Company Registration No. 03926192
Quantum Blockchain
Technologies PLC (Formerly
Clear Leisure PLC)
Annual Report and Financial
Statements for the year ended
31 December 2020
Contents
Company Information
Chairman’s statement
Director profiles
Strategic report
Directors’ report
Independent auditor’s report to the members of Quantum Blockchain Technologies Plc
Group income statement and statement of comprehensive income
Group and Company statements of financial position
Group statement of changes in equity
Company statement of changes in equity
Group and Company statements of cash flows
Notes to the financial statements
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5
6
12
22
33
34
35
36
37
38
COMPANY INFORMATION
Directors
Company Secretary
Company number
Registered office
Auditor
Italian Solicitors
UK Solicitors
Nominated Adviser & Broker
Registrar
Reginald Eccles
Francesco Gardin
James Gordon
03926192 (England and Wales)
22 Great James Street
London
WC1N 3ES
MHA Macintyre Hudson
Statutory Auditor
Chartered Accountants
2 London Wall Place
Barbican
London
EC2Y 5AU
Ferrari Pedeferri Boni
Studio Legale Associato
Via Fatebenefratelli, 22
20121
Milan
Italy
Gordons Partnership LLP
22 Great James Street
London
WC1N 3ES
SP Angel Corporate Finance LLP
Prince Frederick House
35 Maddox Street
London
W1S 2PP
Share Registrars Ltd
The Courtyard
17 West Street
Farnham
GU9 7DR
CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT
I am pleased to present the Group’s Final Results for the year ended 31 December 2020.
Following the shareholder approval at the General Meeting held by the Company on 6 May 2021, the Company
has changed its name from Clear Leisure Plc to Quantum Blockchain Technologies Plc. Although this report is
dedicated, in the main, to the 2020 financial year, which is prior to the change of name, the Company will be
referred to as Quantum Blockchain Technologies Plc (the “Company” or “QBT”).
Operational Review
2020 was an extremely challenging year during which the Company and the Group had to contend with the
business consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic.
In this difficult economic environment, the focus of the board was to preserve the stability of the Company, its
investee companies, and its litigation related assets, whilst continuing to explore for new potential investments
and projects.
Without doubt, the single most important event of 2020 was the successful conclusion, in June, of the Mediapolis
bankruptcy process, for which the wholly owned subsidiary, Clear Leisure 2017 (“CL17”), settled with the receiver
for €1,663,000, of which €1,480,933, was received during the year. The balance of €182,067 is due at the closure
of the bankruptcy process. Additionally, the receiver awarded CL17 a claim against former Mediapolis directors
and members of its internal audit committee, previously valued by the receiver at above €20m. The Company
has paid €50,000 to enter this claim, the payment will be deducted from any amount received under the claim.
The Group’s other litigation assets (held by CL17) have moved further along the determination process. In
respect of the Sosushi Srl (“Sosushi”) legal claim (valued up to €1.03m), the Bologna Court has elected to continue
the case through an arbitration process, which is expected to be concluded within the end of 2021. The action
for liability against former management and internal audit committee (valued at €10.8m by the Company, and
later in 2021 confirmed by the Court appointed independent expert up to a value of €7.8m) undertaken by Sipiem
in Liquidazione SpA (“Sipiem”) is also gradually drawing to close.
The Company maintains a positive outlook for the realisation of these assets, and they have been valued in the
accounts at a fair value of €4.4 million.
With regard to its technology assets, the Company’s focus has been to assist investee companies in the
development of their strategy and sustain the value of the initial investment.
As announced on 28 January 2020, PBV Monitor Srl (“PBV”) successfully completed a €300,000 fund raise from
an Italian investment company. The transaction effectively valued PBV at €3m (post-money). The Company has
retained its 10% shareholding in PBV. Despite Covid-19 delaying the company’s strategy by a few months, PBV
continued to develop its roadmap, expanding its legal directory services and commercial partnerships. In October
2020 it launched its “Market Intelligence Service” which is receiving encouraging early results.
QBT supported ForCrowd Srl, (“ForCrowd”) the Italian crowdfunding platform, in its early stages, leading to the
launch of its first crowdfunding campaign in May 2020, followed by a second one in July. Due to the difficult
economic situation in Italy, the two campaigns were not successfully completed. However, continuing into 2021,
a few interesting crowdfunding projects, remain in the company’s pipeline. QBT is working to increase interest
in these projects by exploiting the synergies in its portfolio with those of ForCrowd and its clients.
Geosim Systems Ltd (“Geosim”), the Israeli 3D virtual mapping company, delivered, in the first half of 2020, the
Digital Twin model of one of the largest international airports in Asia. In the second half of the year, Geosim
focused on obtaining new contracts in North America, which led to the finalisation of an important contract with
a major airport in early 2021.
As announced in August 2020, QBT engaged Sapphire Capital Partners LLP, an FCA approved and regulated
investment management partner, to act as the Investment Manager for the proposed launch of an Enterprise
Investment Scheme fund (“EIS fund”) in which the Company intends to operate as Investment Advisor.
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CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT (continued)
Another important event was the renegotiation of all Eufingest SA (“Eufingest”) loans in November 2020,
converting them into a Zero-Coupon Bond (“2020 Zero Coupon Bond”), convertible at 1p per new ordinary share
of 0.25 pence each in the Company (“Ordinary Shares”) and carrying an implied yield to maturity of 1% and, as
such, lowering its cost of capital.
Subsequent to the year end, the Company also changed its investment strategy, with a focus on Quantum
Computing, Blockchain, Cryptocurrencies and Artificial Intelligence sectors. In conjunction with this, QBT
commenced a research and development (“R&D”) and investment programme. The Company’s R&D is focused
on Cryptography; bringing together the most advanced implementation techniques and functions, along with
quantum computing technologies and AI deep learning, to develop a new and disruptive approach to blockchain
technology. The investment programme is focused on selecting the most innovative and out-of-the-box start-
ups in the Blockchain and cryptocurrency sector.
Financial Review
The group reported a total comprehensive loss of €1.2m for the year ended 31 December 2020: (2019 restated:
€0.6m loss). Operating losses for the period were €1,087,000 (2019 restated: €1,384,000 loss). The undiluted
Net Asset Value (“NAV”) of the Group as of 31 December 2020 was -€2.4m (2019 restated: -€1.6m). The Group
had Net Current Assets of €4.9m million as at 31 December 2020, an improvement of €2.5m since last year (2019
restated: €2.4 million).
The comparative 2019 values have been restated, to correctly represent the equity and derivative components
of the Company’s Bonds. For further details please see Note 25 in the Notes to the Financial Statements section.
Portfolio Companies
As at 31 December 2020, the Group comprised of a diverse portfolio of companies in several growth sectors;
primarily leisure and technology. The portfolio included (percentage of equity held is shown in parenthesis):
PBV Monitor Srl (pbvmonitor.com) (10%): PBV Monitor is an Italian company specialising in the acquisition and
dissemination of data for the legal services industry, utilising proprietary market intelligence tools and dedicated
search software. In 2020 PBV launched its market intelligence service – “PBV Intelligence”, whilst also
establishing new commercial partnerships.
Sipiem SpA (50.17%): is a minority shareholder in T.L.T. SaS and owns a number of real estate assets in Italy,
including a minority stake in the Ondaland Waterpark. It has issued a claim for €10.8m against the previous
management team and audit committee. In 2019, the claim was acquired by CL17.
As announced in May 2021 the court-appointed independent expert confirmed the economic merit of the claim
for €7.8m. The next procedural steps are as follow:
-
-
The judge will schedule a further hearing to comment the independent expert valuation.
Following this hearing, each party’s lawyers will have 80 days (“Conclusive Briefs Period”) to file their
conclusive briefs to the Judge.
The judge’s ruling is then expected within 60 days following the conclusion of the Conclusive Briefs Period.
-
GeoSim Systems Ltd (“Geosim”) (geosimcities.com) (4.53%): is an Israel based company that develops 3D
modelling software. At the beginning of 2020, Geosim has delivered on its project in Asia to build a Digital Twin
model of an international airport despite the inevitable delays due to Covid-19. In 2021, Geosim is working at
the completion of a first Phase in the development of a similar 3D Reality Model for a major North American
airport.
Mediapolis Srl (84.04%): Currently in bankruptcy procedure. In June 2020, CL17 reached a settlement agreement
with the Mediapolis Receiver to the amount of €1,663,000 payable to CL17. CL17 received €1,480,933 in August
2020, with final balance of €182,067 (less €50,000 used to purchase a legal claim against former director and
internal audit team) payable at the end. Once the final payment is received, CL17 will have no further claim
against Mediapolis. This represents a very important milestone in the Company’s life, bringing a successful
conclusion to a very complicated issue inherited from the previous management of the Company.
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CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT (continued)
Portfolio Companies (continued)
Clear Leisure 2017 Ltd (100%): CL17 holds the remaining rights on the auction proceeds, amounting to €182,067
(less €50,000 used to purchase a legal claim against former director and internal audit team) with €1,480,933
already paid in August 2020. The legal claim had been originally valued by Mediapolis receiver above €20 million.
Furthermore, CL17 is the holder of other potentially important assets: the €10.8m action for liability against
Sipiem’s previous management and audit committee (in 2021 the economic merit has been confirmed for a value
up to €7.8m by a Court appointed independent expert) and the €1.03m action for liability against Sosushi’s
previous management.
ForCrowd Srl (ForCrowd.com) (20%): During 2020, despite the Covid-19 pandemic, ForCrowd started its first
campaigns (“B4TECH” and “Meta Wellness Srl”), as reported above. The investment in ForCrowd is part of a
strategy of the Company allowing other portfolio companies to have an easy access to the crowdfunding
resources whilst entitling QBT to potential revenue streams (1% of funds received by investors on projects
introduced and 3% on funds introduced). In 2021, the Company increased its stake in ForCrowd, moving from
20% to 41.17% for a consideration of €34,000, whilst ForCrowd launched a new crowdfunding campaign.
Miner One Limited (100%): Subsequently the change of Company’s name and investment strategy, Miner One
will become the vehicle through which QBT will carry out its crypto-mining operations. The container containing
the datacentre together with the mining machines are still located in Serbia. It remains on care and maintenance
as machines ought to be updated.
Post-Balance Sheet Events
At the start of the year the Company was notified that the Bologna Court elected to continue CL17 €1.03 million
legal claim against the previous management of Sosushi through an arbitration process, which will provide a
legally binding decision on the matter. The arbitration process formally started on 18th January 2021.
In the same period, CL17 (at the conclusion of the mandatory public bidding process), was assigned a legal claim
against Mediapolis former management and internal audit committee, for a consideration of €50,000 to be
deducted from the amount still receivable from the Mediapolis Bankruptcy procedure.
In relation to Sipiem’s legal claim, in May, the Court appointed independent expert filed his report on the
economic merit of the damages suffered by Sipiem at an amount of up to €7.8 million, subject to the Judge ruling
that the conduct of Sipiem’s former board and internal audit committee was unlawful. Furthermore, as one of
the defendants has sadly passed away, CL17 was required to take a few additional mandatory procedural steps
that have slightly delayed the proceedings. The Court of Venice has then scheduled the hearing for 10 November
2021 during which the Judge will receive the parties’ comments on the report of the independent expert.
In February, via two separate equity placings, the Company raised £680,000 and £1,000,000 (both amounts
before expenses), to sustain the Company’s running costs and specifically to launch a new Investment Strategy
focused on R&D about Blockchain, Cryptocurrency and Quantum computing.
On 14 April 2021, the Company issued a Notice of General Meeting to seek approval to:
• Amend the Company’s Investing Policy to be focused on Blockchain, Cryptocurrency, Quantum
Computing and AI.
Change the Company’s name from Clear Leisure to Quantum Blockchain Technologies plc.
•
• Authorise the granting of options to the CEO and current and future management team of the Company.
• Grant authorities to the directors to issue shares in the Company.
At the General Meeting shareholders voted to approve the above and therefore the Company changed its name
to Quantum Blockchain Technologies plc.
On this note, in June 2021, the Company announced the launch and progress of the in-house R&D programme
in respect of advanced proprietary techniques for Bitcoin mining. The Company entered into a one-year service
agreement with a UK based international cryptography expert whose specialism is cryptocurrency mining
blockchain optimisations.
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CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT (continued)
Post-Balance Sheet Events (continued)
The aim of this work is to improve the efficiency of Bitcoin mining, targeting a material reduction in energy usage
and faster hash processing, which will increase the probability of successful mining.
As part of the one-year service agreement, the consultant has been awarded share options over 10,000,000 new
ordinary shares of 0.25 pence each in the Company at an exercise price of 5p each, which can be exercised
between 15 February 2022 and 15 August 2022.
Outlook
The Board remains committed to return value to its stakeholders by:
•
Positioning the Company in the Quantum Computing, Blockchain and Cryptocurrency sectors, both via
the investment activity and in-house R&D projects.
• Realisation of the legacy assets, for which positive outcomes are expected from claims of the Company.
•
Further reduction of the debt position (if and when the conditions are deemed appropriate).
The Board maintains a positive outlook with the Company’s new investment strategy focused on Quantum
Computing, Blockchain and Cryptocurrency now in place in combination with its existing technology investments
and remaining legal claims which the Company believes are drawing towards a positive conclusion.
Francesco Gardin
Director
24 June 2021
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DIRECTORS PROFILES
Francesco Gardin
Chief Executive Officer & Chairman
Francesco Gardin, 66, born in Rovigo, Italy, graduated in Theoretical Physics at Padova University in 1979, before
undertaking a UK Government research project at Exeter University (UK) from 1980 to 1982. In 1983, Francesco
founded AISoftw@re SpA to develop and distribute Artificial Intelligence systems within Italy, which he took
public on NASDAQ Europe in 1999 and the Milan Stock Exchange in 2000. He sold the company in 2005 but
agreed to remain as non-executive Chairman until March 2008. When he left, the company employed more than
1,400 people and had revenues in excess of £70m. In December 2008, he was appointed executive Director of
London Asia Capital plc, a UK company investing in Asia, he resigned in July 2013. In October 2013 he was
appointed to the board of Pan European Terminals PLC, listed on AIM of the London Stock Exchange. He resigned
in July 2014 following the sale of the company. In December 2014, he co-founded First IPO Capital Ltd, a UK
company aiming at financing IPO costs to companies listing on the London AIM market. During the last twenty
years, he has been Director of almost fifty companies in Italy, UK, USA, Israel, Hong Kong, China, Singapore,
Mauritius and Jersey. From 1984 to 2014, he was Research Associate Professor at Udine, Milano and Siena
University lecturing Artificial Intelligence, Theory and Application of Computation, and Virtual Reality. His
academic papers include more than 50 individual and joint publications and three books on the subject of
Artificial Intelligence as editor.
Reginald Eccles
Non-executive Director
Reginald George Eccles, 75, has sat on the boards of a number of public and private companies over the past
four decades, including, most recently, Toledo Mining Corporation plc where he acted as Chairman and Pan
European Terminals plc as Senior Independent Director. He began his career as a business and financial analyst,
working in both the UK and South Africa. In 1979, he co-founded a consultancy and publishing company, with
offices in the UK and Australia, which was sold in 1988. Subsequently, he held senior positions at a number of
investment banks including establishing a global network of mining analysts and sale staff to support the ABN
AMRO and Rothschild Bank joint venture.
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STRATEGIC REPORT
The Directors present their Strategic Report on Quantum Blockchain Technologies plc and its subsidiary
undertakings (“the Group”) for the year ended 31 December2020.
Review of the business and developments during the year
During 2020 the Company continued pursuing ownership of those legacy assets which remain subject to legal
action.
•
•
In June 2020, CL17 reached an agreement with the Mediapolis Receiver regarding the transfer of the
Mediapolis sales proceeds. Under the terms of the agreement, an amount of €1,663,000 is payable to
CL17. As part of the agreement, CL17 proposed to buy, for €50,000, Mediapolis’s rights to a potential
claim against former Mediapolis directors and members of its internal audit committee. The exact
amount of the claim is yet to be determined. However, the receiver originally valued the claim above
€20m. Additionally, under Italian bankruptcy law, 20% of the auction proceeds must be kept in escrow
by the Receiver until the closing of the bankruptcy process. The first payment to CL17, paid in August
2020, was €1,480,933. The second and final payment of €182,067 (minus €50,000 for the purchase of
the claim), will be made to CL17 at the end of the bankruptcy procedure.
In February 2020, the first hearing in respect of the legal action against the former directors of Sipiem
SpA was held in the Venice Court. Legal representatives of all parties involved in the claim appeared in
court, including the legal representatives of two insurance companies which have provided professional
indemnity cover to the majority of the eight defendants. The insurance documents seen by the Directors
indicate that, for this specific case, the professional insurance cover is €1,000,000 per year, per
insurance company. Therefore, €2,000,000 per year of cover has been provided. Subsequently, in
October 2020, the presiding Judge appointed an independent expert to assess the value of the damages
claimed by Sipiem. Each party also appointed their own experts to help and control the process.
With regard to the Technology Portfolio and Investment activity:
•
•
In January 2020, PBV Monitor received an investment of €300,000 from an Italian investment company,
comprising an investment of €150,000 in PBV equity and a €150,000 subscription for a PBV 18-month
convertible loan note with annual interest rate of 10%. Should the loan note be converted into PBV
shares at the end of the 18-month term it will be on the same valuation as the investment in PBV equity.
To maintain its holding in PBV at 10%, CL17 subscribed to €15,000 in PBV equity and €15,000 in the PBV
convertible loan on the same terms as above. In the second half of the year, PBV launched its new online
service, “PBV Intelligence”. The service identifies and highlights business relationships between more
than 7,000 commercial law firms, 35,000 corporations, banks and government organisations and
152,000 business lawyers worldwide.
In May 2020, ForCrowd launched its first campaign, followed up by a second campaign in July. Neither
crowdfund campaign saw the total funding target achieved and were cancelled as a result, mainly due
to the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic.
• By August 2020 Geosim, delivered on its project in Asia to build a Digital Twin model of an international
airport, despite the inevitable delays due to Covid-19.
•
In August 2020, QBT has entered the early stages of launching a new investment initiative focused on
high growth technology companies. The Company engaged Sapphire Capital Partners LLP, an FCA
approved and regulated investment management partnership, to act as the Investment Manager to
establish and manage an EIS fund aimed at professional and qualifying retail investors. The proposed
fund will seek to invest in companies which focus on the integration of biological and digital systems.
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STRATEGIC REPORT (continued)
About Eufingest SA (“Eufingest”) Loans:
•
•
•
•
In February 2020, the Company received a €150,000 loan from Eufingest, bearing 2.5% annual interest,
repayable any time before 30 June 2020.
In June 2020, the Company agreed with Eufingest to extend the maturity of all outstanding loans to 30
September 2020. This was subsequently extended in October to 31 October 2020.
In August 2020, a principal amount of €550,000 plus interest of €11,157 was repaid by the Company to
Eufingest.
In November 2020, at the maturity date of the loan, all loans were converted into a new €3.5m
Convertible Zero Coupon Bond, repayable on 15 December 2022, carrying and implicit yield to maturity
of 1%.
Sale of investments
The Company did not dispose of any assets during 2020.
Section 172(1) Statement – Promotion of the Company for the benefit of members as a whole:
The Directors believe they have acted in good faith in a way that would most likely promote the success of the
Company for the benefit of its members as a whole, as required by s172 of the Companies Act 2006, and in doing
so have had regard to:
•
•
•
•
•
•
The likely consequences of any decision in the long term;
The need to act fairly between the members of the Company;
The desirability of maintaining the Company’s reputation for high standards of business conduct;
Consider the interests of the Company’s employees;
The need to foster the Company’s relationships with suppliers, customers and others; and
The impact of the Company’s operations on the community and the environment.
In order to fulfil their duties under section 172, and promote the success of the Group for the benefit of all its
stakeholders, the directors need to ensure that the they not only act in accordance with their legal duties but
also engage with, and have regard for, all its stakeholders when taking decisions. The Group has a number of key
stakeholders it is committed to maintaining a strong relationship with. Understanding the Group’s stakeholders
and how they and their interests will impact on the strategy and success of the Group over the long term is a key
factor in the decisions that the Board makes.
Shareholders The promotion of the success of the Group is ultimately for the benefit of the Company’s
shareholders who provide the Company’s permanent capital. As a company listed on the AIM Market of the
London Stock Exchange, the Company is responsible for ensuring that it is aware of shareholder needs and
expectations. The Directors attach great importance to maintaining good relationships with all of its shareholders
and interested parties and seeks to ensure that they have access to correct and adequate information in a timely
fashion. The Directors are aware that as stakeholders, its shareholders play a vital role in the fabric of the
Company and therefore they regularly engage in dialogue with the Company’s shareholders and is available for
meetings with institutional and major shareholders following the release of the Group’s Annual and Interim
Results. The Directors welcome all shareholders to make contact with the Company and provide any feedback
or comments that they may have. Contact details are available on the Company’s website. The Company’s
Annual General Meeting is also an important opportunity for shareholders to meet and engage with Directors
and ask questions about the Company and its performance.
Employees Our employees are key to the success of the Group and recruiting, retaining and developing our team
is one of the Group’s most important priorities. The Directors expect a high standard of integrity and
accountability from the Group’s employees. In return, they reward and incentivise the staff on the basis of merit,
7 | P a g e
STRATEGIC REPORT (continued)
ability and performance. Employee engagement is a key factor of this performance and the Directors encourage
an open communication forum amongst all members of staff, aided by the Group’s small size and relatively flat
hierarchical structure. The Directors are committed to promoting diversity and equal opportunities and consider
the Group to be a supportive employer, providing training and development where required.
Response to the Covid-19 outbreak The focus of the Directors since the Covid-19 outbreak has been on keeping
the employees and their families safe. In accordance with the government lockdown restrictions, all employees
have been working from home and have been provided with the technology and equipment to do so, where
required. Ensuring staff engagement and wellbeing at this difficult time has been of particular importance, and
the Directors have ensured that regular departmental calls and online meetings have continued to take place
during lockdown.
Investee Companies Engagement with the Group’s portfolio of investee companies is critical to delivering the
Company’s long-term strategy with respect to maximising shareholders’ return. Whilst the Group does not
involve itself in the day to day operations of its investee companies, it does retain formal oversight by being part
of the board of each investee company.
Regulatory Bodies Although the Company is not itself directly regulated, it operates within a regulated
environment (i.e., AIM rules) and therefore actively engages with various regulatory bodies and advisory firms
to ensure that compliance standards are maintained and that the Company continues to act with the high
standards of business conduct that have established its reputation thus far.
Suppliers and Advisors The Company’s suppliers and advisors are integral to the day to day operation of the
Group. Relationships with suppliers are carefully managed to ensure that the Group is always obtaining value for
money. The Group seeks to ensure that good relationships are maintained with its suppliers and advisors through
regular contact and the prompt payment of invoices.
Other stakeholders and the wider community The Directors are committed to ensuring that none of its activities
have a detrimental impact on the wider community and the environment. The Group actively encourages its
employees to participate in charitable work and community projects.
Decision making and section 172 of the Companies Act 2006 The Group’s primary strategy is to deliver
shareholder value. The key driver of this growth is the investment of the Group’s resources into businesses with
experienced management teams that have excellent growth potential and where the Group can offer its
expertise and add value. During the year, the Group continued to fund its existing portfolio of investee
companies. Historically the Group has used funds from past realisations and external fundraising to fund future
opportunities both within its current portfolio and to new investments.
Board changes
On 12 Nov 2020, Mr Francesco Gardin was re-elected as Director of the Company.
Events after the reporting date
During the first months of 2021, the Company has been involved in the following:
With regard to the historic portfolio and the ongoing litigations:
• Mediapolis: The receiver, at the conclusion of a public bidding process, assigned to CL17 the rights of a
potential claim against former Mediapolis directors and members of its internal audit committee for a
consideration of €50,000 (to be deducted from the amount yet to be received from the Mediapolis
Bankruptcy of €182,067). The value of the claim is still being assessed by the Company’s legal team,
however, the receiver had originally estimated that the value of the claim may be above €20m.
•
Sosushi legal claim: The Bologna Court has elected to continue CL17’s €1.03 million legal claim against
the previous management of Sosushi through an arbitration process.
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STRATEGIC REPORT (continued)
• Regarding the Sipiem legal claim, the €10.8m claim is continuing, with slight delays due to the Covid-
19 pandemic and other unforeseeable events, and is gradually getting to a conclusion, expected (either
via a legal trial or settlement agreement) to be in the following months. In May 2021, the court-
appointed independent expert filed his report on the economic merit of the damages suffered by
Sipiem at an amount of up to €7.8 million, subject to the Judge ruling that the conduct of Sipiem’s
former board and internal audit committee was unlawful.
About the existing technology portfolio:
• Geosim, was awarded a new contract for which it is now completing a first Phase in the development
of a 3D Reality Model for a major North American airport similar to the one previously delivered for an
important Asian airport.
•
•
PBV is aiming to consolidate the intelligence service as a new line of revenue alongside to its legal
directory and award events, and to soft-launch its new legal networking platform, which has already
been developed internally. Additionally, considering the general improvement of the market in Europe
following the Covid-19 pandemic, PBV is expecting to re-launch its industry award events for the legal
sector (especially in Italy and France), and hopes to re-invigorate a consistent line of revenue that was
negatively affected in 2020.
Forcrowd launched a new crowdfunding campaign, which, given the high pre-committed capital prior
to launch, is expected to be successfully concluded.
• Miner One, will become the vehicle through which QBT will carry out all its crypto -mining operations
and related activities.
Importantly, on the Company’s corporate side:
•
•
In February 2021, the Company raised £1.68m (before expenses) through two placings, for working
capital purposes, management of current assets and, most importantly to deploy a new investment
strategy based on quantum computing, blockchain, cryptocurrency and Artificial intelligence.
Following the above, in April 2021, the Company issued a General Meeting notice to:
-
-
-
Change the Company’s investment strategy.
Change the Company’s name to Quantum Blockchain Technologies Plc.
Authorise the directors to issue shares and share options.
At the General Meeting held on 6 May 2021, Shareholders granted such authority to the Company.
In June 2021, the Company informed about the launch and progress of the in-house R&D programme, aiming to
improve the efficiency of Bitcoin mining, targeting a material reduction in energy usage and faster hash
processing, which will increase the probability of successful mining, as the Company believes that there are
tangible and disruptive optimisations that can be made at multiple levels within the end-to-end Bitcoin mining
process, which could result in faster execution and energy saving.
Principal Risks and Uncertainties
The Group’s investments as at 31 December 2020 were all in unlisted entities. As a result there is no readily
available market for sale in order to arrive at a fair value. The valuation of each investment is appraised on a
regular basis and requires a significant amount of judgment together with reviewing the cash flows and budgets
of the investee company in order to arrive at a fair value.
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STRATEGIC REPORT (continued)
The Group received a liquidity injection during the year under review, mainly via to the first tranche of the
Mediapolis‘ settlement agreement for the amount of €1.48m. In 2021, the Company also raised a further £1.68
million before expense to pursue the Company’s strategy and fund day-to-day operations of the Group. The
Directors consider that such amounts will be sufficient to meet the operating expenditure over the next 12
months. Additional funds may be required if the Company, in accordance with its new strategy, decides to scale-
up its technology ventures. This is covered further in the Going Concern section of this report and Note 3 to the
financial statements.
Key performance indicators (“kpi’s”)
The key performance indicators are set out below:
Net asset value
Closing share price
Market capitalisation
31 December
2020
31 December
2019 (restated)
Change %
(€2,286,000)
(€1,629,000)
40%
0.27p
0.30p
(10%)
€1,914,704
€2,342,000
(18%)
Assessment of business risk
The Board regularly reviews operating and strategic risks. The Group’s operating procedures include a system
for reporting financial and non-financial information to the Board including:
•
•
•
•
•
reports from management with a review of the business at each Board meeting, focusing on any new
decisions/risks arising;
reports on the performance of investments;
reports on selection criteria of new investments;
discussion with senior personnel; and
consideration of reports prepared by third parties.
Financial risk management
Details of the Group’s financial instruments and its policies regarding financial risk management are contained
in Note 18 to the financial statements.
Results for the year and dividends
The loss for the year was €1,208,000 (2019: loss of €624,000). Since the Group does not have any distributable
reserves, the Directors are unable to recommend the payment of a dividend.
Going concern
The Group’s activities generated a loss of €1,208,000 (2019: €624,000) and had net current assets of €4,857,000
as at 31 December 2020 (2019: net current assets of €2,396,000). The Group’s operational existence is still
dependent on the ability to raise further funding either through an equity placing on AIM, or through other
external sources, to support the on-going working capital requirements.
The Company has raised £1,680,000 (before expenses) in February 2021.
After making due enquiries, the Directors have formed a judgement that there is a reasonable expectation that
the Group can secure further adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future
and that adequate arrangements will be in place to enable the settlement of their financial commitments, as
and when they fall due.
10 | P a g e
STRATEGIC REPORT (continued)
For this reason, the Directors continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the financial statements.
Whilst there are material uncertainties in relation to future events, and therefore no certainty over the outcome
of the matters described, the Directors consider that, based upon financial projections and dependant on the
success of their efforts to complete these activities, the Group will be a going concern for the next twelve
months. If it is not possible for the Directors to realise their plans, over which there is material uncertainty, the
carrying value of the assets of the Group is likely to be impaired.
In relation to the impact of Covid-19 on the Company, the Company’s employees can carry out their duties
remotely, via the network infrastructure in place. As a result, there was no disruption to the operational activities
of the Company during the Covid-19 social distancing and working from home restrictions. All key business
functions continue to operate at normal capacity.
On the other hand, the impact of Covid-19 on the roadmap of the Company’s investees has been material, as
the difficult economic environment negatively affected the commercial developments and related expected
revenues.
Due the above, the Directors note the material uncertainty in relation to the Group being unable to realise its
assets and discharge its liabilities in the normal course of business.
By order of the Board.
Francesco Gardin
Director
24 June 2021
11 | P a g e
DIRECTORS’ REPORT
The Directors present their report together with the audited financial statements for the year ended
31 December 2020.
Principal Activity
The principal activity of the Group is that of an investment company with a portfolio of companies primarily
encompassing the leisure and real estate sectors mainly in Italy and, more recently, technology sectors. The
focus of management is to pursue the monetisation of all of the Company’s existing assets, through selected
realisations, court-led recoveries of misappropriated assets and substantial debt-recovery processes. The
Company has also realigned its strategic focus to technology related investments, with special regard to
Quantum Computing, Blockchain, Cryptocurrency and AI sectors.
Directors
The present members of the Board of Directors together with brief biographies are shown on page 5.
The board comprised the following directors who served throughout the year and up to the date of this report
save where disclosed otherwise beside their name:
Francesco Gardin
Reginald Eccles
Directors’ interests
No director had a material interest in any contract of significance to the Company or any of its subsidiaries during
the period. No director of the Company has any beneficial interest in the shares of its subsidiary companies.
The interests of the directors who served at the end of the year in the share capital of the Company at 31
December 2020 and 31 December 2019 were as follows:
Directors
31 December 2020
Holding
31 December 2019
(0.25p ordinary shares)
%
(0.25p ordinary shares)
Francesco Gardin
12,437,078
1.88%
12,437,078
The closing market price of the Quantum Blockchain Technologies new ordinary shares of 0.25p each at 31
December 2020 was 0.265p and the highest and lowest closing prices during the year were 0.325p and 0.135p
respectively.
Remuneration
Remuneration receivable by each director during the year was as follows:
Executive Directors
Reginald Eccles
Francesco Gardin
Total
2020
Board fees
2019
Remuneration
€’000
€’000
56
267
323
42
134
176
2020
Total
€’000
56
267
323
2019
Total
€’000
42
134
176
None of the Directors had any pension entitlement.
The difference between 2019 and 2020 figures is due to 10% bonus to Francesco Gardin on liquidation of historic
assets (i.e., Mediapolis settlement in 2020), as per his contract with the Company.
12 | P a g e
DIRECTORS’ REPORT (continued)
Directors’ interests in share options and warrants
At 31 December 2020 all former share options had lapsed and no options were exercised in any of the last three
financial years.
Significant shareholders
As at 22 June 2021, the parties who are directly or indirectly interested in 3 percent or more of the nominal value
of the Company’s share capital are as follows:
HARGREAVES LANSDOWN (NOMINEES) LIMITED
INTERACTIVE INVESTOR SERVICES NOMINEES LIMITED
EUFINGEST SA
HSDL NOMINEES LIMITED
VIDACONS NOMINEE LIMITED
BARCLAYS DIRECT INESTING NOMINEES LIMITED
FRANCESCO GARDIN
LAWSHARE NOMINEES LIMITED
WEALTH NOMINEES LIMITED
PEGASUS PIROUETTE CAPITAL LONDON Ltd
Number of Ordinary Shares
230,184,628
159,063,493
86,254,733
81,213,717
59,727,171
34,615,980
34,286,481
30,534,487
29,602,072
26,932,277
%
25.65
17.72
9.61
9.05
6.65
3.86
3.82
3.40
3.30
3.00
13 | P a g e
DIRECTORS’ REPORT (continued)
Corporate Governance
The Board of Directors is accountable to the Company’s shareholders for ensuring good corporate governance
and the Directors have agreed (on 27 September 2017) to report against the UK Quoted Companies Alliance
(“QCA”) Governance Code.
QCA Code Recommendation
Principle 1
Application by the Company
Establish a strategy and business model which
promote long-term value for shareholders
•
•
•
The board must be able to express a shared
view of the company’s purpose, business
model and strategy.
It should go beyond the simple description of
products and corporate structures and set
out how the company intends to deliver
shareholder value in the medium to long-
term.
It should demonstrate that the delivery of
long-term growth is underpinned by a clear
set of values aimed at protecting the
company from unnecessary risk and securing
its long-term future.
Quantum Blockchain Technologies plc is an AIM listed
investment company with a portfolio of companies
primarily encompassing the leisure and real estate
sectors mainly in Italy and the UK. The focus of the
management is to pursue the monetisation of all of the
Company’s existing assets, through selected realisations,
court-led recoveries of misappropriated assets and
substantial debt-recovery processes. In addition, the
Company has launched a joint venture initiative in the
cryptocurrency mining sector and recently invested a
data base company.
A more detailed explanation of the Company’s strategy
is set out in the preface of the Company’s Annual Reports
and business updates released to the market which are
available on the Company’s website in the Regulatory
News section.
Principle 2
Seek to understand and meet shareholder needs
and expectations
• Directors must develop a good
understanding of the needs and expectations
of all elements of the company’s shareholder
base.
•
The board must manage shareholders’
expectations and should seek to understand
the motivations behind shareholder voting
decisions.
The Company endeavours to maintain a dialogue and
keep both private and
institutional shareholders
informed through its public announcements and its
corporate website.
Shareholders are sent Annual Reports and all
shareholders receive a Notice of the Meeting and are
encouraged to attend the Annual General Meeting.
Members of the Board are in attendance at the Annual
General Meeting and are available to meet shareholders
formally after the meeting to discuss information that is
in the public domain. The Company will advise
shareholders attending the AGM of the number of proxy
votes lodged for and against each resolution after each
resolution has been dealt with by a show of hands.
In addition, shareholder communication may also be
answered, where possible or appropriate, by the
Company’s Financial PR advisor, Leander PR or the
Company’s broker, SP Angel Corporate Finance LLP.
Leander PR is responsible for the public relations of the
Company, which includes assistance in the preparation
of public announcements and liaison with the press.
14 | P a g e
DIRECTORS’ REPORT (continued)
Principle 2 (continued)
Principle 3
Take into account wider stakeholder and social
responsibilities and their implications for long-
term success
•
Long-term success relies upon good relations
with a range of different stakeholder groups
both internal (workforce) and external
(suppliers, customers, regulators and others).
The board needs to identify the company’s
stakeholders and understand their needs,
interests and expectations.
• Where matters that relate to the company’s
impact on society, the communities within
which it operates or the environment have
the potential to affect the company’s ability
to deliver shareholder value over the
medium to long-term, then those matters
must be integrated into the company’s
strategy and business model.
Feedback is an essential part of all control
mechanisms. Systems need to be in place to
solicit, consider and act on feedback from all
stakeholder groups.
•
Principle 4
Embed effective risk management, considering
both opportunities and threats, throughout the
organisation
•
•
The board needs to ensure that the
company’s risk management framework
identifies and addresses all relevant risks in
order to execute and deliver strategy;
companies need to consider their extended
business, including the company’s supply
chain, from key suppliers to end-customer.
Setting strategy includes determining the
extent of exposure to the identified risks that
the company is able to bear and willing to
take (risk tolerance and risk appetite).
15 | P a g e
The Board is responsible for the Company’s public
announcements to the market and where appropriate
takes advice from the Company’s advisors in respect of
their preparation and the Company’s regulatory
requirements.
The Directors are aware of the impact the business
activities have on the communities in which the Group’s
businesses operate and are very cognisant of the
importance of stakeholders, including but not limited to
shareholders, employees, advisors, business partners,
regulators and the wider society.
The Company holds formal and informal meetings, to
identify both internal and external stakeholders’ needs,
interests and expectations.
The Board, on a case-by-case basis, will take the decision
to act on feedback from stakeholders.
The Company does not have a policy towards charity,
given the current size of the Company, but the Board
may from time to time decide to make charitable
donations.
The Company works closely with its advisors to ensure it
meets its listing obligations as well as the social, legal,
religious and cultural requirements of the countries in
which it operates.
The Company is exposed to a variety of risks that result
from its investing activities. A detailed explanation of the
Board’s management of each risk is outlined in the
Annual Reports. Internal controls are designed to
manage rather than eliminate risk and therefore even
the most effective system cannot provide assurance that
each and every risk, present and future, has been
addressed.
is
responsible
identification,
The Board
assessment and management of such risks. In assessing
the risks, the Board is assisted by the Company’s
advisors.
the
for
DIRECTORS’ REPORT (continued)
Principle 5
Maintain the board as a well-functioning,
balanced team led by the chair
•
•
•
•
The board members have a collective
responsibility and legal obligation to promote
the interests of the company, and are
collectively responsible for defining
corporate governance arrangements.
Ultimate responsibility for the quality of, and
approach to, corporate governance lies with
the chair of the board.
The board (and any committees) should be
provided with high quality information in a
timely manner to facilitate proper
assessment of the matters requiring a
decision or insight.
The board should have an appropriate
balance between executive and non-
executive directors and should have at least
two independent non-executive directors.
Independence is a board judgement.
The board should be supported by
committees (e.g. audit, remuneration,
nomination) that have the necessary skills
and knowledge to discharge their duties and
responsibilities effectively.
• Directors must commit the time necessary to
fulfil their roles.
16 | P a g e
Quantum Blockchain Technologies plc’s Board of
Directors is comprised of Prof Francesco Gardin as
Chairman
Officer
Chief
(“CEO”). Mr Reginald Eccles is the independent Non-
executive Director of the Company, while Mr. James
Douglas Gordon acts as Company Secretary.
Executive
and
Both Directors allocate sufficient time to the Company to
discharge their duties.
Ultimate responsibility for the quality of, and approach
to, corporate governance lies with the Chair of the
Board.
The Board is aware that the QCA Corporate Governance
Code advises that, save in exceptional circumstances, the
Chairman should not also fulfil the role of Executive
Director. Given the current size and stage of the
Company, alongside Prof Gardin’s knowledge of past
and present complex legal matters impacting on the
Company, the Board believes that this combined role is
currently appropriate. This, however, will be kept under
review as the Company develops.
The Company notes that the QCA Code also recommends
that the Board include at least two Independent non-
executive directors. The Board will consider the
appointment of additional non-executive directors as the
Group’s scale and complexity grows.
The shareholders are aware of these circumstances and
have not opposed the re-election of the Board at the
Annual General Meetings.
In addition, there is a regular dialogue between the
Directors and the Company Secretary to ensure every
decision is correctly assessed and properly balanced.
The Board is also supported by a number of committees
including the Audit Committee and the Remuneration
Committee.
Additionally, as a holding
company, Quantum
Blockchain Technologies is supported by the Boards and
operating
of
independent Directors
companies.
individual
DIRECTORS’ REPORT (continued)
Principle 6
Ensure that between them the directors have the
necessary up-to-date experience, skills and
capabilities
Biographies and expertise of the Directors are available
on both the Company’s website (in the Board of Directors
section) and the Annual Reports.
In matters related to company law, the Company
depends upon the legal expertise of its legal advisers.
Where there are issues that exceed the expertise of the
Directors, the Company utilises external advisors.
The Company has engaged several law firms, in Italy and
in the UK, to advise in respect of the legal matters related
to the claims the Company has pursued since the
appointment of the current Board in July 2015.
The Directors’ background and experience guarantee
they can maintain their skillset up to date. Prof
Francesco Gardin has maintained close connections with
his former colleagues at Udine, Milan and Siena
Universities, where he lectured for 30 years, regularly
attends global technology and technology-related
conferences and he is part of a network of advisors, CEOs
and CFOs, of quoted and unquoted companies around
the world, he meets regularly. Mr Reginald Eccles is a
long-standing member of the Institute of Directors,
through which he has access to outstanding advice and
information. He is also a Freeman of a City Livery
Company and a Freeman of the City of London, in which
roles he continuously meets entrepreneurs and
businessmen.
The Board considers the evaluation process is best
carried out internally given the Company’s current size,
However, the Board will keep this under review and may
consider independent external evaluation reviews in due
course as the Company grows.
The Independent Non-executive Director chairs the
Remuneration Committee and
for
assessing and for evaluating the effectiveness of the
Executive Director (including determination of any
annual bonus) by reference to the performance of the
Company. This review takes place every six months.
is responsible
•
•
The board must have an appropriate balance
of sector, financial and public markets skills
and experience, as well as an appropriate
balance of personal qualities and capabilities.
The board should understand and challenge
its own diversity, including gender balance,
as part of its composition.
The board should not be dominated by one
person or a group of people. Strong personal
bonds can be important but can also divide a
board.
• As companies evolve, the mix of skills and
experience required on the board will
change, and board composition will need to
evolve to reflect this change.
Principle 7
Evaluate board performance based on clear and
relevant
continuous
improvement
objectives,
seeking
•
•
The board should regularly review the
effectiveness of its performance as a unit, as
well as that of its committees and the
individual directors.
The board performance review may be
carried out internally or, ideally, externally
facilitated from time to time. The review
should identify development or mentoring
needs of individual directors or the wider
senior management team.
17 | P a g e
The Company does not consider it necessary at the
current time to have a Nominations Committee and the
Board as a whole is responsible for Board and senior
management nominations. The merits of constituting a
separate Nominations Committee will be kept under
review. The Board continues to monitor and evolves the
Company’s corporate governance structures and
processes, and maintains that these will evolve over
time, in line with the Company’s growth and
development.
There is currently no focus for the Board on succession
planning although this will be kept under review.
The Board recognises that a corporate culture based on
sound ethical values and behaviours is an asset and
provides
competitive advantages. The Company
operates in different sectors and markets and is mindful
that respect of individual cultures is critical to corporate
success.
The Company endeavours to conduct its business in an
ethical, professional and responsible manner, treating its
employees, business partners and wider stakeholders
with equal courtesy and respect at all times.
DIRECTORS’ REPORT (continued)
Principle 7 (continued)
•
It is healthy for membership of the board to
be periodically refreshed. Succession
planning is a vital task for boards. No
member of the board should become
indispensable.
Principle 8
Promote a corporate culture that is based on
ethical values and behaviours
•
•
•
•
The board should embody and promote a
corporate culture that is based on sound
ethical values and behaviours and use it as an
asset and a source of competitive advantage.
The policy set by the board should be visible
in the actions and decisions of the chief
executive and the rest of the management
team. Corporate values should guide the
objectives and strategy of the company.
The culture should be visible in every aspect
of the business, including recruitment,
nominations, training and engagement. The
performance and reward system should
endorse the desired ethical behaviours
across all levels of the company.
The corporate culture should be recognisable
throughout the disclosures in the annual
report, website and any other statements
issued by the company.
18 | P a g e
DIRECTORS’ REPORT (continued)
Principle 9
Maintain governance structures and processes
that are fit for purpose and support good
decision-making by the board
•
•
The company should maintain governance
structures and processes in line with its
corporate culture and appropriate to its:
size and complexity; and
capacity, appetite and tolerance for
risk.
o
o
The governance structures should evolve
over time in parallel with its objectives,
strategy and business model to reflect the
development of the company.
The Board is responsible for maintaining the corporate
governance structure that is appropriate to its corporate
culture and business growth.
In maintaining the
governance structure, the Board works closely with its
Nominated Advisor.
The Executive Director is responsible for running the
business and implementing the decisions and policies of
the Board. The Board is also responsible for ensuring the
Company’s communication with shareholders is timely,
informative and accurate with due regard to regulatory
requirements.
The Non-Executive Director was appointed not only to
provide
constructive
challenge to the Executive Director but also chosen to
provide strategic advice and guidance.
independent oversight and
The Board is supported by the Audit Committee, and the
Remuneration Committee.
is
The Audit Committee meets twice a year and
responsible
for dealing with accounting matters,
ensuring the independence of the external auditors,
financial reporting and internal controls. The committee
comprises the Non-executive Director and the Chairman
of the Company and is chaired by the Non-executive
Director. During the year, the Audit Committee met
twice with the Chairman of the Company and the Non-
executive Director both attending the meetings.
The Remuneration Committee, chaired by the Non-
executive Director, is responsible for the approval of the
remuneration for the executive Director. The Committee
meets twice a year and is comprised of the Non-
executive Director and the Chief Executive Officer. In
determining the total remuneration (including bonuses,
if any) of the Executive Director, the Non-Executive
Director may consult advisors. The Executive Director
also consults the Non-executive Director with respect to
overall staff remuneration. During the year, the
Remuneration Committee met twice with the Chairman
of the Company and is chaired by the Non-executive
Director both attending the meetings
19 | P a g e
DIRECTORS’ REPORT (continued)
Principle 10
Communicate how the company is governed and
is performing by maintaining a dialogue with
shareholders and other relevant stakeholders
• A healthy dialogue should exist between the
board and all of its stakeholders, including
shareholders, to enable all interested parties
to come to informed decisions about the
company.
In particular, appropriate communication and
reporting structures should exist between
the board and all constituent parts of its
shareholder base. This will assist:
•
o
o
the communication of shareholders’
views to the board; and
the shareholders’ understanding of
the unique circumstances and
constraints faced by the company.
•
It should be clear where these
communication practices are described
(annual report or website).
The Chairman is responsible for maintaining a dialogue
with shareholders and the financial markets, including
the financial press. The Company communicates with
shareholders through the Annual Report and half-year
accounts, announcements to the stock market and at its
Annual General Meeting.
The AIM Rule 26 section of the Company’s website
provides all required regulatory information as well as
additional information shareholders may find helpful.
Historical company announcements, annual reports and
circulars of Annual General Meeting are available on the
Company’s website in the Annual Report and Circulars
and Regulatory News section.
Results of shareholder meetings will be publicly
announced through the regulatory system and displayed
on the Company’s website with suitable explanations of
any actions undertaken as a result of any significant
votes against resolutions.
Information on the work of the various Board
Committees and other relevant information are included
in the Company’s Annual Report.
20 | P a g e
DIRECTORS’ REPORT (continued)
Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities
The Directors are responsible for preparing the Annual Report of the Directors and the financial statements in
accordance with applicable law and regulations.
Company law requires the Directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the
Directors have elected to prepare the Group and Parent Company financial statements in accordance with
International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”). Under Company law the directors must not approve the
financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the
Group and the Company and of the profit or loss of the Group for that period. The Directors are also required to
prepare financial statements in accordance with the AIM rules of the London Stock Exchange.
In preparing these financial statements, the directors are required to:
select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;
•
• make judgments and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent;
•
state whether applicable IFRSs as adopted by the European Union have been followed, subject to any
material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements; and
prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that
the Group will continue in business.
•
The Directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain
the Group’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Group
and Company and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006.
They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Group and Company and hence for taking reasonable
steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.
The Directors are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the corporate and financial information
included on the Group’s website. Legislation in the United Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination
of financial statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions. The Group is compliant with AIM Rule
26 regarding the Group’s website.
Disclosure of information to auditor
In the case of each person who was a Director at the time this report was approved:
•
•
so far as that director is aware there is no relevant audit information of which the Group’s auditor is
unaware; and
that director has taken all steps that the director ought to have taken as a director to make himself
aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the Group’s auditor is aware of that
information.
Independent auditor
MHA Macintyre Hudson, having expressed their willingness to continue in office, will be deemed reappointed
for the next financial year in accordance with section 487(2) of the Companies Act 2006 unless the Company
receives notice under section 488(1) of the Companies Act 2006.
By order of the Board
Francesco Gardin
Chairman
24 June 2021
21 | P a g e
Independent auditors’ report to the members of Quantum Blockchain
Technologies Plc
For the purpose of this report, the terms “we” and “our” denote MHA MacIntyre Hudson in relation to UK legal,
professional and regulatory responsibilities and reporting obligations to the members of Quantum Blockchain
Technologies plc. For the purposes of the table on pages 24 to 29 that sets out the key audit matters and how
our audit addressed the key audit matters, the terms “we” and “our” refer to MHA MacIntyre Hudson. The Group
financial statements, as defined below, consolidate the accounts of Quantum Blockchain Technologies plc and
its subsidiaries (the “Group”). The “Parent Company” is defined as Quantum Blockchain Technologies Plc. The
relevant legislation governing the Parent Company is the United Kingdom Companies Act 2006 (“Companies Act
2006”).
Qualified opinion
We have audited the financial statements of Quantum Blockchain Technologies plc for the year ended 31
December 2020.
The financial statements that we have audited comprise:
• Group Income Statement and Statement of Comprehensive Income.
• Group and Company Statements of Financial Position
• Group and Company Statements of Changes In Equity
• Group and Company Statements of Cash Flows
• Notes 1 to 25 of the financial statements, including the accounting policies.
The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and international
accounting standards in conformity with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.
In our opinion, except for the possible effects of matters described in the basis for qualified opinion section, the
financial statements:
•
•
•
give a true and fair view of the state of the Group’s and of the parent Company’s affairs as at 31
December 2020and the Group’s loss for the year then ended.
have been properly prepared in accordance with international accounting standards in conformity
with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 and
have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.
Our opinion is consistent with our reporting to the Director.
Basis for qualified opinion
Investment in GeoSim Systems Ltd
The investment disclosed in note 13 in relation to GeoSim Systems Ltd for an amount of €546,212 has been
accounted for at fair value by the Directors. The measurement of fair value by the directors is based on the share
price of another share placement of the investee that took place 30 months before the year end. In our opinion
the valuation technique used by the directors does not provide a reliable measurement of the fair value of the
investment in GeoSim Systems Ltd at the reporting date. As the investee is a company that is still in the course
of establishing itself, an income approach, in isolation or combined with a cost approach, could have been used
to estimate the fair value of the investment in accordance with IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement. We were
unable, via our audit procedures, to obtain sufficient and appropriate audit evidence about the carrying amount
of the investment in GeoSim Systems Ltd and, consequently we were unable to determine whether any
adjustment to that amount was necessary.
22 | P a g e
Mediapolis Investment S.A.
As outlined in note 13, the Group has not consolidated the subsidiary undertaking Mediapolis Investment S.A.
as the directors consider its inclusion to be immaterial to the consolidated financial statements. Although the
subsidiary has been inactive for a number of years, the information that we have obtained in the course of our
audit indicates that it has outstanding liabilities that prevent its winding up. The omission of these liabilities may
be material to the consolidated financial statements. However, as no financial information was prepared for the
subsidiary, we were unable to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence about the financial effect of their
non-consolidation and to determine whether any material adjustment was necessary.
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable
law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s Responsibilities for the
Audit of the Financial Statements section of our report. We are independent of the Group in accordance with
the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s
Ethical Standard as applied to listed entities, and we have fulfilled our ethical responsibilities in accordance with
those requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to
provide a basis for our qualified opinion.
Material uncertainty related to going concern
We draw your attention to note 3 in the financial statements which states that the Group and Parent Company
incurred substantial losses during the year and that the Group and Parent Company’s operational existence is
still dependent on the ability to raise further funding either through an equity placing, or through other
external sources of finance. The impact of this together with other matters set out in the note, indicate that a
material uncertainty exists that may cast significant doubt on the group’s ability to continue as a going
concern. Our opinion is not modified in respect of this matter. In auditing the financial statements, we have
concluded that the Directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial
statements is appropriate. Our evaluation of the Directors’ assessment of the Group and Parent Company’s
ability to continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting included:
•
The consideration of inherent risks to the Company’s operations and specifically its business
model.
The evaluation of how those risks might impact on the Company’s available financial resources.
•
• Where additional resources may be required the reasonableness and practicality of the
•
•
•
assumptions made by the Directors when assessing the probability and likelihood of those
resources becoming available.
Liquidity considerations including examination of cash flow projections.
Solvency considerations including examination of budgets and forecasts and their basis of
preparation, including review and assessment of the model’s mechanical accuracy and the
reasonableness of assumptions included within.
Consideration of availability of funds required to settle funding facilities due for repayment during
the going concern review period. Assessing the reasonableness and practicality of the mitigation
measures identified by management in their conservative case scenario and considered by them
in arriving at their conclusions about the existence of any uncertainties in respect of going
concern.
Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the
relevant sections of this report.
23 | P a g e
Overview of our audit approach
Materiality
2020
2019
Group
Parent
Key Audit Matters
Event driven
Recurring Group
€85,450
€70,000
1% of total liabilities (2019: 1% of total assets)
€76,900
€20,000
1% of total liabilities, but capped at 90% of group
materiality (2019: 1% of total assets)
• Classification and valuation of bonds
Investment valuation
• Contingencies and existence of litigation and claims
•
• Accuracy of accounting for Group entities
• Accounting for Alnitak S.A.
Key Audit Matters
Key Audit Matters are those matters that, in our professional judgement, were of most significance in our audit
of the financial statements of the current period and include the most significant assessed risks of material
misstatement (whether or not due to fraud) that we identified. These matters included those matters which had
the greatest effect on: the overall audit strategy, the allocation of resources in the audit; and directing the efforts
of the engagement team and, as required for public interest entities, our results from those procedures. These
matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in forming our
opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters. In addition to the matters
described in the Basis for Qualified Opinion section we have determined the matters described below to be Key
Audit Matters to be communicated in our report.
24 | P a g e
Contingencies and existence of litigation and claims
Key audit
matter description
The Group is actively engaged in ongoing litigation and claims to recover
receivables advanced and investments made, as well as contingent damages for
breach of contract, where the Group expects significant future economic
benefits.
The Group is required to assess the initial and subsequent measurement of the
recoverability of receivables and investments and the other proceeds of its
claims in view of the requirements of IFRS 9 Financial Instruments and IAS 37
Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets.
Some of the claims are yet to be concluded in the courts and require significant
judgement from management.
The risk exists that the outcome of these claims are not assessed appropriately
and that rights and obligations do not exist to the extent that the corresponding
assets are recognised.
How the scope of our audit
responded to the key audit
matter
We reviewed the significant judgements adopted by management in respect of
assets subject to litigation and claims and assessed its consistency with the
requirements of IFRS 9 and IAS 37.
We reviewed and discussed each claim with management and understood their
basis for the treatment of each claim.
We tested managements calculations as to the value of any claim amount and
tested the key inputs to confirmations from external legal advisers and versus
similar historical claims where the Group has been successful.
We considered the presentation and measurement of the assets under
litigation.
We assessed whether the appropriate disclosures regarding the nature of the
claims have been adequately disclosed in the financial statements.
Key observations
We concluded that the assets recognised in relation to litigation claims were
appropriately substantiated and measured in the financial statements.
25 | P a g e
Investment valuation (other than in relation to GeoSim Systems Ltd)
Key audit
matter description
Non-current assets investments in the financial statements are measured at fair
value through profit or loss.
The Group’s investment are primarily Level 3 investments under IFRS 13 Fair
Value Measurement, as their measurement is primarily based on unobservable
inputs as they are not traded in active markets.
The valuation of such
investments
management which increases the risk of a material misstatement.
involve significant
judgement from
How the scope of our audit
responded to the key audit
matter
Our procedures included assessing each investment against the fair value
measurement criteria of IFRS 13 and determining the inputs to valuation
techniques used by management to measure fair value. We concluded that all
investments were classified as Level 3 investments.
We reviewed the Directors’ detailed assessment of the fair value of each
investment and assessed the methods, data and significant assumptions used
in the valuation.
We considered whether the valuation produced by the Directors to estimate
the fair of the investments were reasonable in the context of the evidence
available.
We concluded that the fair value measurement of the current investments, with
the exception of GeoSim Systems Ltd outlined in our basis of qualified opinion
section, was reasonable in view of the requirements of IFRS 13 and the available
information.
Key observations
26 | P a g e
Accuracy of accounting for Group entities (other than in relation to Mediapolis Investment S.A)
Key audit
matter description
Quantum Blockchain Technologies plc is required to prepare consolidated
financial statements that include the entities that it controls in accordance with
the requirements of IFRS 10 Consolidated Financial Statements.
There is a risk that entities have been omitted from the Groups consolidated
accounts and therefore have been accounted for incorrectly.
If 'control' exists over an entity, in accordance with the definition in IFRS 10, and
this has not been consolidated, the Group accounts may be materially
misstated.
The Group has shareholdings in several dormant, inactive, liquidated and in-
liquidation entities that might need to be consolidated into the Group financial
statements.
How the scope of our audit
responded to the key audit
matter
Our procedures included an assessment of each investment held by the Group
in other entities against the definition of control set out in IFRS 10.
We sought to establish whether the investment resulted in control of the entity
by reviewing relevant internal and third-party documentation about the various
entities and by enquiries of the Group’s management and advisers.
We also obtained the latest available financial information for all the
investments and assessed the conclusions of the Directors about the inclusion
of the various entities set out in Note 13.
We concluded that the entities meeting the definition of control by the Group
were consolidated in accordance with IFRS 10, with the exception of:
• Alnitak S.A.as outlined in our Key Audit Matters below; and
• Mediapolis Investment S.A., as outlined in our basis of qualified
opinion section.
Key observations
27 | P a g e
Classification and valuation of bonds
Key audit
matter description
The group has historic external financing arrangements, including bonds and
loans, that have share conversion options. These arrangements are regarded
as hybrid financial instruments, that comprise a financial liability host contract
and conversion option that is an embedded derivative.
The accounting classification and valuation of these external financial
arrangements is a significant judgement area, which also includes whether the
conversion option should have been separated from the financial liability host
instruments and accounted for at fair value through profit or loss as a
derivative.
During the year, the Group revisited the accounting treatment of the historic
external financing arrangements and separated the financial liability hosts,
accounted for at amortised cost, from the conversion options, accounted for as
derivatives at fair value through profit or loss. This also involved a retrospective
restatement of comparatives for the prior year and of the relevant opening
balances for the comparative period, as set out in Note 25.Additionally, in the
year a new bond was raised that contained a conversion option. The Group
assessed the new bond to be a compound financial instrument that includes a
debt and an equity component that are accounted for separately. The
classification of the components of the bond and the valuation of the debt
element also involve judgement and constitutes a significant audit risk area.
How the scope of our audit
responded to the key audit
matter
We obtained a detailed understanding and background regarding the bonds
and loans in place at the start of the year; during the year; and held as at the
year end and verified the appropriateness of the respective accounting
treatment adopted.
We engaged a valuation expert to undertake audit procedures over the
accounting valuation of the instruments and issued instructions regarding the
scope of the work to be completed.
We were able to corroborate the appropriateness of managements inputs into
the valuation calculations.
We reviewed the market interest rate for the new bond in 2020 and the Black
Scholes model inputs for the historic borrowings.
We also verified the accuracy of the retrospective restatement relating to the
treatment of the historic external financing arrangements.
We concluded that management estimates and accounting for the bonds were
accurate.
Key observations
28 | P a g e
Accounting for Alnitak S.A
Key audit
matter description
The Group has not consolidated the subsidiary Alnitak S.A. as the directors
consider its inclusion to be immaterial to the consolidated financial statements.
There is an audit risk that its non-consolidation could be material to the Group
financial statements.
How the scope of our audit
responded to the key audit
matter
We obtained from management their updated assessment of the non-
consolidation of the subsidiary.
We challenged management as to any further information obtained during
2020 or post year end that supported their conclusions.
Management provided legal representation that the subsidiary has no
outstanding liabilities, which would not be settled by its assets, and confirmed
that post year end formal liquidation procedures have begun.
Key Observations
The evidence provided on the post year end liquidation was consistent with
management’s assessment that the non-consolidation of the subsidiary on the
grounds of it being immaterial was appropriate.
Our application of materiality
Our definition of materiality considers the value of error or omission on the financial statements that, individually
or in aggregate, would change or influence the economic decision of a reasonably knowledgeable user of those
financial statements. Misstatements below these levels will not necessarily be evaluated as immaterial as we
also take account of the nature of identified misstatements, and the particular circumstances of their occurrence,
when evaluating their effect on the financial statements as a whole. Materiality is used in planning the scope of
our work, executing that work and evaluating the results.
Materiality in respect of the Group was set at €85,450 (2019: €70,000) which was determined based on 1% of
total liabilities in 2020 and 1% of total assets in 2019. Total liabilities in 2020 and total assets in 2019 were
deemed to be the most appropriate metric for materiality as this is primarily what the users of the financial
statements are concerned with. The change year on year on how materiality has been determined is due to
the changes in financing arrangements in 2020.
Performance materiality is the application of materiality at the individual account or balance level, set at an
amount to reduce to an appropriately low level the probability that the aggregate of uncorrected and undetected
misstatements exceeds materiality for the financial statements as a whole.
Performance materiality for the Group was set at €51,270 (2019: €42,000) which represents 60% (2019: 60%)
of the above materiality levels.
The determination of performance materiality reflects our assessment of the risk of undetected errors existing,
the nature of the systems and controls and the level of misstatements arising in previous audits.
Materiality in respect of the parent was set at €76,900 (2019: €20,000) which was determined based on 1% of
total liabilities in 2020 but capped at 90% of group materiality and 1% of total assets in 2019. Performance
materiality for the parent company was set at €46,140 (2019: €12,000) which represents 60% (2019: 60%) of the
above materiality levels.
Our audit work on the significant components of the Group, and for determining and evaluating the specific
targeted procedures on other components, was executed at levels of materiality applicable to the individual
entity which were lower than Group materiality. Financial statement materiality applied to these components
of the Group was in the range of €44,500 to €45,700.
29 | P a g e
We agreed to report any corrected or uncorrected adjustments exceeding €3,000 to the directors as well as
differences below this threshold that in our view warranted reporting on qualitative grounds.
The scope of our audit
Our Group audit was scoped by obtaining an understanding of the Group and its environment, including the
Group’s system of internal control, and assessing the risks of material misstatement in the financial statements.
We also addressed the risk of management override of internal controls, including assessing whether there was
evidence of bias by the directors that may have represented a risk of material misstatement.
The Group consists of three reporting components all of which were considered to be significant components:
Quantum Blockchain Technologies plc, Clear Leisure 2017 Limited and Brainspark Associates Limited. The
significant components were subjected to full scope audits for the purposes of our audit report on the Group
financial statements.
Reporting on other information
The other information comprises the information included in the annual report other than the financial
statements and our auditor’s report thereon. The directors are responsible for the other information contained
within the annual report. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and,
except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion
thereon. Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other
information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the course of
the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or
apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to a material
misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude
that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact.
We have nothing to report in this regard.
Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006
In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit:
•
•
the information given in the strategic report and the directors’ report for the financial year for which
the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and
the strategic report and the directors’ report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal
requirements.
Matters on which we are required to report by exception
In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the Group and the Parent Company and its environment
obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the strategic report or the
directors’ report.
Arising solely from the limitation on the scope of our work relating to GeoSim Systems Ltd and Mediapolis
Investment S.A. referred to above:
• we have not obtained all the information and explanations that we considered necessary for the purpose
of our audit.
We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006
requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:
•
•
•
adequate accounting records have not been kept by the Parent Company, or returns adequate for our
audit have not been received by branches not visited by us; or
the financial statements of the Parent Company are not in agreement with the accounting records and
returns; or
certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or
30 | P a g e
Responsibilities of directors
As explained more fully in the directors’ responsibilities statement, the directors are responsible for the
preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such
internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that
are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the Group’s and the parent
Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and
using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the Group or the
parent Company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.
Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free
from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our
opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in
accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists.
Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in aggregate, they
could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial
statements.
Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures
in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities,
including fraud.
Because of the inherent limitations of an audit, there is a risk that we will not detect all irregularities, including
those leading to a material misstatement in the financial statements or non-compliance with regulation. This risk
increases the more that compliance with a law or regulation is removed from the events and transactions
reflected in the financial statements, as we will be less likely to become aware of instances of non-compliance.
The risk is also greater regarding irregularities occurring due to fraud rather than error, as fraud involves
intentional concealment, forgery, collusion, omission or misrepresentation.
The specific procedures for this engagement and the extent to which these are capable of detecting irregularities,
including fraud is detailed below:
• Obtaining an understanding of the legal and regulatory frameworks that the Group operates in, focusing
on those laws and regulations that had a direct effect on the financial statements. The key laws and
regulations we considered in this context included the UK Companies Act 2006, AIM regulations and
applicable tax legislation. In addition, we considered compliance with the UK Bribery Act and employee
legislation, as fundamental to the Group’s operations.
• Enquiry of management to identify any instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations.
• Enquiry of management around actual and potential litigation and claims.
• Enquiry of management concerning actual and potential litigation and claims.
• Enquiry of management to identify any instances of known or suspected instances of fraud.
• Discussing among the engagement team regarding how and where fraud might occur in the financial
statements and any potential indicators of fraud.
• Reading key correspondence with regulatory authorities such as the Financial Reporting Council.
• Performing audit work over the risk of management override of controls, including testing of journal
entries and other adjustments for appropriateness, evaluating the business rationale of significant
transactions outside the normal course of business, and reviewing accounting estimates for bias; and
31 | P a g e
• Challenging assumptions and judgements made by management in their significant accounting estimates,
in particular with respect to the valuations of investments and bonds.
A further description of our responsibilities for the financial statements is located on the FRC’s website at:
www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities . This description forms part of our auditor’s report.
Use of our report
This report is made solely to the Company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the
Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the Company’s members
those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose. To the fullest
extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the Company and the
Company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.
Andrew Moyser FCA FCCA
(Senior Statutory Auditor)
for and on behalf of MHA MacIntyre Hudson
Statutory Auditor
London
24 June 2021
32 | P a g e
GROUP INCOME STATEMENT AND STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020
Continuing operations
Revenue
Administration expenses
Other operating income
Operating loss
Finance (costs)/income
Loss before tax
Tax
Loss from continuing operations
Note
7
8
11
2020
2019
€’000
(restated)
€’000
12
12
(1,123)
24
(1,087)
(121)
(1,208)
-
(1,208)
13
13
(1,397)
-
(1,384)
760
(624)
-
(624)
TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE LOSS FOR THE YEAR
(1,208)
(624)
Earnings per share:
Basic and fully diluted loss per share (cents)
12
€0.182
€0.101
The accounting policies and notes form part of these financial statements.
33 | P a g e
GROUP AND COMPANY STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION
AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2020
Non-current assets
Investments
Total non-current assets
Current assets
Trade and other receivables
Cash and cash equivalents
Total current assets
Total assets
Current liabilities
Trade and other payables
Borrowings
Derivative financial instruments
Total current liabilities
Notes
Group
2020
Group
2019
(restated)
Company
2020
Company
2019
(restated)
13
14
15
16
17
18
€’000
€’000
€’000
€’000
980
980
5,191
-
5,191
1,117
1,117
6,604
-
6,604
434
434
841
-
841
521
521
1,493
-
1,493
6,171
7,721
1,275
2,014
(334)
-
-
(334)
(396)
(3,691)
(121)
(4,208)
(327)
-
-
(327)
(339)
(3,691)
(121)
(4,151)
Net current assets/(liabilities)
4,857
2,396
514
(2,658)
Total assets less current liabilities
5,837
3,513
948
(2,137)
Non-current liabilities
Borrowings
Total non-current liabilities
17
(8,212)
(8,212)
(5,142)
(5,142)
(8,212)
(8,212)
(5,142)
(5,142)
Total liabilities
(8,545)
(9,350)
(8,539)
(9,290)
Net (liabilities)/assets
(2,375)
(1,629)
(7,264)
(7,279)
Equity
Share capital
Share premium account
Other reserves
Retained losses
19
19
21
7,397
47,124
8,787
(65,683)
7,397
47,124
8,376
(64,526)
7,397
47,124
462
(62,247)
7,397
47,124
51
(61,851)
Total equity
(2,375)
(1,629)
(7,264)
(7,279)
An income statement for the parent company is not presented in accordance with the exemption allowed by
S408 of the Companies Act 2006. The parent company’s comprehensive loss for the financial year amounted to
€447,000 (2019: restated €144,000 profit).
The financial statements were approved by the board of directors and authorised for issue on 24 June 2021, on
its behalf by:
Francesco Gardin
Director
Company Number 03926192
34 | P a g e
The accounting policies and notes form part of these financial statements.
GROUP STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020
Group
Share
capital
€’000
Share
premium
account
€’000
Other
reserves
Retained
losses
Total
equity
€’000
€’000
€’000
At 1 January 2019
7,227
47,038
8,376
(62,416)
225
Prior year adjustment (note 25)
-
-
-
(1,486)
At 1 January 2019 (restated)
7,227
47,038
8,376
(63,902)
Total comprehensive loss
for the year
Issue of shares
At 31 December 2019 (restated)
Total comprehensive loss
for the year
Lapsed share options
Equity portion of convertible loan
notes
At 31 December 2020
-
170
7,397
-
-
-
-
86
-
-
(624)
-
47,124
8,376
(64,526)
(1,629)
-
-
-
-
(51)
462
(1,208)
(1,208)
51
-
-
462
7,397
47,124
8,787
(65,683)
(2,375)
(1,486)
(1,261)
(624)
256
The following describes the nature and purpose of each reserve:
Share capital
Share premium
Retained losses
Other reserves
Merger reserve
represents the nominal value of equity shares.
amount subscribed for share capital in excess of the nominal value.
cumulative net gains and losses less distributions made and items of other
comprehensive income not accumulated in another separate reserve.
consist of three reserves, as detailed in Note 21, see below:
relates to the difference in consideration and nominal value of shares issued
during a merger and the fair value of assets transferred in an acquisition of
90% or more of the share capital of another entity.
Loan note equity reserve
Share option reserve
relates to the equity portion of the convertible loan notes.
fair value of the employee and key personnel equity settled share option
scheme as accrued at the statement of financial position date.
The accounting policies and notes form part of these financial statements.
35 | P a g e
COMPANY STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020
Company
Share
capital
€’000
Share
premium
account
€’000
Other
reserves
Retained
losses
Total
€’000
€’000
€’000
At 1 January 2019
7,227
47,038
Prior year adjustment (note 25)
-
-
At 1 January 2019 (restated)
7,227
47,038
Total comprehensive profit
for the year
Issue of shares
At 31 December 2019 (restated)
Total comprehensive loss
for the year
Lapsed share options
Equity portion of convertible loan
notes
At 31 December 2020
-
170
7,397
-
86
47,124
-
-
-
-
-
-
7,397
47,124
51
-
51
-
-
51
-
(51)
462
462
(60,509)
(1,486)
(6,193)
(1,486)
(61,995)
(7,679)
144
144
-
(61,851)
(447)
51
-
256
(7,279)
(447)
-
462
(62247)
(7,264
The following describes the nature and purpose of each reserve:
Share capital
Share premium
Retained losses
represents the nominal value of equity shares.
amount subscribed for share capital in excess of the nominal value.
cumulative net gains and losses less distributions made and items of other
comprehensive income not accumulated in another separate reserve.
Other reserves
consist of two reserves, as detailed in Note 21, see below:
Loan note equity reserve
Share option reserve
relates to the equity portion of the convertible loan notes.
fair value of the employee and key personnel equity settled share option
scheme as accrued at the statement of financial position date.
The accounting policies and notes form part of these financial statements.
36 | P a g e
GROUP AND COMPANY STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31
DECEMBER 2020
Note
Group
2020
€’000
Group
2019
(restated)
€’000
Company
2020
€’000
Company
2019
(restated)
€’000
Cash used in operations
Loss before tax
Fair value changes in investments
Impairment of investments
Other gains and losses
Finance charges
Decrease /(increase) in receivables
(Decrease) /increase in payables
Decrease in derivatives
Net cash outflow from operating activities
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of investments
13
Net cash outflow from investing activities
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from borrowing
Repayment of borrowings
Interest paid
Net cash (outflow)/inflow from financing
activities
Net (decrease)/increase in cash for the year
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of
year
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
15
(1,208)
89
50
247
1,417
(61)
(121)
413
(2)
-
150
(561)
-
(411)
-
-
-
(624)
27
-
-
(760)
882
(78)
-
(553)
-
-
291
-
(5)
286
(267)
267
-
The accounting policies and notes form part of these financial statements.
(447)
-
89
-
247
655
(10)
(121)
413
(2)
(2)
150
(561)
-
(411)
-
-
-
144
40
-
-
(760)
(95)
118
-
(553)
-
-
291
-
(5)
286
(267)
267
-
37 | P a g e
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020
1. General Information
Quantum Blockchain Technologies plc is a company incorporated in the United Kingdom under the Companies
Act 2006. The Company’s ordinary shares are traded on AIM of the London Stock Exchange. The address of the
registered office is given on the Company Information page. The nature of the Group’s operations and its
principal activities are set out in the Directors’ report on page 12.
2. Accounting policies
The principal accounting policies are summarised below. They have all been applied consistently throughout the
period covered by these consolidated financial statements.
Basis of preparation
The consolidated Financial Statements of Quantum Blockchain Technologies plc have been prepared in
accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and International Financial Reporting
Interpretations Committee (IFRIC) in conformity with the requirements of the Companies act 2006 and the parts
of Companies Act 2006 applicable to companies reporting under IFRS.
The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention as modified by the revaluation
of assets and liabilities held at fair value.
The preparation of Financial Statements in conformity with IFRS requires the use of certain critical accounting
estimates. It also requires management to exercise its judgement in the process of applying the Group’s
accounting policies. The areas involving a higher degree of judgement or complexity, or areas where
assumptions and estimates are significant to the consolidated Financial Statements are disclosed in Note 3.
The Consolidated Financial Statements are presented in Euros (€), the presentational and functional currency,
rounded to the nearest €’000.
New standards, interpretations and amendments not yet adopted
The Group decided not to early adopt the following amendments to standards which are not yet mandatory.
Amendments to IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements: Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-
current (issued January 2020)
The amendments clarify that the classification of a liability as current or non-current is based only on rights
existing at the end of the reporting period and the classification is not affected by expectations about whether
rights to settle or defer a liability will be exercised. Further, the amendments clarify that the settlement of a
liability refers to the transfer of cash, equity instruments, other assets, or services to the counterparty. This
amendment only affects presentation.
The amendment is effective for financial years beginning on or after 1 January 2023 and is not yet endorsed for
use under the Companies Act 2006.
The Group does not expect a material impact on its consolidated financial statements from these amendments.
Amendments to IAS 16 Property, Plant and Equipment (issued in May 2020)
The amendments require any proceeds from selling items produced (and related production costs) in the course
of bringing an item property, plant and equipment into operation to be recognised in profit or loss clarifying that
such items are not reflected in the cost of the asset.
The amendment is effective for financial years beginning on or after 1 January 2022 and is not yet endorsed for
use under the Companies Act 2006.
The Group does not expect a material impact on its consolidated financial statements from these amendments.
38 | P a g e
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 (CONTINUED)
2. Accounting policies (continued)
Amendments to IAS 37 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets (issued in May 2020)
The amendments clarify that the cost of fulfilling a contract are costs that relate directly to that contract. Such
costs can be the incremental costs of fulfilling that contract or an allocation of other costs directly related to
fulfilling that contract.
The amendment is effective for financial years beginning on or after 1 January 2022 and is not yet endorsed for
use under the Companies Act 2006.
The Group does not expect a material impact on its consolidated financial statements from these amendments.
Amendments to IFRS 9, IAS 39, IFRS 7, IFRS 4 and IFRS 16 Interest Rate Benchmark Reform – Phase 2 (issued
in August 2020)
The amendments are aimed at helping companies to provide investors with useful information about the effects
of the reform of interest rate benchmarks on those companies’ financial statements.
The amendments complement those issued in 2019 and focus on the effects on financial statements when a
company replaces the old interest rate benchmark with an alternative benchmark rate as a result of the reform.
The Phase 2 amendments relate to:
•
changes to contractual cash flows—a company will not have to derecognise or adjust the carrying
amount of financial instruments for changes required by the reform, but will instead update the
effective interest rate to reflect the change to the alternative benchmark rate;
• hedge accounting—a company will not have to discontinue its hedge accounting solely because it
makes changes required by the reform, if the hedge meets other hedge accounting criteria; and
• disclosures—a company is required to disclose information about new risks arising from the reform
and how it manages the transition to alternative benchmark rates.
The amendment is effective for financial years beginning on or after 1 January 2022 and is not yet endorsed for
use under the Companies Act 2006.
The Group does not expect a material impact on its consolidated financial statements from these amendments.
Amendments to IAS 1 and IFRS Practice Statement 2 Disclosure of Accounting Policies (issued in February 2021)
The amendments enhance the disclosure requirements relating to an entity’s accounting policies and clarify that
the notes to a complete set of financial statements are required to include material accounting policy
information. Material accounting policy information, when considered with other information included in the
financial statements, can reasonably be expected to influence decisions that the primary users of financial
statements make on the basis of the financial statements. The amendments help preparers determine what
constitutes material accounting policy information and notes that accounting policy information which focuses
on how IFRS has been applied to its own circumstances is more useful for users of financial statements than
standardised information or information duplicating the requirements of IFRS.
The amendment also states that immaterial accounting policy information need not be disclosed but when it is
disclosed it shall not obscure material accounting policy information. Further, if accounting policy information is
not deemed material this does not affect the materiality of related disclosure requirements of IFRS.
The disclosure of judgements made in applying accounting policies should reflect those that have had the most
significant effect on items recognised in the financial statements.
The amendment is effective for financial years beginning on or after 1 January 2022 and is not yet endorsed for
use under the Companies Act 2006.
39 | P a g e
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 (CONTINUED)
2. Accounting policies (continued)
Amendments to IAS 8 Definition of Accounting Estimates (issued in February 2021)
The amendments define accounting estimates as monetary amounts in financial statements that are subject to
measurement uncertainty. An accounting policy may require an item in financial statements to be measured at
a monetary amount that cannot be observed directly so that in order to achieve the objective of an accounting
policy, an estimation is required.
The amendments state that the development of an accounting estimate requires the use of judgement or
assumptions based on the latest available reliable information and involve the use of measurement techniques
and inputs. Accounting estimates might then need to change as a result of new information, new developments
or more experience.
A change in input or measurement technique is a change in accounting estimate which is applied prospectively
unless the change results from the correction of prior period errors.
The amendment is effective for financial years beginning on or after 1 January 2023 and is not yet endorsed for
use under the Companies Act 2006.
Amendments to IAS 12 Deferred Tax related to Assets and Liabilities arising from a Single Transaction (issued
7 May 2021)
The amendments specify how companies should account for deferred tax on transactions such as leases and
decommissioning obligations.
In specified circumstances, companies are exempt from recognising deferred tax when they recognise assets or
liabilities for the first time. Previously, there had been some uncertainty about whether the exemption applied
to transactions such as leases and decommissioning obligations—transactions for which companies recognise
both an asset and a liability.
The amendments clarify that the exemption does not apply and that companies are required to recognise
deferred tax on such transactions. The aim of the amendments is to reduce diversity in the reporting of deferred
tax on leases and decommissioning obligations.
The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023, with early
application permitted and is not yet endorsed for use under the Companies Act 2006.
Basis of consolidation
Where the company has control over an investee, it is classified as a subsidiary. The company controls an
investee if all three of the following elements are present: power over the investee, exposure to variable returns
from the investee, and the ability of the investor to use its power to affect those variable returns. Control is
reassessed whenever facts and circumstances indicate that there may be a change in any of these elements of
control.
The consolidated financial statements present the results of the company and its subsidiaries as if they formed
a single entity. Intercompany transactions and balances between group companies are therefore eliminated in
full. All subsidiaries have a reporting date of December.
The consolidated financial statements incorporate the results of business combinations using the acquisition
method. In the statement of financial position, the acquiree's identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent
liabilities are initially recognised at their fair values at the acquisition date. The results of acquired operations
are included in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income from the date on which control is
obtained. They are deconsolidated from the date on which control ceases.
40 | P a g e
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 (CONTINUED)
2. Accounting policies (continued)
On consolidation, the results of overseas operations are translated into pounds sterling at rates approximating
to those ruling when the transactions took place. All assets and liabilities of overseas operations, including
goodwill arising on the acquisition of those operations, are translated at the rate ruling at the reporting date.
Exchange differences arising on translating the opening net assets at opening rate and the results of overseas
operations at actual rate are recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in the foreign
exchange reserve.
Exchange differences recognised profit or loss in Group entities' separate financial statements on the translation
of long-term monetary items forming part of the Group's net investment in the overseas operation concerned
are reclassified to other comprehensive income and accumulated in the foreign exchange reserve on
consolidation.
On disposal of a foreign operation, the cumulative exchange differences recognised in the foreign exchange
reserve relating to that operation up to the date of disposal are transferred to the consolidated statement of
comprehensive income as part of the profit or loss on disposal.
Investments in subsidiaries
Investments in subsidiaries are stated at cost less any provision for impairment.
Foreign currency
The functional currency is Euro. Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using
the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions or valuation where items are re-measured.
Exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation at year-
end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in the
Statement of Comprehensive Income. Exchange gains and losses that relate to borrowings and cash and cash
equivalents are presented in the income statement within ‘finance income or costs’. All other exchange gains
and losses are presented in the income statement within ‘other (losses)/gains – net’.
Changes in the fair value of monetary securities denominated in foreign currency classified as available for sale
are analysed between translation differences resulting from changes in the amortised cost of the security and
other changes in the carrying amount of the security. Translation differences related to changes in amortised
cost are recognised in profit or loss, and other changes in carrying amount are recognised in other
comprehensive income.
Taxation
The tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and any deferred tax.
Current taxes are based on the results of the Group companies and are calculated according to local tax rules,
using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the reporting date.
Deferred tax is provided in full using the financial position liability method for all taxable temporary differences
arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying values for financial reporting purposes.
Deferred tax is measured using currently enacted or substantially enacted tax rates and laws. Deferred tax is the
tax expected to be payable or recoverable on differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities
in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit and is
accounted for using the statement of financial position liability method. Deferred tax liabilities are generally
recognised for all taxable temporary differences and deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is
probable that taxable profits will be available against which deductible temporary differences can be utilised.
Such assets and liabilities are not recognised if the temporary difference arises from goodwill or from the initial
recognition (other than in a business combination) of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects
neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit.
41 | P a g e
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 (CONTINUED)
2. Accounting policies (continued)
Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent the temporary difference will reverse in the foreseeable future
and that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the asset can be utilised. Deferred
tax is recognised for all deductible temporary differences arising from investments in subsidiaries and associates,
to the extent that it is probable that the temporary difference will reverse in the foreseeable future and taxable
profit will be available against which the temporary difference can be utilised.
Revenue
The Group provides consultancy services, which are invoiced at the point of the provision of the service. Revenue
is recognised as earned at a point in time on the unconditional supply of these services, which are received and
consumed simultaneously by the customer. The Group measures revenues at the fair value of the consideration
received or receivable for the provision of consultancy services net of Value Added Tax.
Interest income
Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest
rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life
of the financial asset to that asset’s net carrying amount on initial recognition.
Financial instruments
Classification and measurement
The Company classifies its financial assets into the following categories: those to be measured subsequently at
fair value through the income statement (FVPL) and those to be held at amortised cost.
Classification depends on the business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual terms of the
cash flows.
Management determines the classification of financial assets at initial recognition. The Company’s policy with
regard to financial risk management is set out in Note 18. Generally, the Company does not acquire financial
assets for the purpose of selling in the short term.
The Company’s business model is primarily that of “hold to collect” (where assets are held in order to collect
contractual cash flows). When the Company enters into derivative contracts, these transactions are designed to
reduce exposures relating to assets and liabilities, firm commitments or anticipated transactions.
Financial Assets held at amortised cost
The classification applies to debt instruments which are held under a hold to collect business model and which
have cash flows that meet the “solely payments of principal and interest” (SPPI) criteria.
At initial recognition, trade receivables that do not have a significant financing component, are recognised at
their transaction price. Other financial assets are initially recognised at fair value plus related transaction costs,
they are subsequently measured at amortised costs using the effective interest method. Any gain or loss on
derecognition or modification of a financial asset held at amortised cost is recognised in the income statement.
Financial Assets held at fair value through profit or loss (FVPL)
The classification applies to the following financial assets. In all cases, transaction costs are immediately
expensed to the income statement.
• Debt instruments that do not meet the criteria of amortised costs or fair value through other
comprehensive income. The Company has a significant proportion of trade receivables with embedded
derivatives for professional pricing. These receivables are generally held to collect but do not meet the
SPPI criteria and as a result must be held at FVPL. Subsequent fair value gains or losses are taken to the
income statement.
42 | P a g e
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 (CONTINUED)
2. Accounting policies (continued)
•
Equity investments which are held for trading or where the FVOCI election has not been applied. All
fair value gains or losses and related dividend income are recognised in the income statement.
• Derivatives which are not designated as a hedging instrument. All subsequent fair value gains or losses
are recognised in the income statement.
Trade and other receivables
Trade and other receivables are measured at initial recognition at fair value and are subsequently measured at
amortised cost using the effective interest rate method. A provision is established when there is objective
evidence that the Group will not be able to collect all amounts due. The amount of any provision is recognised
in the income statement.
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash on hand and demand deposits and other short-term highly liquid
investments that are readily convertible to a known amount of cash and are subject to an insignificant risk of
changes in value with maturities of three months or less from inception.
Impairment of financial assets
A forward looking expected credit loss (ECL) review is required for: debt instruments measured at amortised
costs are held at fair value through other comprehensive income: loan commitments and financial guarantees
not measured at fair value through profit or loss; lease receivables and trade receivables that give rise to an
unconditional right to consideration.
As permitted by IFRS9, the Company applies the “simplified approach” to trade receivable balances and the
“general approach” to all other financial assets. The general approach incorporates a review for any significant
increase in counter party credit risk since inception. The ECL reviews including assumptions about the risk of
default and expected loss rates. For trade receivables, the assessment takes into account the use of credit
enhancements, for example, letters of credit. Impairments for undrawn loan commitments are reflected as a
provision.
Financial liabilities
Borrowings and other financial liabilities (including trade payables but excluding derivative liabilities) are
recognised initially at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred, and are subsequently measured at amortised
costs.
Convertible bonds
Convertible bonds are regarded as compound instruments, consisting of a liability component and an equity
component. At the date of issue, the fair value of the liability component is estimated using the prevailing market
interest rate for similar non-convertible debt. The difference between the proceeds of issue of the convertible
loan notes and the fair value assigned to the liability component, representing the embedded option to convert
the liability into equity of the Group, is included in equity.
Issue costs are apportioned between the liability and equity components of the convertible loan notes based on
their relative carrying amounts at the date of issue. The portion relating to the equity component is charged
directly against equity.
The interest expense on the liability component is calculated by applying the prevailing market interest rate for
similar non-convertible debt to the liability component of the instrument. The difference between this amount
and the interest paid is added to the carrying amount of the convertible loan note.
Borrowings costs
Borrowing costs are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.
43 | P a g e
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 (CONTINUED)
2. Accounting policies (continued)
Trade payables
Trade payables are initially measured at fair value, and are subsequently measured at amortised cost, using the
effective interest rate method.
Segmental reporting
In identifying its operating segments, management generally follows the Group's service lines, which represent
the main products and services provided by the Group. The measurement policies the Group uses for segment
reporting under IFRS 8 are the same as those used in its financial statements. The disclosure is based on the
information that is presented to the chief operating decision maker, which is considered to be the board of
Quantum Blockchain Technologies plc.
Provisions
Provisions are recognised when the Group has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past
event, it is probable that the Group will be required to settle that obligation and a reliable estimate can be made
of the amount of the obligation.
The amount recognised as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present
obligation at the year-end date, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation.
Equity instruments
An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the Group after deducting
all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by the Group are recorded at the proceeds received net of direct
issue costs.
Share capital account represents the nominal value of the shares issued.
The share premium account represents premiums received on the initial issuing of the share capital. Any
transaction costs associated with the issuing of shares are deducted from share premium, net of any related
income tax benefits.
Retained losses include all current and prior period results as disclosed in the statement of comprehensive
income.
Other reserves consist of the merger reserve, revaluation reserve, exchange translation reserve and loan equity
reserve.
•
•
•
•
the merger reserve represents the premium on the shares issued less the nominal value of the shares,
being the difference between the fair value of the consideration and the nominal value of the shares.
the revaluation reserve represents the difference between the purchase costs of the available for sale
investments less any impairment charge and the market or fair value of those investments at the
accounting date.
the exchange translation reserve represents the movement of items on the statement of financial
position that were denominated in foreign before translation
the loan equity reserve represents the value of the equity component of the nominal value of the loan
notes issued.
Government Grants
Grants from the government are recognised at their fair value where there is reasonable assurance that the
grant will be received and the group will comply with all attached conditions. Government grants which are
revenue in nature are recognised on a systematic basis within Other operating income in the Statement of
Comprehensive income over the period in which the group recognises as expenses the related costs for which
the grants are intended to compensate.
44 | P a g e
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 (CONTINUED)
3. Critical accounting judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty
The preparation of Financial Statements in conformity with IFRSs requires management to make judgements,
estimates and assumptions that affect the application of policies and reported amounts of assets and liabilities,
income and expenses. Estimates and judgements are continually evaluated and are based on historical
experience and other factors including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under
the circumstances.
The Group makes estimates and assumptions concerning the future. The resulting accounting estimates will, by
definition, seldom equal the related actual results. The estimates and assumptions that have a significant risk of
causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year are
discussed below.
Fair value measurement
Management uses valuation techniques to determine the fair value of financial instruments (where active
market quotes are not available) and non-financial assets. This involves developing estimates and assumptions
consistent with how market participants would price the instrument. Management bases its assumptions on
observable data as far as possible, but this is not always available. In that case management uses the best
information available. Estimated fair values may vary from the actual prices that would be achieved in an arm’s
length transaction at the reporting date.
In order to arrive at the fair value of investments a significant amount of judgement and estimation has been
adopted by the Directors as detailed in the investments accounting policy. Where these investments are un-
listed and there is no readily available market for sale the carrying value is based upon future cash flows and
current earnings multiples for which similar entities have been sold. The nature of these assumptions and the
estimation uncertainty as a result is outlined in Note 13, along with sensitivities in Note 18.
Going Concern
The Group’s activities generated a loss of €1,208,000 (2019: €624,000) and had net current assets of €4,857,000
as at 31 December 2020 (2019: €2,396,000). The Group’s operational existence is still dependent on the ability
to raise further funding either through an equity placing on AIM, or through other external sources, to support
the on-going working capital requirements.
After making due enquiries, the Directors have formed a judgement that there is a reasonable expectation that
the Group can secure further adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future
and that adequate arrangements will be in place to enable the settlement of their financial commitments, as
and when they fall due.
For this reason, the Directors continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the financial statements.
Whilst there are inherent uncertainties in relation to future events, and therefore no certainty over the outcome
of the matters described, the Directors consider that, based upon financial projections and dependant on the
success of their efforts to complete these activities, the Group will be a going concern for the next twelve
months. If it is not possible for the Directors to realise their plans, over which there is significant uncertainty,
the carrying value of the assets of the Group is likely to be impaired.
In relation to the impact of Covid-19 on the Company, the Company's employees can carry out their duties
remotely, via the network infrastructure in place. As a result, there was no disruption to the operational activities
of the Company during the Covid-19 social distancing and working from home restrictions. All key business
functions continue to operate at normal capacity.
Notwithstanding the above, the Directors note the material uncertainty in relation to the Group being unable to
realise its assets and discharge its liabilities in the normal course of business.
45 | P a g e
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 (CONTINUED)
4. Segment information
The Directors are of the opinion that under IFRS 8 - "operating segment" there are no identifiable business
segments that are subject to risks and returns different to the core business of investment management. The
information reported to the Directors, for the purposes of resource allocation and assessment of performance
is based wholly on the overall activities of the Group. Therefore, the Directors have determined that there is
only one reportable segment under IFRS 8.
The Group has not generated a material level of income and has no major customers.
5. Staff costs
Group
2020
€’000
2019
€’000
Company
2020
€’000
2019
€’000
Staff costs during the period including directors comprise:
Wages and salaries
Social security costs and pension contributions
373
2
375
277
5
282
373
2
375
6. Directors Emoluments
Aggregate emoluments
2020
€’000
323
323
277
5
282
2019
€’000
176
176
Remuneration of the highest paid Director was £267,000 (2019: £134,000)
There are no retirement benefits accruing to the Directors. Details of directors’ remuneration are included
in the Directors’ Report.
7. Expenses by nature
Directors emoluments
Employee emoluments
Legal and professional fees
Audit and accountancy fees
Administrative expenditure
Impairment of assets
46 | P a g e
2020
€’000
323
80
419
38
174
89
2019
(restated)
€’000
176
106
337
64
240
474
1,123
1,397
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 (CONTINUED)
8. Finance (costs)/income
Gain on derivatives (note 25B)
Interest on convertible bonds (note 25B)
Bank fees & revaluations
9. Auditor’s remuneration
Group Auditor’s remuneration:
Fees payable to the Group’s auditor for the audit of the Company and
consolidated financial statements:
Non audit services:
Other services (tax)
Subsidiary Auditor’s remuneration
Other services pursuant to legislation
2020
€’000
126
(247)
2019
(restated)
€’000
1,018
(253)
-
(5)
(121)
760
2020
€’000
2019
€’000
28
10
38
35
-
10
45
10. Employee numbers
Group
2020
Number
2019
Number
Company
2020
Number
2019
Number
The average number of Company’s employees, including
directors during the period was as follows:
Management and administration
4
4
4
4
47 | P a g e
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 (CONTINUED)
11. Taxation
Current taxation
Deferred taxation
Tax charge for the year
2020
€’000
2019
€’000
-
-
-
-
-
-
The Group has a potential deferred tax asset arising from unutilised management expenses available for carry
forward and relief against future taxable profits. The deferred tax asset has not been recognised in the financial
statements in accordance with the Group’s accounting policy for deferred tax.
The Group’s unutilised management expenses and capital losses carried forward at 31 December 2020 amount
to approximately €18 million (2019: €22 million) and €8 million (2019: €9 million) respectively.
The standard rate of tax for the current year, based on the UK effective rate of corporation tax is 19% (2019:
19%). The actual tax for the current and previous year varies from the standard rate for the reasons set out in
the following reconciliation:
Continuing operations
Loss for the year before tax
Tax on ordinary activities at standard rate
Effects of:
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes
Foreign taxes
Tax losses available for carry forward against future profits
Total tax
2020
€’000
2019
(restated)
€’000
(1,208)
(229)
65
164
-
(624)
(118)
-
-
118
-
The UK government has announced that the corporation tax rate will increase from 19% to 25% with effect
from 1 April 2023.
48 | P a g e
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 (CONTINUED)
12. Earnings per share
The basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the loss attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted
average number of ordinary shares in issue during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the
weighted average number of shares during the period adjusted for the dilutive effect of share options and
convertible loans outstanding during the period.
The loss and weighted average number of shares used in the calculation are set out below:
Profit/
(Loss)
€’000
2020
Weighted
average no.
of shares
000’s
Per share
Amount
Euro
Profit/
(Loss)
(restated)
€’000
2019
Weighted
average no.
of shares
000’s
Per share
Amount
Euro
Basic and fully diluted earnings per share
Continuing operations
Total operations
(1,208)
1,208)
662,371
662,371
(€0.182)
(€0.182)
(624)
(624)
618,891
618,891
(€0.101)
(€0.101)
IAS 33 requires presentation of diluted earnings per share when a company could be called upon to issue shares
that would decrease earnings per share. In respect of 2020 and 2019 the diluted loss per share is the same as
the basic loss per share as the loss for each year has an anti-dilutive effect.
13. Investments
The significant entities for which the Group owns shares, including the parent company, held at 31 December
2020 were as follows:
Group Companies
Ownership Country
Company Status
Net
Assets/(Liabilities)
€,000
Date of
latest
accounts
Treatment
Parent Company
(6,753)
2019
Consolidated
Quantum Blockchain
Technologies PLC
Brainspark Associates
Ltd
100.00%
Clear Leisure 2017 Ltd 100.00%
100.00%
Milan Digital Twin Ltd 100.00%
London Digital Twin
Ltd
100.00%
UK
UK
UK
UK
UK
Clear Holiday Srl
100.00%
Italy
100.00%
100.00%
UK
Luxembourg
71.72%
99.30%
84.04%
73.40%
52.00%
50.17%
36.94%
20.00%
10.00%
4.53%
15.05%
0.25%
Luxembourg
Italy
Inactive
In liquidation
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Israel
Italy
Italy
Liquidated
Liquidated
In liquidation
In liquidation
Liquidated
Investment
Investment
Investment
Investment
Investment
Miner One
Alnitak S.A
Mediapolis
Investment S.A
Sosushi Company Srl
Fallimento Mediapolis
Srl
ORH S.P.A
Birdland Srl
Sipiem S.P.A
Bibop Srl
ForCrowd Srl
PBV Monitor
Geosim Systems
Beni Immobili Srl
TLT S.P.A
49 | P a g e
Trading
Trading
Incorporated in
2019
Incorporated in
2019
Dormant/
Inactive
Dormant
Inactive
(669)
36,245
2019
2019
Consolidated
Consolidated
Nil
Nil
10
-
(8)
(6,648)
654
1,204
1,718
(288)
645
(211)
74
166
(330)
14
(2,476)
N/A
Consolidated
N/A
2014
2018
2014
2010
2013
2016
2012
2016
2014
2017
2018
2019
2018
2014
2016
Consolidated
Not Consolidated
Consolidated
Not Consolidated
Not Consolidated
Not Consolidated
Not Consolidated
Not Consolidated
Not Consolidated
Not Consolidated
No fair value
Held at fair value
Held at fair value
Held at fair value
No fair value
No fair value
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 (CONTINUED)
13. Investments (continued)
The registered office of all UK companies is: 22 Great James Street, London, England, WC1N 3ES.
The registered office for Clear Holiday Srl is Viale Francesco Restelli 1/3, Milano (MI), 20124.
The registered office for Alintak S.A. is Route d’Esch, 412F, 2086, Luxembourg.
The registered office for Mediapolis Investment S.A is Rue Val des Bons Malades 231, 2121, Luxembourg-
Kirchberg.
The registered office for Sosushi Company Srl is Via Parravicini 40, Monza (MB), 20900.
The registered office for Fallimento Mediapolis Srl is Via Friuli 10, Burtolo (TO), 10010.
The registered office for ORH Spa is Via Ponte Vetero 21, Milano (MI), 20121.
The registered office for Birdland Srl is Via Quaranta 40, Milano (MI), 20139.
The registered office for Sipiem SPA is Via Mazzini 4, Rovigo (RO), 45100.
The registered office for Bibop Srl is Via Bernardo Quaranta 40, Milano (MI), 20139.
The registered office for Forcrowd Srl is Via Vincenzo Monti 52, Milano (MI), 20123.
The registered office for PBV Monitor Srl is Via Matteotti 13, Brebbia (VA), 21020.
The registered office for Geosim Systems Limited is Granit St. Petach-Tikva 4951446, Israel.
The registered office for Beni Immobili Srl is Via Torino 58, Biella (BI), 13900.
The registered office for TLT SPA is Via Trento 5, Biella (BI), 13900.
50 | P a g e
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 (CONTINUED)
13. Investments (continued)
The directors have assessed the group’s interests in other entities on an individual basis and come to the overall
conclusions as detailed in the table below. Please see the note narrative for additional information on an entity
by entity basis.
Quantum Blockchain Technologies PLC
This entity is the UK based group parent and has therefore been included in the consolidation.
Brainspark Associates Limited
This entity is a 100% owned UK incorporated subsidiary of Quantum Blockchain Technologies PLC and has been
included in the consolidation.
Clear Leisure 2017 Limited
This entity is a 100% owned UK incorporated subsidiary of Quantum Blockchain Technologies PLC and has been
included in the consolidation.
Milan Digital Twin Limited
This entity is a 100% owned UK company which has been incorporated on 30 December 2019 with its first
accounts made up to 31 December 2020. This entity only includes unpaid share capital and has not begun
operating. It has been included in the consolidation with an overall impact of nil.
London Digital Twin Limited
This entity is a 100% owned UK company which has been incorporated on 30 December 2019 with its first
accounts made up to 31 December 2020. This entity only includes unpaid share capital and has not begun
operating. It has been included in the consolidation with an overall impact of nil.
Clear Holiday Srl
Clear Holiday Srl is a 100% owned subsidiary of the group incorporated in Italy. However, this entity has not
been consolidated on the basis that it is immaterial to the group financial statements. The balances held within
the company are not with external third parties and therefore the overall impact on the accounts would be
trivial.
Miner One Limited
Miner One Limited is a UK based entity, which was initially set up as a 50% joint venture with 64Bit. During the
year, the other 50% shareholding has been acquired from the partner and now it is 100% owned. The entity
itself was initially set up with the hope of transferring certain assets, notably a data centre located in Serbia into
its possession. However, due to disputes with the previous joint venture partner this did not materialise. In 2019
this entity remained dormant and did not trade during the year. This entity only includes unpaid share capital
and has not begun operating, it has been included in the consolidation with an overall impact of nil.
Alnitak S.A.
Alnitak S.A. is a 100% owned subsidiary incorporated in Luxemburg. The company itself is inactive, being kept
registered mainly because of a claim filed by the former sole Director. The initial ruling, after losing the case in
the first instance has been appealed by Alnitak S.A., but is similar to another claim previously won by Quantum
Blockchain Technologies in the Rome court where all legal costs were settled by the claimant.
Although the entity is inactive, there is no active management in Luxemburg and therefore Quantum Blockchain
Technologies has also had difficulty formally liquidating the company. The net liability position of Alnitak S.A is
immaterial to the group and the balances are largely internal. Therefore, the non-consolidation of this entity is
deemed to be immaterial to the group.
On 25 February 2021 Alnitak S.A. has entered a liquidation process and the Group does not expect any further
assets or liabilities to arise from these proceedings.
51 | P a g e
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 (CONTINUED)
13. Investments (continued)
Mediapolis Investment S.A.
Mediapolis Investment S.A. is a 71.72% owned subsidiary incorporated in Luxembourg. The company itself is
inactive and is not trading. Previous management failed to pay accountants and local directors for the previous
six years and no financial statements have been filed for over seven years. Although this entity is inactive and
71.72% of the shares are held by the group, there is no active management in Luxembourg, and this has led to
a difficulty in finalizing a liquidation.
The most recent accounts available were produced in 2010 and the main asset held by the entity is the
investment of 13% of the capital in another former group company, Fallimento Mediapolis Srl, which has been
liquidated. This investment is carried at approximately EUR6.6m and has been impaired to nil. Therefore, the
non-consolidation of this entity is deemed to be immaterial to the group.
On 6 May 2021 Mediapolis Investment S.A. has entered a liquidation process and the Group does not expect
any further assets or liabilities to arise from these proceedings.
Sosushi Company Srl
Sosushi Company Srl is a 99.3% owned entity incorporated in Italy. The company is in the process of liquidation
and will be liquidated once certain ongoing legal matters have been resolved. No accounts have been approved
for this company since 2014, when the process of liquidation begun. Accounting information was never passed
to the sole director despite several requests to the accountant. Further actions have now been taken to resolve
the issues around accounting information and a new accountant has been appointed. Due to the liquidation, it
is deemed that there is no control by the group over the entity and therefore the financial information for
Sosushi Company Srl has not been consolidated into the group financial statements. The investment in Sosushi
Company Srl is accounted at fair value through profit or loss.
On 24 June 2021, the Company received notification that Sosushi has been declared bankrupt. The Company is
now considering if appeal or not.
Sosushi’s bankruptcy will have no impact on the Company’s balance sheet, as the receivables remain collectable,
and the litigation is held via Clear Leisure 2017.
Fallimento Mediapolis Srl
Fallimento Mediapolis Srl is a 84.04% equivalent owned entity incorporated in Italy. Quantum Blockchain
Technologies Plc holds directly 74.67% of the capital of the company whilst a 13% stake is held via Mediapolis
Investment S.A as noted above. The company was liquidated in 2017 and therefore this is the date from which
control is deemed to have been lost. Therefore, the financial information for Fallimento Mediapolis Srl has not
been consolidated into the group financial statements. The investment in Fallimento Mediapolis Srl is accounted
at fair value through profit or loss.
ORH S.P.A
ORH S.P.A was a 73.4% owned entity incorporated in Italy. The company was liquidated in 2013 and therefore
this is the date from which control is deemed to have been lost. Therefore, the financial information for ORH
S.P.A has not been consolidated into the group financial statements. The investment in ORH S.P.A is accounted
at fair value through profit or loss.
Birdland Srl
Birdland Srl is a 52% owned entity incorporated in Italy. The stake in the entity is indirectly owned via Brainspark
Associates Limited. The company was placed into liquidation in 2017 and therefore this is the date from which
control is deemed to have been lost. Therefore, the financial information for Birdland Srl has not been
consolidated into the group financial statements. The investment in Birdland Srl is accounted at fair value
through profit or loss.
52 | P a g e
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 (CONTINUED)
13. Investments (continued)
Sipiem S.P.A
Sipiem S.P.A is a 50.17% owned entity incorporated in Italy. The entity has not been trading for a number of
years and has only been maintained due to the ongoing legal matters with the former directors. An amount
receivable has been recognised at the group level relating to the part of the claim which is payable to Quantum
Blockchain Technologies PLC. The company is now in liquidation which commenced in 2015. Therefore, this is
the date from which control is deemed to have been lost. Therefore, the financial information for Sipiem S.P.A
has not been consolidated into the group financial statements. The investment in Sipiem S.P.A is accounted at
fair value through profit or loss.
Bibop Srl
Bibop Srl is a 36.94% equivalent owned investment in a company incorporated in Italy. Birldand Srl holds a
majority stake in the capital of the company. As Birdland Srl is in liquidation the group does not control or
exercise significant influence on Bipop Srl and, accordingly the company is not consolidated, or equity accounted
in the group financial statements. As the investment is not held directly by the group, no value is recognised in
the financial statements.
ForCrowd Srl
ForCrowd Srl is a 20% owned investment in an entity incorporated in Italy. This is a new investment which has
been acquired during the year and has been recognised in the accounts at its fair value.
The value of the investment under equity accounting approximates its cost, as the associate has not started
significant operations prior to 31 December 2019. Under this method the amount recognised is €132,000 (2019:
€221,090).
This cost has been assessed in relation to the last (and only) equity round of the company in October 2019, in
which the entire post money valuation of the company was €1,105,450, with Quantum Blockchain Technologies
directly holding the 20% of such amount.
PBV Monitor Srl
PBV Monitor Srl is a 10% owned investment in an entity incorporated in Italy. The investment has been
recognised in the accounts at its fair value.
The Fair Value of PBV Monitor €302,000, (2019: €300,000) has been assessed in relation to the last equity round
of the company in early 2020, in which the entire post money valuation of the company was €3,020,000, with
Quantum Blockchain Technologies directly holding the 10% of such amount.
The post money valuation at which the Company invested in 2018 was €340,000, which also represented the
Company’s valuation of PBV in Pre Covid-19 conditions. The difference between this original value and the
current Fair Value is not attributable to a change of fundamentals to the business. Similarly, the progress made
in 2020 has not highlighted any significant divergence from the original business plan.
The difference in the valuation is therefore attributable to lower value attributed to the company during the
2020 equity round. The key assumptions underpinning the equity round at the start of 2020 remain applicable.
The Fair Value assessment of PBV Monitor, is directly related to the company’s valuation in future rounds.
Geosim Systems Limited
Geosim Systems Limited is a 4.53% owned investment in an entity incorporated in Israel. The investment has
been recognised in the accounts through its fair value and is held via Brainspark Associates Limited.
The Fair Value of Geosim (€546,212, 2019: €596,045) has been assessed in relation to the last equity round of
the company in 2018, in which Quantum Blockchain Technologies’ 533,990 Geosim shares have been valued at
$1.25 each. The difference in the valuation between 2020 and 2019, attributable to the variance in the EUR/USD
exchange rate.
53 | P a g e
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 (CONTINUED)
13. Investments (continued)
The Fair Value assessment of Geosim is directly related to the company’s valuation in future rounds and to the
EUR/USD exchange rate.
Beni Immobili Srl
Beni Immobili Srl a 15.05% equivalent owned investment in an entity incorporated in Italy. The shares in this
company are held via Sipiem S.P.A. No fair value is recognised for this investment as the entity has minimal net
assets and the valuation would be trivial to the consolidated financial statements. Moreover, as the investment
is held via Sipiem S.P.A, which is in liquidation, the investment should not be recognised as an asset.
TLT S.P.A
TLT S.P.A is a 0.25% owned investment based in Italy. No fair value is recognised for this investment as the entity
has a large net liability position and due to the small shareholding, any potential valuation would be trivial to
the consolidated financial statements. Moreover, as the investment is held via Sipiem S.P.A, which is in
liquidation, the investment should not be recognised as an asset.
At as 1 January
Additions
Foreign exchange
Impairment of investments
Carrying value at 31 December
Group
Company
2020
2019
2020
2019
1,117
2
(50)
(89)
980
€’000
923
221
-
(27)
1,117
€’000
340
221
-
(40)
521
521
2
-
(89)
434
An amount of €546,212 (2019: €596,045) included within Group investments held for trading is a level 3
investment and represents the fair value of 533,990 shares in GeoSim Systems Ltd. GeoSim Systems Ltd is an
Israeli company seeking to establish itself as the world leader in building complete and photorealistic 3D virtual
cities and in delivering them through the Internet for use in local searches, real estate and city planning,
homeland security, tourism and entertainment. Quantum Blockchain Technologies owns 4.53% of GeoSim
Systems Ltd.
An amount of €302,000 (2019: €300,000) included within Company investments held for trading is a level 3
investment and represents the fair value of a 10% interest in PBV Monitor Srl (“PBV”). PBV is an Italian company
specialising in the acquisition and dissemination of data for the legal services industry, utilising proprietary
market intelligence tools and dedicated search software. Quantum Blockchain Technologies acquired 10% of
PBV in December 2018. As part of the investment agreement, Quantum Blockchain Technologies was granted
a seat on the board of PBV and was appointed as exclusive advisor to PBV regarding the possible sale of PBV
from 1 January 2020 for a period of four years and will be entitled to a 4% commission fee on the proceeds of
any sale.
54 | P a g e
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 (CONTINUED)
14. Trade and other receivables
Trade receivables
Other receivables
Amounts owed by related parties
Group
Company
2020
€’000
9
4,620
562
5,191
2019
€’000
5
6,102
497
6,604
2020
€’000
-
40
801
841
2019
€’000
-
45
1,448
1,493
Group other receivables includes and amount of €4,445,000 (2019: €4,445,000) due in relation to the ongoing
Sipiem legal claim, which is unsecured, interest free and does not have fixed terms of repayment; and an
amount of €132,000 (2019: €1,613,000) due in relation to the Fallimento Mediapolis Srl bankruptcy procedure.
The Directors consider that the carrying value of trade and other receivables approximates to their fair value.
15. Cash and cash equivalents
Cash at bank and in hand
Group
2020
€’000
-
-
2019
€’000
-
-
Company
2020
€’000
-
-
2019
€’000
-
-
The Directors consider the carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents approximates to their fair value.
16. Trade and other payables
Trade payables
Other payables
Accruals
Trade and other payables
Group
2020
€’000
124
143
67
334
Company
2020
€’000
124
141
2019
€’000
205
124
67
62
396
327
2019
€’000
205
72
62
339
The Directors consider that the carrying value of trade and other payables approximates to their fair value.
55 | P a g e
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 (CONTINUED)
17. Borrowings
Zero rate convertible bond 2015
Zero rate convertible bond 2020
Convertible loan note
Other borrowings
Disclosed as:
Current borrowings
Non-current borrowings
Group
2020
€’000
5,197
3,015
-
-
8,212
-
8,212
8,212
2019
(restated)
€’000
5,142
-
3,691
-
8,833
3,691
5,142
8,833
Company
2020
2019
(restated)
€’000
€’000
5,197
3,015
-
-
8,212
-
8,212
8,212
5,142
-
3,691
-
8,833
3,691
5,142
8,833
Interest on the bonds is payable annually on 31 March each year. The bonds at 31 December 2020 include all
interest accrued to that date. The unpaid interest together with accrued interest to 31 December 2020 is
included within current liabilities.
On 25 March 2013 the Company issued €3,000,000 nominal value of zero rate convertible bonds at a discount
of 22%. The bonds are convertible at 15p per share and have a redemption date of 15 December 2015.
During 2014 the Company issued €1,885,400 zero bonds in settlement of £1,563,000 7% bonds (see above).
Also €600,000 zero bonds were issued in settlement of a debt of €518,000 and €450,000 bonds were issued for
cash realising €412,000 before expenses.
On 15 December 2015 the bondholders meeting approved the amendments on the Zero Rate Convertible Bond
2015, originally due on 15 December 2015; Under new terms the final maturity date of the Bond is 15 December
2017 and the interest has been reduced from 9.5% to 7%.
On 15 December 2016 the bondholders meeting approved the amendments on the Zero Rate Convertible Bond
2015, originally due on 15 December 2017; Under new terms the final maturity date of the Bond is 15 December
2018 and the interest has been reduced from 7% to 1%.
On 19 June 2018, the holders of its €9.9m Bonds agreed to extend the final maturity date of the Bonds from 15
December 2018 to 15 December 2022. The Company is now able to convert the Bonds into new ordinary shares
of 0.25p each.
On 28 December 2018, bonds with a face value of €2,100,000 plus cumulative interest were converted into
50,992,826 new ordinary shares of 0.25 pence at a price of 3.76 pence per share.
On 5 October 2020, Eufingest SA agreed to extend the repayment date of all loans advanced to the company
amounting to €3,375,000 and £30,000 to 31 October 2020.
On 9 November 2020 Eufingest SA agreed to convert all outstanding loans and accrued interest amounting to
€3,423,707 into Zero rate convertible bond 2020. The Zero Coupon Bonds 2020 accrue interest at a rate of 2%
per annum. Bondholders and convert at any time up to 15 December 2022 at a conversion price of £0.01 per
share. The Zero rate convertible bond 2020 is accounted for as a financial instrument with both debt and equity
characteristics. The debt element was valued using a market rate assessed by the Directors of 7.99%.
56 | P a g e
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 (CONTINUED)
17. Borrowings (continued)
Key Assumptions
The derivative element of the Zero Coupon Bonds 2015 and the Convertible loans were valued at each year end
using the Black Scholes option pricing model. The following assumptions were used at each period end.
Convertible loans
Share price
Expected life
Volatility
Dividend yield
Risk free interest rate
Fair value
2020
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
During 2020 the convertible loan were converted Zero Coupon Bonds 2020
Zero Coupon Bonds 2015
Share price
Expected life
Volatility
Dividend yield
Risk free interest rate
Fair value
18. Financial instruments
2020
0.0265p
3 years
70%
0%
(0.03)%
0p
2019
0.3p
3 years
60%
0%
0.55%
0.0343p
2019
0.3p
3 years
60%
0%
0.55%
0p
The Group’s financial instruments comprise cash, investments at fair value through profit or loss, trade
receivables, trade payables that arise from its operations and borrowings. The main purpose of these financial
instruments is to provide finance for the Group’s future investments and day to day operational needs.
The Group does not enter into any derivative transactions such as interest rate swaps or forward foreign
exchange contracts, as the Group’s exposure to movements in foreign exchange rates is not considered
significant (see Foreign currency risk management). The main risks faced by the Group are limited to interest
rate risk on surplus cash deposits and liquidity risk associated with raising sufficient funding to meet the
operational needs of the business.
57 | P a g e
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 (CONTINUED)
18. Financial instruments (continued)
The Board reviews and agrees policies for managing these risks and they are summarised below.
FINANCIAL ASSETS BY CATEGORY
The categories of financial assets included in the statement of financial position and the headings in which
they are included are as follows:
Financial assets:
Financial assets held at fair value through profit and loss
Trade and other receivables
Cash and cash equivalents
2020
€’000
980
5,191
-
6,171
2019
€'000
1,117
6,604
-
7,721
FINANCIAL LIABILITIES BY CATEGORY
The categories of financial liabilities included in the statement of financial position and the headings in which
they are included are as follows:
Financial liabilities at amortised cost:
Trade and other payables
Borrowings
Derivative
Financial instruments measured at fair value:
As at 31 December 2020
Investments at fair value through profit or loss
As at 31 December 2019
Investments at fair value through profit or loss
Derivatives at fair value through profit or loss
2020
€'000
334
8,212
-
8,546
2019
(restated)
€'000
396
8,883
121
9,400
Level 1
€’000
Level 2
€’000
Level 3
€’000
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
980
980
-
(121)
(121)
1,117
-
1,117
58 | P a g e
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 (CONTINUED)
18. Financial instruments (continued)
The valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs used in determining the fair value measurement
of level 2 and level 3 financial instruments, as well as the inter-relationship between key unobservable inputs
and fair value, are set out in the table below.
Financial Instruments
Investments
Derivative
technique
Valuation
used
Based on issue of shares
in the investments held
by
and
the Group
directors assessment on
the
recoverability of
loans.
Black Scholes valuation
to
model was used
calculate
of
options at the year end
value
Significant unobservable
inputs (Level 3 only)
Assessment
recoverability of loan.
of
relationship
Inter
–
between
key
unobservable inputs and
fair value (level 3 only)
If loan was considered
not to be recoverable
this would result in the
fair
in
reduction
value of the investment.
the
Not applicable
Not applicable
The Group has adopted fair value measurements using the IFRS 7 fair value hierarchy.
Categorisation within the hierarchy has been determined on the basis of the lowest level of input that is
significant to the fair value measurement of the relevant asset as follows:
Level 1:
Level 2:
Level 3:
valued using quoted prices in active markets for identical assets;
valued by reference to valuation techniques using observable inputs other than quoted prices
included in Level 1;
valued by reference to valuation techniques using inputs that are not based on observable markets
criteria.
The Level 3 investment refers to an investment in GeoSim Systems Ltd, PBV Monitor Srl, and ForCrowd Srl.
Capital risk management
The Group manages its capital to ensure that entities in the Group will be able to continue as going concerns
while maximising the return to stakeholders through optimisation of the debt and equity balance. The capital
structure of the Group consists of debt attributable to convertible bondholders, borrowings, cash and cash
equivalents, and equity attributable to equity holders of the Group, comprising issued capital, reserves and
retained earnings, all as disclosed in the Statement of Financial Position.
Significant accounting policies
Details of the significant accounting policies and methods adopted, including the criteria for recognition, the
basis of measurement and the basis on which income and expenses are recognised, in respect of each class of
financial asset, financial liability and equity instrument disclosed in Note 2 to the financial statements.
Financial risk management objectives
The Company is exposed to a variety of financial risks which result from both its operating and investing
activities. The Group’s risk management is coordinated by the board of directors and focuses on actively
securing the Company’s short- and medium-term cash flows by raising liquid capital to meet current liability
obligations.
59 | P a g e
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 (CONTINUED)
18. Financial instruments (continued)
Market price risk
The Company’s exposure to market price risk mainly arises from movements in the fair value of its investments
held for trading. The Group manages the investment price risk within its long-term investment strategy to
manage a diversified exposure to the market. If the investments were to experience a rise or fall of 15% in their
fair value, this would result in the Group’s net asset value and statement of comprehensive income increasing
or decreasing by €160,000 (2019: €167,000).
Liquidity risk management
Ultimate responsibility for liquidity risk management rests with the Board of Directors, which monitors the
Group’s short, medium and long-term funding and liquidity management requirements on an appropriate basis.
The Group has minimal cash balances at the reporting date (refer to Note 2 – Basis of preparation and going
concern). The Group continues to secure future funding and cash resources from disposals as and when required
in order to meet its cash requirements. This is an on-going process and the directors are confident with their
cash flow models.
The following are the undiscounted contractual maturities of financial liabilities:
As at 31 December 2020
Trade and other payables
Borrowings
As at 31 December 2019
Trade and other payables
Borrowings (restated)
Carrying
Amount
€’000
Less than 1
year
€’000
Between
1 and 5 years
€’000
334
-
334
396
-
396
334
-
334
396
3,750
4,146
-
8,633
8,633
-
5,149
5,149
Total
€’000
334
8,633
8,967
396
8,899
9,295
Management believes that based on the information provided in Notes 2 and 3 – in the ‘Basis of preparation’
and ‘Going concern’, that future cash flows from operations will be adequate to support these financial liabilities.
Interest rate risk
The Group and Company manage the interest rate risk associated with the Group cash assets by ensuring that
interest rates are as favourable as possible, whilst managing the access the Group requires to the funds for
working capital purposes.
The Group’s cash and cash equivalents are subject to interest rate exposure due to changes in interest rates.
Short-term receivables and payables are not exposed to interest rate risk. The borrowings are at fixed interest
rates.
Group
2020
6,171
8,212
2019
€’000
7,721
8,428
Company
2020
1,275
8,212
2019
€’000
2,014
8,428
Fixed rate instruments
Financial assets
Financial liabilities
60 | P a g e
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 (CONTINUED)
18. Financial instruments (continued)
Change in interest rates will affect the Group’s income statement as follows:
Group
Euribor +0.5% / -0.5%
Gain / (loss)
2020
2019
€’000
- / -
-/-
The analysis was applied to financial liabilities based on the assumption that the amount of liability outstanding
as at the reporting date was outstanding for the whole year.
Foreign currency risk management
The Group undertakes certain transactions denominated in currencies other than Euro, hence exposures to
exchange rate fluctuations arise. Amounts due to fulfil contractual obligations of £Nil (2019: £Nil) are
denominated in sterling. An adverse movement in the exchange rate will impact the ultimate amount payable, a
10% increase or decrease in the rate would result in a profit or loss of £Nil (2019: £Nil). The Group’s functional
and presentational currency is the Euro as it is the currency of its main trading environment, and most of the
Group’s assets and liabilities are denominated in Euro. The parent company is located in the sterling area.
Credit risk management
The Group’s financial instruments, which are subject to credit risk, are considered to be trade and other
receivables. There is a risk that the amount to be received becomes impaired. The Group’s maximum exposure
to credit risk is €5,191,000 (2019: €6,604,000) comprising receivables during the period. About 67% (2018: 59%)
of total receivables are due from a single company. The ageing profile of trade receivables was:
Group
Current
Overdue more than one year
Company
Current
Overdue more than one year
2020
2019
Total book
value
€’000
5,191
-
5,191
Allowance
for
impairment
€’000
-
-
-
Total book
value
€’000
6,604
-
6,604
Allowance
for
impairment
€’000
-
-
-
841
-
841
1,493
-
-
-
1,493
-
-
-
61 | P a g e
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 (CONTINUED)
19. Share capital and share premium
ISSUED AND FULLY
PAID:
Number of
ordinary
shares
Number of
deferred
shares
At 1 January 2019
604,152,600
199,409,377
Ordinary
share
capital
€’000
1,760
Deferred
share
capital
€’000
5,467
Share
premium
€’000
Total
€’000
47,038
54,265
Issue of shares
Issue of shares
4,000,000
54,218,847
-
-
12
158
-
-
23
63
35
221
At 31 December 2019
662,371,447
199,409,377
1,930
5,467
47,124
54,521
Issue of shares
-
-
-
-
-
-
At 31 December 2020
662,371,447
199,409,377
1,930
5,467
47,124
54,521
All ordinary shares carry equal rights.
The deferred shares have restricted rights such that they have no economic value.
Shares issued for the year ended 31 December 2019:
On 29 August 2019, 4,000,000 new ordinary shares of 0.25 pence per share were issued to F Gardin, in
settlement of part of his 2018 remuneration.
On 3 October 2019, the Company issued 54,218,847 new ordinary shares of 0.25p as consideration for the
acquisition of 20% interest in ForCrowd Srl, an Italian equity crowdfunding platform based in Milan.
20. Share based payments
The total share-based payment expense recognised in the income statement for the year ended 31 December
2020 in respect of the share options granted was €Nil (2019: €Nil).
The tables below disclose the movements in share options during the year.
Number of
options at
1 Jan 2020
10,000,000
3,000,000
Granted
in the year
−
−
Exercised
in the year
−
−
Lapsed
in the year
10,000,000
3,000,000
Number of
options at
31 Dec 2020
−
−
13,000,000
−
−
13,000,000
−
Exercise
Price, pence
N/A
N/A
N/A
Expiry
date
N/A
N/A
N/A
Number of
options at
1 Jan 2019
10,000,000
3,000,000
Granted
in the year
−
−
Exercised
in the year
−
−
Cancelled
in the year
−
−
Number of
options at
31 Dec 2019
10,000,000
3,000,000
Exercise
Price, pence
1.25
1.25
Expiry
date
31.07.2020
31.07.2020
13,000,00
−
−
−
13,000,000
The remaining contractual life at 31 December 2020 is nil years (31 December 2019 – 0.5 years).
The share options have now lapsed and share based reserve has now been transferred to retained earnings.
62 | P a g e
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 (CONTINUED)
21. Other reserves
The Group considers its capital to comprise ordinary share capital, share premium, retained losses and its
convertible bonds. In managing its capital, the Group’s primary objective is to maintain a sufficient funding
base to enable the Group to meet its working capital and strategic investment needs. In making decisions to
adjust its capital structure to achieve these aims, through new share issues, the Group considers not only their
short-term position but also their long-term operational and strategic objectives.
Group
At 1 January 2019
Transfer of reserves
Merger
reserve
€’000
8,325
Loan note
equity
reserve
€’000
43
Share
option
reserve
€’000
51
-
(43)
At 31 December 2019
8,325
Transfer of reserves
Equity portion of convertible
loan notes
-
-
At and 31 December 2020
8,325
-
-
462
462
Total other
reserves
€’000
8,419
(43)
8,376
(51)
462
8,787
-
51
(51)
-
-
Company
At 1 January 2019 and 31 December 2019
Transfer of reserves
Equity portion of convertible loan notes
At 31 December 2020
Loan note
equity
reserve
€’000
-
-
462
462
Share
option
reserve
€’000
51
(51)
-
-
Total other
reserves
€’000
51
(51)
462
462
Transfers to reserve relate to share based payments on share options that have now lapsed.
22. Ultimate controlling party
The Group considers that there is no ultimate controlling party.
63 | P a g e
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 (CONTINUED)
23. Related party transactions
Transactions between the company and its subsidiaries, which are related parties have been eliminated on
consolidation, but are disclosed where they relate to the parent company. These transactions along with
transactions between the company and its investment holdings are disclosed in the table below, with all
amounts being presented in Euros and being owed to the Group:
Related party
Clear Leisure 2017 Limited
Sipiem S.P.A
Sosushi Company Srl
PBV Monitor Srl
Geosim Systems Limited
64-Bit Limited (JV partner)
2020
Group
2019
Group
2020
Company
2019
Company
-
386,697
-
340,017
180,691
386,697
951,243
340,017
118,033
107,402
118,033
-
5,000
-
107,402
5,000
46,068
44,671
46,068
44,671
- -
-
550,798
497,091
731,489
1,448,334
On 29 August 2019, 4,000,000 new ordinary shares of 0.25 pence per share were issued to F Gardin at a price of
0.75 pence per share, in settlement of part of his 2018 remuneration.
During the year, Metals Analysis Limited, a company in which R Eccles is a Director, charged Quantum
Blockchain Technologies Plc €33,679 (2019: €49,833) for consultancy fees. The amount owed from Metals
Analysis Limited at year end is €3,563 (2019: €14,631).
In 2019 the shareholder loan as disclosed in Note 17 ‘Borrowings’ is a loan provided by Eufingest which has a
14.28% shareholding also has an outstanding loan for €3,750,000.
Included in trade and other payables is an amount of €Nil (2019; €14,427) owed to Mr F Gardin, Director.
Remuneration of key management personnel
The remuneration of the directors, who are the key personnel of the group, is included in the Directors Report.
Under “IAS 24: Related party disclosures”, all their remuneration is in relation to short-term employee benefits.
24. Events after the reporting date
The Company, at the beginning of the year, was notified that the Bologna Court elected to continue CL17 €1.03
million legal claim against the previous management of Sosushi through an arbitration process, which will
provide a legally binding decision on the matter that formally started on 18th January 2021.
In the same period, CL17 (at the conclusion of the mandatory public bidding process), was assigned a legal claim
against Mediapolis former management and internal audit committee, for a consideration of €50,000 to be
deducted from the amount still receivable from the Mediapolis Bankruptcy procedure.
On 11 February 2021, the Company raised £680,000 (before expenses) through the placing of 113,333,333 new
ordinary shares of 0.25p each at a price of 0.60p per share.
On 22 February 2021, the Company raised £1,000,000 (before expenses) through the placing of 100,000,000
new ordinary shares of 0.25p at a price of 1p per share to an individual investor, John Story. Mr Story was also
granted 100,000,000 warrants over the Company’s shares which will entitle the warrant holder to one new
share at a price of 2p per share. The warrants are exercisable for a period of 2 years.
On the same date the Company issued 10,526,316 and 11,320,755 Ordinary Shares in the Company to Francesco
Gardin, respectively at a price of 0.285 pence per new Ordinary Share (closing price at 31/12/2019) in settlement
of £30,000 being his 2019 remuneration payable through the issue of Ordinary Shares, and at a price per share
of 0.265 pence per new Ordinary Share (closing price at 31/12/2020) in settlement of £30,000 being his 2020
remuneration payable through the issue of Ordinary Shares.
64 | P a g e
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 (CONTINUED)
24. Events after the reporting date (continued)
On 14 April 2021, the Company issued a Notice of General Meeting to seek approval to:
• Amend the Company’s Investing Policy to be focused on Blockchain, Cryptocurrency, Quantum
Computing and AI.
Change the Company’s name from Clear Leisure to Quantum Blockchain Technologies plc.
•
• Authorise the granting of options to the CEO and current and future management team of the
Company.
• Grant authorities to the directors to issue shares in the Company.
At the General Meeting shareholders voted to approve the above and therefore the Company changed its name
to Quantum Blockchain Technologies plc.
In relation to Sipiem’s legal claim, in May, the Court appointed independent expert filed his report on the
economic merit of the damages suffered by Sipiem at an amount of up to €7.8 million, subject to the Judge ruling
that the conduct of Sipiem’s former board and internal audit committee was unlawful.
In June 2021, the Company announced the launch and progress of the in-house R&D programme in respect of
advanced proprietary techniques for Bitcoin mining. The Company entered into a one-year service agreement
with a UK based international cryptography expert whose specialism is cryptocurrency mining blockchain
optimisations. As part of the one-year service agreement, the consultant has been awarded share options over
10,000,000 new ordinary shares of 0.25 pence each in the Company at an exercise price of 5p each, which can
be exercised between 15 February 2022 and 15 August 2022.
Also in June 2021, QBT announced that it increased its stake in Forcrowd to 41.17%, having purchased an
additional 21.17% stake in ForCrowd held by minority shareholders for a total consideration of €34,000,
65 | P a g e
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 (CONTINUED)
25. Prior year adjustment
The comparative figures for the year ended 31 December 2019 have been restated as set out in the tables below:
Restated Group Income and Statement of Comprehensive Income for the year ended 31 December 2019
Continuing operations
Revenue
Administration expenses
Exceptional items
Operating loss
Finance charges
Loss before tax
Tax
Loss from continuing operations
Other comprehensive (loss)
Loss on translation of overseas subsidiaries
2019
Restatement
2019
Ref.
Restated
€’000
€’000
€’000
13
13
(1,397)
-
(1,384)
(200)
(1,584)
-
(1,584)
B
-
-
-
-
-
960
960
960
13
13
(1,379)
-
(1,366)
760
(606)
-
(606)
B
(1,584)
960
(606)
TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE LOSS FOR THE YEAR
(1,584)
960
(606)
Earnings per share:
Basic and fully diluted loss per share (cents)
(€0.003)
-
(€0.101)
66 | P a g e
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 (CONTINUED)
25. Prior year adjustment (continued)
Restated Group Statement of Financial Position as at 31 December 2019
Ref.
Group
2019
Restatement
2019
Non-current assets
Investments
Total non-current assets
Current assets
Trade and other receivables
Cash and cash equivalents
Total current assets
Total assets
Current liabilities
Trade and other payables
Borrowings
Derivative liability
Total current liabilities
Net current assets/(liabilities)
Total assets less current liabilities
Non-current liabilities
Borrowings
Total non-current liabilities
Total liabilities
Net assets
Equity
Share capital
Share premium account
Other reserves
Retained losses
C
D
E
21
€’000
1,117
1,117
6,604
-
6,604
7,721
(396)
(3,750)
-
(4,146)
2,458
3,575
(4,678)
(4,678)
€’000
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
59
(121)
(62)
(62)
(62)
(464)
(464)
Group
2019
(restated)
€’000
1,117
1,117
6,604
-
6,604
7,721
(396)
(3,691)
(121)
(4,208)
2,396
3,513
(5,142)
(5,142)
(8,824)
(526)
(9,350)
(1,103)
(526)
(1,629)
7,397
47,124
8,376
(64,000)
-
-
-
(526)
7,397
47,124
8,376
(64,526)
Total equity
(1,103)
(526)
(1,629)
67 | P a g e
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 (CONTINUED)
25. Prior year adjustment (continued)
Restated Company Statement of Financial Position as at 31 December 2019
Non-current assets
Investments
Total non-current assets
Current assets
Trade and other receivables
Cash and cash equivalents
Total current assets
Total assets
Current liabilities
Trade and other payables
Borrowings
Derivative liability
Total current liabilities
Net current assets/(liabilities)
Total assets less current liabilities
Non-current liabilities
Borrowings
Total non-current liabilities
Ref.
Company
2019
Restatement
2019
€’000
€’000
Company
2019
(restated)
€’000
521
521
1,493
-
1,493
2,014
(339)
(3,750)
-
(4,089)
(2,596)
(2,075)
(4,678)
(4,678)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
59
(121)
(62)
(62)
(62)
(464)
(464)
521
521
1,493
-
1,493
2,014
(339)
(3,691)
(121)
(4,151)
(2,658)
(2,137)
(5,142)
(5,142)
C
D
E
Total liabilities
(8,767)
(464)
(9,290)
Net (liabilities)/assets
(6,753)
(526)
(7,279)
Equity
Share capital
Share premium account
Other reserves
Retained losses
21
7,397
47,124
51
(61,325)
-
-
-
(526)
7,227
47,124
51
(61,851)
Total equity
(6,753)
(526)
(7,279)
68 | P a g e
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 (CONTINUED)
25. Prior year adjustment (continued)
Restated Group Statement of Cash Flows for the year ended 31 December 2019
Cash used in operations
Loss before tax
Fair value changes in investments
Finance charges
Decrease in receivables
Decrease in payables
Net cash outflow from operating activities
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from borrowing
Interest paid
Net cash inflow from financing activities
Net decrease in cash for the year
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
Group
2019
Restatement
2019
€’000
€’000
Group
2019
(restated
)
€’000
(1,584)
27
200
882
(78)
(553)
291
(5)
286
(267)
267
-
960
-
(960)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(624)
27
(760)
882
(78)
(553)
291
(5)
286
(267)
(267)
-
69 | P a g e
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 (CONTINUED)
25. Prior year adjustment (continued)
Restated Company Statement of Cash Flows for the year ended 31 December 2019
Cash used in operations
Loss before tax
Fair value changes in investments
Finance charges
Increase in receivables
Increase in payables
Net cash outflow from operating activities
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from borrowing
Interest paid
Net cash inflow from financing activities
Net increase in cash for the year
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
Company
2019
Restatement
2019
€’000
€’000
Company
2019
(restated)
€’000
(816)
40
200
(95)
118
(553)
291
(5)
286
267
(267)
-
960
-
(960)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
144
40
(760)
(95)
118
(553)
291
(5)
286
267
(267)
-
70 | P a g e
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 (CONTINUED)
25. Prior year adjustment (continued)
Notes to prior year restatement tables
Group and Company
In previous periods the Group had incorrectly accounted for Zero Coupon Bonds 2015 and Other
convertible loan notes (see note 17). Both these loans included embedded derivatives which were
required to be valued at inception with the balance being amortised over the life of the loan. The
embedded derivative portion of the loan was required to be valued at each year end with any change in
value being included in finance income/costs in the Income statement.
Pre 1 Jan 2019 Adjustments
A. As the above loans commenced prior to 1 January 2019 the correction also effected prior periods resulting
in an additional loss of €1,486,000 being recognised in the group and company balances split between an
increase in the derivative liability of €1,140,000 and an increase in the combined loan balances of €346,000.
2019 Adjustments
B. This is the gain in the derivative element of the Zero Coupon Bond 2015 and other convertible loans of
€1,019,000 less additional interest on the above loans of €59,000.
C. This represents increase in the above loan balances as a result of the accrued interest of €59,000
D. This represents the balance on the derivative element of the above loans as a result of the movement
described in 1 above.
E. This represents the increase in the Zero Coupon Bond balance as the result of adjustments in 2018 and
accrued interest in 2019.
71 | P a g e