14 
154 

-  

-  
2,379 
(132) 

18 
(4,563) 
(2,298) 

4,686 
8,342 
139 
859 
-  
386 
940 
15,352 

(180) 
-  
(556) 
(360) 
(1,096) 
14,256 

14 
154 

123 

*Represents 100% of the results and financial position of RHA Tungsten (Private) Limited (“RHA”) whereas the 
Group owns 49%. Non-controlling interests are disclosed in note 21. 

RHA Revenue is generated from sales to Noble Minerals, in line with RHA’s off-take agreement. 

52 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

7. 

Hyper-inflationary accounting 

In terms of IAS29, Hyperinflation is indicated by characteristics of the economic environment of a country which 
include, but are not limited to, the following: 

a) 

b) 

c) 

d) 
e) 

the general population prefers to keep its wealth in non‑monetary assets or in a relatively stable foreign 
currency. Amounts of local currency held are immediately invested to maintain purchasing power; 
the general population regards monetary amounts not in terms of the local currency but in terms of a 
relatively stable foreign currency. Prices may be quoted in that currency; 
sales and purchases on credit take place at prices that compensate for the expected loss of purchasing 
power during the credit period, even if the period is short;  
interest rates, wages and prices are linked to a price index; and  
the cumulative inflation rate over three years is approaching, or exceeds, 100%. 

As  stated  in  the  2018  annual  financial  statements,  with  effect  of  the  21st  of  February  2019  Zimbabwe 
implemented the Real Time Gross Settlement of US Dollars (“RTGS”) at an official exchange rate of 1:1. At that 
time the official inflation rate was 0%. At the year end the official exchange rate has moved to RTGS 684.3339: 
$1 (2021: RTGS 108.6660 : $1) whilst the official inflation rate has moved to 105.50% (2021: 60.70%) on a year 
on  year  basis.  The  table  below  details  the  exchange  rates  and 
inflation  rates,  as  published  by 
https://tradingeconomics.com/zimbabwe/inflation-cpi,  on  a  monthly  basis  for  the  year  ended  31  December 
2022. 

Inflation Rate 
2022 

Exchange   Rate  
RTGS : US$ 
2022 

Inflation Rate  
2021 

Exchange Rate   
RTGS : US$ 
2021 

60.60% 
66.10% 
72.70% 
96.40% 
131.70% 
70.00% 
96.10% 
106.30% 
107.50% 
108.70% 
107.10% 
105.50% 

115.4223 
124.0189 
142.4237 
159.3482 
301.4994 
370.9646 
443.8823 
546.8254 
621.8922 
632.7703 
654.9284 
684.3339 

362.63% 
321.59% 
240.55% 
194.07% 
161.91% 
106.60% 
56.37% 
50.24% 
51.55% 
54.50% 
58.40% 
60.70% 

82.6756 
83.8868 
84.4001 
84.5032 
84.7259 
85.4234 
85.6402 
85.9084 
87.6653 
97.1361 
105.6684 
108.6660 

January 
February 
March 
April 
May 
June 
July 
August 
September 
October 
November 
December 

Two of the Group’s subsidiaries, namely RHA and Zulu, operate in Zimbabwe.  

In accordance with IAS29 the Group has implemented the Historical Cost approach in restating the subsidiary 
accounts  as  at  the  31  December  2022  and  the  corresponding  comparative  figures  for  the  year  ended  31 
December 2021. 

The financial statements reflect the reduction in the purchasing power of RTGS which have been remeasured, 
in terms of IAS 29, as at 31 December 2022. 

53 

 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

8. 

Intangible assets  

Exploration and evaluations assets 
Total intangible assets 

Opening carrying value 
Expenditure on options to conduct exploration and evaluation 
Impairment of Exploration and evaluation assets 
Reversal of impairment of Zulu Lithium's E&E assets 
Additional costs capitalised to the Li3 assets 

Closing carrying value 

2022 
$ 000 

4,739  
4,739  

4,686  
53  
-   
-   
-   
4,739  

2021 
$ 000 

4,686  
4,686  

120  
-   
-   
4,563  
3  
4,686  

During  the  2021  year,  the  market  conditions  for  lithium  improved  substantially.  This  improvement  enabled 
management  to  revisit  the  assumptions  surrounding  the  impairment  of  the  Zulu  Lithium  Exploration  and 
Evaluation  assets.  Based  upon  the  current  market  conditions  and  associated  assumptions,  management  has 
reversed the impairment of the Zulu Lithium’s Exploration and Evaluation assets. 

During the 2020 year the company acquired a portfolio  of hard-rock lithium assets located in Zimbabwe and 
Mozambique from Lithium Consolidated Ltd ("Li3"). 

During the year $0.053million was expended to purchase an option to conduct exploration on Turwi Gold. 

Zulu Lithium and Tantalite Project 

During the year $nil (2021: $nil) exploration costs were incurred and capitalised to Zulu. The Group views this 
project as strategic and exploration work will be continued in the future, cash flow permitting.  

Key assumptions applied in calculating the discounted cash flow analysis included: 

Targeted annual production of spodumene concentrate 
Targeted annual production of petalite concentrate 
Price of spodumene concentrate 
Price of petalite concentrate 

• 
• 
• 
• 
•  Discount rate  
•  Operating costs per combined tonnage of concentrate 
• 
•  Average strip ratio of  

Estimated 15 year life of mine 

84 000 tonnes 
32 500 tonnes 
$975/t 
$400/t 
25% 
$486/t  

5.5:1 

During March 2021, the EPO was granted and a DFS is being undertaken. 

For additional information on events after the reporting date, refer to note 33. 

54 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

9. 

Investments 

Opening carrying value 2021 
Shares acquired  
Fair value adjustment  
Closing carrying value 2021 
Shares acquired  
Fair value adjustment  
Closing carrying value 2022 

Reconciliation of movements in investments 
Opening carrying value 2021 (1) (2) 
Acquisition at fair value 2021 (3) 
Opening carrying value 2022 
Acquisition of shares 
Fair value adjustment  
Closing carrying value 2022 

Vortex Ltd 
(formerly  
Circum Minerals) 
$ 000 
6,263 
- 
- 
6,263 
- 
(5,762) 
501 

6,263 
- 
6,263 
- 
(5,762) 
501 

Manganese 
Namibian 
Holdings 

Total 

$ 000 
- 
2,079 
- 
2,079 
- 
(2,079) 
- 

- 
2,079 
2,079 
- 
(2,079) 
- 

$ 000 
6,263 
2,079 
- 
8,342 
- 
(7,841) 
501 

6,263 
2,079 
8,342 
- 
(7,841) 
501 

(1) Represents 5 million shares in unlisted entity Circum. 
(2) As Circum is unlisted there are no quoted markets. The fair value of the Circum shares was derived using the 
previous issue price and validating it against the most recent placing price on 30 December 2022 of $0.10 per 
share. In March 2022, the shares were sold at book value to Vortex Limited in exchange for  shares in Vortex 
Limited. 
(3) Represents a purchase of 19.9% interest in MNH. 

The  shares  are  considered  to  be  level  3  financial  assets  under  the  IFRS  13  categorisation  of  fair  value 
measurements.    

Premier continues to have an indirect interest in 5,010,333 shares in Circum held by Vortex and   currently valued 
in total at $0.501 million (2021: $6.263 million). Circum published a general update to shareholders in May 2021 
and the major shareholders and directors of Circum are now fully coordinated in their intention to generate a 
liquidity event for shareholders. Novopro has been appointed to complete a DFS for  an initial production of ± 
375ktpa of Sulphate of Potash which will be scaled up to 750Ktpa over time. To this effect a fully subscribed 
rights issue raised $12.5 million. 

The fair value of these investments on 31 December 2022 amounted to $0.501 million (2021: $8.342 million).  

Premier’s investment in Vortex is classified as FVOCI and as such is required to be measured at fair value at each 
reporting date. As Vortex is unlisted there are no quoted market prices. The fair value of the Circum shares held 
by Vortex was derived using the previous issue price and validating it against the most recent placing price on 
30 December 2022. 

Premier’s investment in MNH is classified as FVOCI and as such is required to be measured at fair value at each 
reporting date. As MNH is unlisted there are no quoted market prices. The fair value of the MNH shares was 
fully impaired based on their most recently available financial information. 

55 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Sensitivity analysis 
The investments are subject to changes in market prices. A 10% reduction in market prices would result in a 
$0.050 million (2021: $0.834 million) charge to Other Comprehensive Income. 

10. 

Property, plant and equipment 

Mine 
Development 
$ 000 

Plant and 
Equipment 
$ 000 

Land and 
Buildings 
$ 000 

Capital 
Work-in-
Progress 

-   
-   
-   

-   
-   
-   
-   
34,956  
-   
34,956  

-   
-   
-   
-   
-   
-   
-   
-   
-   
-   

Total 
$ 000 

3,672  
(78) 

-   

154  
-   
3,748  
(198) 
35,911  
-   
39,461  

3,672  
-   
(77) 
14  
-   
3,609  
(199) 
54  
-   
3,464  

2,694  
(22) 
-   

140  
-   
2,812  
(54) 
700  
-   
3,458  

2,694  
-   
(21) 
14  
-   
2,687  
(54) 

44 
-   
2,677  

35  
(8) 
-   

14  
-   
41  
(22) 
255  
-   
274  

35  
-   
(8) 
-   
-   
27  
(23) 
10  
-   
14  

Cost 
At 1 January 2021 
Exchange differences (1) 
Transfer from Capital Work in 
Progress 
Additions 
Disposals 

At 31 December 2021 
Exchange differences (1) 
Additions 
Disposals 

At 31 December 2022 

943  
(48) 
-   

-   
-   
895  
(122) 
-   
-   
773  

Accumulated Depreciation and Impairment Losses 
At 1 January 2021 
Charge for the period 
Exchange differences (1) 
Charge for the year 
Impairment of RHA  

943  
-   
(48) 
-   
-   
895  
(122) 
-   
-   
773  

At 31 December 2021 
Exchange differences (1) 
Charge for the year 
Impairment 
At 31 December 2022 

Net Book Value 
At 31 December 2021 
At 31 December 2022 

-   
-   

125  
781  

14  
260  

-   
34,956  

139  
35,997  

Refer to note 7 Hyperinflationary Accounting. 

The impairment assessment is detailed in note 4, Significant accounting judgements, estimates and assumptions. 

56 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

11. 

Loans receivable 

Outback Investments Pty Ltd 

Otjozondu Mining (Pty) Ltd 

Vortex Ltd 

2022 

$ 000 

-  

-  

-  

-  

2021 

$ 000 

414  

445  

-  

859  

The above loans are made to a subsidiary and a related party of MN Holdings (Pty) Ltd and are held at amortised 
cost. 

The purpose of the Outback Investments Pty Ltd loan was to enable MNH to lease and acquire the remaining 
extent of the Ebenezer No 377 Farm which contains untreated tailings facilities from the Purity Mining Project 
as announced on the 8th of July 2019. The loan will be forgiven following the uninterrupted use of the farm land 
for the treatment of the tailing facilities for a period of up to 10 years. During this period Premier has rights to 
these tailings facilities. The loan is interest free. The loan is only repayable upon default by Outback Investments. 

The loan to Otjozondu Mining is to assist with funding the day to day operations and is in accordance with the 
RNS of 31st August 2021. Premier has provided a loan of $265,000 which bears interest of 20% and is repayable 
in instalments of $25,000 per shipment of manganese shipped from Namibia. The balance of $180,000 has been 
provided interest free as it is linked to the loan from Neil Herbert, see note 18 for additional information. These 
loans have been fully impaired based upon the 30 June 2022 management accounts of Otjozondu Mine, which 
as per note 5, reflect a trading loss of $5.96 million. 

During the year the Group advanced $0.243 million to Vortex Ltd to enable Vortex Ltd to participate in rights 
issues  conducted  by  Circum  Minerals  Ltd.  The  most  recent  rights  issue  on  30  December  2022  for  $0.10  per 
Circum share. Due to the price of the rights issue, the Group fully impaired the loan advanced. 

12. 

Inventories 

Mine consumables 

13. 

Trade and other receivables  

Indirect tax receivable  
Other receivables 
Prepayments 

Current 
Non-current 

57 

2022 
$ 000 

11 
11 

2021 
$ 000 

-  
1 

2022 
$ 000 

2021 
$ 000 

3  
52  
125  
180  

180  
- 
180  

6  
-  
380  
386  

386  
- 
386  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

The exposure to credit risk for trade receivables 
by geographic region was as follows: 

Zimbabwe 
Other 

The exposure to credit risk for trade receivables 
by counterparty was as follows: 

Zimbabwe Revenue Authority 
Other 

The exposure to credit risk for trade receivables 
by credit rating was as follows: 

External credit ratings 
Other  

2022 
$ 000 

2021 
$ 000 

3  
52  
55  

3  
52  
55  

-   
55  
55  

5  
-   
5  

3  
2  
5  

-   
5  
5  

The receivables are considered to be held within a held-to-collect business model consistent with the Group’s 
continuing recognition of the receivables. 

As at 31 December 2022 the Group does not have any contract assets arising out of contracts with customers 
relating to the Group’s right to receive consideration for work completed but not billed. 

Credit and market risks, and impairment losses 

The Group did not impair any of its trade receivables as at 31 December 2022, as all trade receivables generated 
during the financial year were settled in full prior to the year-end. 

Information about the Group’s exposure to credit and market risks and impairment losses for trade receivables 
is included in Note 30. 

The Directors consider that the carrying amount of trade and other receivables approximates their fair value. 

14. 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Bank balances 
Cash and cash equivalents per the statement of cash flows 

15. 

Provisions – rehabilitation 

As at 1 January 
Foreign Exchange variation on translation 
Unwinding of discount 

58 

2022 
$ 000 
9,627  
9,627  

2022 
$ 000 
360  
-   
-   

2021 
$ 000 
940 
940 

2021 
$ 000 
153  
189  
18  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

As at 31 December 

360  

360  

A  provision  is  recognised  for  site  rehabilitation  and  decommissioning  of  current  mining  activities  based  on 
current  environmental  and  regulatory  requirements.  The  gross  provision  was  based  upon  an  environmental 
impact  assessment  (“EIA”)  conducted  and  calculated  in  2014  and  discounted  to  a  net  present  value  using  a 
discount rate of 10% over a life of mine of 8 years. The corresponding rehabilitation assets was capitalised to 
property, plant and equipment and is depreciated over the life of the mine. The initial provision for rehabilitation 
was performed in the then functional currency of USD. With the implementation of RTGS this provision was 
restated in terms of note 7 on Hyperinflationary accounting. With RHA currently under care and maintenance 
the directors reassessed the final provision based upon actual volumes extracted versus projected volumes. This 
reassessment will be done annually taking into consideration the remaining volume of ore to be extracted, the 
current level of mining that has already been conducted and the estimated costs involved in rehabilitating the 
land. 

16. 

Trade and other payables 

Trade payables 
Accrued expenses 
Advance receipt by Canmax 
Payroll liabilities 

2022 
$ 000 
984  
273  
32,464  
4  
33,725  

2021 
$ 000 
250  
298  
-  
8  
556  

During the year the Group entered into an Offtake and Marketing agreement withCanmax, whereby Canmax 
would prepurchase 143,000 tonnes of spodumene concentrate that will be produced by the Group’s Zulu mine. 

All trade and other payables at 31 December 2022 are due within one year, non-interest bearing, and comprise 
amounts outstanding for mine purchases and on-going costs, except as described further below. The Directors 
consider that the carrying amount of trade and other payables approximates their fair value.  

17. 

Contingent Liability 

Premier  engaged  China  Zenith  Capital  Ltd  to  facilitate  the  placement  of  3,000,000,000  shares  with  Canmax. 
Subsequent  to  that,  the  Group  entered  into  an  Offtake  and  Marketing  agreement  with  Canmax,  whereby 
Canmax would prepurchase 143,000 tonnes of spodumene concentrate that will be produced by the Group’s 
Zulu mine. China Zenith Capital Ltd are suing Premier for approximately $1,350,000, claiming a success fee based 
on Premier’s consultancy agreement with them.  Premier has rejected China Zenith Capital’s claim on the basis 
that it has no foundation for the claim. No provision has been made for this contingent liability. 

18. 

Borrowings 

Loan Neil Herbert 

2022 
$ 000 

180  
180  

2021 
$ 000 

180  
180  

59 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Reconciliation of movement in borrowings 
As at 1 January 
Loans received (1) (2) 
Loans repaid through conversion to equity (1) (3) (4) 
Implementation fee 
Accrued interest 
As at 31 December 

Current 
Non-current 

2022 
$ 000 

2021 
$ 000 

180  
-   
-   
-   
-   
180  

180  
-   
180  

-   
180  
-   
-   
-   
180  

180  
-   
180  

Borrowings comprise loans from a related party and a non-related party. Loans from a related party are further 
disclosed in Note 32, Related Party Transactions. 

(1)  Neil Herbert made available a loan of US$180,000 to the Company. Under the terms of the Director Loan, 
the loan is both unsecured and will not attract any interest and is repayable in full by the Company on the 
signing of a new off-take agreement at Otjozondu. The purpose of the Director Loan is to provide funding 
to  Premier  to  allow  an  amendment  to  the  Otjozondu  Loan  while  Premier,  acting  collectively  with 
Otjozondu, looks to secure the best possible off-take funding package.  

At 31 December 2022 the off-take funding had not been secured and Mr Herbert agreed to the deferment 
of the repayment of the loan until such off-take agreement has been secured. 

19. 

Share capital 

Authorised share capital 
22.42 billion (2021: 19.42 billion) ordinary shares of no par value. 

Issued share capital 

As at 1 January 2021 

Shares issued for direct Investment (1) 
Shares issued for direct Investment (2) 
Shares issued for direct Investment (3) 

Number of 
Shares 
 ‘000 
17,793,009  

625,000  
500,000  
500,000  

Value 
$ 000 
55,593  

1,416  
1,364  
1,059  

As at 31 December 2021 

19,418,009  

59,432  

Shares issued for direct Investment (4) 

3,000,000  

15,782  

As at 31 December 2022 

Less cumulative share costs 

Net share capital as at 31 December 2022 

22,418,009  

75,214  

(4,263) 

70,951  

60 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

On  the  03  June  2021,  the  Company  issued  625  000  000  shares  under  a  subscription 
agreement at a price of 0,16p for a total value of $1.501 million 

On  the  17  August  2021  the  Company  issued  500  000  000  shares  under  a  subscription 
agreement at a price of 0,02p for a total value of $1.446 million 

On the 14 December 2021 the Company issued 500 000 000 shares under a subscription 
agreement at a price of 0,16p for a total value of $1.122 million 

On  the  30  March  2022  the  Company  issued  3  000  000  000  shares  under  a  subscription 
agreement at a price of 0,4p for a total value of $15.782 million 

Reconciliation to balance as stated in the consolidated statement of financial position 

As at 1 January 
Shares issued under subscription agreements – cash flow 
Shares issued to settle trade payables 
Shares issued on conversion of loans and loan notes (note 12) - non-cash 
Shares issued to purchase Investment in MNH 
Share issue costs – cash flow 
Shares issued for direct Investment  
As at 31 December 

20. 

Share based payment and warrant reserve  

Share options and warrants reserve beginning of year 
Warrants granted 
Share options granted 
Warrants cancelled 
Share options and warrants reserve end of year 

Share options and warrant arrangements are set out below. 

Equity-settled Share base payment arrangement 

2022 
$ 000 

56,113  
-   
-   
-   
-   
(944) 
15,782  
70,951  

2022 
$ 000 

2,366  
-   
1,342  
-   
3,708  

2021 
$ 000 

52,504  
-   
-   
-   
-   
(230) 
3,839  
56,113  

2021 
$ 000 

2,366  
-   
-   
-   
2,366  

The Company adopted an incentive share option plan (the ‘Plan’) during 2012. The essential elements of the 
Plan provide that the aggregate number of common shares of the Company’s capital stock issuable pursuant to 
options granted under the Plan may not exceed 15% of the issued and outstanding Ordinary Shares at the time 
of  any  grant  of  options.  Options  granted  under  the  Plan will  have  a  maximum  term  of  10  years.  All  options 
granted to Directors and management are subject to vesting provisions of one to two years.  

All options are to be settled by the physical delivery of shares.  

The fair value of all the share options has been measured using the Black-Scholes Model. 

61 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Number of 
Options 
Granted 
‘000 

Vesting Term 

Exercise 
Price  

Expiry Date 

Estimated 
Fair Value  

Date 
Granted 

10/02/2011  1 year 
04/12/2012  See 1 below 
04/12/2012  See 2 below 

2,250  
20,386  
20,386  

1.135p  09/02/2014 
Nil  03/12/2022 
2p  03/12/2022 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Issued to 
Employees and 
consultants 
Directors 
Directors 
Employees and 
associates 
Directors  
Directors 
Management 
Management 
Directors 
Directors 
Management 
Management 
Directors 
Consultants 
Directors 
Consultants 
Directors 
Consultants 
Directors 
Consultants 
Directors 
Consultants 
Directors 
Consultants 
Total number of options 

04/12/2012  See 3 below 
29/07/2014  See 4 below 
29/07/2014  See 5 below 
29/07/2014  See 4 below 
29/07/2014  See 5 below 
13/03/2015  See 4 below 
13/03/2015  See 5 below 
13/03/2015  See 4 below 
13/03/2015  See 5 below 
19/01/2017  See 5 below 
19/01/2017  See 5 below 
19/01/2017  See 5 below 
19/01/2017  See 5 below 
30/05/2022  See 4 below 
30/05/2022  See 4 below 
30/05/2022  See 6 below 
30/05/2022  See 6 below 
30/05/2022  See 5 below 
30/05/2022  See 5 below 
30/05/2022  See 7 below 
30/05/2022  See 7 below 

Issued to: 

-          Directors 
-          Employees and consultants 
-          Management 

Less:  
-          Options exercised in prior years 
-          Options cancelled in prior years 
Total options in issue at 31 December 2022 

0.87p 
1.11p 
1.85p 

1.85p 
1.15p 
1.15p 
1.15p 
1.15p 
0.67p 
0.64p 
0.67p 
0.64p 
0.278p 
0.278p 
0.28p 
0. 28p 
0.32p 
0.32p 
0.18p 
0.18p 
0.19p 
0.19p 
0.19p 
0.19p 

Nil  03/12/2022 
1.15p  28/07/2024 
1.50p  28/07/2024 
1.15p  28/07/2024 
1.50p  28/07/2024 
0.9p  12/03/2025 
1.17p  12/03/2025 
0.9p  12/03/2025 
1.17p  12/03/2025 
0.28p  18/01/2027 
0.28p  18/01/2027 
0.40p  18/01/2027 
0.40p  18/01/2027 
Nil  31/05/2032 
Nil  31/05/2032 
0.4p  31/05/2032 
0.4p  31/05/2032 
0.5p  31/05/2032 
0.5p  31/05/2032 
0.5p  31/05/2032 
0.5p  31/05/2032 

5,536  
6,000  
6,000  
6,500  
6,500  
2,000  
2,000  
3,250  
3,250  
30,500  
50,439  
30,500  
50,439  
122,500 
202,500 
65,000 
202,500 
65,000 
202,500 
65,000 
202,500 
1,373,436  

429,272  
924,664  
19,500  
1,373,436  

27,257  
32,803  
1,313,376  

Expected volatility has been based on an evaluation of the historical volatility of the Company’s share price, 
particularly  over  the  historical  period  commensurate  with  the  expected  term.  The  expected  term  of  the 
instruments has been based on historical experience and general option holder behaviour. 

62 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

The Company has granted the following share options during the years up to 31 December 2022: 

1.  These share options vest on the two-year anniversary of the grant date. The options are exercisable at any 
time after vesting during the grantee’s period as an eligible option holder, and must be exercised no later 
than 10 years after the date of grant, after which the options will lapse.  

2.  These share options vest in equal instalments annually on the anniversary of the grant date over a two year 
period. The options are exercisable at any time after vesting during the grantee’s period as an eligible option 
holder, and must be exercised no later than 10 years after the date of grant, after which the options will 
lapse. 

3.  These share options vested on the grant date. The options are exercisable at any time after vesting during 
the grantee’s period as an eligible option holder, and must be exercised no later than 10 years after the 
date of grant, after which the options will lapse.  

4.  These share options vest on the one-year anniversary of the grant date. The options are exercisable at any 
time after vesting during the grantee’s period as an eligible option holder, and must be exercised no later 
than 10 years after the date of grant, after which the options will lapse.  

5.  These share options vest on the two-year anniversary of the grant date. The options are exercisable at any 
time after vesting during the grantee’s period as an eligible option holder, and must be exercised no later 
than 10 years after the date of grant, after which the options will lapse.  

6.  These share options vest on the 18 month anniversary of the grant date. The options are exercisable at any 
time after vesting during the grantee’s period as an eligible option holder, and must be exercised no later 
than 10 years after the date of grant, after which the options will lapse. 

7.  These share options vest on the 30 month anniversary of the grant date. The options are exercisable at any 
time after vesting during the grantee’s period as an eligible option holder, and must be exercised no later 
than 10 years after the date of grant, after which the options will lapse. 

No share options were granted during the year ended 31 December 2021. 

The fair value of the options granted during the year ended 31 December 2022 was $1.342 million (2021: $nil). 
The assessed fair value of options granted to directors and management was determined using the Black-Scholes 
Model  that  takes  into  account  the  exercise  price,  the  term  of  the  option,  the  share  price  at  grant  date,  the 
expected price volatility of the underlying share, the expected dividend yield and the risk-free rate interest rate 
for the term of the option.  

Directors: 
 - G. Roach 
 - W. Hampel 
 - G. Manhambara 
 - N. Herbert 
(resigned) 
 - M. Foster (resigned) 
 - Resigned directors 
Other option holders 

In issue prior to 
1 January 2022 

Exercised 
during the 
year 

Cancelled / 
Lapsed during 
the year 

Granted 
during the 
year 

In issue as at 31 
December 2022 

21,517  
8,000  
-   

4,000  
18,000  
40,941  
107,891  
200,349  

-   
-   
-   

-   
-   
-   
-   
-   

(2,517) 
-   
-   

-   
-   
-   
(11,955) 
(14,472) 

260,000  
17,500  
40,000  

-   
-   
-   
810,000  
1,127,500  

279,000  
25,500  
40,000  

4,000  
18,000  
40,941  
905,936  
1,313,377  

The Group has the following share options outstanding: 

63 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Grant Date 

Expiry Date 

Exercise Price  

Number of 
options 
outstanding 

Number of 
options vested 
and exercisable 

‘000 

‘000 

29/07/2014 
29/07/2014 
13/03/2015 
13/03/2015 
19/01/2017 
19/01/2017 
30/05/2022 
30/05/2022 
30/05/2022 
30/05/2022 

28/07/2024 
28/07/2024 
12/03/2025 
12/03/2025 
18/01/2027 
18/01/2027 
31/05/2032 
31/05/2032 
31/05/2032 
31/05/2032 

1.15p 
1.50p 
0.9p 
1.17p 
0.28p 
0.40p 
Nil 
0.40p 
0.50p 
0.50p 

3,000 
10,500 
5,250 
5,250 
80,939 
80,939 
325,000 
267,500 
267,500 
267,500 

3,000 
10,500 
5,250 
5,250 
80,939 
80,939 
0 
0 
0 
0 

The following table lists the inputs into the valuation model.  

Dividend 
yield (%) 

Expected 
volatility (%) 
70.00 
70.00 
70.00 
70.00 
236.0 
236.0 
100.0 
100.0 
148.0 
148.0 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

Risk-free 
interest rate 
(%) 

Share price 
at grant 
date 

Exercise 
price 

3.02 
3.02 
3.02 
3.02 
1.43 
1.43 
1.71 
1.71 
1.71 
1.71 

0.32p 
0.32p 
0.32p 
0.32p 
0.28p 
0.28p 
0.9p 
0.9p 
1.15p 
1.15p 

0.00p 
0.4p 
0.5p 
0.5p 
0.28p 
0.40p 
0.9p 
1.17p 
1.15p 
1.5p 

Issue - 30 May 2022 
Issue - 30 May 2022 
Issue - 30 May 2022 
Issue - 30 May 2022 
Issue - 19 Jan 2017 
Issue - 19 Jan 2017 
Issue - 13 Mar 2015 
Issue - 13 Mar 2015 
issue - 29 Jul 2014 
issue - 29 Jul 2014 

The shares that the options are based on are quoted in GBP and so the option agreement is stated in GBP. As 
such they are presented in GBP despite the presentational currency of the Group being USD. 

The number and weighted-average exercise prices of share options under the share option  programmes and 
replacement awards were as follows: 

Options outstanding, beginning of 
year 
Granted 
Options outstanding, end of year 

2022 

2021 

Shares 
‘000 

200,349 

1,127,500 
1,327,849 

Weighted 
Average 
Exercise Price 

0.55p 

0.33p 
0.35p 

Shares 
‘000 

200,349 

- 
200,349 

Weighted 
Average 
Exercise Price 

0.55p 

- 
0.55p 

64 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

The weighted-average life of the options in issue as at 31 December 2022 is 8 years and 2 days (2021 – 3 years 
and 27 days.) 

Warrants 

The Company did not grant warrant options during the year (2021: nil) 

A summary of the status of the Company’s share warrants as of 31 December 2020 and changes during the year 
are as follows: 

Warrants outstanding, beginning of 
year 
Granted 
Expired 
Exercised 
Cancelled * 
Warrants outstanding, end of year 

2022 
‘000 

2021 
‘000 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

During the year ending 31 December 2021 nil (2021 - nil) warrants granted to an advisor expired.  

There are no warrants outstanding in favour of the Directors. 

Premier’s share price opened at 0.185p in January 2022, traded at an average of 0.32p, with a high of 0.565 and 
low of 0.179p during the year and closed at 0.505p on 31 December 2022. 

21. 

Non-controlling interest 

RHA Tungsten Limited (51% Non-controlling interest) 

At 1 January 
Foreign exchange and hyper-inflationary adjustments 
Non-controlling interest in share of profit / (losses) for the year - RHA 

Non-controlling interest in share of other comprehensive income for 
the period 

At 31 December  

2022 
$ 000 

(12,205) 
-  
(68) 

(444) 
(12,717) 

2021 
$ 000 

(11,747) 

(20) 

(438) 
(12,205) 

The following table summarises the information relating to each of the Group’s subsidiaries that has material 
Non-controlling interest, before any intra-group eliminations. 

65 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Non-controlling Interest percentage 
Non-current assets 
Current assets 
Non-current liabilities 
Current liabilities 
Net assets  

2022 
RHA 
51% 
-  
15 
(18,516) 
(6,434) 
(24,935) 

2021 
RHA 
51% 
-  
8 
(18,319) 
(5,621) 
(23,932) 

Net assets attributed to Non-controlling Interest 

(12,717) 

(12,205) 

Revenue 
Profit / (Loss) 
Other Comprehensive Income /(Loss) 
Total comprehensive income 
Loss allocated to NCI 

-  
(870) 
(134) 
(1,004) 
(512) 

-  
(858) 
(40) 
(898) 
(458) 

The share of losses in the year represents the losses attributable to non-controlling interests in RHA for the year. 

22. 

Revenue 

Major product/service lines 
Sale of Wolframite 
Sale of scrap 
Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe Export Incentive 
Total revenue 
Prescription of debts 
Total other income 

Gross revenue 

Primary Geographical Markets 
Africa 

Timing of revenue recognition 
Products transferred at a point in time 

66 

2022 
$ 000 

2021 
$ 000 

-   
-   
-   
-   
34  
34  

34  

34  
34  

-   
-   

-   
-   
-   
-   
133  
133  

133  

133  
133  

-   
-   

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

23. 

Cost of sales excluding depreciation and amortisation 

Mining contractor 
Staff costs 
Consumables 
Equipment hire and maintenance 
Mining services 
Plant services 
Selling costs 
Net realisable value adjustment of cost of inventory sold 
Inventory write-down / (write-up) 

RHA mine is under care and maintenance and accordingly there are no cost of sales. 

24. 

Administrative expenses 

Audit fees - Holding company 
  - Under provision prior year 
  - Over provision prior year 
Staff costs   
Consulting and advisory fees 
Directors’ fees 
Accounting and legal fees 
Marketing and public relations 
Travel 
Security costs 
Vehicle operating costs 
Insurance 
Office and administration 
Short term non-capitalised lease payments  
Foreign exchange losses  
Share based payment (note 20) 
Exploration costs 

67 

2022 
$ 000 

2021 
$ 000 

-  
-  
-  
-  
-  
-  
-  
-  
-  
-  

2022 
$ 000 

42 
7 
- 
53 
1,369 
116 
230 
22 
380 
33 
47 
53 
306 
126 
480 
1,342 
16 
4,622 

-  
-  
-  
-  
-  
-  
-  
-  
-  
-  

2021 
$ 000 

44 
3 
- 
568 
1,199 
118 
143 
3 
50 
7 
9 
8 
88 
114 
12 
- 
- 
2,366 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Number of staff 

2022 

2021 

Directors of the Holding Company 
Administrative staff 
Total Holding Company staff 
Directors of subsidiaries 
Subsidiary administrative and operating staff 
Total staff 

25. 

Finance charges 

Interest charged by suppliers 
Interest on borrowings 
Derivative financial liability transaction costs 
Unwinding of discount on provisions 
Loss on extinguishment of debt 
Interest on finance lease 

26. 

Taxation 

Deferred tax 

As at 1 January  
As at 31 December 
Income Tax 
Taxation charge for the year 

4 
0 
4 
3 
12 
19 

4 
0 
4 
1 
6 
11 

2022 
$ 000 

2021 
$ 000 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
18 
- 
- 
18 

2022 

$ 000 

2021 

$ 000 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

There is no taxation charge for the year ended 31 December 2022 (2021: Nil) because the Group is registered in 
the British Virgin Islands where no corporate taxes or capital gains tax are charged. However, the Group may be 
liable for taxes in the jurisdictions of the underlying operations. 

The Group has incurred tax losses in West Africa and Zimbabwe; however a deferred tax asset has not been 
recognised in the accounts due to the unpredictability of future profit streams.  The accumulated tax losses not 
recognised at RHA amount to RTGS 15,862.422 million (2021: RTGS 1,615.272 million). 

68 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Reconciliation of effective tax rate 

2022 

2022 
$ 000 

2021 

2021 
$ 000 

2,298 
(575) 

- 
25% 

(5,803) 
1,451  

- 
25% 

(25%) 

(1,451) 

(25%) 

575 

(Loss) / Income before tax from continuing 
operations 

Tax using the Zimbabwean company tax rate 
Tax effect of:  
Effects of tax rates in foreign jurisdictions  

Contingent liability 

The Group operates across different geographical regions and is required to comply with tax legislation in various 
jurisdictions. The determination of the Group’s tax is based on interpretations applied in terms of the respective 
tax legislations and may be subject to periodic challenges by tax authorities which may give rise to tax exposures. 

27. 

Loss per share 

The calculation of loss per share is based on the loss after taxation attributable to shareholders, divided by the 
weighted average number of shares in issue during the year: 

Net loss attributable to owners of the company ($ 000) 

2022 
$ 000 

(5,803) 

2021 
$ 000 

2,298 

Weighted average number of Ordinary Shares in calculating basic 
earnings per share (‘000) 

21,686,502 

18,337,187 

Basic loss per share (US cents) 
Diluted loss per share (US cents) 

(0.03) 
(0.03) 

0.01 
0.01 

Weighted average number of ordinary shares 
Issued ordinary shares at 1 January ('000) 
Weighted average of shares issued during the year ('000) 
Weighted average number of ordinary shares at 31 December ('000) 

19,418,009 
2,268,493 
21,686,502 

17,793,009 
544,178 
18,337,187 

As the Group incurred a loss for the year, there is no dilutive effect from share options and warrants in issue or 
the shares issued after the reporting date. 

Potential dilutive effect on earnings per share 

Options issued 
Warrants issued 
Convertible loan notes 
Total potentially dilutive shares 

2022 
$ 000 

2021 
$ 000 

1,327,849 

200,349 

                         -    
                         -    

                         -    
                         -    

1,327,849 

200,349 

Refer to note 33 Post balance sheet events for additional potentially dilutive transactions. 

69 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

28. 

Directors’ remuneration 

2022 

Executive Directors 

George Roach - current 

Non-Executive Directors 
Godfrey Manhambara - current 
Wolfgang Hampel 
Neil Herbert  
Dr Wei Lou 

2021 

Executive Directors 
George Roach - current 
           - backdated increase 

Non-Executive Directors 
Godfrey Manhambara - current 
           - backdated increase 
Wolfgang Hampel 
Neil Herbert  

Directors’ fees 

$ 000 

Consultancy 
Fees 
$ 000 

Share Options 

$ 000 

- 

275 

42 
42 
- 
31 
115 

- 

11 
- 
286 

- 

- 

- 
- 
- 

Directors’ fees 

$ 000 

Consultancy 
Fees 
$ 000 

Share Options 

$ 000 

- 

42 
45 
31 
- 
118 

275 
70 

- 

- 
36 
381 

- 

- 

- 
- 
- 

Total 

$ 000 

275 

42 
42 
11 
31 
401 

Total 

$ 000 

345 

87 

31 
36 
499 

(*) These directors were not employed during the full financial year. 

The Directors’ fees disclosed in note 24 include nil (2021: nil) being the fees paid to Directors of RHA, who are 
not directors of the parent company.  

29.  Notes to the statement of cash flows 

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash at bank, bank overdrafts and short-term bank deposits with an original 
maturity of three months or less. The carrying value of these assets is approximately equal to their fair value. 

70 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Profit / (Loss) before tax 
Adjustments for: 
Finance charges 
Foreign exchange variations 
Settlement agreement on Finance lease 
Impairment of Investments and loans receivable 
Reversal of Impairment of intangible assets - Zulu 
Depreciation and amortisation 

Operating  cash  flows  before  movements  in  working 
capital 
(Increase)/decrease in inventories 
(Increase)/decrease in receivables 
Increase/(decrease) in payables 
Net cash inflow / (outflow) from operating activities 

Reconciliation of Non-Cash Transactions 
Share Capital  
Shares issued 
Less: Share issue costs 
Less: Settlement of payables 

Finance Charges 
Finance charge expense 
Less: Unwinding of discount on the Provision for rehabilitation 
Less: Interest accrued on loans and other payables 

2022 
$ 000 

2021 
$ 000 

(5,803) 

2,298 

-  
1,342 
-  
1,161 
-  
54 

(3,246) 
(11) 
206 
33,167 
30,116 

2021 
$ 000 

15,782 
(944) 
-  
14,838 

-  
-  
-  
-  

18 
43 
-  
-  
(4,566) 
14 

(2,193) 
1 
(379) 
7 
(2,564) 

2020 
$ 000 

3,839 
(230) 
-  
3,609 

(18) 
18 
-  
-  

Net debt as at 31 December 2020 
Cash flows 
Foreign exchange adjustments 
Net debt as at 31 December 2021 
Cash flows 
Foreign exchange adjustments 
Net debt as at 31 December 2022 

Cash and 
cash  
equivalents 
£ 

Borrowings 
£ 

Total 
debt 
£ 

Net debt 
£ 

727  
256  
(43) 
940  
7,345  
1,342  

9,627  

 - 
(180) 
 - 
(180) 
 - 
 - 

(180) 

 - 
(180) 
 - 
(180) 
 - 
 - 

(180) 

727  
76  
(43) 
760  
7,345  
1,342  

9,447  

71 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

30. 

Financial Instruments – Fair values and risk management  

The  following  table  shows  the  carrying  amounts  and  fair  values  of  financial  assets  and  financial  liabilities, 
including their levels in the fair value hierarchy. It does not include fair value information for financial assets and 
financial liabilities not measured at fair value if the carrying amount is a reasonable approximation of fair value. 

Trade and other receivables and trade and other payables classified as held-for-sale are not included in the table 
below. As at 31 December 2022 the Group did not have any trade and other receivables nor any trade and other 
payables that were classified as held-for-sale. 

The Group has not disclosed the fair values of financial instruments such as short-term trade receivables and 
payables, because their carrying amounts are a reasonable approximation of their fair value. 

72 

 
 
  
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Carrying 
value 

FVOCI - 
equity 
instruments 
$ 000 

Financial 
assets at 
amortised 
cost 
$ 000 

Other 
financial 
liabilities 
$ 000 

31 December 2022 

Note 

Fair value 

Total 
$ 000 

Level 1 

Level 2 

Level 3 

Total 

$ 000 

$ 000 

$ 000 

$ 000 

-   

-   

501  

501  

Financial assets measured at fair value 
FVOCI 

501  
501  

Financial assets not measured at fair value 
Trade and other receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Financial liabilities measured at fair value 

Financial liabilities not measured at fair value 
Bank overdrafts 
Unsecured loans from 
shareholders 
Secured loan 
Trade and other payables 

-   
-   
-   

-   
-   

-   

-   
-   
-   
-   

-   
-   

-   
-   
-   

-   
-   

-   

-   
-   
-   
-   

-   
-   

-   
-   
-   

-   
-   

-   

501  
501  

-   
-   
-   

-   
-   

-   

-   
-   
(33,725) 
(33,725) 

-   
-   
(33,725) 
(33,725) 

74 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Carrying 
value 

FVOCI - 
equity 
instruments 
$ 000 

Financial 
assets at 
amortised 
cost 
$ 000 

Other 
financial 
liabilities 
$ 000 

31 December 2021 

Note 

Financial assets measured at fair value 
FVOCI 

8,342  
8,342  

Financial assets not measured at fair value 
Trade and other receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Financial liabilities measured at fair value 

Financial liabilities not measured at fair value 
Bank overdrafts 
Unsecured loans from 
shareholders 
Secured loan 
Trade and other payables 

-   
-   
-   

-   
-   

-   

-   
-   
-   
-   

-   
-   

5  
-   
5  

-   
-   

-   

-   
-   
-   
-   

Fair value 

Level 1 

Level 2 

Level 3 

Total 

$ 000 

$ 000 

$ 000 

$ 000 

-   

-   

8,342  

8,342  

Total 
$ 000 

8,342  
8,342  

5  
-   
5  

-   
-   

-   

-   
-   

-   
-   
-   

-   
-   

-   

-   
-   
(556) 
(556) 

-   
-   
(556) 
(556) 

75 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Financial instruments – Fair values and risk management 

B. 

Measurement of fair values 

i. 

Valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs 

The  following  tables  show  the  valuation  techniques  used  in  measuring  Level  3  fair  values  for  financial 
instruments measured at fair value in the statement of financial position, as well as the significant unobservable 
inputs used. Related valuation processes are described in Note 4.8. 

Financial instruments measured at fair value 

Type 

Valuation technique 

Significant unobservable 
inputs 

Inter-relationship between 
significant unobservable 
inputs and fair value 
measurement 

None 

None 

Unlisted 
Equity 
investments 

Current market value 
technique: 

The  valuation  model  is  based 
upon the latest price at which 
raised 
the  unlisted  entity 
capital.  

ii. 

Transfers between Levels 1 and 2 

There were no transfers between Levels 1 and 2 in either the current financial year or in the prior financial year. 

C. 

Financial Risk Management  

The Group has exposure to the following risks arising from financial instruments: 
– credit risk; 
– liquidity risk; and 
– market risk. 

Risk management framework 

The Company’s board of directors has overall responsibility for the establishment and oversight of the Group’s 
risk management framework.  

The Group’s risk management policies are established to identify and analyse the risks faced by the Group, to 
set appropriate risk limits and controls and to monitor risks and adherence to limits. Risk   management policies 
and systems are reviewed regularly to reflect changes in market conditions and the Group’s activities.  

The  Group’s  audit  committee  oversees  how  management  monitors  compliance  with  the  Group’s  risk 
management policies and procedures, and reviews the adequacy of the risk management framework in relation 
to the risks faced by the Group. The Group’s audit committee undertake ad hoc reviews of risk management 
controls and procedures, the results of which are reported to the audit committee. 

Credit risk 

Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Group if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails to 
meet  its  contractual  obligations  and  arises  principally  from  the  Group’s  receivables  from  customers  and 
investments in debt securities. 

The carrying amounts of financial assets represent the maximum credit exposure. 

In the current year there was no impairment loss, nor 2021, for unrecoverable sundry debtors.  

76 

 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Trade receivables 

The  Group’s  exposure  to  credit  risk  is  influenced  mainly  by  the  individual  characteristics  of  each  customer. 
However,  management  also  considers  the  factors  that  may  influence  the  credit  risk  of  its  customer  base, 
including the default risk associated with the industry and country in which its customers operate. Details of 
concentration of revenue are included in Note 22. 

The  Group  has  established  a  credit  policy  under  which  each  new  customer  is  analysed  individually  for 
creditworthiness before the Group’s standard payment terms and conditions are offered. The Group’s review 
includes  external  ratings,  if  they  are  available,  financial  statements,  credit  agency  information,  industry 
information and in some cases bank references. Sales limits are established for each customer and are reviewed 
regularly. 

The Group limits its exposure to credit risk from trade receivables by establishing a maximum payment period 
of one month.  

The Group is monitoring the economic environment in Zimbabwe, where its exploration and mining operations 
are based. 

The Group does not require collateral in respect of trade and other receivables. The Group does not have trade 
receivables for which a no allowance is recognised because of collateral. 

The exposure to credit risk for trade receivables 
by geographic region was as follows: 

Zimbabwe 
Other 

The exposure to credit risk for trade receivables 
by counterparty was as follows: 

Zimbabwe Revenue Authority 
Other 

The exposure to credit risk for trade receivables 
by credit rating was as follows: 

External credit ratings 
Other  

2022 
$ 000 

2021 
$ 000 

-   
-   
-   

2  
-  
2  

-   
2  
2  

-   
-   
-   

5  
-   
5  

-   
5  
5  

Expected credit loss assessment for corporate customers as at 31 December 2022 and 31 December 2021 

The Group allocates each exposure to a credit risk grade based on data that is determined to be predictive of 
the risk of loss (including but not limited to external ratings, audited financial statements, management accounts 
and cash flow projections and available press information about customers) and applying experienced credit 
judgement. Credit risk grades are defined using qualitative and quantitative factors that are indicative of the risk 
of default. 

The company had no exposure to credit risk for the year ended 31 December 2022 (2021 - nil)  

77 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Movements in the allowance for impairment in respect of trade receivables 

The movement in the allowance for impairment in respect of trade receivables during the year amounted to nil 
(2021 – nil). 

Cash and cash equivalents 

As at 31 December 2022, the Group held $9.627 million in cash and cash equivalents (2021: $0.940 million). The 
cash and cash equivalents are held with bank and financial institution counterparties which are rated BB to BAA 
(according to Standard and Poor’s). 

Impairment on cash and cash equivalents has been measured on a 12-month expected loss basis and reflects 
the short maturities of the exposures. The Group considers that its cash and cash equivalents have low credit 
risk based on the external credit ratings of the counterparties. On the implementation of IFRS 9 the Group did 
not impair any of its cash and cash equivalents. 

Liquidity risk 

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group will encounter difficulty in meeting the obligations associated with its 
financial  liabilities  that  are  settled  by  delivering  cash  or  another  financial  asset.  The  Group’s  approach  to 
managing liquidity is to ensure, as far as possible, that it will have sufficient liquidity to meet its liabilities when 
they  are  due,  under  both  normal  and  stressed  conditions,  without  incurring  unacceptable  losses  or  risking 
damage to the Group’s reputation. 

Exposure to liquidity risk 

The following table presents the remaining contractual maturities of financial liabilities at the reporting date. 
The amounts are gross and undiscounted and include contractual interest payments and exclude the impact of 
netting agreements. 

31 December 2022 

Non- derivative financial 
liabilities 

Bank overdrafts 
Unsecured shareholder's 
loan 
Unsecured loans 
Secured loans 
Trade payables 

Derivative financial 
liabilities 

Contractual cash flows 

Carrying 
value 
$ 000 

Total 
$ 000 

2 
Months 
or less 
$ 000 

2 to 12 
Months 
$ 000 

1 to 2 
Years 
$ 000 

2 to 5 
Years 
$ 000 

More 
than 5 
years 
$ 000 

-   

-   

-   

-   
-   
-   
(33,725) 
(33,725) 

-   
-   
-   
(33,725) 
(33,725) 

-   
-   
-   
(33,725) 
(33,725) 

-   
-   
-   

-   
-   
-   

-   
-   
-   

-   

-   
-   
-   
-   
-   

-   
-   
-   

-   

-   
-   
-   
-   
-   

-   
-   
-   

-   

-   
-   
-   
-   
-   

-   
-   
-   

-   

-   
-   
-   
-   
-   

-   
-   
-   

78 

 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

31 December 2021 

Non- derivative financial 
liabilities 

Bank overdrafts 
Unsecured shareholder's 
loan 
Unsecured loans 
Secured loans 
Trade payables 

Derivative financial 
liabilities 

Contractual cash flows 

Carrying 
value 
$ 000 

Total 
$ 000 

2 
Months 
or less 
$ 000 

2 to 12 
Months 
$ 000 

1 to 2 
Years 
$ 000 

2 to 5 
Years 
$ 000 

More 
than 5 
years 
$ 000 

-   

-   

-   

-   
-   
-   
(556) 
(556) 

-   
-   
-   

-   
-   
-   
(556) 
(556) 

-   
-   
-   

-   
-   
-   
(556) 
(556) 

-   
-   
-   

-   

-   
-   
-   
-   
-   

-   
-   
-   

-   

-   
-   
-   
-   
-   

-   
-   
-   

-   

-   
-   
-   
-   
-   

-   
-   
-   

-   

-   
-   
-   
-   
-   

-   
-   
-   

The  interest  payments  on  the  financial  liabilities  represent  the  fixed  interest  rates  as  per  the  respective 
contracts.  

The  Group  aims  to  maintain  the  level  of  its  cash  and  cash  equivalents  and  other  highly  marketable  debt 
investments at an amount in excess of expected cash outflows on financial liabilities other than trade payables. 
The  Group  also  monitors  the  level  of  expected  cash  inflows  on  trade  and  other  receivables  together  with 
expected cash outflows on trade and other payables. 

Market risk 

Market risk is the risk that changes in market prices – such as foreign exchange rates, interest rates and equity 
prices  – will affect the Group’s income or the value of its holdings of financial instruments. The objective of 
market risk management is to manage and control market risk exposures within acceptable parameters, while 
optimising the return. 

Currency risk 

The Group is exposed to transactional foreign currency risk to the extent that there is a mismatch between the 
currencies in which sales, purchases, receivables and borrowings are denominated and the respective functional 
currencies of Group companies. The functional currencies of Group companies are primarily Pound Sterling and 
the US Dollar. The Zimbabwean trading companies functional currency is RTGS. The currencies in which these 
transactions are primarily denominated are Euro, US Dollar, South African Rand, RTGS and Pound Sterling.  

The  Company  conducts  its  business  in  Zimbabwe  with  a  significant  portion  of  expenditures  in  that  country 
historically denominated in USD and now also in RTGS. The introduction of the RTGS$ during the financial year 
has resulted in the devaluation of the RTGS$ against the US Dollar. This devaluation has also resulted in the 
Zimbabwean economy going into hyperinflationary status. To a large extent this is beneficial to Premier as its 
Zimbabwean assets are fully impaired. The remaining liabilities are inflation adjusted at each reporting period 
yielding foreign exchange gains on conversion to USD.  

All transactions are subject to spot rates and with no hedging transactions taking place. 

79 

 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Exposure to currency risk 

  31 December 2022 
EUR  GBP 

USD 

ZAR 

'000 

'000 

  '000 

  '000 

  31 December 2021 
EUR  GBP 

USD 

ZAR 

'000 

'000 

  '000 

  '000 

RTGS 

  '000 
000 

RTGS 

  '000 
000 

-   
-   
(13) 

-   
-   
(28) 

-   
-   
(15) 

-   
-   
(523) 

-   
-   
(231) 

-   
-   
-   

-   
-   
(98) 

-   
-   
(189) 

-   
-   
(87) 

-   
-   
(3,143) 

(13) 

(28) 

(15) 

(523) 

(231) 

-   

(98) 

(189) 

(87) 

(3,143) 

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

(129) 

(596) 

(7,029) 

(23,997) 

(4,883) 

(379) 

(392) 

(2,391) 

(3,048) 

(1,327) 

(129) 

(596) 

(7,029) 

(23,997) 

(4,883) 

(379) 

(392) 

(2,391) 

(3,048) 

(1,327) 

Trade receivables 
Unsecured loans 
Trade payables 

Net statement of 
financial position 
exposure 

Next 6 months 
forecast  
sales 

Next 6 months 
forecast purchases 

Net forecast 
transaction 
exposure 

Net exposure 

(142) 

(624) 

(7,044) 

(24,520) 

(5,114) 

(379) 

(490) 

(2,580) 

(3,135) 

(4,470) 

The summary quantitative data about the Group’s exposure to currency risk as reported to the management of 
the Group is as follows: 

The following significant exchange rates in relation to the reporting currency are applicable: 

Euro 
GBP 
ZAR 
RTGS 

Average rate for the year 

 Year end spot rate  

2022 

2021 

2022 

2021 

1.0540 
1.2355 
0.0589 
399.859 

1.1921 
1.3867 
0.0682 
87.9503 

1.0702 
1.2097 
0.0591 
684.334 

1.2281 
1.421 
0.0741 
108.666 

80 

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

The carrying amounts of the Group’s foreign currency denominated monetary assets and monetary liabilities 
at the reporting date are as follows: 

     Liabilities 

2022 
 ‘000 

28  
13  
523  

231 

2021 
 ‘000 

11 
77 
540 

12,707 

              Assets     
2022 
 ‘000 

2021 
 ‘000 

- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 

- 

Sterling (£) 
Euro (€) 
South African Rand (ZAR) 
Real Time Gross Settlement 
of USD (RTGS)  

The presentation currency of the Group is US dollars. 

The Group is exposed primarily to movements in USD for trade, RTGS for the Zimbabwean companies and GBP 
for all fund raising activities.   

Sensitivity analysis 

Financial instruments affected by foreign currency risk include financial investments (see note 9) cash and cash 
equivalents, other receivables, trade and other payables and convertible loan notes. The following analysis is 
intended to illustrate the sensitivity of the Group’s financial  instruments (at year  end)  to changes in market 
variables, being exchange rates. 

The following assumptions were made in calculating the sensitivity analysis: 

All income statement sensitivities also impact equity. 

Translation of foreign subsidiaries and operations into the Group’s presentation currency have been excluded 
from this sensitivity as they have no monetary effect on the results. 

Income Statement / Equity 

Exchange rates: 

+10% $ Sterling (GBP) 

-10% $ Sterling (GBP) 

+10% $ RTGS 

-10% $ RTGS 

2022 

$ 000 

(3) 

3  

(23) 

23  

2021 

$ 000 

(10) 

10  

(314) 

314  

The above sensitivities are calculated with reference to a single moment in time and will change due to a number 
of factors including: 

• 
• 
• 

Fluctuating other receivable and trade payable balances 
Fluctuating cash balances 
Changes in currency mix 

Interest rate risk 

The Group has entered into fixed rate agreements for its finance leases and shareholders loans. The Group does 
not hedge its interest rate exposure by entering into variable interest rate swaps.  

81 

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Exposure to interest rate risk 

The interest rate profile of the Group’s interest-bearing financial instruments as reported to the management 
of the Group is as per the table below. 

Fixed rate instruments 
Financial assets 
Financial liabilities 

2022 
$ 000 

2021 
$ 000 

-   
-   
-   

-   
-   
-   

Fair value sensitivity analysis for fixed-rate instruments 

The Group does not account for any fixed-rate financial assets of financial liabilities at FVTPL. Therefore, a change 
in interest rates at the reporting date would not affect profit or loss. 

Other market price risk 

The Group is exposed to equity price risk, which arises from equity securities at FVOCI are held as a long-term 
investment. 

The Group’s investments in equity securities comprise small shareholdings in unlisted companies. The shares 
are not readily tradable and any monetisation of the shares is dependent on finding a willing buyer. 

Valuation techniques and assumptions applied for the purposes of measuring fair value 

Due to the short term nature, the fair value of cash and receivables and liabilities approximates the carrying 
values disclosed in the financial statements.  

Due to the short term nature, the fair value of cash and receivables and liabilities approximates the carrying 
values disclosed in the financial statements.  

The  fair  value  of  financial  assets  is  estimated  by  using  other  readily  available  information.  As  the  Vortex  
(formerly Circum) and MNH shares are in privately held exploration companies, the fair values were estimated 
using observable placing prices where available.  

Vortex and MNH are unlisted and there are no quoted market prices. The fair value of the  Vortex shares was 
derived using the previous issue price and validating it against the most recent placing price on 30 December 
2022. The fair value of MNH shares was derived from the latest financial information and was fully impaired.. 

Capital management 

The Group manages its capital resources to ensure that entities in the Group will be able to continue as a going 
concern, while maximising shareholder return.  

The capital structure of the Group consists of equity attributable to shareholders, comprising issued share capital 
and reserves. The availability of new capital will depend on many factors including a positive mineral exploration 
environment, positive stock market conditions, the Group’s track record, and the experience of management. 
There are no externally imposed capital requirements.  The Directors are confident that adequate cash resources 
exist or will be made available to finance operations but controls over expenditure are carefully managed.   

31. 

Subsidiaries  

Premier had investments in the following subsidiary undertakings as at 31 December 2022, which principally 
affected the losses and net assets of the Group: 

82 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Country of 
incorporation and 
operation 

Proportion of voting 

interest % 

2022             2021     

Activity 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

31.1  Subsidiaries held during the year 

Name 

Zulu Lithium Mauritius Holdings Limited 

RHA Tungsten Mauritius Limited 

Kavira Minerals Holdings Limited 

Tinde Fluorspar Holdings Limited 

Lubimbi Minerals Holdings Limited 

Gwaaii River Minerals Limited 

Zulu Lithium (Private) Limited 

RHA Tungsten (Private) Limited 

Katete Mining (Private) Limited 

Tinde Fluorspar (Private) Limited 

LM Minerals (Private) Limited 

BM Mining & Exploration (Private) Limited 

Licomex (Pty) Ltd 

Li3 Mozambique (Pty) Ltd 

Mauritius 

Mauritius 

Mauritius 

Mauritius 

Mauritius 

Mauritius 

Zimbabwe 

Zimbabwe 

Zimbabwe 

Zimbabwe 

Zimbabwe 

Zimbabwe 

Zimbabwe 

Australia 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

49* 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

Li3B Mozambique (Pty) Ltd 

Australia 

100 

Li3C Mozambique (Pty) Ltd 

Australia 

100 

Lithium B S.A. 

Premier African Minerals (South Africa) 
(Pty) Ltd 

Mozambique 

South Africa 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

    49* 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

N/a 

Holding Company 

Holding Company 

Holding Company 

Holding Company 

Holding Company 

Holding Company 

Exploration 

Care and 
maintenance 

Exploration 

Exploration 

Exploration 

Exploration 

Exploration 

Holding 
Companies 

Holding 
Companies 

Holding 
Companies 

Exploration 

Procurement 
assistance 

* Accounted as a controlled subsidiary, refer note 4 - Significant accounting policies, estimates and assumptions 

and note 4.7 - Basis of consolidation. 

31.2  Acquisition of subsidiaries 

During the year ended 31 December 2020 the Group acquired 100% of the following companies:  

Company Name 
Premier African Minerals (South 
Africa) (Pty) Ltd 

Number of 
shares 
purchased 

100 

Total purchase consideration 

Purchase 
Consideration 

$nil 

$nil 

Country of 

Incorporation  Main Activity 
South Africa  Procurement 

assistance 

83 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

32. 

Related party transactions 

Ultimate controlling party  

There is no single ultimate controlling party. 

Transactions with key management personnel 

Borrowings 

During the 2021 financial year, Neil Herbert advanced $0.180 million to Premier African Minerals to facilitate an 
additional loan to MN Holdings. At 31 December 2022 the loan was still owing. 

Remuneration of key management personnel 

The remuneration of the Directors and other key management personnel of the Group are set out below for 
each of the categories specified in IAS 24 Related Party Disclosures.  

Staff costs   
Consulting and advisory fees 
Directors’ fees 

33. 

Events after the reporting date  

33.1 

Corporate matters 

2022 
$ 000 

53 
286 
116 
455 

2021 
$ 000 

568 
381 
118 
1,067 

On the 27 April 2023 all options under the 2017 Options Award (as announced on 19 January 2017) with half the 
number of options shares exercised at the price of 0.28p and the other half at the price 0.40p per ordinary share. 
Accordingly,  together  with  the  24,500,000  options  exercised  by  current  directors,  in  aggregate,  a  total  of 
161,877,130 new ordinary shares were issued by Company pursuant to the exercise of the options. The total 
proceeds of the exercise amounts to £550,382.24 which will be used by the Company for general working capital 
purposes. 

In May 2023, the Company appointed MAH, Chartered Accountants as its new independent auditor following 
the resignation of Jeffreys Henry LLP as a result of their insufficient capacity to satisfy its regulatory requirements 
in respect of its audit engagement with Premier.  

In May 2023, Premier concluded a direct equity raise of £1,759,500 before expenses at an issue price of 0.925 
pence per new ordinary share for the ongoing Zulu Pilot Plant Optimisation. 

In May 2023, Premier concluded a further direct equity raise of £610,000 before expenses at an issue price of 
0.925 pence per new ordinary share for the ongoing Zulu Pilot Plant  Optimisation. George Roach participated 
directly in this equity raise by way of subscription of £110,000. 

Pursuant to the above equity raise, the Company agreed to appoint CMC Markets UK Plc as joint broker to the 
Company. 

On 26 June 2023, the Company held its Annual General Meeting. At the meeting George Roach was reappointed 
to the board of directors of the Company by the simple majority following his retirement by rotation and the 
resolution for the board of directors to disapply pre-emption rights for 4 billion shares for a period of 24 month 
failed to be approved by special majority. 

84 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

33.2 

Offtake and Prepayment Agreement 

In accordance with Offtake and Prepayment Agreement ("Agreement") entered into on 3 August 2022 between 
Premier and Canmax , Premier was required to supply product by 30 May 2023, failing which Canmax has the 
right to terminate the Agreement by notice in writing to Premier and Premier will need to enact repayment of 
the prepayment amount plus interest in full within ninety (90) days of such termination notice. Premier has been 
accruing interest at 3.5% per annum (subject to adjustment from time to time in accordance with loan prime 
rate as published by the People's Bank of China) to Canmax in accordance with the Agreement. 

Premier advised CanMax that further funding would be required to achieve the required obligation under the 
Agreement  and  both  parties  have  expressed  their  intention  to  reach  agreement  and  to  proceed  with  the 
conclusion of a suitable amendment to the Agreement, while no amendment has been signed to date. 

On 25 June 2023, Premier served CanMax with a Force Majeure notice ("FM Notice") as the milling and sizing 
component of the plant required certain limited modifications to allow for full optimisation to design  capacity 
throughput.  In  particular,  Premier  had  been  informed  by  plant  designer  that  the  plant  is  unable  to  provide 
material correctly sized and in sufficient tonnage from the comminution section to the floatation plant to meet 
the concentrate production contemplated under the Agreement. Inter alia, the bearing seal assemblies in the 
EDS mill are unable to prevent dust and liquid ingress into the bearing assembly and consequentially must be 
redesigned.  

The immediate effect of the FM Notice is the suspension of all obligations under the Agreement including those 
associated  with  delivery  of  Product  by  Premier  and  any  consequences  associated  with  it.  Specifically,  this 
suspends for the duration of the Force Majure event, any consequence, notice, interest, or the like associated 
with the delivery of Product. The existing Agreement makes provision for such an event of  Force Majure and 
contemplates a maximum time of six months during which the cause or causes of the Force Majure should be 
rectified. In Premier's current opinion, in the light of recent developments, a de facto state of Force Majure has 
therefore been in existence from 25 May 2023. 

On  28  June  2023,  the  Company  received  a  purported  notice  of  termination  of  the  Offtake  Agreement  from 
Canmax following service of a Notice of Force Majeure on Canmax on the 25 June 2023. The notice of termination 
requires the Company to settle the prepayment amount of $34.7m within 90 days, however the Company has 
been advised that this notice of termination has no force or effect. 

Premier remains committed to an equitable solution and will continue to engage with Canmax to the extent to 
which Canmax is so prepared. 

34 

Ultimate Controlling Company 

There is no single ultimate controlling company for Premier. 

85 

 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

86