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Rockhopper Exploration plc

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FY2018 Annual Report · Rockhopper Exploration plc
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Building a well-funded, 
full-cycle, exploration-led 
E&P company

 Report and Accounts  
for the year ended 31 December 2018

Rockhopper Exploration plc

Head office:
4th Floor
5 Welbeck Street
London 
W1G 9YQ 

Telephone +44 (0)207 486 1677
info@rockhopperexploration.co.uk
www.rockhopperexploration.co.uk
Twitter @RockhopperExplo

Company Reg. No. 05250250

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rockhopper Exploration plc (AIM: RKH)  
is an oil and gas exploration and production  
company with key interests in the North Falkland  
Basin and the Greater Mediterranean region.

Financial Statements
Group company financial statements
55  Group income statement
55  Group statement of comprehensive income
56  Group balance sheet
57  Group statement of changes in equity
58  Group cash flow statement
59  Notes to the group financial statements

Parent company financial statements
79  Company balance sheet
80  Company statement of changes in equity
81  Notes to the company financial statements

87  Key licence interests as at 1 April 2019

Supplementary Information
88  Glossary
89  Shareholder information

Strategic Report
  1  Highlights
  3  Rockhopper – the story so far
  4  Rockhopper at a glance
  6  Vision, strategy and business model
  7  Chairman and Chief Executive Officer’s review
  9  Industry overview
 10  Sea Lion Phase 1 development overview 
12  Operations review
17  Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)
18  Financial review
21  Internal controls and risk management
22  Principal risks and uncertainties 
26  Health, safety, environmental and social management

Governance Report
27  Rockhopper Board
28  Board of Directors
30  Senior management team 
31  Corporate governance statement
35  Audit & Risk Committee Chairman’s report 
38  Nomination Committee Chairman’s report
39  Remuneration report
50  Statutory information
52 

 Independent auditor’s report to the 
members of Rockhopper Exploration plc

Cover: Stanley Harbour

Rockhopper Exploration plc

Supplementary Information

Shareholder information

Key contacts

Concerns and procedures

General emails
info@rockhopperexploration.co.uk

Audit committee emails
rkh@rockhopperexploration.co.uk

Website
www.rockhopperexploration.co.uk

Shareholder concerns:
Should shareholders have concerns which have not been  
adequately addressed by the chairman or chief executive,  
please contact the chairman of the audit committee at:
rkh@rockhopperexploration.co.uk

Whistle-blowing procedures:
Should employees, consultants, contractors or other  
interested parties have concerns which have not been 
adequately addressed by the chairman or chief executive,  
please contact the chairman of the audit committee at:
rkh@rockhopperexploration.co.uk

Registered address and head office:
4th Floor
5 Welbeck Street
London 
W1G 9YQ

NOMAD and joint broker
Canaccord Genuity Limited
88 Wood Street 
London 
EC2V 7QR

Joint broker
Peel Hunt LLP
Moor House
120 London Wall 
London 
EC2Y 5ET

Solicitors
Ashurst LLP
Broadwalk House
5 Appold Street
London 
EC2A 2DA

Principal Bankers
Royal Bank of Scotland plc
36 St Andrew Square
Edinburgh 
EH2 2YB

Auditor
KPMG LLP
15 Canada Square
London 
E14 5GL

Registrar
Computershare Investor Services plc
Vintners Place
68 Upper Thames Street
London 
EC4V 3BJ

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Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

89

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rockhopper Exploration plc 

Highlights

Strategic Report

Sea Lion Phase 1 development – securing senior debt funding  
represents last major milestone to achievement of FID

>  Front End Engineering and Design completed in Q1 2019

>  Process to progress contractor LOIs to full agreements  

well advanced

>  Field Development Plan and Environmental Impact Statement 
substantially agreed with the Falkland Islands Government  
– final approval expected at sanction

>  Good progress made with the Falkland Islands Government  

on Sea Lion royalty and fiscal terms

>  Financing structure progressed – extensive due diligence  

and assurance process underway

>  Vendor financing – contractors have agreed to provide up  

to US$400 million of funding for the project

>  Project momentum building with budget approved in Q3  

2018 to increase activity and expand the Operator’s project  
development team 

Greater Mediterranean portfolio continues to deliver stable production 
with exploration upside

>  Net working interest production averaged 1.1 kboepd in 2018 

>  Multiple oil and gas discoveries as a result of the 2018 drilling 

campaign at Abu Sennan, Egypt

–  Successful infill drilling and implementation of a water 
injection programme at the Al Jahraa field to enhance 
production and maximise recoverability

–  Oil discovery in the Bahariya de-risks future exploration  

at this level across the concession

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

1

Strategic Report

Rockhopper Exploration plc

Strong financial performance with continued focus on managing costs

>  Revenue of US$10.6 million; operating costs US$4.6 million;  

cash flow from operations US$5.4 million

>  Cash operating costs of US$11.7 per boe –  

maintaining a low cost base

>  Continued management of G&A costs –  

US$5.3 million – down over 50% since 2014

>  G&A costs covered by operating cash flows

>  Cash resources of US$40.4 million at 31 December 2018  

and no debt

Corporate

>  International arbitration hearing in relation to Ombrina Mare  

took place in February 2019 

>  Alison Baker appointed as Independent Non-Executive Director  

in September 2018

Outlook

>  Joint venture to submit formal senior debt funding application on 

Sea Lion Phase 1 in Q2 2019

>  Outcome in relation to Ombrina Mare arbitration expected in  

late Q3 or early Q4 2019 – seeking significant monetary damages

>  Active drilling campaign at Abu Sennan, Egypt with four wells 

planned during 2019

>  Appointment of Keith Lough as Non-Executive Chairman 
following the retirement of David McManus at Company’s 
forthcoming AGM

>  Continued pursuit of new venture opportunities to supplement 
production, enhance cash flow and strengthen balance sheet

2 

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

Rockhopper Exploration plc 

Strategic Report

Rockhopper – the story so far

2018/Q1 2019

2017 

Completion of FEED
FEED completion Q1 2019. 

Letters of Intent signed with a number of key 
contractors for the provision of services and 
vendor financing for the Sea Lion project. 

Field Development Plan and Environmental 
Impact Statement for Sea Lion substantially 
agreed with the Falkland Island Government – 
final approval expected at sanction.

2016 

2015

Sea Lion enters FEED
Sea Lion project enters FEED with set of  
world-class contractors.

Rockhopper completes merger with Falkland 
Oil & Gas Ltd following shareholder approval 
from both Rockhopper and FOGL shareholders.

Rockhopper acquires non-operated production  
and exploration assets in Egypt.

2014 

2013 

Acquisition of MOG 
In May, Rockhopper announced a 
recommended cash and share offer to acquire 
AIM listed Mediterranean Oil & Gas plc. The 
transaction completed in August. Through the 
acquisition Rockhopper acquired a portfolio 
of production, development, appraisal and 
exploration interests in Italy, Malta and France.

2012 

2010/11 

Farm-Out
In July, Rockhopper announced it had entered  
into a farm-out agreement with Premier Oil 
plc (“Premier”), whereby Premier acquired a 
60% operated interest in Rockhopper’s North 
Falkland Basin licences for undiscounted 
consideration of c.$1bn (comprising cash, 
development carry and exploration carry).

In recognition of Rockhopper’s unrivalled 
understanding of the North Falkland Basin, 
it was agreed that Rockhopper would retain 
the sub-surface lead in relation to future 
exploration activities.

Ombrina Mare arbitration commences
Rockhopper commences international 
arbitration proceedings, seeking very 
significant monetary damages, as a result  
of the Republic of Italy’s breaches of the  
Energy Charter Treaty in relation to the 
Ombrina Mare project.

NFB exploration campaign commences 
In March, the Eirik Raude rig arrives in the 
North Falkland Basin to commence a multi-
well drilling campaign. Exploration successes 
at Zebedee and Isobel Deep with multiple oil 
discoveries made.

In November, Rockhopper announced the terms 
of its all-share merger with Falkland Oil & Gas. 
Through the merger with FOGL, Rockhopper 
consolidates its leading acreage and resource  
position in the North Falkland Basin.

Consolidates interests in NFB acreage 
Rockhopper consolidates its interests in the  
Falklands through the farm-in to acreage held  
by Desire Petroleum. As a result, Rockhopper 
increases its interests in licences PL004a, 
PL004b and PL004c to 24%.

Sea Lion discovery and appraisal
In February 2010, the Ocean Guardian drilling rig 
arrived in Falklands waters to carry out a multi-
well programme on behalf of multiple operators. 
In the spring, Rockhopper (as operator) drilled 
its first exploration well on the Sea Lion prospect 
which resulted in an oil discovery. The well was 
successfully flow tested in September. 

During late 2010/11 a further eight exploration 
and appraisal wells were drilled by Rockhopper 
across the complex, six of those being discoveries. 

In addition, Rockhopper participated  
in a further five non-operated wells. 

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

3

 
Strategic Report

Rockhopper Exploration plc

Rockhopper at a glance

Falkland Islands

North Falkland Basin
Sea Lion Phase 1 (PL032)
>   40% working interest
>   220 mmbbls gross*  

88 mmbbls net to Rockhopper*

50°S50°S50°S

Sea Lion Phase 2 (PL032/PL004)
>   40-64% working interest†
>   300 mmbbls gross*  
120-192 mmbbls net  
to Rockhopper*

Phase 3 – Isobel-Elaine (PL004)
>   64% working interest
>   Isobel-Elaine complex significantly  

de-risked during 2015/16  
exploration campaign

* Operator estimate 

†  

Sea Lion Phase 2 straddles licences PL032 in which  
Rockhopper holds a 40% interest and PL004 in  
which Rockhopper holds a 64% interest.

F A L K L A N D
FA LKLAND
I S L A N D S
I S LANDS

Rockhopper 
40.0%

STANLEY
STANLEY

100 kms

60°W

Sea Lion

Jayne

Rockhopper
64.0%

Zebedee

Isobel/Elaine

Chatham

Rockhopper 
(op) 60.5%

Rockhopper (op) 
95.5%
Rockhopper (op) 
100.0%

Head Office
London, UK

Regional Offices
Rome, Italy
 Cairo, Egypt

0

10

kms

4 

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

 
Rockhopper Exploration plc 

Strategic Report

Greater Mediterranean

ITA LY

Guendalina

Ombrina Mare

Civita

Exploration

Production

Discovery

Monte Grosso

M e d i t e r r a n e a n   S e a

GREECE

ABU
SENNAN

T U R K E Y
T U R K E Y

C a i r o

S u e z

E G Y P T

0

100

200

Kilometers

EL QA’A
PLAIN

Red
Sea

T U N I S I A

Badr El Din 04
Badr El Din 04

Badr El Din 01
Badr El Din 01

Abu El Gharadig NE
Abu El Gharadig NE

Badr El Din 11
Badr El Din 11

Sheiba 181
Sheiba 181

BW1
BW1

Abu Sennan
Guendalina

El Qa’a Plain

Abu El Gharadig
Abu El Gharadig
Abu El Gharadig

Al Jahraa
300

0

Kilometers

Al Ahamadi 

Al Jahraa-1
Al Jahraa-1
Al Jahraa-1
Al Jahraa-1
Al Jahraa-1
Al Jahraa-1
Al Jahraa-1
Al Jahraa-1
Al Jahraa-1
Al Jahraa-1
Al Jahraa-1
Al Jahraa-1
Al Jahraa-1

Al Jahraa SE-1X
Al Jahraa SE-1X
Al Jahraa SE-1X
Al Jahraa SE-1X

GPY

Abo Senan
Abo Senan
Abo Senan

Al Jahraa SE

GPT
GPT

Abu Sennan

GPT SW
GPT SW

0

5

10

Kilometers

Italy
Guendalina
>   20% working interest
>    Northern Adriatic gas  

production

Civita
>   100% working interest
>   Onshore gas production

Asa

Western Desert 33
Western Desert 33

L I B YA

ASA-1X
ASA-1X
ASA-1X
ASA-1X
ASA-1X
ASA-1X

GPZZ-1

GPZZ

El Salmiya-1
El Salmiya-1
El Salmiya-1
El Salmiya-1
El Salmiya-1
El Salmiya-1
El Salmiya-1
El Salmiya-1
El Salmiya-1
El Salmiya-1
El Salmiya-1

Al Ahmadi-1X

El Salmiya

ASH-1X

Ash

Western
Western
Western
Desert 33/15
Desert 33/15

Oil well
Abu Sennan Licence
Production lease
Seismic area
Oil field
Gas field

Monte Grosso
>   23% working interest
>   Exploration stage – seeking  
regulatory permits to drill

Ombrina Mare
>   100% working interest
>    International arbitration  
commenced – outcome  
expected late Q3/early  
Q4 2019

EGY P T

Egypt
Abu Sennan
>   22% working interest
>   Western Desert oil and  

gas production

El Qa’a Plain 
>   25% working interest
>   Exploration commitment  

well drilled 2018

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

5

 
Strategic Report

Rockhopper Exploration plc

Vision, strategy and business model

Vision

To build a well-funded, full-cycle, exploration-led E&P company

Strategy

Delivering on strategy

> Building a balanced portfolio in core areas

>  Focus on North Falkland Basin  
and Greater Mediterranean 
>  Across the full asset life cycle
>  Production base to enable growth  

through exploration

> Maintaining balance sheet strength

>  Prudent balance sheet management
>  Partial monetisation of assets to fund  

development

>  Disciplined approach to cost management

> Value accretive exploration

>  Leveraging technical skillset
>  Focus on proven hydrocarbon basins
>  Managed exposure to high-impact opportunities 

Business model

> Proven basins
> High impact
> Managed exposure

x p l oration >

E

Creating
value

<

P

r

o

d

u

e lopment 

ction <  D e

v

> Right-sized 
     to fund 
     exploration

> Self-funded through 
     operating cash 
     flows or partial 
     monetisation

Production
(kboepd)

0.3

0.3

Revenue
(US$m)

1.1

1.2

0.8

10.6

10.4

7.4

4.0

1.9

Recurring G&A costs
(US$m)

5.3

5.3

7.4

9.4

10.8

2018

2017

2016

2015

2014

2018

2017

2016

2015

2014

2018

2017

2016

2015

2014

Gross Sea Lion Complex resources
(mmbbl)

April
2016

March
2012

2C

3C

2C

3C

517

900

386

560

6 

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

 
 
 
Rockhopper Exploration plc 

Strategic Report

David McManus
Chairman

Samuel Moody
Chief Executive Officer

Chairman and Chief Executive Officer’s review

Rockhopper’s strategy is to build a well-funded, 
full-cycle, exploration led E&P company.

Against a backdrop of volatile commodity prices, 
Rockhopper has continued to balance the 
progression of its world-class Sea Lion project  
in the North Falkland Basin with an ongoing focus  
on cost control.

Sea Lion has the potential to be transformational  
for Rockhopper and the Falkland Islands as a 
whole. Securing funding is the last remaining major 
milestone before Sea Lion can reach FID and all 
efforts are focused on securing such financing to allow 
the project to move into the development phase. 

In the Greater Mediterranean, our portfolio continues 
to meet its primary objective, namely to provide a 
production and cash flow base to fund our corporate 
and operating costs and support our balance sheet. 

We maintain ambitions to further expand our 
production base thereby generating additional free 
cash flow to strengthen our balance sheet and invest 
in future exploration or other value-accretive growth 
opportunities both in the Falklands and elsewhere.

Sea Lion Phase 1 – FEED completed; formal funding 
application to be submitted Q2 2019
Material progress continues to be made across a 
range of commercial, fiscal and funding matters as 
we work towards a final investment decision on the 
Phase 1 development of the Sea Lion field.

During 2018, FEED contracts were awarded 
for all the outstanding elements of the project 
scope with a corresponding increase in activity, 
expenditure and expansion of the Operator’s project 
development team. Although FEED concluded in 
March 2019, increased activity levels are expected 
to be maintained throughout 2019 in the lead up to 
project sanction. The process to agree fully termed 
documentation for the provision of contractor 
services and vendor finance is well advanced and 
letters of award will be issued as we go through the 
sanction gate.

received. The final EIS document has been submitted 
to FIG. Formal approval of the EIS and FDP are 
expected at sanction. 

Good progress has been made with FIG on the 
royalty and fiscal terms which will apply to the first 
phase of development of the Sea Lion field. A public 
consultation on a number of technical tax matters 
associated with oil field development in the Falklands 
was concluded in the third quarter of 2018 with a 
number of technical amendments and clarifications 
being implemented. These amendments and 
clarifications provided definition on a number of 
important regulatory and tax matters which were 
critical to enabling the project to progress.

The Sea Lion financing plan comprises funding 
elements including senior project finance debt (likely 
involving a combination of export credit financing 
and project bank funding), vendor financing from 
contractors and equity from the joint venture. 
Rockhopper’s share of the joint venture equity is to be 
funded through the carry arrangements with Premier. 
The joint venture continues to lead engagement with 
a wide range of stakeholders to obtain the support 
required to secure senior project finance debt, which 
represents the core of the project’s funding strategy. 
With initial debt feasibility and structuring now 
progressed, the joint venture expects to submit  
the Project Information Memorandum (“PIM”)  
and formal funding application during Q2 2019. On  
the vendor financing side, the project contractors  
have undertaken an extensive due diligence and 
assurance process and, subject to the finalisation  
of documentation, have agreed to provide up to 
US$400 million of funding for the project.

Greater Mediterranean portfolio continues to 
deliver stable production with exploration upside
Our Greater Mediterranean portfolio continued 
to perform well with production growth in Egypt 
broadly offsetting declining production in Italy. 
Production during 2018 averaged 1.1 kboepd net 
to Rockhopper, with operating cash flows again 
covering the Group’s G&A costs.

Engagement continues with the Falkland Islands 
Government (“FIG”) on a range of environmental, 
fiscal and regulatory matters with a view to obtaining 
the consents and agreements necessary to be 
in a position to reach a final investment decision. 
Following submission of a revised Field Development 
Plan (“FDP”) to FIG in March 2018, the FDP is 
considered substantially agreed. The Environmental 
Impact Statement (“EIS”) public consultation process 
concluded in March 2018 with no material objections 

In June 2018, the Company announced the 
commencement of a four-well drilling campaign 
across its Egyptian portfolio, including three wells at 
Abu Sennan and one at El Qa’a Plain. Whilst the Raya 
commitment well on the El Qa’a Plain concession 
encountered good quality sands, no hydrocarbons 
were encountered. 

Within the Abu Sennan concession, successful infill 
oil producers were drilled at Al Jahraa-6 and Al 
Jahraa-10 as well as a successful exploration well at 

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018 

7

Strategic Report

Rockhopper Exploration plc

ASZ-1X. At Al Jahraa-6, success occurred in both the 
primary objective, being the Abu Roash-C reservoir, 
and with a new oil discovery in the deeper Bahariya 
section. The Bahariya formation was subsequently put 
into production and continues to make a meaningful 
contribution to overall volumes from the concession.

During 2018 the Company continued to see a 
material improvement in the payment situation 
in Egypt with a significant decline in outstanding 
receivables owed by Egyptian General Petroleum 
Corporation (“EGPC”).

Corporate matters
Rockhopper commenced international arbitration 
proceedings against the Republic of Italy in relation 
to the Ombrina Mare field in March 2017. The 
hearing took place in early February 2019 in Paris. 
Rockhopper continues to believe it has strong 
prospects of recovering very significant monetary 
damages – on the basis of lost profits - as a result of 
the Republic of Italy’s breaches of the Energy Charter 
Treaty. All costs associated with the arbitration are 
funded on a non-recourse (“no win - no fee”) basis 
from a specialist arbitration funder. 

As part of the Board’s long-term succession 
planning, and having served on the Board for 
nearly nine years, the past three as Non-Executive 
Chairman, David McManus will be retiring as a 
Director with effect from the Company’s 2019 Annual 
General Meeting (“AGM”). David will be succeeded as 
Non-Executive Chairman by Keith Lough, currently 
the Senior Independent Director and a Non-Executive 
Director of the Company since January 2014.

In September 2018, Alison Baker was appointed 
as an Independent Non-Executive Director. Alison 
has nearly 25 years’ experience in the provision 
of audit, capital markets and advisory services, 
having led the UK and EMEA Oil and Gas practice 
at PricewaterhouseCoopers and prior to that the 
Energy, Utilities and Mining Assurance practice at 
Ernst & Young. Alison is currently an Independent 
Non-Executive Director of KAZ Minerals PLC and 
Centamin plc. Alison will replace Keith as Chairman 
of the Audit and Risk Committee, also with effect 
from the 2019 AGM.

Accordingly, following the Company’s 2019 AGM,  
the Board will comprise six Directors – two Executive 
Directors and four Non-Executive Directors, 
including the Chairman. However, as part of the 
Board’s long-term succession planning and given 
our continued focus on corporate costs, the aim 
remains to further reduce the size of the Board over 
time. In this regard, and as previously announced, 

it is anticipated that Tim Bushell will step down from 
the Board at or before the Company’s AGM in 2020.

From 28 September 2018, all AIM companies are 
required to state which recognised corporate 
governance code the Board has decided to apply and 
to explain how the Company complies with that code. 
Following a review of the alternative codes available, 
the Board decided to adopt the Quoted Companies 
Alliance Corporate Governance Code (the “QCA Code”) 
and suitable disclosures will be made going forward. 

Following the conclusion of a formal tender process, 
the Board has approved the proposed appointment 
of PricewaterhouseCoopers as the Company’s 
auditor for the financial year commencing 1 January 
2019. This appointment is subject to approval by 
shareholders of the Company at the 2019 AGM. 

Outlook
Sea Lion has the potential to be transformational 
for Rockhopper and all efforts remain focused on 
securing the requisite stakeholder support and 
funding to allow sanction to occur.

With Brent oil prices currently above US$65 per 
barrel, the economics for the Sea Lion project 
remain robust. It is in this context that the Board 
remains confident that the requisite stakeholder 
support and funding will be secured. Whilst PIM and 
formal funding application submission represent 
a significant milestone in the financing process, 
the timetable and process to secure such funding 
remains outside our control.

The outcome of the international arbitration 
against the Republic of Italy is expected later this 
year and following the hearing in February we 
remain confident that we have strong prospects of 
recovering very significant monetary damages.

Our Greater Mediterranean portfolio continues to 
provide the necessary operating cash flow to fund 
corporate costs while providing low-risk exploration 
upside opportunities. On a highly selective basis, the 
Company will seek to further expand the production 
base with the aim of generating additional free 
cash flow to invest in future exploration and value-
accretive growth opportunities both in the Falklands 
and elsewhere.

David McManus 
Non-Executive Chairman

Samuel Moody
Chief Executive Officer

1 April 2019

>
Senior management  
team – biographies  
on page 30

8 

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

Rockhopper Exploration plc 

Strategic Report

Industry overview

Average Brent Crude price
US$/bbl

Upstream Capital Costs Index (UCCI) / Upstream Operating Costs Index (UOCI)
Cost Index (Year 2000=100)

120

109

100

80

40

0

71

54

54

45

250

200

150

100

50

0

UCCI
Q4 2018
182

UOCI
Q4 2018
172

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2000

2002

2004

2006

2010

2012

2014

2016

2018

2020

Primary energy demand
Billion ton

20

15

10

5

0

End use sector

Transport
Industry*
Non-combusted
Buildings

Fuel

Renewables
Hydro
Nuclear
Coal
Gas
Oil

20

15

10

5

0

Region

Other
Africa
Other Asia
India
China
OECD

20

15

10

5

0

8
1
0
2
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S
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B
8
1
0
2
:
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u
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S

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040

* Industry excludes non-combusted use of fuels

Economic and political
>   Continued global political and economic uncertainty
>   Iranian sanctions and US-China trade outlook provided 

volatile backdrop

>  Ongoing Eurozone uncertainty associated with Brexit
>   Global growth outlook considered robust overall although 

increasing risk of US recession from 2020 onwards.

Commodity prices
>   Volatility continued through 2018
>   Brent price increased during the first three-quarters  

of 2018, peaking at $84/bbl in October

>   Sharp fall in Q4 with Brent ending the year at $50/bbl
>   Key supply/demand dynamics in the year impacted by 
supply disruptions in Nigeria and Venezuela, continued 
strong output and increasing efficiencies from US shale, 
and OPEC response to changing market dynamics
>   Outlook for 2019 remains volatile given limited spare 

production capacity, uncertain growth outlook and scope 
for further political interventions.

Climate change and the impact on the energy outlook
>   Whilst global energy consumption is expected to grow 
strongly out to 2040 and beyond, increasing pressure  
to reduce greenhouse gas emissions will impact the  
future energy mix

>   With oil demand in absolute terms expected to remain 

robust, it will nonetheless likely make a smaller percentage 
contribution to the future energy mix with renewables 
making an increasing contribution from a relatively low  
level today.

Industry investment, activity levels and costs
>   Through 2018, the industry continued to take a conservative 
approach to capital investment with a focus on smaller, 
brownfield or expansion projects

>    Industry costs remain low compared with those three to 
five years ago, reflecting the sectors continued focus on 
cost reductions, project deferrals, capturing efficiencies, 
industry standardisation and co-operation around shared 
infrastructure 

>   With an improved oil price outlook, and an attractive cost 
environment, investments in new greenfield projects,  
such as Sea Lion, are expected to increase.

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018 

9

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Strategic Report

Rockhopper Exploration plc

Sea Lion Phase 1 development overview

Proven development concept

Key facts

World scale resource

>  1.7 billion barrels oil in place 

>  Well understood reservoir

>  Highly marketable crude

Proven development concept 

>  Technically straightforward FPSO development 

>  Extensive project development and  

engineering complete

>  Supply chain and logistics proven  

through multiple drilling campaigns

Regulatory interface well-advanced

>  EIS and FDP substantially agreed; final approval  

at sanction

>  Alignment with FIG on key fiscal, commercial  

and regulatory items 

World class contractor team

>  Experienced in comparable projects

>  Opportunity to lock in supply chain  

at competitive rates

>  Alignment via provision of vendor financing

Gross CAPEX to first oil

Gross annual production (at plateau)

US$1.5 bn

80,000 bopd

Resource to be monitised

FPSO liquid capacity

220 mmbbls

(Phase 1 only)

120,000 bpd

10 

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

Rockhopper Exploration plc 

Strategic Report

Indicative financing plan

Owner’s
costs

Subsea

Pre-first
oil capex
$1.5bn

Wells

25%
Upstream
partnership

50%
Export credit/
bank finance

25%
Vendor 
financing

Gross project revenue per annum

Estimated opex per barrel

US$1.8 bn

(at plateau, assuming US$65/bbl)

US$25/bbl

(Life of field, including field opex and FPSO lease)

Wells to be drilled

23

of which 16 oil producers

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018 

11

Strategic Report

Rockhopper Exploration plc

Operations review 

Sea Lion, North Falkland Basin
Rockhopper is the leading acreage holder in the 
North Falkland Basin with a material working 
interest in all key licences.

The overall strategy to develop the North Falkland 
Basin remains a phased development solution, 
starting with Sea Lion Phase 1, which will develop 
approximately 220 mmbbls in PL032 (in which 
Rockhopper has a 40% working interest). A 
subsequent Phase 2 development will develop a 
further 300 mmbbls from the remaining resources 
in PL032 and the satellite accumulations in the 
north of PL004 (in which Rockhopper has a 64% 
working interest). In addition, there is a further 200 
mmbbls of low risk, near field exploration potential 
which could be included in either the Phase 1 or 
Phase 2 developments. Phase 3 will entail the 
development of the Isobel/Elaine fan complex in the 
south of PL004, subject to further appraisal drilling.

The resources in Sea Lion Phase 1 will be 
commercialised utilising a conventional FPSO 
development scheme with approximately 23 
subsea wells. Estimated gross capex to first oil 
remains US$1.5 billion. The Sea Lion financing plan 
comprises funding elements including senior project 
finance debt, vendor financing from contractors and 
equity from the joint venture. Rockhopper’s share of 
the joint venture equity is to be funded through the 
carry arrangements with Premier.

Through 2017 and 2018, work focused on securing 
agreements with key supply chain contractors and, 
as a result, LOIs have been signed for the provision of 
key services, including the FPSO, the drilling rig, well 
services, subsea production systems and helicopter 
services, as well as vendor funding. The process to 
convert the LOIs into fully termed executed contracts 

is well advanced and letters of award will be issued 
as we go through the sanction process.

Through 2018, discussions continued with FIG on 
a range of fiscal, environmental and regulatory 
matters. Following the submission of a revised 
draft FDP to FIG in early March 2018, the FDP is  
now considered substantially agreed with a 
final FDP submission expected in the lead-up to 
sanction. With the FDP and EIS largely complete,  
a 42-day public consultation on the EIS commenced 
in January 2018. No material objections were raised 
through the consultation process and various 
comments identified through the process have been 
addressed in the final EIS submission. Engagement 
with FIG continues with a view to obtaining the 
consents and agreements necessary to be in a 
position to reach a final investment decision.

The Sea Lion Discovery Area is due to expire on  
15 April 2020. The submission of the final Field 
Development Plan for FIG approval is expected before 
that date and therefore no further license extension 
is currently thought to be required from FIG.

South and East Falkland Basin  
(100% working interest)
Through the acquisition of Falkland Oil and Gas 
(“FOGL”) in 2016, Rockhopper acquired a 52% 
interest in Noble Energy operated acreage to 
the South and East of the Falkland Islands. 
Following the results of the Humpback well, 
Noble and Edison gave notice to withdraw 
from this acreage and, as a result, during 2017 
Rockhopper became operator of the South and 
East Falkland Basin acreage with a 100% working 
interest. No outstanding financial or operational 
commitments exist in relation to the Company’s 
South and East Falkland Basins’ interests.

Stanley Heliport

12 

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

Rockhopper Exploration plc 

Strategic Report

North Falkland Basin snapshot

Leading acreage position

Rockhopper  

Premier  

Other  

Operator

PL032  

40%  

60%  

—  

Premier

PL003a  

95.5%  

4.5%  

—   Rockhopper

PL003b  

60.5%  

4.5%  

35%   Rockhopper

PL004a 

PL004b 

PL004c 

64%  

64%  

64%  

36%  

36%  

36%  

—  

—  

—  

Premier

Premier

Premier

PL005  

100%  

—  

—   Rockhopper

Projected production profile

)
d
p
o
b
k
(
e
t
a
r
l
i
o
y
l
i
a
d
l
a
u
n
n
a
e
g
a
r
e
v
A

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Phase 2
Phase 1

0

5

10
Years from first production

15

20

Source: xxxx

Sea Lion development 
schematic

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018 

13

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Strategic Report

Rockhopper Exploration plc

Abu Sennan, Egypt (22% working interest)
Production from the six development leases within the 
Abu Sennan concession increased during 2018 with 
production during the period averaging approximately 
813 boepd net to Rockhopper (2017: 760 boepd). 

from Abu Roash-C at a rate of 130 bopd gross, 
and subject to further increase. Upside potential 
exists in Abu Roash-D which is being evaluated for 
possible acid stimulation.

In July 2018, Rockhopper was pleased to announce 
the commencement of the 2018 drilling campaign 
on the Abu Sennan concession which included the 
drilling of two development wells (“Al Jahraa-6” 
and “Al Jahraa-10”), one exploration well (“ASZ-1X”), 
and a water injection programme targeting the Al 
Jahraa field.

Al Jahraa-6
The Al Jahraa-6 development well spudded on  
4 July 2018 and reached total depth of 3,935m MD 
(-3,623m tvdss) in the Kharita Formation on  
19 August 2018. Mudlogs indicated the presence 
of oil in the Abu Roash C, D, E and G levels and 
the deeper exploration target in the Bahariya 
Formation. The Bahariya formation was put on 
test on 22 September 2018 and, after clean-up, 
is producing in excess of 550 barrels of oil per 
day (“bopd”) with a stable water cut of 22%. This 
represents the first commercial oil production 
from the Bahariya formation within the Abu Sennan 
concession. The well has been completed to allow 
potential future production from Abu Roash G and 
C levels. The Company believes that the Bahariya 
discovery de-risks additional exploration targets  
at the same level elsewhere in the concession.

Al Jahraa-10
The Al Jahraa-10 development well reached total 
depth on 16 October 2018 in the Abu Roash-F 
Formation. Oil pay was calculated in the Abu 
Roash-C and Abu Roash-D levels. Following testing 
operations, the well was brought into production 

ASZ-1X
Exploration well ASZ-1X located on Prospect S was 
spudded on 8 November 2018 and was the first of 
two commitment wells to be drilled in the first phase 
of the new concession. An oil discovery was made in 
the Abu Roash-C level. The award of a development 
lease over the discovery has recently been approved 
by EGPC and production has commenced.

Water injection
The water injection programme in Al Jahraa began 
on 14 July 2018. Injection rates have increased 
steadily over time, with an accompanying reduction 
in wellhead pressure, indicating that reservoir 
injectivity has become established. Injection rates 
into the Al Jahraa-9 well are currently averaging 
approximately 2,000 barrels of water per day, which 
is sufficient to re-pressurise the reservoir.

2019 drilling campaign
Following joint venture approval, an active drilling 
programme has been agreed for 2019 including the 
drilling of one exploration well (SW-ASH-1X), two in-
fill oil producer wells (Al Jahraa-11 and Al Jahraa-7) 
and a second water injection well on the Al Jahraa 
field. Activity in 2019 continues the planned 
development programme in the Al Jahraa field,  
as well as further exploration on the concession.

The Al Jahraa-11 development well, the first in the 
2019 programme, was spudded on 13 March 2019 
and is targeting the AR-C and Bahariya reservoirs. 
The well is expected to take approximately two 
months to complete.

14 

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

Rockhopper Exploration plc 

Strategic Report

Greater Mediterranean snapshot

Italy 

ITALY

CROATIA

Guendalina
>  20% working 

interest
>   Northern 
Adriatic

>  2018 production 

180 boepd

Guendalina

Adriatic Sea

Rimini

0

50

Kilometres

Adriatic Sea

ITALY

Bari

Monte Grosso

Taranto

Monte Grosso 
>   23% working 
interest
>   ~250 mmbbl  
oil prospect
>   23% chance  
of success

Adriatic Sea

Civita

ITALY

Campobasso

0

50

Kilometres

Adriatic Sea

Pescara

Ombrina Mare

ITALY

Civita
>  100% working 

interest

>  Onshore gas 
production

>  2018 production 

130 boepd 
(excluding 
pipeline 
disruption)

Ombrina Mare
>  100% working 

interest

>  International 
arbitration 
commenced

>  Outcome 

expected late 
Q3/early Q4 2019

0

100

Kilometres

0

50

Kilometres

Tyrrhenian
 Sea

Egypt 
Egypt

Abu Sennan
>  22% working 

interest

>  Western Desert
>  2018 production  

813 boepd

Mediterranean Sea

Cairo

Abu Sennan

EGYPT

0

200

Kilometres

El Qa’a Plain
>  25% working 

interest
>  Exploration 

commitment 
well drilled Q2 
2018

>  Relinquished  
end of 2018

Mediterranean Sea

Cairo

EGYPT

El Qa’a
Plain

Red
Sea

0

200

Kilometres

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018 

15

 
 
Strategic Report

Rockhopper Exploration plc

Guendalina, Italy (20% working interest)
Production decline at Guendalina continued to be 
broadly in line with expectations during 2018 with 
production over the period averaging approximately 
30,000 standard cubic metres (“scm”) per day of 
gas net to Rockhopper (approximately 180 boe per 
day). Plant availability over the period continued to 
be strong with production from the side-track well 
in 2015 continuing to make a material contribution to 
field production. Efforts continue with the operator 
to manage declining production levels as well as 
reduce operating costs.

Civita, Italy (100% working interest)
In February 2018, a depressurisation event 
occurred at the Civita pipeline and, as a result, 
production was suspended. Following remedial 
works and reinstatement of the pipeline, production 
recommenced in July 2018 at pre-incident levels 
of approximately 20,000 scm per day of gas 
(approximately 130 boe per day).

As described later in the Financial Review, the 
Company agreed in June 2017 the terms for the 
disposal of a package of non-core interests in Italy, 
including the Civita field, to Cabot Energy plc. However, 
following failure to satisfy all relevant conditions 
precedent, including receipt of requisite regulatory 
approvals in Italy, the Company and Cabot have 
mutually agreed not to proceed with the transaction.

Monte Grosso, Italy (23% working interest)
Rockhopper transferred the operatorship of 
the Serra San Bernado permit (which contains 
the Monte Grosso prospect) to Eni during 2016. 
Since that time, options for the design of a well on 
the Monte Grosso prospect have been explored 
and work undertaken to secure the permits and 
approvals required to drill a well. 

However, on 12 February 2019, the Italian 
government introduced certain further changes  
to oil and gas law through the “Sustainable Energy 
Bill”. These changes include, amongst other 
things, a temporary suspension on exploration 
activities including the drilling of exploration wells. 
Discussions are ongoing between the Serra San 
Bernado joint venture partners to agree a  
forward plan.

El Qa’a Plain, Egypt (25% working interest)
Exploration commitment well Raya-1X in the El Qa’a 
Plain concession was spudded on 17 June 2018 
and reached TD approximately two weeks later. At 
the primary Nukhul Formation objective, wireline 
logging confirmed the presence of good porosity 
sands, although no hydrocarbons were encountered. 
The well has been plugged and abandoned and 
concession relinquished.

16 

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

Rockhopper Exploration plc 

Strategic Report

Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)

The Board monitors the Company’s progress 
against its Key Performance Indicators to assess 
performance and delivery against pre-defined 
strategic objectives. 

KPIs have been set based on short-term targets 
designed to ensure the Company achieves its long-
term strategy.

The Company measures a number of operational 
and financial metrics to ascertain performance. 

In 2018, Rockhopper continued to deliver on a 
number of its key metrics.

2018 

KPI #1

KPI #2

Definition

Performance

Attainment

Bringing an additional paying partner 
into the Sea Lion Development project  
and/or working closely with the 
operator to deliver a financing solution 
to enable the joint venture to advance to 
project sanction.

>  Letters of Intent signed with 

contractors for provision of vendor 
finance

>  Discussions ongoing with senior 

debt providers

>  Preparation well advanced for  

PIM submission Q2 2019

Partially achieved

Making a commercial discovery in Egypt.

>  Al Jahraa-6: Successful oil 

KPI #3

Preservation of the Company’s cash 
position/strengthen the Company’s 
balance sheet which could be by way  
of a new venture.

discovery in Bahariya

>  ASZ-1X: Successful oil discovery  
in AR-C. Development lease  
recently approved

Fully achieved

>  Cash at 31 December 2018  
$40 million and no debt

>  G&A maintained at 2017 levels

>  Significant number of new venture 
opportunities reviewed in 2018. 
However, none met the Company’s 
investment criteria

Partially achieved

2019 

KPI #1

KPI #2

Definition

Bringing an additional paying partner into the Sea Lion Development project  
and/or working closely with the operator to deliver a financing solution to enable  
the joint venture to advance to project sanction.

Preservation of the Company’s cash position/strengthen the Company’s balance sheet. 

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018 

17

Strategic Report

Rockhopper Exploration plc

Financial review

Stewart MacDonald
Chief Financial Officer

Overview
During 2018, significant progress was made to 
advance and execute the financing plan for the Sea 
Lion Phase 1 development. Submission of the PIM 
and formal funding application for senior project 
finance debt, expected in Q2 2019, represents a 
material milestone in the funding process.

Our Greater Mediterranean portfolio continues to 
provide a low-cost, short-cycle production base 
which has delivered strong revenues and operating 
cash flows for the Company which have more than 
covered the Group’s G&A costs. 

During the year, the Group’s gas production in Italy 
was sold under short-term contract with an average 
realised price of w0.25 per scm (2017: w0.19 per scm), 
equivalent to US$8.2 per thousand standard cubic 
feet (“mscf”). Gas is sold at a price linked to the Italian 
“PSV” (Virtual Exchange Point) gas marker price.

In Egypt, all of the Group’s oil and gas production is 
sold to EGPC. The average realised price for oil was 
US$68.4 per barrel, a small discount to the average 
Brent price over the same period. Gas is sold at a 
fixed price of US$2.65 per million British thermal 
units (“mmbtu”).

Results summary

US$m (unless otherwise specified) 

Production (kboepd) 
Revenue 
Cash operating costs 
Recurring administrative expenses (“G&A”) 
Loss after tax 
Cash in flow from operating activities 
Cash resources 
Net assets 

2018 

2017

1.2
10.4
4.1
5.3 
(6.1) 
1.6

1.1 
10.6 
4.6 
5.3 
(7.1) 
5.4 
40.4 
50.7
415.3  420.6

Operating costs
Cash operating costs, excluding depreciation and 
impairment charges, amounted to US$4.6 million 
(2017: US$4.1 million). The small increase in 
underlying cash operating costs is primarily due  
to the costs associated with the development wells 
and water injection programme being carried out  
at Abu Sennan as well as incremental operating 
costs at Guendalina. Cash operating costs on a per 
barrel of oil equivalent basis remain attractive at  
US$11.7 per boe.

Results for the year
For the year ended 31 December 2018, the Group 
reported revenues of US$10.6 million and cash  
from operating activities of US$5.4 million.

Revenue
The Group’s revenues of US$10.6 million  
(2017: $10.4 million) during the year relate entirely 
to the sale of oil and natural gas in the Greater 
Mediterranean (Egypt and Italy). The increase in 
revenues from the comparable period reflects an 
increase in realised oil and gas prices, offset by  
a modest reduction in production (due to natural  
field decline at Guendalina and pipeline issues  
at Civita).

Working interest production averaged approximately 
1,064 boepd during 2018, a small reduction over the 
comparable period (2017: 1,184 boepd).

The Group continues to manage corporate costs 
having achieved an approximate 50% reduction in 
G&A cost, excluding non-recurring expenses related 
to restructuring and acquisitions, since 2014. G&A 
costs in 2018 amounted to US$5.3 million, flat with 
the comparable year (2017: US$5.3 million).

Following the decision in February 2016 by the 
Ministry of Economic Development not to award 
the Group a Production Concession covering the 
Ombrina Mare field, in March 2017, the Group 
commenced international arbitration proceedings 
against the Republic of Italy. All costs associated with 
the arbitration are funded on a non-recourse (“no win 
– no fee”) basis from a specialist arbitration funder.

Cash movements and capital expenditure
At 31 December 2018, the Group had cash  
resources of US$40.4 million (31 December 2017:  
US$50.7 million) and no debt.

18 

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rockhopper Exploration plc 

Strategic Report

Cash resources movements during the year:

Opening cash balance (31 December 2017) 
Revenues 
Cost of sales 
Falkland Islands 
Greater Mediterranean 
Admin and miscellaneous 
Closing cash balance (31 December 2018) 

US$m

51
11
(5)
(11)
(4)
(2)
40

Falkland Islands spend of US$11.0 million relates 
primarily to pre-development activities on Sea Lion 
(2017: US$6.7 million).

Spend in the Greater Mediterranean largely relates 
to the Egyptian drilling campaigns at Abu Sennan  
and El Qa’a Plain.

Admin and miscellaneous includes G&A, foreign 
exchange, movements in working capital balances  
as well as a non-recurring VAT credit received  
during the period.

Impairment of oil and gas assets
Rockhopper has tested the carrying value of 
its assets for impairment. Carrying values are 
compared to the value in use of the assets based 
on discounted cash flow models. Future cash flows 
were estimated using an oil price assumption equal 
to the Brent forward curve during the period 2019  
to 2020, with a long-term price of US$70/bbl (in 
“real” terms) thereafter. A post-tax nominal discount 
rate of 10% and 12.5% was used for the Group’s 
Greater Mediterranean and Falkland Islands  
assets respectively. 

With no cash flow generation expected from Sea 
Lion until 2022 at the earliest, the impact of the 
Brent forward curve during the period 2019 to 2020 
on the fair value calculation is limited. As such, no 
impairment arises on the Sea Lion project. A range 
of sensitivities have been considered as part of the 
impairment testing process. Even in the event of a 
US$20 per barrel reduction in the Group’s long-term 
oil price assumption, no impairment on Sea Lion 
arises. Equally, no impairment would arise even  
if the Group assumed project sanction was delayed  
by seven years.

Mergers, acquisitions and disposals
On 8 June 2017, Rockhopper announced the 
conditional disposal of a portfolio of non-core interests 
onshore Italy to Northern Petroleum Plc (“Northern”). 
Northern has subsequently undertaken a corporate 
name change to Cabot Energy plc (“Cabot”).

Following failure to satisfy all relevant conditions 
precedent, including receipt of requisite regulatory 
approvals in Italy, the Company and Cabot have 
mutually agreed not to proceed with the transaction. 
As a result, Rockhopper retains the benefit of 
the positive cash flows generated from the Civita 
portfolio which, had the transaction proceeded, 
would have been paid to Cabot.

Taxation
On the 8 April 2015, the Group agreed binding 
documentation (“Tax Settlement Deed”) with the FIG 
in relation to the tax arising from the Group’s farm 
out to Premier Oil.

The Tax Settlement Deed confirms the quantum and 
deferment of the outstanding tax liability and is made 
under Extra Statutory Concession 16.

As a result of the Tax Settlement Deed, the 
outstanding tax liability was confirmed at  
£64.4 million and is payable on the earlier of: (i) the 
first royalty payment date on Sea Lion; (ii) the date 
of which Rockhopper disposes of all or a substantial 
part of the Group’s remaining licence interests in the 
North Falkland Basin; or (iii) a change of control of 
Rockhopper Exploration plc. 

During the first half of 2017, as a result of the Group 
receiving the full Exploration Carry from Premier 
during the 2015/16 drilling campaign, the Falkland 
Islands Commissioner of Taxation agreed to reduce 
the tax liability in line with the terms of the Tax 
Settlement Deed. As such, the tax liability has been 
revised downwards to £59.6 million. 

Due to the movement in the Sterling:US dollar 
exchange rate, the outstanding tax liability in  
US dollar terms has reduced to US$76.1 million  
(31 December 2017: US$80.6 million). The 
outstanding tax liability is classified as non- 
current and is discounted to a year-end value  
of US$37.9 million.

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018 

19
19

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Strategic Report

Rockhopper Exploration plc

Full details of the provisions and undertakings of the 
Tax Settlement Deed were disclosed in the Group’s 
2014 Annual Report and these include “creditor 
protection” provisions including undertakings not  
to declare dividends or make distributions while the 
tax liability remains outstanding (in whole or in part). 

Brexit
It is the view of the Board that, given the Group’s 
focus on the North Falkland Basin and Greater 
Mediterranean region, Rockhopper’s business, 
assets and operations will not be materially 
affected by Brexit. Rockhopper derives a significant 
proportion of its revenue from crude oil, a globally 
traded commodity priced in US dollars.

Liquidity, counterparty risk and going concern
The Group monitors its cash position, cash 
forecasts and liquidity on a regular basis and takes 
a conservative approach to cash management, with 
surplus cash held on term deposits with a number  
of major financial institutions.

Following the Group’s acquisition of production and 
exploration assets in Egypt, the Group is exposed 
to potential payment delay from EGPC, which is an 
issue which has historically been common to many 
upstream companies operating in the country. As at 
31 December 2018, Rockhopper’s EGPC receivable 
balance was approximately US$1.3 million.

Cash forecasts are regularly produced based on, 
inter alia, the Group’s production and expenditure 
forecasts and management’s best estimates of 
future commodity prices. Sensitivities are run to 
reflect different scenarios including changes in 
production rates, possible reductions in commodity 
prices and increased costs. Management’s base case 
forecast assumes an oil price of US$65/bbl in 2019 
and 2020, production in line with prevailing rates 
and expenditures in line with approved budgets. The 
Group has run downside scenarios, where oil prices 
are reduced by a flat $10/bbl throughout the going 
concern period and where cost expenditures have 
increased by 5%.

Under the base case forecast and the downside 
scenarios run, the Group will have sufficient financial 
headroom to meet forecast cash requirements  
for the 12 months from the date of approval of the 
2018 financial statements. However, beyond the  
12 month going concern assessment depending on 
the timing of sanction for the Sea Lion development, 
in the absence of any mitigating actions, the Group 
may have insufficient funds to meet its forecast 
cash requirements. Potential mitigating actions 
could include non-core asset disposals, collection of 
arbitration award proceeds, deferral of expenditure 
or raising additional equity.

Accordingly, after making enquiries and considering 
the risks described above, the Directors have 
assessed that the cash balance held provides the 
Group with adequate headroom over forecasted 
expenditure for at least the following 12 months – 
as a result, the Directors have adopted the going 
concern basis of accounting in preparing the annual 
financial statements. 

Principal risk and uncertainties
A detailed review of the potential risks and 
uncertainties which could impact the Group are 
outlined elsewhere in this Strategic Report. The 
Group identified its principal risks at the end of  
2018 as being:

>  sustained low oil price; 
>  joint venture partner alignment and funding 

issues, both of which could ultimately create a 
delay to the Sea Lion Final Investment Decision; 
and

>  insufficient liquidity and funding capacity in the 
event of a protracted delay to the Sea Lion Final 
Investment Decision.

Stewart MacDonald
Chief Financial Officer

1 April 2019

20 

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

Rockhopper Exploration plc 

Strategic Report

Internal controls and risk management

The Board is responsible for establishing and 
maintaining the system of internal controls  
which has been in place throughout 2018.

The Directors are responsible for the Group’s system 
of internal control and for reviewing its effectiveness. 
The Group’s system of internal control is designed to 
manage rather than eliminate the risk of failure to 
achieve the Group’s business objectives and therefore 
provides reasonable, rather than absolute, assurance 
against material misstatement or loss. 

The Group operates a series of controls to meet its 
needs. The Group receives reports from the external 
auditor concerning the system of internal control 
and any material control weaknesses. The Board 
considers that there is no necessity at the present 
time to establish an independent internal audit 
function given the current size and complexity of the 
business. However, an initial internal audit review was 
conducted during 2016 using an independent third 
party audit firm. 

That review focused on the Group’s financial controls 
and encompassed the key financial transaction  
cycles including:

> capital projects 
> monthly financial reporting 
> bank and treasury 
> revenue to receivables.

During 2017 an independent assessment of the 
Group’s progress against those items identified during 
the 2016 initial assessment was conducted – the 
conclusion of such review was that material progress 
had been made while some areas remain open  
to improvement.

A further review of the Group’s financial controls will 
be conducted in the event of a material change of the 
Group (which could include a material acquisition or 
project sanction of the Sea Lion project).

The process of monitoring and updating internal 
controls and procedures continues throughout the 
year and a risk management process is in place. 
Existing processes and practices are reviewed to 
ensure that risks are effectively managed around  
a sound internal control structure. 

A fundamental element of the internal control 
structure involves the identification and 
documentation of significant risks, the likelihood 
of those risks occurring, their potential impact and 
the plans for managing and mitigating each of those 
risks. These assessments are reviewed by the Board. 
The plans are discussed, updated and reviewed at 
each board meeting, and any matters arising from 
internal reviews or external audit are also considered.

Rockhopper Board

Overall responsibility

>  Overall responsibility  
for risk management  
and internal control
>  Defines risk appetite
>  Reviews principal risks 

register

Audit & Risk Committee

Review and confirm

>  Monitors, reviews and 

confirms Company’s risk 
management system and 
internal controls

Senior Management

Identification, mitigation  
and implementation

>  Risk assessment, 

identification and mitigation

>  Implementation of risk 
management system  
and internal control

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018 

21

Strategic Report

Rockhopper Exploration plc

Principal risks and uncertainties

Strategic risks 

Description 

Impact 

Mitigants 

Recent changes and ongoing initiatives

Delay in Sea Lion Final Investment  
Decision (due to low oil price outlook, 
increased project costs or partner  
funding issues) and potential loss  
of licence interests.

>  Increased costs
>  Delay in future cash flow
>  Reduced value creation
>  Loss of investor confidence
>  In extremis, potential loss of licence interests.

The sovereignty of the Falkland Islands  
is disputed. 

>  Open aggression is not expected
>  Certain service providers and financial institutions 
may choose not to provide services for fear of the 
impact an association may have on their business  
in Argentina.

Financial risks 

Description 

Impact 

Mitigants 

Recent changes and ongoing initiatives

Insufficient liquidity and funding capacity.

>  Uncertain financial outcome
>  Inability to meet financial obligations
>  Restricted work programmes due to lack of capital.

Uncertainty and volatility of commodity prices.

>  Impact on expected future revenues, margins,  

cash flows and returns

>  Impact on future debt capacity.

Uncertainty of fiscal regime and regulatory 
requirements; Sea Lion remains the only 
commercial oil discovery declared in the 
Falkland Islands.

>  Schedule risk
>  Loss of value
>  Uncertain financial outcome. 

Failure by JV partners to fund their financial 
obligations.

>  Increased costs
>  Potential failure to meet financial and operational 

obligations

>  In extremis, potential loss of licence interests.

Recoverability of receivables and exposure 
to foreign exchange.

>  Uncertainty on timing of receipt and currency  

of payments.

22 

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

Strategic risks 

Description 

Impact 

Mitigants 

Recent changes and ongoing initiatives

Rockhopper Exploration plc 

Strategic Report

>  Active engagement with the operator and regulators to 
establish constructive and trusted working relationships
>  Active participation in technical meetings to challenge, 

influence and/or support partners to establish a 
cohesive JV view and decision making

>  Active support to operator in its objective of securing 

funding for the project.

>  The British Government has issued strong rebuttals  

to the Argentine claims

>  The Company is in regular contact with the Foreign  

& Commonwealth Office

>  In a referendum, conducted in 2013, the Falkland  
Islands voted unequivocally to remain as a British 
Overseas Territory.

>   Field Development Plan and EIS substantially agreed with Falkland 

Islands Government. Formal approval expected at sanction

>   Letters of Intent for provision of services and financing signed 

with set of world class contractors

>   Ongoing engagement with providers of senior debt including 

project finance banks and export credit agencies. PIM 
submission in Q2 2019

>  In September 2016, the British Government and the Government 
of Argentina agreed a joint statement on areas of cooperation, 
including working towards removing restrictive measures affecting 
the oil & gas industry in the Falkland Islands

>  Further to the September 2016 joint statement, a second 

commercial air link between South America and the Falklands has 
been agreed and is expected to commence operations in 2019

Financial risks 

Description 

Impact 

Mitigants 

Recent changes and ongoing initiatives

>  Short-term and long-term cash forecasts are reported  

>  The Company’s balance sheet remains strong with cash  

to the Board on a regular basis

at 31 December 2018 of $40 million and no debt

>  The Company has no debt
>  Through the 2012 farm-out and subsequent revisions, Rockhopper 

>  Corporate and operating costs funded by revenues from  
the Company’s Greater Mediteranean portfolio in 2018.

secured a $337m Development Carry for the initial phase of 
development of Sea Lion, a $337m Development Carry for the 
subsequent phase of development of Sea Lion and a $750m Standby 
Loan facility from Premier Oil

>  Agreement reached to defer tax liability associated with 2012 farm-out.

>  Contingency built into planning and budgeting process to allow for 

downside movements in commodity prices

>  Sustained low oil prices typically lead to a reduction in activity levels with 
a resultant reduction in industry development and exploration costs
>  The Company may consider it appropriate in the future to hedge a 

proportion of its production, particularly if the Company is reliant on such 
production to service debt.

>  As a result of the low oil price environment experienced 
over the last few years, industry and service costs have 
reduced and, through the Sea Lion FEED process, 
significant cost reductions have been achieved.

>  Maintain positive relationships with host governments and key 

stakeholders through regular dialogue and engagement

>  Legal agreements in place to protect interests
>  Seek appropriate legal and tax advice if required.

>  During 2018, good progress was made with the Falkland Island 
Government in relation to a range of commercial, fiscal and 
regulatory matters.

>  Partner selection is a critical component of any investment decision
>  Joint Operating Agreements and other commercial arrangements 
provide legal protections in the event joint venture partners fail to 
meet their obligations.

>  Active engagement with joint venture partners to ensure 

alignment

>  Ongoing monitoring and regular review of the Company’s 
financial exposure to joint venture partner credit risk.

>  Active engagement with EGPC and joint venture partners to 

>  Significant payments received from EGPC  

manage payments and the Company’s foreign currency liquidity

during 2018.

>  Monitor macro-economic environment and lobby through 

established relationships if required

>  Active treasury management to minimise funds held in foreign 

currencies and match with creditor balances.

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018 

23

Strategic Report

Rockhopper Exploration plc

Operational risks 

Description 

Impact 

Mitigants 

Recent changes and ongoing initiatives

Reliance on JV operators for asset 
performance.

>  Cost and schedule overruns
>  Poor performance of assets
>  HSE performance.

The assumptions used to estimate 
hydrocarbon resources may prove  
incorrect or inaccurate. 

>  Exploration and appraisal efforts may target 

ultimately uncommercial volumes  
of hydrocarbons.

HSE and security risks 

Description 

Impact 

Mitigants 

Recent changes and ongoing initiatives

Health, safety, environment and security 
incidents.

>  Serious injury or death
>  Environmental impacts
>  Loss of reputation
>  Regulatory penalties.

Organisational risks 

Description 

Impact 

Mitigants 

Recent changes and ongoing initiatives

Staff recruitment, development  
and retention.

>  Disruption to business
>  Loss of key knowledge and experience.

24 

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

Operational risks 

Description 

Impact 

Mitigants 

Recent changes and ongoing initiatives

Rockhopper Exploration plc 

Strategic Report

>  Actively engage with all JV partners to establish trusted 

>  Active involvement by the Company in the evaluation and selection  

working relationships

of contractors for the Sea Lion project

>  Active participation in technical meetings to challenge, 
apply influence and/or support partners to establish a 
cohesive JV view and decision making.

>  Active involvement by the Company in the identification, evaluation 

and ultimate selection of well locations for the Company’s 
forthcoming drilling campaign in Egypt.

>  The Company employs qualified and experienced 

>  Analysis of commerciality thresholds is inherent in exploration 

technical personnel

>  External consultants are regularly commissioned to 
support technical evaluations or provide independent 
assessments

>  A prudent range of possible outcomes are considered 

within the planning and budgeting process.

planning and licence acquisition analysis

>  In May 2016 the Company announced completion of an 

independent audit of the contingent and prospective resources in 
licences PL032 and PL004 in the North Falklands Basin
>  Company estimates of recoverable oil & gas resources are 

generally consistent with those held by the operator and other 
independent assessments or audits.

HSE and security risks 

Description 

Impact 

Mitigants 

Recent changes and ongoing initiatives

>  Regular review of HSE policies and procedures to ensure 
full compliance with industry “best practice” as well as all 
appropriate international and local rules and regulations
>  Emergency and oil spill response procedures regularly tested
>  Third party specialists in place to assist with security 
arrangements and travel risks where appropriate.

>  In 2017, the Company successfully completed the removal of the 
Ombrina Mare tripod structure – understood to be one of the first 
decommissioning exercises completed in Italian waters and fulfilling  
all required regulatory and authorisation processes.

Organisational risks 

Description 

Impact 

Mitigants 

Recent changes and ongoing initiatives

>  Training and development opportunities are considered 

>  A short-term succession plan is in place for executive directors  

for all staff

and key staff members.

>  Executive directors and senior staff have notice period 

of between 6 and 12 months to ensure sufficient time to 
handover responsibilities in the event of a departure
>  Succession planning considered regularly at Board level 
>  The Remuneration Committee regularly evaluates 

compensation and incentivisation schemes to ensure 
they remain competitive.

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018 

25

Strategic Report

Rockhopper Exploration plc

Health, safety, environmental and social management

Rockhopper’s strategy is to explore, appraise 
and develop its operated and non operated 
acreage both safely and responsibly. The two key 
elements of this strategy involve maintaining high 
standards of Health, Safety and Environmental 
(HSE) protection throughout its operations and 
communicating clearly with its stakeholders, both 
operational and within the local community. 

Maintaining high standards of Health, Safety and 
Environmental (HSE) protection is achieved through:

HSE MANAGEMENT  
SYSTEM 

Health and Safety

> Strong leadership and clearly defined 

responsibilities and accountabilities for HSE  
at all levels of the organisation;

> Selection of competent personnel to manage 

activities;

Environment

Business conduct

> Compliance with regulatory and other applicable 
requirements, or where regulations do not exist, 
application of industry standards;

> Identifying, assessing and managing HSE  

Employees

> Developing specific HSE plans for each 

risks and preventing pollution;

Local communities

> Selecting competent contractors and ensuring 

operational project;

that they are effectively managed;

> Preparing and testing response plans to ensure 
that any incident can be quickly and efficiently 
controlled, reported and investigated to prevent 
recurrence;

> Continual improvement of HSE performance 
through monitoring, regular reporting and 
periodic audits; and

> Periodic management reviews to identify and 

implement improvements to our HSE systems. 

This policy is implemented through our HSE 
Management System, which has been prepared to 
be consistent with international standards for HSE 
management including ISO14001 and ISO18001. 

Our HSE Management System is used to guide 
all our activities and will not be compromised by 
other business priorities. Application of the HSE 
Management System will include preparation of 
detailed Environmental Impact Statements (“EISs”) 
for all of the Group’s activities. The preparation of the 
EIS includes consultation with interested parties and 
the local Government as well as public meetings to 
present findings and obtain feedback from the local 
community. For our non operated ventures one of 
our key roles is to seek to ensure (wherever possible) 
that the operator maintains high standards of HSE 
protection in line with our management systems.

Operational stakeholders
Where we have operating responsibility all 
contractors are selected taking into account their 
skills, experience and HSE performance. There is 
a contractor selection and management section in 
the HSE management system and we are closely 
involved in day-to-day operations and closely monitor 
contractor performance.

Local community stakeholders
The Falkland Islands has a population of 
approximately 3,000 people and each member is 
considered a stakeholder in the Group’s strategy. 
We recognise that a key element in maintaining 
stakeholder support is regular communication 
at all levels. Our primary point of contact is the 
Falkland Islands Government Department for 
Mineral Resources and since inception we have 
had good communication with all of the team there. 
Since the start of operations, we have increasingly 
liaised with other government departments, such 
as the Secretariat and the Tax Office as well as the 
Governor. 

In the Greater Mediterranean region we maintain 
regular dialogue with various operators, regulators, 
local communities and other stakeholders to build 
constructive relationships and support.

Approval of Strategic Report
This Strategic Report was approved by the directors 
and signed on their behalf on 1 April 2019 by:

Samuel Moody 
Chief Executive Officer

26 

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

Rockhopper Exploration plc 

Governance Report

Rockhopper Board

How your Board works

Shareholders

Board of Directors

Ongoing dialogue

Day-to-day running of Rockhopper

Chief Executive Officer

Executive Committee

Findings and  
recommendations in  
relation to financial 
reporting

External 
Auditors

Audit & Risk
Committee

Remuneration 
Committee

Nomination 
Committee

Integrity of financial information 
and internal controls

Framework and individual  
Director packages

Board composition 
and succession

Corporate diversity

Company composition – 19 employees as at 31 December 2018

Male
53%

Female
47%

 63%  British
 21%  Italian
 11%  Egyptian
   5%  Other EU nationals

Non-executive director tenure

< 3 years

25%

3-6 years

6-9 years

50%

25%

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

27

Governance Report

Rockhopper Exploration plc

Board of Directors 

Directors

David McManus
Chairman 65

Samuel Moody
Chief Executive Officer 49

Stewart MacDonald
Chief Financial Officer 38

Skills and experience

David is a petroleum engineer 
with a degree from Heriott 
Watt University with over  
35 years experience in the oil 
and gas industry, with Shell, 
Ultramar, ARCO, BG Group 
and Pioneer. 

Sam is a co-founder of 
Rockhopper and has been 
responsible for building and 
managing the group from  
its formation in early 2004. 

He previously worked in 
several roles within the 
financial sector, including 
positions at AXA Equity & 
Law Investment Management 
and St Paul’s Investment 
Management.

Stewart has 17 years of 
energy and corporate finance 
experience. 

Prior to joining Rockhopper, 
Stewart was a Director in 
Rothschild’s global oil and 
gas group and spent 12 
years advising clients in the 
sector on a range of M&A 
transactions as well as debt 
and equity financings.

Committee membership: 

 > Nomination (Chairman) 

—

 External appointments: 

Director: 
>  Greenland Gas  
& Oil Limited

Chairman: 
> FLEX LNG
>  Verus Petroleum UK 
Limited (private)

Director:  
> Hess Corporation
> Costain plc

—

—

28 

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

 
Rockhopper Exploration plc 

Governance Report

Keith Lough
Senior Independent Director 60

Alison Baker
Non-Executive Director 48

Tim Bushell
Non-Executive Director 59

John Summers
Non-Executive Director 63

Keith has over 30 years 
experience in the natural 
resources sector in both 
senior finance and general 
management roles with 
LASMO, Petrokazakhstan, 
British Energy and Hutton 
Energy. He was also a founder 
shareholder and CEO of 
unconventional gas explorer 
Composite Energy Limited.

Alison has 25 years’ 
experience in provision 
of audit, capital markets 
and advisory services. 
She previously led UK and 
EMEA Oil & Gas practice at 
PricewaterhouseCoopers  
and prior to that the UK  
Energy, Utilities and Mining 
Assurance practice at Ernst  
& Young.

Keith was previously Chairman 
of Gulf Keystone Petroleum. 

Dr John Summers is a 
geologist with degrees from 
the University of Liverpool. 
He worked for British Gas/
BG Group plc for 29 years 
holding a variety of roles from 
Exploration Manager, Vice 
President Exploration, Chief 
Geologist, General Manager 
Technology and Performance 
and VP New Ventures. 

Tim is a qualified geologist with 
more than 30 years’ experience 
in the oil and gas industry. He 
worked at Ultramar, British 
Gas and Schlumberger and 
was with LASMO for 10 years 
where his roles included 
General Manager of its South 
Atlantic business unit which 
participated in the drilling 
campaign in the North Falkland 
Basin in 1998. Tim was 
Managing Director, Norway at 
Paladin Resources plc from 
2001 until joining Falkland and 
Gas Limited in 2006 where he 
was Chief Executive Officer.

> Audit & Risk (Chairman)
> Remuneration
> Nomination 

> Audit & Risk
> Remuneration
> Nomination

> Audit & Risk
> Remuneration (Chairman)
> Nomination

> Audit & Risk 
> Remuneration
> Nomination

Director: 
> Cairn Energy plc
>  UK Gas and Electricity  
Markets Authority

 > Hunting PLC

Director:  
> KAZ Minerals PLC
> Centamin plc

Deputy Chairman:
> Wentworth Resources plc

—

Director:
 > Petro Matad Limited
> Genel Energy plc
>  Redrock Energy Limited 

(private)

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

29

 
 
 
Governance Report

Rockhopper Exploration plc

Senior management team

Rockhopper has an experienced and highly capable senior management team.

Paul Culpin
Development Manager

>  Over 40 years experience of oil and gas field development and operations
>  Worked with Rockhopper since 2010 initially as a consultant before  

joining full time in 2011

>  Previous roles with Exxon, Mobil, Enterprise Oil, Burlington Resources  

and Newfield Petroleum

>  Worked in many areas of the world and has been a part of the senior  
management team for three international green field oil and gas 
development projects including Bijupira-Salema FPSO offshore Brazil.

Jan Davies
Company Secretary

> Qualified Company Secretary with law degree
>  Joined Rockhopper as a consultant in 2010 and became  

an employee in 2011

>  Over 20 years experience in the independent oil and gas sector
>  Previous roles with Monument Oil and Gas, Indago Petroleum  

and Serica Energy.

Alun Griffiths
Reservoir Engineer and  
Sea Lion Asset Manager

> Chartered Engineer
> Over 35 years Petroleum Engineering experience 
>  Worked with Rockhopper since 2010, initially as a consultant  

and joined full time in 2015

>  Previous roles with Shell, Intera-ECL and Schlumberger,  

then spent 16 years working as a freelance reservoir engineer  
for a wide variety of international clients.

Will Perry
Group Financial Controller

>  Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants England and Wales 
>  Worked with Rockhopper since 2010 before joining full time in 2011
>  Joined from Smith & Williamson where he was a senior manager  

with a portfolio of clients from a range of industries including those  
in the oil and gas sector.

Lucy Williams
Geoscience Manager

>  Chartered geologist and currently Chairman of the Petroleum Group  

of the Geological society

>  Geoscientist with 25 years exploration and development experience
>  11 years with Chevron during which time she was Lead Development  

Geologist on the 4.5Tcf Britannia gas condensate field in the North Sea 
>  Subsurface Manager of the Songo Songo gas field; at the time Tanzania’s  

only producing field

>  Worked on a variety of geologic basins across the world
>  Joined Rockhopper in June 2011, initially to assist with construction  

of first Sea Lion geomodels. 

30 

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

Rockhopper Exploration plc 

Governance Report

Corporate governance statement

Introduction from the Chairman on the 
Governance Report
The Company is an AIM listed company and 
is required to apply a recognised corporate 
governance code. Historically, the Board’s 
corporate governance policy had been to 
observe the provisions of the 2016 UK Corporate 
Governance Code (the “UKCG Code”) applicable 
to FTSE 350 companies as far as practicable given 
the size of the Company. During 2018, the Board 
undertook a review of the provisions of both the 
UKCG Code and the Quoted Companies Alliance 
Corporate Governance Code (the “QCA Code”) 
to assess which corporate governance code was 
appropriate for the Company at this stage in its 
development. The Board concluded that the QCA 
Code, which is designed for small to mid-sized 
companies and which has been adopted by many 
AIM companies, was the appropriate code to adopt. 

The Board has considered how the Company 
applies the ten principles of the QCA Code and 
the Governance Report includes the required 
disclosures and explanations. Further details of 
the Company’s corporate governance practices 
are provided on the Company’s website under the 
corporate governance section of the AIM rule 26 
disclosure.

Corporate Governance Statement 
The Board recognises that good governance 
supports the execution of the Company’s 
strategy and delivery of shareholder value. 
Rockhopper’s Board, led by the Chairman, is 
committed to maintaining high standards of 
corporate governance and to ensuring that the 
Company’s values are promoted and its strategy 
clearly communicated across the Group and to 
shareholders and stakeholders. 

Corporate culture 
Rockhopper has a small, experienced and diverse 
team of employees most of whom hold shares in 
the Company. The Board promotes a culture of 
openness and transparency and staff understand, 
and are fully committed to delivery of, the 
corporate objectives.

The Company is committed to ensuring that there 
is a healthy corporate culture and has put in place 
a number of policies and procedures which are 
designed to ensure that ethical and transparent 
behaviour is recognised and followed across the 
Group. These include the HSE Policy, Code of 
Business Conduct and Social Responsibility, Anti-
Bribery and Corruption Policy and Procedures and 
Share Dealing Code.

Board composition
The Board currently consists of a Non-Executive 
Chairman and two Executive and four Non-Executive 
Directors including the Senior Independent Director. 
The Chairman will retire at the 2019 Annual General 
Meeting and will be replaced by Keith Lough. During 
2018, John Martin retired as a Non-Executive 
Director and Alison Baker was appointed to the 
Board as a Non-Executive Director.

The Board considers that the Chairman and the 
Non-Executive Directors are all independent. 
Other than any shareholdings in the Company 
and the receipt of fees for acting as Directors, the 
Chairman and Non-Executive Directors have no 
financial interests in the Company or business 
relationships that would interfere with their 
independent judgement. 

Keith Lough was the Senior Independent Director 
throughout 2018 and will be replaced by Alison 
Baker when he takes over as Chairman.

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

31

Governance Report

Rockhopper Exploration plc

Board composition during the year

Name  

Role 

Non-executives

David McManus 

Chairman 

Keith Lough 

Tim Bushell  

Senior Independent Director 

Non-Executive Director  

John Summers 

Non-Executive Director 

Alison Baker 

Non-Executive Director  

John Martin 

Executives

Sam Moody  

Non-Executive Director 

Chief Executive Officer  

Stewart MacDonald 

Chief Financial Officer  

Independent 

Length of 
service  

Date of  
appointment 

Date of  
resignation 

Yes  

Yes  

Yes* 

Yes 

Yes  

Yes  

No  

No 

8 years, 6 months 

30 September 2010 

5 years, 3 months 

14 January 2014 

3 years, 3 months 

18 January 2016 

5 years, 2 months 

1 February 2014 

0 years, 7 months 

18 September 2018 

—

— 

—

—

—

2 years, 4 months 

18 January 2016 

18 May 2018

14 years, 2 months   21 February 2005 

5 years, 1 month 

10 March 2014 

—

—

*  Tim Bushell was previously Chief Executive Officer at Falkland Oil and Gas Limited and had a short-term consultancy arrangement with the Company in 

respect of the integration of the business of FOGL which came to an end in July 2016. The Board considers him to be independent as he has demonstrated 
independence of character and judgement since joining the Board and the Board considers that there are no circumstances which are likely to affect,  
or could appear to affect, his judgement.

All the Directors are subject to annual re-election 
by shareholders at the Annual General Meeting 
and each Director is subject to election by 
shareholders at the first Annual General Meeting 
following their appointment. With the exception  
of David McManus, all Directors will be standing 
for election or re-election at the 2019 Annual 
General Meeting. 

Role of the Board
The Board is collectively responsible for delivery 
of the strategy which is designed to promote the 
long-term success of the Company and to deliver 
shareholder value. The Board is responsible for 
monitoring progress against the agreed strategic 
objectives and ensuring that major business 
risks are actively monitored and mitigated where 
appropriate. There is a schedule of matters 
reserved for the Board to ensure that the Board 
exercises control over the key matters which could 
impact on delivery of the Company’s strategy. 
Details are provided on the Company’s website 
under the corporate governance section of the  
AIM rule 26 disclosure.

Board skills and responsibilities 
The Directors have a wide range of experience 
and skills across the oil and gas industry including 
technical, operational, commercial and financial 
both in the UK and internationally. Each of 
the Non-Executive Directors have held senior 
management/board/advisory positions in the 
industry and bring relevant experience from  
their current and previous positions. 

There is a clear division of responsibilities between 
the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer which 
is set out in writing and has been approved by the 
Board. Details are given on the Company’s website. 
A clearly defined organisational structure exists 
across the Group, with lines of responsibility and 
delegation of authority to executive management. 

Senior Independent Director
The main responsibilities of the Senior 
Independent Director are as follows:

> to provide a sounding board for the Chairman 

and act as an intermediary for Board members;
> to act as a point of contact for shareholders who 
have concerns which have not been adequately 
addressed by the Chairman or Executive 
Directors; and

> to co-ordinate the Chairman’s appraisal.

Board meetings and processes
The Board has between six and seven scheduled 
formal meetings each year with other meetings 
held as required. The Chairman facilitates an 
annual strategy review and meets regularly with 
the Non-Executive Directors without the Executive 
Directors present. 

At the beginning of each Board meeting, the Board 
receives an update from the CEO on key current 
activities and issues together with Operations and 
Finance Reports and any papers relating to specific 
matters requiring consideration or approval. The 
Board considers any changes to the principal risks 
facing the Group at the start of the meeting and 
discussions take place in this context. 

32

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

 
 
 
Rockhopper Exploration plc 

Governance Report

The appointment letters of the Non-Executive 
Directors detail the expected time commitment 
which is around 20 days a year. The Non-Executive 
Directors undertake on joining the Company 
that they are able to allocate sufficient time to 
discharge effectively their responsibilities and are 
required to keep the Board updated of any changes 
in respect of their other commitments. 

Board meeting attendance 

Additional  
short notice 
Board meetings 
1/1
1/1
1/1
1/1
0/1
1/1
1/1

Name 
David McManus 
Sam Moody 
Stewart MacDonald 
Keith Lough  
Tim Bushell  
John Summers 
Alison Baker 
(appointed 18 September 2018) 

Scheduled Board 
meetings 
7/7  
*6/7 
7/7 
 7/7  
7/7  
7/7 
2/2  
(1 as invitee)

Former Director
John Martin (resigned 18 May 2018) 
Total meetings during year 

3/3  
7 

* Absent due to family bereavement.

Chairman  

The Senior Independent Director 
consults each individual Director 
for their view on the Chairman’s 
performance and feeds back any 
issues to the Chairman/Board as 
appropriate.

Audit & Risk 
Committee 

  The Chairman of the Audit & Risk 
Committee/Senior Independent 
Director and Company Secretary 
review the performance of the 
Audit & Risk Committee based on 
the Financial Reporting Council’s 
guidance to listed companies on the 
composition, role and responsibilities 
of the audit committee. The key 
conclusions are discussed by the 
Audit & Risk Committee and follow 
up action is agreed if necessary.

Board induction, training and outside advice
There is no formal induction process in place but 
new Directors receive an appropriate induction 
according to their requirements. During the year 
Alison Baker received an induction which included 
the following:

0
1

Board performance evaluation 
An internal performance evaluation of the Board 
and its committees and an appraisal of the 
Chairman’s performance is undertaken each year 
according to the following processes:

Board 

Board papers and minutes for prior 
12 months 
Schedule of matters reserved  
for the Board
Delegated financial authorities

Board 

Board members review a 
questionnaire which is focused 
on strategy, risks, performance 
against objectives, board processes, 
relationships and communication and 
Board structure and development. 
The key conclusions are discussed at 
a Board meeting and follow up action 
is agreed if necessary. 

In addition to the internal performance 
evaluation, an external performance 
evaluation of the Board was 
undertaken in 2016 with specific focus 
on the skillset and structure of the 
Board which was used as the basis for 
discussions on succession planning. 

Committees  Terms of reference for all Board 

Committees
Minutes of relevant Committee 
meetings for prior 12 months 

Policies 

Copies of current policies and 
procedures including Anti-Bribery 
and Corruption, Code of Business 
Conduct, Share Dealing Code, Internal 
Control and Financial Procedures and 
Market Abuse Regulation

Organisation  Group structure chart

Governance  Briefing on AIM obligations from the 

NOMAD

Commercial  Management summaries of key 

transactions 

Insurance  Details of Directors’ and officers’ 

liability cover

Shareholders Overview of the breakdown of the 
share register including details of 
major shareholders

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

33

 
 
 
 
 
 
Governance Report

Rockhopper Exploration plc

New directors are also encouraged to meet with 
members of the senior management team to get 
a thorough understanding of the Group’s assets 
and operations. 

Communication with shareholders 
The Company engages with shareholders  
in a variety of ways:

Meetings  Executive Directors meet regularly 

The Board supports Directors who wish to receive 
ongoing training and education relating to their 
duties. 

Independent legal advice is available at the Group’s 
expense if necessary.

External directorships and interests 
Executive Directors are permitted to engage in 
other activities and businesses outside the Group 
providing that there is no risk of conflict with 
their executive duties and subject to full Board 
disclosure.

Non-Executive Directors are required to advise  
the Chairman as soon as practicable of any 
proposed Board appointments which could give 
rise to a conflict with their position as a Director  
of the Company. 

Conflicts of interest 
The Board has in place a procedure for dealing 
with the consideration and authorisation of 
any actual or potential conflicts of interest. All 
Directors are aware of the requirement to advise 
the Chairman and Company Secretary of any 
situations which could give rise to a conflict or 
potential conflict of interest. 

Company Secretary 
The Board has a qualified Company Secretary  
and all Directors have access to her for advice  
and services. The Company Secretary ensures  
that the Board and its Committees are supplied 
with papers of sufficient quality to enable them  
to consider matters in good time for meetings  
and to discharge their duties properly. 

The Company Secretary also facilitates the 
induction of new directors and is responsible 
for providing advice to the Board, through the 
Chairman, on corporate governance matters.

Website 

Annual 
Report

AGM  

with major shareholders and the 
investment community which allows 
exposure to new investors. This 
process includes presentations, one-
to-one meetings, analyst briefings and 
press interviews. The Chief Executive 
Officer regularly briefs the Board on 
these contacts and relays the views 
expressed. Copies of analyst research 
reports, press reports and industry 
articles are circulated to all Directors 
and ensures that the Board is aware of 
the views of its major shareholders

The Company’s website is updated 
regularly with external presentations 
and corporate updates which ensures 
that existing and potential investors 
have access to up to date and relevant 
information

 The Company’s annual report gives 
a detailed overview of the Company’s 
strategy, operations, financial position, 
risk profile, corporate governance 
practice and remuneration structure 
and is available in hard copy and on 
the website. This ensures that existing 
and potential investors are provided 
with the information that they need to 
make an assessment of the Company’s 
performance and prospects

The AGM is attended by all Directors. 
The Chairman gives an overview of 
the Company’s performance in the 
period since the previous AGM and 
the Chief Executive Officer gives a 
detailed operational and financial 
update. The AGM is mainly attended 
by retail investors and gives them the 
opportunity to address questions to 
the Board. 

David McManus
Chairman

1 April 2019

34

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

Rockhopper Exploration plc 

Governance Report

Audit & Risk Committee Chairman’s report

Introduction by the Audit & Risk Committee 
Chairman, Keith Lough
I am pleased to present the report of the Audit & 
Risk Committee for the year ended 31 December 
2018 which includes details of the committee’s 
activities during the financial year and since the 
year end. 

I will be stepping down as Chairman of the 
committee at the 2019 Annual General Meeting 
when I will take up the position of Chairman 
of the Company. I will be succeeded by Alison 
Baker who is a qualified chartered accountant. 
This will also be the last audit of the financial 
statements by KPMG LLP in line with best 
practice given their nine year tenure and the 
conclusion of the audit partner’s five year term. 
After a tender process overseen by the committee, 
the Board has approved the appointment of 
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP as the Company’s 
auditor for the financial year commencing 
1 January 2019 subject to approval by shareholders 
of the Company at the 2019 Annual General 
Meeting. 

Committee composition
The members of the Audit & Risk Committee 
are Keith Lough as Chairman, Tim Bushell, 
Alison Baker and John Summers. Alison Baker 
was appointed to the Audit & Risk Committee 
in September 2018. The Board considers all the 
members of the Committee to be independent and 
is satisfied that the Committee membership has 
sufficient recent and relevant financial experience. 

Alison Baker will replace Keith Lough as Chairman 
of the Audit & Risk Committee with effect from the 
date of the 2019 Annual General Meeting.

The Company Secretary acts as secretary of the 
committee.

Meetings 
The Audit & Risk Committee met twice during 
the year and informal discussions were also held 
both with and without management present. The 
external auditor met and had discussions with the 
Chairman of the committee during the course of 
the year. The external auditors also met with the 
committee without management present. 

Only members of the committee have the right 
to attend the meetings of the committee but 
the committee can request the Chairman of the 
Board, Executive Directors, members of senior 
management and the external auditors to attend 
its meetings. 

Following each meeting, the Chairman of the 
committee reports formally to the Board on the 
main matters discussed by the committee. 

Details of the meetings attended during the 
financial year were as follows:

Director 
Keith Lough – Chairman  
Tim Bushell  
John Summers  
Alison Baker (appointed 
18 September 2018) 
S MacDonald  
D McManus 

Audit & Risk Committee 
meetings attended
2/2
2/2
2/2

0* 

†2
†2

1*
2

Former Director
John Martin (resigned 18 May 2018)  
Total meetings during year 

† Invitee
*  There were no committee meetings held after Alison Baker’s appointment 
and John Martin resigned as a director prior to the September committee 
meeting 

Role 
The core terms of reference of the Audit & Risk 
Committee include reviewing and reporting to the 
Board on matters relating to: 

> the audit plans of the external auditor; 
> the Group’s overall framework for financial 

reporting and internal controls; 

> the Group’s overall framework for risk 

management; 

> the accounting policies and practices of the 

Group; and 

> the annual and periodic financial reporting 

carried out by the Group. 

The committee is responsible for notifying 
the Board of any significant concerns that the 
external auditor may have arising from their 
audit work, any matters which may materially 
affect or impair the independence of the external 
auditor, any significant deficiencies or material 
weaknesses in the design or operation of the 
Group’s internal controls and any serious issues of 
non-compliance. No such concerns were identified 
during the financial period. 

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

35

 
Governance Report

Rockhopper Exploration plc

The Audit & Risk Committee’s terms of reference 
are available on the Company’s website and on 
request from the Company Secretary. 

Key matters considered by the committee 
During the year, the issues considered by the 
committee included: 

External auditors
The committee recommends to the Board the 
appointment of the external auditor, subject to 
the approval of the Company’s shareholders at 
a general meeting. Shareholders in a general 
meeting authorise the Directors to fix the 
remuneration of the external auditor. 

> Group financial disclosures and accounting 
matters including impairment and going 
concern; 

> reports of the external auditor concerning its 

audit and review of the financial statements of 
the Group and the status of follow-up actions 
with management; 

> external auditor’s audit fees;
> effectiveness of the Group’s system of internal 

controls and risk management and the systems 
and processes that management has developed 
pertaining to risk identification, classification 
and mitigation including disaster recovery; 
> outcome and recommendations of the external 
review of internal financial controls including 
the creation of a Financial and Accounting 
Procedures manual; 

> corporate governance practice and disclosure;
> implementation of the General Data Protection 

Regulation 2016/679;

> tender process for the provision of audit services 

to the Group;

> whistleblowing procedures and shareholder 

concerns.

Going concern
As part of the year end reporting process, 
management prepares a detailed report including 
detailed cashflow forecasts with a number of 
potential scenarios and sensitivity assumptions. 
The committee reviews and challenges 
management’s assumptions and conclusions in 
order that it can provide comfort to the Board that 
management’s assessment has been challenged 
and is supported and that it is appropriate to 
prepare the financial statements on a going 
concern basis. Further details of the going concern 
assessment process are contained in Note 1 of the 
Group financial statements on page 59.

The committee is responsible for the approval of 
the provision of all audit services and permitted 
non-audit services undertaken by the external 
auditor. In general, the external auditor will only 
be used for audit, audit related and tax compliance 
services. The policy on the provision of non-audit 
services requires that the committee considers 
each piece of work on a case by case basis. The 
only non-audit services provided during the period 
were in relation to tax compliance and review of 
the half yearly report. The status of all services 
provided by the external auditor are monitored 
and the committee is satisfied that there were 
no conflicts during the financial period. The 
committee was satisfied throughout the financial 
period that the objectivity and independence of the 
external auditor were not in any way impaired by 
the nature of the non-audit work undertaken, the 
level of non-audit fees charged for such work or 
any other factors. 

Audit & Risk Committee performance 
The Chairman of the committee and Company 
Secretary undertake an annual review of the 
committee’s performance and effectiveness 
with reference to the Financial Reporting 
Council’s guidance to listed companies on the 
composition, role and responsibilities of the audit 
committee. The key conclusions are discussed by 
the committee and follow up action is agreed if 
necessary. 

Since the year end, the performance review has 
been completed. The committee concluded that, 
having considered the size and complexity of 
the business, the terms of reference continued 
to be appropriate and that the committee was 
performancing effectively.

36

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

Rockhopper Exploration plc 

Governance Report

Whistleblowing and Anti-Bribery
The Company has in place a whistleblowing policy 
and procedure which encourages staff to raise in 
confidence any concerns about business practices. 

The Company is committed to conducting all of 
its business dealings in a responsible, honest 
and ethical manner. All employees, directors 
and consultants are required to have regard to 
the Company’s Code of Business Conduct and 
Corporate Social Responsibility in their day to day 
business behaviour. The Company also has in place 
Anti-Bribery and Corruption Policy and Procedures 
which are kept under review and communicated 
to staff who have joined since the initial training 
session. 

The Chairman of the committee is the contact for 
shareholders, employees, consultants, contractors 
or anyone with concerns which they believe have 
not been adequately addressed by the Chairman 
or Chief Executive Officer and contact details are 
given on the Company’s website. 

Keith Lough
Audit & Risk Committee Chairman

1 April 2019

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

37

Governance Report

Rockhopper Exploration plc

Nomination Committee Chairman’s report

Introduction by the Nomination Committee 
Chairman, David McManus
I am pleased to present the report of the 
Nomination Committee for the year ended 
31 December 2018 which includes details of the 
committee’s activities during the financial year. 

I will be stepping down as Chairman of the Board 
at the 2019 Annual General Meeting having served 
nearly nine years on the Board, three of those as 
Chairman. I will be succeeded by Keith Lough who 
will also become Chairman of the Nomination 
Committee. 

Committee composition
The committee is chaired by the Chairman of the 
Board with all the Non-Executive Directors as 
its members. The Board considers all the Non-
Executive Directors to be independent. 

The Company Secretary acts as secretary of the 
committee.

Meetings 
The committee met twice during the year and 
informal discussions were also held. Only members 
of the committee have the right to attend the 
meetings of the committee but the committee can 
request the attendance of the Chief Executive Officer. 

Details of the meetings attended during the 
financial year were as follows:

Board based on the merits of the candidates and 
the relevance of their background and experience, 
measured against objective criteria, with care 
taken to ensure that appointees have enough time 
to devote to the job. 

Key matters considered by the committee 
The issues considered by the committee during  
the financial year included: 

> Board and Board Committees structure and 

composition 

> proposed external directorships of the Non-

Executive Directors

> confirmation of the extension of the tenure of 
Keith Lough and John Summers for a further 
three year term 

> proposed appointment of Alison Baker as a 

Non-Executive Director

> Board succession with regard to length of 

tenure and good corporate governance practice.

Succession planning 
The Company is committed to appointing, retaining 
and developing an experienced team which can 
effectively manage the Company’s objectives and 
deliver its strategy. When considering succession 
planning, the committee evaluates the balance 
of skills and experience on the Board and makes 
recommendations to the Board on the basis of 
what the Company needs to support delivery of the 
agreed strategic objectives. 

Director 
David McManus – Chairman  
Keith Lough 
Tim Bushell  
John Summers  
Alison Baker (appointed 18 September 2018) 

Nomination Committee 
meetings attended
2/2
2/2
2/2
2/2
0*

The committee also recognises the need for 
progressive refreshing of the Board and the 
benefits of diversity and the committee has regard 
to these factors when considering succession 
planning. The committee is committed to 
recruiting on merit measured against objective 
criteria. 

Former Director
John Martin (resigned 18 May 2018)  
Total meetings during year 

1*
2

*  There were no committee meetings held after Alison Baker’s appointment 
and John Martin resigned as a director prior to the September committee 
meeting. 

Role 
The role of the committee is to consider Board 
member succession, review the structure and 
composition of the Board and its Committees 
and identify and make recommendations for any 
changes to the Board. Any decisions relating to the 
appointment of Directors are made by the entire 

There is an emergency succession plan in 
place to cover any unexpected unavailability or 
departure of the Executive Directors or members 
of senior management. The management of 
human resources across the Group is a matter 
for executive management but the Non-Executive 
Directors are advised in advance of recruitment 
plans in respect of senior appointments. 

David McManus 
Nomination Committee Chairman

1 April 2019

38

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

 
Rockhopper Exploration plc 

Governance Report

Remuneration report

Annual statement
Dear Shareholder

On behalf of the Board, I am pleased to present 
the Directors’ Remuneration Report (‘Report’) for 
the year ended 31 December 2018 which has been 
prepared largely in compliance with the requirements 
of Schedule 8 of the Large and Medium-sized 
Companies and Group Regulations 2013.

Remuneration Policy and practices are kept under 
review to ensure that they remain appropriate for the 
Company as it develops and will consider whether it 
would be appropriate to seek external advice on the 
Remuneration Policy and structure of remuneration 
packages.

On behalf of the Board I would like to thank 
shareholders for their continuing support. 

The Report is divided into two sections:

Yours sincerely

> The Policy report which sets out the current 

Remuneration Policy

> The Annual Report on Remuneration which sets 
out details of the operation of the Remuneration 
Committee and details of the Directors’ 
remuneration packages for the year ended 
31 December 2018. It also sets out details of 
the implementation of the Executive Director 
Remuneration Policy for the year ending  
31 December 2019 .

During 2018, the Company agreed to adopt the 
QCA code as its corporate governance code. 
The Committee has reviewed the Company’s 
Remuneration Policy and practices against the 
principles of the QCA Code and has concluded that 
they support the delivery of the Company’s strategy 
but do not encourage any unnecessary risk taking 
by management. The Committee aims to ensure 
that remuneration is linked to the performance 
of the Company. The bonus scheme is based on 
the Company’s KPIs and the Long Term Incentive 
Plan, which is based on total shareholder return 
measured against an appropriate peer group of 
companies, ensures that management is aligned 
with shareholders in respect of the share incentive 
element of their remuneration packages. The 
Committee is satisfied that the outcomes, in respect 
of the incentives and remuneration during the 
financial year under review, are appropriate.

The Committee has agreed some changes to the 
executive directors’ bonus scheme for 2019 so that 
individual targets will be introduced for the executive 
directors in addition to the corporate targets and the 
executive team will no longer be treated as a team 
in respect of objective setting and bonus awards. 
No other substantial changes are proposed to the 
Remuneration Policy which is laid out on the following 
pages. The Committee will ensure that the Company’s 

Tim Bushell 
Chairman of the Remuneration Committee

1 April 2019

Remuneration policy
This part of the Report sets out the remuneration 
policy for the Company. The policy for the Executive 
Directors is determined by the Committee and the 
Committee approves any adjustments to salary 
and bonus awards. The Committee also sets the 
parameters for the remuneration packages of senior 
and support staff including the Company Secretary. 
Authority is delegated to the Chief Executive Officer 
to implement salary adjustments and make bonus 
awards for staff within the agreed parameters. The 
proposals of the Chief Executive Officer in this regard 
are reviewed by the Chairman of the Committee to 
ensure that they are in line with the parameters set 
down by the Committee. The Committee decides on 
all awards under the Company’s Long Term Incentive 
Plan (‘LTIP’) and approves the operation of the 
Company’s Share Incentive Plan (‘SIP’). 

The aim of the Committee is to ensure that the 
remuneration packages are sufficiently competitive to 
attract, retain and motivate individuals of the quality 
required to achieve the objectives of the Group and 
thereby enhance shareholder value. The Committee 
also aims to ensure that all employees receive 
rewards that fairly reflect their seniority, level of work 
and contribution to the Company. 

Executive Director Policy
The summary of the remuneration policy for the 
Executive Directors is set out below. Full details of the 
remuneration packages are given in the Report on 
Remuneration:

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

39

Governance Report

Salary

Rockhopper Exploration plc

Purpose and link to strategy  >  To provide an appropriate salary level to support retention and recruitment of Executive 

Directors and ensure that Executive Directors are appropriately rewarded in relation to their role 
and responsibilities

Operation 

>  Base salaries are reviewed annually on 1 January with regard to average industry increases, 

each Executive Director’s role and responsibilities and salary adjustments across the Company

Opportunity 

>  Salary increases will be awarded taking into account the outcome of the review and relative 

salary differentials across the executive team

>  Salary increases will usually be in line with increases awarded to other employees but the 
Committee may make additional adjustments where there has been a change in role or 
responsibilities or to reflect a gap in market positioning

Performance metrics  

>  Not applicable for base salaries

Benefits

Purpose and link to strategy   >  To provide a competitive and comprehensive range of benefits to assist in the attracting and retaining the 

calibre of Executive Directors required for delivery of corporate and strategic objectives

Operation  

>  The benefits package for Executive Directors includes private medical insurance, critical illness, 
income protection and life assurance cover. Benefits are administered internally and a review 
of providers and prices is conducted every two years to ensure that the level of rates and cover 
remains competitive

>  Executive Directors also receive a travel allowance

Opportunity  

>  The benefits package is set at a level that the Committee considers is appropriate for the 

Company’s size 

>  The value of benefits will vary each year according to the cost of provision

Performance metrics 

>  Not applicable for benefits package

Pension

Purpose and link to strategy   >  To provide an appropriate level of pension contribution for Executive Directors whilst minimising 

the administrative burden for the Company 

Operation  

>  Contributions are made to a private or the Group personal pension plan. Since April 2017, 

contributions have been made up to the maximum Annual Allowance of £10,000 with the excess 
contribution paid by way of a pension cash allowance which is subject to deductions for tax and 
national insurance

Opportunity  

>  An annual contribution equal to 15% of salary 

Performance metrics 

>  Not applicable for pension contributions

Annual bonus

Purpose and link to strategy   >  To reward the achievement of annual and individual corporate targets

Operation  

Opportunity  

>  Objectives are set as early as possible in the financial year
>  The bonuses are paid in cash after the end of the financial year to which they relate

>   The annual bonus award is determined as a percentage of base salary based on performance 
against pre agreed objectives. When deciding on the level of bonus awards, the Committee will 
have regard to the extent to which achievement of the objectives has contributed to progress 
against the Company’s strategic drivers

>   The bonus is non-contractual and is discretionary. Bonus payments will only exceed 50% of base 
salary in circumstances of exceptional strategic progress. Exceptional bonus payments may be 
in the form of shares and/or cash at the Committee’s discretion  

>   A one-off bonus of between 100% and 200% of salary will be payable at the point of project 

sanction on the Sea Lion Development with the exact quantum at the Committee’s discretion

Performance metrics  

>  The targets for the Executive Directors comprise the corporate, strategic and financial objectives 

agreed by the Board. Individual objectives are also set for each Executive Director

>  The Committee uses its judgement to decide the extent to which the objectives have been achieved 

and will have regard to overall Company performance when agreeing the bonus payments
>  The Committee considers whether operations have been completed to acceptable HSE 

standards and considers whether there were any HSE incidents when considering the level  
of bonus payments

40

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rockhopper Exploration plc 

Governance Report

Long Term Incentive Plan (LTIP)

Purpose and link to strategy  >  To support alignment with shareholders through the use of Total Shareholder Return 

Operation  

(‘TSR’) measured against a peer group as the performance target for awards under the 
LTIP

>  The LTIP was approved by shareholders in 2013
>  The Committee makes annual awards of nil cost options which vest on a sliding scale 

after the end of the performance period subject to the extent that the performance targets 
attached to the awards have been achieved

>  Awards will usually be granted within a period of 42 days from the release of the annual 
financial results and will be calculated using the market value of the shares at the date  
of grant

>  The LTIP performance period is currently set at three years and the commencement date 

of the performance period is at the discretion of the Committee 

>  Malus provisions exist so that the awards may be reduced or further conditions imposed 

in the case of financial misstatement, the misleading of shareholders or management/the 
Board regarding technical or financial performance, serious misconduct or conduct that 
results in a serious loss to the Company 

>  The Committee has discretion to amend the size and constitution of the peer group to 

ensure that it remains an appropriate comparator group and to reflect any corporate deals

>  The Company has an employee benefit trust which can purchase shares in the market 
and/or subscribe for shares to satisfy the exercise/vesting of awards under the LTIP

Opportunity  

>  The maximum annual award is 200% of salary

Performance metrics 

>  Performance measurement will be TSR measured against a peer group based on an 
average price over a 90 day dealing period to be agreed by the Committee measured 
against the average 90 day dealing period up to the end of the performance period
>  The percentage of awards that can vest is determined by the Committee at the time that 
the awards are made. Awards currently vest on a sliding scale from 35% up to 100% for 
performance between the median and highest performing stock. No awards will vest for 
performance below the median. 

>  The Committee has discretion to scale back the percentage of awards that will vest if it 
considers that this is appropriate having regard to underlying Company performance

Share Incentive Plan (SIP)

Purpose and link to strategy  >  To encourage share ownership in Rockhopper 

Operation  

Opportunity  

>  A tax-advantaged scheme under which employees (including Executive Directors) can elect 
to make contributions from gross salary for the purchase of Rockhopper shares which are 
then matched by the Company at a ratio agreed by the Committee at the beginning of each 
tax year. The Committee can also decide to make an award of ‘free’ shares up to legislative 
limits in any one tax year. The shares need to be held for a term of five years to obtain the 
full taxable benefit of the SIP. There is a qualification period of three months from joining 
before employees are eligible to participate 

>  Since the implementation of the SIP the Committee has approved its operation up to the 
maximum permissible limits so that employees receive two ‘matching’ shares for each 
‘partnership’ share purchased and an annual award of free shares at or below HMRC 
limits. Directors and senior employees have on occasion been precluded from participating 
where the Company has been in a close period at the time of the awards

Performance metrics  

>  Not applicable for the SIP

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

41

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Governance Report

Rockhopper Exploration plc

Further details on the policy
Performance measurement
Annual bonus – the annual bonus is based on a range of corporate and individual objectives that the Board have agreed are key 
to progressing and delivering the Company’s strategy. These can be operational, strategic and financial. Performance targets are 
designed to be stretching but achievable having regard to the Company’s strategic priorities and external factors such as the activities 
of joint venture partners and the economic environment. 

LTIP – the LTIP ensures alignment with shareholders being based on relative Total Shareholder Return measured against a peer 
group of other oil and gas companies comprising FTSE 250, larger AIM oil and gas and Falkland Island oil and gas companies. The 
Committee has determined that the minimum number of companies in the peer group will be nine. The size of the peer group has 
been increased in recent years to reduce the impact of corporate activity on the size and structure of the peer group. The Committee 
will also have regard to the underlying performance of the Company when confirming the vesting of LTIP awards to ensure that the 
impact of external factors is taken into consideration where appropriate. 

Remuneration policy for other employees and consultation
The Company’s policy for all employees is to provide remuneration packages that reward them fairly for their contribution  
and role within the Company. 

All employees are entitled to receive the full range of Company benefits but with different qualifying periods and levels of cover 
depending on seniority. All employees are eligible to receive an annual bonus based on performance against individual targets which 
are cascaded down from the corporate targets. The maximum level of bonus is currently 50% of salary although in exceptional 
circumstances a higher bonus award may be made.

All employees are eligible to participate in the SIP. The Committee has stated that the LTIP will be used for Executive Directors and 
senior staff. This ensures that an element of remuneration is deliverable through a scheme that aligns participants with shareholders. 

The Company does not consult with employees on the effectiveness and appropriateness of the policy but, in considering individual 
salary increases, the Committee does have regard to salary increases across the Company. 

Recruitment 
In the case of recruiting a new Executive Director, the Committee can use all the existing components of remuneration  
as set out in the policy table. 

The salary of a new appointee will be determined by reference to the experience and skills of the individual, market data, internal 
relativities and the candidate’s current remuneration. New appointees may be entitled to receive the full range of Company benefits 
on joining and, if the Committee considers it appropriate, a relocation allowance and an annual contribution of up to 15% of base 
salary to the Group personal pension plan. The new appointee will also be eligible to participate in the Company’s SIP after a 
qualifying period. 

In relation to any elements of variable pay, the Committee will take the following approach:

Component 

Approach 

Maximum annual opportunity 

Annual Bonus 

LTIP 

>  The annual bonus would operate as outlined in the Policy for existing 
Executive Directors. The relevant maximum will be pro-rated to 
reflect the period of employment over the year. Consideration will be 
given to the appropriate performance targets at the time of joining

  50% of base salary in respect of 

the current financial year except in 
circumstances of exceptional strategic 
progress

>  The LTIP would operate as outlined in the policy for existing 
Directors. An award may be granted on joining subject to the 
Company being in an open dealing period. The Committee 
would retain discretion to decide on the scale, performance 
period and performance targets attaching to any award.

  200% of base salary in any financial year 

42

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

Rockhopper Exploration plc 

Governance Report

In the case of an external hire, the Committee may deem it appropriate to ‘buy-out’ incentive or benefit arrangements which the 
new appointee would have to forfeit on leaving their previous employer. The Committee would consider the potential value of the 
arrangement being forfeited and wherever possible would use the existing components of the Company’s remuneration structure to 
compensate the incoming director. The value of any buy-out arrangements would be capped at no higher, on recruitment, than the 
awards or benefits which the individual forfeited on leaving their previous employer. In the case of an internal hire, the new appointee 
may retain awards made to him/her under arrangements entered into prior to appointment to the Board even if such awards are not 
within the Directors’ Remuneration Policy as outlined in the policy table.

Service contracts, exit payments and change of control provisions 
The Executive Directors have rolling term service agreements with the Company. Details of the Directors’ service contracts and 
appointment dates are as follows:

Executive Directors 
S J Moody 
S MacDonald 

Appointment date 
21 February 2005 
10 March 2014 

Original contract 
8 August 2005 
27 March 2014 

Revised contract
8 March 2011
—

The Directors’ service contracts are available to view at the Company’s registered office and prior to each Annual General Meeting at 
the venue for the meeting. 

The notice period for the Executive Directors is 12 months’ notice in writing by either party. The Company has the right to make a 
payment in lieu of notice of 12 months’ salary plus the fair value of any benefits. There is no entitlement to payment for any accrued 
holiday where a payment in lieu of notice is made. The Committee will consider termination payments on a case-by-case basis. It 
will consider the terms of the Director’s contract and the circumstances of the termination and might consider making an ex gratia 
payment where the circumstances and/or a Director’s contribution to the Company justifies this. If an ex gratia payment is to be 
made, the Committee will ensure that it is satisfied that it is in the best interests of the Company to make such a payment and that 
there is no “reward for failure”.

The Committee also has discretion to settle any other amounts which it considers are reasonably due to the Director such as where 
the parties agree to enter into a settlement agreement and the individual is required to seek independent legal advice. The Committee 
can approve new contractual arrangements with a departing Director covering matters such as confidentiality or restrictive covenants 
and/or consultancy arrangements where it believes this is in the best interests of the Company.

Treatment of incentives for leavers
In relation to annual bonuses, a bonus payment will not usually be made if the Director is under notice at the bonus payment date 
or has already left. In the event of a change of control, the Committee retains the right to declare a bonus in respect of the part of the 
year worked prior to the change of control becoming effective.

In relation to awards granted under the LTIP, awards will generally lapse on the date of cessation of employment except in certain 
‘good leaver’ circumstances which are generally defined as retirement, ill-health, disability, death, redundancy, transfer or sale of 
the employing company or any other circumstances at the discretion of the Committee. In these circumstances, any unvested award 
will usually continue and vest on the normal vesting date. The Committee will decide the extent to which the unvested award will 
vest taking into account (i) the period of time that has elapsed since the start of the performance period and (ii) the extent to which 
any performance target is satisfied at the date the director ceases to be employed by the Company. Final treatment is subject to the 
Committee’s discretion.

In relation to share appreciation rights (SARs) granted under the Company’s Employee Share Option Scheme, SARs will lapse on 
the date of cessation of employment except in certain ‘good leaver’ circumstances which are generally defined as retirement, ill-
health, disability, death, redundancy, transfer or sale of the employing company or any other circumstances at the discretion of the 
Committee. In the case of death, SARs shall be exercisable immediately for a period of one year from the date of death. In other good 
leaver circumstances, SARs will be exercisable for a period of six months from the date of cessation. Where the Committee exercises 
its discretion to allow a leaver to be a good leaver, the Committee may also determine both the proportion of the SAR award that may 
be exercised and the period during which the SARs can be exercised. 

In the event of termination of employment or a change of control, shares held under the SIP will be dealt with in accordance with the 
SIP rules. The Committee does not have any discretion in relation to the operation of the SIP.

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

43

Governance Report

Rockhopper Exploration plc

Non-Executive Director Remuneration Policy
The Company’s Articles of Association provide that the Board can determine the level of fees to be paid to the Non-Executive Directors 
within limits set by the shareholders. This is currently set at an aggregate of £500,000 per annum. The policy for the Chairman and 
Non-Executive Directors is as follows:

Fees

Purpose and link to strategy  

>  To provide a competitive level of fee which will attract and retain high calibre Directors with 

the range of skills and experience required to support the Executive Directors and assist the 
Company in delivering its objectives

Operation 

>  The fees for the Chairman and Non-Executive Directors are determined by the Board  

as a whole with Directors absenting from discussions regarding their own remuneration

>  The Board has regard to level of fees paid to the Non-Executive Directors of other similar sized 

companies and the time commitment and responsibilities of the role

>  Neither the Chairman nor the Non-Executive Directors participate in any of the Company’s 

share schemes

Opportunity  

>  The current annual fees are: 

>  Chairman: £115,000 

>  Non-Executive Director basic fee: £40,000

>  Committee Chairmanship: £10,000 

>  Senior Independent Director: £2,500

>  The fee levels will be reviewed on a periodic basis with reference to the time commitment of 

the role and fee levels in comparative companies 

No benefits or other remuneration are provided 

Performance metrics 

>  Not applicable to Non-Executive Directors 

Recruitment
The Committee will follow the Non-Executive Director Remuneration Policy as set out above in relation to the appointment of a new 
Non-Executive Director.

Terms of appointment 
The Non-Executive Directors do not have service contracts but are appointed for terms of three years. The appointment can be 
terminated at any time by either party giving one month’s notice to the other. Details of appointment are set out below:

Director 

David McManus 

Keith Lough 
John Summers 
Tim Bushell 
Alison Baker  

Appointment date  

Original engagement letter 

Revised engagement letter 

30 September 2010  30 November 2010 

14 January 2014 
1 February 2014 
18 January 2016 

14 January 2014 
3 February 2014 
18 January 2016 
18 September 2018  18 September 2018 

29 October 2013
8 July 2016
1 February 2017
1 February 2017
18 January 2019
 —

Directors are subject to annual re-election by shareholders at the Annual General Meeting and each Director is subject to election by 
shareholders at the first Annual General Meeting following their appointment. The Non-Executive Directors’ letters of appointment 
are available to view at the Company’s registered office and prior to each Annual General Meeting at the venue for the meeting.

44

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rockhopper Exploration plc 

Governance Report

Report on Remuneration
Remuneration Committee membership and meetings
As at 31 December 2018, the Committee comprised the Committee Chairman and three independent Non-Executive Directors. The 
Committee met three times during the financial period and the 2018 LTIP awards were dealt with by way of written resolutions of the 
Committee. 

The members of the Committee during the year and as at the year end and their attendance are summarised below:

Committee member  

TP Bushell (Committee Chairman) 
KG Lough 
JE Martin (resigned 18 May 2018) 
AJ Summers  
AC Baker (appointed 18 September 2018) 

Meeting attendance

3/3
3/3
3/3 
3/3
0*

*  There were no committee meetings held after Alison Baker’s appointment

During the financial year, the Committee’s main areas of activity included:

>  Confirming the staff salary adjustments for 2018 and bonus awards for the year ended 31 December 2017. 
>  Setting the targets for the bonus scheme for the forthcoming financial year.
>  Reviewing the Company’s remuneration policy. 
>  Approving the Directors’ Remuneration Report for the year ended 31 December 2017.
>  Approving the 2018 LTIP awards and reviewing the constitution of the peer group.
>  Approving the annual implementation of the SIP.
>  Reviewing the administration and governance of the Group personal pension plan.
>  Approving the introduction of a staff appraisal system.

The Company Secretary acted as secretary to the Committee and provided advice in relation to the operation and implementation of 
incentive schemes and remuneration packages. The Chairman of the Board attended Committee meetings by invitation.

No individual is involved in determining his or her own remuneration.

External advice
The Company Secretary is the principal source of advice on employment matters, remuneration policy and practice and share 
scheme administration for the Committee. However, from time to time, the Committee obtains external legal advice from Osborne 
Clarke in relation to employment matters and the operation of the share schemes. The Committee considers that the advice it 
received during the financial period was objective and independent.

Total Remuneration
The table below reports a single figure for total remuneration for each Executive Director: 

Salary 
£’000 

Taxable benefits 
£’000 

Annual bonus 
£’000 

Long-term  
Incentives 
£’000 

Pension/pension 
cash allowance  
£’000 

SIP awards 
£’000 

Total 
£’000

Year 
ended 
31 Dec 
2018 

Year 
ended 
31 Dec 
2017 

Year 
ended 
31 Dec  
2018 

Year 
ended 
31 Dec 
2017 

Year 
ended 
31 Dec 
2018 

Year 
ended 
31 Dec  
2017 

Year 
ended 
31 Dec  
2018 

Year 
ended 
31 Dec  
2017 

Year 
ended 
31 Dec  
2018 

Year 
ended 
31 Dec 
2017(ii) 

Year 
ended 
31 Dec 
2018 

Year 
ended 
31 Dec 
2017 

Year 
ended 
31 Dec 
2018 

Year 
ended 
31 Dec 
2017

373.0  362.1  11.2  10.9 
9.6 
305.9  297.0 
6.2 

9.7 
—  201.3  — 

93.0  108.6  — 
89.1  — 
93.0 
—  — 
— 

6.6 
—   55.9  36.5 
—   45.9  29.7 
6.6 
—   —  12.2  — 

6.6  539.7  524.7
6.6  461.1  432.0
4.8  —  224.5

S J Moody 
S MacDonald 
FM MacAulay (i) 

(i)  F MacAulay left the Company on 4 July 2017
(ii) Represents pension contributions/pension cash allowance paid in 2017 for the period from 1 April 2017 to 31 December 2017

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

45

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Governance Report

Rockhopper Exploration plc

The table below reports a single figure for total remuneration for each Non-Executive Director:

Base fee 
£’000 

Additional fees 
£’000 

Total
£’000 

Year ended 

Year ended 

Year ended 

Year ended 

Year ended 

Year ended 

31 December 

31 December 

31 December 

31 December 

31 December 

31 December 

2018 

2017 

115.0 
40.0 
40.0 
40.0 
20.0 
11.4 

115.0 
40.0 
40.0 
40.0 
40.0 
— 

2018 

— 
12.5 
— 
10.0 
— 
— 

2017 

— 
12.5 
— 
10.0 
— 
— 

2018 

2017

115.0 
52.5 
40.0 
50.0 
20.0 
11.4 

115.0
52.5
40.0
50.0
40.0
—

D McManus 
K G Lough 
A J Summers 
T P Bushell  
J E Martin (resigned 18 May 2018) 
A C Baker (appointed 18 September 2018) 

J E Martin resigned from the Board on 18 May 2018.

A C Baker was appointed as a Director on 18 September 2018.

No fees were paid to Non-Executive Directors for membership of a committee or for attending committee meetings. Additional 
fees were payable of £2,500 (2017: £2,500) for acting as Senior Independent Director and £10,000 as Chairman of the Audit and Risk 
Committee and Remuneration Committee. The Chairman of the Company does not receive any additional fees for chairing the 
Nomination Committee. 

Additional information in respect of single figure table of remuneration for the year ended 31 December 2018
Annual bonus
In respect of the financial period, the Committee agreed that the Executive Director annual bonus opportunity would be up to 50% of 
base salary. The following objectives and outcomes were agreed for the 2018 financial year: 

•  Preservation of the Company’s cash position/strengthening the balance sheet 

The year end target cash position had been exceeded and there had been a substantial reduction in the Group’s EGPC receivables 
position. A significant number of new venture opportunities had been reviewed in 2018 but none met the Company’s investment 
criteria. The Committee agreed that this objective had been partially achieved.

•  Making a commercial discovery in Egypt

Two commercial discoveries had been made in Egypt during the 2018 drilling campaign. The Committee agreed that this 
objective had been fully achieved.

The Committee recognised that the executive directors had performed well against the agreed objectives but, in the interests of 
alignment with shareholders, the Committee exercised its discretion to award lower bonus payments for 2018 than those calculated 
from the percentage achievement of the targets. The Committee therefore agreed that the following bonuses should be paid to each 
of the Executive Directors which reflected the relative contributions to achievement of the targets. 

Bonuses were paid in cash and were as follows:

Director 

SJ Moody 
S MacDonald 

Final Bonus as % of salary 

25% 
30% 

Cash £

93,000
93,000

46

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rockhopper Exploration plc 

Governance Report

LTIP awards granted during the financial year
The table below summarises the LTIP awards granted to Executive Directors during the financial year in accordance with the policy. 
The percentage of awards which will vest will be dependent on total shareholder return (‘TSR’) measured against a peer group of 15 
companies over a three year period.

Director 

SJ Moody 
S MacDonald  

Date of grant 

23 April 2018 
23 April 2018 

Share price 
at date of 
grant 

£0.255 
£0.255 

Number of options  
subject to TSR  
performance  
condition 
— see 1 below 

2,100,000  
1,900,000  

Exercise 
price 

— 
— 

Maximum  
number of shares  
that may vest 

2,100,000 
1,900,000 

Face value of  
maximum award*

£535,500
£484,500

*  The face value of the awards is calculated using the share price at the date of grant. The actual value of the awards to participants will be dependent on the percentage  

of the award that vests and the share price at the date of exercise.

The key features of the 2018 LTIP awards are as follows:

>  Awards are in the form of nil cost options.

>  Performance will be measured over the three year period to 31 March 2021.

>  Performance measurement is based on the average price over the 90 day dealing period to 31 March 2018 measured against the 

90 day dealing period up to 31 March 2021.

>  Performance is based on Total Shareholder Return (‘TSR’) measured against an original peer group of 15 other oil and gas 
companies comprising both FTSE 250, larger AIM oil and gas companies and Falkland Islands focussed companies being 
EnQuest PLC, Amerisur Resources plc, Providence Resources Plc, Faroe Petroleum plc, BowLeven plc, Borders & Southern 
Petroleum plc, Premier Oil plc, Hurricane Energy plc, Sound Energy plc, The Parkmead Group plc, IGas Energy plc, Gulf Keystone 
Petroleum Limited, Chariot Oil & Gas Limited, Ophir Energy plc and SDX Energy Inc. The Committee has discretion to amend the 
size and constitution of the peer group to ensure that it remains appropriate and to reflect corporate changes. 

>  Awards will vest on a sliding scale from 35% up to a maximum of 100% for performance in the top two quartiles with no awards 

vesting for performance in the bottom two quartiles.

Implementation of Executive Director Remuneration Policy for 2019
Base salaries
As part of the annual remuneration review, the Committee considered general economic conditions in the UK and had regard to 
current industry market practice in relation to salary adjustments. The Executive Directors’ base salaries were increased by 2%  
with effect from 1 January 2019. 

Annual bonus
For 2019, the Executive Director annual bonus will be determined as a percentage of base salary based on performance against pre 
agreed corporate and personal objectives. When deciding on the level of bonus awards, the Committee will have regard to the extent 
to which achievement of the objectives has contributed to progress against the Company’s strategic drivers. Bonus payments will only 
exceed 50% of base salary in circumstances of exceptional strategic progress. The Committee has the discretion to decide the form of 
any exceptional bonus payments which may be in shares and/or cash. 

 The Committee has agreed the following objectives for the financial year ending 31 December 2019:

>  Preservation of the Company’s cash position and strengthening of the Company’s balance sheet

>  Portfolio management including mergers, asset acquisitions and disposals to strengthen the Company’s balance sheet

The Committee previously agreed to remove progress towards the Final Investment Decision on the Sea Lion Development from the 
Executive Directors’ bonus targets. A one off special bonus of between 100% and 200% of salary will be payable at project sanction 
with the exact quantum of this bonus at the Committee’s discretion.

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

47

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Governance Report

Rockhopper Exploration plc

Long Term Incentive Plan
The Committee intends to grant LTIP awards in 2019 in line with the Policy. The Committee will consider the appropriate performance 
period and quantum at the time of the awards. It is intended that the performance condition will remain as TSR measured against a 
peer group. 

Benefits, pension contributions and share plans
The Executive Directors will receive the range of Company benefits, pension contribution and cash allowance and participation in the 
SIP in line with the policy. 

Implementation of Non-Executive Director remuneration policy for 2019
Non-Executive Director fees (excluding the Chairman) were last increased in 2014 and no further review is scheduled.  
The fees are set out in the table below:

Role 

Type of fee 

Chairman 
Other non-executive directors 

Total fee 
Basic fee 
Chairman of Remuneration and Audit & Risk Committees 
Senior Independent Director  

£115,000
£40,000
£10,000
£2,500

Statement of directors’ shareholdings 
The table below summarises the interests in shares (including those held in the SIP) of the directors in office at the year end:

Samuel Moody 
Stewart MacDonald 
David McManus 
Tim Bushell 
John Summers 
Keith Lough 
Alison Baker  

At 31 December 2018 
Ordinary 1p shares 

At 31 December 2017 
Ordinary 1p shares

2,363,640 
285,310 
498,952 
103,606 
244,100 
— 
— 

2,333,749
255,419
498,952
103,606
244,100
—
—

The Committee has agreed that the Executive Directors should be encouraged to build up a stake of Rockhopper shares equivalent to 
annual base salary in the case of S MacDonald and two times annual base salary in the case of S J Moody over a five year period. It is 
intended that this should be achieved through the retention of any vested LTIP awards and Share Appreciation Rights awarded under 
the Employee Share Option Scheme. 

Outstanding awards under the LTIP and Employee Share Option Scheme 
(a)  LTIP

(i)   Unvested LTIP Awards

Director 

S J Moody 

S MacDonald 

Date of 
grant 

13.04.15 
22.04.16 
16.06.17 
23.04.18 
13.04.15 
22.04.16 
16.06.17 
23.04.18 

Awards 
 held at  
31 Dec 2017 

855,354 
1,738,080 
1,900,000 
— 
701,575 
1,425,600 
1,800,000 
— 

Granted 

— 
— 
— 
2,100,000 
— 
— 
— 
1,900,000 

Lapsed/ 
relinquished 
during Year 

855,354 
— 
— 
— 
701,575 
— 
— 
— 

Awards  
held at  
31 Dec 2018 

Market price  
at date  
of award 

Vested 

Performance  
period 

Earliest 
vesting 
date

— 
— 
—  1,738,080 
—  1,900,000 
—  2,100,000 
— 
— 
—  1,425,600 
—  1,800,000 
—  1,900,000 

— 

— 

—
£0.3125  01.04.16-31.03.19  31.03.19
£0.2025  01.06.17-31.05.20  16.06.20
£0.2550  01.04.18-31.03.21  23.04.21
—
£0.3125  01.04.16-31.03.19  31.03.19
£0.2025  01.06.17-31.05.20  16.06.20
£0.2550  01.04.18-31.03.21  23.04.21

— 

— 

48

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rockhopper Exploration plc 

Governance Report

ii)   Vested LTIP Awards

Director 

SJ Moody 
S MacDonald 

Date of 
grant 

08.10.13 
10.03.14 

Vested 
Awards 
 held at  
31 Dec 2017 

177,802* 
70,391* 

Exercised 
during the 
year 

— 
— 

Vested
Awards
held at 
31 Dec 2018

177,802*
70,391*

* Exercise of the vested 2013 LTIP awards is subject to Rockhopper’s share price exceeding £1.80 averaged over any 90 dealing period ending no later than 31 March 2023.

(b)  Share options

As at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2018 there were no share options held by individuals who were directors during the 
year ended 31 December 2018. 

(c)  Share appreciation rights

The share appreciation rights outstanding as at 31 December 2018 and held by individuals who were Directors during the year 
ended 31 December 2018 are:

Director 

S J Moody 

Date of grant 

11.01.11 
17.01.12 
30.01.13 

Awards held at  
31 December 2017 

Exercised during  
the year 

Lapsed during 
 the year 

Awards held at  
31 December 2018 

Exercise price 
Pence

76,056 
77,777 
91,077 
244,910 

— 
— 
— 
— 

— 
— 
— 
— 

76,056 
77,777 
91,077 
244,910

372.75
303.75
159.00

Share price movements during year ended 31 December 2018 
The mid-market closing price of the Company’s shares as at 31 December 2018 was 21.10 pence (31 December 2017: 21.25 pence). 
The range of the trading price of the Company’s shares during the year was between 20.25 pence and 44.95 pence.

Executive director external appointments
S J Moody is a Non-Executive Director of Greenland Gas & Oil Limited for which he receives a fee. S MacDonald does not have any 
external directorships for which he is paid a fee. 

By order of the Board

T P Bushell 
Chairman of the Remuneration Committee

1 April 2019

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

49

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Governance Report

Rockhopper Exploration plc

Statutory information

Principal activity
The principal activity of the Group is the exploration 
and exploitation of its oil and gas acreage. Group 
strategy is to explore, appraise, develop and 
manage production from its acreage both safely 
and responsibly. 

Financial instruments
For the period under review the Group held 
no financial instruments, outside of cash and 
receivables. Financial risk management policies 
are disclosed in note 30. 

Results and dividends
The trading results for the year, and the Group’s 
financial position at the end of the period are 
shown in the attached financial statements. The 
Directors have not recommended a dividend for 
the year (year ended 31 December 2017: £nil).

Key performance indicators “KPIs”
See page 17 for more details.

Substantial shareholders
At 31 March 2019 the Company had been notified 
of the following interests of three percent or more 
of the Company’s voting rights.

Shareholder/Fund manager 

Number of 
shares 

% of issued  
share capital

Majedie Asset Management 
Hosking Partners 
Aedos Advisers 

34,723,166 
17,781,329 
17,545,290 

7.59
3.89
3.84

Directors 
The present members of the Board are as listed 
in the Board of Directors section. The interests of 
the Directors in office at the year end in the share 
capital of the Company are shown in the Directors’ 
Remuneration Report along with details of their 
service contracts and terms of appointment.

Post balance sheet events
There are no important events affecting the Group 
since the financial year end.

Principal risks and uncertainties
Information relating to the principal risks and 
uncertainties facing the Group is set out in the 
Strategic Report and note 30.

Related party transactions
Related party transactions are disclosed in note 29.

Political and charitable contributions
The Group made no charitable donations (year 
ended 31 December 2017: £nil) and no political 
donations (year ended 31 December 2017: £nil) 
during the year.

Creditor payment policy
The Group does not follow any specific code or 
standard on payment practice. However, it is 
the policy of the Group to ensure that all of its 
suppliers of goods and services are paid promptly 
and in accordance with contractual and legal 
obligations. Average creditor days for the year 
were 35 days (year ended 31 December 2017: 
43 days), on the basis of accounts payable as a 
percentage of amounts invoiced during the year.

Qualifying indemnity provisions
The Company has entered into separate indemnity 
deeds with each director containing qualifying 
indemnity provisions, as defined at section 236 
of the Companies Act 2006, under which the 
Company has agreed to indemnify them in respect 
of certain liabilities which may attach to them as 
a director or as a former director of the Company. 
At the date of this Directors’ Report indemnity 
deeds containing qualifying indemnity provisions 
are in force for all of the Company’s Directors. 
The Company has also issued an indemnity to 
Directors and the Company Secretary in respect of 
any personal liability to Falkland Islands tax by the 
Company or its subsidiaries.

Directors’ and Officers’ insurance
The Group maintained directors’ and officers’ liability 
insurance cover throughout the period. The Directors 
are also able to obtain independent legal advice at the 
expense of the Group, as necessary, in their capacity 
as Directors.

Employees
The Group had 19 employees at the year end, 
two of whom are Executive Directors. The Group 
seeks to employ people on the basis of merit and 
ability to perform the required roles. The Group 
does not discriminate on any grounds including 
race, gender, religion, age, nationality or sexual 
orientation.

50

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

 
Rockhopper Exploration plc 

Governance Report

Environment
The Group’s operations are, and will be, subject 
to environmental regulation (with regular 
environmental impact assessments and evaluation 
of operations required before any permits are 
granted to the Group) in the jurisdiction in which 
it operates. Although the Group intends to be in 
compliance with all applicable environmental laws 
and regulations, there are certain risks inherent to 
its activities, such as accidental spills, leakages or 
other circumstances, that could subject the Group 
to extensive liability. Further, the Group may fail 
to obtain the required approval from the relevant 
authorities necessary for it to undertake activities 
which are likely to impact the environment. The 
Group is unable to predict the effect of additional 
environmental laws and regulations which may 
be adopted in the future, including whether any 
such laws or regulations would materially increase 
the Group’s cost of doing business or affect its 
operations in any area.

Statement of Directors’ responsibilities in respect 
of the strategic report, the Directors’ report and 
the financial statements 
The Directors are responsible for preparing the 
Strategic Report, the Directors’ Report and the 
Group and Parent Company financial statements in 
accordance with applicable law and regulations. 

Company law requires the Directors to prepare 
Group and Parent Company financial statements 
for each financial year. As required by the AIM 
Rules of the London Stock Exchange they are 
required to prepare the Group financial statements 
in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the EU 
and applicable law and have elected to prepare 
the Parent Company financial statements in 
accordance with UK Accounting Standards and 
applicable law (UK Generally Accepted Accounting 
Practice), including FRS 101 Reduced Disclosure 
Framework.

Under company law the Directors must not 
approve the financial statements unless they are 
satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the 
state of affairs of the Group and Parent Company 
and of their profit or loss for that period. In 
preparing each of the Group and Parent Company 
financial statements, the Directors are required to: 

>  select suitable accounting policies and then 

apply them consistently; 

>  make judgements and estimates that are 

reasonable and prudent; 

>  for the Group financial statements, state 

whether they have been prepared in accordance 
with IFRSs as adopted by the EU; 

>  for the Parent Company financial statements, 

state whether applicable UK Accounting 
Standards have been followed, subject to any 
material departures disclosed and explained in 
the financial statements; 

>  assess the Group and Parent Company’s ability 
to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as 
applicable, matters related to going concern; 
and

>  use the going concern basis of accounting 

unless they either intend to liquidate the Group 
or the Parent Company or to cease operations, 
or have no realistic alternative but to do so.

The Directors are responsible for keeping adequate 
accounting records that are sufficient to show and 
explain the Parent Company’s transactions and 
disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time 
the financial position of the Parent Company and 
enable them to ensure that its financial statements 
comply with the Companies Act 2006. They have 
general responsibility for taking such steps as are 
reasonably open to them to safeguard the assets 
of the Group and to prevent and detect fraud and 
other irregularities. 

Under applicable law and regulations, the 
Directors are also responsible for preparing a 
Strategic Report and a Directors’ Report that 
complies with that law and those regulations.

The Directors are responsible for the maintenance 
and integrity of the corporate and financial 
information included on the Company’s website. 
Legislation in the UK governing the preparation 
and dissemination of financial statements may 
differ from legislation in other jurisdictions.

Jan Davies 
Company Secretary

1 April 2019

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

51

Governance Report

Rockhopper Exploration plc

Independent auditor’s report  
to the members of Rockhopper Exploration plc

1. Our opinion is unmodified 
We have audited the financial statements of 
Rockhopper Exploration plc (“the Company”) for 
the year ended 31 December 2018 which comprise 
the Group Income statement, the Group Statement 
of Comprehensive Income, the Group and Parent 
Company Balance Sheet, the Group and Parent 
Company Cash Flow Statements, the Group and 
Parent Company Statements of Changes in Equity, 
and the related notes, including the accounting 
policies in note 1. 

In our opinion: 
>  the financial statements give a true and fair 

view of the state of the Group’s and of the parent 
Company’s affairs as at 31 December 2018 and of 
the Group’s loss for the year then ended; 

>   the group financial statements have been properly 
prepared in accordance with International Financial 
Reporting Standards as adopted by the European 
Union (IFRSs as adopted by the EU); 

>  the parent Company financial statements have 
been properly prepared in accordance with UK 
accounting standards, including FRS 101 Reduced 
Disclosure Framework; and 

>  the financial statements have been prepared 
in accordance with the requirements of the 
Companies Act 2006. 

Basis for opinion 
We conducted our audit in accordance with 
International Standards on Auditing (UK) (“ISAs (UK)”) 
and applicable law. Our responsibilities are described 
below. We have fulfilled our ethical responsibilities 
under, and are independent of the Group in 
accordance with, UK ethical requirements including 
the FRC Ethical Standard as applied to listed entities. 
We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is 
a sufficient and appropriate basis for our opinion. 

2.  Key audit matters: our assessment of risks  

of material misstatement 

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our 
professional judgment, were of most significance 
in the audit of the financial statements and include 
the most significant assessed risks of material 
misstatement (whether or not due to fraud) 
identified by us, including those which had the 
greatest effect on: the overall audit strategy; the 
allocation of resources in the audit; and directing the 
efforts of the engagement team. These matters were 
addressed in the context of our audit of the financial 
statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion 
thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on 
these matters. In arriving at our audit opinion above, 
the key audit matters were as follows (unchanged 
from 2017): 

The risk 

Our response

Our procedures included:
>  Impairment triggers: We assessed the directors’ 

judgments in considering if any impairment 
indicators were present by considering whether the 
appropriate business developments during the year 
were incorporated in that analysis; 

>  Assessing license extension prospects: We 

assessed whether it is likely that conversion will be 
granted for licenses in the Falkland Islands area. 
We inquired about the stages of negotiations with 
UK Export Finance and other creditors to determine 
expected timeline of securing financing necessary 
for development of the oilfields in the area and read 
available correspondence with these parties. 

Recoverability of exploration 
and evalution assets/
Recoverability of Parent 
company’s investment in 
subsidiaries and receivables 
due from group companies
Exploration and evaluation 
assets: $447.0m  
(2017: $432.1m)

Refer to page 60  
(accounting policy) and  
page 72 (financial disclosures)

Investment in subsidiaries: 
$93.6m (2017: $93.6m)

Loans due from group 
companies: $438.7m  
(2017: $412.2m)

Refer to page 82 (accounting policy) 
and pages 84 and 85 (financial 
disclosures)

Forecast-based valuation
Uncertainty related to development 
prospects of the fields in the Falkland 
Islands area could have a significant 
impact on the recoverable amount of 
Group’s exploration and evaluation 
assets. Forecasting the recoverable 
amount of the group’s CGUs is a highly 
subjective area due to the inherent 
uncertainty involved in forecasting and 
discounting future cash flows, specifically 
around oil and gas prices, reserve 
estimates and future cost estimates. 
Moreover, certain licenses in this area 
expire in 2020. The conversion of these 
to production licenses is subject to the 
ability of the Company to secure financing 
for further development and successful 
negotiations with local government.

Recoverability of Parent company’s 
investment in subsidiaries and receivables 
due from group companies depend solely 
on the development prospects of the fields 
in the Falkland Islands area.

52

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

 
Rockhopper Exploration plc 

Governance Report

3.  The impact of uncertainties due to the UK exiting  

the European Union on our audit

Uncertainties related to the effects of Brexit are relevant to 
understanding our audit of the financial statements. All audits 
assess and challenge the reasonableness of estimates made by 
the directors and related disclosures and the appropriateness 
of the going concern basis of preparation of the financial 
statements. All of these depend on assessments of the future 
economic environment and the group’s future prospects and 
performance. Brexit is one of the most significant economic 
events for the UK, and at the date of this report its effects are 
subject to unprecedented levels of uncertainty of outcomes, 
with the full range of possible effects unknown. We applied a 
standardised firm-wide approach in response to that uncertainty 
when assessing the group’s future prospects and performance. 
However, no audit should be expected to predict the unknowable 
factors or all possible future implications for a company and this 
is particularly the case in relation to Brexit.

4.  Our application of materiality and an overview  

of the scope of our audit 

Materiality for the group financial statements as a whole 
was set at $5.1m (2017: $5.3m), determined with reference 
to a benchmark of total assets, of which it represents 1% 
(2017: 1%).

Materiality for the parent company financial statements as 
a whole was set at $5.1m (2017: $5.3m), determined with 
reference to a benchmark of net assets and chosen not to 
exceed materiality for the group financial statements as a 
whole. It represents 1% (2017: 1%) of the stated benchmark.

We agreed to report to the Audit Committee any corrected 
or uncorrected identified misstatements exceeding $250k 
(2017: $275k), in addition to other identified misstatements 
that warranted reporting on qualitative grounds. 

For both the current and prior year, the Group audit team 
performed the audit of the Group (including the Parent Company 
financial information) as if it was a single aggregated set of 
financial information. 

5. We have nothing to report on going concern 
The Directors have prepared the financial statements on 
the going concern basis as they do not intend to liquidate 
the Company or the Group or to cease their operations, and 
as they have concluded that the Company’s and the Group’s 
financial position means that this is realistic. They have also 
concluded that there are no material uncertainties that could 
have cast significant doubt over their ability to continue as 
a going concern for at least a year from the date of approval 
of the financial statements (“the going concern period”). 

Our responsibility is to conclude on the appropriateness of 
the Directors’ conclusions and, had there been a material 
uncertainty related to going concern, to make reference to 
that in this audit report. However, as we cannot predict all 
future events or conditions and as subsequent events may 
result in outcomes that are inconsistent with judgements 
that were reasonable at the time they were made, the 
absence of reference to a material uncertainty in this 
auditor’s report is not a guarantee that the group or the 
company will continue in operation. In our evaluation of the 
Directors’ conclusions, we considered the inherent risks to 
the Group’s and Company’s business model, including the 
impact of Brexit, and analysed how those risks might affect 
the Group’s and Company’s financial resources or ability 
to continue operations over the going concern period. We 
evaluated those risks and concluded that they were not 
significant enough to require us to perform additional audit 
procedures. Based on this work, we are required to report to 
you if we have concluded that the use of the going concern 
basis of accounting is inappropriate or there is an undisclosed 
material uncertainty that may cast significant doubt over 
the use of that basis for a period of at least a year from the 
date of approval of the financial statements. We have nothing 
to report in these respects, and we did not identify going 
concern as a key audit matter.

6.  We have nothing to report on the other information  

in the Annual Report 

The directors are responsible for the other information presented 
in the Annual Report together with the financial statements. 
Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other 
information and, accordingly, we do not express an audit opinion 
or, except as explicitly stated below, any form of assurance 
conclusion thereon. 

Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in 
doing so, consider whether, based on our financial statements 
audit work, the information therein is materially misstated 
or inconsistent with the financial statements or our audit 
knowledge. Based solely on that work we have not identified 
material misstatements in the other information. 

Strategic report and directors’ report 
Based solely on our work on the other information: 
>  we have not identified material misstatements in the strategic 

report and the directors’ report; 

>  in our opinion the information given in those reports for the 

financial year is consistent with the financial statements; and 
>  in our opinion those reports have been prepared in accordance 

with the Companies Act 2006. 

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

53

Governance Report

Rockhopper Exploration plc

7. We have nothing to report on the other matters  
on which we are required to report by exception 
Under the Companies Act 2006, we are required to report to you 
if, in our opinion: 
>  adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent 
Company, or returns adequate for our audit have not been 
received from branches not visited by us; or 

>  the parent Company financial statements are not in 

agreement with the accounting records and returns; or 

>  certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law 

are not made; or 

>  we have not received all the information and explanations 

9. The purpose of our audit work and to whom  
we owe our responsibilities 
This report is made solely to the Company’s members, as a 
body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies 
Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might 
state to the Company’s members those matters we are required 
to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose. 
To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or 
assume responsibility to anyone other than the Company and 
the Company’s members, as a body, for our audit work, for this 
report, or for the opinions we have formed. 

we require for our audit. 

Lynton Richmond (Senior Statutory Auditor)

For and on behalf of KPMG LLP, Statutory Auditor
Chartered accountants
15 Canada Square
London E14 5GL

1 April 2019

We have nothing to report in these respects. 

8. Respective responsibilities 
Directors’ responsibilities 
As explained more fully in their statement set out on page 51, 
the directors are responsible for: the preparation of the financial 
statements including being satisfied that they give a true and 
fair view; such internal control as they determine is necessary 
to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free 
from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error; 
assessing the Group and parent Company’s ability to continue 
as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to 
going concern; and using the going concern basis of accounting 
unless they either intend to liquidate the Group or the parent 
Company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative 
but to do so. 

Auditor’s responsibilities 
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether 
the financial statements as a whole are free from material 
misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue 
our opinion in an auditor’s report. Reasonable assurance is a 
high level of assurance, but does not guarantee that an audit 
conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a 
material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise 
from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or 
in aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the 
economic decisions of users taken on the basis of the financial 
statements. 

A fuller description of our responsibilities is provided on the 
FRC’s website at www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. 

54

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

Rockhopper Exploration plc

Financial Statements

Group income statement
for the year ended 31 December 2018  

Revenue 

Other cost of sales 

Depreciation and impairment of oil and gas assets 

Total cost of sales 

Gross profit 

Exploration and evaluation expenses 

Costs in relation to acquisition and group restructuring 

Recurring administrative costs 

Total administrative expenses 

Charge for share based payments 

Other income 

Foreign exchange movement 

Results from operating activities and other income 

Finance income 

Finance expense 

Loss before tax 

Tax  

Loss for the year attributable to the equity shareholders of the parent company 

Loss per share: cents 

Basic 

Diluted 

All operating income and operating gains and losses relate to continuing activities.

Group statement of comprehensive income
for the year ended 31 December 2018

Loss for the year 

Exchange differences on translation of foreign operations 

Total comprehensive loss for the year 

Year ended 
31 December 
2018 
$’000 

Year ended 
31 December 
2017 
$’000

Notes 

10,580 
(4,563) 

(3,968) 

(8,531) 

2,049 

(5,014) 
(58) 

(5,328) 

(5,386) 

(1,478) 

943 

1,208 

10,401
(4,100)

(5,473)

(9,573)

828

(3,422)
—

(5,282)

(5,282)

(864)

—

(966)

(7,678) 

(9,706)

825 

(253) 

(7,106) 

(25) 

(7,131) 

(1.57) 

(1.57) 

783

(39)

(8,962)

2,823

(6,139)

(1.34)

(1.34)

4 

5 

6 

9 

10 

11 

11 

12 

13 

13 

Year ended 
31 December 
2018 
$’000 

Year ended 
31 December 
2017 
$’000

(7,131) 

371 

(6,760) 

(6,139)

(1,151)

(7,290)

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

55

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Statements

Rockhopper Exploration plc

Group balance sheet 
as at 31 December 2018 

Non current assets

Exploration and evaluation assets 

Property, plant and equipment 

Goodwill 

Current assets

Inventories 

Other receivables 

Restricted cash 

Term deposits 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Assets held for sale 

Total assets 

Current liabilities

Other payables 

Non-current liabilities

Tax payable 

Provisions 

Deferred tax liability 

Liabilities directly associated with assets held for sale 

Total liabilities 

Equity

Share capital 

Share premium 

Share based remuneration 

Own shares held in trust 

Merger reserve 

Foreign currency translation reserve 

Special reserve 

Retained losses 

Attributable to the equity shareholders of the company 

Total liabilities and equity 

31 December 
2018 
$’000 

31 December 
2017 
$’000

Notes 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

20 

25 

26 

26 

26 

26 

26 

26 

26 

447,035 

432,147

11,836 

10,308 

1,779 

9,510 

568 

30,000 

10,426 

— 

11,585

10,789

1,621

16,840

540

30,000

20,729

3,814

521,462 

528,065

15,148 

12,772

37,860 

13,888 

39,223 

— 

40,057

5,986

39,202

9,450

106,119 

107,467

7,205 

3,422 

5,103 

(3,369) 

74,332 

(9,748) 

7,200

3,282

5,609

(3,383)

74,332

(10,119)

456,680 

460,077

(118,282) 

(116,400)

415,343 

521,462 

420,598

528,065

These financial statements were approved by the directors and authorised for issue on 1 April 2019 and are signed on their 
behalf by:

Stewart MacDonald
Chief Financial Officer

56

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rockhopper Exploration plc

Financial Statements

Group statement of changes in equity
for the year ended 31 December 2018 

Share 
capital 
$’000 

Share 
premium 
$’000 

Share based 
remuneration 
$’000 

Shares held 
in trust 
$’000 

Merger 
reserve 
$’000 

Foreign 
currency
translation 
reserve 
$’000 

Special 
reserve 
$’000 

Retained 
losses 
$’000 

Total
equity
$’000

Balance at 31 December 2016 

7,194 

3,149 

6,251 

(3,407) 

74,332 

(8,968)  462,549 

(114,106)  426,994

Total comprehensive loss for the year 

Share based payments (see note 9) 

Share issues in relation to SIP 

Other transfers 

— 

— 

6 

— 

— 

— 

133 

— 

864 

— 

— 

(1,506) 

— 

— 

(109) 

133 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(1,151) 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(6,139) 

(7,290)

— 

— 

864

30

—

(2,472) 

3,845 

Balance at 31 December 2017 

7,200 

3,282 

5,609 

(3,383)  74,332 

(10,119)  460,077  (116,400)  420,598

Total comprehensive loss for the year 

Share based payments (see note 9) 

Share issues in relation to SIP 

Other transfers 

 — 

— 

5 

— 

 — 

— 

140 

 — 

1,478 

— 

— 

(1,984) 

 — 

— 

(118) 

132 

 — 

— 

— 

— 

 371 

 — 

 (7,131) 

 (6,760)

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(3,397) 

5,249 

1,478

27

—

Balance at 31 December 2018 

7,205 

3,422 

5,103 

(3,369)  74,332 

(9,748)  456,680  (118,282)  415,343

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

57

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Statements

Rockhopper Exploration plc

Group cash flow statement
for the year ended 31 December 2018 

Cash flows from operating activities

Net loss before tax 

Adjustments to reconcile net losses to cash: 

Depreciation 

Share based payment charge 

Exploration impairment expenses 

Finance expense 

Finance income 

Foreign exchange 

Operating cash flows before movements in working capital 

Changes in: 

Inventories 

Other receivables 

Payables 

Movement on other provisions 

Cash from/(utilised by) operating activities 

Cash flows from investing activities

Capitalised expenditure on exploration and evaluation assets 

Purchase of property, plant and equipment 

Acquisition of Beach Egypt 

Interest 

Investing cash flows before movements in capital balances 

Changes in: 

Restricted cash 

Cash flow from investing activities 

Cash flows from financing activities

Share incentive plan 

Finance expense 

Cash flow from financing activities 

Currency translation differences relating to cash and cash equivalents 

Net cash flow 

Cash and cash equivalents brought forward 

Cash and cash equivalents carried forward 

Year ended 
31 December 
2018 
$’000 

Year ended 
31 December 
2017 
$’000

Notes 

(7,106) 

(8,962)

15 

9 

14 

10 

4,111 
1,478 
3,884 
253 
(825) 
(2,256) 
(461) 

(23) 
7,029 
(103) 
(1,012) 
5,430 

(13,940) 
(1,844) 
(658) 
750 
(15,692) 

(28) 
(15,720) 

27 
(9) 
18 

(31) 
(10,272) 
20,729 

10,426 

5,687

864

2,321

40

(783)

3,331

2,498

—

(964)

110

(14)

1,630

(25,366)

(1,451)

(6,266)

566

(32,517)

(45)

(32,562)

30

(43)

(13)

655

(30,945)

51,019

20,729

58

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rockhopper Exploration plc

Financial Statements

Notes to the group financial statements
for the year ended 31December 2018 

1.  Accounting policies
1.1  Group and its operations

Rockhopper Exploration plc, the ‘Company’, a public limited company quoted on AIM, incorporated and domiciled in the United 
Kingdom (‘UK’), together with its subsidiaries, collectively ‘the ‘Group’ holds certain exploration licences for the exploration and 
exploitation of oil and gas in the Falkland Islands. In 2014, it diversified its portfolio into the Greater Mediterranean through the 
acquisition of an exploration and production company with operations principally based in Italy and during 2016 augmented 
this through the acquisition of exploration and production assets in Egypt. The registered office of the Company is 4th Floor, 
5 Welbeck Street, London, W1G 9YQ.

1.2  Statement of compliance

The consolidated financial statements are prepared in compliance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as 
adopted by the European Union and applied in accordance with UK company law. The consolidated financial statements were 
approved for issue by the board of directors on 1 April 2019 and are subject to approval at the Annual General Meeting  
of shareholders on 15 May 2019.

1.3  Basis of preparation

The results upon which these financial statements have been based were prepared using the accounting policies set out below. 
These policies have been consistently applied unless otherwise stated.

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention except, as set out in the 
accounting policies below, where certain items are included at fair value.

Items included in the results of each of the Group’s entities are measured in the currency of the primary economic environment 
in which that entity operates (the “functional currency”). 

All values are rounded to the nearest thousand dollars ($’000) or thousand pounds (£’000), except when otherwise indicated.

1.4  Change in accounting policy

Changes in accounting standards
In the current year new and revised standards, amendments and interpretations were effective and are applicable to the 
consolidated financial statements of the Group but did not affect amounts reported in these financial statements.

At the date of authorisation of this report the following standards and interpretations, which have not been applied in this report, 
were in issue but not yet effective. 

– IFRS16 Leases (effective date for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2019);

Management does not believe that the application of this standard will have a material impact on the financial statements. 

1.5  Going concern

At 31 December 2018, the Group had available cash and term deposits of $40 million. In addition the first phase of the Group’s 
main development, Sea Lion, is fully funded from sanction through a combination of Development Carries and a loan facility  
from the operator. 

The Group monitors its cash position, cash forecasts and liquidity on a regular basis and takes a conservative approach to cash 
management, with surplus cash held on term deposits with a number of major financial institutions.

Following the Group’s acquisition of production and exploration assets in Egypt, the Group is exposed to potential payment delay 
from EGPC, which is an issue which has historically been common to many upstream companies operating in the country. As at 
31 December 2018, Rockhopper’s EGPC receivable balance was approximately US$1.3 million.

Cash forecasts are regularly produced based on, inter alia, the Group’s production and expenditure forecasts and management’s 
best estimates of future commodity prices. Sensitivities are run to reflect different scenarios including changes in production 
rates, possible reductions in commodity prices and increased costs. Management’s base case forecast assumes an oil price of 
US$65/bbl in 2019 and 2020, production in line with prevailing rates and expenditures in line with approved budgets. The Group 
has run downside scenarios, where oil prices are reduced by a flat $10/bbl throughout the going concern period and where cost 
expenditures have increased by 5%.

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

59

 
 
Financial Statements

Rockhopper Exploration plc

Notes to the group financial statements continued
for the year ended 31December 2018   

1.  Accounting policies (continued)
1.5  Going concern (continued)

Under the base case forecast and the downside scenarios run, the Group will have sufficient financial headroom to meet forecast 
cash requirements for at least the 12 months from the date of approval of the 2018 financial statements. However, beyond the 
12 month going concern assessment depending on the timing of sanction for the Sea Lion development, in the absence of any 
mitigating actions, the Group may have insufficient funds to meet its forecast cash requirements.

Potential mitigating actions could include non-core asset disposals, collection of arbitration award proceeds, deferral of 
expenditure or raising additional equity.

Accordingly, after making enquiries and considering the risks described above, the Directors have assessed that the cash 
balance held provides the Group with adequate headroom over forecasted expenditure for the following 12 months – as a result, 
the Directors have adopted the going concern basis of accounting in preparing the annual financial statements.

1.6  Significant accounting policies
(A)  Basis of accounting

The Group has identified the accounting policies that are most significant to its business operations and the understanding of its 
results. These accounting policies are those which involve the most complex or subjective decisions or assessments, and relate 
to the capitalisation of exploration expenditure. The determination of this is fundamental to the financial results and position and 
requires management to make a complex judgment based on information and data that may change in future periods.

Since these policies involve the use of assumptions and subjective judgments as to future events and are subject to change,  
the use of different assumptions or data could produce materially different results. The measurement basis that has been  
applied in preparing the results is historical cost with the exception of financial assets, which are held at fair value.

The significant accounting policies adopted in the preparation of the results are set out below.

(B)  Basis of consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the results of Rockhopper Exploration plc and its subsidiary undertakings to the 
balance sheet date. Where subsidiaries follow differing accounting policies from those of the Group, those accounting policies 
have been adjusted to align with those of the Group. Inter-company balances and transactions between Group companies are 
eliminated on consolidation, though foreign exchange differences arising on inter-company balances between subsidiaries with 
differing functional currencies are not offset.

(C)   Segmental reporting

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision 
maker as required by IFRS8 Operating Segments. The chief operating decision maker, who is responsible for allocating 
resources and assessing performance of the operating segments, has been identified as the board of directors.

The Group’s operations are made up of three segments, the oil and gas exploration and production activities in the geographical 
regions of the Falkland Islands and the Greater Mediterranean region as well as its corporate activities centered in the UK.

(D)   Oil and gas assets

The Group applies the successful efforts method of accounting for exploration and evaluation (“E&E”) costs, having regard to the 
requirements of IFRS6 – ‘Exploration for and evaluation of mineral resources’.

Exploration and evaluation (“E&E”) expenditure
Expensed exploration & evaluation costs
Expenditure on costs incurred prior to obtaining the legal rights to explore an area, geological and geophysical costs are expensed 
immediately to the income statement.

Capitalised intangible exploration and evaluation assets
All directly attributable E&E costs are initially capitalised in well, field, prospect, or other specific, cost pools as appropriate, 
pending determination.

60

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

 
 
 
Rockhopper Exploration plc

Financial Statements

Treatment of intangible E&E assets at conclusion of appraisal activities
Intangible E&E assets related to each cost pool are carried forward until the existence, or otherwise, of commercial reserves have 
been determined, subject to certain limitations including review for indicators of impairment. If commercial reserves have been 
discovered, the carrying value, after any impairment loss, of the relevant E&E assets, are then reclassified as development and 
production assets within property plant and equipment. However, if commercial reserves have not been found, the capitalised 
costs are charged to expense.

The Group’s definition of commercial reserves for such purpose is proved and probable reserves on an entitlement basis. 
Proved and probable reserves are the estimated quantities of crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids which geological, 
geophysical and engineering data demonstrate with a specified degree of certainty (see below) to be recoverable in future years 
from known reservoirs and which are considered commercially producible. There should be a 50% statistical probability that the 
actual quantity of recoverable reserves will be more than the amount estimated as proved and probable. The equivalent statistical 
probabilities for the proven component of proved and probable reserves are 90%.

Such reserves may be considered commercially producible if management has the intention of developing and producing them 
and such intention is based upon:

– a reasonable assessment of the future economics of such production;
– a reasonable expectation that there is a market for all or substantially all the expected hydrocarbon production;
– evidence that the necessary production, transmission and transportation facilities are available or can be made available; and
– the making of a final investment decision.

Furthermore:

(i) 

 Reserves may only be considered proved and probable if producibility is supported by either actual production or 
a conclusive formation test. The area of reservoir considered proved includes: (a) that portion delineated by drilling 
and defined by gas-oil and/or oil-water contacts, if any, or both; and (b) the immediately adjoining portions not yet 
drilled, but which can be reasonably judged as economically productive on the basis of available geophysical, geological 
and engineering data. In the absence of information on fluid contacts, the lowest known structural occurrence of 
hydrocarbons controls the lower proved limit of the reservoir.

(ii) 

 Reserves which can be produced economically through application of improved recovery techniques (such as fluid 
injection) are only included in the proved and probable classification when successful testing by a pilot project, the 
operation of an installed programme in the reservoir, or other reasonable evidence (such as, experience of the same 
techniques on similar reservoirs or reservoir simulation studies) provides support for the engineering analysis on which 
the project or programme was based.

Development and production assets
Development and production assets, classified within property, plant and equipment, are accumulated generally on a field-by-
field basis and represent the costs of developing the commercial reserves discovered and bringing them into production, together 
with the E&E expenditures incurred in finding commercial reserves transferred from intangible E&E assets.

Depreciation of producing assets
The net book values of producing assets are depreciated generally on a field-by-field basis using the unit-of-production method 
by reference to the ratio of production in the year and the related commercial reserves of the field, taking into account the future 
development expenditure necessary to bring those reserves into production.

Disposals
Net cash proceeds from any disposal of an intangible E&E asset are initially credited against the previously capitalised costs.  
Any surplus proceeds are credited to the income statement.

Decommissioning
Provision for decommissioning is recognised in full when the related facilities are installed. The amount recognised is the present 
value of the estimated future expenditure. A corresponding amount equivalent to the provision is also recognised as part of the 
cost of the related oil and gas property. This is subsequently depreciated as part of the capital costs of the production facilities. 
Any change in the present value of the estimated expenditure is dealt with prospectively as an adjustment to the provision and the 
oil and gas property. The unwinding of the discount is included in finance cost.

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

61

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Statements

Rockhopper Exploration plc

Notes to the group financial statements continued
for the year ended 31December 2018   

1.  Accounting policies continued
1.6  Significant accounting policies continued
(E)  Capital commitments

Capital commitments include all projects for which specific board approval has been obtained up to the reporting date. Projects 
still under investigation for which specific board approvals have not yet been obtained are excluded.

(F)  Foreign currency translation

Functional and presentation currency:
Items included in the results of each of the Group’s entities are measured using the currency of the primary economic 
environment in which the entity operates, the functional currency. The consolidated financial statements are presented in US$ 
as this best reflects the economic environment of the oil exploration sector in which the Group operates. The Group maintains 
the accounts of the parent and subsidiary undertakings in their functional currency. Where applicable, the Group translates 
subsidiary accounts into the presentation currency, US$, using the closing rate method for assets and liabilities which are 
translated at the rate of exchange prevailing at the balance sheet date and rates at the date of transactions for income statement 
accounts. Differences are taken directly to reserves.

Transactions and balances:
Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the 
transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation 
at year end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are capitalised in the income 
statement, except when deferred in equity as qualifying cash flow hedges and qualifying net investment hedges.

The period end rates of exchange actually used were:

£ : US$ 
a

: 
US$ 

(G)  Revenue and income

(i)  Revenue 

31 December 2018 

31 December 2017

1.28 
1.15 

1.35
1.20

Revenue arising from the sale of goods is recognised when control over a product or service is transferred to a customer, 
which is typically at the point that title passes, and the revenue can be reliably measured. Revenue is measured at the fair 
value of the consideration received or receivable and represents amounts receivable for goods provided in the normal course 
of business, net of discounts, customs duties and sales taxes. 

(ii)  Investment income 

Investment income consists of interest receivable for the period. Interest income is recognised as it accrues, taking into 
account the effective yield on the investment.

(H)  Non-derivative financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised on the Group’s balance sheet when the Group has become a party to the 
contractual provisions of the instrument.

(i)  Other receivables

Other receivables are classified as loans and receivables and are initially recognised at fair value. They are subsequently 
measured at their amortised cost using the effective interest method less any provision for impairment. A provision for 
impairment is made where there is objective evidence that amounts will not be recovered in accordance with original terms 
of the agreement. A provision for impairment is established when the carrying value of the receivable exceeds the present 
value of the future cash flow discounted using the original effective interest rate. The carrying value of the receivable is 
reduced through the use of an allowance account and any impairment loss is recognised in the income statement.

(ii)  Term deposits

Term deposits are disclosed separately on the face of the balance sheet when their term is greater than three months and 
they are unbreakable.

62

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rockhopper Exploration plc

Financial Statements

(iii)  Restricted cash

Restricted cash is disclosed separately on the face of the balance sheet and denoted as restricted when it is not under the 
exclusive control of the Group.

(iv)  Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash in hand and at bank and other short-term deposits held by the Group including 
breakable and unbreakable deposits with terms of less than three months and breakable term deposits of greater terms 
than three months where amounts can be accessed within three months without material loss. They are stated at carrying 
value which is deemed to be fair value.

(v)  Financial liabilities and equity

Financial liabilities and equity instruments are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements 
entered into. An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the Group after deducting 
all of its liabilities.

(vi)  Account and other payables

Account payables are initially recognised at fair value and subsequently at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

(vii) Equity instruments

Equity instruments issued by the Company are recorded at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.

(I)   Income taxes and deferred taxation

The current tax expense is based on the taxable profits for the period, after any adjustments in respect of prior years. Tax, 
including tax relief for losses if applicable, is allocated over profits before tax and amounts charged or credited to reserves as 
appropriate.

Deferred taxation is recognised in respect of all taxable temporary differences that have originated but not reversed at the 
balance sheet date where a transaction or events have occurred at that date that will result in an obligation to pay more, or a right 
to pay less or to receive more, tax, with the exception that deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that the directors 
consider that it is probable that there will be suitable taxable profits from which the future reversal of the underlying temporary 
differences can be deducted.

Deferred tax is measured on an undiscounted basis at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the periods in which temporary 
differences reverse, based on tax rates and laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date.

(J)   Share based remuneration

The Group issues equity settled share based payments to certain employees. Equity settled share based payments are measured 
at fair value (excluding the effect of non market based vesting conditions) at the date of grant. The fair value determined at the 
grant date of the equity settled share based payments is expensed on a straight line basis over the vesting period, based on the 
Group’s estimate of shares that will eventually vest and adjusted for non market based vesting conditions. 

Fair value is measured by use of either Binomial or Monte-Carlo simulation. The main assumptions are disclosed in note 9.

Cash settled share based payment transactions result in a liability. Services received and liability incurred are measured initially 
at fair value of the liability at grant date, and the liability is remeasured each reporting period until settlement. The liability is 
recognised on a straight line basis over the period that services are rendered.

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

63

 
 
 
 
 
Financial Statements

Rockhopper Exploration plc

Notes to the group financial statements continued
for the year ended 31December 2018   

2.  Use of estimates, assumptions and judgements
The Group makes estimates, assumptions and judgements that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities. Estimates, 
assumptions and judgements are continually evaluated and based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations 
of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.

The key assumptions concerning the future, and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the balance sheet date, that have a 
significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are 
discussed below.

Carrying value of intangible exploration and evaluation assets (note 14) and property, plant and equipment (note 15)
The amounts for intangible exploration and evaluation assets represent active exploration and evaluation projects. These amounts 
will be written off to the income statement as exploration costs unless commercial reserves are established or the determination 
process is not completed and there are indications of impairment in accordance with the Group’s accounting policy. 

In addition for assets under evaluation where discoveries have been made, such as Sea Lion, and property plant and equipment 
assets their carrying value is checked by reference to the net present value of future cashflows which requires key assumptions 
and estimates in relation to: commodity prices that are based on forward curves for a number of years and the long-term corporate 
economic assumptions thereafter, discount rates that are adjusted to reflect risks specific to individual assets, the quantum of 
commercial reserves and the associated production and cost profiles. Future development costs are estimated taking into account 
the level of development required to produce the reserves by reference to operators, where applicable, and internal engineers.

Carrying value of goodwill (note 16)
Following the acquisition of Mediterranean Oil & Gas plc during 2014, Rockhopper recognised goodwill in line with the requirements 
of IFRS 3- Business Combinations. Management performs annual impairment tests on the carrying value of goodwill and the 
Greater Mediterranean CGU that the goodwill is attributed to. The calculation of the recoverable amount is based on the likely future 
economic benefits of the exploration and evaluation assets in the acquired portfolio and is based on estimated value of the potential 
and actual discoveries as noted above.

Decommissioning costs (note 23)
Decommissioning costs are uncertain and cost estimates can vary in response to many factors, including changes to the relevant 
legal requirements, the emergence of new technology or experience at other assets. The expected timing, work scope and amount 
of expenditure may also change. Therefore significant estimates and assumptions are made in determining the provision for 
decommissioning. The estimated decommissioning costs are reviewed annually by an external expert and the results of the most 
recent available review used as a basis for the amounts in the Financial Statements. Provision for environmental clean-up and 
remediation costs is based on current legal and contractual requirements, technology and price levels.

64

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

Rockhopper Exploration plc

Financial Statements

3.  Revenue and segmental information

Year ended 31 December 2018 

Revenue 
Cost of sales 

Gross profit 
Exploration and evaluation expenses 

Costs in relation to acquisition and group restructuring 
Recurring administrative costs 

Total administrative expenses 
Charge for share based payments 
Other income 
Foreign exchange gain/(loss) 

Results from operating activities and other income 
Finance income 
Finance expense 

Loss before tax 
Tax 

Profit/(loss) for year 

Reporting segments assets 
Reporting segments liabilities 
Depreciation 

Year ended 31 December 2017 

Revenue 
Cost of sales 

Gross profit 
Exploration and evaluation expenses 

Costs in relation to acquisition and group restructuring 
Other administrative costs 

Total administrative expenses 
Charge for share based payments 
Foreign exchange movement 

Results from operating activities and other income 
Finance income 
Finance expense 

Loss before tax 
Tax 

Loss for year 

Reporting segments assets 
Reporting segments liabilities 
Depreciation 

Falkland 
Islands 
$’000 

— 
— 

— 
(253) 

— 
— 

— 
— 
— 
2,197 

1,944 
— 
— 

1,944 
— 

1,944 

440,314 
76,996 
— 

Greater 
Mediterranean 
$’000 

10,580 
(8,531) 

2,049 
(3,682) 

(58) 
(1,406) 

(1,464) 
— 
943 
(100) 

(2,254) 
8 
(254) 

(2,500) 
(25) 

(2,525) 

41,992 
18,183 
3,991 

Falkland 
Islands 
$’000 

Greater 
Mediterranean 
$’000 

— 
— 

— 
— 

— 
(7) 

(7) 
— 
(3,791) 

(3,798) 
— 
— 

(3,798) 
2,866 

(932) 

425,971 
80,462 
— 

10,401 
(9,573) 

828 
(2,369) 

— 
(1,487) 

(1,487) 
— 
366 

(2,662) 
— 
(30) 

(2,692) 
(43) 

(2,735) 

51,647 
19,551 
5,498 

Corporate 
$’000 

— 
— 

— 
(1,079) 

— 
(3,922) 

(3,922) 
(1,478) 
— 
(889) 

(7,368) 
817 
1 

(6,550) 
— 

(6,550) 

39,156 
10,940 
120 

Corporate 
$’000 

— 
— 

— 
(1,053) 

— 
(3,788) 

(3,788) 
(864) 
2,459 

(3,246) 
783 
(9) 

(2,472) 
— 

(2,472) 

50,447 
7,454 
189 

Total 
$’000

10,580
(8,531)

2,049
(5,014)

(58)
(5,328)

(5,386)
(1,478)
943
1,208

(7,678)
825
(253)

(7,106)
(25)

(7,131)

521,462
106,119
4,111

Total 
$’000

10,401
(9,573)

828
(3,422)

—
(5,282)

(5,282)
(864)
(966)

(9,706)
783
(39)

(8,962)
2,823

(6,139)

528,065
107,467
5,687

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

65

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Statements

Rockhopper Exploration plc

Notes to the group financial statements continued
for the year ended 31December 2018   

4.  Cost of sales

Cost of sales 
Depreciation of oil and gas assets (see note 15) 

5.  Exploration and evaluation expenses

Allocated from administrative expenses (see note 6) 
Capitalised exploration costs impaired (see note 14) 
Other exploration and evaluation expenses 

6.  Administrative expenses

Directors’ salaries and fees, including bonuses (see note 7) 
Other employees’ salaries 
National insurance costs 
Pension costs 
Employee benefit costs 
Total staff costs (including group restructuring costs) 
Amounts reallocated 
Total staff costs charged to administrative expenses 
Auditor’s remuneration (see note 8) 
Other professional fees 
Other  
Depreciation (see note 15) 
Amounts reallocated 

Year ended 
31 December 
2018 
$’000 

4,563 
3,968 
8,531 

Year ended 
31 December 
2018 
$’000 

891 
3,884 
239 
5,014 

Year ended 
31 December 
2018 
$’000 

1,727 
2,638 
637 
164 
88 
5,254 
(2,105) 
3,149 
251 
1,058 
1,648 
143 
(863) 
5,386 

Year ended 
31 December 
2017 
$’000

4,100
5,473
9,573

Year ended 
31 December 
2017 
$’000

597
2,321
504
3,422

Year ended 
31 December 
2017 
$’000

1,934
2,604
651
260
92
5,541
(2,200)
3,341
244
992
1,481
214
(990)
5,282

The average number of staff employed during the year was 20 (31 December 2017: 24). The relative decrease between years reflects 
the continued restructuring of the Greater Mediterranean operation. As at 31 December 2018 the number of staff employed had 
reduced to 19.

Amounts reallocated relate to the costs of staff and associated overhead in relation to non administrative tasks. These costs are 
allocated to exploration and evaluation expenses or capitalised as part of the intangible exploration and evaluation assets as 
appropriate.

66

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rockhopper Exploration plc

Financial Statements

7.  Directors’ remuneration

Executive salaries 
Executive bonuses 
Company pension contributions to money purchase schemes & pension cash allowance 
Benefits 
Non-executive fees 

The total remuneration of the highest paid director was:

Annual salary 
Bonuses 
Money purchase pension schemes 
Benefits 

Year ended 
31 December 
2018 
$’000 

Year ended 
31 December 
2017 
$’000

912 
250 
137 
28 
400 
1,727 

Year ended 
31 December 
2018 
£ 

373,000 
93,000 
55,900 
11,200 
533,100 

1,141
267
104
37
385
1,934

Year ended 
31 December 
2017 
£

362,100
108,600
36,900
10,904
518,504

Interest in outstanding share options and SARs, by director, are separately disclosed in the directors’ remuneration report.

8.  Auditor’s remuneration

KPMG LLP
Fees payable to the Company’s auditor for the audit of the Company’s annual financial statements 
Fees payable to the Company’s auditor and its associates for other services: 
Audit of the accounts of subsidiaries  
Half year review 
Tax compliance services 

Year ended 
31 December 
2018 
$’000 

Year ended 
31 December 
2017 
$’000

128 

72 
38 
13 
251 

117

63
45
19
244

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

67

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Statements

Rockhopper Exploration plc

Notes to the group financial statements continued
for the year ended 31December 2018   

9.  Share based payments
The charge for share based payments relate to options granted to employees of the Group.

Charge for the long term incentive plan options  
Charge for shares issued under the SIP throughout the year 

Year ended 
31 December 
2018 
$’000 

1,360 
118 
1,478 

Year ended 
31 December 
2017 
$’000£

768
96
864

The models and key assumptions used to value each of the grants and hence calculate the above charges are set out below:

Long term incentive plan 
During 2013 a long term incentive plan (“LTIP”) was approved by shareholders. The LTIP is operated and administered by the 
Remuneration Committee. During the year a number of LTIP awards (‘Awards’), structured as nil cost options, were granted to 
executive directors and senior staff. 

LTIP awards will generally only vest or become exercisable subject to the satisfaction of a performance condition measured over 
a three year period (“Performance Period”) determined by the Remuneration Committee at the time of grant. The performance 
conditions must contain objective conditions, which must be related to the underlying financial performance of the Company. The 
current performance condition used is based on Total Shareholder Return (“TSR”) measured over a three-year period against 
the TSR of a peer group of at least 9 other oil and gas companies comprising both FTSE 250, larger AIM oil and gas companies 
and Falkland Islands focused companies (“Peer Group”). The Peer Group for the Awards may be amended by the Remuneration 
Committee at their sole discretion as appropriate. 

Performance measurement for the Awards are based on the average price over the relevant 90 day dealing period measured against 
the 90 dealing day period three years later. Awards will typically vest on a sliding scale from 35% to 100% for performance in the top 
two quartiles of the Peer Group. No awards will vest for performance in the bottom two quartiles. 

The Awards granted on 8 October 2013 and 10 March 2014 had an additional performance condition so that no awards would vest 
if the Company’s share price did not exceed £1.80 based on the average price over the 90 day dealing period up to 31 March 2016. 
The Remuneration Committee has exercised its discretion to vary the performance condition so that the period for achievement of 
the £1.80 hurdle rate is extended to 31 March 2023. As a result, any LTIP awards that would have vested on 31 March 2016 will not 
be exercisable unless the Company’s share price exceeds £1.80 based on an average price over any 90 day dealing period up to 31 
March 2023. At the same time, the Remuneration Committee agreed to remove its discretion to allow vesting for performance in the 
third quartile for all existing and future LTIP awards. 

The LTIP has been valued using a Monte Carlo model the key inputs of which are summarised below:

Grant date: 
Closing share price  
Number granted 
Weighted average volatility 
Weighted average volatility of index 
Weighted average risk free rate 
Correlation in share price movement with comparator group 
Exercise price 
Dividend yield 

23 April 2018 
25.7p 
7,000,000 
44.4% 
64.0% 
0.90% 
13.0% 
0p 
0% 

16 June 2017 
21.25p 
6,700,000 
53.3% 
71.4% 
0.18% 
15.3% 
0p 
0% 

22 Apr 2016 
31.5p 
10,047,885 
60.4% 
71.2% 
0.58% 
27.5% 
0p 
0% 

13 Apr 2015
64.0p
4,111,838
44.5%
55.8%
0.70%
33.5%
0p
0%

68

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rockhopper Exploration plc

Financial Statements

The following movements occurred during the year:

Issue date 

Expiry date 

8 October 2013 
10 March 2014 
13 April 2015 
22 April 2016 
16 June 2017 
23 April 2018 

8 October 2023 
10 March 2024 
13 April 2025 
22 April 2026 
16 June 2027 
23 April 2028 

At 31 December 
2017 

546,145 
70,391 
2,977,944 
6,017,850 
6,700,000 
— 

16,312,330 

Issued 

Lapsed 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
7,000,000 

7,000,000 

— 
— 
(2,977,944) 
— 
— 
— 

(2,977,944) 

At 31 December 
2018

546,145
70,391
—
6,017,850
6,700,000
7,000,000

20,334,386

Share incentive plan
The Group has in place an HMRC approved Share Incentive Plan (“SIP”). The SIP allows the Group to award Free Shares to UK 
employees (including directors) and to award shares to match Partnership Shares purchased by employees, subject to HMRC limits.

Throughout this and the prior year the Group issued two Matching Shares for every Partnership Share purchased.

In the year the Group made a free award of £41,997 (year ended 31 December 2017 £41,997) worth of Free Shares to eligible 
employees. 

This resulted in 156,268 (year ended 31 December 2017: 154,826) Free Shares and under the SIP scheme matching and partnership 
shares issued were 223,131 (year ended 31 December 2017: 302,622) in the period.

The average fair value of the shares awarded (pence) 
Vesting 
Dividend yield 
Lapse due to withdrawals 

31 December 
2018 

31 December 
2017

28 
100% 
Nil 
Nil 

23
100%
Nil
Nil

The fair value of the shares awarded will be spread over the expected vesting period. 

Share appreciation rights
A share appreciation right (“SAR”) is effectively a share option that is structured from the outset to deliver, on exercise, only the net 
gain in the form of new ordinary shares that would have been made on the exercise of a market value share option.

No consideration is payable on the grant of a SAR. On exercise, an option price of 1 pence per ordinary share, being the nominal value 
of the Company’s ordinary shares, is paid and the relevant awardee will be issued with ordinary shares with a market value at the 
date of exercise equivalent to the notional gain that the awardee would have made, being the amount by which the aggregate market 
value of the number of ordinary shares in respect of which the SAR is exercised, exceeds a notional exercise price, equal to the 
market value of the shares at the time of grant (the “base price”). The remuneration committee has discretion to settle the exercise 
of SARs in cash.

The following movements occurred during the period on SARs:

Issue date 

Expiry date 

Exercise price 
(pence) 

At 31 December 
2017 

Exercised 

Lapsed 

At 31 December 
2018

22 November 2008 
3 July 2009 
11 January 2011 
14 July 2011 
16 August 2011 
13 December 2011 
17 January 2012 
30 January 2013 

22 November 2018 
3 July 2019 
11 January 2021 
14 July 2021 
16 August 2021 
13 December 2021 
17 January 2022 
30 January 2023 

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

19.25 
30.87 
372.75 
239.75 
237.00 
240.75 
303.75 
159.00 

355,844 
103,368 
196,712 
43,587 
17,035 
29,594 
269,026 
317,845 

(355,844) 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

1,333,011 

(355,844) 

— 
— 
(21,664) 
— 
— 
— 
(24,485) 
(40,683) 

(86,832) 

—
103,368
175,048
43,587
17,035
29,594
244,541
277,162

890,335

69

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Statements

Rockhopper Exploration plc

Notes to the group financial statements continued
for the year ended 31December 2018   

10.  Foreign exchange 

Foreign exchange gain/(loss) on Falkland Islands tax liability (see note 22) 
Foreign exchange gain on term deposits, cash and restricted cash  

Foreign exchange on operating activities 
Total net foreign exchange gain/(loss) 

11.  Finance income and expense 

Bank and other interest receivable 
Total finance income 
Unwinding of discount on decommissioning provisions (see note 23) 
Other 
Total finance expense 

12.  Taxation

Current tax: 
Overseas tax 
Adjustment in respect of prior years 
Total current tax 
Deferred tax: 
Overseas tax 
Total deferred tax – note 24 
Tax on profit on ordinary activities 
Loss on ordinary activities before tax 
Loss on ordinary activities multiplied at 26% weighted average rate (31 December 2017: 26%) 
Effects of: 
Income and gains not subject to taxation 
Expenditure not deductible for taxation 
Depreciation in excess of capital allowances 
IFRS2 Share based remuneration cost 
Losses carried forward 
Effect of tax rates in foreign jurisdictions 
Adjustments in respect of prior years 
Other 
Tax charge/(credit) for the year 

Year ended 
31 December 
2018 
$’000 

2,197 
59 
2,256 
(1,048) 
1,208 

Year ended 
31 December 
2017 
$’000

(3,791)
460
(3,331)
2,365
(966)

Year ended 
31 December 
2018 
$’000 

Year ended 
31 December 
2017 
$’000

825 
825 
244 
9 
253 

783
783
(4)
43
39

Year ended 
31 December 
2018 
$’000 

Year ended 
31 December 
2017 
$’000

— 
— 
— 

25 
25 
25 
(7,106) 
(1,848) 

(2,528) 
1,688 
1,050 
384 
1,275 
(21) 
25 
— 
25 

(14)
(2,866)
(2,880)

57
57
(2,823)
(8,962)
(2,330)

(1,884)
3,005
(722)
189
1,656
134
(2,866)
(5)
(2,823)

On the 8 April 2015 the Group agreed binding documentation (“Tax Settlement Deed”) with the Falkland Island Government (“FIG”) in 
relation to the tax arising from the Group’s farm out to Premier Oil plc (“Premier”). As such the Group is able to defer this tax liability 
under Extra Statutory Concession 16. As it is deferred, the liability is classified as non-current and discounted. Additional information 
is given in Note 22 Tax payable.

70

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rockhopper Exploration plc

Financial Statements

The total carried forward losses and carried forward pre trading expenditures potentially available for relief are as follows:

UK 
Falkland Islands 
Italy 

Year ended 
31 December 
2018 
$’000 

66,740 
592,483 
75,278 

Year ended 
31 December 
2017 
$’000

62,033
576,121
61,961

In Egypt under the terms of the PSC any taxes arising are settled by EGPC on behalf of the Group. Consequently, any carried forward 
losses would have no impact on the reported profits of the Group.

No deferred tax asset has been recognised in respect of temporary differences arising on losses carried forward, outstanding share 
options or depreciation in excess of capital allowances due to the uncertainty in the timing of profits and hence future utilisation. 
Losses carried forward in the Falkland Islands includes amounts held within entities where utlisation of the losses in the future may 
not be possible.

13.   Basic and diluted loss per share

Shares in issue brought forward 
Shares issued  
– Issued under the SIP 
Shares in issue carried forward 
Weighted average number of Ordinary Shares for the purposes of basic earnings per share 
Effects of dilutive potential Ordinary shares 
Contingently issuable shares  

Net loss after tax for purposes of basic and diluted earnings per share 
Loss per share – cents 
Basic 
Diluted 

31 December 
2018 
Number 

31 December 
2017 
Number

457,116,500 

456,659,052

379,399 
457,495,899 
457,369,112 

457,448
457,116,500
456,945,871

— 
457,369,112 

—
456,945,871

$’000 

(7,131) 

(1.57) 
(1.57) 

$’000

(6,139)

(1.34)
(1.34)

The average market value of the Company’s shares for the purpose of calculating the dilutive effect of share options was on quoted 
market prices for the year during which the options were outstanding. The calculation of loss per share is based upon the loss for the 
year and the weighted average shares in issue. As the Group is reporting a loss in the year then in accordance with IAS33 the share 
options are not considered dilutive because the exercise of the share options would have the effect of reducing the loss per share.

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

71

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Statements

Rockhopper Exploration plc

Notes to the group financial statements continued
for the year ended 31December 2018   

14.  Intangible exploration and evaluation assets

As at 31 December 2016 
Additions 
Written off to exploration costs 
Transfer to assets held for sale (see note 20) 
Foreign exchange movement  
As at 31 December 2017 
Additions 
Written off to exploration costs 
Transfer from assets held for sale (see note 20) 
Foreign exchange movement  
As at 31 December 2018 

Falkland 
Islands 
$’000 

418,584 
7,387 
— 
— 
— 
425,971 
14,595 
(252) 
— 
— 
440,314 

Greater 
Mediterranean 
$’000 

7,835 
1,317 
(2,321) 
(824) 
169 
6,176 
3,364 
(3,632) 
834 
(21) 
6,721 

Total 
$’000

426,419
8,704
(2,321)
(824)
169
432,147
17,959
(3,884)
834
(21)
447,035

Falkland Islands licences 
The additions during the period of $14.6 million relate principally to the Sea Lion development.

In assessing whether it is necessary to undertake a detailed impairment test, management consider whether there are any triggers, 
e.g. a significant change in the view on long term oil pricing or project cost, that would suggest such a detailed test is necessary. 
Management do not consider there to be any such triggers.

Nevertheless, management, as a matter of good practice, run their cashflow model regularly. At the year end, the key inputs to 
this model were a 2019 real terms Brent oil price of $70/bbl, a post-tax discount rate of 12.5% and utilising the operator’s current 
estimates of capital and operating costs and production profiles. The project is targeting project sanction decision at the end of 
2019 (with such decision dependent on securing funding) and is expected to take three and half years from sanction to first oil. 
The remaining barrels in Sea Lion are expected to be recovered along with those in near field discoveries in a second phase of 
development. 

Sensitivity analysis is performed by, in turn, reducing oil price by $10/bbl, reducing production by 10%, increasing capital expenditure 
by 10%, increasing operating expenditure by 10% and delaying the development by one year. None of these sensitivities would have 
led to an impairment charge in the year. 

Costs associated with Isobel/Elaine discoveries and a potential phase 3 development are carried at cost and no indication of 
impairment currently exists although the assets require further appraisal.

Greater Mediterranean licences 
The $3.4 million additions during the period predominantly relate to work on the Egyptian license interests. An impairment of  
$3.4 million was recognised during the year in respect of the Raya-1X exploration commitment well in the El Qa’a Plain concession 
which encountered no hydrocarbons. 

72

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

 
 
 
 
Rockhopper Exploration plc

Financial Statements

15.  Property, plant and equipment

Cost brought forward 
Additions 
Foreign exchange 
Disposals 
Transfer from/(to) assets held for sale 
Cost carried forward 
Accumulated depreciation and  
   impairment  loss brought forward 
Current year depreciation charge 
Foreign exchange 
Disposals 
Transfer (from)/to assets held for sale 
Accumulated depreciation and  
   impairment  loss carried forward 
Net book value brought forward 
Net book value carried forward 

Oil and gas 
assets 
$’000 

31,043 
1,996 
(762) 
— 
4,891 
37,168 

(19,751) 
(3,968) 
611 
— 
(2,396) 

(25,504) 
11,292 
11,664 

Other 
assets 
$’000 

1,134 
25 
(10) 
(271) 
— 
878 

(841) 
(143) 
7 
271 
— 

(706) 
293 
172 

31 December 
2018 
$’000 

32,177 
2,021 
(772) 
(271) 
4,891 
38,046 

(20,592) 
(4,111) 
618 
271 
(2,396) 

(26,210) 
11,585 
11,836 

Oil and gas 
assets 
$’000 

32,378 
970 
2,524 
— 
(4,829) 
31,043 

(14,831) 
(5,473) 
(1,790) 
— 
2,343 

(19,751) 
17,547 
11,292 

Other 
assets 
$’000 

1,096 
17 
21 
— 
— 
1,134 

(618) 
(214) 
(9) 
— 
— 

(841) 
478 
293 

31 December 
2017 
$’000

33,474
987
2,545
—
(4,829)
32,177

(15,449)
(5,687)
(1,799)
—
2,343

(20,592)
18,025
11,585

All oil and gas assets relate to the Greater Mediterranean region, specifically producing assets in Italy and Egypt.

Asset additions relate almost entirely to the Abu Sennan production asset in Egypt.

Consistent with the approach taken to assess whether the Falkland Island licences should be subject to impairment testing, 
management did not identify any triggers that would require a formal impairment calculation to be undertaken. Therefore,  
no impairment was recognised in the period (2017: $nil).

Nonetheless, similar to the Falkland Islands licences future discounted cash flows expected to be derived from production of 
commercial reserves (the value in use being the recoverable amount) were compared against the carrying value of the asset.  
The future cash flows were estimated using a realised oil and gas price assumption equal to existing contracts in place and relevant 
forward curve in 2019 and 2020, and a Brent oil price of $70/bbl and a gas price of a0.25/sm3 in 2019 real terms thereafter and were 
discounted using a post-tax rate of 10%. Assumptions involved in the impairment measurement include estimates of commercial 
reserves and production volumes, future oil and gas prices and the level and timing of expenditures, all of which are inherently 
uncertain. No impairments were identified in this process. 

16.  Goodwill

As at 31 December 2017 
Foreign exchange movement 
As at 31 December 2018 

Greater 
Mediterranean 
$’000

10,789
(481)
10,308

Goodwill relates to the corporate acquisition of Mediterranean Oil & Gas plc (“MOG”) during the period ended 31 December 2014. This 
goodwill is included in the Greater Mediterranean segment and allocated to the Italian CGU, which have the optionality and potential 
to provide value in excess of this fair value as well as representing the strategic premium associated with a significant presence in 
a new region. The functional currency of MOG is euros. As such the goodwill is also expressed in the same functional currency and 
subject to retranslation at each reporting period end. The reduction in the period of $481,000 (2017: $1,350,000 increase) is entirely 
due to this foreign currency difference. None of the goodwill recognised is expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

The Group tests goodwill annually for impairment or more frequently if there are indicators goodwill might be impaired. The 
recoverable amounts are determined by reference to a value in use calculation. Future cashflows are estimated using a long term 
realised gas price of a0.25/sm3 and a realised long-term oil price of $70/bbl in 2019 real terms and were discounted using a post-
tax rate of 10%. Assumptions involved in the impairment measurement include estimates of commercial reserves and production 
volumes, future oil and gas prices and the level and timing of expenditures, all of which are inherently uncertain.

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

73

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Statements

Rockhopper Exploration plc

Notes to the group financial statements continued
for the year ended 31December 2018   

17.  Other receivables

Current 

Receivables 
Prepayments 
Accrued interest 
Income tax 
Other 

31 December 
2018 
$’000 

31 December 
2017 
$’000

3,811 
332 
396 
81 
4,890 
9,510 

9,826
473
323
85
6,133
16,840

The carrying value of receivables approximates to fair value. The decrease in receivables in the year is due to the reduction of the 
receivable due from EGPC. At 31 December 2018, the receivable balance due from EGPC was $1.3 million which is due solely to 
Rockhopper following the settlement of the amount which was payable to the former parent company of Rockhopper Egypt Pty. 
Limited, Beach Energy Limited. 

Other receivables predominantly relate to IVA balances due from the Italian tax authorities which are in the process of being 
reclaimed.

18.  Restricted cash

Charged accounts 

19.  Term deposits

Maturing after the period end: 
Within three months 
Six to nine month 
Nine months to one year 

31 December 
2018 
$’000 

568 
568 

31 December 
2017 
$’000

540
540

31 December 
2018 
$’000 

31 December 
2017 
$’000

10,000 
10,000 
10,000 
30,000 

10,000
10,000
10,000
30,000

Term deposits are disclosed separately on the face of the balance sheet when their term is greater than three months and they are 
unbreakable.

20.  Disposal group held for sale
On 8 June 2017, the Group announced the disposal of a portfolio of non-core interests in onshore Italy. Following failure to satisfy all 
relevant conditions precedent, including receipt of requisite regulatory approvals in Italy, the Group has decided not to proceed with 
the transaction.

21.  Other payables and accruals

Accounts payable 
Accruals 
Other creditors 

31 December 
2018 
$’000 

2,462 
12,246 
440 
15,148 

31 December 
2017 
$’000

2,551
8,654
1,567
12,772

Accruals have increased due to costs associated with the Sea Lion development.

All amounts are expected to be settled within twelve months of the balance sheet date and so the book values and fair values are 
considered to be the same.

74

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rockhopper Exploration plc

Financial Statements

22.  Tax payable

Current tax payable 
Non current tax payable 

31 December 
2018 
$’000 

— 
37,860 
37,860 

31 December 
2017 
$’000

—
40,057
40,057

On the 8 April 2015, the Group agreed binding documentation (“Tax Settlement Deed”) with the Falkland Island Government (“FIG”)  
in relation to the tax arising from the Group’s farm out to Premier Oil plc (“Premier”).

The Tax Settlement Deed confirms the quantum and deferment of the outstanding tax liability and is made under Extra Statutory 
Concession 16. 

As a result of the Tax Settlement Deed the outstanding tax liability was confirmed at £64.4 million and payable on the first royalty 
payment date on Sea Lion. Currently the first royalty payment date is anticipated to occur within six months of first oil production 
which itself is estimated to occur approximately three and a half years after project sanction. As such the tax liability has been 
reclassified as non-current and discounted at 15%. The tax liability was revised downwards in the year ended 31 December 2017 to 
£59.6 million, due to the full benefit of the exploration carry being received from Premier on the 2015/16 drilling campaign and the 
Falkland Islands Commissioner of Taxation agreeing to reduce the liability on that basis in line with the terms of the Tax settlement 
Deed. A foreign exchange gain of US$2.2 million (2017: US$3.8 million loss) has been recognised in the year. 

23.  Provisions

Abandonment 
provision 
$’000 

Other 
provisions 
$’000 

31 December 
2018 
$’000 

31 December 
2017 
$’000

Brought forward 
Amounts utilized 
Amounts arising in the period 
Unwinding of discount 
Transfer from/(to) liabilities associated with assets held for sale 
Foreign exchange 
Carried forward at period end 

5,892 
(854) 
— 
247 
8,750 
(220) 
13,815 

94 
(27) 
10 
— 
— 
(4) 
73 

5,986 
(881) 
10 
247 
8,750 
(224) 
13,888 

14,914
(1,704)
11
—
(8,772)
1,537
5,986

The abandonment provision relates to the Group’s licences in the Greater Mediterranean region. The provision covers both the plug 
and abandonment of wells drilled as well as any requisite site restoration. Assumptions, based on the current economic environment, 
have been made which management believe are a reasonable basis upon which to estimate the future liability. These estimates 
are reviewed regularly to take into account any material changes to the assumptions. However, actual decommissioning costs 
will ultimately depend upon future market prices for the necessary decommissioning works required which will reflect market 
conditions at the relevant time. Furthermore, the timing of decommissioning is likely to depend on when the fields cease to produce at 
economically viable rates. This in turn will depend upon future oil and gas prices, which are inherently uncertain.

Other provisions include amounts due to employees for accrued holiday and leaving indemnity for staff in Italy, that will become 
payable when they cease employment.

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

75

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Statements

Rockhopper Exploration plc

Notes to the group financial statements continued
for the year ended 31December 2018   

24.  Deferred tax liability

At beginning of period 
Movement in period 
At end of period 

31 December 
2018 
$’000 

39,202 
21 
39,223 

31 December 
2017 
$’000

39,145
57
39,202

The deferred tax liability arises due to temporary differences associated with the intangible exploration and evaluation expenditure. 
The majority of the balance relates to historic expenditure on licences in the Falklands, where the tax rate is 26%, being utilised to 
minimise the corporation tax due on the consideration received as part of the farm out disposal during 2012.

Total carried forward losses and carried forward pre-trading expenditures available for relief on commencement of trade at 
31 December 2018 are disclosed in note 12 Taxation. No deferred tax asset has been recognised in relation to these losses due to 
uncertainty that future suitable taxable profits will be available against which these losses can be utilised. The potential deferred tax 
asset at the 31 December 2018 would be $185 million (31 December 2017: $176 million).

25.  Share capital

Called up, issued and fully paid: Ordinary shares of £0.01 each 

7,205 

457,495,899 

7,200 

457,116,500

31 December 2018 

31 December 2017

$’000  

Number  

$’000 

Number 

For details of all movements during the year, see note 13.

26.  Reserves
Set out below is a description of each of the reserves of the Group:

Share premium 

Amount subscribed for share capital in excess of its nominal value.

Share based remuneration 

 The share incentive plan reserve captures the equity related element of the expenses recognised for 
the issue of options, comprising the cumulative charge to the income statement for IFRS2 charges for 
share based payments less amounts released to retained earnings upon the exercise of options.

Own shares held in trust 

 Shares held in trust represent the issue value of shares held on behalf of participants in the SIP by 
Capita IRG Trustees Limited, the trustee of the SIP as well as shares held by the Employee Benefit 
Trust which have been purchased to settle future exercises of options.

Merger reserve 

 The difference between the nominal value and the fair value of shares issued on acquisition of 
subsidiaries.

Foreign currency translation  Exchange differences arising on consolidating the assets and liabilities of the Group’s subsidiaries are  
reserve  
classified as equity and transferred to the Group’s translation reserve.

Special reserve 

 The reserve is non distributable and was created following cancellation of the share premium account 
on 4 July 2013. It can be used to reduce the amount of losses incurred by the Parent Company or 
distributed or used to acquire the share capital of the Company subject to settling all contingent and 
actual liabilities as at 4 July 2013. Should not all of the contingent and actual liabilities be settled, 
prior to distribution the Parent Company must either gain permission from the actual or contingent 
creditors for distribution or set aside in escrow an amount equal to the unsettled actual or contingent 
liability.

Retained losses 

Cumulative net gains and losses recognised in the financial statements.

76

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rockhopper Exploration plc

Financial Statements

27.  Lease commitments
The future aggregate minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases in respect of land and buildings were as 
follows:

Total committed within 1 year 
Total committed between 1 and 5 years 

31 December 
2018 
$’000 

504 
351 
855 

31 December 
2017 
$’000

569
1,285
1,854

28.  Capital commitments
Capital commitments represent the Group’s share of expected costs in relation to its licence interests net of any carry arrangements 
that are in force.

As at the date of these account the Group committed to fund its share of the approved work programs and budgets for our licence 
interests in the calendar year ending 31 December 2019 of US$18 million.

29.  Related party transactions
The remuneration of directors, who are the key management personnel of the Group, is set out below in aggregate. Further 
information about the remuneration of individual directors is provided in the Directors’ Remuneration Report on pages 39 to 49.

Short term employee benefits 
Pension contributions 
Share based payments 

Year ended 
31 December 
2018 
$’000 

1,636 
137 
742 
2,515 

Year ended 
31 December 
2017 
$’000

1,875
59
120
2,054

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

77

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Statements

Rockhopper Exploration plc

Notes to the group financial statements continued
for the year ended 31December 2018   

30.  Risk management policies
Risk review
The risks and uncertainties facing the Group are set out in the risk management report. Risks which require further quantification 
are set out below.

Foreign exchange risks: The Group is exposed to foreign exchange movements on monetary assets and liabilities denominated in 
currencies other than US$, in particular the tax liability with the Falkland Island Government which is a GB£ denominated balance. 
In addition a number of the Group’s subsidiaries have a functional currency other than US$, where this is the case the Group has an 
exposure to foreign exchange differences with differences being taken to reserves. 

Asset balances include cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and term deposits of $41.0 million of which $35.3 million was held 
in US$ denominations. The following table summarises the split of the Group’s assets and liabilities by currency:

Currency denomination of balance 

Assets
31 December 2018 
31 December 2017 
Liabilities 
31 December 2018 
31 December 2017 

$ 
$’000 

491,148 
495,535 

51,200 
47,087 

£ 
$’000 

2,440 
2,989 

38,346 
42,031 

a 
$’000 

27,234 
29,496 

16,518 
18,349 

EGP £ 
$’000 

640 
22 

— 
— 

CAD $ 
$’000

—
—

55
—

The following table summarises the impact on the Group’s pre-tax profit and equity of a reasonably possible change in the US$ to 
GB£ exchange rate and the US$ to euro exchange:

US$ against GB£

31 December 2018 
31 December 2017 
US$ against euro

31 December 2018 
31 December 2017 

Pre tax profit 

Total equity

+10% US$ rate 
increase 
$’000 

–10% US$ rate 
decrease 
$’000 

+10% US$ rate 
increase 
$’000 

–10% US$ rate 
decrease 
$’000

(3,591) 
(3,904) 

1,072 
1,117 

3,591 
3,904 

(1,072) 
(1,117) 

(3,591) 
(3,904) 

1,072 
1,117 

3,591
3,904

(1,072)
(1,117)

Capital risk management: the Group manages capital to ensure that it is able to continue as a going concern whilst maximising the 
return to shareholders. The capital structure consists of cash and cash equivalents and equity. The board regularly monitors the 
future capital requirements of the Group, particularly in respect of its ongoing development programme.

Credit risk; the Group recharges partners and third parties for the provision of services and for the sale of Oil and Gas. Should 
the companies holding these accounts become insolvent then these funds may be lost or delayed in their release. The amounts 
classified as receivables as at the 31 December 2018 were $3,948,000 (31 December 2017: $9,826,000). Credit risk relating to the 
Group’s other financial assets which comprise principally cash and cash equivalents, term deposits and restricted cash arises from 
the potential default of counterparties. Investments of cash and deposits are made within credit limits assigned to each counterparty. 
The risk of loss through counterparty failure is therefore mitigated by the Group splitting its funds across a number of banks, two of 
which are part owned by the British government.

Interest rate risks; the Group has no debt and so its exposure to interest rates is limited to finance income it receives on cash and 
term deposits. The Group is not dependent on its finance income and given the current interest rates the risk is not considered to be 
material.

Liquidity risks; the Group makes limited use of term deposits where the amounts placed on deposit cannot be accessed prior to their 
maturity date. The amounts applicable at the 31 December 2018 were $30,000,000 (31 December 2017: $30,000,000).

78

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

 
 
 
 
 
 
Rockhopper Exploration plc

Financial Statements

Parent company financial statements – company balance sheet 
As at 31 December 2018

Non current assets
Property, plant and equipment 
Investments 
Group undertakings 
Current assets
Other receivables 
Restricted cash 
Term deposits 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Total assets 

Current liabilities 
Other payables 

Total liabilities 

Equity 
Share capital 
Share premium 
Share based remuneration 
Own shares held in trust 
Merger reserve 
Special reserve 
Retained earnings 

Attributable to the equity shareholders of the company 

Total liabilities and equity 

Notes 

2 
3 
4 

5 

6 

7 
11 
11 
11 
11 
11 
11 

31 December 
2018 
$’000 

31 December 
2017 
$’000

88 
93,617 
438,652 

917 
511 
30,000 
6,999 

570,784 

27,167 

27,167 

7,205 
3,422 
5,104 
(3,369) 
74,575 
456,680 
— 

543,617 

570,784 

169
93,617
— 

413,069
540
30,000
18,792

556,187

7,454

7,454

7,200
3,282
5,610
(3,383)
74,575
461,449
—

548,733

556,187

These financial statements were approved by the directors and authorised for issue on 1 April 2019 and are signed on their behalf by:

Stewart MacDonald
Chief Financial Officer

Registered Company number: 05250250

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

79

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Statements

Rockhopper Exploration plc

Company statement of changes in equity
for the year ended 31December 2018

Balance at 31 December 2016 

Total comprehensive loss for the year 
Share based payments 
Share issues in relation to SIP 
Other transfers 
Balance at 31 December 2017 

Total comprehensive loss for the year 
Share based payments 
Share issues in relation to SIP 
Other transfers 

Share 
capital 
$’000 

7,194 

— 
— 
6 
— 
7,200 

— 
— 
5 
— 

Share 
premium 
$’000 

Share based 
remuneration 
$’000 

Shares held 
in trust 
$’000 

Merger 
reserve 
$’000 

Special 
reserve 
$’000 

Retained 
losses 
$’000 

Total 
Equity 
$’000

3,149 

— 
— 
133 
— 
3,282 

— 
— 
140 
— 

6,251 

(3,407) 

74,575  462,549 

—  550,311

— 
864 
— 
(1,505) 
5,610 

— 
1,478 
—  
(1,984) 

— 
— 
(109) 
133 
(3,383) 

— 
— 
(118) 
132 

— 
— 
— 
— 

— 
— 
— 
(1,100) 
74,575  461,449 

(2,472) 
— 
— 
2,472 

(2,472)
864
30
—
—  548,733

— 
— 
— 
— 

— 
— 
— 
(4,769) 

(6,621) 
— 
— 
6,621 

(6,621)
1,478
27
—

Balance at 31 December 2018 

7,205 

3,422 

5,104 

(3,369) 

74,575  456,680 

—  543,617

80

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

 
 
 
Rockhopper Exploration plc

Financial Statements

Notes to the company financial statements 
for the year ended 31 December 2018

1.  Accounting policies
Company and its operations
Rockhopper Exploration plc, the ‘Company’, a public limited company quoted on AIM, incorporated and domiciled in the United 
Kingdom (‘UK’), holds, through its subsidiaries, certain exploration licences granted in 2004 and 2005 for the exploration and 
exploitation of oil and gas in the Falkland Islands. In 2014, it diversified its portfolio through the acquisition of an exploration and 
production company with operations principally based in Italy and during 2016 augmented this through the acquisition of exploration 
and production assets in Egypt. The registered office of the Company is 4th Floor, 5 Welbeck Street, London, W1G 9YQ.

Authorisation of financial statements and statement of compliance with financial reporting standard 101 reduced disclosure 
framework (FRS101)
The financial statements of Rockhopper Exploration plc for the year ended 31 December 2018 were approved and signed by the 
Group Chief Financial Officer on 1 April 2019 having been duly authorized to do so by the board of directors. The Company meets 
the definition of a qualifying entity under Financial Reporting Standard 100 (FRS 100) issued by the Financial Reporting Council. 
Accordingly, these financial statements were prepared in accordance with Financial Reporting Standard 101 Reduced Disclosure 
Framework (FRS 101) and in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006. The amendment to FRS101 (2014/15 cycle) 
issued in July 2015 and effective immediately have been applied. 

In these financial statements, the Company as permitted by FRS101 has taken advantage of the disclosure exemptions available 
under that standard in relation to accounting standards issued but not yet effective or implemented, share-based payment 
information, financial instruments, capital management, presentation of comparative information in respect of certain assets, 
presentation of a cash-flow statement and certain related party transactions.

Basis of accounting
These financial statements are prepared on a going concern basis. The financial statements have been prepared under the historical 
cost convention. Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for the assets. As permitted 
by Section 408 of the Companies Act 2006, the profit and loss account of the Company is not presented as part of these financial 
statements. The accounting policies set out below have, unless otherwise stated, been applied consistently to all periods presented  
in these financial.

All values are rounded to the nearest thousand dollars ($’000), except where otherwise indicated.

At the date of authorisation of this report the following standards and interpretations, which have not been applied in this report,  
were in issue but not yet effective are applicable to the financial statements of the Company. 

– 

IFRS16 Leases (effective date for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2019);

Management does not believe that the application of these standards will have a material impact on the financial statements. 

Going concern
At 31 December 2018, the Group had available cash and term deposits of $40 million. In addition the first phase of the Group’s main 
development, Sea Lion, is fully funded from sanction through a combination of Development Carries and a loan facility from the 
operator. 

The Group monitors its cash position, cash forecasts and liquidity on a regular basis and takes a conservative approach to cash 
management, with surplus cash held on term deposits with a number of major financial institutions.

Following the Group’s acquisition of production and exploration assets in Egypt, the Group is exposed to potential payment delay 
from EGPC, which is an issue which has historically been common to many upstream companies operating in the country. As at 
31 December 2018, Rockhopper’s EGPC receivable balance was approximately US$1.3 million.

Cash forecasts are regularly produced based on, inter alia, the Group’s production and expenditure forecasts and management’s 
best estimates of future commodity prices. Sensitivities are run to reflect different scenarios including changes in production rates, 
possible reductions in commodity prices and increased costs. Management’s base case forecast assumes an oil price of US$65/bbl in 
2019 and 2020, production in line with prevailing rates and expenditures in line with approved budgets. The Group has run downside 
scenarios, where oil prices are reduced by a flat $10/bbl throughout the going concern period and where cost expenditures have 
increased by 5%.

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

81

Financial Statements

Rockhopper Exploration plc

Notes to the company financial statements continued
for the year ended 31 December 2018

1.  Accounting policies continued
Going concern continued
Under the base case forecast and the downside scenarios run, the Group will have sufficient financial headroom to meet forecast 
cash requirements for at least the 12 months from the date of approval of the 2018 financial statements. However, beyond the 12 
month going concern assessment depending on the timing of sanction for the Sea Lion development, in the absence of any mitigating 
actions, the Group may have insufficient funds to meet its forecast cash requirements.

Potential mitigating actions could include non-core asset disposals, collection of arbitration award proceeds, deferral of expenditure 
or raising additional equity.

Accordingly, after making enquiries and considering the risks described above, the Directors have assessed that the cash balance 
held provides the Company and the Group with adequate headroom over forecasted expenditure for the following 12 months –  
as a result, the Directors have adopted the going concern basis of accounting in preparing the annual financial statements.

Share based payment
The Company issues equity settled share based payments to certain employees. Equity settled share based payments are measured 
at fair value (excluding the effect of non market based vesting conditions) at the date of grant. The fair value determined at the grant 
date of the equity settled share based payments is expensed on a straight line basis over the vesting period, based on the Company’s 
estimate of shares that will eventually vest and adjusted for non market based vesting conditions. 

Fair value is measured by use of either Binomial or Monte-Carlo simulation. 

Cash settled share based payment transactions result in a liability. Services received and liability incurred are measured initially at fair 
value of the liability at grant date, and the liability is remeasured each reporting period until settlement. The liability is recognised on a 
straight line basis over the period that services are rendered.

Investments
The investments in the subsidiary undertakings are included in the Company financial statements at cost. The Company assesses 
investments for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of investment may not 
be recoverable. If any such indication of impairment exists, the Company makes an estimate of its recoverable amount. Where the 
carrying amount of an investment exceeds its recoverable amount, the investment is considered impaired and is written down to its 
recoverable amount. 

Income taxes and deferred taxation
The current tax expense is based on the taxable profits for the period, after any adjustments in respect of prior years. Tax, including 
tax relief for losses if applicable, is allocated over profits before tax and amounts charged or credited to reserves as appropriate.

Deferred taxation is recognised in respect of all taxable temporary differences that have originated but not reversed at the balance 
sheet date where a transaction or events have occurred at that date that will result in an obligation to pay more, or a right to pay less 
or to receive more, tax, with the exception that deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that the directors consider that 
it is probable that there will be suitable taxable profits from which the future reversal of the underlying temporary differences can be 
deducted.

Deferred tax is measured on an undiscounted basis at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the periods in which temporary 
differences reverse, based on tax rates and laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date.

Foreign currencies
The functional and presentation currency of the Company is US$.

Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the exchange rate ruling at the transaction date. Monetary assets 
and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into dollars at the exchange rates ruling at the balance sheet date and 
any differences thereon are included in the income statement. 

82

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

Rockhopper Exploration plc

Financial Statements

The period end rates of exchange actually used were:

£ : US$ 
a : US$ 

31 December 2018 

31 December 2017

1.28 
1.15 

1.35
1.20

Property, plant and equipment and depreciation
Tangible fixed assets are stated at cost less depreciation. Depreciation is provided at rates calculated to write off the cost less 
estimated residual value of each asset evenly over its expected useful life as follows:

Office equipment 
Leasehold improvements 

Over three years
Over five years

Non-derivative financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised on the Company’s balance sheet when the Company has become a party to 
the contractual provisions of the instrument.

(i)  Other receivables

Other receivables are classified as loans and receivables and are initially recognised at fair value. They are subsequently 
measured at their amortised cost using the effective interest method less any provision for impairment. A provision for 
impairment is made where there is objective evidence that amounts will not be recovered in accordance with original terms of  
the agreement. A provision for impairment is established when the carrying value of the receivable exceeds the present value of 
the future cash flow discounted using the original effective interest rate. The carrying value of the receivable is reduced through 
the use of an allowance account and any impairment loss is recognised in the income statement.

(ii)  Term deposits

Term deposits are disclosed separately on the face of the balance sheet when their term is greater than three months and they 
are unbreakable.

(iii)  Restricted cash

Restricted cash is disclosed separately on the face of the balance sheet and denoted as restricted when it is not under the 
exclusive control of the Group.

(iv)  Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash in hand and at bank and other short-term deposits held by the Group including 
breakable and unbreakable deposits with terms of less than three months and breakable term deposits of greater terms than 
three months where amounts can be accessed within three months without material loss. They are stated at carrying value  
which is deemed to be fair value.

(v)  Financial liabilities and equity

Financial liabilities and equity instruments are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered 
into. An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the Group after deducting all of its 
liabilities.

(vi)  Trade payables

Trade payables are initially recognised at fair value and subsequently at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

(vii)  Equity instruments

Equity instruments issued by the Company are recorded at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.

Leasing
Rentals payable under operating leases are charged to income on a straight-line basis over the term of the relevant lease. Benefits 
received and receivable as an incentive to enter into an operating lease are also spread on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

83

 
 
Financial Statements

Rockhopper Exploration plc

Notes to the company financial statements continued
for the year ended 31 December 2018

2.  Property, plant and equipment

Cost brought forward 
Additions 
Disposals 
Cost carried forward  
Accumulated depreciation brought forward 
Depreciation charge 
Disposals 
Accumulated depreciation carried forward 
Net book value brought forward 
Net book value carried forward 

3. 

Investments

Cost brought forward 
Additions 
Cost carried forward  
Amounts provided brought and carried forward 
Net book value brought forward 
Net book value carried forward 

31 December 
2018 
$’000 

31 December 
2017 
$’000

1,026 
25 
(272) 
779 
(857) 
(106) 
272 
(691) 
169 
88 

31 December 
2018 
$’000 

139,117 
— 
139,117 
(45,500) 
93,617 
93,617 

1,010
16
—
1,026
(693)
(164)
—
(857)
317
169

31 December 
2017 
$’000

139,117
—
139,117
(45,500)
93,617
93,617

All amounts relate to subsidiary undertakings. Additions during the prior period relate to the acquisition of 100% of the ordinary 
issued share capital of Falkland Oil and Gas Limited and Beach Petroleum Egypt Pty Limited (now Rockhopper Egypt Pty Limited). 

Details of the investments at the period end were as follows:

Company 

Rockhopper Resources Limited 
Rockhopper Exploration (Oil) Limited 
Rockhopper Exploration (Hydrocarbons) Limited 
Rockhopper Exploration (Petrochemicals) Limited 
Rockhopper Exploration (Oil) Limited 
Rockhopper Mediterranean Limited 
Rockhopper Civita Limited 
Rockhopper Italia SpA 
Melita Exploration Company Limited 
Falkland Oil and Gas Limited 
Desire Petroleum Ltd 
Rockhopper Egypt Pty Ltd 

Incorporated 

England & Wales 
England & Wales 
England & Wales 
England & Wales 
Falkland Islands 
England & Wales 
England & Wales 
Italy 
Malta 
Falkland Islands 
England & Wales 
Australia 

Class of 
share 

Ordinary 
Ordinary 
Ordinary 
Ordinary 
Ordinary 
Ordinary 
Ordinary 
Ordinary 
Ordinary 
Ordinary 
Ordinary 
Ordinary 

Percentage 
held 
%

100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

84

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rockhopper Exploration plc

Financial Statements

4.  Group undertakings

Group undertakings 

31 December 
2018 
$’000 

438,652 
438,652 

31 December 
2017 
$’000

—
—

Amounts with Group undertakings are subject to loan agreements, repayable on demand and interest free. Disclosure reflects the 
Company’s expectation that repayment is not likely to occur within the next twelve months. Amounts with Group undertakings are net 
of provisions of $12,346,000.

5.  Other receivables

Receivables 
Prepayments 
Accrued interest 
Other 
Group undertakings 

31 December 
2018 
$’000 

181 
241 
396 
99 
— 
917 

31 December 
2017 
$’000

9
442
323
131
412,164
413,069

Amounts with Group undertakings are subject to loan agreements, repayable on demand and interest free. Amounts with Group 
undertakings in the prior year were net of provisions of $12,346,000.

6.  Other payables

Trade creditors 
Other creditors 
Accruals 
Group undertakings 

7.  Share capital

Shares in issue brought forward 
Shares issued 
–   Issued  under the SIP 
Shares in issue carried forward 

31 December 
2018 
$’000 

1,641 
228 
9,073 
16,225 
27,167 

31 December 
2017 
$’000

1,350
658
5,446
—
7,454

31 December 
2018 
Number 

31 December 
2017 
Number

457,116,500 

456,659,052

379,399 
457,495,899 

457,448
457,116,500

Called up, issued and fully paid: Ordinary shares of £0.01 each 

7,205 

457,495,899 

7,200 

457,116,500

31 December 2018 

31 December 2017

$’000  

Number  

$’000 

Number 

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

85

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Statements

Rockhopper Exploration plc

Notes to the company financial statements continued
for the year ended 31 December 2018

8.  Salaries and directors’ remuneration

Salaries and fees 
National insurance costs 
Pension costs 
Employee benefit costs 
Average number of employees 

Year ended 
31 December 
2018 
$’000 

3,728 
465 
140 
81 
14 

Year ended 
31 December 
2017 
$’000

3,806
481
181
77
15

Disclosures in relation to directors’ remuneration are given on a consolidated basis in the directors’ report and note 7 of the Group 
accounts.

9.  Auditor’s remuneration
Note 8 of the Group accounts provides details of the remuneration of the Company’s auditor on a Group basis.

10.  Share based payments
Note 9 of the Group accounts provides details of share based payments of the Group. The amounts disclosed are the same as those of 
the Company.

11.  Capital and reserves
For description of each of the reserves of the Company please see Note 26 of the Group accounts.

12.  Financial Commitments
The future aggregate minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases in respect of land and buildings were as follows:

Total committed within 1 year 
Total committed between 1 and 5 years 

31 December 
2018 
$’000 

31 December 
2017 
$’000

392 
— 
392 

498
382
880

13.  Related parties
Note 29 of the Group accounts provides details on remuneration of key management personnel of the Group. The amounts disclosed 
are the same as those of the Company.

86

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rockhopper Exploration plc

Financial Statements

Key licence interests as at 1 April 2019

Falkland Islands
North Falkland Basin

Licence 

PL003a 
PL003b 
PL004a 
PL004b 

PL004c 
PL005 
PL032 
– Sea Lion Discovery Area 
PL033 

South Falkland Basin

Licence 

PL010–PL016 
PL025–PL029 
PL031 

Greater Mediterranean
Egypt

Licence 

Abu Sennan 

Italy

Licence 

Operator  

Rockhopper working 
interest % 

Field/Discovery 

Rockhopper 
Rockhopper 
Premier Oil 
Premier Oil 

Premier Oil 
Rockhopper 
Premier Oil 

Premier Oil 

95.50 
60.50 
64.00 
64.00 

— 
— 
Isobel Deep 
Beverley 
   Casper South 
Zebedee 
— 
— 
40.00  Casper North 
Sea Lion 
— 

40.00 

64.00 
100.00 

Licence phase 
expiry date

01/05/2021
01/05/2021
01/05/2021

01/05/2021
01/05/2021
01/05/2021
01/05/2021 
15/04/2020
01/05/2021

Operator  

Rockhopper working 
interest % 

Field/Discovery 

Licence phase 
expiry date

Rockhopper 
Rockhopper 
Rockhopper 

100.00 
100.00 
100.00 

— 
— 
— 

03/12/2020
15/12/2021
15/12/2021

Operator  

Rockhopper working 
interest % 

Field/Discovery 

Licence phase 
expiry date

Kuwait Energy 

22.00 

Various 

01/02/2032 
  to 03/07/2036

Operator  

Rockhopper working 
interest % 

Field/Discovery 

Licence phase 
expiry date

A.C35.AG 
Serra San Bernardo (Monte Grosso)* 
Aglavizza 

Eni 
Eni 
Rockhopper 

20.00 
22.89 
100.00 

*   Licence currently suspended. Revised expiry date will be known once regulatory approval received to drill.

Guendalina 

25/11/2022
—  13/07/2013*
17/12/2032

Civita 

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

87

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Supplementary Information

Rockhopper Exploration plc

Glossary 

2C 

2P 

3C 

best estimate of contingent resources

proven plus probable reserves

Group 

High  

a high estimate category of contingent resources

the Company and its subsidiaries

 high estimate category of Prospective Resources 
also used as a generic term to describe a high or 
optimistic estimate

AGM 

Annual General Meeting

Beach Energy  Beach Petroleum (Egypt) Pty Limited

Best  

Board 

boe 

bopd 

boepd  

Capex 

 a best estimate category of Prospective 
Resources also used as a generic term to 
describe a best, or mid estimate

 the Board of Directors of Rockhopper 
Exploration plc

barrels of oil equivalent

barrels of oil per day

barrels of oil equivalent per day

capital expenditure

Cash resources  Cash and term deposits

Company 

Rockhopper Exploration plc

E&P 

EGPC 

EIS 

ERCE 

exploration and production

Egyptian General Petroleum Company

Environmental Impact Statement

ERC Equipoise Limited

Farm-down 

to assign an interest in a licence to another party

FEED 

FDP 

FID 

FIG 

FOGL 

FPSO 

G&A 

Front End Engineering and Design

Field Development Plan

Final Investment Decision

Falkland Islands Government

Falkland Oil and Gas Limited

Floating Production, Storage and Offtake vessel

General and administrative costs

IFRS 

International Financial Reporting Standard

kboepd 

thousand barrels of oil equivalent per day

Low 

 a low estimate category of Prospective Resources 
also used as a generic term to describe a low or 
conservative estimate

LOI 

Letter of Intent

mmbbls 

million barrels

mmboe 

million barrels of oil equivalent

mmbtu 

million British thermal units

MMstb 

million stock barrels (of oil)

mscf 

net pay 

thousand standard cubic feet

 the portion of reservoir containing hydrocarbons 
that through the placing of cut offs for certain 
properties such as porosity, water saturation and 
volume of shale determine the productive element 
of the reservoir

P&A 

PIM 

plug and abandon

Project Information Memorandum

Premier 

Premier Oil plc

PSV 

scm 

virtual exchange point

standard cubic metre

STOIIP 

stock-tank oil initially in place

SURF 

tvdss 

Subsea, Umbilicals, Risers and Flowlines

true vertical depth subsea

88

Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

Rockhopper Exploration plc (AIM: RKH)  
is an oil and gas exploration and production  
company with key interests in the North Falkland  
Basin and the Greater Mediterranean region.

Financial Statements
Group company financial statements
55  Group income statement
55  Group statement of comprehensive income
56  Group balance sheet
57  Group statement of changes in equity
58  Group cash flow statement
59  Notes to the group financial statements

Parent company financial statements
79  Company balance sheet
80  Company statement of changes in equity
81  Notes to the company financial statements

87  Key licence interests as at 1 April 2019

Supplementary Information
88  Glossary
89  Shareholder information

Strategic Report
  1  Highlights
  3  Rockhopper – the story so far
  4  Rockhopper at a glance
  6  Vision, strategy and business model
  7  Chairman and Chief Executive Officer’s review
  9  Industry overview
 10  Sea Lion Phase 1 development overview 
12  Operations review
17  Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)
18  Financial review
21  Internal controls and risk management
22  Principal risks and uncertainties 
26  Health, safety, environmental and social management

Governance Report
27  Rockhopper Board
28  Board of Directors
30  Senior management team 
31  Corporate governance statement
35  Audit & Risk Committee Chairman’s report 
38  Nomination Committee Chairman’s report
39  Remuneration report
50  Statutory information
52 

 Independent auditor’s report to the 
members of Rockhopper Exploration plc

Cover: Stanley Harbour

Rockhopper Exploration plc

Supplementary Information

Shareholder information

Key contacts

Concerns and procedures

General emails
info@rockhopperexploration.co.uk

Audit committee emails
rkh@rockhopperexploration.co.uk

Website
www.rockhopperexploration.co.uk

Shareholder concerns:
Should shareholders have concerns which have not been  
adequately addressed by the chairman or chief executive,  
please contact the chairman of the audit committee at:
rkh@rockhopperexploration.co.uk

Whistle-blowing procedures:
Should employees, consultants, contractors or other  
interested parties have concerns which have not been 
adequately addressed by the chairman or chief executive,  
please contact the chairman of the audit committee at:
rkh@rockhopperexploration.co.uk

Registered address and head office:
4th Floor
5 Welbeck Street
London 
W1G 9YQ

NOMAD and joint broker
Canaccord Genuity Limited
88 Wood Street 
London 
EC2V 7QR

Joint broker
Peel Hunt LLP
Moor House
120 London Wall 
London 
EC2Y 5ET

Solicitors
Ashurst LLP
Broadwalk House
5 Appold Street
London 
EC2A 2DA

Principal Bankers
Royal Bank of Scotland plc
36 St Andrew Square
Edinburgh 
EH2 2YB

Auditor
KPMG LLP
15 Canada Square
London 
E14 5GL

Registrar
Computershare Investor Services plc
Vintners Place
68 Upper Thames Street
London 
EC4V 3BJ

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Report & Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2018

89

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Building a well-funded, 
full-cycle, exploration-led 
E&P company

 Report and Accounts  
for the year ended 31 December 2018

Rockhopper Exploration plc

Head office:
4th Floor
5 Welbeck Street
London 
W1G 9YQ 

Telephone +44 (0)207 486 1677
info@rockhopperexploration.co.uk
www.rockhopperexploration.co.uk
Twitter @RockhopperExplo

Company Reg. No. 05250250