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Premier African Minerals Limited

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FY2023 Annual Report · Premier African Minerals Limited
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PREMIER AFRICAN MINERALS LIMITED 

ANNUAL REPORT 

31 DECEMBER 2023 

WWW.PREMIERAFRICANMINERALS .COM 

(AIM:PREM) 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONTENTS 

Sec(cid:415)on 

CEO statement 

Strategic report 

Management Team 

Directors 

Directors Report 

Corporate governance statement 

Independent auditor’s report 

Consolidated statement of financial posi(cid:415)on 

Consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income 

Consolidated statement of changes in equity 

Consolidated statement of cash flows 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements 

Page 

01 

03 

10 

11 

12 

15 

25 

32 

33 

34 

35 

36 

 
 
 
 
 
CEO STATEMENT -Mr George Roach 

2023 was a year of extremes. From the excitement of comple(cid:415)ng assembly of the Zulu 
Lithium  and  Tantalum  Project  (“Zulu”)  plant  to  the  disappointment  when  the 
deficiencies  in  the  ore  sor(cid:415)ng  and  comminu(cid:415)on  circuit  became  apparent.  From  comple(cid:415)on  of  mine  site 
infrastructures, civils, roads and access, tailings and water storage, in fact from a li(cid:425)le bit of Zimbabwean bush 
to a complete mine in record (cid:415)me to the disappointment that has been covered in many announcements over 
the period and into events post December 2023. 

Whilst many of the issues associated with the plant at Zulu are discussed in the Strategic Report, it is important 
to note that the fundamental quality of the deposit at Zulu and the original test work on which the plant supplier 
based their process and design remains valid and with extensive both independent and in house and ongoing 
test work, nothing fundamental has changed and it is more apparent today that had the plant met the most basic 
of the design requirements, Zulu would be in produc(cid:415)on. The facts are that the ore sorters are not fit for purpose 
and the Company has successfully implemented interim mi(cid:415)ga(cid:415)on steps to deal with this, and the milling and 
screening completely unable to meet the required specifica(cid:415)ons, an issue admi(cid:425)ed by the plant supplier and 
eventually resolved but only a(cid:332)er Premier agreed to advance the funds needed to effect this repair as the plant 
supplier was unable to fund this. Reference is made to this in our accounts. The combina(cid:415)on of the pull back in 
SC6 pricing coupled to the delays with ge(cid:427)ng Zulu into produc(cid:415)on, whilst presen(cid:415)ng short-term difficul(cid:415)es, have 
not changed the medium and long-term fundamentals of Zulu and the strong future for Premier African Minerals 
Limited (“Premier” or “Company”). And in this context in par(cid:415)cular we are conscious of the opportuni(cid:415)es that 
have emerged that include a crushing and milling circuit able to support an increase in float plant feed up to 
100%, stockpiled crushed ore in the small size frac(cid:415)ons able to support a separate Dense Medium Separa(cid:415)on 
plant and feed to a new Tantalum recovery circuit under design at present.  

With our focus on Zulu, li(cid:425)le has been achieved in regard to Premier’s other projects. Once ma(cid:425)ers have been 
addressed at Zulu, Premier expects that our other projects will see serious a(cid:425)en(cid:415)on in the coming year with a 
view to realising a return that is closer to our original investments than the value we now have elected to include 
in  our  accounts.  Current  pricing  of  Tungsten  is  compelling,  and  we  do  expect  resolu(cid:415)on  of  this  with  the 
Zimbabwean authority. Similarly, our interests in Manganese represent an equally compelling opportunity. 

_____________________ 

George Roach 

Chief Execu(cid:415)ve Officer  

28 June 2024 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
[INSERT PICTURE   –   Showcasing a Premier African Minerals Logo] 

2 

 
 
 
 
STRATEGIC REPORT 

The strategic report provides a detailed assessment of the ac(cid:415)vi(cid:415)es of the Company during the period under 
review. It also details the main objec(cid:415)ves of the Company related to our por(cid:414)olio of assets. The principal risks 
and uncertain(cid:415)es associated with our ac(cid:415)vi(cid:415)es are outlined in a specific principal risks and uncertain(cid:415)es sec(cid:415)on.  

RHA  

49% Interest owned by Premier 

51% Locally indigenized owned by Na(cid:415)onal Indigenisa(cid:415)on and Economic Empowerment Fund (“NIEEF”) NIEEF 
is controlled by Ministry of Mines and Mining Development 

Despite indica(cid:415)ons to the contrary, nothing has changed. The price of wolframite con(cid:415)nues to suggest that RHA 
should be back into produc(cid:415)on but with our re(cid:415)cence to commit more funds into RHA under the present share 
ownership structure, we are unable to predict when and if there will be a return to produc(cid:415)on notwithstanding 
that recent discussions with the Ministry of Mines and Mining Development have been posi(cid:415)ve. What is certain 
is that with advances in other explora(cid:415)on in Zimbabwe and with a need for addi(cid:415)onal comminu(cid:415)on capacity at 
Zulu, most of the plant at RHA will be relocated during the la(cid:425)er part of 2024 if we are unable to resolve the 
present ownership status. 

Recoverability of RHA Assets 

The RHA assets remain fully impaired at this (cid:415)me and are likely to so remain un(cid:415)l we are able to conclude the 
discussions underway at present.  

Zulu 

With hindsight the issues associated with the Zulu plant and the deficiencies and oversights in the plant design 
were all avoidable. It was easy to accept the proposal and purported competencies of the supplier, in par(cid:415)cular 
with the confidence our Company had in the resource and in the test work that had been undertaken by Anzaplan 
in 2017 and had been updated subsequently. It is worth no(cid:415)ng that the resource es(cid:415)mates at Zulu have been 
undertaken  by  Shango Solu(cid:415)ons an independent  consultancy with  extensive  resource  es(cid:415)ma(cid:415)on experience, 
and valida(cid:415)on of the amenability of the Zulu ores to successful recovery of SC6 has been undertaken not only by 
Anzaplan, but also by Geolabs and by our reagent suppliers quite apart from the many float tests undertaken in 
our laboratory at Zulu.  

In our view, the ruling SC6 price, our confidence in the resource and test work, coupled to the assurances and 
proposal  from  the  equipment  supplier  adequately  addressed  the  risks  associated  with  proceeding  to  plant 
construc(cid:415)on. It remains our opinion that construc(cid:415)ng the Zulu mine at that (cid:415)me was correct and in the light of 
the present price structures for SC6, had the Company not proceeded at that (cid:415)me, it is unlikely this mine would 
have been financed and built today. In terms of the plant, the produc(cid:415)on of SC6 was to be through a floata(cid:415)on 
process. The plant was expected to perform the following func(cid:415)ons: 

• 

• 

A(cid:332)er an ini(cid:415)al crushing of Run of Mine (“ROM”) ore, ore sor(cid:415)ng machines were expected to remove 
waste material that was not pegma(cid:415)te. The plant supplier was fully informed of the required waste 
to be removed. The ore sorters supplied are not fit for purpose. The primary sorters failed to remove 
all the iden(cid:415)fied waste. The secondary Ultraviolet sorters failed to iden(cid:415)fy and upgrade spodumene 
rich ore. The Company has mi(cid:415)gated this by carefully controlled mining and inspec(cid:415)on of ore on the 
ROM pad. The Plant supplier has been informed that the sorters are not fit for purpose. The Company 
has reserved its rights in this regard. 
Sorted ore was to be milled to the correct size frac(cid:415)on in the design tonnage for feed to the float 
plant. The milling and screening system originally supplied was completely deficient in every respect 
and was required to be replaced. The Company advanced funds to the plant supplier to remedy this 
situa(cid:415)on and this resulted in the installa(cid:415)on of a new mill and hydro-sizer system. The Equipment 
supplier  was  unable  to  properly  commission  the  new  systems  and  was  removed  from  site  in  a 
subsequent event in early 2024. 

3 

 
• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

During the year under review, it had been impossible to properly evaluate the float plant. At no (cid:415)me 
had the correct feed rate and par(cid:415)cle size been achieved. Accordingly, it was only a(cid:332)er the Company 
had brought the new milling and sizing circuit into opera(cid:415)on that it was possible to properly assess 
the performance of the float plant and deal with commissioning and op(cid:415)misa(cid:415)on.  
In  subsequent  events,  issues  associated  with  the  pH  and  reagent  dosing  control  and  recovery  of 
spodumene have been iden(cid:415)fied and addressed.  
Despite  these  challenges,  in  con(cid:415)nuous  running  of  the  float  plant,  spodumene  concentrate  was 
produced and despite the very low recoveries of spodumene, concentrate at saleable grade and at 
up to 6.2% Li2O has been produced.  
At this (cid:415)me, we expect an addi(cid:415)onal condi(cid:415)oning cell to be installed during the week commencing 
10 July 2024 and therea(cid:332)er it is expected that the plant will operate at design throughput and with 
adequate recovery to meet the produc(cid:415)on targets originally agreed.  
The Company has expressed its overall dissa(cid:415)sfac(cid:415)on with the performance of the original plant and 
equipment suppliers and intends to seek substan(cid:415)al redress in due course. 

It is important to acknowledge the support that has been provided by our o(cid:335)ake and prepayment partner. Our 
communica(cid:415)on remains open and frank and the Company remains commi(cid:425)ed to mee(cid:415)ng the long-term interests 
of our o(cid:335)ake partner that is focussed on the supply of SC6 into the future. At the same (cid:415)me, our o(cid:335)ake and 
prepayment partner is aware of the challenges that the produc(cid:415)on delays have caused, in par(cid:415)cular in rela(cid:415)on 
to cash flows and has expressed agreement to the Company seeking other finance opportuni(cid:415)es provided the 
long-term interests of our o(cid:335)ake partner are not impinged. 

The  Company  was  able  to  release  updated  resource  es(cid:415)mates  and  at  the  same  (cid:415)me  iden(cid:415)fy  that  the  main 
pegma(cid:415)te at Zulu is Spodumene Quartz Intergrowths dominant and accordingly is primarily a spodumene rich 
ore body. This resource  es(cid:415)mate, coupled to the emerging extent of pegma(cid:415)tes contained within the EPO, is 
likely to support both a much longer term life of mine for the present mine plant, but also the expecta(cid:415)on of a 
significantly  larger  overall  resource  and  the  likelihood  of  an  increase  in  plant  produc(cid:415)on  capacity  in  the 
immediate  future.  Applica(cid:415)on  has  been  made  for  renewal  of  the  EPO  but  in  the  event  that  this  is  not 
forthcoming, the company has registered extensive new mining claims over prospec(cid:415)ve areas within the EPO. 

In  subsequent  events  associated  with  the  plant,  the  Company  engaged  Senet  Engineering  to  conduct  a 
preliminary review of the plant as delivered at the (cid:415)me of removal of the previous plant supplier, as much to 
assist in remedial ac(cid:415)on required as to set and understand the baseline and other issues associated with the 
previous plant supplier. Subsequently, the Company intends to further engage similar services to examine and 
validate  the  Company’s  internal  discounted  cash  flow  and  projected  cash  flows  with  a  view  to  moving  the 
opera(cid:415)on  at  Zulu  to  a  fully  compliant  mineral  reserve  status.  The  experience  to  date,  based  upon  internal 
assessments,  and  the  produc(cid:415)on  cost  associated  with  spodumene  concentrate  produced  supports  the 
Company’s internal projec(cid:415)on of a delivered China port all in cost of $828 per tonne for the year ending June 
2025. 

Extended Lithium Por(cid:414)olio 

We have previously referred to our claims in the eastern part of Zimbabwe and we are pleased to advise that 
these  claims are presently under  evalua(cid:415)on  by a major  Chinese miner  who have  indicated their inten(cid:415)on to 
formulate a formal offer to acquire these proper(cid:415)es. 

Turwi Gold Project 

Premier  had  acquired  opera(cid:415)onal  control  and  50%  of  this  gold  explora(cid:415)on  project  in  Southeast  Zimbabwe. 
However,  at  this  (cid:415)me,  the  focus  of  Premier  will  be  that  of  Zulu.  Premier  will  explore  other  alterna(cid:415)ve 
opportuni(cid:415)es to releasing the poten(cid:415)al value and opportunity of the Turwi Gold Project.  

4 

 
 
MN Holdings Limited (“MNH”) 

Delays  at  Zulu  have  effec(cid:415)vely  delayed  any  further  development  of  this  project.  It  should  be  noted  that  the 
posi(cid:415)ves  associated  with  Manganese  make  this  investment  a(cid:425)rac(cid:415)ve  and  Premier  will  look  to  increase  our 
interest and control.  

In the unaudited management accounts for year ended 30 June 2023, MNH’s wholly owned opera(cid:415)ng subsidiary, 
Otjozondu reported revenue of approximately N$76 million (equivalent to $4.1 million) and an opera(cid:415)ng profit 
before  tax  (and  interest  charges  to  group  companies)  of  approximately  N$24.1  million  (equivalent  to  $1.3 
million). Total assets as at the same date amounted to approximately N$289 million (equivalent to $15.6 million). 

Vortex Limited (formerly Circum Minerals Limited “Circum”) 

Although  the  status  in  Ethiopia  has  improved,  li(cid:425)le  has  been  achieved.  Frustra(cid:415)ons  related  to  coopera(cid:415)ve 
agreements and differing opinions on development of this outstanding worldclass deposit, allied to the Ethiopian 
status con(cid:415)nue to frustrate the realisa(cid:415)on of this investment.  

Funding  

During the repor(cid:415)ng period we raised net proceeds of $17.542 million (2022: of $14.838 million).  

Principal ac(cid:415)vi(cid:415)es and strategic review of the business 

The principal ac(cid:415)vity of Premier and its subsidiary companies (the Group) during the year under review is the 
mining,  explora(cid:415)on,  evalua(cid:415)on  development  and  investment  in  natural  resource  proper(cid:415)es  on  the  African 
con(cid:415)nent. 

Premier was incorporated on 21 August 2007 in the Bri(cid:415)sh Virgin Islands (BVI) as a BVI business company with 
number  1426861.  The  registered  office  is  Craigmuir  Chambers,  PO  Box  71,  Road  Town,  Tortola,  Bri(cid:415)sh  Virgin 
Islands. The Company was admi(cid:425)ed to trading on the London Stock Exchange’s AIM Market on 10 December 
2012. 

Objec(cid:415)ves 

During the current year, the primary focus will be: 

• 
• 

• 
• 
• 

Op(cid:415)mise and stabilise profitable opera(cid:415)ons at Zulu 
Progress resource development within the Zulu EPO and secure a Mining lease over prospec(cid:415)ve areas 
therein. 
Expand produc(cid:415)on at Zulu 
Seek to resolve the status of RHA, MNH and Vortex 
Iden(cid:415)fy and secure high value explora(cid:415)on targets in other jurisdic(cid:415)ons. 

Principal risks and uncertain(cid:415)es 

The Group is subject to a number of risks and uncertain(cid:415)es which could have a material effect on its business, 
opera(cid:415)ons, or future performance, including but not limited to: 

Credit Risk  

Credit risk is the risk of poten(cid:415)al loss to the Company if counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its 
contractual obliga(cid:415)ons. The Company’s credit risk is primarily a(cid:425)ributable to its liquid financial assets, including 
cash, receivables, and balances receivable from the government. The Company limits the exposure to credit risk 
in its cash by only inves(cid:415)ng its cash with high-credit quality financial ins(cid:415)tu(cid:415)ons in business and savings accounts, 
guaranteed  investment  cer(cid:415)ficates  and  in  government  treasury  bills  which  are  available  on  demand  by  the 
Company  for  its  programs.  The  Company  does  not  invest  in  money  market  funds.  The  Company  has  no  risk 
exposure to asset backed commercial paper or auc(cid:415)on rate securi(cid:415)es. 

5 

 
 
Refer to note 29 for the company’s exposure to credit risk. 

Liquidity Risk  

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will not have the resources to meet its obliga(cid:415)ons as they fall due. The 
Company manages this risk by closely monitoring cash forecasts and managing resources to ensure that it will 
have sufficient liquidity to meet its obliga(cid:415)ons. Also refer to the going concern sec(cid:415)on below. 

Refer to note 29 for the company’s exposure to liquidity risk. 

Opera(cid:415)ng Risks 

The  ac(cid:415)vi(cid:415)es  of  the  Group  are  subject  to  all  of  the  hazards  and  risks  normally  incidental  to  exploring  and 
developing natural resource projects. These risks and uncertain(cid:415)es include, but are not limited to environmental 
hazards, machinery and plant breakdowns, industrial accidents, labour disputes, geo-poli(cid:415)cal risks, encountering 
unusual or unexpected geologic forma(cid:415)ons or other geological or grade problems, unan(cid:415)cipated changes in rock 
forma(cid:415)on  characteris(cid:415)cs  and  mineral  recovery,  encountering  unan(cid:415)cipated  ground  or water  condi(cid:415)ons,  land 
slips, flooding, periodic interrup(cid:415)ons due to inclement or hazardous weather condi(cid:415)ons and other acts of God 
or un-favourable opera(cid:415)ng condi(cid:415)ons and losses. 

Should any of these risks and hazards affect the Group’s explora(cid:415)on, development or mining ac(cid:415)vi(cid:415)es, it may 
cause the cost of produc(cid:415)on to increase to a point where it would no longer be economic to extract minerals 
from the Group’s proper(cid:415)es, require the Group to write-down the carrying value of one or more of its assets, 
cause delays or a stoppage of mining and processing, result in the destruc(cid:415)on of mineral proper(cid:415)es or processing 
facili(cid:415)es,  cause  death  or  personal  injury  and  related  legal  liability,  any  and  all  of  which  may  have  a  material 
adverse effect on the Group. 

Early-stage Business Risk 

The Group’s success will depend on its ability to raise capital and generate cash flows from produc(cid:415)on in the 
future  at  Zulu.  The  board  of  directors  manages  this  risk  by  monitoring  cash  levels  and  reviewing  cash  flow 
forecasts  on  a  regular  basis.   In  par(cid:415)cular,  the Group’s success will  depend  on  the  successful commissioning, 
modifica(cid:415)on and op(cid:415)misa(cid:415)on of the processing plant at Zulu and there is no certainty that there may not be 
further unforeseen delays, plant modifica(cid:415)ons or unan(cid:415)cipated costs. 

Market Risk (exchange rates, commodity, and equity)  

Market  risk  is  the  risk  of  loss  that  may  arise  from  changes  in  market  factors  such  as  interest  rates,  foreign 
exchange rates, and commodity and equity prices. These fluctua(cid:415)ons may be significant. 

Interest Rate Risk: The Company is exposed to interest rate risk to the extent that its cash balances bear variable 
rates of interest. The interest rate risks on cash and short-term investments and on the Company’s, obliga(cid:415)ons 
are not considered significant. 

Foreign  Currency  Risk  -    The  Company  is  exposed  to  the  financial  risk  related  to  the  fluctua(cid:415)on  of  foreign 
exchange  rates  against  the  Company’s  func(cid:415)onal  currency,  which  is  the  United  States  dollar  (“USD”).    The 
Company  expects  to  con(cid:415)nue  to  raise  funds  in  the  United  Kingdom.  The  Company  conducts  its  business  in 
Zimbabwe with a significant por(cid:415)on of expenditures in that country historically denominated in USD and now 
also in RTGS Dollars (“RTGS$”). The introduc(cid:415)on of the RTGS$ during the 2019 financial year has resulted in the 
devalua(cid:415)on of the RTGS$ against the US Dollar. This devalua(cid:415)on has also resulted in the Zimbabwean economy 
going into hyperinfla(cid:415)onary status. As a means to counteract the hyper-infla(cid:415)onary effects and given that the 
majority of transac(cid:415)ons are denominated in USD, all Zimbabwean companies within the group now record and 
report  their  financial  informa(cid:415)on  in  USD  with  effect  from  1  January  2023.  Addi(cid:415)onally,  a  por(cid:415)on  of  the 
Company’s business is conducted in South African Rands (“ZAR”). As such, it is subject to risk due to fluctua(cid:415)ons 
in  the  exchange  rates  between  the  USD  and  each  of  the  ZAR  and  GBP.  A  significant  change  in  the  currency 
exchange rates between the USD rela(cid:415)ve to foreign currencies could have an effect on the Company’s results of 
opera(cid:415)ons, financial posi(cid:415)on, or cash flows.  The Company has not hedged its exposure to currency fluctua(cid:415)ons. 

6 

 
Commodity Price Risk – Zulu value is largely related to the price of lithium and the outlook on this mineral. 

The Company minority interest in MNH results in limited control of how MNH mi(cid:415)gate the risk associated with 
Manganese price fluctua(cid:415)ons. 

Refer to note 29 for the company’s exposure to market risk. 

Early-stage Project Risk 

Zulu moved into early-stage produc(cid:415)on through the development of a pilot plant without a Defini(cid:415)ve Feasibility 
Study. In advancing Zulu to the stage where it may be cash genera(cid:415)ve, many risks are faced including without 
limita(cid:415)on, the inherent uncertainty of mining and con(cid:415)nuity of the mineral resource without a DFS support by a 
measured  category  resource  statement,  the  capital  costs  of  explora(cid:415)on  and  produc(cid:415)on,  commodity  pricing, 
opera(cid:415)ng in remote and o(cid:332)en poli(cid:415)cally unstable environment.  

Environmental Risks and Hazards 

All phases of the Group’s opera(cid:415)ons are subject to environmental regula(cid:415)on in the areas in which it operates. 
Environmental legisla(cid:415)on is evolving in a manner that may require stricter standards and enforcement, increased 
fines and penal(cid:415)es for non-compliance, more stringent environmental assessments of proposed projects and a 
heightened  degree  of  responsibility  for  companies  and  their  officers,  directors,  and  employees.  There  is  no 
assurance  that  exis(cid:415)ng  or  future  environmental  regula(cid:415)on  will  not  materially  adversely  affect  the  Group’s 
business, financial condi(cid:415)on, and results of opera(cid:415)ons. Environmental hazards may exist on the proper(cid:415)es on 
which  the  Group  holds  interests  that  are  unknown  to  the  Group  at  present.  The  Board  manages  this  risk  by 
working  with  environmental  consultants  and  by  engaging  with  the  relevant  governmental  departments  and 
other concerned stakeholders. 

Licencing Risk 

The Company’s explora(cid:415)on and development ac(cid:415)vi(cid:415)es are dependent upon the grant of appropriate licences, 
concessions, leases, permits and regulatory consents which may be withdrawn or made subject to limita(cid:415)ons or 
performance  criteria.  Such  licences  and  permits  are  as  a  prac(cid:415)cal  ma(cid:425)er  subject  to  the  discre(cid:415)on  of  the 
applicable Government or Government office. The Group must comply with known standards, exis(cid:415)ng laws and 
regula(cid:415)ons  that  may  entail  greater  or  lesser  costs  and  delays  depending  on  the  nature  of  the  ac(cid:415)vity  to  be 
permi(cid:425)ed. The interpreta(cid:415)ons, amendments to exis(cid:415)ng laws and regula(cid:415)ons, or more stringent enforcement of 
exis(cid:415)ng  laws  and  regula(cid:415)ons  could  have  a  material  adverse  impact  on  the  Group’s  results  of  opera(cid:415)ons  and 
financial condi(cid:415)on. Whilst the Company con(cid:415)nually seeks to do everything within its control to ensure that the 
terms of each licence are met and adhered to, third par(cid:415)es may seek to exploit any technical breaches in licence 
terms for their own benefit. There is a risk that nego(cid:415)a(cid:415)ons with a Government in rela(cid:415)on to the grant, renewal 
or extension of a licence may not result in the grant, renewal or extension taking effect prior to the expiry of the 
previous licence period, and there can be no assurance of the terms of any extension, renewal, or grant. 

Poli(cid:415)cal and Regulatory Risk 

The Group’s opera(cid:415)ng ac(cid:415)vi(cid:415)es in Africa, notably in Zimbabwe, are subject to laws and regula(cid:415)ons governing 
expropria(cid:415)on of property, health and worker safety, employment standards, waste disposal, protec(cid:415)on of the 
environment, mine development, land and water use, prospec(cid:415)ng, mineral produc(cid:415)on, exports, taxes, labour 
standards, occupa(cid:415)onal health standards, toxic wastes, the protec(cid:415)on of endangered and protected species and 
other ma(cid:425)ers. The Group is dependent on the poli(cid:415)cal and economic situa(cid:415)on in these countries and may be 
adversely impacted by poli(cid:415)cal factors such as expropria(cid:415)on, war, terrorism, insurrec(cid:415)on, and changes to laws 
governing mineral explora(cid:415)on and opera(cid:415)ons. 

7 

 
Internal Control and Financial Risk Management 

The  Board  has  overall  responsibility  for  the  Group’s  systems  of  internal  control  and  for  reviewing  their 
effec(cid:415)veness.  The  Group  maintains  systems  which  are  designed  to  provide  reasonable  but  not  absolute 
assurance against material loss and to manage rather than eliminate risk. 

The key features of the Group’s systems of internal control are as follows: 

➢ Management structure with clearly iden(cid:415)fied responsibili(cid:415)es. 

➢ Produc(cid:415)on of management informa(cid:415)on presented to the Board. 

➢ Day to day hands on involvement of the Execu(cid:415)ve Directors and Senior Management. 

➢ Regular board mee(cid:415)ngs and discussions with the non-execu(cid:415)ve directors. 

The Group’s ac(cid:415)vi(cid:415)es expose it to a number of financial risks including cash flow risk, liquidity risk and foreign 
currency risk. The Group has iden(cid:415)fied certain short coming in the financial control systems, which are currently 
in the process of being addressed.  

Disclosure of management’s objec(cid:415)ves, exposure, and policies in rela(cid:415)on to these risks can be found in note 29 
to these financial statements. 

Environmental Policy 

The Group is aware of the poten(cid:415)al impact that its subsidiary companies  may have on the environment. The 
Group ensures that it complies with all local regulatory requirements and seeks to implement a best prac(cid:415)ce 
approach to managing environmental aspects. 

Zulu  was  granted  approval  of  its  Environmental  Impact  Assessment  and  was  permi(cid:425)ed  to  undertake  mining 
opera(cid:415)ons by the Environmental Management Agency of Zimbabwe. 

Health and Safety 

The Group’s aim is to achieve and maintain a high standard of workplace safety. In order to achieve this objec(cid:415)ve, 
the Group  provides  ongoing training  and support to employees and sets demanding standards for workplace 
safety. 

Going Concern 

These  consolidated  financial  statements  are  prepared  on  the  going  concern  basis.  The  going  concern  basis 
assumes that the Group will con(cid:415)nue in opera(cid:415)on for the foreseeable future and will be able to realise its assets 
and discharge its liabili(cid:415)es and commitments in the normal course of business.  

There remains an ac(cid:415)ve and very liquid market for the Group’s shares. 

The Directors have prepared a cash flow forecasts for the 18-month period ended 31 December 2025, taking into 
account the number of shares available to Premier to raise further equity, forecast opera(cid:415)ng cash flow and capital 
expenditure requirements for the Zulu Mine, available working capital and forecast expenditure for the rest of 
the Group including overheads and other development costs. These key assump(cid:415)ons of this forecast are, inter 
alia:  

The Group  

During 2023 the Group issued 4,216,446,124 shares at an average price of 0.4455p per share raising a total of 
$18.786 million. This cash was used to con(cid:415)nue with the commission and development work at Zulu mine. 

8 

 
 
• 

• 

RHA 

• 

Zulu 

• 

• 

 

Premier has obtained support from its o(cid:335)ake and prepayment partner allowing Premier to pursue 
alterna(cid:415)ve funding avenues. 
The calling of a Special  General Mee(cid:415)ng to  increase the number of shares  free from pre-emp(cid:415)ve 
rights by no more than 2 billion. 

The Company has not funded any of the ac(cid:415)vi(cid:415)es at RHA since 1 July 2019, apart from essen(cid:415)al care 
and maintenance costs. 

Zulu will have its new scrubber unit installed and opera(cid:415)onal in the week of the 10th of July. This will 
enable Zulu to produce and derive revenue from the sale of SC6. 
Premier has engaged Zimbabwean banks to facilitate the funding of Zulu’s short-term needs as they 
may arise. 

The Board also believes that it has a valuable asset in Zulu, with an es(cid:415)mated fair value in accordance with the 
prepayment and o(cid:335)ake agreement is US$200 million. And, in the event that it elected to stop all group funding 
of  Zulu,  the  group  has  sufficient  share  authori(cid:415)es  to  sustain  its  reduced  holding  costs  for  the  period  to  31 
December 2025. 

A(cid:332)er careful considera(cid:415)on of those ma(cid:425)ers set out above, the Directors are of the opinion that the Group will 
be  able  to  obtain  adequate  resources  to  enable  it  to  undertake  its  planned  ac(cid:415)vi(cid:415)es  for  the  period  to  31 
December 2025 either from produc(cid:415)on or from addi(cid:415)onal fund raising and have prepared these consolidated 
financial  statements  on  the  going  concern  basis.  In  the  event  that  Premier  is  not  able  to  meet  the  above 
considera(cid:415)on, then a material uncertainty exists which may cast significant doubt on the ability of the Group to 
con(cid:415)nue as a going concern and therefore be unable to realise its assets and se(cid:425)le its liabili(cid:415)es in the normal 
course of business. 

Refer to note 5 for further informa(cid:415)on. 

George Roach 

Chief Execu(cid:415)ve Officer 

28 June 2024 

9 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Management Team 

CEO – MR GEORGE ROACH 

George  has  extensive  experience  in  the  natural  resources  sector  in  Africa.  He  has 
successfully  obtained  licenses  and  concluded  mineral  explora(cid:415)on  and  exploita(cid:415)on 
agreements  in  the  en(cid:415)re  SADAC  region,  Ethiopia,  and  most  of  CEMAC  and  ECOWAS 
regions.  Under  the  auspices  of  Explora(cid:415)on  Services,  he  has  provided  consultancy  to 
prospec(cid:415)ve  explora(cid:415)on  companies  and  has  acted  in  significant  capaci(cid:415)es  for  several 
start-ups that have subsequently listed on AIM and TSX-V. Prior to  founding Premier, 
George was the Managing Director Africa, for Uramin Inc 

COO – Mr Errico Vasco(cid:425)o 

Errico is an accomplished and qualified Mining Engineer with more than 40 years in the 
mining industry.  Errico also has an MBA from the University of Southern Queensland, 
Australia  with Project Management as a speciality. He has worked on both greenfield 
and brownfield projects globally.   In addi(cid:415)on to direct mining experience, Errico has 
gained experience in mining construc(cid:415)on, providing strategic project leadership in line 
with industry best prac(cid:415)ce. 

CFO – Mr Tomas Apetauer 

Since qualifying  as  a  C.A. (S.A.), Tomas  has gained extensive experience in  a  diverse 
range of industries including finance, engineering consul(cid:415)ng, corporate finance and as 
an interna(cid:415)onal trainer. As Premier’s chief financial officer, he brings the skills gained 
through  corporate  turnaround  strategies,  mul(cid:415)-million-dollar  capital  raises  and  buy-
outs primarily focused on the African market. 

Country Manager – Mr Jabulani Chirasha 

A qualified Metallurgical Engineer with over 30 years’ experience in mining and process 
engineering.  Prior to joining Premier, Jabulani was a senior manager at Anglo American 
in Zimbabwe. Jabulani has authored a number of interna(cid:415)onal papers on mining and 
process technology and facilitated at interna(cid:415)onal mining conferences as a speaker. 

Corporate Secretary – Mr Brendan Roach 

Brendan holds a B.Com LLB and MA(Law).  He manages the full func(cid:415)on of corporate 
affairs for Premier and acts as our interna(cid:415)onal Legal Counsel. 

Explora(cid:415)on Manager – Mr Bruce Cumming 

With more than  40 years’ experience  Bruce  is an accomplished, SACNASP registered 
Geologist.  Bruce qualified with a BSc Hons degree from the University of Cape Town 
and is  a member  of  the  GSSA. Bruce  has  extensive explora(cid:415)on project management 
experience and has worked in various capaci(cid:415)es in diverse African countries.  He has a 
long history with Premier African Minerals. 

10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors 

CEO – MR GEORGE ROACH 

George  has  extensive  experience  in  natural  resource  business  development  in 
Africa. He has held posi(cid:415)ons in and/or ini(cid:415)ated a number of start-up businesses 
listed on AIM and/or TSX-V. 

Mr Wolfgang Hempel – Non-execu(cid:415)ve Director 

Wolfgang has more than 27 years’ experience in the African, American, European, 
and  Asian  explora(cid:415)on  and  mining  industry.    He  holds  a  Diploma  in  Economic 
Geology  from  the  Technical  University  of  Munich  and  is  a  registered  European 
Geologist (EurGeol) n*1261, with the European Federa(cid:415)on of Geologists. 

Mr Godfrey Manhambara – Chairman 

A Zimbabwean na(cid:415)onal with extensive experience in business. 
Godfrey  was  the  former  Chief  Execu(cid:415)ve  of  Affretair.    In  1999,  Godfrey  was 
appointed as CEO of the Civil Avia(cid:415)on Authority in Zimbabwe, a posi(cid:415)on he held 
un(cid:415)l  2001.  Currently  Godfrey  is  the  Chief  Execu(cid:415)ve  of  Beta  Holding,  the  largest 
infrastructure supply manufacturer in Zimbabwe. 

Dr Luo Wei – Non-Execu(cid:415)ve Director 

Dr  Wei  has  a  PhD  in  Mineral  Prospec(cid:415)ng  and  Explora(cid:415)on  from  Central  South 
University.    With  over  a  decade  of  experience  in  the  mining  and  explora(cid:415)on 
industry Dr Wei has extensive experience in project management and op(cid:415)misa(cid:415)on 
with a focus on resource development. 

11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DIRECTORS REPORT 

Results 

The audited financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2023 are set out on pages 32 to 87. The Group 
reported a loss before and a(cid:332)er tax of $20.813 million for the year ended 31 December 2023 (2022: loss $5.803 
million). 

The loss before and a(cid:332)er tax includes: 

• 

• 

• 

A gross trading loss before deprecia(cid:415)on and amor(cid:415)sa(cid:415)on is $3.805 million (2022: $nil). 

Administra(cid:415)on expenses amoun(cid:415)ng to $10.645 million (2022: $4.622 million). 

Finance costs amoun(cid:415)ng to $5.818 million (2022: $nil). 

The total comprehensive loss for the year amounted to $21.312 million (2022: Loss $13.646 million).  

Dividends 

The Directors do not recommend the payment of a dividend in respect of the year under review. 

Fund-raising and capital 

During the 2023 financial year net funds of $17.542 million were raised through direct subscrip(cid:415)ons from the 
issue of new ordinary shares (2022: $14.838 million). 

There remains an ac(cid:415)ve and very liquid market for the Group’s shares.  

Borrowings 

During the financial year, no addi(cid:415)onal borrowings were raised. 

Other key elements of financial posi(cid:415)on 

The Company’s holdings in Vortex Ltd amount to $0.501 million  

The Company’s holdings in MNH amount to $nil (2022: $nil).  

The Company’s investment in property, plant and equipment during the year was $53.234 million (2022: $35.997 
million). 

Events a(cid:332)er the repor(cid:415)ng date 

At the date these financial statements were approved, the Directors were not aware of any significant events 
a(cid:332)er the repor(cid:415)ng date other than those set out in note 32 to the financial statements. 

Directors 

The Directors of Premier who served during the period or subsequently were: 

• 
• 
• 
• 

George Roach (appointed on incorpora(cid:415)on April 2007) 
Godfrey Manhambara (appointed 27 September 2017) 
Wolfgang Hampel (appointed 10 April 2018) 
Dr Luo Wei (appointed 30 April 2022) 

12 

 
 
 
Directors’ Fiduciary Statement 

The Directors acknowledge their  fiduciary du(cid:415)es and consider  that they have, both  individually and together, 
acted in the way that, in good faith, would be most likely to promote the success of the Company for the benefit 
of its members as a whole. In doing so, they have had regard (amongst other ma(cid:425)ers) to: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

The likely consequences of any decision in the long term. The Group’s long-term strategic objec(cid:415)ves, 
including  progress  made  during the  year and principal  risks to these objec(cid:415)ves, are  shown  in  the 
strategic report and the key performance indicators. 
The interests of the Company’s employees. Our employees are fundamental to us achieving our long-
term strategic objec(cid:415)ves. 
The  impact  of  the  Company’s  opera(cid:415)ons  on  the  community  and  the  environment.  The  Group 
operates honestly and transparently. We consider the impact on the environment on our day-to-day 
opera(cid:415)ons and how we can minimise this.  
The desirability of the Company maintaining a reputa(cid:415)on for high standards of business conduct. Our 
inten(cid:415)on  is  to  behave  in  a  responsible  manner,  opera(cid:415)ng  within  the  high  standard  of  business 
conduct and good corporate governance.  
The need to act fairly as between members of the Company. Our inten(cid:415)on is to behave responsibly 
towards  our  shareholders  and  treat  them  fairly  and  equally  so  that  they  may  benefit  from  the 
successful delivery of our strategic objec(cid:415)ves. 

Share capital 

Premier’s  shares  are  publicly  traded  on  AIM  with  the  stock  (cid:415)cker  of  PREM.  As  at  31  December  2023,  the 
Company’s issued share capital consists of 26,634,455,000 (note 18) Ordinary Shares of no-par value.  

The company does not hold any Ordinary Shares in treasury. 

Major Shareholders 

As at 28 June 2024 the Company was aware of the following persons who hold, directly or indirectly, vo(cid:415)ng rights 
represen(cid:415)ng 3% or more of the issued share capital of the Company to which vo(cid:415)ng rights are a(cid:425)ached: 

Name 

Number of Ordinary Shares 

% Issued Share Capital  

Canmax (formerly Suzhou TA&A Ultra 
Clean Technology Co. Ltd) 

4,428,571,428 

George Roach* 

1,246,514,207 

 14.11% 

3.9% 

* George Roach and/or structures associated with G Roach.  

There are no restric(cid:415)ons on the transfer of the Company’s AIM securi(cid:415)es. 

13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
_____________________ 

George Roach 

Chief Execu(cid:415)ve Officer  

28 June 2024 

14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE STATEMENT 

Premier is commi(cid:425)ed to maintaining the highest standards in corporate governance throughout its opera(cid:415)ons 
and to ensure all its prac(cid:415)ces are conducted transparently, morally, and efficiently. Therefore, and in accordance 
with  the  AIM  Rules  for  Companies  (March  2018),  Premier  seeks  to  comply  with  the  provisions  of  The  UK 
Corporate  Governance  Code  2018 as published  by the  Financial Repor(cid:415)ng Council  Limited, to  the  extent  the 
Board consider appropriate, given the Company's size, stage of development and resources (the "Code"). The 
Code was updated in January 2024 and will apply to financial years beginning on or a(cid:332)er 1 January 2025. The 
2018 code remains in effect at this (cid:415)me. 

Throughout  the  Repor(cid:415)ng  Period,  the  Company  has  con(cid:415)nued  to  adhere  to  this  Code  and  the  following 
statement sets out how the Company complies or otherwise departs from the principles of the Code. 

Premier constantly seeks to maintain the highest levels of corporate governance whereby the Company ensures 
that a periodic review of the Company’s corporate governance is done. Following this recent review, there have 
been no corporate governance issues iden(cid:415)fied by Premier. 

Accordingly, the Company has established specific commi(cid:425)ees and implemented certain policies, to ensure that: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

It  is  led  by  an  experienced  Board  which  is  collec(cid:415)vely  responsible  for  the  long-term  success  of  the 
Company. 
The Board and the commi(cid:425)ees have the appropriate balance of skills, experience, independence, and 
knowledge of the  Company to enable them to discharge their respec(cid:415)ve du(cid:415)es and responsibili(cid:415)es 
effec(cid:415)vely. 
The Board establish a formal and transparent arrangement for considering how it applies the corporate 
repor(cid:415)ng,  risk  management  and  internal  control  principles  and  for  maintaining  an  appropriate 
rela(cid:415)onship with the Company's auditors. 
There is a dialogue with shareholders based on the mutual understanding of objec(cid:415)ves. 

During the  year,  the board of  directors held  one  formal board  mee(cid:415)ng  that  was a(cid:425)ended by  all members  in 
office. Due to the ongoing medical issues pertaining to one of the members of the board of directors, the board 
of directors have elected to hold a number of informal virtual board calls with the a(cid:425)endance of most of the 
directors  in  office  to  discuss  the  opera(cid:415)ons  of  the  Company.  Since  the  year  end,  the  board  con(cid:415)nued  to 
implement the policy of holding informal board calls as so required and is also in the process of ac(cid:415)vely looking 
to strengthen the board of directors. The various commi(cid:425)ees of the Company have con(cid:415)nued to meet from (cid:415)me 
to (cid:415)me in accordance with the requirements of the Company’s ongoing opera(cid:415)ons. 

In addi(cid:415)on, the Company has adopted a comprehensive suite of policies including: 

• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

An(cid:415)-corrup(cid:415)on and bribery. 
Health and safety. 
Environment and community. 
IT, communica(cid:415)ons, and systems.  
social media. 

The  Code  follows  5  Main  Principles,  which  are  herein  assessed  in  accordance  with  Premier  commitment  to 
maintain the highest levels of corporate governance. 

1. 

Leadership 

The Role of the Board of Directors 

The Board is responsible for the management of the business of the Company, se(cid:427)ng its strategic direc(cid:415)on and 
establishing  appropriate  policies.  It  is  the  Directors’  responsibility  to  oversee  the  financial  posi(cid:415)on  of  the 

15 

 
 
 
Company and monitor its business and affairs on behalf of the Shareholders, to whom they are accountable. The 
primary duty of the Board is always to act in the best interests of the Company. The Board also addresses issues 
rela(cid:415)ng to internal control and risk management. The Non-execu(cid:415)ve Directors bring a wide range of skills and 
experience  to  the  Company,  as  well  as  independent  judgment  on  strategy,  risk,  and  performance.  The  Non-
execu(cid:415)ve  Directors  are  considered  by  the  Board  to  be  independent  at  the  date  of  this  report.  To  achieve  its 
objec(cid:415)ves, the Board strictly adheres to the Code. 

The Board meets at least three (cid:415)mes a year with supplementary mee(cid:415)ngs held as required. The agenda for the 
Board mee(cid:415)ngs is prepared jointly by the Chairman and CEO. The Board maintains annual rolling plan (“Agenda”) 
of items for discussion to ensure that all ma(cid:425)ers reserved for the Board, with other items as appropriate, are 
addressed. The agenda, with all accompanying documents, generally includes the following: 

• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

Review of previous minutes. 
Discussion on various project ac(cid:415)vi(cid:415)es and market condi(cid:415)ons. 
Management Accounts and Financial posi(cid:415)on. 
Corporate Ma(cid:425)ers. 
Other business ma(cid:425)ers that Board members can freely raise beyond the defined Agenda. 

The Annual Accounts of Premier best reflects the Board key types of decisions that the Board are required to 
take  in  their  pursuant  of  maintaining  the  highest  levels  of  corporate  governance.  The  following  ma(cid:425)ers  are 
reserved for the Board. 

• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

Strategy, Policy, and Management. 
Group Structure and capital requirements. 
Financial repor(cid:415)ng and controls. 
Internal and External controls. 
Transac(cid:415)ons and Commercial Contracts including delega(cid:415)on authority. 
Board structure. 
Corporate governance ma(cid:425)ers. 

Premier  has  established  varies  commi(cid:425)ees  to  assist  the  Board  in  maintain  the  highest  levels  of  corporate 
governance. Of these commi(cid:425)ees, the following two strongly assist the decision making of the Board. 

Audit Commi(cid:425)ee 

The  Audit  Commi(cid:425)ee  (“AC”),  which  comprises  of  George  Roach  and  is  chaired  by  Godfrey  Manhambara,  is 
responsible for the appointment of auditors and the audit fee, and for ensuring that the financial performance 
of the Company is properly monitored and reported. The Audit Commi(cid:425)ee, inter alia, meets with the Company's 
external auditor and its senior financial management to review the annual and interim financial statements of 
the  Company,  oversees  the  Company's  accoun(cid:415)ng  and  financial  repor(cid:415)ng  processes,  the  Company's  internal 
accoun(cid:415)ng controls and the resolu(cid:415)on of issues iden(cid:415)fied by the Company's auditors. 

Other key aspects of the AC include: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

Reviewing  the  Company's  accoun(cid:415)ng  policies  and  reports  produced  by  internal  and  external  audit 
func(cid:415)ons. 
Considering  whether  the  Company  has  followed  appropriate  accoun(cid:415)ng  standards  and  made 
appropriate es(cid:415)mates and judgements, considering the views of the external auditor. 
Repor(cid:415)ng  its  views  to  the  board  of  directors  if  it  is  not  sa(cid:415)sfied  with  any  aspect  of  the  proposed 
financial repor(cid:415)ng by the Company. 
Reviewing the  adequacy  and effec(cid:415)veness  of  the Company’s  internal financial  controls  and  internal 
control and risk management systems.  

16 

 
 
 
• 

• 

Reviewing  the  adequacy  and  effec(cid:415)veness  of  the  Company's  an(cid:415)-money  laundering  systems  and 
controls for the preven(cid:415)on of bribery and receive reports on non-compliance. 
Overseeing the appointment of and the rela(cid:415)onship with the external auditor. 

Remunera(cid:415)on Commi(cid:425)ee 

The  Remunera(cid:415)on  Commi(cid:425)ee  comprises  of  George  Roach  and  is  chaired  by  Godfrey  Manhambara.  The 
Remunera(cid:415)on  Commi(cid:425)ee  assumes  general  responsibility  for  assis(cid:415)ng  the  Board  in  respect  of  remunera(cid:415)on 
policies for Premier.  The Commi(cid:425)ee  reviews and recommends  remunera(cid:415)on strategies for  the  Company and 
proposals  rela(cid:415)ng  to  compensa(cid:415)on  for  the  Company's  officers,  directors  and  consultants  and  assesses  the 
performance of the officers of the Company in fulfilling their responsibili(cid:415)es and mee(cid:415)ng corporate objec(cid:415)ves. 
It has the responsibility for, inter alia, administering share and cash incen(cid:415)ve plans and programmes for Directors 
and  employees  and  for  approving  (or  making  recommenda(cid:415)ons  to  the  Board  on)  share  and  cash  awards  for 
Directors and employees. 

The Commi(cid:425)ee is sa(cid:415)sfied that the advice received has been objec(cid:415)ve and independent as at the date of this 
report. 

The Division of Responsibility of the Board of Directors 

It is important that the Board itself contains the right mix of skills and experience to deliver the strategy of the 
Company. The roles of the Chairman and Chief Execu(cid:415)ve Officer (“CEO”) are split and Godfrey Manhambara acts 
as chairman. There is no  one  individual  or  group of  individuals on  the  Board  that  have unfe(cid:425)ered  powers of 
discre(cid:415)on nor is there any undue influence in the collec(cid:415)ve decision-making ability of the Board. 

The responsibili(cid:415)es of the Chairman, CEO and Non-execu(cid:415)ve director are set out in wri(cid:415)ng and are reviewed by 
the Board annually to ensure that it remains relevant and accurate. In brief summary, they are responsible as 
follows: 

• 

• 

• 

The Chairman’s role is to lead and manage the Board and play a role in facilita(cid:415)ng the discussion of the 
Company’s strategy, as set by the Board. And to effec(cid:415)vely promote the success of the Company. 
The  CEO’s  role,  including  the  role  of  the  Technical  Director,  is  the  responsibility  of  the  day-to-day 
management of the Company’s opera(cid:415)onal ac(cid:415)vi(cid:415)es, and for the proper execu(cid:415)on of the stage as set 
by the Board.  
The  Non-execu(cid:415)ve  directors,  act  as  a  member  of  the  unitary  Board,  however,  they  are  required  to 
construc(cid:415)vely  challenge  performance  of  management  and  help  develop  proposals  on  strategy, 
agreeing of goals and the Company key objec(cid:415)ves.  

2.  Effec(cid:415)veness  

The Composi(cid:415)on of the Board  

The  Board  and  its  commi(cid:425)ees  should  have  the  appropriate  balance  of  skills,  experience,  independence,  and 
knowledge of the Company to enable them to discharge their respec(cid:415)ve du(cid:415)es and responsibili(cid:415)es effec(cid:415)vely. 

 As such, the Board has been structured to ensure that correct mix of skills and experience are in place to allow 
it to operate effec(cid:415)vely: 

• 

• 

An independent Chairman (Godfrey Manhambara), whose primary responsibility to lead and manage 
the  Board.  This  remains  vital  in  the  delivery  of  the  Company's  corporate  governance  model.  The 
Chairman has a clear separa(cid:415)on from the day-to-day business of the Company which allows him to 
make independent decisions. 
a  CEO  (George  Roach),  whose  primary  focus  is  communica(cid:415)ng,  on  behalf  of  the  Company,  with 
shareholders, government en(cid:415)(cid:415)es, and the public. Leading the development of the Company's short- 
and long-term strategy. 

17 

 
 
 
• 

• 

a Technical Director (Wolfgang Hampel), whose is responsible for leading, co-ordina(cid:415)ng, and op(cid:415)mising 
the performance of both mining and explora(cid:415)on services. With a further responsibility for geological 
and mine planning ac(cid:415)vi(cid:415)es, his role is cri(cid:415)cal in ensuring the quality and efficiency of Premier geology, 
and 
A further Non-Execu(cid:415)ve Director (Dr Luo Wei).  

The Code requires that a smaller company (and which the Company is under the Code) should have at least two 
independent  non-execu(cid:415)ve  directors.  Godfrey  Manhambara  is  independent  under  the  Code.  The  Board  also 
regards Wolfgang Hampel as independent, notwithstanding that he par(cid:415)cipates in the Company’s share op(cid:415)on 
plan  and  provides  some  technical  advice  to  the  board.  The  Board  is  sa(cid:415)sfied  that  Wolfgang  Hampel  acts 
independently  irrespec(cid:415)ve  of  these  interests.  The  Board  also  notes  that  no  single  individual  will  dominate 
decision making and further notes that there has been sufficient challenge of execu(cid:415)ve management at mee(cid:415)ngs 
of the Board thereby confirming that the Board is capable of opera(cid:415)ng effec(cid:415)vely.  

The Board has not appointed a senior Finance Director but is ac(cid:415)vely seeking for the appropriate candidate with 
financial exper(cid:415)se to provide board oversight on all report prepared by the group financial manager, Mr Tomas 
Apetauer  who  is  a  chartered  accountant  with  extensive  audit  and  financial  management  experience. 
Addi(cid:415)onally, the Company has a Company Secretary in the United Kingdom who assists the Chairman and CEO 
in  preparing  for  and  running  effec(cid:415)ve  board  mee(cid:415)ngs,  including  the  (cid:415)mely  dissemina(cid:415)on  of  appropriate 
informa(cid:415)on. The Company Secretary provides advice and guidance to the extent required by the Board on the 
legal and regulatory environment. 

The Nomina(cid:415)on Commi(cid:425)ee (“NC”) has been established to regularly review and ensure that the Board has the 
appropriate balance of skills, experience, and knowledge of the Company. NC meets as required to consider the 
composi(cid:415)on of and succession planning for the Board, and to lead the process of appointments to the Board. 
The Commi(cid:425)ee is made up of George Roach and Wolfgang Hampel and is chaired by George Roach. 

Other key aspects of the NC include: 

• 

• 

regularly reviewing the structure, size, and composi(cid:415)on (including the skills, knowledge, experience, 
and diversity) of the board and make recommenda(cid:415)ons to the board about any changes, succession 
planning and vacancies; and 
iden(cid:415)fying suitable candidates from a wide range of backgrounds to be considered for posi(cid:415)ons on the 
board. 

Appointments to the Board 

The  appointment  of  new  Directors  to  the  Board  is  led  by  the  NC  who  has  the  responsibility  for  nomina(cid:415)ng 
candidates for appointment. Both the NC and Board considers the need for diversity, including equality, and that 
the new directors must exhibit the required skills, experience, knowledge, and independence. 

The Board acknowledges that the Company is not in compliance with the Code whereby the NC should comprise 
a  majority  of  independent  directors.  The  Board  considers  that  the  NC  has  a  strong  enough  independent 
component with Godfrey Manhambara. 

Commitment 

The Board requires that all directors should be able to allocate sufficient (cid:415)me to the Company to discharge their 
responsibili(cid:415)es  in  accordance  their  le(cid:425)er  of  appointment.  The  Company  maintains  records  of  each  le(cid:425)er  of 
appointment, which can be inspected at an agreed (cid:415)me, at the Company’s registered office. 

The NC is responsible for considering on an annual basis, whether each director is able to devote sufficient (cid:415)me 
to their du(cid:415)es. 

18 

 
 
 
Development  

All directors are required to familiarise themselves with the Board and should regularly update and refresh their 
skills  and  knowledge.  The  Company  provides  each  joining  director  with  an  induc(cid:415)on  on  the  Company.  Each 
induc(cid:415)on is tailored to the specific background and requirements of the new director. In general, the induc(cid:415)on 
contains informa(cid:415)on on: 

• 
• 
• 
• 

Structures and opera(cid:415)ons. 
Board procedures. 
Corporate Governance. 
Details regarding their du(cid:415)es and responsibili(cid:415)es. 

Informa(cid:415)on and Support 

As  Premier  constantly  seeks  to  maintain  the  highest  levels  of  corporate  governance,  it  is  impera(cid:415)ve  that 
informa(cid:415)on is supplied to the Board in a form and of a quality appropriate to enable the Board to discharge its 
du(cid:415)es in a (cid:415)mely  manner. The supply of  the informa(cid:415)on is done by the Chairman with the assistance of  the 
Company Secretary. 

Premier encourage all Board members to seek independent professional advice (at the reasonable expense of 
the  Company)  in  the  furtherance  of  their  du(cid:415)es.  The  Board  is  given  sufficient  opportunity  to  meet  with  any 
manager, consultant, or contractor to gain further insight into Premier. 

Evalua(cid:415)on  

The Board recognises that it should undertake a formal and rigorous annual evalua(cid:415)on of its own performance, 
that of its commi(cid:425)ees and individual directors.  

The evalua(cid:415)on of the Board’s performance is an assessment of the following key factors: 

• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

The Board structure. 
The Board’s performance. 
The Board business strategy. 
Financial repor(cid:415)ng and controls. 
Performance monitoring. 
Suppor(cid:415)ng and advisory roles. 

The Board is not in compliance with the Code as the evalua(cid:415)on process is usually conducted internally due to 
the  size  and  complexity  of  the  opera(cid:415)ons  of  the  Company.  Furthermore,  the  Board  believes  that  internal 
assessment best help iden(cid:415)fy the key strength and weaknesses to allow for effec(cid:415)ve evalua(cid:415)on. The Board will 
con(cid:415)nue to assess the internal review process against the growth of the Company as should the Company grow 
in size it may consider ge(cid:427)ng an independent assessment. 

Re-elec(cid:415)on 

The  Board  believe  that  all  directors  should  be  submi(cid:425)ed  for  re-elec(cid:415)on  at  regular  intervals,  subject  to  the 
con(cid:415)nued sa(cid:415)sfactory performance of the Company. 

The  Director  longest  in  office  since  their  last  appointment  is  required  to  re(cid:415)re  by  rota(cid:415)on  or  stand  for 
reappointment at the Annual General Mee(cid:415)ng (“AGM”). 

19 

 
 
 
3.  Accountability  

Financial and Business repor(cid:415)ng  

A key duty of the Board is to oversee the financial affairs of the Company. The Financial Statements is the Board’s 
primary means of presen(cid:415)ng a fair, balanced and understandable assessment of the Company’s posi(cid:415)ons that 
also  best  provides  the  informa(cid:415)on  necessary  to  allow  shareholders  to  assess  the  Company’s  performance, 
business model and strategy for that period. 

You  can  view  Premier  Annual  Report  and  Financial  Statements  on  the  Company’s  webpage  at  the  following 
address, www.premierafricanminerals.com. Under the Strategic Review sec(cid:415)on of the Company’s Annual Report 
and Financial Statements for the year ended December 2023, the Board set outs the strategic objec(cid:415)ves of the 
Company, how these will be delivered, Premier business model and how the Company will generate and preserve 
value over the longer term for shareholders. 

The Board have a reasonable expecta(cid:415)on that the Group has adequate resources to con(cid:415)nue in opera(cid:415)ons or 
existence  for the  foreseeable  future thus  con(cid:415)nues to  adopt the  going  concern basis  in  preparing  its Annual 
Report and Financial Statements. Refer to note 5 to the financial statements. 

Risk Management and Internal Control 

The  Board  is  responsible  for  determining  the  nature  and  extent  of  the  significant  risks  it  is  willing  to  take  in 
achieving its strategic objec(cid:415)ves. The Board manages the risk through the implementa(cid:415)on of internal control 
systems. 

The Board has iden(cid:415)fied the following as some of the risks and their mi(cid:415)ga(cid:415)on: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

Credit  Risk:  Credit  risk  is  the  risk  of  poten(cid:415)al  loss  to  the  Company  if  counterparty  to  a  financial 
instrument fails to meet its contractual obliga(cid:415)ons. The Company’s credit risk is primarily a(cid:425)ributable 
to its liquid financial assets, including cash, receivables, and balances receivable from the government. 
The Company limits the exposure to credit risk in its cash by only inves(cid:415)ng its cash with high-credit 
quality financial ins(cid:415)tu(cid:415)ons in business and savings accounts, guaranteed investment cer(cid:415)ficates and 
in government treasury bills which are available on demand by the Company for its programs.  
Liquidity  Risk:  Liquidity  risk  is  the  risk  that  the  Company  will  not  have  the  resources  to  meet  its 
obliga(cid:415)ons as they fall due. The Company manages this risk by closely monitoring cash forecasts and 
managing resources to ensure that it will have enough liquidity to meet its obliga(cid:415)ons. 
Opera(cid:415)ng  Risks:  The  ac(cid:415)vi(cid:415)es  of  the  Company  are  subject  to  all  of  the  hazards  and  risks  normally 
incidental to exploring and developing natural resource projects. These risks and uncertain(cid:415)es include, 
but  are  not  limited  to  environmental  hazards,  industrial  accidents,  Covid-19,  labour  disputes,  geo-
poli(cid:415)cal risks, encountering unusual or unexpected geologic forma(cid:415)ons or other geological or grade 
problems, unan(cid:415)cipated changes in rock forma(cid:415)on characteris(cid:415)cs and mineral recovery, encountering 
unan(cid:415)cipated ground or water condi(cid:415)ons, land slips, flooding, periodic interrup(cid:415)ons due to inclement 
or  hazardous  weather  condi(cid:415)ons  and  other  acts  of  God  or  un-favourable  opera(cid:415)ng  condi(cid:415)ons  and 
losses. The  Company  manages  the  risk  by closing  monitoring opera(cid:415)ons and  maintaining adequate 
insurance cover. 
Early-stage Business Risk: The Board manages this risk by monitoring cash levels and reviewing cash 
flow forecasts on a regular basis. 
Market Risk (exchange rates, commodity, and equity): Market risk is the risk of loss that may arise from 
changes in market factors such as interest rates, foreign exchange rates, and commodity and equity 
prices. The Company manages the risk by closing monitoring exchange rates, commodity, and equity 
markets. The Company further engages consultants to undertake commodity forecasts.   
Interest Rate Risk: The Company  is exposed to interest rate risk to the extent that its cash balances 
bear variable rates of interest. The interest rate risks on cash and short-term investments and on the 
Company’s, obliga(cid:415)ons are not considered significant and is not mi(cid:415)gated at this (cid:415)me. 

20 

 
• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

Foreign Currency Risk:  The Company is exposed to the financial risk related to the fluctua(cid:415)on of foreign 
exchange rates against the Company’s func(cid:415)onal currency, which is the United States dollar (“USD”).  
The Company has not hedged its exposure to currency fluctua(cid:415)ons. 
Environmental Risks and Hazards: All phases of the Company’s opera(cid:415)ons are subject to environmental 
regula(cid:415)on in the areas in which it operates. The Board manages this risk by working with environmental 
consultants  and  by  engaging  with  the  relevant  governmental  departments  and  other  concerned 
stakeholders. 
Licencing Risk: The Company’s explora(cid:415)on and development ac(cid:415)vi(cid:415)es are dependent upon the grant 
of appropriate licences, concessions, leases, permits and regulatory consents which may be withdrawn 
or made  subject  to limita(cid:415)ons or performance  criteria. Such  licences and  permits are  as a prac(cid:415)cal 
ma(cid:425)er subject to the discre(cid:415)on of the applicable Government or Government office. The Group must 
comply with known standards, exis(cid:415)ng laws and regula(cid:415)ons that may entail greater or lesser costs and 
delays depending on the nature of the ac(cid:415)vity to be permi(cid:425)ed. The interpreta(cid:415)ons, amendments to 
exis(cid:415)ng laws and regula(cid:415)ons, or more stringent enforcement of exis(cid:415)ng laws and regula(cid:415)ons  could 
have a material adverse impact on the Group’s results of opera(cid:415)ons and financial condi(cid:415)on. Whilst the 
Company con(cid:415)nually seeks to do everything within its control to ensure that the terms of each licence 
are met and adhered to, third par(cid:415)es may seek to exploit any technical breaches in licence terms for 
their own benefit. There is a risk that nego(cid:415)a(cid:415)ons with a Government in rela(cid:415)on to the grant, renewal 
or extension of a licence may not result in the grant, renewal or extension taking effect prior to the 
expiry of the previous licence period, and there can be no assurance of the terms of any extension, 
renewal, or grant. 
Poli(cid:415)cal and  Regulatory Risk:  The Company opera(cid:415)ng ac(cid:415)vi(cid:415)es  in Africa,  notably  in Zimbabwe, and 
Namibia, are subject to laws and regula(cid:415)ons governing expropria(cid:415)on of property, health and worker 
safety, employment standards, waste disposal, protec(cid:415)on of the environment, mine development, land 
and water use, prospec(cid:415)ng, mineral produc(cid:415)on, exports, taxes, labour standards, occupa(cid:415)onal health 
standards, toxic wastes, the protec(cid:415)on of endangered and protected species and other ma(cid:425)ers. The 
Group is dependent on the poli(cid:415)cal and economic situa(cid:415)on in these countries and may be adversely 
impacted by poli(cid:415)cal factors such as expropria(cid:415)on, war, terrorism, insurrec(cid:415)on, and changes to laws 
governing mineral explora(cid:415)on and opera(cid:415)ons. 
Internal Control and Financial Risk Management: The Board has overall responsibility for the Group’s 
systems of internal control and for reviewing their effec(cid:415)veness. The Group maintains systems which 
are designed to provide reasonable but not absolute assurance against material loss and to manage 
rather than eliminate risk. 

The Board has overall responsibility for maintaining and reviewing the Group’s system of internal control and 
ensuring that the controls are robust and effec(cid:415)ve in enabling risks to be appropriately assessed and managed. 

Refer to the principal risks and uncertain(cid:415)es as set out in the Strategic Report for addi(cid:415)onal informa(cid:415)on on these 
risks. 

On behalf of the Board, the AC conducts an annual review of the effec(cid:415)veness of the systems of internal control 
including financial, opera(cid:415)onal and compliance controls and risk management systems. 

Audit Commi(cid:425)ee and Auditors  

The func(cid:415)ons of the AC are clearly described as part of the Leadership func(cid:415)on in this note.  

Whilst the Board sets the Company risk appe(cid:415)te, it reviews the opera(cid:415)ons and effec(cid:415)veness of the Company’s 
risk management ac(cid:415)vi(cid:415)es through the AC, which undertake the day-to-day oversight of the risk management 
framework on behalf of the Board. The Chairman of the AC regularly provides an update on the work carried out 
by the AC to the board. 

It  is  noted  that  the  AC  follow  the  recommenda(cid:415)ons  of  the  Code  whereby  they  monitor  and  review  the 
effec(cid:415)veness  of  the  internal  audit  ac(cid:415)vi(cid:415)es.  However,  at  this  (cid:415)me,  the  Board  have  determined  that  the 
appointment of internal auditor is not required due to the size of the Company.  

21 

 
 
4.  Remunera(cid:415)on 

The Level and Components of Remunera(cid:415)on 

Execu(cid:415)ve  directors’  remunera(cid:415)on  should  be  designed  to  promote  the  long-term  success  of  the  Company. 
Performance-related elements should be transparent, stretching and rigorously applied. The Board delegates the 
responsibility for se(cid:427)ng the appropriate levels of remunera(cid:415)on for its directors to the Remunera(cid:415)on Commi(cid:425)ee. 

The levels of Remunera(cid:415)on to directors are disclosed to shareholders in Premier Annual Report and Financial 
Statements. Both the Board and Remunera(cid:415)on Commi(cid:425)ee seek to provide appropriate reward for the skill and 
(cid:415)me commitment required so at to retain the right calibre of director at a cost to the Company and which reflects 
the current market rates. 

Procedure  

The Board have a formal and transparent procedure for developing policy on the execu(cid:415)ve remunera(cid:415)on and for 
fixing the remunera(cid:415)on packages of individual directors. As strict policy, no director is involved in deciding their 
own remunera(cid:415)on. 

The Remunera(cid:415)on Commi(cid:425)ee consider and approves the remunera(cid:415)on and where applicable, incen(cid:415)ves and 
benefits, and makes recommenda(cid:415)ons to the Board. The Commi(cid:425)ee will also govern employee share schemes. 
The  Chairman  of  the  Commi(cid:425)ee  will  be  consulted  by  the  CEO  in  respect  of  the  Company  and  director’s 
performance approvals, compensa(cid:415)on and in respect of any appointment/departures from roles. 

The remunera(cid:415)on of non-execu(cid:415)ve directors shall be a ma(cid:425)er for the execu(cid:415)ve members of the Board.  

The Company has adopted a share dealing code to ensure directors and certain employees do not abuse, and do 
not  place  themselves  under  suspicion  of  abusing  inside  informa(cid:415)on  of  which  they  are  in  possession  and  to 
comply with its obliga(cid:415)ons under MAR which applies to the Company by virtue of its shares being traded on AIM. 
Furthermore, the Company's share dealing code is compliant with the AIM Rules for Companies published by 
the London Stock Exchange (as amended from (cid:415)me to (cid:415)me).  

Under the share dealing code, the Company must: 

• 

• 
• 

• 

Disclose all inside informa(cid:415)on to the public as soon as possible by way of market announcement unless 
certain circumstances exist in which the disclosure of the inside informa(cid:415)on may be delayed. 
Keep a list of each person who is in possession of inside informa(cid:415)on rela(cid:415)ng to the Company. 
Procure  that  all  persons  discharging  managerial  responsibili(cid:415)es  and  certain  employees  are  given 
clearance by the Company before they are allowed to trade in Company securi(cid:415)es; and 
Procure that all persons discharging managerial responsibili(cid:415)es and persons closely associated to them 
no(cid:415)fy both the Company and the Financial Conduct Authority of all trades in Company securi(cid:415)es that 
they make. 

Addi(cid:415)onally, under the share dealing code, no person discharging managerial responsibili(cid:415)es is permi(cid:425)ed to deal 
in Company securi(cid:415)es (whether directly or through an investment manager) during a closed period; being the 
period either: from the end of the relevant financial year up to the release of the preliminary announcement of 
the Company’s annual results; from the end of the relevant financial period up to the release of the Company’s 
half-yearly financial report or; 30 calendar days before the release of each of the Company’s first quarter report 
and third quarter report. 

For details of the directors’ remunera(cid:415)on refer to note 27. 

22 

 
 
5.  Rela(cid:415)ons with Shareholders 

Dialogue with shareholders  

The Company recognises that maintaining strong communica(cid:415)ons with its shareholders promotes transparency 
and will drive value in the medium to long-term. Accordingly, the Company has an established programme to 
communicate  with  shareholders.  This  done  by  providing  regular  updates  on  the  progress  of  the  Company, 
detailing recent business and strategy developments, in news releases which will be posted on the Company's 
website and through certain social media channels.  

The Board has responsibility for approval and  monitoring compliance  with the Company’s disclosure controls 
and  procedures.  It  has  the  responsibility,  inter  alia,  determining  whether  informa(cid:415)on  is  inside  informa(cid:415)on, 
deciding  whether  the  inside  informa(cid:415)on  is  to  be  announced  as  soon  as  possible  and  reviewing  the  scope, 
content, and accuracy of disclosure. The Company has adopted a share dealing code governing the share dealings 
of the Directors and applicable employees during close periods and is in accordance with Rule 21 of the AIM 
Rules. 

The CEO is contactable via email. Their email address can be obtained at either the Company’s registered office 
or by reques(cid:415)ng them at the below address. To con(cid:415)nually improve transparency, the Board would be delighted 
to 
to 
info@premierafricanminerals.com.  The  CEO  has  been  appointed  to  manage  the  rela(cid:415)onship  between  the 
Company and its shareholders and will review and report to the Board on any communica(cid:415)ons received. 

Communica(cid:415)ons 

shareholders. 

feedback 

directed 

receive 

should 

from 

be 

Construc(cid:415)ve Use of General Mee(cid:415)ngs  

The  Company  holds  AGM  each  year,  whereby  all  of  the  directors  aim  to  a(cid:425)end  the  AGM  and  value  the 
opportunity of welcoming individual shareholders and other investors to communicate directly and address their 
ques(cid:415)ons. 

In addi(cid:415)on to the mandatory informa(cid:415)on required and procedures to calling a general mee(cid:415)ng, which can be 
found under the Company’s cons(cid:415)tu(cid:415)onal documents on the webpage, the Board ensure that a full, fair, and 
balanced explana(cid:415)on of business of all general mee(cid:415)ngs is sent in advance to shareholders. 

Statement of directors’ responsibili(cid:415)es 

The directors are responsible for preparing the annual report and financial statements and have prepared the 
Group financial statements in accordance with UK adopted Interna(cid:415)onal Accoun(cid:415)ng Standards in order to give 
a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Group and of its profit or loss for that period, in accordance with 
the rules of the London Stock Exchange for companies trading securi(cid:415)es on AIM.  

In preparing these financial statements the directors are required to: 

• 
• 
• 

• 

select suitable accoun(cid:415)ng policies and then apply them consistently. 
make judgements and accoun(cid:415)ng es(cid:415)mates that are reasonable and prudent. 
state  whether  they  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  UK  adopted  Interna(cid:415)onal  Accoun(cid:415)ng 
Standards, subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements; and 
prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the 
Company and the Group will con(cid:415)nue in business. 

The  directors  are  responsible  for  keeping  records  that  are  sufficient  to  show  and  explain  the  Group  and 
Company’s  transac(cid:415)ons and will, at any  (cid:415)me,  enable the  financial posi(cid:415)on of the Group  and  Company  to be 
determined with reasonable accuracy. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Company and 
the  Group  and  hence  for  taking  reasonable  steps  for  the  preven(cid:415)on  and  detec(cid:415)on  of  fraud  and  other 
irregulari(cid:415)es. 

All  reports  and  accounts,  taken  as  a  whole,  is  fair,  balanced,  understandable,  and  provides  the  informa(cid:415)on 
necessary for shareholders to assess the Company’s posi(cid:415)on, performance, business model and strategy. 

23 

 
Statement of disclosure to auditor 

The directors who were in office at the date of approval of these financial statements have confirmed that, as far 
as they are aware, there is no relevant audit informa(cid:415)on of which the auditor is unaware. Each of the directors 
has confirmed that  they have taken all the steps that they ought to have taken as directors in order to make 
themselves  aware  of  any  relevant  audit  informa(cid:415)on  and  to  establish  that  it  has  been  communicated  to  the 
auditor. 

Viability statement and going concern 

The Board has assessed the prospects of the Group over a period of 12 months from the date of approval of 
these financial statements, involving a review of the Group’s forecast prepared for the 12 months ending 30 June 
2025. and taking account of the Board’s inten(cid:415)ons for future ac(cid:415)vi(cid:415)es a(cid:332)er that date. As explained further in 
note 5, taking account of the Group’s current posi(cid:415)on and principal risks, over a 12-month period, the Board has 
a reasonable expecta(cid:415)on that the Group will be able to con(cid:415)nue in opera(cid:415)on and meet its liabili(cid:415)es as they fall 
due over that period.  

The Board considers these periods of assessment to be appropriate because they contextualise the Company’s 
financial posi(cid:415)on, business model and strategy. 

George Roach 

Chief Execu(cid:415)ve Officer  

28 June 2024 

24 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NON-STATUTORY  INDEPENDENT  AUDITOR’S  REPORT  TO  THE  MEMBERS  OF  PREMIER 
AFRICAN MINERALS LIMITED 

Opinion on non-statutory financial statements 

We  have  audited  the  consolidated  non-statutory  financial  statements  of  Premier  African  Minerals  Ltd  (the 
‘Group’) for the year ended 31 December 2023 which comprise the consolidated statement of profit or loss and 
other comprehensive income, the consolidated statement of financial posi(cid:415)on, the consolidated statement of 
cash  flows,  the  consolidated  statement  of  changes  in  equity  and  the  related  notes,  including  a  summary  of 
significant accoun(cid:415)ng policies.  

The  financial  repor(cid:415)ng  framework  that  has  been  applied  in  the  prepara(cid:415)on  of  the  financial  statements  UK 
adopted interna(cid:415)onal accoun(cid:415)ng standards.  

In our opinion, the non-statutory financial statements: 

• 

• 

give a true and fair view of the state of the Group’s affairs as at 31 December 2023 and of the Group’s 
loss for the year then ended; 
have been properly prepared in accordance with UK adopted interna(cid:415)onal accoun(cid:415)ng standards. 

Basis for opinion 

We conducted our audit in accordance with UK adopted interna(cid:415)onal accoun(cid:415)ng standards. Our responsibili(cid:415)es 
under  those  standards  are  further  described  in  the  Auditor’s  responsibili(cid:415)es  for  the  audit  of  the  financial 
statements sec(cid:415)on of our report. We are independent of the Group in accordance with the ethical requirements 
that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard as applied to listed 
en(cid:415)(cid:415)es,  and  we  have  fulfilled  our  other  ethical  responsibili(cid:415)es  in  accordance  with  these  requirements.  We 
believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. 

Material uncertainty rela(cid:415)ng to going concern  

We draw a(cid:425)en(cid:415)on to the Strategic Report and note 5 in the financial statements, which indicates that the Group 
is loss making and has net current liabili(cid:415)es. As stated in note 5, these events or condi(cid:415)ons, along with the other 
ma(cid:425)ers as set forth in note 5 and the Strategic Report, indicate that a material uncertainty exists that may cast 
significant doubt on the Group’s ability to con(cid:415)nue as a going concern. Our opinion is not modified in respect of 
this ma(cid:425)er. 

In audi(cid:415)ng the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors’ use of the going concern  basis of 
accoun(cid:415)ng  in  the  prepara(cid:415)on  of  the  financial  statements  is  appropriate.  Our  evalua(cid:415)on  of  the  directors’ 
assessment of the en(cid:415)ty’s ability to con(cid:415)nue to adopt the going concern basis of accoun(cid:415)ng included: 

• 

• 

• 

Reviewing the cash flow forecasts prepared by management for the period up to December 2025, 
providing  challenge  to  key  assump(cid:415)ons,  reviewing  for  reasonableness  and  stress  tes(cid:415)ng  the 
forecasts. 
Reviewing  post-year  period  end  RNS  announcements  and  holding  detailed  discussions  with 
management about the current status of the Zulu plant and mine and what ac(cid:415)ons are available to 
the Group to resolve the issues with produc(cid:415)on, as well as any alterna(cid:415)ve plans if they cannot be 
resolved; and 
Assessing the adequacy of going concern disclosures within the financial statements. 

25 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Our responsibili(cid:415)es and the responsibili(cid:415)es of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the 
relevant sec(cid:415)ons of this report. 

An overview of the scope of our audit 

As part of designing our audit, we determined materiality and assessed the risks of material misstatement in the 
financial statements. In par(cid:415)cular, we looked at where the directors made subjec(cid:415)ve judgments, for example in 
respect of significant accoun(cid:415)ng es(cid:415)mates that involved making assump(cid:415)ons and considering future events that 
are inherently uncertain. As in all of our audits we also addressed the risk of management override of internal 
controls, including evalua(cid:415)ng  whether  there  was  evidence  of  bias by  the directors that represented  a  risk  of 
material misstatement due to fraud. 

How we tailored the audit scope 

We tailored the scope of our audit to ensure that we performed enough work to be able to give an opinion on 
the financial statements as a whole, taking into account the structure of the Group, the accoun(cid:415)ng processes 
and controls, and the industry in which they operate. 

The  Group  financial  statements  are  a  consolida(cid:415)on  of  repor(cid:415)ng  units,  comprising  the  Group’s  opera(cid:415)ng 
businesses and holding companies. 

We performed full scope audits of the financial informa(cid:415)on of the components within the Group which were 
individually  financially  significant  and  material.  We  also  performed  specified  audit  procedures  over  certain 
account  balances  and  transac(cid:415)on  classes  that  we  regarded  as  material  to  the  Group,  as  well  as  analy(cid:415)cal 
procedures, for components which were not  significant and not material. The audit work and specified audit 
procedures accounted for 100% of the Group’s consolidated expenditures and 100% of the Group’s absolute loss 
before tax (i.e. the sum of the numerical values without regard to whether they were profits or losses for the 
relevant repor(cid:415)ng units). 

Key Audit Ma(cid:425)ers 

Key audit ma(cid:425)ers are those ma(cid:425)ers that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit of 
the  financial  statements  of  the  current  period  and  include  the  most  significant  assessed  risks  of  material 
misstatement (whether or not due to fraud) we iden(cid:415)fied, including those which had the greatest effect on: the 
overall audit strategy, the alloca(cid:415)on of resources in the audit; and direc(cid:415)ng the efforts of the engagement team. 
These ma(cid:425)ers were addressed in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in forming 
our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these ma(cid:425)ers. This is not a complete list of 
all risks iden(cid:415)fied by our audit. 

Key audit matter 

How our audit addressed the key audit matter 

Valuation of the rehabilitation provision 

Valuation of the rehabilitation provision 

The  Group  has  recognised  a  rehabilita(cid:415)on  provision, 
under  IAS  37  –  con(cid:415)ngent  liabili(cid:415)es  and  con(cid:415)ngent 
assets, of $360,000 (2022: $360,000), in rela(cid:415)on to the 
future  costs  to  rehabilitate  the  current  mines  as  per 
regula(cid:415)on. 

The directors are required to assess the provision at 
the end of each reporting period and adjust to reflect 

We  have  understood  and  assessed  the  inputs  in 
calcula(cid:415)on of the liability. These were based on the 
original environmental impact assessment as carried 
out in 2015. We have also verified that there were 
no  applicable  changes  to  the  regula(cid:415)ons  which 
would  increase  the  liability  and  have  reviewed 
calcula(cid:415)ons for the unwinding of the provision. 

26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Key audit matter 

How our audit addressed the key audit matter 

their best estimates of the liability. 

Fair value of investments 

Fair value of investments 

The Group has recognised Investments of $501,000 
(2022: $501,000) as at the reporting date. 

Directors  are  required  to  assess  the  fair  value  of 
investments at each reporting date under IFRS 9. 

As Vortex is not traded on an active market a level 
3 valuation technique was used. The shareholding 
was based on the most recent placing of the shares 
in 
respective  companies,  as  well  as 
management’s best estimates of the fair values. 

the 

We have clarified that the Vortex shares were valued 
on the basis of the latest share transac(cid:415)ons and have 
been recognised accordingly. 

We  reviewed  the  information  available  for  Vortex 
and  agree  with  management’s  view  that  the 
investment is not impaired. 

Going concern 

Going Concern 

The Group has used going concern basis of prepara(cid:415)on 
in its accoun(cid:415)ng policies. However, there is significant 
judgement  required  as  to  whether  the  company  can 
con(cid:415)nue to operate as a going concern. 

controls 

environment, 

We evaluated management’s assessment about 
going  concern  and  challenged  the  judgement 
made by management, as described in note 5. As 
part  of  our  procedures  we  reviewed  the 
and 
company’s 
management’s  assessment  of  the  company’s 
ability  to  continue  as  a  going  concern.  We  also  
reviewed 
and 
cashflow 
assumptions made and the data sources. Based 
on our procedures we concluded that the going 
concern  basis  of  preparation  is  appropriate, 
subject  to  an  emphasis  of  matter.  (See  also 
Conclusions relating to going concern above) 

forecasts 

the 

Carrying  value  of  exploration  and  evaluation 
assets and mining properties 

Carrying  value  of  exploration  and  evaluation 
assets and mining properties 

The  Group  holds  intangible  assets  of  $4,686,000 
tangible  assets  of 
(2022:  $4,739,000)  and 
$53,234,000 
to 
(2022:  $35,997,000) 
capitalised  costs,  primarily  in  respect  of  the  Zulu 
Lithium project in Zimbabwe. 

rela(cid:415)ng 

There are risks that expenses have been incorrectly 
capitalized  or  that  impairment  indicators  exist 
which  would  result  in  an  impairment  of  the  year 
end balances. 

Our audit work in this area included: 
  We  have  understood  and  assessed 

the 
methodology used in the capitalisa(cid:415)on of these 
assets. 

  Reviewing a sample of  costs  capitalised during 
the year to ensure they meet the recogni(cid:415)on or 
classifica(cid:415)on criteria under IFRS 6, IAS 38 or IAS 
16; 

 

  Confirming that the Group has good (cid:415)tle to any 
applicable licences for the mining proper(cid:415)es. 
Evalua(cid:415)ng the status of the projects during the 
year,  and  subsequent  to  the  year-end,  to 
iden(cid:415)fy 
impairment 
indicators; 

and  evidence 

any 

  Assessing  management’s  impairment  reviews, 
including  challenging  key  assump(cid:415)ons  and 

27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Key audit matter 

How our audit addressed the key audit matter 

considera(cid:415)on  of  sensi(cid:415)vity 
possible changes. 

to  reasonably 

Our applica(cid:415)on of materiality 

The scope of our audit was influenced by our applica(cid:415)on of materiality. We set certain quan(cid:415)ta(cid:415)ve thresholds 
for materiality. These, together with qualita(cid:415)ve considera(cid:415)ons, helped us to determine the scope of our audit 
and the nature, (cid:415)ming and extent of our audit procedures on the individual financial statement line items and 
disclosures and in  evalua(cid:415)ng  the  effect  of  misstatements,  both individually and  in  aggregate on  the financial 
statements as a whole. 

Based  on  our  professional  judgment,  we  determined  materiality  for  the  financial  statements  as  a  whole  as 
follows: 

Overall materiality 

$325,000 

Group financial statements 

How we determined it 

0.5% of Gross assets 

Rationale 
benchmark applied 

for 

We  believe  that  the  gross  assets  is  a  primary  measure  used  by 
shareholders in assessing the performance of the Group, as the Group 
is at a pre-revenue stage and is asset heavy. 

Other informa(cid:415)on 

The  other  informa(cid:415)on  comprises  the  informa(cid:415)on  included  in  the  annual  report  other  than  the  financial 
statements and our auditor’s report thereon. The directors are responsible for the other informa(cid:415)on contained 
within the annual report. Our opinion on the financial statements does not  cover the other informa(cid:415)on  and, 
except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion 
thereon.  Our  responsibility  is  to  read  the  other  informa(cid:415)on  and,  in  doing  so,  consider  whether  the  other 
informa(cid:415)on is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the course of 
the  audit,  or  otherwise  appears  to  be  materially  misstated.  If  we  iden(cid:415)fy  such  material  inconsistencies  or 
apparent  material  misstatements,  we  are  required  to  determine  whether  this  gives  rise  to  a  material 
misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude 
that there is a material misstatement of this other informa(cid:415)on, we are required to report that fact. 

We have nothing to report in this regard. 

Responsibili(cid:415)es of directors 

As  explained  more  fully  in  the  directors’  responsibili(cid:415)es  statement  as  set  out  in  the  Corporate  Governance 
Statement, the directors are responsible for the prepara(cid:415)on of the financial statements and for being sa(cid:415)sfied 
that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable 
the prepara(cid:415)on of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. 

In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the Group’s ability to con(cid:415)nue 
as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, ma(cid:425)ers related to going concern and using the going concern basis 
of  accoun(cid:415)ng  unless  the  directors  either  intend  to  liquidate  the  Group  or  the  parent  company  or  to  cease 
opera(cid:415)ons, or have no realis(cid:415)c alterna(cid:415)ve but to do so. 

28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Auditor’s responsibili(cid:415)es for the audit of the financial statements 

Our objec(cid:415)ves are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free 
from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our 
opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in 
accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise 
from fraud or error and  are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be 
expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements. 

Irregulari(cid:415)es, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regula(cid:415)ons. We design procedures 
in line  with our  responsibili(cid:415)es, outlined above,  to  detect material  misstatements  in respect  of  irregulari(cid:415)es, 
including fraud. The extent to which  our procedures  are capable of detec(cid:415)ng irregulari(cid:415)es, including fraud is 
detailed below. 

The extent to which the audit was considered capable of detec(cid:415)ng irregulari(cid:415)es including fraud. 

Our approach to iden(cid:415)fying and assessing the risks of material misstatement in respect of irregulari(cid:415)es, including 
fraud and non-compliance with laws and regula(cid:415)ons, was as follows: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

the  senior  auditor  ensured  the  engagement  team  collec(cid:415)vely  had  the  appropriate  competence, 
capabili(cid:415)es and skills to iden(cid:415)fy or recognise non-compliance with applicable laws and regula(cid:415)ons; 
we focused on specific laws and regula(cid:415)ons which we considered may have a direct material effect 
on the financial statements or the opera(cid:415)ons of the Group. 
we assessed the extent of compliance with the laws and regula(cid:415)ons iden(cid:415)fied above through making 
enquiries of management and inspec(cid:415)ng legal correspondence; and 
iden(cid:415)fied laws and regula(cid:415)ons were communicated within the audit team regularly and the team 
remained alert to instances of non-compliance throughout the audit. 

We assessed the suscep(cid:415)bility of the Group’s financial statements to material misstatement, including obtaining 
an understanding of how fraud might occur, by: 

• 

• 

making enquiries of management as to where they considered there was suscep(cid:415)bility to fraud, their 
knowledge of actual, suspected and alleged fraud; 
considering the internal controls in place to mi(cid:415)gate risks of fraud and non-compliance with laws and 
regula(cid:415)ons. 

To address the risk of fraud through management bias and override of controls, we: 

• 
• 
• 

• 

performed analy(cid:415)cal procedures to iden(cid:415)fy any unusual or unexpected rela(cid:415)onships; 
tested journal entries to iden(cid:415)fy unusual transac(cid:415)ons; 
assessed whether judgements and assump(cid:415)ons made in determining the accoun(cid:415)ng es(cid:415)mates set 
out in Note 4 were indica(cid:415)ve of poten(cid:415)al bias; 
inves(cid:415)gated the ra(cid:415)onale behind significant or unusual transac(cid:415)ons. 

In response to the risk of irregulari(cid:415)es and non-compliance with laws and regula(cid:415)ons, we designed procedures 
which included, but were not limited to: 

• 
• 
• 
• 

agreeing financial statement disclosures to underlying suppor(cid:415)ng documenta(cid:415)on; 
reading the minutes of mee(cid:415)ngs of those charged with governance; 
enquiring of management as to actual and poten(cid:415)al li(cid:415)ga(cid:415)on and claims; 
reviewing correspondence with the Group’s legal advisors. 

There  are  inherent  limita(cid:415)ons  in  our  audit  procedures  described  above.  The  more  removed  that  laws  and 
regula(cid:415)ons are from financial transac(cid:415)ons, the less likely it is that we would become aware of non-compliance. 
Audi(cid:415)ng standards also limit the audit procedures required to iden(cid:415)fy non-compliance with laws and regula(cid:415)ons 

29 

 
 
 
 
 
to enquiry of the directors and other management and the inspec(cid:415)on of regulatory and legal correspondence, if 
any. 

Material misstatements that arise due to fraud can be harder to detect than those that arise from error as they 
may involve deliberate concealment or collusion. 

A further descrip(cid:415)on of our responsibili(cid:415)es for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial 
Repor(cid:415)ng Council’s website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibili(cid:415)es. 

This descrip(cid:415)on forms part of our auditor’s report.  

Use of this report 

This report is made solely to the Company's members, as a body, in accordance with our engagement le(cid:425)er. Our 
audit  work  has  been  undertaken  so  that  we  might  state  to  the  Company’s  members  those  ma(cid:425)ers  we  are 
required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permi(cid:425)ed by law, 
we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and the Company’s members as a 
body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed. 

MAH, Chartered Accountants  

2nd Floor, 154 Bishopsgate, 

London, EC2M 4LN 

28 June 2024 

30 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
[PLACEHOLDER FOR A PHOTOGRAPH] 

31 

 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 
AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2023 

EXPRESSED IN US DOLLARS 

ASSETS 
Non-current assets 
Intangible assets 
Investments 
Property, plant and equipment 
Loans Receivable 

Current assets 
Inventories 
Trade and other receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents 

TOTAL ASSETS 

LIABILITIES 
Non-current liabilities 
Deferred tax 
Provisions - rehabilitation 

Current liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
Borrowings 

TOTAL LIABILITIES 

NET ASSETS 

EQUITY 
Share capital 
Share based payment and warrant reserve 
Revaluation reserve 
Foreign currency translation reserve 
Accumulated loss 
Total equity attributed to the owners of the parent 
company 

Non-controlling interest 

TOTAL EQUITY 

Notes 

8 
9 
10 
11 

12 
13 
14 

25 
15 

16 
17 

18 
19 

7 

20 

2023 
 $ 000  

4,686 
501 
53,234 
232 
58,653 

936 
5,001 
542 
6,479 
65,132 

-  
360 
360 

50,063 
180 
50,243 
50,603 

2022 
 $ 000  

4,739 
501 
35,997 
-  
41,237 

11 
180 
9,627 
9,818 
51,055 

-  
360 
360 

33,725 
180 
33,905 
34,265 

14,529 

16,790 

88,493 
3,532 
711 
(13,150) 
(51,902) 

27,684 
(13,155) 

70,951 
3,708 
711 
(13,150) 
(32,713) 

29,507 
(12,717) 

14,529 

16,790 

32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF PROFIT OR LOSS AND OTHER COMPREHENSIVE 
INCOME 
AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2023 

Continuing operations 
EXPRESSED IN US DOLLARS 

Revenue 
Cost of sales excluding depreciation and amortisation  

Gross profit / (loss) 
Administrative expenses 

Operating profit / (loss) 
Depreciation and amortisation 
Other Income 
Impairment of investments 
Finance charges 

Profit / (Loss) before income tax 
Income tax expense 
Profit / (Loss) from continuing operations 

Loss for the year 
Other comprehensive income: 
Items that are or may be reclassified subsequently to profit or 
loss: 
Foreign exchange loss on translation 
Fair value movement on available-for-sale investment 

Total comprehensive income for the year 

Loss attributable to: 
Owners of the Company 
Non-controlling interests 

Total comprehensive income attributable to: 
Owners of the Company 
Non-controlling interests 

Notes 

21 
22 

23 

8, 10 
21 
11 
24 

25 

2023 
 $ 000  

-  
(3,805) 

(3,805) 
(10,645) 

(14,450) 
(371) 
137 
(311) 
(5,818) 
(6,363) 
(20,813) 
-  
(20,813) 

2022 
 $ 000  

-  
-  

-  
(4,622) 

(4,622) 
(54) 
34 
(1,161) 
-  
(1,181) 
(5,803) 
-  
(5,803) 

(20,813) 

(5,803) 

7 

-  
(499) 
(499) 
(21,312) 

(20,375) 
(438) 
(20,813) 

(2) 
(7,841) 
(7,843) 
(13,646) 

(5,359) 
(444) 
(5,803) 

(20,874) 
(438) 

(13,134) 
(512) 

Total comprehensive income for the year 

(21,312) 

(13,646) 

Loss per share attributable to owners of the parent (expressed in US cents) 
Basic loss per share 
Diluted loss per share 

26 
26 

(0.09) 
(0.09) 

(0.03) 
(0.03) 

33 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 December 2023 

EXPRESSED IN US DOLLARS 
At 1 January 2022 
Loss for the period 
Other comprehensive income for the period 
Total comprehensive income for the period 
Transactions with Owners 
Issue of equity shares 
Share issue costs 
Warrant options cancelled 
Share based payments 
At 31 December 2022 
Loss for the period 
Other comprehensive income for the period 
Total comprehensive income for the period 
Transactions with Owners 
Issue of equity shares 
Share issue costs 
Share options expired 
Share based payments 
At 31 December 2023 

Share option 
and warrant 
reserve 
$ 000 
2,366  
-   
-   
-   

Revaluation 
reserve 
$ 000 
711  
-   
-   
-   

Foreign 
currency 
translation 
reserve 
$ 000 
(13,216) 
-   
66  
66  

Accumulated 
loss 
$ 000 
(19,513) 
(5,359) 
(7,841) 
(13,200) 

Total 
attributable 
to owners of 
parent 
$ 000 
26,461  
(5,359) 
(7,775) 
(13,134) 

Non-
controlling 
interest 
("NCI") 
$ 000 
(12,205) 
(444) 
(68) 
(512) 

Total equity 
$ 000 
14,256  
(5,803) 
(7,843) 
(13,646) 

-   
-   
-   
1,342  
3,708  
-   
-   
-   

-   
-   
(1,685) 
1,509  
3,532  

-   
-   
-   
-   
711  
-   
-   
-   

-   
-   
-   
-   
711  

-   
-   
-   
-   
(13,150) 
-   
-   
-   

-   
-   
-   
-   
(13,150) 

-   
-   
-   
-   
(32,713) 
(20,375) 
(499) 
(20,874) 

-   
-   
1,685  
-   
(51,902) 

15,782  
(944) 
-   
1,342  
29,507  
(20,375) 
(499) 
(20,874) 

18,786  
(1,244) 
-   
1,509  
27,684  

-   
-   
-   
-   
(12,717) 
(438) 
-   
(438) 

-   
-   
-   
-   
(13,155) 

15,782  
(944) 
-   
1,342  
16,790  
(20,813) 
(499) 
(21,312) 

18,786  
(1,244) 
-   
1,509  
14,529  

Share 
capital 
$ 000 
56,113  
-   
-   
-   

15,782  
(944) 
-   
-   
70,951  
-   
-   
-   

18,786  
(1,244) 
-   
-   
88,493  

34 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 December 2023 

EXPRESSED IN US DOLLARS 

Notes 

2023 
$ 000 

2022 
$ 000 

Net cash outflow from operating activities 

Investing activities 

Acquisition of property plant and equipment 
Expenditure on intangible assets 
Loans advanced to investment 

Net cash used in investing activities 

Financing activities 
Proceeds from borrowings granted 
Net proceeds from issue of share capital 
Finance charges 

Net cash from financing activities 

Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 
Net cash and cash equivalents at end of year 

28 

10 
8 
11 

17 
18 
24 

(8,030) 

30,116 

(17,608) 
(446) 
(543) 

(35,912) 
(53) 
(302) 

(18,597) 

(36,267) 

-  
17,542 
-  

-  
14,838 
-  

17,542 

14,838 

(9,085) 

9,627 
542 

8,687 

940 
9,627 

The notes on pages 36 to 87 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements 

35 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

1. 

Repor(cid:415)ng en(cid:415)ty 

Premier African Minerals Limited (‘Premier’ or ‘the Company’), together with its subsidiaries (the ‘Group’), was 
incorporated  in  the  Territory  of  the  Bri(cid:415)sh  Virgin  Islands  under  the  BVI  Business  Companies  Act,  2004.  The 
address of the registered office is Craigmuir Chambers, PO Box 71, Road Town, Tortola, Bri(cid:415)sh Virgin Islands. 

The  Group’s  opera(cid:415)ons  and  principal  ac(cid:415)vi(cid:415)es  are  the  mining  and  development  of  mineral  reserves  on  the 
African con(cid:415)nent.  

Premier’s shares were admi(cid:425)ed to trading on the London Stock Exchange’s AIM market on 10 December 2012. 

2. 

Basis of accoun(cid:415)ng 

These  consolidated  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  Interna(cid:415)onal  Financial 
Repor(cid:415)ng Standards (UK adopted  Interna(cid:415)onal Accoun(cid:415)ng Standards). They were authorised for issue by the 
Company’s board of directors on 28 June 2024. 

Details of the Group’s accoun(cid:415)ng policies are detailed below. 

The prepara(cid:415)on of financial statements in conformity with UK adopted IFRS requires the use of certain cri(cid:415)cal 
accoun(cid:415)ng  es(cid:415)mates.  It  also  requires  management  to  exercise  its  judgement  in  the  process  of  applying  the 
Group’s accoun(cid:415)ng policies.  

The accoun(cid:415)ng policies set out below are applied consistent across the Group and to all periods presented in 
these consolidated financial statements. 

Func(cid:415)onal and presenta(cid:415)on currency 

The  Group’s  presenta(cid:415)on  currency  and  the  func(cid:415)onal  currency  of  the  majority  of  the  Group’s  en(cid:415)(cid:415)es  is  
US  dollars.  All  amounts  have  been  rounded  to  the  nearest  thousand,  unless  otherwise  indicated.  The 
Zimbabwean subsidiaries’ func(cid:415)onal currency was changed by the Zimbabwean government from USD to RTGS 
dollar during the 2019 financial year. With effect from 1 January 2023, the group has converted the func(cid:415)onal 
currency of all Zimbabwean en(cid:415)(cid:415)es to USD, as the majority of transac(cid:415)ons with other Zimbabwean is conducted 
in USD and therefore it is more representa(cid:415)ve  of the flow of economic benefits. Refer to note 7 for detailed 
informa(cid:415)on. 

Use of judgements and es(cid:415)mates 

In  preparing  these  consolidated  financial  statements,  management  has  made  judgements,  es(cid:415)mates  and 
assump(cid:415)ons that affect the applica(cid:415)on of the Group’s accoun(cid:415)ng policies and the reported amounts of assets, 
liabili(cid:415)es, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from these es(cid:415)mates.  

Es(cid:415)mates and underlying assump(cid:415)ons are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to es(cid:415)mates are recognised 
prospec(cid:415)vely.  

For details of the use of judgments and es(cid:415)mates refer to note 4 and detailed notes on the Intangible assets and 
goodwill (note 8), Investments (note 9), Property, plant and equipment (note 10), Inventories (note 12), Trade 
and other receivables (note 13), Provision for rehabilita(cid:415)on (note 15) and Share based payment and warrant 
reserve (note 19). 

36 

 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

3. 

Significant accoun(cid:415)ng policies 

3.1 

Change in significant accoun(cid:415)ng policies  

The following standards, amendments and interpreta(cid:415)ons are new and effec(cid:415)ve for the year ended 31 December 
2023  and  have  been  adopted.  None  of  the  IFRS  standards  below  had  a  material  impact  on  the  financial 
statements. 

Reference 

Title 

Summary 

IAS 1 

Presenta(cid:415)on of 
Financial 
Statements 

IAS 1 and 
IAS 8 

‘Presenta(cid:415)on of 
Financial 
Statements’ and 
‘Accoun(cid:415)ng 
policies, changes 
in accoun(cid:415)ng 
es(cid:415)mates and 
errors’ 

IAS 12 

Deferred 
Taxa(cid:415)on 

IFRS17 

Insurance 
contracts 

Clarifies that liabili(cid:415)es are classified as either current or 
noncurrent, depending on the rights that exist at the 
end of the repor(cid:415)ng period. Classifica(cid:415)on is unaffected 
by the expecta(cid:415)ons of the en(cid:415)ty or events a(cid:332)er the 
repor(cid:415)ng date (for example, the receipt of a waiver or 
a breach of covenant). The amendment also clarifies 
what IAS 1 means when it refers to the ‘se(cid:425)lement’ of 
a liability. 

Amendments to improve accoun(cid:415)ng policy disclosures 
and to help users of the financial statements to 
dis(cid:415)nguish between changes in accoun(cid:415)ng es(cid:415)mates 
and changes in accoun(cid:415)ng policies. 

These amendments require companies to recognise 
deferred tax on transac(cid:415)ons that, on ini(cid:415)al recogni(cid:415)on 
give rise to equal amounts of taxable and deduc(cid:415)ble 
temporary differences. 

This standard replaces IFRS 4, which currently permits 
a wide variety of prac(cid:415)ces in accoun(cid:415)ng for insurance 
contracts. IFRS 17 will fundamentally change the 
accoun(cid:415)ng by all en(cid:415)(cid:415)es that issue insurance contracts 
and investment contracts with discre(cid:415)onary 
par(cid:415)cipa(cid:415)on features. 

Applica(cid:415)on date of 
standard (Periods 
commencing on or 
a(cid:332)er) 

1 January 2023 

1 January 2023 

1 January 2023 

1 January 2023 

The following new standards, amendments to standards and interpreta(cid:415)ons have been issued, but are not 
effec(cid:415)ve for the year ended 31 December 2023 and have not been early adopted: 

37 

 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Reference 

Title 

Summary 

IFRS 16 

Lease Liability in a 
Sale and Leaseback 

Specifies requirements rela(cid:415)ng to measuring the 
lease liability in a sale and leaseback transac(cid:415)on 
a(cid:332)er the date of the transac(cid:415)on. 

Changes requirements from disclosing ‘significant’ 
to ‘material’ accoun(cid:415)ng policies and provides 
explana(cid:415)ons and guidance on how to iden(cid:415)fy 
material accoun(cid:415)ng policies. 

Applica(cid:415)on date of 
standard (Periods 
commencing on or 
a(cid:332)er) 

1 January 2024 

1 January 2024 

IFRS 1 

IFRS 1 

Presenta(cid:415)on of 
Financial Statements 
and IFRS Prac(cid:415)ce 
Statement 2 – 
Disclosure of 
Accoun(cid:415)ng Policies 

Presenta(cid:415)on of 
Financial Statements: 
Classifica(cid:415)on of 
Liabili(cid:415)es as Current 
or Non-Current and 
Non-Current 
Liabili(cid:415)es with 
Covenants Date 

IAS 7 FRS 7 

Supplier Finance 
Arrangements 

Clarifies that only those covenants with which an 
en(cid:415)ty must comply on or before the end of the 
repor(cid:415)ng period affect the classifica(cid:415)on of a 
liability as current or non-current  

1 January 2024 

The Amendments complement the exis(cid:415)ng 
disclosure requirements in IFRS Accoun(cid:415)ng 
Standards and are aimed at providing users of 
financial statements with informa(cid:415)on to assess the 
effect of supplier finance arrangements on an 
en(cid:415)ty’s liabili(cid:415)es, cash flows and exposure to 
liquidity risk 

1 January 2024 

The Directors an(cid:415)cipate that the adop(cid:415)on of these standards and the interpreta(cid:415)ons in future periods will not 
have a material impact on the financial statements of the Group. 

3.2 

Basis of consolida(cid:415)on 

Subsidiaries are all en(cid:415)(cid:415)es over which the Group has control. The Group controls an en(cid:415)ty when it is exposed 
to, or has the rights to, variable returns from its involvement with the en(cid:415)ty and has the ability to affect those 
returns through its power over the en(cid:415)ty. The existence and effect of poten(cid:415)al vo(cid:415)ng rights that are currently 
exercisable or conver(cid:415)ble are considered when assessing whether the Group controls another en(cid:415)ty. The Group 
also assesses existence of control where it does not have more than 50% of the vo(cid:415)ng power but is able to govern 
the financial and opera(cid:415)ng policies by virtue of de-facto control. This is evidenced with RHA Tungsten (Private) 
Limited which the Group owns 49% of but is consolidated into the Group (note 4.7).  

Subsidiaries  are  consolidated,  using  the  acquisi(cid:415)on  method,  from  the  date  that  control  is  gained  and  non-
controlling interests are appor(cid:415)oned on a propor(cid:415)onal basis. 

When necessary, amounts reported by subsidiaries have been adjusted to conform to the Group’s accoun(cid:415)ng 
policies. 

38 

 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

3.3  

Business combina(cid:415)ons and goodwill 

The Group applies the acquisi(cid:415)on method to account for business combina(cid:415)ons. The considera(cid:415)on transferred 
for the acquisi(cid:415)on of a subsidiary is the fair values of the assets transferred, the liabili(cid:415)es incurred to the former 
owners of the acquiree, and the equity interests issued by the Group. The considera(cid:415)on transferred includes the 
fair  value  of  any  asset  or  liability  resul(cid:415)ng  from  a  con(cid:415)ngent  considera(cid:415)on  arrangement.  Iden(cid:415)fiable  assets 
acquired and  liabili(cid:415)es and  con(cid:415)ngent  liabili(cid:415)es assumed  in a business  combina(cid:415)on are measured ini(cid:415)ally  at 
their fair values at the acquisi(cid:415)on date.  

3.4 

Subsidiaries 

Subsidiaries are en(cid:415)(cid:415)es controlled by the Group. The Group controls an en(cid:415)ty when it is exposed to, or has rights 
to, variable returns from its involvement with the en(cid:415)ty and has the ability to affect those returns through its 
power  over  the  en(cid:415)ty.  The  financial  statements  of  subsidiaries  are  included  in  the  consolidated  financial 
statements from the date on which control commences un(cid:415)l the date on which control ceases. 

3.5 

Non-controlling interests (“NCI”) 

Non-controlling interests are  measured ini(cid:415)ally at their propor(cid:415)onate share of the acquiree’s  iden(cid:415)fiable net 
assets at the date of acquisi(cid:415)on. 

Changes in the Group’s interest in a subsidiary that do not result in a loss of control are accounted for as equity 
transac(cid:415)ons. 

3.6 

Transac(cid:415)ons eliminated on consolida(cid:415)on 

Intra-group  balances  and  transac(cid:415)ons,  and  any  unrealised  income  and  expenses  arising  from  intra-Group 
transac(cid:415)ons,  are  eliminated.  Unrealised  gains  arising  from  transac(cid:415)ons  with  equity  accounted  investees  are 
eliminated against the investment to the extent of the Group’s interest in the investee. Unrealised losses are 
eliminated in the same way as unrealised gains, but only to the extent that there is no evidence of impairment. 

3.7 

Foreign currency  

Transac(cid:415)ons in foreign currencies are translated into the respec(cid:415)ve func(cid:415)onal currencies of Group companies at 
the exchange rates at the dates of the transac(cid:415)ons. 

Monetary assets and liabili(cid:415)es denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the func(cid:415)onal currency at 
the exchange rate at the repor(cid:415)ng date. Non-monetary assets and liabili(cid:415)es that are measured at fair value in a 
foreign  currency  are  translated  into  the  func(cid:415)onal  currency  at  the  exchange  rate  when  the  fair  value  was 
determined. Non-monetary items that are measured based on historical cost in a foreign currency are translated 
at the exchange rate at the date of the transac(cid:415)on. Foreign currency differences are generally recognised in profit 
or loss. 

The  assets  and  liabili(cid:415)es  of  foreign  opera(cid:415)ons,  including  goodwill  and  fair  value  adjustments  arising  on 
acquisi(cid:415)on, are translated into dollars at the exchange rates at the repor(cid:415)ng date. The income and expenses of 
foreign opera(cid:415)ons are translated into dollars at the exchange rates at the dates of the transac(cid:415)ons. 

Foreign  currency differences are recognised  in Other  Comprehensive  Income (“OCI”) and  accumulated in  the 
transla(cid:415)on reserve, except to the extent that the transla(cid:415)on difference is allocated to NCI. 

Where the  func(cid:415)onal currency of a  company is  in  a  hyperinfla(cid:415)onary  economy IAS 29  Financial Repor(cid:415)ng  in 
Hyperinfla(cid:415)onary Economies is applied. Under this standard the results are restated to reflect the current cost 
of  the  various elements  of  the  financial  statements. For the  Statement  of  comprehensive  income the  cost of 

39 

 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

sales and deprecia(cid:415)on are recorded at current costs at the (cid:415)me of consump(cid:415)on; sales and other expenses are 
recorded  at  their  money  amounts  when  they  occurred.  Therefore  all  amounts  need  to  be  restated  into  the 
measuring unit current at the end of the repor(cid:415)ng period by applying a general price index.  

Monetary  items  stated  in the  Statement of financial  posi(cid:415)on  that  are stated at  current cost are  not  restated 
because they are already expressed in terms of the measuring unit current at the end of the repor(cid:415)ng period. 
All non-monetary items in the statement of financial posi(cid:415)on are restated by applying an index at the (cid:415)me of 
their acquisi(cid:415)on to the repor(cid:415)ng date. Any resul(cid:415)ng gain  or loss on the net monetary posi(cid:415)on is  included  in 
profit or loss reserve.  

In accordance with IAS29, corresponding figures for the previous repor(cid:415)ng period, whether they were based on 
a historical cost approach or a current cost approach, are restated by applying a general price index so that the 
compara(cid:415)ve  financial  statements  are  presented  in  terms  of  the  measuring  unit  current  at  the  end  of  the 
repor(cid:415)ng  period.  Informa(cid:415)on  that  is  disclosed  in  respect  of  earlier  periods  is  also  expressed  in  terms  of  the 
measuring unit current at the end of the repor(cid:415)ng period. 

When a foreign opera(cid:415)on is disposed of in its en(cid:415)rety or par(cid:415)ally such that control, significant influence or joint 
control is lost, the cumula(cid:415)ve amount in the transla(cid:415)on reserve related to that foreign opera(cid:415)on is reclassified 
to profit or loss as part of the gain or loss on disposal. If the Group disposes of part of its interest in a subsidiary 
but  retains control, then the  relevant  propor(cid:415)on  of  the  cumula(cid:415)ve  amount  is  rea(cid:425)ributed to NCI. When  the 
Group disposes of only part of an associate or joint venture while retaining significant influence or joint control, 
the relevant propor(cid:415)on of the cumula(cid:415)ve amount is reclassified to profit or loss. 

3.8 

Discon(cid:415)nued opera(cid:415)on 

A discon(cid:415)nued opera(cid:415)on is a component of the Group’s business, the opera(cid:415)ons and cash flows of which can be 
clearly dis(cid:415)nguished from the rest of the Group and which: 

• 
• 

• 

represents a separate major line of business or geographic area of opera(cid:415)ons; 
is part of a single co-ordinated plan to dispose of a separate major line of business or geographic area 
of opera(cid:415)ons; or 
is a subsidiary acquired exclusively with a view to re-sale. 

Classifica(cid:415)on  as  a  discon(cid:415)nued  opera(cid:415)on  occurs  at  the  earlier  of  disposal  or  when  the  opera(cid:415)on  meets  the 
criteria to be classified as held-for-sale. 

When an opera(cid:415)on is classified as a discon(cid:415)nued opera(cid:415)on, the compara(cid:415)ve statement of profit or loss and OCI 
is re-presented as if the opera(cid:415)on had been discon(cid:415)nued from the start of the compara(cid:415)ve year. 

3.9 

Revenue 

Performance obliga(cid:415)ons and service recogni(cid:415)on policies 

Revenue is measured based on the considera(cid:415)on specified in a contract with a customer in line with IFRS 15. The 
Group recognises revenue when it transfers control over of goods or services to a customer. 

The  following  table  provides  informa(cid:415)on  about  the  nature  and  (cid:415)ming  of  the  sa(cid:415)sfac(cid:415)on  of  performance 
obliga(cid:415)ons in contracts with customers, including significant payment terms, and the related revenue recogni(cid:415)on 
policies. 

40 

 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Type of product/ 
service 

Nature and (cid:415)ming of sa(cid:415)sfac(cid:415)on of performance 
obliga(cid:415)ons, including significant payment terms 

Revenue recogni(cid:415)on under 
IFRS 15  

Revenue 

Wolframite sales 

Scrap sales 

Customers obtain control of the wolframite ore when 
the ore has been delivered to and have been accepted 
at their premises or the agreed point of delivery. 
Invoices are generated at that point in (cid:415)me based on 
the agreed upon weight of the ore. Invoices are 
generally payable within 30 days. No discounts are 
provided for.  

The sale of the ore is not subject to a return policy. 

Revenue is recognised when 
the goods are delivered and 
have been accepted by the 
customers at their premises 
or the agreed point of 
delivery. 

Customers obtain control of the scrap when the scrap 
has been delivered to and have been accepted at their 
premises or the agreed point of delivery. Invoices are 
generated at that point in (cid:415)me based upon the agreed 
upon weight of the scrap. Invoices are generally 
payable within 30 days. No discounts are provided for.  

Revenue is recognised when 
the goods are delivered and 
have been accepted by the 
customers at their premises 
or the agreed point of 
delivery. 

The sale of the scrap is not subject to a return policy. 

Reserve Bank of 
Zimbabwe Export 
Incen(cid:415)ve 

The Export Incen(cid:415)ve is provided on an individual basis 
and has to be applied for. It is based on the export 
sales of the company. As such the revenue from the 
RBZ is not guaranteed. 

The Group gains control 
over the export incen(cid:415)ve 
when it is received in the 
Group’s bank accounts.  

Other Income 

Government Grants 

The Group has no control over the (cid:415)ming of the grants 
nor any payment terms.  

Prescrip(cid:415)on of debts  Management periodically reviews all outstanding 

payables and iden(cid:415)fies any poten(cid:415)al debts that may 
have prescribed. 

The Group gains control 
over the Government grant  
when it is received in the 
Group’s bank accounts.  

Debts are considered 
prescribed if the creditor 
has not claimed payment for 
a period in excess of the 
relevant prescrip(cid:415)on period. 

3.10 

Employee benefits 

Short-term employee benefits 

Short-term employee benefits are expensed as the related service is provided. A liability is recognised for the 
amount expected to be paid if the Group has a present legal or construc(cid:415)ve obliga(cid:415)on to pay this amount as a 
result of past service provided by the employee and the obliga(cid:415)on can be es(cid:415)mated reliably. 

41 

 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Share-based payment arrangements 

The Group operates an equity-se(cid:425)led share op(cid:415)on plan and issues warrants from (cid:415)me to (cid:415)me either with direct 
subscrip(cid:415)ons in equity or as finance related packages. The fair value of the service received in exchange for the 
grant of op(cid:415)ons or issue of warrants is recognised as an expense or recognised as a deduc(cid:415)on from equity or an 
addi(cid:415)on to intangible assets depending on the nature of the services received.  

Share-based payments are measured at fair value at the date of grant.  The fair value determined at the grant 
date of equity-se(cid:425)led share-based payments is expensed on a straight-line basis over the ves(cid:415)ng period, based 
on the Group’s es(cid:415)mate of shares that will eventually vest.  

Fair value is measured by use of the Black Scholes model.  The expected life used in the model has been adjusted, 
based  on  management’s  best  es(cid:415)mate,  for  the  effects  of  non-transferability,  exercise  restric(cid:415)ons,  and 
behavioural considera(cid:415)ons. 

Any adjustments are recognised through the profit and loss. The fair value is reassessed annually. 

3.11 

Finance income and finance costs 

The Group’s finance income and finance costs include: 

• 
• 
• 

interest income; 
Interest expense; 
dividend income; 

Interest income and expense is recognised using the effec(cid:415)ve interest method. Dividend income is recognised in 
profit or loss on the date on which the Group’s right to receive payment is established. 

The “effec(cid:415)ve interest rate” is the rate that exactly discounts es(cid:415)mated future cash payments or receipts through 
the expected life of the financial instrument to: 

• 
• 

the gross carrying amount of the financial asset; or 
the amor(cid:415)sed cost of the financial liability. 

In calcula(cid:415)ng interest income and expense, the effec(cid:415)ve interest rate is applied to the gross carrying amount of 
the asset (when the asset is not credit-impaired) or to the amor(cid:415)sed cost of the liability. However, for financial 
assets  that  have  become  credit-impaired  subsequent  to  ini(cid:415)al  recogni(cid:415)on,  interest  income  is  calculated  by 
applying the effec(cid:415)ve interest rate to the amor(cid:415)sed cost of the financial asset, if the asset is no-longer credit-
impaired, then the calcula(cid:415)on of interest income reverts to the gross basis. 

3.12 

Income tax 

Income tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. It is recognised in profit or loss except to the extent that 
it relates to a business combina(cid:415)on, or items recognised directly in equity or in OCI. 

3.12.1  Current tax 

Current tax comprises the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year and any 
adjustment to the tax payable or receivable in respect of previous years. The amount of current tax payable or 
receivable is the best es(cid:415)mate of the tax amount expected to be paid or received that reflects uncertainty related 
to income taxes, if any. It is measured using tax rates enacted or substan(cid:415)vely enacted at the repor(cid:415)ng date. 
Current tax also includes any tax arising from dividends. 

Current tax assets and liabili(cid:415)es are offset only if certain criteria are met. 

42 

 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

3.12.2  Deferred tax 

Deferred  tax  is  recognised  in  respect  of  temporary  differences  between  the  carrying  amounts  of  assets  and 
liabili(cid:415)es for financial repor(cid:415)ng purposes and the amounts used for taxa(cid:415)on purposes. 

Deferred tax is not recognised for: 

• 

• 

temporary differences on the ini(cid:415)al recogni(cid:415)on of assets or liabili(cid:415)es in a transac(cid:415)on that is not a 
business combina(cid:415)on and that affects neither accoun(cid:415)ng nor taxable profit or loss; 
temporary differences related to investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint arrangements to 
the extent that the Group is able to control the (cid:415)ming of the reversal of the temporary differences 
and  it  is  probable  that  they  will  not  reverse  in  the  foreseeable  future;  and  taxable  temporary 
differences arising on the ini(cid:415)al recogni(cid:415)on of goodwill. 

Deferred  tax  assets  are  recognised  for  unused  tax  losses,  unused  tax  credits  and  deduc(cid:415)ble  temporary 
differences to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be 
used. Future taxable profits are determined based on the reversal of relevant taxable temporary differences. If 
the amount of taxable temporary differences is insufficient to recognise a deferred tax asset in full, then future 
taxable profits, adjusted for reversals of exis(cid:415)ng temporary differences, are considered, based on the business 
plans for individual subsidiaries in the Group. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each repor(cid:415)ng date and are 
reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realised; such reduc(cid:415)ons 
are reversed when the probability of future taxable profits improves. 

Unrecognised deferred tax assets are reassessed at each repor(cid:415)ng date and recognised to the extent that it has 
become probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be used. 

Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to be applied to temporary differences when they 
reverse, using tax rates enacted or substan(cid:415)vely enacted at the repor(cid:415)ng date. 

The measurement of deferred tax reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the 
Group expects, at the repor(cid:415)ng date, to recover or se(cid:425)le the carrying amount of its assets and liabili(cid:415)es.  

Deferred tax assets and liabili(cid:415)es are offset only if certain criteria are met. 

3.13 

Intangible assets and goodwill  

All costs of Explora(cid:415)on and Evalua(cid:415)on (“E&E”) are ini(cid:415)ally capitalised as intangible assets, such as payments to 
acquire the legal right to explore, costs of technical services and studies, seismic acquisi(cid:415)on, exploratory drilling 
and tes(cid:415)ng. The costs include directly a(cid:425)ributable overheads together with the cost of other materials consumed 
during the explora(cid:415)on and evalua(cid:415)on phases.  

Costs incurred prior to having obtained the legal rights to explore an area are expensed directly to profit or loss 
as they are incurred. 

E&E assets are not amor(cid:415)sed. 

Intangible assets related to each explora(cid:415)on licence or pool of licences are carried forward, un(cid:415)l the existence 
(or  otherwise)  of  commercial  reserves  has  been  determined.  Once  the  technical  feasibility  and  commercial 
viability of extrac(cid:415)ng a mineral resource is demonstrable, the related E&E assets are assessed for impairment on 
an individual licence or cost pool basis, as appropriate, as set out below and any impairment loss is recognised 
in profit or loss.  

The  Group  considers  each  licence,  or  where  appropriate,  a  pool  of  licences,  separately,  for  the  purposes  of 
determining whether impairment of E&E assets has occurred. 

Intangible assets are assessed for impairment when facts and circumstances suggest that the carrying amount 
may exceed its recoverable amount. Such indicators include, but are not limited to, those situa(cid:415)ons outlined in 

43 

 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

paragraph 20 of IFRS  6 Explora(cid:415)on for and Evalua(cid:415)on  of  Mineral Resources and include the point at  which a 
determina(cid:415)on is made as to whether or not commercial reserves exist.  

When impairment indicators exist, the aggregate carrying value is compared against the expected recoverable 
amount, generally by reference to the present value of the future net cash flows expected to be derived from 
produc(cid:415)on of commercial reserves.  

When a licence or pool of licences is abandoned or there is no planned future work, the costs associated with 
the respec(cid:415)ve licences are wri(cid:425)en off in full and recognised in profit or loss. 

Any impairment loss is recognised in profit or loss and separately disclosed.  

3.14 

Impairment 

3.14.1  Non-deriva(cid:415)ve financial assets 

Credit-impaired financial assets 

At each repor(cid:415)ng date, the Group assesses whether financial assets carried at amor(cid:415)sed cost and debt securi(cid:415)es 
at  FVOCI  are  credit-impaired.  A  financial  asset  is  “credit-impaired”  when  one  or  more  events  that  have  a 
detrimental impact on the es(cid:415)mated future cash flows of the financial assets have occurred. 

Evidence that a financial asset is credit-impaired includes the following observable data: 

• 
• 
• 

• 
• 

significant financial difficulty of the borrower or issuer; 
a breach of contract such as a default or being more than 90 days past due; 
the  restructuring  of  a  loan  or  advance  by  the  Group  on  terms  that  the  Group  would  not  consider 
otherwise; 
it is probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or other financial reorganisa(cid:415)on; or 
the disappearance of an ac(cid:415)ve market for a security because of financial difficul(cid:415)es. 

A 12 months approach is followed in determining the Expected Credit Loss (“ECL”).  

Presenta(cid:415)on of allowance for ECL in the statement of financial posi(cid:415)on 

Loss allowances for financial assets measured at amor(cid:415)sed cost are deducted from the gross carrying amount of 
the assets. 

For debt securi(cid:415)es at FVOCI, the loss allowance is charged to profit or loss and is recognised in OCI. 

Write-off 

The gross carrying amount of a financial asset is wri(cid:425)en off when the Group has no reasonable expecta(cid:415)ons of 
recovering a financial asset in its en(cid:415)rety or a por(cid:415)on thereof. For corporate customers, the Group individually 
makes an assessment with respect to the (cid:415)ming and amount of write-off based on whether there is a reasonable 
expecta(cid:415)on of recovery from the amount wri(cid:425)en off. However, financial assets that are wri(cid:425)en off could s(cid:415)ll be 
subject to enforcement ac(cid:415)vi(cid:415)es in order to comply with the Group’s procedures of recovery of the amounts 
due. 

3.14.2  Financial assets measured at amor(cid:415)sed cost  

The Group considers evidence of impairment for these assets at both an individual asset and a collec(cid:415)ve level. 
All individually significant assets are individually assessed for impairment. Those found not to be impaired are 
then collec(cid:415)vely assessed for any impairment that has been incurred but not yet individually iden(cid:415)fied. Assets 
that are not individually significant are collec(cid:415)vely assessed for impairment. Collec(cid:415)ve assessment is carried out 
by grouping together assets with similar risk characteris(cid:415)cs. 

44 

 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

In assessing collec(cid:415)ve  impairment, the  Group  uses historical informa(cid:415)on on the (cid:415)ming of recoveries and the 
amount of loss incurred, and makes an adjustment if current economic and credit condi(cid:415)ons are such that the 
actual losses are likely to be greater or lesser than suggested by historical trends. 

An impairment loss is calculated as the difference between an asset’s carrying amount and the present value of 
the es(cid:415)mated future cash flows discounted at the asset’s original effec(cid:415)ve interest rate. Losses are recognised in 
profit  or  loss  and  reflected  in  an  allowance  account.  When  the  Group  considers  that  there  are  no  realis(cid:415)c 
prospects  of  recovery  of  the  asset,  the  relevant  amounts  are  wri(cid:425)en  off.  If  the  amount  of  impairment  loss 
subsequently decreases and the decrease can be related objec(cid:415)vely to an event occurring a(cid:332)er the impairment 
was recognised, then the previously recognised impairment loss is reversed through profit or loss. 

3.14.3  Available for sale financial asset  

Impairment losses on available-for-sale financial assets are recognised, only when fair value is less than carrying 
value and this is significant over a prolonged period, by reclassifying the losses accumulated in the fair value 
reserve  to  profit  or  loss.  The  amount  reclassified  is  the  difference  between  the  acquisi(cid:415)on  cost  (net  of  any 
principal repayment and amor(cid:415)sa(cid:415)on) and the current fair value, less any impairment loss previously recognised 
in profit or loss. 

3.14.4  Non-financial assets 

At  each  repor(cid:415)ng  date,  the  Group  reviews  the  carrying  amounts  of  its  non-financial  assets  (other  than 
inventories) to determine whether there is any indica(cid:415)on of impairment. If any such indica(cid:415)on exists, then the 
asset’s recoverable amount is es(cid:415)mated. Goodwill is tested annually for impairment. 

For impairment tes(cid:415)ng, assets are grouped together into the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows 
from con(cid:415)nuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or CGUs. Goodwill arising 
from  a  business  combina(cid:415)on  is  allocated  to  CGUs  or  groups  of  CGUs  that  are  expected  to  benefit  from  the 
synergies of the combina(cid:415)on. 

The recoverable amount of an asset or CGU is the greater of its value in use and its fair value less cost of disposal. 
Value  in  use  is  based  on  the  es(cid:415)mated  future  cash  flows,  discounted  to  their  present  value  using  a  pre-tax 
discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the (cid:415)me value of money and the risks specific to the 
asset or CGU. 

An impairment loss is recognised if the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount. 

Impairment losses are recognised in profit or loss. They are allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any 
goodwill allocated to the CGU, and then to reduce the carrying amounts of the other assets in the CGU on a pro 
rata basis. 

An impairment loss in respect of goodwill is not reversed. For other assets, an impairment loss is reversed only 
to  the  extent  that  the  asset’s  carrying  amount  does  not  exceed  the  carrying  amount  that  would  have  been 
determined, net of deprecia(cid:415)on or amor(cid:415)sa(cid:415)on, if no impairment loss had been recognised. 

3.15  

Cash and cash equivalents 

The Cash and cash equivalents comprises of cash at bank, cash on hand and other highly liquid investments with 
short  term  maturi(cid:415)es.  Cash  and  cash  equivalents  are  measured  at  amor(cid:415)sed  cost.  For  the  purposes  of  the 
Statement of Cash Flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and cash equivalents as defined above, net 
of outstanding bank overdra(cid:332)s. 

3.16 

Inventory 

Inventory is measured at the lower of cost and net realisable value. The cost of inventories is based on the first-
in,  first-out  principle.  The  cost  of  inventories  includes  the  cost  of  consumables  and  cost  of  produc(cid:415)on.  Net 
realisable  value  is  the  es(cid:415)mated  selling  price  in  the  ordinary  course  of  business,  less  the  es(cid:415)mated  costs  of 
comple(cid:415)on and selling expenses. 

45 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Inventory consists of mining consumables. 

3.17 

Property, plant and equipment 

Recogni(cid:415)on and measurement 

Items of property, plant and equipment are measured at cost, which includes capitalised borrowing costs, less 
accumulated deprecia(cid:415)on and any accumulated impairment losses.  

If  significant  parts  of  an  item  of  property,  plant  and  equipment  have  different  useful  lives,  then  they  are 
accounted for as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment. 

Any gain or loss on disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment is recognised in profit or loss. 

Subsequent expenditure 

Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the 
expenditure will flow to the Group. 

Deprecia(cid:415)on 

Deprecia(cid:415)on is calculated to write off the cost of items of property, plant and equipment less their es(cid:415)mated 
residual values using the straight-line method over their es(cid:415)mated useful lives, and is generally recognised in 
profit or loss. Leased assets are depreciated over the shorter of the lease term and their useful lives unless it is 
reasonably certain that the Group will obtain ownership by the end of the lease term. Land is not depreciated. 

The es(cid:415)mated useful lives of property, plant and equipment for current and compara(cid:415)ve periods are as follows: 

• 
• 
• 
• 

Land – indefinite useful life 
Buildings – 10 years 
Plant & equipment – 4/6 years 
Mine development - depreciated over the life of the mine, currently assessed at 10 years  

Deprecia(cid:415)on  methods,  useful  lives  and  residual  values  are  reviewed  at  each  repor(cid:415)ng  date  and  adjusted  if 
appropriate. 

3.18  

Financial instruments 

The Group classifies non-deriva(cid:415)ve financial assets into the following categories: loans and receivables and FVTPL 
and FVTOCI financial assets. 

The Group classifies non-deriva(cid:415)ve financial liabili(cid:415)es into the following category: other financial liabili(cid:415)es. 

3.18.1  Non-deriva(cid:415)ve financial assets and financial liabili(cid:415)es – Recogni(cid:415)on and derecogni(cid:415)on 

The Group ini(cid:415)ally recognises loans and receivables on the date when they are originated. All other financial 
assets and financial liabili(cid:415)es are ini(cid:415)ally recognised on the trade date when the en(cid:415)ty becomes a party to the 
contractual provisions of the instrument. 

The Group derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or 
it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows in a transac(cid:415)on in which substan(cid:415)ally all of the risks 
and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred, or it neither transfers nor retains substan(cid:415)ally 
all of the risks and rewards of ownership and does not retain control over the transferred asset. Any interest in 
such derecognised financial assets that is created or retained by the Group is recognised as a separate asset or 
liability. 

The Group derecognises a financial liability when its contractual obliga(cid:415)ons are discharged or cancelled or expire. 
Gains or losses on derecogni(cid:415)on of financial liabili(cid:415)es are recognised in profit or loss as a finance charge. 

46 

 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Financial assets and financial liabili(cid:415)es are offset, and the net amount presented in the statement of financial 
posi(cid:415)on when, and only when, the Group currently has a legally  enforceable right to offset the amounts and 
intends either to se(cid:425)le them on a net basis or to realise the asset and se(cid:425)le the liability simultaneously. 

3.18.2  Loans and receivables- Measurement  

These assets are ini(cid:415)ally measured at fair value plus any directly a(cid:425)ributable transac(cid:415)on costs. Subsequent to 
ini(cid:415)al recogni(cid:415)on, they are measured at amor(cid:415)sed cost using the effec(cid:415)ve interest method. 

3.18.3  Assets at FVOCI - Measurement 

These assets are ini(cid:415)ally measured at fair value plus any directly a(cid:425)ributable transac(cid:415)on costs. Subsequent to 
ini(cid:415)al  recogni(cid:415)on,  they  are  measured  at  fair  value  and  changes  therein,  other  than  impairment  losses,  are 
recognised in OCI and accumulated in the revalua(cid:415)on reserve. 

When these assets are derecognised, the gain or loss accumulated in equity is reclassified to profit or loss. 

3.18.4  Non-deriva(cid:415)ve financial liabili(cid:415)es – Measurement 

Other  non-deriva(cid:415)ve  financial  liabili(cid:415)es  are  ini(cid:415)ally  measured  at  fair  value  less  any  directly  a(cid:425)ributable 
transac(cid:415)on costs. Subsequent to ini(cid:415)al recogni(cid:415)on, these liabili(cid:415)es are measured at amor(cid:415)sed  cost using the 
effec(cid:415)ve interest method. 

3.18.5  Conver(cid:415)ble loan notes and deriva(cid:415)ve financial instruments 

The presenta(cid:415)on  and measurement of loan notes for accoun(cid:415)ng purposes is governed  by IAS  32 and IAS 39. 
These standards require the loan notes to be separated into two components: 

• 
• 

A deriva(cid:415)ve liability, and  
A debt host liability. 

This is because the loan notes are conver(cid:415)ble into an unknown number of shares, therefore failing the ‘fixed-for-
fixed’ criterion under IAS 32. This requires the ‘underlying op(cid:415)on component’ of the loan note to be valued first 
(as an embedded deriva(cid:415)ve), with the residual of the face value being allocated to the debt host liability (refer 
financial liabili(cid:415)es policy above). 

Compound financial instruments issued by the Group comprise conver(cid:415)ble notes denominated in dollars that 
can be converted to ordinary shares at the op(cid:415)on of the holder, when the number of shares to be issued is fixed 
and does not vary with changes in fair value. 

The liability component of compound financial instruments is ini(cid:415)ally recognised at the fair value of a similar 
liability  that  does  not  have  an  equity  conversion  op(cid:415)on.  The  equity  component  is  ini(cid:415)ally  recognised  at  the 
difference between  the fair value of the compound financial  instrument as  a  whole and the fair value of the 
liability  component.  Any  directly  a(cid:425)ributable  transac(cid:415)on  costs  are  allocated  to  the  liability  and  equity 
components in propor(cid:415)on to their ini(cid:415)al carrying amounts. 

Subsequent to ini(cid:415)al recogni(cid:415)on, the liability component of a compound financial instrument is  measured at 
amor(cid:415)sed cost using the effec(cid:415)ve interest method. The equity component of a compound financial instrument 
is not remeasured. 

Interest related to the financial liability is recognised in profit or loss. On conversion at maturity, the financial 
liability is reclassified to equity and no gain or loss is recognised. 

3.19 

Provisions - Rehabilita(cid:415)on 

Provisions are recognised when the Group has a present obliga(cid:415)on (legal or construc(cid:415)ve) as a result of a past 
event, it is probable that an ou(cid:414)low of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to se(cid:425)le the 
obliga(cid:415)on and a reliable es(cid:415)mate can be made of the amount of the obliga(cid:415)on. 

47 

 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

An  obliga(cid:415)on  to  incur  environmental  restora(cid:415)on,  rehabilita(cid:415)on  and  decommissioning  costs  arises  when 
disturbance is caused by the development or on-going produc(cid:415)on of a mining property. Such costs arising from 
the  decommissioning  of  plant  and  other  site  prepara(cid:415)on  work,  discounted  to  their  net  present  value,  are 
provided for and capitalised at the start of each project, as soon as the obliga(cid:415)on to incur such costs arises. These 
costs are recognised in profit or loss over the life of the opera(cid:415)on, through the deprecia(cid:415)on of the asset and the 
unwinding of the discount on the provision. Costs for restora(cid:415)on of subsequent site damage which is created on 
an ongoing basis during produc(cid:415)on are provided for at their net present values and recognised in profit or loss 
as extrac(cid:415)on progresses.  

Changes  in the  measurement  of  a liability rela(cid:415)ng to the decommissioning of  plant or other site  prepara(cid:415)on 
work (that result from changes in the es(cid:415)mated (cid:415)ming or amount of the cash flow, or a change in the discount 
rate) are added to or deducted from the cost of the related asset in the current period. If a decrease in the liability 
exceeds the carrying amount of the asset, the excess is recognised immediately in profit or loss. If the asset value 
is increased and there is an indica(cid:415)on that the revised carrying value is not recoverable, an impairment test is 
performed in accordance with the accoun(cid:415)ng policy above. 

Provisions are determined by discoun(cid:415)ng the expected future cash flows at a pre-tax rate that reflects current 
market  assessments  of  the  (cid:415)me  value  of  money  and  the  risks  specific  to  the  liability.  The  unwinding  of  the 
discount is recognised as finance cost in profit or loss. 

3.20 

Equity 

Equity comprises the following: 

• 

• 
• 
• 

• 

• 

Share capital - ordinary shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly a(cid:425)ributable to the 
issue of new shares or op(cid:415)ons are shown in equity as a deduc(cid:415)on, net of tax, from the proceeds. 
Share-op(cid:415)ons and warrant reserve - represents equity-se(cid:425)led share-based payments.  
Accumulated loss represents retained profits less retained losses. 
Revalua(cid:415)on reserve  represents  the  difference  between  the  nominal value  of shares issued by the 
Company to the shareholders of ZimDiv Holdings Limited (“Zimdiv”) and the nominal value of the 
ZimDiv shares taken in exchange.  
Non-controlling  interests  represents  the  share  of  retained  profits  less  retained  losses  of  the  non-
controlling interests.   
Foreign  currency  transla(cid:415)on  reserve  represents  the  other  comprehensive  income  gains  or  losses 
arising on the conversion of the func(cid:415)onal currencies of the subsidiaries to the holding company’s 
func(cid:415)onal currency of USD. 

3.21 

Leases 

Determining whether an arrangement contains a lease. 

At incep(cid:415)on of an arrangement, the Group determines whether the arrangement is or contains a lease. 

At incep(cid:415)on or on reassessment of an arrangement that contains a lease, the Group separates payments and 
other considera(cid:415)on required by the arrangement into those for the lease and those for other elements on the 
basis of their rela(cid:415)ve fair values. If the Group concludes for a finance lease that it is imprac(cid:415)cable to separate 
the payments reliably, then an asset and a liability are recognised at an amount equal to the fair value of the 
underlying asset; subsequently, the liability is reduced as payments are made and an imputed finance cost on 
the liability is recognised using the Group’s incremental borrowing rate. 

Assets held under leases are recognised as assets of the Group at the fair value at the incep(cid:415)on of the lease or, 
if lower, at the present value of the minimum lease payments. Lease payments are appor(cid:415)oned between interest 
expense  and  capital  redemp(cid:415)on  of  the  liability.  Interest  is  recognised  immediately  in  the  statement  of 
comprehensive income unless a(cid:425)ributable to qualifying assets, in which case they are capitalised to the cost of 
those assets. 

48 

 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Exemp(cid:415)ons are applied for short life leases and low value assets made under opera(cid:415)ng leases charged to the 
statement of comprehensive income on a straight line basis over the period of the lease. 

Payments made under non-capitalised leases are recognised in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the term 
of  the lease. Lease incen(cid:415)ves received are recognised as an integral part of the total  lease expense, over the 
term of the lease. 

Minimum  lease  payments  made  are  appor(cid:415)oned  between  the  finance  expense  and  the  reduc(cid:415)on  of  the 
outstanding liability. The finance expense is allocated to each period during the lease term so as to produce a 
constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. 

3.22 

Opera(cid:415)ng segments  

Segmental informa(cid:415)on  is  provided  for the  Group on the basis  of  informa(cid:415)on reported  internally to the  chief 
opera(cid:415)ng decision-maker for decision-making purposes. The Group  considers that the role of  chief opera(cid:415)ng 
decision-maker is performed by the Group’s board of directors.   

4. 

Significant accoun(cid:415)ng judgements, es(cid:415)mates and assump(cid:415)ons 

In  preparing  these  consolidated  financial  statements,  management  has  made  judgements,  es(cid:415)mates  and 
assump(cid:415)ons that affect the applica(cid:415)on of the Group’s accoun(cid:415)ng policies and the reported amounts of assets, 
liabili(cid:415)es, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from these es(cid:415)mates. 

Es(cid:415)mates and underlying assump(cid:415)ons are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to es(cid:415)mates are recognised 
prospec(cid:415)vely. 

4.1.  

Judgements 

Informa(cid:415)on about judgements made in applying accoun(cid:415)ng policies that have the most significant effects on the 
amounts recognised in the consolidated financial statements is included in the following notes: 

- 
- 

Note 4.7 - consolida(cid:415)on: whether the Group has de facto control over an investee; and 
Note 15 and 16 - leases: whether an arrangement contains a lease. 

4.2. 

Assump(cid:415)ons and es(cid:415)ma(cid:415)on uncertain(cid:415)es 

Informa(cid:415)on about assump(cid:415)ons and es(cid:415)ma(cid:415)on uncertain(cid:415)es that have a significant risk of resul(cid:415)ng in a material 
adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabili(cid:415)es within the year ended 31 December 2023 is included 
in the following notes: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

Note 25  -  recogni(cid:415)on of  deferred tax assets:  availability  of future  taxable profit  against which tax 
losses carried forward can be used; 
Note  4.4  -  Recoverability  of  explora(cid:415)on  and  evalua(cid:415)on  assets:  key  assump(cid:415)ons  underlying 
recoverable amounts; 
Note  4.5  -  Recoverability  of  RHA  Cash-Genera(cid:415)ng  Unit  “CGU”:  key  assump(cid:415)ons  underlying 
recoverable amounts; 
Note 15 and 16 – recogni(cid:415)on and measurement of provisions and con(cid:415)ngencies: key assump(cid:415)ons 
about the likelihood and magnitude of an ou(cid:414)low of resources; and 
Note 19  – share based payments assump(cid:415)ons regarding the various inputs into the  Black Scholes 
model used to determine the op(cid:415)on value.  

4.3.   Measurement of fair values 

A number of the Group’s accoun(cid:415)ng policies and disclosures require the measurement of fair values, for both 
financial and non-financial assets and liabili(cid:415)es. 

49 

 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

When measuring the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Group uses observable market data as far as possible. 
Fair values are categorised into different levels in a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in the valua(cid:415)on 
techniques as follows. 

• 
• 

• 

Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in ac(cid:415)ve markets for iden(cid:415)cal assets or liabili(cid:415)es. 
Level  2:  inputs  other  than  quoted  prices  included  in  Level  1  that  are  observable  for  the  asset  or 
liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices). 
Level 3: inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable 
inputs). 

If  the  inputs used to measure the  fair value  of  an asset or  a liability fall  into different levels of the  fair  value 
hierarchy,  then  the  fair  value  measurement  is  categorised  in  its  en(cid:415)rety  in  the  same  level  of  the  fair  value 
hierarchy as the lowest level input that is significant to the en(cid:415)re measurement. 

The  Group  recognises  transfers  between levels  of the  fair  value  hierarchy at  the  end of the  repor(cid:415)ng period 
during which the change occurred. 

Further informa(cid:415)on about the assump(cid:415)ons made in measuring fair values is included in the following notes: 

• 
• 

Note 19 - share-based payment arrangements; 
Note 29 - financial instruments. 

4.4 

Recoverability of explora(cid:415)on and evalua(cid:415)on assets 

Determining whether an explora(cid:415)on and evalua(cid:415)on asset is impaired requires an assessment of whether there 
are any indicators of impairment, including by reference to specific impairment indicators prescribed in IFRS 6 
Explora(cid:415)on  for  and  Evalua(cid:415)on  of  Mineral  Resources.    If  there  is  any  indica(cid:415)on  of  poten(cid:415)al  impairment,  an 
impairment test is required based on value in use of the asset or fair value less cost to sell.  

The carrying amount  of  explora(cid:415)on and  evalua(cid:415)on assets at  31 December 2023  amounted to $4.686  million 
(2022: $4.739 million). Refer to note 8 for the assump(cid:415)ons used.  

4.5 

Recoverability of RHA Cash-Genera(cid:415)ng Unit “CGU” 

Determining  whether  a  CGU  is  impaired  requires  an  assessment  of  whether  there  are  any  indicators  of 
impairment, including by reference to specific impairment indicators prescribed in IAS36 Impairment of Assets. 
If there is any indica(cid:415)on of poten(cid:415)al impairment, an impairment test is required based on the greater of fair 
value  less  cost  of  disposal,  and,  value  in  use  of  the  asset.  The  value  in  use  calcula(cid:415)on  requires  the  en(cid:415)ty  to 
es(cid:415)mate the future cash flows expected to arise from the cash-genera(cid:415)ng unit and a suitable discount rate in 
order to calculate the present value.  

During  2017  the  opera(cid:415)ng  losses  at  RHA  were  higher  than  predicted  due  to  opera(cid:415)ons  in  the  open  pit  and 
underground failing to deliver  both  the  ore  volumes and  the an(cid:415)cipated grade.    The opera(cid:415)ng  losses are  an 
indicator  of  poten(cid:415)al  impairment.  In  December  2017,  due  to  the  lower  ore  delivery,  an(cid:415)cipated  grade  and 
opera(cid:415)ng losses, the Board of Directors decided to place the RHA Tungsten mine under care and maintenance.  

As a result, management completed an impairment review. 

The impairment review concluded that four months further capex will be required in order to open the exis(cid:415)ng 
underground mining of 6 000  tons per month run of  mine  ore. Concurrently addi(cid:415)onal plant upgrades and a 
connec(cid:415)on to the na(cid:415)onal grid would result in a 40 000 ton  per month run of mine ore opera(cid:415)on. A further 
op(cid:415)on to construct a new decline vehicle access was not considered during this review.  

Key assump(cid:415)ons used in calcula(cid:415)ng the ini(cid:415)al impairment included:  

50 

 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

• 

• 

• 

• 

7 265 mtu concentrate produc(cid:415)on per month; 10 year mine plan; APT price of $275 per metric ton 
unit (‘mtu’);  
20% discount rate; and a zero growth rate in opera(cid:415)ng cash flow a(cid:332)er the plant is fully opera(cid:415)onal, 
forecast to be for the full year 2019. Other key factors include a(cid:425)ainment of forecast grade as set out 
in our resource statement and plant opera(cid:415)ng parameters being achieved.  
The XRT sorter installa(cid:415)on is a significant element in increasing confidence in RHA in that 70% of the 
an(cid:415)cipated run of mine feed target of 40 000 ton per month is passed through the sorter, which is 
able to recover approximately 90% of the mineralisa(cid:415)on in a mass pull of some 5%.  
The model assumes annual revenues of $13.1m from 2020.  Revenue genera(cid:415)on is dependent on a 
number of inter-linked  assump(cid:415)ons  and a combina(cid:415)on of  nega(cid:415)ve  changes  in those assump(cid:415)ons 
would result in further impairment charges.   

As the mine is not opera(cid:415)ng, these assump(cid:415)ons were not revisited and the mine remains fully impaired.  

Sensi(cid:415)vity  analysis  was  conducted  on  the  volume,  grade,  concentrate  produc(cid:415)on  per  month  and  APT  price 
assump(cid:415)ons in the model.  

The management of RHA con(cid:415)nue to engage with NIEEF about the future of RHA. 

4.6 

Es(cid:415)ma(cid:415)on of useful life for mine assets 

Mine assets are depreciated /amor(cid:415)sed on a straight-line basis over the life of the mine concerned.  Judgement 
is applied in assessing the mine’s useful life and in the case of RHA, the Group’s only opera(cid:415)ng concern, is based 
on the ini(cid:415)al Preliminary Economic Assessment (‘PEA’) first published in August 2013 that ini(cid:415)ally modelled an 8 
year life of mine. The life of mine reassessed annually based on levels of produc(cid:415)on. 

4.7 

Basis of consolida(cid:415)on 

RHA  

During  2013,  Premier  concluded  a  shareholders’  agreement  with  NIEEF  whereby  NIEEF  acquired  51%  of  the 
shares of RHA. The principal terms of the agreement are as follows: 

• 

• 
• 
• 

• 

• 

ZimDiv Holdings Limited (‘ZimDiv’), a wholly owned subsidiary, is appointed as the Manager of the 
project for an ini(cid:415)al 5 year term. 
On 7 May 2019 ZimDiv were reappointed as the manager for another 5 year term. 
ZimDiv has marke(cid:415)ng rights to the product. 
Each shareholder can appoint up to two directors each, with a 5th director who is rotated between 
each shareholder. The 5th director will not have a vote. 
Although the local Zimbabwean company is responsible for financing and repayment of such. Premier 
has secured the funding to advance RHA to produc(cid:415)on. 
There has been no opera(cid:415)onal change since the agreements were signed and Premier con(cid:415)nues to 
fund RHA un(cid:415)l it becomes cash genera(cid:415)ve.     

At the financial year-end, two directors of RHA were from the Premier Group and three directors from NIEEF. 
There is no majority vote at board level and Premier s(cid:415)ll retains opera(cid:415)onal and management control through 
its shareholders’ agreement. Following the assessment, the Directors concluded that Premier, through its wholly 
owned subsidiary ZimDiv, retained control and should con(cid:415)nue to consolidate 100% of RHA and recognise non-
controlling interests of 51% in the consolidated financial statements.  

4.8 

Valua(cid:415)ons  

• 

Investments  – Premier’s investment in Vortex Ltd (formerly Circum Minerals Ltd) is classified as an 
FVOCI as such is required to be measured at fair value  at the repor(cid:415)ng date. As Vortex is unlisted 

51 

 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

there are no quoted market prices. In previous years the fair value of the Vortex shares was derived 
using the most recent placing price. The Fair value of the Vortex shares as at 31 December 2023 was 
derived using the most recent placing price in 30 December 2022.  
Valua(cid:415)on  of  warrants,  share  op(cid:415)ons  and  ordinary  shares  issued  as  considera(cid:415)on  –  judgement  is 
applied  in  determining  appropriate  assump(cid:415)ons  to  be  used  in  calcula(cid:415)ng  the  fair  value  of  the 
warrants, shares and share op(cid:415)ons issued. Refer accoun(cid:415)ng policy note and note 19. 
Provision for Rehabilita(cid:415)on - A provision is recognised for site rehabilita(cid:415)on and decommissioning of 
current  mining  ac(cid:415)vi(cid:415)es  based  on  current  environmental  and  regulatory  requirements.  The  net 
present value of the provision is calculated at a discount rate of 10% over an 8 year life of mine. No 
mining took place during the year, therefore the remaining life of  the mine was not adjusted and 
resulted in no movement in the rehabilita(cid:415)on provision. 
The  life  of  mine  has  subsequently  been  reassessed  to  a  total  of  10  years.  The  corresponding 
rehabilita(cid:415)on assets were capitalised to property, plant and equipment and is depreciated over the 
life of the mine. 

• 

• 

• 

5. 

Going Concern 

These  consolidated  financial  statements  are  prepared  on  the  going  concern  basis.  The  going  concern  basis 
assumes that the Group will con(cid:415)nue in opera(cid:415)on for the foreseeable future and will be able to realise its assets 
and discharge its liabili(cid:415)es and commitments in the normal course of business.  

The Group has an opera(cid:415)ng loss from con(cid:415)nuing opera(cid:415)ons amoun(cid:415)ng to $14.450 million (2022: $4.622 million) 
and  nega(cid:415)ve  cash  flows  from  opera(cid:415)on  amoun(cid:415)ng  to  $8.030  million  for  the  year  ended  31  December  2023 
(2022: posi(cid:415)ve cash flows from opera(cid:415)ons amoun(cid:415)ng to $30.116 million). 

As at 31 December 2023, current liabili(cid:415)es exceeded current assets by $43.764 million (2022: $24.087 million). 
The Group raised $17.542 million (2022: $14.838 million) in net funding through share subscrip(cid:415)ons to fund the 
commissioning  of  the  Zulu  plant  and  development  work  at  the  Zulu  mine,  general  group  maintenance  and 
preserva(cid:415)on of assets and to inves(cid:415)gate and assess poten(cid:415)al diversifica(cid:415)on, through poten(cid:415)al investments in 
cash genera(cid:415)ng assets, as discussed above.   

There remains an ac(cid:415)ve and very liquid market for the Group's shares. 

The Directors have prepared a cash flow forecasts for the 18-month period ended 31 December 2025. These key 
assump(cid:415)ons of this forecast are as follows: 

RHA 

• 

Zulu 

• 

• 

The Company has not funded any of the ac(cid:415)vi(cid:415)es at RHA since 1 July 2019, apart from essen(cid:415)al care 
and maintenance costs. 

Zulu will have its new scrubber unit installed and opera(cid:415)onal in the week of 10 July. This will enable 
Zulu to produce and derive revenue from the sale of SC6. 
Premier has engaged Zimbabwean banks to facilitate the funding of Zulu's short-term needs as they 
may arise. 

The Group  

• 

• 
• 

During 2023 the Group issued 4,216,446,124 shares at an average price of 0.4455p per share raising 
a total of $18.786 million. This cash was  used  to con(cid:415)nue with the commission and development 
work at Zulu mine. 
In May 2023 the op(cid:415)ons issued in 2017 were exercised raising £550,382 for the Group. 
Premier has obtained support from its o(cid:335)ake and prepayment partner allowing Premier to pursue 
alterna(cid:415)ve funding avenues. 

52 

 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

• 

The calling of a Special  General Mee(cid:415)ng to  increase the number of shares  free from pre-emp(cid:415)ve 
rights by no more than 2 billion 

In the event that the Group is unable meet its obliga(cid:415)ons or have Zulu commence opera(cid:415)ons, then a material 
uncertainty exists which may cast significant doubt on the ability of the Company to con(cid:415)nue as a going concern 
and therefore be unable to realise its assets and se(cid:425)le its liabili(cid:415)es in the normal course of business. 

6. 

Opera(cid:415)ng segments 

The  Group  has  the  following  three  reportable  segments  that  are  managed  separately  due  to  the  different 
jurisdic(cid:415)ons.  

Segmental results, assets and liabili(cid:415)es include items directly a(cid:425)ributable to a segment as well as those that can 
be allocated on a reasonable basis.  

Reportable segments 
RHA and RHA Mauri(cid:415)us 
Zulu and Zulu Mauri(cid:415)us 
Head office 

Opera(cid:415)ons 
Development and mining of Wolframite 
Development of Lithium and Tantalite  
General administra(cid:415)on and control 

53 

 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

By operating segment 
2023 

Result 

Revenue  

Operating loss / (income) 

Other income 
Fair value movement on investment 

Finance charges 

Impairment of investments and  
loans receivable 

Loss before taxation 

Assets 

Exploration and evaluation assets 

Investments  

Property, plant and equipment 

Loans receivable 

Inventories 

Trade and other receivables 

Cash 

Total assets 

Liabilities 

Other financial liabilities 

Borrowings 

Bank overdraft 

Trade and other payables 

Provisions 

Total liabilities 

Net assets  

Other information 

Depreciation and amortisation 

Property plant and equipment additions 

Costs capitalised to intangible assets 

RHA Tungsten 
Mine 
Zimbabwe 
and RHA 
Mauritius* 

Exploration 
Zulu Lithium 
Zimbabwe 
and Zulu 
Mauritius 

Total 
continuing 
operations 

Unallocated 
Corporate 

$ 000 

$ 000 

$ 000 

$ 000 

-  

64 

-  

-  

-  

-  
64 

-  

-  

-  

-  

-  

8 

23 

31 

-  

-  

-  

-  

(360) 

(360) 

(329) 

-  

7,639 

(137) 

-  

-  

-  
7,501 

4,563 

-  

53,157 

-  

936 

1,346 

12 

60,014 

-  

-  

-  

-  

14,821 

(137) 

-  

5,818 

311 
20,813 

4,686 

501 

53,234 

232 

936 

5,001 

542 

65,132 

-  

(180) 

-  

(2,171) 

(50,063) 

-  

(2,171) 

57,843 

(360) 

(50,603) 

14,529 

-  

-  

-  

352 

17,573 

-  

371 

17,608 

446 

-  

7,118 

-  

-  

5,818 

311 
13,248 

123 

501 

77 

232 

-  

3,647 

507 

5,087 

-  

(180) 

-  

(47,892) 

-  

(48,072) 

(42,985) 

19 

35 

446 

54 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

By operating segment 
2022 

Result 

Revenue  

Operating loss / (income) 

Other income 
Finance charges 

Impairment of investments and  
loans receivable 

Loss before taxation 

Assets 

Exploration and evaluation assets 

Investments  

Property, plant and equipment 

Loans receivable 

Inventories 

Trade and other receivables 

Cash 

Total assets 

Liabilities 

Borrowings 

Trade and other payables 

Provisions 

Total liabilities 

Net assets  

Other information 

Depreciation and amortisation 

Property plant and equipment additions 

Costs capitalised to intangible assets 

RHA Tungsten 
Mine 
Zimbabwe 
and RHA 
Mauritius* 

Exploration 
Zulu Lithium 
Zimbabwe 
and Zulu 
Mauritius 

Total 
continued 
operations 

Unallocated 
Corporate 

$ 000 

$ 000 

$ 000 

$ 000 

-  

3,774 

-  

-  

1,161 
4,935 

176 

501 

63 

-  

-  

65 

9,238 

10,043 

(180) 

(33,792) 

-  

(33,972) 

(23,929) 

7 

70 

53 

-  

213 

-  

-  

-  
213 

-  

-  

-  

-  

-  

3 

12 

15 

-  

-  

(360) 

(360) 

(345) 

-  

-  

-  

-  

689 

(34) 

-  

-  
655 

4,563 

-  

35,934 

-  

11 

112 

377 

40,997 

-  

67 

-  

67 

41,064 

47 

35,981 

-  

-  

4,676 

(34) 

-  

1,161 
5,803 

4,739 

501 

35,997 

-  

11 

180 

9,627 

51,055 

(180) 

(33,725) 

(360) 

(34,265) 

16,790 

54 

36,051 

53 

*Represents 100% of the results and financial posi(cid:415)on of RHA Tungsten (Private) Limited (“RHA”) whereas the 
Group owns 49%. Non-controlling interests are disclosed in note 20. 

55 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

7. 

Hyper-infla(cid:415)onary accoun(cid:415)ng 

In terms of IAS29, Hyperinfla(cid:415)on is indicated by characteris(cid:415)cs of the economic environment of a country which 
include, but are not limited to, the following: 

a. 

b. 

c. 

d. 
e. 

the  general  popula(cid:415)on  prefers  to  keep  its  wealth  in  non-monetary  assets  or  in  a  rela(cid:415)vely  stable 
foreign currency. Amounts of local currency held are immediately invested to maintain purchasing 
power; 
the general popula(cid:415)on regards monetary amounts not in terms of the local currency but in terms of 
a rela(cid:415)vely stable foreign currency. Prices may be quoted in that currency; 
sales  and  purchases  on  credit  take  place  at  prices  that  compensate  for  the  expected  loss  of 
purchasing power during the credit period, even if the period is short;  
interest rates, wages and prices are linked to a price index; and  
the cumula(cid:415)ve infla(cid:415)on rate over three years is approaching, or exceeds, 100%. 

As  stated  in  the  2018  annual  financial  statements,  with  effect  of  the  21st  of  February  2019  Zimbabwe 
implemented the Real Time Gross Se(cid:425)lement of US Dollars (“RTGS”) at an official exchange rate of 1:1. At that 
(cid:415)me the official infla(cid:415)on rate was 0%. At the year end the official exchange rate has moved to RTGS 6,104.72: $1 
(2022: RTGS 684.3339: $1) whilst the official infla(cid:415)on rate has moved to 26.5% (2022: 105.50%) on a year on 
year  basis.  The  table  below  details  the  exchange  rates  and 
infla(cid:415)on  rates,  as  published  by 
h(cid:425)ps://tradingeconomics.com/zimbabwe/infla(cid:415)on-cpi,  on  a  monthly  basis  for  the  year  ended  31  December 
2023. 

Inflation Rate 
2023 

Exchange   Rate  
RTGS : US$ 1.00 
2023 

Inflation Rate  
2022 

Exchange   Rate  
RTGS : US$ 1.00 
2022 

34.80% 
44.10% 
40.80% 
33.50% 
30.70% 
30.90% 
22.70% 
17.70% 
18.40% 
17.80% 
21.60% 
26.50% 

796.5215 
889.1325 
929.3618 
1,047.4449 
2,577.0564 
5,739.7961 
4,516.8025 
4,606.6233 
5,466.7466 
6,007.9622 
6,102.7435 
6,104.7226 

60.60% 
66.10% 
72.70% 
96.40% 
131.70% 
70.00% 
96.10% 
106.30% 
107.50% 
108.70% 
107.10% 
105.50% 

115.4223 
124.0189 
142.4237 
159.3482 
301.4994 
370.9646 
443.8823 
546.8254 
621.8922 
632.7703 
654.9284 
684.3339 

January 
February 
March 
April 
May 
June 
July 
August 
September 
October 
November 
December 

Two of the Group’s subsidiaries, namely RHA and Zulu, operate in Zimbabwe.  

The compara(cid:415)ve financial statements have been restated to comply with IAS29. The financial statements reflect 
the  reduc(cid:415)on  in  the  purchasing  power  of  RTGS  which  have  been  remeasured,  in  terms  of  IAS  29,  as  at  31 
December 2022. 

With effect from 1 January 2023, all companies in the group prepare and present their financial informa(cid:415)on in 
US Dollars. Any local repor(cid:415)ng requirements will be managed by conver(cid:415)ng the USD values to the respec(cid:415)ve 
local currency. 

56 

 
 
  
  
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

8. 

Intangible assets 

Exploration and evaluations assets 
Total intangible assets 

Opening carrying value 
Expenditure on Exploration and evaluation 
Impairment of Exploration and evaluation assets 
Closing carrying value 

2023 
$ 000 

4,686  
4,686  

4,739  
446  
(499) 
4,686  

2022 
$ 000 

4,739  
4,739  

4,686  
53  
-   
4,739  

During 2021, the market condi(cid:415)ons for lithium improved substan(cid:415)ally. This improvement enabled management 
to revisit the assump(cid:415)ons surrounding the impairment of the Zulu Lithium Explora(cid:415)on and Evalua(cid:415)on assets. 
Based upon the current market condi(cid:415)ons and associated assump(cid:415)ons, management reversed the impairment 
of the Zulu Lithium’s Explora(cid:415)on and Evalua(cid:415)on assets. 

During 2020, the company acquired a por(cid:414)olio of hard-rock lithium assets located in Zimbabwe and Mozambique 
from Lithium Consolidated Ltd ("Li3"). 

During 2023, $0.446 million (2022: $0.053 million) was expended to purchase an op(cid:415)on to conduct explora(cid:415)on 
on Turwi Gold. 

Zulu Lithium and Tantalite Project 

During the year $nil (2022: $nil) explora(cid:415)on costs were incurred and capitalised to Zulu. The Group views this 
project as strategic and explora(cid:415)on work will be con(cid:415)nued in the future, cash flow permi(cid:427)ng.  

Key assump(cid:415)ons applied in calcula(cid:415)ng the discounted cash flow analysis included: 

• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

Targeted annual produc(cid:415)on of spodumene concentrate 
Targeted annual produc(cid:415)on of petalite concentrate 
Price of spodumene concentrate 
Price of petalite concentrate  
Discount rate  
Opera(cid:415)ng costs per combined tonnage of concentrate   
Es(cid:415)mated 15 year life of mine 
Average strip ra(cid:415)o of  

84 000 tonnes 
32 500 tonnes 
$975/t 
$400/t 
25% 
$486/t  

5.5:1 

During March 2021, the EPO was granted and a DFS commenced. Subsequently, the iden(cid:415)fied resource and the 
economics of the project indicated that the project was viable and The Group commenced developing the Zulu 
mine. 

For addi(cid:415)onal informa(cid:415)on on events a(cid:332)er the repor(cid:415)ng date, refer to note 32. 

57 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

9. 

Investments 

Opening carrying value 2022 
Shares acquired  
Fair value adjustment  
Closing carrying value 2022 
Shares acquired  
Fair value adjustment  
Closing carrying value 2023 

Reconciliation of movements in investments 
Opening carrying value 2022 (1) (2) (3) 
Acquisition at fair value 2022  
Fair value adjustment  
Opening carrying value 2023 
Acquisition of shares 
Fair value adjustment  
Closing carrying value 2023 

Vortex 
(formerly 
Circum 
Minerals) 

Manganese 
Namibian 
Holdings 

Total 

$ 000 
6,263 
- 
(5,762) 
501 
- 
- 
501 

6,263 
- 
(5,762) 
501 
- 
- 
501 

$ 000 
2,079 
- 
(2,079) 
- 
- 
- 
- 

2,079 
- 
(2,079) 
- 
- 
- 
- 

$ 000 
8,342 
- 
(7,841) 
501 
- 
- 
501 

8,342 
- 
(7,841) 
501 
- 
- 
501 

(1) Represents 5 million shares in unlisted en(cid:415)ty Circum. 
(2) As Circum is unlisted there are no quoted markets. The fair value of the Circum shares was derived using the 
previous issue price and valida(cid:415)ng it against the most recent placing price on 30 December 2022 of $0.10 per 
share. In  March  2022, the  shares were  sold at  book  value  to  Vortex Limited  in exchange for shares in Vortex 
Limited. 
(3) Represents a purchase of 19.9% interest in MNH. 

The  shares  are  considered  to  be  level  3  financial  assets  under  the  IFRS  13  categorisa(cid:415)on  of  fair  value 
measurements.    

Premier  con(cid:415)nues  to  have  an  indirect  interest  in  5,010,333  shares  in  Circum  held  by  Vortex  and  is  currently 
valued in total at $0.501 million (2022: $0.501 million).  

The fair value of these investments on 31 December 2023 amounted to $0.501 million (2022: $0.501 million).  

Premier’s investment in Vortex is classified as FVOCI and as such is required to be measured at fair value at each 
repor(cid:415)ng date. As Vortex is unlisted there are no quoted market prices. The fair value of the Circum shares held 
by Vortex was derived using the previous issue price and valida(cid:415)ng it against the most recent placing price on 30 
December 2022. 

Premier’s investment in MNH is classified as FVOCI and as such is required to be measured at fair value at each 

repor(cid:415)ng date. As MNH is unlisted there are no quoted market prices. The fair value of the MNH shares was fully 
impaired based on their most recently available financial informa(cid:415)on. 

58 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Sensi(cid:415)vity analysis 

The investments are subject to changes in market prices. A 10% reduc(cid:415)on  in market prices would  result in a 
$0.050 million (2022: $0.050 million) charge to Other Comprehensive Income. 

10. 

Property, plant and equipment 

Cost 
At 1 January 2022 
Exchange differences (1) 
Transfer from Capital Work in 
Progress 
Additions 
Disposals 

At 31 December 2022 
Exchange differences (1) 
Additions 
Disposals 

At 31 December 2023 

895  
(122) 
-   

-   
-   
773  
7,649  
490  
-   
8,912  

Accumulated Depreciation and Impairment Losses 
At 1 January 2022 
Charge for the period 
Exchange differences (1) 
Impairment of RHA  

895  
(122) 
-   
-   
773  
7,649  
-   
-   
8,422  

At 31 December 2022 
Exchange differences (1) 
Charge for the year 
Impairment 
At 31 December 2023 

Net Book Value 
At 31 December 2022 
At 31 December 2023 

Mine 
Development 
$ 000 

Plant and 
Equipment 
$ 000 

Land and 
Buildings 
$ 000 

Capital 
Work-in-
Progress 

-   
-   

34,956  
-   
34,956  
-   
16,307  
-   
51,263  

-   
-   
-   
-   
-   
-   
-   
-   
-   

Total 
$ 000 

3,748  
(198) 

-   

35,911  
-   
39,461  
16,971  
17,608  
-   
74,040  

3,609  
(199) 
54  
-   
3,464  
16,971  
371  
-   
20,806  

2,812  
(54) 
-   

700  
-   
3,458  
7,918  
643  
-   
12,019  

2,687  
(54) 
44  
-   
2,677  
7,918  

303 
-   
10,898  

41  
(22) 
-   

255  
-   
274  
1,404  
168  
-   
1,846  

27  
(23) 
10  
-   
14  
1,404  
68  
-   
1,486  

-   
490  

781  
1,121  

260  
360  

34,956  
51,263  

35,997  
53,234  

59 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

 11. 

Loans receivable 

Vortex Ltd 

Li3 Lithium Corp 

2023 

$ 000 

-  

232  

232  

2022 

$ 000 

-  

-  

-  

During the year the Group advanced $0.311 million (2022: $0.243 million) to Vortex Ltd to enable Vortex Ltd to 
par(cid:415)cipate in rights issues conducted by Circum Minerals Ltd. The most recent rights issue on 30 December 2022 
for $0.10 per Circum share. Due to the price of the rights issue, the Group fully impaired the loan advanced. 

During the year, the Group entered into a 50:50 joint venture explora(cid:415)on agreement with Li3 Lithium Corp to 
develop the Licomex claims. The loan value represents the amount due by Li3 Lithium Corp’s in excess of their 
share of the expenses incurred on this project. 

12. 

Inventories 

2023 
$ 000 

21 
652 
263 
936 

2023 
$ 000 

1,094  
8  
3,899  
5,001  

5,001  
- 
5,001  

2021 
$ 000 

-  
- 
11 
11 

2022 
$ 000 

3  
52  
125  
180  

180  
- 
180  

Diesel 
Spares and plant consumables 
Plant Chemicals 

13. 

Trade and other receivables 

Indirect tax receivable  
Other receivables 
Prepayments 

Current 
Non-current 

60 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

The exposure to credit risk for trade receivables 
by geographic region was as follows: 

Zimbabwe 
Other 

The exposure to credit risk for trade receivables 
by counterparty was as follows: 

Zimbabwe Revenue Authority 
Other 

The exposure to credit risk for trade receivables 
by credit rating was as follows: 

External credit ratings 
Other  

2023 
$ 000 

2022 
$ 000 

1,354  
3,647  
5,001  

1,094  
3,907  
5,001  

-   
5,001  
5,001  

3  
52  
55  

3  
52  
55  

-   
55  
55  

The receivables are considered to be held within a held-to-collect business model consistent with the Group’s 
con(cid:415)nuing recogni(cid:415)on of the receivables. 

As at 31 December 2023 the Group does not have any contract assets arising out of contracts with customers 
rela(cid:415)ng to the Group’s right to receive considera(cid:415)on for work completed but not billed. 

Credit and market risks, and impairment losses 

The Group did not impair any of its trade receivables as at 31 December 2023, as all trade receivables generated 
during the financial year were se(cid:425)led in full prior to the year-end. 

Informa(cid:415)on about the Group’s exposure to credit and market risks and impairment losses for trade receivables 
is included in Note 29. 

The Directors consider that the carrying amount of trade and other receivables approximates their fair value. 

14. 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Bank balances 
Cash and cash equivalents per the statement of cash flows 

2023 
$ 000 
542  
542  

2022 
$ 000 
9,627 
9,627 

61 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

15. 

Provisions – rehabilita(cid:415)on 

As at 1 January 
Foreign Exchange variation on translation 
Unwinding of discount 
As at 31 December 

2023 
$ 000 
360  
-   
-   
360  

2022 
$ 000 
360  
-   
-   
360  

A  provision  is  recognised  for  site  rehabilita(cid:415)on  and  decommissioning  of  current  mining  ac(cid:415)vi(cid:415)es  based  on 
current  environmental  and  regulatory  requirements.  The  gross  provision  was  based  upon  an  environmental 
impact  assessment  (“EIA”)  conducted  and  calculated  in  2014  and  discounted  to  a  net  present  value  using  a 
discount rate of 10% over a life of mine of 8 years. The corresponding rehabilita(cid:415)on assets was capitalised to 
property, plant and equipment and is depreciated over the life of the mine. The ini(cid:415)al provision for rehabilita(cid:415)on 
was  performed  in  the  then  func(cid:415)onal  currency  of  USD. With  the  implementa(cid:415)on  of  RTGS  this  provision  was 
restated in terms of note 7 on Hyperinfla(cid:415)onary accoun(cid:415)ng. With RHA currently under care and maintenance 
the directors reassessed the final provision based upon actual volumes extracted versus projected volumes. This 
reassessment will be done annually taking into considera(cid:415)on the remaining volume of ore to be extracted, the 
current level of mining that has already been conducted and the es(cid:415)mated costs involved in rehabilita(cid:415)ng the 
land. 

16. 

Trade and other payables 

Trade payables 
Accrued expenses 
Advance receipt by Suzhou TA&A Ultra Clean 
Short term loan from a director - G. Roach 
Payroll liabilities 

2023 
$ 000 

4,611  
2,682  
40,376  
2,269  
125  
50,063  

2022 
$ 000 

984  
273  
32,464  
-  
4  
33,725  

During  the  2022  financial  year  the  Group  entered  into  an  O(cid:335)ake  and  Marke(cid:415)ng  agreement  with  Canmax, 
whereby Canmax would prepurchase 143,000 tonnes of spodumene concentrate that will be produced by the 
Group’s Zulu mine. During 2023, this advance receipt accrued interest of $5.732 million. 

Premier  engaged  China  Zenith  Capital  Ltd  to  facilitate  the  placement  of  3,000,000,000  shares  with  Canmax. 
Subsequently  the  Group  entered  into  an  O(cid:335)ake  and  Marke(cid:415)ng  agreement  with  Canmax,  whereby  Canmax 
would prepurchase 143,000 tonnes of spodumene concentrate that will be produced by the Group’s Zulu mine. 
In 2024 China Zenith Capital Ltd was awarded their success fee of $1,350,000 plus interest and costs. Accordingly 
an amount of $2.078 million has been accrued. 

During the year, a director, Mr. G. Roach advanced the Group $2.269 million including interest. This loan is to be 
se(cid:425)led in shares by 31 December 2024. 

All trade and other payables at 31 December 2023 are due within one year, non-interest bearing, and comprise 
amounts outstanding for mine purchases and on-going costs, except as described further below. The Directors 
consider that the carrying amount of trade and other payables approximates their fair value. 

62 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

17. 

Borrowings 

Loan Neil Herbert 

Reconciliation of movement in borrowings 
As at 1 January 
Loans received (1) 
Accrued interest 
As at 31 December 

Current 
Non-current 

2023 
$ 000 

180  
180  

2022 
$ 000 

180  
180  

2023 
$ 000 

2022 
$ 000 

180  
-   
-   
180  

180  
-   
180  

180  
-   
-   
180  

180  
-   
180  

Borrowings comprise loans from a related party and a non-related party. Loans from a related party are further 
disclosed in Note 31, Related Party Transac(cid:415)ons. 

(1) 
Neil Herbert made  available a loan of US$180,000 to the Company. Under the terms of the Director 
Loan, the loan is both unsecured and will not a(cid:425)ract any interest and is repayable in full by the Company on the 
signing of a new off-take agreement at Otjozondu. The purpose of the  Director Loan  is  to provide  funding to 
Premier to allow an amendment to the Otjozondu Loan while Premier, ac(cid:415)ng collec(cid:415)vely with Otjozondu, looks 
to secure the best possible off-take funding package.  

At 31 December 2023 the off-take funding had not been secured and Mr Herbert agreed to the deferment of the 
repayment of the loan un(cid:415)l such off-take agreement has been secured. 

18. 

Share capital 

Authorised share capital 

26.63 billion (2022: 22.42 billion) ordinary shares of no par value. 

63 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Issued share capital 

As at 1 January  2022 

Number of 
Shares 
 ‘000 

Value 
$ 000 

19,418,009  

59,432  

Shares issued for direct Investment (1) 

3,000,000  

15,782  

As at 31 December 2022 

22,418,009  

75,214  

Shares issued for direct Investment (2) 
Shares issued on conversion of fees (3) 
Shares issued on conversion of fees (4) 
Shares issued on conversion of fees (5) 
Shares issued for direct Investment (6) 
Shares issued on conversion of loan (7) 
Shares issued under subscription agreement (8) 
Shares issued on conversion for fees (9) 
Shares issued on conversion for fees (10) 
Shares issued on conversion for fees (11) 
Shares issued on conversion for fees (12) 
Shares issued on conversion for fees (13) 
Shares issued under subscription agreement (14) 
Shares issued under subscription agreement (15) 
Shares issued under subscription agreement (16) 

As at 31 December 2023 

Less cumulative share costs 

Net share capital as at 31 December 2023 

190,216  
161,877  
11,892  
54,054  
1,106,286  
36,571  
1,428,571  
90,000  
15,000  
11,000  
45,000  
22,500  
518,696  
518,696  

6,087  

2,194  
688  
136  
753  
4,847  
153  
6,251  
397  
57  
40  
165  
82  
1,498  
1,507  

18  

26,634,455  

94,000  

(5,507) 

88,493  

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

(6) 

(7) 

(8) 

On 30 March 2022 the Company issued 3 000 000 000 shares under a subscrip(cid:415)on agreement at a 
price of 0.4p for a total value of $15.782 million. 
On 22 May 2023 the Company issued 190 216 216 shares under a subscrip(cid:415)on agreement at a price 
of 0.092p for a total value of $ 2.194 million. 
On  26  May  2023  the  Company  issued  161  877  130  shares  for  a  total  value  of  $  0.688  million  for 
conversion of fees to a contractor. 
On  26  May  2023  the  Company  issued  11  891  892  shares  for  a  total  value  of  $  0.136  million  for 
conversion of fees. 
On  26  May  2023  the  Company  issued  54  054  054  shares  for  a  total  value  of  $  0.753  million  for 
conversion of fees. 
On 1 September 2023 the Company issued 1 106 285 713 shares under a subscrip(cid:415)on agreement at 
a price of 0.035p for a total value of $ 4.847 million.   
On 4 September 2023 the Company issued 36 571 430 shares for a total value of $ 0.153 million for 
conversion of loan. 
On 14 September 2023 the Company issued 1 428 571 428 shares under a subscrip(cid:415)on agreement 
at a price of 0.035p for a total value of $ 6.251 million. 

64 

 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

(9) 

On 15 November 2023 the Company issued 90 000 000 shares for a total value of $ 0.397 million for 
conversion of fees. 

(10)  On 4 December 2023 the Company issued 15 000 000 shares for a total value of $ 0.040 million for 

conversion of fees. 

(11)  On 4 December 2023 the Company issued 11 000 000 shares for a total value of $ 0.057 million for 

conversion of fees. 

(12)  On 12 December 2023 the Company issued 45 000 000 shares for a total value of $ 0.165 million for 

conversion of fees. 

(13)  On 13 December 2023 the Company issued 22 500 000 shares for a total value of $ 0.081 million for 

conversion of fees. 

(14)  On 13 December 2023 the Company issued 518 695 652 shares under a subscrip(cid:415)on agreement at a 

price of 0.023p for a total value of $ 1.498 million. 

(15)  On 14 December 2023 the Company issued 518 695 652 shares under a subscrip(cid:415)on agreement at a 

price of 0.023p for a total value of $1.507 million. 

(16)  On 31 December 2023 the Company issued 6 086 957 shares under a subscrip(cid:415)on agreement at a 

price of 0.023p for a total value of $0.018 million. 

Reconcilia(cid:415)on to balance as stated in the consolidated statement of financial posi(cid:415)on 

2023 
$ 000 

70,951  
9,274  
2,318  

153  
-   
-   
(1,244) 
7,041  
88,493  

2023 
$ 000 

3,708  
-   
1,509  
(1,685) 
-   
3,532  

2022 
$ 000 

56,113  
-   
-   

-   

-   
(944) 
15,782  
70,951  

2022 
$ 000 

2,366  
-   
1,342  
-   
-   
3,708  

As at 1 January 
Shares issued under subscription agreements – cash flow 
Shares issued to settle trade payables 
Shares issued on conversion of loans and loan notes (note 12 above) 
 - non-cash 
Shares issued on exercise of warrants – cash flow 
Shares issued to purchase Investment in MNH 
Share issue costs – cash flow 
Shares issued for direct Investment  
As at 31 December 

19. 

Share based payment and warrant reserve 

Share options and warrants reserve beginning of year 
Warrants granted 
Share options granted 
Share options exercised 
Warrants cancelled 
Share options and warrants reserve end of year 

Share op(cid:415)ons and warrant arrangements are set out below. 

65 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Equity-se(cid:425)led Share base payment arrangement 

The Company adopted an incen(cid:415)ve share op(cid:415)on plan (the ‘Plan’) during 2012. The essen(cid:415)al elements of the Plan 
provide  that  the  aggregate  number  of  common  shares  of  the  Company’s  capital  stock  issuable  pursuant  to 
op(cid:415)ons granted under the Plan may not exceed 15% of the issued and outstanding Ordinary Shares at the (cid:415)me 
of any grant of op(cid:415)ons. Op(cid:415)ons granted under the Plan will have a maximum term of 10 years. All op(cid:415)ons granted 
to Directors and management are subject to ves(cid:415)ng provisions of one to two years.  

All op(cid:415)ons are to be se(cid:425)led by the physical delivery of shares.  

The fair value of all the share op(cid:415)ons has been measured using the Black-Scholes Model. 

Number of 
Options 
Granted 
‘000 

2,250  
20,386  
20,386  

5,536  
6,000  
6,000  
6,500  
6,500  
2,000  
2,000  
3,250  
3,250  
30,500  
50,439  
30,500  
50,439  
122,500 
202,500 
65,000 
202,500 
65,000 
202,500 
65,000 
202,500 
1,373,436  

Exercise 
Price  

Expiry Date 

Estimated 
Fair Value  

1.135p  09/02/2014 

Nil  03/12/2022 
2p  03/12/2022 

Nil  03/12/2022 
1.15p  28/07/2024 
1.50p  28/07/2024 
1.15p  28/07/2024 
1.50p  28/07/2024 
0.9p  12/03/2025 
1.17p  12/03/2025 
0.9p  12/03/2025 
1.17p  12/03/2025 
0.28p  18/01/2027 
0.28p  18/01/2027 
0.40p  18/01/2027 
0.40p  18/01/2027 
Nil  31/05/2032 
Nil  31/05/2032 
0.4p  31/05/2032 
0.4p  31/05/2032 
0.5p  31/05/2032 
0.5p  31/05/2032 
0.5p  31/05/2032 
0.5p  31/05/2032 

0.87p 

1.11p 
1.85p 

1.85p 
1.15p 
1.15p 
1.15p 
1.15p 
0.67p 
0.64p 
0.67p 
0.64p 
0.278p 
0.278p 
0.28p 
0. 28p 
0.32p 
0.32p 
0.18p 
0.18p 
0.19p 
0.19p 
0.19p 
0.19p 

Issued to 
Employees and 
consultants 
Directors 
Directors 
Employees and 
associates 
Directors  
Directors 
Management 
Management 
Directors 
Directors 
Management 
Management 
Directors 
Consultants 
Directors 
Consultants 
Directors 
Consultants 
Directors 
Consultants 
Directors 
Consultants 
Directors 
Consultants 
Total number of options 

Date 
Granted 

Vesting Term 

10/02/2011  1 year 

04/12/2012  See 1 below 
04/12/2012  See 2 below 

04/12/2012  See 3 below 
29/07/2014  See 4 below 
29/07/2014  See 5 below 
29/07/2014  See 4 below 
29/07/2014  See 5 below 
13/03/2015  See 4 below 
13/03/2015  See 5 below 
13/03/2015  See 4 below 
13/03/2015  See 5 below 
19/01/2017  See 5 below 
19/01/2017  See 5 below 
19/01/2017  See 5 below 
19/01/2017  See 5 below 
30/05/2022  See 6 below 
30/05/2022  See 6 below 
30/05/2022  See 6 below 
30/05/2022  See 6 below 
30/05/2022  See 6 below 
30/05/2022  See 6 below 
30/05/2022  See 6 below 
30/05/2022  See 6 below 

66 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Issued to: 
-          Directors 
-          Employees and consultants 
-          Management 

Less:  
-          Options exercised in prior years 
-          Options exercised in the current year 
-          Options cancelled in prior years 
-          Options cancelled in the current year 
Total options in issue at 31 December 2023 

429,272  
924,664  
19,500  
1,373,436  

27,257  
161,877  
32,802  
-   
1,151,500  

Expected  vola(cid:415)lity  has  been  based  on  an  evalua(cid:415)on  of  the  historical  vola(cid:415)lity  of  the  Company’s  share  price, 
par(cid:415)cularly  over  the  historical  period  commensurate  with  the  expected  term.  The  expected  term  of  the 
instruments has been based on historical experience and general op(cid:415)on holder behaviour. 

The Company has granted the following share op(cid:415)ons during the years up to 31 December 2023: 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

These share op(cid:415)ons vest on the two-year anniversary of the grant date. The op(cid:415)ons are exercisable 
at  any  (cid:415)me  a(cid:332)er  ves(cid:415)ng  during  the  grantee’s  period  as  an  eligible  op(cid:415)on  holder,  and  must  be 
exercised no later than 10 years a(cid:332)er the date of grant, a(cid:332)er which the op(cid:415)ons will lapse.  
These share op(cid:415)ons vest in equal instalments annually on the anniversary of the grant date over a 
two year period. The op(cid:415)ons are exercisable at any (cid:415)me a(cid:332)er ves(cid:415)ng during the grantee’s period as 
an eligible op(cid:415)on holder, and must be exercised no later than 10 years a(cid:332)er the date of grant, a(cid:332)er 
which the op(cid:415)ons will lapse. 
These share op(cid:415)ons vested on the grant date. The op(cid:415)ons are exercisable at any (cid:415)me a(cid:332)er ves(cid:415)ng 
during the grantee’s period as an eligible op(cid:415)on holder, and must be exercised no later than 10 years 
a(cid:332)er the date of grant, a(cid:332)er which the op(cid:415)ons will lapse.  
These share op(cid:415)ons vest on the one-year anniversary of the grant date. The op(cid:415)ons are exercisable 
at  any  (cid:415)me  a(cid:332)er  ves(cid:415)ng  during  the  grantee’s  period  as  an  eligible  op(cid:415)on  holder,  and  must  be 
exercised no later than 10 years a(cid:332)er the date of grant, a(cid:332)er which the op(cid:415)ons will lapse.  
These share op(cid:415)ons vest on the two-year anniversary of the grant date. The op(cid:415)ons are exercisable 
at  any  (cid:415)me  a(cid:332)er  ves(cid:415)ng  during  the  grantee’s  period  as  an  eligible  op(cid:415)on  holder,  and  must  be 
exercised no later than 10 years a(cid:332)er the date of grant, a(cid:332)er which the op(cid:415)ons will lapse.  
These share op(cid:415)ons vest on the 18 month anniversary of the grant date. The op(cid:415)ons are exercisable 
at  any  (cid:415)me  a(cid:332)er  ves(cid:415)ng  during  the  grantee’s  period  as  an  eligible  op(cid:415)on  holder,  and  must  be 
exercised no later than 10 years a(cid:332)er the date of grant, a(cid:332)er which the op(cid:415)ons will lapse. 
These share op(cid:415)ons vest on the 30 month anniversary of the grant date. The op(cid:415)ons are exercisable 
at  any  (cid:415)me  a(cid:332)er  ves(cid:415)ng  during  the  grantee’s  period  as  an  eligible  op(cid:415)on  holder,  and  must  be 
exercised no later than 10 years a(cid:332)er the date of grant, a(cid:332)er which the op(cid:415)ons will lapse. 

No share op(cid:415)ons were granted during the year ended 31 December 2023. 

The expense for the year for the fair value of the op(cid:415)ons previously granted was $1.509 million (2022: $1.342 
million).  The  assessed  fair  value  of  op(cid:415)ons  granted  to  directors  and  management  was  determined  using  the 
Black-Scholes Model that takes into account the exercise price, the term of the op(cid:415)on, the share price at grant 
date,  the expected  price vola(cid:415)lity of  the underlying  share,  the expected  dividend yield  and the risk-free rate 
interest rate for the term of the op(cid:415)on. 

67 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Directors: 
 - G. Roach 
 - W. Hampel 
 - G. Manhambara 
 - Resigned directors 
Other option holders 

In issue prior to 
1 January 2022 

Exercised 
during the 
year 

Cancelled / 
Lapsed during 
the year 

Granted 
during the 
year 

In issue as at 31 
December 2023 

279,000  
25,500  
40,000  
53,000  
915,877  
1,313,377  

(19,000) 
(5,500) 
-   
(42,000) 
(95,377) 
(161,877) 

-   
-   
-   
-   
-   
-   

-   
-   
-   
-   
-   
-   

260,000  
20,000  
40,000  
11,000  
820,500  
1,151,500  

The Group has the following share op(cid:415)ons outstanding: 

Grant Date 

Expiry Date 

Exercise Price 

29/07/2014 
29/07/2014 
13/03/2015 
13/03/2015 
30/05/2022 
30/05/2022 
30/05/2022 
30/05/2022 

28/07/2024 
28/07/2024 
12/03/2025 
12/03/2025 
31/05/2032 
31/05/2032 
31/05/2032 
31/05/2032 

1.15p 
1.50p 
0.9p 
1.17p 
Nil 
0.4p 
0.5p 
0.5p 

Number of 
options  
outstanding 
 '000 
3,000  
10,500  
5,250  
5,250  
325,000 
267,500 
267,500 
267,500 
1,151,500  

Number of 
options vested 
and exercisable 
 '000 
6,500  
6,500  
5,250  
5,250  
325,000 
267,500 
211,801 
169,295 
997,096  

The following table lists the inputs into the valua(cid:415)on model. 

Dividend 
Yield (%) 

Expected  
Volatility (%) 

Risk- free 
interest rate 
(%) 

Share price 
at grant 
date 

Exercise  
price 

-   
-   
-   
-   
-   
-   
-   
-   

148 
148 
100 
100 
70 
70 
70 
70 

1.71 
1.71 
1.71 
1.71 
3.02 
3.02 
3.02 
3.02 

1.15p 
1.15p 
0.9p 
0.9p 
0.32p 
0.32p 
0.32p 
0.32p 

1.15p 
1.50p 
0.9p 
1.17p 
Nil 
0.4p 
0.5p 
0.5p 

Issue - 29 July 2014 
Issue - 29 July 2014 
Issue - 13 March 2015 
Issue - 13 March 2015 
Issue - 30 May 2022 
Issue - 30 May 2022 
Issue - 30 May 2022 
Issue - 30 May 2022 

The shares that the op(cid:415)ons are based on are quoted in GBP and so the op(cid:415)on agreement is stated in GBP. As 
such they are presented in GBP despite the presenta(cid:415)onal currency of the Group being USD. 

The number and weighted-average exercise prices of share op(cid:415)ons under the share op(cid:415)on programmes and 
replacement awards were as follows: 

2023 

68 

2022 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Options outstanding, beginning of 
year 
Exercised 
Expired 
Granted 
Options outstanding, end of year 

Shares 
‘000 

Weighted 
Average 
Exercise Price 

1,313,377 

(161,877) 
-   
-   
1,151,500 

0.35p 

0.46p 
0p 
0p 
0.33p 

Shares 
‘000 

200,349 

-   
(14,472) 
1,127,500 
1,313,377 

Weighted 
Average 
Exercise Price 

0.55p 

0p 
0p 
0.33p 
0.35p 

The weighted-average life of the op(cid:415)ons in issue as at 31 December 2023 is 8 years and 96 days (2022 – 8 years 
and 2 days.) 

Warrants 

The Company did not grant warrant op(cid:415)ons during the year (2022: nil) 

A summary of the status of the Company’s share warrants as of 31 December 2023 and changes during the year 
are as follows: 

Warrants outstanding, beginning of 
year 
Granted 
Expired 
Exercised 
Cancelled * 
Warrants outstanding, end of year 

2023 
‘000 

2022 
‘000 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

There are no warrants outstanding in favour of the Directors. 

Premier’s share price opened at 0.510p in January 2022, traded at an average of 0.566p, with a high of 1.040p 
and low of 0.200p during the year and closed at 0.220p on 31 December 2023. 

20. 

Non-controlling interest 

RHA Tungsten Limited (51% Non-controlling interest) 

At 1 January 
Foreign exchange and hyper-inflationary adjustments 
Non-controlling interest in share of profit / (losses) for the year - RHA 

Non-controlling interest in share of other comprehensive income for 
the period 

At 31 December  

2023 
$ 000 

(12,717) 
-  
-  

(438) 
(13,155) 

2022 
$ 000 

(12,205) 
-  
(68) 

(444) 
(12,717) 

The following table summarises the informa(cid:415)on rela(cid:415)ng to each of the Group’s subsidiaries that has material 
Non-controlling interest, before any intra-group elimina(cid:415)ons. 

69 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Non-controlling Interest percentage 
Non-current assets 
Current assets 
Non-current liabilities 
Current liabilities 
Net assets  

2023 
RHA 
51% 
-  
32 
(18,582) 
(7,244) 
(25,794) 

2022 
RHA 
51% 
-  
15 
(18,516) 
(6,434) 
(24,935) 

Net assets attributed to Non-controlling Interest 

(13,155) 

(12,717) 

Revenue 
Profit / (Loss) 
Other Comprehensive Income /(Loss) 
Total comprehensive income 
Loss allocated to NCI 

-  
(859) 
-  
(859) 
(438) 

-  
(870) 
(134) 
(1,004) 
(512) 

The share of losses in the year represents the losses a(cid:425)ributable to non-controlling interests in RHA for the year. 

21. 

Revenue 

Major product/service lines 
Sale of Wolframite 
Sale of scrap 
Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe Export Incentive 
Total revenue 
Prescription of debts 
Total other income 

Gross revenue 

Primary Geographical Markets 
Africa 

Timing of revenue recognition 
Products transferred at a point in time 

2023 
$ 000 

2022 
$ 000 

-   
-   
-   
-   
137  
137  

137  

137  
137  

-   
-   

-   
-   
-   
-   
34  
34  

34  

34  
34  

-   
-   

70 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

22. 

Cost of sales excluding deprecia(cid:415)on and amor(cid:415)sa(cid:415)on 

Mining contractor 
Staff costs 
Consumables 
Equipment hire and maintenance 
Mining services 
Plant services 
Selling costs 
Inventory write-down / (write-up) 

23. 

Administra(cid:415)ve expenses 

Audit fees - Holding company 
  - Under provision prior year 
  - Over provision prior year 
Staff costs   
Consulting and advisory fees 
Directors’ fees 
Accounting and legal fees 
Marketing and public relations 
Travel 
Security costs 
Vehicle operating costs 
Insurance 
Office and administration 
Short term non-capitalised lease payments  
Foreign exchange losses  
Share based payment (note 19)  
Exploration costs 

71 

2023 
$ 000 

2,312 
506 
266 
-  
-  
58 
663 
-  

3,805 

2023 
$ 000 

44 
- 
(16) 
1,946 
3,931 
126 
792 
131 
715 
117 
112 
59 
862 
124 
193 
1,509 
- 
10,645 

2022 
$ 000 

-  
-  
-  
-  
-  
-  
-  
-  

-  

2022 
$ 000 

42 
7 
- 
53 
1,369 
116 
230 
22 
380 
33 
47 
53 
306 
126 
480 
1,342 
16 
4,622 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Number of staff 

2023 

2022 

Directors of the Holding Company 
Administrative staff 
Total Holding Company staff 
Directors of subsidiaries 
Subsidiary administrative and operating staff 
Total staff 

24. 

Finance charges 

Interest charged by suppliers 
Interest on borrowings 
Derivative financial liability transaction costs 
Unwinding of discount on provisions 
Loss on extinguishment of debt 
Interest on finance lease 

25. 

Taxa(cid:415)on 

Deferred tax 

As at 1 January  
As at 31 December 
Income Tax 
Taxation charge for the year 

4 
0 
4 
3 
220 
227 

2023 
$ 000 

- 
5,818 
- 
- 
- 
- 
5,818 

4 
0 
4 
3 
12 
19 

2022 
$ 000 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

2023 
$ 000 

2022 
$ 000 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

There is no taxa(cid:415)on charge for the year ended 31 December 2023 (2022: Nil) because the Group is registered in 
the Bri(cid:415)sh Virgin Islands where no corporate taxes or capital gains tax are charged. However, the Group may be 
liable for taxes in the jurisdic(cid:415)ons of the underlying opera(cid:415)ons. 

The Group has incurred  tax losses in West Africa and Zimbabwe; however, a deferred tax asset has not been 
recognised in the accounts due to the unpredictability of future profit streams.  The accumulated tax losses not 
recognised at RHA amount to RTGS 15,862.422 million (2022: 15,862.422 million). 

72 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Reconciliation of effective tax rate 

2023 

Loss before tax from continuing operations 
Tax using the Zimbabwean company tax rate 
Tax effect of:  
Effects of tax rates in foreign jurisdictions  

Con(cid:415)ngent liability 

2023 
$ 000 

(20,813) 
5,203  

2022 

- 
25% 

2022 
$ 000 

(5,803) 
1,451  

25% 

(25%) 

(5,203) 

(25%) 

(1,451) 

The Group operates across different geographical regions and is required to comply with tax legisla(cid:415)on in various 
jurisdic(cid:415)ons. The determina(cid:415)on of the Group’s tax is based on interpreta(cid:415)ons applied in terms of the respec(cid:415)ve 
tax legisla(cid:415)ons and may be subject to periodic challenges by tax authori(cid:415)es which may give rise to tax exposures. 

26. 

Loss per share 

The calcula(cid:415)on of loss per share is based on the loss a(cid:332)er taxa(cid:415)on a(cid:425)ributable to shareholders, divided by the 
weighted average number of shares in issue during the year: 

2023 
$ 000 

2022 
$ 000 

Net loss attributable to owners of the Company ($ 000) 

(20,375) 

(5,359) 

Weighted average number of Ordinary Shares in calculating basic 
earnings per share (‘000) 

23,538,638 

21,686,502 

Basic loss per share (US cents) 
Diluted loss per share (US cents) 

(0.09) 
(0.09) 

(0.03) 
(0.03) 

Weighted average number of ordinary shares 
Issued ordinary shares at 1 January ('000) 
Weighted average of shares issued during the year ('000) 
Weighted average number of ordinary shares at 31 December ('000) 

22,418,009 
1,120,629 
23,538,638 

19,418,009 
2,268,493 
21,686,502 

The  2022  Net  loss  attributable  to  owners  of  the  Company  has  been  restated  slightly  to  agree  to  the 
statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income, but doesn’t change the loss per share figures, 
due to rounding. 
As the Group incurred a loss for the year, there is no dilutive e(cid:431)ect from share options and warrants in issue 
or the shares issued after the reporting date. 

Potential dilutive effect on earnings per share 

Options issued 
Warrants issued 
Convertible loan notes 
Total potentially dilutive shares 

2023 

2022 

1,151,500 
                           -   
                           -   
1,151,500 

1,327,849 
                           -   
                           -   
1,327,849 

73 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Refer to note 32 Post balance sheet events for addi(cid:415)onal poten(cid:415)ally dilu(cid:415)ve transac(cid:415)ons. 

27. 

Directors’ remunera(cid:415)on 

2023 

Executive Directors 

George Roach 

Non-Executive Directors 
Godfrey Manhambara  
Wolfgang Hampel 
Dr Wei Lou 

2022 

Executive Directors 
George Roach 

Non-Executive Directors 
Godfrey Manhambara 
Wolfgang Hampel 
Neil Herbert  
Dr Wei Lou 

Directors’ fees 

$ 000 

Consultancy 
Fees 
$ 000 

Share Options 

$ 000 

- 

275 

42 
42 
42 
126 

- 

- 
275 

- 

- 

- 
- 

Directors’ fees 

$ 000 

Consultancy 
Fees 
$ 000 

Share Options 

$ 000 

- 

42 
42 
- 
31 
115 

275 

- 

11 
- 
286 

- 

- 

- 
- 
- 

Total 

$ 000 

275 

42 
42 
42 
401 

Total 

$ 000 

275 

42 
42 
11 
31 
401 

The Directors’ fees disclosed in note 23 include nil (2022: nil) being the fees paid to Directors of RHA, who are 
not directors of the parent company.  

28. 

Notes to the statement of cash flows 

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash at bank, bank overdra(cid:332)s and short-term bank deposits with an original 
maturity of three months or less. The carrying value of these assets is approximately equal to their fair value. 

74 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Profit / (Loss) before tax 
Adjustments for: 
Finance charges unpaid 
Foreign exchange variations 
Settlement agreement on Finance lease 
Impairment of Investments and loans receivable 
Share based payments charge 
Depreciation and amortisation 
Operating cash flows before movements in working capital 
(Increase)/decrease in inventories 
(Increase)/decrease in receivables 
Increase/(decrease) in payables 
Net cash (outflow) from operating activities 

Reconciliation of Non-Cash Transactions 
Share Capital  
Shares issued 
Less: Share issue costs 
Less: Settlement of payables 

Finance Charges 
Finance charge expense 
Less: Unwinding of discount on the Provision for rehabilitation 
Less: Interest accrued on loans and other payables 

2023 
$ 000 

2022 
$ 000 

(20,813) 

(5,803) 

5,818 
-  
-  
311 
1,509 
371 
(12,804) 
(925) 
(4,821) 
10,520 
(8,030) 

2023 
$ 000 

18,786 
(1,244) 
-  
17,542 

(5,818) 
-  
-  
(5,818) 

-  
1,342 
-  
1,161 
-  
54 
(3,246) 
(11) 
206 
33,167 
30,116 

2022 
$ 000 

15,782 
(944) 
-  
14,838 

-  
-  
-  
-  

Net debt as at 31 December 2021 
Cash flows 
Foreign exchange adjustments 
Net debt as at 31 December 2022 
Cash flows 
Foreign exchange adjustments 
Net debt as at 31 December 2023 

Cash and 
cash  
equivalents 
£ 

940  
7,345  
1,342  
9,627  
(9,085) 
 - 
542  

Borrowings 
£ 

Total 
debt 
£ 

Net debt 
£ 

(180) 
 - 
 - 
(180) 
 - 
 - 
(180) 

(180) 
 - 
 - 
(180) 
 - 
 - 
(180) 

760  
7,345  
1,342  
9,447  
(9,085) 
 - 
362  

75 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

29. 

Financial Instruments – Fair values and risk management 

The  following  table  shows  the  carrying  amounts  and  fair  values  of  financial  assets  and  financial  liabili(cid:415)es, 
including their levels in the fair value hierarchy. It does not include fair value informa(cid:415)on for financial assets and 
financial liabili(cid:415)es not measured at fair value if the carrying amount is a reasonable approxima(cid:415)on of fair value. 

Trade and other receivables and trade and other payables classified as held-for-sale are not included in the table 
below. As at 31 December 2023 the Group did not have any trade and other receivables nor any trade and other 
payables that were classified as held-for-sale. 

The Group has not disclosed the fair values of financial instruments such as short-term trade receivables and 
payables, because their carrying amounts are a reasonable approxima(cid:415)on of their fair value. 

76 

 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Carrying 
value 

FVOCI - 
equity 
instruments 
$ 000 

Financial 
assets at 
amortised 
cost 
$ 000 

Other 
financial 
liabilities 
$ 000 

31 December 2023 

Note 

Fair value 

Total 
$ 000 

Level 1 

Level 2 

Level 3 

Total 

$ 000 

$ 000 

$ 000 

$ 000 

-   

-   

501  

501  

Financial assets measured at fair value 
FVOCI 

501  
501  

Financial assets not measured at fair value 
Trade and other receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Financial liabilities measured at fair value 

Financial liabilities not measured at fair value 
Bank overdrafts 
Unsecured loans from 
shareholders 
Secured loan 
Trade and other payables 

-   
-   
-   

-   
-   

-   

-   
-   
-   
-   

-   
-   

232  
-   
232  

-   
-   

-   

-   
-   
-   
-   

-   
-   

-   
-   
-   

-   
-   

-   

501  
501  

232  
-   
232  

-   
-   

-   

-   
-   
(50,063) 
(50,063) 

-   
-   
(50,063) 
(50,063) 

77 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Carrying 
value 

FVOCI - 
equity 
instruments 
$ 000 

Financial 
assets at 
amortised 
cost 
$ 000 

Other 
financial 
liabilities 
$ 000 

31 December 2022 

Note 

Fair value 

Total 
$ 000 

Level 1 

Level 2 

Level 3 

Total 

$ 000 

$ 000 

$ 000 

$ 000 

-   

-   

501  

501  

Financial assets measured at fair value 
FVOCI 

501  
501  

Financial assets not measured at fair value 
Trade and other receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Financial liabilities measured at fair value 

Financial liabilities not measured at fair value 
Bank overdrafts 
Unsecured loans from 
shareholders 
Secured loan 
Trade and other payables 

-   
-   
-   

-   
-   

-   

-   
-   
-   
-   

-   
-   

-   
-   
-   

-   
-   

-   

-   
-   
-   
-   

-   
-   

-   
-   
-   

-   
-   

-   

501  
501  

-   
-   
-   

-   
-   

-   

-   
-   
(33,725) 
(33,725) 

-   
-   
(33,725) 
(33,725) 

78 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Financial instruments – Fair values and risk management 

B. 

i. 

Measurement of fair values 

Valua(cid:415)on techniques and significant unobservable inputs 

The following tables show the valua(cid:415)on techniques used in measuring Level 3 fair values for financial instruments 
measured at fair value in the statement of financial posi(cid:415)on, as well as the significant unobservable inputs used. 
Related valua(cid:415)on processes are described in Note 4.8. 

Financial instruments measured at fair value 

Significant unobservable 
inputs 
None 

Inter-rela(cid:415)onship between 
significant unobservable 
inputs and fair value 
measurement 
None 

Type 
Unlisted 
Equity 
investments 

Valua(cid:415)on technique 
Current market value 
technique: 
The valua(cid:415)on model is based 
upon the latest price at which 
the unlisted en(cid:415)ty raised 
capital.  

ii. 

Transfers between Levels 1 and 2 

There were no transfers between Levels 1 and 2 in either the current financial year or in the prior financial year. 

C. 

Financial Risk Management  

The Group has exposure to the following risks arising from financial instruments: 

– 
– 
– 

credit risk; 
liquidity risk; and 
market risk. 

Risk management framework 

The Company’s board of directors has overall responsibility for the establishment and oversight of the Group’s 
risk management framework.  

The Group’s risk management policies are established to iden(cid:415)fy and analyse the risks faced by the Group, to set 
appropriate risk limits and controls and to monitor risks and adherence to limits. Risk   management policies and 
systems are reviewed regularly to reflect changes in market condi(cid:415)ons and the Group’s ac(cid:415)vi(cid:415)es.  

The  Group’s  audit  commi(cid:425)ee  oversees  how  management  monitors  compliance  with  the  Group’s  risk 
management policies and procedures, and reviews the adequacy of the risk management framework in rela(cid:415)on 
to the risks faced by the  Group. The  Group’s audit commi(cid:425)ee undertake ad hoc reviews of risk management 
controls and procedures, the results of which are reported to the audit commi(cid:425)ee. 

Credit risk 

Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Group if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails to 
meet  its  contractual  obliga(cid:415)ons  and  arises  principally  from  the  Group’s  receivables  from  customers  and 
investments in debt securi(cid:415)es. 

The carrying amounts of financial assets represent the maximum credit exposure. 

In the current year there was no impairment loss, nor 2022, for unrecoverable sundry debtors.  

79 

 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Trade receivables 

The  Group’s  exposure  to  credit  risk  is  influenced  mainly  by  the  individual  characteris(cid:415)cs  of  each  customer. 
However,  management  also  considers  the  factors  that  may  influence  the  credit  risk  of  its  customer  base, 
including the default risk associated  with the industry and country in  which its customers operate. Details of 
concentra(cid:415)on of revenue are included in Note 21. 

The  Group  has  established  a  credit  policy  under  which  each  new  customer  is  analysed  individually  for 
creditworthiness before the Group’s standard payment terms and condi(cid:415)ons are offered. The Group’s review 
includes  external  ra(cid:415)ngs,  if  they  are  available,  financial  statements,  credit  agency  informa(cid:415)on,  industry 
informa(cid:415)on and in some cases bank references. Sales limits are established for each customer and are reviewed 
regularly. 

The Group limits its exposure to credit risk from trade receivables by establishing a maximum payment period of 
one month.  

The Group is monitoring the economic environment in Zimbabwe, where its explora(cid:415)on and mining opera(cid:415)ons 
are based. 

The Group does not require collateral in respect of trade and other receivables. The Group does not have trade 
receivables for which a no allowance is recognised because of collateral. 

The exposure to credit risk for trade receivables 
by geographic region was as follows: 

Zimbabwe 
Other 

The exposure to credit risk for trade receivables 
by counterparty was as follows: 

Zimbabwe Revenue Authority 
Other 

The exposure to credit risk for trade receivables 
by credit rating was as follows: 

External credit ratings 
Other  

2023 
$ 000 

2022 
$ 000 

1,354  
3,647  
5,001  

1,094  
3,907  
5,001  

-   
5,001  
5,001  

3  
52  
55  

3  
52  
55  

-   
55  
55  

Expected credit loss assessment for corporate customers as at 31 December 2023 and 31 December 2022 

The Group allocates each exposure to a credit risk grade based on data that is determined to be predic(cid:415)ve of the 
risk of loss (including but not limited  to external ra(cid:415)ngs, audited financial statements, management accounts 
and cash flow projec(cid:415)ons  and available  press  informa(cid:415)on about  customers) and applying experienced  credit 
judgement. Credit risk grades are defined using qualita(cid:415)ve and quan(cid:415)ta(cid:415)ve factors that are indica(cid:415)ve of the risk 
of default. 

The Company had no exposure to credit risk for the year ended 31 December 2023 (2022 - nil)  

80 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Movements in the allowance for impairment in respect of trade receivables 

The movement in the allowance for impairment in respect of trade receivables during the year amounted to nil 
(2022 – nil). 

Cash and cash equivalents 

As at 31 December 2023, the Group held $0.542 million cash and cash equivalents (2022: $9.627 million). The 
cash and cash equivalents are held with bank and financial ins(cid:415)tu(cid:415)on counterpar(cid:415)es which are rated BB to BAA 
(according to Standard and Poor’s). 

Impairment on cash and cash equivalents has been measured on a 12-month expected loss basis and reflects 
the short maturi(cid:415)es of the exposures. The Group considers that its cash and cash equivalents have low credit 
risk based on the external credit ra(cid:415)ngs of the counterpar(cid:415)es. On the implementa(cid:415)on of IFRS 9 the Group did 
not impair any of its cash and cash equivalents. 

Liquidity risk 

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group will encounter difficulty in mee(cid:415)ng the obliga(cid:415)ons associated with  its 
financial  liabili(cid:415)es  that  are  se(cid:425)led  by  delivering  cash  or  another  financial  asset.  The  Group’s  approach  to 
managing liquidity is to ensure, as far as possible, that it will have sufficient liquidity to meet its liabili(cid:415)es when 
they  are  due,  under  both  normal  and  stressed  condi(cid:415)ons,  without  incurring  unacceptable  losses  or  risking 
damage to the Group’s reputa(cid:415)on. 

Exposure to liquidity risk 

The following table presents  the remaining contractual maturi(cid:415)es of financial liabili(cid:415)es at  the repor(cid:415)ng date. 
The amounts are gross and undiscounted and include contractual interest payments and exclude the impact of 
ne(cid:427)ng agreements. 

31 December 2023 

Non- derivative financial 
liabilities 

Bank overdrafts 
Unsecured shareholder's 
loan 
Unsecured loans 
Secured loans 
Trade payables 

Derivative financial 
liabilities 

Contractual cash 
flows 

Carrying 
value 
$ 000 

Total 
$ 000 

2 
Months 
or less 
$ 000 

2 to 12 
Months 
$ 000 

1 to 2 
Years 
$ 000 

2 to 5 
Years 
$ 000 

More 
than 5 
years 
$ 000 

-   

-   

-   

-   
-   
-   
(50,063) 
(50,063) 

-   
-   
-   
(50,063) 
(50,063) 

-   
-   
-   
(50,063) 
(50,063) 

-   
-   
-   

-   
-   
-   

-   
-   
-   

-   

-   
-   
-   
-   
-   

-   
-   
-   

-   

-   
-   
-   
-   
-   

-   
-   
-   

-   

-   
-   
-   
-   
-   

-   
-   
-   

-   

-   
-   
-   
-   
-   

-   
-   
-   

Contractual cash 
flows 

81 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

31 December 2022 

Non- derivative financial 
liabilities 

Bank overdrafts 
Unsecured shareholder's 
loan 
Unsecured loans 
Secured loans 
Trade payables 

Derivative financial 
liabilities 

Carrying 
value 
$ 000 

Total 
$ 000 

2 
Months 
or less 
$ 000 

2 to 12 
Months 
$ 000 

1 to 2 
Years 
$ 000 

2 to 5 
Years 
$ 000 

More 
than 5 
years 
$ 000 

-   

-   

-   

-   
-   
-   
(33,725) 
(33,725) 

-   
-   
-   
(33,725) 
(33,725) 

-   
-   
-   
(33,725) 
(33,725) 

-   
-   
-   

-   
-   
-   

-   
-   
-   

-   

-   
-   
-   
-   
-   

-   
-   
-   

-   

-   
-   
-   
-   
-   

-   
-   
-   

-   

-   
-   
-   
-   
-   

-   
-   
-   

-   

-   
-   
-   
-   
-   

-   
-   
-   

The interest payments on the financial liabili(cid:415)es represent the fixed interest rates as per the respec(cid:415)ve contracts.  

The  Group  aims  to  maintain  the  level  of  its  cash  and  cash  equivalents  and  other  highly  marketable  debt 
investments at an amount in excess of expected cash ou(cid:414)lows on financial liabili(cid:415)es other than trade payables. 
The  Group  also  monitors  the  level  of  expected  cash  inflows  on  trade  and  other  receivables  together  with 
expected cash ou(cid:414)lows on trade and other payables. 

Market risk 

Market risk is the risk that changes in market prices – such as foreign exchange rates, interest rates and equity 
prices  –  will  affect  the  Group’s  income  or  the  value  of  its  holdings  of  financial  instruments.  The  objec(cid:415)ve  of 
market risk management is to manage and control market risk exposures within acceptable parameters, while 
op(cid:415)mising the return. 

Currency risk 

The Group is exposed to transac(cid:415)onal foreign currency risk to the extent that there is a mismatch between the 
currencies in which sales, purchases, receivables and borrowings are denominated and the respec(cid:415)ve func(cid:415)onal 
currencies of Group companies. The func(cid:415)onal currencies of Group companies are primarily Pound Sterling and 
the  US  Dollar.  The  Zimbabwean  trading  companies  func(cid:415)onal  currency  is  USD  (2022:  RTGS).  The  func(cid:415)onal 
currency of the Zimbabwean en(cid:415)(cid:415)es was changed to USD as the majority of transac(cid:415)ons are done in USD. The 
currencies in which these transac(cid:415)ons are primarily denominated are Euro, US Dollar, South African Rand, RTGS 
and Pound Sterling.  

The  Company  conducts  its  business  in  Zimbabwe  with  a  significant  por(cid:415)on  of  expenditures  in  that  country 
currently and historically denominated in USD and now also in RTGS. The introduc(cid:415)on of the RTGS$ during the 
2019 financial year has resulted in the devalua(cid:415)on of the RTGS$ against the US Dollar. This devalua(cid:415)on has also 
resulted in the Zimbabwean economy going into hyperinfla(cid:415)onary status. As a means of neutralising the effects 
of repor(cid:415)ng in RTGS, with effect of 1 January 2023 all Zimbabwean companies in the group present and report 
in  USD.  The  decision  for  this  change  was  primarily  due  to  the  majority  transac(cid:415)ons  in  Zimbabwe  are  s(cid:415)ll 
denominated in USD.  

All transac(cid:415)ons are subject to spot rates and with no hedging transac(cid:415)ons taking place. 

82 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

  31 December 2023 
GBP 
EUR 

USD 

'000 

'000 

  '000 

ZAR  RTGS 
  '000 
000 

  '000 

  31 December 2022 
GBP 
EUR 

USD 

ZAR 

'000 

'000 

  '000 

  '000 

RTGS 
  '000 
000 

-   
186  
-   
-   
-    (461) 

-   
-   
(5,627) 

-   
-   
(9,448) 

-   
-   
-   

-   
-   
(13) 

-   
-   
(28) 

-   
-   
(15) 

-   
-   
(523) 

-   
-   
(231) 

186  

(461) 

(5,627) 

(9,448) 

-   

(13) 

(28) 

(15) 

(523) 

(231) 

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

(26) 

(437) 

(12,485) 

(15,627) 

-    (129) 

(596) 

(7,029) 

(23,997) 

(4,883) 

(26) 

(437) 

(12,485) 

(15,627) 

-    (129) 

(596) 

(7,029) 

(23,997) 

(4,883) 

Trade receivables 
Unsecured loans 
Trade payables 
Net statement of 
financial position 
exposure 

Next 6 months 
forecast  
sales 
Next 6 months 
forecast purchases 
Net forecast 
transaction 
exposure 

Net exposure 

160  

(898) 

(18,112) 

(25,075) 

-    (142) 

(624) 

(7,044) 

(24,520) 

(5,114) 

The summary quan(cid:415)ta(cid:415)ve data about the Group’s exposure to currency risk as reported to the management of 
the Group is as follows: 

The following significant exchange rates in rela(cid:415)on to the repor(cid:415)ng currency are applicable: 

Euro 
GBP 
ZAR 
RTGS 

Average rate for the year 

 Year end spot rate  

2023 

2022 

2023 

2022 

1.0816 
1.2466 
0.05412 
3692.126 

1.0540 
1.2355 
0.0589 
399.859 

1.1055 
1.2622 
0.05461 
6112.78 

1.0702 
1.2097 
0.0591 
684.334 

The carrying amounts of the Group’s foreign currency denominated monetary assets and monetary liabili(cid:415)es at 
the repor(cid:415)ng date are as follows: 

Sterling (£) 
Euro (€) 
South African Rand (ZAR) 
Real Time Gross Settlement 
of USD (RTGS)  

     Liabilities 

              Assets     

2023 
 ‘000 

461  
-   
9,448  

-   

2022 
 ‘000 

28 
13 
523 

231 

2023 
 ‘000 

-   
186  
-   

-   

2022 
 ‘000 

-   
-   
-   

-   

The presenta(cid:415)on currency of the Group is US dollars. 

83 

 
 
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

The Group is exposed primarily to movements in USD for trade, RTGS for the Zimbabwean companies and GBP 
for all fund raising ac(cid:415)vi(cid:415)es.   

Sensi(cid:415)vity analysis 

Financial instruments affected by foreign currency risk include financial investments (see note 9) cash and cash 
equivalents, other receivables, trade and other payables and conver(cid:415)ble loan notes. The following analysis is 
intended  to  illustrate  the  sensi(cid:415)vity  of  the  Group’s  financial  instruments  (at  year  end)  to  changes  in  market 
variables, being exchange rates. 

The following assump(cid:415)ons were made in calcula(cid:415)ng the sensi(cid:415)vity analysis: 

All income statement sensi(cid:415)vi(cid:415)es also impact equity. 

Transla(cid:415)on of foreign subsidiaries and opera(cid:415)ons into the Group’s presenta(cid:415)on currency have been excluded 
from this sensi(cid:415)vity as they have no monetary effect on the results. 

Income Statement / Equity 

Exchange rates: 

+10% $ Sterling (GBP) 

-10% $ Sterling (GBP) 

+10% $ RTGS 

-10% $ RTGS 

2023 

$ 000 

(42) 

42  

(0) 

0  

2022 

$ 000 

(3) 

3  

(23) 

23  

The above sensi(cid:415)vi(cid:415)es are calculated with reference to a single moment in (cid:415)me and will change due to a number 
of factors including: 

• 
• 
• 

Fluctua(cid:415)ng other receivable and trade payable balances 
Fluctua(cid:415)ng cash balances 
Changes in currency mix 

Interest rate risk 

The Group has entered into fixed rate agreements for its finance leases and shareholders loans. The Group does 
not hedge its interest rate exposure by entering into variable interest rate swaps.  

Exposure to interest rate risk 

The interest rate profile of the Group’s interest-bearing financial instruments as reported to the management of 
the Group is as per the table below. 

Fixed rate instruments 
Financial assets 
Financial liabili(cid:415)es 

Fair value sensi(cid:415)vity analysis for fixed-rate instruments 

84 

2023 
$ 000 

2022 
$ 000 

-   
-   
-   

-   
-   
-   

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

The Group does not account for any fixed-rate financial assets of financial liabili(cid:415)es at FVTPL. Therefore, a change 
in interest rates at the repor(cid:415)ng date would not affect profit or loss. 

Other market price risk 

The Group is exposed to equity price risk, which arises from equity securi(cid:415)es at FVOCI are held as a long-term 
investment. 

The Group’s investments in equity securi(cid:415)es comprise small shareholdings in unlisted companies. The shares are 
not readily tradable and any mone(cid:415)sa(cid:415)on of the shares is dependent on finding a willing buyer. 

Valua(cid:415)on techniques and assump(cid:415)ons applied for the purposes of measuring fair value 

Due  to  the  short  term  nature, the fair  value of  cash  and  receivables and liabili(cid:415)es  approximates  the  carrying 
values disclosed in the financial statements.  

Due  to  the  short  term  nature, the fair  value of  cash  and  receivables and liabili(cid:415)es  approximates  the  carrying 
values disclosed in the financial statements.  

The fair value of financial assets is es(cid:415)mated by using other readily available informa(cid:415)on. As the Vortex  (formerly 
Circum)  and  MNH  shares  are  in  privately  held  explora(cid:415)on  companies,  the  fair  values  were  es(cid:415)mated  using 
observable placing prices where available.  

Vortex and MNH are unlisted and there are no quoted market prices. The fair value of the Vortex shares was 
derived using the previous issue price and valida(cid:415)ng it against the most recent placing price on 30 December 
2022. The fair value of MNH shares was derived from the latest financial informa(cid:415)on and was fully impaired. 

Capital management 

The Group manages its capital resources to ensure that en(cid:415)(cid:415)es in the Group will be able to con(cid:415)nue as a going 
concern, while maximising shareholder return.  

The capital structure of the Group consists of equity a(cid:425)ributable to shareholders, comprising issued share capital 
and reserves. The availability of new capital will depend on many factors including a posi(cid:415)ve mineral explora(cid:415)on 
environment, posi(cid:415)ve stock market condi(cid:415)ons, the Group’s track record, and the experience of management. 
There are no externally imposed capital requirements.  The Directors are confident that adequate cash resources 
exist or will be made available to finance opera(cid:415)ons but controls over expenditure are carefully managed.   

30. 

Subsidiaries  

Premier had investments in  the following subsidiary undertakings as at 31 December 2023, which principally 
affected the losses and net assets of the Group: 

30.1  Subsidiaries held during the year 

85 

 
 
 
Country of 
incorpora(cid:415)on and 
opera(cid:415)on 

Propor(cid:415)on of vo(cid:415)ng 

interest % 

Ac(cid:415)vity 

2023             2022    

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Name 

Zulu Lithium Mauri(cid:415)us Holdings Limited 

RHA Tungsten Mauri(cid:415)us Limited 

Kavira Minerals Holdings Limited 

Tinde Fluorspar Holdings Limited 

Lubimbi Minerals Holdings Limited 

Gwaaii River Minerals Limited 

Zulu Lithium (Private) Limited 

RHA Tungsten (Private) Limited 

Katete Mining (Private) Limited 

Tinde Fluorspar (Private) Limited 

LM Minerals (Private) Limited 

BM Mining & Explora(cid:415)on (Private) Limited 

Licomex (Pty) Ltd 

Li3 Mozambique (Pty) Ltd 

Mauri(cid:415)us 

Mauri(cid:415)us 

Mauri(cid:415)us 

Mauri(cid:415)us 

Mauri(cid:415)us 

Mauri(cid:415)us 

Zimbabwe 

Zimbabwe 

Zimbabwe 

Zimbabwe 

Zimbabwe 

Zimbabwe 

Zimbabwe 

Australia 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

49* 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

    49* 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

Holding Company 

Holding Company 

Holding Company 

Holding Company 

Holding Company 

Holding Company 

Explora(cid:415)on 

Care and 
maintenance 

Explora(cid:415)on 

Explora(cid:415)on 

Explora(cid:415)on 

Explora(cid:415)on 

Explora(cid:415)on 

Holding 
Companies 

Holding 
Companies 

Holding 
Companies 

Li3B Mozambique (Pty) Ltd 

Australia 

100 

Li3C Mozambique (Pty) Ltd 

Australia 

100 

Lithium B S.A. 

Premier African Minerals (South Africa) 
(Pty) Ltd 

Mozambique 

South Africa 

100 

100 

100 

Explora(cid:415)on 

100% 

Procurement 
assistance 

* Accounted as a controlled subsidiary, refer note 4 - Significant accoun(cid:415)ng policies, es(cid:415)mates and assump(cid:415)ons 
and note 4.7 - Basis of consolida(cid:415)on. 

30.2  Acquisi(cid:415)on of subsidiaries 

During the year ended 31 December 2023 the Group did not acquire any companies. 

31. 

Related party transac(cid:415)ons 

Ul(cid:415)mate controlling party  

There is no single ul(cid:415)mate controlling party. 

Transac(cid:415)ons with key management personnel 

Borrowings 

During the 2021 financial year, Neil Herbert advanced $0.180 million to Premier African Minerals to facilitate an 
addi(cid:415)onal loan to MN Holdings. At 31 December 2023 the loan was s(cid:415)ll owing. 

86 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Remunera(cid:415)on of key management personnel 

The remunera(cid:415)on of the Directors and other key management personnel of the Group are set out below for each 
of the categories specified in IAS 24 Related Party Disclosures. 

Staff costs 
Consulting and advisory fees 
Directors' fees 

32. 

Events a(cid:332)er the repor(cid:415)ng date  

32.1 

Corporate ma(cid:425)ers 

2023 
$ 000 

- 
1,210 
126 

1,336 

2022 
$ 000 

53 
286 
116 

455 

In  accordance  with  the  terms  of  Restated  and  Amended  O(cid:335)ake  and  Prepayment  Agreement  ("Agreement") 
entered between Premier and Canmax the interest rate for the outstanding balance of the prepayment amount 
was increased to 12% per annum with effect from the 1 December 2023. 

In February 2024, Premier concluded a direct equity raise of £2.475 million before expenses at an issue price of 
0.275 pence per new ordinary share for the Zulu Lithium and Tantalum Project. 

On 11 April 2024, Premier concluded a direct equity raise of £2.060 million before expenses at an issue price of 
0.17  pence  per  new  ordinary  share  for  the  Zulu  Lithium  and  Tantalum  Project.  Following  strong  ins(cid:415)tu(cid:415)onal 
interest following this raise, Premier concluded an addi(cid:415)on raise two days later by way of a direct equity raise of 
£1  million  before  expenses  at  an  issue  price  of  0.17  pence  per  new  ordinary  share  for  the  Zulu  Lithium  and 
Tantalum Project 

In May 2024, Premier concluded a direct equity raise of £1.250 million before expenses at an issue price of 0.16 
pence per new ordinary share for the Zulu Lithium and Tantalum Project. 

In  May 2024, Premier  concluded a  se(cid:425)lement  of  contractor invoices amoun(cid:415)ng  to  £1.57  million through  the 
issue of 983,500,000 shares at an issue price of 0.16 pence per new ordinary share. 

33 

Ul(cid:415)mate Controlling Company 

There is no single ul(cid:415)mate controlling company for Premier. 

87 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

[PLACEHOLDER FOR PHOTO] 

88