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Realty Income

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Employees 201-500
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FY2022 Annual Report · Realty Income
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R E A LT Y  I N C O M E                     The Monthly Dividend Company®

R E L I A B LY   R E S I L I E N T

2 0 2 2   A N N U A L  R E P O R T

2 0 2 2   P E R F O R M A N C E   H I G H L I G H T S   1,   2

9.2% 

AFFO Per Share Growth

63.2%

Income Per Share Growth

4.7% 

Dividend Per Share Growth

$3.30 

Billion Rental Revenue

C O M P O U N D   AV E R A G E   A N N U A L   

TOTA L  S H A R E H O L D E R   R E T U R N   
S I N C E   1 9 9 4   N Y S E   L I S T I N G   3 
As of 12/31/2022

14.6%

10.4%
9.8%
9.7%
9.6%

2 0 2 2   P E R F O R M A N C E   H I G H L I G H T S   

S I N C E   1 9 9 4   N Y S E   L I S T I N G 

$10.3

Billion of Dividends Paid

5.3%

3.1%

4.3%  

Annual AFFO Per Share Growth 4

Annual Net Income Per Share Growth 4

Annual Dividend Per Share Growth 4

All data included in the 2022 Annual Report is as of December 31, 2022, unless specified otherwise.

D E A R   F EL L O W   S TO C K H O L D E R S ,

I would like to express how grateful I am for 

our One Team’s hard work and dedication 

over the past year. 2022 was a year of growth 

and transformation for the company, and our 

collective efforts have reinforced its strong 

foundations, enabling our business to continue  

to be reliably resilient for you, our stockholders. 

Since the start of 2022, we established entry into 

several distinct verticals for future growth, including 

our inaugural acquisitions in Italy and the gaming 

sector, expanding our foothold in the consumer-

centric medical industry, and the curation of a 

development partnership with an emerging leader 

Sumit Roy, President & Chief Executive Officer

in the vertical farming industry. These new growth 

investments continued, as evidenced by the 

avenues are indicative of the addressable market 

approximately $900 million portfolio acquisition 

of opportunities available to us and further widens 

we expect to close at a 7.1% cash cap rate during 

the aperture for future value creation.

the first half of 2023.  

At the end of 2022, our opportunity set is 

In a year punctuated by macroeconomic and 

supporting significant momentum across four 

geopolitical uncertainty, we grew AFFO1 per 

countries. During the year, we sourced volume of 

share2 by 9.2% to $3.92, and generated net 

$95 billion to close on approximately $9.0 billion 

income per share growth of 63.2% to $1.42. Our 

investment volume for the year. As interest rates 

AFFO per share growth rate was the highest since 

increased throughout 2022, we were encouraged 

2013. We achieved this growth while maintaining 

to experience cap rate expansion at the end of 

prudent leverage ratios with credit ratings of  

the year and into 2023. At the start of 2023,  

A3 / A- by Moody’s and S&P.

the directional trend of rising yields on our 

1  The definition of AFFO, AFFO per share, and a reconciliation of net income available to stockholders can be found in our 2022 Form 10-K. 
2 All per share amounts presented in this letter are on a diluted per common share basis unless stated otherwise. 
3 Total shareholder return includes price appreciation and the reinvestment of dividends. Dividends are assumed  
  to be reinvested at the closing price of the security on the ex-date of the dividend. Reference the inside of the back cover  
  for additional information on total shareholder return.  
4 Compound average annual growth through December 31, 2022.

From a total shareholder return3 standpoint, 

Our enduring partnerships with industry 

while we delivered returns of -7.4% in 2022, we 

meaningfully outperformed both the MSCI REIT 

leading operators are integral to our 
growth trajectory. 

Index and the S&P 500, which returned -24.5% 

and -18.1%, respectively. During periods of 

market volatility, our stable, consistent,  

cash flow-driven business model continues  

to perform well on a relative basis, which we  

believe is a testament to our track record  

and resilient balance sheet, client roster, and  

portfolio diversification.

Through judicious capital allocation, we seek 

to generate attractive risk adjusted returns 

over the long run. Our robust global pipeline 

provides us high-quality real estate at yields 

enabling accretive cash flow per share growth. 

We seek to acquire freestanding single-client 

commercial properties under long-term, net 

lease agreements, typically in excess of 10 years. 

Generating consistent performance is made 

Of the approximate $9.0 billion of high-quality 

possible by our accomplished One Team, which 

acquisitions in 2022, 90% were sourced from 

continued to add talented professionals across 

existing relationships. 

all levels of the organization in 2022. In October, 

we were honored to announce Gregory J. Whyte 

as our new Chief Operating Officer. Greg was 

most recently a Senior Advisor in the Real Estate 

Leisure and Lodging Investment Banking group at 

UBS and is the former Global Head of Real Estate 

Equity Research at Morgan Stanley. He brings 

extensive leadership experience, deep industry 

knowledge, and a keen business perspective 

honed over decades. 

We strive to build sustainable relationships with 

our clients, collaborating to identify mutually 

beneficial outcomes and chances to further 

environmentally-focused initiatives. We remain 

dedicated to becoming a sustainability leader in 

the REIT industry, from implementing sustainable 

projects at our properties to cultivating 

Diversity, Equality & Inclusion within our team. 

Our 2022 Sustainability Report published 

contemporaneously with this report documents 

We ended 2022 in a position of strength. As we 

progress on these fronts, and I encourage all 

look to the future, I believe our ability to provide 

stakeholders to review the report. My hope is that 

stable and growing dividends to our stockholders 

the report illuminates the significant emphasis  

relies on three pillars: maintaining a healthy and 

we place on such topics at Realty Income.

well-capitalized balance sheet, building enduring 

partnerships with clients who are leaders in their 

respective industries, and cultivating continued 

Our well-capitalized balance sheet affords 
the business optimum financial flexibility. 

opportunities to consolidate the fragmented 

Our business is predicated on maintaining a 

commercial real estate industry on a global scale.

healthy balance sheet. Our low leverage, ample 

5 Net Debt/Annualized Adjusted EBITDAre is a non-GAAP financial measure. The definition of Net Debt/Annualized Adjusted EBITDAre  
and a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITAre to the net income available to stockholders can be found in our 2022 Form 10-K.

liquidity and staggered debt maturity schedule 

represented in 84 industries. Moreover, our 

are designed to maximize our financial agility. We 

top industry concentrations center around 

ended the year with Net Debt/Annualized Adjusted 

business segments with proven track records 

EBITDAre5 of 5.5x and we are proud to be one 

during economic downturns, such as grocery 

of only a handful of REITs that maintain A3/A- 

stores, which represent 10.0% of our annualized 

corporate credit ratings from Moody’s and S&P. 

contractual rent and is our top industry, 

We ended 2022 with significant access to capital, 

having upsized our revolving credit facility to 

$4.25 billion, established a $1.5 billion European 

commercial paper program, increased the 

capacity on our U.S. commercial paper program 

to $1.5 billion, and accessed public and private 

bond markets in the U.S. and U.K. to raise another 

convenience stores, dollar stores, and  

quick-service restaurants. Our top clients are 

leaders in their respective industries, often with 

national and global reach, including Dollar 

General, which represents 4.0% of our annualized 

contractual rent, followed by Walgreens,  

7-Eleven, Dollar Tree, Wynn Resorts and FedEx. 

$2.2 billion. Additionally, we raised approximately 

Our Asset Management team’s proactive 

$4.6 billion of equity capital throughout the 

approach to resolving lease expirations is an 

year to fund our investments while seeking to 

important competitive advantage that has 

maintain prudent leverage ratios. As an active 

consistently resulted in favorable rent recapture 

issuer in the capital markets, sourcing attractively 

rates. These efforts, together with the quality 

priced capital from numerous sources is a key 

of our underlying real estate, resulted in a rent 

competitive advantage that enables our business 

recapture rate of 105.9% in 2022, well north of 

to grow profitably as we consolidate the highly 

our historical average, and an occupancy rate  

fragmented commercial real estate industry. 

of 99.0%, our highest occupancy rate at the  

The durability of our portfolio continues  

to support predictable cash flows,  
fueling a growing dividend. 

end of a reporting period in over 20 years.

Looking Ahead

We expect 2023 to be an interesting year. 

Over the past 54 years, we have meticulously 

Uncertainties surrounding inflation, interest 

curated our portfolio to weather economic 

rates, and the cyclical path of our economy are 

uncertainty. We seek to partner with best-in-class 

top of mind for many investors. By design, our 

operators while maintaining diversity across 

business is built to thrive in a variety of economic 

client, industry, property type, and geography. 

environments, equipped with financial flexibility,  

At the end of 2022, 41% of our portfolio’s 

a healthy and diversified portfolio, a robust  

annualized contractual rent was generated from 

global pipeline for future growth, and of course, a  

investment grade rated clients. Our portfolio 

“One Team” mindset amongst our team members 

is highly diversified, with 1,240 different clients 

to relentlessly create value for our stakeholders.

Since our public listing in 1994, our unwavering 

We remain committed to building on our 54-year 

goal has been to build, maintain and grow our 

track record of success by evolving our business, 

business to generate earnings and cash flow 

guided by our One Team values to do the right 

that carries minimal downside volatility while 

thing, take ownership, empower each other, 

sharing the majority of our cash earnings with 

celebrate differences and give more than we 

investors through the monthly dividend. This has 

take as we thoughtfully continue driving financial 

resulted in a compound average total return to 

and operational excellence for years to come.

shareholders of 14.6%, of which approximately 

84% is attributable to payment of dividends6. 

Through 2022, Realty Income had declared 630 

consecutive dividends, and since our listing in 

1994, the dividend has been raised 118 times. In 

2022, our AFFO payout ratio on a per share basis 

was 75.7%, which provides us with significant 

headroom to continue covering and increasing 

our dividend payment with cash earnings 

In closing, I want to express my deepest 

appreciation for our dedicated One Team and 

the steadfast support and counsel of our Board. 

Guided by our purpose, mission, vision and 

values, we continue to invest in people and 

places to deliver dependable monthly dividends 

that increase over time, building a business that 

remains reliably resilient.

generated through our operations. As The 

Thank you for your continued support.

Monthly Dividend Company®, a dependable  

and recurring income stream is sacrosanct  

to our mission.

Sumit Roy 

President & Chief Executive Officer

TOP LEFT PHOTO: Metro AG wholesale club locations in Italy. BOTTOM LEFT PHOTO: Neighborhood  
Medical assets, a dentistry in Florida. RIGHT PHOTO: the Encore Boston Harbor Resort and Casino,  
our first gaming asset acquired in December 2022.

6 As of December 31, 2022, assuming re-investment of dividends.

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC  20549

FORM 10-K 

☒ Annual report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, or

☐ Transition report pursuant to section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Commission File Number 1-13374 

REALTY INCOME CORPORATION 
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)

(IRS Employer Identification Number)

Maryland

33-0580106

11995 El Camino Real, San Diego, California 92130 
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (858) 284-5000 

Title of Each Class
Common Stock, $0.01 Par Value
1.125% Notes due 2027
1.875% Notes due 2027
1.625% Notes due 2030
1.750% Notes due 2033
2.500% Notes due 2042

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Trading Symbol(s)
O
O27A
O27B
O30
O33A
O42

Name of Each Exchange On Which Registered
New York Stock Exchange
New York Stock Exchange
New York Stock Exchange
New York Stock Exchange
New York Stock Exchange
New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities 
Act.    Yes ☒  No ☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the 
Act.    Yes ☐  No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of 
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant 
was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.         
Yes  ☒     No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be 
submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for 
such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).  Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated 
filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," 
“accelerated filer,” "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☒

Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☐

Smaller reporting 
company

☐

Emerging growth 
company

☐

 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended 
transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to 
Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment 
of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act 
(15 U.S.C.7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒ 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  
Yes  ☐    No  ☒

At June 30, 2022, the aggregate market value of the Registrant’s shares of common stock, $0.01 par value, held by 
non-affiliates of the Registrant was $42.1 billion based upon the last reported sale price of $68.26 per share on the 
New York Stock Exchange on June 30, 2022, the last business day of the Registrant’s most recently completed 
second fiscal quarter. The determination of affiliate status for purposes of this calculation is not necessarily a 
conclusive determination for other purposes.

There were 660,520,906 shares of common stock outstanding as of February 15, 2023.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Part III, Items 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 incorporate by reference certain specific portions of the definitive Proxy 
Statement for Realty Income Corporation’s Annual Meeting expected to be held on May 23, 2023, to be filed 
pursuant to Regulation 14A. Only those portions of the proxy statement which are specifically incorporated by 
reference herein shall constitute a part of this annual report. 

REALTY INCOME CORPORATION
Index to Form 10-K
December 31, 2022 

PART I

Item 1:

Business

The Company

Recent Developments

Dividend Policy

Business Philosophy and Strategy

Property Portfolio Information

Forward-Looking Statements

Item 1A: Risk Factors

Item 1B: Unresolved Staff Comments

Item 2:

Properties

Item 3:

Legal Proceedings

Item 4:

Mine Safety Disclosures

PART II

Item 5:

Item 6:

Item 7:

Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer 
Purchases of Equity Securities
Reserved

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of 
Operations
General

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Results of Operations

Funds from Operations Available to Common Stockholders ("FFO") and Normalized 
Funds from Operations Available to Common Stockholders ("Normalized FFO")
Adjusted Funds from Operations Available to Common Stockholders ("AFFO")

Impact of Inflation

Impact of Newly Adopted Accounting Standards

Item 7A: Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Item 8:

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

Item 9:

Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial 
Disclosure

Item 9A: Controls and Procedures

Item 9B: Other Information

Item 9C: Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections

PART III

1

Page

3

3

4

8

9

16

21

21

36

36

36

36

36

37

37

37

37

43

54

56

58

58

58

60

106

106

107

107

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 10:

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

Item 11:

Executive Compensation

Item 12:

Item 13:

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related 
Stockholder Matters
Certain Relationships, Related Transactions and Director Independence

Item 14:

Principal Accounting Fees and Services

PART IV

Item 15:

Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

Item 16:

Form 10-K Summary

SIGNATURES

107

107

107

107

108

108

113

114

2

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART I

Item 1:         Business

In this Annual Report on Form 10-K, unless the context otherwise requires, references to “Realty Income,” the 
“Company,” “we,” “our” or “us” refer to Realty Income Corporation and our subsidiaries. Our financial results for the 
periods presented reflect our merger with VEREIT, Inc. ("VEREIT") from the merger date of November 1, 2021; 
therefore, periods prior to that date do not reflect the impact of the VEREIT merger.

THE COMPANY

Realty Income, The Monthly Dividend Company®, is an S&P 500 company and member of the S&P 500 Dividend 
Aristocrats® index for having increased its dividend every year for over 25 consecutive years. We invest in people 
and  places  to  deliver  dependable  monthly  dividends  that  increase  over  time.  We  are  structured  as  a  real  estate 
investment  trust  ("REIT"),  requiring  us  to  annually  distribute  at  least  90%  of  our  taxable  income  (excluding  net 
capital gains) in the form of dividends to our stockholders. The monthly dividends are supported by the cash flow 
generated  from  real  estate  in  which  we  own  or  hold  interests  in  under  long-term  net  lease  agreements  with  our 
commercial clients.

Realty Income was founded in 1969, and listed on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE": O) in 1994.  Over the 
past 54 years, Realty Income has been acquiring and managing freestanding commercial properties that generate 
rental revenue under long-term net lease agreements with our commercial clients.

At December 31, 2022, our diversified portfolio consisted of:

• Owned or held interests in 12,237 properties;
•
•
•
•
•

An occupancy rate of 99.0%, or 12,111 properties leased and 126 properties available for lease or sale;
Clients doing business in 84 separate industries;
Locations in all 50 United States ("U.S."), Puerto Rico, the United Kingdom ("U.K."), Spain, and Italy;
Approximately 236.8 million square feet of leasable space;
A weighted average remaining lease term (excluding rights to extend a lease at the option of our client) of 
approximately 9.5 years; and
An average leasable space per property of approximately 19,350 square feet, approximately 13,000 square feet 
per retail property and approximately 234,100 square feet per industrial property.

•

Of the 12,237 properties in the portfolio at December 31, 2022, 12,018, or 98.2%, are single-client properties, of 
which 11,894 were leased, and the remaining are multi-client properties. 

Our common stock is listed on the NYSE under the ticker symbol “O” with a CUSIP number of 756109-104. Our 
central index key number is 726728. Our notes are listed on the NYSE as follows:

Notes

1.125% Notes due July 2027

1.875% Notes due January 2027

1.625% Notes due December 2030

1.750% Notes due July 2033

2.500% Notes due January 2042

Ticker Symbol

O27A

O27B

O30

O33A

O42

CUISP

756109-BB9

756109-BM5

756109-AY0

756109-BC7

756109-BN3

In January 2023, we had 395 employees, inclusive of four part-time employees, as compared to 371 employees, 
inclusive of four part-time employees, in January 2022.

We maintain a corporate website at www.realtyincome.com. On our website we make available, free of charge, 
copies of our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, Form 3s, Form 4s, Form 5s, current 
reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically 
file these reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). None of the information on our 
website is deemed to be part of this report.

3

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

Increases in Monthly Dividends to Common Stockholders
We have continued our 54-year policy of paying monthly dividends. In addition, we increased the dividend four 
times during 2022 and twice during 2023. As of February 2023, we have paid 101 consecutive quarterly dividend 
increases and increased the dividend 119 times since our listing on the NYSE in 1994.

  2022 Dividend increases
1st increase
2nd increase
3rd increase
4th increase

  2023 Dividend increases
1st increase
2nd increase

Month
Declared
Dec 2021
Mar 2022
Jun 2022
Sep 2022

Dec 2022
Feb 2023

Month
Paid
Jan 2022
Apr 2022
Jul 2022
Oct 2022

Jan 2023
Mar 2023

$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 

$ 
$ 

Monthly Dividend
per share

0.2465  $ 
0.2470  $ 
0.2475  $ 
0.2480  $ 

Increase
per share
0.0005 
0.0005 
0.0005 
0.0005 

0.2485  $ 
0.2545  $ 

0.0005 
0.0060 

The dividends paid per share during 2022 totaled $2.967, as compared to $2.833 during 2021, an increase of 
$0.134, or 4.7%.

The monthly dividend of $0.2545 per share represents a current annualized dividend of $3.0540 per share, and an 
annualized dividend yield of 4.8% based on the last reported sale price of our common stock on the NYSE of 
$63.43 on December 31, 2022. Although we expect to continue our policy of paying monthly dividends, we cannot 
guarantee that we will maintain our current level of dividends, that we will continue our pattern of increasing 
dividends per share, or what our actual dividend yield will be in any future period.

Acquisitions During 2022
Below is a listing of our acquisitions in the U.S. and Europe for the year ended December 31, 2022:

Number of 
Properties

Leasable
Square Feet
(in thousands, 
unaudited)

Investment
($ in millions)

Weighted 
Average 
Lease Term 
(Years)

Initial 
Weighted 
Average Cash 
Lease Yield (1)

Year ended December 31, 2022 (2)

Acquisitions - U.S. 

Acquisitions - Europe 

990 

94 

15,774  $ 

11,179 

5,746.4 

2,441.3 

19.3

8.9

 6.0 %

 6.0 %

Total acquisitions
Properties under development (3)
Total (4)
(1) The initial weighted average cash lease yield for a property is generally computed as estimated contractual first year cash net operating 

32,453  $ 

26,953  $ 

8,995.3 

8,187.7 

807.6 

1,084 

5,500 

1,301 

217 

16.3

16.2

15.0

 6.0 %

 5.3 %

 5.9 %

income, which, in the case of a net leased property, is equal to the aggregate cash base rent for the first full year of each lease, divided by the 
total cost of the property. Since it is possible that a client could default on the payment of contractual rent, we cannot provide assurance that 
the actual return on the funds invested will remain at the percentages listed above. Contractual net operating income used in the calculation of 
initial weighted average cash yield includes approximately $10.5 million received as settlement credits as reimbursement of free rent periods 
for the year ended December 31, 2022. 

In the case of a property under development or expansion, the contractual lease rate is generally fixed such that rent varies based on the 
actual total investment in order to provide a fixed rate of return. When the lease does not provide for a fixed rate of return on a property under 
development or expansion, the initial weighted average cash lease yield is computed as follows: estimated cash net operating income 
(determined by the lease) for the first full year of each lease, divided by our projected total investment in the property, including land, 
construction and capitalized interest costs.

(2) None of our investments during the year ended December 31, 2022, caused any one client to be 10% or more of our total assets at December 

31, 2022.

(3) Includes five U.K. development properties that represent an investment of £40.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2022, converted 

at the applicable exchange rate on the funding date. 

(4) Our clients occupying the new properties are 71.4% retail, 19.1% gaming, 6.5% industrial and 3.0% other property types (including 2.7% 

agricultural and 0.3% office) based on rental revenue. Approximately 23% of the rental revenue generated from acquisitions during the year 
ended December 31, 2022 is from our investment grade rated clients, their subsidiaries or affiliated companies.

4

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Appointment of New Chief Operating Officer ("COO")
Effective January 2023, Gregory J. Whyte assumed his new role as our Executive Vice President and COO. Mr. 
Whyte has a background in investment banking and he has served in both advisory roles and as director for several 
publicly traded companies.

Portfolio Discussion
Leasing Results
At December 31, 2022, we had 126 properties available for lease or sale out of 12,237 properties in our portfolio, 
which represents a 99.0% occupancy rate based on the number of properties in our portfolio. Our property-level 
occupancy rates exclude properties with ancillary leases only, such as cell towers and billboards.  

Below is a summary of our portfolio activity for the periods indicated below:

Three months ended December 31, 2022

Properties available for lease at September 30, 2022
Lease expirations (1)

Re-leases to same client

Re-leases to new client

Vacant dispositions

Properties available for lease at December 31, 2022

Year ended December 31, 2022

Properties available for lease at December 31, 2021
Lease expirations (1)

Re-leases to same client

Re-leases to new client

Vacant dispositions

131 

185 

(151) 

(9) 

(30) 

126 

164 

719 

(571) 

(34) 

(152) 

Properties available for lease at December 31, 2022
126 
(1) Includes scheduled and unscheduled expirations (including leases rejected in bankruptcy), as well as future expirations resolved in the periods 

indicated above.

During the three months ended December 31, 2022, the new annualized contractual rent on re-leases was $39.16 
million, as compared to the previous annual contractual rent of $37.71 million on the same units, representing a rent 
recapture rate of 103.8% on the units re-leased. We re-leased six units to new clients without a period of vacancy, 
and seven units to new clients after a period of vacancy.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the  new annualized contractual rent on re-leases was $139.72 million, 
as compared to the previous annualized contractual rent of $131.93 million on the same units, representing a rent 
recapture rate of 105.9% on the units re-leased. We re-leased 18 units to new clients without a period of vacancy, 
and 32 units to new clients after a period of vacancy.

As part of our re-leasing costs, we pay leasing commissions to unrelated, third-party real estate brokers consistent 
with the commercial real estate industry standard, and sometimes provide rent concessions to our clients. We do 
not consider the collective impact of the leasing commissions or rent concessions to our clients to be material to our 
financial position or results of operations.

At December 31, 2022, our average annualized contractual rent was approximately $14.55 per square foot on the 
12,111 leased properties in our portfolio. At December 31, 2022, we classified 22 properties, with a carrying amount 
of $29.5 million, as real estate and lease intangibles held for sale, net on our consolidated balance sheet. The 
expected sale of these properties does not represent a strategic shift that will have a major effect on our operations 
and financial results and is consistent with our existing disposition strategy to further enhance our real estate 
portfolio and maximize portfolio returns.

5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investments in Existing Properties
During 2022, we capitalized costs of $96.7 million on existing properties in our portfolio, consisting of $88.3 million 
for non-recurring building improvements, $5.2 million for re-leasing costs, and $3.2 million for recurring capital 
expenditures.

The majority of our building improvements relate to roof repairs, HVAC improvements, and parking lot resurfacing 
and replacements. The amount of our capital expenditures can vary significantly, depending on the rental market, 
credit worthiness of our clients, the lease term and the willingness of our clients to pay higher rental revenue over 
the terms of the leases.

We define non-recurring capital expenditures as property improvements in which we invest additional capital that 
extend the useful life of the properties. We define recurring capital expenditures as mandatory and recurring 
landlord capital expenditure obligations that have a limited useful life. 

Sale of Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
During 2022, all seven of the properties owned by our industrial partnerships acquired in connection with the 
VEREIT merger were sold. The gross purchase price for the properties was $905.0 million and we collected 
$114.0 million of net proceeds (after mortgage defeasance and closing costs) to date, representing our 
proportionate share of partnership distributions.  

Equity Capital Raising
We have an At-The-Market ("ATM") program, pursuant to which we may offer and sell up to 120,000,000 shares of 
common stock (1) by us to, or through, a consortium of banks acting as our sales agents or (2) by a consortium of 
banks acting as forward sellers on behalf of any forward purchasers contemplated thereunder, in each case by 
means of ordinary brokers' transactions on the NYSE at prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices or by any 
other methods permitted by applicable law.

During 2022, we raised $4.6 billion of net proceeds from the sale of common stock, at a weighted average price of 
$67.04 per share, primarily through proceeds from the sale of common stock through our ATM programs. The ATM 
program issuances during 2022 included 58,534,967 shares issued pursuant to forward sale confirmations. As of 
December 31, 2022, 6,744,884 shares of common stock subject to forward sale confirmations have been executed 
but not settled. 

Note Issuances
In January 2023, we issued $500 million of 5.05% senior unsecured notes due January 13, 2026 (the "2026 notes"), 
which are callable at par on January 13, 2024, and $600 million of 4.85% senior unsecured notes due March 15, 
2030, which are callable at par on January 15, 2030 (the "2030 Notes"). The public offering price for the 2026 Notes 
was  99.618%  of  the  principal  amount  for  an  effective  semi-annual  yield  to  maturity  of  5.189%.  and  the  public 
offering price for the 2030 Notes was 98.813% of the principal amount for an effective semi-annual yield to maturity 
of 5.047%. In conjunction with the pricing of the 2026 notes, we executed a three-year, $500 million fixed-to-variable 
interest rate swap, which is subject to the counterparties' right to terminate the swap at any time following the 2026 
notes par call date and results in an effective variable borrowing rate of SOFR minus 0.0347% thereunder for the 
duration of the swap. We intend to use these variable rate borrowings in lieu of borrowing under our revolving credit 
facility, which, as of December 31, 2022, permits U.S. borrowings at an interest rate of SOFR plus 0.725% with a 
SOFR adjustment charge of 0.10% and a revolving credit facility commitment fee.

In October 2022, we issued $750 million of 5.625% senior unsecured notes October 2032 (the "October 2032 
Notes"). The public offering price for the notes was 99.879% of the principal amount for an effective semi-annual 
yield to maturity of 5.641%. In conjunction with the pricing of this offering, we executed a $600 million U.S. Dollar-to-
Euro 10-year cross currency swap, resulting in the receipt of approximately €612 million in proceeds and an 
effective fixed-rate, Euro-denominated semi-annual yield to maturity of approximately 4.7%. Additionally, we 
terminated forward interest rate swaps totaling $500 million in notional value previously entered into, recognizing a 
cash settlement gain of approximately $72 million. Giving effect to these contemporaneous transactions, we expect 
to recognize an effective semi-annual yield to maturity of 3.93% on the overall transaction, including the recognition 
of the cash settlement gain.

In June 2022, we closed on the previously announced private placement of £600.0 million of senior unsecured 
notes, which included £140.0 million of notes due June 2030, £345.0 million of notes due June 2032, and 
£115.0 million of notes due June 2037. The combined notes have a weighted average tenor of approximately 10.5 
years, and a weighted average fixed interest rate of 3.22%. 

6

In January 2022, we issued £250.0 million of 1.875% senior unsecured notes due January 2027 (the "January 2027 
Notes") and £250.0 million of 2.500% senior unsecured notes due January 2042 (the "January 2042 Notes"). The 
public offering price for the January 2027 Notes was 99.487% of the principal amount, for an effective semi-annual 
yield to maturity of 1.974%, and the public offering price for the January 2042 Notes was 98.445% of the principal 
amount, for an effective semi-annual yield to maturity of 2.584%. Combined, the new issues of the January 2027 
Notes and the January 2042 Notes have a weighted average term of approximately 12.5 years and a weighted 
average effective semi-annual yield to maturity of approximately 2.28%. 

Expanded Revolving Credit Facility
In April 2022, we entered into a $4.25 billion unsecured credit facility to amend and restate our previous $3.0 billion 
unsecured credit facility, which was due to expire in March 2023. Our current revolving credit facility matures in June 
2026 and includes two six-month extensions that can be exercised at our option. Similar to our previous revolving 
credit facility, our current revolving credit facility also has a $1.0 billion expansion feature, which is subject to 
obtaining lender commitments. As of December 31, 2022, the balance of borrowings outstanding under our 
revolving credit facility was $2.0 billion, and we had a cash balance of $171.1 million.

Expansion of Commercial Paper Programs
During July 2022, our unsecured commercial paper program was amended to increase the maximum aggregate 
amount of outstanding notes from $1.0 billion to $1.5 billion. In addition, during July 2022, we established a new 
Euro-denominated unsecured commercial paper program, which permits us to issue additional unsecured 
commercial notes up to a maximum aggregate amount of $1.5 billion (or foreign currency equivalent), in U.S. Dollar 
("USD") or various other foreign currencies, including but not limited to, Euros, Sterling, Swiss Francs, Yen, 
Canadian Dollars, and Australian Dollars, in each case, pursuant to customary terms in the European commercial 
paper note market. The notes offered under our European commercial paper program rank pari passu with all of our 
other unsecured senior indebtedness, including borrowings under our revolving credit facility and our term loan 
facilities, and our outstanding senior notes, including under our USD-denominated commercial paper programs.  We 
use our $4.25 billion unsecured revolving credit facility as a liquidity backstop for the repayment of the notes issued 
under these two commercial paper programs. As of December 31, 2022, the balance of borrowings outstanding 
under our commercial paper programs was $701.8 million, including €361.0 million of Euro-denominated 
borrowings. 

New Term Loan
During January 2023 we entered into a term loan agreement (the “Term Loan Agreement”), pursuant to which we 
borrowed an aggregate of approximately $1.0 billion in multicurrency borrowings, including $90.0 million, 
£705.0 million and €85.0 million (collectively, the “Term Loans”). The Term Loan Agreement also permits us to incur 
additional term loans, up to an aggregate of $1.5 billion in total borrowings. The Term Loans initially mature in 
January 2024 and include two 12-month maturity extensions that can be exercised at the company's option. Our A3/
A- credit ratings provide for a borrowing rate of 80 basis points over the applicable benchmark rate, which includes 
adjusted SOFR for USD-denominated loans, adjusted SONIA for Sterling-denominated loans, and EURIBOR for 
Euro-denominated loans. 

Impact of COVID-19
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to have widespread, rapidly evolving, and unpredictable impacts on businesses 
globally, including those in which some of our clients operate. Certain of our clients have been slower to recover 
economically (including those in the theater industry). However, even in light of this, during 2022 we have continued 
to collect contractual rent across our total portfolio at levels that are consistent with pre-pandemic rent collection. 
We cannot assure that our historical rent collections will be indicative of our future rental collections as the extent to 
which the COVID-19 pandemic (or future pandemics) will impact our operations and those of our clients in the future 
is not known and will depend on future developments. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, or future pandemics, 
on us, our business, our clients, and the economy generally is discussed further in Item 1A: Risk Factors.

Theater Industry Update
For the period from October 2022 through February 2023, we collected all of the contractual rent(1) across our 
theater portfolio. As of December 31, 2022, we had cumulative reserves of $35.6 million, including $13.7 million in 
additional reserves recognized in the three months ended December 31, 2022, on properties leased to Cineworld 
Group plc ("Cineworld"), the parent entity of the entities that lease certain of our theater portfolios, including Regal 
Cinemas, which commenced Chapter 11 reorganization proceedings during September 2022. These reserves for 
Cineworld and its affiliates, representing a reduction of rental revenue, primarily relate to contractual rent and 
expense recoveries recorded during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, and during the fourth quarter of 2022, and 
exclude straight-line rent reserves. Total receivables from Cineworld and its affiliates were $15.6 million at 

7

December 31, 2022, net of reserves and excluding straight line rent receivables, and include both deferred 
contractual rent and deferred expense recoveries.

(1)  We  define  contractual  rent  as  the  monthly  aggregate  cash  amount  charged  to  clients,  inclusive  of  monthly  base  rent  receivables.  Charged 

amounts have not been adjusted for any COVID-19 related rent relief granted and include contractual rent from any clients in bankruptcy. 

Select Financial Results

The following summarizes our select financial results (dollars in millions, except per share data):

Years ended December 31,

Total revenue 
Net income available to common stockholders (1)
Net income per share (2)
Funds from operations ("FFO") available to common 

stockholders
FFO per share (2)
Normalized funds from operations ("Normalized FFO") 

available to common stockholders

Normalized FFO per share (2)
Adjusted funds from operations ("AFFO") available to 

common stockholders

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

2022

3,343.7  $ 

869.4  $ 

1.42  $ 

2,471.9  $ 

4.04  $ 

2,485.8  $ 

4.06  $ 

2021

2,080.5 

359.5 

0.87 

1,240.6 

2.99 

1,408.0 

3.39 

2,401.4  $ 

1,488.8 

% Increase

 60.7 %

 141.8 %

 63.2 %

 99.3 %

 35.1 %

 76.5 %

 19.8 %

 61.3 %

AFFO per share (2)
(1) The calculation to determine net income available to common stockholders includes provisions for impairment, gain from the sale of real 
estate, and foreign currency gain and loss. These items can vary from year to year and can significantly impact net income available to 
common stockholders and period to period comparisons.

3.92  $ 

3.59 

$ 

 9.2 %

(2) All per share amounts are presented on a diluted per common share basis.

Our financial results during the year ended December 31, 2022 were impacted by the following transactions: (i) 
merger and integration-related costs related to our merger with VEREIT of $13.9 million, (ii) other income, net 
increased $20.6 million, which includes gains on insurance proceeds from recoveries on property losses exceeding 
our carrying value, and (iii) net reserves to rental revenue of $4.0 million (of which $1.7 million was related to 
straight-line rent receivables). Our financial results during the year ended December 31, 2021 were impacted by the 
following transactions: (i) a $97.2 million loss on extinguishment of debt, which primarily includes $46.5 million 
related to the January 2021 early redemption of the 3.250% notes due October 2022 recorded in the three months 
ended March 31, 2021 and $46.4 million related to the December 2021 early redemption of the 4.650% notes due 
August 2023 recorded in the three months ended December 31, 2021, (ii) $167.4 million of merger and integration-
related costs related to our merger with VEREIT, and (iii) $14.7 million of reserves to rental revenue (of which 
$4.5 million was related to straight-line rent receivables).

See our discussion of FFO, Normalized FFO, and AFFO (which are not financial measures under generally 
accepted accounting principles in the United States, or "U.S. GAAP"), later in the section entitled “Management’s 
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” in this annual report, which includes a 
reconciliation of net income available to common stockholders to FFO and Normalized FFO, and AFFO.

Distributions are paid monthly to holders of shares of our common stock.

DIVIDEND POLICY

Distributions are paid monthly to the limited partners holding common units of Realty Income, L.P., each on a per 
unit basis that is generally equal to the amount paid per share to our common stockholders. 

In order to maintain our status as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, we generally are required to distribute 
dividends to our stockholders aggregating annually at least 90% of our taxable income (excluding net capital gains), 
and we are subject to income tax to the extent we distribute less than 100% of our taxable income (including net 
capital gains). In 2022, our cash distributions to common stockholders totaled $1.81 billion, or approximately 95.3% 
of our estimated taxable income of $1.90 billion. Certain measures are available to us to reduce or eliminate our tax 
exposure as a REIT, and accordingly, no provision for federal income taxes, other than our taxable REIT 
subsidiaries (each, a "TRS"), has been made. Our estimated taxable income reflects non-cash deductions for 

8

depreciation and amortization. Our estimated taxable income is presented to show our compliance with REIT 
dividend requirements and is not a measure of our liquidity or operating performance. We intend to continue to 
make distributions to our stockholders that are sufficient to meet this dividend requirement and that will reduce or 
eliminate our exposure to income taxes. Furthermore, we believe our cash on hand and funds from operations are 
sufficient to support our current level of cash distributions to our stockholders. We distributed $2.967 per share to 
stockholders during 2022, representing 75.7% of our diluted AFFO per share of $3.92. 

Future distributions will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on, among other things, our 
results of operations, FFO, Normalized FFO, AFFO, cash flow from operations, financial condition, capital 
requirements, the annual distribution requirements under the REIT provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 
1986, as amended, or the Code, our debt service requirements, and any other factors the Board of Directors may 
deem relevant. In addition, our credit facility contains financial covenants that could limit the amount of distributions 
payable by us in the event of a default, and which prohibit the payment of distributions on our common stock in the 
event that we fail to pay when due (subject to any applicable grace period) any principal or interest on borrowings 
under our credit facility.

Distributions of our current and accumulated earnings and profits for federal income tax purposes generally will be 
taxable to stockholders as ordinary income, except to the extent that we recognize capital gains and declare a 
capital gains dividend, or that such amounts constitute “qualified dividend income” subject to a reduced rate of tax. 
The maximum tax rate of non-corporate taxpayers for “qualified dividend income” is generally 20%. In general, 
dividends payable by REITs are not eligible for the reduced tax rate on qualified dividend income, except to the 
extent that certain holding requirements have been met with respect to the REIT’s stock and the REIT’s dividends 
are attributable to dividends received from certain taxable corporations (such as our TRSs) or to income that was 
subject to tax at the corporate or REIT level (for example, if we distribute taxable income that we retained and paid 
tax on in the prior taxable year). However, non-corporate stockholders, including individuals, generally may deduct 
up to 20% of dividends from a REIT, other than capital gain dividends and dividends treated as qualified dividend 
income, for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017 and before January 1, 2026.

Distributions in excess of earnings and profits generally will first be treated as a non-taxable reduction in the 
stockholders’ basis in their stock, but not below zero. Distributions in excess of that basis generally will be taxable 
as a capital gain to stockholders who hold their shares as a capital asset. None of the distributions to our common 
stockholders, made or deemed to have been made in 2022, were classified as a return of capital for federal income 
tax purposes.

BUSINESS PHILOSOPHY AND STRATEGY

We believe that actively managing a diversified portfolio of commercial properties under long-term, net lease 
agreements produces consistent and predictable income. A net lease typically requires the client to be responsible 
for monthly rent and certain property operating expenses including property taxes, insurance, and maintenance. In 
addition, clients of our properties typically pay rent increases based on: (1) fixed increases, (2) increases tied to 
inflation (typically subject to ceilings), or (3) additional rent calculated as a percentage of the clients’ gross sales 
above a specified level. We believe that a portfolio of properties under long-term net lease agreements with our 
commercial clients generally produces a more predictable income stream than many other types of real estate 
portfolios, while continuing to offer the potential for growth in rental income.

Diversification is also a key component of our investment philosophy. We believe that diversification of the portfolio 
by client, industry, geography, and property type leads to more consistent and predictable income for our 
stockholders by reducing vulnerability that can come with any single concentration. Our investment activities have 
led to a diversified property portfolio that, as of December 31, 2022, we owned or held interests in 12,237 properties 
located in all 50 U.S. states, Puerto Rico, the U.K., Spain, and Italy, and doing business in 84 industries. None of the 
84 industries represented in our property portfolio accounted for more than 8.6% of our annualized contractual rent 
as of December 31, 2022.

As we look to continue to expand geographically across Europe, we focus upon building relationships with new 
multinational clients that seek a real estate partner with an expanding geographic footprint.

Investment Strategy
We seek to invest in high-quality real estate that our clients consider important to the successful operation of their 
businesses. We generally seek to own or hold interests in commercial real estate that has some or all of the 
following characteristics:

9

•
•
•
•
•

•

•

Properties in markets or locations important to our clients;
Properties with strong demographic attributes or that we deem to be profitable for our clients; 
Properties with real estate valuations that approximate replacement costs;
Properties with rental or lease payments that approximate market rents for similar properties; 
Properties that can be purchased with the simultaneous execution or assumption of long-term net lease 
agreements, offering both current income and the potential for future rent increases;
Properties that leverage relationships with clients, sellers, investors, or developers as part of a long-term 
strategy; and
Properties that leverage our proprietary insights, including those in locations and geographic markets we expect 
to remain strong or strengthen in the future.

We typically seek to invest in properties or portfolios of properties owned or leased by clients that are already or 
could become leaders in their respective businesses supported by mechanisms including (but not limited to) 
occupancy of prime real estate locations, pricing, merchandise assortment, service, quality, economies of scale, 
consumer branding, e-commerce, and advertising. We have an internal team dedicated to sourcing such 
opportunities, often using our relationships with various clients, owners/developers, brokers and advisers to uncover 
and secure transactions. We also undertake thorough research and analysis to identify what we consider to be 
appropriate property locations, clients, and industries for investment. This research expertise is instrumental to 
uncovering net lease opportunities in markets where we believe we can add value.

In selecting potential investments, we generally look for clients with the following attributes:

•
•
•
•

Reliable and sustainable cash flow, including demonstrated economic resiliency;
Revenue and cash flow from multiple sources;
Are willing to sign a long-term lease (10 or more years); and
Are large owners and users of real estate.

From a retail perspective, our investment strategy is to target clients that have a service, non-discretionary, and/or 
low-price-point component to their business. We target investments with clients who have demonstrated resiliency 
to e-commerce or have a strong omni channel retail strategy, uniting brick-and-mortar and mobile browsing, both of 
which reflect the continued importance of last mile retail, the movement of goods to their final destination, real 
estate as part of a customer experience and supply chain strategy. Our overall investments (including last mile 
retail) are driven by an optimal portfolio strategy that, among other considerations, targets allocation ranges by 
asset class and industry. We review our strategy periodically and stress test our portfolio in a variety of positive and 
negative economic scenarios to ensure we deliver consistent earnings growth and value creation across economic 
cycles. As a result of the execution of this strategy, approximately 93% of our annualized retail contractual rent on 
December 31, 2022, is derived from our clients with a service, non-discretionary, and/or low price point component 
to their business. From a non-retail perspective, we target industrial properties leased to industry leaders, the 
majority of which are investment grade rated companies. We believe these characteristics enhance the stability of 
the rental revenue generated from these properties.

After applying this investment strategy, we pursue those transactions where we believe we can achieve an attractive 
investment spread over our cost of capital and favorable risk-adjusted returns. We will continue to evaluate all 
investments for consistency with our objective of owning net lease assets.

Underwriting Strategy
In order to be considered for acquisition, properties must meet stringent underwriting requirements. We have 
established a four-part analysis that examines each potential investment based on:

•

•
•
•

The aforementioned overall real estate characteristics, including demographics, replacement cost, and 
comparative rental rates;
Industry, client (including credit profile), and market conditions;
Store profitability for retail locations if profitability data is available; and
The importance of the real estate location to the operations of the clients’ business.

We believe the principal financial obligations for most of our clients typically include their bank and other debt, 
payment obligations to employees, suppliers, and real estate lease obligations. Because we typically own the land 
and building in which a client conducts its business or which are critical to the client’s ability to generate revenue, 
we believe the risk of default on a client’s lease obligation is less than the client’s unsecured general obligations. It 
has been our experience that clients must retain their profitable and critical locations to survive. Therefore, in the 

10

event of reorganization, we believe they are less likely to reject a lease of a profitable or critical location because 
this would terminate their right to use the property.

Thus, as the property owner, we believe that we will fare better than unsecured creditors of the same client in the 
event of reorganization. If a property is rejected by our client during reorganization, we own the property and can 
either lease it to a new client or sell the property. In addition, we believe that the risk of default on real estate leases 
can be further mitigated by monitoring the performance of our clients’ individual locations and considering whether 
to proactively sell locations that meet our criteria for disposition.

We conduct comprehensive reviews of the business segments and industries in which our clients operate. In 
addition, prior to entering any transaction, our research department conducts a review of a client’s credit quality. The 
information reviewed may include reports and filings, including any public credit ratings, financial statements, debt 
and equity analyst reports, and reviews of corporate credit spreads, stock prices, market capitalization, and other 
financial metrics. We conduct due diligence, including financial reviews of the client, and monitor our clients’ credit 
quality on an ongoing basis and provide summaries of these findings to management. 

At December 31, 2022, 40.9% of our total portfolio annualized contractual rent comes from properties leased to our 
investment grade clients, their subsidiaries or affiliated companies. At December 31, 2022, our top 20 clients (based 
on percentage of total portfolio annualized contractual rent) represented 40.9% of our annualized rent and 12 of 
these clients have investment grade credit ratings or are subsidiaries or affiliates of investment grade companies.

Asset Management Strategy
In addition to pursuing new properties for investment, we seek to increase earnings and dividends through active 
asset management.

Generally, our asset management efforts seek to achieve: 

Rent increases at the expiration of existing leases, when market conditions permit;

•
• Optimum exposure to certain clients, industries, and markets through re-leasing vacant properties and 

selectively selling properties;

• Maximum asset-level returns on properties that are re-leased or sold; and
•

Additional value creation opportunities from the existing portfolio by leveraging internal capabilities to enhance  
individual properties, pursue alternative uses, and derive ancillary revenue.

As part of our ongoing credit research, we continually monitor our portfolio for any changes that could affect the 
performance of our clients, our clients’ industries, and the real estate locations in which we have invested. We also 
regularly analyze our portfolio with a view towards optimizing its returns and enhancing its overall credit quality. Our 
active asset management strategy pursues asset sales when we believe the reinvestment of the sale proceeds will:

• Generate higher returns;
•
•
•

Enhance the credit quality of our real estate portfolio;
Extend our average remaining lease term; and/or
Strategically decrease client, industry, or geographic concentration.

The active management of the portfolio is an essential component of our long-term strategy of maintaining high 
occupancy.

Impact of Real Estate and Credit Markets
In the commercial real estate market, property prices generally continue to fluctuate. Likewise, during certain 
periods, including the current market, the global credit markets have experienced significant price volatility, 
dislocations, and liquidity disruptions, which may impact our access to and cost of capital. We continually monitor 
the commercial real estate and global credit markets carefully and, if required, will make decisions to adjust our 
business strategy accordingly.

Environmental, Social and Governance ("ESG")
In recent years, our environmental, social, and governance efforts have quickly evolved from commitment to action. 
We continue to focus on how best to institutionalize efforts for a lasting and positive impact. As a result, we strive to 
be a sustainability leader in the net lease REIT sector. 

11

As The  Monthly  Dividend  Company®,  our  mission  is  to  conduct  business  with  integrity,  transparency,  respect  and 
humility to create long-term value across economic cycles for all stakeholders. We are committed to conducting our 
business  according  to  the  highest  moral  and  ethical  standards.  Our  dedication  to  providing  dependable  monthly 
dividends that increase over time is only enhanced by our elevated purpose, mission, vision and values.

We  believe  that  our  commitment  to  corporate  responsibility,  which  encompasses  ESG  principles,  is  critical  to  our 
performance and long-term success and that we all have a shared responsibility to our people, communities that we 
operate in and the planet. In support of this commitment, we are dedicated to providing an engaging, inclusive, and 
a safe work environment for our employees, operating our business in an environmentally conscious manner, and 
upholding our corporate responsibilities as a public company for the benefit of our stakeholders - our stockholders, 
clients,  employees  and  community  members.  The  Nominating/Corporate  Governance  Committee  of  our  Board  of 
Directors has direct oversight of ESG matters.

Environmental - Sustainability
We  hold  the  protection  of  our  assets,  communities,  and  the  environment  in  high  regard.  Based  on  our  business 
model, the properties in our portfolio are primarily net leased to our clients, and each client is generally responsible 
for maintaining the buildings, including utilities management and the implementation of environmentally sustainable 
practices  at  each  location.  Therefore,  we  generally  cannot  control  the  implementation  of  environmentally 
sustainable  practices  without  collaborating  with  our  clients  whose  environmental  initiatives  may  or  may  not  be 
aligned  with  ours.  However,  we  hope  that  with  continued  engagement,  we  can  encourage  clients  to  adopt 
environmentally sustainable practices. In that light, we have expanded and intend to continue to expand our client 
engagement efforts to achieve shared sustainability objectives on an ongoing basis. As a member of the National 
Association  of  Real  Estate  Investment  Trusts  ("Nareit")  Real  Estate  Sustainability  Council,  we  are  focused  on 
leveraging best practices and advancing our efforts in this area.

Response to Climate Change
We seek to promote effective energy efficiency and other sustainability strategies and compliance with federal, state 
and  international  laws  and  regulations  related  to  climate  change,  both  internally  and  with  our  clients.  We  remain 
committed to sustainable business practices in our day-to-day activities by encouraging a culture of environmental 
responsibility  at  our  offices  and  within  our  communities.  We  work  with  our  clients  to  promote  environmental 
responsibility at the properties we own, however, as noted above, as our properties are primarily net leased to our 
clients  we  generally  cannot  control  the  implementation  of  environmentally  sustainable  practices  without  the 
assistance of our clients. As we have grown our sustainability efforts, we have leveraged our size and expanded our 
client engagement efforts to achieve shared sustainability objectives. We are: 

• Operating  from  green-certified  buildings:  our  San  Diego  headquarters  is  Energy  Star  Certified  and  our 

•

•

•

•

•

Phoenix Office is LEED Platinum certified.
Continuing to upgrade our San Diego headquarters by completing a building-wide LED retrofit, subsidizing 
employee use of electric vehicle charging stations, and installing a carport photovoltaic panel system. These 
improvements  are  in  addition  to  our  automatic  lighting  control  system  with  light-harvesting  technology,  a 
building  management  system  that  monitors  and  controls  energy  use,  an  adaptive  and  intelligent  irrigation 
system, and energy efficient PVC roofing and heating and cooling systems.
Reporting  according  to  our  Green  Financing  Framework  and  our  Green  Bond  Report,  disclosing  our 
allocation of proceeds from our inaugural green bond offering in 2021 to green certified building acquisitions 
and other eligible green projects. 
Identifying  transition  risks  across  our  European  portfolio  by  assessing,  identifying,  and  underwriting 
necessary  property  retrofits  and  upgrades  during  acquisition  due  diligence  in  order  to  ensure  our 
investments will meet the England and Wales minimum energy efficiency standards (“MEES”) and the 2002 
Scottish energy regulations. This due diligence will also help preparedness for future similar regulations that 
may be adopted in countries or regions where we have properties.
Enhancing  our  ESG  and  Green  Lease  schedule  for  our  European  operations  to  establish  landlord/client 
cooperation,  data  sharing  requirements,  energy  use,  site  alteration  guidelines,  and  energy  performance 
certificate  requirements,  among  other  items.  We  are  also  continuing  the  expansion  and  incorporation  of 
“Green Lease Clauses” across our leases for access to utility and performance data through lease rollovers, 
sale-leaseback  transactions,  and  initiatives  which  allow  us  to  benchmark  our  properties  and  work  with 
clients to identify and implement energy efficiency projects.
Holding  a  management  led  ESG  Task  Force  to  facilitate  compliance  with  certain  regulatory  disclosure 
requirements  to  which  we  are  subject  (such  as  the  anticipated  changes  to  the  SEC’s  climate-related 

12

•

disclosure  rules)  or  to  comply  with  established  ESG  frameworks  and  standards,  such  as  the  Global  Real 
Estate Sustainability Benchmarks and the Task Force for Climate-Related Financial Disclosures (“TCFD”). 
Continuing  our  client  engagement  initiative  to  learn  about  client  sustainability  goals,  initiatives,  and 
collaboration  opportunities  focused  on  utility  data  sharing,  renewable  energy  options,  electric  vehicle 
charging infrastructure, as well as LED lighting and HVAC retrofits and other energy efficiency projects.
• Working with strategic real estate partners to survey existing site-level environmental characteristics to help 

•

•

•

•

develop a more comprehensive inventory of our portfolio’s low-footprint carbon initiatives.
Providing our asset management and real estate operations teams with additional resources to identify and 
evaluate client partnership opportunities.
Surveying  asset-level  property  characteristics  via  client  survey  requests  to  increase  environmental  data 
coverage.
Continuing  to  strengthen  our  governance  structure  and  legal  instruments  to  expedite  opportunities  across 
our portfolio.
Considering  climate-related  risks  within  our  strategic  enterprise-level  risk  assessment  process  while 
following  TCFD  recommendations  to  better  understand  how  climate  change  may  impact  future  business 
decisions.

We prepare and issue an annual sustainability report.

Social - Company Culture and Employees

Human Capital
We put great effort into cultivating an inclusive company culture. We are one team, and together we are committed 
to providing an engaging work environment centered on our One Team values of Do the right thing, Take ownership, 
Empower each other, Celebrate differences, and Give more than we take. As such, we hire talented employees with 
diverse backgrounds and perspectives and work to provide an environment with regular, open communication 
where capable team members have fulfilling careers and are encouraged to engage with and make a positive 
impact on business partners and the communities in which we operate.

We continue to take the following actions to offer an engaging environment:

• Maintaining a hybrid onsite/remote work environment with flexible scheduling;
•

Implementing an improved internal communication and document management platform that provides 
employees enhanced video conferencing, document management, and virtual collaboration workspace 
which improved employee communications and collaboration supporting in-office and our remote work 
footprint;
Increasing dialogue with our team leaders, including our CEO, who conducts regular check-in meetings with 
all leadership levels and employees across the company;
Providing resources to employees who were directly impacted by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic;
Updating our business continuity plan that includes emergency planning, disaster recovery, alternative 
communication outlets, and real-time testing simulations;
Establishing in-person and virtual engagement activities, bringing colleagues together through the Team 
Building Committee and Green Team; and
Hosting in-person and virtual wellbeing program classes and events addressing mental health, stress 
reduction, physical fitness, financial wellbeing, and other wellness topics.

•

•
•

•

•

Recruitment, Development and Retention
We believe our employees form the foundation of our corporate culture and are one of our most valuable assets. As 
of January 2023, we employed 395 professionals (including four part-time employees), with the majority of talent 
recruited and hired from the local communities in which we operate. In order to broaden our reach for talent, we 
offer college and high school internship programs and attract candidates utilizing diverse resources such as affinity 
associations, targeted job advertisements, sourcing software focusing on diversity criteria, and employee referrals. 
Additionally, as part of our ongoing efforts to strengthen our internal leadership development capabilities, we 
operate an annual mentorship program, will launch two leadership development programs in 2023, and train on 
topics such as anti-discrimination and harassment, cybersecurity, Diversity, Equality and Inclusion (DE&I) 
awareness, safety, and important company policies that are required for every employee. We also offer 
competency-based training that includes professional development, executive and officer-level coaching, and other 
leadership development training for our colleagues.

13

Assistance and support are provided to employees who are working towards obtaining job-related licenses and 
relevant certifications as well as continuing education. Opportunities to enroll in professional and technical 
education is also extended to all employees who are looking for ways to continue learning and growing with the 
Company.

Employee retention is vital to maintaining a robust and cohesive workforce. To that end, we provide compensation 
that we believe is competitive with our peers and competitors, including a generous benefits package. Benefits 
include medical, dental, and vision healthcare benefits for all employees and their families; participation in a 401(k) 
or equivalent plan with a matching contribution from us; paid time-off or equivalent; disability and life insurance; and, 
in years that the Company's performance meets certain goals, the ability to earn equity in the Company that vests 
over four years. Our employees have an average tenure of approximately 4.8 years and our leadership, including 
Senior Vice President and above, have an average tenure of approximately 8.3 years.

Diversity, Equality and Inclusion 
We believe that much of our success is rooted in the diversity of our teams and our commitment to inclusion. This 
commitment starts at the top with our highly skilled and diverse Board, comprised of individuals with a variety of 
backgrounds and experience. We strive to emulate this diversity throughout the Company as part of our ongoing 
commitment to diversity, equality and inclusion with our DE&I Policy. We continue to expand our DE&I efforts around 
building employee awareness and understanding through various training requirements and learning opportunities. 
In 2022, we accomplished a 100% participation in our required DE&I training and in 2023 hosted a variety of 
voluntary learning sessions around an array of DE&I topics (e.g., Generational Differences, and Allyship, Gender 
Equity, and Race Diversity), which supported employee self-reflection, engagement, and action throughout the year. 
In addition, we offer the option for employees to select a floating holiday that recognizes DE&I that is personally 
meaningful to them. 

These learning opportunities aim to continue building knowledge and facilitate open and safe conversations 
regarding critical DE&I topics, drive inclusive conversations with others, and promote belonging in our hybrid 
environment. 

We perform a pay equity analysis each year to ensure that regardless of gender, race, or ethnicity, employees who 
perform similar work under similar circumstances are paid similar wages.

Workforce Demographics
The following data is as of December 31, 2022 and was gathered voluntarily from employees and reflects the 
information provided by the participating respondents. No employees identify as non-binary. We define Manager 
Level as employees that either supervise at least one team member or hold a title of Associate Director or above. 
We define Senior Officer Level as employees with a title of Senior Vice President or above. In addition to 
maintaining a diverse workforce, 36% of our Board of Directors self-identify as women and 55% self-identify as 
racially or ethnically diverse. 

Total Workforce

Manager Level

Senior Officer Level*

1%

56%

43%

1%

41%

58%

38%

62%

Not Specified
Identify as Women
Identify as Men

Not Specified
Identify as Women
Identify as Men

Not Specified
Identify as Women
Identify as Men

* 8 of 21 senior officers identify as women

14

Employee Engagement
We believe our focus on culture, employee engagement and inclusion has helped us mitigate the risk of losing key 
team members. To assess, analyze, and respond to employee sentiment and to ensure that we are doing all we can 
to foster engagement from a strategic perspective, we launched our first employee engagement survey in 2019. 
Every eighteen months, we conduct a comprehensive  employee engagement survey. Our 2022 survey garnered 
over 96% employee participation. We continuously strive in our culture and work environment to create 
opportunities for engagement and improvement. As such, our leaders develop focused action plans which address 
areas for enhanced engagement based on survey results in concert with feedback from their department team 
members. We intend to continue conducting employee engagement surveys every eighteen months.

We sponsor an active Team Building Committee comprised of volunteer-employees across numerous departments 
and seniority levels that organizes employee-driven, team-building events and activities to promote employee 
involvement, communication, and organizational continuity to foster strong interconnected relationships. We 
complement the Team Building Committee in support of our ESG efforts with another volunteer-based, employee-
driven Green Team that works on sustainability related matters at our office and in the community.

Employee Health, Safety and Wellbeing
We believe the health and wellbeing of our team members are cornerstones for our successful operations. Our 
wellbeing program provides opportunities for our people to participate in various activities and educational programs 
to enhance their personal and professional lives. Our wellbeing model is to engage employees covering five pillars 
of wellness:  Purpose, Social, Financial, Community, and Physical.  We support a healthy work-life balance, by 
offering flexible work schedules, access to discounted fitness programs, on-site dry-cleaning pickup, car wash 
services, paid family leave, generous parental leave, lactation rooms, and an infant at work program for new 
parents. Employees also have access to a robust employee assistance program.

The COVID-19 pandemic prompted additional support needed to our One Team. Upon our return to the office in 
March 2022, we took the following actions to seek to assist our employees: we (i) implemented a hybrid remote and 
in-person working arrangements which was determined by each department leader based on an individual's role; (ii) 
implemented and improved internal communications; (iii) provided resources to employees who were directly 
impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic (e.g., financial support, scheduling flexibility, and time off to employees to 
receive and recover from the COVID-19 vaccine and booster); and (iv) updated our business continuity plan.

Governance - Fiduciary Duties and Ethics
We believe in the importance of a company’s reputation for integrity and are committed to managing the Company 
for the benefit of our stockholders. We are focused on maintaining good corporate governance and have 
implemented the below practices that illustrate this commitment including, but are not limited to:

• Our Board of Directors is currently comprised of 11 directors, 10 of whom are independent, non-employee 

directors;

• Our Board of Directors is elected on an annual basis with a majority vote standard;
• Our directors conduct annual self-evaluations and participate in director orientation and continuing 

education programs;  
An enterprise risk management evaluation is conducted annually to identify and assess our risk;
•
•
Each standing committee of our Board of Directors is comprised entirely of independent directors; and
• We adhere to all other corporate governance principles outlined in our Corporate Governance Guidelines. 
These guidelines, as well as our bylaws, committee charters and other governance documents may be 
found on our website.

We are committed to conducting our business according to the highest ethical standards and upholding our 
corporate responsibilities as a public company operating for the benefit of our stockholders. Our Board of Directors 
has adopted a Code of Business Ethics that applies to our directors, officers, and other employees. The Code of 
Business Ethics includes our commitment to dealing fairly with all of our clients, service providers, suppliers, and 
competitors. We require all employees to acknowledge the terms of, and abide by, our Code of Business Ethics, 
which is also available on our website. Our employees have access to members of our Board of Directors to report 
anonymously, if desired, any suspicion of misconduct by any member of our senior management or executive team. 
Anonymous reporting is always available through our whistleblower hotline and reported to our Audit Committee 
quarterly.

15

At December 31, 2022, our diversified portfolio consisted of:

PROPERTY PORTFOLIO INFORMATION

• Owned or held interests in 12,237 properties;
•
•
•
•
•

An occupancy rate of 99.0%, or 12,111 properties leased and 126 properties available for lease or sale;
Clients doing business in 84 separate industries;
Locations in all 50 U.S. states, Puerto Rico, the U.K., Spain, and Italy;
Approximately 236.8 million square feet of leasable space; 
A weighted average remaining lease term (excluding rights to extend a lease at the option of the client) of 
approximately 9.5 years; and
An average leasable space per property of approximately 19,350 square feet; approximately 13,000 square feet 
per retail property and approximately 234,100 square feet per industrial property.

•

At December 31, 2022, 12,111 properties were leased under net lease agreements. A net lease typically requires 
the client to be responsible for monthly rent and certain property operating expenses including property taxes, 
insurance, and maintenance. In addition, clients of our properties typically pay rent increases based on: (1) fixed 
increases, (2) increases tied to inflation (typically subject to ceilings), or (3) additional rent calculated as a 
percentage of the clients' gross sales above a specified level.

We define total portfolio annualized contractual rent as the monthly aggregate cash amount charged to clients, 
inclusive of monthly base rent receivables, but excluding percentage rent and reimbursements from clients, as of 
the balance sheet date, multiplied by 12, excluding percentage rent. We believe total portfolio annualized 
contractual revenue is a useful supplemental operating measure, as it excludes properties that were no longer 
owned at the balance sheet date and includes the annualized rent from properties acquired during the quarter. Total 
portfolio annualized contractual rent has not been reduced to reflect reserves and reserve reversals recorded as 
adjustments to U.S. GAAP rental revenue in the periods presented and excludes unconsolidated entities.

Top 10 Industry Concentrations

We are engaged in a single business activity, which is the leasing of property to clients, generally on a net basis. 
That business activity spans various geographic boundaries and includes property types and clients engaged in 
various industries. Even though we have a single segment, we believe our investors continue to view diversification 
as a key component of our investment philosophy and so we believe it remains important to present certain 
information regarding our property portfolio classified according to the business of the respective clients, expressed 
as a percentage of our total portfolio annualized contractual rent:

16

Percentage of Total Portfolio Annualized Contractual Rent by Industry (1)
As of

Dec 31,
2022
10.0%

Dec 31,
2021
10.2%

8.6

7.4

6.0

5.7

5.6

5.1

4.4

4.0

3.7

9.1

7.5

6.6

6.6

5.1

5.9

4.7

3.2

3.7

Dec 31,
2020
9.8%

11.9

Dec 31,
2019
7.9%

12.3

Dec 31,
2018
5.0%

12.6

7.6

5.3

8.2

4.3

2.8

6.7

2.7

3.4

7.9

5.8

8.8

2.9

3.2

7.0

2.6

2.5

7.3

6.3

9.4

2.8

3.3

7.1

2.2

2.1

Grocery stores

Convenience stores

Dollar stores

Restaurants - quick service

Drug stores

Home improvement

Restaurants - casual dining

Health and fitness

Automotive service

General merchandise

(1) The presentation of Top 10 Industry Concentrations combines total portfolio contractual rent from the U.S. and Europe. Europe consists of properties in 

the U.K., starting in May 2019, in Spain, starting in September 2021, and in Italy, starting in October 2022.

Property Type Composition
The following table sets forth certain property type information regarding our property portfolio as of December 31, 
2022 (dollars in thousands):

Property Type

Retail

Industrial

Gaming
Other (2)
Totals

Approximate
Leasable
Square Feet (1)

Total Portfolio 
Annualized 
Contractual Rent

Percentage of Total 
Portfolio Annualized 
Contractual Rent

Number of
Properties

11,872

327

1

37

154,779,800 $ 

2,794,814 

76,546,800  

3,096,700  

2,422,100  

453,571 

100,000 

64,673 

12,237

236,845,400 $ 

3,413,058 

 81.9 %

 13.3 

 2.9 

 1.9 

 100.0 %

(1) Includes leasable building square footage. Excludes 2,962 acres of leased land categorized as agriculture at December 31, 2022.
(2) "Other" includes 27 properties classified as agriculture, consisting of approximately 272,400 leasable square feet and $37.4 million in 

annualized contractual rent and ten properties classified as office, consisting of approximately 2.1 million leasable square feet and $27.3 
million in annualized contractual rent.

17

Client Diversification
The following table sets forth the 20 largest clients in our property portfolio, expressed as a percentage of total 
portfolio annualized contractual rent, which does not give effect to deferred rent, at December 31, 2022: 

Client

Dollar General

Walgreens

7-Eleven

Dollar Tree / Family Dollar 

Wynn Resorts

FedEx

LA Fitness

Sainsbury's

BJ's Wholesale Clubs

B&Q (Kingfisher)

CVS Pharmacy

Lifetime Fitness

Wal-Mart / Sam's Club

AMC Theaters

Tractor Supply

Red Lobster

Regal Cinemas (Cineworld)

Tesco

Home Depot

Kroger

Total

Number of
Leases

1,518 

342 

632 

1,092 

1 

80 

76 

28 

33 

37 

183 

21 

66 

35 

171 

200 

41 

17 

29 

32 

Percentage of Total 
Portfolio Annualized 
Contractual Rent (1)
 4.0 %

 3.6 

 3.5 

 3.3 

 2.9 

 2.6 

 2.1 

 1.8 

 1.8 

 1.7 

 1.6 

 1.6 

 1.6 

 1.5 

 1.4 

 1.4 

 1.4 

 1.3 

 1.1 

 1.0 

4,634

 40.9 %

(1) Amounts for each client are calculated independently; therefore, the individual percentages may not sum to the total. 

18

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Lease Expirations
The following table sets forth certain information regarding the timing of the lease term expirations in our portfolio 
(excluding rights to extend a lease at the option of the client) and their contribution to total portfolio annualized 
contractual rent as of December 31, 2022 (dollars in thousands):

Total Portfolio (1)

Expiring
Leases

Retail

Non-Retail

Approximate
Leasable
Square Feet

Total Portfolio 
Annualized 
Contractual Rent

Percentage of Total 
Portfolio Annualized 
Contractual Rent

557

696

884

812

1,384

1,271

906

554

493

934

587

546

419

413

468

1,483

12,407

17

34

36

32

35

46

20

20

35

23

15

7

3

8

8

51

390

6,091,100 $ 

13,537,600  

14,190,300  

16,381,600  

21,660,500  

24,838,000  

19,119,100  

15,237,800  

20,798,900  

14,581,900  

14,296,200  

10,288,200  

4,806,400  

7,174,800  

8,320,400  

23,270,900  

92,628 

156,461 

201,949 

190,641 

276,431 

289,822 

233,775 

174,428 

238,610 

233,886 

174,091 

209,296 

106,739 

131,904 

128,608 

573,789 

234,593,700 $ 

3,413,058 

 2.7 %

 4.6 

 5.9 

 5.6 

 8.1 

 8.5 

 6.8 

 5.1 

 7.0 

 6.9 

 5.1 

 6.1 

 3.1 

 3.9 

 3.8 

 16.8 

 100.0 %

Year

2023

2024

2025

2026

2027

2028

2029

2030

2031

2032

2033

2034

2035

2036

2037

2038-2143

Totals

(1) Leases on our multi-client properties are counted separately in the table above. This table excludes 181 vacant units.

19

Geographic Diversification
The following table sets forth certain geographic information regarding our property portfolio as of December 31, 
2022 (dollars in thousands):

Location

Alabama             
Alaska              
Arizona             
Arkansas            
California          
Colorado            
Connecticut         
Delaware            
Florida             
Georgia             
Hawaii              
Idaho               
Illinois            
Indiana             
Iowa                
Kansas              
Kentucky            
Louisiana           
Maine
Maryland            
Massachusetts       
Michigan            
Minnesota           
Mississippi         
Missouri            
Montana             
Nebraska            
Nevada              
New Hampshire       
New Jersey          
New Mexico          
New York            
North Carolina      
North Dakota        
Ohio                
Oklahoma            
Oregon              
Pennsylvania        
Rhode Island        
South Carolina      
South Dakota        
Tennessee           
Texas               
Utah                
Vermont             
Virginia            
Washington          
West Virginia       
Wisconsin           
Wyoming             
Puerto Rico
United Kingdom
Spain
Italy
Totals/average

Approximate
Leasable
Square Feet
4,294,800
299,700
3,701,300
2,567,000
11,421,200
2,651,100
1,237,300
189,900
10,018,900
8,473,900
47,800
189,100
12,489,600
7,584,500
2,995,700
4,565,000
5,823,500
5,053,500
1,004,900
2,857,200
6,201,200
5,734,500
3,630,600
4,251,500
5,018,000
210,500
1,021,100
2,665,700
568,200
2,225,900
1,290,700
4,334,700
8,106,000
347,500
14,602,000
4,035,300
650,400
5,925,200
99,800
4,195,700
453,000
7,209,400
25,415,800
1,529,500
134,900
7,197,700
1,783,500
736,600
5,483,100
157,700
59,400
19,069,200
3,960,100
1,075,100
236,845,400

Percentage of Total 
Portfolio Annualized 
Contractual Rent

 1.9 %
 0.1 
 2.0 
 1.0 
 5.8 
 1.4 
 0.4 
 0.1 
 5.1 
 3.5 
 0.2 
 0.1 
 5.2 
 2.6 
 0.9 
 1.1 
 1.7 
 2.0 
 0.5 
 1.2 
 4.2 
 2.7 
 1.8 
 1.3 
 1.9 
 0.1 
 0.4 
 1.0 
 0.3 
 1.6 
 0.6 
 2.9 
 3.0 
 0.2 
 4.2 
 1.6 
 0.4 
 2.5 
 0.1 
 1.9 
 0.2 
 2.5 
 10.4 
 0.5 
 0.1 
 2.5 
 0.9 
 0.4 
 1.9 
 0.1 
 0.1 
 9.5 
 1.0 
 0.4 
 100.0 %

Percent 
Leased

 98 %

 100 
 100 
 100 
 99 
 99 
 96 
 96 
 99 
 99 
 100 
 100 
 99 
 99 
 100 
 100 
 99 
 100 
 100 
 96 
 100 
 99 
 99 
 100 
 98 
 100 
 97 
 100 
 100 
 97 
 100 
 98 
 98 
 91 
 99 
 99 
 100 
 99 
 100 
 99 
 100 
 98 
 99 
 100 
 100 
 99 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 

 99 %

Number of
Properties
397
6
245
234
333
166
25
25
782
547
22
27
528
406
102
183
357
336
54
78
91
467
243
281
376
22
77
74
31
142
101
244
393
22
683
301
41
339
6
307
31
446
1,534
36
7
356
79
76
278
23
6
212
52
7
12,237

20

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report on Form 10-K, including the documents incorporated by reference, contain forward-looking 
statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities 
Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. When used in this annual 
report, the words “estimated,” “anticipated,” “expect,” “believe,” “intend,” “continue,” “should,” “may,” “likely,” “plans,” 
and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include 
discussions of our business and portfolio (including our growth strategies and our intention to acquire or dispose of 
additional properties and the timing of these acquisitions and dispositions), re-lease, re-development and 
speculative development of properties and expenditures related thereto; future operations and results; the 
announcement of operating results, strategy, plans, and the intentions of management; and trends in our business, 
including trends in the market for long-term net leases of freestanding, single-client properties. Forward-looking 
statements are subject to risks, uncertainties, and assumptions about Realty Income Corporation which may cause 
our actual future results to differ materially from expected results. Some of the factors that could cause actual 
results to differ materially are, among others our continued qualification as a real estate investment trust; general 
domestic and foreign business, economic, or financial conditions; competition; fluctuating interest and currency 
rates; inflation and its impact on our clients and us; access to debt and equity capital markets and other sources of 
funding; continued volatility and uncertainty in the credit markets and broader financial markets; other risks inherent 
in the real estate business including our clients' defaults under leases, increased client bankruptcies, potential 
liability relating to environmental matters, illiquidity of real estate investments, and potential damages from natural 
disasters; impairments in the value of our real estate assets; changes in domestic and foreign income tax laws and 
rates; our clients' solvency; property ownership through joint ventures and partnerships which may limit control of 
the underlying investments; the continued evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic or future epidemics or pandemics, 
measures taken to limit their spread, the impacts on us, our business, our clients (including those in the theater and 
fitness industries), and the economy generally; the loss of key personnel; the outcome of any legal proceedings to 
which we are a party or which may occur in the future; acts of terrorism and war; and any effects of uncertainties 
regarding whether the anticipated benefits or results of our merger with VEREIT, Inc. will be achieved.

Additional factors that may cause risks and uncertainties include those discussed in the sections entitled “Business”, 
“Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in this 
Annual Report on Form 10-K, for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are 
not guarantees of future plans and performance and speak only as of the date of this annual report was filed with 
the SEC. Actual plans and operating results may differ materially from what is expressed or forecasted in this 
annual report and forecasts made in the forward-looking statements discussed in this annual report might not 
materialize. We do not undertake any obligation to publicly release the results of any revisions to these forward-
looking statements that may be made to reflect events or circumstances after the date these statements were 
made.

Item 1A:      Risk Factors
This “Risk Factors” section contains references to our “capital stock” and to our “stockholders.” Unless expressly 
stated otherwise, the references to our “capital stock” represent our common stock and any class or series of 
preferred stock which may be outstanding from time to time, while the references to our “stockholders” represent 
holders of our common stock. 

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry
In order to grow we need to continue to acquire investment properties. The acquisition of investment 
properties may be subject to competitive pressures.
We face competition in the acquisition and operation of our properties. We expect competition from businesses, 
individuals, fiduciary accounts and plans, and other entities engaged in real estate investment and financing. This 
competition may result in a higher cost for properties we wish to purchase.

Negative market conditions or adverse events affecting our existing or potential clients, or the industries in 
which they operate, could have an adverse impact on our ability to attract new clients, re-lease space, 
collect rent or renew leases, which could adversely affect our cash flow from operations and inhibit growth.
Cash flow from operations depends in part on our ability to lease space to our clients on economically favorable 
terms and to collect rent from our clients on a timely basis. We could be adversely affected by various facts and 
events over which we have limited or no control, such as:

21

•
Lack of demand in areas where our properties are located;
•
Inability to retain existing clients and attract new clients;
• Oversupply of space and changes in market rental rates;
• Declines in our clients’ creditworthiness and ability to pay rent, which may be affected by their operations 

(including as a result from changes in consumer behaviors or preferences impacting our clients operations), 
economic downturns and competition within their industries from other operators;

• Defaults by and bankruptcies of clients, failure of clients to pay rent on a timely basis, or failure of our clients to 

comply with their contractual obligations;

• Changes in laws, rules or regulations that negatively impact clients or our properties;
•

The COVID-19 pandemic or other epidemics or pandemics or outbreaks of illness, disease or virus that affect 
countries or regions in which our clients and their parent companies operate or in which our properties or 
corporate headquarters are located;

• Changes in consumer behaviors (e.g., decrease in discretionary consumer spending), preferences or 

demographics impacting our clients' operations; 
Supply chain disruptions;
Economic or physical decline of the areas where the properties are located; and

•
•
• Deterioration of physical condition of our properties.

If our clients do not renew their leases as they expire, we may not be able to rent or sell the properties. Leases that 
are renewed, and some new leases for properties that are re-leased, may have terms that are less economically 
favorable than expiring lease terms, or may require us to incur significant costs, such as renovations, improvements 
on behalf of the client or lease transaction costs. Negative market conditions may cause us to sell vacant properties 
for less than their carrying value, which could result in impairments. Any of these events could adversely affect our 
cash flow from operations and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders and service our indebtedness. A 
significant portion of the costs of owning property, such as real estate taxes, insurance and maintenance, are not 
necessarily reduced when circumstances cause a decrease in rental revenue from the properties. In a weakened 
financial condition, our clients may not be able to pay these costs of ownership and we may be unable to recover 
these operating expenses from them.

At any time, any of our clients may experience a downturn in its business that may weaken its operating results or 
overall financial condition. As a result, a client may delay lease commencement, fail to make rental payments when 
due, decline to extend a lease upon its expiration, become insolvent or declare bankruptcy. Any client bankruptcy or 
insolvency, leasing delay or failure to make rental payments when due could result in the termination of our client’s 
lease and material losses to us. Further, the occurrence of a client bankruptcy or insolvency could diminish or 
eliminate the income we receive from our client’s lease or leases. A bankruptcy court might authorize a client to 
terminate one or more of its leases with us. If that happens, our claim against the bankrupt client for unpaid future 
rent would be subject to statutory limitations that most likely would result in rent payments that would be 
substantially less than the remaining rent we are owed under the leases (it is also possible that we may not receive 
any unpaid future rent under terminated leases) or we may elect not to pursue claims against a client for terminated 
leases. Claims we have for unpaid past rent, if any, may not be paid in full, or at all. Client bankruptcies within a 
given property may also adversely impact our ability to re-release that property at favorable terms, or at all. 
Moreover, in the case of a client’s leases that are not terminated as the result of its bankruptcy, we may be required 
or elect to reduce the rent payable under those leases or provide other concessions, reducing amounts we receive 
under those leases. As a result, client bankruptcies may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations 
and financial condition. Any of these events could adversely affect our cash flow from operations and our ability to 
make distributions to stockholders and service our indebtedness.

Downturns in any of our industries could adversely affect our clients (including, for example, the recent challenges 
faced by our clients in the theater industry), which in turn could also have a material adverse effect on our financial 
position, results of operations and our ability to pay the principal of and interest on our debt securities and other 
indebtedness and to make distributions on our common stock and any outstanding preferred stock. In addition, 
some of our properties are leased to clients that may have limited financial and other resources and, therefore, they 
are more likely to be adversely affected by a downturn in their respective businesses, including any downturns that 
have resulted or may result from the COVID-19 pandemic or other epidemics or pandemics, or in the regional, 
national or international economy. Furthermore, we have made and may continue to make selected acquisitions of 

22

properties that fall outside our historical focus on freestanding, single-client, net-lease retail locations in the U.S. As 
a result, we may be exposed to a variety of new risks by expanding into new property types and/or new jurisdictions 
outside the U.S. and properties leased to clients engaged in non-retail businesses. These risks may include limited 
experience in managing certain types of new properties, new types of real estate locations and lease structures, 
and the laws and culture of non-U.S. jurisdictions.

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted our operations and the effects of the pandemic are expected to 
continue to have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and liquidity.
The COVID-19 pandemic, including the continued spread of new variants and the measures taken to limit its 
spread, has had, and other pandemics in the future could have, adverse repercussions across global economies 
and financial markets, as well as on us and our clients. Factors that have contributed or may contribute in the future 
to the adverse impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the measures taken to limit its spread on the business, 
results of operations, financial condition and liquidity of us and our clients include, without limitation, the following:
• Operational limitations or issues at properties operated by our clients resulting from government action 

(including travel bans, border closings, business closures, quarantine, vaccine and testing requirements, 
shelter-in-place or similar orders requiring that people remain in their homes);

• Reduced economic activity, customer traffic, consumer confidence or discretionary spending, the deterioration 
in our or our clients’ ability to operate in affected areas, and any delays in the supply of products or services to 
our clients may impact certain of our clients’ businesses, results of operations, financial condition and liquidity 
and may cause certain of our clients to be unable to meet their obligations to us in full, or at all, and to seek, 
whether through negotiation, restructuring or bankruptcy, reductions or deferrals in their rent payments and 
other obligations to us or early termination of their leases;

• Difficulties with supply chain disruptions and in leasing, selling or redeveloping properties or renewing expiring 

or terminated leases on terms we consider acceptable, or at all;

•

• Difficulties accessing bank lending, capital markets and other financial markets on attractive terms, or at all, 
may adversely affect our cost of capital, our access to capital to grow our business (including through 
acquisitions, development opportunities and other strategic transactions) and to fund our business operations, 
our ability to pay dividends on our common stock, our ability to pay the principal of and interest on our 
indebtedness, and our other liabilities on a timely basis, and may adversely affect our clients’ ability to fund their 
business operations and meet their obligations to us and others;
Potential negative impacts on our credit ratings, the interest rates on our borrowings, and our future compliance 
with financial covenants under our credit facility and other debt instruments, which could result in a default and 
potentially an acceleration of indebtedness, any of which could negatively impact our ability to make additional 
borrowings under our revolving credit facility, sell commercial paper notes under our commercial paper 
programs, incur other indebtedness, pay dividends on our common stock and pay the principal of and interest 
on our indebtedness and our other obligations when due;
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the market value of certain of our properties has led to impairment 
charges and may require that we incur further impairment charges, asset write-downs or similar charges;
The impact on the ability of our employees, including members of our management team or board of directors, 
to fulfill their duties to us; and
A general decline in business activity and demand for real estate transactions could adversely affect our ability 
to grow our portfolio of properties.

•

•

•

Most of our clients operate retail businesses, many of which have been disproportionately impacted by certain of the 
issues described above, and may continue to be disproportionately impacted in the future. The extent to which the 
COVID-19 pandemic continues to impact our operations and those of our clients will depend on future 
developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence, including the scope, severity 
and duration of the pandemic, the actions taken to contain the pandemic or limit its impact, and the direct and 
indirect economic effects of the pandemic and containment measures. 

Likewise, the deterioration of global economic conditions as a result of the pandemic may ultimately lead to a further 
decrease in occupancy levels and rental rates across our portfolio as our clients (including those in the theater 

23

industry) reduce or defer their spending, institute restructuring plans or file for bankruptcy. Some of our clients have 
experienced temporary closures of some or all of their properties or have substantially altered or reduced their 
operations in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and additional clients may do so in the future. 

To the extent the COVID-19 pandemic or other epidemics or pandemics in the future adversely affect economic 
conditions and financial markets, as well as the business, results of operations, financial conditions and liquidity of 
us and our clients, they may also have the effect of heightening many of the risks described elsewhere in this “Risk 
Factors” section and our historical information regarding our business, properties, results of operations, financial 
condition or liquidity may not be representative of the future results of operations, financial condition, liquidity or 
other financial or operating results of us, our properties or our business.

As a property owner, we may be subject to unknown environmental liabilities.
Investments in real property can create a potential for environmental liability. An owner of property can face liability 
for environmental contamination created by the presence or discharge of hazardous substances on the property. 
We can face such liability regardless of our knowledge of the contamination; the timing of the contamination; the 
cause of the contamination; or the party responsible for the contamination of the property.

There may be environmental conditions associated with our properties of which we are unaware. A number of our 
properties are leased to operators of convenience stores that sell petroleum-based fuels, to operators of oil change 
and tune-up facilities, and operators that use chemicals and other waste products. These facilities and some other 
of our properties, use, or may have used in the past, underground lifts or storage tanks for the storage of petroleum-
based or waste products, which could create a potential for the release of hazardous substances. Certain of our 
other properties, particularly those leased for industrial-type purposes, may also involve operations or activities that 
could give rise to environmental liabilities.

The presence of hazardous substances on a property may adversely affect our client's ability to continue to operate 
that property or our ability to lease or sell that property and we may incur substantial remediation costs or third-party 
liability claims. Although our leases generally require our clients to operate in compliance with all applicable federal, 
state, and local environmental laws, ordinances and regulations, and to indemnify us against any environmental 
liabilities arising from the clients’ activities on the properties, we could nevertheless be subject to liability, including 
strict liability, by virtue of our ownership interest. There also can be no assurance that our clients could or would 
satisfy their indemnification obligations under their leases. The discovery of environmental liabilities attached to our 
properties could have an adverse effect on our results of operations, our financial condition, or our ability to make 
distributions to stockholders and to pay the principal of and interest on our debt securities and other indebtedness. 
In addition, several of our properties were built during the period when asbestos was commonly used in building 
construction and we may acquire other buildings that contain asbestos in the future. Environmental laws govern the 
presence, maintenance, and removal of asbestos-containing materials, or ACMs, and require that owners or 
operators of buildings containing asbestos properly manage and maintain the asbestos, that they adequately inform 
or train those who may come into contact with asbestos and that they undertake special precautions, including 
removal or other abatement in the event that asbestos is disturbed during renovation or demolition of a building. 
These laws may impose fines and penalties on building owners or operators for failure to comply with these 
requirements and may allow third parties to seek recovery from owners or operators for personal injury associated 
with exposure to asbestos fibers.

While we have not been notified by any governmental authority, and are not otherwise aware, of any material 
noncompliance, liability or claim relating to environmental contamination, if environmental contamination should 
exist on any of our properties, we could be subject to liability, including strict liability, by virtue of our ownership 
interest. In addition, while we maintain environmental insurance policies, it is possible that our insurance could be 
insufficient to address any particular environmental situation and/or that, in the future, we could be unable to obtain 
insurance for environmental matters at a reasonable cost, or at all. Our clients are generally responsible for, and 
indemnify us against, liabilities for environmental matters that arise during the lease terms as a result of clients’ 
activities on the properties. However, it is possible that one or more of our clients could fail to have sufficient funds 
to cover any such indemnification or to meet applicable state financial assurance obligations or such environmental 
contamination may predate our client's lease term, and thus we may still be obligated to pay for any such 
environmental liabilities.

24

If we fail to qualify as a REIT, it could adversely impact us, and the amount of dividends we are able to pay 
would decrease, which could adversely affect the market price of our capital stock and could adversely 
affect the value of our debt securities.
We believe that, commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 1994, we have been organized and have 
operated, and we intend to continue to operate, so as to qualify as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the 
Code. However, we cannot make any assurances that we have been organized or have operated in a manner that 
has satisfied the requirements for qualification as a REIT, or that we will continue to be organized or operate in a 
manner that will allow us to continue to qualify as a REIT. Qualification as a REIT involves the satisfaction of 
numerous requirements under highly technical and complex Code provisions, for which there are only limited 
judicial and administrative interpretations, as well as the determination of various factual matters and circumstances 
not entirely within our control. As we have recently expanded into new geographies and transactional structures, 
and may continue to do so in the future, the analyses of our REIT qualification, and our ability to ensure such 
qualification, have become, and may become in the future, more complex. For example, in order to qualify as a 
REIT, at least 95% of our gross income in each year must be derived from qualifying sources, and we must pay 
distributions to stockholders aggregating annually at least 90% of our taxable income (excluding net capital gains). If 
we fail to satisfy any of the requirements for qualification as a REIT, we may be subject to certain penalty taxes or, in 
some circumstances, we may fail to qualify as a REIT. If we were to fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year:
• We would be required to pay regular U.S. federal corporate income tax on our taxable income;
• We would not be allowed a deduction for amounts distributed to our stockholders in computing our taxable 

income;

• We could be disqualified from treatment as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which 

qualification is lost;

• We would no longer be required to make distributions to stockholders; and
•

This treatment would substantially reduce amounts available for investment or distribution to stockholders 
because of the additional tax liability for the years involved, which could have a material adverse effect on the 
market price of our capital stock and the value of our debt securities.

Even if we qualify for and maintain our REIT status, we may be subject to certain federal, state, local and foreign 
taxes on our income and property. For example, if we have net income from a prohibited transaction, that income 
will be subject to a 100% tax. In addition, our taxable REIT subsidiaries are subject to federal, state and, in some 
cases, foreign taxes at the applicable tax rates on their income and property. Any failure to comply with legal and 
regulatory tax obligations could adversely affect our ability to conduct business and could adversely affect the 
market price of our capital stock and the value of our debt securities.

Legislative or other actions affecting REITs could have a negative effect on us or our investors.
The rules dealing with federal income taxation are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative 
process and by the Internal Revenue Services, or the IRS, and the U.S. Department of the Treasury, or the 
Treasury. Changes to the tax laws, with or without retroactive application, could adversely affect us or our investors, 
including holders of our common stock or debt securities. We cannot predict how changes in the tax laws might 
affect us or our investors. New legislation, Treasury regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions 
could significantly and negatively affect our ability to qualify as a REIT, the federal income tax consequences of 
such qualification, or the federal income tax consequences of an investment in us. Also, the law relating to the tax 
treatment of other entities, or an investment in other entities, could change, making an investment in such other 
entities more attractive relative to an investment in a REIT.

Distribution requirements imposed by law limit our flexibility.
To maintain our status as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, we generally are required to distribute to our 
stockholders at least 90% of our taxable income, excluding net capital gains, each year. We also are subject to tax 
at regular corporate rates to the extent that we distribute less than 100% of our taxable income (including net capital 
gains) each year. In addition, we are subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax to the extent that we fail to distribute 
during any calendar year at least the sum of 85% of our ordinary income for that calendar year, 95% of our capital 
gain net income for the calendar year, and any amount of that income that was not distributed in prior years. We 
intend to continue to make distributions to our stockholders to comply with the distribution requirements of the Code 
as well as to reduce our exposure to federal income taxes and the nondeductible excise tax. Differences in timing 
between the receipt of income and the payment of expenses to arrive at taxable income, along with the effect of 

25

required debt amortization payments, could require us to borrow funds to meet the distribution requirements that are 
necessary to achieve the tax benefits associated with qualifying as a REIT.

Future issuances of equity securities could dilute the interest of holders of our common stock.
Our future growth will depend, in large part, upon our ability to raise additional capital. Raising additional capital 
through the issuance of equity securities can dilute the interests of holders of our common stock. The interests of 
our common stockholders could also be diluted by the issuance of shares of common stock pursuant to stock 
incentive plans. Likewise, our Board of Directors is authorized to cause us to issue preferred stock of any class or 
series with dividend, voting and other rights as determined by our Board of Directors, which could dilute, or 
otherwise adversely affect, the interest of holders of our common stock.

We may acquire properties or portfolios of properties through tax deferred contribution transactions, which 
could result in stockholder dilution and limit our ability to sell or refinance such assets.
We have in the past and may in the future acquire properties or portfolios of properties through tax deferred 
contribution transactions in exchange for partnership units in an operating partnership, which could result in 
stockholder dilution through the issuance of operating partnership units that, under certain circumstances, may be 
exchanged for shares of our common stock. This acquisition structure may have the effect of, among other things, 
reducing the amount of tax depreciation we could deduct over the tax life of the acquired properties, and may 
require that we agree to restrictions on our ability to dispose of, or refinance the debt on, the acquired properties in 
order to protect the contributors’ ability to defer recognition of taxable gain. Similarly, we may be required to incur or 
maintain debt we would otherwise not incur so we can allocate the debt to the contributors to maintain their tax 
bases. In the event we take any action that incurs taxable gain allocated to these contributors, we may be required 
to make them whole under tax protection agreements. These restrictions could limit our ability to sell or refinance an 
asset at a time, or on terms, that would be favorable absent such restrictions.

We are subject to risks associated with debt and preferred stock financing.
We intend to incur additional indebtedness in the future, including borrowings under our $4.25 billion unsecured 
revolving credit facility and our $3.0 billion commercial paper programs. Our revolving credit facility grants us the 
option, subject to obtaining lender commitments and other customary conditions, to expand the borrowing limits 
thereunder to up to $5.25 billion. The credit agreement governing our revolving credit facility also governs our 
$250.0 million unsecured term loan facility due March 2024 and, on January 6, 2023 we entered into the Term Loan 
Agreement governing our term loan, pursuant to which we borrowed an aggregate of approximately $1.0 billion in 
multicurrency borrowings. The Term Loan Agreement also permits us to incur additional term loans, up to an 
aggregate of $1.5 billion in total borrowings. The Term Loans initially mature in January 2024 and include two 12-
month maturity extensions that can be exercised at the company's option. Our A3/A- credit ratings provide for a 
borrowing rate of 80 basis points over the applicable benchmark rate, which includes adjusted SOFR for US Dollar-
denominated loans, adjusted SONIA for Sterling-denominated loans, and EURIBOR for Euro-denominated loans. In 
conjunction with closing, we executed one-year variable-to-fixed interest rate swaps which fix our per annum 
interest rate at 5.0% over the initial term.

Pursuant to our unsecured commercial paper programs we may offer and sell up to $3.0 billion of commercial paper 
at any time. We use our revolving credit facility as a liquidity backstop for the repayment of notes issued under the 
commercial paper programs. Specifically, we maintain unused borrowing capacity under our revolving credit facility 
equal to the aggregate principal amount of borrowings outstanding under our commercial paper programs from time 
to time. We may in the future enter into amendments and restatements of our revolving credit facility and term loan 
facilities, or enter into new revolving credit facilities or term loan facilities, and any such amended, restated or 
replacement revolving credit facilities or term loan facilities may increase the amounts we are entitled to borrow, 
subject to customary conditions, compared to our current revolving credit facility and term loan facilities, or we may 
incur other indebtedness. We may also in the future increase the size of our commercial paper programs or 
establish new commercial paper programs. We expect that we will continue to use our current and any new 
revolving credit facilities we may enter into (in each case as the same may be expanded, amended or restated, if 
applicable, from time to time), as a liquidity backstop for the repayment of notes issued under our current or any 
new commercial paper programs that we may maintain from time to time. As a result of the merger, all outstanding 
secured indebtedness and all outstanding liabilities and other indebtedness of VEREIT and its subsidiaries 
(including $4.65 billion of additional senior unsecured notes that were originally issued by VEREIT OP, substantially 
all of which were exchanged for senior unsecured notes issued by us) became indebtedness and liabilities of ours 
or our subsidiaries, as the case may be, which substantially increased the total secured indebtedness and the total 
liabilities and other indebtedness of us and our subsidiaries.

26

To the extent that new indebtedness is added to our current debt levels, the related risks that we now face would 
increase. As a result, we are and will be subject to risks associated with debt financing, including the risk that our 
cash flow could be insufficient to make required payments on our debt or to pay dividends on our common stock. 
We also face variable interest rate risk as the interest rates on our revolving credit facility, term loan facilities, and 
commercial paper programs are variable (subject to our interest rate swaps on our term loan facilities, in effect from 
time to time), and the interest rates on any credit facilities and term loan facilities we may enter into in the future 
may be variable, and could therefore increase over time. In addition, commercial paper borrowings are short-term 
obligations and the interest rate on newly issued commercial paper varies according to market conditions at the time 
of issuance. In addition, while we may enter into hedging and other derivatives instruments to mitigate our exposure 
to fluctuations in borrowing and currency rates, we may not realize the anticipated benefits from these 
arrangements or they may be insufficient to mitigate our exposure. We also face the risk that we may be unable to 
refinance or repay our debt as it comes due. Given past disruptions in the financial markets and ongoing global 
financial uncertainties, including the impact of COVID-19, the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European 
Union (referred to as Brexit), and the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict, we also face the risk that one or more of the 
participants in our revolving credit facility may be unwilling or unable to lend us money.

We have incurred and may continue to incur indebtedness that is denominated in local currencies to fund our 
international investments and operations. However, it is possible that such indebtedness may be insufficient or may 
be on unacceptable terms requiring us to use non-local currency indebtedness. In such event, we may be subject to 
foreign exchange rate volatility.  While we may enter into hedging and other derivatives instruments to mitigate our 
exposure to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, we may not realize the anticipated benefits from these 
arrangements or these arrangements may be insufficient to mitigate our exposure. 

Our revolving credit facility, our term loan facilities, and our mortgage loan documents contain provisions that could 
limit or, in certain cases, prohibit the payment of dividends and other distributions to holders of our common stock 
and any outstanding preferred stock. The credit agreements governing our revolving credit facility and term loan 
facilities provide that, if an event of default (as defined in the credit agreements, as applicable) exists, we may not 
pay any dividends or make other distributions on (except distributions payable in shares of a given class of our 
stock to the stockholders of that class), or repurchase or redeem, among other things, any shares of our common 
stock or any outstanding preferred stock, during any period of four consecutive fiscal quarters in an aggregate 
amount in excess of the greater of (i) the sum of 95% of our adjusted funds from operations (as defined in the credit 
agreements, as applicable) for that period plus the aggregate amount of cash distributions made to holders of our 
outstanding preferred stock for that period, and (ii) the minimum amount of cash distributions required to be made to 
our stockholders in order to maintain our status as a REIT for federal income tax purposes and to avoid the 
payment of income or excise taxes that would otherwise be imposed under specified sections of the Code on 
income we do not distribute to our stockholders, except we may repurchase or redeem shares of our outstanding 
preferred stock, if any, with net proceeds from the issuance of shares of our common stock or preferred stock. 

The credit agreements each provide that, in the event of a failure to pay principal, interest, or any other amount 
payable thereunder when due or upon the occurrence of certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization 
with respect to us or with respect to one or more of our subsidiaries that in the aggregate meet a significance test 
set forth in the credit agreements, we and our subsidiaries (other than our wholly-owned subsidiaries) may not pay 
dividends or make other distributions on (except for (a) distributions payable in shares of a given class of our stock 
to the stockholders of that class and (b) dividends and distributions described in (ii) above), or repurchase or 
redeem, among other things, any shares of our common stock or preferred stock. If any such event of default under 
the applicable credit agreements (or under any other credit agreement or debt instrument with similar terms that we 
may in the future enter into or be subject to) were to occur, it would likely have a material adverse effect on the 
market price of our outstanding common stock and any outstanding preferred stock and on the market value of our 
debt securities which could limit the amount of dividends or other distributions payable to holders of our common 
stock and any outstanding preferred stock or the amount of interest and principal we are able to pay on our 
indebtedness, or prevent us from paying those dividends, other distributions, interest or principal altogether, and 
may adversely affect our ability to qualify, or prevent us from qualifying, as a REIT.

Our indebtedness could also have other important consequences to holders of our common stock, any outstanding 
preferred stock, and our debt securities, including:
•

Increasing our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions;

27

•

Limiting our ability to obtain additional financing to fund future working capital, acquisitions, capital expenditures 
and other general corporate requirements;

• Requiring the use of a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations for the payment of principal and 
interest on our indebtedness, thereby reducing our ability to use our cash flow to fund working capital, 
acquisitions, capital expenditures, and general corporate requirements;
Limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and our industry; and
Putting us at a disadvantage compared to our competitors with less indebtedness.

•
•

If we default under a credit facility, loan agreement, or other debt instrument, the lenders will generally have the right 
to demand immediate repayment of the principal and interest on all of their loans and, in the case of secured 
indebtedness, to exercise their rights to seize and sell the collateral. Moreover, a default under a single loan or debt 
instrument may trigger cross-default or cross-acceleration provisions in other indebtedness and debt instruments, 
giving the holders of such other indebtedness and debt instruments similar rights to demand immediate repayment 
and to seize and sell any collateral.

Adverse changes in general or local economic conditions;

Real estate ownership is subject to particular conditions that may have a negative impact on our revenue.
We are subject to all of the inherent risks associated with the ownership of real estate. In particular, we face the risk 
that rental revenue from our properties may be insufficient to cover all corporate operating expenses, debt service 
payments on indebtedness we incur, and distributions on our capital stock. Additional real estate ownership risks 
include:
•
• Changes in supply of, or demand for, similar or competing properties;
• Changes in interest rates and operating expenses (including energy costs, shortages and rationing);
• Competition within an industry and for our clients;
• Changes in market rents;
•
• Renewal of leases at lower rental rates;
•
• Changes in tax, real estate, zoning and environmental laws that may have an adverse impact upon the value of 

Inability to collect rental revenue from our clients due to financial hardship, including bankruptcy;

Inability to lease properties upon termination of existing leases;

real estate;

• Uninsured property liability;
•
• Unexpected expenditures for capital improvements, including requirements to bring properties into compliance 

Property damage or casualty losses;

with applicable federal, state and local laws;
The need to periodically renovate and repair our properties;

Physical or weather-related damage to properties;
The potential risk of functional obsolescence of properties over time;
Acts of terrorism and war;

•
• Risks assumed as manager for development or redevelopment projects;
•
•
•
• Changes in consumer behaviors, preferences or demographics; 
•
•

The impacts of climate change; and 
Acts of God and other factors beyond the control of our management.

Real estate property investments are illiquid. We may not be able to acquire or dispose of properties when 
desired or on favorable terms.
Real estate investments are relatively illiquid. Our ability to quickly buy, sell or exchange any of our properties in 
response to changes in economic and other conditions will be limited and U.S. and foreign tax and regulatory 
regimes and authorities may impose or have the effect of restricting or limiting our ability to sell properties. No 
assurances can be given that we will recognize full value, at a price and at terms that are acceptable to us, for any 
property that we are required to sell for liquidity reasons. Our inability to respond rapidly to changes in the 
performance of our investments could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

28

Our acquisition of additional properties may have a significant effect on our business, liquidity, financial 
position and/or results of operations.
Our future success will depend, in part, upon our ability to manage our acquisitions and expansion opportunities 
under prevailing market conditions. We are regularly engaged in the process of identifying, analyzing, underwriting, 
and negotiating possible acquisition transactions. We cannot provide any assurances that we will be successful in 
consummating future acquisitions on favorable terms or that we will realize expected cash lease yields, operating 
efficiencies, cost savings, revenue enhancements, synergies, or other benefits. Our inability to consummate one or 
more acquisitions on such terms, our failure to adequately underwrite and identify risks and obligations when 
acquiring properties, or our failure to realize the intended benefits from one or more acquisitions, could have a 
significant adverse effect on our business, liquidity, financial position and/or results of operations, including as a 
result of our incurrence of additional indebtedness and related interest expense and our assumption of unforeseen 
contingent liabilities in connection with completed acquisitions.

We have made and may continue to make selected acquisitions of properties that fall outside our historical focus on 
freestanding, single-client, net lease retail locations in the U.S. We may be exposed to a variety of new risks by 
expanding into new property types and/or new jurisdictions outside the U.S. and from properties leased to our 
clients who engage in non-retail businesses. These risks may include limited experience in managing certain types 
of new properties, new types of real estate locations and lease structures, and the laws and culture of non-U.S. 
jurisdictions.

We may face extensive regulations from gaming and other regulatory authorities regarding current and 
future gaming properties.
As a landlord of a gaming facility or future gaming facilities, we may be impacted by the risks associated with the 
gaming industry. The ownership, operation, and management of gaming facilities are subject to pervasive 
regulation. Gaming authorities also retain great discretion such that gaming regulations can impact our gaming 
clients, individuals associated with the operation of gaming properties, and us as the owner of the real estate and 
landlord related to such facilities. Gaming laws and regulations can impact all facets of a gaming property, including 
but not limited to alcoholic beverages, environmental matters, employees, health care, currency transactions, 
zoning and building codes, and marketing and advertising. Such laws and regulations could change or could be 
interpreted differently in the future, or new laws and regulations could be enacted, which could adversely affect our 
operating results, and may also result in additional taxes or licensing fees imposed on us and our gaming clients. In 
addition, subject to certain administrative due process requirements, gaming regulators generally have broad 
authority to conduct investigations into the conduct or associations of our officers or certain investors to ensure 
compliance with applicable standards and suitability to hold a gaming license, and to deny any application or limit, 
condition, restrict, revoke, or suspend any gaming license, registration, or finding of suitability or approval, or fine 
any person licensed, registered, or found suitable or qualified as a licensee. As a result, our ability to obtain or 
maintain our required licenses and approvals, or avoid penalties related thereto, may be subject to risks, including 
risks outside of our control, and cannot be predicted.  

Were a tenant unable to continue to perform under a lease, because of the highly regulated nature of the industry, it 
may be difficult to re-lease gaming properties. This difficulty may be exacerbated to the extent the gaming property 
is located in a geography that does not have an expansive gaming footprint, such as the property in which we are 
invested. A transfer of interest, including a new lease, will likely require approval of regulators and the licensing of a 
new gaming operator tenant. 

We are subject to additional risks from our international investments and debt. 
We have acquired and may continue to acquire properties outside of the U.S. These investments may expose us to 
a variety of risks that are different from and in addition to those commonly found in the U.S. Our international 
investments are subject to additional risks, including:
•

The laws, rules and regulations applicable in such jurisdictions outside of the U.S., including those related to 
property ownership and control by foreign entities;

• Complying with a wide variety of foreign laws, including corruption, employment, data protection, energy usage, 
health and safety and environmental regulations which may require capital expenditures to maintain or bring our 
foreign properties into compliance with applicable regulations;

29

•

•

Fluctuations in exchange rates between foreign currencies and the U.S. dollar (including risks related to their 
impact on our results of operations, hedging and other derivative arrangements used to mitigate our exposure to 
fluctuations in foreign currency rates, translational reporting risks, and exchange controls);
As we may not have or have only a limited number of properties within a jurisdiction, our experience in that 
market and with local business may be limited;

• Cultural factors and business practices that differ from our U.S. standards and practices including as they relate 

to rent adjustments, ground leases and property ownership requirements and limitations;

• Challenges in establishing effective controls and procedures to manage and regulate operations in different 

regions and to monitor and ensure compliance with applicable regulations, such as applicable laws related to 
corrupt practices, employment, licensing, construction, energy usage, climate change or environmental 
compliance;

• Unexpected or other changes in regulatory requirements, tax, tariffs, trade barriers and other laws within 

•
•
•

•

jurisdictions outside the U.S. or between the U.S. and such jurisdictions;
Potentially adverse tax consequences with respect to our properties and/or investment vehicles;
Initial limited investments within certain regions or countries resulting in industry or client concentration risks;
The impact of regional or country-specific business cycles, inflation and economic instability, including 
deterioration in political relations with the U.S., instability in, or further withdrawals from, the European Union or 
other international trade alliances or agreements; and
Political instability, uncertainty over property rights, civil unrest, acts of war, drug trafficking, political activism or 
the continuation or escalation of terrorist or gang activities.

We also engage external property managers who assist with managing our international properties. If a property 
manager fails to meet its obligations or terminates its services, we may need to find a replacement but these 
services may be on less favorable terms and conditions or we may not be able to find a suitable replacement in a 
timely manner or at all. 

We have incurred and may continue to incur indebtedness that is denominated in local currencies to fund our 
international investments and operations. However, it is possible that such indebtedness may be insufficient or may 
be on unacceptable terms requiring us to use non-local currency indebtedness. In such event, we may be subject to 
foreign exchange rate volatility which may be impacted by various factors, including those described above.  While 
we may enter into hedging and other derivatives instruments to mitigate our exposure to fluctuations in foreign 
exchange rates, we may not realize the anticipated benefits from these arrangements or these arrangements may 
be insufficient to mitigate our exposure. For more information, see “—We are subject to risks associated with debt 
and preferred stock financing.”

If we are unable to adequately address these risks, they could have a significant adverse effect on our operations.

We may engage in development, speculative development, or expansion projects or invest in new assets, 
which would subject us to additional risks that could negatively impact our operations. 
We may engage in development, speculative development, or other expansion projects, which could require us to 
raise additional capital and obtain additional state and local permits. A decision by any governmental agency not to 
issue a required permit or substantial delays in the permitting process could cause us to incur penalties, delay us 
from receiving rental payments or result in us receiving reduced rental payments, or prevent us from pursuing the 
development, speculative development, or expansion project altogether. Additionally, any such new development, 
speculative development, or expansion project may not operate at designed capacity or may cost more to operate 
than we expect. The inability to successfully complete development, speculative development, or expansion 
projects or to complete them on a timely basis could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

In addition, in the future, we may invest in new or different assets or enter into new transaction structures that may 
or may not be closely related to our current business. These new assets and transaction structures may have new, 
different or increased risks than what we are currently exposed to in our business and we may not be able to 
manage these risks successfully. Additionally, when investing in such new assets or transaction structures, we will 
be exposed to the risk that those assets or structures, or the income generated thereby, will affect our ability to meet 
the requirements to maintain our REIT status, or will subject us to additional regulatory requirements or limitations. If 

30

we are not able to successfully manage the risks associated with such new assets, it could have an adverse effect 
on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

An uninsured loss or a loss that exceeds the policy limits on our properties could subject us to lost capital 
or revenue on those properties.
Our leases generally require our clients to indemnify and hold us harmless from liabilities resulting from injury to 
persons, air, water, land or property, due to activities conducted on the properties, except for claims arising from the 
negligence or intentional misconduct of us or our agents. Additionally, clients are generally required, at the client’s 
expense, to obtain and keep in full force during the term of the lease, liability and property damage insurance 
policies. The insurance policies our clients are required to maintain for property damage are generally in amounts 
not less than the full replacement cost of the improvements less slab, foundations, supports and other customarily 
excluded improvements. Our clients are generally required to maintain general liability coverage depending on the 
client and the industry in which the client operates.

Many of our properties are also covered by flood and earthquake insurance policies (subject to substantial 
deductibles) obtained and paid for by our clients as part of their risk management programs. Additionally, we have 
obtained blanket liability, flood and earthquake (subject to substantial deductibles) and property damage insurance 
policies to protect us and our properties against loss should the indemnities and insurance policies provided by the 
clients fail to restore the properties to their condition prior to a loss. We do not carry insurance for certain losses and 
certain types of losses may be either uninsurable or not economically insurable. However, should a loss occur that 
is uninsured or in an amount exceeding the combined aggregate limits for the policies noted above, or in the event 
of a loss that is subject to a substantial deductible under an insurance policy, we could lose all or part of our capital 
invested in, and anticipated revenue from, one or more of the properties, which could have a material adverse effect 
on our results of operations or financial condition and on our ability to pay the principal of and interest on our debt 
securities and other indebtedness and to make distributions to our stockholders. We also face the risk that our 
insurance carriers may not be able to provide payment under any potential claims that might arise under the terms 
of our insurance policies, and we may not have the ability to purchase insurance policies we desire.

In addition, although we obtain title insurance policies on our properties to help protect us and our properties against 
title defects (such as adverse claims of ownership, liens or other encumbrances), there may be certain title defects 
that our title insurance will not cover. If a material title defect related to any of our properties is not adequately 
covered by a title insurance policy, we could lose some or all of our capital invested in and our anticipated profits 
from such property, cause a financial misstatement or damage our reputation.

Compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 and fire, safety, and other regulations may 
require us to make unintended expenditures that could adversely impact our results of operations.
Our properties are generally required to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, or the ADA. The 
ADA has separate compliance requirements for “public accommodations” and “commercial facilities,” but generally 
requires that buildings be made accessible to people with disabilities. Compliance with the ADA requirements could 
require removal of access barriers and non-compliance could result in imposition of fines by the U.S. government or 
an award of damages to private litigants. The retailers to whom we lease properties are obligated by law to comply 
with the ADA provisions and, in many cases, the retailers are generally obligated to cover costs associated with 
compliance pursuant to the terms of their applicable leases. If required changes involve greater expenditures than 
anticipated, or if the changes must be made on a more accelerated basis than anticipated, the ability of these 
retailers to cover costs could be adversely affected and we could be required to expend our own funds to comply 
with the provisions of the ADA, which could materially adversely affect our results of operations or financial condition 
and our ability to pay the principal of and interest on our debt securities and other indebtedness and to make 
distributions to our stockholders. In addition, our properties must be in compliance with fire and safety regulations, 
building codes and other land use regulations, as they may be adopted by governmental agencies and bodies and 
become applicable to our properties. We may be required to make substantial capital expenditures to comply with 
those requirements and these expenditures could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or 
financial condition and our ability to pay the principal of and interest on our debt securities and other indebtedness 
and to make distributions to our stockholders.

Property taxes may increase without notice.
The real property taxes on our properties and any other properties that we develop or acquire in the future may 
increase as property tax rates change and as those properties are assessed or reassessed by tax authorities. While 

31

the majority of our leases are under a net lease structure, some or all of such property taxes may not be collectible 
from our clients.

Our business is subject to risks associated with climate change and our sustainability strategies.
Our business is subject to risks associated with the effects of climate change, and a resulting shift to a lower carbon 
economy, and may be subject to further risks in the future. Climate change could adversely affect our business 
through both chronic and acute perils including, but not limited to, extreme weather, changes in precipitation and 
temperature, and rising sea levels, all of which may result in physical damage to, or a decrease in demand for, our 
properties located in the areas affected by these conditions, and may adversely impact consumer behaviors, 
preferences and spending for our clients, which may impact their ability to fulfill their obligations under our leases, or 
our ability to re-lease the properties in the future. In addition, should the impact of climate change be severe or 
occur for lengthy periods of time, connectivity, labor and supply chains could impact business continuity for 
ourselves and our clients. Chronic climate change may lead to increased costs for us and our clients to adapt to the 
demands and expectations of climate change or lower carbon usage, including with respect to heating, cooling or 
electricity costs, retrofitting properties to be more energy efficient or comply with new rules or regulations, or other 
unforeseen costs. These risks could adversely affect our reputation, financial condition or results of operations.

We seek to promote effective energy efficiency and other sustainability strategies and compliance with federal, state 
and international laws and regulations related to climate change, both internally and with our clients. Our 
sustainability strategies and efforts to comply with changes in federal, state and international laws and regulations 
on climate change could result in significant capital expenditures to improve our existing properties or properties we 
may acquire. Any changes to such laws and regulations could also result in increased operating costs or capital 
expenditures at our properties. If we are unable to comply with laws and regulations on climate change or 
implement effective sustainability strategies, our reputation among our clients and investors may be damaged and 
we may incur fines and/or penalties. Moreover, there can be no assurance that any of our sustainability strategies 
will result in reduced operating costs, higher occupancy or higher rental rates or deter our existing clients from 
relocating to properties owned by our competitors. 

In addition, tenants of net-leased properties are responsible for maintenance and other day-to-day management of 
the properties. This lack of control over our net-leased properties makes it difficult for us to collect property-level 
environmental metrics and to enforce sustainability initiatives, which may impact our ability to comply with certain 
regulatory disclosure requirements to which we are subject (such as the anticipated changes to the SEC’s climate-
related disclosure rules) or comply effectively with established ESG frameworks and standards, such as the Global 
Real Estate Sustainability Benchmarks, the TCFD and the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board. If we are 
unable to successfully collect the data necessary to comply with these disclosure requirements, we may be subject 
to increased regulatory risk and if such data is incomplete or unfavorable, our relationship with our investors, our 
stock price, and our access to capital may be negatively impacted.

Our charter contains restrictions upon ownership of our common stock.
Our charter contains restrictions on ownership and transfer of our common stock intended to, among other 
purposes, assist us in maintaining our status as a REIT for U.S. federal and/or state income tax purposes. For 
example, our charter restricts any person from acquiring beneficial or constructive ownership of more than 9.8% (by 
value or by number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of our outstanding shares of common stock. These 
restrictions could have anti-takeover effects and could reduce the possibility that a third party will attempt to acquire 
control of us, which could adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

The value of certain of our investment in real property may be reduced as the result of the expiration or loss 
of local tax abatements, tax credit programs, or other governmental incentives.
Certain of our investments have the benefit of governmental tax incentives aimed at inducing property users to 
relocate to incentivize development in areas and neighborhoods which have not historically seen robust commercial 
development. These incentives typically have specific sunset provisions and may be subject to governmental 
discretion in the eligibility or award of the applicable incentives. The expiration of these incentive programs or the 
inability of potential clients or users to be eligible for or to obtain governmental approval of the incentives, or the 
inability to remain compliant with such programs, may have an adverse effect on the value of our investment, cash 
flow and net income, and may result in impairment charges.

32

We may not be able to realize the anticipated synergies and related benefits of the merger with VEREIT and 
the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement. 
The merger involved the combination of two companies which operated as independent public companies. While we 
devoted significant management attention and resources to integrating the business practices and operations of 
VEREIT, it is possible that we may be unable to realize expected operating efficiencies, cost savings, revenue 
enhancements, synergies or other benefits.

General Risk Factors
The market value of our capital stock and debt securities could be substantially affected by various factors.
The market value of our capital stock and debt securities will depend on many factors, which may change from time 
to time and may be outside of our control, including:
•

Prevailing interest rates, increases in which may have an adverse effect on the market value of our capital stock 
and debt securities;
•
The market for similar securities issued by other REITs;
• General economic, political and financial market conditions;
•
• Changes in legal and regulatory taxation obligations;
•
• Changes in financial estimates or recommendations by securities analysts with respect to us, our competitors or 

The financial condition, performance and prospects of us, our clients and our competitors;

Litigation and regulatory proceedings;

our industry;

• Changes in our credit ratings;
•
•

Actual or anticipated variations in quarterly operating results of us and our competitors; and 
Failure to achieve the perceived benefits of the merger and the transactions contemplated by the Merger 
Agreement or if the effect of the merger and the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement on our 
results of operations or financial condition is not consistent with the expectations of financial or industry 
analysts. 

In addition, over the last several years, prices of common stock and debt securities in the U.S., trading markets 
have experienced extreme price fluctuations, and the market values of our common stock and debt securities have 
also fluctuated significantly during this period. As a result of these and other factors, investors who purchase our 
capital stock and debt securities may experience a decrease, which could be substantial and rapid, in the market 
value of our capital stock and debt securities, including decreases unrelated to our operating performance or 
prospects.

Litigation risks could affect our business.
From time to time, we are involved in legal proceedings, lawsuits, and other claims including those that may arise 
out of acquisitions, development opportunities and other strategic transactions. An unfavorable resolution of 
litigation may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. 
Regardless of its outcome, litigation may result in substantial costs and expenses and significantly divert the 
attention of management.

We depend on key personnel.
We depend on the efforts of our executive officers and key employees The loss of the services of our executive 
officers and key employees could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition 
and on our ability to pay the principal and interest on our debt securities and other indebtedness and to make 
distributions to our stockholders. It is possible that we will not be able to recruit additional personnel with equivalent 
experience in the net lease industry or retain employees to the same extent as in the past.

Natural disasters, terrorist attacks, other acts of violence or war, or other unexpected events may affect the 
value of our debt and equity securities, the markets in which we operate and our results of operations.
Natural disasters, terrorist attacks, other acts of violence or war, or other unexpected events (e.g., pandemics or 
epidemics) may negatively affect our operations, the market price of our capital stock and the value of our debt 
securities. There can be no assurance that events like these will not occur or have a direct impact on our clients, our 
business or the U.S. or world generally. If events like these were to occur, they could materially interrupt our 
business operations, cause consumer confidence and spending to decrease or result in increased volatility in the 
U.S. and worldwide financial markets and economy. They also could result in or prolong an economic recession in 

33

the U.S. or abroad. Any of these occurrences could have a significant adverse impact on our operating results and 
revenues and on the market price of our capital stock and on the value of our debt securities. It could also have an 
adverse effect on our ability to pay principal and interest on our debt securities or other indebtedness and to make 
distributions to our stockholders.

We rely on information technology in our operations, and any material failure, inadequacy, interruption or 
security failure of that technology could harm our business.
We, like all businesses, are subject to cyber-attacks and security incidents, which threaten the confidentiality, 
integrity, and availability of our systems and information resources. Cyber-attacks are malicious cyber activity and a 
security incident is a successful cyber-attack that has the potential to expose sensitive data, internal systems, or 
otherwise disrupt business operations. Those attacks and incidents may be due to intentional or unintentional acts 
by employees, contractors or third-parties, who seek to gain unauthorized access to our or our service providers’ 
systems to disrupt operations, corrupt data, or steal confidential information through malware, computer viruses, 
ransomware, social engineering (e.g., phishing attachments to e-mails) or other vectors.  

The risk of a cybersecurity breach or operational disruption, particularly through a cyber incident, including by 
computer hackers, foreign governments and cyber terrorists, has generally increased as the number, intensity and 
sophistication of attempted attacks and intrusions from around the world have increased, particularly as remote 
working has become more common. Our information technology (“IT”) networks and related systems are essential 
to the operation of our business and our ability to perform day-to-day operations and, in some cases, may be critical 
to the operations of certain of our clients. Although we make efforts to maintain the security and integrity of these 
types of IT networks and related systems, and we have implemented various measures to manage the risk of a 
security breach or disruption (such as the implementation of systems and/or vendors that provide constant 
monitoring of our IT networks and related systems for cyber-attacks and incidents); however, there can be no 
assurance that our security efforts and measures will be effective or that attempted security breaches or disruptions 
would not be successful or damaging.

While we maintain some of our own critical IT networks and related systems, we also depend on third-parties to 
provide important software, technologies, tools and a broad array of services and functions, such as payroll, human 
resources, electronic communications, data storage, and certain finance and treasury functions, among others. In 
addition, in the ordinary course of our business, we collect, process, transmit and store sensitive data, within our 
own systems and utilizing those of third-party providers, including intellectual property, our proprietary business 
information and that of our customers, suppliers and business partners, as well as personally identifiable 
information.

Our measures to prevent, detect and mitigate these threats may not be successful in preventing a security incident 
or data breach or limiting the effects of such a breach. This is particularly so because attack methodologies change 
frequently or are not recognized until launched, and we also may be unable to investigate or remediate incidents 
because attackers are increasingly using techniques and tools designed to circumvent controls, to avoid detection, 
and to remove or obfuscate forensic evidence.

The primary risks that could directly result from the occurrence of a cyberattack or security incident include 
operational interruption, damage to our relationship with our clients, reputational damage, and private data 
exposure. We could be required to expend significant capital and other resources to address an attack or incident, 
which may not be covered or fully covered by our insurance and which may involve payments for investigations, 
forensic analyses, legal advice, public relations advice, system repair or replacement, or other services, in addition 
to any remedies or relief that may result from legal proceedings. Our financial results may be negatively impacted 
by such attacks and incidents or any resulting negative media attention. Further, while we carry cyber liability 
insurance, such insurance may not be adequate to cover all losses related to such events.

Volatility in market and economic conditions may impact the accuracy of the various estimates used in the 
preparation of our financial statements and footnotes to the financial statements.
Various estimates are used in the preparation of our financial statements, including estimates related to asset and 
liability valuations (or potential impairments), and various receivables. Often these estimates require the use of 
market data values that are currently difficult to assess, as well as estimates of future performance or receivables 
collectability that can also be difficult to accurately predict. Although management believes it has been prudent and 

34

used reasonable judgment in making these estimates, it is possible that actual results may differ from these 
estimates.

Inherent limitations of internal controls over financial statements, disclosure controls and safeguarding of 
assets may adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations.
Our internal controls over financial reporting, disclosure controls and procedures and our operating internal controls 
may not prevent or detect financial misstatements or loss of assets because of inherent limitations, including the 
possibility of human error, the circumvention or overriding of controls, or fraud. Effective internal controls can 
provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement and disclosure accuracy and safeguarding of 
assets. Failures in our internal controls could result in adverse consequences in our financial reporting and 
operations, including delays, additional costs, impairment in our ability to access capital, adverse impacts to investor 
confidence, regulatory review, or litigation.

Our business operations may not generate the cash needed to make distributions on our capital stock or to 
service our indebtedness.
Our ability to make distributions on our common stock and any outstanding preferred stock and payments on our 
indebtedness, and to fund planned acquisitions and capital expenditures will depend on our ability to generate cash 
in the future. We cannot make any assurances that our business will generate sufficient cash flow from operations 
or that future borrowings will be available to us in an amount sufficient to enable us to make distributions on our 
common stock and any outstanding preferred stock, to pay our indebtedness, or to fund our other liquidity needs.

Disruptions in the financial markets could affect our ability to obtain financing on reasonable terms and 
have other adverse effects on us, the market price of our common stock, and may make it more difficult or 
costly for us to raise capital.
Historically, there have been periods where the global equity and credit markets have experienced significant price 
volatility, dislocations and liquidity disruptions, which have caused market prices of equity and debt securities to 
fluctuate substantially and the spreads on prospective debt financings to widen considerably. These circumstances 
have materially impacted liquidity in the financial markets, making terms for certain financings less attractive, and in 
certain cases have resulted in the unavailability of certain types of financing. Uncertainty in the equity and credit 
markets may negatively impact our ability to access additional financing at reasonable terms, which may adversely 
affect our ability to make acquisitions. A prolonged downturn in the equity or credit markets may cause us to 
refinance at higher rates, seek alternative sources of potentially less attractive financing, and may require us to 
adjust our business plan accordingly. In addition, these factors may make it more difficult for us to buy or sell 
properties, may adversely affect the price we purchase or receive for properties, as we and prospective buyers may 
experience increased costs of financing or difficulties in obtaining financing. These events in the equity and credit 
markets may make it more difficult or costly for us to raise capital through the issuance of common stock, preferred 
stock or debt securities. These disruptions in the financial markets also may have a material adverse effect on the 
market value of our common stock and debt securities, the income we receive from our properties and the lease 
rates we can charge for our properties, as well as other unknown adverse effects on us or the economy in general.

Inflation (including prolonged inflationary periods) may adversely affect our financial condition and results 
of operations.
Increased inflation or anticipated inflationary periods could have a more pronounced negative impact on any 
variable rate debt we incur in the future and on our results of operations. During times when inflation is greater than 
increases in rent, as provided for in our leases, rent increases may not keep up with the rate of inflation and other 
costs (including increases in employment and other fees and expenses). Government regulations may limit the 
indices we can utilize in lease adjustments and, in turn, limit our ability to increase rent in our leases. Even though 
net leases reduce our exposure to rising property expenses due to inflation, substantial inflationary pressures and 
increased costs may have an adverse impact on our clients if increases in their operating expenses exceed 
increases in revenue, which may adversely affect our clients’ ability to pay rent. The U.K. government plans to 
migrate away from the Retail Price Index (RPI), which has been widely used in lease adjustments, to alternatives 
such as the Consumer Price Index including owner occupiers' housing costs (CPIH), that may result in a lower 
measure of inflation and, in turn, have a negative impact on our lease revenue currently tied to RPI in the U.K. 
Inflationary periods may cause us to experience increased costs of financing, make it difficult to refinance debt at 
attractive rates or at all, and may adversely affect the properties we can acquire if the cost of financing an 
acquisition is in excess of our anticipated earnings from such property thereby limiting the properties that can be 
acquired. All of these may have an adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity. To 
the extent periods of high inflation are prolonged, these results may be exacerbated.

35

Item 1B:                            Unresolved Staff Comments

There are no unresolved staff comments.

Item 2:                                  Properties

Information pertaining to our properties can be found under Item 1.

Item 3:                                  Legal Proceedings

We are subject to certain claims and lawsuits in the ordinary course of business, the outcome of which cannot be 
determined at this time. In the opinion of management, any liability we might incur upon the resolution of these 
claims and lawsuits will not, in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position 
or results of operations.

Item 4:                                  Mine Safety Disclosures

None.

PART II

Item 5:         Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of 
Equity Securities

A. Our common stock is traded on the NYSE under the ticker symbol “O.” The following table shows the high and 
low sales prices per share for our common stock as reported by the NYSE, and distributions declared per share of 
common stock for the periods indicated. 

Price Per Share
of Common Stock

High

Low

Distributions 
Declared (1)

2022

First Quarter

Second Quarter

Third Quarter

Fourth Quarter

Total

2021

First Quarter

Second Quarter
Third Quarter

$ 

72.55  $ 

63.90  $ 

75.40 

75.11 

66.44 

62.29 

57.61 

55.50 

  $ 

$ 

64.60  $ 

57.00  $ 

71.84 
72.75 

63.64 
64.86 

Fourth Quarter
Total
(1) Common stock cash distributions are declared monthly by us based on financial results for the prior months. At December 31, 2022, a 

64.98 

74.60 

  $ 

0.7400 

0.7415 

0.7430 

0.7445 

2.9690 

0.7040 

0.7055 
0.7070 

0.7285 
2.8450 

distribution of $0.2485 per common share had been declared and was paid in January 2023. 

B.  There were approximately 12,300 registered holders of record of our common stock as of December 31, 2022. 
We estimate that our total number of stockholders is approximately 1.5 million when we include both registered and 
beneficial holders of our common stock.

36

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
C.  During the three months ended December 31, 2022, the following shares of stock were withheld for state and 
federal payroll taxes on the vesting of employee stock awards, as permitted under the 2021 Incentive Award Plans 
of Realty Income Corporation:

Period 

Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)

Average Price Paid per Share

October 1, 2022 — October 31, 2022

November 1, 2022 — November 31, 2022

December 1, 2022 — December 31, 2022

Total 

9,514  $ 

1,464  $ 

1,547  $ 

12,525  $ 

55.58 

64.52 

63.39 

57.59 

(1) All 12,525 shares of common stock purchased during the three months ended December 31, 2022 were withheld for state and federal payroll 

taxes on the vesting of employee stock awards, as permitted under the 2021 Incentive Award Plan of Realty Income Corporation. The 
withholding of common stock by us could be deemed a purchase of such common stock.

Item 6:                              Reserved

Item 7:                              Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

GENERAL

Realty Income, The Monthly Dividend Company®, is an S&P 500 company and member of the S&P 500 Dividend 
Aristocrats® index for having increased its dividend every year for over 25 consecutive years. We invest in people 
and places to deliver dependable monthly dividends that increase over time. We are structured as a REIT requiring 
us annually to distribute at least 90% of our taxable income (excluding net capital gains) in the form of dividends to 
our stockholders. The monthly dividends are supported by the cash flow generated from real estate owned under 
long-term net lease agreements with our commercial clients.

Realty Income was founded in 1969, and listed on the NYSE under the ticker symbol "O" in 1994. Over the past 54 
years, Realty Income has been acquiring and managing freestanding commercial properties that generate rental 
revenue under long-term net lease agreements with our commercial clients.

At December 31, 2022, our diversified portfolio consisted of:

• Owned or held interests in 12,237 properties;
•
•
•
•
•

An occupancy rate of 99.0%, or 12,111 properties leased and 126 properties available for lease or sale;
Clients doing business in 84 separate industries;
Locations in all 50 U.S. states, Puerto Rico, the U.K., Spain, and Italy;
Approximately 236.8 million square feet of leasable space;
A weighted average remaining lease term (excluding rights to extend a lease at the option of our client) of 
approximately 9.5 years; and
An average leasable space per property of approximately 19,350 square feet, approximately 13,000 square feet 
per retail property and approximately 234,100 square feet per industrial property.

•

Of the 12,237 properties in the portfolio at December 31, 2022, 12,018, or 98.2%, are single-client properties, of 
which 11,894 were leased, and the remaining are multi-client properties.

Unless otherwise specified, references to rental revenue in the Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial 
Condition and Results of Operations are exclusive of reimbursements from clients for recoverable real estate taxes 
and operating expenses totaling $184.7 million, $104.9 million and $79.4 million for the years ended December 31, 
2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. In addition, references to reserves recorded as a reduction of rental revenue 
include amounts reserved for in the current period, as well as unrecognized contractual revenue and unrecognized 
straight-line rental revenue for leases accounted for on a cash basis. 

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Capital Philosophy
Our goal is to deliver dependable monthly dividends to our shareholders that increase over time. Historically, we 
have met our principal short-term and long-term capital needs, including the funding of high-quality real estate 

37

 
 
 
 
acquisitions, property development, and capital expenditures, by issuing common stock, preferred stock, long-term 
unsecured notes and term loan borrowings. Over the long term, we believe that common stock should be the 
majority of our capital structure. We may issue common stock when we believe our share price is at a level that 
allows for the proceeds of an offering to be accretively invested into additional properties or to permanently finance 
properties that were initially financed by our revolving credit facility, commercial paper programs, or shorter-term 
debt securities. However, we cannot assure you that we will have access to the capital markets at all times and at 
terms that are acceptable to us.

Our primary cash obligations, for the current year and subsequent years, are included in the “Table of Obligations,” 
which is presented later in this section. We expect to fund our operating expenses and other short-term liquidity 
requirements, including property acquisitions and development costs, payment of principal and interest on our 
outstanding indebtedness, property improvements, re-leasing costs, and cash distributions to common 
stockholders, primarily through cash provided by operating activities, borrowings under our revolving credit facility, 
short-term term loans, and under our commercial paper programs, and through public securities offerings. As of 
December 31, 2022, there are approximately $2.0 billion of obligations becoming due during 2023, which we expect 
to fund through a combination of the following:

•
•
•
•

Cash and cash equivalents;
Future cash flows from operations;
Issuances of common stock or debt; and
Additional borrowings under our revolving credit facility (after deducting outstanding borrowings under our 
commercial paper programs).

We may choose to mitigate our financial exposure to exchange rate risk for properties acquired outside the U.S. 
through the issuance of debt securities denominated in the same local currency and through currency derivatives.  
We may leave a portion of our foreign cash flow unhedged to reinvest in additional properties in the same local 
currency.

Conservative Capital Structure
We believe that our stockholders are best served by a conservative capital structure. Therefore, we seek to maintain 
a conservative debt level on our balance sheet and solid interest and fixed charge coverage ratios. At December 31, 
2022, our total outstanding borrowings of senior unsecured notes and bonds, $250.0 million term loan, mortgages 
payable, revolving credit facility and commercial paper were $17.9 billion, or approximately 29.9% of our total 
market capitalization of $59.9 billion.

We define our total market capitalization at December 31, 2022, as the sum of:

•

Shares of our common stock outstanding of 660,300,195, plus total common units outstanding of 1,795,167, 
multiplied by the last reported sales price of our common stock on the NYSE of $63.43 per share on December 
31, 2022, or $42.0 billion;

• Outstanding borrowings of $2.0 billion on our revolving credit facility, comprised of €1.8 billion Euro and 

£70.0 million Sterling borrowings;

• Outstanding borrowings of $701.8 million on our commercial paper programs, including €361.0 million of Euro-

denominated borrowings;

• Outstanding mortgages payable of $842.3 million, excluding net mortgage premiums of $12.4 million and 

deferred financing costs of $0.8 million;

• Outstanding borrowings on our $250.0 million term loan, excluding deferred financing costs of $0.2 million; and
• Outstanding senior unsecured notes and bonds of $14.1 billion, including Sterling-denominated notes of £2.57 
billion, and excluding unamortized net premiums of $224.6 million and deferred financing costs of $60.7 million. 

Universal Shelf Registration
In June 2021, we filed a shelf registration statement with the SEC, which is effective for a term of three years and 
will expire in June 2024. In accordance with SEC rules, the amount of securities to be issued pursuant to this shelf 
registration statement was not specified when it was filed and there is no specific dollar limit. The securities covered 
by this registration statement include (1) common stock, (2) preferred stock, (3) debt securities, (4) depositary 
shares representing fractional interests in shares of preferred stock, (5) warrants to purchase debt securities, 
common stock, preferred stock, or depositary shares, and (6) any combination of these securities. We may 
periodically offer one or more of these securities in amounts, prices and on terms to be announced when and if 

38

these securities are offered. The specifics of any future offerings, along with the use of proceeds of any securities 
offered, will be described in detail in a prospectus supplement, or other offering materials, at the time of any offering.

Equity Capital Raising 
Under our ATM program, up to 120,000,000 shares of common stock may be offered and sold (1) by us to, or 
through, a consortium of banks acting as our sales agents or (2) by a consortium of banks acting as forward sellers 
on behalf of any forward purchasers contemplated thereunder, in each case by means of ordinary brokers’ 
transactions on the NYSE at prevailing market prices, at prices related to prevailing market prices or at negotiated 
prices or by any other methods permitted by applicable law. We currently expect to fully physically cash settle any 
forward sale agreement with the respective forward purchaser on one or more dates specified by us on or prior to 
the maturity date of such forward sale agreement, in which case we expect to receive aggregate net cash proceeds 
at settlement equal to the number of shares specified in such forward sale agreement multiplied by the relevant 
forward price per share. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we issued 68,608,176 shares and raised 
approximately $4.6 billion of net proceeds under the ATM programs. With respect to forward sales pursuant to our 
ATM program, we do not initially receive any proceeds from any sale of shares of our common stock borrowed by a 
forward purchaser and sold through a forward seller. As of December 31, 2022, there were 6,744,884 shares of 
common stock subject to forward sale agreements through our ATM program, with a weighted average initial price 
of $63.31 per share, representing approximately $0.4 billion in estimated net proceeds (assuming full physical 
settlement of all outstanding shares of common stock subject to such forward sale agreements and certain 
assumptions made with respect to settlement dates), which have been executed but not settled. The weighted 
average forward price at December 31, 2022 was $62.59 per share, after price deduction and adjustments. After 
deducting the 6,744,884 shares sold pursuant to forward sale confirmations that remained outstanding as of 
December 31, 2022, we had 70,620,121 shares remaining for future issuance under our ATM program. We 
anticipate maintaining the availability of our ATM program in the future, including the replenishment of authorized 
shares issuable thereunder.

Our Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan, (our "DRSPP"), provides our common stockholders, as well 
as new investors, with a convenient and economical method of purchasing our common stock and reinvesting their 
distributions. Our DRSPP also allows our current stockholders to buy additional shares of common stock by 
reinvesting all or a portion of their distributions. Our DRSPP authorizes up to 26,000,000 common shares to be 
issued. Our DRSPP includes a waiver approval process, allowing larger investors or institutions, per a formal 
approval process, to purchase shares at a small discount, if approved by us. We did not issue shares under the 
waiver approval process during the year ended December 31, 2022. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we 
issued 175,554 shares and raised approximately $11.7 million under our DRSPP. At December 31, 2022, we had 
11,159,825 shares remaining for future issuance under our DRSPP program. 

There were no issuances of common stock in underwritten public offerings during the year ended December 31, 
2022.

Revolving Credit Facility
We have a $4.25 billion unsecured revolving multicurrency credit facility that matures in June 2026, includes two 
six-month extensions that can be exercised at our option and allows us to borrow in up to 14 currencies, including 
U.S. dollars. Our revolving credit facility also has a $1.0 billion expansion feature, which is subject to obtaining 
lender commitments. Under our revolving credit facility, our current investment grade credit ratings provide for 
financing on USD borrowings at the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR"), plus 0.725% with a SOFR 
adjustment charge of 0.10% and a revolving credit facility fee of 0.125%, for all-in pricing of 0.95% over SOFR, 
British Pound Sterling at the Sterling Overnight Indexed Average (“SONIA”), plus 0.725% with a SONIA adjustment 
charge of 0.0326% and a revolving credit facility fee of 0.125%, for all-in pricing of 0.8826% over SONIA, and Euro 
Borrowings at one-month Euro Interbank Offered Rate (“EURIBOR”), plus 0.725%, and a revolving credit facility fee 
of 0.125%, for all-in pricing of 0.85% over one-month EURIBOR. 

The borrowing rate is subject to an interest rate floor and may change if our investment grade credit ratings change. 
We also have other interest rate options available to us in different currencies. Our credit facility is unsecured and 
accordingly, we have not pledged any assets as collateral for this obligation. 

At December 31, 2022, we had a borrowing capacity of $2.2 billion available on our revolving credit facility (subject 
to  customary  conditions  to  borrowings)  and  an  outstanding  balance  of  $2.0  billion,  comprised  of  €1.8  billion  Euro 
and £70.0 million Sterling borrowings. The weighted average interest rate on borrowings under our revolving credit 
facility during the year ended December 31, 2022, was 1.8% per annum. Our revolving credit facility is subject to 
various  leverage  and  interest  coverage  ration  limitations,  as  at  December  31,  2022,  we  were  in  compliance  with 

39

these covenants. We expect to use our credit facility to acquire additional properties and for other general corporate 
purposes. Any additional borrowings will increase our exposure to interest rate risk. 

Commercial Paper Programs
During July 2022, our USD-denominated unsecured commercial paper program was amended to increase the 
maximum aggregate amount of outstanding notes from $1.0 billion to $1.5 billion. We also established a Euro-
denominated unsecured commercial paper program, which permits us to issue additional unsecured commercial 
notes up to a maximum aggregate amount of $1.5 billion (or foreign currency equivalent), which may be issued in 
U.S. Dollars or various other foreign currencies, including but not limited to, Euros, Sterling, Swiss Francs, Yen, 
Canadian Dollars, and Australian Dollars, in each case, pursuant to customary terms in the European commercial 
paper note market.  At December 31, 2022, we had an outstanding balance of $701.8 million, including 
€361.0 million of Euro-denominated borrowings. The weighted average interest rate on borrowings under our 
commercial paper programs was 1.6% for the year ended December 31, 2022. The commercial paper borrowings 
outstanding at December 31, 2022 have matured and will mature between January 2023 and February 2023. We 
use our $4.25 billion revolving credit facility as a liquidity backstop for the repayment of the notes issued under the 
commercial paper programs.

We generally use our credit facility and commercial paper borrowings for the short-term financing of new property 
acquisitions. Thereafter, we generally seek to refinance those borrowings with the net proceeds of long-term or 
more permanent financing, including the issuance of equity or debt securities. We cannot assure you, however, that 
we will be able to obtain any such refinancing, or that market conditions prevailing at the time of the refinancing will 
enable us to issue equity or debt securities at acceptable terms. We regularly review our credit facility and 
commercial paper programs and may seek to extend, renew or replace our credit facility and commercial paper 
programs, to the extent we deem appropriate.

Term Loans
On January 6, 2023 we entered into the Term Loan Agreement governing our term loan, pursuant to which we 
borrowed an aggregate of approximately $1.0 billion in multicurrency borrowings, including $90.0 million, 
£705.0 million and €85.0 million in outstanding borrowings. The Term Loan Agreement also permits us to incur 
additional term loans, up to an aggregate of $1.5 billion in total borrowings. The Term Loans initially mature in 
January 2024 and include two 12-month maturity extensions that can be exercised at the company's option. Our A3/
A- credit ratings provide for a borrowing rate of 80 basis points over the applicable benchmark rate, which includes 
adjusted SOFR for USD-denominated loans, adjusted SONIA for Sterling-denominated loans, and EURIBOR for 
Euro-denominated loans.

In October 2018, in conjunction with entering into our current revolving credit facility, we entered into 
a $250.0 million senior unsecured term loan, which matures in March 2024. Prior to April 2022, borrowing under this 
term loan bore interest at the current one-month London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), plus 0.85%. In 
connection with entering into our new unsecured credit facility in April 2022, the previous LIBOR benchmark rate 
was replaced with daily SOFR, based on a five-day lookback period, and, due to our current credit ratings, is not 
subject to a credit spread adjustment. In conjunction with this term loan, we also entered into an interest rate swap, 
which was based off the daily SOFR through June 30, 2022.  As of December 31, 2022, the effective interest rate on 
this term loan, after giving effect to the interest rate swap, was 3.83%. 

Mortgage Debt
As of December 31, 2022, we had $842.3 million of mortgages payable, of which £30.7 million related to a Sterling-
denominated mortgage. The majority of our mortgages payable were assumed in connection with our merger with 
VEREIT or with our property acquisitions, including the assumption of eight mortgages on 17 properties totaling 
$45.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2022. At December 31, 2022, we had net premiums totaling 
$12.4 million on these mortgages and deferred financing costs of $0.8 million. We expect to pay off the mortgages 
payable as soon as prepayment penalties have declined to a level that would make it economically feasible to do 
so. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we made $312.2 million in principal payments, including the 
repayment of 12 mortgages in full for $308.0 million. Our mortgages contain customary covenants, such as limiting 
our ability to further mortgage each applicable property or to discontinue insurance coverage without the prior 
consent of the lender. At December 31, 2022, we were in compliance with these covenants.

40

Notes Outstanding
As of December 31, 2022, our senior unsecured note and bond obligations had a total principal amount of $14.1 
billion, including Sterling- denominated notes of £2.57 billion, and excluding net unamortized premiums of $224.6 
million and deferred financing costs of $60.7 million. See note 9. Notes Payable to our consolidated financial 
statements for the full list of senior unsecured notes and bonds, by maturity date. 

The following table summarizes the maturity of our notes and bonds payable as of December 31, 2022, excluding 
net unamortized premiums of $224.6 million and deferred financing costs of $60.7 million (dollars in millions):

Year of Maturity

2024

2025

2026

2027

Thereafter

Totals

$ 

Principal

850 

1,050 

1,575 

1,983 

8,656 

$ 

14,114 

During the year ended December 31, 2022, we issued the following notes and bonds (in millions):

 2022 Issuances

1.875% Notes

2.500% Notes

3.160% Notes

3.180% Notes

3.390% Notes

5.625% Notes

Date of 
Issuance

Maturity Date

January 2022

January 2027

January 2022

January 2042

June 2022

June 2022

June 2022

June 2030

June 2032

June 2037

October 2022

October 2032

Principal 
amount used

Price of par 
value

Effective yield 
to maturity

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

$ 

250 

250 

140 

345 

115 

750 

 99.487 %

 98.445 %

 100.000 %

 100.000 %

 100.000 %

 99.879 %

 1.974 %

 2.584 %

 3.160 %

 3.180 %

 3.390 %

 5.641 %

In January 2023, we issued $500 million of 5.05% senior unsecured notes due January 2026 and $600 million of 
4.85% senior unsecured notes due March 2030. See Note 19, Subsequent Events to our consolidated financial 
statements.

All of our outstanding notes and bonds have fixed interest rates and contain various covenants, with which we 
remained in compliance as of December 31, 2022. Interest on our £400 million of 1.625% senior unsecured notes 
issued in October 2020, our £400 million of 1.125% senior unsecured notes issued in July 2021, our £350 million of 
1.750% senior unsecured notes also issued in July 2021, our £250 million of 1.875% senior unsecured notes issued 
in January 2022, and £250 million of 2.500% senior unsecured notes also issued in January 2022 is paid annually. 
Interest on our remaining senior unsecured note and bond obligations is paid semiannually.

The following is a summary of the key financial covenants for our senior unsecured notes, as defined and calculated 
per the terms of our senior notes and bonds. These calculations, which are not based on U.S. GAAP, are presented 
to investors to show our ability to incur additional debt under the terms of our senior notes and bonds as well as to 
disclose our current compliance with such covenants and are not measures of our liquidity or performance. The 
actual amounts as of December 31, 2022, are:

Note Covenants

Limitation on incurrence of total debt

Limitation on incurrence of secured debt
Debt service coverage (trailing 12 months) (1)
Maintenance of total unencumbered assets

Required

< 60% of adjusted assets

< 40% of adjusted assets

> 1.5x

> 150% of unsecured debt

Actual

 40.3% 

 2.0% 

5.2x

 255.4% 

(1)  Our debt service coverage ratio is calculated on a pro forma basis for the preceding four-quarter period on the assumptions that: (i) the 

incurrence of any debt (as defined in the covenants) incurred by us since the first day of such four-quarter period and the application of the 
proceeds therefrom (including to refinance other debt since the first day of such four-quarter period), (ii) the repayment or retirement of any of 
our debt since the first day of such four-quarter period, and (iii) any acquisition or disposition by us of any asset or group since the first day of 
such four quarters had in each case occurred on January 1, 2022 and subject to certain additional adjustments. Such pro forma ratio has been 
prepared on the basis required by that debt service covenant, reflects various estimates and assumptions and is subject to other uncertainties, 
and therefore does not purport to reflect what our actual debt service coverage ratio would have been had transactions referred to in clauses 
(i), (ii) and (iii) of the preceding sentence occurred as of January 1, 2022, nor does it purport to reflect our debt service coverage ratio for any 

41

 
 
 
 
future period. The following is our calculation of debt service and fixed charge coverage at December 31, 2022 (in thousands, for trailing 
twelve months):

Net income available to common stockholders

Plus: interest expense, excluding the amortization of deferred financing costs

Less: gain on extinguishment of debt

Plus: provision for taxes

Plus: depreciation and amortization

Plus: provisions for impairment

Plus: pro forma adjustments

Less: gain on sales of real estate

Income available for debt service, as defined

Total pro forma debt service charge

Debt service and fixed charge coverage ratio

$ 

$ 

$ 

869,408 

451,629 

(367) 

45,183 

1,670,389 

25,860 

318,394 

(102,957) 

3,277,539 

624,301 

5.2 

Cash Reserves
We are organized to operate as an equity REIT that acquires and leases properties and distributes to stockholders, 
in the form of monthly cash distributions, a substantial portion of our net cash flow generated from leases on our 
properties. We intend to retain an appropriate amount of cash as working capital. At December 31, 2022, we had 
cash and cash equivalents totaling $171.1 million, inclusive of £74.3 million denominated in Sterling and €17.8 
million denominated in Euro. 

We believe that our cash and cash equivalents on hand, cash provided from operating activities, and borrowing 
capacity is sufficient to meet our liquidity needs for the next twelve months. We intend, however, to use permanent 
or long-term capital to fund property acquisitions and to repay future borrowings under our credit facility and 
commercial paper programs.

Credit Agency Ratings
The borrowing interest rates under our revolving credit facility are based upon our ratings assigned by credit rating 
agencies. As of December 31, 2022, we were assigned the following investment grade corporate credit ratings on 
our senior unsecured notes and bonds: Moody’s Investors Service has assigned a rating of A3 with a “stable” 
outlook and Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group has assigned a rating of A- with a “stable” outlook. In addition, we 
were assigned the following ratings on our commercial paper at December 31, 2022: Moody's Investors Service has 
assigned a rating of P-2 and Standard & Poor's Ratings Group has assigned a rating of A-2.

Based on our credit agency ratings as of December 31, 2022, interest rates under our new credit facility for U.S. 
borrowings would have been at the SOFR, plus 0.725% with a SOFR adjustment charge of 0.10% and a revolving 
credit facility fee of 0.125%, for all-in pricing of 0.95% over SOFR, for British Pound Sterling borrowings, at the 
SONIA, plus 0.725% with a SONIA adjustment charge of 0.0326% and a revolving credit facility fee of 0.125%, for 
all-in pricing of 0.8826% over SONIA, and for Euro Borrowings at one-month Euro Interbank Offered Rate 
(“EURIBOR”), plus 0.725%, and a revolving credit facility fee of 0.125%, for all-in pricing of 0.85% over one-month 
EURIBOR. In addition, our new credit facility provides that the interest rates can range between: (i) SOFR/SONIA/
EURIBOR, plus 1.40% if our credit rating is lower than BBB-/Baa3 or our senior unsecured debt is unrated and (ii) 
SOFR/SONIA/EURIBOR, plus 0.70% if our credit rating is A/A2 or higher. In addition, our credit facility provides for 
a facility commitment fee based on our credit ratings, which range from: (i) 0.30% for a rating lower than BBB-/Baa3 
or unrated, and (ii) 0.10% for a credit rating of A/A2 or higher. 

We also issue senior debt securities from time to time and our credit ratings can impact the interest rates charged in 
those transactions. If our credit ratings or ratings outlook change, our cost to obtain debt financing could increase or 
decrease. The credit ratings assigned to us could change based upon, among other things, our results of operations 
and financial condition. These ratings are subject to ongoing evaluation by credit rating agencies, and we cannot 
assure you that our ratings will not be changed or withdrawn by a rating agency in the future if, in its judgment, 
circumstances warrant. Moreover, a rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold our debt securities, preferred 
stock or common stock.

42

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table of Obligations
The following table summarizes the maturity of each of our obligations as of December 31, 2022 (dollars in millions):

Credit Facility and 
Commercial Paper 
Programs (1)

Senior 
Unsecured 
Notes and
Bonds (2)

$250.0 
million 
Term
Loan (3)

Year due

Mortgages
Payable (4)

Interest (5)

Ground
Leases Paid by
Realty Income (6)

Ground
Leases Paid by
Our Clients (7)

Other (8)

Totals

2023

$ 

701.8  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

22.0  $ 

591.5  $ 

10.6  $ 

31.2  $ 

607.4  $  1,964.5 

2024

2025

2026

2027

Thereafter

—   

850.0   

250.0   

740.5   

571.1   

—   

1,050.0   

2,027.2   

1,575.0   

—   

1,983.1   

—   

8,656.1   

—   

—   

—   

—   

42.0   

505.9   

12.0   

416.6   

22.3   

327.7   

3.5   

1,520.3   

Totals

$ 

2,729.0  $  14,114.2  $ 

250.0  $ 

842.3  $ 

3,933.1  $ 

13.3   

11.5   

17.2   

8.9   

287.6   

349.1  $ 

30.7   

19.8    2,475.4 

30.0   

—    1,639.4 

29.2   

0.8    4,078.0 

26.3   

—    2,368.3 

264.5   

—    10,732.0 

411.9  $ 

628.0  $ 23,257.6 

(1) The initial term of the credit facility expires in June 2026 and includes, at our option, two six-month extensions. At December 31, 2022, there 
were $2.0 billion borrowings under our revolving credit facility. Commercial paper programs outstanding at December 31, 2022 were $701.8 
million, which have matured and will mature between January 2023 and February 2023.

(2) Excludes non-cash net premiums recorded on notes payable of $224.6 million and deferred financing costs of $60.7 million. The table of 

obligations also excludes the January 2023 issuances of $500.0 million of senior unsecured notes due January 2026, which are callable at par 
on January 13, 2024, and $600.0 million of senior unsecured notes due March 2030, which are callable at par on January 15, 2030.

(3) Excludes deferred financing costs of $0.2 million as well as the approximately $1.0 billion multicurrency unsecured term loan entered into in 

January 2023. 

(4) Excludes both non-cash net premiums recorded on the mortgages payable of $12.4 million and deferred financing costs of $0.8 million.
(5) Interest on the term loan, notes, bonds, mortgages payable, credit facility and commercial paper programs has been calculated based on 
outstanding balances at period end through their respective maturity dates. Excludes interest on the multicurrency term loan entered into 
January 2023 for approximately$1.0 billion, which matures January 2024, as well as on our January 2023 issuances of $500 million of senior 
unsecured notes, which are callable at par on January 13, 2024, and $600 million of senior unsecured notes due March 2030. 

(6) We currently pay the ground lessors directly for the rent under the ground leases.
(7) Our clients, who are generally sub-clients under ground leases, are responsible for paying the rent under these ground leases. In the event our 

client fails to pay the ground lease rent, we are primarily responsible.

(8) “Other” consists of $606.3 million of commitments under construction contracts, and $21.7 million for re-leasing costs, recurring capital 

expenditures, and non-recurring building improvements. 

Our credit facility, commercial paper programs, term loans, and notes payable obligations are unsecured. 
Accordingly, we have not pledged any assets as collateral for these obligations.

Unconsolidated Investments
As a result of our VEREIT merger, we assumed an equity method investment in three unconsolidated entities.  In 
2022, all seven assets owned by our industrial partnerships acquired in connection with the VEREIT merger were 
sold. The gross purchase price for the properties was $905.0 million and we collected $114.0 million of net proceeds 
(after mortgage defeasance and closing costs) to date, representing our proportionate share of partnership 
distributions. Up until the point of sale of these properties, we were responsible for funding our proportionate share 
of any operating cash deficits pursuant to the governance documents of the applicable entities. There are no further 
material commitments related to those investments. 

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Critical Accounting Policies
Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and are the basis for our 
discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations. Preparing our consolidated financial 
statements requires us to make a number of estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and 
disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. We believe that we have made these estimates and 
assumptions in an appropriate manner and in a way that accurately reflects our financial condition. We continually 
test and evaluate these estimates and assumptions using our historical knowledge of the business, as well as other 
factors, to ensure that they are reasonable for reporting purposes. However, actual results may differ from these 
estimates and assumptions. This summary should be read in conjunction with the more complete discussion of our 
accounting policies and procedures included in note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Procedures 
and New Accounting Standards, to our consolidated financial statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the 
year ended December 31, 2022.

43

 
 
 
 
 
In order to prepare our consolidated financial statements according to the rules and guidelines set forth by U.S. 
GAAP, many subjective judgments must be made with regard to critical accounting policies. Management must 
make significant assumptions in determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. When 
acquiring a property for investment purposes, we typically allocate the cost of real estate acquired, inclusive of 
transaction costs, to: (1) land, (2) building and improvements, and (3) identified intangible assets and liabilities, 
based in each case on their relative estimated fair values. Intangible assets and liabilities consist of above-market or 
below-market lease value and the value of in-place leases, as applicable. Additionally, above-market rents on 
certain leases under which we are a lessor are accounted for as financing receivables amortizing over the lease 
term, while below-market rents on certain leases under which we are a lessor are accounted for as prepaid rent. In 
an acquisition of multiple properties, we must also allocate the purchase price among the properties. The allocation 
of the purchase price is based on our assessment of estimated fair value of the land, building and improvements, 
and identified intangible assets and liabilities and is often based upon the various characteristics of the market 
where the property is located. In addition, any assumed mortgages are recorded at their estimated fair values. The 
estimated fair values of our mortgages payable have been calculated by discounting the future cash flows using 
applicable interest rates that have been adjusted for factors, such as industry type, client investment grade, maturity 
date, and comparable borrowings for similar assets. The use of different assumptions in the allocation of the 
purchase price of the acquired properties and liabilities assumed could affect the timing of recognition of the related 
revenue and expenses.

Another significant judgment must be made as to if, and when, impairment losses should be taken on our properties 
when events or a change in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. If 
estimated future operating cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges) plus estimated disposition 
proceeds (undiscounted) are less than the current book value of the property, a fair value analysis is performed and, 
to the extent the estimated fair value is less than the current book value, a provision for impairment is recorded to 
reduce the book value to estimated fair value. Key inputs that we utilize in this analysis include projected rental 
rates, estimated holding periods, capital expenditures, and property sales capitalization rates. If a property is held 
for sale, it is carried at the lower of carrying cost or estimated fair value, less estimated cost to sell. The carrying 
value of our real estate is the largest component of our consolidated balance sheets. Our strategy of primarily 
holding properties, long-term, directly decreases the likelihood of their carrying values not being recoverable, thus 
requiring the recognition of an impairment. However, if our strategy, or one or more of the above assumptions were 
to change in the future, an impairment may need to be recognized. If events should occur that require us to reduce 
the carrying value of our real estate by recording provisions for impairment, they could have a material impact on 
our results of operations.

The following is a comparison of our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 
2020.

Total Revenue
The following summarizes our total revenue (dollars in thousands):

Years ended December 31,

2022

2021

2020

2022
versus 
2021

Increase

2021
versus
2020

REVENUE

Rental (excluding reimbursable)

$  3,114,975  $  1,960,107  $ 

1,560,171  $ 

1,154,868  $ 

399,936 

Rental (reimbursable)

Other

Total revenue

184,682 

44,024 

104,851 

15,505 

79,362  $ 

79,831  $ 

7,554  $ 

28,519  $ 

25,489 

7,951 

$  3,343,681  $  2,080,463  $ 

1,647,087  $ 

1,263,218  $ 

433,376 

The increase in total revenue primarily relates to the merger with VEREIT and acquisitions for the years ended 
December 31, 2022 and 2021. 

44

 
 
 
 
 
 
Rental Revenue (excluding reimbursable)
The table below summarizes our rental revenue (excluding reimbursable, dollars in thousands): 

Number of 
Properties

Square 
Footage (1)

Years ended December 31,

Increase/
(Decrease)

2022

2021

$ Change

Properties acquired during 2022 & 

2021

Same store rental revenue(2)
Orion Divestiture(3)
Constant currency adjustment(4)
Properties sold during and prior to 

2022

Straight-line rent and other non-

cash adjustments

Vacant rents, development and 

other (5)

2,314 

  53,632,497  $ 

550,676  $ 

134,652  $ 

416,024 

9,615 

  167,391,055 

2,453,030 

92 

  10,093,123 

N/A

N/A  

426 

9,771,221 

N/A

N/A  

308 

7,257,983 

430 

4,483 

18,465 

20,778 

55,903 

2,410,302 

154,444 

18,020 

42,728 

(154,014) 

(13,537) 

57,659 

(39,194) 

20,711 

67 

52,341 

3,562 

Other excluded revenue (6)
Less: VEREIT rental revenue (7)
Totals
(1) Excludes 5,909,738 square feet from properties ground leased to clients and 2,654,136 square feet from properties with no land or building 

3,114,975  $ 

1,960,107  $ 

(898,573)   

10,551 

11,210 

N/A  

N/A  

N/A

N/A

— 

$ 

1,154,868 

898,573 

659 

ownership.

(2) The same store rental revenue percentage increase for the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared with the same period in the prior 

year is 1.8%.

(3) Following of the closing of our merger with VEREIT, we contributed 92 office real estate assets, a consolidated real estate venture holding one 
office asset, and an unconsolidated real estate venture holding five office assets to a wholly owned subsidiary named Orion Office REIT Inc. 
("Orion"). On November 12, 2021, we distributed the outstanding shares of Orion common stock to our shareholders (including legacy VEREIT 
stockholders who received shares of our common stock in our merger with VEREIT) on a pro rata basis at a rate of one share of Orion 
common stock for every ten shares of Realty Income common stock held on November 12, 2021, the applicable record date, which we refer to 
as the Orion Divestiture.

(4) For purposes of comparability, same store rental revenue is presented on a constant currency basis using the exchange rate as of December 

31, 2022, of 1.20 British Pound Sterling ("GBP")/USD. None of the properties in Spain or Italy met our same store pool definition for the 
periods presented.

(5) Relates to the aggregate of (i) rental revenue from properties (292 properties comprising 6,552,442 square feet) that were available for lease 

during part of 2022 or 2021, and (ii) rental revenue for properties (16 properties comprising 705,541 square feet) under development or 
completed developments that do not meet our same store pool definition for the periods presented.

(6) Primarily consists of reimbursements for tenant improvements and rental revenue that is not contractual base rent such as lease termination 

settlements.

(7) Amounts for the year ended December 31, 2021 represent rental revenue from VEREIT properties, which were not included in our financial 

statements prior to the close of the merger on November 1, 2021.

The table below summarizes the increase in rental revenue (excluding reimbursable) in 2021 compared to 2020 
(dollars in thousands):

Properties acquired during 2021 & 2020
Same store rental revenue (2)
Orion Divestiture
Constant currency adjustment (3)
Properties sold during and prior to 2021

Straight-line rent and other non-cash 

adjustments

Vacant rents, development and other (4)
Other excluded revenue (5)
Totals

Years Ended December 31, 

Increase/
(Decrease)

Number of 
Properties

Square 
Footage (1)

2021

2020

$ Change

4,953    105,839,422  $ 

413,546  $ 

51,951  $ 

361,595 

6,046   

93,607,451   

1,457,648   

1,418,502   

92   

10,074,923   

45,047   

N/A

N/A  

283   

5,930,654   

N/A

N/A  

137   

2,650,240   

N/A

N/A  

2,025   

6,668   

11,646   

11,296   

12,231   

50,401   

(2,861)  

21,919   

(3,587)  

14,422   

9,424   

39,146 

(5,354) 

4,886 

(15,251) 

15,233 

(3,126) 

2,807 

$ 

1,960,107  $ 

1,560,171  $ 

399,936 

45

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1) Excludes 5,869,364 square feet from properties ground leased to clients and 2,100,990 square feet from properties with no land or building 

ownership.

(2) The same store rental revenue percentage increase for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared with the same period in the

prior year is 2.8%.

(3) For purposes of comparability, same store rental revenue is presented on a constant currency basis using the exchange rate as of December 

31, 2021 of 1.35 GBP/USD. None of the properties in Spain met our same store pool definition for the periods presented. In addition, the same 
store pool excludes properties assumed on November 1, 2021 as a result of our merger with VEREIT.

(4) Relates to the aggregate of (i) rental revenue from properties (128 properties comprising 2,292,635 square feet) that were available for lease 

during part of 2021 or 2020, (ii) rental revenue for properties (nine properties comprising 357,605 square feet) under development or 
completed developments that do not meet our same store pool definition for the periods presented.

(5) Primarily consists of reimbursements for tenant improvements and rental revenue that is not contractual base rent such as lease termination 

settlements.

For purposes of determining the same store rent property pool, we include all properties that were owned for the 
entire year-to-date period, for both the current and prior year, except for properties during the current or prior year 
that; (i) were vacant at any time, (ii) were under development or redevelopment, or (iii) were involved in eminent 
domain and rent was reduced. Beginning with the first quarter of 2022, properties acquired through the merger with 
VEREIT were considered under each element of our same store pool criterion, except for the requirement that the 
property be owned for the full comparative period.  If the property was owned by VEREIT for the full comparative 
period and each of the other criteria were met, the property was included in our same store property pool. Each of 
the exclusions from the same store pool are separately addressed within the applicable sentences above, 
explaining the changes in rental revenue for the period. 

Our  calculation  of  same  store  rental  revenue  includes  rent  deferred  for  future  payment  as  a  result  of  lease 
concessions  we  granted  in  response  to  the  COVID-19  pandemic  and  recognized  under  the  practical  expedient 
provided by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB"). Our calculation of same store rental revenue 
also  includes  uncollected  rent  for  which  we  have  not  granted  a  lease  concession.  If  these  applicable  amounts  of 
rent deferrals and uncollected rent were excluded from our calculation of same store rental revenue, the increases 
for 2022 relative to 2021 and 2021 relative to 2020 would have been 2.3% and 7.7%, respectively.

Of the 12,237 properties in the portfolio at December 31, 2022, 12,018, or 98.2%, are single-client properties and 
the remaining are multi-client properties. Of the 12,018 single-client properties, 11,894, or 99.0%, were net leased at 
December 31, 2022.

Of the 12,797 in-place leases in the portfolio, which excludes 181 vacant units, 10,835, or 84.7%, were under 
leases that provide for increases in rents through:

•
•
•
•

Base rent increases tied to inflation (typically subject to ceilings);
Percentage rent based on a percentage of the clients’ gross sales;
Fixed increases; or
A combination of two or more of the above rent provisions.

Rent based on a percentage of our client's gross sales, or percentage rent, was $14.9 million, $6.5 million and $5.1 
million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Percentage rent represents less than 
1% of rental revenue.

At December 31, 2022, our portfolio of 12,237 properties was 99.0% leased with 126 properties available for lease, 
as compared to 98.5% leased with 164 properties available for lease at December 31, 2021. It has been our 
experience that approximately 1% to 4% of our property portfolio will be available for lease at any given time; 
however, it is possible that the number of properties available for lease or sale could increase in the future, given 
the nature of economic cycles and other unforeseen global events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

Rental Revenue (reimbursable)
A number of our leases provide for contractually obligated reimbursements from clients for recoverable real estate 
taxes and operating expenses. The increase in contractually obligated reimbursements by our clients in the periods 
presented is primarily due to the growth of our portfolio due to acquisitions.

Other Revenue
Other revenue primarily relates to interest income recognized on financing receivables for certain leases with 
above-market terms. The increases in the periods presented are due to additional leases with above-market terms, 
which is proportional to overall portfolio growth.

46

Total Expenses
The following summarizes our total expenses (dollars in thousands):

EXPENSES

Depreciation and amortization

$  1,670,389 

$ 

897,835 

$  677,038 

$ 

772,554  $ 

220,797 

Years ended December 31,

Increase/(Decrease)

2022

2021

2020

2022
versus 
2021

2021
versus
2020

Interest

Property (excluding reimbursable)

Property (reimbursable)
General and administrative (2)
Provisions for impairment

Merger and integration-related costs

Total expenses
Total revenue (1)
General and administrative expenses as 

a percentage of total revenue (1)

Property expenses (excluding 

reimbursable) as a percentage of total 
revenue (1)

465,223 

41,648 

184,682 

138,459 

25,860 

13,897 

323,644 

  309,336 

141,579 

28,754 

104,851 

96,980 

25,241 

79,362 

73,215 

12,894 

79,831 

41,479 

14,308 

3,513 

25,489 

23,765 

38,967 

  147,232 

(13,107)   

(108,265) 

167,413 

— 

(153,516)   

167,413 

$  2,540,158 

$  1,658,444 

$ 1,311,424 

$ 

881,714  $ 

347,020 

$  3,158,999 

$  1,975,612 

  1,567,725 

 4.4 %

 4.9 %

 4.4 %

 1.3 %

 1.5 %

 1.6 %

(1) Excludes rental revenue (reimbursable). 
(2) General and administrative expenses for 2020 included an executive severance charge related to the departure of our former Chief Financial 
Officer ("CFO") in March 2020. The total value of cash, stock compensation and professional fees incurred as a result of this severance was 
$3.5 million and was recorded to general and administrative expense. In order to present a normalized calculation of our general and 
administrative expenses as a percentage of total revenue for 2020, we have excluded this executive severance charge to arrive at a 
normalized general and administrative amount of $69.8 million which was used for our calculation.

Depreciation and Amortization
The increase in depreciation and amortization is primarily due to the acquisition of properties in 2022 and 2021, 
which was partially offset by property sales in those same periods. The 2021 acquisition volume was primarily 
driven by the merger with VEREIT. As discussed in the sections entitled “Funds from Operations Available to 
Common Stockholders (FFO) and Normalized Funds from Operations Available to Common Stockholders 
(Normalized FFO)" and “Adjusted Funds from Operations Available to Common Stockholders (AFFO),” depreciation 
and amortization is a non-cash item that is added back to net income available to common stockholders for our 
calculation of FFO, Normalized FFO, and AFFO.

47

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest Expense
The following is a summary of the components of our interest expense (dollars in thousands):

Years ended December 31,

2022

2021

2020

Interest on our credit facility, commercial paper, $250.0 million term 

loan, notes, mortgages and interest rate swaps

$ 

523,384 

$ 

320,370 

$ 

293,879 

Credit facility commitment fees

Amortization of debt origination and deferred financing costs

Loss on interest rate swaps

Amortization of net mortgage premiums

Amortization of net note premiums

Interest capitalized

Capital lease obligation

Interest expense

4,908 

14,149 

718 

(13,622) 

(62,989) 

(2,789) 

1,464 

3,801 

11,695 

2,905 

(3,498) 

(10,349) 

(1,926) 

646 

3,812 

10,694 

4,132 

(1,258) 

(1,754) 

(480) 

311 

$ 

465,223 

$ 

323,644 

$ 

309,336 

Credit facility, commercial paper, $250.0 million term loan, 

mortgages and notes

Average outstanding balances (dollars in thousands)

$ 

16,460,928 

$ 

10,024,343 

$ 

8,240,829 

Average interest rates

 3.15 %

 3.11 %

 3.48 %

The increase in interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2022 is primarily due to the following: (i) the 
October 2022 issuance of $750.0 million in principal of notes, (ii) the June 2022 issuance of £600 million in principal 
of Sterling-denominated notes, (iii) the January 2022 issuance of £500 million in principal of Sterling-denominated 
notes, (iv) the issuance of $4.65 billion in principal of notes associated with the exchange offer and assumption of 
$839.1 million in principal of mortgage debt, both associated with our merger with VEREIT in November 2021, and 
(v) the July 2021 issuance of £750 million in principal of Sterling-denominated notes, as well as higher average 
balances and interest rates on the credit facility and commercial paper borrowings, partially offset by the December 
2021 early redemption on all $750.0 million in principal of the 4.650% notes due August 2023, and the January 2021 
early redemption on all $950.0 million in principal of the 3.250% notes due October 2022.

The increase in interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2021 is primarily due to the issuance of $4.65 
billion in principal of notes associated with our merger with VEREIT as discussed above, the issuance of senior 
unsecured notes during 2020 and 2021 outside of our merger with VEREIT, which included aggregate totals of 
$1.68 billion in principal of USD-denominated notes and £1.15 billion in principal of Sterling-denominated notes, 
partially offset by the early redemptions during 2021 and 2020 of $1.2 billion of notes, increases in amortization of 
net note and mortgage premiums, and lower average balances on our credit facility and commercial paper 
borrowings.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the weighted average interest rate on our:

•
•
•

Revolving credit facility outstanding borrowings of $2.0 billion was 1.8%;
Commercial paper outstanding borrowings of $701.8 million was 1.6%;
Term loan outstanding of $250.0 million (excluding deferred financing costs of $0.2 million) was swapped to 
fixed at 3.8%;

• Mortgages payable of $842.3 million (excluding net premiums totaling $12.4 million and deferred financing 

•

•

costs of $0.8 million on these mortgages) was 4.8%; 
Notes and bonds payable of $14.1 billion (excluding net unamortized original issue premiums of 
$224.6 million and deferred financing costs of $60.7 million) was 3.3%; and
Notes, bonds, mortgages, $250.0 million term loan, and credit facility and commercial paper borrowings of 
$17.9 billion (excluding all net premiums and deferred financing costs) was 3.15%.

48

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property Expenses (excluding reimbursable)
Property expenses (excluding reimbursable) consist of costs associated with properties available for lease, non-net-
leased properties and general portfolio expenses. Expenses related to properties available for lease and non-net-
leased properties include, but are not limited to, property taxes, maintenance, insurance, utilities, property 
inspections and legal fees. General portfolio costs include, but are not limited to, insurance, legal, property 
inspections, and title search fees. At December 31, 2022, 126 properties were available for lease or sale, as 
compared to 164 at December 31, 2021, and 140 at December 31, 2020.

The increase in property expenses (excluding reimbursable) for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 is 
primarily due to the increase in portfolio size, resulting in higher utilities, repairs and maintenance, property-related 
legal expenses, property taxes, insurance expenses and reserves for contractually obligated reimbursements by our 
clients. 

Property Expenses (reimbursable)
The increase in property expenses (reimbursable) for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, is primarily 
attributable to our increased portfolio size, which contributed to higher operating expenses as a result of our 
acquisitions during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, and an increase in ground lease rent, insurance, 
and property taxes paid on behalf of our clients.

General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses are expenditures related to the operations of our company, including 
employee-related costs, professional fees, and other general overhead costs associated with running our business.

The increase in general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2022 is primarily due to 
higher payroll-related costs, corporate-level professional fees, corporate occupancy costs, and information 
technology costs associated with the growth of the company, including the merger with VEREIT. The increase in 
general and administrative expenses for 2021 is primarily due to higher payroll-related costs and corporate-level 
professional fees.    

Provisions for Impairment
The following table summarizes provisions for impairment during the periods indicated below (dollars in millions):

Carrying value prior to impairment

Less: total provisions for impairment

Carrying value after impairment

$ 

$ 

2022

140.9  $ 

(25.9)   

115.0  $ 

Years ended December 31,

2021

169.2  $ 

(39.0)   

130.2  $ 

2020

260.8 

(147.2) 

113.6 

The impairments for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 primarily relate to properties sold, in the 
process of being sold, or vacant.

We identify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic as an impairment triggering event for properties occupied by 
certain of our clients experiencing difficulties meeting their lease obligations to us. After considering the impacts of 
the COVID-19 pandemic on the key assumptions, we determined that the carrying values of 38 properties classified 
as held for investment for the year ended December 31, 2020 were not recoverable. As a result, we recorded 
provisions for impairment of $105.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 on the applicable properties 
impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. 

Merger and Integration-Related Costs
In conjunction with our merger with VEREIT, we incurred approximately $13.9 million and $167.4 million of merger 
and integration-related transaction costs during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. There 
were no such costs incurred during the year ended December 31, 2020. Merger and integration-related costs 
consist of advisory fees, attorney fees, accountant fees, SEC filing fees and additional incremental and non-
recurring costs necessary to convert data and systems, retain employees and otherwise enable us to operate the 
acquired business or assets efficiently.

Gain on Sales of Real Estate
The following summarizes our property dispositions, excluding our proportionate share of net proceeds from the 
disposition of properties by our consolidated industrial partnerships in 2022 (dollars in millions):

49

 
Number of properties sold

Net sales proceeds

Gain on sales of real estate

2022

168 

434.9  $ 

102.7  $ 

$ 

$ 

Years ended December 31,

2021

154 

250.3  $ 

55.8  $ 

2020

126 

262.5 

76.2 

Foreign Currency and Derivative Gains (Losses), Net
We borrow in the functional currencies of the countries in which we invest. Net foreign currency gain and loss are 
primarily related to the remeasurement of intercompany debt from foreign subsidiaries. Gain and loss on foreign 
currency are largely offset by derivative gain and loss. 

Derivative gain and loss relates to mark-to-market adjustments on derivatives that do not qualify for hedge 
accounting. Net derivative gain and loss are primarily related to realized and unrealized short term currency 
exchange swaps. Gain and loss on derivatives are largely offset by foreign currency gain and loss.

In June 2022, following the early prepayment of our Sterling-denominated intercompany loan receivable from our 
consolidated foreign subsidiaries, we terminated the four cross-currency swaps used to hedge the foreign currency 
exposure of the intercompany loan. As the hedge relationship was terminated and the future principal and interest 
associated with the prepaid intercompany loan will not occur, $20.0 million gain was reclassified from accumulated 
other comprehensive income ("AOCI"), to 'Foreign currency and derivative (loss) gain, net' during the year ended 
December 31, 2022. The reclassification from AOCI was offset by $7.9 million in losses from the intercompany loan 
remeasurement on the final exchange. 

Gain (loss) on extinguishment of debt
We redeemed the following principal amounts (in millions) of certain outstanding notes and mortgages, prior to their 
maturity. As a result of these early redemptions, we recognized the following losses on extinguishment of debt (in 
millions) in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. There were no comparable 
repayments for the year ended December 31, 2022.

2021 Repayments

Principal Amount (1)

Amount of Loss

Period Recognized 

Gain (Loss) on Extinguishment of Debt

4.650% notes due August 2023 redeemed in December 2021

Mortgage due June 2022 redeemed in October 2021

Mortgage due June 2032 redeemed in September 2021

3.250% notes due October 2022 redeemed in January 2021

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

Total 2021 repayments

2020 Repayments

750.0  $ 

9.6  $ 

12.5  $ 

950.0  $ 

$ 

5.750% notes due January 2021 redeemed in January 2020
(1)  The redeemed principal amounts presented exclude the amounts we paid in accrued and unpaid interest.

250.0  $ 

$ 

46.4 

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2021

September 30, 2021

March 31, 2021

0.3 

4.0 

46.5 

97.2 

9.8 

March 31, 2020

Equity in Income and Impairment of Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Equity in income and impairment of investment in unconsolidated entities for the years ended December 31, 2022 
and 2021 relate to three equity method investments that were acquired in our merger with VEREIT. The loss for the 
year ended December 31, 2022 is primarily driven by an other than temporary impairment. There were no 
comparative investments for the year ended December 31, 2020. During 2022 all seven of the properties owned by 
our industrial partnerships acquired in connection with the VEREIT merger were sold.

Other Income, Net
Certain miscellaneous non-recurring revenue is included in other income, net. The increase for the year ended 
December 31, 2022 as compared to 2021, is primarily related to an increase in gain on insurance proceeds from 
recoveries on property losses exceeding our carrying value, an increase in gain from the involuntary conversions of 
real estate, gains on land sales and higher interest income due to higher average cash balances. 

50

 
 
 
The increase for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2020, is 
primarily related to an increase in gain on insurance proceeds from recoveries on property losses exceeding our 
carrying value and an increase in gain from the involuntary conversions of real estate, which was partially offset by 
a decrease in interest income from lower average cash balances.

Income Taxes
Income taxes are for city and state income and franchise taxes, and for international income taxes accrued or paid 
by us and our subsidiaries. The increase in income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 is 
primarily attributable to our increased volume of U.K. investments, which contributed to higher U.K. income taxes for 
both years. 

Net Income Available to Common Stockholders
The following summarizes our net income available to common stockholders (dollars in millions, except per share 
data):

Years ended December 31, % Increase/(Decrease)

2022

2021

2020

2022
versus 
2021

2021
versus
2020

Net income available to common stockholders
Net income per share (1)

$ 

$ 

869.4  $ 

359.5  $ 

395.5 

 141.8 %

 (9.1) %

1.42  $ 

0.87  $ 

1.14 

 63.2 %

 (23.7) %

(1) All per share amounts are presented on a diluted per common share basis.

The calculation to determine net income available to common stockholders includes provisions for impairment, gain 
from the sale of properties, and foreign currency gain and loss, which can vary from period to period based on 
timing and significantly impact net income available to common stockholders.

The increase in net income available to common stockholders for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to 
the year ended December 31, 2021 primarily related to the increase in the size of our portfolio due to the merger 
with VEREIT, which closed on November 1, 2021, gain on insurance proceeds from recoveries on property losses 
exceeding our carrying value, and $13.9 million of  merger and integration-related costs related to our merger with 
VEREIT. The increases were partially offset by reserves to rental revenue of $4.0 million (of which $1.7 million was 
related to straight-line rent receivables) for the year ended December 31, 2022. Net income available to common 
stockholders for the year ended December 31, 2021, was impacted by the following transactions: (i) a $97.2 million 
loss on extinguishment of debt, which primarily includes $46.5 million related to the January 2021 early redemption 
of the 3.250% notes due October 2022 recorded in the three months ended March 31, 2021 and $46.4 million 
related to the December 2021 early redemption of the 4.650% notes due August 2023 recorded in the three months 
ended December 31, 2021, (ii) $167.4 million of merger and integration-related costs related to our merger with 
VEREIT, and (iii) $14.7 million of reserves to rental revenue (of which $4.5 million was related to straight-line rent 
receivables). Net income available to common stockholders for the year ended December 31, 2020 was primarily 
impacted by the following transactions: (i) $147.2 million of provisions for impairment, (ii) $52.5 million in net 
reserves recorded as a reduction of rental revenue, (iii) a $9.8 million loss on extinguishment of debt due to the 
January 2020 early redemption of the 5.750% notes due January 2021, and (iv) a $3.5 million executive severance 
charge for our former CFO.

51

Adjusted Earnings before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization for Real Estate ("Adjusted 
EBITDAre")
Nareit established an EBITDA metric for real estate companies (i.e., EBITDA for real estate, or EBITDAre) it 
believed would provide investors with a consistent measure to help make investment decisions among REITs. Our 
definition of “Adjusted EBITDAre” is generally consistent with the Nareit definition, other than our adjustments to 
remove foreign currency and derivative gain and loss, excluding gain and loss from the settlement of foreign 
currency forwards not designated as hedges (which is consistent with our previous calculations of "Adjusted 
EBITDA"). We define Adjusted EBITDAre, a non–GAAP financial measure, for the most recent quarter as earnings 
(net income) before (i) interest expense, including non-cash loss (gain) on swaps, (ii) income and franchise taxes, 
(iii) gain (loss) on extinguishment of debt, (iv) real estate depreciation and amortization, (v) provisions for 
impairment, (vi) merger and integration-related costs, (vii) gain on sales of real estate, (viii) foreign currency and 
derivative gain, net (as described in the Adjusted Funds from Operations section), (ix) gain on settlement of foreign 
currency forwards, and (x) equity in income of investment in unconsolidated entities. Our Adjusted EBITDAre may 
not be comparable to Adjusted EBITDAre reported by other companies or as defined by Nareit, and other 
companies may interpret or define Adjusted EBITDAre differently than we do. Management believes Adjusted 
EBITDAre to be a meaningful measure of a REIT’s performance because it provides a view of our operating 
performance, analyzes our ability to meet interest payment obligations before the effects of income tax, depreciation 
and amortization expense, provisions for impairment, gain on sales of real estate and other items, as defined above, 
that affect comparability, including the removal of non-recurring and non-cash items that industry observers believe 
are less relevant to evaluating the operating performance of a company. In addition, EBITDAre is widely followed by 
industry analysts, lenders, investors, rating agencies, and others as a means of evaluating the operational cash 
generating capacity of a company prior to servicing debt obligations. Management also believes the use of an 
annualized quarterly Adjusted EBITDAre metric, which we refer to as Annualized Adjusted EBITDAre, is meaningful 
because it represents our current earnings run rate for the period presented. Annualized Adjusted EBITDAre and 
Annualized Pro Forma Adjusted EBITDAre, as defined below, are also used to determine the vesting of 
performance share awards granted to executive officers. Annualized Adjusted EBITDAre should be considered 
along with, but not as an alternative to net income as a measure of our operating performance. We define 
Annualized Pro Forma Adjusted EBITDAre as Annualized Adjusted EBITDAre, subject to certain adjustments to 
incorporate Adjusted EBITDAre from properties we acquired or stabilized during the applicable quarter and to 
remove Adjusted EBITDAre from properties we disposed of during the applicable quarter, and includes transaction 
accounting adjustments in accordance with U.S. GAAP, giving pro forma effect to all transactions as if they occurred 
at the beginning of the applicable period. Our calculation includes all adjustments consistent with the requirements 
to present Adjusted EBITDAre on a pro forma basis in accordance with Article 11 of Regulation S-X. The Annualized 
Pro Forma Adjustments are consistent with the debt service coverage ratio calculated under financial covenants for 
our senior unsecured notes. We believe Annualized Pro Forma Adjusted EBITDAre is a useful non-GAAP 
supplemental measure, as it excludes properties that were no longer owned at the balance sheet date and includes 
the annualized rent from properties acquired during the quarter. Management also uses our ratios of net debt-to-
Annualized Adjusted EBITDAre and net debt-to Annualized Pro Forma Adjusted EBITDAre as measures of leverage 
in assessing our financial performance, which is calculated as net debt (which we define as total debt per the 
consolidated balance sheets, excluding deferred financing costs and net premiums and discounts, but including our 
proportionate share on debt from unconsolidated entities, less cash and cash equivalents), divided by annualized 
quarterly Adjusted EBITDAre and annualized Pro Forma Adjusted EBITDAre, respectively.

52

The following is a reconciliation of net income (which we believe is the most comparable U.S. GAAP measure) to 
Adjusted EBITDAre and Annualized Pro Forma EBITDAre calculations for the periods indicated below (dollars in 
thousands):

Three months ended December 31,

Net income

Interest

Loss on extinguishment of debt

Income taxes

Depreciation and amortization

Provisions for impairment

Merger and integration-related costs

Gain on sales of real estate

Foreign currency and derivative gains, net

Gain on settlement of foreign currency forwards

Proportionate share of adjustments for unconsolidated 

entities

Quarterly Adjusted EBITDAre
Annualized Adjusted EBITDAre (1)
Annualized Pro Forma Adjustments 

Annualized Pro Forma Adjusted EBITDAre

Total debt per the consolidated balance sheets, 

excluding deferred financing costs and net premiums 
and discounts 

Proportionate share for unconsolidated entities debt, 
excluding deferred financing costs

Less: Cash and cash equivalents
Net Debt (2)
Net Debt/Annualized Adjusted EBITDAre

Net Debt/Annualized Pro Forma Adjusted EBITDAre

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

2022

$ 

228,336 

$ 

2021

4,467 

$ 

131,290 

— 

9,381 

438,174 

9,481 

903 

(9,346) 

(2,692) 

2,139 

100,739 

46,722 

10,128 

333,229 

7,990 

137,332 

(20,402) 

(1,880) 

— 

113 

807,779 

3,231,116 

119,876 

3,350,992 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

1,581 

619,906 

2,479,624 

358,560 

2,838,184 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

2020

118,150 

78,764 

— 

4,500 

175,041 

23,790 

— 

(22,667) 

(3,311) 

— 

— 

374,267 

1,497,068 

25,910 

1,522,978 

17,935,539 

$ 

15,172,849 

$ 

8,852,036 

— 

(171,102) 

86,006 

(258,579) 

— 

(824,476) 

$ 

17,764,437 

$ 

15,000,276 

$ 

8,027,560 

5.5x 

5.3x 

6.0x 

5.3x 

5.4x 

5.3x 

(1) We calculate Annualized Adjusted EBITDAre by multiplying the Quarterly Adjusted EBITDAre by four.
(2) Net Debt is total debt per our consolidated balance sheets, excluding deferred financing costs and net premiums and discounts, but including 

our proportionate share on debt from unconsolidated entities, less cash and cash equivalents. 

As described above, the Annualized Pro Forma Adjustments, which includes transaction accounting adjustments in 
accordance with GAAP, consists of adjustments to incorporate the Adjusted EBITDAre from properties we acquired 
or stabilized during the applicable quarter and removes Adjusted EBITDAre from properties we disposed of during 
the applicable quarter, giving pro forma effect to all transactions as if they occurred at the beginning of the period, 
consistent with the requirements of Article 11 of Regulation S-X. The following table summarizes our Annualized Pro 
Forma Adjusted EBITDAre calculation for the periods indicated below:

Dollars in thousands

Annualized pro forma adjustments from properties 
acquired or stabilized

Annualized pro forma adjustments from properties 
disposed

Annualized Pro forma Adjustments

$ 

$ 

Three months ended December 31,

2022

2021

2020

120,408  $ 

400,575  $ 

27,431 

(532)   

119,876  $ 

(42,015)   

358,560  $ 

(1,521) 

25,910 

53

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FUNDS FROM OPERATIONS AVAILABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS AND NORMALIZED FUNDS FROM 
OPERATIONS AVAILABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS

We define FFO, a non-GAAP measure, consistent with the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts' 
definition, as net income available to common stockholders, plus depreciation and amortization of real estate 
assets, plus provisions for impairments of depreciable real estate assets, and reduced by gain on property sales. 
We define Normalized FFO, a non-GAAP financial measure, as FFO excluding merger and integration-related costs 
related to our merger with VEREIT. We define diluted FFO and diluted normalized FFO as FFO and normalized FFO 
adjusted for dilutive noncontrolling interests. 

The following summarizes our FFO and Normalized FFO (dollars in millions, except per share data):

Years ended December 31, % Increase/(Decrease)

FFO available to common stockholders
FFO per share (1)
Normalized FFO available to common 

stockholders

Normalized FFO per share (1)

2022

2021

2020

2,471.9  $ 

1,240.6  $ 

1,142.1 

4.04  $ 

2.99  $ 

3.31 

2,485.8  $ 

1,408.0  $ 

1,142.1 

4.06  $ 

3.39  $ 

3.31 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

(1) All per share amounts are presented on a diluted per common share basis.

2022
versus 
2021

 99.3 %

 35.1 %

 76.5 %

 19.8 %

2021
versus
2020

 8.6 %

 (9.7) %

 23.3 %

 2.4 %

FFO and Normalized FFO for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 were impacted by the same 
transactions listed under "Net Income Available to Common Stockholders" on page 51, with the exception of 
provisions for impairment, which do not impact FFO and Normalized FFO. 

The following is a reconciliation of net income available to common stockholders (which we believe is the most 
comparable U.S. GAAP measure) to FFO and Normalized FFO. Also presented is information regarding 
distributions paid to common stockholders and the weighted average number of common shares used for the basic 
and diluted computation per share (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts):

54

2022

2021

Net income available to common stockholders

$ 

869,408  $ 

359,456  $ 

Depreciation and amortization

Depreciation of furniture, fixtures and equipment

Provisions for impairment

Gain on sales of real estate
Proportionate share of adjustments for unconsolidated entities (1)
FFO adjustments allocable to noncontrolling interests

1,670,389 

(2,014)   

25,860 

(102,957)   

12,812 

(1,605)   

897,835 

(1,026)   

38,967 

(55,798)   

1,931 

(785)   

2020

395,486 

677,038 

(588) 

147,232 

(76,232) 

— 

(817) 

Years ended December 31,

FFO available to common stockholders

FFO allocable to dilutive noncontrolling interests

Diluted FFO

FFO available to common stockholders

Merger and integration-related costs

Normalized FFO available to common stockholders

Normalized FFO allocable to dilutive noncontrolling interests

Diluted Normalized FFO

FFO per common share, basic and diluted

Normalized FFO per common share:

Basic

Diluted

Distributions paid to common stockholders

FFO available to common stockholders in excess of distributions 

paid to common stockholders

Normalized FFO available to common stockholders in excess of 

distributions paid to common stockholders

Weighted average number of common shares used for FFO:

Basic

Diluted

Weighted average number of common shares used for 

Normalized FFO:

Basic

Diluted

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

2,471,893  $ 

1,240,580  $ 

1,142,119 

3,979 

— 

1,418 

2,475,872  $ 

1,240,580  $ 

1,143,537 

2,471,893  $ 

1,240,580  $ 

1,142,119 

13,897 

167,413 

— 

2,485,790  $ 

1,407,993  $ 

1,142,119 

3,979 

1,642 

1,418 

2,489,769  $ 

1,409,635  $ 

1,143,537 

4.04  $ 

2.99  $ 

3.31 

4.06  $ 

4.06  $ 

3.40  $ 

3.39  $ 

3.31 

3.31 

1,813,432  $ 

1,169,026  $ 

964,167 

658,461  $ 

71,554  $ 

177,952 

672,358  $ 

238,967  $ 

177,952 

611,765,815 

613,472,663 

414,535,283 

414,769,846 

345,280,126 

345,878,377 

611,765,815 

613,472,663 

414,535,283 

415,270,063 

345,280,126 

345,878,377 

(1) Includes an other than temporary impairment of $8.5 million recognized during the year ended December 31, 2022 on our investment in 

unconsolidated entities, all of which were sold as of December 31, 2022.

We consider FFO and Normalized FFO to be appropriate supplemental measures of a REIT’s operating 
performance as they are based on a net income analysis of property portfolio performance that adds back items 
such as depreciation and impairments for FFO, and adds back merger and integration-related costs, for Normalized 
FFO. The historical accounting convention used for real estate assets requires straight-line depreciation of buildings 
and improvements, which implies that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time. Since real 
estate values historically rise and fall with market conditions, presentations of operating results for a REIT, using 
historical accounting for depreciation, could be less informative. 

55

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ADJUSTED FUNDS FROM OPERATIONS AVAILABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS

We define AFFO, a non-GAAP measure, as FFO adjusted for unique revenue and expense items, which we believe 
are not as pertinent to the measurement of our ongoing operating performance. We define diluted AFFO as AFFO 
adjusted for dilutive noncontrolling interests. 

The following summarizes our AFFO (dollars in millions, except per share data):

Years ended December 31,

% Increase

AFFO available to common stockholders
AFFO per share (1)

$ 

$ 

2,401.4  $ 

1,488.8  $ 

1,172.6 

3.92  $ 

3.59  $ 

3.39 

2022

2021

2020

(1) All per share amounts are presented on a diluted per common share basis.

2022
versus 
2021

 61.3 %

 9.2 %

2021
versus
2020

 27.0 %

 5.9 %

The increases in AFFO for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were primarily attributable to the increase 
in the size of our portfolio, especially as it relates to the impact from our merger with VEREIT, which closed on 
November 1, 2021. These increases were partially offset by reserves recorded as a reduction of rental revenue of 
$4.0 million, $14.7 million and $52.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

We consider AFFO to be an appropriate supplemental measure of our performance. Most companies in our industry 
use a similar measurement, but they may use the term “CAD” (for Cash Available for Distribution), “FAD” (for Funds 
Available for Distribution) or other terms. Our AFFO calculations may not be comparable to AFFO, CAD or FAD 
reported by other companies, and other companies may interpret or define such terms differently than we do.

The following is a reconciliation of net income available to common stockholders (which we believe is the most 
comparable U.S. GAAP measure) to Normalized FFO and AFFO. Also presented is information regarding 
distributions paid to common stockholders and the weighted average number of common shares used for the basic 
and diluted computation per share (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts):

56

Net income available to common stockholders
Cumulative adjustments to calculate Normalized FFO (1)
Normalized FFO available to common stockholders
Executive severance charge (2)
(Gain) loss on extinguishment of debt

Amortization of share-based compensation
Amortization of net debt premiums and deferred financing costs (3)
Non-cash loss on interest rate swaps
Straight-line impact of cash settlement on interest rate swaps (4)
Leasing costs and commissions

Recurring capital expenditures

Straight-line rent and expenses, net

Amortization of above and below-market leases, net

Proportionate share of adjustments for unconsolidated entities
Other adjustments (5)
AFFO available to common stockholders

AFFO allocable to dilutive noncontrolling interests

Diluted AFFO

AFFO per common share:

Basic

Diluted

Distributions paid to common stockholders

AFFO available to common stockholders in excess of distributions 

paid to common stockholders

Weighted average number of common shares used for 

computation per share:

Years ended December 31,

2022

2021

$ 

869,408  $ 

359,456  $ 

1,616,382 

2,485,790 

1,048,537 

1,407,993 

2020

395,486 

746,633 

1,142,119 

— 

(367)   

21,617 

(67,150)   

718 

1,558 

(5,236)   

(587)   

(120,252)   

63,243 

(4,239)   

26,264 

— 

97,178 

16,234 

(6,182)   

2,905 

— 

(6,201)   

(1,202)   

(61,350)   

37,970 
(1,948)   

3,356 

3,463 

9,819 

14,727 

3,710 

4,353 

— 

(1,859) 

(198) 

(26,502) 

22,940 
— 

54 

2,401,359  $ 

1,488,753  $ 

1,172,626 

4,033 

1,619 

1,438 

2,405,392  $ 

1,490,372  $ 

1,174,064 

3.93  $ 

3.92  $ 

3.59  $ 

3.59  $ 

3.40 

3.39 

1,813,432  $ 

1,169,026  $ 

964,167 

587,927  $ 

319,727  $ 

208,459 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

Basic

Diluted

611,765,815 

414,535,283 

345,280,126 

613,472,663 

415,270,063 

345,878,377 

(1) See reconciling items for Normalized FFO presented under “Funds from Operations Available to Common Stockholders (FFO) and Normalized 

Funds from Operations Available to Common Stockholders (Normalized FFO)."

(2) The executive severance charge represents the incremental costs incurred upon our former CFO's departure in March 2020, consisting of $1.6 

million of cash, $1.8 million of share-based compensation expense and $58,000 of professional fees.

(3) Includes the amortization of premiums and discounts on notes payable and assumption of our mortgages payable, which are being amortized 
over the life of the applicable debt, and costs incurred and capitalized upon issuance and exchange of our notes payable, assumption of our 
mortgages payable and issuance of our term loans, which are also being amortized over the lives of the applicable debt. No costs associated 
with our credit facility agreements or annual fees paid to credit rating agencies have been included.

(4) Represents the straight-line amortization of $72.0 million gain realized upon the termination of $500.0 million in notional interest rate swaps, 

over the term of the $750.0 million of 5.625% senior unsecured notes due October 13, 2032.

(5) Includes adjustments allocable to noncontrolling interests, obligations related to financing lease liabilities, mark-to-market adjustments on 
investments and derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting, foreign currency gain and loss as a result of intercompany debt and 
remeasurement transactions and straight-line payments from cross-currency swaps.

57

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
We believe the non-GAAP financial measure AFFO provides useful information to investors because it is a widely 
accepted industry measure of the operating performance of real estate companies that is used by industry analysts 
and investors who look at and compare those companies. In particular, AFFO provides an additional measure to 
compare the operating performance of different REITs without having to account for differing depreciation 
assumptions and other unique revenue and expense items which are not pertinent to measuring a particular 
company’s on-going operating performance. Therefore, we believe that AFFO is an appropriate supplemental 
performance metric, and that the most appropriate U.S. GAAP performance metric to which AFFO should be 
reconciled is net income available to common stockholders.

Presentation of the information regarding FFO, Normalized FFO, and AFFO is intended to assist the reader in 
comparing the operating performance of different REITs, although it should be noted that not all REITs calculate 
FFO, Normalized FFO, and AFFO in the same way, so comparisons with other REITs may not be meaningful. 
Furthermore, FFO, Normalized FFO, and AFFO are not necessarily indicative of cash flow available to fund cash 
needs and should not be considered as alternatives to net income as an indication of our performance. FFO, 
Normalized FFO, and AFFO should not be considered as alternatives to reviewing our cash flows from operating, 
investing, and financing activities. In addition, FFO, Normalized FFO, and AFFO should not be considered as 
measures of liquidity, our ability to make cash distributions, or our ability to pay interest payments.

IMPACT OF INFLATION

Leases generally provide for limited increases in rent as a result of fixed increases, increases in the consumer price 
index, or retail price index in the case of certain leases in the U.K. (typically subject to ceilings), or increases in the 
clients’ sales volumes. We expect that inflation will cause these lease provisions to result in rent increases over 
time. During times when inflation is greater than increases in rent, as provided for in the leases, rent increases may 
not keep up with the rate of inflation and other costs (including increases in employment and other fees and 
expenses).

Moreover, our use of net lease agreements tends to reduce our exposure to rising property expenses due to 
inflation because the client is responsible for property expenses. Even though net leases reduce our exposure to 
rising property expenses due to inflation, substantial inflationary pressures and increased costs may have an 
adverse impact on our clients if increases in their operating expenses exceed increases in revenue, which may 
adversely affect our clients' ability to pay rent.  Additionally, inflationary periods may cause us to experience 
increased costs of financing, make it difficult to refinance debt at attractive rates or at all, and may adversely affect 
the properties we can acquire if the cost of financing an acquisition is in excess of our anticipated earnings from 
such property, thereby limiting the properties that can be acquired.

IMPACT OF RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

For information on the impact of new accounting standards on our business, see note 2, Summary of Significant 
Accounting Policies and Procedures and New Accounting Standards, to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Item 7A: 

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

We are exposed to economic risks from interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. A portion of these risks 
is hedged, but the risks may affect our financial statements.

Interest Rates
We are exposed to interest rate changes primarily as a result of our credit facility and commercial paper programs, 
term loans, mortgages payable, and long-term notes and bonds used to maintain liquidity and expand our real 
estate investment portfolio and operations. Our interest rate risk management objective is to limit the impact of 
interest rate changes on earnings and cash flow and to lower our overall borrowing costs. To achieve these 
objectives, we issue long-term notes and bonds, primarily at fixed rates.

In order to mitigate and manage the effects of interest rate risks on our operations, we may utilize a variety of 
financial instruments, including interest rate swaps, interest rate locks and caps. The use of these types of 
instruments to hedge our exposure to changes in interest rates carries additional risks, including counterparty credit 
risk, the enforceability of hedging contracts and the risk that unanticipated and significant changes in interest rates 
will cause a significant loss of basis in the contract. To limit counterparty credit risk, we will seek to enter into such 
agreements with major financial institutions with favorable credit ratings. There can be no assurance that we will be 

58

able to adequately protect against the foregoing risks or realize an economic benefit that exceeds the related 
amounts incurred in connection with engaging in such hedging activities. We do not enter into any derivative 
transactions for speculative or trading purposes.

The following table presents, by year of expected maturity, the principal amounts, average interest rates and 
estimated fair values of our fixed and variable rate debt as of December 31, 2022. This information is presented to 
evaluate the expected cash flows and sensitivity to interest rate changes (dollars in millions):

Expected Maturity Data

Year of Principal Due

Fixed rate
debt

Weighted average rate
on fixed rate debt

Variable rate
debt

Weighted average rate
on variable rate debt

2023

2024

2025

2026

2027

Thereafter
Totals (1)
Fair Value (2)

$ 

22.0 

1,840.5 

1,092.0 

1,587.0 

2,005.4 

8,659.6 

 4.44 % $ 

701.8 

 4.48 

 4.23 

 3.72 

 2.68 

 3.27 

— 

— 

2,027.2 

— 

— 

$ 

$ 

15,206.5 

13,583.2 

 3.46 % $ 

$ 

2,729.0 

2,729.0 

 3.41 %

 — 

 — 

 3.65 

 — 

 — 

 3.59 %

(1) Excludes net premiums recorded on mortgages payable, net premiums recorded on notes payable and deferred financing costs on mortgages 
payable, notes payable, and our $250.0 million term loan. At December 31, 2022, the unamortized balance of net premiums on mortgages 
payable is $12.4 million, the unamortized balance of net premiums on notes payable is $224.6 million, and the balance of deferred financing 
costs on mortgages payable is $0.8 million, on notes payable is $60.7 million, and on the $250.0 million term loan is $0.2 million. 

(2) We base the estimated fair value of the publicly-traded fixed rate senior notes and bonds at December 31, 2022, on the indicative market 
prices and recent trading activity of our senior notes and bonds payable. We base the estimated fair value of our fixed rate mortgages and 
private senior notes payable at December 31, 2022, on the relevant forward interest rate curve, plus an applicable credit-adjusted spread. We 
believe that the carrying values of the line of credit and commercial paper borrowings and $250.0 million term loan balance reasonably 
approximate their estimated fair values at December 31, 2022.

The table above incorporates only those exposures that exist as of December 31, 2022. It does not consider those 
exposures or positions that could arise after that date. As a result, our ultimate realized gain or loss, with respect to 
interest rate fluctuations, would depend on the exposures that arise during the period, our hedging strategies at the 
time, and interest rates.

At December 31, 2022, our outstanding notes, bonds and mortgages payable had fixed interest rates. Interest on 
our credit facility and commercial paper borrowings and $250.0 million term loan balance is variable. However, the 
variable interest rate feature on our $250.0 million term loan has been mitigated by an interest rate swap 
agreement. Based on our revolving credit facility balance of $2.0 billion at December 31, 2022, a 1% change in 
interest rates would change our interest rate costs by $20.3 million per year.

Foreign Currency Exchange Rates
We are exposed to foreign currency exchange variability related to investments in and earnings from our foreign 
investments. Foreign currency market risk is the possibility that our results of operations or financial position could 
be better or worse than planned because of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. We primarily hedge our 
foreign currency risk by borrowing in the currencies in which we invest thereby providing a natural hedge. We 
continuously evaluate and manage our foreign currency risk through the use of derivative financial instruments, 
including currency exchange swaps, foreign currency collars, and foreign currency forward contracts with financial 
counterparties where practicable. Such derivative instruments are viewed as risk management tools and are not 
used for speculative or trading purposes. Additionally, our inability to redeploy rent receipts from our international 
operations on a timely basis subjects us to foreign exchange risk.

59

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 8:         Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

Table of Contents

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

F.

G.

Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Consolidated Balance Sheets, December 31, 2022 and 2021

Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income, Years ended 
December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020

Consolidated Statements of Equity, Years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, Years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Schedule III Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation

Schedules not filed: All schedules, other than that indicated in the Table of Contents, have been 
omitted as the required information is either not material, inapplicable or the information is 
presented in the financial statements or related notes.

60

 
 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholders and Board of Directors
Realty Income Corporation:

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Realty Income Corporation and subsidiaries 
(the Company) as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the related consolidated statements of income and 
comprehensive income, equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 
2022, and the related notes and financial statement schedule III (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). 
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of 
the Company as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the 
years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2022, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting 
principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United 
States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on 
criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring 
Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated February 22, 2023 expressed an unqualified 
opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is 
to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting 
firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with 
the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange 
Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan 
and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free 
of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the 
risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and 
performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence 
regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating 
the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall 
presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our 
opinion.

Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated 
financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) 
relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our 
especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter 
in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by 
communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the 
accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Evaluation of the Fair Value of Land in Real Estate Acquisitions
As discussed in Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements, during 2022, the Company acquired $9.0 
billion of real estate properties. As discussed in Note 2, the purchase price of a real estate acquisition is 
typically allocated among the individual components of both tangible and intangible assets and liabilities 
acquired based on their estimated relative fair values.

We identified the evaluation of the fair value of land in real estate acquisitions as a critical audit matter. 
Specifically, the measurement of the fair values of land is dependent upon significant assumptions of market 
land values for which relevant external market data is not always readily available. There was a high degree 
of subjective and complex auditor judgment required in evaluating the fair value measurements given the 
sensitivity of the fair value measurements to changes in these assumptions.

61

 
The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We evaluated 
the design and tested the operating effectiveness of certain internal controls over the Company’s process to 
allocate the purchase price of real estate acquisitions. This included controls over the measurement of the 
fair value of land. For a selection of real estate acquisitions, we involved valuation professionals with 
specialized skills and knowledge who assisted in evaluating a selection of the Company’s acquired land 
values by comparing them to independently developed ranges using market data from industry transaction 
databases and published industry reports.

(signed) KPMG LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1993.

San Diego, California
February 22, 2023

62

 
 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholders and Board of Directors

Realty Income Corporation:

Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We have audited Realty Income Corporation and subsidiaries' (the Company) internal control over financial 
reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) 
issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. In our opinion, the Company 
maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, 
based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of 
Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United 
States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the related 
consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income, equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the 
three-year period ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes and financial statement schedule III (collectively, 
the consolidated financial statements), and our report dated February 22, 2023 expressed an unqualified opinion on 
those consolidated financial statements.

Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for 
its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying 
Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on 
the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm 
registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the 
U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission 
and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and 
perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting 
was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an 
understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and 
testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our 
audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We 
believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance 
regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in 
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting 
includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, 
accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable 
assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance 
with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made 
only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable 
assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s 
assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. 
Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may 
become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or 
procedures may deteriorate.

(signed) KPMG LLP

San Diego, California
February 22, 2023

63

 
REALTY INCOME CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS 
(dollars in thousands, except per share and share count data)

ASSETS

Real estate held for investment, at cost:

Land

Buildings and improvements

Total real estate held for investment, at cost

Less accumulated depreciation and amortization

Real estate held for investment, net

Real estate and lease intangibles held for sale, net

Cash and cash equivalents

Accounts receivable, net

Lease intangible assets, net

Goodwill

Investment in unconsolidated entities

Other assets, net

Total assets

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY

Distributions payable

Accounts payable and accrued expenses

Lease intangible liabilities, net

Other liabilities

Line of credit payable and commercial paper

Term loan, net

Mortgages payable, net

Notes payable, net

Total liabilities

Commitments and contingencies

Stockholders’ equity:

Common stock and paid in capital, par value $0.01 per share, 1,300,000,000 

and 740,200,000 shares authorized, 660,300,195 and 591,261,991 shares 
issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2022, and 2021, respectively

Distributions in excess of net income

Accumulated other comprehensive income

Total stockholders’ equity

Noncontrolling interests

Total equity

Total liabilities and equity

December 31, 2022

December 31, 2021

$ 

12,948,835  $ 

29,707,751 

42,656,586 

(4,904,165)   

37,752,421 

29,535 

171,102 

567,963 

5,168,366 

3,731,478 

— 

2,252,227 

10,753,750 

25,155,178 

35,908,928 

(3,949,798) 

31,959,130 

30,470 

258,579 

426,768 

5,275,304 

3,676,705 

140,967 

1,369,579 

49,673,092  $ 

43,137,502 

$ 

$ 

165,710  $ 

399,137 

1,379,436 

774,787 

2,729,040 

249,755 

853,925 

14,278,013 

20,829,803 

34,159,509 

(5,493,193)   

46,833 

28,713,149 

130,140 

28,843,289 

146,919 

351,128 

1,308,221 

759,197 

1,551,376 

249,557 

1,141,995 

12,499,709 

18,008,102 

29,578,212 

(4,530,571) 

4,933 

25,052,574 

76,826 

25,129,400 

43,137,502 

$ 

49,673,092  $ 

The accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these statements.

64

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
REALTY INCOME CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 
(dollars in thousands, except per share and share count data)

REVENUE

Rental (including reimbursable)

Other

Total revenue

EXPENSES

Depreciation and amortization

Interest

Property (including reimbursable)

General and administrative

Provisions for impairment

Merger and integration-related costs

Total expenses

Gain on sales of real estate

Foreign currency and derivative (loss) gain, net

Gain (loss) on extinguishment of debt

Equity in income and impairment of investment in unconsolidated 

entities

Other income, net

Income before income taxes

Income taxes

Net income

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests

Years ended December 31,

2022

2021

2020

$ 

3,299,657  $ 

2,064,958  $ 

1,639,533 

44,024 

15,505 

7,554 

3,343,681 

2,080,463 

1,647,087 

1,670,389 

465,223 

226,330 

138,459 

25,860 

13,897 

897,835 

323,644 

133,605 

96,980 

38,967 

167,413 

677,038 

309,336 

104,603 

73,215 

147,232 

— 

2,540,158 

1,658,444 

1,311,424 

102,957 

(13,311)   

55,798 

710 

367 

(97,178)   

(6,448)   

30,511 

917,599 

1,106 

9,949 

392,404 

411,199 

(45,183)   

(31,657)   

(14,693) 

872,416 

360,747 

396,506 

(3,008)   

(1,291)   

(1,020) 

76,232 

4,585 

(9,819) 

— 

4,538 

Net income available to common stockholders

$ 

869,408  $ 

359,456  $ 

395,486 

Amounts available to common stockholders per common share:

Net Income

Basic

Diluted

$ 

$ 

1.42  $ 

1.42  $ 

0.87  $ 

0.87  $ 

1.15 

1.14 

Weighted average common shares outstanding:

Basic

Diluted

Net income available to common stockholders

Total other comprehensive income (loss):

Foreign currency translation adjustment

Unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives, net

Total other comprehensive income (loss)

Comprehensive income available to common stockholders

  611,765,815 

  414,535,283 

  345,280,126 

  612,180,519 

  414,769,846 

  345,415,258 

$ 

869,408  $ 

359,456  $ 

395,486 

(55,154)   

97,054 

9,119 

50,448 

(2,606) 

(34,926) 

41,900  $ 

59,567  $ 

(37,532) 

911,308  $ 

419,023  $ 

357,954 

$ 

$ 

The accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these statements.

65

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
REALTY INCOME CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY  
(dollars in thousands)

Years Ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020

Shares of
common
stock

Common
stock and
paid in
capital

Distributions
in excess of
net income

Accumulated 
other 
comprehensive 
income (loss)

Total
stockholders’
equity

Noncontrolling
interests

Total
equity

Balance, December 31, 2019

 333,619,106  $ 12,873,849  $ 

(3,082,291)  $ 

(17,102)  $  9,774,456  $ 

29,702  $ 9,804,158 

Net income

Other comprehensive loss

Distributions paid and payable

Share issuances, net of costs

Contributions by noncontrolling interests

Reallocation of equity

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

 27,564,163 

  1,817,978 

— 

— 

— 

47 

Share-based compensation, net

120,176 

8,176 

395,486 

— 

— 

(37,532) 

(973,128) 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

395,486 

(37,532) 

(973,128) 

1,817,978 

— 

47 

8,176 

1,020 

396,506 

— 

(37,532) 

(1,596) 

(974,724) 

— 

  1,817,978 

3,168 

(47) 

— 

3,168 

— 

8,176 

Balance, December 31, 2020

 361,303,445  $ 14,700,050  $ 

(3,659,933)  $ 

(54,634)  $  10,985,483  $ 

32,247  $ 11,017,730 

Net income

Other comprehensive income

Shares issued in merger

Orion Divestiture

Distributions paid and payable

Share issuances, net of costs

Contributions by noncontrolling interests 

Reallocation of equity

— 

— 

— 

— 

 162,043,548 

  11,556,715 

 67,777,279 

  4,453,953 

— 

— 

— 

42 

Share-based compensation, net

137,719 

8,221 

359,456 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

  (1,140,769) 

— 

— 

— 

(1,230,094) 

— 

59,567 

359,456 

59,567 

1,291 

360,747 

— 

59,567 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

  11,556,715 

3,160 

 11,559,875 

(1,140,769) 

(1,230,094) 

4,453,953 

— 

42 

8,221 

(1,352) 

  (1,142,121) 

(1,868) 

  (1,231,962) 

— 

  4,453,953 

43,390 

43,390 

(42) 

— 

— 

8,221 

Balance, December 31, 2021

 591,261,991  $ 29,578,212  $ 

(4,530,571)  $ 

4,933  $  25,052,574  $ 

76,826  $ 25,129,400 

Net income

Other comprehensive income

Distributions paid and payable

Contributions by noncontrolling interests

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

Share issuance, net of costs

 68,875,984 

  4,570,766 

Reallocation of equity

Share-based compensation, net

— 

162,220 

(3,210) 

13,741 

869,408 

— 

(1,832,030) 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

41,900 

869,408 

41,900 

3,008 

872,416 

— 

41,900 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(1,832,030) 

(4,125) 

  (1,836,155) 

— 

51,221 

51,221 

4,570,766 

— 

  4,570,766 

(3,210) 

13,741 

3,210 

— 

— 

13,741 

Balance, December 31, 2022

 660,300,195  $ 34,159,509  $ 

(5,493,193)  $ 

46,833  $  28,713,149  $ 

130,140  $ 28,843,289 

The accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these statements.

66

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
REALTY INCOME CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS 
(dollars in thousands)

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income

Adjustments to net income:

Depreciation and amortization

Amortization of share-based compensation
Non-cash revenue adjustments
(Gain) loss on extinguishment of debt

Amortization of net premiums on mortgages payable
Amortization of net premiums on notes payable
Amortization of deferred financing costs

Loss on interest rate swaps
Foreign currency and unrealized derivative loss (gain), net
Gain on sales of real estate

Equity in income and impairment of investment in unconsolidated entities 

Distributions from unconsolidated entities 

Provisions for impairment on real estate
Change in assets and liabilities

Accounts receivable and other assets

Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities

Net cash provided by operating activities

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES

Investment in real estate

Improvements to real estate, including leasing costs

Proceeds from sales of real estate

Return of investment from unconsolidated entities 

Net proceeds from sale of unconsolidated entities

Proceeds from note receivable

Insurance proceeds received

Non-refundable escrow deposits

Net cash paid in merger

Net cash used in investing activities

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES

Cash distributions to common stockholders

Borrowings on line of credit and commercial paper programs

Payments on line of credit and commercial paper programs

Principal payment on term loan

Proceeds from notes payable issued
Principal payment on notes payable

Principal payments on mortgages payable

Payments upon extinguishment of debt
Proceeds from common stock offerings, net 

Proceeds from dividend reinvestment and stock purchase plan

Distributions to noncontrolling interests
Net receipts on derivative settlements

Debt issuance costs

Net cash received from Orion Divestiture
Other items, including shares withheld upon vesting

Net cash provided by financing activities

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period

2022

Years ended December 31,
2020

2021

$ 

872,416  $ 

360,747  $ 

396,506 

1,670,389 
21,617 
(57,009)   

(367)   
(13,622)   
(62,989)   
15,613 
718 
220,948 

(102,957)   

6,448 

1,605 
25,860 

(29,524)   
(5,290)   

897,835 
41,773 
(23,380)   

97,178 
(3,498)   

(10,349)   
12,333 
2,905 
27,223 

(55,798)   

(1,106)   

365 
38,967 

(38,292)   
(24,714)   

677,038 
16,503 
(3,562) 

9,819 
(1,258) 

(1,754) 
11,003 
4,353 
(14,510) 

(76,232) 

— 

— 
147,232 

(79,240) 
29,645 

2,563,856 

1,322,189 

1,115,543 

(8,886,436)   

(6,313,076)   

(2,283,130) 

(95,514)   

(19,080)   

436,115 

1,401 

108,088 

5,867 

49,070 

(5,667)   

— 

250,536 

38,345 

— 

— 

— 

(28,390)   

(366,030)   

(8,708) 

259,459 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(8,387,076)   

(6,437,695)   

(2,032,379) 

(1,813,431)   

(1,169,026)   

28,539,299 

9,082,206 

(27,434,617)   

(7,508,332)   

— 
2,154,662 

— 
1,033,387 

— 

(1,700,000)   

(312,234)   

— 

(66,575)   
(96,583)   

4,556,028 

4,442,725 

11,654 
(3,935)   

79,763 

(34,156)   

— 
(4,790)   

5,738,243 

(20,511)   

(105,488)   

332,369 

11,232 
(1,707)   

3,266 

(13,405)   

593,484 
(33,552)   

4,577,120 
20,076 

(518,310)   

850,679 

(964,167) 

3,528,042 

(4,246,755) 
(250,000) 
2,200,488 

(250,000) 

(108,789) 
(9,445) 

1,823,821 

9,109 
(1,596) 

4,106 

(19,456) 

— 
(23,279) 

1,692,079 
4,431 

779,674 

71,005 

850,679 

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period

$ 

226,881  $ 

332,369  $ 

For supplemental disclosures, see note 16, Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information.

The accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these statements.

67

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
REALTY INCOME CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2022

1.

Organization and Operation

Realty Income Corporation (“Realty Income,” the “Company,” “we,” “our” or “us”) was founded in 1969 and is 
organized as a Maryland corporation. We invest in commercial real estate and have elected to be taxed as a real 
estate investment trust ("REIT"). We are listed on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") under the symbol “O”. 

Over the past 54 years, we have been acquiring and managing freestanding commercial properties that generate 
rental revenue under long-term net lease agreements with our commercial clients. At December 31, 2022, we 
owned or held interests in 12,237 properties, with approximately 236.8 million leasable square feet.

Information with respect to number of properties, leasable square feet, average initial lease term and initial weighted 
average cash lease yield is unaudited.

Our  financial  results  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2022  and  2021  reflect  our  merger  with  VEREIT,  Inc. 
("VEREIT"),  following  the  consummation  of  the  merger  on  November  1,  2021.  Our  financial  results  for  the  year 
ended December 31, 2020 do not reflect the merger. For more details, please see note 3, Merger with VEREIT, Inc. 
and Orion Office REIT Inc. Divestiture.

2. 

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Procedures and New Accounting Standards

Basis of Presentation. These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with 
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP"). Intercompany accounts 
and transactions are eliminated in consolidation. The U.S. Dollar ("USD") is our reporting currency. Unless 
otherwise indicated, all dollar amounts are expressed in USD.

For our consolidated subsidiaries whose functional currency is not the USD, we translate their financial statements 
into USD at the time we consolidate those subsidiaries’ financial statements. Generally, assets and liabilities are 
translated at the exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date. The resulting translation adjustments are 
included in 'Accumulated other comprehensive income', ("AOCI"), in the consolidated balance sheets. Certain 
balance sheet items, primarily equity and capital-related accounts, are reflected at the historical exchange rate. 
Income statement accounts are translated using the average exchange rate for the period. 

We and certain of our consolidated subsidiaries have intercompany and third-party debt that is not denominated in 
our functional currency. When the debt is remeasured to the functional currency of the entity, a gain or loss can 
result. The resulting adjustment is reflected in 'Foreign currency and derivative (loss) gain, net' in the consolidated 
statements of income and comprehensive income.

Principles of Consolidation. These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Realty Income and 
all other entities in which we have a controlling financial interest. We evaluate whether we have a controlling 
financial interest in an entity in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 810, Consolidation.

Voting interest entities are entities considered to have sufficient equity at risk and which the equity holders have the 
obligation to absorb losses, the right to receive residual returns and the right to make decisions about the entity’s 
activities. We consolidate voting interest entities in which we have a controlling financial interest, which we typically 
have through holding of a majority of the entity’s voting equity interests.

Variable interest entities ("VIEs") are entities that lack sufficient equity at risk or where the equity holders either do 
not have the obligation to absorb losses, do not have the right to receive residual returns, do not have the right to 
make decisions about the entity’s activities, or some combination of the above. A controlling financial interest in a 
VIE is present when an entity has a variable interest, or a combination of variable interests, that provides the entity 
with (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance 
and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially 
be significant to the VIE. An entity that meets both conditions above is deemed the primary beneficiary and 
consolidates the VIE. We reassess our initial evaluation of whether an entity is a VIE when certain reconsideration 
events occur. We reassess our determination of whether we are the primary beneficiary of a VIE on an ongoing 
basis based on current facts and circumstances.

68

The portion of a consolidated entity not owned by us is recorded as a noncontrolling interest. Noncontrolling 
interests are reflected on our consolidated balance sheets as a component of equity. Noncontrolling interests that 
were created or assumed as part of a business combination or asset acquisition were recognized at fair value as of 
the date of the transaction (see note 11, Noncontrolling Interests).

At December 31, 2022, Realty Income, L.P. and certain of our investments, including investments in joint ventures, 
are considered VIEs in which we were deemed the primary beneficiary based on our controlling financial interests. 
Below is a summary of selected financial data of consolidated VIEs included on our consolidated balance sheets 
at December 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):

Net real estate

Total assets

Total liabilities

December 31, 2022

December 31, 2021

$ 

$ 

$ 

920,032  $ 

1,082,346  $ 

60,127  $ 

688,229 

795,670 

57,057 

Reclassification. Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior years’ consolidated statements of cash 
flows to conform to current year presentation. 

Use of Estimates. The consolidated financial statements were prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP, which 
requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, 
the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts 
of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Net Income per Common Share. Basic net income per common share is computed by dividing net income 
available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during each 
period. Diluted net income per common share is computed by dividing net income available to common 
stockholders, plus income attributable to dilutive shares and convertible common units for the period, by the 
weighted average number of common shares that would have been outstanding assuming the issuance of common 
shares for all potentially dilutive common shares outstanding during the reporting period. For more detail, see note 
15, Net Income per Common Share.

Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash. We consider all short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily 
convertible to cash and have an original maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash 
equivalents. Restricted cash includes cash proceeds from the sale of assets held by qualified intermediaries in 
anticipation of the acquisition of replacement properties in tax-free exchanges under Section 1031 of the U.S. 
Internal Revenue Code, impounds related to mortgages payable and cash that is not immediately available to 
Realty Income (i.e. escrow deposits for future acquisitions).

Cash accounts maintained on behalf of Realty Income in demand deposits at commercial banks and money market 
funds may exceed federally insured levels or may be held in accounts without any federal insurance or any other 
insurance or guarantee. However, Realty Income has not experienced any losses in such accounts.

Income Taxes. We have elected to be taxed as a REIT, under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. 
We believe we have qualified and continue to qualify as a REIT. Under the REIT operating structure, we are 
permitted to deduct dividends paid to our stockholders in determining our taxable income. Assuming our dividends 
equal or exceed our taxable net income in the U.S., we generally will not be required to pay U.S. income taxes on 
such income. Accordingly, no provision has been made for federal income taxes in the accompanying consolidated 
financial statements, except for federal income taxes of our taxable REIT subsidiaries ("TRS"). A TRS is a 
subsidiary of a REIT that is subject to federal, state and local income taxes, as applicable. Our use of a TRS 
enables us to engage in certain business activities while complying with the REIT qualification requirements and to 
retain any income generated by these businesses for reinvestment without the requirement to distribute those 
earnings. For our international territories, we are liable for taxes in the United Kingdom and Spain. Accordingly, 
provisions have been made for U.K. and Spain income taxes. Therefore, the income taxes recorded on our 
consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income represent amounts accrued or paid by Realty 
Income and its subsidiaries for U.S. income taxes on our TRS entities, city and state income and franchise taxes, 
and income taxes for the U.K. and Spain.

Earnings and profits that determine the taxability of distributions to stockholders differ from net income reported for 
financial reporting purposes primarily due to differences in the estimated useful lives and methods used to compute 
depreciation and the carrying value (basis) of the investments in properties for tax purposes, among other things. 

69

We regularly analyze our various international, federal and state filing positions and only recognize the income tax 
effect in our financial statements when certain criteria regarding uncertain income tax positions have been met. We 
believe that our income tax positions would more likely than not be sustained upon examination by all relevant 
taxing authorities. Therefore, no provisions for uncertain tax positions have been recorded on our consolidated 
financial statements.

Lease Revenue Recognition and Accounts Receivable. The majority of our leases are accounted for as 
operating leases. Under this method, leases that have fixed and determinable rent increases are recognized on a 
straight-line basis over the lease term. Any rental revenue contingent upon our client’s sales is recognized only after 
our client exceeds their sales breakpoint. Rental increases based upon changes in the consumer price indexes are 
recognized only after the changes in the indexes have occurred and are then applied according to the lease 
agreements. Contractually obligated rental revenue from our clients for recoverable real estate taxes and operating 
expenses are included in contractually obligated reimbursements by our clients, a component of rental revenue, in 
the period when such costs are incurred. Taxes and operating expenses paid directly by our clients are recorded on 
a net basis. 

Other revenue includes certain property-related revenue not included in rental revenue and interest income 
recognized on financing receivables for certain leases with above-market terms.

The COVID-19 pandemic and the measures taken to limit its spread have negatively impacted the economy across 
many industries, including the industries in which some of our clients operate. We continue to assess the probability 
of collecting substantially all of the lease payments to which we are entitled under the original lease contract as 
required under Topic 842, Leases. We assess the collectability of our future lease payments based on an analysis of 
creditworthiness, economic trends (including trends arising from the COVID-19 pandemic) and other facts and 
circumstances related to the applicable clients. If we conclude the collection of substantially all lease payments 
under a lease is less than probable, rental revenue recognized for that lease is limited to cash received going 
forward, existing operating lease receivables, including those related to straight-line rental revenue, must be written 
off as an adjustment to rental revenue, and no further operating lease receivables are recorded for that lease until 
such future determination is made that substantially all lease payments under that lease are now considered 
probable. If we subsequently conclude that the collection of substantially all lease payments under a lease is 
probable, a reversal of lease receivables previously written off is recognized.

As of December 31, 2022, the majority of concessions granted to our clients as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic 
have been rent deferrals with the original lease term unchanged. In accordance with the guidance provided by the 
Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") staff, we have elected to account for these leases as if the right of 
deferral existed in the lease contract and therefore continue to recognize lease revenue in accordance with the 
lease contract in effect. In limited circumstances, the undiscounted cash flows resulting from deferrals granted 
increased significantly from original lease terms, which required us to account for these as lease modifications and 
resulted in an insignificant impact to consolidated rental revenue. Similarly, rent abatements granted, which are also 
accounted for as lease modifications, have impacted our rental revenue by an insignificant amount.

Unless otherwise specified, references to reserves recorded as a reduction of rental revenue include amounts 
reserved for in the current period, as well as unrecognized contractual rental revenue and unrecognized straight-line 
rental revenue for leases accounted for on a cash basis. The following table summarizes net reserves to rental 
revenue (in millions):

Rental revenue reserves

Straight-line rent reserves

Total rental revenue reserves

Years ended December 31,

2022

2.3  $ 

1.7 

4.0  $ 

2021

10.2  $ 

4.5 

14.7  $ 

2020

44.1 

8.4 

52.5 

$ 

$ 

As of December 31, 2022, other than the information related to the reserves recorded to date, we do not have any 
further client specific information that would change our assessment that collection of substantially all of the future 
lease payments under our existing leases is probable. However, since the conversations regarding rent collections 
for our clients affected by the COVID-19 pandemic are ongoing and we do not currently know the types of future 
concessions, if any, that will ultimately be granted, there may be impacts in future periods that could change this 
assessment as the situation continues to evolve and as more information becomes available.

70

 
 
 
Gain on Sales of Real Estate. When real estate is sold, the carrying amount of the applicable assets is 
derecognized with a corresponding gain from the sale recognized in our consolidated statements of income and 
comprehensive income. We record a gain on sale of real estate pursuant to provisions under ASC 610-20, Gains 
and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets. We determine whether we would have a controlling 
financial interest in the property after the sale. We record a gain from the sale of real estate provided that various 
criteria, relating to the terms of the sale and any subsequent involvement by us with the real estate, have been met. 

Allocation of the Purchase Price of Real Estate Acquisitions. A majority of our acquisitions qualify as asset 
acquisitions and the transaction costs associated with those acquisitions are capitalized. However, our merger with 
VEREIT was comprised of both inputs and substantive processes that together significantly contributed to the ability 
to create outputs and, therefore, was considered a business. As a result, the merger with VEREIT qualified as a 
business combination and, accordingly, the transaction costs were expensed and categorized as merger and 
integration-related costs on our consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. In accordance with 
ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations, adjustments to the allocated purchase price were made within one year of 
the closing date of our merger with VEREIT as acquisition date uncertainties were resolved (for more details on our 
merger with VEREIT, please see note 3, Merger with VEREIT, Inc. and Orion Office REIT Inc. Divestiture). 

Apart from our merger with VEREIT, a majority of our acquisitions qualify as asset acquisitions. Therefore when 
acquiring a property for investment purposes, we typically allocate the cost of real estate acquired, inclusive of 
transaction costs, to: (1) land, (2) building and improvements, and (3) identified intangible assets and liabilities, 
based in each case on their relative estimated fair values. Intangible assets and liabilities consist of above-market or 
below-market lease value of in-place leases and the value of in-place leases, as applicable. Additionally, above-
market rents on certain leases under which we are a lessor are accounted for as financing receivables amortizing 
over the lease term, while below-market rents on certain leases under which we are a lessor are accounted for as 
prepaid rent. In an acquisition of multiple properties, we must also allocate the purchase price among the 
properties. The allocation of the purchase price is based on our assessment of estimated fair values of the land, 
building and improvements, and identified intangible assets and liabilities, utilizing market-based evidence and 
commonly applied valuation approaches. In addition, any assumed notes payable or mortgages are recorded at 
their estimated fair values. The estimated fair values of our mortgages payable have been calculated by discounting 
the future cash flows using applicable interest rates that have been adjusted for factors, such as industry type, client 
investment grade, maturity date, and comparable borrowings for similar assets. The use of different assumptions in 
the allocation of the purchase price of the acquired properties and liabilities assumed could affect the timing of 
recognition of the related revenue and expenses.

Our estimated fair value determinations are based on management’s judgment, utilizing various factors, including: 
market land and building values, market rental rates, discount rates and capitalization rates. Our methodology for 
measuring and allocating the fair value of real estate acquisitions includes both observable market data 
(categorized as level 2 on the three-level valuation hierarchy of ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement), and 
unobservable inputs that reflect our own internal assumptions (categorized as level 3 under ASC Topic 820).  Given 
the significance of the unobservable inputs we believe the allocations of fair value of real estate acquisitions should 
be categorized as level 3 under ASC Topic 820. From time to time, we have used, and may continue to use, the 
assistance of independent third parties specializing in real estate valuations to prepare our purchase price 
allocations.

The allocation of tangible assets (which includes land and buildings/improvements) of an acquired property with an 
in-place lease is based upon relative fair value. Land is typically valued utilizing the sales comparison (or market) 
approach. Buildings and improvements are typically valued under the replacement cost approach. In allocating the 
fair value to identified intangibles for above-market or below-market leases, an amount is recorded based on the 
present value of the difference between (i) the contractual amount to be paid pursuant to the in-place lease and 
(ii) our estimate of fair market lease rate for the corresponding in-place lease, measured over the remaining 
assumed contract term of the lease. The value of in-place leases is determined by our estimated costs related to 
acquiring a client and the carrying costs that would be incurred over the vacancy period to locate a client if the 
property were vacant, considering market conditions and costs to execute similar leases at the time of acquisition.

The values of the above-market and below-market leases are amortized over the term of the respective leases, 
including any bargain renewal options, as an adjustment to rental revenue on our consolidated statements of 
income and comprehensive income. The value of in-place leases, exclusive of the value of above-market and 
below-market in-place leases, is amortized to depreciation and amortization expense over the remaining periods of 

71

the respective leases. If a lease is terminated prior to its stated expiration, all unamortized amounts relating to that 
lease are recorded to revenue or expense as appropriate.

Real Estate and Lease Intangibles Held for Sale. We generally reclassify assets to held for sale when the 
disposition has been approved, there are no known contingencies relating to the sale and the consummation of the 
disposition is considered probable within one year. Upon classifying a real estate investment as held for sale, we will 
no longer recognize depreciation expense related to the depreciable assets of the property. Assets held for sale are 
recorded at the lower of carrying value or estimated fair value, less the estimated cost to dispose of the assets. 
Twenty-two properties were classified as held for sale at December 31, 2022. 

If circumstances arise that we previously considered unlikely and, as a result, we decide not to sell a property 
previously classified as held for sale, we will reclassify the property as held for investment. We measure and record 
a property that is reclassified as held for investment at the lower of (i) its carrying value before the property was 
classified as held for sale, adjusted for any depreciation expense that would have been recognized had the property 
been continuously classified as held for investment or (ii) the estimated fair value at the date of the subsequent 
decision not to sell.

Investment in Unconsolidated Entities.	During the year ended December 31, 2022, all seven properties owned 
by our industrial partnerships and accounted for under the equity method were sold. For further details, see note 5, 
Investments in Real Estate.

We accounted for our investment in unconsolidated entity arrangements using the equity method of accounting as 
we had the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, over operating and financing policies of these 
investments. We had determined that none of the unconsolidated entities would be considered VIEs under the 
applicable accounting guidance. Our equity method investments were acquired in our merger with VEREIT. As a 
result, the investments were recorded at fair value and subsequently would be adjusted for our share of equity in the 
entities' earnings and distributions received. The step-up in fair value was allocated to the individual investment 
assets and liabilities and were amortized over the estimated useful life of the respective underlying tangible real 
estate assets, the lease term of the intangible real estate assets, and the remaining term of the assumed debt. The 
carrying value of our investment was included in 'Investment in unconsolidated entities' in the accompanying 
consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2021. We recorded our proportionate share of net income from the 
unconsolidated entities in 'Equity in income and impairment of investment in unconsolidated entities' in the 
consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.  

Goodwill. Upon the closing of a business combination, after identifying all tangible and intangible assets and 
liabilities, the excess consideration paid over the fair value of the assets and liabilities acquired and assumed, 
respectively, represents goodwill. In connection with our merger with VEREIT, we recorded goodwill as a result of  
consideration exceeding the net assets acquired. For further details, see note 3, Merger with VEREIT, Inc. and 
Orion Office REIT Inc. Divestiture.

Deferred Financing Costs. Deferred financing costs represent commitment fees, legal fees and other costs 
associated with obtaining or originating financing. Deferred financing costs, other than those associated with the line 
of credit, are presented on the consolidated balance sheets as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the 
related debt liability. Deferred financing costs related to the line of credit are included in other assets, net in the 
accompanying consolidated balance sheets. These costs are amortized to interest expense over the terms of the 
respective financing agreements that approximates the effective interest method. 

Depreciation and Amortization. Land, buildings and improvements are recorded and stated at cost. Major 
replacements and betterments, which improve or extend the life of the asset, are capitalized and depreciated over 
their estimated useful lives, while ordinary repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Buildings and 
improvements that are under redevelopment, or are being developed, are carried at cost and no depreciation is 
recorded on these assets. Additionally, amounts essential to the development of the property, such as pre-
construction, development, construction, interest and other costs incurred during the period of development are 
capitalized. We cease capitalization when the property is available for occupancy upon substantial completion of 
property improvements to accommodate the client's use, but in any event no later than one year from the 
completion of major construction activity.

Properties are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets.  The 
estimated useful lives are as follows:

72

Buildings
Building improvements
Equipment
Lease commissions and property improvements to 

accommodate the client's use

25 years or 35 years
4 to 35 years
5 to 25 years
The shorter of the term of the related lease or useful life

Acquired in-place leases

Remaining terms of the respective leases

Provisions for Impairment - Real Estate Assets. We review long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or 
changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If estimated future 
operating cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges) plus estimated disposition proceeds 
(undiscounted) are less than the current book value of the property, a fair value analysis is performed and, to the 
extent the estimated fair value is less than the current book value, a provision for impairment is recorded to reduce 
the book value to estimated fair value. Key assumptions that we utilize in this analysis include projected rental rates, 
estimated holding periods, capital expenditures and property sales capitalization rates. For further details, see note 
12, Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements.

Provisions for Impairment - Goodwill. Goodwill is not amortized, but is subject to impairment reviews annually, or 
more frequently if necessary. Goodwill is qualitatively assessed to determine whether a quantitative impairment 
assessment is necessary. Impairment is the condition that exists when the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds its 
implied fair value. If the carrying value of the asset exceeds its estimated fair value, an impairment loss is 
recognized, and the asset is written down to its estimated fair value. We perform our annual goodwill impairment 
assessment as of June 30. During the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, there were no impairments 
of goodwill.

Provisions for Impairment - Investment in Unconsolidated Entities. As part of our merger with VEREIT in 
November 2021, we acquired seven properties owned by industrial partnerships.  These properties, which were 
subsequently sold during the year ended December 31, 2022, were accounted for under the equity method and 
considered unconsolidated entities.  During our ownership of those properties and when circumstances indicated 
that a decrease in the value of an equity method investment had occurred that was other than temporary, we 
recognized an impairment loss, which required significant judgment. To determine whether the impairment loss was 
other-than-temporary, we considered whether it had the ability and intent to hold the investment until the carrying 
value was fully recovered. We evaluated the impairment of our investment in unconsolidated entities in accordance 
with accounting standards for equity investments by first reviewing each investment for indicators of impairment.  If 
indicators were present, we estimated the fair value of the investments.  If the carrying value of the investment was 
greater than the estimated fair value, we made an assessment of whether the impairment was temporary or other-
than-temporary.  In making this assessment, we considered the length of time and the extent to which fair value had 
been less than cost, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the entity, and our intent and ability to retain 
the interest long enough for a recovery in market value. The investment was reduced to its estimated fair value if 
conclusions indicated the impairment was other than temporary. For further details, see note 5, Investments in Real 
Estate.

Equity Offering Costs.  Underwriting commissions and offering costs have been reflected as a reduction of 
additional paid-in-capital on our consolidated balance sheets.

Derivative and Hedging Activities. Derivatives are financial arrangements among two or more parties with returns 
linked to or “derived” from an underlying equity, debt, commodity, other asset, liability, interest rate, foreign 
exchange rate or another index, or the occurrence or nonoccurrence of a specified event. The settlement of a 
derivative is determined by its underlying notional amount specified in the contract. Derivative contracts may be 
entered into outright or embedded within a non-derivative host contract, and may be listed, traded on exchanges or 
privately negotiated directly between two parties. 

We actively manage our risk exposures which arise from our liquidity and funding activities using derivative 
instruments which hedge for interest rate risk, foreign exchange risk, or both. We record all derivatives on the 
balance sheet at fair value. The recognition of changes in the fair value of derivatives is recorded in net income 
unless the derivative is designated in a cash flow or net investment hedge accounting relationship in which case the 
change in fair value is recorded in other comprehensive income until such time as the designated hedged item 
impacts net income. 

73

Segment Reporting. During the second quarter of 2022, a re-evaluation of our business and management 
structure led to a change in identification of operating and reportable segments. As we have grown in size and scale 
over recent years, including through the acquisition of VEREIT in November 2021, management has shifted its 
focus to operating performance, seeking investments with attractive yields and risk adjusted returns regardless of 
client industry or geography. Our chief operating decision maker relies primarily on cash flow analysis at the 
consolidated level to make decisions about allocating resources. As a result, we reorganized our business activities 
into one operating and reportable segment. ASC Topic 280, Segment Reporting, establishes standards for the 
manner in which enterprises report information about operating segments. We are engaged in a single business 
activity, which is the leasing of property to clients, generally on a net basis (whereby clients are responsible for 
property taxes, insurance and maintenance costs). That business activity spans various geographic boundaries and 
includes property types and clients engaged in various industries, but ultimately all business activity involves similar 
economic characteristics of owning and leasing commercial properties under long-term, net lease agreements. 
Therefore, we operate and manage the business in one operating and reportable segment. This segmental 
presentation is consistent with the information provided to our chief operating decision maker to make decisions 
about allocating resources and assessing our performance. ASC 280 requires certain entity-wide annual disclosures 
for entities with a single reportable segment. The following table disaggregates domestic and international revenue 
by major asset types and geographic regions (in millions):  

Retail

Industrial 

Other (2)

Years ended December 31,

2022

U.S.

U.K.

Other (1)

Total

$ 

2,455.9  $ 

243.3  $ 

30.9  $ 

2,730.1 

465.2 

74.2 

30.2 

— 

— 

— 

495.4 

74.2 

Rental (including reimbursable)

$ 

2,995.3  $ 

273.5  $ 

30.9  $ 

3,299.7 

Other revenue 

Total revenue 

Retail

Industrial 

Other (2)

44.0 

$ 

3,343.7 

2021

U.S.

U.K.

Other (1)

Total

$ 

1,566.7  $ 

138.9  $ 

4.2  $ 

1,709.8 

261.5 

84.1 

9.6 

— 

—  $ 

—  $ 

271.1 

84.1 

Rental (including reimbursable)

$ 

1,912.3  $ 

148.5  $ 

4.2  $ 

2,065.0 

Other revenue 

Total revenue 

Retail

Industrial 

Other (2)

15.5 

$ 

2,080.5 

2020

U.S.

U.K.

Other (1)

Total

$ 

1,312.5  $ 

55.9  $ 

—  $ 

1,368.4 

184.6 

85.2 

1.3 

— 

— 

— 

185.9 

85.2 

Rental (including reimbursable)

$ 

1,582.3  $ 

57.2  $ 

—  $ 

1,639.5 

Other revenue 

Total revenue 

7.6 

$ 

1,647.1 

(1) Other includes properties in Spain, starting in September 2021 and in Italy, starting in October 2022. 
(2) Other includes the office, agriculture and gaming asset types, with gaming starting in December 2022.  

Long-lived assets include items such as property, plant, equipment and right-of-use assets subject to operating and 
finance leases. As of December 31, 2022, no individual country or asset-type representing more than 10% of total 
revenue, other than as presented in the tables above. In addition, as of December 31, 2022, no individual country or 
asset-type representing more than 10% of the total assets, other than as presented in the tables below. The 

74

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
following table disaggregates domestic and international total long-lived assets (in millions):   

2022

2021

U.S.

U.K.

Other (1)

Total

U.S.

U.K.

Other (1)

Total

As of December 31,

Long-lived assets

$  33,685.6  $ 

4,596.1  $ 

582.7  $  38,864.4  $  29,323.8  $ 

3,206.6  $ 

314.3  $  32,844.7 

Remaining assets

Total assets

10,808.7 

$  49,673.1 

10,292.8 

$  43,137.5 

(1) Other includes properties in Spain, starting in September 2021 and in Italy, starting in October 2022. 

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04 establishing Topic 848, 
Reference Rate Reform. ASU 2020-04 contains practical expedients for reference rate reform related activities that 
impact debt, leases, derivatives and other contracts. The guidance is optional and is effective between March 12, 
2020, and December 31, 2022. The guidance may be elected over time as reference rate reform activities occur. 
During 2022, all of our debt and derivative instruments were converted from LIBOR to SOFR. The interest rate swap 
on our term loan, which was converted to a Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") benchmark from the 
London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) during June 2022, continues to be accounted for as a cash flow hedge. 
The adoption of this guidance had no impact on our consolidated financial statements.

3. 

Merger with VEREIT, Inc. and Orion Office REIT Inc. Divestiture

Merger with VEREIT
On April 29, 2021, we entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger, as amended, (the "Merger Agreement"), with 
VEREIT, its operating partnership, VEREIT Operating Partnership, L.P., ("VEREIT OP"), and two newly formed 
subsidiaries. Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, (i) one of the newly formed subsidiaries of us agreed 
to merge with and into VEREIT OP, with VEREIT OP as the surviving entity, which we refer to as the Partnership 
Merger, and (ii) immediately thereafter, VEREIT agreed to merge with and into the other newly formed subsidiary of 
us, with our subsidiary as the surviving corporation, which we refer to collectively as the merger.

The primary reason for the Merger was to expand our size, scale and diversification, in order to further enhance our 
competitive advantages and accelerate our investment activities.

On November 1, 2021, we completed our acquisition of VEREIT, and the merger was consummated. Pursuant to 
the terms of the Merger Agreement and subject to the terms thereof, upon the consummation of the merger, (i) each 
outstanding share of VEREIT common stock, and each outstanding common partnership unit of VEREIT OP owned 
by any of its partners other than VEREIT, Realty Income or their respective affiliates, was automatically converted 
into 0.705 of newly issued shares of our common stock, or in certain instances, Realty Income L.P. units, and (ii) 
each VEREIT OP outstanding common unit owned by VEREIT, Realty Income or their respective affiliates remained 
outstanding as partnership interests in the surviving entity. Each outstanding VEREIT stock option and restricted 
stock unit that were unvested as of November 1, 2021 were converted into equivalent options and restricted stock 
units, in each case with respect to the share of the Company's common stock, using the equity award exchange 
ratio in accordance with the Merger Agreement. For more details, see note 17, Common Stock Incentive Plan.

75

 
 
Our merger with VEREIT has been accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with 
ASC, 805, Business Combinations, with Realty Income as the accounting acquirer, which requires, among other 
things, that the assets acquired and liabilities assumed be recognized at their acquisition date fair value. The fair 
value of the consideration transferred on the date of the acquisition is as follows (in thousands, except share and 
per share data):

Shares of VEREIT common stock and VEREIT OP common units exchanged (1)
Exchange Ratio

Less: Fractional shares settled in cash

Shares of Realty Income common stock and Realty Income L.P. units issued
Adjusted opening price of Realty common stock on November 1, 2021 (2)

Fair value of Realty common stock issued to former holders of VEREIT common stock and VEREIT OP 

common units  

Fair value of VEREIT's equity-based compensation awards attributable to pre-combination services (3)

Total non-cash consideration

Cash paid for fractional shares
VEREIT indebtedness paid off in connection with the merger (4)

Consideration transferred

229,304,035 

0.705

161,659,345

(1,545)

161,657,800

71.236 

11,515,855 

44,020 

11,559,875 

110 

500,414 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

12,060,399 

(1) Includes 229,152,001 shares of VEREIT common stock and 152,034 VEREIT OP common units outstanding as of November 1, 2021. Under 
the Merger Agreement, these shares and units were converted to Realty Income common stock, or in certain instances, Realty Income L.P. 
units, at an Exchange Ratio of 0.705 per share of VEREIT common stock or VEREIT OP common unit, as applicable.

(2) The fair value of Realty Income common stock issued to former holders of VEREIT common stock and VEREIT OP common units is based on 
the per share opening price of Realty Income common stock of $71.00 on November 1, 2021, adjusted for the monthly dividend of $0.236 per 
share that former holders of VEREIT common stock and VEREIT OP common units were eligible to receive when such dividend was paid on 
November 15, 2021.

(3) Represents the fair value of fully vested deferred stock unit awards of VEREIT common stock (“VEREIT DSU Awards”) which were converted 

into Realty Income common stock upon our merger with VEREIT, as well as the estimated fair value of the Realty Income replacement 
employee and executive stock options and restricted stock units that were granted at the closing date of our merger with VEREIT and which 
were attributable to pre-combination services.

(4) Represents the outstanding balance of the VEREIT revolving credit facility repaid by Realty Income in connection with the closing of the 

merger. The amount shown in the table above was based upon the balance outstanding immediately prior to November 1, 2021.

76

 
 
 
 
Purchase Price Allocation 

A. 
The following table summarizes the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of 
acquisition (in thousands): 

As of November 1, 2021

ASSETS

Land

Buildings

Total real estate held for investment

Cash and cash equivalents

Accounts receivable
Lease intangible assets (1)

Goodwill

Investment in unconsolidated entities

Other assets

Total assets acquired

LIABILITIES

Accounts payable and accrued expenses
Lease intangible liabilities (2)
Other liabilities

Mortgages payable

Notes payable

Total liabilities assumed

Net assets acquired, at fair value

Noncontrolling interests

Total purchase price
(1) The weighted average amortization period for acquired lease intangible assets is 9.3 years. 
(2) The weighted average amortization period for acquired lease intangible liabilities is 25.5 years. 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

3,021,906 

8,677,467 

11,699,373 

128,411 

53,355 

3,204,773 

3,717,620 

175,379 

308,910 

19,287,821 

139,836 

949,349 

320,893 

869,027 

4,946,965 

7,226,070 

12,061,751 

1,352 

12,060,399 

The initial assessment of fair value provided in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 
2021 was preliminary and was based on information that was available to management at the time the consolidated 
financial statements were prepared. Measurement period adjustments were recorded during the year ended 
December 31, 2022 in the period in which they were determined, as if they had been completed at the acquisition 
date. Before the first anniversary of the merger date, final measurement period adjustments, as reflected in the table 
above, resulted in a net increase of $54.8 million to goodwill from the initial valuation, reflecting a decrease of 
$15.8 million in land, $7.6 million in building, $22.6 million in lease intangible assets, $19.5 million in investment in 
unconsolidated entities, $9.9 million in other assets, offset by decrease of $4.4 million in lease intangible liabilities, 
$16.1 million in other liabilities and $0.1 million in mortgages payable. 

Approximately $3.72 billion was allocated to goodwill. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the 
fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The recognized goodwill was 
attributable to expected synergies and benefits arising from the merger transaction, including anticipated financing 
and overhead cost savings, potential economies of scale benefits in both customer and vendor relationships and the 

77

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
employee workforce onboarded from VEREIT following the closing of the merger. None of the goodwill recognized 
is deductible for tax purposes.

Merger and Integration-Related Costs

B. 
In conjunction with our merger with VEREIT, we incurred merger-related transaction costs of $13.9 million and 
$167.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Merger and integration-related costs 
consist of advisory fees, attorney fees, accountant fees, SEC filing fees and additional incremental and non-
recurring costs necessary to convert data and systems, retain employees and otherwise enable us to operate the 
acquired business or assets efficiently. 

Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information 

C.
Our consolidated results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, include $1.02 billion and 
$176.3 million of revenues, respectively, and $62.4 million and $36.7 million of net income associated with the 
results of operations of VEREIT OP, respectively. 

The following unaudited pro forma information presents a summary of our combined results of operations for the 
years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, as if our merger with VEREIT had occurred on January 1, 2020 (in 
millions, except per share data). There are no pro forma adjustments for the year ended December 31, 2022, as the 
merger was completed November 1, 2021. The following pro forma financial information is not necessarily indicative 
of the results of operations had the acquisition been effected on the assumed date, nor is it necessarily an indication 
of trends in future results for a number of reasons, including, but not limited to, differences between the 
assumptions used to prepare the pro forma information, basic shares outstanding and dilutive equivalents, cost 
savings from operating efficiencies, potential synergies, and the impact of incremental costs incurred in integrating 
the businesses. In accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations, the following information excludes the impact 
of the spin-off of office assets to Orion Office REIT Inc. ("Orion").

Total revenues

Net income

Basic and diluted earnings per share

$ 

$ 

$ 

Years ended December 31,

2021

3,084.3  $ 

734.6  $ 

1.27  $ 

2020

2,835.5 

325.9 

0.64 

The unaudited pro forma financial information above includes the following nonrecurring significant adjustment 
made to account for certain costs incurred as if our merger with VEREIT had been completed on January 1, 2020: 
merger and integration-related costs of $167.4 million were excluded within the pro forma financial information for 
2021, but included for 2020.

Orion Divestiture
Following of the closing of our merger with VEREIT, we contributed 92 office real estate assets, a consolidated real 
estate venture holding one office asset, and an unconsolidated real estate venture holding five office assets to a 
wholly owned subsidiary named Orion. On November 12, 2021, we distributed the outstanding shares of Orion 
common stock to our shareholders (including legacy VEREIT stockholders who received shares of our common 
stock in our merger with VEREIT) on a pro rata basis at a rate of one share of Orion common stock for every ten 
shares of Realty Income common stock held on November 12, 2021, the applicable record date, which we refer to 
as the Orion Divestiture. The fair market value of these shares for tax distribution was determined to be $20.6272 
per share, which was calculated using the five-day volume weighted average share price after issuance. For more 
detail, see note 14, Distributions Paid and Payable. Following the Orion Divestiture, Orion began operating as a 
separate, independent public company. 

In conjunction with the Orion Divestiture, we incurred approximately $6.0 million of transaction costs during the year 
ended December 31, 2021, which were included in the $167.4 million of merger and integration-related costs within 
our consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. We incurred $1.9 million of transaction costs 
relating to the Orion Divestiture during the year ended December 31, 2022.

As part of the Orion Divestiture, Orion paid us a dividend of $425.0 million and reimbursed $170.2 million to us for 
the early redemption of mortgage loans underlying the contributed assets prior to the effectuation of the Orion 
Divestiture. The distribution of Orion resulted in the derecognition of net assets of $1.74 billion, which net of the 
aforementioned cash payments of $595.2 million, resulted in a reduction to additional paid in capital of $1.14 billion. 

78

In connection with the divestiture, we entered into certain agreements with Orion to effect our legal and structural 
separation, including a transition services agreement ("TSA") and reverse TSA to provide certain administrative and 
other services for a limited time, and tax matters. 

4. 

Supplemental Detail for Certain Components of Consolidated Balance Sheets (dollars in thousands):

A. Accounts receivable, net, consist of the following at:

December 31, 2022

December 31, 2021

Straight-line rent receivables, net

Client receivables, net

B.

Lease intangible assets, net, consist of the following at:

In-place leases

Accumulated amortization of in-place leases

Above-market leases

Accumulated amortization of above-market leases

C. Other assets, net, consist of the following at:

Financing receivables

Right of use asset - operating leases, net

Right of use asset - financing leases

Derivative assets and receivables – at fair value

Restricted escrow deposits

Prepaid expenses

Impounds related to mortgages payable

Credit facility origination costs, net

Corporate assets, net

Investment in sales type lease

Non-refundable escrow deposits

Note receivable

Other items

D. Accounts payable and accrued expenses consist of the following at:

Notes payable - interest payable

Derivative liabilities and payables – at fair value

Property taxes payable

Accrued costs on properties under development

Accrued property expenses

Value-added tax payable

Accrued income taxes

Mortgages, term loans, and credit line - interest payable

Merger and integration-related costs

Other items

E.

Lease intangible liabilities, net, consist of the following at:

Below-market leases

Accumulated amortization of below-market leases

79

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

363,993  $ 

203,970 

567,963  $ 

231,943 

194,825 

426,768 

December 31, 2022

December 31, 2021

5,324,565  $ 

(1,409,878) 

1,697,367 

(443,688) 

5,168,366  $ 

4,791,846 

(804,050) 

1,591,382 

(303,874) 

5,275,304 

December 31, 2022

December 31, 2021

933,116  $ 

603,097 

467,920 

83,100 

37,627 

28,128 

18,152 

17,196 

12,334 

5,951 

5,667 
— 

39,939 

323,921 

631,515 

218,332 

29,593 

68,541 

18,062 

5,249 

4,352 

10,915 

7,492 

28,560 

4,455 

18,592 

2,252,227  $ 

1,369,579 

December 31, 2022

December 31, 2021

129,202  $ 

108,227 

64,724 

45,572 

26,559 

25,290 

23,375 

22,626 

4,404 

1,464 

55,921 

70,617 

36,173 

19,665 

27,344 

11,297 

19,152 

3,874 

10,699 

44,080 

399,137  $ 

351,128 

December 31, 2022

December 31, 2021

1,617,870  $ 

(238,434) 

1,379,436  $ 

1,460,701 

(152,480) 

1,308,221 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F. Other liabilities consist of the following at:

Lease liability - operating leases, net

Rent received in advance and other deferred revenue 

Lease liability - financing leases

Security deposits

5. 

Investments in Real Estate

December 31, 2022

December 31, 2021

$ 

$ 

440,096  $ 

269,645 

49,469 

15,577 

774,787  $ 

461,748 

242,122 

43,987 

11,340 

759,197 

We acquire land, buildings and improvements necessary for the successful operations of commercial clients.

Acquisitions During the Years ended December 31, 2022, and 2021

A. 
Below is a summary of our acquisitions for the year ended December 31, 2022 (unaudited):

Number of
Properties

Leasable
Square Feet
(in thousands, 
unaudited)

Investment
($ in millions)

Weighted
Average
Lease Term
(Years)

Initial 
Weighted
Average Cash
Lease Yield (1)

Year ended December 31, 
2022 (2)
Acquisitions - U.S. 

Acquisitions - Europe 

Total acquisitions
Properties under development (3)
Total (4)

990 

94 

1,084 

217 

1,301 

15,774  $ 

11,179 

26,953  $ 

5,500 

32,453  $ 

5,746.4 

2,441.3 

8,187.7 

807.6 

8,995.3 

19.3

8.9

16.3

15.0

16.2

 6.0 %

 6.0 %

 6.0 %

 5.3 %

 5.9 %

(1) The initial weighted average cash lease yield for a property is generally computed as estimated contractual first year cash net operating 

income, which, in the case of a net leased property, is equal to the aggregate cash base rent for the first full year of each lease, divided by the 
total cost of the property. Since it is possible that a client could default on the payment of contractual rent, we cannot provide assurance that 
the actual return on the funds invested will remain at the percentages listed above. Contractual net operating income used in the calculation of 
initial weighted average cash yield includes approximately $10.5 million received as settlement credits as reimbursement of free rent periods 
for the year ended December 31, 2022.

In the case of a property under development or expansion, the contractual lease rate is generally fixed such that rent varies based on the 
actual total investment in order to provide a fixed rate of return. When the lease does not provide for a fixed rate of return on a property under 
development or expansion, the initial weighted average cash lease yield is computed as follows: estimated cash net operating income 
(determined by the lease) for the first full year of each lease, divided by our projected total investment in the property, including land, 
construction and capitalized interest costs.

(2) None of our investments during the year ended December 31, 2022 caused any one client to be 10% or more of our total assets at December 

31, 2022.

(3) Includes five U.K. development properties that represent an investment of £40.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2022, converted 

at the applicable exchange rate on the funding date. 

(4) Our clients occupying the new properties are 71.4% retail, 19.1% gaming, 6.5% industrial and 3.0% other property types (including 2.7% 

agricultural and 0.3% office) based on rental revenue. Approximately 23% of the rental revenue generated from acquisitions during the year 
ended December 31, 2022 is from our investment grade rated clients, their subsidiaries or affiliated companies.

The acquisitions during the year ended December 31, 2022, which had no associated contingent consideration, 
were allocated as follows (in millions):

Year ended December 31, 2022
Land (2)
Buildings and improvements
Lease intangible assets (3)
Other assets (4)
Lease intangible liabilities (5)
Other liabilities (6)

Acquisitions - USD (1)

Acquisitions - Sterling

Acquisitions - Euro

$ 

1,568.6  £ 

3,853.6 

458.6 

634.1 

(94.9)   

(46.0)   

640.5  € 

663.0 

247.8 

203.0 

(60.1)   

(4.9)   

118.0 

156.8 

51.1 

5.4 

— 

— 

331.3 
(1) Included in USD-denominated acquisitions was an investment of $1.7 billion into a single property in the gaming industry. The acquisition was 
allocated as (i) $419.5 million to land, (ii) $1.28 billion to buildings and improvements, (iii) $13.2 million of right-of-use assets accounted for as 
operating leases included in 'Other assets' and (iv) $9.3 million of lease liabilities under operating leases included in 'Other liabilities'.

6,374.0  £ 

1,689.3  € 

$ 

(2) Sterling-denominated land includes £42.5 million of right of use assets under long-term ground leases.
(3) The weighted average amortization period for acquired lease intangible assets is 11.6 years. 

80

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(4) USD-denominated other assets consists of $585.7 million of financing receivables with above-market terms and $32.8 million of right-of-use 
assets accounted for as finance leases, and $15.6 million of right of use assets under ground leases. Sterling-denominated other assets 
consists of £12.2 million of financing receivables with above-market terms, £188.4 million of right-of-use assets accounted for as finance 
leases and £2.4 million of right-of-use assets accounted for as operating leases. Euro-denominated other assets consists entirely of financing 
receivables with above-market terms. 

(5) The weighted average amortization period for acquired lease intangible liabilities is 14.2 years. 
(6) USD-denominated other liabilities consists of $28.0 million of deferred rent on certain below-market leases, $11.5 million of lease liabilities 

under ground leases, and $8.6 million of lease liabilities under financing leases. Sterling-denominated other liabilities consists of £2.4 million of 
lease liabilities under operating leases and £2.5 million of deferred rent on certain below-market leases. 

The properties acquired during the year ended December 31, 2022 generated total revenues of $211.3 million and 
net income of $79.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2022.

Below is a summary of our acquisitions for the year ended December 31, 2021 (information is unaudited and 
excludes properties assumed on November 1, 2021 in conjunction with our merger with VEREIT):

Year ended December 31, 2021 (2)
Acquisitions - U.S.

Acquisitions - Europe 

Total acquisitions
Properties under development (3)
Total (4)

Number of
Properties

Leasable
Square Feet
(in thousands, 
unaudited)

Investment
($ in millions)

Weighted
Average
Lease Term
(Years)

Initial 
Weighted 
Average 
Cash Lease 
Yield (1)

714 

129 

843 

68 

911 

14,727  $ 

9,196 

23,923  $ 

2,682 

3,608.6 

2,558.9 

6,167.5 

243.3 

26,605  $ 

6,410.8 

14.1

11.6

13.1

15.7

13.2

 5.5 %

 5.5 %

 5.5 %

 6.0 %

 5.5 %

(1) Contractual net operating income used in the calculation of initial weighted average cash yield includes approximately $8.5 million received as 

settlement credits as reimbursement of free rent periods for the year ended December 31, 2021.

(2) None of our investments during the year ended December 31, 2021 caused any one client to be 10% or more of our total assets at December 

31, 2021.

(3) Includes one U.K. development property that represents an investment of £7.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2021, converted at 

the applicable exchange rate on the funding date.

(4) Our clients occupying the new properties are 83.6% retail and 16.4% industrial, based on rental revenue. Approximately 40% of the rental 

revenue generated from acquisitions during the year ended December 31, 2021, was from investment grade rated clients, their subsidiaries or 
affiliated companies.

The acquisitions during the year ended December 31, 2021, which had no associated contingent consideration, 
were allocated as follows (in millions):

Year ended December 31, 2021

Land (1)
Buildings and improvements
Lease intangible assets (2)
Other assets (3)
Lease intangible liabilities (4)
Other liabilities (5)

Acquisitions - USD

Acquisitions - Sterling

Acquisitions - Euro

$ 

1,054.4  £ 

438.9  € 

1,802.6 

547.8 

530.2 

(91.6)   

(127.6)   

3,715.8  £ 

888.0 

248.9 

40.4 

(7.1)   

(0.3)   

1,608.9  € 

$ 

106.2 

173.4 

34.9 

21.9 

— 

(16.0) 

320.4 

(1) Sterling-denominated land includes £8.2 million of right of use assets under long-term ground leases.
(2) The weighted average amortization period for acquired lease intangible assets is 12.7 years. 
(3)  USD-denominated other assets consists of $179.7 million of financing receivables with above-market terms, $85.0 million of right-of-use 

assets accounted for as finance leases, $5.8 million in investments in sales-type leases, and $259.7 million of right of use assets under ground 
leases. Sterling-denominated other assets consists of £7.2 million of financing receivables with above-market terms and £33.2 million of right-
of-use assets accounted for as finance leases. Euro-denominated other assets consists entirely of financing receivables with above-market 
terms.

(4) The weighted average amortization period for acquired lease intangible liabilities is 15.9 years. 
(5)  USD-denominated other liabilities consists of $26.9 million of deferred rent on certain below-market leases, $67.4 million of lease liabilities 
under ground leases and $33.3 million of lease liabilities under financing leases. Sterling-denominated other liabilities consists entirely of a 
mortgage premium. Euro-denominated other liabilities consists entirely of deferred rent on certain below-market leases. 

81

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The properties acquired during the year ended December 31, 2021, which were all accounted for as asset 
acquisitions, generated total revenues of $136.6 million and net income of $25.8 million during the year ended 
December 31, 2021.

Investments in Existing Properties

B. 
During the year ended December 31, 2022, we capitalized costs of $96.7 million on existing properties in our 
portfolio, consisting of $88.3 million for non-recurring building improvements, $5.2 million for re-leasing costs, and 
$3.2 million for recurring capital expenditures. In comparison, during the year ended December 31, 2021, we 
capitalized costs of $21.9 million on existing properties in our portfolio, consisting of $14.6 million for non-recurring 
building improvements, $6.3 million for re-leasing costs, and $1.0 million for recurring capital expenditures. 

Properties with Existing Leases

C. 
The value of the in-place and above-market leases is recorded to 'Lease intangible assets, net' on our consolidated 
balance sheets, and the value of the below-market leases is recorded to 'Lease intangible assets, net' on our 
consolidated balance sheets. 

The values of the in-place leases are amortized as depreciation and amortization expense. The amounts amortized 
to expense for all of our in-place leases, for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 were 
$634.9 million, $247.5 million, and $134.6 million, respectively.

The values of the above-market and below-market leases are amortized over the term of the respective leases, 
including any bargain renewal options, as an adjustment to rental revenue in the consolidated statements of income 
and comprehensive income. The amounts amortized as a net decrease to rental revenue for capitalized above-
market and below-market leases for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 were $111.7 million, 
$54.6 million, and $30.9 million, respectively. If a lease was to be terminated prior to its stated expiration, all 
unamortized amounts relating to that lease would be recorded to revenue or expense, as appropriate.

The following table presents the estimated impact during the next five years and thereafter related to the 
amortization of the above-market and below-market lease intangibles and the amortization of the in-place lease 
intangibles at December 31, 2022 (dollars in thousands):

2023

2024

2025

2026

2027

Thereafter

Totals

Net
increase 
(decrease) to
rental revenue

$ 

(56,782)  $ 

(50,525)   

(43,963)   

(36,100)   

(27,926)   

341,053 

125,757  $ 

$ 

Increase to
amortization
expense

589,541 

522,895 

451,177 

402,028 

348,289 

1,600,757 

3,914,687 

D. 

Gain on Sales of Real Estate

The following table summarizes our properties sold during the periods indicated below, excluding our proportionate 
share of net proceeds from the disposition of properties by our unconsolidated industrial partnerships for 2022 and 
2021 and the properties disposed from the spin-off of office properties to Orion in November 2021 (dollars in 
millions):

Number of properties

Net sales proceeds

Gain on sales of real estate

2022

168 

434.9  $ 

102.7  $ 

$ 

$ 

Years ended December 31,

2021

154 

250.3  $ 

55.8  $ 

2020

126 

262.5 

76.2 

These property sales do not represent a strategic shift that will have a major effect on our operations and financial 
results, and therefore do not require presentation as discontinued operations.

82

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
E. 
The following is a summary of our investments in unconsolidated entities as of December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

Investment in Unconsolidated Entities

Ownership % (1)

Number of 
Properties

Carrying Amount of 
Investment as of 

Equity in income and impairment of 
investment in unconsolidated entities for the 
year ended(2)

As of December 31, 2022

December 31, 
2022

December 31, 
2021

December 31, 
2022

December 31, 
2021

December 31, 
2020

Investment(2)

Industrial 

 20 %

—  $ 

— $ 

Partnerships

— 
(1) Our ownership interest reflects legal ownership interest. Legal ownership may, at times, not equal our economic interest in the listed properties 
because of various provisions in certain entity agreements regarding capital contributions, distributions of cash flow based on capital account 
balances, allocations of profits and losses and payments of preferred returns. As a result, our actual economic interest (as distinct from its 
legal ownership interest) in certain of the properties could fluctuate from time to time and may not wholly align with legal ownership interests.
(2)  All seven assets held by our industrial partnerships were sold during the year ended December 31, 2022. As the portion of the net proceeds 
applied to our investment basis that we expected to receive at closing was less than our $121.4 million carrying amount of investment in 
unconsolidated entities, we recognized an other than temporary impairment of $8.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2022. The 
other than temporary impairments are included in 'Equity in income and impairment of investment in unconsolidated entities' in the 
consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income for the periods presented.

140,967  $ 

(6,448)  $ 

1,106  $ 

As a result of the merger with VEREIT, we assumed a preferred equity interest in the development of one 
distribution center for which we were entitled to receive a cumulative preferred return of 9% per year on the initial 
contribution of $22.8 million along with a share in the profit earned in the event of the sale of the property to a third 
party. Under the acquisition method of accounting, this preferred equity interest was adjusted to its fair value of 
$38.1 million at the time of the merger. During December 2021, the distribution center was sold to a third party and 
we received proceeds of $38.3 million and recorded a $0.2 million gain on disposition.

The aggregate debt outstanding for unconsolidated entities was $431.8 million as of December 31, 2021, all of 
which was non-recourse to us with limited customary exceptions that varied from loan to loan. There was no 
aggregate debt outstanding as of December 31, 2022, as all seven properties owned by our industrial partnerships 
were sold during the year ended December 31, 2022, and the debt underlying each of the seven properties was 
either defeased or prepaid in connection with the sales.

Each of us and our unconsolidated entity partners were subject to the provisions of the applicable entity agreements 
for our unconsolidated partnerships, which included provisions for when additional contributions might be required 
to fund certain cash shortfalls.

6.

Revolving Credit Facility and Commercial Paper Programs

Credit Facility

A. 
We have a $4.25 billion unsecured revolving multicurrency credit facility that matures in June 2026, includes two 
six-month extensions that can be exercised at our option, and allows us to borrow in up to 14 currencies, including 
U.S dollars. Our revolving credit facility also has a $1.0 billion expansion option, which is subject to obtaining lender 
commitments. Under our revolving credit facility, our current investment grade credit ratings provide for financing on 
USD borrowings at the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR"), plus 0.725% with a SOFR adjustment charge 
of 0.10% and a revolving credit facility fee of 0.125%, for all-in pricing of 0.95% over SOFR, British Pound Sterling 
at the Sterling Overnight Indexed Average (“SONIA”), plus 0.725% with a SONIA adjustment charge of 0.0326% 
and a revolving credit facility fee of 0.125%, for all-in pricing of 0.8826% over SONIA, and Euro Borrowings at one-
month Euro Interbank Offered Rate (“EURIBOR”), plus 0.725%, and a revolving credit facility fee of 0.125%, for all-
in pricing of 0.85% over one-month EURIBOR. 

As of December 31, 2022, credit facility origination costs of $17.2 million are included in other assets, net, as 
compared to $4.4 million at December 31, 2021, on our consolidated balance sheets. These costs are being 
amortized over the remaining term of our revolving credit facility.

As of December 31, 2022, we had a borrowing capacity of $2.2 billion available on our revolving credit facility 
(subject to customary conditions to borrowing) and an outstanding balance of $2.0 billion, comprised of €1.8 billion 
Euro and £70.0 million Sterling borrowings, as compared to an outstanding balance at December 31, 2021 of 
$650.0 million, consisting entirely of USD borrowings.

The weighted average interest rate on outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit facility was 1.8% during 
the year ended December 31, 2022, and 0.9% during the year ended December 31, 2021.  At December 31, 2022, 
our weighted average interest rate on borrowings outstanding under our revolving credit facility was 2.6%.  Our 

83

revolving credit facility is subject to various leverage and interest coverage ratio limitations, and at December 31, 
2022, we were in compliance with the covenants under our revolving credit facility.

Commercial Paper Programs

B. 
During July 2022, our USD-denominated unsecured commercial paper program was amended to increase the 
maximum aggregate amount of outstanding notes from $1.0 billion to $1.5 billion. Also during July 2022, we 
established a new Euro-denominated unsecured commercial paper program, which permits us to issue additional 
unsecured commercial notes up to a maximum aggregate amount of $1.5 billion (or foreign currency equivalent), 
which may be issued in USD or various foreign currencies, including but not limited to, Euros, Sterling, Swiss 
Francs, Yen, Canadian Dollars, and Australian Dollars, in each case, pursuant to customary terms in the European 
commercial paper market. 

The commercial paper ranks on a parity in right of payment with all of our other unsecured senior indebtedness 
outstanding from time to time, including borrowings under our revolving credit facility, our term loans and our 
outstanding senior unsecured notes. Proceeds from commercial paper borrowings are used for general corporate 
purposes.

As of December 31, 2022, the balance of borrowings outstanding under our commercial paper programs was 
$701.8 million, including €361.0 million of Euro-denominated borrowings, as compared to $901.4 million outstanding 
commercial paper borrowings, consisting entirely of USD-denominated borrowings at December 31, 2021. The 
weighted average interest rate on outstanding borrowings under our commercial paper programs was 1.6% for the 
year ended December 31, 2022, and 0.2% for the year ended December 31, 2021.  As of December 31, 2022, our 
weighted average interest rate on outstanding borrowings under our commercial paper programs was 3.4%. We use 
our $4.25 billion revolving credit facility as a liquidity backstop for the repayment of the notes issued under the 
commercial paper programs. The commercial paper borrowings generally carry a term of less than a year. 

7.

Term Loans

In October 2018, in conjunction with entering into our current revolving credit facility, we entered into 
a $250.0 million senior unsecured term loan, which matures in March 2024. Prior to April 2022, borrowing under this 
term loan bore interest at the current one-month London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), plus 0.85%. In 
connection with entering into our new unsecured credit facility in April 2022, the previous LIBOR benchmark rate 
was replaced with daily SOFR, based on a five-day lookback period, and, due to our current credit ratings, is not 
subject to a credit spread adjustment. In conjunction with this term loan, we also entered into an interest rate swap, 
which was based off the daily SOFR through June 30, 2022. As of December 31, 2022, the effective interest rate on 
this term loan, after giving effect to the interest rate swap, was 3.83%.

At December 31, 2022, deferred financing costs of $0.2 million are included net of the term loan principal balance, 
as compared to $0.4 million at December 31, 2021, on our consolidated balance sheets. These costs are being 
amortized over the remaining term of the term loan. 

During January 2023, we borrowed an aggregate of approximately $1.0 billion in multicurrency borrowings under an 
unsecured term loan initially maturing January 2024. See note 19, Subsequent Events for further details. 

8.

Mortgages Payable

During the year ended December 31, 2022, we made $312.2 million in principal payments, including the full 
repayment of 12 mortgages for $308.0 million. During the year ended December 31, 2021, we made $66.6 million in 
principal payments, including the full repayment of seven mortgages for $63.0 million. We assumed eight mortgages 
on 17 properties totaling $45.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to the assumption of 
11 mortgages totaling $881.1 million in principal, including ten mortgages from our merger with VEREIT totaling 
$839.1 million and one Sterling-denominated mortgage on one property totaling £31.0 million for the year ended 
December 31, 2021. Assumed mortgages are secured by the properties on which the debt was placed and are 
considered non-recourse debt with limited customary exceptions which vary from loan to loan.

84

In September 2021, we completed the early redemption on $12.5 million in principal of a mortgage due June 2032, 
plus accrued and unpaid interest. In October 2021, we completed the early redemption on $9.6 million in principal of 
a mortgage due June 2022, plus accrued and unpaid interest. As a result of the early redemptions in September 
and October of 2021, we recognized total losses of $4.3 million on extinguishment of debt during the year ended 
December 31, 2021. There were no comparable mortgage redemptions during the years ended December 31, 2022 
or 2020. 

Our mortgages contain customary covenants, such as limiting our ability to further mortgage each applicable 
property or to discontinue insurance coverage without the prior consent of the lender. At December 31, 2022, we 
were in compliance with these covenants.

The balance of our deferred financing costs, which are classified as part of 'Mortgages payable, net', on our 
consolidated balance sheets, was $0.8 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. These costs are being 
amortized over the remaining term of each mortgage.

The following table summarizes our mortgages payable as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 (dollars in thousands):

Weighted
Average
Stated
Interest
Rate (2)
 4.8 %

Weighted
Average
Effective
Interest
Rate (3)
 3.3 %

Number of
Properties (1)
136

267

 4.8 %

 3.5 %

Weighted
Average
Remaining
Years Until
Maturity

Remaining
Principal
Balance

Unamortized
Premium
and Deferred
Financing Costs
Balance, net

Mortgage
Payable
Balance

1.4

1.8

$  842,343  $ 

$ 1,114,129  $ 

11,582  $  853,925 

27,866  $ 1,141,995 

As Of

December 31, 2022

December 31, 2021

(1) At December 31, 2022, there were 18 mortgages on 136 properties. At December 31, 2021, there were 22 mortgages on 267 properties. With 
the exception of one Sterling-denominated mortgage which is paid quarterly, the mortgages require monthly payments with principal payments 
due at maturity. At December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, all mortgages were at fixed interest rates. 

(2) Stated interest rates ranged from 3.0% to 6.9% at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
(3) Effective interest rates ranged from 2.7% to 6.6% and 2.6% to 6.0% at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

The following table summarizes the maturity of mortgages payable, excluding net premiums of $12.4 million and 
deferred financing costs of $0.8 million as of December 31, 2022 (dollars in millions):

Year of Maturity

2023

2024

2025

2026

2027

Thereafter

Totals

$ 

$ 

Principal

22.0 

740.5 

42.0 

12.0 

22.3 

3.5 

842.3 

85

 
 
 
 
 
9. 

Notes Payable

General

A. 
Our senior unsecured notes and bonds are USD-denominated and Sterling-denominated. Foreign denominated 
notes are converted at the applicable exchange rate on the balance sheet date. The following are sorted by maturity 
date (in millions):

Principal Amount 
(Currency Denomination)

Carrying Value (USD) as of 
December 31,

2022

2021

500  $ 

500  $ 

4.600% notes, $500 issued February 2014, of which $485 was 
exchanged in November 2021, both due in February 2024 (1)

3.875% notes, issued in June 2014 and due in July 2024

3.875% notes, issued in April 2018 and due in April 2025

4.625% notes, $550 issued October 2018, of which $544 was 

exchanged in November 2021, both due in November 2025 (1)

0.750% notes, issued December 2020 and due in March 2026

4.875% notes, $600 issued June 2016, of which $596 was 
exchanged in November 2021, both due in June 2026 (1)

4.125% notes, $250 issued in September 2014 and $400 issued in 

March 2017, both due in October 2026

1.875% notes, issued in January 2022 and due in January 2027

3.000% notes, issued in October 2016 and due in January 2027

1.125% notes, issued in July 2021 and due in July 2027

3.950% notes, $600 issued August 2017, of which $594 was 
exchanged in November 2021, both due in August 2027 (1)

3.650% notes, issued in December 2017 and due in January 2028

3.400% notes, $600 issued June 2020, of which $598 was 

exchanged in November 2021, both due in January 2028 (1)

2.200% notes, $500 issued November 2020, of which $497 was 

exchanged in November 2021, both due in June 2028 (1)

3.250% notes, issued in June 2019 and due in June 2029

3.100% notes, $600 issued December 2019, of which $596 was 

exchanged in November 2021, both due in December 2029 (1)(2)

3.160% notes, issued in June 2022 and due in June 2030

1.625% notes, issued in October 2020 and due December 2030

3.250% notes, $600 issued in May 2020 and $350 issued in July 

2020, both due in January 2031

3.180% notes, issued in June 2022 and due in June 2032

5.625% notes, issued in October 2022 and due in October 2032

2.850% notes, $700 issued November 2020, of which $699 was 
exchanged in November 2021, both due in December 2032 (1)

1.800% notes, issued in December 2020 and due in March 2033

1.750% notes, issued in July 2021 and due in July 2033

2.730% notes, issued in May 2019 and due in May 2034

5.875% bonds, $100 issued in March 2005 and $150 issued in June 

2011, both due in March 2035

3.390% notes, issued in June 2022 and due in June 2037

2.500% notes, issued in January 2022 and due in January 2042

4.650% notes, $300 issued in March 2017 and $250 issued in 

December 2017, both due in March 2047

Total principal amount

Unamortized net premiums and deferred financing costs

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

£ 

$ 

£ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

£ 

£ 

$ 

£ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

£ 

£ 

$ 

£ 

£ 

$ 

350 

500 

550 

325 

600 

650 

250 

600 

400 

600 

550 

600 

500 

500 

599 

140 

400 

950 

345 

750 

700 

400 

350 

315 

250 

115 

250 

550 

350 

500 

550 

325 

600 

650 

301 

600 

482 

600 

550 

600 

500 

500 

599 

169 

482 

950 

416 

750 

700 

400 

422 

379 

250 

138  

301 

550  

14,114  $ 

164 

14,278  $ 

$ 

$ 

500 

350 

500 

550 

325 

600 

650 

— 

600 

541 

600 

550 

600 

500 

500 

599 

— 

541 

950 

— 

— 

700 

400 

474 

427 

250 

— 

— 

550 

12,257 

243 

12,500 

(1) Carrying Value (USD) includes the portion of the VEREIT OP notes that remained outstanding, totaling $39.1 million in the aggregate at 

December 31, 2022 and 2021, that were not exchanged in the exchange offers commenced by us with respect to the outstanding bonds of 
VEREIT OP in connection with the consummation of the merger with VEREIT (the "Exchange Offers").

(2) These notes were originally issued by VEREIT OP in December of 2019 for the principal amount of $600 million. The amount of Realty Income 
debt issued through the Exchange Offers was $599 million, resulting from cancellations due to late tenders that forfeited the early participation 
premium of $30 per $1,000 principal amount and cash paid in lieu of fractional shares. 

86

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table summarizes the maturity of our notes and bonds payable as of December 31, 2022, excluding 
net unamortized premiums of $224.6 million and deferred financing costs of $60.7 million (dollars in millions):

Year of Maturity

2024

2025

2026

2027

Thereafter

Totals

$ 

Principal

850 

1,050 

1,575 

1,983 

8,656 

$ 

14,114 

As of December 31, 2022, the weighted average interest rate on our notes and bonds payable was 3.4% and the 
weighted average remaining years until maturity was 7.2 years. 

Interest incurred on all of the notes and bonds was $431.3 million, $286.4 million, and $252.0 million for the years 
ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Our outstanding notes and bonds are unsecured; accordingly, we have not pledged any assets as collateral for 
these or any other obligations. Interest on our £400 million of 1.625% senior unsecured notes issued in October 
2020, our £400 million of 1.125% senior unsecured notes issued in July 2021, our £350 million of 1.750% senior 
unsecured notes also issued in July 2021, our £250 million of 1.875% senior unsecured notes issued in January 
2022, and £250 million of 2.500% senior unsecured notes also issued in January 2022 is paid annually. Interest on 
our remaining senior unsecured note and bond obligations is paid semiannually. 

All of these notes and bonds contain various covenants, including: (i) a limitation on incurrence of any debt which 
would cause our debt to total adjusted assets ratio to exceed 60%; (ii) a limitation on incurrence of any secured debt 
which would cause our secured debt to total adjusted assets ratio to exceed 40%; (iii) a limitation on incurrence of 
any debt which would cause our debt service coverage ratio to be less than 1.5 times; and (iv) the maintenance at 
all times of total unencumbered assets not less than 150% of our outstanding unsecured debt. At December 31, 
2022, we were in compliance with these covenants.

Note Repayments

B. 
We redeemed the following principal amounts (in millions) of certain outstanding notes, prior to their maturity. As a 
result of these early redemptions, we recognized the following losses on extinguishment of debt (in millions) in the 
consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. There were no comparable repayments for the year 
ended December 31, 2022.

2021 Repayments

Principal Amount (1)

Amount of Loss

Period Recognized 

4.650% notes due August 2023 redeemed in December 2021

3.250% notes due October 2022 redeemed in January 2021

$ 

$ 

750.0  $ 

950.0  $ 

46.4 

46.5 

December 31, 2021

March 31, 2021

Loss on Extinguishment of Debt

2020 Repayments

5.750% notes due January 2021 redeemed in January 2020
(1)  The redeemed principal amounts presented exclude the amounts we paid in accrued and unpaid interest.

250.0  $ 

$ 

9.8 

March 31, 2020

C. 
During the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 we issued the following notes and bonds (in millions):

Note Issuances

 2022 Issuances

1.875% Notes

2.500% Notes

3.160% Notes

3.180% Notes

3.390% Notes

5.625% Notes

Date of 
Issuance

Maturity Date

January 2022

January 2027

January 2022

January 2042

June 2022

June 2022

June 2022

June 2030

June 2032

June 2037

October 2022

October 2032

Principal 
amount used

Price of par 
value

Effective yield 
to maturity

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

$ 

250 

250 

140 

345 

115 

750 

 99.487 %

 98.445 %

 100.000 %

 100.000 %

 100.000 %

 99.879 %

 1.974 %

 2.584 %

 3.160 %

 3.180 %

 3.390 %

 5.641 %

87

 
 
 
 
 2021 Issuances

1.125% Notes

1.750% Notes
4.600% Notes(1)
4.625% Notes(1)
4.875% Notes(1)
3.950% Notes(1)
3.400% Notes(1)
2.200% Notes(1)
3.100% Notes(1)
2.850% Notes(1)

2020 Issuances
3.250% Notes (2)
3.250% Notes (2)
1.625% Notes

0.750% Notes

1.800% Notes

Date of 
Issuance

July 2021

July 2021

Maturity Date

July 2027

July 2033

November 2021

February 2024

November 2021

November 2025

November 2021

June 2026

November 2021

August 2027

November 2021

January 2028

November 2021

June 2028

November 2021

December 2029

November 2021

December 2032

Date of 
Issuance

May 2020

July 2020

Maturity Date

January 2031

January 2031

October 2020

December 2030

December 2020 March 2026

December 2020 March 2033

Principal 
amount used

Price of par 
value

Effective yield 
to maturity

£ 

£ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

400 

350 

485 

544 

596 

594 

598 

497 

596 

699 

 99.305 %

 99.842 %

 100.000 %

 100.000 %

 100.000 %

 100.000 %

 100.000 %

 100.000 %

 100.000 %

 100.000 %

 1.242 %

 1.757 %

 4.600 %

 4.625 %

 4.875 %

 3.950 %

 3.400 %

 2.200 %

 3.100 %

 2.850 %

Principal 
amount used

Price of par 
value

Effective yield 
to maturity

$ 

$ 

£ 

$ 

$ 

600 

350 

400 

325 

400 

 98.99 %

 108.24 %

 99.19 %

 99.19 %

 98.47 %

 3.364 %

 2.341 %

 1.712 %

 0.908 %

 1.941 %

(1) In connection with our merger with VEREIT, we completed our debt exchange offer to exchange all outstanding notes issued by VEREIT OP 
on November 9, 2021 for notes of identical terms issued by Realty Income, pursuant to which approximately 99.2% of the outstanding notes 
issued  by  VEREIT  OP  were  exchanged.  We  issued  $1,000  principal  amount  of  Realty  Notes  for  each  validly  tendered  VEREIT  Notes  with 
$1,000 principal amount.  For this reason, we denote our “Price of par value” as 100%. Prior to the completion of our merger with VEREIT on 
November  1,  2021,  these  notes  were  not  the  obligation  of  Realty  Income.  With  respect  to  the  notes  originally  issued  by  VEREIT  OP  that 
remained  outstanding,  we  amended  the  indenture  governing  such  notes  to,  among  other  things,  eliminate  substantially  all  of  the  restrictive 
covenants in such indenture.

To induce holders of the VEREIT OP notes to participate in the exchange, Realty Income offered noteholders electing to exchange their notes 
a  cash  payment  equal  to  10  basis  points  of  the  note  principal  amount  held. This  resulted  in  a  cash  payment  of  $4.6  million  to  participating 
noteholders. The exchange was accounted for as a modification of the existing VEREIT OP notes assumed in our merger with VEREIT. With 
respect to the notes originally issued by VEREIT OP that remained outstanding, we amended the indenture governing such notes to, among 
other things, eliminate substantially all of the restrictive covenants in such indenture.

(2) In July 2020, we issued $350.0 million of 3.250% senior unsecured notes due January 2031 (the "2031 Notes"), which constituted a further 

issuance of, and formed a single series with, the $600.0 million of 2031 Notes issued in May 2020.

The proceeds from each of these offerings were used to repay borrowings outstanding under our credit facility, to 
fund investment opportunities, and for other general corporate purposes. 

In January 2023, we issued $500 million of 5.05% senior unsecured notes due January 2026 and $600 million of 
4.85% senior unsecured notes due March 2030. See note 19, Subsequent Events for further details.

88

10.

Issuances of Common Stock

Issuance of Common Stock in Connection with VEREIT Acquisition

A. 
On November 1, 2021, we completed our acquisition of VEREIT. As a result of the merger, former VEREIT common 
stockholders, VEREIT OP common unitholders and awardees of vested share awards separated from Realty 
Income and received approximately 162 million shares of Realty Income common stock, based on the shares of 
VEREIT common stock and common units of VEREIT OP outstanding as of October 29, 2021. For further details, 
please refer to note 3, Merger with VEREIT, Inc. and Orion Office REIT Inc. Divestiture.

Issuances of Common Stock in Underwritten Public Offerings

B. 
In July 2021, we issued 9,200,000 shares of common stock, including 1,200,000 shares purchased by the 
underwriters upon the exercise of their option to purchase additional shares. After deducting underwriting discounts 
of $2.9 million, the net proceeds of $594.1 million were primarily used to repay borrowings under our commercial 
paper programs, to fund potential investment opportunities and for other general corporate purposes.

In January 2021, we issued 12,075,000 shares of common stock, including 1,575,000 shares purchased by the 
underwriters upon the exercise of their option to purchase additional shares. After deducting underwriting discounts 
of $19.3 million, the net proceeds of $669.6 million were used to fund property acquisitions, for general corporate 
purposes and working capital. 

In March 2020, we issued 9,690,500 shares of common stock, including 690,500 shares purchased by the 
underwriters upon the exercise of their option to purchase additional shares. The net proceeds of $728.9 million 
were used to repay borrowings under our credit facility, to fund investment opportunities, and for other general 
corporate purposes. 

There were no comparative offerings during the year ended December 31, 2022.

At-the-Market ("ATM") Program

C. 
In June 2022, we replaced our prior ATM program, which authorized us to offer and sell up to 69,088,433 shares of 
common stock, with a new "at-the-market" equity distribution program, or our ATM program, pursuant to which we 
may offer and sell up to 120,000,000 shares of common stock (1) by us to, or through, a consortium of banks acting 
as our sales agents or (2) by a consortium of banks acting as forward sellers on behalf of any forward purchasers 
contemplated thereunder, in each case by means of ordinary brokers' transactions on the NYSE under the ticker 
symbol "O" at prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices. After deducting 6,744,884 shares sold pursuant to 
forward sale confirmations that remained open at December 31, 2022, we had 70,620,121 additional shares 
remaining for future issuance under our ATM program. We anticipate maintaining the availability of our ATM 
program in the future, including the replenishment of authorized shares issuable thereunder. 

89

The following table outlines common stock issuances pursuant to our ATM programs (dollars in millions): 

Shares of common stock issued under the ATM program(1)

68,608,176

46,290,540

17,724,374

Years ended December 31,

2022

2021

2020

Gross proceeds

Sales agents' commissions

Other offering expenses

Net proceeds

$ 

$ 

4,599.4  $ 

3,207.9  $ 

1,094.9 

(34.3)   

(9.1)   

(27.3)   

(1.1)   

(14.6) 

(0.4) 

4,556.0  $ 

3,179.5  $ 

1,079.9 

(1)  During the year ended December 31, 2022, 65,279,851 shares were sold and 58,534,967 settled pursuant to forward sale confirmations. In 

addition, as of December 31, 2022, 6,744,884 shares of common stock subject to forward sale confirmations have been executed at a 
weighted average initial price of $63.31 per share but not settled. Upon settlement, subject to certain exceptions, we may elect, in our sole 
discretion, to cash settle or net share settle all or any portion of our obligations under any forward sale agreement, in which cases we may not 
receive any proceeds (in the case of cash settlement) or will not receive any proceeds (in the case of net share settlement), and we may owe 
cash (in the case of cash settlement) or shares of our common stock (in the case of net share settlement) to the relevant forward purchaser. 
We currently expect to fully physically settle any forward sale agreement with the respective forward purchaser on one or more dates specified 
by us on or prior to the maturity date of such forward sale agreement, in which case we expect to receive aggregate net cash proceeds at 
settlement equal to the number of shares specified in such forward sale agreement multiplied by the relevant forward price per share. We 
currently expect to fully settle the outstanding forward sale agreements during the three months ended March 31, 2023, representing $0.4 
billion in net proceeds, for which the weighted average forward price at December 31, 2022 was $62.59 per share. Our forward sale 
confirmations are accounted for as equity instruments, as we have determined the agreements meet the derivatives and hedging guidance 
scope exception. No shares were sold pursuant to forward sale confirmations during years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.

Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan ("DRSPP")

D. 
Our DRSPP, provides our common stockholders, as well as new investors, with a convenient and economical 
method of purchasing our common stock and reinvesting their distributions. Our DRSPP also allows our current 
stockholders to buy additional shares of common stock by reinvesting all or a portion of their distributions. Our 
DRSPP authorizes up to 26,000,000 common shares to be issued. At December 31, 2022, we had 11,159,825 
shares remaining for future issuance under our DRSPP program.

The following table outlines common stock issuances pursuant to our DRSPP program (dollars in millions):

Shares of common stock issued under the DRSPP program

2022

175,554

2021

168,000

Gross proceeds

$ 

11.7  $ 

11.2  $ 

2020

149,289

9.1 

Years ended December 31,

Our DRSPP includes a waiver approval process, allowing larger investors or institutions, per a formal approval 
process, to purchase shares at a small discount, if approved by us. We did not issue shares under the waiver 
approval process during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 or 2020.

11. 

Noncontrolling Interests

There are four entities with noncontrolling interests that we consolidate, including an operating partnership, Realty 
Income, L.P., a joint venture acquired in December 2019, and two development joint ventures, one acquired in 
December 2020 and one acquired in May 2021. 

In November 2021, we issued 300,604 common partnership units in Realty Income, L.P. in connection with the 
acquisition of seven properties and recorded $20.4 million of noncontrolling interests. In December 2021, we issued 
240,586 common partnership units in Realty Income, L.P. in connection with the acquisition of one property and 
recorded $16.6 million of noncontrolling interests. In November 2021 we issued 56,400 of common partnership units 
in Realty Income, L.P. in exchange for VEREIT OP units in connection with our merger with VEREIT and recorded 
noncontrolling interests of $1.8 million. In addition, during September 2022, we issued 734,458 common partnership 
units in Realty Income, L.P. in connection with the acquisition of nine properties and recorded $51.2 million of 
contributions to noncontrolling interests. At December 31, 2022, outstanding common partnership units in Realty 
Income, L.P. represented 6.9% ownership interest in Realty Income L.P.  We hold the remaining 93.1% interest and 
consolidate the entity.

90

 
 
None of our common partnership units have voting rights. Common partnership units are entitled to monthly 
distributions equal to the amount paid to common stockholders of Realty Income, and are redeemable in cash or 
Realty Income common stock, at our option, and at a conversion ratio of 1.02934 due to the Orion Divestiture, 
subject to certain exceptions. Prior to the Orion Divestiture, the conversion ratio was one to one. These issuances 
with redemption provisions that permit the issuer to settle in either cash or common stock, at the option of the 
issuer, were evaluated to determine whether temporary or permanent equity classification on the balance sheet was 
appropriate. We determined that the units meet the requirements to qualify for presentation as permanent equity.

In May 2021 and December 2020, we completed the respective acquisition of a development property by acquiring 
a controlling interest in a joint venture. We are the managing member of these two joint ventures, and possess the 
ability to control the business and manage the affairs of these entities. At December 31, 2022, we and our 
subsidiaries held an 89.6% interest in the joint venture established in May 2021 and an 94.5% interest in the joint 
venture established in December 2020.

In December 2019, we completed the acquisition of nine properties by acquiring a controlling interest in a joint 
venture. We are the managing member of this joint venture and possess the ability to control the business and 
manage the affairs of this entity. At December 31, 2022, we and our subsidiaries held an 89.9% interest, and 
consolidated this entity in our consolidated financial statements.

The following table represents the change in the carrying value of all noncontrolling interests through December 31, 
2022 (dollars in thousands):

Carrying value at December 31, 2020

Contributions

Issued in merger

Orion divestiture

Reallocation of equity

Distributions

Allocation of net income

Carrying value at December 31, 2021

$ 

Contributions 

Distributions

Allocation of net income

Reallocation of equity 

Realty Income, L.P. 
units (1)
24,100  $ 

$ 

Other
Noncontrolling
Interests

8,147  $ 

6,415 

— 

— 

— 

(294)   

142 

14,410  $ 

— 

(307)   

236 

— 

Total

32,247 

43,390 

3,160 

(1,352) 

(42) 

(1,868) 

1,291 

76,826 

51,221 

(4,125) 

3,008 

3,210 

36,975 

3,160 

(1,352)   

(42)   

(1,574)   

1,149 

62,416  $ 

51,221 

(3,818)   

2,772 

3,210 

Carrying value at December 31, 2022

$ 

115,801  $ 

14,339  $ 

130,140 

(1)  In September 2022, we issued 734,458 common partnership units in Realty Income, L.P. in connection with the acquisition of nine properties 
and recorded $51.2 million of contributions to noncontrolling interests.  1,795,167 and 1,060,709 units were outstanding as of December 31, 
2022 and 2021, respectively.

At December 31, 2022, Realty Income, L.P. and certain of our investments, including investments in joint ventures, 
are considered VIEs in which we were deemed the primary beneficiary based on our controlling financial interests. 
For further information, see note 2 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Procedures and New 
Accounting Standards. 

12. 

Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received from the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an 
orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (the exit price). 

ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, sets forth a fair value hierarchy that categorizes inputs to 
valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted 
prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and lowest priority to unobservable inputs. Categorization 
within this hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

•

Level 1 – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets 

91

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial instruments are classified as Level 1 if their value is observable in an active market. Such 
instruments are valued by reference to unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active 
markets where the quoted price is readily available, and the price represents actual and regularly occurring 
market transactions.  An active market is one in which transactions occur with sufficient volume and 
frequency to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis. 

•

•

Level 2 – Valuation Technique Using Observable Inputs
Financial instruments classified as Level 2 are valued using quoted prices for identical instruments in 
markets that are not considered to be active, or quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active 
markets, or valuation techniques in which all significant inputs are observable or can be corroborated by 
observable market data for substantially the entire contractual term of the financial asset or liability. 

Level 3 – Valuation Technique Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
Financial instruments are classified as Level 3 if their valuation incorporates significant inputs that are not 
based on observable market data (unobservable inputs). Such inputs are generally determined based on 
observable inputs of a similar nature, historical observations on the level of the inputs, or other analytical 
techniques. 

We evaluate our hierarchy disclosures each quarter and depending on various factors, it is possible that an asset or 
liability may be classified differently from period to period. Changes in the type of inputs may result in a 
reclassification for certain assets. We have not historically had changes in classifications and do not expect that 
changes in classifications between levels will be frequent.

Financial Instruments Not Measured at Fair Value on the Consolidated Balance Sheets

A. 
The fair value of short-term financial instruments such as cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, escrow 
deposits, loans receivable, accounts payable, distributions payable, line of credit payable and commercial paper 
borrowings, and other liabilities approximate their carrying value in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, 
due to their short-term nature. The fair value of our $250 million term loan approximates carrying value due to the 
frequent repricing of the variable interest rate charged on the borrowing, which is based on the daily SOFR. The fair 
value of our financial instruments not carried at fair value are disclosed as follows (in millions):

December 31, 2022
Mortgages payable assumed in connection with acquisitions (1)
Notes and bonds payable (2)

December 31, 2021
Mortgages payable assumed in connection with acquisitions (1)
Notes and bonds payable (2)

Carrying value

842.3  $ 

14,114.2  $ 

Carrying value

1,114.1  $ 

12,257.3  $ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

Estimated fair 
value

810.4 

12,522.8 

Estimated fair 
value

1,154.7 

13,114.5 

(1) Excludes non-cash net premiums recorded on the mortgages payable. The unamortized balance of these net premiums was $12.4 million at 
December 31, 2022, and $28.7 million at December 31, 2021. Also excludes deferred financing costs of $0.8 million at December 31, 2022, 
and $0.8 million at December 31, 2021.

(2) Excludes non-cash premiums and discounts recorded on notes payable. The unamortized balance of the net premiums was $224.6 million at 
December 31, 2022, and $295.5 million at December 31, 2021. Also excludes deferred financing costs of $60.7 million at December 31, 2022, 
and $53.1 million at December 31, 2021.

The estimated fair values of our mortgages payable assumed in connection with acquisitions and private senior 
notes payable have been calculated by discounting the future cash flows using an interest rate based upon the 
relevant forward interest rate curve, plus an applicable credit-adjusted spread. Because this methodology includes 
unobservable inputs that reflect our own internal assumptions and calculations, the measurement of estimated fair 
values related to our mortgages payable is categorized as level three on the three-level valuation hierarchy.

The estimated fair values of our publicly-traded senior notes and bonds payable are based upon indicative market 
prices and recent trading activity of our senior notes and bonds payable. Because this methodology includes inputs 
that are less observable by the public and are not necessarily reflected in active markets, the measurement of the 
estimated fair values related to our notes and bonds payable is categorized as level two on the three-level valuation 
hierarchy.

92

Financial Instruments Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

B. 
For derivative assets and liabilities, we may utilize interest rate swaps and forward-starting swaps to manage 
interest rate risk, and cross-currency swaps, currency exchange swaps, foreign currency forwards and foreign 
currency collars to manage foreign currency risk. The valuation of these instruments is determined using widely 
accepted valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each 
derivative. This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity, and uses 
observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves, spot and forward rates, as well as option volatility. 

Derivative fair values also include credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect both our own nonperformance 
risk and the respective counterparty’s nonperformance risk in the fair value measurements. In adjusting the fair 
value of our derivative contracts for the effect of nonperformance risk, we have considered the impact of netting and 
any applicable credit enhancements, such as collateral postings, thresholds, mutual puts, and guarantees.

Although we have determined that the majority of the inputs used to value our derivatives fall within level two on the 
three-level valuation hierarchy, the credit valuation adjustments associated with our derivatives utilize level three 
inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads, to evaluate the likelihood of default by ourselves and our 
counterparties. However, at December 31, 2022, and 2021, we assessed the significance of the impact of the credit 
valuation adjustments on the overall valuation of our derivative positions and determined that the credit valuation 
adjustments are not significant to the overall valuation of our derivatives. As a result, we determined that our 
derivative valuations in their entirety are classified as level two.

C. 

Items Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis

Impairment of Real Estate Investments
Certain financial and nonfinancial assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis and are 
subject to fair value adjustments only under certain circumstances, such as when an impairment write-down occurs.

The impairments for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 primarily relate to properties sold, in the 
process of being sold, or vacant.

We identify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic as an impairment triggering event for properties occupied by 
certain clients experiencing difficulties meeting their lease obligations to us. After considering the impacts of the 
COVID-19 pandemic on the key assumptions noted above, we determined that the carrying values of 38 properties 
classified as held for investment for the year ended December 31, 2020 were not recoverable. As a result, we 
recorded provisions for impairment of $105.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 on the applicable 
properties impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. 

The following table summarizes our provisions for impairment on real estate investments during the periods 
indicated below (dollars in millions):

Carrying value prior to impairment

Less: total provisions for impairment

Carrying value after impairment

$ 

$ 

2022

140.9  $ 

(25.9)   

115.0  $ 

Years ended December 31,

2021

169.2  $ 

(39.0)   

130.2  $ 

2020

260.8 

(147.2) 

113.6 

Derivative Designated as Hedging Instruments 
In order to hedge the foreign currency risk associated with interest payments on intercompany loans denominated in 
British Pound Sterling ("GBP") and Euros, we have a hedging strategy to enter into foreign currency forward 
contracts to sell GBP, USD, and Euro and buy Euro, USD, and GBP. These foreign currency forwards are 
designated as cash flow hedges. Forward points on the forward contracts are included in the assessment of hedge 
effectiveness. Amounts reported in other comprehensive income (loss) related to foreign currency derivative 
contracts will be reclassified to other gain and (loss) in the same period during which the hedged forecasted 
transactions affect earnings.

93

 
In May 2019, we entered into four cross-currency swaps to exchange £130 million for $166 million maturing in May 
2034, in order to hedge the foreign currency risk associated with our Sterling-denominated intercompany loan 
receivable from our consolidated foreign subsidiaries. These cross-currency swaps were designated as cash flow 
hedges on their trade date. In June 2022, following the early prepayment of our Sterling-denominated intercompany 
loan receivable from our consolidated foreign subsidiaries, we terminated the four cross-currency swaps used to 
hedge the foreign currency exposure of the intercompany loan. As the hedge relationship was terminated and the 
future principal and interest associated with the prepaid intercompany loan did not occur, a $20.0 million gain was 
reclassified from AOCI to 'Foreign currency and derivative (loss) gain, net' during the three months ended June 30, 
2022. 

In October 2022, we entered into six cross-currency swaps to exchange €612 million for $600 million maturing in 
October 2032, in order to hedge the foreign currency risk associated with our Euro-denominated intercompany 
loans receivable from our consolidated foreign subsidiaries. We designated three of the six cross-currency swaps, 
exchanging €326 million for $320 million, as fair value hedges of foreign denominated intercompany loans 
receivable (the "hedged assets"). The hedged assets are eliminated in consolidation, but remeasurement gains and 
losses pertaining to the hedged assets impact earnings as part of 'Foreign currency and derivative (loss) gain, net'. 
For these hedges, we have elected to exclude the change in fair value of the cross-currency swaps related to both 
time value and cross currency basis spread from the assessment of hedge effectiveness (the "excluded 
component"). Changes in the fair value of the cross-currency swaps attributable to changes in the spot rates on the 
final notional exchanges and changes in the value of the hedged assets due to changes in the spot rates are 
recorded in 'Foreign currency and derivative (loss) gain, net'. Changes in the fair value of the cross-currency swaps 
attributable to the excluded components are recorded to Other comprehensive income and will be recognized in 
Foreign currency and derivative (loss) gain, net on a systematic and rational basis, as net cash settlements and 
interest accruals on the respective cross currency swaps occur, over the remaining life of the hedging instruments.

In February 2020, we entered into five forward starting treasury rate locks with notional amounts totaling 
$500.0 million. The treasury rate locks were entered into to hedge our exposure to the changes in the 10-year US 
treasury rates in anticipation of potential future debt offerings during the first half of 2020. The treasury rate locks 
were designated as cash flow hedges, with any changes in fair value recorded in AOCI. Upon the initial issuance of 
the 2031 Notes in May 2020, we amortized the AOCI balance over the term of the 2031 Notes. In June 2020, all five 
treasury rate locks were terminated and we entered into six forward starting interest rate swaps with notional 
amounts totaling $500.0 million in a cashless settlement of the terminated treasury rate locks. The forward starting 
swaps were entered into to hedge our exposure to the changes in the 3-month USD-LIBOR swap rate in 
anticipation of potential future debt offerings through a current estimated range ending in 2023. The forward starting 
swaps are designated as cash flow hedges, with any changes in fair value recorded in AOCI. Upon issuance of the 
2031 Notes during July 2020, the AOCI balance associated with four of the forward starting swaps with a notional 
amount of $350.0 million we amortized over the term of the notes. However, we elected not to terminate the four 
forward starting interest rate swaps, and redesignated the swaps in a new hedging relationship for a future debt 
issuance to hedge our exposure to the changes in the 10-year US treasury rates in anticipation of potential future 
debt offerings between May 2020 and December 2023. Upon the December 2020 issuance of $325.0 million of 
0.750% notes due March 2026 and $400.0 million of 1.800% notes due March 2033, the AOCI balance associated 
with six of the forward starting swaps with a notional amount of $500.0 million began amortizing over the term. The 
AOCI balance being amortized represents the change in fair value on four swaps with a notional amount of 
$350.0 million from the July issuance of the 2031 notes through the December note issuances and the change in 
fair value from the two remaining forward starting swaps with a notional amount of $150.0 million from their June 
2020 inception through the December note issuances. The notional amounts of the six swaps were first applied to 
the $400.0 million of 1.800% notes due March 2033, with the remaining $100.0 million of notional applied to the 
$325.0 million of 0.750% notes due March 2026. In connection with our October 2022 offering of $750 million of 
5.625% unsecured notes, due October 13, 2032, we terminated the six forward starting interest rate swaps. Upon 
the issuance of the October 2022 offering, the change in fair value on the six forward starting interest rate swaps 
with notional amounts totaling $500.0 million is being amortized through the AOCI balance through the term of the 
notes. 

As of December 31, 2022, we had one interest rate swap in place on our $250.0 million unsecured term loan. Our 
objective in using derivatives is to add stability to interest expense and to manage our exposure to interest rate 
movements. We designated this interest rate swap as a cash flow hedge in accordance with Topic 815, Derivatives 
and Hedging. This interest rate swap is recorded on the consolidated balances sheets at fair value. Changes to fair 
value are recorded to accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), or AOCI, and subsequently reclassified into 
interest expense in the same periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. This interest

94

rate swap, which was converted to a SOFR benchmark from LIBOR during June 2022, continues to be accounted 
for as a cash flow hedge.

The following table summarizes the amount of unrecognized gain (loss) on derivatives in other comprehensive 
income during the periods indicated below (in thousands):

Years ended December 31,

Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships

2022

2021

Currency swaps

Interest rate swaps

Foreign currency forwards 

Total derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships

Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships

$ 

$ 

(5,091)  $ 

8,232  $ 

98,310 

8,540 

34,659 

7,557 

2020

(2,169) 

(32,757) 

— 

101,759  $ 

50,448  $ 

(34,926) 

Currency swaps

(4,705)   

— 

— 

Total unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives

$ 

97,054  $ 

50,448  $ 

(34,926) 

The following table summarizes the amount of gain (loss) on derivatives reclassified from AOCI (in thousands):

Derivatives in Cash Flow 
Hedging Relationships

Location of Gain (Loss) 
Recognized in Income

2022

2021

2020

Currency swaps

Interest rate swaps

Foreign currency and derivative 

gain (loss), net

Interest expense 

Foreign currency and derivative 

$ 

30,814  $ 

(4,487)   

3,541  $ 

(10,343)   

(3,617) 

(11,434) 

Foreign Currency Forwards

gain, net

2,139 

— 

— 

Years ended December 31,

Total derivatives in cash flow 
hedging relationships

Derivatives in Fair Value 
Hedging Relationships

$ 

28,466  $ 

(6,802)  $ 

(15,051) 

Currency swaps

loss, net

(29,708)   

— 

— 

Foreign currency and derivative 

Net decrease to net income 

$ 

(1,242)  $ 

(6,802)  $ 

(15,051) 

We expect to reclassify $11.9 million from AOCI as a decrease to interest expense relating to interest rate swaps 
and $9.8 million from AOCI to foreign currency gain relating to foreign currency forwards within the next twelve 
months.

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments 
We enter into foreign currency exchange swap agreements to reduce the effects of currency exchange rate 
fluctuations between the U.S. dollar, our reporting currency, and British Pound Sterling and Euro. These derivative 
contracts generally mature within one year and are not designated as hedge instruments for accounting purposes. 
As the currency exchange swap is not accounted for as a hedging instrument, the change in fair value is recorded in 
earnings through the caption entitled 'Foreign currency and derivative (loss) gain, net' in the consolidated 
statements of income and comprehensive income.

95

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table details our foreign currency and derivative gains (losses), net included in income (in thousands):

Years ended December 31,

2022

2021

2020

Realized foreign currency and derivative gain (loss), net:

Gain (loss) on the settlement of undesignated derivatives

$ 

204,392  $ 

24,392  $ 

(6,344) 

Gain (loss) on the settlement of designated derivatives reclassified 

from AOCI

Loss on the settlement of transactions with third parties

3,245 

(553)   

3,541 

(134)   

Total realized foreign currency and derivative gain (loss), net

$ 

207,084  $ 

27,799  $ 

Unrealized foreign currency and derivative gain (loss), net:

Gain (loss) on the change in fair value of undesignated derivatives

Gain (loss) on remeasurement of certain assets and liabilities

Total unrealized foreign currency and derivative gain (loss), net

Total foreign currency and derivative gains (losses), net

$ 

$ 

$ 

29,316  $ 

(14,714)  $ 

(249,711)   

(12,375)   

(220,395)  $ 

(27,089)  $ 

(13,311)  $ 

710  $ 

(3,617) 

(36) 

(9,997) 

(8,205) 

22,787 

14,582 

4,585 

The following table summarizes the terms and fair values of our derivative financial instruments at December 31, 
2022 and 2021 (dollars in millions):

Derivative Type

Number of 
Instruments (1)

Accounting 
Classification

Notional Amount as of

Weighted 
Average 
Strike 
Rate (2)

Maturity 
Date (3)

Fair Value - asset (liability) 
as of

Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments

December 31, 
2022

December 31, 
2021

December 31, 
2022

December 31, 
2021

Interest rate swap
Cross-currency swaps (4)

Foreign currency forwards

Forward-starting swaps (7)

Forward-starting swaps (7)

1

3

30

–

–

Derivative

$ 

250.0  $ 

250.0 

2.88%

March 2024

$ 

5.6  $ 

Derivative

320.0   

166.3 

Derivative

185.5   

176.1 

(5)

(6)

Derivative

Hybrid Debt

–   

–   

300.0 

–%

200.0 

–%

October 2032  

(33.3)   

Jan 2023 - 
Aug 2024

16.1   

–   

–   

(11.9) 

(13.8) 

7.6 

(3.2) 

(5.1) 

Derivatives not Designated as Hedging Instruments

Currency exchange swaps (8)

Cross-Currency Swaps (4)

Total of all Derivatives

4

3

Derivative

Derivative

$ 

$ 

$ 

755.5  $ 

1,092.4 

$ 

(11.6)  $ 

(26.4) 

2,427.7  $ 

1,639.5 

280.0   

– 

(9)

(5)

January 2023 $ 

58.8  $ 

(14.7) 

October 2032  

(29.5)   

— 

3,463.2  $ 

2,731.9 

$ 

17.7  $ 

(41.1) 

(1) This column represents the number of instruments outstanding as of December 31, 2022.
(2) Weighted average strike rate is calculated using the notional value as of December 31, 2022. 
(3) This column represents maturity dates for instruments outstanding as of December 31, 2022. 
(4) In June 2022, we terminated four British Pound Sterling, or GBP, cross-currency swaps with a notional amount of $166.3 million. In October 

2022, we entered into six cross-currency swaps to exchange €612 million for $600 million maturing in October 2032.

(5) USD fixed rate of 5.625% and EUR weighted average fixed rate of 4.697%.
(6) Weighted average forward GBP-USD exchange rate of 1.34.
(7) There were five treasury rate locks entered into during February 2020 that were terminated in June 2020 and converted into six forward 

starting interest rate swaps through a cashless settlement. These forward starting interest rate swaps were terminated in connection with a 
senior unsecured note issuance in October 2022. 

(8) Represents one GBP currency exchange swap with a notional amount of $836.4 million and three Euro ("EUR"), currency exchange swaps 

with an associated notional amount of $1.6 billion.

(9) Weighted Average Forward EUR-GBP exchange rate of 0.86 and Weighted Average Forward EUR-USD exchange rate of 1.05.

We measure our derivatives at fair value and include the balances within other assets and accounts payable as well 
as accrued expenses on our consolidated balance sheets. 

96

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
We have agreements with each of our derivative counterparties containing provisions under which we could be 
declared in default on our derivative obligations if repayment of our indebtedness is accelerated by the lender due to 
our default.

13.       Lessor Operating and Finance Leases

At December 31, 2022, we owned or held interests in 12,237 properties. Of the 12,237 properties, 12,018, or 
98.2%, are single-client properties, and the remaining are multi-client properties. At December 31, 2022, 126 
properties were available for lease or sale. The majority of our leases are accounted for as operating leases. 

Substantially all of our leases are net leases where our client pays or reimburses us for property taxes and 
assessments, maintains the interior and exterior of the building and leased premises, and carries insurance 
coverage for public liability, property damage, fire and extended coverage.

Rent based on a percentage of our client's gross sales, or percentage rent, for the years ended December 31, 2022, 
2021, and 2020 was $14.9 million, $6.5 million, and $5.1 million, respectively.

At December 31, 2022, minimum future annual rental revenue to be received on the operating leases for the next 
five years and thereafter are as follows (in thousands):

$ 

2023

2024

2025

2026

2027

Thereafter

Future Minimum Operating Lease 
Payments

Future Minimum Direct Financing 
and Sale-Type Lease Payments (1)
2,024 

3,417,312  $ 

3,314,029 

3,162,006 

2,987,790 

2,769,839 

20,149,647 

1,118 

893 

894 

771 

25,848 

Totals

31,548 
(1)  Related to 17 properties which are subject to direct financing leases and, therefore, revenue is recognized as rental income on the discounted 
cash flows of the lease payments. Amounts reflected are the cash rent on these respective properties. Two properties are subject to sales-type 
leases and, therefore, revenue is recognized as sales-type lease income on the discounted cash flows of the lease payments. Amounts 
reflected are the cash rent on these respective properties.

35,800,623  $ 

$ 

No individual client’s rental revenue, including percentage rents, represented more than 10% of our total revenue for 
each of the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020.

14. 

Distributions Paid and Payable

We pay monthly distributions to our common stockholders. The following is a summary of monthly distributions paid 
per common share for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020:

Month

January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October

November

December

Total

$ 

2022
0.2465  $ 
0.2465 
0.2465 
0.2470 
0.2470 
0.2470 
0.2475 
0.2475 
0.2475 

0.2480

0.2480

0.2480

2021
0.2345  $ 
0.2345 
0.2345 
0.2350 
0.2350 
0.2350 
0.2355 
0.2355 
0.2355 

0.2360 

0.2360 

0.2460 

$ 

2.9670  $ 

2.8330  $ 

2020
0.2275 
0.2325 
0.2325 
0.2330 
0.2330 
0.2330 
0.2335 
0.2335 
0.2335 

0.2340 

0.2340 

0.2340 

2.7940 

97

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
At December 31, 2022, a distribution of $0.2485 per common share was payable and was paid in January 2023. At 
December 31, 2021, a distribution of $0.2465 per common share was payable and was paid in January 2022.

The following presents the federal income tax characterization of distributions paid or deemed to be paid per 
common share for the years:

Ordinary income
Nontaxable distributions
Total capital gain distribution (1)
Totals (2)
(1)  Unrecaptured Section 1250 Gain of $0.0784152, or 2.643% of the total common dividends paid in the year ended December 31, 2022, and 
Section 897 Gain of $0.1802346, or 6.075% of the total common dividends paid in the year ended December 31, 2022, both represent 
additional characterization of, and are part of, total capital gain distribution.

2020
$  2.7867654  $  1.5146899  $  2.2798764 
0.4902835 
0.0238401 
$  2.9670000  $  4.8927123  $  2.7940000 

3.2925615 
0.0854609 

— 
0.1802346 

2022

2021

(2)  The amount distributed in 2021 includes the $2.060 tax distribution of Orion shares, that occurred in conjunction with the Orion Divestiture on 

November 12, 2021, after our merger with VEREIT on November 1, 2021. The fair market value of these shares for tax distribution was 
determined to be $20.6272 per share, which was calculated using the five-day volume weighted average share price after issuance.

15. 

Net Income per Common Share

The following is a reconciliation of the denominator of the basic net income per common share computation to the 
denominator of the diluted net income per common share computation:

Weighted average shares used for the basic net income per share 

computation

Incremental shares from share-based compensation

Dilutive effect of forward ATM offerings

Weighted average shares used for diluted net income per share 

computation

Unvested shares from share-based compensation that were anti-

dilutive

Weighted average partnership common units convertible to 

common shares that were anti-dilutive

Weighted average forward ATM offerings that were anti-dilutive

Years ended December 31,

2022

2021

2020

611,765,815 

414,535,283 

345,280,126 

394,579 

20,125 

234,563 

— 

135,132 

— 

612,180,519 

414,769,846 

345,415,258 

32,165 

45,404 

70,581 

1,292,114 

644,458 

500,217 

— 

463,119 

— 

98

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
16. 

Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information

The following table summarizes our supplemental cash flow information during the periods indicated below (dollars 
in thousands):

Supplemental disclosures:

Cash paid for interest

Cash paid for income taxes

Cash paid for merger and integration-related costs

Non-cash activities:

Net increase (decrease) in fair value of derivatives
Mortgages assumed at fair value (1)
Notes payable assumed at fair value

Issuance of common partnership units of Realty 
Income, L.P. (2)
Non-cash assets and liabilities assumed in merger

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

2022

2021

2020

Years ended December 31,

501,716  $ 

45,031  $ 

22,783  $ 

58,753  $ 

45,079  $ 

355,483  $ 

19,676  $ 

157,115  $ 

40,489  $ 

911,525  $ 

—  $ 

4,946,965  $ 

51,221  $ 

38,783  $ 

—  $ 

11,559,875  $ 

285,617 

13,128 

— 

(55,205) 

— 

— 

— 

— 

Non-cash assets and liabilities distributed in Orion 
Divestiture
(1) For the year ended December 31, 2021, includes £31.0 million sterling, converted at the applicable exchange rate on the date of transaction, 

1,142,121  $ 

—  $ 

$ 

— 

for one mortgage and $869.1 million, estimated at fair value, for ten mortgages from our merger with VEREIT.

(2) For the year ended December 31, 2022, includes 734,458 common partnership units of Realty Income L.P. that were issued in connection with 
the acquisition of nine properties. For the year ended December 31, 2021, includes $1.8 million for the issuance of 56,400 units on November 
1, 2021 that were a result of our merger with VEREIT, $20.4 million for the issuance of 300,604 units on November 30, 2021 that were a partial 
consideration for an acquisition of properties, and $16.6 million for the issuance of 240,586 units on December 30, 2021 that were issued to a 
new partner in connection with an industrial property contribution. 

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents reported within the consolidated balance 
sheets to the total of the cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the consolidated statements of 
cash flows (dollars in thousands):

December 31, 2022

December 31, 2021

Cash and cash equivalents shown in the consolidated balance sheets
Restricted escrow deposits (1)
Impounds related to mortgages payable (1)
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the consolidated 

statements of cash flows

$ 

$ 

171,102  $ 

37,627 

18,152 

258,579 

68,541 

5,249 

226,881  $ 

332,369 

(1)  Included within other assets, net on the consolidated balance sheets (see note 4, Supplemental Detail for Certain Components of 

Consolidated Balance Sheets). These amounts consist of cash that we are legally entitled to, but that is not immediately available to us. As a 
result, these amounts were considered restricted as of the dates presented.

17. 

Common Stock Incentive Plan

In March 2021, our Board of Directors adopted, and in May 2021, stockholders approved, the Realty Income 2021 
Incentive Award Plan (the "2021 Plan"). The 2021 Plan offers our directors, employees and consultants an 
opportunity to own our stock and/or rights that will reflect our growth, development and financial success. Except as 
noted below, the aggregate number of shares of our common stock subject to options, stock purchase rights 
("SPR"), stock appreciation rights ("SAR"), and other awards, will be no more 8,924,231 shares. The maximum 
number of shares that may be subject to options, SPR, SAR and other awards granted under the plan to any 
individual in any calendar year may not exceed 3,200,000, and the maximum aggregate amount of cash that may 
be paid in cash during any calendar year with respect to one or more shares payable in cash shall be $10.0 million. 
The 2021 Plan replaced the Realty Income Corporation 2012 Incentive Award Plan (the"2012 Plan"), which was set 
to expire in March 2022 and from which no further awards have been granted. The disclosures below incorporate 
activity for both the 2012 Plan and the 2021 Plan.

99

 
 
 
 
In connection with our merger with VEREIT, shares which remained available for issuance under the VEREIT, Inc. 
2021 Equity Incentive Plan immediately prior to the closing of the merger (as adjusted by the Exchange Ratio) may 
be used for awards under the 2021 Plan and will not reduce the shares authorized for grant under the 2021 Plan, to 
the extent that awards using such shares (i) are permitted without stockholder approval under applicable stock 
exchange rules, (ii) are made only to VEREIT service providers or individuals who become Realty Income service 
providers following the date of the consummation of the merger, and (iii) are only granted under the 2021 Plan 
during the period commencing on the date of the consummation of the merger and ending on June 2, 2031. As a 
result, 6,186,101 additional shares were available for issuance under the 2021 Plan.

The amount of share-based compensation costs recognized in 'General and administrative' in the consolidated 
statements of income and comprehensive income was $21.6 million, $16.2 million, and $16.5 million (including $1.8 
million of accelerated share-based compensation costs for our former Chief Financial Officer) during the years 
ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively.

Also, in connection with the merger, each outstanding VEREIT, Inc. stock option and restricted stock unit that were 
unvested as of November 1, 2021 were converted into equivalent options and restricted stock units, in each case 
with respect to shares of the Company's common stock, using the equity award exchange ratio in accordance with 
the merger agreement. The converted awards issued by Realty Income have identical terms to the original VEREIT, 
Inc. award grant. On November 1, 2021, we issued 442,418 shares of Realty Income common stock in settlement of 
equity awards that vested upon the separation of certain former-VEREIT employees and directors in connection 
with the merger. This issuance is excluded from the Restricted Stock Units and Stock Options sections below, as 
the awards were not granted under the 2021 Plan. The aggregate fair value of the converted awards was $71.6 
million, of which i.) $44.0 million related to pre-combination services and is included in the consideration transferred 
in the merger (please refer to note 3, Merger with VEREIT, Inc. and Orion Office REIT Inc. Divestiture), ii.) $25.6 
million of expense was recognized during November in merger and integration-related costs related to the 
acceleration of vesting upon the separation of certain employees in connection with the merger, and iii.) $2.0 million 
will be amortized through general and administrative expenses over the remaining vesting term for former VEREIT, 
Inc. employees who were retained by Realty Income. The following disclosures are inclusive of converted awards 
for former VEREIT employees continuing as employees of Realty Income, which are reflected as grants, as the 
replacement awards represent newly issued awards settled in Realty Income common shares.

In connection with the Orion Divestiture, each stock option, restricted stock unit and performance award outstanding 
at November 12, 2021 was entitled to an equitable adjustment equal to the ratio of the five-day volume weighted 
average per-share price of Realty Income common stock prior to the Orion Divestiture divided by the five-day 
volume weighted average per-share of Realty Income common stock following the Orion Divestiture, resulting in an 
adjustment factor of approximately 1.002342. The equitable adjustment was considered a modification in 
accordance with the provisions of ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation. As a result, we compared the fair 
value of each award immediately prior to the equitable adjustment to the fair value immediately after the equitable 
adjustment to measure incremental compensation cost, if any. The equitable adjustment did not result in any 
incremental fair value. Therefore, no stock-based compensation expense was recorded as of result of the 
modification. The following disclosures are inclusive of these adjustments, which has been labeled 'Equitable 
adjustment - Orion Divestiture' throughout.

100

A. 

Restricted Stock

The following table summarizes our common stock grant activity:

2022

2021

2020

Number of 
shares

Weighted 
average 
price(1)

Number of 
shares

Weighted 
average 
price(1)

Number of 
shares

Weighted 
average 
price(1)

212,630  $ 
156,274  $ 
(118,160)  $ 
(8,084)  $ 

65.20 
67.37 
63.95 
67.78 

219,482  $ 
133,052  $ 
(124,505)  $ 
(15,399)  $ 

63.69 
64.27 
61.57 
65.09 

259,698  $ 
103,473  $ 
(141,486)  $ 
(2,203)  $ 

58.39 
67.84 
56.94 
66.48 

Outstanding nonvested shares, 

beginning of year

Shares granted(2) 
Shares vested
Shares forfeited
Outstanding nonvested shares, 

end of each period
(1)  Grant date fair value.
(2) Our restricted stock awards granted to employees vest over a service periods not exceeding four-years. Effective November 1, 2022, and 

219,482  $ 

242,660  $ 

212,630  $ 

65.20 

67.12 

63.69 

applied retroactively for all outstanding awards, restricted stock awards granted to employees with 10 years of continued service and 60 years 
of age will vest over the shorter of the original vesting term or the period through the date in which the awardee reaches age 60. 

The vesting schedule for shares granted to non-employee directors is as follows:

•

•

•

•

For directors with less than six years of service at the date of grant, shares vest in 33.33% annual 
increments upon re-election to the Board at each of the three Annual Meetings of Stockholders following the 
grant date;
For directors with six years of service at the date of grant, shares vest in 50% annual increments upon re-
election to the Board at each of the two Annual Meetings of Stockholders following the grant date;
For directors with seven years of service at the date of grant, shares are 100% vested upon re-election to 
the Board in the following year; and
For directors with eight or more years of service at the date of grant, there is immediate vesting as of the 
date the shares of stock are granted.

For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, we granted 40,000, 36,000, and 36,000 total 
shares of restricted stock granted to the independent members of our Board of Directors in connection with our 
annual awards in May 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. In addition, in November 2021, we granted 8,000 shares 
of restricted stock to the new members of our Board of Directors, which vest in equal parts over a three-year service 
period. In connection with our annual awards, 20,000, 24,000, and 24,000 shares vested immediately and 20,000, 
12,000, and 12,000 shares vest in equal parts over a three-year service period for the years ending December 31, 
2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. 

As of December 31, 2022, the remaining unamortized share-based compensation expense related to restricted 
stock totaled $11.4 million, which is being amortized on a straight-line basis over the service period of each 
applicable award. The amount of share-based compensation is based on the fair value of the stock at the grant 
date. We define the grant date as the date the recipient and Realty Income have a mutual understanding of the key 
terms and conditions of the award, and the recipient of the grant begins to benefit from, or be adversely affected by, 
subsequent changes in the price of the shares.

101

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
B. 

Performance Shares

During 2022, 2021 and 2020, we granted annual performance share awards, as well as dividend equivalent rights, 
to our executive officers. The number of performance shares that vest for each of the three years is based on the 
achievement of the following performance goals:

Annual Performance Awards Metrics
Total shareholder return (“TSR”) ranking relative to MSCI US REIT Index
Dividend per share growth rate
Net Debt-to-Pro Forma Adjusted EBITDAre Ratio
Net Debt-to-Adjusted EBITDAre Ratio

Weighting for year granted

2022
 55 %
 20 %
 25 %
N/A

2021
 70 %
 15 %
N/A
 15 %

2020
 70 %
 15 %
N/A
 15 %

The annual performance shares are earned based on our performance related to our metrics above, and vest 50% 
on the first and second January 1 after the end of the three-year performance period, subject to continued service. 
The performance period for the 2020 performance awards began on January 1, 2020 and ended on December 31, 
2022. The performance period for the 2021 performance awards began on January 1, 2021 and will end on 
December 31, 2023. The performance period for the 2022 performance awards began on January 1, 2022 and will 
end on December 31, 2024.

On November 15, 2021, the Compensation Committee approved a one-time grant of performance share awards 
and a one-time cash bonus to certain of our named executives in connection with the completion of our merger with 
VEREIT and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the Orion Divestiture (the "VEREIT Transaction"). The 
awards were made to reward the executives for the successful consummation of the VEREIT Transaction and were 
intended to retain and motivate the executives to achieve optimal synergies and incentivize further growth from the 
merger. The performance shares are earned based on our performance related to Adjusted Funds from Operations 
Available to Common Stockholders ("AFFO") accretion (50% weighting) and general and administrative expense 
synergies (50% weighting), and vest 50% upon the completion of the performance period. The remaining 50% will 
vest on the one-year anniversary of the completion of the applicable performance period. All vesting is subject to 
continued service. The performance period was one year for the AFFO accretion targets from January 1, 2022 to 
December 31, 2022, and is two years for the general and administrative expense synergies from January 1, 2022 to 
December 31, 2023.

The fair value of the annual performance shares was estimated on the date of grant using a Monte Carlo Simulation 
model. The fair value of the one-time performance shares was based on the fair value of our common stock at the 
grant date and is dependent on the probability of satisfying the performance conditions stipulated in the award 
grant. The following table summarizes our performance share grant activity, inclusive of annual performance shares 
and the one-time performance shares related to the merger with VEREIT:

2022
Number of 
performance 
shares

Weighted 
average 
price(1)

2021
Number of 
performance 
shares

Weighted 
average 
price(1)

2020
Number of 
performance 
shares

Weighted 
average 
price(1)

388,139  $ 

68.09 

291,759  $ 

69.73 

304,663  $ 

62.25 

— 
174,940  $ 
(74,247)  $ 
(17,952)  $ 

77.73 
59.62 
58.59 

752 
257,149  $ 
(109,113)  $ 
(52,408)  $ 

64.18 
62.52 
65.83 

— 
136,729  $ 
(139,012)  $ 
(10,621)  $ 

79.98 
63.66 
66.64 

Outstanding nonvested shares, 

beginning of year

Equitable adjustment - Orion 

Divestiture (2)
Shares granted
Shares vested
Shares forfeited
Outstanding nonvested shares, 

end of each period
(1) Grant date fair value.
(2) Effective with the Orion Divestiture on November 12, 2021, outstanding equity awards were adjusted by a conversion ratio of 1.002342 per one 

291,759  $ 

470,880  $ 

388,139  $ 

69.73 

73.37 

68.09 

Realty Income share then held.

As of December 31, 2022, the remaining share-based compensation expense related to the performance shares 
totaled $15.9 million and is being recognized on a tranche-by-tranche basis over the service period. 

102

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
C. 

Restricted Stock Units

During 2022, 2021 and 2020, and in connection with our merger with VEREIT Inc., we also granted restricted stock 
units that primarily vest over service periods of three or four-years and have the same economic rights as shares of 
restricted stock: 

2022
Number of 
restricted 
stock units

Weighted 
average 
price(1)

2021
Number of 
restricted 
stock units

Weighted 
average 
price(1)

2020
Number of 
restricted 
stock units

Weighted 
average 
price(1)

67,367  $ 

69.69 

18,670  $ 

70.38 

15,511  $ 

59.82 

— 
24,820  $ 
(26,917)  $ 
(6,757)  $ 

66.82 
70.55 
71.14 

109 
71,956  $ 
(23,368)  $ 
— 

68.96 
66.96 

— 
9,966  $ 
(6,807)  $ 
— 

78.79 
58.63 

Outstanding nonvested shares, 

beginning of year

Equitable adjustment - Orion 

Divestiture (2)
Shares granted 
Shares vested
Shares forfeited
Outstanding nonvested shares, 

end of each period
(1) Grant date fair value.
(2) Effective with the Orion Divestiture on November 12, 2021, outstanding equity awards were adjusted by a conversion ratio of 1.002342 per one 

18,670  $ 

58,513  $ 

67,367  $ 

70.38 

67.91 

69.69 

Realty Income share then held.

As of December 31, 2022, the remaining share-based compensation expense related to the restricted stock units 
totaled $1.4 million and is being recognized on a straight-line basis over the service period. The amount of share-
based compensation for the restricted stock units is based on the fair value of our common stock at the grant date. 
The expense amortization period for restricted stock units is the lesser of the four-year service period or the period 
over which the awardee reaches the qualifying retirement age. For employees who have already met the qualifying 
retirement age, restricted stock units are fully expensed at the grant date.

D. 

Stock Options

The following stock options were converted in connection with our merger with VEREIT, Inc. in 2021 and there are 
no additional granted or outstanding stock options. 

The fair value of the stock options as of their grant date is determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, 
which requires the input of assumptions including expected terms, expected volatility, dividend yield and risk-free 
rate. 

The following table summarizes our stock option activity during the year ended December 31, 2022: 

Number of stock 
options

Weighted average 
exercise price (1)

Weighted average 
remaining 
contractual term  

(Years)

Aggregate intrinsic 
value

Outstanding nonvested options, 

beginning of year

Options exercised

Options forfeited

Outstanding nonvested options, 

end of each period

(1) Grant date fair value.

315,070  $ 

(262,267)  $ 

(7,424)  $ 

45,379  $ 

52.89 

52.41 

58.46 

54.75 

5.8 $ 

393,710 

103

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table summarizes our stock option activity during the year ended December 31, 2021: 

Number of stock 
options

Weighted average 
exercise price(1)

Weighted average 
remaining 
contractual term  

(Years)

Aggregate intrinsic 
value

Outstanding nonvested options, 

beginning of year
Options granted (2)
Equitable adjustment - Orion 

Divestiture (3)
Options exercised

Options forfeited

Outstanding nonvested options, 

end of each period

— 

709,426  $ 

53.80 

1,547 

(395,903)  $ 

54.54 

— 

315,070  $ 

52.89 

2.4 $ 

5,891,639 

(1) Grant date fair value.
(2) During the year ended December 31, 2021, stock options were granted in connection with the VEREIT merger. 
(3) Effective with the Orion Divestiture on November 12, 2021, outstanding equity awards were adjusted by a conversion ratio of 1.002342 per one 

Realty Income share then held.

Compensation expense for stock options is recognized on a straight-line basis over the service period described 
above. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, we recorded $47,000 and $68,000 of expense 
related to stock options, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, there was no unamortized expense relating to our 
outstanding stock options.

18. 

Commitments and Contingencies

In the ordinary course of business, we are party to various legal actions which we believe are routine in nature and 
incidental to the operation of our business. We believe that the outcome of the proceedings will not have a material 
adverse effect upon our consolidated financial position or results of operations.

At December 31, 2022, we had commitments of $21.7 million, which primarily relate to re-leasing costs, recurring 
capital expenditures, and non-recurring building improvements. In addition, as of December 31, 2022, we had 
committed $606.3 million under construction contracts related to development projects, which have estimated rental 
revenue commencement dates between January 2023 and August 2024.

We have certain properties that are subject to ground leases, which are accounted for as operating leases. 

At December 31, 2022, minimum future rental payments for the next five years and thereafter are as follows (in 
millions):

Operating Leases

Finance Leases

2023

2024

2025

2026

2027

Thereafter

Total
Present value adjustment for remaining lease payments (1)
Total lease liability

$ 

$ 

39.6 

38.9 

38.1 

37.3 

33.9 

508.1 

695.9  $ 

(255.8)   

440.1  $ 

2.2 

5.1 

3.4 

9.0 

1.3 

44.1 

65.1  $ 

(15.6) 

49.5 

Total

41.8 

44.0 

41.5 

46.3 

35.2 

552.2 

761.0 

(1) The discount rates are specific for individual leases primarily based on the lease term. The range of discount rates used to calculate the 

present value of the operating lease payments is 0.41% to 6.30% and for finance lease payments is 1.14% to 5.50%. The weighted average 
discount rate was derived from estimated incremental borrowing rates based on our credit quality, as we did not have any borrowings at the 
balance sheet date with comparable terms to our lease agreements. At December 31, 2022, the weighted average discount rate for operating 
leases is 3.54% and the weighted average remaining lease term is 23.0 years. At December 31, 2022, the weighted average discount rate for 
finance leases is 3.40% and the weighted average remaining lease term is 19.9 years. 

104

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
19. 

Subsequent Events

A. 

Dividends

In January 2023, we declared a dividend of $0.2485 per share to our common stockholders, which was paid in 
February 2023. In addition, in February 2023, we declared a dividend of $0.2545, which will be paid in March 2023. 

B. 

Note Issuances 

In January 2023, we issued $500 million of 5.05% senior unsecured notes due January 2026, which are callable at 
par on January 13, 2024, and $600 million of 4.85% senior unsecured notes due March 2030, which are callable at 
par on January 15, 2030. The public offering price for the January 2026 Notes was 99.618% of the principal amount 
for an effective semi-annual yield to maturity of 5.189% and the public offering price for the March 2030 Notes was 
98.813% of the principal amount for an effective semi-annual yield to maturity of 5.047%. 

C. 

Term Loans

On January 6, 2023 we entered into a term loan agreement (the “Term Loan Agreement”) governing our term loan, 
pursuant to which we borrowed an aggregate of approximately $1.0 billion in multicurrency borrowings, including 
$90.0 million, £705.0 million and €85.0 million (collectively, the “Term Loans”). The Term Loan Agreement also 
permits us to incur additional term loans, up to an aggregate of $1.5 billion in total borrowings. The Term Loans 
initially mature in January 2024 and include two 12-month maturity extensions that can be exercised at the 
company's option. Our A3/A- credit ratings provide for a borrowing rate of 80 basis points over the applicable 
benchmark rate, which includes adjusted SOFR for USD-denominated loans, adjusted SONIA for Sterling-
denominated loans, and EURIBOR for Euro-denominated loans.

D.         ATM Forward Offerings

ATM forward agreements for a total of 13.4 million shares remain unsettled with total expected net proceeds of 
approximately $850 million, of which 6.7 million shares were executed in 2023.

105

Item 9:                                  Changes In and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

We have had no disagreements with our independent registered public accounting firm on accounting matters or 
financial disclosure, nor have we changed accountants in the two most recent fiscal years.

Item 9A: 

Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities 
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our 
Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the 
Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and 
communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, 
to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and 
procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, 
can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management necessarily 
was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

As of and for the quarter ended December 31, 2022, we carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design 
and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, under the supervision and with the participation of 
management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. 

Based on the foregoing, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that as of December 31, 
2022 our disclosure controls and procedures were effective and were operating at a reasonable assurance level.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Internal control over financial reporting refers to the process designed by, or under the supervision of, our Chief 
Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, and effected by our Board of Directors, management and other personnel, 
to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial 
statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and includes those 
policies and procedures that:

(1) Pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the 

transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company;

(2) Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of 

financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and 
expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors 
of the Company; and

(3) Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or 

disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for 
the Company.

Management has used the framework set forth in the report entitled “Internal Control--Integrated Framework (2013)” 
published by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission to evaluate the 
effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Management has concluded that the 
Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of the end of the most recent fiscal year. KPMG 
LLP has issued an attestation report on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Submitted on February 22, 2023 by,

Sumit Roy, President, Chief Executive Officer
Christie B. Kelly, Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, and Treasurer

106

Changes in Internal Controls
As a result of our merger with VEREIT in November 2021, we were operating two separate enterprise resource 
planning (ERP) systems to generate our financial statements. During the three months ended June 30, 2022, we 
integrated these two ERP platforms into one primary system. We have updated our internal controls over financial 
reporting, as necessary, to accommodate modifications to our business processes for the integration of these 
parallel ERP systems into a central platform. Except as described above, there have been no changes in our 
internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2022, that have 
materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Limitations on the Effectiveness of Controls
Internal control over financial reporting cannot provide absolute assurance of achieving financial reporting objectives 
because of its inherent limitations. Internal control over financial reporting is a process that involves human 
diligence and compliance and is subject to lapses in judgment and breakdowns resulting from human failures. 
Internal control over financial reporting also can be circumvented by collusion or improper management override. 
Because of such limitations, there is a risk that material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a 
timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. However, these inherent limitations are known features of 
the financial reporting process. Therefore, it is possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, though not 
eliminate, this risk.

Item 9B:                         Other Information

None

Item 9C:                         Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections

None

PART III

Item 10:                           Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

The information required by this item is set forth under the captions “Board of Directors” and “Executive Officers of 
the Company” and “Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports” in our definitive Proxy Statement for the 2023 Annual 
Meeting of Stockholders, to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A, and is incorporated herein by reference. 

Item 11:                           Executive Compensation

The information required by this item is set forth under the caption “Executive Compensation” in our definitive Proxy 
Statement for the 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A, and is incorporated 
herein by reference.

Item 12:                       Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder        
Matters

The information required by this item is set forth under the caption “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial 
Owners and Management” in our definitive Proxy Statement for the 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be 
filed pursuant to Regulation 14A, and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 13:                           Certain Relationships, Related Transactions and Director Independence

The information required by this item is set forth under the caption “Related Party Transactions” in our definitive 
Proxy Statement for the 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A, and is 
incorporated herein by reference.

107

Item 14:                           Principal Accounting Fees and Services

Our independent registered public accounting firm is KPMG LLP, San Diego, CA, Auditor Firm ID: 185.

The information required by this item is set forth under the caption “Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 
Fees and Services” in our definitive Proxy Statement for the 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be filed 
pursuant to Regulation 14A, and is incorporated herein by reference.

PART IV

Item 15: 

Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

A.                         The following documents are filed as part of this report.

1.             Financial Statements (see Item 8)

a.                          Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

b.                         Consolidated Balance Sheets,
December 31, 2022 and 2021

c.                          Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income,

Years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020

d.                         Consolidated Statements of Equity,

Years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020

e.                          Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows,

Years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020

f.                            Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

2.             Financial Statement Schedule.  Reference is made to page F-1 of this report for Schedule III Real Estate 

and Accumulated Depreciation (electronically filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission).

Schedules not Filed:  All schedules, other than those indicated in the Table of Contents, have been 

omitted as the required information is either not material, inapplicable or the information is presented in the financial 
statements or related notes. 

3.             Exhibits

Exhibit No. Description

Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws

2.1 Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of April 29, 2021, by and among Realty Income Corporation, Rams MD Acquisition Sub 
I, Inc., Rams Acquisition Sub II, LLC, VEREIT, Inc. and VEREIT Operating Partnership, L.P (filed as exhibit 2.1 to the Company's 
Form 8-K, filed on April 30, 2021 (File No. 001-13374), and incorporated herein by reference).

2.2 First Amendment to Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of June 25, 2021, by and among Realty Income Corporation, Rams 

MD Acquisition Sub I, Inc., Rams Acquisition Sub II, LLC, VEREIT, Inc. and VEREIT Operating Partnership, L.P (filed as exhibit 
2.1 to the Company's Form 8-K, filed on June 25, 2021 (File No. 001-13374), and incorporated herein by reference).

3.1 Articles of Incorporation of the Company, as amended by amendment No. 1 dated May 10, 2005 and amendment No. 2 dated 

May 10, 2005 (filed as exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2005, filed on August 3, 2005 (File 
No. 033-69410) and incorporated herein by reference).

3.2 Articles of Amendment dated July 29, 2011 (filed as exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Form 8-K, filed on August 2, 2011 (File No. 

001-13374) and incorporated herein by reference).

3.3 Articles of Amendment dated June 21, 2012 (filed as exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Form 8-K, filed on June 21, 2012 (File No. 

001-13374) and incorporated herein by reference).

3.4 Articles of Amendment dated May 14, 2019 (filed as exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Form 8-K, filed on May 16, 2019 (File No. 

001-13374) and incorporated herein by reference).

108

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3.5 Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company dated February 19, 2020 (filed as exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed 

on February 20, 2020 (File No. 001-13374) and incorporated herein by reference).

3.6 Articles of Amendment  dated May 17, 2022 (filed as exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Form 8-K, filed on May 19, 2022 (File No. 

001-13374) and herein by reference. 

3.7 Articles Supplementary dated June 30, 1998 establishing the terms of the Company's Class A Junior Participating Preferred 

Stock (filed as exhibit A to exhibit 1 to the Company's Form 8-A12B, filed on June 26, 1998 (File No. 001-13374) and incorporated 
herein by reference).

3.8 Articles Supplementary dated May 24, 1999 establishing the terms of the Company's 93/8% Class B Cumulative Redeemable 
Preferred Stock (filed as exhibit 4.1 to the Company's Form 8-K, filed on May 25, 1999 (File No. 001-13374) and incorporated 
herein by reference).

3.9 Articles Supplementary dated July 28, 1999 establishing the terms of the Company's 91/2% Class C Cumulative Redeemable 
Preferred Stock (filed as exhibit 4.1 to the Company's Form 8-K, filed on July 30, 1999 (File No. 001-13374) and incorporated 
herein by reference).

3.10 Articles Supplementary dated May 24, 2004 and the Articles Supplementary dated October 18, 2004 establishing the terms of the 
Company's 7.375% Monthly Income Class D Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (filed as exhibit 3.8 to the Company's 
Form 8-A12B, filed on May 25, 2004 (File No. 001-13374) and incorporated herein by reference).

3.11 Articles Supplementary dated November 30, 2006 establishing the terms of the Company's 6.75% Monthly Income Class E 

Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (filed as exhibit 3.5 to the Company's Form 8-A12B, filed on December 5, 2006 (File 
No. 001-13374) and incorporated herein by reference).

3.12 Articles Supplementary to the Articles of Incorporation of the Company classifying and designating the 6.625% Monthly Income 
Class F Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, dated February 3, 2012 (the “First Class F Articles Supplementary”) (filed as 
exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on February 3, 2012 (File No. 001-13374) and incorporated herein by reference).

3.13 Certificate of Correction to the First Class F Articles Supplementary, dated April 11, 2012 (filed as exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s 

Form 8-K, filed on April 17, 2012 (File No. 001-13374) and incorporated herein by reference).

3.14 Articles Supplementary to the Articles of Incorporation of the Company classifying and designating additional shares of the 
6.625% Monthly Income Class F Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, dated April 17, 2012 (filed as exhibit 3.3 to the 
Company’s Form 8-K, filed on April 17, 2012 (File No. 001-13374) and incorporated herein by reference).

Instruments defining the rights of security holders, including indentures

4.1 Indenture dated as of October 28, 1998 between the Company and The Bank of New York (filed as exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s 

Form 8-K, filed on October 28, 1998 (File No. 001-13374) and incorporated herein by reference).

4.2 Form of 5.875% Senior Notes due 2035 (filed as exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on March 11, 2005 (File No. 

033-69410) and incorporated herein by reference).

4.3 Officer’s Certificate pursuant to sections 201, 301 and 303 of the Indenture dated October 28, 1998 between the Company and 
The Bank of New York, as Trustee, establishing a series of securities entitled 5.875% Senior Debentures due 2035 (filed as 
exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on March 11, 2005 (File No. 033-69410) and incorporated herein by reference).

4.4 Form of Common Stock Certificate (filed as exhibit 4.16 to the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2011, 

filed on October 28, 2011 (File No. 001-13374) and incorporated herein by reference).

4.5 Form of 3.875% Note due 2024 (filed as exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on June 25, 2014 (File No. 001-13374), and 

incorporated herein by reference).

4.6 Officer’s Certificate pursuant to sections 201, 301 and 303 of the Indenture dated October 28, 1998 between the Company and 

The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as successor trustee, establishing a series of securities entitled “3.875% 
Notes due 2024” (filed as exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on June 25, 2014 (File No. 001-13374), and incorporated 
herein by reference).

4.7 Form of 4.125% Note due 2026 (filed as exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on September 23, 2014 (File No. 

001-13374), and incorporated herein by reference).

4.8 Officer’s Certificate pursuant to sections 201, 301 and 303 of the Indenture dated October 28, 1998 between the Company and 

The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as successor trustee, establishing a series of securities entitled “4.125% 
Notes due 2026” (filed as exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on September 23, 2014 (File No. 001-11374), and 
incorporated herein by reference).

4.9 Form of 3.000% Note due 2027 (filed as exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on October 12, 2016 (File No. 001-13374), 

and incorporated herein by reference).

4.10 Officer’s Certificate pursuant to sections 201, 301 and 303 of the Indenture dated October 28, 1998 between the Company and 

The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as successor trustee, establishing a series of securities entitled “3.000% 
Notes due 2027” (filed as exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on October 12, 2016 (File No. 001-13374), and 
incorporated herein by reference).

4.11 Form of 4.650% Note due 2047 (filed as exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on March 15, 2017 (File No. 001-13374), 

and incorporated herein by reference).

4.12 Form of 4.125% Note due 2026 (filed as exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on March 15, 2017 (File No. 001-13374), 

and incorporated herein by reference).

4.13 Officers’ Certificate pursuant to Sections 201, 301, and 303 of the Indenture dated October 28, 1998 between the Company and 

The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. as successor trustee, establishing a series of securities entitled “4.650% 
Notes due 2047” and re-opening a series of securities entitled “4.125% Notes due 2026” (filed as exhibit 4.4 to the Company’s 
Form 8-K, filed on March 15, 2017 (File No. 001-13374), and incorporated herein by reference).

4.14 Form of 3.650% Note due 2028 (filed as exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on December 6, 2017 (File No. 001-13374), 

and incorporated herein by reference).

4.15 Form of 4.650% Note due 2047 (filed as exhibit 4.4 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on December 6, 2017 (File No. 001-13374), 

and incorporated herein by reference).

4.16 Form of 3.875% Note due 2025 (filed as exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on April 4, 2018 (File No. 001-13374), and 

incorporated herein by reference).

109

4.17 Officers’ Certificate pursuant to Sections 201, 301, and 303 of the Indenture dated October 28, 1998 between the Company and 

The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. as successor trustee, establishing a series of securities entitled “3.875% 
Notes due 2025” and re-opening a series of securities entitled “4.125% Notes due 2026” (filed as exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s 
Form 8-K, filed on April 4, 2018 (File No. 001-13374), and incorporated herein by reference).

4.18 Form of 3.250% Note due 2029 (filed as exhibit 4.2 to the Company's Form 8-K, filed on June 16, 2019 (File No. 001-13374), and 

incorporated herein by reference).

4.19 Officers’ Certificate pursuant to Sections 201, 301 and 303 of the Indenture dated October 28, 1998 between the Company and 

The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as successor trustee, establishing a series of securities entitled “3.250% 
Notes due 2029." (filed as exhibit 4.3 to the Company's Form 8-K, filed on June 16, 2019 (File No. 001-13374), and incorporated 
herein by reference).

4.20 Form of 3.250% Note due 2031 (filed as exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on May 8, 2020 (File No. 001-13374), and 

incorporated herein by reference).

4.21 Form of 3.250% Note due 2031 (filed as exhibit 4.2 to the Company's Form 8-K, filed on July 16, 2020 (File No. 001-13374), and 

incorporated herein by reference).

4.22 Officers' Certificate, dated May 8, 2020, pursuant to Sections 201, 301 and 303 of the Indenture dated October 28, 1998 between 

the Company and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as successor trustee, establishing a series of securities 
entitled "3.250% Notes due 2031." (filed as exhibit 4.3 to the Company's Form 8-K, filed on May 8, 2020, (File No. 001-13374), 
and incorporated herein by reference).

4.23 Officers' Certificate, dated July 16, 2020, pursuant to Sections 201, 301 and 303 of the Indenture dated October 28, 1998 

between the Company and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as successor trustee, re-opening a series of 
securities entitled "3.250% Notes due 2031." (filed as exhibit 4.3 to the Company's Form 8-K, filed on July 16, 2020, (File No. 
001-13374), and incorporated herein by reference).

4.24 Form of 1.625% Note due 2030 (filed as exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on October 1, 2020 (File No. 001-13374), 

and incorporated herein by reference).

4.25 Officers’ Certificate dated October 1, 2020 pursuant to Sections 201, 301 and 303 of the Indenture dated as of October 28, 1998 

between the Company and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as successor trustee, establishing a series of 
securities entitled “1.625% Notes due 2030” (filed as an Exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on October 1, 2020 (File 
No. 001-13374), and incorporated herein by reference).  

4.26 Form of 0.750% Note due 2026 (filed as exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on December 14, 2020 (File No. 

001-13374), and incorporated herein by reference).

4.27 Form of 1.800% Note due 2033 (filed as exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on December 14, 2020 (File No. 

001-13374), and incorporated herein by reference).

4.28 Officers’ Certificate dated December 14, 2020 pursuant to Sections 201, 301 and 303 of the Indenture dated as of October 28, 

1998 between the Company and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as successor trustee, establishing a series 
of debt securities entitled “0.750% Notes due 2026” and a series of debt securities entitled “1.800% Notes due 2033” (filed as an 
Exhibit 4.4 to the Company's Form 8-K, filed on December 14, 2020 (File No. 001-13374), and incorporated herein by reference).

4.29 Officers’ Certificate dated July 13, 2021 pursuant to Sections 201, 301 and 303 of the Indenture establishing the terms of a new 
series of debt securities entitled “1.125% Notes due 2027” and a new series of debt securities entitled “1.750% Notes due 
2033.” (filed as Exhibit 4.4 to the Company's Form 8-K, filed on July 13, 2021 (File No. 001-13374), and incorporated herein by 
reference).

4.30 Form of 1.125% Notes due 2027 (filed as exhibit 4.2 to the Company's Form 8-K, filed on July 13, 2021 (File No. 001-13374),and 

incorporated herein by reference)

4.31 Form of 1.750% Notes due 2033 (filed as exhibit 4.3 to the Company's Form 8-K, filed on July 13, 2021 (File No. 001-13374), and 

incorporated herein by reference)

4.32 Form of 1.875% Notes due 2027 (filed as exhibit 4.2 to the Company's Form 8-K, filed on January 14, 2022 (File No. 001-13374), 

and incorporated herein by reference).

4.33 Form of 2.500% Notes due 2042 (filed as exhibit 4.3 to the Company's Form 8-K, filed on January 14, 2022 (File No. 001-13374), 

and incorporated herein by reference).

4.34 Officers’ Certificate dated January 14, 2022, pursuant to Sections 201, 301 and 303 of the Indenture establishing the terms of a 
new series of debt securities entitled “1.875% Notes due 2027” and a new series of debt securities entitled “2.500% Notes due 
2042” (filed as exhibit 4.4 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on January 14, 2022 (File No. 001-13374), and incorporated herein 
by reference).

4.35 Indenture, dated as of February 6, 2014, among ARC Properties Operating Partnership, L.P., Clark Acquisition, LLC, the 

guarantors named therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (filed as exhibit 4.1 to VEREIT, Inc.'s Form 8-K, filed on 
February 7, 2014 (File No. 001-35263), and incorporated herein by reference).

4.36 Officers’ Certificate, dated as of February 6, 2014 (filed as exhibit 4.2 to VEREIT, Inc.'s Form 8-K, filed on February 7, 2014 (File 

No. 001-35263), and incorporated herein by reference).

4.37 First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of February 9, 2015, by and among ARC Properties Operating Partnership, L.P., 

American Realty Capital Properties, Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association (filed as exhibit 4.1 to VEREIT, Inc.'s Form 8-K, filed 
on February 13, 2015 (File No. 001-35263), and incorporated herein by reference).

4.38 Officers’ Certificate, dated as of June 2, 2016 (filed as exhibit 4.2 to VEREIT, Inc.'s Form 8-K, filed on June 3, 2016 (File No. 

001-35263), and incorporated herein by reference).

4.39 Officers’ Certificate, dated as of August 11, 2017 (filed as exhibit 4.2 to VEREIT, Inc.'s Form 8-K, filed on August 11, 2017 (File 

No. 001-35263), and incorporated herein by reference).

4.40 Officers’ Certificate, dated as of October 16, 2018 (filed as exhibit 4.2 to VEREIT, Inc.'s Form 8-K, filed on October 16, 2018 (File 

No. 001-35263), and incorporated herein by reference).

4.41 Officers’ Certificate, dated as of December 4, 2019 (filed as exhibit 4.2 to VEREIT, Inc.'s Form 8-K, filed on December 4, 2019 

(File No. 001-35263), and incorporated herein by reference).

4.42 Officers’ Certificate, dated as of June 29, 2020 (filed as exhibit 4.2 to VEREIT, Inc.'s Form 8-K, filed on June 29, 2020 (File No. 

001-35263), and incorporated herein by reference).

110

4.43 Officers’ Certificate, dated as of November 17, 2020 (filed as exhibit 4.2 to VEREIT, Inc.'s Form 8-K, filed on November 17, 2020 

(File No. 001-35263), and incorporated herein by reference).

4.44 Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of November 1, 2021, by an among Rams MD Subsidiary I, Inc., VEREIT Operating 

Partnership, L.P., VEREIT, Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (filed as exhibit 4.10 to the Company's Form 8-K, 
filed on November 1, 2021 (File No. 001-13374), and incorporated herein by reference).

4.45 Third Supplemental Indenture, dated as of November 9, 2021, by and among VEREIT Operating Partnership, L.P., Rams MD 

Subsidiary I, Inc. (f/k/a VEREIT, Inc.) and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (filed as exhibit 4.1 to the Company's Form 
8-K, filed on November 15, 2021 (File No. 001-13374), and incorporated herein by reference).

4.46 Form of 4.600% Notes due February 6, 2024. (filed as exhibit 4.2 to the Company's Form 8-K, filed on November 15, 2021 (File 

No. 001-13374), and incorporated herein by reference).

4.47 Form of 4.625% Notes due November 1, 2025. (filed as exhibit 4.3 to the Company's Form 8-K, filed on November 15, 2021 (File 

No. 001-13374), and incorporated herein by reference).

4.48 Form of 4.875% Notes due June 1, 2026. (filed as exhibit 4.4 to the Company's Form 8-K, filed on November 15, 2021 (File No. 

001-13374), and incorporated herein by reference).

4.49 Form of 3.950% Notes due August 15, 2027. (filed as exhibit 4.5 to the Company's Form 8-K, filed on November 15, 2021 (File 

No. 001-13374), and incorporated herein by reference).

4.50 Form of 3.400% Notes due January 15, 2028. (filed as exhibit 4.6 to the Company's Form 8-K, filed on November 15, 2021(File 

No. 001-13374),  and incorporated herein by reference).

4.51 Form of 2.200% Notes due June 15, 2028. (filed as exhibit 4.7 to the Company's Form 8-K, filed on November 15, 2021 (File No. 

001-13374), and incorporated herein by reference).

4.52 Form of 3.100% Notes due December 15, 2029. (filed as exhibit 4.8 to the Company's Form 8-K, filed on November 15, 2021 

(File No. 001-13374), and incorporated herein by reference).

4.53 Form of 2.850% Notes due December 15, 2032. (filed as exhibit 4.9 to the Company's Form 8-K, filed on November 15, 2021 

(File No. 001-13374), and incorporated herein by reference).

4.54 Form of 5.625% Notes due October 13, 2032. (filed as exhibit 4.2 to the Company's Form 8-K, filed on October 13, 2022 (File No. 

001-13374), and incorporated herein by reference). 

4.55 Officers’ Certificate dated October 13, 2022 pursuant to Sections 201, 301 and 303 of the Indenture dated as of October 28, 1998 
between the Company and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as successor trustee, establishing the terms of a 
new series of debt securities entitled “5.625% Notes due 2032” and including the form of debt securities of such series (filed as 
exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on October 13, 2022 (File No. 001-13374), and incorporated herein by reference)

4.56 Form of 5.050% Note due 2026 issued on January 13, 2023 (filed as exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on January 13, 

2023 (File No. 001-13374) and incorporated herein by reference).

4.57 Form of 4.850% Note due 2030 issued on January 13, 2023 (filed as exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on January 13, 

2023 (File No. 001-13374) and incorporated herein by reference).

4.58 Officers’ Certificate dated January 13, 2023 pursuant to Sections 201, 301 and 303 of the Indenture dated as of October 28, 1998 
between the Company and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as successor trustee, establishing the terms of a 
new series of debt securities entitled “5.050% Notes due 2026” and a new series of debt securities entitled “4.850% Notes due 
2030” and including the forms of debt securities of each such series (filed as exhibit 4.4 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on 
January 13, 2023 (File No. 001-13374) and incorporated herein by reference).

4.59* Description of Securities.

Material Contracts

10.1+ Realty Income Corporation 2012 Incentive Award Plan (filed as Appendix B to the Company’s Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A 

filed on March 30, 2012 (File No. 001-13374) and incorporated herein by reference).

10.2+ Form of Restricted Stock Agreement for Employees under the Realty Income Corporation 2012 Incentive Award Plan (filed as 
exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on January 8, 2013 (File No. 001-13374) and incorporated herein by reference).

10.3+ Form of Restricted Stock Agreement for Non-Employee Directors under the Realty Income Corporation 2012 Incentive Award 

Plan (filed as exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on January 8, 2013 (File No. 001-13374) and incorporated herein by 
reference).

10.4+ Form of Addendum to Restricted Stock Agreement (filed as exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on June 19, 2013 (File 

No. 001-13374) and incorporated herein by reference).

10.5+ Amended and Restated Form Indemnification Agreement, between the Company and each executive officer and each director of 

the Board of Directors of the Company (filed as exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on October 30, 2014 (File No. 
001-13374) and incorporated herein by reference).

10.6+ Form of Performance Share Award Agreement (filed as exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 10-Q, filed on April 30, 2015 (File No. 

001-13374) and incorporated herein by reference).

10.7+ Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan (filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(5) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, 
on February 23, 2015, as a prospectus supplement to the Company’s prospectus dated February 22, 2013 (File No. 333-186788) 
and incorporated herein by reference).

10.8+ Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan (filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(5) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, 
on July 30, 2015, as a prospectus supplement to the Company’s prospectus dated February 22, 2013 (File No. 333-186788) and 
incorporated herein by reference).

10.9+ Form of Restricted Stock Agreement (filed as exhibit 10.30 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, 

filed on February 11, 2016 (File No. 001-13374) and incorporated herein by reference).

10.10+ Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (filed as exhibit 10.31 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended 

December 31, 2015, filed on February 11, 2016 (file No. 001-13374) and incorporated herein by reference).

111

10.11+ First Amendment to Realty Income Corporation 2012 Incentive Award Plan. (filed as exhibit 10.33 to the Company’s Form 10-K, 

filed on February 23, 2017 (File No. 001-13374) and incorporated herein by reference).

10.12+ Second Amendment to Realty Income Corporation 2012 Incentive Award Plan (filed as exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K, 

filed on February 17, 2017 (File No. 001-13374) and incorporated herein by reference).

10.13+ Form of Performance Share Award Agreement (filed as exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 

2017, filed on April 30, 2017 (File No. 001-13374) and incorporated herein by reference).

10.14+ Realty Income Executive Severance Plan dated January 15, 2019 (filed as exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Form 8-K, filed on 

January 18, 2019 (File No. 001-13374) and incorporated herein by reference).

10.15+ Form of Participation Agreement to Realty Income Executive Severance Plan dated January 15, 2019 (filed as exhibit 10.2 to the 

Company's Form 8-K, filed on January 18, 2019 (File No. 001-13374) and incorporated herein by reference).

10.16+ Severance Agreement and General Release dated January 29, 2020 (filed as exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Form 8-K, filed on 

January 30, 2020 (File No. 001-13374) and incorporated herein by reference).

10.17+ Participation Agreement to Realty Income Executive Severance Plan, dated as of October 12, 2020, by and between Realty 

Income Corporation and Christie B. Kelly. (filed as exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on October 13, 2020 (File No. 
001-13374) and incorporated herein by reference).

10.18+ Realty Income Corporation 2021 Incentive Award Plan (filed as Appendix B to the Company's Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A 

filed on April 01, 2021 (File No. 001-13374) and incorporated herein by reference).

10.19+ First Amendment to the Realty Income Corporation 2021 Incentive Award Plan (filed as exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Form 8-K, 

filed on November 1, 2021 (File No. 001-13374) and incorporated herein by reference).

10.20+ Form of Restricted Stock Agreement for Non-Employee Directors under the Realty Income Corporation 2021 Incentive Award 
Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed on May 18, 2021 (File No. 333-256254) 
and incorporated herein by reference).

10.21+ Form of Restricted Stock Agreement for Executives under the Realty Income Corporation 2021 Incentive Award Plan (filed as 

exhibit 10.21 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, filed on February 23, 2022 (File No. 
001-13374) and incorporated herein by reference).

10.22+ Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for Senior Vice Presidents and Executives under the Realty Income Corporation 2021 

Incentive Award Plan (filed as exhibit 10.22 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed on 
February 23, 2022 (File No. 001-13374) and incorporated herein by reference).

10.23+ Form of November 15, 2021 Performance Share Award Agreement under the Realty Income Corporation 2021 Incentive Award 

Plan (filed as exhibit 10.23 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed on February 23, 2022 (File 
No. 001-13374) and incorporated herein by reference).

10.24+ Form of Performance Share Award Agreement under the Realty Income Corporation 2021 Incentive Award Plan (filed as exhibit 
10.24 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed on February 23, 2022 (File No. 001-13374) and 
incorporated herein by reference).

10.25+* Form of Restricted Stock Agreement for Executive Officers under the Realty Income Corporation 2021 Incentive Award Plan.

10.26+* Form of Restricted Stock Agreement for Executive Officers (Christie Kelly) under the Realty Income Corporation 2021 Incentive 

Award Plan.

10.27+* Form of Performance Share Award Agreement for Executive Officers under the Realty Income Corporation 2021 Incentive Award 

Plan.

10.28+* Form of Performance Share Award Agreement for Executive Officers (Christie Kelly) under the Realty Income Corporation 2021 

Incentive Award Plan.

10.29+* Realty Income Corporation Retirement Policy, effective as of November 7, 2022.

10.30 Consent Letter, dated July 20, 2021, among the Company, as Borrower, the lenders party thereto, Wells Fargo Bank, National 

Association, as Administrative Agent, and the other parties named therein (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Form 8-K filed 
on July 22, 2021 (File No. 001-13374) and incorporated herein by reference).

10.31 Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated August 7, 2019 (filed as exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Form 8-K, filed 

on August 12, 2019 (File No. 001-13374) and incorporated herein by reference).

10.32 First Amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated December 22, 2021 (filed as exhibit 10.1 to the 

Company's Form 8-K, filed on December 28, 2021 (File No. 001-13374) and incorporated herein by reference).

10.33 Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement among the Company, as Borrower, the lenders party thereto, Wells Fargo Bank, 
National Association, as Administrative Agent, and the other parties named therein (filed as exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 
8-K filed on April 28, 2022 (File No. 001-13374) and incorporated herein by reference).

10.34 Term Loan Agreement, dated January 6, 2023, by and among Realty Income Corporation, as borrower, the lender parties thereto, 
as lenders, and Toronto Dominion (Texas) LLC, as administrative agent (filed as exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on 
January 6, 2023 (File NO. 001-13374) and incorporated herein by reference).

Subsidiaries of the Registrant

21.1* Subsidiaries of the Company.

Consents of Experts and Counsel

23.1* Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.

Certifications

31.1* Rule 13a-14(a) Certifications as filed by the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to SEC release No. 33-8212 and 34-47551.

112

31.2* Rule 13a-14(a) Certifications as filed by the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to SEC release No. 33-8212 and 34-47551.

32* Section 1350 Certifications as furnished by the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of 

the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 

Interactive Data Files

101* The following materials from Realty Income Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2022 

formatted in Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language: (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of 
Income and Comprehensive Income, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash 
Flows, (v) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, and (vi) Schedule III Real Estate And Accumulated Depreciation .

104* The cover page from the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2022, formatted in Inline 

Extensible Business Reporting Language.

* Filed herewith.

+ Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

Item 16:                                  Form 10-K Summary

None.

113

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly 
caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

SIGNATURES

REALTY INCOME CORPORATION

By:

/s/SUMIT ROY

Date: February 22, 2023

Sumit Roy
President, Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed by the following 
persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

By:

By:

By:

By:

By:

By:

By:

By:

By:

By:

/s/MICHAEL D. MCKEE
Michael D. McKee
Non-Executive Chairman of the Board of Directors

Date: February 22, 2023

/s/PRISCILLA  ALMODOVAR
Priscilla Almodovar
Director

/s/JACQUELINE BRADY
Jacqueline Brady
Director

/s/A. LARRY CHAPMAN
A. Larry Chapman
Director

/s/REGINALD H. GILYARD
Reginald H. Gilyard
Director

/s/MARY HOGAN PREUSSE
Mary Hogan Preusse
Director

/s/PRIYA CHERIAN HUSKINS
Priya Cherian Huskins
Director

/s/GERARDO I. LOPEZ
Gerardo I. Lopez
Director

/s/GREGORY T. MCLAUGHLIN
Gregory T. McLaughlin
Director

/s/RONALD L. MERRIMAN
Ronald L. Merriman
Director

Date: February 22, 2023

Date: February 22, 2023

Date: February 22, 2023

Date: February 22, 2023

Date: February 22, 2023

Date: February 22, 2023

Date: February 22, 2023

Date: February 22, 2023

Date: February 22, 2023

114

By:

By:

By:

/s/SUMIT ROY
Sumit Roy
Director, President, Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)

Date: February 22, 2023

/s/CHRISTIE B. KELLY
Christie B. Kelly 
Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
(Principal Financial Officer)

Date: February 22, 2023

/s/SEAN P. NUGENT
Sean P. Nugent
Senior Vice President, Controller, Principal Accounting Officer
(Principal Accounting Officer)

Date: February 22, 2023

115

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S

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TOTA L  R E T U R N   P E R F O R M A N C E

180

160

140

120

100

80

12/31/17

12/31/18

12/31/19

12/31/20

12/31/21

12/31/22

REALTY INCOME CORPORATION

RUSSELL 2000

S&P 500

MSCI US REIT INDEX

Period Ending

Index 

12/31/17  12/31/18 

12/31/19 

12/31/20 

12/31/21  12/31/22

Realty Income Corporation 

100.00 

115.93 

Russell 2000 

S&P 500 

MSCI US REIT Index 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

88.99 

95.62 

95.43 

140.57 

111.70 

125.73 

120.09 

124.32 

134.00 

148.87 

111.00 

154.20 

142.86

153.83 

121.46

191.71 

156.41

158.79 

119.87

 
  
 
  
R E A LT Y   I N C O M E

1 1 9 9 5   E L   C A M I N O   R E A L ,   S A N   D I E G O ,   C A   9 2 1 3 0 

W W W. R E A LT Y I N C O M E . C O M