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Richardson Electronics, Ltd.

rell · NASDAQ Technology
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Ticker rell
Exchange NASDAQ
Sector Technology
Industry Hardware, Equipment & Parts
Employees 407
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FY2023 Annual Report · Richardson Electronics, Ltd.
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UNITED STATES 
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION 
WASHINGTON, DC 20549  

FORM 10-K 

☒  ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 

For the fiscal year ended May 27, 2023 

OR 

☐ 

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 

For the transition period from__________ to  

Commission File Number: 0-12906 

Delaware 
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 

36-2096643 
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) 

40W267 Keslinger Road, P.O. Box 393, LaFox, Illinois 60147-0393 
(Address of principal executive offices) 
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (630) 208-2200 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: 

Title of each class 
Common stock, $0.05 Par Value 

Trading Symbol(s) 
RELL 

  Name of each exchange on which registered 

NASDAQ Global Select Market 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ☐  Yes    ☒  No 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act ☐  Yes    ☒  No 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the 
preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 
days.  ☒  Yes    ☐  No 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T 
(§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit  such files).  ☒  Yes    ☐  No 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth 
company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange 
Act. 

☐ 
☐ 
☐ 

Large Accelerated Filer 
Non-Accelerated Filer 
Emerging growth company 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised 
financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐ 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial 
reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒  

   Accelerated Filer 
   Smaller reporting company 

 ☒ 
 ☐ 

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the 
correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐  
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the  
registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  ☐  Yes    ☒  No 

The aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of November 26, 2022 was approximately $310.2 million. 

As of July 25, 2023, there were outstanding 12,184,674 shares of Common Stock, $0.05 par value and 2,051,488 shares of Class B Common Stock, $0.05 par value, 
which are convertible into Common Stock of the registrant on a one-for-one basis. 

Portions of the registrant’s Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders scheduled to be held October 10, 2023, which will be filed pursuant to Regulation 
14A, are incorporated by reference in Part III of this report. Except as specifically incorporated herein by reference, the above mentioned Proxy Statement is not deemed 
filed as part of this report. 
Auditor Firm ID: 00243                                                     Auditor Name: BDO USA, P.A.                                                               Auditor Location: Chicago, IL, USA 

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
   
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 

 Page 
Part I 
4 
Item 1. 
Business ............................................................................................................................................    
4 
9 
Item 1A.  Risk Factors ......................................................................................................................................    
Item 1B.  Unresolved Staff Comments .............................................................................................................     17 
Properties ..........................................................................................................................................     18 
Item 2. 
Legal Proceedings .............................................................................................................................     18 
Item 3. 

Part II 
Item 5.  Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of  

19 

Equity Securities ..........................................................................................................................  

19 
Reserved............................................................................................................................................     20 
Item 6. 
Item 7.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ............     21 
Item 7A.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk ..........................................................     33 
Item 8. 
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data .................................................................................     33 
Item 9A.  Controls and Procedures ...................................................................................................................     62 
Item 9B.  Other Information .............................................................................................................................     65 

Part III 
66 
Item 10.  Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance ................................................................     66 
Item 11.  Executive Compensation ..................................................................................................................     66 
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder 
Item 12. 
Matters ..............................................................................................................................................  

66 
Item 13.  Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence ..................................     67 
67 
Item 14. 

Principal Accountant Fees and Services ...........................................................................................   

Part IV 
68 
Item 15.  Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules .....................................................................................     68 
Form 10-K Summary ........................................................................................................................     68 
Item 16. 

Exhibit Index ........................................................................................................................................................  
69 
Signatures .............................................................................................................................................................    72 

2 

 
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
Forward Looking Statements 

Certain  statements  in  this  report  may  constitute  “forward-looking”  statements  within  the  meaning  of  the 
Private  Securities  Litigation  Reform  Act  of  1995.  The  terms  “may”,  “should”,  “could”,  “anticipate”,  “believe”, 
“continues”,  “estimate”,  “expect”,  “intend”,  “objective”,  “plan”,  “potential”,  “project”  and  similar  expressions  are 
intended  to  identify  forward-looking  statements.  These  statements  are  not  guarantees  of  future  performance  and 
involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. These statements are based on management’s 
current expectations, intentions or beliefs and are subject to a number of factors, assumptions and uncertainties that 
could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements. Factors that 
could cause or contribute to such differences or that might otherwise impact the business include the risk factors set 
forth in Item 1A of this Form 10-K. We undertake no obligation to update any such factor or to publicly announce the 
results of any revisions to any forward-looking statements contained herein whether as a result of new information, 
future events or otherwise. 

In addition, while we do, from time to time, communicate with securities analysts, it is against our policy to 
disclose  to  them  any  material  non-public  information  or  other  confidential  commercial  information.  Accordingly, 
stockholders should not assume that we agree with any statement or report issued by any analyst irrespective of the 
content of the statement or report. Thus, to the extent that reports issued by securities analysts contain any projections, 
forecasts or opinions, such reports are not our responsibility. 

3 

 
ITEM 1. Business 

General 

PART I 

Richardson Electronics, Ltd. (the "Company", "we", "our") is a leading global manufacturer of engineered 
solutions,  power  grid  and  microwave  tubes  and  related  consumables;  power  conversion  and  RF  and  microwave 
components;  high-value  replacement  parts,  tubes  and  service  training  for  diagnostic  imaging  equipment;  and 
customized  display  solutions.  Nearly  60%  of  our  products  are  manufactured  in  LaFox,  Illinois,  Marlborough, 
Massachusetts or Donaueschingen, Germany, or by one of our manufacturing partners throughout the world. All our 
partners  manufacture  to  our  strict  specifications  and  per  our  supplier  code  of  conduct. We  serve  customers  in  the 
alternative energy, healthcare, aviation, broadcast, communications, industrial, marine, medical, military, scientific 
and semiconductor markets. The Company’s strategy is to provide specialized technical expertise and “engineered 
solutions” based on our core engineering and manufacturing capabilities. The Company provides solutions and adds 
value  through  design-in  support,  systems  integration,  prototype  design  and  manufacturing,  testing,  logistics  and 
aftermarket technical service and repair through its global infrastructure. 

Our fiscal year 2023 began on May 29, 2022 and ended on May 27, 2023, our fiscal year 2022 began on May 
30, 2021 and ended on May 28, 2022 and our fiscal year 2021 began on May 31, 2020 and ended on May 29, 2021.  
Unless otherwise noted, all references to a particular year in this document shall mean the fiscal year for such period. 

COVID-19 Update 

While the immediate impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic have been assessed, the long-term effects of the 
disruption, including supply chain disruption, and resulting impact on the global economy and capital markets remain 
unpredictable, and depend on future developments, such as the possible resurgence of the virus, variant strains of the 
virus,  vaccine  availability  and  effectiveness,  and  future  government  actions  in response  to  the  crisis.  The  residual 
impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and its effects on supply chains and general economic conditions continues to 
evolve.  The  COVID-19  pandemic  and  its  residual  negative  impact  on  general  economic  conditions  has  had  and 
continues to have a negative effect on our business, results of operations, cash flows, gross margins as a percentage 
of net sales (particularly within our Canvys segment). While the Company did not experience sales declines during 
fiscal year 2023 as a direct result of the pandemic, the residual economic impact from the pandemic continued to 
negatively impact our gross margins as a percentage of net sales in our Canvys segment. 

It is likely that the pandemic will continue to affect our business for an indeterminable period of time due to 
the impact on the global economy, including with respect to transportation networks and supply chains, the availability 
of raw materials, production efforts and customer demand for our products. We have experienced and continue to 
experience component delays which negatively impact our product development schedule.  

Management continues to monitor the impact of global economic factors on its financial condition, liquidity, 
operations, suppliers, industry and workforce. Our ability to predict and respond to future changes resulting from the 
Covid pandemic is uncertain. Even after the Covid pandemic fully subsides, there may be continued long-term effects 
on our business practices and customers in economies in which we operate that could severely disrupt our operations 
and could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition. As 
we cannot predict the duration, scope or severity of the Covid pandemic, the negative financial impact to our results 
cannot be reasonably estimated and could be material. 

Government Regulations 

We are subject to a variety of federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulatory requirements relating to 
our operations. These laws and regulations, which differ among jurisdictions, include, among others, those related to 
financial and other disclosures, accounting standards, privacy and data protection, cybersecurity, intellectual property, 
corporate governance, tax, trade, antitrust, employment, import/export, anti-corruption, and environmental regulatory 
compliance. Expenditures relating to such regulations are made in the ordinary course of our business and do not 
represent material expenditures and we further do not currently expect that compliance with such laws will require us 
to make material additional expenditures, however, there is no assurance that existing or future laws and regulations 
applicable to our operations, products, and services will not have a material adverse effect on our business. 

4 

 
Among  others,  we  are  subject  to  a  variety  of  data  protection  laws  that  change  frequently  and  have 
requirements that vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. We are subject to significant compliance obligations under 
privacy  laws  such  as  the  General  Data  Protection  Regulation  in  the  European  Union  and  an  expanding  list  of 
comprehensive state privacy and/or cybersecurity laws in the United States. Failure to comply with these laws and 
regulations subjects us to potential regulatory enforcement activity, fines, private litigation including class actions, 
reputational  impacts,  and  other  costs.  Our  efforts  to  comply  with  privacy  and  data  security  laws  and  regulations 
complicate our operations and add to our costs. 

 We are also subject to various domestic and international export, trade and anti-corruption laws, such as 
include  the  Arms  Export  Control  Act,  the  International  Traffic  in  Arms  Regulations  (“ITAR”),  the  Export 
Administration Regulations (“EAR”), anti-money laundering laws and regulations and the trade and trade sanctions 
laws  and  regulations  administered  by  the  Office  of  the  United  States  Trade  Representative  and  the  United  States 
Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control. Violations of these laws and regulations may result 
in severe criminal or civil sanctions and penalties. 

 Our operations also are subject to numerous laws and regulations governing health and safety aspects of our 
operations, or otherwise relating to environmental protection. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations may 
result in the assessment of administrative, civil and criminal penalties, imposition of remedial or corrective action 
requirements, and the imposition of injunctions to prohibit certain activities or force future compliance. 

For more information on risks related to the laws and regulations to which we are subject, see the relevant 

discussions throughout "Item 1A, Risk Factors" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

 Geography 

We  currently  have  operations  in  the  following  major  geographic  regions:  North  America,  Asia/Pacific, 
Europe and Latin America. Selected financial data attributable to each segment and geographic region for fiscal 2023, 
fiscal  2022  and  fiscal  2021  is  set  forth  in  Note  10,  Segment  and  Geographic  Information,  of  the  notes  to  our 
consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

Business Segments 

The Company began reporting the results for its new Green Energy Solutions ("GES") segment in the first 
quarter of fiscal 2023 due to its focus on power applications that support the green energy market. The GES segment 
has been carved out of our existing Power and Microwave Technologies (“PMT”) segment. Accordingly, the Company 
is reporting its financial performance based on four operating and reportable segments for fiscal 2023. The results for 
fiscal  2022  and  fiscal  2021  presented  herein  were  adjusted  to  reflect  the  presentation  of  the  new  GES  segment 
separately from the PMT segment. 

The four operating and reportable segments for fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021 are defined as follows: 

Power and Microwave Technologies  

Power and Microwave Technologies combines our core engineered solutions capabilities, power grid and 
microwave tube business with new  disruptive RF, Wireless and Power technologies. As a designer, manufacturer, 
technology  partner  and  authorized  distributor,  PMT’s  strategy  is  to  provide  specialized  technical  expertise  and 
engineered  solutions  based  on  our core  engineering  and  manufacturing capabilities  on  a  global  basis.  We  provide 
solutions and add value through design-in support, systems integration, prototype design and manufacturing, testing, 
logistics and aftermarket technical service and repair—all through our existing global infrastructure. PMT’s focus is 
on products for power, RF and microwave applications for customers in 5G, aviation, broadcast, communications, 
industrial,  marine,  medical,  military,  scientific  and  semiconductor  markets.  PMT  focuses  on  various  applications 
including broadcast transmission, CO2 laser cutting, diagnostic imaging, dielectric and induction heating, high energy 
transfer,  high  voltage  switching,  plasma,  power  conversion,  radar  and  radiation  oncology.  PMT  also  offers  its 
customers technical services for both microwave and industrial equipment. 

PMT represents leading manufacturers of electron tubes and RF, Microwave and power components used in 
semiconductor manufacturing equipment, RF and wireless and industrial power applications. Among the suppliers 

5 

 
PMT supports are Amperex, CDE, CPI, Draloric, Eimac, General Electric, Hitachi, Jennings, L3, MACOM, National, 
NJRC, Ohmite, Qorvo, Thales, Toshiba and Vishay. 

PMT’s inventory levels reflect our commitment to maintain an inventory of a broad range of products for 
customers who are buying products for replacement of components used in critical equipment and designing in new 
technologies. PMT also sells a number of products representing trailing edge technology. While the market for these 
trailing edge technology products is declining, PMT is increasing its market share. PMT often buys products it knows 
it can sell ahead of any supplier price increases and extended lead times. As manufacturers for these products exit the 
business, PMT has the option to purchase a substantial portion of their remaining inventory. 

PMT has distribution agreements with many of its suppliers; most of these agreements provide exclusive 
distribution rights that often include global coverage. The agreements are typically long term, and usually contain 
provisions permitting termination by either party if there are significant breaches that are not cured within a reasonable 
period. Although some of these agreements allow PMT to return inventory periodically, others do not, in which case 
PMT may have obsolete inventory that they cannot return to the supplier. 

PMT’s suppliers provide warranty coverage for the products and allow return of defective products, including 
those  returned  to  PMT  by  its  customers.  For  information  regarding  the  warranty  reserves,  see  Note  3,  Significant 
Accounting Policies and Disclosures, of the notes to our consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of this 
Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

In addition to third party products, we sell proprietary products principally under certain trade names we own 
including  Amperex®,  Cetron®  and  National®.  Our  proprietary  products  include  thyratrons  and  rectifiers,  power 
tubes, ignitrons, magnetrons, phototubes, microwave  generators, Ultracapacitor modules and liquid crystal display 
monitors. The materials used in the manufacturing process consist of glass bulbs and tubing, nickel, stainless steel and 
other metals, plastic and metal bases, ceramics and a wide variety of fabricated metal components. These materials 
are generally readily available, but some components may require long lead times for production, and some materials 
are subject to shortages or price fluctuations based on supply and demand. 

Green Energy Solutions 

Green  Energy  Solutions  combines  our  key  technology  partners  and  engineered  solutions  capabilities  to 
design  and  manufacture  innovative  products  for  the  fast-growing  energy  storage  market  and  power  management 
applications. As a designer, manufacturer, technology partner and authorized distributor, GES’s strategy is to provide 
specialized  technical  expertise  and  engineered  solutions  using  our  core  design  engineering  and  manufacturing 
capabilities on a global basis. We provide solutions and add value through design-in support, systems integration, 
prototype design and manufacturing, testing, logistics and aftermarket technical service and repair—all through our 
existing global infrastructure. GES’s focus is on products for numerous green energy applications such as wind, solar, 
hydrogen  and  Electric  Vehicles,  and  other  power  management  applications  that  support  green  solutions  such  as 
synthetic diamond manufacturing. 

Canvys 

Canvys  provides  customized  display  solutions  serving  the  corporate  enterprise,  financial,  healthcare, 
industrial  and  medical  original  equipment  manufacturers  markets.  Our  engineers  design,  manufacture,  source  and 
support a full spectrum of solutions to match the needs of our customers. We offer long term availability and proven 
custom  display  solutions  that  include  touch  screens,  protective  panels,  custom  enclosures,  All-In-One  computers, 
specialized cabinet finishes and application specific software  packages and certification services.  We partner with 
both private label manufacturing companies and leading branded hardware vendors to offer the highest quality display 
and touch solutions and customized computing platforms. 

We have long-standing relationships with key component and finished goods manufacturers and several key 
ISO 9001 and ISO 13485 certified Asian display manufacturers that manufacture products to our specifications. We 
believe supplier relationships, combined with our engineering design and manufacturing capabilities and private label 
partnerships, allow us to maintain a well-balanced and technologically advanced offering of customer specific display 
solutions. 

6 

 
Healthcare 

Healthcare manufactures, repairs, refurbishes and distributes high value replacement parts and equipment for 
the  healthcare  market  including  hospitals,  medical  centers,  asset  management  companies,  independent  service 
organizations and multi-vendor service providers. Products include diagnostic imaging replacement parts for CT and 
MRI systems; replacement CT and MRI tubes; CT service training; MRI coils, cold heads and RF amplifiers; hydrogen 
thyratrons, klystrons, magnetrons; flat panel detector upgrades; pre-owned CT systems; and additional replacement 
solutions currently under development for the diagnostic imaging service market. Through a combination of newly 
developed products and partnerships, service offerings and training programs, we believe we can help our customers 
improve efficiency while lowering the cost of healthcare delivery. 

Sales and Product Management 

We have employees, as well as authorized representatives who are not our employees, selling our products 

primarily in regions where we do not have a direct sales presence. 

We offer various credit terms to qualifying customers as well as cash in advance and credit card terms. We 

establish credit limits for each customer and routinely review delinquent and aging accounts. 

Distribution 

our 

products  on 

We maintain over 100,000 part numbers in our product inventory database and we estimate that more than 
90% of orders received by 6:00 p.m. local time are shipped complete the same day for stock product. Customers can 
our  websites,  www.rell.com,  www.rellhealthcare.com,  www.canvys.com, 
access 
www.rellpower.com,  www.relltubes.com  and  www.rellaser.com,  through  electronic  data  interchange,  or  by 
telephone.  Customer  orders  are  processed  by  our  regional  sales  offices  and  supported  primarily  by  one  of  our 
distribution  facilities  in  LaFox,  Illinois;  Fort  Mill,  South  Carolina;  Amsterdam,  Netherlands;  Marlborough, 
Massachusetts; Donaueschingen, Germany; or Singapore, Singapore. We also have satellite warehouses in Sao Paulo, 
Brazil; Shanghai, China; Bangkok, Thailand; and Hook, United Kingdom. Our data processing network provides on-
line, real-time interconnection of all sales offices and central distribution operations, 24 hours per day, seven days per 
week. Information on stock availability, pricing in local currency, cross-reference information, customers and market 
analyses are obtainable throughout the entire distribution network. The content of our websites is not deemed to be 
incorporated by reference in this report filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. 

International Sales 

During  fiscal  2023,  we  made  approximately  58%  of  our  sales  outside  the  United  States.  We  continue  to 

pursue new international sales to further expand our geographic reach. 

Major Customers 

Sales to one customer in our PMT segment totaling $31.2 million accounted for 12 percent of the Company’s 
consolidated  net  sales  in  fiscal  2023.  No  one  customer  accounted  for  more  than  10  percent  of  the  Company’s 
consolidated net sales for fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021. See Note 10, Segment and Geographic Information, of the notes 
to our consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information. 

7 

 
Human Capital Resources 

Recruitment & Staffing  

The future success of our Company depends on our ability to attract, hire, motivate, retain and further develop 
top talent, including highly skilled technical, management and sales personnel. The skills, experience and industry 
knowledge of our employees significantly benefit our operations and performance. Competition for such personnel is 
intense and the salary, benefits and other costs to employ the right personnel may impact our results and performance. 

As of May 27, 2023, we employed 485 individuals, which included 451 full-time individuals and 34 part-
time individuals. Of these, 329 full-time and 15 part-time were in the United States and 122 full-time and 19 part-time 
were located internationally. All of our employees are non-union. 

 The Company offers employees a  competitive compensation program, designed to recognize  and reward 
both individual and company performance, which includes a base pay, variable compensation programs, and health, 
well being and retirement programs to meet the needs of our employees.  

Diversity, Equity, Inclusion & Belonging 

We  are  an  international  company  with  offices  and  personnel  located  around  the  world.  We  understand, 
respect, and value the similarities as well as the differences of our employees. Our human capital is a critical asset that 
enables us to serve and support our global customer base. Our effectiveness in maximizing the talents of people of 
different backgrounds, experiences, and perspectives is key to our continued global success. Fostering, cultivating, 
and preserving a culture of diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging is a key priority for the Company. We seek to 
embrace  and  encourage  our  employees’  differences  in  age,  disability,  ethnicity,  family  or  marital  status,  gender 
identity or expression, language, national origin, physical and mental ability, political affiliation, race, religion, sexual 
orientation, socio-economic status, veteran status, and other characteristics that make our employees unique.   

Management  has  identified  Diversity,  Equity,  Inclusion,  and  Belonging  (“DEI&B”)  as  a  priority  for  our 
Company.  Significant  positive  change  requires  careful  planning,  leadership,  resources,  and  coordination.  The 
Company established a DEI&B committee to plan and implement changes to achieve our goal of being a more diverse 
and inclusive organization. The DEI&B committee has been charged with making recommendations about how we, 
as a company, can promote and act upon the Company’s initiatives in this area. The committee will identify priorities 
based on employee input and incorporate these into the Company’s strategic plans, work to establish accountability 
and methods of measuring our progress and provide appropriate communications about our plans and achievements 
to our stakeholders. To date, DEI&B initiatives have focused on the following: 

Increased DEI&B awareness throughout the Company through education and involvement 

•  Expanded the Board of Directors to include a female director 
• 
•  Added socially responsible funds to our 401K Plan  
•  Providing regular training, communication, activities, and surveys regarding DEI&B matters to our 

employees 

Website Access to SEC Reports 

We maintain an Internet website at www.rell.com. Our Annual Report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on 
Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) 
or 15(d) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 are accessible through our website, free of charge, as soon as 
reasonably  practicable  after  these  reports  are  filed  electronically  with  the  Securities  and  Exchange  Commission. 
Interactive Data Files pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T, of these filing dates, formatted in Extensible Business 
Reporting Language (“XBRL”) are accessible as well. To access these reports, go to our website at www.rell.com. 
Information relating to our corporate governance, including our Code of Conduct (including any related amendments 
or waivers) and information concerning our executive officers, directors and Board committees (including committee 
charters) is also available on our website. The foregoing information regarding our website is provided for convenience 
and the content of our website is not deemed to be incorporated by reference in this report filed with the Securities 
and Exchange Commission. Additionally, the SEC maintains an internet site through which our reports, proxy and 
information statements and our other SEC filings can be located; the address of that site is http://www.sec.gov. 

8 

 
 
ITEM 1A. Risk Factors 

Investors should carefully consider the following risk factors in addition to the other information included 
and incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K that we believe are applicable to our businesses 
and  the  industries  in  which  we  operate.  While  we  believe  we  have  identified  the  key  risk  factors  affecting  our 
businesses,  there  may  be  additional  risks  and  uncertainties  that  are  not  presently  known  or  that  are  not  currently 
believed to be significant that may adversely affect our results of operations. 

Business and Operational Risks 

We may not achieve our plan for sales growth and margin targets. 

We have established both margin and expense targets to grow our sales with new and existing customers. If 
we do not achieve our growth objectives, the complexity of our global infrastructure makes it difficult to leverage our 
fixed cost structure to align with the size of our operations. Factors that could have a significant effect on our ability 
to achieve these goals include the following: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

Failure to achieve our sales and margin growth objectives in our product lines and business units; 

Failure to implement or properly execute our growth strategies, including failures to identify, consummate 
and  successfully  integrate  acquisitions  and/or  other  opportunities  to  diversify,  extend  and  expand  our 
business; 

Declining gross margin reflecting competitive pricing pressures or product mix; and 

Limitations on our ability to leverage our support-function cost structure while maintaining an adequate 
structure to achieve our growth objectives. 

We have historically incurred significant charges for inventory obsolescence and may incur similar charges in the 
future. 

We maintain significant inventories in an effort to ensure that customers have a  reliable source of supply. 
Our  products  generally  support  industrial  machinery  powered  by  tube  technology.  As  technology  evolves  and 
companies replace this capital equipment, the market for our products potentially declines. In addition, the market for 
many of our other products changes rapidly resulting from the development of new technologies, evolving industry 
standards, frequent new product introductions by some of our suppliers and changing end-user demand, which can 
contribute to the decline in value or obsolescence of our inventory. We do not have many long-term supply contracts 
with our customers. If we  fail to anticipate  the changing needs of our customers or we do not accurately forecast 
customer demand, our customers may not place orders with us,  and we may accumulate significant inventories of 
products  that  we  may  be  unable  to  sell  or  return  to our vendors.  This  may result  in  a  decline  in  the  value  of our 
inventory. 

We face competitive pressures that could have a material adverse effect on our business. 

Our  overall  competitive  position  depends  on  a  number of factors  including  price, engineering  capability, 
vendor representation, product diversity, lead times and the level of customer service. There are very few vacuum tube 
competitors  in  the  markets  we  serve.  There  are  also  a  limited  number  of  Chinese  manufacturers  whose  ability  to 
produce vacuum tubes has progressed over the past several years. The most significant competitive risk comes from 
technical obsolescence. Canvys faces many competitors in the markets we serve. Increased competition may result in 
price reductions, reduced margins or a loss of market share, any of which could materially and adversely affect our 
business, operating results and financial condition. As we expand our business and pursue our growth initiatives, we 
may encounter increased competition from current and/or new competitors. Our failure to maintain and enhance our 
competitive position could have a material adverse effect on our business.       

9 

 
 
We are dependent on a limited number of vendors to supply us with essential products.  Disruptions to the supply 
chain could adversely impact our business. 

The products we supply are currently produced by a relatively small number of manufacturers. One of our 
suppliers represented 11% of our total cost of sales during fiscal year 2023. Our success depends, in large part, on 
maintaining current vendor relationships and developing new relationships. To the extent that our significant suppliers 
are unwilling or unable to continue to do business with us, extend lead times, limit supplies due to capacity constraints 
or other factors, there could be a material adverse effect on our business.  

Further, as a result of COVID-19 and its effects, we experienced some residual COVID-19 related component 
delays impacting new product development schedules. The global markets have generally suffered, and are continuing 
to suffer, from material disruptions to certain supply chains. Changes in our relationships with suppliers, shortages in 
availability  of  materials,  production  delays,  regulatory  restrictions,  public  health  crises,  or  other  supply  chain 
disruptions, whether due to our suppliers or customers, could have a material adverse effect on our operations and 
results.  Increases  in  the  costs  of  supplies  could  result  in  manufacturing  interruptions,  delays,  inefficiencies  or  our 
inability  to  market  products.  In  addition,  our  profit  margins  would  decrease  if  prices  of  purchased  raw  materials, 
component parts or finished goods increase and we are unable to pass on those increases to our customers. As various 
locations have  seen recovery from COVID-19, there have been increases in demand, which have, in turn, created 
significant disruption to the global supply chain. These disruptions have been further exacerbated by other events and 
conditions, including the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, which have  adversely affected our ability to receive 
goods on a timely basis and increased our material costs. Short-term or sustained increases in market demand may 
exceed our suppliers’ production capacity or otherwise strain our supply chain. Our failure, or our suppliers’ failure, 
to meet the demand for raw materials and components could adversely affect our business and results of operations. 
Further disruptions to the supply chain because of the COVID-19 pandemic and its continuing residual impact, or 
other world or domestic events could materially adversely impact our operations and business.  While we  actively 
monitor and take steps to mitigate supply chain risk, there can be no assurance that our mitigation plans will prevent 
disruptions that may arise from shortages of materials that we use in the production of our products. 

We rely  heavily on information technology systems that, if not properly functioning, could materially adversely 
affect our business. 

We  rely  on  our  information  technology  systems  to  process,  analyze  and  manage  data  to  facilitate  the 
purchase, manufacture, and distribution of our products, as well as to receive, process, bill and ship orders on a timely 
basis. A significant disruption or failure in the design, operation, security or support of our information technology 
systems could significantly disrupt our business. 

Our information technology systems may be subject to cyber attacks, security breaches, computer hacking, 
as well as other damage, disruptions or shutdowns. Experienced computer programmers and hackers may be able to 
penetrate  our  security  controls  and  misappropriate  or  compromise  sensitive  personal,  proprietary  or  confidential 
information, create system disruptions or cause  shutdowns. They also may be able to develop and deploy viruses, 
worms and other malicious software programs that attack our systems or otherwise exploit any security vulnerabilities. 
Additionally,  third  parties  may  attempt  to  fraudulently  induce  employees  or  customers  into  disclosing  sensitive 
information such as usernames, passwords or other information in order to gain access to our customers’ data or our 
data, including our intellectual property and  other confidential business information, employee information or our 
information technology systems. Our systems and the data stored on those systems may also be vulnerable to security 
incidents or security attacks, acts of vandalism or theft, coordinated attacks by activist entities, misplaced or lost data, 
human errors or other similar events that could negatively affect our systems and its data, as well as the data of our 
business partners. Further, third parties, such as hosted solution providers, that provide services to us, could also be a 
source of security risk in the event of a failure of their own security systems and infrastructure. 

We have experienced cybersecurity incidents in the past, but none of these incidents, individually or in the 
aggregate,  has  had  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  business,  reputation,  operations  or  products.  The  Company 
implemented  various  information  technology  protections  designed  to  detect  and  reduce  cybersecurity  incidents, 
although there can be no assurance that our protections will be successful. The Company also regularly evaluates its 
protections  against  cybersecurity  incidents,  including  in  response  to  specific  threats  and  as  part of  the  Company's 
information  security  program.  There  can  be  no  assurance,  however,  that  the  Company  will  be  able  to  prevent  or 
remediate all future cybersecurity incidents or that the cost associated with responding to any such incident or impact 

10 

 
of such incident will not be significant or material. Further, our remediation efforts may not be successful and could 
result  in  interruptions,  delays  or  cessation  of  service,  and  loss  of  existing  or  potential  suppliers  or  customers.  In 
addition, breaches of our security measures and the unauthorized dissemination of sensitive personal, proprietary or 
confidential information about us, our business partners or other third parties could expose us to significant potential 
liability and reputational harm. As threats related to cyber attacks develop and grow, we may also find it necessary to 
make  further  investments  to  protect  our  data  and  infrastructure,  which  may  impact  our  profitability.  As  a  global 
enterprise, we could also be negatively impacted by existing and proposed laws and regulations, as well as government 
policies and practices related to cybersecurity, privacy, data localization and data protection. 

Our products may be found to be defective, or our services performed may result in equipment or product damage 
and, as a result, warranty and/or product liability claims may be asserted against us. 

We sell many of our components at prices that are significantly lower than the cost of the equipment or other 
goods  in  which  they  are  incorporated.  Because  a  defect  or  failure  in  a  product  could  give  rise  to  failures  in  the 
equipment  that  incorporates  them,  we  may  face  claims  for  damages  that  are  disproportionate  to  the  revenues  and 
profits we receive from the components involved in the claims. While we typically have provisions in our agreements 
with our suppliers that hold the supplier accountable for defective products, and we and our suppliers generally exclude 
consequential damages in our standard terms and conditions, our ability to avoid such liabilities may be limited as a 
result of various factors, including the inability to exclude such damages due to the laws of some of the countries 
where we do business. Our business could be adversely affected as a result of a significant quality or performance 
issues in the components sold by us if we are required to pay for the damages. Although we  have product liability 
insurance, such insurance is limited in coverage and amount. 

Substantial defaults by our customers on our accounts receivable or the loss of significant customers could have a 
significant negative impact on our business. 

We extend credit to our customers. The failure of a significant customer or a significant group of customers 
to timely pay all amounts due could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. 
The  extension  of  credit  involves  considerable  judgment  and  is  based  on  management’s  evaluation  of  factors  that 
include such things as a customer’s financial condition, payment history and the availability of collateral to secure 
customers’ receivables. The risks associated with extending credit to our customers could be exacerbated by economic 
weakness and market disruption. 

Failure  to  successfully  implement  our  growth  initiatives,  or  failure  to  realize  the  benefits  expected  from  these 
initiatives  if  implemented,  may  create  ongoing  operating  losses  or  otherwise  adversely  affect  our  business, 
operating results and financial condition. 

Our  growth  strategy  focuses  on  expanding  our  Green  Energy  Solutions,  our  healthcare  and  our  power 
conversion  businesses.  We  may  be  unable  to  implement  our  growth  initiatives  or  strategic  priorities  or  reach 
profitability in the near future or at all, due to many factors, including factors outside of our control. We also cannot 
be certain that executing on our strategy will generate the benefits we expect. If we fail to execute successfully on our 
strategic priorities, if we pursue strategic priorities that prove to be unsuccessful, or if our investments in these growth 
initiatives do not yield anticipated returns for any reason, our business, financial position, results of operations and 
cash flows may be materially and adversely affected.  

We may not be successful in identifying, consummating and integrating future acquisitions, if any. 

We  may not be able to identify attractive  acquisition candidates or complete the acquisition of identified 
candidates at favorable prices and upon advantageous terms. Also, acquisitions are accompanied by risks, such as 
potential  exposure  to  unknown  liabilities  and  the  possible  loss  of  key  employees  and  customers  of  the  acquired 
business. In addition, we may not obtain the expected benefits or cost savings from acquisitions. Acquisitions are 
subject to risks associated with financing the acquisition, and integrating the operations, personnel and systems of the 
acquired businesses. If any of these risks materialize, they may result in disruptions to our business and the diversion 
of management time and attention, which could increase the costs of operating our existing or acquired businesses or 
negate the expected benefits of the acquisitions. 

11 

 
Economic weakness and uncertainty and other challenges could adversely affect our revenues and gross margins. 

Our revenues and gross profit margins depend significantly on global economic conditions, the demand for 
our products and services and the financial condition of our customers. Economic weakness and uncertainty have in 
the  past,  and may  in  the  future,  result  in  decreased  revenues  and gross  profit  margins. Economic  uncertainty  also 
makes it more difficult for us to forecast overall supply and demand with a great deal of confidence. Financial turmoil 
affecting the banking system and financial markets could result in tighter credit markets and lower levels of liquidity 
in some financial markets. The effects of a tightened credit environment could include the insolvency of key vendors 
or their inability to obtain credit to finance development and/or manufacture products resulting in product delays as 
well as the inability of customers to obtain credit to finance operations and/or customer insolvencies. Spending and 
the timing thereof by our customers may have a significant impact on our results and, where such spending is delayed 
or canceled, it could have a material negative impact on our operating results. Current global economic conditions 
remain uncertain and challenging. Weakness in the markets in which we operate could negatively impact our revenue 
and  operating  expenses,  and consequently have  a material  adverse  effect on  our business,  financial  condition  and 
results of operations. There can be no assurance that we will continue recovery in the near future; nor is there any 
assurance that worldwide economic volatility will not continue or worsen. 

Further, challenges in the supply chain and disruptions in our logistics capability could further negatively 
impact our gross profit margins.  See “We are dependent on a limited number of vendors to supply us with essential 
products. Further, disruptions to the supply chain could adversely impact our business” and “Major disruptions to our 
logistics capability or to the operations of our key vendors or customers could have a material adverse impact on our 
operations.” 

Prolonged periods of inflation could increase costs, have an adverse effect on general economic conditions and 
impact consumer spending, which could impact our profitability and have a material adverse effect on our business 
and results of operations. 

Inflation has risen on a global basis and the United States has recently experienced historically high levels of 
inflation. If the inflation rate continues to increase, it can also push up the costs of labor and other expenses. There is 
no assurance that our revenues will increase at the same rate to maintain the same level of profitability. Inflation and 
government efforts to combat inflation, such as raising the benchmark interest rate, could increase market volatility 
and have an adverse effect on the financial market and general economic conditions. Such adverse conditions could 
negatively impact demand for our products, which could adversely affect our profitability, results of operations and 
cash flow. 

Our  business  and  results  of  operations  are  subject  to  a  broad  range  of  uncertainties  arising  out  of  world  and 
domestic events. 

Global  and  regional  economic  uncertainty  continues  to  exist,  including  uncertainty  relating  to  the  Covid 
pandemic  and  the  Russian  invasion  of  Ukraine.  Our  operations  could  be  adversely  affected  by  global  or  regional 
economic conditions if markets decline in the future, whether related to the Covid pandemic, the Russian invasion of 
Ukraine, higher inflation or interest rates, recession, natural disasters, impacts of and issues related to climate change, 
business disruptions, our ability to adequately staff operations or otherwise.   Any future economic declines may result 
in decreased revenue, gross margins, earnings or growth rates or difficulty in managing inventory levels or collecting 
customer receivables. We also have experienced, and expect to continue to experience, increased competitive pricing 
pressure, raw material inflation and availability issues resulting in difficulties meeting customer demand. In addition, 
customer difficulties in the future could result from economic declines, the Covid pandemic, the cyclical nature of 
their respective businesses, such as in the oil and gas industry, or otherwise and, in turn, result in decreases in product 
demand, increases in bad debt write-offs, decreases in timely collection of accounts receivable and adjustments to our 
allowance for credit losses, resulting in material reductions to our revenues and net earnings. 

12 

 
Major disruptions to our logistics capability or to the operations of our key vendors or customers could have a 
material adverse impact on our operations. 

 We operate our global logistics services through specialized and centralized distribution centers. We depend 
on third party transportation service providers for the delivery of products to our customers. A major interruption or 
disruption in service at any of our distribution centers, or a disruption at the operations of any of our significant vendors 
or  customers,  for  any  reason,  including  reasons  beyond  our  control  (such  as  natural  disasters,  pandemics  or  other 
health  crises  (such  as  COVID-19),  work  stoppages,  power  loss,  cyber  attacks,  incidents  of  terrorism  or  other 
significant disruptions of services from our third party providers) could cause cancellations or delays in a significant 
number of shipments to customers and, as a result, could have a severe impact on our business, operations and financial 
performance.  Further,  challenges  within  global  logistics  networks,  including  shortages  of  shipping  containers, 
international  port  congestion,  and  trucking  shortages  and  freight  capacity  constraints  have  resulted  in  delays  in 
receiving  key  manufacturing  components  and  increased  order  backlogs  and  transportation  costs.  Such  logistical 
disruption may cause us to incur higher costs and may also result in longer lead times for our customers. Uncertainties 
related to the magnitude and duration of global supply chain disruptions have adversely affected, and may continue to 
adversely  affect,  our  business.  If  we  are  unable  to  recover  a  substantial  portion  of  the  increase  in  material  and 
transportation  costs  from  our  customers  through  price  adjustments  and/or  surcharges,  our  business  or  results  of 
operations could be adversely affected. We may also experience an increase in order cancellations if any such pricing 
actions are not accepted by our customers. 

Risks Related to International Operations 

International operations represent a significant percentage of our business and present a variety of risks that could 
impact our results.  

Because we source and sell our products worldwide, our business is subject to risks associated with doing 
business internationally. These risks include the costs and difficulties of managing foreign entities, limitations on the 
repatriation  and  investment  of  funds,  cultural  differences  that  affect  customer  preferences  and  business  practices, 
unstable political or economic conditions, geopolitical risks and demand or supply reactions from events that could 
include political crises and conflict (such as the Russian invasion of Ukraine), war, a major terrorist attack, natural 
disasters, actual or threatened public health emergencies (such as COVID-19, including virus variants and resurgences 
and  responses  to  those  developments  such  as  continued  or  new  government-imposed  lockdowns  and  travel 
restrictions),  trade  protection  measures  and  import  or  export  licensing  requirements,  monetary  policy,  inflation, 
economic growth, recession, commodity prices, currency volatility, currency controls, and changes in tax laws. 

We also face exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates because we conduct business outside 
of  the  United  States.  Price  increases  caused  by  currency  exchange  rate  fluctuations  may  make  our  products  less 
competitive or may have an adverse effect on our margins. Our international revenues and expenses generally are 
derived  from  sales  and  operations  in  currencies  other  than  the  U.S.  dollar.  Accordingly,  when  the  U.S.  dollar 
strengthens in relation to the base currencies of the countries in which we sell our products, our U.S. dollar reported 
net revenue and income would decrease. We currently do not engage in any currency hedging transactions. We cannot 
predict whether foreign currency exchange risks inherent in doing business in foreign countries will have a material 
adverse effect on our operations and financial results  in the future. Further, global economic conditions may cause 
volatility  and  disruptions  in  the  capital  and  credit  markets.  Negative  or  uncertain  financial  and  macroeconomic 
conditions may have a significant adverse impact on our sales, profitability and results of operations. 

Financial Risks 

There is a possible risk of identifiable intangible asset impairment, which could reduce the value of our assets and 
reduce our net income in the year in which the write-off occurs. 

Our intangible assets could become impaired, which could reduce the value of our assets and reduce our net 
income  in  the  year  in  which  the  write-off  occurs.  We  ascribe  value  to  certain  intangible  assets  which  consist  of 
customer  lists  and  trade  names  resulting  from  acquisitions.  An  impairment  charge  on  intangible  assets  would  be 
incurred in the event that the fair value of the intangible assets is less than their current carrying values. We evaluate 
whether events have occurred that indicate all, or a portion, of the carrying amount of intangible assets may no longer 
be recoverable. If this is the case, an impairment charge to earnings would be necessary.  

13 

 
Our  indebtedness  and  restrictive  covenants  under  our  credit  facility  could  limit  our  operational  and  financial 
flexibility.  

                We may incur indebtedness in the future under our credit facility with PNC Bank NA. Our ability to make 
interest and scheduled principal payments on any such indebtedness and operate within restrictive covenants could be 
adversely impacted by changes in the availability, terms and cost of capital, changes in interest rates or changes in our 
credit  ratings  or  our  outlook.  These  changes  could  increase  our  cost  of  business,  limiting  our  ability  to  pursue 
acquisition opportunities, react to market conditions and meet operational and capital needs, thereby placing us at a 
competitive disadvantage.  

Legal and Regulatory Risks 

We  may  be  subject  to  intellectual  property  rights  claims,  which  are  costly  to  defend,  could  require  payment  of 
damages or licensing fees, and/or could limit our ability to use certain technologies in the future. 

Substantial litigation and threats of litigation regarding intellectual property rights exist in the display systems 
and electronics industries. From time to time, third parties, including certain companies in the business of acquiring 
patents with the intention of aggressively seeking licensing revenue from purported infringers, have asserted and may 
in the future assert patent and/or other intellectual property rights to technologies that are important to our business. 
In any dispute involving products that we have sold, our customers could also become the target of litigation. We are 
obligated in many instances to indemnify and defend our customers if the products we sell are alleged to infringe any 
third party’s intellectual property rights. In some cases, depending on the nature of the claim, we may be able to seek 
indemnification from our suppliers for our self and our customers against such claims, but there is no assurance that 
we  will  be  successful  in  obtaining  such  indemnification  or  that  we  are  fully  protected  against  such  claims.  Any 
infringement claim brought against us, regardless of the duration, outcome or size of damage award, could result in 
substantial cost, divert our management’s attention, be time consuming to defend, result in significant damage awards, 
cause product shipment delays, or require us to enter into royalty or other licensing agreements. See Note 11,  Risks 
and Uncertainties, of the notes to our consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on 
Form 10-K for further information regarding specific legal matters related to our patents. 

Additionally, if an infringement claim is successful, we may be required to pay damages or seek royalty or 
license  arrangements  which  may  not  be  available  on  commercially  reasonable  terms.  The  payment  of  any  such 
damages or royalties may significantly increase our operating expenses and harm our operating results and financial 
condition.  Also, royalty or  license  arrangements  may  not  be  available  at  all.  We  may  have  to  stop  selling  certain 
products or certain technologies, which could affect our ability to compete effectively. 

Potential lawsuits, with or without merit, may divert management’s attention, and we may incur significant 
expenses in our defense. In addition, we may be required to pay damage awards or  settlements, become subject to 
injunctions or other equitable remedies, or determine to abandon certain lines of business, that may cause a material 
adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position and cash flows. 

We may incur substantial operational costs or be required to change our business practices to comply with data 
privacy and data protection laws and regulations around the world. 

We  are  subject  to  many  privacy  and  data  protection  laws  and  regulations  in  various  jurisdictions,  which 
continue  to  evolve  rapidly.  The  EU’s  General  Data  Protection  Regulation  (“GDPR”)  includes  operational 
requirements for companies that receive or process personal data of residents of the European Union, including more 
robust  documentation  requirements  for  data  protection  compliance  programs.  Specifically,  the  GDPR  imposes 
numerous privacy-related requirements for companies operating in the EU, including greater control for data subjects, 
increased data portability for EU consumers and data breach notification requirements. 

Complying with the GDPR may cause us to incur substantial operational costs or require us to change our 
business practices in ways that we cannot currently predict. Despite our efforts to bring our practices into compliance 
with the GDPR, we may not be successful. Non-compliance could result in proceedings against us by governmental 
entities, customers, data subjects or others. Fines of up to 20 million euros or up to 4% of the annual global revenue 
of  the  noncompliant  company,  whichever  is  greater,  may  be  imposed  for  violations  of  certain  of  the  GDPR’s 
requirements. 

14 

 
In  addition,  several  other  jurisdictions  in  the  U.S.  and  around  the  world  have  enacted  privacy  laws  or 
regulations  similar  to  GDPR.  For  instance,  California  enacted  the  California  Consumer  Privacy  Act  (“CCPA”), 
effective January 1, 2020 which gives consumers many of the same rights as those available under GDPR. Several 
laws similar to the CCPA have been proposed in the United States at both the federal and state level. The effects of, 
and  costs  incurred  in  connection  with  complying  with,  the  GDPR,  the  CCPA  and  other  data  privacy  laws  and 
regulations may be significant and may require us to modify our data processing practices and policies and to incur 
substantial costs and expenses in an effort to comply. Any actual or perceived failures to comply with the GDPR, the 
CCPA or other data privacy laws or regulations, or related contractual or other obligations, or any perceived privacy 
rights violation, could lead to investigations, claims and proceedings by governmental entities and private  parties, 
damages for contract breach, and other significant costs, penalties and other liabilities, as well as harm to our reputation 
and market position.  

Our international sales and operations are subject to applicable laws relating to trade, export controls and foreign 
corrupt practices, the violation of which could adversely affect our operations. 

We are subject to applicable export control laws and regulations of the United States and other countries. 
United States laws and regulations applicable to us include the Arms Export Control Act, the International Traffic in 
Arms  Regulations  (“ITAR”),  the  Export  Administration  Regulations  (“EAR”),  anti-money  laundering  laws  and 
regulations and the trade  and trade sanctions laws and regulations administered by the Office of the United States 
Trade Representative and the United States Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control. The import 
and export of our products are subject to international trade agreements, the modification or repeal of which could 
impact our business. The U.S. government agencies responsible for administering EAR and ITAR have significant 
discretion in the interpretation and enforcement of these regulations. Violations of these laws or regulations could 
result  in  significant  additional  sanctions  including  fines,  more  onerous  compliance  requirements,  more  extensive 
debarments from export privileges, loss of authorizations needed to conduct aspects of our international business and 
criminal  penalties  and  may  harm  our  ability  to  enter  contracts  with  customers  who  have  contracts  with  the  U.S. 
government.  A  violation  of  the  laws  or  the  regulations  enumerated  above  could  materially  adversely  affect  our 
business, reputation, financial condition and results of operations. 

Ongoing changes to tariffs and trade relations may adversely affect our business. 

Our international operations are subject to changing tariffs and developments in trade relations. The U.S. 
government has  made statements and taken certain actions that have led to, and may in the future lead to, further 
changes to U.S. and international trade policies, including recently imposed tariffs affecting certain products exported 
by a number of U.S. trading partners, including China. For example, during 2018, the U.S. and China each imposed 
new  tariffs,  and  announced  further  proposed  tariffs,  on  various  products  imported  from  China  and  the  U.S., 
respectively. Between July 2018 and September 2018, the Office of the United States Trade Representative imposed 
tariffs of 10% and 25% on three product lists totaling approximately $250 billion in Chinese imports.  In May 2019, 
there  was  an  announcement of  the  United  States  government’s  imposition  of  a  25%  tariff  on  a  range  of  products 
exported from China to the U.S. on or after May 10, 2019. These lists include some of our products. 

Subsequently, in January 2020, the U.S. and China signed a “phase one” trade deal, accompanied by a U.S. 
decision to cancel a plan to increase tariffs on an additional list of Chinese products and to reduce the tariffs imposed 
on May 13, 2019 from 15% to 7.5% effective February 14, 2020. Currently, the majority of tariff exclusions granted 
have expired and many of the additional tariffs on Chinese origin goods remain, as do concerns over the stability of 
bilateral trade relations, particularly given the limited scope of the phase one agreement. 

It is possible that further tariffs may be imposed on imports of our products, including by other countries, or 
that our business will be impacted by changing trade relations among countries. This may cause us to raise prices or 
make changes to our operations, any of which could adversely impact demand for our products, our costs, customers, 
suppliers and/or the United States economy or certain sectors thereof and, thus, to adversely impact our businesses 
and results of operations. Given the evolving nature of trade relations, the impact on our operations and results is 
uncertain and could be significant.  We can provide  no assurance that any strategies we  implement to mitigate  the 
impact of such tariffs or other trade actions will be successful. To the extent that our supply chain, costs, sales or 
profitability are negatively affected by the tariffs or other trade actions, our business, financial condition and results 
of operations may be materially adversely affected. 

15 

 
Ownership Risks 

A single stockholder controls a majority of the Company's voting stock.  

As  of  July  25,  2023,  Edward  J.  Richardson,  our  Chairman,  Chief  Executive  Officer  and  President, 
beneficially  owned  approximately  98%  of  the  outstanding  shares  of  our  Class  B  common  stock,  representing 
approximately  62%  of  the  voting  power  of  the  outstanding  common  stock.  This  share  ownership  permits  Mr. 
Richardson to exert control over the outcome of stockholder votes, including votes concerning the election of directors, 
by-law amendments, possible mergers, corporate control contests and other significant corporate transactions. 

General Risk Factors 

Failure to attract and retain key skilled personnel could hurt operations. 

 Our success depends to a large extent upon the continued services of key management personnel, particularly 
Mr. Richardson. While we have employment contracts in place with several of our executive officers, we nevertheless 
cannot  be  assured  that  we  will  retain  our  key  employees  and  the  loss  of  service  of  any  of  these  officers  or  key 
management personnel could have a material adverse effect on our business growth and operating results. 

 Our future success will require an ability to attract and retain qualified employees. Competition for such key 
personnel is intense and we cannot be assured that we will be successful in attracting and retaining such personnel. 
We cannot make assurances that key personnel will not depart in the future. Changes in the cost of providing employee 
benefits in order to attract and retain personnel, including changes in health care costs, could lead to increased costs 
in any of our operations. 

If  we  fail  to  maintain  an  effective  system  of  internal  controls  or  discover  material  weaknesses  in  our  internal 
controls over financial reporting, we may not be able to detect fraud or report our financial results accurately or 
timely. 

An effective internal control environment is necessary for us to produce reliable financial reports and is  an 
important part of our effort to prevent financial fraud. We are required to periodically evaluate the effectiveness of the 
design and operation of our internal controls over financial reporting. Based on these evaluations, we may conclude 
that  enhancements,  modifications  or  changes  to  internal  controls  are  necessary  or  desirable.  While  management 
evaluates the effectiveness of our internal controls on a regular basis, these controls may not always be effective. 
There  are  inherent  limitations  on  the  effectiveness  of  internal  controls,  including  fraud,  collusion,  management 
override and failure in human judgment. In addition, control procedures are designed to reduce rather than eliminate 
business risks. 

If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls, or if management or our independent registered 
public accounting firm discovers material weaknesses in our internal controls, we may be unable to produce reliable 
financial reports or prevent fraud. In addition, we may be subject to sanctions or investigation by regulatory authorities, 
such as the Securities and Exchange Commission or NASDAQ. Any such actions could result in an adverse reaction 
in the financial markets due to a loss of confidence in the reliability of our financial statements. 

If we are deemed to be an investment company, we will be required to meet burdensome compliance requirements 
and restrictions on our activities. 

We have had significant cash and investments. If we are deemed to be an “investment company” as defined 
under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “Investment Company Act”), the nature of our investments may be 
subject to various restrictions. We do not believe that our principal activities subject us to the Investment Company 
Act. If we are deemed to be subject to the Investment Company Act, compliance with required additional regulatory 
burdens would increase our operating expenses. 

16 

 
  
  
  
  
  
Evolving expectations around corporate responsibility practices, specifically related to environmental, social and 
governance (“ESG”) matters, may expose us to reputational and other risks. 

Investors, stockholders, customers, suppliers and other third  parties are increasingly focusing on ESG and 
corporate  social  responsibility  endeavors  and  reporting.  Certain  institutional  investors,  investment  funds,  other 
influential  investors,  customers,  suppliers  and  other  third  parties  are  also  increasingly  focused  on  ESG  practices. 
Companies that do not adapt to or comply with the evolving investor or stakeholder expectations and standards, or 
which  are  perceived  to  have  not  responded  appropriately,  may  suffer  from  reputational  damage  and  result  in  the 
business, financial condition and/or stock price of a company being materially and adversely affected. Further, this 
increased focus on ESG issues may result in new regulations and/or third-party requirements that could adversely 
impact  our  business,  or  certain  shareholders  reducing  or  eliminating  their  holdings  of  our  stock.  Additionally,  an 
allegation or perception that the Company has not taken sufficient action in these areas could negatively harm our 
reputation. 

Our stock price may be volatile. 

Our stock price has fluctuated in the past and may experience declines in the future as a result of the volatile 
nature of the stock market, developments in our business and/or factors outside of our control including certain of the 
risk  factors  discussed  in  this  report.  Many  factors  may  cause  the  market  price  for  our  common  stock  to  change, 
including:  (i)  our  operating  results  as  compared  to  investors’  expectations  in  any  period,  (ii)  market  perceptions 
concerning our future earnings prospects, (iii) adverse changes in general market conditions or economic trends and 
(iv) changes or events in our industry or the world, such as market reactions to public health issues (including the 
COVID-19 pandemic), natural disasters, changes in global, national, or regional economies, inflation, governmental 
policies, political unrest, military action and armed conflicts (such as the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine), terrorist 
activities, political and social turmoil, civil unrest and other crises. 

ITEM 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments 

None. 

17 

 
  
ITEM 2. Properties 

The Company owns one facility and leases 25 facilities. We own our corporate facility and largest distribution 
center, which is located on approximately 100 acres in LaFox, Illinois and consists of approximately 224,000 square 
feet of manufacturing, warehouse and office space. We maintain geographically diverse facilities because we believe 
this provides value to our customers and suppliers, and limits market risk and exchange rate exposure. We believe our 
properties are well maintained and adequate for our present needs. The extent of utilization varies from property to 
property and from time to time during the year. 

Our facility locations, their primary use and segments served are as follows: 

  Leased/Owned   
   Owned 
Leased 

  Corporate/Sales/Distribution/Manufacturing    PMT/Canvys/Healthcare 

Use 

Segment 

Location 
LaFox, Illinois * 
Woodland Hills, 
California 
Marlborough, 
Massachusetts 
Fort Mill, South 
Carolina 
Sao Paulo, Brazil 
Beijing, China 
Nanjing, China 
Shanghai, China 
Shenzhen, China 
Brive, France 
Paris, France 
Donaueschingen, 
Germany 
Puchheim, Germany 
Mumbai, India 
Florence, Italy  
Milan, Italy 
Tokyo, Japan 
Mexico City, Mexico 
Amsterdam, Netherlands   
Singapore, Singapore 
Seoul, South Korea 
Taipei, Taiwan 
Bangkok, Thailand 
Dubai, United Arab 
Emirates 
Hook, United Kingdom    
Lincoln, United 
Kingdom 

Leased 

Leased 

Leased 
Leased 
Leased 
Leased 
Leased 
Leased 
Leased 
Leased 

Leased 
Leased 
Leased 
Leased 
Leased 
Leased 
Leased 
Leased 
Leased 
Leased 
Leased 
Leased 

Leased 
Leased 

Sales  

Sales/Distribution/Manufacturing 

PMT 

Canvys 

Sales/Distribution/Testing/Repair 

Healthcare 

Sales/Distribution 
Sales 
Sales 
Sales/Distribution 
Sales 
Sales 
Sales 
Sales/Distribution/Manufacturing 

Sales 
Sales 
Sales 
Sales 
Sales 
Sales 
Sales/Distribution/Manufacturing 
Sales/Distribution 
Sales 
Sales 
Sales/Distribution 
Sales/Testing 

PMT 
PMT 
PMT 
PMT 
PMT 
PMT 
PMT 
Canvys 

PMT 
PMT 
PMT 
PMT 
PMT 
PMT 
PMT/Healthcare 
PMT 
PMT 
PMT/Canvys 
PMT 
PMT 

Sales/Distribution/Testing/Repair 
Sales 

PMT 
PMT/Canvys 

* 

LaFox, Illinois is also the location of our corporate headquarters. 

ITEM 3. Legal Proceedings 

None. 

18 

 
 
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
ITEM 5. Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of 
Equity Securities 

PART II 

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities 

None. 

Share Repurchases 

There were no share repurchases in fiscal 2023. 

Dividends 

Our quarterly dividend was $0.06 per common share and $0.054 per Class B common share. Annual dividend 
payments were approximately $3.3 million for fiscal 2023 and $3.2 million for fiscal 2022. All future payments of 
dividends  are  at  the  discretion  of  the  Board  of  Directors.  Dividend  payments  will  depend  on  earnings,  capital 
requirements, operating conditions and such other factors that the Board may deem relevant. 

Common Stock Information 

Our common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market (“NASDAQ”) under the trading symbol 
(“RELL”). There is no established public trading market for our Class B common stock. As of July 25, 2023, there 
were approximately 419 stockholders of record for the common stock and approximately 13 stockholders of record 
for the Class B common stock. 

Effective June 26, 2023, the Company joined the 2023 Russell 3000® Index. Membership in the U.S. all-cap 
Russell 3000® Index remains in place for one year and includes the Company in the large-cap Russell 1000® Index 
and the small-cap Russell 2000® Index. 

19 

 
 
Performance Graph 

The  following  graph  compares  the  performance  of  our  common  stock  for  the  periods  indicated  with  the 
performance of the NASDAQ Composite Index, NASDAQ Electronic Components Index and the Russell Microcap 
Technology Index.  

The NASDAQ Electronic Components Index will not be available for fiscal 2024 and accordingly is being 
replaced  by  the  Russell  Microcap  Technology  Index.  This  year's  performance  graph  includes  both  the  NASDAQ 
Electronic  Components  Index  and  the  Russell  Microcap  Technology  Index  to  facilitate  the  transition  to  the 
replacement  index.  The  Russell  Microcap  Technology  Index  is  a  published  industry  index  comprised of  over 150 
companies. Next year's performance graph will exclude the NASDAQ Electronic Components Index. 

The graph assumes $100 invested on the last day of our fiscal year 2018, in our common stock, the NASDAQ 
Composite Index, NASDAQ Electronic Components Index and the Russell Microcap Technology Index. Total return 
indices reflect reinvestment of dividends at the closing stock prices at the date of the dividend declaration. 

COM PARI SON OF  5 YEAR  CUMU LATIVE TOTAL  RETURN * Amon g Richardson Electronics,  Ltd.,  the NASDAQ  Co mposite Index and the NA SDAQ Electronic  Comp onents Index  $250 $2 00 $15 0 $100  $50 $0  5/30 /15 5/28/16  5/27 /17 6 /2/18  6/1/19 5/3 0/20  Richardson E lectronics, Ltd. NASDA Q Compos ite NASDAQ  Electronic Componen ts *$1 00 in vested on 5 /30/1 5 in  stock or 5/31/15  in index, inclu ding reinves tment  of dividends. Indexes calculated on  mon th-end basis.  

ITEM 6. Reserved 

20 

 
 
 
ITEM 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related 

notes. 

Management’s  Discussion  and  Analysis  of  Financial  Condition  and  Results  of  Operations  (“MD&A”)  is 
intended to assist the reader in better understanding our business, results of operations, financial condition, changes 
in financial condition, critical accounting policies and estimates and significant developments. MD&A is provided as 
a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with, our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying 
notes appearing elsewhere in this filing. This section is organized as follows: 

• 

• 

• 

Business Overview 

Results of Operations - an analysis and comparison of our consolidated results of operations for the 
fiscal years ended May 27, 2023, May 28, 2022 and May 29, 2021, as reflected in our Consolidated 
Statements of Comprehensive Income. 

Liquidity, Financial Position and Capital Resources - a discussion of our primary sources and uses 
of cash for the fiscal years ended May 27, 2023, May 28, 2022 and May 29, 2021, and a discussion of 
changes in our financial position. 

Business Overview 

Richardson  Electronics,  Ltd.  is  a  leading  global  manufacturer  of  engineered  solutions,  power  grid  and 
microwave  tubes  and  related  consumables;  power  conversion  and  RF  and  microwave  components;  high-value 
replacement parts, tubes and service training for diagnostic imaging equipment; and customized display solutions. 
Nearly 60% of our products are manufactured in LaFox, Illinois, Marlborough, Massachusetts or Donaueschingen, 
Germany, or by one of our manufacturing partners throughout the world. All our partners manufacture to our strict 
specifications and per our supplier code of conduct. We serve customers in the alternative energy, healthcare, aviation, 
broadcast,  communications,  industrial,  marine,  medical,  military,  scientific  and  semiconductor  markets.  The 
Company’s  strategy  is  to  provide  specialized  technical  expertise  and  “engineered  solutions”  based  on  our  core 
engineering  and  manufacturing  capabilities.  The  Company  provides  solutions  and  adds  value  through  design-in 
support, systems integration, prototype design and manufacturing, testing, logistics and aftermarket technical service 
and repair through its global infrastructure. 

Some of the Company's products are manufactured in China and are imported into the United States. The 
Office of the United States Trade Representative ("USTR") instituted additional 10% to 25% tariffs on the importation 
of a number of products into the United States from China effective July 6, 2018, with additional products added 
August 23, 2018 and September 24, 2018. These additional tariffs are a response to what the USTR considers to be 
certain unfair trade practices by China. A number of the Company's products manufactured in China are now subject 
to these additional duties of 25% when imported into the United States. 

Management continues to work with its suppliers as well as its customers to mitigate the impact of the tariffs 
on our customers’ markets. However, if the Company is unable to successfully pass through the additional cost of 
these tariffs, or if the higher prices reduce demand for the Company's products, it will have a negative effect on the 
Company's sales and gross margins. 

The Company began reporting the results for its new Green Energy Solutions ("GES") segment in the first 
quarter of fiscal 2023 due to its focus on power applications that support the green energy market. The GES segment 
has been carved out of our existing Power and Microwave Technologies (“PMT”) segment. Accordingly, the Company 
is reporting its financial performance based on four operating and reportable segments. The results for fiscal 2022 and 
fiscal 2021 presented herein were adjusted to reflect the presentation of the new GES segment separately from the 
PMT segment. 

21 

 
The  Company's  four  operating  and  reportable  segments  for  fiscal  2023,  fiscal  2022  and  fiscal  2021  are 

defined as follows: 

Power and Microwave Technologies combines our core engineered solutions capabilities, power grid and 
microwave tube business with new disruptive RF,  Wireless and Power technologies. As a designer, manufacturer, 
technology  partner  and  authorized  distributor,  PMT’s  strategy  is  to  provide  specialized  technical  expertise  and 
engineered  solutions  based  on  our core  engineering  and  manufacturing capabilities  on  a  global  basis.  We  provide 
solutions and add value through design-in support, systems integration, prototype design and manufacturing, testing, 
logistics and aftermarket technical service and repair—all through our existing global infrastructure. PMT’s focus is 
on products for power, RF and microwave applications for customers in 5G, aviation, broadcast, communications, 
industrial,  marine,  medical,  military,  scientific  and  semiconductor  markets.  PMT  focuses  on  various  applications 
including broadcast transmission, CO2 laser cutting, diagnostic imaging, dielectric and induction heating, high energy 
transfer,  high  voltage  switching,  plasma,  power  conversion,  radar  and  radiation  oncology.  PMT  also  offers  its 
customers technical services for both microwave and industrial equipment. 

Green  Energy  Solutions  combines  our  key  technology  partners  and  engineered  solutions  capabilities  to 
design  and  manufacture  innovative  products  for  the  fast-growing  energy  storage  market  and  power  management 
applications. As a designer, manufacturer, technology partner and authorized distributor, GES’s strategy is to provide 
specialized  technical  expertise  and  engineered  solutions  using  our  core  design  engineering  and  manufacturing 
capabilities on a global basis. We provide solutions and add value through design-in support, systems integration, 
prototype design and manufacturing, testing, logistics and aftermarket technical service and repair—all through our 
existing global infrastructure. GES’s focus is on products for numerous green energy applications such as wind, solar, 
hydrogen  and  Electric  Vehicles,  and  other  power  management  applications  that  support  green  solutions  such  as 
synthetic diamond manufacturing. 

Canvys  provides  customized  display  solutions  serving  the  corporate  enterprise,  financial,  healthcare, 
industrial  and  medical  original  equipment  manufacturers  markets.  Our  engineers  design,  manufacture,  source  and 
support a full spectrum of solutions to match the needs of our customers. We offer long term availability and proven 
custom  display  solutions  that  include  touch  screens,  protective  panels,  custom  enclosures,  All-In-One  computers, 
specialized  cabinet  finishes  and  application  specific  software  packages  and  certification  services.  Our  volume 
commitments are lower than the large display manufacturers, making us the ideal choice for companies with very 
specific  design  requirements.  We  partner  with  both  private  label  manufacturing  companies  and  leading  branded 
hardware vendors to offer the highest quality display and touch solutions and customized computing platforms. 

Healthcare manufactures, repairs, refurbishes and distributes high value replacement parts and equipment for 
the  healthcare  market  including  hospitals,  medical  centers,  asset  management  companies,  independent  service 
organizations and multi-vendor service providers. Products include diagnostic imaging replacement parts for CT and 
MRI systems; replacement CT and MRI tubes; CT service training; MRI coils, cold heads and RF amplifiers; hydrogen 
thyratrons, klystrons, magnetrons; flat panel detector upgrades; pre-owned CT systems; and additional replacement 
solutions currently under development for the diagnostic imaging service market. Through a combination of newly 
developed products and partnerships, service offerings and training programs, we believe we can help our customers 
improve efficiency while lowering the cost of healthcare delivery. 

We  currently  have  operations  in  the  following  major  geographic  regions:  North  America,  Asia/Pacific, 

Europe and Latin America. 

22 

 
Results of Operations 

Overview - Fiscal Year Ended May 27, 2023 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

Fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022 both contained 52 weeks. 

Net sales during fiscal 2023 were $262.7 million, up 16.9%, compared to net sales of $224.6 million 
during fiscal 2022. 

Gross margin was 31.9% of net sales during fiscal 2023, compared to 31.9% of net sales during fiscal 
2022. 

Selling, general and administrative expenses were $58.7 million, or 22.4% of net sales, during fiscal 
2023, compared to $55.7 million, or 24.8% of net sales, during fiscal 2022. 

Operating income during fiscal 2023 was $25.0 million, compared to an operating income of $16.0 
million during fiscal 2022. 

Other income during fiscal 2023 was less than $0.1 million, compared to other expense of $0.2 million 
during fiscal 2022. 

Net income during fiscal 2023 was $22.3 million, compared to a net income of $17.9 million during 
fiscal 2022. 

Net Sales and Gross Profit Analysis 

Net sales by segment and percent change for fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021 were as follows (in 

thousands): 

Net Sales 
PMT 
GES 
Canvys 
Healthcare 
Total 

  FY 2023 
  $ 

   FY 2022 

FY 2021 

FY23 vs. FY22 
% Change 

FY22 vs. FY21 
% Change 

164,299     $ 
47,596      
39,331      
11,432      
262,658     $ 

155,445     $ 
22,611      
35,187      
11,377      
224,620     $ 

128,980      
8,300      
29,319      
10,338      
176,937      

5.7 %    
110.5 %    
11.8 %    
0.5 %    
16.9 %    

20.5 % 
172.4 % 
20.0 % 
10.1 % 
26.9 % 

  $ 

During  fiscal  2023,  consolidated  net  sales  increased  by  16.9%  compared  to  fiscal  2022.  Sales  for  PMT 
increased by 5.7%, GES sales increased by 110.5%. Canvys sales increased by 11.8% and Healthcare sales increased 
by 0.5%. The increase in PMT was mainly due to strong growth in the semi-wafer fabrication industry and the RF and 
microwave products for various applications. The increase in GES was primarily due to growth in related product 
sales to the wind turbine industry, as well as EV battery modules. The increase in Canvys was primarily due to strong 
sales in the North American market. The increase in Healthcare was primarily due to an increase in equipment sales.  

During  fiscal  2022,  consolidated  net  sales  increased  by  26.9%  compared  to  fiscal  2021.  Sales  for  PMT 
increased by 20.5%, GES sales increased by 172.4%, Canvys sales increased by 20.0% and Healthcare sales increased 
by 10.1%.  The increase in PMT was mainly due  to strong growth from our Power and Microwave Group (PMG) 
technology partners in various applications including power management and 5G infrastructure, and increased revenue 
from our Semiconductor Wafer Fabrication Equipment customers buying engineered solutions. We also had strong 
growth in various Electron Device (EDG) product lines. The increase in GES was primarily due to components for 
power management applications and niche products for wind turbines. The increase in Canvys was primarily due to 
strong sales in the European and North American markets. The increase in Healthcare was primarily due to strong part 
sales and increase in demand for the ALTA750TM tubes. 

23 

 
 
  
  
   
 
   
   
   
 
Gross profit by segment and percent of segment net sales for fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021 were as 

follows (in thousands): 

Gross Profit 
PMT 
GES 
Canvys 
Healthcare 
Total 

FY 2023 

FY 2022 

FY 2021 

  $  54,089      
13,719      
12,375      
3,506      
  $  83,689      

32.9 %   $  50,810      
7,231      
28.8 %    
11,252      
31.5 %    
30.7 %    
2,407      
31.9 %   $  71,700      

32.7 %   $  43,546      
32.0 %    
2,405      
10,274      
32.0 %    
21.2 %    
2,600      
31.9 %   $  58,825      

33.8 % 
29.0 % 
35.0 % 
25.1 % 
33.2 % 

Gross  profit  reflects  the  distribution  and  manufacturing  product  margin  less  manufacturing  variances, 
inventory obsolescence charges,  customer returns, scrap and cycle  count adjustments, engineering costs and other 
provisions. 

Consolidated gross profit was $83.7 million during fiscal 2023, compared to $71.7 million during fiscal 2022. 
Consolidated gross margin as a percentage of net sales was 31.9 % for fiscal 2023, the same as the 31.9% during fiscal 
2022, primarily due to favorable product mix for PMT, unfavorable product mix for GES, unfavorable product mix 
for Canvys and improved manufacturing absorption and decreased component scrap for Healthcare. Gross margin 
during fiscal 2023 included expense related to inventory provisions of $0.3 million for PMT, $0.1 million for Canvys 
and $0.1 million for Healthcare. 

Consolidated gross profit was $71.7 million during fiscal 2022, compared to $58.8 million during fiscal 2021. 
Consolidated gross margin as a percentage of net sales decreased to 31.9% during fiscal 2022, from 33.2% during 
fiscal 2021, primarily due to unfavorable product mix for PMT, favorable product mix for GES, higher freight costs 
and foreign exchange effects for Canvys and increased component scrap expenses for Healthcare. Gross margin during 
fiscal 2022 included expense related to inventory provisions for PMT of $0.4 million and $0.1 million for Healthcare. 

Power and Microwave Technologies 

Net sales for PMT increased 5.7% to $164.3 million during fiscal 2023 from $155.4 million during fiscal 
2022. The increase was mainly due to strong growth in the semi-wafer fabrication industry for the first nine months 
and the RF and microwave products for various applications. Gross margin as a percentage of net sales increased to 
32.9% during fiscal 2023 as compared to 32.7% during fiscal 2022, primarily due to product mix. 

Net sales for PMT increased 20.5% to $155.4 million during fiscal 2022 from $129.0 million during fiscal 
2021.  The  increase  was  mainly  due  to  strong  growth  from  our  Power  and  Microwave  Group  (PMG)  technology 
partners in various applications including power management and 5G infrastructure, and increased revenue from our 
Semiconductor Wafer Fabrication Equipment customers buying engineered solutions. We also had strong growth in 
various Electron Device (EDG) product lines. Gross margin as a percentage of net sales decreased to 32.7% during 
fiscal 2022 as compared to 33.8% during fiscal 2021, primarily due to product mix. 

Green Energy Solutions 

Net sales for GES increased 110.5% to $47.6 million during fiscal 2023 from $22.6 million during fiscal 
2022. The increase was mainly due to growth in related product sales to the wind turbine industry, as well as EV 
battery modules. Gross margin as a percentage of net sales decreased to 28.8% during fiscal 2023 as compared to 
32.0% during fiscal 2022, primarily due to product mix. 

 Net  sales for GES  increased 172.4% to $22.6 million during fiscal 2022 from $8.3 million during fiscal 
2021. Sales increased primarily due to components for power management applications and niche products for wind 
turbines. Gross margin as a percentage of net sales increased to 32.0% during fiscal 2022 as compared to 29.0% during 
fiscal 2021, primarily due to product mix. 

24 

 
 
 
   
   
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 Canvys 

Net sales for Canvys increased 11.8% to $39.3 million during fiscal 2023, from $35.2 million during fiscal 
2022. Sales increased primarily due to strong sales in the North American market. Gross margin as a percentage of 
net sales decreased to 31.5% during fiscal 2023 as compared to 32.0% during fiscal 2022 mainly due to product mix. 

Net sales for Canvys increased 20.0% to $35.2 million during fiscal 2022, from $29.3 million during fiscal 
2021. Sales increased primarily due to strong sales in the European and North American markets. Gross margin as a 
percentage of net sales decreased to 32.0% during fiscal 2022 as compared to 35.0% during fiscal 2021 mainly due to 
increasing freight costs resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic and foreign currency effects. 

Healthcare 

Net  sales  for  Healthcare  increased  0.5%  to  $11.4  million during  fiscal  2023,  essentially  unchanged  from 
fiscal  2022.  The  slight  increase  in  sales  was  primarily  due  to  an  increase  in  equipment  sales,  partially  offset  by 
decreases in part sales and CT tube sales. Gross margin as a percentage of net sales increased to 30.7% during fiscal 
2023, compared to 21.2% during fiscal 2022. The increase was primarily due to improved manufacturing absorption 
and decreased component scrap expenses.  

Net  sales  for  Healthcare  increased  10.1%  to  $11.4  million  during fiscal  2022,  from  $10.3  million  during 
fiscal 2021. The increase in sales was primarily due to strong parts sales and an increase in demand for the ALTA 
750DTM tubes. Gross margin as a percentage of net sales decreased to 21.2% during fiscal 2022, compared to 25.1% 
during fiscal 2021. The decrease was primarily due to increased component scrap expenses. 

 Sales by Geographic Area 

On a geographic basis, our sales are categorized by destination: North America; Asia/Pacific; Europe; Latin 

America; and Other.  

Net sales by geographic area and percent change for fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021 were as follows 

(in thousands): 

Net Sales 
North America 
Asia/Pacific 
Europe 
Latin America 
Other (1) 
Total 

   FY 2022 

   FY 2021 

FY23 vs. FY22 
% Change 

FY22 vs. FY21 
% Change 

  FY 2023 
 $ 

112,214   $ 
59,557    
62,017    
28,924    
(54 )   

98,527   $ 
49,235    
64,435    
12,439    
(16 )   

 $ 

262,658   $ 

224,620   $ 

73,625    
40,839    
52,549    
9,651    
273    
176,937    

13.9 %   
21.0 %   
(3.8 %)   
132.5 %   
(237.5 %)   
16.9 %   

33.8 % 
20.6 % 
22.6 % 
28.9 % 
(105.9 %) 
26.9 % 

Gross profit by geographic area and percent of geographic net sales for fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022 and fiscal 

2021 were as follows (in thousands): 

Gross Profit (Loss) 
North America 
Asia/Pacific 
Europe 
Latin America 
Other (1) 
Total 

FY 2023 

FY 2022 

FY 2021 

  Amount    
  $  43,580      
18,775      
18,760      
7,735      
(5,161 )  
  $  83,689      

% of Net 
Sales 

    Amount     
38.8 %   $  36,548      
15,728      
31.5 %    
19,215      
30.2 %    
4,340      
26.7 %    
(4,131 )  
31.9 %   $  71,700      

% of Net 
Sales 

    Amount     
37.1 %   $  28,639      
13,520      
31.9 %    
16,958      
29.8 %    
3,405      
34.9 %    
(3,697 )  
31.9 %   $  58,825      

% of Net 
Sales 

38.9 % 
33.1 % 
32.3 % 
35.3 % 

33.2 % 

(1)  Other primarily includes net sales not allocated to a specific geographical region, unabsorbed value-add costs 

and other unallocated expenses. 

25 

 
 
  
   
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
   
   
   
   
 
    
 
    
 
 
 
We sell our products to customers in diversified industries and perform periodic credit evaluations of our 
customers’ financial condition. Terms are generally on open account, payable net 30 days in North America, and vary 
throughout Asia/Pacific, Europe and Latin America. Estimates of credit losses are recorded in the financial statements 
based on monthly reviews of outstanding accounts. 

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses 

Selling, general and administrative expenses (“SG&A”) increased during fiscal 2023 to $58.7 million from 
$55.7 million during fiscal 2022. This increase in SG&A expense from fiscal 2022 was mainly due to higher employee 
compensation  and  travel  expenses,  partially  offset  by  lower  legal  fees  and  a  lower  bad  debt  expense.  SG&A  as a 
percentage of sales decreased to 22.4% during fiscal 2023 as compared to 24.8% during fiscal 2022. 

Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased during fiscal 2022 to $55.7 million from $55.9 million 
during fiscal 2021. However, when considering the non-recurrence of the $1.6 million legal settlement in fiscal 2021, 
the SG&A expense for fiscal 2022 was $1.4 million or 2.6% higher than fiscal 2021. This increase in SG&A expense 
from fiscal 2021 was mainly due to higher employee compensation expenses including incentive expense, partially 
offset by lower legal fees. SG&A as a percentage of sales decreased to 24.8% during fiscal 2022 as compared to 31.6% 
during fiscal 2021. 

Legal Settlement – Fiscal 2021 

On April 2, 2021, as part of a settlement where the Company did not admit liability, Richardson agreed to 
pay Varex Imaging Corporation (“Varex”) $1.6 million to settle alleged counts of patent infringement and claims of 
trade secret misappropriation. This settlement was recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses within the 
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the third quarter of fiscal 2021. 

Other Income/Expense 

Other income was less than $0.1 million during fiscal 2023, compared to an expense of $0.2 million during 
fiscal 2022. Fiscal 2023 had $0.3 million of investment income compared to $0.1 million of investment income for 
fiscal 2022. Our foreign exchange gains and losses are primarily due to the translation of U.S. dollars held in non-U.S. 
entities.  The  foreign exchange loss reported for fiscal 2023 totaled $0.3 million, unchanged from fiscal 2022. We 
currently do not utilize derivative instruments to manage our exposure to foreign currency. 

Income Tax Provision 

Our income tax provision (benefit) during fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021 was $2.7 million, ($2.2 
million) and $0.7 million, respectively. The effective income tax rates during fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021 
were 10.8%, (13.7%) and 28.3%, respectively. The difference between the effective income tax rates as compared to 
the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21.0% during fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021 was primarily driven by the 
impact of valuation allowance changes related to the realizability of our U.S. state and federal net deferred tax assets 
and changes in our geographical distribution of income (loss). In addition, the Company recognized both foreign tax 
and research and development tax credits in fiscal 2023.                        

The Inflation Reduction Act (the "IRA"), signed into law by President Biden on August 16, 2022, has several 
key corporate tax-related provisions, including a 15% creditable book minimum tax on adjusted financial statement 
income (“AFSI”) of applicable corporations, clean energy tax incentives and 1% excise tax on certain corporate stock 
buybacks. The Company did not rise to the level of AFSI to be subject to the 15% creditable book minimal tax. The 
Company did not have a material impact from the IRA. The Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors 
Act of 2022 (the "CHIPS Act") was signed into law by President Biden on August 9, 2022, which created a new 25% 
investment tax credit for qualified property placed in service for semiconductor manufacturing. This production credit 
was not applicable to the Company. 

During  the  fourth  quarter  of  fiscal  2023,  the  Company  recorded  research  and  development  (“R&D”)  tax 
credits of $0.9 million. These credits represent the expected U.S. federal and state credits to be claimed for fiscal 2020 
through fiscal 2023. The Company has not previously recorded any benefit from an R&D tax credit due to the fact 
that the Company did not believe it was economically prudent to pursue these credits in prior years.  

26 

 
For  taxable  years  beginning  after  December  31,  2021,  taxpayers  are  required  to  capitalize  certain  R&D 
expenses and amortize them over five or fifteen years under IRC Section 174. This provision increased our taxable 
income  for  the  year  ended  May  27, 2023,  and  resulted  in  additional  cash  tax  payments for  U.S.  federal  and  state 
income taxes. This provision also generated a deferred tax asset for the year ended May 27, 2023.   

As of May 27, 2023 and May 28, 2022 we  have utilized all net deferred tax assets related to federal  net 
operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards. Net deferred tax assets related to domestic state NOL carryforwards at May 
27, 2023 amounted to approximately $2.1 million, compared to $2.4 million at May 28, 2022. Net deferred tax assets 
related to foreign NOL carryforwards was $0.2 million as of May 27, 2023 compared to $0.4 million as of May 28, 
2022, with various or indefinite expiration dates. We released the valuation allowance and have utilized $1.8 million 
of domestic net deferred tax asset related to foreign tax credit carryforwards as of May 27, 2023.  

We have historically determined that undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries, to the extent of cash 
available, will be repatriated to the U.S. The deferred tax liability on the outside basis difference is now primarily 
withholding tax on future dividend distributions. The deferred tax liability related to undistributed earnings of our 
foreign subsidiaries was less than $0.1 million in both fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022. 

Management assesses the available positive and negative evidence to estimate  if sufficient future taxable 
income will be generated to support a more likely than not assertion that its deferred tax assets will be realized. A 
significant component of objective evidence evaluated was the cumulative income or loss incurred in each jurisdiction 
over the three-year period ended May 27, 2023. We considered other positive evidence in determining the need for a 
valuation allowance in the U.S. including the subpart F and GILTI inclusions of our foreign earnings, the changes in 
our business performance in recent years and the utilization of federal NOLs. The weight of this positive evidence is 
sufficient to outweigh other negative evidence in evaluating our need for a valuation allowance in the U.S. federal 
jurisdiction. As a result of the positive evidence outweighing the negative evidence for the year ended May 28, 2022, 
we released the full valuation allowance on the U.S. federal and state deferred tax items.  In addition, in the year ended 
May 28, 2022, we partially released the valuation allowance on the state NOL deferred tax item, based on the amount 
of the NOLs that management believed it is more likely than not to realize. As of May 27, 2023, we have released 
$1.8  million  of  the  valuation  allowance  on  the  deferred  tax  asset  related  to  foreign  tax  credits  based  on  positive 
evidence that arose during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023 related to the foreign tax credit limitation calculation.   

As of May 27, 2023, a valuation allowance of $1.4 million was recorded, representing the  portion of the 
deferred tax asset that management does not believe is more likely than not to be realized. The valuation allowance as 
of  May  28,  2022  was  $3.5  million.  The  remaining  valuation  allowance  relates  to  state  NOLs  ($0.2  million)  and 
deferred  tax  assets  in  foreign  jurisdictions  where  historical  taxable  losses  have  been  incurred  ($1.3  million).  The 
amount of the deferred tax asset considered realizable, however, could be adjusted if estimates of future taxable income 
during the carryforward period are increased, or if objective negative evidence in the form of cumulative losses is no 
longer present and additional weight may be given to subjective evidence such as our projections for growth. 

Income  taxes  paid,  including  foreign  estimated  tax  payments,  were  $4.8  million,  $1.5  million  and  $0.1 

million, during fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021, respectively. 

In the normal course of business, we are subject to examination by taxing authorities throughout the world. 
Generally, years prior to fiscal 2017 are closed for examination under the statute of limitation for U.S. federal, U.S. 
state  and  local  or  non-U.S.  tax  jurisdictions.  We  were  under  examination  for  fiscal  2015  through  fiscal  2018  in 
Germany. The audit was settled in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2022. In the second quarter of fiscal 2023, the Company 
paid the audit assessment for the fiscal 2015 through fiscal 2018 years. The Company recorded a tax expense of less 
than  $0.1  million  due  to  receiving  the  final  assessment  for  the  German  audit.  The  $0.1  million  of  uncertain  tax 
positions recorded in prior quarters has been fully utilized as of May 27, 2023. Our primary foreign tax jurisdictions 
are Germany and the Netherlands. We have tax years open in Germany beginning in fiscal 2019 and the Netherlands 
beginning in fiscal 2021. 

27 

 
The Company did not record any uncertain tax positions as of May 27, 2023 as compared to $0.1 million as 
of May 28, 2022. The reserve for the German audits was reversed in fiscal 2023. We record penalties and interest 
related  to  uncertain  tax  positions  in  the  income  tax  expense  line  item  within  the  Consolidated  Statements  of 
Comprehensive  Income.  Accrued  interest  and  penalties  were  included  within  the  related  tax  liability  line  in  the 
Consolidated Balance Sheets. We have not recorded a liability for interest and penalties as of May 27, 2023 or May 
28, 2022. 

Liquidity, Financial Position and Capital Resources 

Our operations and cash needs have been primarily financed through income from operations and cash on 

hand. 

Cash and cash equivalents were $25.0 million at May 27, 2023. Cash and cash equivalents by geographic 
area at May 27, 2023 consisted of $8.1 million in North America, $8.6 million in Europe, $1.5 million in Latin America 
and $6.8 million in Asia/Pacific. No funds were repatriated to the United States in fiscal 2023 from our foreign entities. 
Although the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act generally eliminated federal income tax on future cash repatriation to the United 
States, cash repatriation may be  subject  to state and local taxes, withholding or similar taxes. See Note 8, Income 
Taxes, of the notes to our consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for 
further information. 

Cash, cash equivalents and investments were $40.5 million at May 28, 2022. Cash, cash equivalents and 
investments by geographic area at May 28, 2022 consisted of $25.7 million in North America, $6.0 million in Europe, 
$1.5 million in Latin America and $7.3 million in Asia/Pacific. We repatriated a total of $1.5 million to the United 
States in fiscal 2022 from our foreign entities. This amount includes $0.7 million in the first quarter from our entity 
in China, $0.3 million in the second quarter from our entity in Taiwan and $0.5 million in the third quarter from our 
entity in Japan.  

Management  continues  to  monitor  the  global  situation  on  its  financial  condition,  liquidity,  operations, 
suppliers,  industry  and  workforce.  Our  ability  to  predict  and  respond  to  future  changes  resulting  from  the  Covid 
pandemic is uncertain. Even after the Covid pandemic fully subsides, there may be long-term effects on our business 
practices and customers in economies in which we operate that could severely disrupt our operations and could have 
a  material  adverse  effect  on our business,  results  of  operations,  cash  flows  and  financial  condition.  As  we  cannot 
predict the duration, scope or severity of the Covid pandemic, the negative financial impact to our results cannot be 
reasonably estimated and could be material. 

  Based  on  past  performance  and  current  expectations,  we  believe  that  the  existing  sources  of  liquidity, 
including current cash, will provide sufficient resources to meet known capital requirements and working capital needs 
through the next twelve months. Additionally, while our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, 
including, but not limited to, the economy and the outlook for growth in our markets, we believe our existing sources 
of  liquidity  as  well  as  our  ability  to  generate  operating  cash  flows  will  satisfy  our  future  obligations  and  cash 
requirements. 

On March 20, 2023, the Company established a senior, secured revolving credit facility agreement with a 
three-year term in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed $30 million, including a Swingline Loan sub-facility 
and  a  Letter  of  Credit  sub-facility  (collectively,  the  "Revolving  Credit  Facility")  with  PNC  Bank.  The  Revolving 
Credit Facility is guaranteed by the Company's domestic subsidiaries. Proceeds of the borrowings under the Revolving 
Credit Facility are expected to be used for working capital and general corporate purposes of the Company and its 
subsidiaries. As of the date of this report, no amounts were outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility.  

28 

 
Cash Flows from Operating Activities 

Cash flow from operating activities primarily resulted from our net income adjusted for non-cash items and 

changes in our operating assets and liabilities. 

Operating activities utilized $8.2 million of cash during fiscal 2023. We had net income of $22.3 million 
during fiscal 2023, which included non-cash stock-based compensation expense of $0.9 million associated with the 
issuance of stock option awards and restricted stock awards, $0.5 million of inventory provisions and depreciation and 
amortization  expense  of  $3.7  million  associated  with  our  property  and  equipment  as  well  as  amortization  of  our 
intangible assets. Changes in our operating assets and liabilities resulted in a use of cash of $35.5 million during fiscal 
2023, mainly due to an increase in inventories of $30.5 million, a decrease in accounts payable and accrued liabilities 
of $4.4 million and an increase in prepaid expenses of $0.5 million. The majority of the inventory increase was to 
support  our  Electron  tube,  PMG,  Green  Energy  Solutions,  LaFox  manufacturing  and  Healthcare  businesses.  The 
decrease in accounts payable and accrued liabilities was due to revenue recognition and timing. 

Operating activities provided $1.9 million of cash during fiscal 2022. We had net income of $17.9 million 
during fiscal 2022, which included non-cash stock-based compensation expense of $0.7 million associated with the 
issuance of stock option awards and restricted stock awards, $0.5 million of inventory provisions, and depreciation 
and amortization expense of $3.4 million associated with our property and equipment as well as amortization of our 
intangible assets. Changes in our operating assets and liabilities resulted in a use of cash of $16.5 million during fiscal 
2022, primarily due to the increase in inventories of $20.6 million, an increase in accounts receivable of $6.2 million 
and an increase in prepaid expenses of $0.2 million. These uses of cash were partially offset by the increase in our 
accounts payable and accrued liabilities of $10.1 million. The majority of the inventory increase  was to support our 
manufacturing,  Canvys  and  PMG  businesses.  The  increase  in  accounts  receivable  was  primarily  due  to  the  sales 
increase  in  fiscal  2022.  The  increase  in  our  accounts  payable  was  due  to  higher  inventory  levels  to  support  sales 
growth, and the increase in accrued liabilities was due to the higher employee compensation expenses and payroll 
taxes as well as increased deferred revenue. 

Cash Flows from Investing Activities 

The cash flow from investing activities consisted primarily of purchases and maturities of investments and 

capital expenditures. 

Cash used by investing activities of $2.2 million during fiscal 2023 was mainly attributed to $7.4 million in 
capital expenditures with a $5.0 million offset for the maturities of a Certificate of Deposit (CD). Capital expenditures 
were primarily related to our LaFox manufacturing business and facility renovation, IT systems and the Healthcare 
business. 

Cash used by investing activities of $8.1 million during fiscal 2022 was mainly attributed to the $5.0 million 
purchase of a Certificate of Deposit (CD) and $3.1 million in capital expenditures. Capital expenditures were primarily 
related to our manufacturing, Healthcare business and IT systems. 

Our  purchases  and  proceeds  from  investments  consist  of  time  deposits  and  CDs.  Purchasing  of  future 

investments may vary from period to period due to interest and foreign currency exchange rates. 

29 

 
Cash Flows from Financing Activities 

The cash flow from financing activities primarily consists of cash dividends paid. 

Cash provided by financing activities of $0.4 million during fiscal 2023 resulted primarily from the $3.8 
million of proceeds from the issuance of common stock from stock option exercises and the $3.3 million used to pay 
dividends to shareholders. 

Cash used in financing activities of $0.4 million during fiscal 2022 resulted primarily from the $3.2 million 
used to pay dividends to shareholders, partially offset by proceeds from the issuance of common stock from stock 
option exercises. 

All future payments of dividends are at the discretion of the Board of Directors. Dividend payments will 
depend  on  earnings,  capital  requirements,  operating  conditions  and  such  other  factors  that  the  Board  may  deem 
relevant. 

Contractual Obligations 

Contractual obligations are presented in the table below as of May 27, 2023 (in thousands): 

Lease obligations (1) 

  $  1,147     $ 1,393     $  35     $ 

—     $ 

(118 )   $  2,457  

(1)  Lease obligations are related to certain warehouse and office facilities under non-cancelable operating leases 

Less 
than  
1 year 

1 - 3 
years    

4 - 5 
years   

More than 
5 years 

   Less Interest    Total 

as well as financing leases. 

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with United States Generally Accepted Accounting 
Principles (“GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of  the SEC, we make assumptions, judgments and 
estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses and the related disclosures of 
contingent assets and liabilities. Our assumptions, judgments and estimates are based on historical experience and 
various other factors deemed relevant. Actual results could be materially different from those estimates under different 
assumptions or conditions. We evaluate our assumptions, judgments and estimates on a regular basis. We also discuss 
our critical policies and estimates with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors. 

We believe the assumptions, judgments and estimates involved for the following have the greatest potential 

impact on our Consolidated Financial  Statements: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts   

Revenue Recognition  

Inventories, net 

Intangible and Long-Lived Assets 

Loss Contingences 

Income Taxes 

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 

Our allowance for doubtful accounts includes estimated losses that result from uncollectible receivables. The 
estimates are influenced by the following: continuing credit evaluation of customers’ financial conditions; aging of 
receivables,  individually  and  in  the  aggregate;  a  large  number  of  customers  which  are  widely  dispersed  across 
geographic areas; and collectability and delinquency history by geographic area. Significant changes in one or more 
of these considerations may require adjustments affecting net income and net carrying value of accounts receivable.  

30 

 
 
 
 
  
 
Revenue Recognition 

Our  customers  are  generally  not  resellers,  but  rather  businesses  that  incorporate  our  products  into  their 
processes from which they generate an economic benefit. The goods are also distinct in that each item sold to the 
customer  is  clearly  identified  on  both  the  purchase  order  and  resulting  invoice.  Each product  we  sell  benefits  the 
customer independently of the other products. Each item on each purchase order from the customer can be used by 
the customer unrelated to any other products we provide to the customer.    

The Company’s revenue includes the following streams: 

•  Manufacturing/assembly 

• 

• 

Distribution 

Services revenue 

Manufacturing/assembly  typically  includes  the  products  that  are  manufactured  or  assembled  in  our 
manufacturing facility. These products can either be built to the customer’s prints/designs or are products that we 
stock in our warehouse to sell to any customer that places an order. The manufacturing business does not include a 
separate service bundled with the product sold or sold in addition to the product. Our contracts for customized products 
generally include termination provisions if a customer cancels its order. However, we recognize revenue at a point in 
time because the termination provisions normally do not require, upon cancellation, the customer to pay fees that are 
commensurate with the work performed. Each purchase order explicitly states the goods or service that we promise to 
transfer to the customer. The promises to the customer are limited only to those goods or service. The performance 
obligation  is  our  promise  to  deliver  both goods  that  were  produced  by  the  Company  and  resale  of  goods  that  we 
purchase from our suppliers. Our shipping and handling activities for destination shipments are performed prior to the 
customer obtaining control. As such, they are not a separate promised service. The Company elects to  account for 
shipping and handling as activities to fulfill the promise to transfer the goods. The goods we provide to our customers 
are distinct in that our customers benefit from the goods we sell them through use in their own processes.  

Distribution typically includes products purchased from our suppliers, stocked in our warehouses and then 
sold to our customers. The distribution business does not include a separate service bundled with the product sold or 
sold on top of the product. Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods is transferred to our customers, 
which  is  simultaneous  with  the  title  transferring  to  the  customer,  in  an  amount  that  reflects  the  transaction  price 
consideration that we expect to receive in exchange for those goods. Control refers to the ability of the customer to 
direct  the  use  of,  and  obtain  substantially  all  of,  the  remaining  benefits  from  the  goods.  Our  transaction  price 
consideration is fixed, unless otherwise disclosed below as variable consideration. Generally,  our contracts require 
our customers to pay for goods after we deliver products to them. Terms are generally on open account, payable net 
30 days in North America, and vary throughout Asia/Pacific, Europe and Latin America subject to customary credit 
checks. 

Repair, installation or training activities generate services revenue. The services we provide are relatively 
short in duration and are typically completed in one or two weeks. Therefore, at each reporting date, the amount of 
unbilled work is insignificant. The services revenue has consistently accounted for less than 5% of the Company’s 
total revenues and is expected to continue at that level. 

Inventories, net 

Our  consolidated  inventories  are  stated  at  the  lower  of  cost  and  net  realizable  value,  generally  using  a 

weighted-average cost method. Our net inventories include finished goods, raw materials and work-in-progress. 

We  do not anticipate  any material risks or uncertainties related to possible future inventory write-downs. 
Provisions  for  obsolete  or  slow-moving  inventories  are  recorded  based  upon  regular  analysis  of  stock  rotation 
privileges, obsolescence, the exiting of certain markets and assumptions about future demand and market conditions. 
If  future  demand  changes  in  an  industry  or  market  conditions  differ  from  management’s  estimates,  additional 
provisions may be necessary. 

31 

 
  
                      
                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
Intangible and Long-Lived Assets 

 Our  intangible  assets  represent  the  fair  value  for  trade  name,  customer  relationships,  non-compete 
agreements and technology acquired in connection with the  acquisitions. Intangible assets are initially recorded at 
their fair market values determined by quoted market prices in active markets, if available, or recognized valuation 
models. 

We  review  property  and  equipment,  definite-lived  intangible  assets  and  other  long-lived  assets  for 
impairment whenever adverse events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of such assets 
may not be recoverable. We conduct annual reviews for idle and underutilized equipment and review business plans 
for possible impairment. If adverse events do occur, our impairment review is based on an undiscounted cash flow 
analysis at the lowest level at which cash flows of the long-lived assets are largely independent of other groups of our 
assets  and  liabilities.  This  analysis  requires  management  judgment  with  respect  to  changes  in  technology,  the 
continued success of product lines and future volume, revenue and expense growth rates.   

Loss Contingencies 

We  accrue  a  liability for loss contingencies when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the 
amount can be reasonably estimated. When only a range of possible loss can be established, the most probable amount 
in the range is accrued. If no amount within this range is a better estimate than any other amount within the range, the 
minimum amount in the range is accrued. If we determine that there is at least a reasonable possibility that a loss may 
have been incurred, we will include a disclosure describing the contingency. 

Income Taxes 

We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the differences between financial statement carrying 
amounts and the tax bases of assets and liabilities. We regularly review our deferred tax assets for recoverability and 
determine  the  need  for  a  valuation  allowance  based  on  a  number  of  factors,  including both  positive  and  negative 
evidence. These factors include historical taxable income or loss, projected future taxable income or loss, the expected 
timing  of  the  reversals  of  existing  temporary  differences  and  the  implementation  of  tax  planning  strategies.  In 
circumstances  where  we,  or  any  of our  affiliates,  have  incurred  three  years  of  cumulative  losses  which  constitute 
significant negative evidence, positive evidence of equal or greater significance is needed to overcome the negative 
evidence before a tax benefit is recognized for deductible temporary differences and loss carryforwards. 

 New Accounting Pronouncements 

In  June  2016,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  No.  2016-13,  Financial  Instruments  -  Credit  Losses  (Topic  326): 
Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. ASU 2016-13 (as amended by ASU 2018-19, ASU 2019-04, 
ASU  2019-05,  ASU  2019-10,  ASU  2019-11  and  2020-02)  introduces  a  new  forward-looking  approach,  based  on 
expected losses, to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments, including trade receivables. The 
estimate of expected credit losses will require entities to incorporate considerations of historical information, current 
information and reasonable and supportable forecasts. This ASU also expands the disclosure requirements to enable 
users  of  financial  statements to  understand  the  entity’s  assumptions,  models  and methods  for  estimating  expected 
credit losses. The new standard is effective for smaller reporting companies for fiscal years, and interim periods within 
those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2022. Early adoption is permitted. The Company will adopt in the 
first quarter of fiscal 2024 and the expected impact on the consolidated financial statements is not material. 

32 

 
ITEM 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk 

Risk Management and Market Sensitive Financial Instruments 

We are exposed to many different market risks with the various industries we serve. The primary financial 
risk  we  are  exposed  to  is  foreign  currency  exchange,  as  certain  operations,  assets  and  liabilities  of  ours  are 
denominated in foreign currencies. We manage these risks through normal operating and financing activities. 

Foreign Currency Exposure 

Even though we take into account current foreign currency exchange rates at the time an order is taken, our 
financial statements, denominated in a non-U.S. functional currency, are subject to foreign exchange rate fluctuations. 

Our foreign denominated assets and liabilities are cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, inventory, 
accounts payable and intercompany receivables and payables, as we conduct business in countries of the European 
Union, Asia/Pacific and, to a lesser extent, Canada and Latin America. We do manage foreign exchange exposures by 
using currency clauses in certain sales contracts and we also have local debt to offset asset exposures. We have not 
used any derivative instruments nor entered into any forward contracts in fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022 or fiscal 2021. 

Had the U.S. dollar changed unfavorably 10% against various foreign currencies, foreign denominated net 
sales would have been lower by an estimated $12.2 million during fiscal 2023, an estimated $12.1 million during fiscal 
2022 and an estimated $10.0 million during fiscal 2021. Total assets would have declined by an estimated $4.3 million 
as of the fiscal year ended May 27, 2023 and an estimated $4.2 million as of the fiscal year ended May 28, 2022, while 
the total liabilities would have decreased by an estimated $1.1 million as of the fiscal year ended May 27, 2023 and 
an estimated $1.0 million as of the fiscal year ended May 28, 2022. 

The interpretation and analysis of these disclosures should not be considered in isolation since such variances 
in exchange rates would likely influence other economic factors. Such factors, which are not readily quantifiable, 
would likely also affect our operations. Additional disclosure regarding various market risks is set forth in Part I, Item 
1A, Risk Factors, of our Annual Report on this Form 10-K. 

ITEM 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 

33 

 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 

Board of Directors and Stockholders 
Richardson Electronics, Ltd. 
LaFox, Illinois 

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Richardson Electronics, Ltd. (the “Company”) as 
of  May  27, 2023  and  May  28,  2022,  the  related  consolidated  statements  of  comprehensive  income,  stockholders’ 
equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended May 27, 2023, and the related notes (collectively 
referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present 
fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at May 27, 2023 and May 28, 2022, and the 
results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended May 27, 2023, in conformity 
with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. 

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United 
States) (“PCAOB”), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of May 27, 2023, based on criteria 
established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations 
of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) and our report dated July 31, 2023 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon. 

Basis for Opinion 

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to 
express  an  opinion  on  the  Company’s  consolidated  financial  statements  based  on  our  audits.  We  are  a  public 
accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and 
are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and 
the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and 
perform  the  audit  to  obtain  reasonable  assurance  about  whether  the  consolidated  financial  statements  are  free  of 
material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud.  

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial 
statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures 
included  examining,  on  a  test  basis,  evidence  regarding  the  amounts  and  disclosures  in  the  consolidated financial 
statements.  Our  audits  also  included  evaluating  the  accounting  principles  used  and  significant  estimates  made  by 
management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that 
our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. 

Critical Audit Matter 

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated 
financial  statements  that  was  communicated or  required  to be  communicated  to  the  audit  committee  and  that:  (1) 
relates  to  accounts  or  disclosures  that  are  material  to  the  consolidated  financial  statements  and  (2)  involved  our 
especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter 
in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating 
the  critical  audit  matter  below,  providing  a  separate  opinion  on  the  critical  audit  matter  or  on  the  accounts  or 
disclosures to which it relates.   

34 

 
 Estimation of Inventory Reserve - Power and Microwave Technologies ("PMT") Group  

 As described in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements, the consolidated inventory balance as of May 27, 
2023 was $110.4 million, net of $5.9 million in reserves. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable 
value. Provisions for obsolete or slow-moving inventories are based upon regular analysis of stock rotation privileges, 
obsolescence, the exiting of certain markets and assumptions about future demand and market conditions. A number 
of products in the PMT segment represent trailing edge technology. PMT often buys products ahead of supplier price 
increases and extended lead times which can create higher levels of inventory. As technologies evolve and customers 
replace their equipment, the market for and resulting net realizable value of PMT's products may decline. 

 We have identified the Company's estimation of inventory reserve for the PMT segment as a critical audit matter due 
to the significant judgments required by management in estimating net realizable value for certain inventory items. 
The  Company's  estimation  of  its’  inventory  reserve,  performed  on  an  item-by-item  basis,  requires  inputs  from 
operations personnel and an assessment of current market conditions and future industry trends, which can be difficult 
to  predict  given  evolving  technologies  and  the  declining market for  some products.  Auditing  this  matter  involved 
especially  challenging  auditor  judgment  due  to  the  nature  and  extent  of  audit  effort  needed  to  evaluate  the 
reasonableness of the assumptions and judgments made by management.   

The primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included:  

• 

• 

• 

Testing the design, implementation, and operating effectiveness of controls over the development of the 
Company’s estimation of inventory reserve. 

Assessing the reasonableness of management's estimate by (i) inquiring of operations personnel as to their 
assessment as to viability of aged and slow-moving inventory, (ii) evaluating historical customer ordering 
trends and current uses, and (iii) for certain products, evaluating stock rotation privileges. 

Evaluating the reasonableness of management's estimates by performing a retrospective comparison of 
prior  period  inventory  on  hand  for  certain  products  to  current  period  sales,  write-offs,  and  inventory 
consumption.  

/s/BDO USA, P.A. 

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2015. 

Chicago, Illinois 

July 31, 2023 

35 

 
 
Richardson Electronics, Ltd.  
Consolidated Balance Sheets 
(in thousands, except per share amounts) 

  May 27, 2023     May 28, 2022   

Assets 

Current assets: 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Accounts receivable, less allowance of $191 and $186, respectively 
Inventories, net 
Prepaid expenses and other assets 
Investments - current 

  $ 

Total current assets 

Non-current assets: 

Property, plant and equipment, net 
Intangible assets, net 
Lease ROU asset 
Non-current deferred income taxes 
Other non-current assets 

Total non-current assets 

Total assets 
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity 

Current liabilities: 
Accounts payable 
Accrued liabilities 
Lease liability current 

Total current liabilities 

Non-current liabilities: 

Non-current deferred income tax liabilities 
Lease liability non-current 
Other non-current liabilities 

Total non-current liabilities 
Total liabilities 

Stockholders’ Equity 

  $ 

  $ 

24,981     $ 
30,067      
110,402      
2,633      
—      
168,083      

20,823      
1,892      
2,457      
4,526      
267      
29,965      
198,048     $ 

23,535     $ 
12,026      
1,028      
36,589      

98      
1,429      
612      
2,139      
38,728      

35,495  
29,878  
80,390  
2,448  
5,000  
153,211  

16,961  
2,010  
3,239  
4,398  
—  
26,608  
179,819  

23,987  
16,110  
1,109  
41,206  

85  
1,915  
766  
2,766  
43,972  

Common stock, $0.05 par value; issued and outstanding 12,140 shares 
   at May 27, 2023 and 11,649 shares at May 28, 2022 
Class B common stock, convertible, $0.05 par value; issued and 
   outstanding 2,052 shares at May 27, 2023 and 2,053 shares at  
   May 28, 2022 
Preferred stock, $1.00 par value, no shares issued and outstanding 
Additional paid-in-capital 
Retained earnings 
Accumulated other comprehensive income 
Total stockholders’ equity 

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity 

  $ 

607      

582  

103      
—      
70,951      
87,044      
615      
159,320      
198,048     $ 

103  
—  
66,331  
68,031  
800  
135,847  
179,819  

36 

 
 
 
   
     
 
 
    
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
    
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
    
   
 
    
   
   
   
   
 
    
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
    
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
Richardson Electronics, Ltd. 
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income   
(in thousands, except per share amounts) 

Net sales 
Cost of sales 

Gross profit 

Selling, general and administrative expenses 
(Gain) loss on disposal of assets 

Operating income 
Other (income) expense: 

Investment/interest income 
Foreign exchange loss 
Other, net 

Total other (income) expense 

Income before income taxes 
Income tax provision (benefit) 

Net income 

Foreign currency translation (loss) gain, net of tax 
Comprehensive income 

Net income per share: 
Common shares - Basic 
Class B common shares - Basic 
Common shares - Diluted 
Class B common shares - Diluted 

Weighted average number of shares: 
Common shares - Basic 
Class B common shares - Basic 
Common shares - Diluted 
Class B common shares - Diluted 

Dividends per share: 
Dividends per common share 
Dividends per Class B common share 

Fiscal Year Ended 
  May 27, 2023    May 28, 2022    May 29, 2021   
176,937  
  $ 
118,112  
58,825  
55,925  
13  
2,887  

224,620     $ 
152,920      
71,700      
55,723      
20      
15,957      

262,658     $ 
178,969      
83,689      
58,713      
(7 )    
24,983      

  $ 

  $ 

(295 )    
278      
(30 )    
(47 )    
25,030      
2,697      
22,333      
(185 )    
22,148     $ 

1.62     $ 
1.46      
1.55      
1.40      

(80 )    
273      
5      
198      
15,759      
(2,168 )    
17,927      
(4,093 )    
13,834     $ 

1.35     $ 
1.21      
1.31      
1.18      

(76 ) 
759  
(104 ) 
579  
2,308  
653  
1,655  
3,403  
5,058  

0.13  
0.11  
0.13  
0.11  

11,943      
2,052      
12,542      
2,052      

11,395      
2,080      
11,825      
2,080      

11,105  
2,097  
11,164  
2,097  

  $ 

0.24     $ 
0.22      

0.24     $ 
0.22      

0.24  
0.22  

37 

 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
 
    
    
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
    
    
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
    
    
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
    
    
   
   
 
Richardson Electronics, Ltd. 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 
(in thousands) 

Fiscal Year Ended 
  May 27, 2023    May 28, 2022    May 29, 2021   

  $ 

22,333     $ 

17,927     $ 

1,655  

Operating activities: 
Net income 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash 
    (used in) provided by operating activities: 

Depreciation and amortization 
Inventory provisions 
(Gain) loss on disposal of assets 
Share-based compensation expense 
Deferred income taxes 

Change in assets and liabilities: 

Accounts receivable 
Inventories 
Prepaid expenses and other assets 
Accounts payable 
Accrued liabilities 
Other 

Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities 

Investing activities: 

Capital expenditures 
Proceeds from the sale of assets 
Proceeds from maturity of investments 
Purchases of investments 

Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities 

Financing activities: 

Proceeds from issuance of common stock 
Cash dividends paid on Common and Class B Common shares    
Other 

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents     

 (Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period 

  $ 

Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information: 

Cash paid during the fiscal year for: 

3,671      
466      
(7 )    
936      
(138 )    

(363 )    
(30,452 )    
(519 )    
(439 )    
(4,006 )    
319      
(8,199 )    

(7,378 )    
194      
5,000      
—      
(2,184 )    

3,778      
(3,320 )    
(69 )    
389      
(520 )    
(10,514 )    
35,495      
24,981     $ 

3,423      
462      
20      
654      
(4,042 )    

(6,183 )    
(20,571 )    
(228 )    
7,671      
2,420      
358      
1,911      

(3,120 )    
—      
—      
(5,000 )    
(8,120 )    

2,992      
(3,193 )    
(151 )    
(352 )    
(1,260 )    
(7,821 )    
43,316      
35,495     $ 

3,424  
1,041  
13  
675  
(1 ) 

(4,198 ) 
(4,861 ) 
103  
(565 ) 
3,572  
(26 ) 
832  

(2,632 ) 
—  
25,000  
(9,000 ) 
13,368  

289  
(3,122 ) 
(181 ) 
(3,014 ) 
1,595  
12,781  
30,535  
43,316  

Income taxes 

  $ 

4,807     $ 

1,484     $ 

106  

38 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
    
   
 
    
    
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
    
    
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
    
    
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
    
    
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
    
    
   
 
    
    
   
 
    
    
   
 
Richardson Electronics, Ltd. 
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity 
(in thousands, except per share amounts) 

Class B 
Common   

Par 
Value    

Additional 
Paid In 
Capital 

Retained 
Earnings   

Accumulated 
Other 
Comprehensive 
Income 

   Total 

2,097   $ 

657   $ 

61,749   $  54,764   $ 

1,490   $ 118,660  

 Common   
   11,038    

—    
—    

—    
—    

49    
73    

—    
—    

—    
—    

—    
—    

—    
—    

—    
—    

2    
4    

—    
—    

1,655    
—    

—    
3,403    

1,655  
3,403  

483    
192    

287    
(4 )   

—    
—    

—    
—    

—    
—    

—    
—    

483  
192  

289  
—  

—    
—    
   11,160    

—    
—    
2,097   $ 

—    
—    
663   $ 

—    
—    

(2,669 )   
(453 )   

62,707   $  53,297   $ 

—    
—    

(2,669 ) 
(453 ) 
4,893   $ 121,560  

—    
—    

—    
—    

373    
72    

—    
—    

—    
—    

—    
—    

44    

(44 )   

—    
—    

—    
—    

18    
4    

—    

—    
—    
   11,649    

—    
—    
2,053   $ 

—    
—    
685   $ 

—    
—    

—    
—    

441    
49    

1    

—    
—    

—    
—    

—    
—    

(1 )   

—    
—    

—    
—    

23    
2    

—    

—     17,927    
—    
—    

—     17,927  
(4,093 ) 

(4,093 )   

444    
210    

2,974    
(4 )   

—    

—    
—    

—    
—    

—    
—    

—    

(2,745 )   
(448 )   

66,331   $  68,031   $ 

—     22,333    
—    
—    

542    
394    

3,755    
(71 )   

—    

—    
—    

—    
—    

—    
—    

—    

(2,877 )   
(443 )   

70,951   $  87,044   $ 

—    
—    

—    
—    

—    

444  
210  

2,992  
—  

—  

—    
—    

(2,745 ) 
(448 ) 
800   $ 135,847  

—     22,333  
(185 ) 

(185 )   

—    
—    

—    
—    

—    

542  
394  

3,778  
(69 ) 

—  

—    
—    

(2,877 ) 
(443 ) 
615   $ 159,320  

Balance May 30, 2020 
Comprehensive income 

Net income 
Foreign currency translation 

Share-based compensation: 

Restricted stock 
Stock options 
Common stock: 

Options exercised 
Restricted stock issuance 

Dividends paid to: 

Common ($0.24 per share) 
Class B ($0.22 per share) 

Balance May 29, 2021 
Comprehensive income 

Net income 
Foreign currency translation 

Share-based compensation: 

Restricted stock 
Stock options 
Common stock: 

Options exercised 
Restricted stock issuance 
Class B converted to 
Common 

Dividends paid to: 

Common ($0.24 per share) 
Class B ($0.22 per share) 

Balance May 28. 2022 
Comprehensive income 

Net income 
Foreign currency translation 

Share-based compensation: 

Restricted stock 
Stock options 
Common stock: 

Options exercised 
Restricted stock issuance 
Class B converted to 
Common 

Dividends paid to: 

Common ($0.24 per share) 
Class B ($0.22 per share) 

Balance May 27, 2023 

—    
—    
   12,140    

—    
—    
2,052   $ 

—    
—    
710   $ 

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Richardson Electronics, Ltd.  
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 

1. 

DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPANY 

Richardson Electronics, Ltd. (the "Company", "we", "our") is a leading global manufacturer of engineered 
solutions,  power  grid  and  microwave  tubes  and  related  consumables;  power  conversion  and  RF  and  microwave 
components;  high-value  replacement  parts,  tubes  and  service  training  for  diagnostic  imaging  equipment;  and 
customized  display  solutions.  Nearly  60%  of  our  products  are  manufactured  in  LaFox,  Illinois,  Marlborough, 
Massachusetts or Donaueschingen, Germany, or by one of our manufacturing partners throughout the world. All our 
partners  manufacture  to  our  strict  specifications  and  per  our  supplier  code  of  conduct. We  serve  customers  in  the 
alternative energy, healthcare, aviation, broadcast, communications, industrial, marine, medical, military, scientific 
and semiconductor markets. The Company’s strategy is to provide specialized technical expertise and “engineered 
solutions” based on our core engineering and manufacturing capabilities. The Company provides solutions and adds 
value  through  design-in  support,  systems  integration,  prototype  design  and  manufacturing,  testing,  logistics  and 
aftermarket technical service and repair through its global infrastructure. 

Our  products  include  electron  tubes  and  related  components,  microwave  generators,  subsystems  used  in 
semiconductor manufacturing and visual technology solutions. These products are used to control, switch or amplify 
electrical  power  signals,  or  are  used  as  display  devices  in  a  variety  of  industrial,  commercial,  medical  and 
communication applications. 

The Company began reporting the results for its new Green Energy Solutions ("GES") segment in the first 
quarter of fiscal 2023 due to its focus on power applications that support the green energy market. The GES segment 
has been carved out of our existing Power and Microwave Technologies (“PMT”) segment. Accordingly, the Company 
is reporting its financial performance based on four operating and reportable segments. The results for fiscal 2022 and 
fiscal 2021 presented herein were adjusted to reflect the presentation of the new GES segment separately from the 
PMT segment. 

The  Company's  four  operating  and  reportable  segments  for  fiscal  2023,  fiscal  2022  and  fiscal  2021  are 

defined as follows: 

Power and Microwave Technologies combines our core engineered solutions capabilities, power grid and 
microwave tube business with new disruptive RF,  Wireless and Power technologies. As a designer, manufacturer, 
technology  partner  and  authorized  distributor,  PMT’s  strategy  is  to  provide  specialized  technical  expertise  and 
engineered  solutions  based  on  our core  engineering  and  manufacturing capabilities  on  a  global  basis.  We  provide 
solutions and add value through design-in support, systems integration, prototype design and manufacturing, testing, 
logistics and aftermarket technical service and repair—all through our existing global infrastructure. PMT’s focus is 
on products for power, RF and microwave applications for customers in 5G, aviation, broadcast, communications, 
industrial,  marine,  medical,  military,  scientific  and  semiconductor  markets.  PMT  focuses  on  various  applications 
including broadcast transmission, CO2 laser cutting, diagnostic imaging, dielectric and induction heating, high energy 
transfer,  high  voltage  switching,  plasma,  power  conversion,  radar  and  radiation  oncology.  PMT  also  offers  its 
customers technical services for both microwave and industrial equipment. 

Green  Energy  Solutions  combines  our  key  technology  partners  and  engineered  solutions  capabilities  to 
design  and  manufacture  innovative  products  for  the  fast-growing  energy  storage  market  and  power  management 
applications. As a designer, manufacturer, technology partner and authorized distributor, GES’s strategy is to provide 
specialized  technical  expertise  and  engineered  solutions  using  our  core  design  engineering  and  manufacturing 
capabilities on a global basis. We provide solutions and add value through design-in support, systems integration, 
prototype design and manufacturing, testing, logistics and aftermarket technical service and repair—all through our 
existing global infrastructure. GES’s focus is on products for numerous green energy applications such as wind, solar, 
hydrogen  and  Electric  Vehicles,  and  other  power  management  applications  that  support  green  solutions  such  as 
synthetic diamond manufacturing. 

40 

 
Canvys  provides  customized  display  solutions  serving  the  corporate  enterprise,  financial,  healthcare, 
industrial  and  medical  original  equipment  manufacturers  markets.  Our  engineers  design,  manufacture,  source  and 
support a full spectrum of solutions to match the needs of our customers. We offer long term availability and proven 
custom  display  solutions  that  include  touch  screens,  protective  panels,  custom  enclosures,  All-In-One  computers, 
specialized cabinet finishes and application specific software  packages and certification services.  We partner with 
both private label manufacturing companies and leading branded hardware vendors to offer the highest quality display 
and touch solutions and customized computing platforms. 

Healthcare manufactures, repairs, refurbishes and distributes high value replacement parts and equipment for 
the  healthcare  market  including  hospitals,  medical  centers,  asset  management  companies,  independent  service 
organizations and multi-vendor service providers. Products include diagnostic imaging replacement parts for CT and 
MRI systems; replacement CT and MRI tubes; CT service training; MRI coils, cold heads and RF amplifiers; hydrogen 
thyratrons, klystrons, magnetrons; flat panel detector upgrades; pre-owned CT systems; and additional replacement 
solutions currently under development for the diagnostic imaging service market. Through a combination of newly 
developed products and partnerships, service offerings and training programs, we believe we can help our customers 
improve efficiency while lowering the cost of healthcare delivery. 

We  currently  have  operations  in  the  following  major  geographic  regions:  North  America,  Asia/Pacific, 

Europe and Latin America. 

Customer Concentration: One customer represented 20 percent of our total accounts receivable balance as 
of May 27, 2023. No one customer represented more than 10 percent of our total accounts receivable balance as of 
May 28, 2022. Sales to one customer in our PMT segment totaling $31.2 million accounted for 12 percent of the 
Company’s consolidated net sales in fiscal 2023. No one customer represented more than 10 percent the consolidated 
net sales in fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021.   

Supplier Concentration: One of our suppliers represented 11 percent of our total cost of sales in fiscal 2023, 
11 percent in fiscal 2022 and 15 percent in fiscal 2021. The amount owed to this supplier was approximately $0.2 
million as of May 27, 2023 and $1.4 million as of May 28, 2022. 

2. 

BASIS OF PRESENTATION 

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP for 
all  fiscal  years  presented.  The  consolidated  financial  statements  include  our  wholly  owned  subsidiaries.  All 
intercompany transactions and account balances have been eliminated in consolidation. 

The Company began reporting the results for its new Green Energy Solutions ("GES") segment in the first 
quarter of fiscal 2023 due to its focus on power applications that support the green energy market. The GES segment 
has been carved out of our existing Power and Microwave Technologies (“PMT”) segment. Accordingly, the Company 
is reporting its financial performance based on four operating and reportable segments. The results for fiscal 2022 and 
fiscal 2021 presented herein were adjusted to reflect the presentation of the new GES segment separately from the 
PMT segment. 

Our fiscal year 2023 began on May 29, 2022 and ended on May 27, 2023, our fiscal year 2022 began on May 
30, 2021 and ended on May 28, 2022 and our fiscal year 2021 began on May 31, 2020 and ended on May 29, 2021.  
Unless otherwise noted, all references to a particular year in this document shall mean the fiscal year for such period. 

3. 

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND DISCLOSURES 

Use of Estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management 
to make significant estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure 
of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and 
expenses  during  the  reporting  period.  Management  continuously  evaluates  its  critical  accounting  policies  and 
estimates,  including  the  allowance  for  doubtful  accounts,  revenue  recognition,  inventory  obsolescence,  intangible 
assets, loss contingencies and income taxes. Management bases the estimates on historical experience and on various 
other assumptions believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, however, actual results could differ from those 
estimates. 

41 

 
Reclassifications:  Certain  prior  period  amounts  have  been  reclassified  to  conform  to  the  current  period 

reporting classifications. The reclassifications had no effect on previously reported net income or cash flows. 

Fair Values of Financial Instruments: The fair values of financial instruments are determined based on 
quoted market prices and market interest rates as of the end of the reporting period. Our financial instruments include 
investments,  accounts  receivable,  accounts  payable  and  accrued  liabilities.  The  fair  values  of  these  financial 
instruments approximate carrying values at May 27, 2023 and May 28, 2022. 

Cash and Cash Equivalents: We consider short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible 
to known amounts of cash, and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because 
of changes in interest rates, and that have a maturity of three months or less, when purchased, to be cash equivalents. 
The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheet for cash and cash equivalents approximate the fair market value 
of these assets. 

Allowance  for  Doubtful  Accounts:  Our  allowance  for  doubtful  accounts  includes  estimated  losses  that 
result from uncollectible receivables. The estimates are influenced by the following: continuing credit evaluation of 
customers’ financial conditions; aging of receivables, individually and in the aggregate; a large number of customers 
which are widely dispersed across geographic areas; and collectability and delinquency history by geographic area. 
Significant  changes  in  one  or  more of  these  considerations  may  require  adjustments  affecting  net  income  and  net 
carrying value of accounts receivable. The allowance for doubtful accounts was approximately $0.2 million as of May 
27, 2023 and $0.2 million as of May 28, 2022. 

Loss Contingencies: We accrue a liability for loss contingencies when it is probable that a liability has been 
incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. When only a range of possible loss can be established, the most 
probable amount in the range is accrued. If no amount within this range is a better estimate than any other amount 
within the range, the minimum amount in the  range  is accrued. If we  determine that there is at least a reasonable 
possibility that a loss may have been incurred, we will include a disclosure describing the contingency. 

Revenue Recognition: Our customers are generally not resellers, but rather businesses that incorporate our 
products into their processes from which they generate an economic benefit. The goods are also distinct in that each 
item sold to the customer is clearly identified on both the purchase order and resulting invoice. Each product we sell 
benefits the customer independently of the other products. Each item on each purchase order from the customer can 
be used by the customer unrelated to any other products we provide to the customer. 

The Company’s revenue includes the following streams: 

•  Manufacturing /assembly 

•  Distribution 

•  Services revenue 

 Manufacturing/assembly  typically  includes  the  products  that  are  manufactured  or  assembled  in  our 
manufacturing facility. These products can either be built to the customer’s prints/designs or are products that we 
stock in our warehouse to sell to any customer that places an order. The manufacturing business does not include a 
separate service bundled with the product sold or sold in addition to the product. Our contracts for customized products 
generally include termination provisions if a customer cancels its order. However, we recognize revenue at a point in 
time because the termination provisions normally do not require, upon cancellation, the customer to pay fees that are 
commensurate with the work performed. Each purchase order explicitly states the goods or service that we promise to 
transfer to the customer. The promises to the customer are limited only to those goods or service. The performance 
obligation  is  our  promise  to  deliver  both goods  that  were  produced  by  the  Company  and  resale  of  goods  that  we 
purchase from our suppliers. Our shipping and handling activities for destination shipments are performed prior to the 
customer obtaining control. As such, they are not a separate promised service. The Company elects to account for 
shipping and handling as activities to fulfill the promise to transfer the goods. The goods we provide to our customers 
are distinct in that our customers benefit from the goods we sell them through use in their own processes.  

Distribution typically includes products purchased from our suppliers, stocked in our warehouses and then 
sold to our customers. The distribution business does not include a separate service bundled with the product sold or 
sold on top of the product. Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods is transferred to our customers, 

42 

 
which  is  simultaneous  with  the  title  transferring  to  the  customer,  in  an  amount  that  reflects  the  transaction  price 
consideration that we expect to receive in exchange for those goods. Control refers to the ability of the customer to 
direct  the  use  of,  and  obtain  substantially  all  of,  the  remaining  benefits  from  the  goods.  Our  transaction  price 
consideration is fixed, unless otherwise disclosed below as variable consideration. Generally, our contracts require 
our customers to pay for goods after we deliver products to them. Terms are generally on open account, payable net 
30 days in North America, and vary throughout Asia/Pacific, Europe and Latin America subject to customary credit 
checks. 

Repair, installation or training activities generate services revenue. The services we provide are relatively 
short in duration and are typically completed in one or two weeks. Therefore, at each reporting date, the amount of 
unbilled work is insignificant. The services revenue  has consistently accounted for less than 5% of the Company’s 
total revenues and is expected to continue at that level. 

We record discounts taken based on historical experience. The policy varies by business unit. The Company 
allows returns with prior written authorization. We estimate  returns based on historical experience. The Company 
maintains  a  reserve  for  returns  based  on  historical  trends  that  covers  all  contracts  and  revenue  streams  using  the 
expected value method because we have a large number of contracts with similar characteristics, which is considered 
variable consideration. The reserve for returns creates a refund liability on our balance sheet as a contra trade accounts 
receivable as well as an asset in inventory. We value the inventory at cost due to there being minimal or no costs to 
the Company as we generally require the customer to pay freight and we typically do not have costs associated with 
activities such as relabeling or repackaging. The reserve is considered immaterial at each balance sheet date. Returns 
for  defective  product  are  typically  covered  by  our  suppliers’  warranty,  thus,  returns  for  defective  product  are  not 
factored into our reserve. 

Principal versus agent guidance was considered for customized products that are provided by our suppliers 
versus manufactured by the Company. The Company acts as the principal as we are responsible for satisfying the 
performance obligation. We have primary responsibility for fulfilling the contract, we have inventory risk prior to 
delivery to our customer, we establish prices, our consideration is not in the form of a commission and we bear the 
credit risk. The Company recognizes revenue in the gross amount of consideration. 

Contracts with customers 

A revenue contract exists once a customer purchase order is received, reviewed and accepted. Each accepted 
purchase order identifies a distinct good or service as the performance obligation. The goods include standard products 
purchased from a supplier and stocked on our shelves, customized products purchased from a supplier, products that 
are customized or have value added to them in house prior to shipping to the customer and manufactured products. 
Prior to accepting a customer purchase order, we review the credit worthiness of the customer. Purchase orders are 
deemed to meet the collectability criterion once the customer’s credit is approved. The Company receives advance 
payments  or  deposits  from  our  customers  before  revenue  is  recognized  resulting  in  contract  liabilities.  Contract 
liabilities are included in accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. 

Contract Liabilities: Contract liabilities and revenue recognized were as follows (in thousands): 

Balance May 29, 2021 
     Additions 
     Revenue recognized 
Balance May 28, 2022 
     Additions 
     Revenue recognized 
Balance May 27, 2023 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

3,313  
6,917  
(5,264 ) 
4,966  
4,293  
(5,976 ) 
3,283  

See Note 10, Segment and Geographic Information, for a disaggregation of revenue by reportable segment 
and geographic region, which represents how our chief operating decision maker reviews information internally to 
evaluate our financial performance and to make resource allocation and other decisions for the Company. 

43 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign Currency Translation: The functional currency is the local currency at all foreign locations, with 
the exception of Hong Kong, where the functional currency is the U.S. dollar. Balance sheet items for our foreign 
entities, included in our consolidated balance sheets, are translated into U.S. dollars at end-of-period spot rates. Gains 
and  losses  resulting  from  translation  of  foreign  subsidiary  financial  statements  are  credited  or  charged  directly  to 
accumulated other comprehensive income, a component of stockholders’ equity. Revenues and expenses are translated 
at the current rate on the date of the transaction. Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are 
included in income. Foreign exchange loss reflected in our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income were 
$0.3 million, $0.3 million and $0.8 million during fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021, respectively. 

Shipping and Handling Fees and Costs: Shipping and handling costs billed to customers are reported as 

revenue and the related costs are reported as a component of cost of sales. 

Inventories,  net:  Our  consolidated  inventories  are  stated  at  the  lower  of  cost  and  net  realizable  value, 
generally using a weighted-average cost method. Our net inventories include approximately $93.4 million of finished 
goods,  $11.8  million  of  raw  materials  and  $5.2  million  of  work-in-progress  as  of  May  27,  2023  as  compared  to 
approximately $66.6 million of finished goods, $8.0 million of raw materials and $5.8 million of work-in-progress as 
of May 28, 2022. The inventory reserve as of May 27, 2023 was $5.9 million compared to $6.1 million as of May 28, 
2022.  

Provisions for obsolete or slow-moving inventories are recorded based upon regular analysis of stock rotation 
privileges, obsolescence, the exiting of certain markets and assumptions about future demand and market conditions. 
If  future  demand  changes  in  the  industry  or  market  conditions  differ  from  management’s  estimates,  additional 
provisions may be necessary. 

We recorded provisions to our inventory reserves of $0.5 million, $0.5 million and $1.0 million during fiscal 
2023, fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021, respectively, which were included in cost of sales. The provisions were primarily 
for obsolete and slow-moving parts. The parts were written down to estimated realizable value. 

Income Taxes: We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the differences between financial 
statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of assets and liabilities. We regularly review our deferred tax assets for 
recoverability and determine the need for a valuation allowance based on a number of factors, including both positive 
and negative evidence. These factors include historical taxable income or loss, projected future taxable income or loss, 
the  expected  timing  of  the  reversals  of  existing  temporary  differences  and  the  implementation  of  tax  planning 
strategies. In circumstances where we, or any of our affiliates, have incurred three years of cumulative losses which 
constitute significant negative evidence, positive evidence of equal or greater significance is needed to overcome the 
negative evidence before a tax benefit is recognized for deductible temporary differences and loss carryforwards. 

Investments: We liquidated our investments during the third quarter and accordingly had no investments at 
the  end  of  fiscal  2023.  As  of  May  28,  2022,  we  had  $5.0  million  invested  in  a  Certificate  of  Deposit  (level  1 
classification), which matured in less than twelve months. 

Intangible Assets: Intangible assets are initially recorded at their fair market values determined by quoted 
market prices in active markets, if available, or recognized valuation models. Intangible assets that have finite useful 
lives are amortized over their useful lives either on a straight-line basis or over their projected future cash flows and 
are  tested  for  impairment  when  events  or  changes  in  circumstances  occur  that  indicate  possible  impairment.  Our 
intangible  assets  represent  the  fair  value  for  trade  name,  customer  relationships,  non-compete  agreements  and 
technology acquired in connection with the acquisitions. 

Property,  Plant  and  Equipment:  Property,  plant  and  equipment  are  stated  at  cost,  net  of  accumulated 
depreciation.  Improvements  and  replacements  are  capitalized  while  expenditures  for  maintenance  and  repairs  are 
charged  to  expense  as  incurred.  Provisions  for  depreciation  are  computed  using  the  straight-line  method  over  the 
estimated useful life of the asset. Depreciation expense was approximately $3.4 million, $3.2 million and $3.2 million 
during fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021, respectively.  

44 

 
Property, plant and equipment consist of the following (in thousands):   

Land and improvements 
Buildings and improvements 
Computer, communications equipment and 
software 
Machinery and other equipment 
Construction in progress 

Accumulated depreciation 
Property, plant, and equipment, net 

  May 27, 2023      May 28, 2022   
1,385  
  $ 
23,002  

1,532    $ 
24,206     

11,692     
18,350     
4,437     
60,217    $ 
(39,394 )    
20,823    $ 

11,186  
16,215  
1,991  
53,779  
(36,818 ) 
16,961  

  $ 

  $ 

Construction in progress at May 27, 2023 includes $2.2 million for facilities, $1.6 million for manufacturing 

facilities and $0.6 million for IT systems. All projects are expected to be completed before the end of fiscal 2024. 

Supplemental disclosure information of the estimated useful life of the assets: 

Land improvements 
Buildings and improvements 
Computer, communications equipment and software 
Machinery and other equipment 

10 years 
10 - 30 years 
3 - 10 years 
3 - 20 years 

We  review  property  and  equipment,  definite-lived  intangible  assets  and  other  long-lived  assets  for 
impairment whenever adverse events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of such assets 
may not be recoverable. 

45 

 
 
 
   
   
   
   
  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
If adverse  events do occur, our impairment review  is based on an undiscounted cash flow analysis at the 
lowest level at which cash flows of the long-lived assets are largely independent of other groups of our assets and 
liabilities. This analysis requires management judgment with respect to changes in technology, the continued success 
of  product  lines  and  future  volume,  revenue  and  expense  growth  rates.  We  conduct  annual  reviews  for  idle  and 
underutilized equipment and review business plans for possible impairment. Impairment occurs when the carrying 
value of the assets exceeds the future undiscounted cash flows expected to be earned by the use of the asset or asset 
group. When impairment is indicated, the estimated future cash flows are then discounted to determine the estimated 
fair value of the asset or asset group and an impairment charge is recorded for the difference between the carrying 
value and the estimated fair value. 

Additionally, we also evaluate the remaining useful life of each reporting period to determine whether events 
and circumstances warrant a revision to the remaining period of depreciation or amortization. If the estimate of a long-
lived asset’s remaining useful life is changed, the remaining carrying amount of the asset is amortized prospectively 
over that revised remaining useful life. 

Accrued Liabilities: Accrued liabilities consist of the following (in thousands): 

Compensation and payroll taxes 
Accrued severance 
Professional fees 
Deferred revenue 
Other accrued expenses 
Accrued Liabilities 

  May 27, 2023 
  $ 

    May 28, 2022 

4,422    $ 
486     
661     
3,283     
3,174     
12,026    $ 

5,519  
678  
470  
4,966  
4,477  
16,110  

  $ 

Warranties: We offer warranties for the limited number of specific products we manufacture. 

We estimate the cost to perform under the warranty obligation and recognize this estimated cost at the time 
of the related product sale. We record expense related to our warranty obligations as cost of sales in our Consolidated 
Statements of Comprehensive Income. Each quarter, we assess actual warranty costs incurred on a product-by-product 
basis and compare the warranty costs to our estimated warranty obligation. With respect to new products, estimates 
are based generally on knowledge of the products and warranty experience. 

Warranty reserves are established for costs that are expected to be incurred after the sale and delivery of 
products under warranty. Warranty reserves are included in accrued liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. The 
warranty reserves are determined based on known product failures, historical experience and other available evidence. 

Changes in the warranty reserve during fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022 were as follows (in thousands): 

Balance at May 29, 2021 

Accruals for products sold 
Utilization 

Balance at May 28, 2022 

Accruals for products sold 
Utilization 

Balance at May 27, 2023 

Warranty 
Reserve 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

548  
160  
(32 ) 
676  
91  
(42 ) 
725  

Other  Non-Current  Liabilities:  Other  non-current  liabilities  of  $0.6  million  at  May  27,  2023  and  $0.8 

million at May 28, 2022, primarily represent employee-benefits obligations in various non-U.S. locations. 

46 

 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
  
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
  
Share-Based Compensation: We measure and recognize share-based compensation cost at fair value for all 
share-based payments, including stock options and restricted stock awards. We estimate fair value using the Black-
Scholes option-pricing model, which requires assumptions such as expected volatility, risk-free interest rate, expected 
life and dividends. We account for the forfeitures of stock-based compensation in the period in which they occur. 
Compensation  cost  is  recognized  using  a  graded  vesting  schedule over  the  applicable  vesting  period.  Share-based 
compensation expense totaled approximately $0.9 million during fiscal 2023, $0.7 million during fiscal 2022 and $0.7 
million during fiscal 2021. 

Stock options granted generally vest over a period of five years and have contractual terms to exercise of 10 

years. A summary of stock option activity is as follows (in thousands, except option prices and years): 

Weighted 
Average  
Exercise  
Price 

Weighted 
Average  
Remaining  
Contractual  
Life 

Aggregate 
Intrinsic  
Value (1) 

Number of 
Options 

Options Outstanding at May 30, 2020 
Granted 
Exercised 
Forfeited 
Cancelled 
Options Outstanding at May 29, 2021 
Granted 
Exercised 
Forfeited 
Cancelled 
Options Outstanding at May 28, 2022 
Granted 
Exercised 
Forfeited 
Cancelled 
Options Outstanding at May 27, 2023 
Options Vested at May 27, 2023 

1,427     $ 
188      
(49 )    
(7 )    
(104 )    
1,455     $ 
185      
(373 )    
(35 )    
(84 )    
1,148     $ 
194      
(441 )    
(20 )    
(25 )    
856     $ 
387     $ 

8.83    
4.26    
5.93    
5.96    
12.53    
8.08    
7.66    
8.01    
6.51    
11.65    
7.82    
15.58    
8.58    
8.15    
11.67    
9.07      
8.24      

6.4     $ 
4.6     $ 

7,122  
3,537  

(1)  Includes only  those options  that  were  in-the-money  as  of May  27,  2023.  Stock  options  for  which  the 
exercise price exceeded the market price have been omitted. Fluctuations in the intrinsic value of both 
outstanding and exercisable options may result from changes in underlying stock price and timing and 
volume of option grants, exercises and forfeitures. 

There were 440,480 stock options exercised during fiscal 2023, with cash received of $3.8 million. The total 
intrinsic value of options exercised was $4.7 million during fiscal 2023, $1.9 million for fiscal 2022 and $0.1 million 
for fiscal 2021. The weighted average fair value of stock option grants was $5.44 during fiscal 2023, $1.50 during 
fiscal  2022  and  $0.49  during  fiscal  2021.  As  of  May  27,  2023,  total  unrecognized  compensation  costs  related  to 
unvested stock options and restricted stock awards was approximately $1.8 million, which is expected to be recognized 
over the remaining weighted average period of approximately two to four years. The total grant date fair value of stock 
options vested during fiscal 2023 was $0.3 million. 

47 

 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
   
    
   
   
    
   
   
    
   
   
    
   
   
    
   
   
    
   
   
    
   
   
    
   
   
    
   
   
    
   
   
    
   
   
    
   
   
    
   
   
    
   
   
    
   
   
   
 
The fair value of stock options is estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following 

weighted average assumptions: 

Expected volatility 
Risk-free interest rate 
Expected lives (years) 
Annual cash dividend 

Fiscal Year Ended 
May 28, 
2022 

May 29, 
2021 

 May 27, 2023     
39.12 %   
3.09 %   
5.47  
0.24  

 $ 

 $ 

29.00 %   
0.97 %   
6.50  
0.24  

 $ 

27.72 % 
0.45 % 
6.50  
0.24  

The expected volatility assumptions are based on historical experience commensurate with the expected term. 
The risk-free interest rate is based on the yield of a treasury note with a remaining term equal to the expected life of 
the stock option. The expected stock option life assumption is based on the Securities and Exchange Commission’s 
(“SEC”) guidance in Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) No. 107 (“SAB No. 107”). For stock options granted during 
fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021 the simplified method was used as we believed that our historical stock option experience 
did not provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate expected term. 

The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding at May 27, 2023 (in thousands, 

except option prices and years): 

Outstanding 

Weighted 
Average 
Exercise 
Price 

Weighted 
Average 
Life 

Vested 

Aggregate 
Intrinsic 
Value 

   Shares    

Weighted 
Average 
Exercise 
Price 

Weighted 
Average 
Life 

Aggregate 
Intrinsic 
Value 

5.09    
8.34    
15.04    
9.07    

6.2   $ 
5.7    
7.7    
6.4   $ 

3,446    
3,138    
538    
7,122    

135   $ 
194    
58    
387   $ 

5.41    
8.65    
13.45    
8.24    

5.6   $ 
4.2    
3.3    
4.6   $ 

1,615  
1,694  
228  
3,537  

Exercise Price Range   Shares    
$4.26 to $6.47 
$6.90 to $10.35 
$11.14 to $16.71 
Total 

280   $ 
347    
229    
856   $ 

As of May 27, 2023, a summary of restricted stock award transactions was as follows (in thousands): 

Unvested at May 29, 2021 
Granted 
Vested 
Unvested at May 28, 2022 
Granted 
Vested 
Unvested at May 27, 2023 

Unvested 
Restricted 
Shares 

144  
72  
(71 ) 
145  
53  
(73 ) 
125  

Compensation effects arising from issuing stock awards have been charged against income and recorded as 
additional paid-in-capital in the consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity during fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022 and 
fiscal 2021. 

The  Employees’  Amended  and  Restated  2011  Long-Term  Incentive  Compensation  Plan  (the  “Plan”) 
authorizes  the  issuance  of  up  to  3,500,000  shares  as  incentive  stock  options,  non-qualified  stock  options  or  stock 
awards. Under this plan, 1,028,000 shares are reserved for future issuance. The Plan authorizes the granting of stock 
options at the fair market value at the date of grant. Generally, these options become exercisable over five years and 
expire up to 10 years from the date of grant. Restricted stock awards vest on the anniversary of the grant date in three 
equal installments. 

48 

 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
Earnings per Share: We have authorized 17,000,000 shares of common stock and 3,000,000 shares of Class 
B common stock. The Class B common stock has 10 votes per share and has transferability restrictions; however, 
Class B common stock may be converted into common stock on a share-for-share basis at any time. With respect to 
dividends  and distributions,  shares  of  common  stock  and Class  B  common  stock rank equally  and  have  the  same 
rights, except that Class B common stock cash dividends are limited to 90% of the amount of Class A common stock 
cash dividends. 

 Our Class B common stock is considered a participating security requiring the use of the two-class method 
for the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share. The two-class computation method for each period reflects 
the cash dividends paid per share for each class of stock, plus the amount of allocated undistributed earnings per share 
computed using the participation percentage which reflects the dividend rights of each class of stock. Basic and diluted 
earnings per share were computed using the two-class method. The shares of Class B common stock are considered 
to be participating convertible securities since the shares of Class B common stock are convertible on a share-for-
share  basis  into  shares  of  common  stock  and  may  participate  in  dividends  with  common  stock  according  to  a 
predetermined formula which is 90% of the amount of Class A common stock cash dividends. 

The  earnings  per  share (“EPS”)  presented  in  our  Consolidated  Statements  of  Comprehensive  Income  are 

based on the following (in thousands, except per share amounts): 

  May 27, 2023 
  Basic 

For the Fiscal Year Ended 

   May 28, 2022 

   May 29, 2021 

   Diluted     Basic 

   Diluted     Basic 

   Diluted   

Numerator for Basic and Diluted EPS: 

Net income 
Less dividends: 

Common stock 
Class B common stock 
Undistributed earnings (loss) 
Common stock undistributed earnings (loss) 
Class B common stock undistributed earnings 
(loss) 
Total undistributed earnings (loss) 

Denominator for Basic and Diluted EPS: 
Common stock weighted average shares 
Effect of dilutive securities 
Dilutive stock options 

Denominator for diluted EPS adjusted for 
   weighted average shares and assumed 
   conversions 
Class B common stock weighted average 
shares, 
   and shares under if-converted method for 
   diluted EPS 

Net income per share: 

Common stock 
Class B common stock 

  $ 22,333     $  22,333     $ 17,927     $  17,927     $  1,655     $ 

1,655  

2,877      
443      

2,877      
443      

2,745      
448      

2,745      
448      

2,669      
453      

  $ 19,013     $  19,013     $ 14,734     $  14,734     $  (1,467 )   $ 
  $ 16,467     $  16,573     $ 12,655     $  12,720     $  (1,254 )   $ 

2,546      

2,440      

2,079      

2,014      

(213 )    

  $ 19,013     $  19,013     $ 14,734     $  14,734     $  (1,467 )   $ 

2,669  
453  
(1,467 ) 
(1,255 ) 

(212 ) 
(1,467 ) 

    11,943      

11,943       11,395      

11,395       11,105      

11,105  

599    

430    

59  

12,542    

11,825    

11,164  

2,052      

2,052      

2,080      

2,080      

2,097      

2,097  

  $ 
  $ 

1.62     $ 
1.46     $ 

1.55     $ 
1.40     $ 

1.35     $ 
1.21     $ 

1.31     $ 
1.18     $ 

0.13     $ 
0.11     $ 

0.13  
0.11  

Note:  There were no common stock options that were anti-dilutive for fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021.  

New Accounting Pronouncements 

In  June  2016,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  No.  2016-13,  Financial  Instruments  -  Credit  Losses  (Topic  326): 
Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. ASU 2016-13 (as amended by ASU 2018-19, ASU 2019-04, 
ASU  2019-05,  ASU  2019-10,  ASU  2019-11  and  2020-02)  introduces  a  new  forward-looking  approach,  based  on 
expected losses, to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments, including trade receivables. The 

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estimate of expected credit losses will require entities to incorporate considerations of historical information, current 
information and reasonable and supportable forecasts. This ASU also expands the disclosure requirements to enable 
users  of  financial  statements to  understand  the  entity’s  assumptions,  models  and methods  for  estimating  expected 
credit losses. The new standard is effective for smaller reporting companies for fiscal years, and interim periods within 
those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2022. Early adoption is permitted. The Company will adopt in the 
first quarter of fiscal 2024 and the expected impact on the consolidated financial statements is not material. 

4. 

REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITY 

The Company entered into a Revolving Credit Facility with PNC Bank N.A. on March 20, 2023. Borrowings 
under  the  Company’s  Revolving  Credit  Facility,  including  the  Swingline  Loan  and  Letter  of  Credit  sub-facility 
extended to the Company thereunder, are secured by (i) a continuing first priority lien on and security interest in and 
to substantially all of the assets of the Company and its domestic subsidiaries and (ii) a continuing first priority pledge 
of the Pledged Collateral of the Company and the Guarantors identified in the Security Agreement and the Pledge 
Agreement  executed  in  connection  with  the  Credit  Agreement.  The  combined  maximum  borrowings  under  the 
Revolving  Credit  Facility  are  $30,000,000.  Proceeds  of  borrowings  will  be  used  for  working  capital  and  general 
corporate purposes. 

 The Credit Agreement provides that the Company must maintain compliance with a maximum consolidated 
leverage ratio covenant and a minimum consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio, each as determined in accordance 
with  the  Credit  Agreement.  The  Credit  Agreement  also  contains  affirmative,  negative  and  financial  covenants 
customary for financings of this type, including, among other things, limitations on certain other indebtedness, loans 
and investments, liens, mergers, asset sales, and transactions with affiliates, as well as customary events of default for 
financings of this type. The Company was in full compliance with all covenants as May 27, 2023. 

Borrowings  under  the  Revolving  Credit  Facility  will  bear  interest  at  a  rate  per  annum  selected  by  the 
Company  from  the  following  options:  (a)  Term  SOFR  Rate  (for  the  applicable  Interest  Period)  plus  the  SOFR 
Adjustment (for the applicable Interest Period) plus 1.25%; (b) Base Rate plus 0.25% or (c) Daily Simple RFR (for 
Euros) plus the RFR Adjustment plus 1.25%. Letters of Credit issued under the Letter of Credit sub-facility will have 
a letter of credit fee equal to 1.25% per annum. The fee for the unused portion of the credit line is 0.10%. 

There was no amount outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility as of May 27, 2023.  

5.           RELATED PARTY TRANSACTION 

On June 15, 2015, the Company entered into a lease agreement for the IMES facility with LDL, LLC. That 
lease agreement was extended for five years in fiscal 2021. The Company shall be entitled to extend the term of the 
lease for a period of an additional five years by notifying the landlord in writing of its intention to do so within six 
months of the expiration of the term. The Executive Vice President of IMES, Lee A. McIntyre III (former owner of 
IMES),  has  an  ownership  interest  in  LDL,  LLC.  Mr.  McIntyre  departed  from  the  Company  in  fiscal  year  2023, 
effective as of September 24, 2022. The lease agreement provides for monthly payments over five years with total 
future minimum lease payments of $0.3 million. Rental expense related to this lease amounted to $0.2 million for the 
fiscal year ended May 27, 2023, $0.2 million for fiscal year ended May 28, 2022 and $0.1 million for fiscal year ended 
May 29, 2021.  

6.             INTANGIBLE ASSETS 

Intangible assets are initially recorded at their fair market values determined by quoted market prices in active 
markets, if available, or recognized valuation models. Intangible assets that have finite useful lives are amortized over 
their useful lives and are tested for impairment when events or changes in circumstances occur that indicate possible 
impairment. No impairment was recognized in fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022 or fiscal 2021. 

50 

 
Our  intangible  assets  represent  the  fair  value  for  customer  relationships  and  technology  acquired  in 

connection with our acquisitions. Intangible assets subject to amortization were as follows (in thousands): 

Gross Amounts: 

Customer Relationships (1) 
Technology 

Total Gross Amounts 

Accumulated Amortization: 
Customer Relationships 
Technology 

Total Accumulated Amortization 

Net Intangible Assets 

  May 27, 2023    May 28, 2022  

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

3,388    $ 
380     
3,768    $ 

1,671    $ 
205     
1,876    $ 

3,393  
230  
3,623  

1,453  
160  
1,613  

1,892    $ 

2,010  

(1)  Change from prior periods reflect impact of foreign currency translation. 

Companies must perform the annual test for impairment for indefinite life intangible assets, for which the 
Company has none, as well as test definite life assets for impairment in the event of a “trigger event” such as adverse 
changes in the business climate or market which might negatively impact the value of a reporting unit. We determined 
that the intangible assets were not impaired as of May 27, 2023 on the basis that no adverse  events or changes in 
circumstances were identified that could indicate that the carrying amounts of such assets may not be recoverable. 

The amortization expense associated with the intangible assets subject to amortization for the next five years 

is presented in the following table (in thousands): 

Fiscal Year 
2024 
2025 
2026 
2027 
2028 
Thereafter 

Total amortization expense 

Amortization 
Expense 

  $ 

  $ 

252  
239  
206  
194  
183  
818  
1,892  

The amortization expense associated with the intangible assets totaled approximately $0.3 million during 
fiscal 2023 and $0.2 million during fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021. The weighted average number of years of amortization 
expense remaining is 10.6 years. 

7. 

LEASE OBLIGATIONS AND OTHER COMMITMENTS 

The Company leases real and personal property in the normal course of business under various operating and 
financing leases. The Company uses operating leases for facility space and automobiles. Most of the leased facility 
space is for sales and general office use. Automobile leases are used throughout the Company. Financing leases were 
used for computer servers. 

Several  leases  include  renewal  clauses  which  vary  in  length  and  may  not  include  specific  rent  renewal 
amounts.  The  Company  will  revise  the  value  of  the  right  of  use  assets  and  associated  lease  liabilities  when  the 
Company determines it is reasonably certain of renewal. 

51 

 
 
 
 
   
  
   
 
 
    
   
 
   
  
   
 
 
    
   
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
The gross amounts of assets and liabilities related to both operating and financing leases at May 27, 2023 

and May 28, 2022 were as follows (in thousands): 

Lease Type 

Operating lease ROU asset 
Financing lease ROU asset 
Total Lease ROU asset 

Operating lease liability current 
Financing lease liability current 
Total lease liability current 

Operating lease liability non-current 
Financing lease liability non-current 
Total lease liability non-current 

  May 27, 2023     May 28, 2022   
3,024  
  $ 
215  
3,239  

2,457     $ 
—      
2,457     $ 

 $ 

  $ 

 $ 

  $ 

 $ 

1,028     $ 
—      
1,028     $ 

1,429     $ 
—      
1,429     $ 

1,109  
—  
1,109  

1,915  
—  
1,915  

The components of lease costs for fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022 were as follows (in thousands): 

Lease Type 

Classification 

Fiscal Year 
Ended 
May 27, 2023    

Consolidated operating lease expense 

  Operating expenses 

  $ 

1,721     $ 

Fiscal Year 
Ended 
May 28, 2022  
1,781  

Consolidated financing lease amortization 
Consolidated financing lease interest 
Consolidated financing lease expense 

  Operating expenses 
  Interest expense 

—      
—      
—      

92  
3  
95  

Net lease cost 

  $ 

1,721     $ 

1,876  

Rent expense for fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021 was $1.5 million, $1.6 million, and $1.7 million, 

respectively. 

Our  future  lease  commitments  for  minimum  rentals,  including  common  area  maintenance  charges  and 

property taxes during the next five years are as follows (in thousands): 

Fiscal Year 
2024 
2025 
2026 
2027 
2028 
Thereafter 
Total lease payments 
Lease inputted interest 

  Operating Leases 
  $ 

1,147  
827  
453  
113  
23  
12  
2,575  
118  
2,457  

Net minimum lease payments 

  $ 

The weighted average remaining lease terms and interest rates of leases held by the Company as of May 27, 

2023 were as follows: 

Lease Type 

Operating leases 

Weighted Average Remaining 
Lease Term in Years 
2.6 

Weighted Average 
Interest Rate 
4.0% 

52 

 
 
   
 
 
 
  
 
 
   
 
 
 
  
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The cash outflows of the leasing activity of the Company as lessee for fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022 were as 

follows (in thousands): 

Fiscal Year Ended 

Cash Flow Source 

Operating cash flows from operating leases 
Operating cash flows from financing leases 
Finance cash flows from financing leases 

Classification 

  Operating activities 
  Operating activities 
  Financing activities 

  May 27, 2023 
  $ 

   May 28, 2022 

566     $ 
—      
—      

747  
148  
151  

8. 

INCOME TAXES 

 Income before income taxes included the following components (in thousands):  

United States 
Foreign 
Income before income taxes 

Fiscal Year Ended 
  May 27, 2023     May 28, 2022     May 29, 2021   
1,077  
  $ 
1,231  
2,308  

12,299     $ 
3,460      
15,759     $ 

22,258     $ 
2,772      
25,030     $ 

  $ 

The  provision    (benefit)  for  income  taxes  for  fiscal  2023,  fiscal  2022  and  fiscal  2021  consisted  of  the 

following (in thousands):  

Fiscal Year Ended 
  May 27, 2023     May 28, 2022     May 29, 2021   

  $ 

Current: 

Federal 
State 
Foreign 
Total current 

Deferred: 
Federal 
Foreign 
Total deferred 

Income tax provision (benefit) 

  $ 

954     $ 

1,212      
547      
2,713      

—      
(16 )    
(16 )    
2,697     $ 

(4,213 )   $ 
950      
1,038      
(2,225 )    

—      
57      
57      

(2,168 )   $ 

108  
—  
665  
773  

—  
(120 ) 
(120 ) 
653  

53 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
    
   
   
   
   
 
    
    
   
   
   
   
   
The differences between income taxes at the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate of 21.0% for fiscal 2023, 
fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021 and the reported income tax provision for fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021, are 
summarized as follows: 

Federal statutory rate 
Effect of: 

State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit 
Foreign taxes at other rates 
Permanent tax differences 
Change in valuation allowance for deferred tax 
assets 
Return to provision adjustments 
R&D credit 
Other 
Effective tax rate 

Fiscal Year Ended 
 May 27, 2023     May 28, 2022      May 29, 2021   
21.0 % 

21.0 %   

21.0 %   

3.6  
0.9  
0.1  

(7.0 )    
(0.7 )    
(3.7 )    
(3.4 )    
10.8 %   

5.5  
4.5  
(2.0 ) 

(43.1 ) 
0.2  
—  
0.2  
(13.7 )%   

21.6  
10.5  
18.3  

(49.7 ) 
2.2  
—  
4.4  
28.3 % 

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of 
assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Our deferred tax 
assets and liabilities reflect operations as of May 27, 2023 and May 28, 2022. Significant components were as follows 
(in thousands): 

Fiscal Year Ended 
  May 27, 2023     May 28, 2022   

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

2,324     $ 
1,506      
1,056      
26      
131      
944      
1,215      
381      
1,067      
8,650      
(1,375 )    
7,275      

(2,441 )    
(24 )    
(381 )    
(1 )    
(2,847 )    
4,428     $ 

4,517     $ 
1,285      
5,802     $ 

2,796  
1,571  
1,182  
1,782  
183  
1,224  
—  
520  
1,480  
10,738  
(3,474 ) 
7,264  

(2,406 ) 
(24 ) 
(520 ) 
(1 ) 
(2,951 ) 
4,313  

6,017  
1,770  
7,787  

Deferred tax assets: 

NOL carryforwards - foreign and domestic 
Inventory valuations 
Goodwill 
Foreign tax credits 
Severance reserve 
Foreign capital loss 
Section 174 capitalization 
Lease liability 
Other 
Subtotal 
Valuation allowance - foreign and domestic 
Net deferred tax assets after valuation allowance 

Deferred tax liabilities: 

Accelerated depreciation 
Tax on undistributed earnings 
ROU assets 
Other 
Subtotal 

Net deferred tax assets 
Supplemental disclosure of net deferred tax assets, 
   excluding valuation allowance: 

Domestic 
Foreign 
Total 

54 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
   
     
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
    
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
   
 
   
   
 
The Inflation Reduction Act (the "IRA"), signed into law by President Biden on August 16, 2022, has several 
key corporate tax-related provisions, including a 15% creditable book minimum tax on adjusted financial statement 
income (“AFSI”) of applicable corporations, clean energy tax incentives and 1% excise tax on certain corporate stock 
buybacks. The Company did not rise to the level of AFSI to be subject to the 15% creditable book minimal tax. The 
Company did not have a material impact from the IRA. The Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors 
Act of 2022 (the "CHIPS Act") was signed into law by President Biden on August 9, 2022, which created a new 25% 
investment tax credit for qualified property placed in service for semiconductor manufacturing. This production credit 
was not applicable to the Company. 

During  the  fourth  quarter  of  fiscal  2023,  the  Company  recorded  research  and  development  (“R&D”)  tax 
credits of $0.9 million. These credits represent the expected U.S. federal and state credits to be claimed for fiscal 2020 
through fiscal 2023. The Company has not previously recorded any benefit from an R&D tax credit due to the fact 
that the Company did not believe it was economically prudent to pursue these credits in prior years.  

 For  taxable  years  beginning  after  December  31,  2021,  taxpayers  are  required  to  capitalize  certain  R&D 
expenses and amortize them over five or fifteen years under IRC Section 174. This provision increased our taxable 
income  for  the  year  ended  May  27, 2023,  and  resulted  in additional  cash  tax  payments for  U.S.  federal  and  state 
income taxes. This provision also generated a deferred tax asset for the year ended May 27, 2023.   

As of May 27, 2023 and May 28, 2022 we  have utilized all net deferred tax assets related to federal net 
operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards. Net deferred tax assets related to domestic state NOL carryforwards at May 
27, 2023 amounted to approximately $2.1 million, compared to $2.4 million at May 28, 2022. Net deferred tax assets 
related to foreign NOL carryforwards was $0.2 million as of May 27, 2023 compared to $0.4 million as of May 28, 
2022, with various or indefinite expiration dates. We released the valuation allowance and have utilized $1.8 million 
of domestic net deferred tax asset related to foreign tax credit carryforwards as of May 27, 2023.  

We have historically determined that undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries, to the extent of cash 
available, will be repatriated to the U.S. The deferred tax liability on the outside basis  difference is now primarily 
withholding tax on future dividend distributions. The deferred tax liability related to undistributed earnings of our 
foreign subsidiaries was less than $0.1 million in both fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022. 

Management assesses the available positive and negative evidence to estimate  if sufficient future taxable 
income will be generated to support a more likely than not assertion that its deferred tax assets will be realized. A 
significant component of objective evidence evaluated was the cumulative income or loss incurred in each jurisdiction 
over the three-year period ended May 27, 2023. We considered other positive evidence in determining the need for a 
valuation allowance in the U.S. including the subpart F and GILTI inclusions of our foreign earnings, the changes in 
our business performance in recent years and the utilization of federal NOLs. The weight of this positive evidence is 
sufficient to outweigh other negative evidence in evaluating our need for a valuation allowance in the U.S. federal 
jurisdiction. As a result of the positive evidence outweighing the negative evidence for the year ended May 28, 2022, 
we released the full valuation allowance on the U.S. federal and state deferred tax items. In addition, in the year ended 
May 28, 2022, we partially released the valuation allowance on the state NOL deferred tax item, based on the amount 
of the NOLs that management believed it is more likely than not to realize. As of May 27, 2023, we have released 
$1.8  million  of  the  valuation  allowance  on  the  deferred  tax  asset  related  to  foreign  tax  credits  based  on  positive 
evidence that arose during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023 related to the foreign tax credit limitation calculation.   

As of May 27, 2023, a valuation allowance of $1.4 million was recorded, representing the  portion of the 
deferred tax asset that management does not believe is more likely than not to be realized. The valuation allowance as 
of  May  28,  2022  was  $3.5  million.  The  remaining  valuation  allowance  relates  to  state  NOLs  ($0.2  million)  and 
deferred  tax  assets  in  foreign  jurisdictions  where  historical  taxable  losses  have  been  incurred  ($1.3  million).  The 
amount of the deferred tax asset considered realizable, however, could be adjusted if estimates of future taxable income 
during the carryforward period are increased, or if objective negative evidence in the form of cumulative losses is no 
longer present and additional weight may be given to subjective evidence such as our projections for growth. 

Income  taxes  paid,  including  foreign  estimated  tax  payments,  were  $4.8  million,  $1.5  million  and  $0.1 

million, during fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021, respectively. 

55 

 
In the normal course of business, we are subject to examination by taxing authorities throughout the world. 
Generally, years prior to fiscal 2017 are closed for examination under the statute of limitation for U.S. federal, U.S. 
state  and  local  or  non-U.S.  tax  jurisdictions.  We  were  under  examination  for  fiscal  2015  through  fiscal  2018  in 
Germany. The audit was settled in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2022. In the second quarter of fiscal 2023, the Company 
paid the audit assessment for the fiscal 2015 through fiscal 2018 years. The Company recorded a tax expense of less 
than  $0.1  million  due  to  receiving  the  final  assessment  for  the  German  audit.  The  $0.1  million  of  uncertain  tax 
positions recorded in prior quarters has been fully utilized as of May 27, 2023. Our primary foreign tax jurisdictions 
are Germany and the Netherlands. We have tax years open in Germany beginning in fiscal 2019 and the Netherlands 
beginning in fiscal 2021. 

The Company did not record any uncertain tax positions as of May 27, 2023, as compared to $0.1 million as 
of May 28, 2022. The reserve for the German audits was reversed in fiscal 2023. We record penalties and interest 
related  to  uncertain  tax  positions  in  the  income  tax  expense  line  item  within  the  Consolidated  Statements  of 
Comprehensive  Income.  Accrued  interest  and  penalties  were  included  within  the  related  tax  liability  line  in  the 
Consolidated Balance Sheets. We have not recorded a liability for interest and penalties as of May 27, 2023 or May 
28, 2022.  

 The following table summarizes the activity related to the unrecognized tax benefits (in thousands): 

Fiscal Year Ended 

Unrecognized tax benefits, beginning of period 
Currency translation adjustment 
Release German reserve 
Unrecognized tax benefits, end of period 

9. 

EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS 

  May 27, 2023 
  $ 

   May 28, 2022 

125    $ 
(4 )    
(121 )    

  $ 

—    $ 

142  
(17 ) 
—  
125  

The employee profit sharing plan is a defined contribution profit sharing plan. The profit sharing plan has a 
401(k) provision whereby we match 50% of employee contributions up to 6.0% of pay for fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022. 
The Company matched contributions up to 4.0% of pay for fiscal 2021. Charges to expense for matching contributions 
to  this  plan  were  $1.0  million,  $0.8  million  and  $0.6 million,  during  fiscal  2023,  fiscal  2022  and  fiscal  2021, 
respectively.  

10. 

SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION 

As described in Note 1, Description of the Company and Note 2, Basis of Presentation, the Company began 
reporting the results for its new Green Energy Solutions ("GES") segment in the first quarter of fiscal 2023 due to its 
focus  on  power  applications  that  support  the  green  energy market.  The  GES  segment  has  been  carved  out  of  our 
existing Power and Microwave Technologies (“PMT”) segment. Accordingly, the Company is reporting its financial 
performance based on four operating and reportable segments. The results for fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021 presented 
herein were adjusted to reflect the presentation of the new GES segment separately from the PMT segment. 

The  Company's four operating and reportable segments for fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021 were 

defined as follows: 

56 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
Power and Microwave Technologies combines our core engineered solutions capabilities, power grid and 
microwave tube business with new disruptive RF,  Wireless and Power technologies. As a designer, manufacturer, 
technology  partner  and  authorized  distributor,  PMT’s  strategy  is  to  provide  specialized  technical  expertise  and 
engineered  solutions  based  on  our core  engineering  and  manufacturing capabilities  on  a  global  basis.  We  provide 
solutions and add value through design-in support, systems integration, prototype design and manufacturing, testing, 
logistics and aftermarket technical service and repair—all through our existing global infrastructure. PMT’s focus is 
on products for power, RF and microwave applications for customers in 5G, aviation, broadcast, communications, 
industrial,  marine,  medical,  military,  scientific  and  semiconductor  markets.  PMT  focuses  on  various  applications 
including broadcast transmission, CO2 laser cutting, diagnostic imaging, dielectric and induction heating, high energy 
transfer,  high  voltage  switching,  plasma,  power  conversion,  radar  and  radiation  oncology.  PMT  also  offers  its 
customers technical services for both microwave and industrial equipment. 

Green  Energy  Solutions  combines  our  key  technology  partners  and  engineered  solutions  capabilities  to 
design  and  manufacture  innovative  products  for  the  fast-growing  energy  storage  market  and  power  management 
applications. As a designer, manufacturer, technology partner and authorized distributor, GES’s strategy is to provide 
specialized  technical  expertise  and  engineered  solutions  using  our  core  design  engineering  and  manufacturing 
capabilities on a global basis. We  provide solutions and add value through design-in support, systems integration, 
prototype design and manufacturing, testing, logistics and aftermarket technical service and repair—all through our 
existing global infrastructure. GES’s focus is on products for numerous green energy applications such as wind, solar, 
hydrogen  and  Electric  Vehicles,  and  other  power  management  applications  that  support  green  solutions  such  as 
synthetic diamond manufacturing. 

Canvys  provides  customized  display  solutions  serving  the  corporate  enterprise,  financial,  healthcare, 
industrial  and  medical  original  equipment  manufacturers  markets.  Our  engineers  design,  manufacture,  source  and 
support a full spectrum of solutions to match the needs of our customers. We offer long term availability and proven 
custom  display  solutions  that  include  touch  screens,  protective  panels,  custom  enclosures,  All-In-One  computers, 
specialized cabinet finishes and application specific software  packages and certification services.  We partner with 
both private label manufacturing companies and leading branded hardware vendors to offer the highest quality display 
and touch solutions and customized computing platforms. 

Healthcare manufactures, repairs, refurbishes and distributes high value replacement parts and equipment for 
the  healthcare  market  including  hospitals,  medical  centers,  asset  management  companies,  independent  service 
organizations and multi-vendor service providers. Products include diagnostic imaging replacement parts for CT and 
MRI systems; replacement CT and MRI tubes; CT service training; MRI coils, cold heads and RF amplifiers; hydrogen 
thyratrons, klystrons, magnetrons; flat panel detector upgrades; pre-owned CT systems; and additional replacement 
solutions currently under development for the diagnostic imaging service market. Through a combination of newly 
developed products and partnerships, service offerings and training programs, we believe we can help our customers 
improve efficiency while lowering the cost of healthcare delivery. 

The CEO, who is the chief operating decision maker, evaluates performance and allocates resources primarily 

based on the gross profit of each segment. 

57 

 
Operating results by segment are summarized in the following table (in thousands): 

PMT 
Net Sales 
Gross Profit 

GES 
Net Sales 
Gross Profit 

Canvys 
Net Sales 
Gross Profit 

Healthcare 
Net Sales 
Gross Profit 

Fiscal Year Ended 
  May 27, 2023     May 28, 2022     May 29, 2021   

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

164,299    $ 
54,089     

155,445     $ 
50,810      

128,980  
43,546  

47,596    $ 
13,719     

22,611     $ 
7,231      

8,300  
2,405  

39,331    $ 
12,375     

35,187     $ 
11,252      

29,319  
10,274  

11,432    $ 
3,506     

11,377     $ 
2,407      

10,338  
2,600  

A reconciliation of assets to the relevant consolidated amount is as follows (in thousands): 

Segment assets 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Investments - current 
Other current assets (1) 
Net property, plant and equipment 
Operating lease ROU asset 
Financing lease ROU asset 
Other non-current assets 
Other assets - non-current deferred income taxes 

     Total assets 

  May 27, 2023     May 28, 2022   
120,696  
  $ 
35,495  
5,000  
2,686  
9,435  
1,894  
215  
—  
4,398  
179,819  

149,976    $ 
24,981     
—     
2,771     
14,124     
1,403     
—     
267     
4,526     
198,048    $ 

  $ 

(1)  Other current assets include miscellaneous receivables and prepaid expenses. 

Assets are not disclosed by reportable segment as the Company does not track assets by reportable segment 

and certain assets are not specific to any reportable segment. 

Capital expenditures for our Healthcare segment during fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022 were approximately $0.6 
million and $1.0 million, respectively. In addition, we also had capital expenditures during fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022 
related to the Company’s ERP system as well as facilities that were not specific to any particular reportable segment. 

Geographic  net  sales  information  is  primarily  grouped  by  customer  destination  into  five  areas:  North 

America; Asia/Pacific; Europe; Latin America; and Other. 

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Net sales and gross profit by geographic region are summarized in the following table (in thousands): 

Net Sales 
North America 
Asia/Pacific 
Europe 
Latin America 
Other (1) 
Total 

Gross Profit 
North America 
Asia/Pacific 
Europe 
Latin America 
Other (1) 
Total 

Fiscal Year Ended 
  May 27, 2023     May 28, 2022      May 29, 2021   

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

112,214    $ 
59,557     
62,017     
28,924     
(54 )    

262,658    $ 

98,527     $ 
49,235      
64,435      
12,439      
(16 )    

224,620     $ 

73,625  
40,839  
52,549  
9,651  
273  
176,937  

43,580    $ 
18,775     
18,760     
7,735     
(5,161 )    
83,689    $ 

36,548     $ 
15,728      
19,215      
4,340      
(4,131 )    
71,700     $ 

28,639  
13,520  
16,958  
3,405  
(3,697 ) 
58,825  

(1)  Other includes primarily net sales not allocated to a specific geographical region, unabsorbed 

value-add cost and other unallocated expenses. 

 We sell our products to customers in diversified industries and perform periodic credit evaluations of our 
customers’ financial condition. Terms are generally on open account, payable net 30 days in North America, and vary 
throughout Asia/Pacific, Europe and Latin America. Estimates of credit losses are recorded in the financial statements 
based on monthly reviews of outstanding accounts. 

Net assets by geographic region are summarized in the following table (in thousands): 

Net Assets 
North America 
Asia/Pacific 
Europe 
Latin America 

Total 

Fiscal Year Ended 
  May 27, 2023     May 28, 2022   

  $ 

  $ 

106,528    $ 
12,347     
37,843     
2,602     
159,320    $ 

90,979  
11,514  
30,873  
2,481  
135,847  

The Company had long-lived assets of $22.7 million as of May 27, 2023 and $19.0 million as of May 28, 
2022. The long-lived assets, which include our fixed assets and intangibles, were primarily in the U.S. There were 
approximately  $0.3  million of  long-lived  assets  that  belong  to  our  foreign  affiliates  as  of  May  27,  2023  and $0.4 
million as of May 28, 2022. 

The Company had depreciation and amortization expense of $3.7 million, $3.4 million and $3.4 million for 
fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021, respectively. The depreciation and amortization, which includes our fixed 
assets and intangibles, were primarily in the U.S. Depreciation and amortization expense that belongs to our foreign 
affiliates was approximately $0.1 million for fiscal 2023, $0.1 million for fiscal 2022 and $0.3 million for fiscal 2021, 
respectively. 

59 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
    
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
    
   
   
 
    
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
  
   
   
   
 
11. 

RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES 

While the immediate impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic have been assessed, the long-term effects of the 
disruption, including supply chain disruption, and resulting impact on the global economy and capital markets remain 
unpredictable, and depend on future developments, such as the possible resurgence of the virus, variant strains of the 
virus,  vaccine  availability  and  effectiveness,  and  future  government  actions  in response  to  the  crisis.  The  residual 
impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and its effects on supply chains and general economic conditions continues to 
evolve.  The  COVID-19  pandemic  and  its  residual  negative  impact  on  general  economic  conditions  has  had  and 
continues to have a negative effect on our business, results of operations, cash flows, gross margins as a percentage 
of net sales (particularly within our Canvys segment). While the Company did not experience sales declines during 
fiscal year 2023 as a direct result of the pandemic, the residual economic impact from the pandemic continued to 
negatively impacted our gross margins as a percentage of net sales in our Canvys segment. 

It is likely that the pandemic will continue to affect our business for an indeterminable period of time due to 
the impact on the global economy, including with respect to transportation networks and supply chains, the availability 
of raw materials, production efforts and customer demand for our products. We have experienced and continue to 
experience component delays which negatively impact our product development schedule.  

Management continues to monitor the impact of global economic factors on its financial condition, liquidity, 
operations, suppliers, industry and workforce. Our ability to predict and respond to future changes resulting from the 
Covid pandemic is uncertain. Even after the Covid pandemic fully subsides, there may be continued long-term effects 
on our business practices and customers in economies in which we operate that could severely disrupt our operations 
and could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition. As 
we cannot predict the duration, scope or severity of the Covid pandemic, the negative financial impact to our results 
cannot be reasonably estimated and could be material. 

12. 

VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS 

The following table presents the valuation and qualifying account activity for fiscal years ended May 27, 

2023, May 28, 2022 and May 29, 2021, (in thousands): 

Description 

Year ended May 27, 2023 

Balance at 
beginning  
of period 

Charged to 
expense 

  Balance at 

end  
of period 

Deductions   

Allowance for doubtful accounts 
Inventory provisions 

  $ 

186     $ 

6,060      

50   (1)    $ 
466   (3)     

(45 ) (2)    $ 
(658 ) (4)     

Year ended May 28, 2022 

Allowance for doubtful accounts 
Inventory provisions 

  $ 

202     $ 

5,866      

103   (1)    $ 
462   (3)     

(119 ) (2)    $ 
(268 ) (4)     

Year ended May 29, 2021 

Allowance for doubtful accounts 
Inventory provisions 

  $ 

334     $ 

5,393      

149   (1)    $ 
1,041   (3)     

(281 ) (2)    $ 
(568 ) (4)     

191  
5,868  

186  
6,060  

202  
5,866  

Notes: 
(1)  Charges to bad debt expense. 
(2)  Uncollectible amounts written off, net of recoveries and foreign currency translation. 
(3)  Charges to cost of sales. Included in fiscal 2023 were inventory write-downs of $0.3 million for PMT, $0.1 

million for Canvys and $0.1 million for Healthcare. 

(4)  Inventory disposed or sold, net of foreign currency translation. 

60 

 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
    
    
 
    
 
   
   
 
 
    
    
 
    
 
   
 
    
    
 
    
 
   
   
 
 
    
    
 
    
 
   
 
    
    
 
    
 
   
   
 
13. 

SELECTED QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (UNAUDITED) (in thousands, except per share 
amounts): 

Description 

Fiscal 2023 
Net sales 
Gross profit 
Net income 
Net income per share: 

Common stock - basic 
Class B common stock - basic 
Common stock - diluted 
Class B common stock - diluted 

Fiscal 2022 
Net sales 
Gross profit 
Net income 
Net income per share: 

Common stock - basic 
Class B common stock - basic 
Common stock - diluted 
Class B common stock - diluted 

First 
Quarter    

Second 
Quarter    

Third 
Quarter    

Fourth 
Quarter     

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

67,557     $ 
23,027      
6,324      

65,905     $ 
21,851      
5,549      

70,364     $  58,832  
16,406  
22,405      
4,120    
6,340      

0.47     $ 
0.42      
0.45      
0.40      

0.40     $ 
0.36      
0.39      
0.35      

0.46     $ 
0.41      
0.44      
0.40      

0.29  
0.27  
0.27  
0.25  

53,704     $ 
16,297      
2,635      

53,979     $ 
17,657      
4,122      

55,308     $  61,629  
20,177  
17,569      
8,283    
2,887      

0.20     $ 
0.18      
0.20      
0.18      

0.31     $ 
0.28      
0.30      
0.27      

0.22     $ 
0.19      
0.21      
0.19      

0.62  
0.55  
0.59  
0.54  

61 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
   
 
    
    
    
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
    
    
    
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
    
    
    
   
 
 
    
    
    
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
    
    
    
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
  
 
ITEM 9A. Controls and Procedures  

(a) 

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures 

Management of the Company, with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial 
Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures 
(as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange 
Act”)) as of May 27, 2023.  

Disclosure controls and procedures are intended to provide reasonable assurance that information required 
to be disclosed in the Company’s Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the 
time periods specified by the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information is 
accumulated  and  communicated  to  management,  including  the  Company’s  Chief  Executive  Officer  and  Chief 
Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on this evaluation, the 
Company’s  Chief  Executive  Officer  and  Chief  Financial  Officer  have  concluded  that  the  Company’s  disclosure 
controls and procedures were effective as of May 27, 2023 at a reasonable assurance level. 

(b) 

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting 

The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over 
financial reporting, as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). Because of its inherent limitations, 
internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation 
of effectiveness of future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in 
conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. 

Under the supervision of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, management conducted 
an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of May 27, 2023 based on the 
framework  in  the  Internal  Control-Integrated  Framework  (2013)  published  by  the  Committee  of  Sponsoring 
Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). Based on that assessment, management has concluded that 
the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of May 27, 2023. 

Management’s assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of May 27, 
2023 has been audited by BDO USA, P.A., an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report, 
which is included herein. 

(c) 

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting 

There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the most recent 
fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control 
over financial reporting. 

62 

 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm  

Board of Directors and Stockholders 
Richardson Electronics, Ltd. 
LaFox, Illinois 

Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting 

We have audited Richardson Electronics Ltd.’s (the “Company’s”) internal control over financial reporting as of May 
27, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of 
Sponsoring  Organizations  of  the  Treadway  Commission  (the  “COSO  criteria”).  In  our  opinion,  the  Company 
maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of May 27, 2023, based on 
the COSO criteria.  

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United 
States) (“PCAOB”), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of May 27, 2023 and May 28, 2022, the related 
consolidated statements of comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in 
the period ended May 27, 2023, and the related notes and our report dated July 31, 2023 expressed an unqualified 
opinion thereon. 

Basis for Opinion 

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for 
its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Item 9A, 
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the 
Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered 
with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal 
securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. 

We conducted our audit of internal control over financial reporting in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. 
Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective 
internal  control  over  financial  reporting  was  maintained  in  all  material  respects.  Our  audit  included  obtaining  an 
understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing 
and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also 
included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit 
provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. 

63 

 
  
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting 

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding 
the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance 
with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those 
policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly 
reflect  the  transactions  and  dispositions  of  the  assets  of  the  company;  (2)  provide  reasonable  assurance  that 
transactions  are  recorded  as  necessary  to  permit  preparation  of  financial  statements  in  accordance  with  generally 
accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance 
with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding 
prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have 
a material effect on the financial statements. 

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. 
Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become 
inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may 
deteriorate.  

/s/BDO USA, P.A. 

Chicago, Illinois 
July 31, 2023 

64 

 
  
ITEM 9B. Other Information  

None 

65 

 
ITEM 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance 

PART III 

Information  concerning  directors  and  executive  officers  of  the  registrant  will  be  contained  in  our  Proxy 
Statement to be issued in connection with our Annual Meeting of Stockholders scheduled to be held on October 10, 
2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. 

ITEM 11. Executive Compensation 

Information concerning executive compensation will be contained in our Proxy Statement to be issued in 
connection with our Annual Meeting of Stockholders scheduled to be held on October 10, 2023 and is incorporated 
herein by reference. 

ITEM 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder 
Matters 

Information concerning security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management will be contained 
in our Proxy Statement to be issued in connection with our Annual Meeting of Stockholders scheduled to be held on 
October 10, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. 

Equity Compensation Plan Information 

The following table sets forth information as of May 27, 2023, with respect to compensation plans under 

which equity securities were authorized for issuance: 

Number of 
Securities to 
be Issued 
Upon Exercise 
of Outstanding 
Options, 
Warrants and 
Rights 

Weighted 
Average Per 
Share 
Exercise 
Price of 
Outstanding 
Options, 
Warrants 
and Rights 

Number of 
Securities 
Remaining 
Available 
for Future 
Issuance 
Under Equity 
Compensation 
Plans (Excluding 
Securities 
Reflected in 
the First 
Column) 

832,536  

   $ 

8.96    

1,027,864  

23,564   (1)    

856,100  

   $ 

12.95   (1)    

9.07    

—  
1,027,864  

Plan Category 
Equity Compensation Plans Approved by 
  Security Holders 
Equity Compensation Plans Not Approved 
  by Security Holders 
Total 

(1)  Options issued in 1987 pursuant to an employment contract with a former officer and director of Richardson 

Electronics, Ltd. 

66 

 
 
 
 
   
  
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
 
ITEM 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence 

Information  concerning  certain  relationships  and  related  transactions  will  be  contained  in  our  Proxy 
Statement to be issued in connection with our Annual Meeting of Stockholders scheduled to be held on October 10, 
2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. 

ITEM 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services 

Information concerning accountant fees and services will be contained in our Proxy Statement to be issued 
in connection with our Annual Meeting of Stockholders scheduled to be held on October 10, 2023 and is incorporated 
herein by reference. 

67 

 
PART IV 

ITEM 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules 

(a)  List of Documents Filed as a Part of This Report: 

(1) 

Index to Consolidated Financial Statements: 

                        Report of BDO USA, P.A., Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of May 27, 2023 and May 28, 2022. 

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for each of the three years ended May 27, 2023, 
May 28, 2022 and May 29, 2021. 

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for each of the three years ended May 27, 2023, May 28, 2022 
and May 29, 2021. 

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for each of the three years ended May 27, 2023, May 
28, 2022 and May 29, 2021. 

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. 

(2) 

Index to Financial Statement Schedules: 

All schedules have been omitted because the required information is included in the consolidated financial 

statements or the notes thereto, or is not applicable or required. See Exhibit Index. 

(b)  Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedules. 

Our consolidated financial statements being filed as part of this Form 10-K are filed on Item 8 of this Form 
10-K. All other schedules for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulations of the Securities and 
Exchange Commission are not required  under the related instructions or are inapplicable, and therefore have been 
omitted. 

ITEM 16. Form 10-K Summary 

None 

68 

 
  
Exhibit 
Number    

EXHIBIT INDEX 

Description 

2(a) 

2(b) 

2(c) 

3(a) 

3(b) 

  Purchase Agreement between the Company and International Medical Equipment & Services, Inc. dated 
June 15, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K 
filed with the SEC on June 17, 2015). 

  Acquisition Agreement, dated October 1, 2010, among Richardson Electronics, Ltd., certain subsidiaries 
of Richardson Electronics, Ltd. and Arrow Electronics, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to 
the  Company’s  Current  Report  on  Form  8-K,  filed  with  the  Securities  and  Exchange  Commission  on 
October 1, 2010). 

  Amendment No. 1 to Acquisition Agreement, dated February 28, 2011, between Richardson Electronics, 
Ltd., and Arrow Electronics, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(q)(i) to the Company’s Annual 
Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 28, 2011). 

  Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company (incorporated by reference to Annex 
III of the Proxy Statement filed August 22, 2014). 

  Amended  and  Restated  By-Laws  of  the  Company  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  3.1  to  the 
Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 12, 2017). 

4* 

  Description of the Company’s Securities. 

10(a) †    Richardson Electronics, Ltd. 2011 Long-Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Annex A to 
the Company’s Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission 
on August 23, 2011). 

10(a)(i) †   Amendment  to  the  Richardson  Electronics,  Ltd.  2011  Long-Term  Incentive  Plan  (incorporated  by 
reference to Annex II to the Company’s Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A, filed with the Securities and 
Exchange Commission on August 22, 2014).  

10(a)(ii)†   Amendment Two to the Richardson Electronics, Ltd. 2011 Long-Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by 
reference to Annex I to the Company’s Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A, filed with the Securities and 
Exchange Commission on August 24, 2018). 

10(b) †    Amended and Restated Edward J. Richardson Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Appendix A to 

the Company’s Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A, filed with the SEC on August 30, 2012). 

10(c) †    Richardson  Electronics,  Ltd.  2006  Stock  Option  Plan  for  Non-Employee  Directors  (incorporated  by 
reference to Exhibit A to the Company’s Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A, filed with the Securities and 
Exchange Commission on September 12, 2005). 

10(d) †    Employment,  Nondisclosure  and  Non-Compete  Agreement,  dated  June  1,  2004,  by  and  between  the 
Company and Wendy Diddell (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.47 to the Company’s Amendment 
No. 4 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1, Registration No. 333-113568, filed June 14, 2004). 

10(d)(i) †   First Amendment to Employment, Nondisclosure and Non-Compete Agreement, dated May 31, 2007, by 
and  between  the  Company  and  Wendy  Diddell  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.2  to  the 
Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 6, 
2007). 

10(e) †    Employment, Nondisclosure and Non-Compete Agreement dated June 26, 2014, by and between the 

Company and Gregory J. Peloquin (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-
K filed with the SEC on June 27, 2014). 

10(f) 

  Credit Agreement among the Company, the Guarantors party thereto, the Lenders party thereto and PNC 
Bank NA, as Administrative Agent, Swingline Lender and Issuing Lender thereunder  (incorporated by 
reference  to  the  Company’s  Current  Report  on  Form  8-K,  filed  with  the  Securities  and  Exchange 
Commission on March 23, 2023). 

69 

 
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
10(g) 

10(h) 

  Security  Agreement  among  the  Company,  the  Guarantors  party  thereto,  and  PNC  Bank  N.A.,  as 
Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed 
with the Securities and Exchange Commission on  March 23, 2023). 

  Pledge  Agreement  among  the  Company,  the  Guarantors  party  thereto,  and  PNC  Bank  N.A,  as 
administrative Agent  (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed 
with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 23, 2023). 

10(i) † 

  Employment, Nondisclosure and Non-Compete Agreement between the Company and Lee A. McIntyre 
III dated June 15, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on 
Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 17, 2015). 

10(i)(i) †     Amendment to the Employment, Nondisclosure and Non-Compete Agreement between the Company and 
Lee A. McIntyre III dated June 15, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(u) to the Company’s 
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 2, 2018). 

10(i)(ii) †   Amendment, dated December 14, 2018, to the Employment, Nondisclosure and Non-Compete Agreement 
between the Company and Lee A. McIntyre III dated June 15, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 
10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the second quarter of fiscal year ended June 1, 
2019). 

10(j) † 

  Employment, Nondisclosure and Non-Compete Agreement between the Company and Robert J. Ben dated 
as of August 4, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 
8-K with the SEC on August 7, 2015). 

10(k) †    Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement Pursuant to the Richardson Electronics, Ltd. 2011 Long-Term 
Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(r) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-
K for the fiscal year ended June 2, 2018). 

10(l) † 

  Form of Nonqualified Stock Option Award for Employees Pursuant to the Richardson Electronics, Ltd. 
2011 Long-Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit  10(s) to the Company’s Annual 
Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 2, 2018). 

10(m) †    Form of Nonqualified Stock Option Award for Consultants Pursuant to the Richardson Electronics, Ltd. 
2011  Long-Term  Incentive  Plan  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10(t)  to  the  Company’s  Annual 
Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 2, 2018). 

10(n) †    Disclosure of departure of Patrick Fitzgerald and change of responsibility of Wendy Diddell dated March 
13,  2019  (incorporated  by  reference  to  the  Company’s  Current  Report  on  Form  8-K,  filed  with  the 
Securities and Exchange Commission on March 14, 2019). 

10.1 † 

10.2 † 

10.3 † 

10.4 † 

10.5 † 

  Employment, Nondisclosure and Non-Compete Agreement between the Company and Jens Ruppert dated 
June 25, 2015 (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 10-Q, filed with the 
Securities and Exchange Commission on October 10, 2019). 

  Amendment,  dated  May  11,  2021,  to  the  Employment,  Nondisclosure  and  Non-Compete  Agreement 
between the Company and Lee A. McIntyre III dated June 15, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 
10.2 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 29, 2021). 

  Richardson Electronics, Ltd. Amended and Restated 2011 Long-Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by 
reference to Annex A of the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC 
on August 24, 2020). 

  Form of Restrictive Stock Award Agreement Pursuant to the Richardson Electronics, Ltd. Amended and 
Restated 2011 Long-Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s 
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 29, 2021). 

  Form of Nonqualified Stock Option Award for Employees Pursuant to the Richardson Electronics, Ltd. 
Amended and Restated 2011 Long-Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the 
Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 29, 2021). 

     14* 

  Richardson Electronics, LTD. Code of Conduct. 

70 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
     21* 

  Subsidiaries of the Company. 

  23.1* 

  Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm - BDO USA, P.A. 

  31.1* 

  Certification of Edward J. Richardson pursuant to Section 302(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed 
pursuant to Part I). 

  31.2* 

  Certification of Robert J. Ben pursuant to Section 302(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed pursuant 
to Part I). 

  32* 

  Certifications pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed pursuant to Part I). 

101* 

  The following financial information from our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fourth quarter and 
fiscal  year  ended  May  27,  2023,  filed  with  the  SEC  on  July  31,  2023,  formatted  in  Inline  Extensible 
Business  Reporting  Language  (XBRL):  (i)  the  Consolidated  Balance  Sheets,  (ii)  the  Consolidated 
Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (iv) 
the Consolidated Statement of Stockholder’s Equity and (v) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. 

104 

  Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) 

† 
* 

Executive Compensation Plan or Agreement 
Filed herewith 

71 

 
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
SIGNATURES 

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant 

has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.  

Signature 

Title 

By 

/s/ Edward J. Richardson 
Edward J. Richardson 

  Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer 
  (Principal Executive Officer), President and Director 

Date 

July 31, 2023 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by 

the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. 

Signature 

Title 

Date 

/s/ Edward J. Richardson 
Edward J. Richardson 

  Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer  

July 31, 2023 

(Principal Executive Officer), President and Director 

/s/ Robert J. Ben 
Robert J. Ben 

/s/ Jacques Belin 
Jacques Belin 

  Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer 

July 31, 2023 

(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) 

  Director                                                                        

July 31, 2023 

/s/ James Benham 
James Benham 

  Director 

/s/ Wendy S. Diddell 
Wendy S. Diddell 

  Director 

/s/ Kenneth Halverson 
Kenneth Halverson 

  Director 

/s/ Robert Kluge 
Robert Kluge 

/s/ Paul J. Plante 
Paul J. Plante 

  Director 

  Director 

July 31, 2023 

July 31, 2023 

July 31, 2023 

July 31, 2023 

July 31, 2023 

72 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exhibit 4 

DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPANY’S SECURITIES 

Description of Capital Stock 

As of July 25, 2023, Richardson Electronics, Ltd. (the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our”) has one 
class of securities registered under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended: 
our common stock (the “Common Stock”). 

The following description of our capital stock is a summary of the material terms and provisions 
that apply to our capital stock. The summary does not purport to be complete. The summary is 
subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to our Amended and Restated Certificate of 
Incorporation  (“Certificate  of  Incorporation”)  and  our  Amended  and  Restated  By-Laws  (“By-
Laws”), which are filed as exhibits to our Annual Report on Form 10-K and are incorporated by 
reference herein. We encourage you to carefully review our Certificate of Incorporation and our 
Bylaws for additional information. 

As of July 25, 2023, there were outstanding 12,184,674 shares of Common Stock and 2,051,488 
shares of Class B common stock (the “Class B Stock”). 

Authorized Capital Stock 

Our Certificate of Incorporation authorizes the issuance of up to 20,000,000 shares, comprised of 
17,000,000 shares of Common Stock, par value $.05 per share and 3,000,000 shares of Class B 
Stock, par value $.05 per share.  

Common Stock 

Voting Rights 

The  holders  of  our  Common  Stock  are  entitled  to  one  vote  for  each  share  they  own  and  vote 
together with  holders of Class B Stock and any preferred stock on all matters voted on by our 
stockholders (except to the extent required by law or provided by the Certificate of Incorporation). 

The Common Stock does not have cumulative voting rights.  

Dividends 

The holders of the Common Stock shall be entitled to receive, to the extent permitted by law, such 
dividends as may be declared from time to time by the Board of Directors, provided, however, 
that: (a) no cash dividend shall be declared or paid on the Common Stock unless a cash dividend 
equal to 90% of the cash dividend on the Common Stock is simultaneously declared and paid on 
the Class B Stock; (b) other than cash dividends under (a) above, no other distribution of assets, 
property, rights to subscribe or evidence of indebtedness shall be declared or paid on the Common 
Stock unless a distribution in like kind and equal per share amount is simultaneously declared and 
paid on the Class B Stock; and (c) stock dividends declared on the Common Stock shall be payable 
solely in shares of Common Stock. No stock dividend shall be declared or paid on the Common 

 
 
Stock unless a stock dividend payable in shares of Class B Stock, proportionately on a per share 
basis, is simultaneously declared and paid on the Class B Stock. 

Other Provisions  

All  of  the  outstanding  shares  of  Common  Stock  are  fully  paid  and  non-assessable.  Holders  of 
Common Stock have no preemptive rights to purchase or subscribe for any stock or other securities 
and there are no conversion rights or redemption or sinking fund provisions with respect to our 
Common Stock. 

Class B Stock 

Voting Rights  

The holders of our Class B Stock are entitled to ten votes for each share they own and vote together 
with holders of Common Stock and preferred stock on all matters voted on by our stockholders 
(except to the extent required by law or provided by the Certificate of Incorporation). 

The Class B Stock does not have cumulative voting rights.  

Dividends 

The holders of the Class B Stock shall be entitled to receive, to the extent permitted by law, such 
dividends as may be declared from time to time by the Board, provided, however, that: (a) no cash 
dividend shall be declared or paid on the Class B Stock unless a cash dividend is simultaneously 
declared and paid on the Common Stock in an amount so that the cash dividend on the Class B 
Stock is 90% of the cash dividend on the Common Stock; (b) other than cash dividends under (a) 
above, no other distribution of assets, property, rights to subscribe or evidence of indebtedness 
shall be declared or paid on the Class B Stock unless a cash dividend or such other distribution in 
like kind and equal per share amount is simultaneously declared and paid on the Common Stock; 
and (c) stock dividends declared on the Class B Stock shall be payable solely in shares of Class B 
Stock. No stock dividend shall be declared or paid on the Class B Stock unless a stock dividend 
payable  in  shares  of  Common  Stock,  proportionately  on  a  per  share  basis,  is  simultaneously 
declared and paid on the Common Stock.  

Restrictions on Transfer 

Shares  of  Class  B  Stock  are  not  freely  transferable.  A  holder  of  shares  of  Class  B  Stock  may 
transfer those shares (whether by sale, assignment, gift, bequest, appointment or otherwise) only 
to a “Permitted Transferee” (as defined below). A transfer of Class B Stock to any person or entity 
other than a “Permitted Transferee” will result in the automatic conversion of those shares of Class 
B Stock into shares of Common Stock on a share-for-share basis.  

 
 
The “Permitted Transferees” of an individual holder of shares of Class B Stock generally include 
record holders of shares as described below: 

(i) 

(ii) 

(iii) 

(iv) 

(v) 

(vi) 

(vii) 

that stockholder's spouse; 

any lineal descendant of a grandparent of that stockholder and any spouse of that lineal 
descendant  (we  refer  to  these  descendants  and  their  spouses,  together  with  the 
stockholders  in  question  and  their  spouses,  as  the  “Class  B  stockholder's  family 
members”); 

a trustee of a trust for the sole benefit of that stockholder, that Class B stockholder's 
family members and certain charitable organizations; 

certain  charitable  organizations  established  by  that  stockholder  or  that  Class  B 
stockholder's family members or the Company; 

a partnership or corporation  all of the beneficial  ownership of which is  owned (and 
continues to be owned) by that stockholder and/or certain other Permitted Transferees; 

the executor or administrator of the estate of that stockholder; and 

an employee stock ownership plan of ours. 

Shares of Class B Stock may only be registered in the name of the beneficial owner thereof and 
not in a “street” or “nominee” name. The “beneficial owner” of shares of Class B Stock is defined 
as the person or persons who, or the entity or entities which, possess the power to direct the voting 
or the disposition of such shares. 

Conversion 

Shares of Class B Stock are convertible into Common Stock on a share-for-share basis at all times 
at the option of the holder without charge for any stamp or similar tax in respect of such issuance. 
In general, the conversion will be effective as of the date the Class B Stock is surrendered to us for 
conversion. 

Any  transfer,  pledge  or  other  disposition  of  shares  of  Class  B  Stock  other  than  to  a  Permitted 
Transferee will result in an automatic conversion to Common Stock, on a share-for-share basis, 
unless  such  pledge  is  pursuant  to  a  bona  fide  pledge  of  such  shares  as  collateral  security  for 
indebtedness due to the pledgee, provided that such shares shall not be transferred to or registered 
in the name of the pledgee and shall remain subject to the restrictions of transfer described above. 

If at any time the number of issued and outstanding shares of Class B Stock falls below 10% of 
the  aggregate  number  of  issued  and  outstanding  shares  of  Common  Stock,  Class  B  Stock  and 
preferred stock, all the outstanding shares of Class B Stock immediately and automatically will be 
converted into shares of Common Stock. In the event of such a conversion, certificates formerly 
representing  outstanding  shares  of  Class  B  Stock  will  thereafter  be  deemed  to  represent  a  like 
number of shares of Common Stock. 

 
 
All shares of Class B Stock received by the Company upon conversion thereof into Common Stock 
will be returned to the status of authorized but unissued shares of Class B Stock. 

Other Provisions 

All of the outstanding shares of Class B Stock are fully paid and non-assessable. Holders of Class 
B Stock have no preemptive rights to purchase or subscribe for any stock or other securities and 
there are no redemption or sinking fund provisions with respect to our Class B Stock. The Class B 
Stock is subject to transfer and conversion restrictions described above. 

Certain Provisions of Delaware Law, Our Certificate of Incorporation and By-Laws 

Class B Stock 

The holders of our Class B Stock are entitled to 10 votes for each share they own. As a result, the 
holders of Class B Stock have the ability to elect our board of directors. So long as the holders of 
Class B Stock constitute more than 50% of our voting power, they have the ability to control any 
possible merger, consolidation or sale of assets involving us. 

Delaware Anti-Takeover Law 

We are subject to Section 203 (“Section 203”) of the Delaware General Corporation Law. Under 
this provision, we may not engage in any “business combination” with any interested stockholder 
for a period of three years following the date the stockholder became an interested stockholder, 
unless: 

(i) 

(ii) 

(iii) 

prior to that date our Board of Directors approved either the business combination or 
the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder; 

upon  completion  of  the  transaction  that  resulted  in  the  stockholder  becoming  an 
interested  stockholder,  the  interested  stockholder  owned  at  least  85%  of  the  voting 
stock outstanding at the time the transaction began; or 

on  or  following  that  date,  the  business  combination  is  approved  by  our  Board  of 
Directors  and  authorized  at  an  annual  or  special  meeting  of  stockholders  by  the 
affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the outstanding voting stock that is not owned 
by the interested stockholder. 

Section 203 defines “business combination” to include, subject to limited exceptions: 

(i) 

(ii) 

(iii) 

any merger or consolidation involving the corporation and the interested stockholder; 

any  sale,  transfer,  pledge  or  other  disposition  of  10%  or  more  of  the  assets  of  the 
corporation involving the interested stockholder; 

any transaction that results in the issuance or transfer by the corporation of any stock 
of the corporation to the interested stockholder; 

 
 
(iv) 

(v) 

any  transaction  involving  the  corporation  that  has  the  effect  of  increasing  the 
proportionate share of the stock of any class or series of the corporation beneficially 
owned by the interested stockholder; or 

the  receipt  by  the  interested  stockholder  of  the  benefit  of  any  loans,  advances, 
guarantees, pledges or other financial benefits provided by or through the corporation. 

In general, Section 203 defines an “interested stockholder” as any entity or person beneficially 
owning 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation and any entity or person 
affiliated with or controlling or controlled by the entity or person. 

The  restrictions  of  Section  203  of  the  Delaware  General  Corporation  Law  do  not  apply  to 
corporations that have elected, in the manner provided therein, not to be subject to Section 203 of 
the  Delaware  General  Corporation  Law.  The  Company  has  not  made  such  an  election. 
Accordingly, the Company would be subject to Section 203 in the event of a business combination. 

Transfer Agent 

EQ Shareholder Services is the Transfer Agent and Registrar for our capital stock.

 
 
                                                                                                    Exhibit 14 

RICHARDSON ELECTRONICS, LTD. 
CODE OF CONDUCT 

Effective April 2022 

April 2022 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 

1.  ETHICAL COMMITMENT   5 

1.1.  Honest and Integrity    6 

1.2.  Responsibilities as Leaders  7 

1.3.  A Simple Test for Ethical Decision Making 

7 

1.4.  Purpose of the Code of Conduct 

7 

1.5.  Applicability of the Code of Conduct 

8 

2.  RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT 

2.1. 

Tangible Corporate Assets 

8 

8 

2.2. 

Intangible Corporate Assets  8 

2.2.1.  Richardson Electronics, Ltd. Confidential / Proprietary                 

Information and Intellectual Property  8 

2.2.2.  Confidential/Proprietary Information of Others  9 

2.2.3.  Protecting Competitive Information 

  9 

2.2.4.  Personal Use of Material Non-Public Information 

10 

2.2.5.  Protecting Employee Information (Employee Privacy) 10 

2.3.  Document Ownership and Retention 

11 

2.4.  Avoiding Misrepresentation 

11 

3.  CONFLICTS OF INTEREST 

11 

3.1. 

Family and Friends  12 

3.2.  Gifts and Entertainment  13 

3.2.1.  Gifts and Entertainment to/from Government Officials 14 

3.3.  Purchasing Decisions and Supplier Relations 14 

3.4.  Employment Outside the Company 15 

3.5.  Ownership in Other Businesses 

15 

2 

April 2022 

 
 
 
 
 
3.6.  Misappropriation of Business Opportunities  16 

3.7.  Political Activity and Contributions  16 

3.8.  Conflict Disclosure Requirements  16 

4.  ACCURATE REPORTING AND RECORDS MANAGEMENT  17 

4.1.  Corporate Disclosure Requirements 

17 

4.2.  Proper Accounting and Recordkeeping  17 

5.  RESPECT AND COMPLIANCE WITH APPLICABLE LAWS AND  

REGULATIONS  18 

5.1. 

Labor and Employment  18 

5.2. 

Fair Competition and Antitrust 18 

5.2.1. 

Dealing with Customers   19 

5.2.2. 

Dealing with Competitors   20 

5.2.3. 

Participating in Industry Associations 

21 

5.3.      The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA), the U.K. Bribery Act 

and The Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) 
Anti-Bribery Convention   21 
5.3.1. 

Foreign Government Officials Defined  22 

5.3.2. 

Bribes and Kickbacks 

23 

5.3.3. 

Commissioned Agents, Sales Representative and  

Consultants 

23 

5.3.4. 

Recordkeeping 

24 

5.3.5. 

Facilitation Payments 

24 

5.4.  Environmental, Health and Safety  24 

5.5. 

Import and Export Laws  25 

April 2022 

3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6.  REPORTING PROCEDURES  25 

6.1.  Obligation to Report        25 

6.2.  Retaliation Prohibited 

25 

6.3.  Confidential Reporting  26 

6.4.  Whistleblower Protection Rights 

28 

7.  IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CODE  28 

7.1.  Administration   28 

7.2.  Acknowledgment 

  28 

7.3.  Disciplinary Actions   29 

7.4.  Waivers of the Code  29 

April 2022 

4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1.  ETHICAL COMMITMENT 

As a Richardson Electronics, Ltd. employee or Director, you are expected to act in the best 
interests of the Company and in a manner that is consistent with the highest legal, moral, and 
ethical business standards.  This high standard is crucial to upholding the integrity of our 
corporation. 

As employees and Directors, we are accountable to behave honestly and with integrity in all of 
our business practices, including when we deal with customers, suppliers, other third parties 
and with one another.  By doing so we help to shape Richardson Electronics, Ltd.’s reputation – 
an intangible asset that, when positive, is so important to have, so easy to lose and so difficult to 
recapture.  We will walk away from business we cannot achieve ethically and legally. 

The following commitments establish the basis for the Company’s Code of Conduct: 

•  To our employees:  We are committed to providing all employees the opportunity to work 

in an environment free of harassment and unsafe conditions. 

•  To our suppliers:  We are committed to being a good customer, encouraging and 
practicing fair competition, maintaining a sense of responsibility, and building 
professional and ethical relationships. 

•  To our customers:  We are committed to providing value through high- quality service 

and products. 

•  To our communities:  We are committed to responsible actions within our greater 

community. 

This Code of Conduct will provide a framework and a set of guidelines for compliance with the 
ethical standards which guide our daily business activities.  In conducting our business we 
support Richardson Electronics, Ltd.’s interests by understanding and practicing the spirit of the 
guidelines set forth in this Code of Conduct.  Observing this Code is of utmost importance to 
Richardson Electronics, Ltd.  The character of Richardson Electronics, Ltd. is reflected by the 
daily actions of its employees. 

This Code of Conduct cannot and is not intended to cover every applicable law or provide 
answers to all questions that might arise; for that we must ultimately rely on each person’s 
sense of what is right, including a sense of when it is proper to seek guidance from others on 
the appropriate course of conduct. 

Whether you are new to Richardson Electronics, Ltd. or have been contributing to our success 
for many years, please take the time to review these guidelines carefully. 

April 2022 

5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1.1.  Honesty and Integrity 

There are two dimensions to honesty: honesty in communications and honesty in 
conduct. 

Honesty in communications requires a good-faith intent to be truthful, accurate, 
straightforward and fair in all communications so that persons are not misled or 
deceived.  Honesty in communications requires: 

•  Truthfulness:  The ethical principle of truthfulness requires the good- faith 

intent to tell the truth.  Truthfulness precludes intentional misrepresentations 
of fact, intent or opinion. 

•  Sincerity:  Sincerity means that we will not create belief or impressions that 
are untrue, misleading or deceptive, including deliberate omissions, half-
truths and out-of-context statements. 

•  Candor:  In relationships involving legitimate expectations of trust, honesty 

may also require candor, the obligation to volunteer information that the other 
person needs or wants to know. 

Honesty in conduct precludes stealing, cheating, fraud, deception and other forms of 
dishonesty to acquire anything of value (including money, jobs, competitive 
information or the approval of others). 

Integrity embraces but means more than honesty.  Integrity refers to the ethical 
principle of consistency between principle and practice.  Integrity requires us to treat 
our beliefs about right and wrong as the ground rules for our daily behavior and 
decision-making.  It requires us to walk our talk and to make decisions consistent 
with our values, especially our ethical values. 

There are two aspects to integrity: being principled and having moral courage. 

•  Being principled involves the elevation of principle over expediency or self-
interest and requires a consistency between words and actions.  You don’t 
just say what you believe about ethics, you show it. 

•  Moral Courage requires us to do what is right even when it is likely to cost us 
more than we want to pay and more than we think is fair.  It occasionally 
requires us to stand up and be counted, to fight for our beliefs, to 
demonstrate the courage of our convictions in spite of social, economic or 
political pressures. 

April 2022 

6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1.2.  Responsibilities as Leaders 

Each of Richardson Electronics, Ltd.’s leaders has a unique responsibility to 
encourage discussion of the ethical and legal implications of business decisions.  
This responsibility includes creating and sustaining a work environment in which 
employees, business partners, suppliers and contract workers and consultants know 
that ethical and legal behavior is expected of them.  Such an environment requires 
open and honest two-way communications and being alert to indications that 
unethical or illegal conduct has occurred.  At all times leaders are to advance, 
ethically and legally, the interests of Richardson Electronics, Ltd.  This includes 
notifying appropriate executive management and taking appropriate action when it is 
determined that violations may have occurred. 

1.3.  A Simple Test for Ethical Decision Making 

If you are not certain that your actions are proper, a simple check is to ask yourself 
the following questions: 

•  How would I feel if my family or friends knew of my actions? 
•  Would I behave differently if I knew my actions would be reported on the 

evening news? 

•  Does this meet “the treat others as you would like them to treat you” test? 
If the threat of public scrutiny makes you squirm, then your conscience is 
saying something important.  Pay attention.  You're playing with something 
that could tarnish a reputation, yours and Richardson Electronics, Ltd.'s. If in 
doubt, ask.  Talk it out with your supervisor. 

1.4.  Purpose of the Code of Conduct 

The purpose of the Company’s Code of Conduct is to provide guidelines for 
conducting Company business in a legally and ethically appropriate manner.  Each 
Director and employee is responsible for ensuring that his or her own conduct 
complies with this Code.  Any person who violates the Code of Conduct will be held 
accountable for his or her action(s).  Disciplinary action for violations of the Code 
may range up to and include immediate termination. 

All  statements  contained  in  this  Code  are  intended  to  reflect  general  policies, 
principles, and procedures, do not represent contractual commitments on the part of 
the Company, and may be changed at any time without notice. 

Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, nothing in this Code should be 
construed to grant to any employee any right to benefits under any employee benefit 
plan, program or arrangement. 

Any time that you have questions about the Code of Conduct, or the application of 
these principles, contact your supervisor, your Human Resources Representative or, 
if necessary, the Chief Executive Officer of the Company. 

April 2022 

7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1.5.  Applicability of the Code of Conduct 

These guidelines apply equally to Directors, Company officers, employees and 
individuals who are engaged to assist or render services on behalf of Richardson 
Electronics, Ltd.  This includes attorneys, business consultants, advisors, agents, 
contractors and other representatives in providing such services.  It is contrary to our 
code of conduct to engage another individual to do something on our behalf that 
would be in violation of our code and that we are prohibited from doing ourselves. 

2.  RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT 

A Company’s assets, both tangible and intangible, are intended to advance the interests of the 
Company and represent a source of current and future value for the Company.  Company 
assets include tangible items such as facilities, equipment, inventory, funds, business records, 
computer systems and equipment.  The intangible assets of the Company include things such 
as company time, intellectual property (e.g. patents and trademarks), competitive information 
and other proprietary or sensitive information.  Each of us has a responsibility to protect 
Company assets from theft, loss, damage, and waste so as to avoid a negative impact on the 
Company’s profitability, value and prospects. 

2.1. 

Tangible Corporate Assets 

Any use of Company property, facilities, or employee services must comply with the 
appropriate Company policies.  These policies include, but are not limited to, the 
policies described in the Employee Handbook. Company personnel have 
accountability for the acquisition, use or misuse, and disposition of Company 
property. Employees may not take or divert Company property, equipment, or 
employee services for personal use. 

Proper use and safeguarding of Richardson Electronics, Ltd.’s information systems 
assets is governed by the Policy on the Use of Company Property and 
Communications Systems. 

2.2. 

Intangible Corporate Assets 

2.2.1.  Richardson Electronics, Ltd. Confidential/Proprietary Information and 

Intellectual Property 

Each Richardson Electronics, Ltd. employee is responsible for safeguarding 
and appropriately using the Company’s intangible assets, such as 
confidential/proprietary information, intellectual property and innovative ideas.  
Richardson Electronics, Ltd. employees shall not, at any time during or 
subsequent to employment, disclose any confidential/proprietary information 
or intellectual property to any person or entity that is not an employee of 
Richardson Electronics, Ltd.  This responsibility to protect confidential 
information is subject to Whistleblower Protection Rights. 

April 2022 

8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
“Confidential/proprietary information” means any information not generally 
known or previously published to the public by Richardson Electronics, Ltd. 
which concerns any of Richardson Electronics, Ltd.’s business or prospective 
future business.  This includes, for example, non-public financial, business 
and operating information, budgets, sales or earnings forecasts, business 
and strategic plans, pricing information and contract terms, information about 
customer, supplier or prospects, marketing plans, new product or service 
information, and other proprietary business information and methods.  
Intellectual property assets are not limited to those in written form, but also 
include information in electronic form as well as information that may be held 
in the minds and memories of Richardson Electronics, Ltd. employees. 

“Intellectual property” includes information pertaining to patents, trademarks, 
copyrights and trade secrets.  Such information/property should not be 
disclosed to third parties without the express consent of the Chief Executive 
Officer or a Senior Vice President of the Company.  Access to sensitive 
Company information should be limited to those who legitimately need it to do 
work for Richardson Electronics, Ltd. It should be used for Company 
business purposes only, and not for personal benefit or the benefit of others. 

2.2.2.  Confidential/Proprietary Information of Others 

Confidential/proprietary information belonging to other companies must be 
given protection against unauthorized disclosure and use consistent with the 
specific obligations Richardson Electronics, Ltd. agreed to when it accepted 
such information. In the absence of such specific obligations, third-party 
confidential and proprietary information is to be given the same level of 
protection against unauthorized disclosure and use that we give our own 
information. 

2.2.3.  Protecting Competitive Information 

To compete and succeed in the global marketplace, every Richardson 
Electronics, Ltd. employee has a responsibility to protect the company’s 
competitive information.  To that end, employees should: 

▪  Avoid taking sensitive documents from Company premises.  If you 

must, keep valuable papers with you at all times.  Documents left 
unattended are subject to compromise or theft. 

▪  Mark confidential documents when sending electronically or otherwise 

to customers, suppliers, Richardson Electronics, Ltd. employees and 
other authorized recipients. 

▪  Be guarded in what you say on the telephone in public settings and on 

mobile phones. 

▪  Guard your laptop computer.  Stealing laptops is a common way of 

acquiring business secrets. 

▪  Be careful what you say in casual conversation with "friendly" 

strangers.  Pay attention to those around you who might overhear a 
business conversation. 

April 2022 

9 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
▪  Remember that trashed papers, disks, audio tapes and other items 
can be treasures for unauthorized people who are interested in 
knowing more about Richardson Electronics, Ltd.'s business.  Use 
appropriate practices (shredding, secure containers, etc.) when 
disposing of sensitive materials. 

▪  Theft of briefcases is common; take care not to leave your brief case 

unattended.  Avoid leaving computers, briefcases or other sensitive 
materials in unattended vehicles. 

2.2.4.  Personal Use of Material Non-Public Information 

Directors, officers and Richardson Electronics, Ltd. employees may have 
access to material information about Richardson Electronics, Ltd. or other 
companies that is not publicly available.  Federal and state securities laws 
prohibit “insider trading” on such information. Penalties for insider trading are 
serious and can include criminal prosecution.  Employees are also restricted 
by the Company’s Insider Trading Policy. 

Additional information about insider trading can be found in Richardson 
Electronics, Ltd.’s Insider Trading Policy.  Questions about insider trading 
should be directed to the Chief Financial Officer. 

2.2.5.  Protecting Employee Information (Employee Privacy) 

Richardson Electronics, Ltd. requires access to personal employee 
information in order to administer programs such as payroll and benefits. 
Information such as personal phone number(s), address, Social Security 
Number, family information, benefits selections, medical conditions, salary 
and performance ratings is considered confidential.  This data as well as 
employee personnel files can be accessed only by authorized employees for 
business purposes or other purposes permitted by law.  Additionally, this 
information will be shared outside of the Company only as required by law, to 
administer benefits or other programs, to make decisions about the 
applicability of certain laws, or as necessary for other business reasons. 

If, as an employee, you have access to personal information about any of our 
employees as part of your job, you must use it solely for business purposes 
or as permitted/required by law. 

April 2022 

10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.3.  Document Ownership and Retention 

Procedures have been established to assure that records are maintained for required 
periods and that records no longer needed are destroyed on a timely basis.  Record 
retention schedules should be reviewed regularly and followed consistently. 

All documents created by any of the Richardson Electronics, Ltd.’s employees in the 
performance of their job duties are the property of the Richardson Electronics, Ltd.  If 
you have any doubt about the propriety or legality of disposing of a document, it is 
imperative that you consult with your Supervisor, your Human Resources 
Representative or, if necessary, the Chief Executive Officer of the Company. 
Directors and Company Officers should consult with the Chief Executive Officer or, if 
necessary, the Chairman of the Audit Committee.  Destruction of records to avoid 
disclosure in a legal proceeding may constitute a criminal offense. 

If you have reason to believe that other individuals have withheld, unlawfully 
disposed of, falsified, or are considering destroying or falsifying potentially relevant 
documents, you must report your suspicions immediately to your Supervisor, your 
Human Resources Representative or, if necessary, the Chief Executive Officer of the 
Company. 

2.4.  Avoiding Misrepresentation 

It is important that you not present a false or misleading impression of the authority 
you have to act on the Company’s behalf.  With regard to requests for proprietary 
information or opinions about our business, it is inappropriate for you to speak on the 
Company’s behalf, unless specifically authorized. 

3.  CONFLICTS OF INTEREST 

Each employee, Director and Company Officer will act with honesty and integrity, including the 
ethical handling of actual or apparent conflicts of interest among personal and professional 
relationships.  All Company Directors and employees are expected to make business decisions 
based on the best interests of Richardson Electronics, Ltd. as a whole and not based on 
personal interests, relationships or benefits.  We are accountable to perform our job 
responsibilities in an ethical manner to avoid inappropriate conflicts of interest or the 
appearance of such conflicts. 

A conflict of interest generally arises when an individual’s personal or private interest in a 
situation or transaction influences or appears to influence the individual’s ability to act in the 
best interests of the Company as a whole or otherwise impairs that individual’s objective 
judgment as to what is best for the Company. 

April 2022 

11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Actual or potential conflict of interest situations may arise directly or indirectly, through the 
involvement of a family member or close personal friend.  Such situations include, but are not 
limited to, making purchasing decisions based on self-interest rather than the Company’s 
interest, taking on outside work that makes it difficult to objectively or effectively carry out our 
responsibilities to the Company, engaging in personal relationships that might impair our 
independence or judgment, or accepting unearned personal benefits as a result of our position 
at Richardson Electronics, Ltd.  

Employees are obligated to review their personal and employment situations and discuss, with 
the Chief Executive Officer, any possible conflicts of interest or appearances of conflicts of 
interest that may arise from their own relationships, transactions or activities, or from the 
relationships, transactions or activities of their immediate family members. 

Although it is impossible to identify every situation in which such conflicts could occur, sections 
3.1 through 3.7 of this Code provide guidance regarding some common conflicts of interest: 

3.1. 

Family and Friends 

While conflict of interest guidelines are not intended to unduly interfere with 
employees' families or personal lives, there are situations in which the actions of 
family members and close personal friends may present a conflict of interest for the 
employee.  A conflict of interest could arise if you, your spouse, a relative, a former 
or current co-worker, or a close personal friend, have a personal stake in a company 
that supplies or seeks to supply goods or services to Richardson Electronics, Ltd., is 
a Richardson Electronics, Ltd. customer or potential customer, or competes with 
Richardson Electronics, Ltd.  If such situations exist, you should follow the standards 
listed below: 

• 

If you, your spouse, a relative, a former or current co-worker or a close 
personal friend is an employee of, or has a financial interest in a business 
that provides or is seeking to provide goods or services to Richardson 
Electronics, Ltd., you must not attempt to use your position with Richardson 
Electronics, Ltd. to influence the bidding process or negotiation in any way.  If 
you are directly involved in supplier selection or purchasing functions, you 
must declare this conflict of interest to your Supervisor immediately and be 
removed from the decision-making process.  Similarly, you must not use 
personal relationships to improperly influence dealings with a customer or 
potential customer. 

• 

If you have a relative or friend who works for a competitor, you should 
discuss with the Chief Executive Officer.  Potential problems can then be 
discussed. 

April 2022 

12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3.2.  Gifts and Entertainment 

The purpose of business gifts and entertainment in a commercial setting should be to 
promote business relationships and goodwill, and not to create an unfair advantage 
or improper influence.  It is recognized that under certain circumstances and in some 
cultures, gifts and entertainment play an important role in business relationships.  
The problem arises when they begin to compromise, or even appear to compromise, 
our ability to make objective and fair business decisions.  For this reason, 
Richardson Electronics, Ltd. requires moderation and discretion in the provision and 
acceptance of gifts, entertainment and other business courtesies.  All employees 
must avoid any situation that could conflict, or appear to conflict, with the best 
interests of the Company, or prejudice the way the Company does business. 

While Richardson Electronics, Ltd. understands the value of proper business 
courtesies, no gift or entertainment should be offered, given, provided or accepted by 
any Director or employee or our agents if it may reasonably affect the recipient’s 
ability or willingness to act in the best interests of the Company.  Additionally, no gift 
or entertainment should be offered, given, provided or accepted if it is accompanied 
by an express or implied understanding that the recipient is obligated, or may appear 
obligated, to provide preferential treatment to the provider in exchange for the gift. 

Gifts are defined as anything given as a result of a business relationship for which 
the recipient does not pay fair market value, including intangible goods and services 
such as travel, lodging and entertainment. 

Gifts of nominal value, or normal business sales promotion items, may be offered or 
accepted if they are customary in the trade and would not cause, or appear to cause, 
the donor to be embarrassed or the recipient to be embarrassed or obligated.  For 
purposes of these guidelines, gifts valued at or perceived to have a retail value 
greater than $100 are considered to be outside of the definition of nominal. 

Business entertainment (including meals, golfing, lodging, and transportation) should 
be reasonable and appropriate for the occasion.  Good judgment must be exercised, 
and entertainment must not appear unusual, lavish or extravagant as viewed by an 
objective third party.  A legitimate business purpose for all entertainment must exist 
and, if an employee expense report is to be filed, appropriate documentation 
supporting the expenses must be provided in accordance with corporate policy.  To 
avoid the appearance of an obligation or of improper influence, both the business 
associate and the employee must be present. 

When local customs or other circumstances make it very difficult or embarrassing for 
an employee not to accept a gift with a value in excess of $100, the employee must 
report the acceptance or the offering of the gift to the Chief Financial Officer.  
Depending on the value of the accepted gift and specific circumstances, the gift may 
become Company property.  If required by local customs or other circumstances, 
gifts given in excess of $100 must be approved in advance, accurately and 
completely accounted for and reported on company books and records. 

April 2022 

13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following are also subject to the aforementioned guidelines: 

•  Gifts received, or won, while an employee is participating in an event as a 

representative of Richardson Electronics, Ltd. 

•  Gifts to an employee’s spouse, partner or other family member. 
•  Gifts exchanged during traditional gift-giving or holiday seasons. 
•  Gifts exchanged as part of a company event. 

Under no circumstances are employees to solicit personal gifts, cash, cash 
equivalents, loans, travel or personal discounts from Company business contacts. 

3.2.1  Gifts and Entertainment to/from Government Officials  

Outside the United States 
In some countries, certain businesses are owned in whole or in part by the 
government.  Depending on the country, the managers and/or the employees 
of these businesses might be considered government officials.  Under such 
circumstances, ordinary and reasonable business entertainment or gifts as 
defined above, which are customary and legal in the local environment, are 
generally permissible.  Additionally, reasonable and bona fide expenditures, 
such as travel and lodging expenses directly related to the promotion or 
demonstration of the Company’s products or services, may be acceptable.  
However, consideration of the requirements of the Foreign Corrupt Practices 
Act should be carefully considered whenever gifts and entertainment are 
provided to foreign government officials.  As Richardson Electronics, Ltd. 
wishes to avoid even the appearance of impropriety, additional guidance 
should be sought from the Chief Financial Officer prior to any such 
transactions. 

Inside the United States 
Richardson Electronics, Ltd. does not permit the giving of any gifts, even 
those of nominal value, to any U.S. government official or employee.  
Expenses for moderate food and beverage, but no entertainment, may be 
incurred when it is clear that the meal with the public official is being used for 
proper business purposes. 

3.3.  Purchasing Decisions and Supplier Relations 

Personal conflicts of interest must be avoided when making purchasing decisions of 
any kind. 

When dealing with, influencing or making decisions affecting suppliers, employees 
must be careful not to inadvertently obligate either themselves or the Company to a 
supplier.  When conducting business with suppliers, employees are expected to act 
fairly, objectively and in the Company's best interest at all times.  Purchasing 
decisions must be based on need, price, quality, service and supply capabilities. In 
practice, this means no employee will accept or solicit any benefit from a supplier or 
potential supplier that might compromise, or even appear to compromise, his or her 
objective assessment of the supplier's product.  Such benefits include personal gifts, 
cash, cash equivalents, loans, travel, personal discounts, employment offers for 
family or friends, or anything else of other than nominal value. 

April 2022 

14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
All invoices submitted by a supplier or vendor must be in writing with sufficient and 
accurate descriptions of all services rendered and applicable charges.  No employee 
will require suppliers to give up trade with our competitors or require suppliers to buy 
our products to retain their supply agreements with us.  No employee will pressure 
another employee to make a purchasing decision motivated by that employee's 
personal self-interest.  To avoid even the appearance of putting pressure on 
suppliers, no Company employee will solicit or accept gifts of merchandise or 
services from suppliers for Company events or charitable activities. 

3.4.  Employment Outside the Company 

While Richardson Electronics, Ltd. has no desire to interfere with the personal lives 
of its employees, certain employment situations outside Richardson Electronics, Ltd. 
raise potential conflict of interest situations.  In some cases, Richardson Electronics, 
Ltd. employees may be involved in outside businesses that are not Richardson 
Electronics, Ltd. competitors or suppliers or may hold political office or serve on civic 
boards.  These situations do not necessarily constitute conflicts of interest, but it is 
the employee's responsibility to ensure that this activity does not conflict with 
Richardson Electronics, Ltd.'s interests.  This requires keeping the two activities 
strictly separate by: 

•  not doing work related to the other organization on Richardson Electronics, 

Ltd. time; 

•  not using Richardson Electronics, Ltd. equipment and supplies, or the time of 

any Richardson Electronics, Ltd. employee, for your outside work; 
•  not promoting products or services from an outside business to other 

Richardson Electronics, Ltd. employees during working hours; 

•  not attempting to sell products or services from an outside business to 

Richardson Electronics, Ltd.; and 

•  not using your Richardson Electronics, Ltd. employment or your position in 

the company to promote an outside business. 

Other employment situations clearly give rise to a conflict of interest and should be 
avoided.  These situations include requests to serve as directors or officers of, or 
consultants or employees for any organization that supplies goods or services to 
Richardson Electronics, Ltd., buys goods or services from Richardson Electronics, 
Ltd. or competes with Richardson Electronics, Ltd. Individuals should not accept 
such work without prior approval from the Chief Executive Officer.  Additionally, 
employees may not act as consultants or testify as an expert witness at the request 
of third parties without prior approval from the Chief Executive Officer. 

3.5.  Ownership in Other Businesses 

Richardson Electronics, Ltd. Directors and employees should not own, directly or 
indirectly, a financial interest in any business entity that does or seeks to do business 
with or is in competition with Richardson Electronics, Ltd. unless specific written 
approval has been granted in advance by the Chief Executive Officer.  As a guide, 
financial interest is defined as ownership by an employee and/or family member(s) of 
more than 1% of the outstanding securities/capital value of the business entity. 

April 2022 

15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3.6.  Misappropriation of Business Opportunities 

In some cases, Richardson Electronics, Ltd. may be interested in business or 
investment opportunities identified by an employee or made known to an employee 
as a result of one's contact with customers or suppliers. In such cases, an employee 
is expected to advise Chief Executive Officer of such opportunities or investments 
before acting on them either on behalf of the company or privately. 

3.7.  Political Activity and Contributions 

Richardson Electronics, Ltd. encourages its Directors and employees to become 
involved in civic activities and affairs, including charitable or educational activities.  
Such activities must be carried out on the employees' own time and at their own 
expense. 

3.8.  Conflict Disclosure Requirements 

The Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of publicly traded companies 
are required to personally certify to the accuracy of the Company’s financial 
disclosures and adequacy of internal controls on a quarterly basis and Richardson 
Electronics, Ltd. is required to disclose information about certain transactions 
involving the Company and its directors, executive officers and other enumerated 
parties in certain of its public filings.  Accordingly, it is important for employees and 
Directors to inform the Company of all related-party transactions.  As a company, we 
must ensure that all transactions are at “arms length” such that all potential parties to 
a transaction have an equal opportunity to conduct business with Richardson 
Electronics, Ltd. 

For the avoidance of doubt, employees and Directors should inform the Company of 
any goods or services purchase, or any other transaction with an outside party who 
is related to either the purchasing decision maker or a member of Richardson 
Electronics, Ltd.’s management team.  A related party is defined as an individual (or 
a business entity which that individual owns or is employed by) who is:  (1) a current 
or former employee of the company or Richardson Electronics, Ltd.; (2) related by 
blood, marriage or cohabitation to a current or former employee of the company or 
Richardson Electronics, Ltd.; or (3) serves or has served as a Director of the 
company or Richardson Electronics, Ltd.  All transactions that meet these criteria 
must be disclosed to the Company regardless of materiality.  Such disclosure does 
not necessarily represent an inappropriate business relationship or transaction.  If 
the disclosure to the Company regarding such transaction is found to be conflicting, 
appropriate action will be taken to ensure proper compliance. 

April 2022 

16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4.  ACCURATE REPORTING AND RECORDS MANAGEMENT 

It is Richardson Electronics, Ltd.’s policy that information be recorded with honesty and integrity 
such that the Company’s books and records accurately reflect all corporate transactions. 

4.1.  Corporate Disclosure Requirements 

As a public company, Richardson Electronics, Ltd. is required to comply with 
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) guidelines which require the filing of 
various periodic and other reports with the SEC and for public disclosure.  It is 
Company policy to make appropriately full, fair, accurate, timely and understandable 
disclosure in reports and documents the Company files or submits to the SEC and in 
other public communications made by the Company.  Both federal law and our 
policies require the disclosure of accurate and appropriately complete information 
regarding the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.  
Each employee must ensure that all reasonable and necessary steps, within his or 
her areas of responsibility, are taken to provide appropriately full, fair, accurate, 
timely and understandable disclosure in reports and documents that the Company 
files with or submits to the SEC or state regulators, and in all other regulatory filings. 

The Directors and officers of Richardson Electronics, Ltd. are expected to promote 
compliance with this policy any uphold an environment whereby all employees at all 
times feel free to fully disclose the information required to ensure appropriately 
complete, fair, accurate timely and understandable reporting.  If any Director or 
employee of Richardson Electronics, Ltd. has any concerns regarding Richardson 
Electronics, Ltd.’s accounting or auditing practices, they are encouraged to report 
those concerns immediately to the Chief Financial Officer or to the Chairperson of 
the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.  An anonymous communication 
channel has also been established as described in section 6.3 of this code. 

In addition, each employee who participates in public and stockholder 
communications must provide fair, accurate, understandable and appropriately 
complete information whenever communicating with the Company’s stockholders or 
the general public.  As described in the Corporate Communications Policy, no 
employee shall communicate, on behalf of the Company, with the Company’s 
stockholders or the general public unless expressly authorized by the Company to 
make these communications. 

4.2.  Proper Accounting and Recordkeeping 

It is the Company’s policy that all accounting and recordkeeping be an accurate and 
true record of the Company’s financial transactions, accounts and business 
operations.  All transactions must be recorded in a timely and accurate fashion to 
reflect the economics of the Company’s dealings.  This includes accurate recording 
of time worked, business expenses incurred, research, engineering and other test 
results, production data, environmental reporting and all other business-related 
activities. 

The making of false or fictitious entries in the Company’s books is prohibited.  No 
entry may be made on the company's books and records that intentionally hides or 

April 2022 

17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
disguises the true nature of any transaction.  If an unintentional error is discovered it 
must be corrected openly and promptly.  Reports or records should not be used to 
mislead those who receive them or to conceal anything that is improper or known to 
be in error. 

The Company’s Officers and other employees working in the accounting department 
have a special responsibility to ensure that all of the Company’s financial disclosures 
are full, fair, accurate, timely and understandable.  These employees must 
understand and strictly comply with generally accepted accounting principles and all 
standards, laws and regulations for accounting and financial reporting of 
transactions, estimates and forecasts. 

In addition, accurate and reliable internal records and reports are critical to the 
corporate decision-making process which relies on the data provided to management 
and the Board of Directors.  Accurate internal records are also necessary to ensure 
that the Company conforms to all financial and legal reporting obligations. 

5.  RESPECT AND COMPLIANCE WITH APPLICABLE LAWS AND REGULATIONS 

The Company’s activities and the individual actions of its Directors, Officers and employees 
must be in compliance with all applicable federal, state, foreign and local laws and regulations.  
When there is a question regarding the laws and regulations surrounding an activity, you should 
consult with your Supervisor, your Human Resources Representative or, if necessary, the Chief 
Executive Officer of the Company.  Directors and Officers should consult with outside legal 
counsel representing the Company, the Chief Executive Officer of the Company or, if 
necessary, the Chairperson of the Audit Committee. 

If you are ever asked to deviate from legal or regulatory requirements, you have an obligation to 
inform your Supervisor, Human Resources, or the Chief Executive Officer.  If you observe or are 
informed of deviations from legal or regulatory requirements you also have a responsibility to 
report them to your Supervisor, Human Resources, or the Chief Executive Officer. 

5.1. 

Labor and Employment 

Richardson Electronics, Ltd. adheres to all federal, state, and local laws regarding 
labor and employment. Laws include but are not limited to those covering equal 
employment opportunity, harassment and discrimination, and safety and health. 

5.2. 

Fair Competition and Antitrust 

The Company’s efforts in the marketplace must be conducted in a fair and equitable 
manner and in strict accordance with the letter and spirit of applicable antitrust and 
trade practice laws and regulations.  Under no circumstances shall any Company 
personnel or individuals otherwise associated with the Company be a party to any 
collusion or concerted effort of any type, involving any competitor, customer, or any 
other party, which is in restraint of trade or in violation of any applicable antitrust law 
or regulation. 

April 2022 

18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Antitrust laws are complex and cover a broad range of conduct.  The main purpose 
of antitrust laws is to preserve competition by prohibiting agreements or action that 
could unreasonably restrain the functioning of a free and competitive marketplace.  
In short, any agreement or action that could limit competition may be a violation of 
these laws.  Even verbal exchanges can, at times, be viewed as an “agreement” so 
employees in contact with customers, suppliers and competitors must exercise 
caution in their contact.  While certain discussions may be permissible, others may 
be illegal, and no such discussions or collaboration should take place without the 
prior approval of the Chief Executive Officer. 

Although it is impossible to identify every situation where competition may be 
hindered, or perceived to be hindered, the sections 5.2.1 and 5.2.2 of this Code 
cover some of the more common business activities prohibited by antitrust laws. 

Directors and employees are required to promptly report to the Chief Executive 
Officer any instance in which a third party has raised any of the topics covered in 
sections 5.2.1 and 5.2.2 or otherwise suggested collaboration, or any other violations 
of antitrust laws. 

5.2.1.  Dealing with Customers 

Certain activities with respect to customers, such as pricing below cost, price 
discrimination, exclusive dealing, requiring tie-in sales or disparaging a 
competitor's products or services can raise serious antitrust issues.  This 
section describes these practices generally and identifies those situations 
where it is important to consult with the Chief Executive Officer before taking 
action. 

Predatory  Pricing/Pricing  Below  Cost:    Predatory  pricing  arises  where 
below-cost  pricing  is  intended  to  drive  out  smaller  rivals  and  allow  the  one 
company to control market pricing of its products.  Antitrust rules in this area 
are very complex and you are encouraged to contact the Chief Financial Officer 
when pricing below cost questions arise. 

Price Discrimination:  Another pricing practice that may raise antitrust or 
regulatory concerns is discriminating in price, promotional allowances or 
services between different purchasers of the same or similar goods or 
offerings.  In some circumstances, a court may look to the "net" price of a 
product sold to different purchasers after deducting the value of incentives, 
allowances and other services.  On the other hand, the law provides 
defenses for discriminatory prices that are necessary to compete.  Also, there 
are many situations when a different price to another customer(s) is legally 
justified, as where the sales volume is substantially different or the product or 
customer (s) is participating in a different business or economic market.  Here 
again, discriminatory pricing law is very complex and you should contact the 
Chief Financial Officer whenever any of our prices could be regarded, or 
perceived, as discriminatory. 

April 2022 

19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Disparagement of Others/Describing Our Own Products:  Although we 
can compare our products and services to those of our competitors, we must 
be careful in our day-to-day marketing contacts with our customers not to 
make untrue comments or comparisons about our rivals' products or 
services.  It is legally permissible to explain to customers the negative 
aspects of a competitor's products and services as long as the description is 
not misleading and is relevant to the particular sales situation.  Also, our own 
products must be accurately represented to our customers. 

Tying:  Tying arrangements occur when a seller requires a buyer who 
desires one product (or service)-called the tying product-to purchase a 
second product (or service) that the buyer may not desire-called the tied 
product-as a condition of purchasing the first product.  If the seller has a very 
strong market position in the tying (or desired) product and could cause an 
adverse competitive impact on the market for the tied product, the seller risks 
a charge that the arrangement constitutes an illegal tying arrangement.  On 
the other hand, it is generally acceptable to offer a combination of products 
and services in a single sales offering in order to establish added value for 
the customer and to make the offering as a whole more attractive.  It is 
strongly suggested that the Chief Financial Officer be consulted in advance of 
such offerings to discuss any potential arrangements that might be 
considered illegal. 

Reciprocity:  Reciprocity means agreeing to buy the products or services of 
a supplier on the condition that the supplier also agrees to buy products and 
services from us.  A company with great buying power in a particular market 
should be particularly careful to avoid using that buying power to coerce its 
suppliers to buy its products and services.  However, in many cases 
reciprocal arrangements may be legally acceptable because they are 
beneficial to and desired by both parties.  The Chief Financial Officer should 
be consulted prior to entering into reciprocal arrangements. 

5.2.2.  Dealing with Competitors 

United States antitrust laws, the European Union Competition Law and the 
laws of many other countries are designed to preserve a competitive 
economy and to promote fair and vigorous competition.  A person or 
company purchasing goods in the marketplace should be able to select from 
a variety of products at competitive prices that are unrestricted by artificial 
restraints such as price fixing, illegal monopolies and cartels, boycotts and 
tie-ins.  Richardson Electronics, Ltd. believes in open and fair competition 
and is committed to conducting its business in compliance with these laws. 

It is Company policy for Richardson Electronics, Ltd. to make its own 
independent decisions concerning what products and services to offer, where 
and how to offer and produce them, how much to charge for them and to do 
so without any consultation or notice to any competitor.  As such, discussion 
of any of the following subjects with competitors (either directly or through an 
intended intermediary), whether relating to Richardson Electronics, Ltd.'s or 
the competitor's products, is prohibited without the express approval in 
advance by the Chief Executive Officer:  past, present or future prices; pricing 

April 2022 

20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
policies; bids; discounts; promotions; profits; costs; terms or conditions of 
sale; royalties; warranties; choice of customers; territorial markets; production 
capacities or plans; and inventories. 

The above does not apply to discussions with a competitor that are for the 
sole purpose of co-producer sales or purchases. In such discussions, 
however, care must be taken to avoid any discussions concerning the 
division of selling or producing territories. 

Additionally, it is never appropriate to discuss the pricing to one customer 
with a competitor of that customer or be influenced by one customer as to our 
offering price to another. 

An antitrust violation, even in connection with a minor transaction, can have 
severe consequences for individuals, including imprisonment, and can result 
in major financial penalties and loss of reputation for the Company.  As 
antitrust and competition laws are very technical and vary from country to 
country, questions about these laws should be directed to the Chief Executive 
Officer or Chief Financial Officer. 

5.2.3.  Participating in Industry Associations 

Richardson Electronics, Ltd. belongs to relevant industry and trade 
associations.  Because such associations may bring competitors together to 
discuss issues of concern to our industry, contact with competitors at such 
meetings is often unavoidable.  Although these contacts are constructive in 
many ways, they are not immune from antitrust laws. 

If at any trade association meeting you become aware of any formal or 
informal discussion regarding prices, discounts, exclusion of members, terms 
and conditions of sale, refusal to admit members or to deal with a customer, 
or standardization among members of terms, warranties, or product 
specification, you should abruptly leave the meeting and immediately bring 
the matter to the attention of the Chief Executive Officer so that Richardson 
Electronics, Ltd.'s proper behavior can be documented.  Employees who 
serve as committee members or who participate in industry associations 
should know enough about the subject of antitrust to be able to avoid actions 
or discussions that might raise questions. 

5.3. 

The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA), the U.K. Bribery Act and The 
Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) Anti-
Bribery Convention 

In many parts of the world companies and governments alike have recognized that 
corruption raises the costs and risks of doing business.  Corruption deters 
investment, stifles economic growth and sustainable development, distorts prices, 
and undermines legal and judicial systems. 

April 2022 

21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Company’s policy for international business is to respond in a legal and ethical 
manner wherever we have business transactions.  With respect to operations outside 
the United States, all employees must comply with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act 
(FCPA) and the U.K. Bribery Act, in addition to other laws applicable to the 
Company’s international business. 

In 1977, the FCPA was enacted.  The FCPA generally prohibits any employee from 
paying or promising to pay or give anything of value to any foreign government 
official, agency, political party, party official or political candidate, to influence any act 
or decision of such person or a foreign government. 

In 1999, the OECD's Anti-Bribery Convention was signed by 34 countries, marking a 
dramatic change in the fight against corruption.  The convention obligates the signing 
parties to criminalize the bribery of foreign government officials in the conduct of 
international business. 

On July 1, 2011, the U.K. Bribery Act went into effect.  The U.K. Bribery act applies 
to bribery of any person (not limited to government officials) in any improper action 
by creating three offenses:  (1) active offense of bribing another, (2) passive offense 
of being bribed and (3) for failure of a commercial organization to prevent bribery.  
We will always respect and apply any and all applicable laws against bribery in all 
business transactions around the globe. 

5.3.1.  Foreign Government Officials Defined 

For purposes of this code of conduct, a foreign government official includes: 

•  Officials, employees and agents of national, regional or local 

governments; 
•  Military personnel; 
•  Members of the executive, legislative and judicial branches of 

national, regional or local government; 

•  Candidates for political office, political parties and officials of political 

parties; and 

•  Employees, commercial businesses or other enterprises owned or 

controlled by national, regional or local governments. 

April 2022 

22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5.3.2.  Bribes and Kickbacks 

Richardson Electronics, Ltd. pledges honesty, integrity and ethical behavior in 
all dealings with customers, subcontractors, suppliers and competitors.  
Therefore, it is not acceptable to offer, give, solicit or receive any form of 
bribe or kickback. That principle applies to all transactions worldwide without 
exception. 

What is the difference between a bribe and a kickback? 

•  A bribe is any money or favor used unethically or illegally (such as 

under the FCPA, the U.K. Bribery Act or OECD Anti-Bribery 
Convention) to influence the judgment or conduct of a public official or 
any other person, or to ensure a desired outcome or action. 

•  A kickback is a particular kind of bribe. It is the unethical or illegal 

return of a part of a sum already paid or due to be paid as part of a 
legal contract.  The kickback is a reward for making or fostering 
business arrangements that favor the party paying the kickback. 

The Company's prohibition against bribes and kickbacks applies equally to 
employees and to commissioned agents, sales representatives and 
consultants acting on the company's behalf. Richardson Electronics, Ltd., its 
employees and its agents also are prohibited from doing indirectly what the 
FCPA, the U.K. Bribery Act and OECD Anti-Bribery Convention prohibit us 
from doing directly; we cannot make any payment to a third party if all or any 
part of the payment will be given to a prohibited person.  We could be held 
liable for such payments even if we do not know, but should have known, that 
the payment is going to a prohibited person. 

You do not actually have to make a bribe to be in violation; merely offering, 
promising or authorizing it is sufficient.  An illegal bribe is anything of value, 
not just money. Lavish entertainment and paying inflated prices to purchase a 
foreign official's property or services are just two examples of illegal bribes 
under the law. 

5.3.3.  Commissioned Agents, Sales Representative and Consultants 

To ensure that commissioned agents, sales representatives and consultants 
neither offer nor receive bribes or kickbacks, all arrangements with them must 
be covered by written contracts and documented in accordance with ethical 
business practices and standard legal and accounting requirements.  Any 
Richardson Electronics, Ltd. facility or subsidiary considering the engagement 
or a revision of an engagement of such individuals must contact Corporate 
Human Resources to assist in the engagement process.  Any compensation 
specified in a Richardson Electronics, Ltd. contract with a commissioned 
agent, sales representative or consultant must be clearly commensurate with 
the activities performed on behalf of the corporation.  All agreements with 
such persons require approval by the Chief Executive Officer and are 
contingent on the representative's meeting established criteria.  In its most 

April 2022 

23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
basic form this approval is a check designed to ensure that representatives 
engaged to conduct business on behalf of the Company will do so in a 
manner consistent with the Company’s operational and ethical standards. 

5.3.4.  Recordkeeping 

The FCPA and this code of conduct also require Richardson Electronics, Ltd. 
to keep accurate financial books and records.  All financial entries must 
reflect the true nature, amount and purpose of money spent.  This means that 
no employee of Richardson Electronics, Ltd. or anyone acting on behalf of 
Richardson Electronics, Ltd. may establish slush funds or any other pool of 
money that does not appear on the company's books and records. 

5.3.5.  Facilitation Payments 

Despite its strong prohibitions, the FCPA recognizes certain limited 
exceptions. In some instances, small facilitation payments, or tips, are 
permissible if they are intended to secure a routine business service and are 
made to clerical-level foreign officials to perform or expedite routine 
government action.  Examples of such routine actions are processing visas 
and work orders, obtaining mail and telephone service or for expediting a 
shipment through customs.  Any such payment must be clearly and 
accurately reported as a business expense in company records. 

However, you should be aware that in some countries, all such payments are 
illegal and therefore must never be paid.  Before you make or even agree to 
make such a payment, consult with the Chief Executive Officer. 

5.4.  Environmental, Health and Safety 

Employees of Richardson Electronics, Ltd. must exercise good judgment and meet 
the Company’s responsibilities with regard to the environmental aspects of our use of 
facilities, our processes and our product design. 

There are international, federal, state and local laws that guide our efforts regarding 
the production of products and disposal of materials.  Employees are expected to act 
in accordance with these laws. 

April 2022 

24 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5.5. 

Import and Export Laws 

Customs import and export laws and regulations apply to intracompany as well as 
third party transactions.  These laws require the Company to determine the correct 
classification, value and country of origin for its imports and exports.  As an importer, 
the Company must be able to demonstrate by a documented, auditable trail, that the 
Company exercised reasonable care in ensuring that its imports comply with all 
applicable laws.  As an exporter, the Company must be able to demonstrate that it 
classified its products correctly for export, and that it obtained export licenses when 
necessary, did not deal with denied parties or countries subject to economic 
sanctions, and that it otherwise complied with U.S. export controls. 

If you have any questions regarding the nature of a sale, contact the Chief Financial 
Officer for assistance. 

6.  REPORTING PROCEDURES 

6.1.  Obligation to Report 

If you know of a violation or a possible violation of this Code or the Company’s 
policies and procedures, you must report that information immediately to your 
Supervisor, your Human Resources Representative or, if necessary, the Chief 
Executive Officer of the Company; provided, however, that the Officers and Directors 
must report any violations or possible violations to the Chief Executive Officer or, if 
necessary, the Chairman of the Audit Committee. 

All reported violations of the Code or of the Company’s policies and procedures will 
be treated confidentially to the extent that doing so is reasonable under the 
circumstances, given the need to investigate. 

6.2.  Retaliation Prohibited 

You should never hesitate to ask a question or report a concern.  If you become 
aware of a situation in which you believe Richardson Electronics, Ltd.’s Code of 
Conduct or other policies have been violated, or if you feel you are being pressured 
or being asked to compromise our Company values or violate this Code or another 
Company policy, it is your responsibility to communicate this concern.  It is important 
for you to know that you will not be disciplined, lose your job or be retaliated against 
in any way for asking questions or voicing concerns about our ethical or legal 
obligations, as long as you are acting in good faith.  Good faith does not mean that 
you have to be right, but it does mean that you believe you are providing truthful 
information. 

April 2022 

25 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6.3.  Confidential Reporting 

Richardson's company policies and practices contain ethical and legal standards 
which must be followed by employees in conducting Richardson's business. 
Compliance with laws and regulations is specifically required.  The Company 
welcomes questions regarding these requirements.  Also, every employee has the 
right and duty to report to the Company, to the extent not contrary to local law, any 
conduct which does not conform to these ethical and legal standards.  The 
Richardson Hot Line is established to receive reports of possible wrongdoing and to 
answer questions about business conduct.  Employees may report alleged violations 
anonymously by calling Paul Plante, Chairman of the Richardson Electronics Audit 
Committee at 813-390-3500. 

You do not have to give your name.  If you call, Mr. Plante will document the 
situation with you in detail.  The information gathered is then relayed to an 
appropriate party for investigation and action. (In general, issues may be raised to 
unimplicated senior management; financial issues will be raised to the Internal Audit 
representative and the Chairman of the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors; 
personnel-related issues will be raised to the Chief Financial Officer, the Chief 
Executive Officer, or the Chairman of the Compensation and Corporate Governance 
Committee of the Board of Directors.  All hotline activity is reported periodically to the 
Chairman of the Audit Committee.) 

Employees at any level can call Paul Plante directly when they have a business 
conduct issue, without fear of reprisal, as follows: 

Hot Line:  To report job-related violations of ethical standards, or laws or regulations, 
including, without limitation, matters involving accounting, internal controls 
or auditing.  Hot Line reports may be made anonymously. 

1. 

PHONE NUMBERS. 

Any employee in the United States or Canada who wants to make a Hot 
Line call is urged to call: 

Internal Audit Representative 
Audit Committee Chairman – Paul Plante  813-390-3500 

630-208-2273  

April 2022 

26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2. 

HOT LINE PROCEDURE 

a.  Hot Line 

All Hot Line calls are received for evaluation and coordination of 
review. 

b.  Report Confidentiality 

Hot Line reports are confidential.  The names of reporting persons are 
not released without the Audit Committee’s written permission, except 
to designees of the above representatives as necessary for such 
designee to assist with the investigation.  Reports may be made 
anonymously, if requested by the reporting person. 

c. 

Investigation 

Internal Audit reviews the report and assigns responsibility for further 
action to the appropriate department(s).  Normally, Internal Audit 
coordinates the review.  However, Legal Counsel may assume 
coordination and direction of the review in cases where legal issues 
are raised or legal advice is required.  Each department or function 
assigned action items as part of the review process promptly and 
confidentially investigates and sends a completed "Hot Line 
investigation" report to Internal Audit or Legal Counsel.  Internal Audit 
and Legal Counsel will report on all reports of violations they receive 
or investigate to the Audit Committee. 

d.  Confidentiality of Investigation 

Neither the review nor any results or related information are disclosed 
or discussed with anyone except as provided in this procedure without 
the written permission of either Internal Audit or the Audit Committee.  
(Written permission of Legal Counsel is mandatory in matters 
reviewed under its direction.)  After the review is completed, all files 
are sent to Internal Audit or Legal Counsel, as applicable.  No material 
or copies are kept by anyone without Legal Counsel’s written 
permission.  Internal Audit and Legal Counsel will report on all reports 
of violations they receive or investigate to the Audit Committee. 

e.  Corrective Action 

Internal Audit or Paul Plante will inform the appropriate department(s) 
of the review results and the need for any corrective action.  Internal 
Audit also reports the matter and any corrective action, including 
government reporting requirements, to the Audit Committee of the 
Board of Directors of Richardson. 

April 2022 

27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
f.  Report of Results 

If requested, the person making the report is advised of the 
completion and results of the review, if appropriate. 

6.4.  Whistleblower Protection Rights 

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX Act) encourages the disclosure of corporate 
fraud by providing protection to employees of publicly traded companies who engage 
in whistleblowing activities.  An employee engages in a protected whistleblowing 
activity by providing information that he reasonably believes constitutes a violation of 
federal mail, wire, bank or securities fraud; federal law relating to fraud against 
shareholders; or any rule or regulation of the SEC. 

To ensure Sarbanes-Oxley whistleblowers are afforded adequate protection against 
reprisal, the SOX Act contains both a civil and criminal whistleblower provision.  
Under Section 806 of the SOX Act, employees who believe that they were subjected 
to retaliation because of their whistleblowing activities can file a civil complaint with 
the Secretary of Labor within 90 days of the retaliatory action.  Section 1107 of the 
SOX Act, the criminal provision, makes it a crime for a person to knowingly retaliate 
against a whistleblower for disclosing truthful information to a law enforcement officer 
regarding an alleged federal offense.  This criminal provision of the SOX Act is 
enforced by the U.S. Department of Justice. 

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and related SEC 
rules also provide retaliation protections for whistleblowers. 

7. 

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CODE 

7.1.  Administration 

The Board has charged the Chief Executive Officer with the overall responsibility for 
ensuring that the Code of Conduct and the Company’s policies and procedures 
govern the business activities of all Company personnel.  The Board of Directors of 
the Company shall be responsible for the administration of this Code as it relates to 
Directors, Officers and any other financial managers in the role of or performing 
functions similar to financial controllers on behalf of the Company (the “Financial 
Officers”). 

7.2.  Acknowledgment 

The Company requires that all of its Directors, Executive Officers, Financial Officers 
and other personnel sign an acknowledgment confirming that they have received and 
have read, understand, and subscribe to the standards and procedures contained in 
this Code.  To continue to be employed by the Company, employees must abide by 
the standards and procedures outlined in the Code and by the Company’s policies 
and procedures.  All employees therefore will be asked to complete an annual 
acknowledgment of this Code of Conduct. 

April 2022 

28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7.3.  Disciplinary Actions 

All Company personnel are responsible for adhering to the law, to this Code, and to 
the  Company’s  policies  and  procedures.    Disciplinary  action  may  range  up  to  and 
including immediate termination of employment for violation of the law, of this Code, 
or of the Company’s policies and procedures. 

7.4.  Waivers of the Code 

Waivers of this Code will be granted only in extraordinary circumstances. Waivers of 
this Code for Company Officers and Directors must be made by the Board of 
Directors of the Company.  Any change to, or waiver of, this Code for Directors or 
Officers must be disclosed in accordance with applicable legal requirements. Any 
waivers of this Code for any employees of the Company other than Company 
Officers must be made by the Chief Executive Officer of the Company.

April 2022 

29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
SUBSIDIARIES OF THE COMPANY 

Exhibit 21 

Richardson Electronics Pty Limited 

Richardson Electronics do Brasil Ltda. 

Richardson Electronics Canada, Ltd. 

Richardson Electronics Trading (China) Co., Ltd. 

Richardson Electronique SAS 

Richardson Electronics GmbH 

Richardson Electronics Hong Kong Limited 

Richardson Electronics India Private Limited 

Aviv-Richardson Ltd. 

Richardson Electronics S.r.l. 

Richardson Electronics Japan K.K. 

Richardson Electronics Korea Limited 

Richardson Electronics S.A. de C.V. 

Richardson Electronics Benelux B.V. 

Richardson Electronics Netherlands, B.V. 

Richardson Electronics Global Holdings BV 

Richardson Electronics Pte. Ltd. 

Richardson Electronics Iberica S.A. 

Richardson Electronics Nordic AB 

Richardson Electronics (Thailand) Limited 

Richardson Electronics Limited 

Richardson Powerlink MEA 

Richardson International, Inc. 

  Australia 

  Brazil 

  Canada 

  China 

  France 

  Germany 

  Hong Kong 

  India 

  Israel 

  Italy 

  Japan 

  Korea 

  Mexico 

  Netherlands 

  Netherlands 

  Netherlands 

  Singapore 

  Spain 

  Sweden 

  Thailand 

  United Kingdom 

  United Kingdom 

  United States 

 
 
 
  
     
  
     
  
     
  
     
  
     
  
     
  
     
  
     
  
     
  
     
  
     
  
     
  
     
  
     
  
     
  
     
  
     
  
     
  
     
  
     
 
 
 
 
    
Richardson Electronics 10-K                                

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 

Richardson Electronics, Ltd. 
LaFox, Illinois 

Exhibit 23.1 

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-8 (No. 333-04767, 333-129828, 333-
182907, 333-206044, 333-227876 and 333-249383) of Richardson Electronics, Ltd. of our reports dated July 31, 2023, relating to the 
consolidated financial statements, and the effectiveness of Richardson Electronics Ltd.’s internal control over financial reporting, which 
appear in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.  

/s/BDO USA, P.A. 

Chicago, Illinois 

July 31, 2023 

 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Richardson Electronics 10-K 

I, Edward J. Richardson, certify that: 

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 
SECTION 302(a) OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 

Exhibit 31.1 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Richardson Electronics, Ltd. for the fiscal year ended May 27, 2023; 

Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make 
the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered 
by this report; 

Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects 
the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 

The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in 
Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 
15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: 

a) 

b) 

c) 

d) 

Designed  such  disclosure  controls  and  procedures,  or  caused  such  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  to  be  designed  under  our 
supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by 
others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; 

Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our 
supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for 
external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; 

Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the 
effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and 

Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most 
recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected,  or is reasonably 
likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 

5. 

The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to 
the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): 

a) 

b) 

All  significant  deficiencies  and material  weaknesses  in  the design or operation of  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  which  are 
reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and 

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal 
control over financial reporting. 

Date: July 31, 2023 

Signature: 

/s/ Edward J. Richardson 
Edward J. Richardson 
Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer 

 
 
  
  
  
  
 
Richardson Electronics 10-K 

I, Robert J. Ben, certify that: 

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 
SECTION 302(a) OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 

Exhibit 31.2 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Richardson Electronics, Ltd. for the fiscal year ended May 27, 2023; 

Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make 
the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered 
by this report; 

Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects 
the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 

The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in 
Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 
15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: 

a) 

b) 

c) 

d) 

Designed  such  disclosure  controls  and  procedures,  or  caused  such  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  to  be  designed  under  our 
supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by 
others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; 

Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our 
supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for 
external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; 

Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the 
effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and 

Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most 
recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected,  or is reasonably 
likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 

5. 

The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to 
the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): 

a) 

b) 

All  significant  deficiencies  and material  weaknesses  in  the design or operation of  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  which  are 
reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and 

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal 
control over financial reporting. 

Date: July 31, 2023 

Signature: 

/s/ Robert J. Ben 
Robert J. Ben 
Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer 

 
 
  
  
  
  
 
Richardson Electronics 10-K 

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 

Exhibit 32 

In connection with the Annual Report of Richardson Electronics, Ltd. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 
27, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Edward J. Richardson, Chairman 
of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section  906 of 
the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge: 

(1)  The  Report  fully  complies  with  the  requirements  of  section  13(a)  or  15(d)  of  the  Securities  Exchange  Act  of  1934,  as 

amended; and 

(2)  The  information  contained  in  the  Report  fairly  presents,  in  all  material  respects,  the  financial  condition  and  result  of 

operations of the Company. 

/s/ Edward J. Richardson 
Edward J. Richardson 
Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer  
July 31, 2023 

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 

In connection with the Annual Report of Richardson Electronics, Ltd. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 
27, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Robert J. Ben, Chief Financial 
Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 
that to my knowledge: 

(1)  The  Report  fully  complies  with  the  requirements  of  section  13(a)  or  15(d)  of  the  Securities  Exchange  Act  of  1934,  as 

amended; and 

(2)  The  information  contained  in  the  Report  fairly  presents,  in  all  material  respects,  the  financial  condition  and  result  of 

operations of the Company 

/s/ Robert J. Ben 
Robert J. Ben 
Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer 
July 31, 2023