Quarterlytics / Financial Services / Insurance - Property & Casualty / Safety Insurance Group, Inc.

Safety Insurance Group, Inc.

saft · NASDAQ Financial Services
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Ticker saft
Exchange NASDAQ
Sector Financial Services
Industry Insurance - Property & Casualty
Employees 551
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FY2021 Annual Report · Safety Insurance Group, Inc.
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2021 

ANNUAL  

REPORT 

TO  

OUR  

STOCKHOLDERS

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K

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The key to our success: 
SERVICE.

The key to our  
customers’ success: 
SAFETY.

We help you manage life’s storms

Safety Insurance was founded in 1979 with a belief 

that we would succeed as a company if customers 

were given the best possible service. As we’ve 

grown and expanded our product line to include 

a full portfolio of property and casualty insurance 

products, staying committed to that belief has 

meant even more. At Safety, we do everything 

possible to make it easy for our agents and 

policyholders to do business with us.

Today, Safety is the fourth largest private passenger 

automobile carrier, the second largest commercial 

automobile carrier, and the third largest 

homeowners carrier in Massachusetts. We support 

our network of independent agents with state-of-

the-art tools that make the ease and convenience 

of doing business with Safety second to none.

Together with our agents, Safety Insurance remains 

a premier provider of property and casualty 

insurance in Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and 

Maine. We’ll continue this tradition into the future.

Cash Dividends Paid
Per Common Share
(Dollars)

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2021

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Cash Dividends Paid

Per Common Share

(Dollars)

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3

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$

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3

$

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2021

1.  Excluding change in unrealized gains on 

equity investments

DEAR FELLOW STOCKHOLDERS:

As we returned to a more normal operating 
environment after a record year in 2020, we are proud of our achievements 
in 2021. We continued our track record of operational excellence, posting a strong 

combined ratio of 93.0%. Our combined ratio compares favorably to the average of our 

Performance Peer Group, as defined on page 28 of our 2021 Proxy Statement, that have 

reported Fiscal Year 2021 results of 95.2% and is below our own five-year average of 

93.9%. Our book value increased by 5.2% and reached a record high of $62.47 per share 
Total Revenues1
as of December 31, 2021.
(Dollars in Millions)

Cash Flows from Operations
(Dollars in Millions)

Net Income
(Dollars in Millions)

We continue to invest in digital technology enhancements for our core systems and 

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Innovation Lab that are aimed at providing our independent agents and consumers with 

.

.

.

useful tools to reduce friction and enhance the user experience. These investments, 

along with our strong underwriting discipline, provide a strong foundation for growth in 

.

Safety’s book value and allow Safety to return capital to its investors. Our dividend yield 

of 4.3% ranks in the top three of our Performance Peer Group and remains a priority of 

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the Board of Directors and management team. 

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3
8
$

.

9
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2
6
$

Total Assets

(Dollars in Billions)

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0

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2

$

5

0

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2

$

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1

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2

$

1

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1

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6

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1

$

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1

$

0

7

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1

$

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6
9
9
$

Given our strong balance sheet and financial performance, our Board was pleased to 

announce an increase to our share repurchase program of up to $50 million. We will 
2017
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2017
continue to repurchase shares in a disciplined approach as both an investment strategy 

2018

2020

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2021

2019

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2021

2019

2018

2019

2020

2021

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

Total Revenues1
(Dollars in Millions)

Cash Flows from Operations
liquidity necessary for our business.
(Dollars in Millions)

Net Income
(Dollars in Millions)

Total Assets
(Dollars in Billions)

and an additional mechanism to return capital to shareholders, while maintaining the 

Looking back at 2021, Safety Insurance Group had another financially successful  

.

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6
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2

1

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$

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$

.

2018

2019

2020

2021

year with realized net income of $130.7 million or $8.80 of earnings per share.  

.

We again achieved operating profitability and have successfully maintained our  

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strong financial position with total shareholders’ equity increasing to $927.2 million  

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$

as of December 31, 2021 compared to $884.7 million as of December 31, 2020.  

.

Our operating earnings per share, which exclude the impact of changes in unrealized 

.

0
6
9
9
$

.

0
2
3
8
$

4
0
2
8
$

gains/losses on equity investments, realized gains/losses on investments, and  

.

other-than-temporary impairments, was $7.14 in 2021.

To achieve our goal of increasing stockholders’ value, our long-standing strategy is to 

maintain and develop strong independent agent relationships. In contrast to some of 
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2018

2017

our competitors, Safety distributes its products exclusively through independent agents. 

We continue to work with our extensive network of agents throughout Massachusetts, 

New Hampshire and Maine. We support them with a full suite of insurance products 

and information technology services, which enables them to better serve their 

customers and more easily transact business with us. 

1) 2018 and 2019 exclude the change in unrealized  
gains/losses on equity investments

Safety Insurance Annual Report 2021      1

Safety Insurance Group had 

Our strategy of providing agents with value and 

another financially successful 

year with realized net income 

unparalleled service has enabled Safety to establish 

strong relationships with agency partners and to capture 

a larger share of the total business written by each 

of $130.7 million or $8.80 of 

agent. We position ourselves as the preferred insurance 

earnings per share.

carrier for those agents and are ranked first or second 

in over 70% of their agencies based on direct written 

premium. We have translated our competitive advantage 

and extensive knowledge of the market to become the second largest commercial 

automobile carrier, the fourth largest private passenger automobile carrier and the third 

Cash Dividends Paid

Per Common Share

(Dollars)

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Total Revenues1

(Dollars in Millions)

Cash Flows from Operations
(Dollars in Millions)

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1

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2018

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2021

Total Revenues1

(Dollars in Millions)

Cash Flows from Operations

(Dollars in Millions)

Net Income
(Dollars in Millions)

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6
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Cash Dividends Paid

Per Common Share

(Dollars)

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6

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3

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6

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3

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3

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2021

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2021

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$

largest homeowners carrier in Massachusetts. 

Net Income
(Dollars in Millions)

Total Assets
(Dollars in Billions)

In the rapidly changing area of insurance technology, we continue to focus on systems 

modernization. In 2021, we completed our transition to our modernized claims 

.

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systems for all lines of business. Over the past year, we have also made significant 

.

enhancements to our commercial auto policy system as well as our policy billing 

systems. These enhancements provide our independent agency partners and our shared 

customers easy to use technology tools that make doing business with Safety, second 

to none. We continue to focus on customer engagement by giving our policyholders a 

.

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6
$

variety of ways to interact with us in the underwriting, claims, and billing areas. 

To assist in these efforts, we have an inhouse Innovation Lab whose purpose is to foster 

2017

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a culture of innovative thinking, monitor the InsurTech landscape and provide Safety 

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and our independent agents with the tools and processes necessary to continuously 

improve the customer experience. In 2021, the Innovation Lab partnered with Safety’s 
Total Assets
(Dollars in Billions)
Product Management department to select an InsurTech company to implement a 

Home Sensor Proof of Concept program including freeze and water detection sensors 

along with a Smartphone Mobile app allowing participants to monitor the status of 

5
0

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their sensors remotely. To date the Proof of Concept has been able to mitigate several 

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potential water and freeze incidents by notifying participants of the presence of water 

or low temperatures within their property. The Innovation Lab also partnered with the 

Claims department to introduce an electronic appraisals program using Smartphone 

technology that guides a consumer through a remote, touchless appraisal process 

that not only speeds the claims settlement process but proved very timely during the 

pandemic with our customers’ desire for touchless insurance services. Several other 

initiatives are currently in the pipeline including the latest in payment technologies, 
2017
customer communication methods, artificial intelligence, and robotics.

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2021

2020

Our investment objective continues to focus on maximizing total returns while 

investing conservatively. Net effective annual yield on our investment portfolio was  

3.0% for the year ended December 31, 2021. Our duration on fixed maturities was  

3.6 years at December 31, 2021. We additionally generated $19.9 million on our 

partnership investments in 2021 compared to $6.9 million in 2020. We continue  

2       Safety Insurance Annual Report 2021

Cash Dividends Paid

Per Common Share

(Dollars)

0

6

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3

$

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6

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3

$

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4

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3

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to believe that our current portfolio position and strong 

Our investment objective 

underlying operating cash flow provides sufficient liquidity  

to meet our needs. 

continues to focus on maximizing 

total returns while investing 

Our insurance subsidiaries ‘‘A’’ (Excellent) rating was reaffirmed 

by A.M. Best on May 12, 2021. In reaffirming the rating, A.M. 

conservatively.

Best recognized our solid risk-adjusted capitalization, historically 

strong operating income, favorable loss reserve development, and 

market position as a leading property and casualty insurance writer in the  

New England region. A.M. Best also noted our low investment leverage and  

Total Revenues1
(Dollars in Millions)

disciplined underwriting approach as important strengths.
Cash Flows from Operations
(Dollars in Millions)

Net Income
(Dollars in Millions)

Total Assets
(Dollars in Billions)

We believe that we have a responsibility to the communities and the environment  

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in which we operate and that the effective management of Environmental,  

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Social, and Governance issues will help drive the continued success of our business.  

In 2021, we incorporated a formal ESG policy into our Own Risk Solvency Assessment 

and we are currently undertaking an initial materiality assessment and engaging  

.

with internal and external stakeholders on ESG topics to help further inform our 

.

future direction and priorities. Our areas of focus include human capital, social 

.

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impact, environmental sustainability, and corporate governance. Our ESG report  

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.

will be posted to our Company’s website in conjunction with the filing of our 2022 

proxy statement.

2021
Our employees give both their time and their financial resources to charities of all 

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types, and the company promotes corporate citizenship through charitable donations 

and company-sponsored volunteer activities. Safety is committed to making a 

positive impact on the communities where our employees live and work through 

our matching gift program, corporate giving and employee volunteerism. The Safety 

Insurance Charitable Foundation financially supports a wide array of charities in areas 

such as community service, education, job training, homelessness, arts/culture, food 

banks, youth programs, healthcare, medical research and disaster relief.

With the support of an experienced, knowledgeable and dedicated senior 

management team, we continue to achieve operational and financial excellence. 

The ongoing commitment of our employees, allows us to continually provide the 

best service possible to our independent agent partners and policyholders. This has 

resulted in a history of strong returns and enduring value for our stockholders. We 

appreciate your long-term participation as a stockholder of Safety Insurance Group.

Sincerely,  

George M. Murphy 
President and Chief Executive Officer

Safety Insurance Annual Report 2021       3

 
AUTO

Net Earned Premiums
(Dollars in Thousands)

Private passenger automobile insurance is our primary 
product representing 53.6% of our direct written premiums.  

Net Earned Premiums
(Dollars in Thousands)

We also offer insurance for commercial vehicles used for 

,

,

,

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,

business purposes, insuring individual vehicles as well as 

,

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Net Earned Premiums*
(Dollars in Thousands)

,

5
0
2
8
5
5
$

,

6
9
4
9
5
5
$

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7
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commercial fleets, which represented 16.2% of our direct 

written premium in 2021. We are the fourth largest private 

passenger automobile carrier and the second largest 

commercial automobile carrier in Massachusetts, capturing 

approximately 7.9% and 12.0% of the respective markets. 

2017

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2020

2021

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2020

2021

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2018

2019

2020

2021

* 2020 is inclusive of $17.7M Safety Personal Auto Relief Credit

4       Safety Insurance Annual Report 2021

HOME

Net Earned Premiums*

(Dollars in Thousands)

Net Earned Premiums
(Dollars in Thousands)

5

0

2

,

8

5

5

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9

4

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Net Earned Premiums
(Dollars in Thousands)

We write policies on homes, condominiums, and 
apartments and and offer a broad selection of coverage 
forms for qualified policyholders. Homeowners’ business 

,

6
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,

represents 24.9% of our total direct written premium. 

2017

2018

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2021

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2021

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2018

2019

2020

2021

* 2020 is inclusive of $17.7M Safety Personal Auto Relief Credit

Safety Insurance Annual Report 2021       5

COMMERCIAL PROPERTY  
PRODUCTS

Net Earned Premiums*

(Dollars in Thousands)

Net Earned Premiums

(Dollars in Thousands)

Net Earned Premiums
(Dollars in Thousands)

5

0

2

,

8

5

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,

We offer business owner policies providing liability and 

property coverage to small and medium-sized commercial 

accounts. For larger commercial accounts, or clients that require 

more specialized or tailored coverages, we offer a commercial 

package policy program that covers a more extensive range of 

business enterprises.

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

* 2020 is inclusive of $17.7M Safety Personal Auto Relief Credit

6       Safety Insurance Annual Report 2021

2021 

FORM 10-K

UNITED STATES 
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION 
Washington, D.C. 20549 
FORM 10-K 

☒ 

☐ 

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE 
ACT OF 1934 

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 
Or 

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES 
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 

For the transition period from to 

Commission file number 000-50070 
SAFETY INSURANCE GROUP, INC. 
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) 

Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

13-4181699
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

20 Custom House Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02110
(Address of principal executive offices including zip code) 

(617) 951-0600
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: 

Title of each class 

Trading Symbol 

Name of each exchange on which registered 

 Common Shares, $0.01 par value per share 

SAFT 

The Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☒   No ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 of Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐  No ☒ 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 

1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such 
filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒  No ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 

of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such 
files). Yes ☒  No ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, 

or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth 
company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): 

Large accelerated filer  ☒ 
Non-accelerated filer   ☐

Accelerated filer                  ☐
Smaller reporting company ☐
Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with 

any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal 

control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that 
prepared or issued its audit report. ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐  No ☒ 
The aggregate market value of the registrant’s voting and non-voting common equity (based on the closing sales price on NASDAQ) held by 

non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2021, was approximately $1,123,747,601. 

As of February 22, 2022 there were 14,671,893 Common Shares with a par value of $0.01 per share outstanding. 

Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement for its Annual Meeting of Shareholders, which Safety Insurance Group, Inc. (“Safety”, the 
“Company”, “we”, “our”, “us”) intends to file within 120 days after its December 31, 2021 year-end, are incorporated by reference into Part II and Part III 
hereof.  

Documents Incorporated by Reference

SAFETY INSURANCE GROUP, INC. 

Table of Contents 

Business 
Risk Factors 
Unresolved Staff Comments 
Properties 
Legal Proceedings 
Mine Safety Disclosures 

Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer 
Purchases of Equity Securities 
[Reserved]
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 
Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure 
Controls and Procedures 
Other Information 
Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections 

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance 
Executive Compensation 
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related  
Stockholder Matters 
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence 
Principal Accounting Fees and Services 

Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules 
Form 10-K Summary 

PART I.
Item 1.
Item 1A. 
Item 1B. 
Item 2.  
Item 3.  
Item 4.  

PART II. 
Item 5.  

Item 6. 
Item 7.  
Item 7A.  
Item 8.  
Item 9.  
Item 9A.  
Item 9B.   
Item 9C.   

PART III. 
Item 10.  
Item 11.  
Item 12.  

Item 13.  
Item 14. 

PART IV. 
Item 15.   
Item 16 

SIGNATURES   

Page
1
24
32
32
32
33

34

36
36
57
58
98
98
100
100

101
101

101
101
101

101
113

114

In this Form 10-K, all dollar amounts are presented in thousands, except average premium, average claim and 

per claim data, share, and per share data.

ITEM 1.    BUSINESS 

PART I. 

General 

We are a leading provider of private passenger automobile, commercial automobile, and homeowners insurance 

in Massachusetts. In addition to these coverages, we offer a portfolio of other insurance products, including dwelling 
fire, umbrella and business owner policies. Operating exclusively in Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Maine through 
our insurance company subsidiaries, Safety Insurance Company ("Safety Insurance"), Safety Indemnity Insurance 
Company ("Safety Indemnity"), Safety Property and Casualty Insurance Company ("Safety P&C"), and Safety Northeast 
Insurance Company (“Safety Northeast”) (together referred to as the "Insurance Subsidiaries"), we have established 
strong relationships with independent insurance agents, who numbered 856 in 1,088 locations throughout these three 
states during 2021.  We have used these relationships and, in particular, our extensive knowledge of the Massachusetts 
market to become the fourth largest private passenger automobile carrier and the second largest commercial automobile 
carrier in Massachusetts, capturing an approximate 7.9% and 12.0% share, respectively, of the Massachusetts private 
passenger and commercial automobile markets in 2021 according to statistics compiled by Commonwealth Automobile 
Reinsurers ("CAR").  We also are the third largest homeowners insurance carrier in Massachusetts with a 6.8% share of 
that market in 2020.  We were ranked the 56th largest automobile writer in the country according to S&P Global Market 
Intelligence, based on 2020 direct written premiums.  We were incorporated under the laws of Delaware in 2001, but 
through our predecessors, we have underwritten insurance in Massachusetts since 1979.  

Our Insurance Subsidiaries began writing insurance in New Hampshire during 2008 and Maine in 2016.  The 

table below shows the amount of direct written premiums written in each state during the year ended December 31, 
2021, 2020, and 2019.  

Direct Written Premiums

2021

2020

2019

Years Ended December 31,

Massachusetts

New Hampshire

Maine

Total

Website Access to Information 

$

$

765,007

34,261

2,871
802,139

$

$

764,479

32,334

1,899
798,712

$

$

819,534

31,676

1,194
852,404

The Internet address for our website is www.SafetyInsurance.com.  All of our press releases and United States 

Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") reports are available for viewing or download at our website.  These 
documents are made available as soon as reasonably practicable after each press release is made and SEC report is filed 
with, or furnished to, the SEC. Copies of any current public information about our company is available without charge 
upon written, telephone, faxed or e-mailed request to the Office of Investor Relations, Safety Insurance Group, Inc., 20 
Custom House Street, Boston, MA 02110, Tel: 877-951-2522, Fax: 617-603-4837, or e-mail: 
InvestorRelations@SafetyInsurance.com. The materials on our website are not part of this report on Form 10-K nor are 
they incorporated by reference into this report and the URL above is intended to be an inactive textual reference only. 
The SEC maintains a website at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other 
information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. 

1 

Our Competitive Strengths 

We Have Strong Relationships with Independent Agents.  In 2021, independent agents accounted for 

approximately 56.9% of the Massachusetts automobile insurance market measured by direct written premiums as 
compared to approximately 30.8% nationwide, based on data made available by Independent Insurance Agents and 
Brokers of America, Inc. and CAR. For that reason, our strategy is centered around, and we sell exclusively through, a 
network of independent agents.  In order to support our independent agents and enhance our relationships with them, we:  







provide our agents with a portfolio of property and casualty insurance products at competitive prices to 
help them effectively address the insurance needs of their clients;  

provide our agents with a variety of technological resources which enable us to deliver superior service and 
support to them; and  

offer our agents competitive commission schedules and profit sharing programs.  

Through these measures, we strive to become the preferred provider of the independent agents in our agency 

network and capture a growing share of the total insurance business written by these agents in Massachusetts, New 
Hampshire and Maine.  We must compete with other insurance carriers for the business of independent agents.  

We Have a History of Profitable Operations.  In 40 out of 41 years since our inception in 1979, we have been 

profitable.  We have achieved our profitability, among other things, by:  



operating as the fourth largest private passenger auto premium insurance carrier, the second largest 
commercial auto insurance carrier, and third largest homeowner insurance carrier in Massachusetts.   

 maintaining a combined ratio that is typically below industry averages (refer to Insurance Ratios under 
Item 7—Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for a 
discussion on insurance ratios);  







taking advantage of the institutional knowledge our management has amassed during its long tenure in the 
industry;  

introducing new lines and forms of insurance products;  

investing in technology to provide our agents with state-of-the-art tools that make the ease and convenience 
of doing business with us second to none; and  

 maintaining a high-quality investment portfolio.  

We Continue to Develop and Deploy Advanced Technology and Services for Our Business.  We have dedicated 

significant human and financial resources to the development and deployments of advanced information systems and 
technologies, customer and agent facing websites, mobile applications, and customer engagement tools including online 
chat and text.  Over the last several years we have modernized all of our core systems along with many of our surround 
systems and technology platforms in an effort to increase efficiencies within the organization and provide a better user 
experience for our employees, agents, and customers.  These modern systems and platforms position us to continue to 
take advantage of the latest in InsureTech offerings, Software as a Service (SaaS) products and cloud-based technologies 
to improve the customer experience, engage with customers on their terms, and assist with customer retention all while 
improving operational efficiencies and reducing operational costs.  We also continue to expand our usage of Robotics 
Process Automation (RPA) throughout the organization to automate manual processes, streamline the software testing 
process and perform application performing testing to insure a robust technical environment.  

We Have an Experienced, Committed and Knowledgeable Management Team.  Our senior management team 
has an average of over 28 years of experience with Safety and a demonstrated ability to operate successfully within the 
property and casualty market.  

2 

Our Strategy 

To achieve our goal of increasing shareholder value, our strategy is to maintain and develop strong independent 

agent relationships by providing our agents with a full package of insurance products and information technology 
services.  We believe this strategy will allow us to:  







further penetrate the Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Maine markets in all lines of business;  

implement rates, forms and billing options that allow us to cross-sell private passenger automobile, 
homeowners, dwelling fire, and personal umbrella policies in the personal lines market and commercial 
automobile, business owner policies, commercial property package and commercial umbrella policies in 
the commercial lines market in order to capture a larger share of the total Massachusetts, New Hampshire 
and Maine property and casualty insurance business written by each of our independent agents; and  

continue to expand our technology to enable independent agents to more easily serve their customers and 
conduct business with us, thereby strengthening their relationships with us.  

Property and Casualty Insurance Market 

Introduction.  We are licensed by the respective state insurance departments to transact property and casualty 

insurance in Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Maine.  All of our business is regulated by these departments, with the 
most extensive oversight from our domestic regulator, the Massachusetts Division of Insurance (“Division”).  

Products 

Historically, we have focused on underwriting private passenger automobile insurance, which is written through 

our subsidiary, Safety Insurance.  In 1989, we formed Safety Indemnity to offer commercial automobile insurance at 
preferred rates.  Since 1997, we have expanded the breadth of our product line in order for agents to address a greater 
portion of their clients' insurance needs by selling multiple products. Homeowners, business owner, personal umbrella, 
dwelling fire and commercial umbrella insurance policies are written by Safety Insurance at standard rates and written by 
Safety Indemnity at preferred rates.  In December 2006, we formed Safety P&C to offer homeowners and commercial 
automobile insurance at ultra preferred rates. In November 2020, we formed Safety Northeast to offer a fourth insurance 
subsidiary, which became licensed to write homeowners insurance products in Massachusetts during 2021. 

The table below shows our premiums in each of these product lines for the periods indicated and the portions of 

our total premiums each product line represented.  

Direct Written Premiums
Private passenger automobile
Commercial automobile
Homeowners
Business owners
Personal umbrella
Dwelling fire
Commercial umbrella

Total

2021

429,819
129,832
199,886
23,334
8,417
9,698
1,153
802,139

$

$

Years Ended December 31,
2020

53.6 % $
16.2
24.9
2.9
1.1
1.2
0.1

100.0 % $

438,824
118,773
199,482
22,317
8,087
10,148
1,081
798,712

54.9 % $
14.9
25.0
2.8
1.0
1.3
0.1

100.0 % $

2019
466,697
147,177
196,764
22,241
8,316
10,109
1,100
852,404

54.8 %
17.3
23.0
2.6
1.0
1.2
0.1
100.0 %

3 

Our product lines are as follows:  

Private Passenger Automobile (53.6% of 2021 direct written premiums).  Private passenger automobile 

insurance is our primary product.  These policies provide coverage for bodily injury and property damage to others, no-
fault personal injury coverage for the insured/insured's car occupants, and physical damage coverage for an insured's 
own vehicle for collision or other perils.   

Commercial Automobile (16.2% of 2021 direct written premiums).  Commercial automobile policies provide 

coverage for bodily injury and property damage to others, no-fault personal injury coverage, and physical damage 
coverage for an insured's own vehicle for collision or other perils resulting from the ownership or use of commercial 
vehicles in a business.  We offer insurance for commercial vehicles used for business purposes such as private 
passenger-type vehicles, trucks, tractors and trailers (excluding long-haul trucking), and insure individual vehicles as 
well as commercial fleets.   

Homeowners (24.9% of 2021 direct written premiums).  We offer a broad selection of coverage forms for 

qualified policyholders.  Homeowners policies provide coverage for losses to a dwelling and its contents from numerous 
perils, and coverage for liability to others arising from ownership or occupancy.  We write policies on homes, 
condominiums, and apartments.   

Business Owner Policies (2.9% of 2021 direct written premiums).  We serve eligible small and medium sized 
commercial accounts with a program that covers apartments and residential condominiums; mercantile establishments, 
including limited cooking restaurants; offices, including office condominiums; processing and services businesses; 
special trade contractors; and wholesaling businesses.  Business owner policies provide liability and property coverage 
for many perils, including business interruption from a covered loss.  Equipment breakdown coverage is automatically 
included, and a wide range of additional coverage is available to qualified customers.  We write policies for business 
owners at standard rates with qualifying risks eligible for preferred lower rates.  

Personal Umbrella (1.1% of 2021 direct written premiums).  We offer personal excess liability coverage over 

and above the limits of individual automobile, watercraft, and homeowner's insurance policies to clients.  We write 
policies at standard rates with limits of $1,000 to $5,000.  

Dwelling Fire (1.2% of 2021 direct written premiums).  We underwrite dwelling fire insurance, which is a 

limited form of a homeowner's policy for non-owner occupied residences.  We write all forms of dwelling fire coverage 
at standard rates with qualifying risks eligible for preferred lower rates.  

Commercial Umbrella (0.1% of 2021 direct written premiums).  We offer an excess liability product to clients 

for whom we underwrite both commercial automobile and business owner policies.  The program is directed at 
commercial automobile risks with private passenger-type automobiles or light and medium trucks.  We write commercial 
umbrella policies at standard rates with limits ranging from $1,000 to $5,000.  

Inland Marine (Included in our Homeowners direct written premiums).  We offer inland marine coverage as an 

endorsement for all homeowners and business owner policies, and as part of our commercial package policy.  Inland 
marine provides additional coverage for jewelry, fine arts and other items that a homeowners or business owner policy 
would limit or not cover.  Scheduled items valued at more than $5 must meet our underwriting guidelines and be 
appraised.  

Watercraft (Included in our Homeowners direct written premiums).  We offer watercraft coverage for small and 
medium sized pleasure craft with maximum lengths of 32 feet, valued at less than $75 and maximum speed of 39 knots.  
We write this coverage as an endorsement to our homeowner's policies.  

The insurance industry can also be impacted by terrorism, and we have filed and received approval for a 

number of terrorism endorsements, which limit our liability and property exposure according to the Terrorism Risk 

4 

Insurance Act of 2002, the Terrorism Risk Insurance Extension Act of 2005, the Terrorism Risk Insurance Program 
Reauthorization Act of 2007, the Terrorism Risk Insurance Program Reauthorization of 2015 and the Terrorism Risk 
Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2019.  See "Reinsurance," discussed below.  

Distribution 

We distribute our products exclusively through independent agents, unlike some of our competitors who use 

multiple distribution channels.  We believe this gives us a competitive advantage with the agents.  With the exception of 
personal automobile business assigned to us by the Massachusetts Automobile Insurance Plan (“MAIP”) or written 
through CAR’s commercial automobile Servicing Carrier program, we do not accept business from insurance brokers.  
Our voluntary agents have authority pursuant to our voluntary agency agreement to bind our Insurance Subsidiaries for 
any coverage that is within the scope of their authority.  We reserve the ability to cancel any coverage bound, in 
accordance with applicable law.  In total, our independent agents numbered 856 and had 1,088 offices (some agencies 
have more than one office) and approximately 9,805 customer service representatives during 2021. 

Voluntary Agents.  In 2021, we obtained approximately 96.5% of our direct written premiums for automobile 
insurance and 100% of our direct written premiums for all of our other lines of business through our voluntary agents.  
As of December 31, 2021, we had agreements with 735 voluntary agents.  Our voluntary agents are located in all regions 
of Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Maine. 

We look for agents with profitable portfolios of business.  To become a voluntary agent for our Company, we 
generally require that an agency: (i) have been in business for at least five years; (ii) have exhibited a three year private 
passenger average ratio of losses, excluding loss adjustment expenses, to net earned premiums ("pure loss ratio") of 
65.0% or less on the portion of the agent's portfolio that we would underwrite; (iii) make a commitment for us to 
underwrite at least 300 policies from the agency during the first twelve months after entering an agreement with us; and 
(iv) offer multiple product lines. Every year, we review the prior year performance of our agents.  If an agent fails to 
meet our profitability standards, we try to work with the agent to improve the profitability of the business it places with 
us.  We generally terminate contracts each year with a few agencies, which, despite our efforts, have been consistently 
unable to meet our standards.  Although independent agents usually represent several unrelated insurers, our goal is to be 
one of the top two insurance companies represented in each of our agencies, as measured by direct written premiums.  
No individual agency generated more than 9.2% of our direct written premiums in 2021. 

Massachusetts law guarantees that CAR provides motor vehicle insurance coverage to all eligible risks.  Under 
the MAIP, personal automobile policies are assigned to us for three years, unless the policyholder is offered a voluntary 
policy by another insurer.  All Massachusetts agents are authorized to submit eligible business to the MAIP for random 
assignment to a carrier such as Safety Insurance.  We are allocated all private passenger residual market business through 
the MAIP. 

CAR runs a  reinsurance pool for ceded commercial  automobile policies  through the  Commercial Automobile 
Program (the “Commercial Automobile Program”).  CAR has appointed Safety and three other servicing carriers to process 
ceded commercial automobile insurance.  Safety was reappointed for this program on January 1, 2022 for an additional 
five-year term.  Historically, CAR ran a separate reinsurance pool for Taxi, Limousine and Car Service risks, however, 
beginning  with  the  January  1,  2022  policy  year,  this  pool  was  combined  into  the  Commercial  Automobile  Program. 
Approximately $187,900 of ceded premium is spread equitably among the four servicing carriers.  Subject to the review 
of  the  Massachusetts  Commissioner  of  Insurance  (“the  Commissioner”),  CAR  sets  the  premium  rates  for  commercial 
automobile policies reinsured through CAR and this reinsurance pool can generate an underwriting result that is a profit 
or  deficit  based upon  CAR's  rate  level.    This  underwriting  result  is  allocated  among  every  Massachusetts  commercial 
automobile insurance company, including us, based on a company's commercial automobile voluntary market share.  

5 

We are assigned independent agents by CAR who can submit commercial business to us in the Commercial 

Automobile Program and the Taxi/Limo Program, and we classify those agents as Exclusive Representative Producers 
(“ERPs”).   

The table below shows our direct written exposures in each of our product lines for the periods indicated and 

the change in exposures for each product line. 

Line of Business
Private passenger automobile:

Voluntary agents
MAIP
Total private passenger automobile 

Commercial automobile:
Voluntary agents
ERP
Total commercial automobile 

Other:
Homeowners
Business owners
Personal umbrella
Dwelling fire
Commercial umbrella
Total other
Total

Total voluntary agents 

2021

Years Ended December 31,
2020

2019

Exposures

Change

Exposures

Change

Exposures

Change

390,919
2,110
393,029

65,848
3,755
69,603

153,980
8,770
21,530
6,000
672
190,952
653,584
647,719

(4.4)%

(36.0)
(4.6)

3.2
(1.2)
2.9

(2.3)
0.4
(2.7)
(7.0)
3.1
(2.4)
(3.2)
(3.1)

408,873
3,298
412,171

63,828
3,802
67,630

157,611
8,735
22,124
6,454
652
195,576
675,377
668,277

(2.4)%

(42.9)
(2.9)

(4.8)
(50.8)
(9.6)

(0.8)
(1.9)
(2.2)
(2.7)
(4.7)
(1.1)
(3.1)
(2.3)

418,894
5,777
424,671

67,074
7,725
74,799

158,848
8,903
22,620
6,632
684
197,687
697,157
683,655

(1.6)%

(29.1)
(2.1)

5.4
(31.1)
(0.1)

(0.3)
(2.2)
(1.4)
(2.9)
1.5
(0.6)
(1.5)
(0.7)

In 2021, 65.6% of the private passenger automobile exposures we insure had an other than private passenger 

policy with us, compared to 66.1% and 64.2% in 2020 and 2019, respectively.  In addition, 82.6% of our homeowners’ 
policyholders had a matching automobile policy with us in 2021 compared to 82.8% in 2020 and 82.5% in 2019.  

Marketing  

We view the independent agent as our customer and business partner.  As a result, a component of our 
marketing efforts focuses on developing interdependent relationships with leading Massachusetts, New Hampshire and 
Maine agents that write profitable business and positioning ourselves as the preferred insurance carrier of those agents, 
thereby receiving a larger portion of each agent's aggregate business.  Our principal marketing strategies to agents are: 











to offer a range of products, which we believe enables our agents to meet the insurance needs of their 
clients;  

to price our products competitively, including offering discounts when and where appropriate for safer 
drivers for our personal automobile products, loss-free credits for our homeowner products and also 
offering account discounts for policyholders that have more than one policy with us;  

to design, price and market our products to our agents for their customers to place all their insurance with 
us;  

to offer agents competitive commissions, with incentives for placing their more profitable business with us; 
and  

to provide a level of support and service that enhances the agent's ability to do business with its clients and 
with us.  

We have a comprehensive branding campaign using a variety of radio, television, digital and print 

advertisements. 

6 

Commission Schedule and Profit Sharing Plan.  We have several programs designed to attract profitable new 

business from agents by paying them competitive commissions. We recognize our top performing agents by making 
them members of either our Chairman's Elite, Chairman's, President's, Executive's or Preferred Agent's Club.  In 2021, 
members of these Clubs received a commission of up to 18.0% of premiums for each new private passenger auto policy, 
up to 22.0% of premiums for each new homeowner policy, up to 20.0% for each new commercial auto policy and up to 
20.0% for each new commercial property policy.  

Further, we have a competitive agency incentive commission program under which we pay agents up to 7.5% of 

premiums based on the loss ratio on their business. 

Service and Support.  We believe that the level and quality of service and support we provide helps differentiate 

us from other insurers.  We have made a significant investment in information technology designed to facilitate our 
agents' business.  Our AVC website helps agents manage their work efficiently.  We provide a substantial amount of 
information online that agents need to serve their customers, such as information about the status of new policies, bill 
payments and claims.  Providing this type of content reduces the number of customer calls we receive and empowers the 
agent's customer service representatives by enabling them to respond to customers' inquiries while the customer is on the 
telephone.  Finally, we believe that the knowledge and experience of our employees enhances the quality of support we 
provide. 

Underwriting and Insurance Operations

Our underwriting department is responsible for a number of key decisions affecting the profitability of our 

business, including: 









pricing of our private passenger automobile, commercial automobile, homeowners, dwelling fire, personal 
umbrella, business owner, commercial umbrella and commercial package products;  

developing new products, coverages, forms and discounts, as well as expansion into new states; 

determining underwriting guidelines for all our products; and  

evaluating whether to accept transfers of a portion of an existing or potential new agent's portfolio from 
another insurer.  

Pricing.  Subject to the applicable state insurance department’s review, we set rates for all of our products using 
our own loss experience, industry loss cost data, residual market deficits, catastrophe modeling and prices charged by our 
competitors.  We have four pricing segments for most products, utilizing Safety Insurance for standard rates, Safety 
Indemnity for preferred rates, Safety P&C for ultra preferred rates and Safety Northeast for homeowners rates. 

Massachusetts Residual Automobile Insurance Markets. CAR establishes the rates for personal automobile 

policies assigned to carriers through the MAIP.  In accordance with Massachusetts law, insurers may only charge MAIP 
policyholders the lower of the MAIP rate or the company's competitive voluntary market rate.  CAR also sets rates for 
commercial automobile policies, including taxi/limousine/car service policies, reinsured through the CAR residual 
market pool.  All commercial automobile business and taxi/limousine/car service business that is not written in the 
voluntary market in Massachusetts is apportioned to one of these servicing carriers which handles that business on behalf 
of CAR.  Every Massachusetts commercial automobile insurer must bear a portion of the losses of the total commercial 
reinsurance pool that is serviced by the approved servicing carriers.  We are one of four servicing carriers in CAR’s 
Commercial Automobile Program. 

Bulk Policy Transfers and New Voluntary Agents.  From time to time, we receive proposals from an existing 
voluntary agent to transfer a portfolio of the agent's business from another insurer to us.  Our underwriters model the 
profitability of these portfolios before we accept these transfers.  We generally require any new voluntary agent to 
commit to transfer a portfolio to us consisting of at least 300 policies. 

7 

Policy Processing.  Our underwriting department assists in processing policy applications, endorsements, 
renewals and cancellations.  Our proprietary software, Safety Express, provides our agents with new business and 
endorsement entry, real-time policy issuance for personal lines, immediate printing of declarations pages in agents' 
offices, policy downloads to most major agency management systems and data imports from Boston Software's 
SinglePoint (Massachusetts) and Vertafore's PL Rater (Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Maine).

Rate Pursuit.  We aggressively monitor all insurance transactions to make sure we receive the correct premium 

for the risk insured.  We accomplish this by verifying pricing criteria.  For automobile policies, we verify proper 
classification of drivers, the make, model, and age of insured vehicles, and the availability of discounts.  We also verify 
that operators are properly listed and classified, assignment of operators to vehicles, and vehicle garaging.  In our 
homeowners and dwelling fire lines, we use third party software to evaluate property characteristics and we conduct 
property inspections.  We have a premium audit program in our business owner program, as well as other loss control 
reviews for additional commercial lines of business. 

Product Management.  The Product Management department is responsible for the overall review and updating 
of our products.  The department maintains an annual schedule where each line of business is reviewed and benchmarked 
with our major competitors.   Product offerings, discounts, rate levels and underwriting guidelines are reviewed and 
updates are performed as required.  The department also is responsible for updating producer materials such as rate and 
rule manuals, and underwriting guidelines as well as promotional materials.  In conjunction with the underwriting 
operations area, the department works with third party vendors that assist with risk information gathering and rate pursuit 
for in force policies.  The department also provides product training and general marketplace education for the 
organization. 

Legal and Regulatory Compliance.  The Legal and Regulatory Compliance department provides legal and 

compliance support to all business units within the company.  The department serves as the primary liaison with 
regulators, government, industry trade associations and residual market mechanisms.  The department also provides legal 
support to all areas of the company, including general corporate matters and vendor contracting.  The department 
monitors legal and regulatory changes affecting the enterprise and provides guidance on how to comply with those 
changes.  The department additionally reviews business unit operations to identify and address compliance 
vulnerabilities.  

Business Intelligence.  The Business Intelligence department uses Safety’s data assets to support decision-

making in areas including underwriting, pricing, claims, reserving, reinsurance and assessing catastrophe risks.  Data 
analytics are used to analyze and estimate exposures, loss trends and other risks, and are leveraged to improve company 
business performance and customer satisfaction. 

Customer Engagement. The Customer Engagement department provides professional customer service to our 

agents and insureds by continuously identifying new ways to enhance the ease of doing business with us and by looking 
for new ways to personalize our services for each customer. 

The focuses of our information technology (“IT”) efforts are: 

Technology  











to support the strategic goals, objectives and business needs of the Company by aligning our IT annual 
goals with those of the business assuring that IT resources are being utilized efficiently; 

to constantly re-engineer internal processes to allow more efficient operations, resulting in lower operating 
costs;  

to continuously improve the customer experience making it easier for independent agents and policyholders 
to transact business with us;  

to enable agents to efficiently provide their clients with a high level of service; and 

to maintain and support a secure computing environment.  

8 

We believe that our technology initiatives have increased revenue and decreased costs while at the same time 

improving the customer experience of both our agents and policyholders.  We are continuously investing in new 
technologies including areas such as robotic process automation and a new claims system which we began using for 
other than auto lines of business in 2020 and for auto lines of business in 2021.   

Innovation Lab.  In 2018 we established an Innovation Lab. The purpose of the Innovation Lab is to foster a 

culture of innovative thinking, monitor the InsureTech landscape and provide Safety and our independent agents with the 
tools and processes necessary to continuously improve the customer experiences and remain competitive in both the 
current and future insurance marketplace.  During 2021, the Innovation Lab did substantial research, performed multiple 
proof of concepts, initiated pilot projects, and presented fully functional technologies to the business for their use.  In 
early 2021, the Innovation Lab partnered with Safety’s Product Management department to select an InsureTech 
company to implement a Home Sensor Proof of Concept program including freeze and water detection sensors along 
with a Smartphone Mobile app allowing participants to monitor the status of their sensors remotely.  To date the Proof of 
Concept has been able to mitigate several potential water and freeze incidents by notifying participants of the presence of 
water or low temperatures within their property.  The Innovation Lab also partnered with the Claims department to 
introduce an electronic appraisals program using Smartphone technology that guides a consumer through a remote, 
touchless appraisal process that not only speeds the claims settlement process but proved very timely during the 
pandemic with our customers’ desire for touchless insurance services. Several other initiatives are currently in the 
pipeline including the latest in payment technologies, customer communication methods, artificial intelligence, and 
robotics. 

Internal Applications 

Our employees access our proprietary and vendor supplied applications through our corporate intranet.  Our 

intranet applications streamline internal processes and improve overall operational efficiencies in areas including: 

Claims.  Our claims workload management application allows our claims and subrogation adjusters to better 
manage the claims process.  Subrogation refers to the process by which we are reimbursed by other insurers for claims 
costs we incur due to the fault of their insureds.  The use of this application has reduced the time it takes for us to 
respond to and settle claims, which we believe helps reduce the total amount of our claims expense.   

The automated adjuster assignment system categorizes our new claims by severity and assigns them to the 

appropriate adjuster responsible for investigation.  Once assigned, the integrated workload management tools facilitate 
the work of promptly assigning appraisers, investigating liability, issuing checks and receiving subrogation receipts. 

We currently operate two VIP Claims Centers which use a network of rental car centers and auto body repair 

shops to provide a higher level of service to the clients of the independent insurance agents while reducing costs, such as 
rental expense, through reduced cycle times. 

Billing.  Proprietary and vendor supplied billing systems, integrated with the systems of our print and lock-box 
vendors, expedite the processing and collection of premium receipts and finance charges from agents and policyholders.  
We believe the sophistication of our direct bill systems help us to limit our bad debt expense.  Our bad debt expense as a 
percentage of direct written premiums was 0.1% in 2021 compared to 0.4% in 2020. 

External Applications 

Our agent technology offerings are centralized within our agency portal and feature PowerDesk and Safety 

Express.  PowerDesk is a web-based application that allows for billing inquiry, agent payments on behalf of their 
policyholders, policy inquiry and claims inquiry.  Safety Express provides agents with new business and endorsement 
entry, real-time policy issuance for personal lines, immediate printing of declarations pages in agents' offices, policy 
downloads to most major agency management systems and data imports from Boston Software's SinglePoint 
(Massachusetts) and Vertafore's PL Rater (Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Maine). In addition, we provide our 

9 

agents with commission and claims download for all lines of business, Transformation Station and Transact Now 
Inquires, e-Claims online claims reporting, e-View daily transaction reports and e-Docs online electronic document file 
cabinet.   

We also provide electronic billing (“eBill”), online bill pay (including credit and debit cards), online 

declarations pages, billing inquiry, claims inquiry, auto and homeowners claims first notice of loss, online auto insurance 
cards, and bill pay reminder alerts to our agents’ policyholders through our public website, SafetyInsurance.com.  We 
have also updated our telephone system to provide a voice activated phone directory, automated billing inquiry and 
payments, and call center screen pop-up technology.   

We additionally provide policyholders mobile technology through our Safety Mobile App for iPhone and 

Android devices.  Safety Mobile provides consumers with access to their agent information, bill pay capabilities, the 
ability to report an automobile or homeowners claim and access to their insurance card, among other features. 

Claims

On casualty claims we utilize stringent claims settlement procedures, which include guidelines that establish 
settlement ranges for soft tissue injuries, which constituted approximately 65% of our bodily injury claims in 2021.  If 
we are unable to settle these claims within our pricing guidelines, we explore other cost-effective options including 
alternative dispute resolutions and/or litigation. We believe that these procedures result in providing our adjusting staff 
with a uniform approach to negotiation. 

We believe an important component of handling claims efficiently is prompt investigation and settlement.  We 
find that faster claims settlements often result in less expensive claims settlements.  Our E-Claim reporting system is an 
online product that reduces the time it takes for agents to notify our adjusters about claims, thereby enabling us to contact 
third-party claimants and other witnesses quickly. Our insureds can report claims directly by phone, web, or mobile 
application.  In addition, we utilize an after-hours reporting vendor to ensure that new claims can be reported 24 hours 
per day and 365 days per year. 

We believe that early notification results in our adjusters conducting prompt investigations of claims and 

compiling more accurate information about those claims.  Our claims workload management software also assists our 
adjusters in handling claims quickly. 

We believe the structure of our claims department allows us to respond quickly to claimants.  The department is 
organized into distinct claim units that contain loss costs on injury claims.  Field adjusters are located geographically for 
prompt response to claims, with our litigation unit focused on managing loss costs and litigation expenses for serious 
injury claims. 

Additionally, we utilize a special investigation unit to investigate potential fraud in connection with claims 
presented.  In cases where adjusters suspect fraud in connection with a claim, we deploy this special unit to conduct 
investigations.  We deny payment in cases in which we have succeeded in accumulating sufficient evidence of fraud. 

Our auto physical damage claims units handle physical damage claims arising in our private passenger and 

commercial automobile lines.  Process automation has streamlined our claims function and in combination with 
established policy and procedures newly reported claims are handling in a proactive manner to ensure that coverages are 
verified, damages are appraised and claim payments are issued in a timely and efficient manner.  This ensures the highest 
level of customer service to our insureds while reducing claim cycle times and mitigating claim handling expenses.  We 
continue to vet and implement new methods of appraisal for vehicle damage, including vehicle photo only appraisals 
within the regulatory established guidelines.  Once we receive this information, an automated system redirects the claim 
to the appropriate internal adjuster responsible for investigating the claim to determine liability.  Upon determination of 
liability, the system automatically begins the process of seeking a subrogation recovery from another insurer, if liable.  
We believe this process results in a shorter time period from when the claimant first contacts the agent to when the 

10 

claimant receives a claim payment, while enabling our agents to build credibility with their clients by responding to 
claims in a timely and efficient manner.   

Our property claims division handles physical damage claims arising in our homeowners and other than auto 
insurance lines.  Property Field Adjusters are located remotely across our service areas to handle larger more complex 
property losses.  In 2020 and 2021, we implemented a new claim handling software system that enables more efficient 
handling of the claim process from first notice of loss through settlement and potential subrogation.  We also utilize 
house counsel on subrogation recoveries to reduce collection expenses and maximize damage recoveries. 

Reserves 

Significant periods of time can elapse between the occurrence of an insured loss, the reporting of the loss to the 

insurer and the insurer's payment of that loss.  To recognize liabilities for unpaid losses, insurers establish reserves as 
balance sheet liabilities representing estimates of amounts needed to pay reported and unreported losses and the expenses 
associated with investigating and paying the losses, or loss adjustment expenses.  Every quarter, we review and establish 
our reserves.  Regulations promulgated by the Commissioner require us to annually obtain a certification from either a 
qualified actuary or an approved loss reserve specialist, who may be one of our employees, that our loss and loss 
adjustment expenses reserves are reasonable. 

When a claim is reported, claims personnel establish a "case reserve" for the estimated amount of the ultimate 

payment.  The amount of the reserve is primarily based upon an evaluation of the type of claim involved, the 
circumstances surrounding each claim and the policy provisions relating to the loss.  The estimate reflects informed 
judgment of such personnel based on general insurance reserving practices and on the experience and knowledge of the 
claims person.  During the loss adjustment period, these estimates are revised as deemed necessary by our claims 
department based on subsequent developments and periodic reviews of the cases. 

In accordance with industry practice, we also maintain reserves for estimated losses incurred but not yet 
reported.  Incurred but not yet reported reserves are determined in accordance with commonly accepted actuarial 
reserving techniques on the basis of our historical information and experience. We make adjustments to incurred but not 
yet reported reserves quarterly to take into account changes in the volume of business written, claims frequency and 
severity, our mix of business, claims processing and other items that can be expected to affect our liability for losses and 
loss adjustment expenses over time. 

When reviewing reserves, we analyze historical data and estimate the impact of various loss development 

factors, such as our historical loss experience and that of the industry, legislative enactments, judicial decisions, legal 
developments in imposition of damages, and changes and trends in general economic conditions, including the effects of 
inflation.  There is no precise method, however, for evaluating the impact of any specific factor on the adequacy of 
reserves, because the eventual development of reserves is affected by many factors.  After taking into account all 
relevant factors, management believes that our provision for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses at December 31, 
2021 is adequate to cover the ultimate cost of losses and claims incurred as of that date. 

Management determines its loss and loss adjustment expense ("LAE") reserve estimates based upon the analysis 
of the Company's actuaries.  Management has established a process for the Company's actuaries to follow in establishing 
reasonable reserves.  The process consists of meeting with our claims department, establishing ultimate incurred losses 
by using development models accepted by the actuarial community, and reviewing the analysis with management.  The 
Company's estimate for loss and LAE reserves, net of the effect of ceded reinsurance, ranges from a low of $445,511 to a 
high of $504,580 as of December 31, 2021.  The Company's net loss and LAE reserves, based on our actuaries' best 
estimate, were set at $479,984 as of December 31, 2021.  The ultimate liability may be greater or less than reserves 
carried at the balance sheet date.  Establishment of appropriate reserves is an inherently uncertain process, and there can 
be no certainty that currently established reserves will prove adequate in light of subsequent actual experience.  To the 
extent that reserves are inadequate and are strengthened, the amount of such increase is treated as a charge to earnings in 

11 

the period that the deficiency is recognized.  To the extent that reserves are redundant and are released, the amount of the 
release is a credit to earnings in the period the redundancy is recognized.  We do not discount any of our reserves. 

The following table presents development information on changes in the reserves for losses and LAE of our 

Insurance Subsidiaries for each year in the three year period ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019. 

Reserves for losses and LAE at beginning of year
Less receivable from reinsurers related to unpaid losses and LAE
Net reserves for losses and LAE at beginning of year
Incurred losses and LAE, related to:

Current year
Prior years

Total incurred losses and LAE
Paid losses and LAE related to:

Current year
Prior years

Total paid losses and LAE
Net reserves for losses and LAE at end of period
Plus receivable from reinsurers related to unpaid losses and LAE
Reserves for losses and LAE at end of period

2021

Year Ended 
2020

$

$

 567,581
(106,311)
 461,270

515,400
 (53,673)
461,727

310,116
 132,897
 443,013
479,984
 90,667
570,651

$

$

$

610,566
(122,372)
488,194

459,400
(54,844)
404,556

277,754
153,726
431,480
461,270
106,311
567,581

$

2019

584,719
(108,398)
476,321

551,895
(42,049)
509,846

333,377
164,596
497,973
488,194
122,372
610,566

The following table represents the development of reserves, net of reinsurance, for calendar years 2011 through 

2021. The top line of the table shows the reserves at the balance sheet date for each of the indicated years.  This 
represents the estimated amounts of losses and loss adjustment expenses for claims arising in all years that were unpaid 
at the balance sheet date, including losses that had been incurred but not yet reported to us.  The upper portion of the 
table shows the cumulative amounts paid as of the end of each successive year with respect to those claims.  The lower 
portion of the table shows the re-estimated amount of the previously recorded reserves based on experience as of the end 
of each succeeding year, including cumulative payments made since the end of the respective year. The estimate changes 
as more information becomes known about the payments, frequency and severity of claims for individual years.  
Favorable loss development, shown as a cumulative redundancy in the table, exists when the original reserve estimate is 
greater than the re-estimated reserves at December 31, 2021. 

12 

Information with respect to the cumulative development of gross reserves (that is, without deduction for 

reinsurance ceded) also appears at the bottom portion of the table. 

Reserves for losses and  
LAE originally estimated:
Cumulative amounts paid as of:
One year later 
Two years later 
Three years later  
Four years later 
Five years later 
Six years later  
Seven years later 
Eight years later 
Nine years later 
Ten years later 

Reserves re-estimated as of:
One year later 
Two years later 
Three years later  
Four years later 
Five years later 
Six years later  
Seven years later 
Eight years later 
Nine years later 
Ten years later 

Cumulative  
(redundancy) deficiency 2021 

Gross liability-end of year  
Reinsurance recoverables 
Net liability-end of year 
Gross estimated liability-latest  
Reinsurance recoverables-latest 
Net estimated liability-latest 

2021 

2020 

2019 

2018 

As of and for the Year Ended December 31, 
2016 

2017 

2015 

2014 

2013 

2012 

2011 

$ 479,984  

$ 461,270  

$ 488,194  

$ 476,321  

$ 490,969

$ 476,597

$ 485,716  

$ 420,767  

$ 394,668  

$ 371,657  

$ 352,098

132,897

153,727
216,822

164,595
230,294
269,065

159,234
241,032
282,242
304,009

164,466
231,473
283,812
305,024
318,149

174,506
250,306
290,287
310,140
319,817
325,669

2021 

2020 

2019 

2018 

As of and for the Year Ended December 31, 
2016 

2015 

2017 

132,364
189,367
223,465  
241,589
252,714
255,581
256,733

133,288
178,411
207,626  
223,743
231,346
234,480
235,562
235,807

124,855
175,822
199,741  
213,847
221,363
223,829
225,169
225,320
225,354  

130,204
181,739
211,578
223,941
231,433
233,137
233,905
233,880
233,922
233,936

2014 

2013 

2012 

2011 

$ 407,597  

$ 433,350  
395,578 

$ 434,273  
393,948 
372,282 

$ 434,481
400,312 
376,584 
365,267 

$ 434,813
391,630 
372,379 
359,549 
352,330 

$ 440,268  
406,253 
376,201 
361,335 
353,983 
347,373 

$ 390,452  
348,660 
313,100 
287,131 
276,309 
272,178 
268,514 

$ 357,300  
328,182 
295,788 
274,214 
255,368 
248,746 
245,071 
243,000 

$ 342,767  
308,028 
283,592 
263,787 
250,064 
236,373 
232,657 
229,932 
228,184 

$ 334,788
309,096 
282,441 
268,759 
255,925 
248,353 
239,476 
237,497 
236,440 
235,769 

 (53,673)

 (92,616) 

 (104,039) 

 (125,702) 

 (124,267)

 (138,343) 

(152,253) 

 (151,668) 

 (143,473) 

 (116,329)

2021 
$ 570,651
90,667 
479,984 

2020 
$ 567,581
106,311 
461,270 
506,800 
99,203 
 407,597

2019 
$ 610,566
122,372 
488,194 
508,655 
113,077 
 395,578

As of and for the Year Ended December 31, 
2016 
$ 560,321
83,724 
476,597 
412,410 
60,080 
 352,330

2017 
$ 574,054
83,085 
490,969 
448,047 
82,780 
 365,267

2015 
$ 553,977
68,261 
485,716 
377,470 
30,097 
 347,373

2018 
$ 584,719
108,398 
476,321 
474,121 
101,839 
 372,282

2014 
$ 482,012
61,245 
420,767 
307,087 
38,573 
 268,514

2013 
$ 455,014
60,346 
394,668 
275,429 
32,429 
 243,000

2012 
$ 423,842
52,185 
371,657 
254,894 
26,710 
 228,184

2011 
$ 403,872
51,774 
352,098 
261,593 
25,824 
 235,769

In evaluating the information in the table, it should be noted that each amount entered incorporates the effects of 

all changes in amounts entered for prior periods.  Thus, if the 2021 estimate for a previously incurred loss was $150 and 
the loss was reserved at $100 in 2017, the $50 deficiency (later estimate minus original estimate) would be included in 
the cumulative (redundancy) deficiency in each of the years 2017-2021 shown in the table. It should further be noted that 
the table does not present accident or policy year development data. In addition, conditions and trends that have affected 
the development of liability in the past may not necessarily recur in the future. Accordingly, it is not appropriate to 
extrapolate future redundancies or deficiencies from the table. 

The table shows that we have substantially benefited in the current and prior years from releasing redundant 
reserves.  In the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, we decreased loss reserves related to prior years by 
$53,673, $54,844 and $42,049, respectively.  Reserves and development are discussed further in Item 7—Management's 
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, Executive Summary and Overview. 

As a result of our focus on core business lines since our founding in 1979, we believe we have no specific 

exposure to asbestos or environmental pollution liabilities. 

Reinsurance 

Reinsurance involves an insurance company transferring (ceding) a portion of its exposure on insurance 
underwritten by it to another insurer (reinsurer).  The reinsurer assumes a portion of the exposure in return for a share of 
the premium.  Reinsurance does not legally discharge an insurance company from its primary liability for the full amount 
of the policies, but it does make the reinsurer liable to the company for the reinsured portion of any loss realized.  

13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
We reinsure with other insurance companies a portion of our potential liability under the policies we have 

underwritten, thereby protecting us against an unexpectedly large loss or a catastrophic occurrence that could produce 
large losses, primarily in our homeowners line of business.   We are selective in choosing our reinsurers, seeking only 
those companies that we consider to be financially stable and adequately capitalized.  In an effort to minimize exposure 
to the insolvency of a reinsurer, we continually evaluate and review the financial condition of our reinsurers.  Most of 
our reinsurers have an A.M. Best rating of “A+” (Superior) or “A” (Excellent). 

We maintain reinsurance coverage to help lessen the effect of losses from catastrophic events, maintaining 

coverage that during 2021 protected us in the event of a "135-year storm" (that is, a storm of a severity expected to occur 
once in a 135-year period).  We use various software products to measure our exposure to catastrophe losses and the 
probable maximum loss to us for catastrophe losses such as hurricanes.  The models include estimates for our share of 
the catastrophe losses generated in the residual market for property insurance by the Massachusetts Property Insurance 
Underwriting Association ("FAIR Plan").  In 2021, we purchased four layers of excess catastrophe reinsurance providing 
$615,000 of coverage for property losses in excess of $50,000 up to a maximum of $665,000.  Our reinsurers’ co-
participation is 50.0% of $50,000 for the 1st layer, 80.0% of $50,000 for the 2nd layer, 80.0% of $250,000 for the 3rd 
layer, and 80.0% of $265,000 for the 4th layer. 

For 2022, we have purchased three layers of excess catastrophe reinsurance providing $590,000 of coverage for 

property losses in excess of $75,000 up to a maximum of $665,000.  Our reinsurers’ co-participation is 80.0% of 
$75,000 for the 1st layer, 80.0% of 250,000 for the 2nd layer and 80.0% of $265,000 for the 3rd layer.  

We also have casualty excess of loss reinsurance for large casualty losses occurring in our automobile, 

homeowners, dwelling fire, business owner, and commercial package lines of business in excess of $2,000 up to a 
maximum of $10,000.  We have property excess of loss reinsurance coverage for large property losses, with coverage in 
excess of $2,000 up to a maximum of $20,760, for our homeowners, business owners, and commercial package policies.  
In addition, we have liability excess of loss reinsurance for umbrella large losses in excess of $1,000 up to a maximum of 
$10,000.  We also have various reinsurance agreements with Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company, 
of which the primary contract is a quota share agreement under which we cede 100% of the premiums and losses for the 
equipment breakdown coverage under our business owner policies and commercial package policies. 

Our reinsurance program excludes coverage for acts of terrorism. The Terrorism Risk Insurance Program 

Reauthorization Act of 2019 was signed into law on December 20, 2019 which extended the Terrorism Risk Insurance 
Act (“TRIA”) through the year 2027. The intent of this legislation is to provide federal assistance to the insurance 
industry for the needs of commercial insurance policyholders with the potential exposure for losses due to acts of 
terrorism.  TRIA provides reinsurance for certified acts of terrorism. 

In addition to the above mentioned reinsurance programs and as described in more detail above under The 

Massachusetts Property and Casualty Insurance Market, we are a participant in CAR, a state-established body that, in 
part, runs the residual market reinsurance programs for commercial automobile insurance in Massachusetts under which 
premiums, expenses, losses and loss adjustment expenses on ceded business are shared by all insurers writing 
automobile insurance in Massachusetts.  We also participate in the FAIR Plan in which premiums, expenses, losses and 
loss adjustment expenses on homeowners business that cannot be placed in the voluntary market are shared by all 
insurers writing homeowners insurance in Massachusetts.  The FAIR Plan’s exposure to catastrophe losses increased and 
as a result, the FAIR Plan decided to buy reinsurance to reduce their exposure to catastrophe losses.  On July 1, 2021, the 
FAIR Plan purchased $1,800,000 of catastrophe reinsurance for property losses with retention of $100,000.   

At December 31, 2021, we also had $119,122 due from CAR comprising of loss and loss adjustment expense 

reserves, unearned premiums and reinsurance recoverables. 

On March 10, 2005, our Board of Directors (the “Board”) adopted a resolution that prohibits Safety from 
purchasing finite reinsurance (reinsurance that transfers only a relatively finite or limited amount of risk to the reinsurer) 
without approval by the Board.  To date, the Company has never purchased a finite reinsurance contract. 

14 

Competition 

The property and casualty insurance business is highly competitive and many of our competitors have 
substantially greater financial and other resources than we do.  We compete with both large national writers and smaller 
regional companies.  Our competitors include companies which, like us, serve the independent agency market, as well as 
companies which sell insurance directly to customers. Direct writers may have certain competitive advantages over 
agency writers, including increased name recognition, loyalty of the customer base to the insurer rather than to an 
independent agency, and potentially, lower cost structures.  A material reduction in the amount of business independent 
agents sell would adversely affect us.  Further, we and others compete on the basis of the commissions and other cash 
and non-cash incentives provided to agents.   

Although, historically, a number of national insurers that are much larger than we are have chosen not to 

compete in a material way in the Massachusetts private passenger automobile market, since 2008, several new 
companies have entered the market.  These companies include some that would be able to sustain significant losses in 
order to acquire market share, as well as others which use distribution methods that compete with the independent agent 
channel.  There can be no assurance that we will be able to compete effectively against these companies in the future. 

Our principal competitors within the Massachusetts private passenger automobile insurance market are 
MAPFRE SA, Government Employees Insurance Company and Liberty Mutual Insurance Company, which held 21.5%, 
15.8% and 8.1% market shares based on premiums, respectively, in 2021 according to CAR. 

We are the second largest writer of commercial automobile insurance in Massachusetts with a market share of 

12.0% in 2021. Other principal competitors in the Massachusetts commercial automobile insurance market are MAPFRE 
SA, Arbella Mutual Insurance Company and The Travelers Indemnity Insurance Company, which held 14.7%, 10.6% 
and 7.6% market shares based on premium, respectively, according to CAR.  This includes our share of residual market 
business as one of four servicing carriers in CAR’s Commercial Automobile Program. 

We are the third largest writer of homeowners insurance business in Massachusetts, with a market share of 
6.8% in 2020.  Our principal competitors within the Massachusetts homeowners insurance market are MAPFRE SA, 
Liberty Mutual and The Andover Companies, which held 12.5%, 9.1% and 6.2% market shares respectively in 2020 
(according to S&P Global Market Intelligence).  

Human Capital  

At December 31, 2021, we employed 552 employees who all work in the New England region.  The 

management team establishes hiring and compensation practices for our Company.  The Board is periodically updated on 
key employee engagement and employee relations measures.  In addition, the Board’s Compensation Committee is 
responsible for reviewing performance and approving compensation paid to senior leaders.  Our Human Resources team, 
led by our Chief Financial Officer, supports the Compensation Committee in the execution of its responsibilities.  In 
addition to the day-to-day support, they provide to our management team, the Human Resources team monitors the pulse 
of our employee population.   

We create a workplace where all employees are treated with dignity and respect, and individual differences are 
valued, all with the goal of securing the trust and satisfaction of our employees. The Company is committed to a policy 
of inclusiveness and is committed to actively seeking out highly-qualified candidates with diverse gender, race, color, 
religion, ethnicity, age, marital status, handicap, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, and backgrounds. The 
Company prioritizes an environment where employees are respected, inspired to perform at their best, and are recognized 
for their contributions.  We persistently work to improve the employee experience in support of our continuing strategic 
objective to attract, retain and develop talent in the insurance industry. Our commitment to a robust talent pool starts at 
the top. The Board engages with the Compensation Committee annually to review executive level compensation, 
consider key pipeline talent and conduct succession planning. In addition, our leadership team conducts a comprehensive 
annual review process across our organization each year.  We have a history of promotion from within as over 20% of 
our organization has 25 years of experience at Safety.  

15 

We offer competitive pay and benefits to our employees.  In addition to competitive salaries, all management 

level employees are included in our long-term incentive compensation program where they can receive a combination of 
time and performance-based awards.  The Company also engages in a number of additional practices to ensure pay 
fairness, including: 




Centralized compensation function ensuring consistent programs and practices across the enterprise; 
Enterprise-wide framework for evaluating and aligning roles and compensation levels based on job 
responsibilities, strategic importance of the role, and other relevant factors; 
Prohibition against asking external job applicants for current or historical compensation information; 
Individual compensation decisions consider each employee’s experience, proficiency, and performance; 



 Multiple levels of review and approval required for all compensation decisions. 

We are committed to our extensive, long-standing policies and practices to ensure fair pay across the 

organization, while also staying attuned to external best practices and insights, and leveraging input from our pay 
consultants.

We further foster our culture through our robust learning and development program and our competitive benefit 

programs. Our extensive benefits include a variety of items, not limited to the following: 

 Medical and vision plan options; 
 Dental options; 











Company paid life-insurance; 
401(k) plan with company matching contributions of 8%; 
Sick hours; 
Paid holidays; 
Flexible work schedules, including remote work arrangements; 
Tuition reimbursement that is not capped; 
Short and long-term disability; 
Family medical leave; 
Parental leave; 
Employee assistance program. 

Prior to COVID-19, approximately half of our employees participated in a work from home program that helps 
contribute to a flexible work-life balance and allows the Company to minimize the real estate rented at our home office. 
In response to the pandemic, we quickly transitioned all other employees to a work from home environment and have the 
capacity for 100% of our workforce to work in a remote setting. Our employees are not covered by any collective 
bargaining agreement.   

Our employees give both their time and their financial resources to charities of all types, and the company 
promotes corporate citizenship through charitable donations and company-sponsored volunteer activities. Safety is 
committed to making a positive impact on the communities where our employees live and work through our matching 
gift program, corporate giving and employee volunteerism.  We help employees amplify their community impact by 
providing our employees with a 1:1 match on their donations to recognized charitable organizations. The Safety 
Insurance Charitable Foundation was established in 2005 and has provided financial support for a wide array of charities 
in areas such as community service, education, job training, homelessness, arts/culture, food banks, youth programs, 
healthcare, medical research and disaster relief. 

The reputation of the Company depends on the conduct of its Board, officers, and employees.  Every employee 
who is associated with Safety must play a part in maintaining our corporate reputation for the highest ethical standards.  
Management considers our relationship with our employees to be strong. 

16 

Investments 

Investment income is an important source of revenue for us and the return on our investment portfolio has a 
material effect on our net earnings.  Our investment objective is to focus on maximizing total returns while investing 
conservatively.  We maintain a high-quality investment portfolio consistent with our established investment policy.  As 
of December 31, 2021, our portfolio of fixed maturity investments was comprised principally of investment grade 
corporate fixed maturity securities, U.S. government and agency securities, and asset-backed securities.  The portion of 
our non-investment grade portfolio of fixed maturity investments is primarily comprised of variable rate secured and 
senior bank loans and high yield bonds.  

According to our investment guidelines, no more than 2.0% of our portfolio may be invested in the securities of 

any one issuer (excluding U.S. government-backed securities).  In addition, no more than 0.5% of our portfolio may be 
invested in securities of any one issuer rated "Baa," or the lowest investment grade assigned by Moody's.  Of the less 
than 15.0% of our portfolio invested in senior bank loans and high yield bonds at December 31, 2021, no more than 
5.0% may be invested in the securities of any one issuer, no more than 10.0% may be invested in any issuers total 
outstanding debt issue, and a maximum of 10.0% may be invested in securities unrated or rated "B-" or below by 
Moody's.  We continually monitor the mix of taxable and tax-exempt securities in an attempt to maximize our total after-
tax return.  We utilize the services of third-party investment managers. 

We believe that the incorporation of material, non-financial factors into investment selection and risk 

management has the potential to enhance long-term investment returns. We incorporate Environmental, Social & 
Governance (“ESG”) factors managed for us by third-party investment managers. We measure our exposure to ESG 
risks at both individual asset classes and total portfolio levels. 

The following table reflects the composition of our investment portfolio as of December 31, 2021 and 2020. 

U.S. Treasury Securities
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
Residential mortgage-backed securities (1)
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
Other asset-backed securities
Corporate and other securities

Subtotal, fixed maturity securities
Short term investments
Equity securities (2)
Other invested assets (3)

As of December 31,

2021

2020

Estimated
Fair Value

% of
Portfolio

Estimated
Fair Value

% of
Portfolio

$

$

324
116,302
241,464
150,883
83,596
625,710

1,218,279
-
264,945
87,911
1,571,135

0.0 % $
7.4
15.4
9.6
5.3
39.8

77.5
-
16.9
5.6

100.0 % $

1,865
222,389
241,597
126,035
73,124
591,643

1,256,653
441
205,254
45,239
1,507,587

0.1 %

14.8
16.0
8.4
4.9
39.2

83.4
-
13.6
3.0
100.0 %

(1) Residential mortgage-backed securities consists primarily of obligations of U.S. Government agencies including collateralized mortgage 
obligations and mortgage-backed securities guaranteed and/or insured by the following issuers: Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA), 
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC), Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA) and the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB). 
(2) Equity securities include common stock, preferred stock, mutual funds and interests in mutual funds held to fund the Company's executive deferred 
compensation plan. 
(3) Other invested assets are accounted for under the equity method which approximates fair value. 

17 

The principal risks inherent in holding mortgage-backed securities and other pass-through securities are 
prepayment and extension risks, which affect the timing of when cash flows will be received.  When interest rates 
decline, mortgages underlying mortgage-backed securities tend to be prepaid more rapidly than anticipated, causing early 
repayments.  When interest rates rise, the underlying mortgages tend to be prepaid at a slower rate than anticipated, 
causing the principal repayments to be extended.  Although early prepayments may result in acceleration of income from 
recognition of any unamortized discount, the proceeds could be reinvested at a lower current yield, resulting in a net 
reduction of future investment income.  In addition, in the current market environment, such investments can also 
contain liquidity risks. 

The Company invests in bank loans which are primarily investments in senior secured floating rate loans that 

banks have made to corporations.  The loans are generally priced at an interest rate spread over the floating rate feature; 
this asset class provides protection against rising interest rates.  However, this asset class is subject to default risk since 
these investments are typically below investment grade. 

Equity risk is the risk that we will incur economic losses due to adverse changes in equity prices. Our exposure 

to changes in equity prices results from our holdings of common stock, preferred stock, mutual funds and interests in  
mutual funds held to fund the executive deferred compensation plan.  We continuously evaluate market conditions and 
we expect in the future to purchase additional equity securities. We principally manage equity price risk through industry 
and issuer diversification and asset allocation techniques.  

The following table reflects our investment results for each of the three-year period ended December 31, 2021, 

2020 and 2019. 

Average cash and invested securities (at cost)
Net investment income (1)
Net effective yield (2)

$
$

2021
1,466,133
44,135

3.0 %

Years Ended December 31,
2020
1,401,881
41,045

$
$

$
$

2.9 %

2019
1,365,830
46,665

3.4 %

(1) After investment expenses, excluding realized investment gains or losses.  
(2) Net investment income for the period divided by average invested securities and cash for the same period.  

As of December 31, 2021, our portfolio of fixed maturity investments was comprised principally of investment 

grade corporate fixed maturity securities, U.S. government and agency securities, and asset-backed securities.  The 
portion of our non-investment grade portfolio of fixed maturity investments is primarily comprised of variable rate 
secured, senior bank loans and high yield bonds.  

The composition of our fixed income security portfolio by rating is presented in the following table. 

U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. Government 
agencies
Aaa/Aa
A
Baa
Ba
B
Caa/Ca

Not rated
Total

As of December 31,

2021

Estimated
Fair Value

Percent

2020

Estimated
Fair Value

Percent

$

$

242,911
276,059
279,187
231,267
60,822
103,086
4,284

20,663
1,218,279

19.9 % $
22.7
22.9
19.0
5.0
8.5
0.4

1.6

100.0 % $

256,683
327,775
260,048
220,171
68,135
93,824
5,067

24,950
1,256,653

20.4 %
26.1
20.7
17.5
5.4
7.5
0.4

2.0
100.0 %

18 

Ratings are generally assigned upon the issuance of the securities and are subject to revision on the basis of 

ongoing evaluations. Ratings in the table are as of the date indicated. 

The Securities Valuation Office of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (the "SVO") evaluates 

all public and private bonds purchased as investments by insurance companies. The SVO assigns one of six investment 
categories to each security it reviews. Category 1 is the highest quality rating and Category 6 is the lowest. Categories 1 
and 2 are the equivalent of investment grade debt as defined by rating agencies such as Standard & Poor's Ratings 
Services and Moody's, while Categories 3-6 are the equivalent of below investment grade securities. SVO ratings are 
reviewed at least annually. At December 31, 2021, 64.1% of our available for sale fixed maturity investments were rated 
Category 1 and 17.9% were rated Category 2, the two highest ratings assigned by the SVO. 

The following table indicates the composition of our fixed income security portfolio (at carrying value) by time 

to maturity as of December 31, 2021. 

Due in one year or less
Due after one year through five years
Due after five years through ten years
Due after ten years through twenty years
Due after twenty years
Asset-backed securities (1)

Totals

As of December 31, 2021

Estimated
Fair Value

Percent

45,844
253,781
385,569
55,341
1,800
475,944
1,218,279

3.8 %
20.8
31.6
4.5
0.1
39.2
100.0 %

$

$

(1) Actual maturities of asset-backed securities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay 
obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.  Prepayment rates are influenced by a number of factors that cannot be predicted with 
certainty, including: the relative sensitivity of the underlying mortgages or other collateral to changes in interest rates; a variety of economic, 
geographic and other factors; and the repayment priority of the securities in the overall securitization structures. 

Ratings  

A.M. Best, which rates insurance companies based on factors of concern to policyholders, currently assigns the 

Company an "A (Excellent)" rating.  Our "A" rating was reaffirmed by A.M. Best on May 12, 2021.  Such rating is the 
third highest rating of 13 ratings that A.M. Best assigns to solvent insurance companies, which currently range from 
"A++ (Superior)" to "D (Poor)."  Publications of A.M. Best indicate that the "A" rating is assigned to those companies 
that in A.M. Best's opinion have an excellent ability to meet their ongoing obligations to policyholders over a long period 
of time. In evaluating a company's financial and operating performance, A.M. Best reviews the Company's profitability, 
leverage and liquidity, as well as its book of business, the adequacy and soundness of its reinsurance, the quality and 
estimated fair value of its assets, the adequacy of its loss reserves, the adequacy of its surplus, its capital structure, the 
experience and competence of its management and its market presence.  A.M. Best's ratings reflect its opinion of an 
insurance company's financial strength, operating performance and ability to meet its obligations to policyholders and 
are not evaluations directed to purchasers of an insurance company's securities. 

In assigning the Company’s rating, A.M. Best recognized its solid risk-adjusted capitalization, conservative 

operating strategy, and long-standing agency relationships. A.M. Best also noted among our positive attributes our 
favorable investment leverage, our disciplined underwriting approach, and our expertise in the closely managed 
Massachusetts automobile insurance market.  A.M. Best cited other factors that partially offset these positive attributes, 
including our concentration of business in the Massachusetts private passenger automobile market which exposes our 
business to regulatory actions. 

Introduction.  Our principal operations are conducted through the Insurance Subsidiaries which are subject to 

comprehensive regulation by state insurance departments, primarily through our domestic regulator, the Division, of 

Supervision and Regulation  

19 

which the Commissioner is the senior official.  The Commissioner is appointed by the Governor.  We are subject to the 
authority of the Commissioner in many areas of our business under Massachusetts law, including: 















our licenses to transact insurance;  

the rates and policy forms we may use;  

our financial condition including the adequacy of our reserves and provisions for unearned premium;  

the solvency standards that we must maintain;  

the type and size of investments we may make;  

the prescribed or permitted statutory accounting practices we must use; and  

the nature of the transactions we may engage in with our affiliates.  

In addition, the Commissioner periodically conducts financial and market conduct examinations of all licensees 

domiciled in Massachusetts.  Our most recent financial condition examination was for the five-year period ending 
December 31, 2018.  The Division had no material findings as a result of this examination.   

We are also required to be licensed by the insurance department in each state in which we do business, as well 
as to comply with the various laws and regulations of those jurisdictions, including those governing our use of rates and 
policy forms in those states. 

Insurance Holding Company Regulation.  Our principal operating subsidiaries are insurance companies, and 
therefore we are subject to certain laws in Massachusetts regulating insurance holding company systems.  These laws 
require that we file a registration statement with the Commissioner that discloses the identity, financial condition, capital 
structure and ownership of each entity within our corporate structure and any transactions among the members of our 
holding company system. In some instances, we must provide prior notice to the Commissioner for material transactions 
between our insurance company subsidiaries and other affiliates in our holding company system.  These holding 
company statutes also require, among other things, prior approval of the payment of extraordinary dividends or 
distributions and any acquisition of a domestic insurer and that we file an annual Enterprise Risk Management report 
with the Commissioner. 

Insurance Regulation Concerning Dividends.  We rely on dividends from the Insurance Subsidiaries for our 
cash requirements.  The insurance holding company law of Massachusetts requires notice to the Commissioner of any 
dividend to the shareholders of an insurance company.  The Insurance Subsidiaries may not make an "extraordinary 
dividend" until thirty days after the Commissioner has received notice of the intended dividend and has not objected in 
such time.  As historically administered by the Commissioner, this provision requires the prior approval by the 
Commissioner of an extraordinary dividend.  An extraordinary dividend is defined as any dividend or distribution that, 
together with other distributions made within the preceding twelve months exceeds the greater of 10.0% of the insurer's 
surplus as of the preceding December 31, or the insurer's net income for the twelve-month period ending the preceding 
December 31, in each case determined in accordance with statutory accounting practices. Under Massachusetts law, an 
insurer may pay cash dividends only from its unassigned funds, also known as its earned surplus, and the insurer's 
remaining surplus must be both reasonable in relation to its outstanding liabilities and adequate to its financial needs.  At 
December 31, 2021, the statutory surplus of Safety Insurance was $826,979 and its net income for 2021 was $97,169.  A 
maximum of $97,169 will be available during 2022 for such dividends without prior approval of the Commissioner. 

Acquisition of Control of a Massachusetts Domiciled Insurance Company.  Massachusetts law requires advance 

approval by the Commissioner of any change in control of an insurance company that is domiciled in Massachusetts.  
That law presumes that control exists where any person, directly or indirectly, owns, controls, holds the power to vote or 
holds proxies representing 10.0% or more of our outstanding voting stock.  Even persons who do not acquire beneficial 
ownership of more than 10.0% of the outstanding shares of our common stock may be deemed to have acquired control 
if the Commissioner determines that control exists in fact.  Any purchaser of shares of common stock representing 10.0% 
or more of the voting power of our capital stock will be presumed to have acquired control of the Insurance Subsidiaries 

20 

unless, following application by that purchaser the Commissioner determines that the acquisition does not constitute a 
change of control or is otherwise not subject to regulatory review.  These requirements may deter, delay or prevent 
transactions affecting the control of or the ownership of our common stock, including transactions that could be 
advantageous to our stockholders. 

Protection Against Insurer Insolvency.  Massachusetts law requires that insurers licensed to do business in 

Massachusetts participate in the Massachusetts Insurers Insolvency Fund ("Insolvency Fund").  The Insolvency Fund 
must pay any claim up to $300 of a policyholder of an insolvent insurer if the claim existed prior to the declaration of 
insolvency or arose within sixty days after the declaration of insolvency.  Members of the Insolvency Fund are assessed 
the amount the Insolvency Fund deems necessary to pay its obligations and expenses in connection with handling 
covered claims.  Subject to certain exceptions, assessments are made in the proportion that each member's net written 
premiums for the prior calendar year for all property and casualty lines bore to the corresponding net written premiums 
for Insolvency Fund members for the same period.  As a matter of Massachusetts law, insurance rates and premiums 
include amounts to recoup any amounts paid by insurers for the costs of the Insolvency Fund.  By statute, no insurer in 
Massachusetts may be assessed in any year an amount greater than two percent of that insurer's direct written premium 
for the calendar year prior to the assessment.  We account for allocations from the Insolvency Fund as underwriting 
expenses.  CAR also assesses its members as a result of insurer insolvencies.  Because CAR is not able to recover an 
insolvent company's share of the net CAR losses from the Insolvency Fund, CAR must increase each of its member's 
shares of the deficit in order to compensate for the insolvent carrier's inability to pay its deficit assessment.  It is 
anticipated that there will be future assessments from time to time relating to various insolvencies. 

The Insurance Regulatory Information System.  The Insurance Regulatory Information System ("IRIS") was 

developed to help state insurance regulators identify companies that may require special financial attention. IRIS consists 
of a statistical phase and an analytical phase whereby financial examiners review annual statements and financial ratios.  
The statistical phase consists of 13 key financial ratios based on year-end data that are generated annually from the 
database of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners ("NAIC").  Each ratio has an established "usual range" 
of results.  These ratios assist state insurance departments in executing their statutory mandate to oversee the financial 
condition of insurance companies. 

A ratio result falling outside the usual range of IRIS ratios is not considered a failing result; rather, unusual 

values are viewed as part of the regulatory early monitoring system. Furthermore, in some years, it may not be unusual 
for financially sound companies to have several ratios with results outside the usual ranges.  Generally, an insurance 
company will become subject to regulatory scrutiny if it falls outside the usual ranges of four or more of the ratios.  In 
2021, 2020, and 2019 all our ratios for all our Insurance Subsidiaries were within the normal range. 

Risk-Based Capital Requirements.  The NAIC has adopted a formula and model law to implement risk-based 
capital requirements for most property and casualty insurance companies, which are designed to determine minimum 
capital requirements and to raise the level of protection that statutory surplus provides for policyholder obligations.  The 
risk-based capital formula for property and casualty insurance companies measures three major areas of risk facing 
property and casualty insurers: 







underwriting, which encompasses the risk of adverse loss developments and inadequate pricing;  

declines in asset values arising from market and/or credit risk; and  

off-balance sheet risk arising from adverse experience from non-controlled assets, guarantees for affiliates 
or other contingent liabilities and reserve and premium growth.  

Under Massachusetts law, insurers having less total adjusted capital than that required by the risk-based capital 

calculation will be subject to varying degrees of regulatory action, depending on the level of capital inadequacy. 

The risk-based capital law provides for four levels of regulatory action. The extent of regulatory intervention 
and action increases as the level of total adjusted capital to risk-based capital falls.  The first level, the company action 

21 

level, as defined by the NAIC, requires an insurer to submit a plan of corrective actions to the Commissioner if total 
adjusted capital falls below 200% of the risk-based capital amount. The regulatory action level, as defined by the NAIC 
requires an insurer to submit a plan containing corrective actions and requires the Commissioner to perform an 
examination or other analysis and issue a corrective order if total adjusted capital falls below 150.0% of the risk-based 
capital amount. The authorized control level, as defined by the NAIC, authorizes the Commissioner to take whatever 
regulatory actions he or she considers necessary to protect the best interest of the policyholders and creditors of the 
insurer which may include the actions necessary to cause the insurer to be placed under regulatory control, 
i.e., rehabilitation or liquidation, if total adjusted capital falls below 100.0% of the risk-based capital amount. The fourth 
action level is the mandatory control level, as defined by the NAIC, which requires the Commissioner to place the 
insurer under regulatory control if total adjusted capital falls below 70.0% of the risk-based capital amount. 

The formulas have not been designed to differentiate among adequately capitalized companies that operate with 

higher levels of capital.  Therefore, it is inappropriate and ineffective to use the formulas to rate or to rank these 
companies.  At December 31, 2021, our Insurance Subsidiaries had total adjusted capital in excess of amounts requiring 
company or regulatory action at any prescribed risk-based capital action level. 

Own Risk Solvency Assessment.  On January 11, 2017, the Division adopted the National Association of 
Insurance Commissioners’ Own Risk Solvency Assessment (“ORSA”) Act requiring the Company to file its assessment 
on an annual basis.  ORSA is an internal process undertaken by an insurer or insurance group to assess the adequacy of 
its risk management and current and prospective solvency positions under normal and severe stress scenarios.  We have 
completed this filing for the 2021 period. 

Executive Officers and Directors 

The table below sets forth certain information concerning our directors and executive officers as of the date of 

this annual report. 

Name 
George M. Murphy  
Christopher T. Whitford
James D. Berry   
John P. Drago
Ann M. McKeown
Paul J. Narciso
Stephen A. Varga
Glenn R. Hiltpold
David F. Brussard
Frederic H. Lindeberg
Peter J. Manning 
Thalia M. Meehan
Mary C. Moran
___________________
(1) As of February 16, 2022

Position
President, Chief Executive Officer 

Age (1)
55 
39  Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary
62  Vice President - Underwriting
55  Vice President - Marketing  
54  Vice President - Insurance Operations
58  Vice President - Claims
54  Vice President - Management Information Systems 
51  Vice President - Actuarial Services
70  Chairman of the Board, Director
81  Director
83  Director
60 
66

Lead Independent Director
Director

Years
Employed
by Safety
33 
9 
39 
27 
32 
31 
29 
22 
-
-
-
-
-

George M. Murphy, CPCU, was appointed President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company effective 

April 1, 2016.  He previously was the Vice President of Marketing since October 1, 2005.  Mr. Murphy was appointed to 
the Board of Directors and to the Investment Committee in February 2016.  Mr. Murphy has been employed by the 
Insurance Subsidiaries for over 33 years. Mr. Murphy is also on the Board of Trustees of the Insurance Library 
Association of Boston.  

Christopher T. Whitford,  was appointed Chief Financial Officer, Vice President and Secretary of the Company 
on March 2, 2020.  Mr. Whitford, a Certified Public Accountant in Massachusetts,  has been employed by the Insurance 
Subsidiaries for over 9 years, previously serving as the Company’s Controller since 2012, and began his career at 
PricewaterhouseCoopers in 2005. Mr. Whitford serves on the Audit Committee of Guaranty Fund Management Services 
and also serves on the Audit Committee of the Massachusetts Property Insurance Underwriting Association (“FAIR 
Plan”).  

22 

James D. Berry, CPCU, was appointed Vice President of Underwriting of the Company in July 2015, and was 
named as Secretary of the Insurance Subsidiaries at that time. Prior to that, he served as the Vice President of Insurance 
Operations since October 2005.  Mr. Berry has been employed by the Insurance Subsidiaries for over 39 years and has 
directed the Company's Massachusetts Private Passenger line of business since 2001.  Mr. Berry is the Chairman of the 
Board of Directors of the FAIR Plan and previously served as the Chairman of that organizations Executive Committee. 
He has served on several committees of CAR including Market Review and Defaulted Brokers and also served on 
Computer Sciences Corporation Series II and Exceed advisory councils. He also serves on the Executive Committee of 
the In Control Family Foundation, and is the Chairman of that organization’s Finance Committee. 

John P. Drago was appointed Vice President of Marketing on February 1, 2016. Mr. Drago has been employed 

by the Insurance Subsidiaries for over 27 years and most recently served as Director of Marketing. 

Ann M. McKeown was appointed Vice President of Insurance Operations of the Company on July 1, 2015.  Ms. 

McKeown has been employed by the Insurance Subsidiaries for over 32 years wherein she has held management 
positions in the Underwriting, Information Technology, and Insurance Operations departments. Ms. McKeown has 
served on the MAIP Steering and Operations Committees of CAR.   

Paul J. Narciso was appointed Vice President of Claims of the Company on August 5, 2013.  Mr. Narciso has 

held various adjusting and claims management positions with the Company since 1990.  Mr. Narciso has 35 years of 
claim experience having worked at two national carriers prior to joining Safety.  He currently serves on the Governing 
Board of the Massachusetts Insurance Fraud Bureau and the Claims Subcommittee at Commonwealth Automobile 
Reinsurers.

Stephen A. Varga was appointed Vice President of Management Information Systems of the Company on 

August 6, 2014. Mr. Varga has held various information technology positions with the Company since 1992 and most 
recently served as Senior Director of MIS. 

Glenn R. Hiltpold was appointed Vice President of Actuarial Services of the Company on March 1, 2021. Mr. 

Hiltpold, a Fellow of the Casualty Actuarial Society, has held the Director of Actuarial Services position with the 
Company since 2004 and has been an employee of the Insurance Subsidiaries for 22 years. 

David F. Brussard was appointed Chairman of the Board in March 2004 and has served as a director of the 

Company since October 2001.  Mr. Brussard served as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company from June 
2001 until March 31, 2016. Mr. Brussard was also appointed Chairman of the Investment Committee on February 22, 
2017. 

Frederic H. Lindeberg has served as a director of the Company since August 2004.  Mr. Lindeberg has had a 

consulting practice providing taxation, management and investment counsel since 1991, focusing on finance, real estate, 
manufacturing and retail industries.  Mr. Lindeberg retired in 1991 as Partner-In-Charge of various KPMG tax offices, 
after 24 years of service where he provided both accounting and tax counsel to various clients. Mr. Lindeberg is an 
attorney and certified public accountant.  Mr. Lindeberg was formerly a director of Provident Senior Living Trust 
(PSLT) and TAL International (TAL) and formerly an adjunct professor at Penn State Graduate School of Business. Mr. 
Lindeberg qualifies as an “Audit Committee Financial Expert” as defined by the U.S. Securities and Exchange 
Commission rules. Mr. Lindeberg serves as a member of the Audit, Compensation and Nominating and Governance 
Committees. 

Peter J. Manning has served as a director of the Company since September 2003.  Mr. Manning retired in 2003, 

as Vice Chairman Strategic Business Development of FleetBoston Financial, after 32 years with FleetBoston Financial 
Corporation (formerly BankBoston) where he also held the positions of Comptroller and Executive Vice President and 
Chief Financial Officer.  Mr. Manning started his career with Coopers & Lybrand in 1962 prior to his 1972 employment 
with BankBoston. He is a former director of the Blue Hills Bank and a former director of Thermo Fisher Scientific and 
the Lahey Clinic. Mr. Manning qualifies as an “Audit Committee Financial Expert” as defined by the U.S. Securities and 

23 

Exchange Commission rules. Mr. Manning serves as Chairperson of the Audit Committee and serves as a member of the  
Compensation and Nominating and Governance Committees. 

Thalia M. Meehan was appointed Director of the Company on July 3, 2017 and Lead Independent Director on 

January 11, 2022. Ms. Meehan has also been appointed to serve as a member of the Audit Committee, the Investment 
Committee and the Nominating and Governance Committee, as well as Chairperson of the Compensation Committee of 
the Board. Ms. Meehan, a Chartered Financial Analyst, has over 30 years of experience in the investment sector.  Ms. 
Meehan retired from Putnam Investments in 2016 with 27 years of experience and most recently served as a Team 
Leader and Portfolio Manager at Putnam Investments. Ms. Meehan currently serves on the Board of Cambridge Bancorp 
where she is a member of the Trust and Risk Committees and also serves on Nominating and Finance Committees of the 
Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board and the Advisory Committee of the Board of Boston Women in Public 
Finance.     

Mary C. Moran was appointed Director of the Company on March 27, 2020. Ms. Moran has over 40 years of 
financial experience in both private industry as well as consulting. Ms. Moran began her career at KPMG, previously 
Peat Marwick, where she became a Senior Manager before serving as Senior Vice President of Finance and 
Administration for Boston Sand and Gravel Company from 1990 to 2001. Since 2002 she has served as CEO of MCM 
Financial Consulting, focusing on projects within in the banking, construction, higher education, manufacturing, not-for-
profit and professional services industries. Ms. Moran is currently a director of Care Dimensions where she serves on the 
finance and audit committee and is a former director and audit committee member of Danvers Bankcorp, the College of 
the Holy Cross and Catholic Memorial School. Ms. Moran graduated from Northeastern University with a M.B.A. and 
MS in Accounting and from the College of the Holy Cross with a degree in Economics.  Ms. Moran qualifies as an 
“Audit Committee Financial Expert” as defined by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission rules. Ms. Moran 
serves as Chairperson of the Nominating and Governance Committee and serves as a member of the Audit and 
Compensation Committees. 

The Company has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (“Code of Ethics”) that applies to all 

employees, including executive officers, and to directors. The Code of Ethics is available on the About Us, Investor 
Information page of the Company’s website at www.safetyinsurance.com. If the Company ever were to amend or waive 
any provision of its Code of Ethics that applies to the Company’s principal executive officer, principal financial officer, 
principal accounting officer or any person performing similar functions, the Company intends to satisfy its disclosure 
obligations, if any, with respect to any such waiver or amendment by posting such information on its website set forth 
above rather than by filing a Current Report on Form 8-K. 

ITEM 1A.    RISK FACTORS 

An investment in our common stock involves a number of risks. Any of the risks described below could result in 
a significant or material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition, and a corresponding decline 
in the market price of our common stock.

We operate in a heavily regulated industry and are subject to regulations and laws in various jurisdictions:  

We are subject to comprehensive government regulation and our ability to earn profits may be restricted by these 
regulations. 

General Regulation.   We are subject to regulation by the state insurance department of each state in which we 

do business.  In each jurisdiction, we must comply with various laws and regulations, including those involving: 



approval or filing of premium rates and policy forms;  

24 









limitation of the right to cancel or non-renew policies in some lines;  

requirements to participate in residual markets;  

licensing of insurers and agents; and 

regulation of the right to withdraw from markets or terminate involvement with agencies;  

We also are subject to enhanced regulation by our domestic regulator, the Division, from which we must obtain 
prior approval for certain corporate actions.  Among other things, we must comply with laws and regulations governing: 









transactions between an insurance company and any of its affiliates; 

the payment of dividends;  

the acquisition of an insurance company or of any company controlling an insurance company;  

solvency standards;  

 minimum amounts of capital and surplus which must be maintained;  









limitations on types and amounts of investments;  

restrictions on the size of risks which may be insured by a single company;  

deposits of securities for the benefit of policyholders; and  

reporting with respect to financial condition.  

In addition, insurance department examiners from Massachusetts perform periodic financial and market conduct 

examinations of insurance companies. Such regulation is generally intended for the protection of policyholders rather 
than security holders. 

Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Maine require that all licensed property and casualty insurers bear a portion 

of the losses suffered by some insureds as a result of impaired or insolvent insurance companies by participating in each 
state’s insolvency fund.  Members of the state’s insolvency fund are assessed a proportionate share of the obligations and 
expenses of the fund in connection with an insolvent insurer. These assessments are made by the fund to cover the cost 
of paying eligible claims of policyholders of these insolvent insurers.  Similarly, assessments are made by each state’s 
commercial automobile insurance residual market mechanism to recover the shares of net losses that would have been 
assessed to the insolvent companies but for their insolvencies. In addition, Massachusetts has established an underwriting 
association in order to ensure that property insurance is available for owners of high risk property who are not able to 
obtain insurance from private insurers. The losses of this underwriting association, the Massachusetts Property Insurance 
Underwriting Association, are shared by all insurers that write property and casualty insurance in Massachusetts. We are 
assessed from time to time to pay these losses. The effect of these assessments could reduce our profitability in any given 
period and limit our ability to grow our business. 

Because we are unable to predict with certainty changes in the political, economic or regulatory environments 

of the states in which we operate in the future, there can be no assurance that existing insurance-related laws and 
regulations will not become more restrictive in the future or that new restrictive laws will not be enacted and, therefore, it 
is not possible to predict the potential effects of these laws and regulations on us. 

There are anti-takeover provisions contained in our organizational documents and in laws of the State of Delaware 
and the Commonwealth of Massachusetts that could impede an attempt to replace or remove our management or 
prevent the sale of our company, which could diminish the value of our common stock. 

Our certificate of incorporation, bylaws and the laws of Delaware contain provisions that may delay, deter or 

prevent a takeover attempt that shareholders might consider in their best interests.  For example, our organizational 

25 

documents provide for a classified board of directors with staggered terms, prevent shareholders from taking action by 
written consent, prevent shareholders from calling a special meeting of shareholders, provide for supermajority voting 
requirements to amend our certificate of incorporation and certain provisions of our bylaws and provide for the filling of 
vacancies on our board of directors by the vote of a majority of the directors then in office. These provisions will render 
the removal of the incumbent board of directors or management more difficult. In addition, these provisions may prevent 
shareholders from receiving the benefit of any premium over the market price of our common stock offered by a bidder 
in a potential takeover. Even in the absence of a takeover attempt, the existence of these provisions may adversely affect 
the prevailing market price of our common stock if they are viewed as discouraging takeover attempts in the future. 

The Massachusetts insurance law prohibits any person from acquiring control of us, and thus indirect control of 
the Insurance Subsidiaries, without the prior approval of the Commissioner. That law presumes that control exists where 
any person, directly or indirectly, owns, controls, holds the power to vote or holds proxies representing 10.0% or more of 
our outstanding voting stock. Even persons who do not acquire beneficial ownership of more than 10.0% of the 
outstanding shares of our common stock may be deemed to have acquired such control if the Commissioner determines 
that such control exists in fact. Therefore, any person seeking to acquire a controlling interest in us would face regulatory 
obstacles which could delay, deter or prevent an acquisition that shareholders might consider in their best interests. 

Section 203 of the General Corporation Law of Delaware, the jurisdiction in which the Company is organized, 

may affect the ability of an "interested stockholder" to engage in certain business combinations including mergers, 
consolidations or acquisitions of additional shares, for a period of three years following the time that the stockholder 
becomes an interested stockholder. An interested stockholder is defined to include persons owning directly or indirectly 
15.0% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation. 

Our private passenger automobile business is concentrated in in New England: 

With a concentration of private passenger automobile insurance, our business may be adversely affected by 
conditions in this industry. 

Approximately 53.6% of our direct written premiums for the year ended December 31, 2021, were generated 

from private passenger automobile insurance policies. As a result of our focus on that line of business, negative 
developments in the economic, competitive or regulatory conditions affecting the private passenger automobile insurance 
industry could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. In addition, these 
developments would have a disproportionate effect on us, compared to insurers which conduct operations in multiple 
business lines. 

Because we write insurance principally in Massachusetts, our business may be adversely affected by conditions in 
Massachusetts, including the impact of additional competitors. 

Almost all of our direct written premiums are currently generated in Massachusetts. Our revenues and 
profitability are therefore subject to prevailing regulatory, economic, demographic, competitive and other conditions in 
Massachusetts. Changes in any of these conditions could make it more costly or difficult for us to conduct our business. 
The Massachusetts market has seen an increased level of competition, particularly in the private passenger automobile 
insurance line, due to prior changes in regulatory conditions.  To date, we have not had a significant decrease in our 
private passenger automobile insurance business. However, further competition and adverse results could include loss of 
market share, decreased revenue, and/or increased costs. 

26 

As writers of property insurance, our Insurance Subsidiaries are exposed to potential losses related to severe 
weather:   

We have exposure to claims related to severe weather conditions, which may result in an increase in claims frequency 
and severity. 

We are subject to claims arising out of severe weather conditions, such as rainstorms, snowstorms and 

icestorms, that may have a significant effect on our results of operations and financial condition. The incidence and 
severity of weather conditions are inherently unpredictable. There is generally an increase in claims frequency and 
severity under the private passenger automobile insurance we write when severe weather occurs because a higher 
incidence of vehicular accidents and other insured losses tend to occur as a result of severe weather conditions. In 
addition, we have exposure to an increase in claims frequency and severity under the homeowners and other property 
insurance we write because property damage may result from severe weather conditions. 

Because some of our insureds live near the Massachusetts coastline, we also have a potential exposure to losses 

from hurricanes and major coastal storms such as Nor'easters.  Although we purchase catastrophe reinsurance to limit 
our exposure to natural catastrophes, in the event of a major catastrophe resulting in property losses to us in excess of 
$665,000 our losses would exceed the limits of this reinsurance in addition to losses from our co-participation retention 
of a portion of the risk up to $665,000. 

Climate change and increasing climate change regulation may adversely impact our results of operations. 

There are concerns that the increase in weather-related catastrophes and other losses incurred by the industry in 
recent years may be indicative of changing weather patterns. This change in weather patterns could lead to higher overall 
losses and higher reinsurance costs. Changes in climate conditions may also cause our underlying modeling data to not 
adequately reflect frequency and severity, limiting our ability to effectively evaluate and manage risks of catastrophes 
and severe weather events. Among other impacts, this could result in not charging enough premiums or not obtaining 
timely state approvals for rate increases to cover the risks we insure.  Climate change could also have an impact on 
issuers of securities in which we invest, resulting in realized and unrealized losses in future periods which could have a 
material adverse impact on our results of operations and/or financial position. 

We are also subject to complex and changing laws and regulations relating to climate change which are difficult 

to predict and quantify and may have an adverse impact on our business. Changes in regulations relating to climate 
change or our own management decisions implemented as a result of assessing the impact of climate change on our 
business may result in an increase in the cost of doing business.  

We operate in the highly competitive property and casualty insurance industry: 

If we are not able to attract and retain independent agents, it could adversely affect our business. 

We market our insurance solely through independent agents. We must compete with other insurance carriers for 
the business of independent agents. Some of our competitors offer a larger variety of products, lower prices for insurance 
coverage or higher commissions. While we believe that the commissions and services we provide to our agents are 
competitive with other insurers, changes in commissions, services or products offered by our competitors could make it 
harder for us to attract and retain independent agents to sell our insurance products. 

Established competitors with greater resources may make it difficult for us to market our products effectively and 
offer our products at a profit. 

The property and casualty insurance business is highly competitive and many of our competitors have 
substantially greater financial and other resources than we do. We compete with both large national writers and smaller 
regional companies. Further, our competitors include other companies which, like us, serve the independent agency 

27 

market, as well as companies which sell insurance directly to customers. Direct writers may have certain competitive 
advantages over agency writers, including increased name recognition, loyalty of the customer base to the insurer rather 
than to an independent agency and, potentially, lower cost structures. A material reduction in the amount of business 
independent agents sell would directly and negatively affect our profitability and our ability to compete with insurers that 
do not rely solely on the independent agency market to sell their products. Further, our Company and others compete on 
the basis of the commissions and other cash and non-cash incentives provided to agents. Although a number of national 
insurers that are much larger than we are do not currently compete in a material way in the Massachusetts personal auto 
market, if one or more of these companies decided to aggressively enter the market it could reduce our share of the 
Massachusetts market and thereby have a material adverse effect on us. These companies include some that would be 
able to sustain significant losses in order to acquire market share, as well as others which use distribution methods that 
compete with the independent agent channel. Progressive Corporation, GEICO and Allstate, large insurers that market 
directly to policyholders rather than through agents, along with other carriers have entered the Massachusetts private 
passenger automobile insurance market.  

We may enter new markets and there can be no assurance that our diversification strategy will be effective. 

Although we intend to concentrate on our core businesses in Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Maine, we 

also may seek to take advantage of prudent opportunities to expand our core businesses into other states where we 
believe the independent agent distribution channel is strong. As a result of a number of factors, including the difficulties 
of finding appropriate expansion opportunities and the challenges of operating in an unfamiliar market, we may not be 
successful in this diversification. Additionally, in order to carry out any such strategy we would need to obtain the 
appropriate licenses from the insurance regulatory authority of any such state. 

The success of our business is subject to operational risks: 

We may not be able to successfully alleviate risk through reinsurance arrangements which could cause us to reduce 
our premiums written in certain lines or could result in losses. 

In order to reduce risk, to increase our underwriting capacity, and mitigate the volatility of losses on our 

financial condition and operations, we purchase reinsurance. The availability and the cost of reinsurance protection are 
subject to market conditions, which are outside of our control. As a result, we may not be able to successfully alleviate 
risk through these arrangements. For example, if reinsurance capacity for homeowner's risks were reduced as a result of 
terrorist attacks, climate change or other causes, we might seek to reduce the amount of homeowners business we write.  
As a result, the Company may not be able to successfully purchase reinsurance and transfer a portion of the Company’s 
risk through reinsurance arrangements. In addition, we are subject to credit risk with respect to our reinsurance because 
the ceding of risk to reinsurers does not relieve us of our liability to our policyholders. A significant reinsurer's 
insolvency or inability to make payments under the terms of a reinsurance treaty could have a material adverse effect on 
our results of operations and financial condition. 

As a holding company, Safety Insurance Group, Inc. is dependent on the results of operations of the Safety Insurance 
Company. 

Safety Insurance Group, Inc. is a company and a legal entity separate and distinct from Safety Insurance 
Company, our principal operating subsidiary. As a holding company without significant operations of its own, the 
principal sources of Safety Insurance Group, Inc.'s funds are dividends and other distributions from Safety Insurance 
Company. Our rights to participate in any distribution of assets of Safety Insurance Company are subject to prior claims 
of policyholders, creditors and preferred shareholders, if any, of Safety Insurance Company (except to the extent that our 
rights, if any, as a creditor are recognized). Consequently, our ability to pay debts, expenses and cash dividends to our 
shareholders may be limited. The ability of Safety Insurance Company to pay dividends is subject to limits under 
Massachusetts insurance law. Further, the ability of Safety Insurance Group, Inc. to pay dividends, and our subsidiaries' 
ability to incur indebtedness or to use the proceeds of equity offerings, will be subject to limits under our revolving credit 
facility. 

28 

Our failure to maintain a commercially acceptable financial strength rating would significantly and negatively affect 
our ability to implement our business strategy successfully. 

A.M. Best has currently assigned Safety Insurance an "A (Excellent)" rating. An "A" rating is A.M. Best's third 

highest rating, out of 13 possible rating classifications for solvent companies. An "A" rating is assigned to insurers that 
in A.M. Best's opinion have an excellent ability to meet their ongoing obligations to policyholders. Moreover, an "A" 
rating is assigned to companies that have, on balance, excellent balance sheet strength, operating performance and 
business profile when compared to the standards established by A.M. Best. A.M. Best bases its ratings on factors that 
concern policyholders and not upon factors concerning investor protection. Such ratings are subject to change and are not 
recommendations to buy, sell, or hold securities. An important factor in an insurer's ability to compete effectively is 
its A.M. Best rating. Our A.M. Best rating is lower than those of some of our competitors. Any future decrease in our 
rating could affect our competitive position. 

Our losses and loss adjustment expenses may exceed our reserves, which could significantly affect our business. 

The reserves for losses and loss adjustment expenses that we have established are estimates of amounts needed 
to pay reported and unreported claims and related expenses based on facts and circumstances known to us as of the time 
we established the reserves. Reserves are based on historical claims information, industry statistics and other factors. The 
establishment of appropriate reserves is an inherently uncertain process. If our reserves are inadequate and are 
strengthened, we would have to treat the amount of such increase as a charge to our earnings in the period that the 
deficiency is recognized. As a result of these factors, there can be no assurance that our ultimate liability will not 
materially exceed our reserves and have a negative effect on our results of operations and financial condition. 

Due to the inherent uncertainty of estimating reserves, it has been necessary, and may over time continue to be 

necessary, to revise estimated future liabilities as reflected in our reserves for claims and policy expenses. The historic 
development of reserves for losses and loss adjustment expenses may not necessarily reflect future trends in the 
development of these amounts. Accordingly, it is not appropriate to extrapolate redundancies or deficiencies based on 
historical information. 

If we lose key personnel, our ability to implement our business strategy could be delayed or hindered. 

The loss of key personnel could prevent us from fully implementing our business strategy and could 
significantly and negatively affect our financial condition and results of operations. As we continue to grow, we will 
need to recruit and retain additional qualified management personnel, and our ability to do so will depend upon a number 
of factors, such as our results of operations and prospects and the level of competition then prevailing in the market for 
qualified personnel. 

Future sales of shares of our common stock by our existing shareholders in the public market, or the possibility or 
perception of such future sales, could adversely affect the market price of our stock. 

Investors currently known to be the beneficial owners of greater than 5.0% of our outstanding common stock 

hold approximately 41.5% of the common stock of Safety Insurance Group, Inc. on a fully diluted basis.  No prediction 
can be made as to the effect, if any, that future sales of shares by our existing shareholders, or the availability of shares 
for future sale, will have on the prevailing market price of our common stock from time to time.  Sales of substantial 
amounts of our common stock in the public market by our existing shareholders, or the possibility or perception that 
such sales could occur, could cause the prevailing market prices for our common stock to decrease. If such sales reduce 
the market price of our common stock, our ability to raise additional capital in the equity markets may be adversely 
affected. 

29 

A proxy contest with an activist shareholder could cause us to incur significant costs, divert management’s attention 
and resources, and have an adverse effect on our business 

Activist shareholders, for example in our current ongoing engagement, may engage in proxy solicitations, 

advance shareholder proposals or director nominations or otherwise attempt to affect changes or acquire control over us.  
Responding to these actions can be costly and time-consuming and divert the attention of our Board and management 
from the management of our operations and the pursuit of our business strategies, particularly if such activist 
shareholders advocate for actions that are not supported by other shareholders, our Board or management.  In addition, 
perceived uncertainties as to our future direction may result in the loss of potential business opportunities, damage to our 
reputation and may make it more difficult to attract and retain qualified directors, personnel and business partners. These 
actions could also cause our stock price to experience periods of volatility. 

We are subject to technology, cybersecurity and privacy risks: 

Our business depends on the uninterrupted operation of our systems and business functions, including our 
information technology, telecommunications and other business systems. Our business continuity and disaster 
recovery plans may not sufficiently address all contingencies. 

Our business is highly dependent upon our ability to execute, in an efficient and uninterrupted fashion, 
necessary business functions, such as processing new and renewal business, providing customer service, and processing 
and paying claims. A shut-down of or inability to access our facility, a power outage, or a failure of one or more of our 
information technology, telecommunications or other systems could significantly impair our ability to perform such 
functions on a timely basis. If sustained or repeated, such a business interruption, systems failure or service denial could 
result in a deterioration in the level of service we provide to our agents and policyholders. We have established a 
business continuity plan in an effort to ensure the continuation of core business operations in the event that normal 
business operations could not be performed due to a catastrophic event. While we continue to test and assess our 
business continuity plan to ensure it meets the needs of our core business operations and addresses multiple business 
interruption events, there is no assurance that core business operations could be performed upon the occurrence of such 
an event, which may result in a material adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations. 

We outsource certain business and administrative functions to third parties and may do so increasingly in the 

future.  If we fail to develop and implement our outsourcing strategies or our third-party providers fail to perform as 
anticipated, we may experience operational difficulties, increased costs and a loss of business that may have a material 
adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition. 

Our business could be materially and adversely affected by a security breach or other attack involving our computer 
systems or the systems of one or more of our agents and vendors. 

Our highly automated and networked organization is subject to cyber-terrorism and a variety of other cyber-
security threats. These threats come in a variety of forms, such as viruses and malicious software. Such threats can be 
difficult to prevent or detect, and if experienced, could interrupt or damage our operations, harm our reputation or have a 
material effect on our operations. Our technology and telecommunications systems are highly integrated and connected 
with other networks. Cyber-attacks involving these systems could be carried out remotely and from multiple sources and 
could interrupt, damage or otherwise adversely affect the operations of these critical systems. Cyber-attacks could result 
in the modification or theft of data, the distribution of false information or the denial of service to users. The risks of 
cyber-attacks could be exacerbated by geopolitical tensions, including hostile actions taken by nation-states and terrorist 
organizations. We obtain, utilize and maintain data concerning individuals and organizations with which we have a 
business relationship. Threats to data security can emerge from a variety of sources and change in rapid fashion, resulting 
in the ongoing need to expend resources to secure our data in accordance with customer expectations and statutory and 
regulatory requirements.  

Our businesses must comply with regulations to control the privacy of customer, employee and third-party data, 

and state, federal and international regulations regarding data privacy, are becoming increasingly more onerous. A 

30 

misuse or mishandling of confidential or proprietary information could result in legal liability, regulatory action and 
reputational harm.  We could be subject to liability if confidential customer information is misappropriated from our 
technology systems. Despite the implementation of security measures, these systems may be vulnerable to physical 
break-ins, computer viruses, programming errors, attacks by third parties or similar disruptive problems. Any well-
publicized compromise of security could deter people from entering into transactions that involve transmitting 
confidential information to our systems, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and reputation. We 
rely on services and products provided by many vendors. In the event that one or more of our vendors fails to protect 
personal information of our customers, claimants or employees, we may incur operational impairments, or could be 
exposed to litigation, compliance costs or reputational damage.  We maintain cyber-liability insurance coverage to offset 
certain potential losses, subject to policy limits, such as liability to others, costs of related crisis management, data 
extortion, applicable forensics and certain regulatory defense costs, fines and penalties. 

While, to date, we are not aware of having experienced a material breach of our cyber security systems, 

administrative, internal accounting and technical controls as well as other preventive actions may be insufficient to 
prevent physical and electronic break-ins, denial of service, cyber-attacks, business email compromises, ransomware or 
other security breaches to our systems or those of third parties with whom we do business. 

We believe that we have established and implemented appropriate security measures to provide reasonable 

assurance that our information technology systems are secure and appropriate controls and procedures to enable us to 
identify and respond to unauthorized access to such systems.  While we have not experienced material cyber-incidents to 
date, the occurrence and effects of cyber-incidents may remain undetected for an extended period. We periodically 
engage third parties to evaluate and test the adequacy of our security measures, controls and procedures. Despite these 
security measures, controls and procedures, disruptions to and breaches of our information technology systems are 
possible.  

The impact of COVID-19 and the related risks could have a material impact on our results of operations: 

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared a worldwide pandemic regarding the outbreak of 
COVID-19. The pandemic has affected the states where we operate causing significant economic effects including 
temporary closures of many businesses and reduced consumer activity due to shelter-in-place, stay-at-home and other 
governmental regulations.  

Our premium revenues could be adversely impacted from the economic consequences as consumer behaviors 

change due to self-isolation, travel limitations and restrictions on non-essential businesses. Furthermore, these 
restrictions could impair our independent agents’ ability to sell our products and serve our policyholders, which could 
result in significant declines in premium revenues. 

The COVID-19 pandemic could also have a material impact on losses and loss adjustment expenses. Risks to 

our business include legislation or court decisions that extend business interruption coverage for COVID-19 when there 
was no direct physical damage or loss to property. These actions would extend coverage beyond the terms and conditions 
we intended for those policies, meaning we would be forced to pay claims when no coverage was contemplated and for 
which no premium was collected. These amounts could have a material, adverse impact on our business, financial 
condition, results of operations or cash flows. There is also the potential of significant litigation brought by 
policyholders, including but not limited to, class action lawsuits. As discussed in Note 8 – Commitments and 
Contingencies, the Company has been named in a lawsuit alleging that the Company improperly denied coverage to 
commercial insureds for loss of business income resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. Frequency and severity could 
also increase with respect to our auto and property coverages due to, among other things, changes in business practices 
and individual behaviors resulting from the stay-at-home and social distancing measures. 

The COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to volatility in the financial markets. In the event that these 
conditions recur or result in a prolonged economic downturn, they could adversely impact our financial condition, results 
of operations or cash flows. Such adverse impacts may be material. 

31 

We invest in securities which are subject to market risk:  

Market fluctuations and changes in interest rates can have significant and negative effects on our investment 
portfolio. 

Our results of operations depend in part on the performance of our invested assets. As of December 31, 2021, 
based upon fair value measurement, 77.5% of our investment portfolio was invested in fixed maturity securities, 16.9% 
in equity securities and 5.6% in other invested assets. Certain risks are inherent in connection with debt securities 
including loss upon default and price volatility in reaction to changes in interest rates and general market factors. 

We have a significant investment portfolio and adverse capital market conditions, including but not limited to 

volatility and credit spread changes, will impact the liquidity and value of our investments, potentially resulting in higher 
realized or unrealized losses. Values of our investments can also be impacted by reductions in price transparency and 
changes in investor confidence and preferences, potentially resulting in higher realized or unrealized losses. If the 
carrying value of our investments exceeds the fair value, and the decline in fair value is deemed to be other-than-
temporary, we will be required to write down the value of our investments, which could materially harm our results of 
operations and financial condition. 

ITEM 1B.    UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS 

As of the date of this report, the Company had no unresolved comments from the Commission staff regarding 

its periodic or current reports under the Exchange Act. 

ITEM 2.    PROPERTIES  

We conduct most of our operations in approximately 72 thousand square feet of leased space at 20 Custom 

House Street in downtown Boston, Massachusetts.  Our lease will expire on December 31, 2028.  This real estate space 
was remodeled in 2018 and included capital expenditures to update lighting as well as heating, ventilation and air 
condition systems with state of the art and environmentally focused technologies.   

ITEM 3.    LEGAL PROCEEDINGS  

Our Insurance Subsidiaries are parties to a number of lawsuits arising in the ordinary course of their insurance 

business.  We believe that the ultimate resolution of these lawsuits will not, individually or in the aggregate, have a 
material adverse effect on our financial condition. 

Safety Insurance has been named in a lawsuit alleging that the Company improperly denied coverage to 

commercial insureds for loss of business income resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. Our business owner policies 
serve eligible small and medium sized commercial accounts including but not limited to apartments and condominiums; 
mercantile establishments; limited cooking restaurants; offices; and special trade contractors. The majority of these 
business owner policies do not contain a specific exclusion for viruses. However, as viruses do not produce direct 
physical damage or loss to property, our position is that no coverage exists for this peril. As a result, the Company 
accrued a reserve of $6,500 for legal defense costs in 2020. This amount is still accrued as of December 31, 2021.  

On October 19, 2021, the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts (the “Court”) unanimously ruled that 

property and casualty insurers must compensate third-party claimants under property damage coverage, part 4 of the 
standard Massachusetts automobile insurance policy, 2008 edition (standard policy), for the inherent diminished value 
(“IDV”) that occurs when their vehicles are damaged in a crash. This ruling overturned a previous decision by the 
Massachusetts Superior Court, which found that a Massachusetts auto insurance policy did not provide property damage 
coverage for inherent diminished value damages for third-party claimants. The Court placed the burden of proof on the 
individual claimant by explicitly specifying that the claimant must establish that the vehicle has suffered IDV damages 

32 

and also the amount of IDV damages at issue. The Court further ruled that an insurer’s previous denial of coverage for 
such damages could not serve as the basis for a claim of unfair business practices. Based on the Court’s rulings, at this 
time the Company does not expect any claims for IDV damages to be material, and therefore has not accrued for a 
specific loss contingency 

ITEM 4.   MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES  

Not Applicable

33 

PART II. 

ITEM 5.    MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS 
AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES 

As of February 10, 2022, there were 21 holders of record of the Company's common stock, par value $0.01 per 

share, and we estimate another 17,435 held in "Street Name." 

The closing price of the Company's common stock on February 10, 2022 was $85.53 per share. The Company’s 

common stock trades on the NASDAQ stock exchange under the symbol SAFT. 

During 2021 and 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors declared four quarterly cash dividends to 

shareholders, which were paid and accrued in the amounts of $53,996 and $54,735, respectively.  On February 15, 2022, 
the Company's Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.90 per share to shareholders of record on 
March 1, 2022 payable on March 15, 2022. The Company plans to continue to declare and pay quarterly cash dividends 
in 2022, depending on the Company's financial position and the regularity of its cash flows. 

The Company relies on dividends from its Insurance Subsidiaries for a portion of its cash requirements. The 

payment by the Company of any cash dividends to the holders of common stock therefore depends on the receipt of 
dividend payments from its Insurance Subsidiaries. The payment of dividends by the Insurance Subsidiaries is subject to 
limitations imposed by Massachusetts law, as discussed in Item 1—Business, Supervision and Regulation, Insurance 
Regulation Concerning Dividends, and also in Item 7—Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition 
and Results of Operations, Liquidity and Capital Resources. 

The information called for by Item 201 (d) of Regulation S-K regarding securities authorized for issuance under 
equity compensation plans will be contained in the Company's Proxy Statement for its Annual Meeting of Shareholders,  
which the Company intends to file with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after 
December 31, 2021 (the Company's fiscal year end), and such information is incorporated herein by reference. 

For information regarding our share repurchase program, refer to Item 8—Financial Statements and 

Supplementary Data, Note 14, Share Repurchase Program, of this Form 10-K. 

COMMON STOCK PERFORMANCE GRAPH 

Set forth below is a line graph comparing the dollar change in the cumulative total shareholder return on the 

Company's Common Stock, for the period beginning on December 31, 2016 and ending on December 31, 2021 with the 
cumulative total return of the NASDAQ Stock Market Index and a peer group comprised of seven selected property & 
casualty insurance companies over the same period. The peer group consists of Donegal Group, Inc., Erie Indemnity 
Company, Horace Mann Educators Corporation, The Hanover Insurance Group, Inc., Mercury General Corp., Selective 
Insurance Group, Inc., and United Fire Group. Note that this peer group has changed from prior years due to acquisition 
activity. The graph shows the change in value of an initial one hundred dollar investment over the period indicated, 
assuming re-investment of all dividends.

34 

Comparative Cumulative Total Returns since December 31, 2016 Among 
Safety Insurance Group, Inc., 
Property & Casualty Insurance Peer Group and the NASDAQ Stock Market Index  

The foregoing performance graph and data shall not be deemed "filed" as part of this Form 10-K for purposes of 
Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section and should not be 
deemed incorporated by reference into any other filing of the Company under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities 
Exchange Act of 1934, except to the extent the Company specifically incorporates it by reference into such filing. 

35 

ITEM 6.    [RESERVED] 

ITEM 7.  MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF 

OPERATIONS 

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our accompanying consolidated financial 

statements and notes thereto, which appear elsewhere in this document. In this discussion, all dollar amounts are 
presented in thousands, except share and per share data.

The following discussion contains forward-looking statements.  We intend statements which are not historical in 

nature to be, and are hereby identified as “forward-looking statements” to be covered by the safe harbor provisions of 
the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. In addition, the Company’s senior management may make forward-
looking statements orally to analysts, investors, the media and others.  This safe harbor requires that we specify 
important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in forward-looking statements 
made by or on behalf of us. We cannot promise that our expectations in such forward-looking statements will turn out to 
be correct. Our actual results could be materially different from and worse than our expectations. See “Forward-
Looking Statements” below for specific important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those 
contained in forward-looking statements.

Executive Summary and Overview

In this discussion, “Safety” refers to Safety Insurance Group, Inc. and “our Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” 

refer to Safety Insurance Group, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. Our subsidiaries consist of Safety Insurance 
Company (“Safety Insurance”), Safety Indemnity Insurance Company (“Safety Indemnity”), Safety Property and 
Casualty Insurance Company (“Safety P&C”), Safety Northeast Insurance Company (“Safety Northeast”), Safety Asset 
Management Corporation (“SAMC”), and Safety Management Corporation, which is SAMC’s holding company. 

We are a leading provider of private passenger automobile (53.6% of our direct written premiums in 2021), 

commercial automobile, (16.2% of 2021 direct written premiums), and homeowners (24.9% of 2021 direct written 
premiums) insurance.  In addition to these coverages, we offer a portfolio of other insurance products, including dwelling 
fire, umbrella and business owner policies (totaling 5.3% of 2021 direct written premiums).  Operating exclusively in 
Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Maine through our insurance company subsidiaries, Safety Insurance, Safety 
Indemnity, Safety P&C, and Safety Northeast (together referred to as the “Insurance Subsidiaries”), we have established 
strong relationships with independent insurance agents, who numbered 856 in 1,088 locations throughout these three 
states during 2021. We have used these relationships and our extensive knowledge of the market to become the fourth 
largest private passenger automobile carrier and the second largest commercial automobile carrier in Massachusetts, 
capturing an approximate 7.9% and 12.0% share, respectively, of the Massachusetts private passenger and commercial 
automobile markets in 2021, according to statistics compiled by CAR based on automobile exposures.  We are the third 
largest homeowners insurance carrier in Massachusetts, with a market share of 6.8% in 2020. Our principal competitors 
within the Massachusetts homeowners insurance market are MAPFRE SA, Liberty Mutual Insurance and The Andover 
Companies, which held 12.5%, 9.1% and 6.2% market shares respectively in 2020 (according to S&P Global Market 
Intelligence). 

Our Insurance Subsidiaries began writing insurance in New Hampshire during 2008 and Maine in 2016.  In 

November 2020, we formed a fourth insurance subsidiary, Safety Northeast, which became licensed to write insurance 
products in Massachusetts in January of 2021.  The table below shows the amount of direct written premiums in each 
state during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019.  

36 

Direct Written Premiums 
Massachusetts
New Hampshire

Maine

Total

Recent Trends and Events 

Years Ended December 31, 

2021 

2020 

2019 

765,007
 34,261

2,871
802,139

$

$

764,479
32,334

1,899
798,712

$

$

819,534
31,676

1,194
852,404

$

$

Beginning in March 2020, the global pandemic associated with the novel coronavirus COVID-19 (“COVID-

19”) and related economic conditions caused significant economic effects including temporary closures of many 
businesses and reduced consumer activity due to shelter-in-place, stay-at-home and other governmental actions. The 
Company has continued to take many actions that address the health and well-being of our employees while still serving 
the needs of our agents and insureds. 

There are many uncertainties with respect to COVID-19. For further discussion regarding the potential impacts 

of COVID-19 and related economic conditions on the Company, see "Part I—Item 1A—Risk Factors." These risks 
include legal challenges or legislative actions that extend business interruption coverage outside of our policy terms for 
business owner policies, which require direct physical loss or damage to property. As discussed in Note 8 – 
Commitments and Contingencies, the Company has been named in a lawsuit alleging that the Company improperly 
denied coverage to commercial insureds for loss of business income resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. Our 
business owner policies serve eligible small and medium sized commercial accounts including but not limited to 
apartments and condominiums; mercantile establishments; limited cooking restaurants; offices; and special trade 
contractors. The majority of these business owner policies do not contain a specific exclusion for viruses. However, as 
viruses do not produce direct physical damage or loss to property, our position is that no coverage exists for this peril. As 
result, the Company accrued a reserve of $6,500 for legal defense costs in 2020. This amount is still accrued as of 
December 31, 2021. While we continue to evaluate each claim based on the specific facts and circumstances involved, 
our business owner policies do not provide coverage for business interruption claims unless there is direct physical 
damage or loss to property. 

Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses.  Losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred for the year ended 

December 31, 2021 increased by $57,171, or 14.1%, to $461,727 from $404,556 for the comparable 2020 period. The 
2020 losses and loss adjustment expenses reflected a decrease in frequency, primarily in our private passenger 
automobile line of business as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. 

Loss, expense, and combined ratios calculated under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for the 

quarter ended December 31, 2021 were 62.7%, 33.7%, and 96.4%, respectively, compared to 48.8%, 36.3%, and 85.1%, 
respectively, for the comparable 2020 period. Loss, expense, and combined ratios calculated under U.S. generally 
accepted accounting principles for the year ended December 31, 2021 were 59.6%, 33.4%, and 93.0%, respectively, 
compared to 52.5%, 34.6%, and 87.1%, respectively, for the comparable 2020 period. The 2021 decrease in the expense 
ratios in both periods is driven by a decrease in contingent commission expense. 

We define a “catastrophe” as an event that produces pre-tax losses before reinsurance in excess of $1,000 and 

involves multiple first-party policyholders, or an event that produces a number of claims in excess of a preset, per-event 
threshold of average claims in a specific area, occurring within a certain amount of time following the event.  
Catastrophes are caused by various natural events including high winds, winter storms, tornadoes, hailstorms, and 
hurricanes.  The nature and level of catastrophes in any period cannot be reliably predicted.   

Catastrophe losses incurred by the type of event are shown in the following table.  

37 

Event
Windstorms and hailstorms

Total losses incurred (1)

Years Ended December 31,

2021

2020

2019

$
$

11,677
11,677

$
$

7,291
7,291

$
$

5,123
5,123

(1)  Total losses incurred include losses plus defense and cost containment expenses and excludes adjusting and other claims settlement expenses.   

The following rate changes have been filed and approved by the insurance regulators of Massachusetts and New 

Hampshire in 2021 and 2020. Our Massachusetts private passenger automobile rates include a 13% commission rate for 
agents. 

New Hampshire Homeowner
Massachusetts Homeowner
Massachusetts Private Passenger Automobile

Line of Business

Statutory Accounting Principles 

Effective Date
May 1, 2021
April 1, 2021
May 1, 2020

Rate Change
2.9%
1.8%
-0.6%

Our results are reported in accordance with GAAP, which differ from amounts reported in accordance with 
statutory accounting principles ("SAP") as prescribed by insurance regulatory authorities, which in general reflect a 
liquidating, rather than going concern concept of accounting.  Specifically, under GAAP:  





Policy acquisition costs such as commissions, premium taxes and other variable costs incurred which are 
directly related to the successful acquisition of a new or renewal insurance contract are capitalized and 
amortized on a pro rata basis over the period in which the related premiums are earned, rather than expensed as 
incurred, as required by SAP.  

Certain assets are included in the consolidated balance sheets whereas, under SAP, such assets are designated as 
"nonadmitted assets," and charged directly against statutory surplus. These assets consist primarily of premium 
receivables that are outstanding over ninety days, federal deferred tax assets in excess of statutory limitations, 
furniture, equipment, leasehold improvements and prepaid expenses.  

 Amounts related to ceded reinsurance are shown gross of ceded unearned premiums and reinsurance 

recoverables, rather than netted against unearned premium reserves and loss and loss adjustment expense 
reserves, respectively, as required by SAP.  





Fixed maturities securities, which are classified as available-for-sale, are reported at current fair values, rather 
than at amortized cost, or the lower of amortized cost or market, depending on the specific type of security, as 
required by SAP.  

The differing treatment of income and expense items results in a corresponding difference in federal income tax 
expense. Changes in deferred income taxes are reflected as an item of income tax benefit or expense, rather than 
recorded directly to surplus as regards policyholders, as required by SAP.  Admittance testing may result in a 
charge to unassigned surplus for non-admitted portions of deferred tax assets.  Under GAAP reporting, a 
valuation allowance may be recorded against the deferred tax asset and reflected as an expense.  

Insurance Ratios

The property and casualty insurance industry uses the combined ratio as a measure of underwriting 
profitability.  The combined ratio is the sum of the loss ratio (losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred as a percent 
of net earned premiums) plus the expense ratio (underwriting and other expenses as a percent of net earned premiums, 
calculated on a GAAP basis).  The combined ratio reflects only underwriting results and does not include income from 

38 

investments or finance and other service income.  Underwriting profitability is subject to significant fluctuations due to 
competition, catastrophic events, weather, economic and social conditions, and other factors.   

Our GAAP insurance ratios are presented in the following table for the periods indicated. 

GAAP ratios: 
Loss ratio 
Expense ratio 
Combined ratio 

Share-Based Compensation 

2021

Years Ended December 31, 
2020

2019

59.6 %
33.4
93.0 %

52.5 %
34.6
87.1 %

64.6 %
31.0
95.6 %

On April 2, 2018, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted the Safety Insurance Group, Inc. 2018 Long-Term 

Incentive Plan (“the 2018 Plan”), which was subsequently approved by our shareholders at the 2018 Annual Meeting of 
Shareholders. The 2018 Plan enables the grant of stock awards, performance shares, cash-based performance units, other 
stock-based awards, stock options, stock appreciation rights, and stock unit awards, each of which may be granted 
separately or in tandem with other awards. Eligibility to participate includes officers, directors, employees and other 
individuals who provide bona fide services to the Company. The 2018 Plan supersedes the Company’s 2002 
Management Omnibus Incentive Plan (“the 2002 Incentive Plan”).  

The 2018 Plan establishes an initial pool of 350,000 shares of common stock available for issuance to our 

employees and other eligible participants.  

The maximum number of shares of common stock between both the 2018 Plan and 2002 Incentive Plan with 
respect to which awards may be granted is 2,850,000. No further grants will be allowed under the 2002 Incentive Plan. 
At December 31, 2021, there were 164,908 shares available for future grant. Grants outstanding under the Plans as of 
December 31, 2021, were comprised of 137,589 restricted shares. 

Grants made under the Incentive Plan during the years 2019 through 2021 were as follows. 

Type of
Equity
Awarded

RS - Service
RS - Performance
RS
RS - Performance
RS - Service
RS - Performance
RS
RS - Performance
RS
RS - Service
RS - Performance
RS
RS - Performance

Effective Date

February 26, 2019
February 26, 2019
February 26, 2019
February 26, 2019
February 26, 2020
February 26, 2020
February 26, 2020
February 26, 2020
March 27, 2020
February 24, 2021
February 24, 2021
February 24, 2021
February 24, 2021

Number of
Awards
Granted

Fair
Value per
Share (1)

28,778
23,191
5,000
40,256
28,799
24,062
5,000
12,587
1,000
33,840
29,422
6,000
20,038

$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$

92.52
92.52
92.52
92.52
90.50
90.50
90.50
90.50
76.60
79.27
79.27
79.27
79.27

Vesting Terms

3 years, 30%-30%-40%
3 years, cliff vesting (3)
No vesting period (2)
No vesting period (4)
3 years, 30%-30%-40%
3 years, cliff vesting (3)
No vesting period (2)
No vesting period (4)
No vesting period (2)
3 years, 30%-30%-40%
3 years, cliff vesting (3)
No vesting period (2)
No vesting period (4)

(1)  The fair value per share of the restricted stock grant is equal to the closing price of our common stock on the grant date. 
(2)  Board of Director members must maintain stock ownership equal to at least four times their annual cash retainer. This requirement must be met 
within five years of becoming a director.  
(3) The shares represent performance-based restricted shares award.  Vesting of these shares is dependent upon the attainment of pre-established 
performance objectives, and any difference between shares granted and shares earned at the end of the performance period will be reported at the 
conclusion of the performance period. 
(4)  The shares represent a true-up of previously awarded performance-based restricted share awards. The updated shares were calculated based on the 
attainment of pre-established performance objectives. 

39 

Reinsurance

We reinsure with other insurance companies a portion of our potential liability under the policies we have 

underwritten, thereby protecting us against an unexpectedly large loss or a catastrophic occurrence that could produce 
large losses, primarily in our homeowners line of business.  We use various software products to measure our exposure 
to catastrophe losses and the probable maximum loss to us for catastrophe losses such as hurricanes.  The models include 
estimates for our share of the catastrophe losses generated in the residual market for property insurance by the FAIR 
Plan.  The reinsurance market has seen from the various software modelers, increases in the estimate of damage from 
hurricanes in the southern and northeast portions of the United States due to revised estimations of increased hurricane 
activity and increases in the estimation of demand surge in the periods following a significant event.  We continue to 
manage and model our exposure and adjust our reinsurance programs as a result of the changes to the models.  As of 
January 1, 2021, we have purchased four layers of excess catastrophe reinsurance providing $615,000 of coverage for 
property losses in excess of $50,000 up to a maximum of $665,000.  Our reinsurers’ co-participation is 50.0% of 
$50,000 for the 1st layer, 80.0% of $50,000 for the 2nd layer, 80.0% of $250,000 for the 3rd layer and 80.0% of 
$265,000 for the 4th layer. As a result of the changes to the models, our catastrophe reinsurance in 2021 protects us in 
the event of a “135-year storm” (that is, a storm of a severity expected to occur once in a 135-year period).  Most of our 
reinsurers have an A.M. Best rating of “A+” (Superior) or “A” (Excellent). 

We are a participant in CAR, a state-established body that runs the residual market reinsurance programs for 

commercial automobile insurance in Massachusetts under which premiums, expenses, losses and loss adjustment 
expenses on ceded business are shared by all insurers writing commercial automobile insurance in Massachusetts.  We 
also participate in the FAIR Plan in which premiums, expenses, losses and loss adjustment expenses on homeowners 
business that cannot be placed in the voluntary market are shared by all insurers writing homeowners insurance in 
Massachusetts.  The FAIR Plan buys reinsurance to reduce their exposure to catastrophe losses.  On July 1, 2021, the 
FAIR Plan purchased $1,800,000 of catastrophe reinsurance for property losses with retention of $100,000.   

We also had $119,122 due from CAR comprising of loss and loss adjustment expense reserves, unearned 

premiums and reinsurance recoverables. 

Effects of Inflation

We do not believe that inflation has had a material effect on our consolidated results of operations, except 

insofar as inflation may affect interest rates. 

Non-GAAP Measures 

Management has included certain non-generally accepted accounting principles (“non-GAAP”) financial 

measures in presenting the Company’s results. Management believes that these non-GAAP measures better explain the 
Company’s results of operations and allow for a more complete understanding of the underlying trends in the Company’s 
business. These measures should not be viewed as a substitute for those determined in accordance with generally 
accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). In addition, our definitions of these items may not be comparable to the 
definitions used by other companies. 

Non-GAAP operating income and non-GAAP operating income per diluted share consist of our GAAP net 

income adjusted by the net realized gains on investments, net impairment losses on investments, changes in net 
unrealized gains on equity securities, credit loss benefit (expense) and taxes related thereto. Net income and earnings per 
diluted share are the GAAP financial measures that are most directly comparable to non-GAAP operating income and 
non-GAAP operating income per diluted share, respectively. A reconciliation of the GAAP financial measures to these 
non-GAAP measures is included in the financial highlights below. 

40 

The following table shows certain of our selected financial results. 

Results of Operations

Direct written premiums
Net written premiums
Net earned premiums
Net investment income
Earnings from partnership investments
Net realized gains on investments
Change in net unrealized gains on equity securities
Net impairment losses on investments 
Credit loss benefit (expense)
Finance and other service income
Total revenue
Loss and loss adjustment expenses
Underwriting, operating and related expenses
Interest expense
Total expenses
Income before income taxes
Income tax expense
Net income 
Earnings per weighted average common share:

Basic
Diluted

Cash dividends paid per common share

Reconciliation of Net Income to Non-GAAP Operating Income:

Net income 
Exclusions from net income:

Net realized gains on investments 
Change in net unrealized gains on equity securities
Net impairment losses on investments 
Credit loss expense
Income tax benefit

Non-GAAP Operating income

Net income per diluted share 
Exclusions from net income:

Net realized gains on investments 
Change in net unrealized gains on equity securities
Net impairment losses on investments 
Credit loss expense
Income tax benefit

Non-GAAP Operating income per diluted share

2021

Years Ended December 31,
2020

2019

802,139
764,526
774,328
44,135
19,829
14,885
16,130
—
363
15,241
884,911
461,727
258,392
522
720,641
164,270
33,560
130,710

8.85
8.80
3.60

$
$
$

$

$
$
$

798,712
763,537
771,078
41,045
6,901
957
10,449
—
(1,054)
16,872
846,248
404,556
266,482
440
671,478
174,770
36,559
138,211

9.25
9.18
3.60

$
$
$

$

$
$
$

852,404
794,409
788,777
46,665
1,937
2,976
21,454
(889)
—
16,833
877,753
509,846
244,136
90
754,072
123,681
24,080
99,601

6.52
6.46
3.40

130,710

$

138,211

$

99,601

(14,885)
(16,130)
-
(363)
6,589
105,921

8.80

(1.00)
(1.08)
-
(0.02)
0.44
7.14

$ 

$

$ 

(957)
(10,449)
-
1,054
2,174
130,033

$ 

9.18

$

(0.06)
(0.69)
-
0.07
0.14
8.64

$ 

(2,976)
(21,454)
889
-
4,944
81,004

6.46

(0.19)
(1.40)
0.06
-
0.32
5.25

$
$
$

$

$
$
$

$

$ 

$

$ 

YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2021 COMPARED TO YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 

Direct Written Premiums.  Direct written premiums for the year ended December 31, 2021 increased by $3,427, 
or 0.4%, to $802,139 from $798,712 for the comparable 2020 period. The 2020 period reflects the Safety Personal Auto 
Relief Credit, a 15% policyholder credit, representing $17,711 in total premium which was applied to personal auto 
policies for the months of April, May and June 2020 as well as changes made by CAR to eligibility requirements which 
impacted the number of commercial automobile policies that we handle as a Servicing Carrier to the ceded pool. This 
results in a commensurate decrease in ceded written premium to and assumed from these programs.  

41 

Net Written Premiums.  Net written premiums for the year ended December 31, 2021 increased by $989, or 
0.1%, to $764,526 from $763,537 for the comparable 2020 period.  The 2021 increase was primarily due to the factors 
that increased direct written premiums.

Net Earned Premiums.  Net earned premiums for the year ended December 31, 2021 increased by $3,250, or 
0.4%, to $774,328 from $771,078 for the comparable 2020 period.  The 2021 increase was primarily due to the factors 
that increased direct written premiums. 

The effect of reinsurance on net written and net earned premiums is presented in the following table. 

Written Premiums

Direct
Assumed
Ceded

Net written premiums

Earned Premiums

Direct 
Assumed
Ceded

Net earned premiums

Year Ended December 31,

2021

2020

$

$

$

$

802,139
31,359
(68,972)
764,526

811,329
30,583
(67,584)
774,328

$

$

$

$

798,712
26,316
(61,491)
763,537

815,981
29,365
(74,268)
771,078

Net Investment Income.  Net investment income for the year ended December 31, 2021 increased by $3,090, or 

7.5%, to $44,135 from $41,045 for the comparable 2020 period. The increase is a result of an increase in the average 
invested asset balance and an increase in the equity in earnings of other invested assets compared to the prior year. Net 
effective annual yield on the investment portfolio was 3.0% for the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to 2.9% for 
the year ended December 31, 2020. Our duration was 3.6 years at December 31, 2021, compared to 3.2 years at 
December 31, 2020.   

Earnings from Partnership Investments.  Earnings from partnership investments were $19,829 for the year 
ended December 31, 2021 compared to $6,901 for the year ended December 31, 2020. The 2021 earnings reflects an 
increase in investment appreciation and distribution of investment returns compared to the prior year.  Timing and 
generation of these returns on capital can vary based on the results and transactions of the underlying partnerships. 

Net Realized Gains on Investments.  Net realized gains on investments were $14,885 for the year ended 
December 31, 2021 compared to $957 for the comparable 2020 period.  The increase is a result of an increase in realized 
gains on the sale of equity securities compared to the prior year. 

42 

The gross unrealized gains and losses on investments in fixed maturity securities, including redeemable 
preferred stocks that have characteristics of fixed maturities, short term investments, equity securities, including interests 
in mutual funds, and other invested assets were as follows: 

As of December 31, 2021 

Cost or 
Amortized
Cost 

     Allowance for 
Expected Credit
Losses 

Gross Unrealized 

Gains 

  Losses  (3) 

Estimated 
Fair
Value 

U.S. Treasury securities
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
Residential mortgage-backed securities (1)
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
Other asset-backed securities 
Corporate and other securities

Subtotal, fixed maturity securities

Equity securities (2)
Other invested assets (4)

Totals

$

$

 318
111,578
 237,026
146,318
 83,376
609,241
 1,187,857
211,848
 87,911
1,487,616

$

$

 — $
—
 —
—
 —
(691)
 (691)
—
 —

(691) $

 6
4,847
 5,941
5,007
 475
20,647
 36,923
54,861
 —
91,784

$

$

 — $

(123)
 (1,503)
(442)
 (255)
(3,487)
 (5,810)
(1,764)
 —
(7,574) $

 324
116,302
 241,464
150,883
 83,596
625,710
 1,218,279
264,945
 87,911
1,571,135

(1)  Residential mortgage-backed securities consists of obligations of U.S. Government agencies including collateralized mortgage obligations issued, 
guaranteed and/or insured by the following issuers: Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA), Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation 
(FHLMC), Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA) and the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB). 
(2)  Equity securities include common stock, preferred stock, mutual funds and interests in mutual funds held to fund the Company’s executive 
deferred compensation plan. 
(3)  Our investment portfolio included 444 securities in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2021. 
(4)  Other invested assets are accounted for under the equity method which approximates fair value. 

The composition of our fixed income security portfolio by rating was as follows: 

U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. Government agencies
Aaa/Aa
A
Baa
Ba
B
Caa/Ca
Not rated
Total

As of December 31, 2021

Estimated
Fair Value

Percent

$

$

242,911
276,059
279,187
231,267
60,822
103,086
4,284
20,663
1,218,279

19.9 %
22.7
22.9
19.0
5.0
8.5
0.4
1.6
100.0 %

Ratings are generally assigned upon the issuance of the securities and are subject to revision on the basis of 

ongoing evaluations.  Ratings in the table are as of the date indicated. 

As of December 31, 2021, our portfolio of fixed maturity investments was principally comprised of investment 

grade corporate fixed maturity securities, U.S. government and agency securities, and asset-backed securities. The 
portion of our non-investment grade portfolio of fixed maturity investments is primarily comprised of variable rate 
secured and senior bank loans and high yield bonds.     

The following table illustrates the gross unrealized losses included in our investment portfolio and the fair value 
of those securities, aggregated by investment category.  The table also presents the length of time that they have been in 
a continuous unrealized loss position of December 31, 2021. 

43 

 
Less than 12 Months

As of December 31, 2021
12 Months or More

Estimated
Fair Value

Unrealized Estimated Unrealized
Fair Value

Losses

Losses

Total

Estimated
Fair Value

Unrealized
Losses

U.S. Treasury securities
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
Residential mortgage-backed securities
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
Other asset-backed securities
Corporate and other securities

Subtotal, fixed maturity securities

Equity securities

Total temporarily impaired securities

$

$

— $

2,985
97,116
29,660
39,266
181,470
350,497
19,457
369,954

$

— $
85
1,502
442
255
3,140
5,424
1,559
6,983

$

— $

1,012
11
—
—
11,436
12,459
1,029
13,488

$

— $
38
1
—
—
347
386
205
591

$

— $

3,997
97,127
29,660
39,266
192,906
362,956
20,486
383,442

$

—
123
1,503
442
255
3,487
5,810
1,764
7,574

The Company’s analysis of its fixed maturity portfolio at December 31, 2021 concluded that $691 of unrealized 

losses were due to credit factors and were recorded as an allowance for expected credit losses at December 31, 2021, 
compared to $1,054 at December 31, 2020. The Company concluded that outside of the securities that were recognized 
as credit impaired, the unrealized losses recorded on the fixed maturity portfolio at December 31, 2021 and December 
31, 2020 resulted from fluctuations in market interest rates and other temporary market conditions as opposed to 
fundamental changes in the credit quality of the issuers of such securities.  Based upon the analysis performed, the 
Company’s decision to hold these securities, the Company’s current level of liquidity and our history of positive 
operating cash flows, management believes it is more likely than not that it will not be required to sell any of its 
securities before the anticipated recovery in the fair value to its amortized cost basis. 

Specific qualitative analysis was also performed for securities appearing on our “Watch List,” if any.  
Qualitative analysis considered such factors as the financial condition and the near term prospects of the issuer, whether 
the debtor is current on its contractually obligated interest and principal payments, changes to the rating of the security 
by a rating agency and the historical volatility of the fair value of the security. 

The majority of unrealized losses recorded on the investment portfolio at December 31, 2021 resulted from 
fluctuations in market interest rates and other temporary market conditions as opposed to fundamental changes in the 
credit quality of the issuers of such securities.  Given our current level of liquidity, the fact that we do not intend to sell 
these securities, and that it is more likely than not that we will not be required to sell these securities prior to recovery of 
the cost basis of these securities, these decreases in values are viewed as being temporary. 

For information regarding fair value measurements of our investment portfolio, refer to Item 8—Financial 

Statements and Supplementary Data, Note 16, Fair Value of Financial Instruments, of this Form 10-K. 

Finance and Other Service Income.  Finance and other service income includes revenues from premium 

installment charges, which we recognize when earned, and other miscellaneous income and fees.  Finance and other 
service income decreased by $1,631, or 9.7%, to $15,241 for the year ended December 31, 2021 from $16,872 for the 
comparable 2020 period. The decrease is primarily driven by a change in our late fee assessment policy. The 2020 period 
also reflects a moratorium on certain policy cancellations and fees that were in place during 2020 as a result of the 
COVID-19 pandemic. 

Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses.  Losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred for the year ended 

December 31, 2021 increased by $57,171, or 14.1%, to $461,727 from $404,556 for the comparable 2020 period. The 
2020 losses and loss adjustment expenses reflected a decrease in frequency, primarily in our private passenger 
automobile line of business as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. 

Our GAAP loss ratio for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 were 59.6% and 52.5%, respectively. 

Our GAAP loss ratio excluding loss adjustment expenses was 50.0% and 43.7% for the years ended December 31, 2021 
and 2020, respectively. Total prior year favorable development included in the pre-tax results for the year ended 
December 31, 2021 was $53,673, compared to $54,844, for the comparable 2020 period. 

Underwriting, Operating and Related Expenses.  Underwriting, operating and related expenses for the year 

ended December 31, 2021 decreased by $8,090, or 3.0%, to $258,392 from $266,482 for the comparable 2020 period. 

44 

Our GAAP expense ratio for the year ended December 31, 2021 decreased to 33.4% from 34.6% for the comparable 
2020 period.  The 2021 decrease is driven by a decrease in contingent commission expense. 

Interest Expense.  Interest expense was $522 and $440 for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, 
respectively. Interest expense primarily relates to the borrowing from the FHLB as noted within Item 8 – Financial 
Statements and Supplementary Data, Note 10, Debt, of this Form 10-K. The credit facility commitment fee included in 
interest expense was $75 for each of the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. 

Income Tax Expense   Our effective tax rates were 20.4% and 20.9% for the years ended December 31, 2021 

and 2020, respectively. The effective rates for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 were lower than the 
statutory rates primarily due to the effects of tax-exempt investment income and the impact of stock-based 
compensation.  

The comparison of results for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to the year ended December 31, 

2019 can be found in the Company’s 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 26, 2021. 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As a holding company, Safety’s assets consist primarily of the stock of our direct and indirect subsidiaries.  

Our principal source of funds to meet our obligations and pay dividends to shareholders, therefore, is dividends and other 
permitted payments from our subsidiaries, principally Safety Insurance.  Safety is the borrower under our credit facility. 

Safety Insurance’s sources of funds primarily include premiums received, investment income and proceeds 

from sales and redemptions of investments.  Safety Insurance’s principal uses of cash are the payment of claims, 
operating expenses and taxes, the purchase of investments and payment of dividends to Safety. 

Net cash provided by operating activities was $141,394, $109,460, and $112,456 during the years ended 
December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively.  Our operations typically generate positive cash flows from operations 
as most premiums are received in advance of the time when claim and benefit payments are required. These positive 
operating cash flows are expected to continue to meet our liquidity requirements. 

Net cash used for investing activities was $65,989, $35,524, and $52,964 for the years ended December 31, 
2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively, as purchases of fixed maturity and equity securities exceeded proceeds from the 
sales, paydowns, calls and maturities of fixed maturity and equity securities.  

Net cash used for financing activities was $65,571, $64,574, and $52,667 during the years ended December 31, 

2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.  Net cash used for financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2021 is 
comprised of dividend payments to shareholders and share buybacks. Net cash used for financing activities during the 
year ended December 31, 2020 is comprised of dividend payments to shareholders and share buybacks, partially offset 
by the proceeds from a $30,000 borrowing from the FHLB-Boston on March 17, 2020. The borrowing is for a term of 
five years, bearing interest at a rate of 1.42%. Interest is payable monthly, and the principal is due on the maturity date of 
March 17, 2025 but may be prepaid in whole or in part by the Company in advance. Net cash used for financing 
activities during the years ended December 31, 2019 is comprised of dividend payments to shareholders. 

The Insurance Subsidiaries maintain a high degree of liquidity within their respective investment portfolios in 
fixed maturity and short-term investments.  We do not anticipate the need to sell these securities to meet the Insurance 
Subsidiaries cash requirements.  We expect the Insurance Subsidiaries to generate sufficient operating cash to meet all 
short-term and long-term cash requirements. However, there can be no assurance that unforeseen business needs or other 
items will not occur causing us to have to sell securities before their values fully recover; thereby causing us to recognize 
additional impairment charges in that time period. 

45 

Credit Facility

For information regarding our Credit Facility, please refer to Item 8—Financial Statements and Supplementary 

Data, Note 10, Debt, of this Form 10-K. 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

For information regarding Recent Accounting Pronouncements, please refer to Item 8—Financial Statements 

and Supplementary Data, Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of this Form 10-K. 

Regulatory Matters

Our insurance company’s subsidiaries are subject to various regulatory restrictions that limit the maximum 

amount of dividends available to be paid to their parent without prior approval of the Commissioner.  The Massachusetts 
statute limits the dividends an insurer may pay in any twelve-month period, without the prior permission of the 
Commissioner, to the greater of (i) 10% of the insurer’s surplus as of the preceding December 31 or (ii) the insurer’s net 
income for the twelve-month period ending the preceding December 31, in each case determined in accordance with 
statutory accounting practices. Our Insurance Subsidiaries may not declare an “extraordinary dividend” (defined as any 
dividend or distribution that, together with other distributions made within the preceding twelve months, exceeds the 
limits established by Massachusetts statute) until thirty days after the Commissioner has received notice of the intended 
dividend and has not objected.  As historically administered by the Commissioner, this provision requires the 
Commissioner’s prior approval of an extraordinary dividend. Under Massachusetts law, an insurer may pay cash 
dividends only from its unassigned funds, also known as earned surplus, and the insurer’s remaining surplus must be 
both reasonable in relation to its outstanding liabilities and adequate to its financial needs.  At year-end 2021, the 
statutory surplus of Safety Insurance was $826,979, and its net income for 2021 was $97,169.  As a result, a maximum 
of $97,169 is available in 2021 for such dividends without prior approval of the Commissioner. As a result of this 
Massachusetts statute, the Insurance Subsidiaries had restricted net assets in the amount of $729,810 at December 31, 
2021. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, Safety Insurance recorded dividends to Safety of $49,488. 

The maximum dividend permitted by law is not indicative of an insurer’s actual ability to pay dividends, which 

may be constrained by business and regulatory considerations, such as the impact of dividends on surplus, which could 
affect an insurer’s ratings or competitive position, the amount of premiums that can be written and the ability to pay 
future dividends. 

Since the initial public offering of its common stock in November 2002, the Company has paid regular quarterly 

dividends to shareholders of its common stock. Quarterly dividends paid during 2021 and 2020 were as follows: 

Declaration
Date
February 14, 2020
May 6, 2020
August 5, 2020
November 4, 2020
February 16, 2021
May 5, 2021
August 4, 2021
November 3, 2021

Record
Date

March 2, 2020
June 1, 2020
September 1, 2020
December 1, 2020
March 5, 2021
June 1, 2021
September 1, 2021
December 1, 2021

Payment
Date

March 16, 2020
June 15, 2020
September 15, 2020
December 15, 2020
March 15, 2021
June 15, 2021
September 15, 2021
December 15, 2021

Dividend per
Common Share

Total
Dividends Paid
and Accrued

$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$

0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90

$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$

13,872
13,836
13,622
13,405
13,459
13,490
13,493
13,554

On February 15, 2022, our Board approved and declared a quarterly cash dividend on our common stock of 

$0.90 per share to be paid on March 15, 2022 to shareholders of record on March 1, 2022. We plan to continue to declare 
and pay quarterly cash dividends in 2022, depending on our financial position and the regularity of our cash flows. 

46 

On August 3, 2007, the Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program of up to $30,000 of the 

Company’s outstanding common shares.  The Board of Directors had cumulatively authorized increases to the existing 
share repurchase program of up to $150,000 of its outstanding common shares.  Under the program, the Company may 
repurchase shares of its common stock for cash in public or private transactions, in the open market or otherwise.  The 
timing of such repurchases and actual number of shares repurchased will depend on a variety of factors including price, 
market conditions and applicable regulatory and corporate requirements.  The program does not require the Company to 
repurchase any specific number of shares and may be modified, suspended or terminated at any time without prior 
notice.  As of December 31, 2021, the Company had purchased 2,970,573 shares on the open market at a cost $135,397. 
As of December 31, 2020, the Company had purchased 2,831,168 shares on the open market at a cost of $123,834. The 
Company purchased an additional 170,904 shares on the open market at a cost of $14,603 through February 23, 2022. As 
of that date, the previously authorized share repurchase program in the amount of $150 million has been utilized. On 
February 23, 2022, the Board approved an increase to the Company’s share repurchase program of up to $50,000 of the 
Company’s outstanding common shares. Under the program, the Company may repurchase shares of its common stock 
for cash in public or private transactions, in the open market or otherwise, at management’s discretion. The timing of 
such repurchases and actual number of shares repurchased will depend on a variety of factors including price, market 
conditions and applicable regulatory and corporate requirements. The program does not require the Company to 
repurchase any specific number of shares and may be modified, suspended or terminated at any time without prior 
notice. 

Management believes that the current level of cash flow from operations provides us with sufficient liquidity to 

meet our operating needs over the next 12 months.  We expect to be able to continue to meet our operating needs after 
the next 12 months from internally generated funds.  Since our ability to meet our obligations in the long term (beyond 
such twelve-month period) is dependent upon such factors as market changes, insurance regulatory changes and 
economic conditions, no assurance can be given that the available net cash flow will be sufficient to meet our operating 
needs.  We expect that we would need to borrow or issue capital stock if we needed additional funds, for example, to pay 
for an acquisition or a significant expansion of our operations.  There can be no assurance that sufficient funds for any of 
the foregoing purposes would be available to us at such time. 

Contractual Obligations 

We have obligations to make future payments under contracts and credit-related financial instruments and 

commitments.   

As of December 31, 2021, the Company had loss and LAE reserves of $570,651, unpaid reinsurance 

recoverables of $90,667 and net loss and LAE reserves of $479,984.  Our loss and LAE reserves are estimates as 
described in more detail under Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates.  The specific amounts and timing of 
obligations related to case reserves, IBNR reserves and related LAE reserves are not set contractually, and the amounts 
and timing of these obligations are unknown.  While management believes that historical performance of loss payment 
patterns is a reasonable source for projecting future claims payments, there is inherent uncertainty in this estimated 
projected settlement of loss and LAE reserves, and as a result these estimates will differ, perhaps significantly, from 
actual future payments. Our operations typically generate substantial positive cash flows from operations as most 
premiums are received in advance of the time when claim and benefit payments are required. These positive operating 
cash flows are expected to continue to meet our liquidity requirements, including any unexpected variations in the timing 
of claim settlements.  

As part of the Company’s investment activity, we have committed $145,000 to investments in limited 

partnerships.  The Company has contributed $94,269 to these commitments as of December 31, 2021.  As of 
December 31, 2021, the remaining committed capital that could be called is $54,516, which includes potential recallable 
capital distributions. 

47 

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Loss and Loss Adjustment Expense Reserves

Significant periods of time can elapse between the occurrence of an insured loss, the reporting to us of that loss 

and our final payment of that loss.  To recognize liabilities for unpaid losses, we establish reserves as balance sheet 
liabilities.  Our reserves represent estimates of amounts needed to pay reported and unreported losses and the expenses of 
investigating and paying those losses, or loss adjustment expenses.  Every quarter, we review our previously established 
reserves and adjust them, if necessary. 

When a claim is reported, claims personnel establish a “case reserve” for the estimated amount of the ultimate 

payment.  The amount of the reserve is primarily based upon an evaluation of the type of claim involved, the 
circumstances surrounding each claim and the policy provisions relating to the loss. The estimate reflects the informed 
judgment of such personnel based on general insurance reserving practices and on the experience and knowledge of the 
claims person.  During the loss adjustment period, these estimates are revised as deemed necessary by our claims 
department based on subsequent developments and periodic reviews of the cases.  When a claim is closed with or 
without a payment, the difference between the case reserve and the settlement amount creates a reserve deficiency if the 
payment exceeds the case reserve or a reserve redundancy if the payment is less than the case reserve. 

In accordance with industry practice, we also maintain reserves for IBNR.  IBNR reserves are determined in 

accordance with commonly accepted actuarial reserving techniques on the basis of our historical information and 
experience.  We review and make adjustments to incurred but not yet reported reserves quarterly.  In addition, IBNR 
reserves can also be expressed as the total loss reserves required less the case reserves on reported claims. 

When reviewing reserves, we analyze historical data and estimate the impact of various loss development 
factors, such as our historical loss experience and that of the industry, trends in claims frequency and severity, our mix of 
business, our claims processing procedures, legislative enactments, judicial decisions, legal developments in imposition 
of damages, and changes and trends in general economic conditions, including the effects of inflation.  A change in any 
of these factors from the assumption implicit in our estimate can cause our actual loss experience to be better or worse 
than our reserves, and the difference can be material.  There is no precise method, however, for evaluating the impact of 
any specific factor on the adequacy of reserves, because the eventual development of reserves is affected by many 
factors. 

In estimating all our loss reserves, we follow the guidance prescribed by ASC 944, Financial Services – 

Insurance. 

Management determines our loss and LAE reserves estimate based upon the analysis of our actuaries.  A 

reasonable estimate is derived by selecting a point estimate within a range of indications as calculated by our actuaries 
using generally accepted actuarial techniques. The key assumption in most actuarial analysis is that past patterns of 
frequency and severity will repeat in the future, unless a significant change in the factors described above takes place.  
Our key factors and resulting assumptions are the ultimate frequency and severity of claims, based upon the most recent 
ten years of claims reported to the Company, and the data CAR reports to us to calculate our share of the residual market, 
as of the date of the applicable balance sheet.  For each accident year and each coverage within a line of business our 
actuaries calculate the ultimate losses incurred.  Our total reserves are the difference between the ultimate losses incurred 
and the cumulative loss and loss adjustment payments made to date.  Our IBNR reserves are calculated as the difference 
between our total reserves and the outstanding case reserves at the end of the accounting period.  To determine ultimate 
losses, our actuaries calculate a range of indications and select a point estimation using such actuarial techniques as: 





Paid Loss Indications: This method projects ultimate loss estimates based upon extrapolations of 
historic paid loss trends. This method tends to be used on short tail lines such as automobile physical 
damage. 

Incurred Loss Indications: This method projects ultimate loss estimates based upon extrapolations of 
historic incurred loss trends.  This method tends to be used on long tail lines of business such as 
automobile liability and homeowner’s liability. 

48 





Bornhuetter-Ferguson Indications: This method projects ultimate loss estimates based upon 
extrapolations of an expected amount of IBNR, which is added to current incurred losses or paid 
losses.  This method tends to be used on small, immature, or volatile lines of business, such as our 
BOP and umbrella lines of business. 

Bodily Injury Code Indications: This method projects ultimate loss estimates for our private passenger 
and commercial automobile bodily injury coverage based upon extrapolations of the historic number of 
accidents and the historic number of bodily injury claims per accident. Projected ultimate bodily injury 
claims are then segregated into expected claims by type of injury (e.g. soft tissue injury vs. hard tissue 
injury) based on past experience.  An ultimate severity, or average paid loss amounts, is estimated 
based upon extrapolating historic trends. Projected ultimate loss estimates using this method are the 
aggregate of estimated losses by injury type. 

 Such techniques assume that past experience, adjusted for the effects of current developments and anticipated 

trends, is an appropriate basis for predicting our ultimate losses, total reserves and resulting IBNR reserves.  It is possible 
that the final outcome may fall above or below these amounts as a result of a number of factors, including immature data, 
sparse data, or significant growth in a line of business.  Using these methodologies our actuaries established a range of 
reasonably possible estimations for net reserves of approximately $445,511 to $504,580 as of December 31, 2021 
compared to a range of $424,437 to $478,251 as of December 31, 2020.  In general, the low and high values of the 
ranges represent reasonable minimum and maximum values of the indications based on the techniques described above. 
Our selected point estimate of net loss and LAE reserves based upon the analysis of our actuaries was $479,984 as of 
December 31, 2021 compared to $461,270 as of December 31, 2020. 

 The following tables present the point estimation of the recorded reserves and the range of estimations by line 

of business for net loss and LAE reserves as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.  

Line of Business
Private passenger automobile
Commercial automobile
Homeowners
All other
Total

Line of Business
Private passenger automobile
Commercial automobile
Homeowners
All other
Total

Low

As of December 31, 2021
Recorded

High

182,390
99,798
87,639
75,684
445,511

$

$

194,940
108,158
93,065
83,821
479,984

$

$

198,675
109,853
97,390
98,662
504,580

Low

As of December 31, 2020
Recorded

High

167,218
93,395
97,063
66,761
424,437

$

$

182,494
102,313
99,724
76,739
461,270

$

$

184,373
104,495
102,356
87,027
478,251

$

$

$

$

The following table presents our total net reserves and the corresponding case reserves and IBNR reserves for 

each line of business as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020. 

Line of Business
Private passenger automobile
CAR assumed private passenger auto
Commercial automobile
CAR assumed commercial automobile
Homeowners
FAIR Plan assumed homeowners
All other
Total net reserves for losses and LAE

As of December 31, 2021

Case

IBNR

Total

$

$

237,808
1
67,017
18,465
82,977
3,493
45,871
455,632

$

$

(42,876)
7
8,858
13,818
(200)
6,795
37,950
24,352

$

$

194,932
8
75,875
32,283
82,777
10,288
83,821
479,984

49 

Line of Business
Private passenger automobile
CAR assumed private passenger auto
Commercial automobile
CAR assumed commercial automobile
Homeowners
FAIR Plan assumed homeowners
All other
Total net reserves for losses and LAE

As of December 31, 2020

Case

IBNR

Total

$

$

211,893
1
57,008
18,824
86,362
3,405
44,128
421,621

$

$

(29,407)
7
11,559
14,923
3,371
6,586
32,610
39,649

$

$

182,486
8
68,567
33,747
89,733
9,991
76,738
461,270

At December 31, 2021 and 2020, our total IBNR reserves for our private passenger automobile line of business 

were comprised of $(60,228) and $(45,308) related to estimated ultimate decreases in the case reserves, including 
anticipated recoveries (i.e. salvage and subrogation), and $17,352 and $15,901 related to our estimation for not yet 
reported losses, respectively. 

Our IBNR reserves consist of our estimate of the total loss reserves required less our case reserves.  The IBNR 

reserves for CAR assumed commercial automobile business are 42.8% of our total reserves for CAR assumed 
commercial automobile business as of December 31, 2021 due to the reporting delays in the information we receive from 
CAR, as described further in the section on Residual Market Loss and Loss Adjustment Expense Reserves.  Our IBNR 
reserves for FAIR Plan assumed homeowners are 66.0% of our total reserves for FAIR Plan assumed homeowners at 
December 31, 2021 due to similar reporting delays in the information we receive from FAIR Plan.  

 The following tables present information by line of business for our total net reserves and the corresponding 

retained (i.e. direct less ceded) reserves and assumed reserves as of December 31, 2021 and 2020. 

Line of Business
Private passenger automobile

CAR assumed private passenger automobile

Net private passenger automobile

Commercial automobile

CAR assumed commercial automobile

Net commercial automobile

Homeowners

FAIR Plan assumed homeowners

Net homeowners

All other
Total net reserves for losses and LAE

Line of Business
Private passenger automobile

CAR assumed private passenger automobile

Net private passenger automobile

Commercial automobile

CAR assumed commercial automobile

Net commercial automobile

Homeowners

FAIR Plan assumed homeowners

Net homeowners

All other
Total net reserves for losses and LAE

Retained

$

194,932

As of December 31, 2021
Assumed

Net

$

8

$

194,940

75,875

82,777

83,821
437,405

$

32,283

10,288

—
42,579

$

108,158

93,065
83,821
479,984

Retained

182,486

68,567

89,733

As of December 31, 2020
Assumed

Net

$

8

$

182,494

33,747

9,991

102,314

99,724
76,738
461,270

76,738
417,524

$

-
43,746

$

$

$

$

50 

Residual Market Loss and Loss Adjustment Expense Reserves

We are a participant in CAR, the FAIR Plan and other various residual markets and assume a portion of losses 

and LAE on business ceded by the industry participants to the residual markets.  We estimate reserves for assumed losses 
and LAE that have not yet been reported to us by the residual markets.  Our estimations are based upon the same factors 
we use for our own reserves, plus additional factors due to the nature of and the information we receive.   

Residual market deficits consist of premium ceded to the various residual markets less losses and LAE and is 

allocated among insurance companies based on a various formulas (the “Participation Ratio”) that take into consideration 
a company’s voluntary market share. 

Because of the lag in the various residual market estimations, and in order to try to validate to the extent 

possible the information provided, we estimate the effects of the actions of our competitors in order to establish our 
Participation Ratio.  

Although we rely to a significant extent in setting our reserves on the information the various residual markets 
provide, we are cautious in our use of that information, because of the delays in receiving data from the various residual 
markets.  As a result, we have to estimate our Participation Ratio and these reserves are subject to significant judgments 
and estimates. 

Sensitivity Analysis

Establishment of appropriate reserves is an inherently uncertain process.  There can be no certainty that 
currently established reserves based on our key assumptions regarding frequency and severity in our lines of business, or 
our assumptions regarding our share of the CAR loss will prove adequate in light of subsequent actual experience.  To 
the extent that reserves are inadequate and are strengthened, the amount of such increase is treated as a charge to 
earnings in the period that the deficiency is recognized. To the extent that reserves are redundant and are released, the 
amount of the release is a credit to earnings in the period the redundancy is recognized.  For the twelve months ended 
December 31, 2021, a 1 percentage-point change in the loss and LAE ratio would result in a change in reserves of 
$7,743.  Each 1 percentage-point change in the loss and loss expense ratio would have had a $6,117 effect on net 
income, or $0.41 per diluted share. 

Our assumptions consider that past experience, adjusted for the effects of current developments and anticipated 

trends, are an appropriate basis for establishing our reserves.  Our individual key assumptions could each have a 
reasonable possible range of plus or minus 5 percentage-points for each estimation, although there is no guarantee that 
our assumptions will not have more than a 5 percentage point variation.  The following sensitivity tables present 
information for each of our primary lines of business on the effect each 1 percentage-point change in each of our key 
assumptions on unpaid frequency and severity could have on our retained (i.e., direct minus ceded) loss and LAE 
reserves and net income for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021.  In evaluating the information in the table, it 
should be noted that a 1 percentage-point change in a single assumption would change estimated reserves by 1 
percentage-point.  A 1 percentage-point change in both our key assumptions would change estimated reserves within a 
range of plus or minus 2 percentage-points. 

51 

Private passenger automobile retained loss and LAE reserves
-1 Percent Change in Severity

Estimated decrease in reserves
Estimated increase in net income

No Change in Severity

Estimated (decrease) increase in reserves
Estimated increase (decrease) in net income

+1 Percent Change in Severity

Estimated increase in reserves
Estimated decrease in net income

Commercial automobile retained loss and LAE reserves
-1 Percent Change in Severity

Estimated decrease in reserves
Estimated increase in net income

No Change in Severity

Estimated (decrease) increase in reserves
Estimated increase (decrease) in net income

+1 Percent Change in Severity

Estimated increase in reserves
Estimated decrease in net income

Homeowners retained loss and LAE reserves 
-1 Percent Change in Severity

Estimated decrease in reserves
Estimated increase in net income

No Change in Severity

Estimated (decrease) increase in reserves
Estimated increase (decrease) in net income

+1 Percent Change in Severity

Estimated increase in reserves
Estimated decrease in net income

All other retained loss and LAE reserves 
-1 Percent Change in Severity

Estimated decrease in reserves
Estimated increase in net income

No Change in Severity

Estimated (decrease) increase in reserves
Estimated increase (decrease) in net income

+1 Percent Change in Severity

Estimated increase in reserves
Estimated decrease in net income

-1 Percent
Change in
Frequency

No
Change in
Frequency

+1 Percent
Change in
Frequency

$

(3,899) $
3,080

(1,949) $
1,540

(1,949)
1,540

—
—

(1,518)
1,199

(759)
600

—
—

(1,656)
1,308

(828)
654

—
—

(1,676)
1,324

(838)
662

—
—

—
—

1,949
(1,540)

(759)
600

—
—

759
(600)

(828)
654

—
—

828
(654)

(838)
662

—
—

838
(662)

—
—

1,949
(1,540)

3,899
(3,080)

—
—

759
(600)

1,518
(1,199)

—
—

828
(654)

1,656
(1,308)

—
—

838
(662)

1,676
(1,324)

Our estimated share of CAR loss and LAE reserves is based on assumptions about our Participation Ratio, the 

size of CAR, and the resulting deficit (similar assumptions apply with respect to the FAIR Plan).  Our assumptions 
consider that past experience, adjusted for the effects of current developments and anticipated trends, is an appropriate 
basis for establishing our CAR reserves.  Each of our assumptions could have a reasonably possible range of plus or 
minus 5 percentage-points for each estimation. 

The following sensitivity table presents information of the effect each 1 percentage-point change in our 

assumptions on our share of reserves for CAR and other residual markets could have on our assumed loss and LAE 
reserves and net income for the year ended December 31, 2021.  In evaluating the information in the table, it should be 
noted that a 1 percentage-point change in our assumptions would change estimated reserves by 1 percentage-point. 

52 

CAR assumed commercial automobile

Estimated (decrease) increase in reserves
Estimated increase (decrease) in net income

FAIR Plan assumed homeowners

Estimated (decrease) increase in reserves
Estimated increase (decrease) in net income

Reserve Development Summary

-1 Percent
Change in
Estimation

+1 Percent
Change in
Estimation

$

$

(323)
255

(103)
81

323
(255)

103
(81)

The changes we have recorded in our reserves in the past illustrate the uncertainty of estimating reserves.  Our 
prior year reserves decreased by $53,673, $54,844 and $42,049 during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 
2019, respectively. 

The following table presents a comparison of prior year development of our net reserves for losses and LAE for 
the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Each accident year represents all claims for an annual 
accounting period in which loss events occurred, regardless of when the losses are actually reported, booked or 
paid.  Our financial statements reflect the aggregate results of the current and all prior accident years. 

Accident Year
2011 & prior
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
All prior years

2021

Year Ended December 31,
2020

2019

$

$

(647)
(962)
(194)
(1,534)
(2,757)
(1,096)
(4,682)
(10,190)
(16,810)
(14,801)
(53,673)

$

$

(1,170)
(1,553)
(822)
(452)
(3,265)
(5,496)
(10,726)
(16,697)
(14,663)
—
(54,844)

$

$

(2,380)
(1,359)
(2,689)
(4,525)
(3,557)
(4,531)
(15,119)
(7,889)
—
—
(42,049)

At the end of each period, the reserves were re-estimated for all prior accident years. Our prior year reserves 
decreased by $53,673, $54,844, and $42,049 for the years ended 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. The decreases in 
prior year reserves in 2021 resulted from re-estimations of prior year’s ultimate loss and LAE liabilities and are primarily 
composed of reductions of $22,313 in our retained automobile reserves and $26,220 in our retained other than auto and 
homeowner’s reserves.  The decreases in prior year reserves in 2020 resulted from re-estimations of prior year’s ultimate 
loss and LAE liabilities and are primarily composed of reductions of $26,902 in our retained automobile reserves and 
$21,717 in our retained other than auto and homeowner reserves. The decrease in prior year reserves during 2019 
resulted from re-estimations of prior year's ultimate loss and LAE liabilities and are primarily composed of reductions of 
$25,623 in our retained automobile reserves and $14,182 in our retained homeowners reserves. It is not appropriate to 
extrapolate future favorable or unfavorable development of reserves from this past experience. 

53 

The following table presents information by line of business for prior year development of our net reserves for 

losses and LAE for the year ended December 31, 2021. 

Commercial
Automobile
$

Homeowners
$

Accident Year
2011 & prior
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
All prior years

Private Passenger
Automobile

$

$

(143)
(176)
(376)
6
(189)
(386)
(584)
(2,787)
(6,583)
(6,695)
(17,913)

(8)
(11)
(88)
(92)
(97)
(197)
(876)
(1,645)
(2,489)
(2,957)
(8,460)

$

$

(7)
—
17
(210)
(1,140)
(125)
(1,926)
(3,098)
(6,947)
(4,871)
(18,307)

All Other

Total

$

$

(489)
(775)
253
(1,238)
(1,331)
(388)
(1,296)
(2,660)
(791)
(278)
(8,993)

$

$

(647)
(962)
(194)
(1,534)
(2,757)
(1,096)
(4,682)
(10,190)
(16,810)
(14,801)
(53,673)

To further clarify the effects of changes in our reserve estimates for CAR and other residual markets, the next 
two tables break out the information in the table above by source of the business (i.e., non-residual market vs. residual 
market). 

The following table presents information by line of business for prior year development of retained reserves for 

losses and LAE for the year ended December 31, 2021 that is, all our reserves except for business ceded or assumed 
from CAR and other residual markets. 

Accident Year 
2011 & prior
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
All prior years

Retained 
Private Passenger
Automobile 

Retained 
Commercial
  Automobile

$

$

(143) $
 (176)
(376)
 6
(189)
 (386)
(584)
 (2,787)
(6,583)
 (6,695)
(17,913) $

(8) $

 (11)
(88)
 (54)
(18)
 (137)
(608)
 (1,174)
(1,295)
 (1,007)
(4,400) $

Retained

Retained
Homeowners   All Other
(7) $
 —
17
 (210)
(1,138)
 (102)
(1,831)
 (2,956)
(6,522)
 (4,478)
(17,227) $

(489) $
 (775)
253
 (1,238)
(1,331)
 (388)
(1,296)
 (2,660)
(791)
 (278)
(8,993) $

Total 

(647)
 (962)
(194)
 (1,496)
(2,676)
 (1,013)
(4,319)
 (9,577)
(15,191)
 (12,458)
(48,533)

The following table presents information by line of business for prior year development of reserves assumed 

from residual markets for losses and LAE for the year ended December 31, 2021. 

Accident Year
2011 & prior
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
All prior years

CAR Assumed
Private Passenger
Automobile

CAR Assumed
Commercial
Automobile

FAIR Plan
Homeowners

Total

$

$

— $
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
— $

— $
—
—
(38)
(79)
(60)
(268)
(471)
(1,194)
(1,950)
(4,060)

$

— $
—
—
—
(2)
(23)
(95)
(142)
(425)
(393)
(1,080)

$

—
—
—
(38)
(81)
(83)
(363)
(613)
(1,619)
(2,343)
(5,140)

The improved retained private passenger and commercial automobile results were primarily due to fewer IBNR 

claims than previously estimated and better than previously estimated severity on our established bodily injury and 

54 

 
 
property damage case reserves.   Our retained other than auto and homeowners line of business prior year reserves 
decreased, due primarily to fewer IBNR claims than previously estimated.  

 In estimating all our loss reserves, including CAR, we follow the guidance prescribed by ASC 944, Financial 

Services-Insurance. 

For further information, see “Results of Operations: Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses.” 

Investment Impairments

The Company uses a systematic methodology to evaluate declines in fair values below cost or amortized cost of 

our investments. Some of the factors considered in assessing impairment of fixed maturities due to credit losses include 
the extent to which the fair value is less than amortized cost, the financial condition of and the near and long-term 
prospects of the issuer, whether the debtor is current on its contractually obligated interest and principal payments, 
changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency, the historical volatility of the fair value of the security and 
whether it is more like than not that the Company will be required to sell the investment prior to an anticipated recovery 
in value.  This methodology ensures that we evaluate available evidence concerning any declines in a disciplined 
manner. 

For fixed maturities that the Company does not intend to sell or for which it is more likely than not that the 
Company would not be required to sell before an anticipated recovery in value, the Company separates the expected 
credit loss component of the impairment from the amount related to all other factors. The expected credit loss component 
is recognized as an allowance for expected credit losses. The allowance is adjusted for any additional credit losses and 
subsequent recoveries, which are booked in income as either credit loss expense or credit loss benefit, respectively. Upon 
recognizing a credit loss, the cost basis is not adjusted. The impairment related to all other factors (non-credit factors) is 
reported in other comprehensive income. 

For further information, see “Results of Operations: Credit Loss Benefit (Expense).” 

Forward-Looking Statements 

 Forward-looking statements might include one or more of the following, among others: 



Projections of revenues, income, earnings per share, capital expenditures, dividends, capital structure 
or other financial items; 

 Descriptions of plans or objectives of management for future operations, products or services; 



Forecasts of future economic performance, liquidity, need for funding and income; 
The impact of COVID-19 and related economic conditions, including the Company's assessment of the 
vulnerability of certain categories of investments due to the economic disruptions associated with 
COVID-19; 
Legal and regulatory commentary; 


 Descriptions of assumptions underlying or relating to any of the foregoing; and 


Future performance of credit markets. 

Forward-looking statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current 

facts.  They often include words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “estimate,” “aim,” 
“projects,” or words of similar meaning and expressions that indicate future events and trends, or future or conditional 
verbs such as “will,” “would,” “should,” “could,” or “may.”  All statements that address expectations or projections 
about the future, including statements about the Company’s strategy for growth, product development, market position, 
expenditures and financial results, are forward-looking statements. 

Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance.  By their nature, forward-looking 

statements are subject to risks and uncertainties.  There are a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control, 
that could cause actual future conditions, events, results or trends to differ significantly and/or materially from historical 

55 

results or those projected in the forward-looking statements.  These factors include but are not limited to: 








The competitive nature of our industry and the possible adverse effects of such competition;   
Conditions for business operations and restrictive regulations in Massachusetts; 
The possibility of losses due to claims resulting from severe weather; 
The possibility that the Commissioner may approve future rule changes that change the operation of 
the residual market; 
The possibility that existing insurance-related laws and regulations will become further restrictive in 
the future; 

 Our possible need for and availability of additional financing, and our dependence on strategic 







relationships, among others;  
The effects of emerging claim and coverage issues on the Company’s business are uncertain, and 
court decisions or legislative or regulatory changes that take place after the Company issues its 
policies, including those taken in response to COVID-19 (such as requiring insurers to cover business 
interruption claims irrespective of terms or other conditions included in the policies that would 
otherwise preclude coverage), can result in an unexpected increase in the number of claims and have a 
material adverse impact on the Company's results of operations; 
The possibility that civil litigation and/or the Commissioner may require additional premium relief 
payouts related to COVID-19; 
The impact of COVID-19 and related risks, including on the Company's employees, agents or other 
key partners, could materially affect the Company's results of operations, financial position and/or 
liquidity; and 

 Other risks and factors identified from time to time in our reports filed with the SEC.  Refer to 

Part I, Item 1A — Risk Factors. 

Some other factors, such as market, operational, liquidity, interest rate, equity and other risks, are described 

elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Factors relating to the regulation and supervision of our Company are 
also described or incorporated in this report.  There are other factors besides those described or incorporated in this 
report that could cause actual conditions, events or results to differ from those in the forward-looking statements. 

Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of 
the date on which they are made.  We do not undertake any obligation to update publicly or revise any forward-looking 
statements to reflect circumstances or events that occur after the date the forward-looking statements are made. 

56 

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Market Risk.  Market risk is the risk that we will incur losses due to adverse changes in market rates and prices.  
We have exposure to market risk through our investment activities and our financing activities. Our primary market risk 
exposure is to changes in interest rates. We use both fixed and variable rate debt as sources of financing.  We have not 
entered, and do not plan to enter, into any derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. 

Interest Rate Risk.  Interest rate risk is the risk that we will incur economic losses due to adverse changes in 

interest rates.  Our exposure to interest rate changes primarily results from our significant holdings of fixed rate 
investments and from our financing activities. Our fixed maturity investments include U.S. and foreign government 
bonds, securities issued by government agencies, obligations of state and local governments and governmental 
authorities, corporate bonds and asset-backed securities, most of which are exposed to changes in prevailing interest 
rates. 

We manage our exposure to risks associated with interest rate fluctuations through active review of our 

investment portfolio by our management and Board and consultation with third-party financial advisors.  As a general 
matter, we do not attempt to match the durations of our assets with the durations of our liabilities, and the majority of our 
liabilities are “short tail.”  Our goal is to maximize the total after-tax return on all of our investments. An important 
strategy that we employ to achieve this goal is to try to hold enough in cash and short-term investments in order to avoid 
liquidating longer-term investments to pay claims. 

Based upon the results of interest rate sensitivity analysis, the following table shows the interest rate risk of our 

investments in fixed maturities, measured in terms of fair value (which is equal to the carrying value for all our fixed 
maturity securities). 

As of December 31, 2021
Estimated fair value
Estimated increase (decrease) in fair value

As of December 31, 2020
Estimated fair value
Estimated increase (decrease) in fair value

-100 Basis
Point Change

No Change

+100 Basis
Point Change

$
$

$
$

1,261,399
43,120

1,298,384
41,731

$
$

$
$

1,218,279

$
— $

1,256,653

$
— $

1,174,068
(44,211)

1,216,947
(39,706)

With respect to floating rate debt, we are exposed to the effects of changes in prevailing interest rates.  At 

December 31, 2021, we had no debt outstanding under our credit facility.  Assuming the full utilization of our current 
available credit facility, a 2.0% increase in the prevailing interest rate on our variable rate debt would result in interest 
expense increasing approximately $600 for 2021, assuming that all of such debt is outstanding for the entire year. 

In addition, in the current market environment, our investments can also contain liquidity risks. 

Equity Risk.  Equity risk is the risk that we will incur economic losses due to adverse changes in equity prices.  
Our exposure to changes in equity prices results from our holdings of common stock and mutual funds held to fund the 
executive deferred compensation plan.  We continuously evaluate market conditions and we expect in the future to 
purchase additional equity securities.  We principally manage equity price risk through industry and issuer diversification 
and asset allocation techniques. 

57 

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA 

SAFETY INSURANCE GROUP, INC. 

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Consolidated Financial Statements:

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID No. 34)

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID No. 238)

Balance Sheets

Statements of Operations

Statements of Comprehensive Income

Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity

Statements of Cash Flows

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Page

59

62

63

64

65

66

67

68

58 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 

To the shareholders and the Board of Directors of Safety Insurance Group, Inc. 

Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Safety Insurance Group, Inc. and subsidiaries (the 
"Company") as of December 31, 2021, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, 
changes in shareholders' equity, and cash flows, for the year ended December 31, 2021, the related notes, and the 
schedules listed in the Index at Item 15 (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). We also have audited the 
Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal 
Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway 
Commission (COSO).  

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of 
the Company as of December 31, 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year ended December 
31, 2021, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our 
opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of 
December 31, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO. 

Basis for Opinions 

The Company’s management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over 
financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the 
accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting.  Our responsibility is to express an 
opinion on these financial statements and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on 
our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United 
States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal 
securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and 
perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material 
misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was 
maintained in all material respects.  

Our audit of the financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the 
financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures to respond to those risks. Such procedures 
included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our 
audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as 
evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting 
included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material 
weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the 
assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the 
circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions. 

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting 

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding 
the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with 
generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies 
and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the 
transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are 
recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting 
principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of 

59 

management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely 
detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the 
financial statements.  

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. 
Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become 
inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may 
deteriorate. 

Critical Audit Matter 

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements 
that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or 
disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or 
complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial 
statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate 
opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates. 

Losses and Loss Adjustment Expense Reserves – Refer to Notes 2 and 12 to the financial statements 

Critical Audit Matter Description 

The Company establishes loss and loss adjustment expense reserves as balance sheet liabilities representing estimates of 
amounts needed to pay reported and unreported losses and the expenses associated with investigating and paying the 
losses, or loss adjustment expenses. The loss and loss adjustment expense reserves are determined in accordance with 
generally accepted actuarial reserving techniques on the basis of the Company’s historical information and experience. In 
determining the loss and loss adjustment expense reserves, the Company analyzes historical data and estimates the 
impact of various loss development factors, such as the Company’s historical loss experience and that of the industry, 
trends in claims frequency and severity, the Company’s mix of business, the Company’s claims processing procedures, 
legislative enactments, judicial decisions, legal developments in imposition of damages, and changes and trends in 
general economic conditions, including the effects of inflation.   

Given the subjectivity of estimating the ultimate cost to settle the liabilities for reported and unreported losses due to 
uncertainties caused by various factors including frequency and severity of claims, as well as future legislative, judicial, 
and legal uncertainties, performing audit procedures to evaluate whether the ultimate cost of loss and loss adjustment 
expense reserves were appropriately recorded as of December 31, 2021 required a high degree of auditor judgment and 
an increased extent of effort, including the need to involve our actuarial specialists. 

How the Critical Audit Matter was Addressed in the Audit 

Our audit procedures related to loss and loss adjustment expense reserves included the following, among others: 

1. We tested the effectiveness of the Company’s controls related to loss and loss adjustment expense reserves, 
including controls over inputs, methods, and assumptions used in the Company’s estimation process. 

2. We tested the underlying data that served as the basis for the Company’s analysis, including historical claims, to 

test that the inputs to the actuarial estimate were complete and accurate. 

3. With the assistance of our actuarial specialists, we evaluated the methods and assumptions used by the 

Company to estimate loss and loss adjustment expense reserves by: 

a. Assessing the reasonableness of the Company’s analysis, developing independent estimates of loss and 
loss adjustment expense reserves and comparing such estimates to the Company’s recorded loss and 
loss adjustment expense reserves. 

b. Comparing the Company’s prior year estimates of expected incurred losses to actual experience during 
the current year to identify potential management bias in the determination of loss and loss adjustment 
expense reserves. 

60 

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP 
Boston, Massachusetts 
February 28, 2022 

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2021.

61 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Safety Insurance Group, Inc. 

Opinion on the Financial Statements 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Safety Insurance Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the 
"Company") as of December 31, 2020, and the related consolidated statements of operations, of comprehensive income, 
of changes in shareholders’ equity and of cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2020, 
including the related notes and financial statement schedules listed in the index appearing under Item 15 (collectively 
referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”).  

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial 
position of the Company as of December 31, 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two 
years in the period ended December 31, 2020  in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United 
States of America.  

Basis for Opinion 

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to 
express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting 
firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be 
independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and 
regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. 

We conducted our audits of these consolidated financial statements in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. 
Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the 
consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud.   

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial 
statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures 
included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial 
statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by 
management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our 
audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. 

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP 
Boston, Massachusetts 
February 26, 2021 

We served as the Company’s auditor from 1983 to 2020. 

62 

Safety Insurance Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries 
Consolidated Balance Sheets 

(Dollars in thousands, except share data) 

Assets
Investments:
Fixed maturities, available for sale, at fair value (amortized cost: $1,187,857 and $1,189,951, allowance for 
expected credit losses of $691 and $1,054)
Short term investments, at fair value (cost: $0 and $441)
Equity securities, at fair value (cost: $211,848 and $168,289)
Other invested assets
Total investments
Cash and cash equivalents
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for expected credit losses of $1,808 and $1,754
Receivable for securities sold
Accrued investment income
Taxes recoverable
Receivable from reinsurers related to paid loss and loss adjustment expenses
Receivable from reinsurers related to unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses
Ceded unearned premiums
Deferred policy acquisition costs
Equity and deposits in pools
Operating lease right-of-use-assets
Other assets

Total assets

Liabilities
Loss and loss adjustment expense reserves
Unearned premium reserves
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
Payable for securities purchased
Payable to reinsurers
Deferred income taxes
Debt
Operating lease liabilities
Other liabilities

Total liabilities

Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)

Shareholders’ equity
Common stock:  $0.01 par value; 30,000,000 shares authorized; 17,813,370 and 17,724,866 shares issued
Additional paid-in capital
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of taxes
Retained earnings
Treasury stock, at cost: 2,970,573 and 2,831,168 shares

Total shareholders’ equity

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

December 31,
2021

December 31,
2020

$

$

$

$

1,218,279
—
264,945
87,911
1,571,135
63,603
170,953
9,256
7,401
1,508
18,234
90,667
23,795
73,024
33,592
27,115
27,108
2,117,391

570,651
413,487
76,598
16,477
9,192
15,240
30,000
27,115
31,458
1,190,218

178
216,070
24,579
821,743
(135,397)
927,173
2,117,391

$

$

$

$

1,256,653
441
205,254
45,239
1,507,587
53,769
179,147
1,311
8,045
279
13,432
106,311
22,406
74,962
30,429
31,000
25,595
2,054,273

567,581
421,901
79,486
7,144
8,236
17,611
30,000
31,000
6,635
1,169,594

178
209,779
53,527
745,029
(123,834)
884,679
2,054,273

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements. 

63 

Safety Insurance Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries 
Consolidated Statements of Operations 

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data) 

Net earned premiums
Net investment income
Earnings from partnership investments
Net realized gains on investments
Change in unrealized gains on equity securities
Net impairment losses on investments (a)
Credit loss benefit (expense)
Finance and other service income
Total revenue

Losses and loss adjustment expenses
Underwriting, operating and related expenses
Interest expense
Total expenses

Income before income taxes
Income tax expense
Net income 

Earnings per weighted average common share:

Basic
Diluted

Cash dividends paid per common share

2021

Years Ended December 31,
2020

2019

$

$

$
$

$

774,328
44,135
19,829
14,885
16,130
—
363
15,241
884,911

461,727
258,392
522
720,641

164,270
33,560
130,710

8.85
8.80

3.60

$

$

$
$

$

771,078
41,045
6,901
957
10,449
—
(1,054)
16,872
846,248

404,556
266,482
440
671,478

174,770
36,559
138,211

9.25
9.18

3.60

$

$

$
$

$

788,777
46,665
1,937
2,976
21,454
(889)
—
16,833
877,753

509,846
244,136
90
754,072

123,681
24,080
99,601

6.52
6.46

3.40

Number of shares used in computing earnings per share:

Basic
Diluted

14,828,736
14,925,726

15,002,755
15,119,027

15,201,132
15,337,807

(a) No  portion  of  the  other-than-temporary  impairments  recognized  in  the  period  indicated  were  included  in  Other  Comprehensive 

Income.  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements. 

64 

Safety Insurance Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries 
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income 

(Dollars in thousands) 

Net income 

Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:

Unrealized holding (losses) gains during the period, net of income tax (benefit) 
expense of ($4,569), $6,936, and $10,964 .
Reclassification adjustment for net realized gains on investments included in net 
income, net of income tax expense of ($3,126), ($201), and ($625).
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:

Years Ended December 31,

2021

$

130,710

$

2020
138,211

2019

$

99,601

(17,189)

(11,759)
(28,948)

26,093

(756)
25,337

41,247

(2,351)
38,896

Comprehensive income 

$

101,762

$

163,548

$

138,497

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements. 

65 

Safety Insurance Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries 
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity 

(Dollars in thousands) 

Accumulated
Other

Balance at December 31, 2018 
Cumulative effect of adoption of updated accounting guidance 
for callable debt securities at January 1, 2019, net of taxes
Net income
Unrealized gains on securities available for sale, net of deferred 
federal income taxes
Restricted share awards issued 
Recognition of employee share-based compensation 
Dividends paid and accrued 
Balance at December 31, 2019 
Net income
Unrealized gains on securities available for sale, net of deferred 
federal income taxes
Restricted share awards issued 
Recognition of employee share-based compensation 
Dividends paid and accrued 
Acquisition of treasury stock 
Balance at December 31, 2020 
Net income 
Unrealized losses on securities available for sale, net of 
deferred federal income taxes 
Restricted share awards issued 
Recognition of employee share-based compensation 
Dividends paid and accrued 
Acquisition of treasury stock 
Balance at December 31, 2021 

Common
Stock
176

$

—

—
1
—
—
177
—

—
1
—
—

178
—

—
—
—
—

Additional Comprehensive
(Loss) Income,
Net of Taxes

Paid-in
Capital
$ 196,292

$

(10,706) $

Retained
Earnings
616,717

$

Treasury
Stock
(83,835) $

Total
Shareholders’
Equity

—

—

—
462
5,567
—
202,321
—

—
528
6,930
—

209,779
—

—
475
5,816
—

38,896
—
—
—
28,190
—

25,337
—
—
—

53,527
—

(28,948)
—
—
—

(2,373)
99,601

—
—
—
(52,392)
661,553
138,211

—
—
—
(54,735)

745,029
130,710

—
—
—
(53,996)

—

—
—
—
—
(83,835)
—

—
—
—
—
(39,999)
(123,834)
—

—
—
—
—
(11,563)
$ (135,397) $

718,644

(2,373)
99,601

38,896
463
5,567
(52,392)
808,406
138,211

25,337
529
6,930
(54,735)
(39,999)
884,679
130,710

(28,948)
475
5,816
(53,996)
(11,563)
927,173

$

178

$ 216,070

$

24,579

$

821,743

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements. 

66 

Safety Insurance Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 

(Dollars in thousands) 

Cash flows from operating activities:

Net income
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating 
activities:

2021

Year Ended December 31,
2020

2019

$

130,710

$

138,211

$

99,601

Investment amortization, net
Fixed asset depreciation, net
Stock based compensation
Credit for deferred income taxes
Net realized gains on investments
Net impairment losses on investments 
Credit loss (benefit) expense
Earnings from partnership investments
Change in net unrealized gains on equity securities
Changes in assets and liabilities:

Accounts receivable, net
Accrued investment income
Receivable from reinsurers
Ceded unearned premiums
Deferred policy acquisition costs
Taxes recoverable/payable
Other assets
Loss and loss adjustment expense reserves
Unearned premium reserves
Taxes payable
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
Payable to reinsurers
Other liabilities

Net cash provided by operating activities

Cash flows from investing activities:

Fixed maturities purchased
Short term investments purchased
Equity securities purchased
Other invested assets purchased
Proceeds from sales and paydowns of fixed maturities
Proceeds from maturities, redemptions, and calls of fixed maturities
Proceed from sales of equity securities
Proceeds from other invested assets redeemed
Fixed assets purchased
Net cash used for investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities:

Proceeds from FHLB loan
Dividends paid to shareholders
Acquisition of treasury stock
Net cash used for financing activities

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the year for:
Federal and state income taxes
Interest

$

$
$

4,234
6,896
6,292
5,323
(14,885)
—
(363)
(13,896)
(16,130)

8,194
644
10,842
(1,389)
1,938
(1,229)
(3,346)
3,070
(8,414)
—
(2,876)
956
24,823
141,394

(355,561)
—
(59,296)
(32,814)
213,665
144,910
26,724
4,608
(8,225)
(65,989)

—
(54,008)
(11,563)
(65,571)

9,834
53,769
63,603

29,190
507

$

$
$

6,541
7,527
7,459
5,159
(957)
—
1,054
(1,932)
(10,449)

14,222
359
13,948
12,776
(675)
724
(15)
(42,985)
(20,318)
—
4,310
(4,675)
(20,824)
109,460

(217,269)
(441)
(49,326)
(11,868)
126,555
86,390
34,542
5,839
(9,946)
(35,524)

30,000
(54,575)
(39,999)
(64,574)

9,362
44,407
53,769

31,080
388

$

$
$

4,922
5,485
6,030
4,757
(2,976)
889
—
(904)
(21,454)

(3,307)
16
(11,602)
(1,208)
(932)
(1,003)
(1,864)
25,847
6,839
(6,090)
3,395
691
5,324
112,456

(219,875)
—
(28,586)
(14,794)
135,119
58,676
23,966
2,124
(9,594)
(52,964)

—
(52,667)
—
(52,667)

6,825
37,582
44,407

26,780
75

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements. 

67 

1. 

Basis of Presentation 

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the basis of accounting principles generally 

accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The consolidated financial statements include Safety Insurance 
Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”). The subsidiaries consist of Safety Insurance Company, Safety 
Indemnity Insurance Company, Safety Property and Casualty Insurance Company, Safety Northeast Insurance Company, 
Safety Asset Management Corporation (“SAMC”), and Safety Management Corporation, which is SAMC’s holding 
company. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated.  

The Company was incorporated on June 25, 2001 in the State of Delaware. On October 16, 2001, the Company 

acquired all of the issued and outstanding common stock of Thomas Black Corporation (“TBC”) and its property and 
casualty subsidiaries. TBC subsequently merged with and into Safety Insurance Group, Inc. with Safety Insurance 
Group, Inc. being the corporation surviving the merger. 

The Company is a leading provider of property and casualty insurance focused primarily on the Massachusetts 
market. The Company’s principal product line is private passenger automobile insurance, which accounted for 53.6% of 
its direct written premiums in 2021. The Company operates through its insurance company subsidiaries, Safety Insurance 
Company, Safety Indemnity Insurance Company, Safety Property and Casualty Insurance Company, and Safety 
Northeast Insurance Company (together referred to as the “Insurance Subsidiaries”). 

The Insurance Subsidiaries began writing private passenger automobile and homeowners insurance in New 

Hampshire during 2008, personal umbrella insurance in New Hampshire during 2009, and commercial automobile 
insurance in New Hampshire during 2011. The Insurance Subsidiaries began writing all of these lines of business in 
Maine during 2016.  

Management has assessed and concluded that there were no conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, 

that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date the 
financial statements were issued. 

2. 

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies 

Investments 

Investments in fixed maturities, which include taxable and non-taxable bonds and redeemable preferred stocks, 

are reported at fair value. Fair values for fixed maturity securities are based on estimates obtained from independent 
pricing services. Unrealized gains or losses on fixed maturity securities reported at fair value are excluded from earnings 
and reported in a separate component of shareholder’s equity known as “accumulated other comprehensive income net of 
taxes” until realized. For fixed maturities that the Company does not intend to sell or for which it is more likely than not 
that the Company would not be required to sell before an anticipated recovery in value, the Company separates the credit 
loss component of the impairment from the amount related to all other factors and reports the credit loss component as 
credit loss expense.  The impairment related to all other factors (non-credit factors) is reported in accumulated other 
comprehensive income. The allowance is adjusted for any additional credit losses and subsequent recoveries. Upon 
recognizing a credit loss, the cost basis is not adjusted. See Note 3 for further details of the Company’s accounting for 
impairments of available-for-sale investments. 

Short-term investments, which consist of securities with original maturities greater than three months but less 

than one year, are reported at fair value.  

Investments in equity securities, which include interests in common stocks, mutual funds and a real estate 

investment trust (“REIT”), are reported at fair value. Fair values for equity securities are derived from external market 
quotations, with the exception of the REIT whose fair value was determined using the trust’s net asset value obtained 
from its audited financial statements. Changes in unrealized gains or losses on equity securities are recognized in 
earnings. 

68 

Other invested assets consist of investments in limited partnerships. The partnership interest is accounted for 
using the equity method of accounting and recorded in earnings from partnership investments. The carrying value of 
these investments are written down, or impaired, to fair value when a decline in value is considered to be 
other-than-temporary. In applying the equity method (including assessment for other-than-temporary impairment), the 
Company uses financial information provided by the investee, generally on a three month lag.  

Realized gains or losses on the sale or maturity of investments are determined based on the specific cost 

identification method.  

Investment income is recognized on an accrual basis of accounting. Bonds not backed by other loans are 
amortized using the interest method. Loan-backed bonds and structured securities are amortized using the interest 
method and significant changes in estimated cash flows from the original purchase assumptions are accounted for using 
the retrospective method. 

Cash and Cash Equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents includes money market accounts and United States (“U.S.”) Treasury bills with 
original maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase. U.S. Treasury bills are stated at amortized cost, 
which approximates fair value. 

Accounts Receivable 

Amounts included in accounts receivable represent premiums as well as finance charges, the majority of which 

are billed on a monthly installment basis. Accounts receivable are stated net of allowances for doubtful accounts. At 
December 31, 2021 and 2020, these allowances were $1,808 and $1,754, respectively. Uncollected premium balances 
over ninety days past due are written off. 

Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs 

Amounts that vary with and are primarily related to the successful acquisition of a new or renewal insurance 

contract, principally commissions and premium taxes, are deferred and amortized ratably over the effective period of the 
policy. All other acquisition expenses are expensed as incurred. Deferred policy acquisition costs are reviewed to 
determine if they are recoverable from future income, and if not, are charged to expense. Future investment income 
attributable to related premiums is not taken into account in measuring the recoverability of the carrying value of this 
asset. Amortization of acquisition costs in the amount of $146,573, $146,955 and $147,945 were charged to 
underwriting, operating and other expenses for the years ended 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. 

Equity and Deposits in Pools 

Equity and deposits in pools represents the net receivable amounts from the residual market mechanisms, 

Commonwealth Automobile Reinsurers (“CAR”) for automobile and Massachusetts Property Insurance Underwriting 
Association (“FAIR Plan”) for homeowners insurance in Massachusetts. See Note 11 for a discussion of the Company’s 
accounting for amounts assumed from residual markets. 

Equipment and Leasehold Improvements 

Property, equipment, leasehold improvements, and software which are included in other assets are carried at 

cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is provided using the straight- line or accelerated method over the 
estimated useful lives of the related assets, which range from 3 to 10 years. Amortization of leasehold improvements is 
provided using the straight-line method over the term of the lease. The costs of computer software developed or obtained 
for internal use are capitalized and amortized over the estimated life of the business system, beginning when the software 
is ready for its intended use. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. 

69 

Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses 

Liabilities for losses and loss adjustment expenses (“LAE”) include case basis estimates for open claims 
reported prior to year-end and estimates of unreported claims and claim adjustment expenses, net of salvage and 
subrogation. The estimates are continually reviewed and modified to reflect current conditions, and any resulting 
adjustments are reflected in current operating results. Adjustments for anticipated salvage and subrogation are recorded 
on incurred and reported and incurred but not reported losses.   

The Company determines its loss and LAE reserves estimate based upon the analysis of our actuaries.  A 

reasonable estimate is derived by selecting a point estimate within a range of indications as calculated by our actuaries 
using generally accepted actuarial techniques. The key assumption in most actuarial analysis is that past patterns of 
frequency and severity will repeat in the future, unless a significant change in the factors described above takes place.  
Our key factors and resulting assumptions are the ultimate frequency and severity of claims, based upon the most recent 
ten years of claims reported to the Company, and the data reported to us to calculate our share of the residual market.  
For each accident year and each coverage within a line of business our actuaries calculate the ultimate losses incurred. 

Premiums and Unearned Premiums 

Premiums are earned over the terms of the respective policies, which are generally one year. Unearned 

premiums represent the portion of premiums written applicable to the unexpired terms of the policies. 

Ceded premiums are charged to income over the terms of the respective policies and the applicable term of the 

reinsurance contracts with third-party reinsurers. Ceded unearned premiums represent the unexpired portion of premiums 
ceded to CAR and other reinsurers. 

Premiums received in advance of the policy effective date are recorded as a liability and not recognized as 
income until earned. Such amounts are included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities and totaled $10,630 and 
$10,441 at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. 

Reinsurance 

Liabilities for unearned premiums and unpaid losses are stated before deductions for ceded reinsurance. The 

ceded amounts are carried as receivables. Earned premiums are stated net of deductions for ceded reinsurance. 

The Company, as primary insurer, will be required to pay losses in their entirety in the event that the reinsurers 

are unable to discharge their obligations under the reinsurance agreements. 

Advertising Costs 

Advertising costs are charged to expense when they are incurred. Total advertising costs were $2,232, $2,311 

and $2,182 for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively.   

Finance and Other Service Income 

Finance and other service income primarily include revenues from premium installment charges, which are 

recognized when earned. 

Income Taxes 

The Company and its subsidiaries file a consolidated U.S. federal income tax return. The method of allocation 

among members of the consolidated group is subject to a written agreement approved by the Board of Directors (the 
“Board”). The consolidated tax liability is allocated on the basis of the members’ proportionate contribution to 
consolidated taxable income. 

70 

Deferred income taxes are generally recognized when assets and liabilities have different values for financial 

statement and tax reporting purposes, and for other temporary taxable and deductible differences as defined by 
Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 740, Income Taxes. A valuation allowance is established where 
management has assessed that it is more likely than not that the Company will not be able to utilize the full deferred tax 
asset. 

Earnings per Weighted Average Common share 

Basic earnings per weighted average common share (“EPS”) are calculated by dividing net income by the 

weighted average number of basic common shares outstanding during the period.  Diluted earnings per share amounts 
are based on the weighted average number of common shares including non-vested performance stock grants. 

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted EPS for the periods indicated. 

Earnings attributable to common shareholders - basic and diluted:
Net income from continuing operations

Allocation of income for participating shares

Net income from continuing operations attributed to common shareholders
Earnings per share denominator - basic and diluted

Total weighted average common shares outstanding, including participating shares
Less: weighted average participating shares

Basic earnings per share denominator
Common equivalent shares- non-vested performance stock grants
Diluted earnings per share denominator

Basic earnings per share
Diluted earnings per share

Undistributed earnings attributable to common shareholders - basic and diluted:
Net income from continuing operations attributable to common shareholders -basic
Dividends declared
Undistributed earnings 

Net income from continuing operations attributable to common shareholders -diluted
Dividends declared
Undistributed earnings 

Years Ended December 31,
2020

2021

2019

130,710
575
131,285

$

$

138,211
636
138,847

14,894,532
(65,796)
14,828,736
96,990
14,925,726

15,071,955
(69,200)
15,002,755
116,272
15,119,027

8.85
8.80

8.85
(3.60)
5.25

8.80
(3.60)
5.20

$
$

$

$

$

$

9.25
9.18

9.25
(3.60)
5.65

9.18
(3.60)
5.58

$

$

$
$

$

$

$

$

99,601
(523)
99,078

15,281,363
(80,231)
15,201,132
136,675
15,337,807

6.52
6.46

6.52
(3.40)
3.12

6.46
(3.40)
3.06

$

$

$
$

$

$

$

$

Diluted EPS excludes non vested performance stock grants with exercise prices and exercise tax benefits greater 

than the average market price of the Company’s common stock during the period because their inclusion would be 
anti-dilutive. There were no anti-dilutive non-vested performance stock grants for the years ended December 31, 2021 
2020 and 2019. 

Share-Based Compensation 

ASC 718, Compensation —Stock Compensation requires the Company to measure and recognize the cost of 
employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments.  Under the provisions of ASC 718, share-
based compensation cost is measured at the grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and is recognized as an 
expense over the requisite service period (generally the vesting period of the equity grant). 

See Note 7 for further information regarding share-based compensation. 

71 

Use of Estimates 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and 
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at 
the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual 
results could differ from those estimates. 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements 

In December 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 

2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, which removes certain exceptions to 
the general principles of ASC 740, including exceptions to intra-period tax allocation where there is a loss from 
continuing operations, foreign subsidiary treatment and for calculating interim income taxes when the year-to-date loss 
exceeds the anticipated loss. The update also clarifies and amends existing guidance related to changes in tax laws, 
business combinations, employee stock plans, among others. The Company adopted the ASU effective January 1, 2021. 
As a result of adoption, there was no impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, cash flows, or 
disclosures. 

On March 20, 2019, the SEC adopted amendments to Regulation S-K and related rules and forms to modernize 
and simplify certain disclosure requirements for public companies. The amendments are intended to reduce the costs and 
burdens of the disclosure process and while continuing to require disclosure of all material information. The amended 
rules generally were effective on May 2, 2019 and reduced disclosures but some provisions added new requirements. On 
August 26, 2020, the SEC adopted additional amendments to Regulation S-K to modernize certain disclosure 
requirements relating to the description of business, legal proceedings and risk factors which are required to be disclosed 
in the Form 10-K. The amended rules are effective for filings on or after November 9, 2020. The adoption of the new 
rules did not and will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, cash flows, 
or disclosures. 

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—

Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement, which changes the fair value measurement 
disclosure requirements under ASC 820. The Company’s adoption of ASU 2018-13 on January 1, 2020 did not have an 
impact on the fair value disclosures included in Note 16 – Fair Value of Financial Instruments.  

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-08, Receivables – Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 
310-20): Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities, which requires certain premiums on callable 
debt securities to be amortized to the earliest call date. The amortization period for callable debt securities purchased at a 
discount will not be impacted. The Company adopted ASU 2017-08 effective January 1, 2019 which resulted in the 
recognition of $2,373 of additional amortization, net of tax, as a cumulative effect adjustment which decreased retained 
earnings by that amount. 

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement 
of Credit Losses on Financial Statements, which amends the guidance for the impairment of financial instruments and is 
expected to result in more timely recognition of impairment losses. The update introduces an impairment model referred 
to as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model. The impairment model is based on expected losses rather than 
incurred losses. Under the new guidance, an entity recognizes as an allowance its estimate of expected credit losses. The 
ASU is also intended to reduce the complexity of the current guidance by decreasing the number of credit impairment 
models that entities use to account for debt instruments. For public business entities that are SEC filers, the amendments 
in ASU No. 2016-13 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within 
those fiscal years. The Company adopted the updated guidance on January 1, 2020 using the modified retrospective 
approach. The updated guidance did not have a material impact on the opening balance of retained earnings. The 
Company has elected not to measure expected credit losses for accrued interest receivables related to its finance 
receivables and fixed maturity securities. At March 31, 2020, the Company recognized an allowance for expected credit 
losses related to its available-for-sale (“AFS”) debt securities of $2,510. The Company has not restated comparative 

72 

information for 2019 and, therefore, the comparative information for 2019 is reported under the prior model and is not 
comparable to the information presented for 2020. 

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases. ASU 2016-02 establishes a right-of-use (“ROU”) 

model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms 
longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of 
expense recognition in the income statement. The new standard was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 
15, 2018. In 2018, the FASB issued two additional updates, ASU 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, 
Leases and ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements, both of which have the same effective date and 
transition requirements as ASU 2016-02. ASU 2018-10 makes sixteen technical corrections to alleviate unintended 
consequences from applying the new standard and does not make any substantive changes to the core provisions or 
principals of the new standard. ASU 2019-11 creates an additional transition method which allows companies to elect to 
not adjust their comparative period financial information and disclosures for the effects of the new lease standard and 
also creates a practical expedient for lessors to not separate lease and non-lease components. The Company adopted ASU 
2016-02, ASU 2018-10 and ASU 2018-11 effective January 1, 2019 (“the application date”) using the required modified 
retrospective transition approach.  In accordance with the guidance, the Company has elected not to adjust comparative 
periods. As such, ASC 842 will be applied to each lease that had commenced as of the application date with a cumulative 
effect adjustment as of that date. As of January 1, 2019, a right of use asset and lease liability of $35,984 were recorded 
in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. All periods prior to the application date presented in the financial statements will not 
change and the guidance in ASC 840, Leases, will apply. There was no impact on retained earnings or other components 
of equity in the Consolidated Balance Sheets upon implementation.  

Segments 

The Company comprises one business segment: property and casualty insurance operations. Management 

organizes the business around private passenger automobile insurance in Massachusetts sold exclusively through 
independent agents and offers other personal and commercial insurance as complementary products. In accordance with 
ASC 280, Segment Reporting, the financial information of the segment is presented consistent with the way results are 
regularly evaluated by the chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing 
performance. 

3. 

Investments 

The gross unrealized gains and losses on investments in fixed maturity securities, including redeemable 

preferred stocks that have characteristics of fixed maturities, and equity securities, including interests in mutual funds, 
and other invested assets, were as follows for the periods indicated. 

U.S. Treasury securities
Obligations of states and political 
subdivisions
Residential mortgage-backed securities (1)
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
Other asset-backed securities 
Corporate and other securities

Subtotal, fixed maturity securities

Equity securities (2)
Other invested assets (4)

Totals

$

$

As of December 31, 2021

Cost or
Amortized
Cost

Allowance for 
Expected Credit
Losses

Gross Unrealized

Gains

Losses  (3)

Estimated
Fair
Value

318

$

— $

6

$

— $

324

—
—
—
—
(691)
(691)
—
—
(691)

$

4,847
5,941
5,007
475
20,647
36,923
54,861
—
91,784

$

(123)
(1,503)
(442)
(255)
(3,487)
(5,810)
(1,764)
—
(7,574)

$

116,302
241,464
150,883
83,596
625,710
1,218,279
264,945
87,911
1,571,135

111,578
237,026
146,318
83,376
609,241
1,187,857
211,848
87,911
1,487,616

$

73 

U.S. Treasury securities
Obligations of states and political 
subdivisions
Residential mortgage-backed securities (1)
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
Other asset-backed securities 
Corporate and other securities

Subtotal, fixed maturity securities

Short term investments
Equity securities (2)
Other invested assets (4)

Totals

As of December 31, 2020

Cost or
Amortized
Cost

Allowance for 
Expected Credit
Losses

Gross Unrealized

Gains

Losses  (3)

Estimated
Fair
Value

$

1,821

$

— $

44

$

— $

1,865

214,647
229,910
115,575
72,756
555,242
1,189,951
441
168,289
45,239
1,403,920

$

—
—
—
—
(1,054)
(1,054)
—
—
—
(1,054)

$

7,745
11,701
10,460
531
38,415
68,896
—
38,676
—
107,572

$

(3)
(14)
—
(163)
(960)
(1,140)
—
(1,711)
—
(2,851)

$

222,389
241,597
126,035
73,124
591,643
1,256,653
441
205,254
45,239
1,507,587

$

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

Residential mortgage-backed securities consists primarily of obligations of U.S. Government agencies including collateralized mortgage 
obligations issued, guaranteed and/or insured by the following issuers: Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA), Federal 
Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC), Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA) and the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB). 
Equity securities include common stock, preferred stock, mutual funds and interests in mutual funds held to fund the Company’s executive 
deferred compensation plan. 
The Company’s investment portfolio included 444 and 270 securities in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2021 and 
December 31, 2020, respectively. 
Other invested assets are accounted for under the equity method which approximates fair value. 

The amortized cost and the estimated fair value of fixed maturity securities, by maturity, are shown below for 

the period indicated. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to 
call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. 

Due in one year or less
Due after one year through five years
Due after five years through ten years
Due after ten years through twenty years
Due after twenty years
Asset-backed securities

Totals

As of December 31, 2021

Amortized
Cost

Estimated
Fair Value

45,874
246,621
374,788
52,592
1,262
466,720
1,187,857

$

$

45,844
253,781
385,569
55,341
1,800
475,944
1,218,279

$

$

The gross realized gains and losses on sales of investments were as follows for the periods indicated. 

Gross realized gains

Fixed maturity securities
Equity securities
Gross realized losses

Fixed maturity securities
Equity securities

Net realized gains on investments

2021

Years Ended December 31,
2020

2019

$

$

3,666
12,275

(1,036)
(20)
14,885

$

$

1,645
6,864

(2,166)
(5,386)
957

$

$

1,294
4,536

(1,805)
(1,049)
2,976

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into transactions involving various types of financial 

instruments, including investments in fixed maturities and equity securities. Investment transactions have credit exposure 
to the extent that a counter party may default on an obligation to the Company. Credit risk is a consequence of carrying, 
trading and investing in securities. To manage credit risk, the Company focuses on higher quality fixed income 
securities, reviews the credit strength of all companies in which it invests, limits its exposure in any one investment and 
monitors the portfolio quality, taking into account credit ratings assigned by recognized statistical rating organizations. 

74 

The following tables as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 present the gross unrealized losses included in the 

Company’s investment portfolio and the fair value of those securities aggregated by investment category. The tables also 
present the length of time that they have been in a continuous unrealized loss position. 

Less than 12 Months

12 Months or More

Total

As of December 31, 2021

Estimated
Fair Value

Unrealized Estimated Unrealized
Fair Value

Losses

Losses

Estimated
Fair Value

Unrealized
Losses

U.S. Treasury securities
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
Residential mortgage-backed securities
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
Other asset-backed securities
Corporate and other securities

Subtotal, fixed maturity securities

Equity securities

Total temporarily impaired securities

$

$

— $

2,985
97,116
29,660
39,266
181,470
350,497
19,457
369,954

$

— $
85
1,502
442
255
3,140
5,424
1,559
6,983

$

— $

1,012
11
—
—
11,436
12,459
1,029
13,488

$

— $
38
1
—
—
347
386
205
591

$

— $

3,997
97,127
29,660
39,266
192,906
362,956
20,486
383,442

$

—
123
1,503
442
255
3,487
5,810
1,764
7,574

Less than 12 Months

As of December 31, 2020
12 Months or More

Estimated
Fair Value

Unrealized Estimated Unrealized
Fair Value

Losses

Losses

Total

Estimated
Fair Value

Unrealized
Losses

U.S. Treasury securities
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
Residential mortgage-backed securities
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
Other asset-backed securities
Corporate and other securities

Subtotal, fixed maturity securities

Equity securities

Total temporarily impaired securities

$

$

— $

1,047
8,569
—
26,959
62,882
99,457
10,708
110,165

$

— $
3
14
—
84
863
964
986
1,950

$

— $
—
9
—
9,004
6,774
15,787
2,293
18,080

$

— $
—
—
—
79
97
176
725
901

$

— $

1,047
8,578
—
35,963
69,656
115,244
13,001
128,245

$

—
3
14
—
163
960
1,140
1,711
2,851

At December 31, 2021, U.S. Government residential mortgage backed securities with a fair value of $40,398 

are pledged as collateral for a borrowing with the Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston (“FHLB-Boston”) as described in 
Note 10 – Debt. These securities are included in fixed maturity securities on the Company’s Consolidated Balance 
Sheets.  

Impairments 

For fixed maturities that the Company does not intend to sell or for which it is more likely than not that the 

Company would not be required to sell before an anticipated recovery in value, the Company separates the credit loss 
component of the impairment from the amount related to all other factors. The expected credit loss component is 
recognized as an allowance for expected credit losses. The allowance is adjusted for any additional credit losses and 
subsequent recoveries, which are booked in income as either credit loss expense or credit loss benefit, respectively. Upon 
recognizing a credit loss, the cost basis is not adjusted. The impairment related to all other factors (non-credit factors) is 
reported in other comprehensive income. 

For fixed maturities where the Company records a credit loss, a determination is made as to the cause of the 

impairment and whether the Company expects a recovery in the value.  For fixed maturities where the Company expects 
a recovery in value, the constant effective yield method is utilized, and the investment is amortized to par. 

For fixed maturity investments the Company intends to sell or for which it is more likely than not that the 

Company will be required to sell before an anticipated recovery in value, the full amount of the impairment is included 
in credit loss expense. The new cost basis of the investment is the previous amortized cost basis less the impairment 
recognized in credit loss expense.  The new cost basis is not adjusted for any subsequent recoveries in fair value. 

75 

The Company uses a systematic methodology to evaluate declines in fair values below cost or amortized cost of 

our investments. Some of the factors considered in assessing impairment of fixed maturities due to credit losses include 
the extent to which the fair value is less than amortized cost, the financial condition of and the near and long-term 
prospects of the issuer, whether the debtor is current on its contractually obligated interest and principal payments, 
changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency, the historical volatility of the fair value of the security and 
whether it is more like than not that the Company will be required to sell the investment prior to an anticipated recovery 
in value.  

As of December 31, 2021, the Company concluded that $691 of unrealized losses were due to credit factors and 

were recorded as an allowance for expected credit losses, compared to $1,054 as of December 31, 2020. The Company 
concluded that outside of the securities that were recognized as credit impaired, the unrealized losses recorded on the 
fixed maturity portfolio at December 31, 2021 and 2020 resulted from fluctuations in market interest rates and other 
temporary market conditions as opposed to fundamental changes in the credit quality of the issuers of such securities.  
Based upon the analysis performed, the Company’s decision to hold these securities, the Company’s current level of 
liquidity and our history of positive operating cash flows, management believes it is more likely than not that it will not 
be required to sell any of its securities before the anticipated recovery in the fair value to its amortized cost basis. 

The following tables represent a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the allowance for 

expected credit losses on fixed maturities classified as available for sale.   

Beginning of period

Credit losses on securities with no previously recorded credit losses
Net increases (decreases) in allowance on previously impaired securities
Reduction due to sales
Writeoffs charged against allowance
Recoveries of amounts previously written off

Ending balance of period

Year Ended December 31,

2021

2020

1,054
9
(137)
(235)
—
—
691

$

$

—
1,054
—
—
—
—
1,054

$

$

The Company holds no subprime mortgage debt securities. All of the Company’s holdings in mortgage-backed 

securities are either U.S. Government or Agency guaranteed or are rated investment grade by either Moody’s or Standard 
& Poor’s.

Net Investment Income

The components of net investment income were as follows for the periods indicated. 

Interest on fixed maturity securities
Dividends on equity securities
Equity in earnings of other invested assets 
Interest on other assets

Total Investment Income

Investment expenses

Net investment income

Years Ended December 31,

2021

2020

2019

36,160
6,421
4,895
22
47,498
3,363
44,135

$

$

37,727
5,044
1,378
27
44,176
3,131
41,045

$

$

42,892
5,268
1,552
32
49,744
3,079
46,665

$

$

4. 

Allowance for Expected Credit Losses 

The Company’s financial instruments include premiums and accounts receivable, and reinsurance recoverables. 

Premiums and accounts receivable are reported net of an allowance for expected credit losses. The allowance is 

based upon the Company’s ongoing review of amounts outstanding, historical loss data, including delinquencies and 
write-offs, current and forecasted economic conditions and other relevant factors. Credit risk is partially mitigated by the 

76 

 
Company’s ability to cancel the policy if the policyholder does not pay the premium and the Company writes off 
premiums receivable balances that are more than 90 days overdue. 

The following tables present the balances of premiums receivable, net of the allowance for expected credit 

losses, for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, and changes in the allowance for expected credit losses for the 
years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. 

At and For the 
Year Ended December 31, 2021

Accounts 
Receivable Net of 
Allowance for 
Expected Credit 
Losses

Allowance for 
Expected Credit 
Losses

At and For the 
Year Ended December 31, 2020
Accounts 
Receivable Net of 
Allowance for 
Expected Credit 
Losses

Allowance for 
Expected Credit 
Losses

Balance, beginning of period
Current period change for expected credit losses
Writeoffs of uncollectable accounts receivable 
Balance, end of period

$

$

179,147

$

170,953

$

1,754
2,339
(2,285)
1,808

$

$

193,369

$

179,147

$

578
3,294
(2,118)
1,754

Reinsurance recoverables include amounts due from reinsurers for both paid and unpaid losses. The Company 

cedes insurance to CAR and to other reinsurers. The Company has a property catastrophe excess of loss agreement and a 
casualty excess of loss agreement that qualify as reinsurance treaties and are designed to protect against large or unusual 
loss and LAE activity. Reinsurance contracts do not relieve the Company from its obligations to policyholders. Failure of 
reinsurers to honor their obligations could result in losses to the Company. The Company evaluates the financial 
condition of its reinsurers and monitors economic characteristics of the reinsurers to minimize its exposure to significant 
losses from reinsurer insolvencies. The Company reports its reinsurance recoverables net of an allowance for estimated 
uncollectable reinsurance. A probability-of-default methodology which reflects current and forecasted economic 
conditions is used to estimate the amount of uncollectible reinsurance due to credit-related factors and the estimate is 
reported in an allowance for estimated uncollectible reinsurance. Amounts deemed to be uncollectible, including 
amounts due from known insolvent reinsurers, are written off against the allowance. Changes in the allowance, as well as 
any subsequent collections of amounts previously written off, are reported as part of claims and claim adjustment 
expenses.   

The majority of the Company’s reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid losses is a result of our participation 

as a servicing carrier in the CAR Commercial Automobile Program, which represents 98% of the total reinsurance 
recoverable on paid and unpaid losses at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The remaining 2% of amounts due 
from reinsurers are related to our other excess of loss and quota share contracts. For amounts due under these contracts, 
the Company utilizes updated A.M. Best credit ratings on a quarterly basis to determine the allowance for expected 
credit losses. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, all reinsurers under these programs are rated “A” or better by A.M. 
Best. Certain of the Company's reinsurance recoverables are collateralized by letters of credit, funds held or trust 
agreements. The Company’s analysis concludes that there are no expected credit losses at December 31, 2021 or 2020. 

77 

5. 

Equipment and Leasehold Improvements 

The carrying value of equipment and leasehold improvements by classification was as follows for the periods 

indicated. Equipment and leasehold improvements are included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets. 

Software
Computer equipment
Leasehold improvements
Other equipment
Furniture and fixtures
Total cost
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization
Equipment and leasehold improvements, net

As of December 31,

2021

2020

$

$

57,463
15,425
8,264
3,132
4,346
88,630
65,188
23,442

$

$

50,988
13,734
8,264
3,132
4,286
80,404
58,293
22,111

Depreciation and amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 was $6,896, 

$7,526 and $5,166, respectively and is included in underwriting, operating and related expenses. 

6. 

Employee Benefit Plan 

The Company sponsors the Safety Insurance Company 401(k) qualified defined contribution retirement plan 

(the “Retirement Plan”). The Retirement Plan is available to all eligible employees of the Company. An employee must 
be 21 years of age to be eligible to participate in the Retirement Plan and is allowed to contribute on a pre-tax basis up to 
the maximum allowed under federal law. The Retirement Plan is administered by the Company and is subject to the 
provisions of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974. At the close of each Retirement Plan year, the 
Company makes a matching contribution equal to 100% of the amount each participant contributed during the plan year 
from their total pay, up to a maximum amount of 8% of the participant’s base salary, to those participants who have 
contributed to the Retirement Plan and were employed on the last day of the Retirement Plan year. Compensation 
expense related to the Retirement Plan was $3,433, $3,388, and $3,365 for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, 
and 2019, respectively. 

7. 

Share-Based Compensation  

2018 Long Term Incentive Plan

On April 2, 2018, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted the Safety Insurance Group, Inc. 2018 Long-Term 

Incentive Plan (“the 2018 Plan”), which was subsequently approved by our shareholders at the 2018 Annual Meeting of 
Shareholders. The 2018 Plan enables the grant of stock awards, performance shares, cash-based performance units, other 
stock-based awards, stock options, stock appreciation rights, and stock unit awards, each of which may be granted 
separately or in tandem with other awards. Eligibility to participate includes officers, directors, employees and other 
individuals who provide bona fide services to the Company. The 2018 Plan supersedes the Company’s 2002 
Management Omnibus Incentive Plan (“the 2002 Incentive Plan”).  

The 2018 Plan establishes an initial pool of 350,000 shares of common stock available for issuance to our 
employees and other eligible participants. The Board of Directors and the Compensation Committee intend to issue 
awards under the 2018 Plan in the future. 

The maximum number of shares of common stock between both the 2018 Plan and 2002 Incentive Plan with 
respect to which awards may be granted is 2,850,000. No further grants will be allowed under the 2002 Incentive Plan. 
At December 31, 2021, there were 164,908 shares available for future grant.   

78 

Restricted Stock  

Service-based restricted stock awarded in the form of unvested shares is recorded at the market value of the 

Company’s common stock on the grant date and amortized ratably as compensation expense over the requisite service 
period.  Service-based restricted stock awards generally vest over a three-year period and vest 30% on the first and 
second anniversaries of the grant date and 40% on the third anniversary of the grant date, except for non-executive 
employees’ restricted stock awards granted prior to 2018 which vest ratably over a five-year service period and 
independent directors’ stock awards which vest immediately.  Our independent directors are subject to stock ownership 
guidelines, which require them to have a value equal to four times their annual cash retainer. 

In addition to service-based awards, the Company grants performance-based restricted shares to certain 

employees.  These performance shares cliff vest after a three-year performance period provided certain performance 
measures are attained.  A portion of these awards, which contain a market condition, vest according to the level of total 
shareholder return achieved by the Company compared to its property-casualty insurance peers over a three-year period.  
The remainder, which contain a performance condition, vest according to the level of Company’s combined ratio results 
compared to a target based on its property-casualty insurance peers. 

Actual payouts can range from 0% to 200% of target shares awarded depending upon the level of achievement 

of the respective market and performance conditions during a three calendar-year performance period.  Compensation 
expense for share awards with a performance condition is based on the probable number of awards expected to vest 
using the performance level most likely to be achieved at the end of the performance period. 

Performance-based awards with market conditions are accounted for and measured differently from awards that 

have a performance or service condition.  The effect of a market condition is reflected in the award’s fair value on the 
grant date.  That fair value is recognized as compensation cost over the requisite service period regardless of whether the 
market-based performance objective has been satisfied. 

All of the Company’s restricted stock awards are issued as incentive compensation and are equity classified. 

The following table summarizes restricted stock activity under the Incentive Plan assuming a target payout for 

the performance-based shares. 

2021

Shares
Under
Restriction

66,550
39,840
(40,763)
(456)
65,171

Weighted
Average
Fair Value
85.16
$
79.27
80.82
81.17
84.30

Years Ended December 31, 
2020

Shares
Under
Restriction

78,202
34,799
(43,757)
(2,694)
66,550

Weighted
Average
Fair Value
79.09
$
90.10
78.10
87.70
85.16

2019

Shares
Under
Restriction

89,135
33,778
(44,085)
(626)
78,202

Weighted
Average
Fair Value
68.70
$
92.52
68.41
75.50
79.09

Shares Under
Restriction

2021
Performance-based Weighted
Average
Fair Value
84.94
$
77.56
75.05
87.43
86.53

71,964
49,460
(48,666)
(340)
72,418

Shares Under
Restriction

Years Ended December 31, 
2020
Performance-based Weighted
Average
Fair Value
79.34
$
84.68
73.55
84.86
84.94

84,105
36,649
(42,123)
(6,667)
71,964

Shares Under
Restriction

2019
Performance-based Weighted
Average
Fair Value
66.79
$
69.61
56.42
-
79.34

105,170
63,447
(84,512)
—
84,105

Outstanding at beginning of year
Granted
Vested and unrestricted
Forfeited
Outstanding at end of period

Outstanding at beginning of year
Granted (1)
Vested and unrestricted
Forfeited
Outstanding at end of period

(1)  Includes a true-up of previously awarded performance-based restricted share awards. The updated shares were calculated based on the attainment 
of pre-established performance objectives. 

79 

 As of December 31, 2021, there was $6,164 of unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested 

restricted stock awards that is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.5 years. The total fair value 
of the shares that were vested and unrestricted during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 was $6,947, 
$6,516 and $7,784, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, the Company recorded 
compensation expense related to awards under the Incentive Plan of $4,971, $5,893, and $4,764, net of income tax 
benefit of $1,321, $1,566, and $1,266, respectively. 

8. 

Commitments and Contingencies  

Commitments 

As part of the Company’s investment activity, we have committed $145,000 to investments in limited 

partnerships.  The Company has contributed $94,269 to these commitments as of December 31, 2021.  As of 
December 31, 2021, the remaining committed capital that could be called is $54,516, which includes potential recallable 
capital distributions. 

Contingencies 

 Various claims, generally incidental to the conduct of normal business, are pending or alleged against the 

Company from time to time. In the opinion of management, based in part on the advice of legal counsel, the ultimate 
resolution of such claims will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. 
However, if estimates of the ultimate resolutions of those proceedings are revised, liabilities related to those proceedings 
could be adjusted in the near term. 

The Company has been named in a lawsuit alleging that the Company improperly denied coverage to 
commercial insureds for loss of business income resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. Our business owner policies 
serve eligible small and medium sized commercial accounts including but not limited to apartments and condominiums; 
mercantile establishments; limited cooking restaurants; offices; and special trade contractors. The majority of these 
business owner policies do not contain a specific exclusion for viruses. However, as viruses do not produce direct 
physical damage or loss to property, our position is that no coverage exists for this peril. As a result, the Company 
accrued a reserve of $6,500 for legal defense costs during the year ended December 31, 2020. This amount is still 
accrued as of December 31, 2021 and is included in loss and loss adjustment expenses. 

On October 19, 2021, the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts (the “Court”) unanimously ruled that 

property and casualty insurers must compensate third-party claimants under property damage coverage, part 4 of the 
standard Massachusetts automobile insurance policy, 2008 edition (standard policy), for the inherent diminished value 
(“IDV”) that occurs when their vehicles are damaged in a crash. This ruling overturned a previous decision by the 
Massachusetts Superior Court, which found that a Massachusetts auto insurance policy did not provide property damage 
coverage for inherent diminished value damages for third-party claimants. The Court placed the burden of proof on the 
individual claimant by explicitly specifying that the claimant must establish that the vehicle has suffered IDV damages 
and also the amount of IDV damages at issue. The Court further ruled that an insurer’s previous denial of coverage for 
such damages could not serve as the basis for a claim of unfair business practices. Based on the Court’s rulings, at this 
time the Company does not expect any claims for IDV damages to be material, and therefore has not accrued for a 
specific loss contingency.  

Massachusetts law requires that insurers licensed to do business in Massachusetts participate in the 

Massachusetts Insurers Insolvency Fund (“Insolvency Fund”). Members of the Insolvency Fund are assessed a 
proportionate share of the obligations and expenses of the Insolvency Fund in connection with an insolvent insurer. It is 
anticipated that there will be additional assessments from time to time relating to various insolvencies. Although the 
timing and amounts of any future assessments are not known, based upon existing knowledge, management’s opinion is 
that such future assessments will not have a material effect upon the financial position of the Company. 

80 

9.  Leases

The Company has various non-cancelable, long-term operating leases, the largest of which are for office space 
including the corporate headquarters, VIP claims centers and law offices.  Other operating leases consist of auto leases 
and various office equipment.  The Company has no finance leases.  Our leases have remaining lease terms of one year 
to eight years, some of which include options to extend the leases for up to five years. 

Certain lease agreements contain renewal options and, in addition to the minimum annual rentals, generally 

provide for payment of a share of the real estate taxes and operating expenses in excess of a base amount. Rental expense 
for our office space, law offices and VIP claims centers was $3,852, $3,477 and $4,573 for the years ended 
December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. All leases expire prior to 2029. The Company expects that in the 
normal course of business, leases that expire will be renewed. 

The Company adopted ASU 2016-02, ASU 2018-10 and ASU 2018-11 effective January 1, 2019 (“the 

application date”) using the required modified retrospective transition approach.  In accordance with the guidance, the 
Company has elected not to adjust comparative periods.  As such ASC 842 will be applied to each lease that had 
commenced as of the application date with a cumulative effect adjustment as of that date.  All periods before the 
application date presented in the financial statements will not change and the guidance in ASC 840 will apply.  The 
Company has elected to apply the package of practical expedients provided in ASC 842 to all leases.  In addition, the 
Company has elected not to apply the hindsight practical expedient or the land easement practical expedient. 

In calculating lease liabilities the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate as of the application date based 

on original lease terms. The components of lease expense were as follows: 

Operating lease cost

$

4,464

$

Year Ended December 31,

2021

2020

4,591

Other information related to leases was as follows: 

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:

Operating cash flows from operating leases

Weighted average remaining lease term

Operating leases

Weighted average discount rate

Operating leases

Maturities of lease liabilities were as follows: 

2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
Thereafter

Total lease payments

Less imputed interest

Total

Year Ended December 31,

2021

2020

$

4,979

$

5,073

6.65 Years

2.34%

7.57 Years

2.33%

Operating Leases

4,739
4,312
4,234
3,835
3,857
7,715
28,692
(1,577)
27,115

$

$

81 

10. 

Debt 

On August 10, 2018, the Company extended its Revolving Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with 

Citizens Bank, N.A. (formerly known as RBS Citizens, N.A. (“Citizens Bank”)) to a maturity date of August 10, 2023. 
The Credit Agreement provides a $30,000 revolving credit facility with an accordion feature allowing for future 
expansion of the committed amount up to $50,000.  Loans under the credit facility bear interest at the Company’s option 
at either (i) the LIBOR rate plus 1.25% per annum or (ii) the higher of Citizens Bank prime rate or 0.5% above the 
federal funds rate plus 1.25% per annum. The Credit Agreement has additional language to select an alternate benchmark 
interest rate to replace the LIBOR rate when it is no longer available for use. Interest only is payable prior to maturity.   

The Company’s obligations under the credit facility are secured by pledges of its assets and the capital stock of 
its operating subsidiaries. The credit facility is guaranteed by the Company’s non-insurance company subsidiaries. The 
credit facility contains covenants including requirements to maintain minimum risk-based capital ratios and statutory 
surplus of Safety Insurance Company as well as limitations or restrictions on indebtedness, liens, and other matters. As 
of December 31, 2021, the Company was in compliance with all covenants. In addition, the credit facility includes 
customary events of default, including a cross-default provision permitting the lenders to accelerate the facility if the 
Company (i) defaults in any payment obligation under debt having a principal amount in excess of $10,000 or (ii) fails to 
perform any other covenant permitting acceleration of all such debt. 

The Company had no amounts outstanding on its credit facility at December 31, 2021 or 2020. The credit 

facility commitment fee included in interest expense was computed at a rate of 0.25% per annum on the $30,000 
commitment at December 31, 2021 and 2020.  

The Company is a member of the FHLB-Boston.  Membership in the FHLB-Boston allows the Company to 
borrow money at competitive interest rates provided the loan is collateralized by specific U.S Government residential 
mortgage backed securities.  At December 31, 2021, the Company has the ability to borrow approximately $211,296 
using eligible invested assets that would be used as collateral.  

On March 17, 2020, the Company borrowed $30,000 from the FHLB-Boston for a term of five-years, bearing 
interest at a rate of 1.42%. Interest is payable monthly and the principal is due on the maturity date of March 17, 2025 
but may be prepaid in whole or in part by the Company in advance with a minor penalty for prepayment.  

The Company estimates the fair value of the FHLB-Boston loan by discounting cash flows using the interest 

rate stated in the loan agreement, which is an observable input. As such, the loan is categorized as Level 2 within the fair 
value hierarchy. The fair value of the loan is $31,061 and $31,291 at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The 
loan is fully collateralized by specific U.S. Government residential mortgage-backed securities with a fair value of 
$40,398 and $37,467 at year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The borrowing is outstanding from the 
FHLB-Boston at year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. 

Interest expense on the FHLB-Boston borrowing was $432 and $439 for the year ended December 31, 2021 and 

2020, respectively. 

11. 

Reinsurance 

The Company cedes insurance to CAR and to other reinsurers. The Company has various excess of loss and 

quota share agreements that qualify as reinsurance treaties and are designed to protect against large or unusual loss and 
LAE activity. Reinsurance contracts do not relieve the Company from its obligations to policyholders. Failure of 
reinsurers to honor their obligations could result in losses to the Company. The Company evaluates the financial 
condition of its reinsurers and monitors economic characteristics of the reinsurers to minimize its exposure to significant 
losses from reinsurer insolvencies. 

The Company is subject to concentration of credit risk with respect to reinsurance ceded. At December 31, 

82 

2021, reinsurance receivables on paid and unpaid loss and LAE with a carrying value of $106,608 and ceded unearned 
premiums of $21,841 were associated with CAR. At December 31, 2020, reinsurance receivables on paid and unpaid 
loss and LAE with a carrying value of $117,681 and ceded unearned premiums of $20,589 were associated with CAR. 
The Company assumes a proportionate share of the obligations from CAR. The Company makes an estimate of its share 
of assumed activity from the most recent quarter reported by CAR and records adjustments to the reported activity to 
reflect its anticipated final assumed obligations. The Company’s participation in CAR resulted in assumed net losses of 
$5,002, $3,480 and $3,595 for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. 

CAR has been, with few exceptions, required by law to issue a policy to any applicant who seeks it. As a 

servicing carrier of CAR, this requirement has applied to the Company. 

The effect of assumed and ceded premiums on net written and earned premiums and losses and LAE incurred is 

as follows. 

Written Premiums

Direct
Assumed
Ceded

Net written premiums

Earned Premiums

Direct 
Assumed
Ceded

Net earned premiums

Loss and LAE Incurred

Direct
Assumed
Ceded

Net loss and LAE

2021

Years Ended December 31, 
2020

2019

$

$

$

$

$

$

802,139
31,359
(68,972)
764,526

811,329
30,583
(67,584)
774,328

473,162
16,873
(28,308)
461,727

$

$

$

$

$

$

798,712
26,316
(61,491)
763,537

815,981
29,365
(74,268)
771,078

428,018
18,595
(42,057)
404,556

$

$

$

$

$

$

852,404
32,391
(90,386)
794,409

845,102
32,853
(89,178)
788,777

562,192
28,529
(80,875)
509,846

12. 

Loss and Loss Adjustment Expense Reserves 

The following table sets forth a reconciliation of beginning and ending reserves for losses and loss adjustment 

expenses (“LAE”), as shown in the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the periods indicated. 

Reserves for losses and LAE at beginning of year
Less receivable from reinsurers related to unpaid losses and LAE
Net reserves for losses and LAE at beginning of year
Incurred losses and LAE, related to:

Current year
Prior years

Total incurred losses and LAE
Paid losses and LAE related to:

Current year
Prior years

Total paid losses and LAE
Net reserves for losses and LAE at end of period
Plus receivable from reinsurers related to unpaid losses and LAE
Reserves for losses and LAE at end of period

2021

Year Ended December 31,
2020

2019

$

$

$

567,581
(106,311)
461,270

$

610,566
(122,372)
488,194

515,400
(53,673)
461,727

310,116
132,897
443,013
479,984
90,667
570,651

$

459,400
(54,844)
404,556

277,754
153,726
431,480
461,270
106,311
567,581

$

584,719
(108,398)
476,321

551,895
(42,049)
509,846

333,377
164,596
497,973
488,194
122,372
610,566

At the end of each period, the reserves were re-estimated for all prior accident years. The Company’s prior year 

reserves decreased by $53,673, $54,844, and $42,049, for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, 
respectively, and resulted from re-estimations of prior years’ ultimate loss and LAE liabilities. The decrease in prior year 

83 

reserves during 2021 was primarily composed of reductions of $22,313 in the Company’s retained automobile and 
$26,220 in the Company’s retained other than auto and homeowners reserves. The decrease in prior year reserves during 
2020 was primarily composed of reductions of $26,902 in the Company’s retained automobile and $21,717 in the 
Company’s retained other than auto and homeowners reserves. The decrease in prior year reserves during 2019 was 
primarily composed of reductions of $25,623 in the Company’s retained automobile and $14,182 in the Company’s 
retained homeowners reserves. 

The Company’s private passenger automobile line of business prior year reserves decreased during the years 
ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 primarily due to improved retained private passenger results. The improved 
retained private passenger results were primarily due to fewer incurred but not yet reported claims than previously 
estimated and better than previously estimated severity on the Company’s established bodily injury and property damage 
case reserves. 

The following is information about incurred and paid claims development as of December 31, 2021, net of 

reinsurance, as well as cumulative claim frequency and the total of incurred-but-not-reported liabilities plus expected 
development on reported claims included within the net incurred claims amounts for our three largest lines of business. 
The cumulative number of reported claims include claims closed with payment, claims closed without payment and all 
open claims.  It does not include anticipated IBNR claims.  For the Private Passenger Automobile and Commercial 
Automobile lines of business, claim count is defined on a claimant basis where several claim counts may arise from a 
single auto accident.  For Homeowners and all other lines of business, claim count is defined on an accident basis. 

The information about incurred claims and allocated claim adjustment expense, net of reserves and paid 

ultimate claims development for the years ended December 31, 2012 to 2020 is presented as required supplementary 
information. 

84 

Private Passenger Automobile Liability
Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance

Accident Year

2012 

2013 

2014 

2015 

2016 

2017 

2018 

2019 

2020 

2021 

For the Years Ended December 31, 

2012

$ 175,262

$ 175,189

$ 174,856

$ 170,379

$ 167,831

$ 166,008

$ 163,350

$ 162,448

$ 162,520

$ 162,364

(Unaudited) 

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

183,367

183,517

183,264

181,492

179,167

176,713

175,684

175,718

187,305

187,104

186,798

183,119

181,312

179,251

179,267

190,036

190,236

188,317

184,477

181,299

179,451

192,912

192,318

185,009

180,486

177,009

185,673

184,429

182,068

177,941

176,411

175,222

170,447

176,171

174,439

130,335

175,362

179,268

179,248

176,600

177,320

168,185

170,477

125,888

146,997

Total

$ 1,661,709

Private Passenger Automobile Liability
Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance

As of December 31, 2021 
Total of 
Incurred-but-
Not-Reported 
Liabilities Plus 
Expected 
Development of 
Reported 
Claims 

Cumulative 
Number of 
Reported 
Claims 

$ -

(134)

(813)

(417)

(1,444)

(2,620)

(3,675)

(7,039)

(5,863)

(8,397)

53,273 

54,248 

52,787 

52,980 

49,383 

46,253 

43,069 

40,500 

26,040 

27,331 

Accident Year

2012 

2013 

2014 

2015 

2016 

2017 

2018 

2019 

2020 

2021 

For the Years Ended December 31, 

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

$ 74,306

$ 126,553

$ 144,157

$ 152,991

$ 157,443

$ 160,416

$ 161,749

$ 162,014

$ 162,121

$ 162,119

(Unaudited) 

79,049 

135,031 

152,472 

163,694 

169,634 

172,736 

173,890 

174,574 

79,151 

136,434 

156,693 

166,815 

173,163 

176,616 

177,360 

76,934 

138,255 

156,483 

168,641 

173,816 

176,652 

78,862 

137,917 

154,964 

167,458 

171,865 

77,519 

133,037 

153,675 

164,467 

72,895 

126,456 

143,656 

72,219 

127,910 

52,962 

174,639 

177,968 

177,782 

174,410 

169,024 

154,169 

143,570 

88,037 

56,826 

All outstanding liabilities before 2012, net of reinsurance

387 

Liabilities for claims and claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance

$ 183,552

Total

$ 1,478,544

85 

 
 
 
 
 
Private Passenger Automobile Physical Damage
Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance

Accident Year

2012 

2013 

2014 

2015 

2016 

2017 

2018 

2019 

2020 

2021 

For the Years Ended December 31, 

(Unaudited) 

$ 108,376

$ 107,912

$ 104,393

$ 103,679

$ 103,575

$ 103,547

$ 103,510

$ 103,491

$ 103,453

$ 103,434

114,389

114,239

113,034

112,197

112,096

112,060

112,029

112,003

111,989

123,421

123,622

122,410

122,327

122,341

122,213

122,188

122,182

140,219

136,661

134,101

133,737

133,581

133,530

133,523

129,528

124,922

122,116

121,717

121,543

121,570

128,340

126,304

124,128

123,715

123,777

129,450

130,145

128,426

128,090

As of December 31, 2021 
Total of 
Incurred-but-
Not-Reported 
Liabilities Plus 
Expected 
Development of 
Reported 
Claims 

Cumulative 
Number of 
Reported 
Claims 

$ -

-

(24)

(52)

(64)

(90)

(72)

123,639 

131,703 

135,006 

144,276 

126,086 

124,025 

119,758 

128,698

126,648

124,332

(220)

116,995 

98,546

97,244

122,943

Total

$ 1,189,084

(1,726)

(24,257)

81,782 

87,213 

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

Private Passenger Automobile Physical Damage
Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance

Accident Year

2012 

2013 

2014 

2015 

2016 

2017 

2018 

2019 

2020 

2021 

For the Years Ended December 31, 

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

$ 111,928

$ 107,017

$ 104,311

$ 103,664

$ 103,573

$ 103,537

$ 103,510

$ 103,491

$ 103,452

$ 103,434

(Unaudited) 

120,843 

115,904 

130,732 

112,894 

126,414 

143,532 

112,162 

122,668 

136,760 

133,530 

112,085 

122,402 

134,066 

124,298 

132,409 

112,060 

122,350 

133,701 

122,023 

126,822 

138,036 

112,029 

122,251 

133,639 

121,795 

124,286 

132,591 

134,429 

112,003 

122,216 

133,596 

121,660 

123,844 

128,624 

128,173 

102,764 

111,988 

122,189 

133,575 

121,634 

123,839 

128,154 

124,467 

98,819 

123,636 

All outstanding liabilities before 2012, net of reinsurance

-

Liabilities for claims and claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance

($ 2,651)

Total

$ 1,191,735

86 

 
 
Commercial Automobile Liability
Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance

Accident Year

2012 

2013 

2014 

2015 

2016 

2017 

2018 

2019 

2020 

2021 

For the Years Ended December 31, 

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

(Unaudited) 

$ 23,704

$ 24,447

$ 24,662

$ 24,723

$ 24,572

$ 23,819

$ 22,859

$ 22,476

$ 22,292

$ 22,170

29,175

29,541

28,377

26,864

26,310

25,986

25,443

25,353

25,140

34,117

34,105

34,376

33,914

32,948

32,438

32,200

32,052

35,371

36,150

36,610

37,730

38,015

38,257

37,995

37,954

39,416

40,947

40,916

40,679

40,996

42,865

41,373

41,055

39,369

39,232

41,347

40,115

38,589

37,322

51,679

49,163

48,783

35,010

31,930

41,814

Total

$ 357,434

As of December 31, 2021 
Total of 
Incurred-but-
Not-Reported 
Liabilities Plus 
Expected 
Development of 
Reported 
Claims 

Cumulative 
Number of 
Reported 
Claims 

$ 13

51 

69 

(68)

13 

(48)

712 

1,177 

4,501 

9,044 

4,566 

5,784 

6,086 

7,212 

6,455 

6,132 

5,743 

5,669 

3,443 

3,696 

Commercial Automobile Liability
Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance

Accident Year

2012 

2013 

2014 

2015 

2016 

2017 

2018 

2019 

2020 

2021 

For the Years Ended December 31, 

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

$ 6,503

$ 12,474

$ 15,617

$ 17,804

$ 18,876

$ 20,601

$ 21,021

$ 22,086

$ 22,121

$ 22,154

(Unaudited) 

8,502 

17,079 

9,426 

19,625 

17,853 

11,181 

21,129 

21,968 

21,700 

9,991 

22,434 

25,253 

26,018 

19,902 

10,407 

23,867 

27,886 

29,804 

25,711 

20,106 

9,704 

24,507 

30,420 

31,537 

32,274 

24,409 

18,499 

12,113 

24,732 

31,298 

33,416 

36,237 

28,721 

23,544 

22,480 

7,025 

24,789 

31,451 

34,976 

38,275 

31,389 

26,774 

28,373 

13,166 

7,883 

All outstanding liabilities before 2012, net of reinsurance

34

Liabilities for claims and claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance

$ 98,238

Total

$ 259,230

87 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial Automobile Physical Damage
Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance

Accident Year

2012 

2013 

2014 

2015 

2016 

2017 

2018 

2019 

2020 

2021 

For the Years Ended December 31, 

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

$ 10,382

$ 10,382

$ 10,331

$ 10,249

$ 10,250

$ 10,208

$ 10,209

$ 10,226

$ 10,224

$ 10,224

(Unaudited) 

13,666

13,567

13,298

13,180

13,057

13,047

13,071

13,057

17,426

16,925

15,455

15,419

15,353

15,381

15,373

20,223

19,047

19,021

18,974

18,641

18,535

20,216

18,506

17,909

17,808

17,725

19,691

19,200

19,021

18,834

21,230

19,937

19,270

20,039

19,652

16,507

13,057

15,376

18,525

17,713

18,780

19,210

18,956

16,334

20,156

Total

$ 168,331

As of December 31, 2021 
Total of 
Incurred-but-
Not-Reported 
Liabilities Plus 
Expected 
Development of 
Reported 
Claims 

Cumulative 
Number of 
Reported 
Claims 

$ -

-

-

0 

1 

(6)

2 

200 

(272)

(1,141)

9,913 

12,298 

13,545 

15,468 

13,593 

13,113 

12,907 

12,751 

9,608 

10,860 

Commercial Automobile Physical Damage
Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance

Accident Year

2012 

2013 

2014 

2015 

2016 

2017 

2018 

2019 

2020 

2021 

For the Years Ended December 31, 

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

$ 9,707

$ 10,553

$ 10,270

$ 10,242

$ 10,239

$ 10,235

$ 10,228

$ 10,226

$ 10,224

$ 10,224

(Unaudited) 

12,665 

13,378 

15,377 

13,114 

15,862 

17,787 

13,074 

15,424 

18,910 

17,228 

13,065 

15,388 

18,667 

18,143 

17,957 

13,060 

15,381 

18,549 

17,763 

19,336 

18,842 

13,066 

15,376 

18,541 

17,712 

18,915 

19,842 

18,128 

13,057 

15,373 

18,530 

17,709 

18,787 

19,236 

19,161 

15,550 

13,057 

15,376 

18,525 

17,712 

18,786 

19,208 

18,752 

16,596 

18,610 

All outstanding liabilities before 2012, net of reinsurance

-

Liabilities for claims and claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance

$ 1,485

Total

$ 166,846

88 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Homeowners Liability
Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance

Accident Year

2012 

2013 

2014 

2015 

2016 

2017 

2018 

2019 

2020 

2021 

For the Years Ended December 31, 

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

$ 7,514

$ 7,514

$ 7,514

$ 6,464

$ 5,304

$ 4,331

$ 3,824

$ 3,889

$ 3,646

$ 3,646

(Unaudited) 

9,768

9,768

9,337

11,494

11,494

7,578

9,738

12,965

12,555

5,978

7,388

9,908

5,312

7,120

9,201

10,594

10,594

10,594

11,276

10,058

9,951

5,147

6,984

9,201

9,847

9,328

9,951

5,147

6,984

9,201

9,491

8,585

9,951

14,130

13,848

14,664

5,167

6,818

8,172

9,491

7,819

9,768

11,949

13,708

12,797

Total

$ 89,335

As of December 31, 2021 
Total of 
Incurred-but-
Not-Reported 
Liabilities Plus 
Expected 
Development of 
Reported Claims

Cumulative 
Number of 
Reported 
Claims 

$ -

-

81

146

249 

104 

274 

692 

3,024 

3,037 

249 

265 

261 

288 

277 

269 

253 

253 

210 

173 

Homeowners Liability
Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance

Accident Year

2012 

2013 

2014 

2015 

2016 

2017 

2018 

2019 

2020 

2021 

For the Years Ended December 31, 

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

$ 1,389

$ 2,063

$ 2,308

$ 2,731

$ 3,029

$ 3,600

$ 3,606

$ 3,646

$ 3,646

$ 3,646

(Unaudited) 

527 

2,337 

340 

3,080 

1,834 

428 

3,493 

3,212 

3,319 

647 

3,829 

4,200 

4,267 

2,669 

305 

4,038 

4,828 

5,205 

4,257 

1,676 

551 

4,209 

6,315 

6,445 

5,387 

2,913 

2,039 

1,634 

4,247 

6,368 

7,022 

6,300 

3,593 

3,972 

3,343 

220 

4,255 

6,419 

7,215 

7,128 

4,217 

4,597 

5,183 

3,254 

218 

All outstanding liabilities before 2012, net of reinsurance

79 

Liabilities for claims and claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance

$ 43,282

Total

$ 46,132

89 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Homeowners Property Damage
Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance

Accident Year

2012 

2013 

2014 

2015 

2016 

2017 

2018 

2019 

2020 

2021 

For the Years Ended December 31, 

(Unaudited) 

As of December 31, 2021 
Total of 
Incurred-but-
Not-Reported 
Liabilities Plus 
Expected 
Development of 
Reported 
Claims 

Cumulative 
Number of 
Reported 
Claims 

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

$ 50,351

$ 49,911

$ 47,392

$ 44,380

$ 43,097

$ 42,382

$ 41,895

$ 41,887

$ 41,887

$ 41,887

$ 148

56,298

56,199

59,160

55,722

52,464

51,077

49,973

49,463

49,456

60,213

59,751

57,331

55,127

54,607

54,602

49,455

54,560

152,586

152,049

162,377

162,788

162,722

162,354

162,244

67,116

66,442

64,208

61,262

60,019

80,736

76,560

70,689

68,737

83,443

82,581

77,970

77,976

73,697

80,093

59,898

67,530

74,989

68,769

76,638

75,696

Total

$ 731,666

126 

251 

365 

258 

346 

849 

1,526 

(5,464)

(4,845)

6,051 

5,698 

6,077 

20,076 

5,421 

6,011 

8,239 

5,444 

6,087 

6,112 

Homeowners Property Damage
Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance

Accident Year

2012 

2013 

2014 

2015 

2016 

2017 

2018 

2019 

2020 

2021 

For the Years Ended December 31, 

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

(Unaudited) 

$ 30,801

$ 40,681

$ 41,960

$ 41,737

$ 41,782

$ 41,789

$ 41,736

$ 41,736

$ 41,737

$ 41,737

38,661 

48,456 

40,409 

49,702 

52,161 

49,612 

54,088 

49,653 

54,224 

49,620 

54,262 

49,328 

54,274 

49,327 

54,306 

49,327 

54,305 

112,563 

145,337 

160,572 

161,745 

161,773 

161,850 

161,783 

44,103 

57,238 

46,366 

59,155 

64,401 

57,704 

59,449 

66,181 

70,959 

49,121 

59,403 

66,892 

72,078 

61,905 

50,304 

59,428 

66,765 

73,119 

63,536 

65,927 

51,390 

Total

$ 687,317

All outstanding liabilities before 2012, net of reinsurance

884 

Liabilities for claims and claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance

$ 45,233

90 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following is unaudited supplementary information about average historical claims duration as of December 

31, 2021. 

Average Annual Percentage Payout of Incurred Claims by Age, Net of Reinsurance (Unaudited)

Years
Private Passenger Automobile 
Liability
Private Passenger Automobile 
Physical Damage
Commercial Automobile Liability
Commercial Automobile Physical 
Damage
Homeowners Liability
Homeowners Property Damage

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

43.4%

32.1%

10.4%

6.2%

2.9%

1.7%

0.6%

0.3%

0.1%

0.0%

107.0%
25.9%

(4.8)%
24.8%

(2.5)%
12.4%

(0.4)%
10.6%

(0.1)%
6.8%

96.1%
7.0%
71.3%

5.8%
21.5%
20.9%

(2.3)%
15.8%
4.5%

(0.4)%
10.2%
0.6%

0.0%
9.8%
0.0%

0.0%
6.1%

0.0%
11.0%
0.0%

0.0%
3.0%

0.0%
1.8%
(0.1)%

0.0%
1.8%

0.0%
0.8%
0.0%

0.0%
0.2%

0.0%
0.1%
0.0%

0.0%
0.1%

0.0%
0.0%
0.0%

The reconciliation of the net incurred and paid claims development tables to the liability for claims and claim 

adjustment expenses in the consolidated balance sheets is as follows. 

Reconciliation of the Disclosure of Incurred and Paid Claims Development to the Liability for Unpaid claims and Claim Adjustment Expenses

December 31, 2021

Net outstanding liabilities

Private Passenger Automobile Liability
Private Passenger Automobile Physical Damage
Commercial Automobile Liability
Commercial Automobile Physical Damage
Homeowners Liability
Homeowners Property Damage
Other Short-Duration Insurance Lines

Liabilities for unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance

Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid claims

Private Passenger Automobile Liability
Private Passenger Automobile Physical Damage
Commercial Automobile Liability
Commercial Automobile Physical Damage
Homeowners Liability
Homeowners Property Damage
Other Short-Duration Insurance Lines
Total reinsurance recoverable on unpaid claims

Unallocated claims adjustment expenses

Total gross liability for unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses

$

$

$

$

$

183,552
(2,651)
98,238
1,485
43,282
45,233
74,701
443,840

120
-
87,221
2,398
-
-
928
90,667

36,144

570,651

Due to the nature of the risks that the Company underwrites and has historically underwritten, management 

does not believe that it has an exposure to asbestos or environmental pollution liabilities. 

91 

13. 

Income Taxes 

A summary of the income tax expense in the consolidated statements of operations is shown below. 

Current Income Taxes:

Federal
State

Deferred Income Taxes:

Federal
State

Total income tax expense

2021

Years Ended December 31,
2020

2019

$

$

28,222
15
28,237

5,323
—
5,323
33,560

$

$

31,133
267
31,400

5,159
—
5,159
36,559

$

$

19,280
43
19,323

4,757
—
4,757
24,080

The income tax expense attributable to the consolidated results of operations is different from the amounts 

determined by multiplying income before federal income taxes by the statutory federal income tax rate. The sources of 
the difference and the tax effects of each were as follows for the periods indicated. 

Federal income tax expense at statutory rate
Investment income, net
State taxes, net
Nondeductible expenses
Tax windfall related to share-based stock compensation
Other, net
Total income tax expense 

2021

Years Ended December 31,
2020

2019

34,496
(1,060)
11
613
(101)
(399)
33,560

$

$

36,702
(1,394)
211
697
(298)
641
36,559

$

$

25,973
(1,626)
34
488
(1,003)
214
24,080

$

$

The deferred income tax (liability) asset represents the tax effects of temporary differences attributable to the 
Company’s consolidated federal tax return group. Its components were as shown in the following table for the periods 
indicated. 

Deferred tax assets:

Discounting of loss reserves
Discounting of unearned premium reserve
Bad debt allowance
Employee benefits
Rent incentive

Total deferred tax assets before valuation allowance
Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets
Total deferred tax assets
Deferred tax liabilities:

Deferred acquisition costs
Investments
Net unrealized gains on investments
Loss reserve transition adjustment
Software development costs
Premium acquisition expenses
Depreciation

Total deferred tax liabilities
Net deferred tax liability

Years Ended December 31,

2021

2020

$

$

5,447
16,813
430
4,364
797
27,851
—
27,851

(15,335)
(10,319)
(11,025)
(1,108)
(3,591)
(380)
(1,333)
(43,091)
(15,240)

$

$

5,421
17,217
433
3,609
912
27,592
—
27,592

(15,742)
(4,349)
(18,720)
(1,385)
(3,053)
(379)
(1,575)
(45,203)
(17,611)

The Company believes that the positions taken on its income tax returns for open tax years will be sustained 

upon examination by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”).  Therefore, the Company has not recorded any liability for 
uncertain tax positions under ASC 740, Income Taxes. 

92 

During the years ended December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 there were no material changes to the 

amount of the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits or to any assumptions regarding the amount of its ASC 740 liability. 

As of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had no unrecognized tax benefits, and none 

which if recognized would affect the effective tax rate. The Company does not currently anticipate significant changes in 
the amount of unrecognized income tax benefits during the next twelve months. 

The Company records interest and penalties associated with audits as a component of income before income 

taxes. Penalties are recorded in underwriting, operating and other expenses, and interest expense is recorded in interest 
expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company had no interest and penalties related to income 
taxes accrued as of December 31, 2021 and 2020.  

 In the Company’s opinion, adequate tax liabilities have been established for all open years. However, the 
amount of these tax liabilities could be revised in the near term if estimates of the Company’s ultimate liability are 
revised. All tax years prior to 2018 are closed.  

14. 

Share Repurchase Program 

On August 3, 2007, the Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program of up to $30,000 of the 

Company’s outstanding common shares.  The Board of Directors had cumulatively authorized increases to the existing 
share repurchase program of up to $200,000 of its outstanding common shares.  Under the program, the Company may 
repurchase shares of its common stock for cash in public or private transactions, in the open market or otherwise.  The 
timing of such repurchases and actual number of shares repurchased will depend on a variety of factors including price, 
market conditions and applicable regulatory and corporate requirements.  The program does not require the Company to 
repurchase any specific number of shares and it may be modified, suspended or terminated at any time without prior 
notice. 

During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company purchased 139,405 shares on the open market under 

the program at a cost of $11,563. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company purchased 551,598 shares on 
the open market under the program at a cost of $39,999. No share purchases were made by the Company under the 
program during the year ended December 31, 2019. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had purchased 2,970,573 
shares on the open market at cost of $135,397. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had purchased 2,831,168 shares 
on the open market at a cost of $123,834. 

15. 

Statutory Net Income and Surplus 

Statutory Accounting Practices 

The Company’s insurance company subsidiaries, domiciled in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, prepare 

statutory financial statements in accordance with the accounting practices prescribed or permitted by the Division. 
Prescribed statutory accounting practices are those practices that are incorporated directly or by reference in state laws, 
regulations, and general administrative rules applicable to all insurance enterprises domiciled in a particular state. 
Permitted statutory accounting practices include practices not prescribed by the Division, but allowed by the Division. 
Statutory net income was $97,169, $121,446, and $75,469 for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, 
respectively. Statutory capital and surplus of the Company’s insurance subsidiaries was $826,979, and $754,066 at 
December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. 

93 

Dividends  

The Insurance Subsidiaries are subject to various regulatory restrictions that limit the maximum amount of 

dividends available to be paid to their parent without prior approval of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 
Commissioner of Insurance (the “Commissioner”). Massachusetts statute limits the dividends an insurer may pay in any 
twelve month period, without the prior permission of the Commissioner, to the greater of (i) 10% of the insurer’s surplus 
as of the preceding December 31 or (ii) the insurer’s net income for the twelve- month period ending the preceding 
December 31, in each case determined in accordance with statutory accounting practices. Our insurance company 
subsidiaries may not declare an “extraordinary dividend” (defined as any dividend or distribution that, together with 
other distributions made within the preceding twelve months, exceeds the limits established by Massachusetts statute) 
until thirty days after the Commissioner has received notice of the intended dividend and has not objected. As 
historically administered by the Commissioner, this provision requires the Commissioner’s prior approval of an 
extraordinary dividend. Under Massachusetts law, an insurer may pay cash dividends only from its unassigned funds, 
also known as earned surplus, and the insurer’s remaining surplus must be both reasonable in relation to its outstanding 
liabilities and adequate to its financial needs. At December 31, 2021, the statutory capital and surplus of Safety Insurance 
was $826,979 and its net income for 2021 was $97,169. As a result, a maximum of $97,169 is available in 2022 for such 
dividends without prior approval of the Commissioner. During the year ended December 31, 2021, Safety Insurance 
recorded dividends of $49,488. As result of this Massachusetts statute, the Insurance Subsidiaries had restricted net 
assets in the amount of $729,810 at December 31, 2021. 

Risk-Based Capital Requirements 

The NAIC has adopted a formula and model law to implement risk-based capital requirements for most 
property and casualty insurance companies, which are designed to determine minimum capital requirements and to raise 
the level of protection that statutory surplus provides for policyholder obligations. Under Massachusetts law, insurers 
having less total adjusted capital than that required by the risk-based capital calculation will be subject to varying 
degrees of regulatory action, depending on the level of capital inadequacy. The risk-based capital law provides for four 
levels of regulatory action. The extent of regulatory intervention and action increases as the level of total adjusted capital 
to risk-based capital falls. As of December 31, 2021, the Insurance Subsidiaries had total adjusted capital of $826,979, 
which is in excess of amounts requiring company or regulatory action at any prescribed risk-based capital action level. 
Minimum statutory capital and surplus, or company action level risk-based capital, was $200,196 at December 31, 2021. 

16. 

Fair Value of Financial Instruments 

ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosure provides a revised definition of fair value, establishes a 

framework for measuring fair value and expands financial statement disclosure requirements for fair value 
information.  Under ASC 820, fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer 
a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants (an exit price).  ASC 820 establishes a fair value 
hierarchy that distinguishes between inputs based on market data from independent sources (“observable inputs”) and a 
reporting entity’s internal assumptions based upon the best information available when external market data is limited or 
unavailable (“unobservable inputs”).  The fair value hierarchy in ASC 820 prioritizes fair value measurements into three 
levels based on the nature of the inputs as follows: 

Level 1 — Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities; 

Level 2 — Valuations based on observable inputs that do not meet the criteria for Level 1, including quoted 
prices in inactive markets and quoted prices in active markets for similar, but not identical instruments; and 

Level 3 — Valuations based on unobservable inputs. 

Fair values for the Company’s fixed maturity securities are based on prices provided by its custodian bank and 

its investment managers.  Both the Company’s custodian bank and investment managers use a variety of independent, 
nationally recognized pricing services to determine market valuations.  If the pricing service cannot provide fair value 
determinations, the Company obtains non-binding price quotes from broker-dealers.  A minimum of two quoted prices is 

94 

obtained for the majority of the Company’s available-for-sale fixed maturity securities in its investment portfolio.  The 
Company uses a third-party pricing service as its primary provider of quoted prices from third-party pricing services and 
broker-dealers.  To provide reasonable assurance of the validity of each price or quote, a secondary third-party pricing 
service or broker-dealer quote is obtained from the Company’s custodian or investment managers.  An examination of 
the pricing data is then performed for each security.  If the variance between the primary and secondary price quotes for 
a security is within an accepted tolerance level, the quoted price obtained from the Company’s primary source is used for 
the security.  If the variance between the primary and secondary price quotes exceeds an accepted tolerance level, the 
Company obtains a quote from an alternative source, if possible, and documents and resolves any differences between 
the pricing sources.  In addition, the Company may request that its investment managers and its traders provide input as 
to which vendor is providing prices that its traders believe are reflective of fair value for the security.  Following this 
process, the Company may decide to value the security in its financial statements using the secondary or alternative 
source if it believes that pricing is more reflective of the security’s value than the primary pricing provided by its 
custodian bank.  The Company analyzes market valuations received to verify reasonableness, to understand the key 
assumptions used and their sources, and to determine an appropriate ASC 820 fair value hierarchy level based upon 
trading activity and the observability of market inputs.  Based on this evaluation and investment class analysis, each 
price is classified into Level 1, 2 or 3. 

Fair values of instruments are based on (i) quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1), 
(ii) quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets 
that are not active and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs are observable in active markets (Level 2) 
or (iii) valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs are unobservable in the 
marketplace (Level 3). 

The Company’s Level 1 securities consist of equity securities whose values are based on quoted prices in active 

markets for identical assets.  The Company’s Level 2 securities are comprised of available-for-sale fixed maturity 
securities whose fair value was determined using observable market inputs.  The Company’s Level 3 security consists of 
an investment in the Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston related to Safety Insurance Company’s membership stock, 
which is not redeemable in a short-term time frame.  Fair values for securities for which quoted market prices were 
unavailable were estimated based upon reference to observable inputs such as benchmark interest rates, market 
comparables, and other relevant inputs.  Investments valued using these inputs include U.S. Treasury securities, 
obligations of states and political subdivisions, corporate and other securities, commercial and residential mortgage-
backed securities, and other asset-backed securities.  Inputs into the fair value application that are utilized by asset class 
include but are not limited to: 

 Obligations of states and political subdivisions:  overall credit quality, including assessments of market 
sectors and the level and variability of sources of payment such as general obligation, revenue or lease; 
credit support such as insurance, state or local economic and political base, prefunded and escrowed to 
maturity covenants. 







Corporate and other securities: overall credit quality, the establishment of a risk adjusted credit spread 
over the applicable risk-free yield curve for discounted cash flow valuations; assessments of the level of 
industry economic sensitivity, company financial policies, indenture restrictive covenants, and/or security 
and collateral. 

Residential mortgage-backed securities: U.S. agency pass-throughs, collateralized mortgage obligations 
(“CMOs”), non U.S. agency CMOs:  estimates of prepayment speeds based upon historical prepayment rate 
trends, underlying collateral interest rates, original weighted average maturity, vintage year, borrower 
credit quality characteristics, interest rate and yield curve forecasts, U.S. government support programs, tax 
policies, and delinquency/default trends. 

Commercial mortgage-backed securities:  overall credit quality, including assessments of the level and 
variability of credit support and collateral type such as office, retail, or lodging, predictability of cash flows 
for the deal structure, prevailing economic market conditions. 

95 

 Other asset-backed securities:  overall credit quality, estimates of prepayment speeds based upon historical 

trends and characteristics of underlying loans, including assessments of the level and variability of 
collateral, revenue generating agreements, area licenses agreements, product sourcing agreements and 
equipment and property leases. 



FHLB-Boston: value is equal to the cost of the member stock purchased. 

In order to ensure the fair value determination is representative of an exit price (consistent with ASC 820), the 

Company’s procedures for validating quotes or prices obtained from third parties include, but are not limited to, 
obtaining a minimum of two price quotes for each fixed maturity security if possible, as discussed above, the periodic 
testing of sales activity to determine if there are any significant differences between the market price used to value the 
security as of the balance sheet date and the sales price of the security for sales that occurred around the balance sheet 
date, and the periodic review of reports provided by its external investment manager regarding those securities with 
ratings changes and securities placed on its “Watch List.” In addition, valuation techniques utilized by pricing services 
and prices obtained from external sources are reviewed by the Company’s external investment manager, whose 
investment professionals are familiar with the securities being priced and the markets in which they trade, to ensure the 
fair value determination is representative of an exit price. 

All unadjusted estimates of fair value for our fixed maturities priced by the pricing services as described above 
are included in the amounts disclosed in Level 2.  With the exception of the FHLB-Boston security, which is categorized 
as a Level 3 security, the Company’s entire portfolio was priced based upon quoted market prices or other observable 
inputs as of December 31, 2021. There were no significant changes to the valuation process during the year ended 
December 31, 2021. As of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, no quotes or prices obtained were adjusted by 
management. All broker quotes obtained were non-binding. 

At December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, investments in fixed maturities classified as available-for-sale 

had a fair value which equaled carrying value of $1,218,279 and $1,256,653, respectively. At December 31, 2021, the 
Company held no short-term investments. At December 31, 2020, the Company held $441 of short-term investments. 
The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents and investment income accrued approximated fair value. 

The following tables summarize the Company’s total fair value measurements for investments for the periods 

indicated. 

U.S. Treasury securities
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
Residential mortgage-backed securities
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
Other asset-backed securities 
Corporate and other securities
Equity securities
Total investment securities

Total

Level 1 Inputs

Level 2 Inputs

Level 3 Inputs

As of December 31, 2021

$

$

324
116,302
241,464
150,883
83,596
625,710
226,375
1,444,654

$

$

— $
—
—
—
—
—
224,677
224,677

$

324
116,302
241,464
150,883
83,596
625,710
—
1,218,279

$

$

—
—
—
—
—
—
1,698
1,698

Total

Level 1 Inputs

Level 2 Inputs

Level 3 Inputs

As of December 31, 2020

U.S. Treasury securities
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
Residential mortgage-backed securities
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
Other asset-backed securities 
Corporate and other securities
Short term investments
Equity securities
Total investment securities

$

$

1,865
222,389
241,597
126,035
73,124
591,643
441
173,096
1,430,190

$

$

— $
—
—
—
—
—
—
171,398
171,398

$

1,865
222,389
241,597
126,035
73,124
591,643
441
—
1,257,094

$

$

—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1,698
1,698

There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 during the years ended December 31, 2021 or 2020. 

96 

The following tables summarize the changes in the Company’s Level 3 fair value securities for the periods 

indicated. 

Balance at beginning of period
Net gains and losses included in earnings
Net gains included in other comprehensive income
Purchases
Sales
Transfers into Level 3
Transfers out of Level 3
Balance at end of period

Years Ended December 31,

2021

2020

2019

1,698
—
—
—
—
—
—
1,698

$

$

516
—
—
1,182
—
—
—
1,698

$

$

680
—
—
133
(297)
—
—
516

$

$

Transfers in and out of Level 3 are attributable to changes in the ability to observe significant inputs in 
determining fair value exit pricing.  As noted in the table above, no transfers were made in or out of Level 3 during 2021, 
2020 and 2019.  The Company held one Level 3 security at December 31, 2021 and 2020. 

As of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, there were approximately $38,570 and $32,158 in a REIT 

and is included in equity securities in the consolidated balance sheets.  The REIT is excluded from the fair value 
hierarchy because the fair value is recorded using the net asset value per share practical expedient.  The net asset value 
per share of this REIT is derived from member ownership in the capital venture to which a proportionate share of 
independently appraised net assets is attributed.  The fair value was determined using the trust’s net asset value obtained 
from its audited financial statements.  The Company is required to submit a request 45 days before a quarter end to 
dispose of the security. 

17. 

Subsequent Events 

The Company has evaluated subsequent events for recognition or disclosure in the consolidated financial 

statements on Form 10-K filed herewith and no events have occurred that require recognition or disclosure. 

97 

ITEM 9.    CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND 

FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE  

On June 1, 2021, Deloitte and Touche LLP (“Deloitte”) was engaged as the new independent registered public  

accounting firm of Safety to perform independent audit services for the Company for the fiscal year ending December 
31, 2021. Deloitte’s engagement was approved by the Audit Committee of the Board. The appointment of Deloitte was a 
result of a competitive request for proposal process undertaken by the Audit Committee. 

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP’s (“PwC”) audit reports on the Company’s consolidated financial statements for 

the fiscal years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 did not contain an adverse opinion or disclaimer of opinion and were 
not qualified or modified as to uncertainty, audit scope or accounting principles.  

During the fiscal years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, there were (i) no disagreements (as that term is 
defined in Item 304(a)(1)(iv) of Regulation S-K and the related instructions) between the Company and PwC on any 
matter of accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosure, or auditing scope or procedure, which, if not 
resolved to the satisfaction of PwC would have caused PwC to make reference thereto in its reports on the consolidated 
financial statements of the Company for such years, and (ii) no reportable events (as that term is defined in Item 
304(a)(1)(v) of Regulation S-K). 

During the fiscal years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, neither the Company, nor any party on behalf of 
the Company, consulted with Deloitte with respect to either (i) the application of accounting principles to a specified 
transaction, either completed or proposed, or the type of audit opinion that might be rendered with respect to the 
Company’s consolidated financial statements, and no written report or oral advice was provided to the Company by 
Deloitte that was an important factor considered by the Company in reaching its decision as to any accounting, auditing 
or financial reporting issue, or (ii) any matter that was subject to any disagreement (as that term is defined in Item 
304(a)(1)(iv) of Regulation S-K and the related instructions) or a reportable event (as that term is defined in Item 
304(a)(1)(v) of Regulation S-K). 

ITEM 9A.    CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES  

Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures 

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer 

(“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), we evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our 
disclosure controls and procedures [as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, 
as amended (the “Exchange Act”)] as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, our CEO 
and CFO have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are adequate and effective and ensure that all 
information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, 
processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and that information required to 
be disclosed in such reports is accumulated and communicated to management, including our CEO and CFO, as 
appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. 

Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting 

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial 

reporting, as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f).  Under the supervision and with the participation 
of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of 
the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control—Integrated 
Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on our 

98 

evaluation under the framework in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013), our management concluded that our 
internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2021. 

Deloitte & Touche LLP, the Company's independent registered public accounting firm, has audited the 

effectiveness of Safety Insurance Group, Inc.'s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, as 
stated in their report which is included herein. 

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting 

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the 

evaluation required by Exchange Act Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 that occurred during our last fiscal quarter that have 
materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting. 

99 

ITEM 9B.    OTHER INFORMATION 

The Company had no information required to be disclosed on a Form 8-K during the fourth fiscal quarter of 

2021 that has not already been reported. 

The following disclosures relate to actions taken by the Board of Directors of the Company (the "Board"), the 
Compensation Committee of the Board and the Board of Directors of Safety Insurance Company and would otherwise 
have been filed during the first fiscal quarter of 2022 on a Form 8-K.  

 On February 23, 2022 the Compensation Committee of the Board approved the 2021 annual executive cash 

bonus pool in the total amount of $2,319 pursuant to the Annual Performance Incentive Plan. Of the total pool, 
the following amounts were allocated to the Company's CEO and Named Executive Officers: George M. 
Murphy, $813; Christopher T. Whitford, $227; James D. Berry, $293; Stephen A. Varga, $222; and Paul J. 
Narciso, $228. 

 On February 23, 2022, the Compensation Committee of the Board approved executive long-term incentive 

awards to certain members of senior management pursuant to our 2018 Long-Term Incentive Plan.  The long-
term incentive awards were granted in a total amount of $3,250 in the form of restricted stock, to be effective on 
and given a fair value of the closing price of our common stock on February 23, 2022. Of the total award, 45% 
vests in three annual installments of 30% on February 23, 2023, 30% on February 23, 2024, and 40% on 
February 23, 2025 and were allocated to the Company's Named Executive Officers as follows:  George M. 
Murphy, $405 worth of restricted stock; Christopher T. Whitford, $180 worth of restricted stock; James D. 
Berry, $158 worth of restricted stock; Stephen A. Varga, $169 worth of restricted stock; and Paul J. Narciso, 
$169 worth of restricted stock. Of the total award, 55% vests over a three-year performance period commencing 
on January 1, 2022 and ending on December 31, 2024.  Vesting of these shares is dependent upon the 
attainment of pre-established performance objectives and were allocated to the Named Executive Officers as 
follows:  George M. Murphy $495 worth of restricted stock; Christopher T. Whitford, $220 worth of restricted 
stock; James D. Berry, $193 worth of restricted stock; Stephen A. Varga, $207 worth of restricted stock; and 
Paul J. Narciso, $207 worth of restricted stock. 

 Upon recommendation from the Compensation Committee, on February 23, 2022, the Board approved 

executive deferred compensation awards pursuant to the Executive Incentive Compensation Plan in the total 
amount of $1,955.  Of the total award, the following amounts were allocated to the Company's CEO and Named 
Executive Officers: George M. Murphy, $645; Christopher T. Whitford, $201; James D. Berry, $267; Stephen 
A. Varga, $203; and Paul J. Narciso, $202. 

ITEM 9C.    DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS 

Not Applicable

100 

ITEMS 10-14.

PART III

Within 120 days after the close of its fiscal year, the Company intends to file with the Securities and Exchange 

Commission a definitive proxy statement pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as 
amended, which will include the matters required by these items. 

PART IV. 

ITEM 15.    EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES. 

(a) The following documents are filed as a part of this report: 

1. Financial Statements: The Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2021 are 
contained herein as listed in the Index to Consolidated Financial Statements. 

2. Financial Statement Schedules: The Financial Statement Schedules are contained herein as listed in the Index 
to Financial Statement Schedules. 

3. Exhibits: The exhibits are contained herein as listed in the Index to Exhibits.  

101 

SAFETY INSURANCE GROUP, INC. 

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES 

Schedules

I

II 

III 

IV

V 

VI 

Summary of Investments – Other than Investments in Related Parties as of December 31, 2021

Condensed Financial Information of the Registrant at December 31, 2021 and 2020 and for the years 
ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019

Supplementary Insurance Information at December 31, 2021, 2020 and for the years ended December 
31, 2021, 2020 and 2019

Reinsurance for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019

Valuation and Qualifying Accounts at December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 and for the years ended 
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019

Supplemental Information Concerning Property and Casualty Insurance Operations at December 31, 
2021, 2020 and 2019 and for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019

Page

103

104

106

107

108

109

102 

Safety Insurance Group, Inc. 

Summary of Investments—Other than Investments in Related Parties 

Schedule I 

At December 31, 2021 

(Dollars in thousands) 

Fixed maturities:

U.S. government and government agencies and authorities
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
Corporate and other securities

Total fixed maturities
Short term securities

Corporate and other securities

Total short term investments
Equity securities:

Common stocks:

Industrial, miscellaneous and all other

Total equity securities
Other invested assets
Total investments

Cost or
Amortized Cost

Estimated
Fair Value

$

$

237,344
111,578
838,935
1,187,857

—
—

211,848
211,848
87,911
1,487,616

$

$

241,788
116,302
860,189
1,218,279

—
—

264,945
264,945
87,911
1,571,135

$

$

Amount at
which shown
in the Balance
Sheet

241,788
116,302
860,189
1,218,279

—
—

264,945
264,945
87,911
1,571,135

103 

Safety Insurance Group, Inc. 

Condensed Financial Information of the Registrant 

Condensed Balance Sheets 

Schedule II 

(Dollars in thousands) 

Assets
Investments in consolidated affiliates
Other

Total assets

Liabilities
Accounts payable and other liabilities

Total liabilities
Shareholders’ equity

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

Years Ended December 31,

2021

2020

929,136
24
929,160

1,987
1,987
927,173
929,160

$

$

$

$

886,662
39
886,701

2,022
2,022
884,679
886,701

$

$

$

$

The condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto. 

Safety Insurance Group, Inc. 

Condensed Financial Information of the Registrant 

Condensed Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income 

Schedule II 

(Dollars in thousands) 

Revenues
Expenses
Net loss
Earnings from consolidated subsidiaries
Net income
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Comprehensive income

2021

Years Ended December 31,
2020

2019

—
1,755
(1,755)
132,465
130,710
(28,948)
101,762

$

$

—
1,833
(1,833)
140,044
138,211
25,337
163,548

$

$

—
1,694
(1,694)
101,295
99,601
38,896
138,497

$

$

The condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto. 

104 

Safety Insurance Group, Inc. 

Condensed Financial Information of the Registrant 

Condensed Statements of Cash Flows 

Schedule II 

(Dollars in thousands) 

Net income 
Adjustments to reconcile net income  to net cash provided by operating 
activities:
Earnings from consolidated subsidiaries
Dividends received from consolidated subsidiaries(1)
Amortization of restricted stock expense
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Other assets
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
Net cash provided by operating activities
Proceeds from exercise of stock options
Excess tax benefit from stock options exercised
Dividends paid
Acquisition of treasury stock
Net cash used for financing activities
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year

Years Ended December 31,

2021

2020

2019

$

130,710

$

138,211

$

99,601

(132,465)
49,488
17,788

15
35
65,571
—
—
(54,008)
(11,563)
(65,571)
—
—
—

(140,044)
89,156
7,359

15
(123)
94,574
—
—
(54,575)
(39,999)
(94,574)
—
—
—

(101,295)
47,585
6,514

15
247
52,667
—
—
(52,667)
—
(52,667)
—
—
—

$

$

$

(1) No portion of the dividends received from operating subsidiaries during 2021, 2020 or 2019 represent returns of capital and therefore no 

portion is presented as an investing activity. 

The condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto. 

105 

Safety Insurance Group, Inc. 

Supplementary Insurance Information 

Schedule III 

(Dollars in thousands) 

Deferred
Policy
Acquisition
Costs

As of December 31,
Future Policy
Benefits,
Losses,
Claims and Loss
Expenses

Years Ended December 31,

Unearned
Premiums

Earned
Premiums

Net
Investment
Income

$

73,024
74,962
74,287

$

570,651
567,581
610,566

$

413,487
421,901
442,219

$

774,328
771,078
788,777

44,135
41,045
46,665

Segment
Property and Casualty Insurance
2021
2020
2019

$

Premium
Revenue

Net
Investment
Income

Years Ended December 31,

Benefits,
Claims,
Losses, and
Settlement
Expenses

Amortization of
Deferred
Policy
Acquisition
Costs

Other
Operating
Expenses

Premiums
Written

$

774,328
771,078
788,777

$

44,135
41,045
46,665

$

461,727
404,556
509,846

$

146,573
146,955
147,945

$

111,819
119,527
96,191

764,526
763,537
794,409

Segment
Property and Casualty Insurance
2021
2020
2019

$

106 

Safety Insurance Group, Inc. 

Reinsurance 

Schedule IV 

(Dollars in thousands) 

Property and Casualty
Insurance Earned Premiums
Years ended December 31,
2021
2020
2019

Gross
Amount

Ceded to Other
Companies

Assumed from
Other Companies

Net
Amount

Percent of
Amount
Assumed
to Net

$

$

811,329
815,981
845,102

$

67,584
74,268
89,178

$

30,583
29,365
32,853

774,328
771,078
788,777

3.9%
3.8%
4.2%

107 

Safety Insurance Group, Inc. 

Valuation and Qualifying Accounts 

Schedule V 

(Dollars in thousands) 

Allowance for doubtful accounts Years Ended December 31,
2021
2020
2019

Balance at
Beginning
of Period

$

1,754
578
482

Additions

Charged to
Costs and
Expenses

Charged to
Other
Accounts

Deductions(1)

Balance at
End of
Period

$

$

2,339
3,294
1,358

$

—
—
—

$

2,285
2,118
1,262

1,808
1,754
578

(1) Deductions represent write-offs of accounts determined to be uncollectible. 

108 

Safety Insurance Group, Inc. 

Supplemental Information Concerning Property and Casualty Insurance Operations 

Schedule VI 

(Dollars in thousands) 

As of December 31,
Reserves for
Unpaid Claims
and Claims
Adjustment
Expenses

Deferred
Policy
Acquisition
Costs

Years Ended December 31,

Unearned
Premiums

Earned
Premiums

Net
Investment
Income

$

$

73,024
74,962
74,287

$

570,651
567,581
610,566

$

413,487
421,901
442,219

774,328
771,078
788,777

$

44,135
41,045
46,665

Years Ended December 31,

Claims and Claims
Adjustment Expenses
Incurred Related to

Current
Year

Prior
Year

Amortization
of Deferred
Policy
Acquisition
Costs

Paid Claims
and Claims
Adjustment
Expenses

Premiums
Written

$

$

515,400
459,400
551,895

$

(53,673)
(54,844)
(42,049)

$

146,573
146,955
147,945

$

443,013
431,480
497,973

764,526
763,537
794,409

Affiliation With Registrant

Consolidated Property & Casualty Subsidiaries
2021
2020
2019

Affiliation With Registrant
Consolidated Property & Casualty Subsidiaries
2021
2020
2019

109 

SAFETY INSURANCE GROUP, INC. 

INDEX TO EXHIBITS 

Description

Form of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Safety Insurance Group, Inc.(1) 

Form of Amended and Restated Bylaws of Safety Insurance Group, Inc.(1) 

Form of Stock Certificate for the Common Stock (1) 

Description of Safety Insurance Group, Inc. Capital Stock (18) 

Lease Agreement between Thomas Black Corporation and Aman, Inc. for the lease of office space 
located on the 1st through 6th, 11th and 12th floors of 20 Custom House Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 
dated June 11, 1987, and as amended on October 11, 1988, September 14, 1989, September 19, 1990, 
February 23, 1994, December 20, 1996, June 24, 2002, July 26, 2004 and April 5, 2007, November 7, 
2017 (2) (14) 

Tax Indemnity Agreement by and among Safety Holdings, Inc. and the Management Team, dated 
October 16, 2001(1) 

2001 Restricted Stock Plan (1)(3) 

Executive Incentive Compensation Plan (1)(3) 

2002 Management Omnibus Incentive Plan, as Amended (5)

Safety Insurance Company Executive Incentive Compensation Plan—Basic Document(3)(4)(7)

Safety Insurance Company Executive Incentive Compensation Plan—Adoption Agreement(3)(4)(7)

Safety Insurance Company Executive Incentive Compensation Plan—Rabbi Trust Agreement(3)(4)(7)

Form of Restricted Stock Notice and Agreement (with vesting) under the 2002 Management Omnibus 
Incentive Plan(3)(4)

Form of Restricted Stock Notice and Agreement (without vesting) under the 2002 Management 
Omnibus Incentive Plan(3)(4)

Form of Nonqualified Stock Option Notice and Agreement under the 2002 Management Omnibus 
Incentive Plan(3)(4)

Form of Incentive Stock Option Notice and Agreement under the 2002 Management Omnibus Incentive 
Plan(3)(4)

Form of Stock Appreciation Right Notice and Agreement under the 2002 Management Omnibus 
Incentive Plan(3)(4)

Annual Performance Incentive Plan(3)(5) 

Amendment to Annual Performance Incentive Plan(3)(6)

Amendment to Management Omnibus Incentive Plan dated December 31, 2008(3)(6)

Amendment to Management Omnibus Incentive Plan dated August 4, 2010 (3)(8)

Amendment to Management Omnibus Incentive Plan, as Amended dated March 11, 2013(3)(9)

Form of Restricted Stock Notice and Agreement (with performance-based vesting) under the 2002 
Management Omnibus Plan, as Amended(3)(9) 

Exhibit 
Number

3.1 

3.2

4 

4.1 

10.1 

10.2 

10.3

10.4

10.5

10.6

10.7

10.8

10.9 

10.10 

10.11 

10.12 

10.13 

10.14

10.15

10.16

10.17

10.18

10.19 

10.20

Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Agreement with RBS Citizens(10)

110 

10.21 

10.22 

10.23 

10.24 

10.25 

10.26 

10.27

10.28 

10.29 

21 

23.1

23.2

24

31.1 

31.2 

32.1 

32.2 

Form of Restricted Stock Notice and Agreement (with performance-based vesting) under the 2002 
Management Omnibus Plan, As Amended(3) (11)

Form of Restricted Stock Notice and Agreement (with performance-based vesting) under the 2002 
Management Omnibus Plan, As Amended(3) (12)

Form of Restricted Stock Notice and Agreement under the 2002 Management Omnibus Plan, As 
Amended(3) (12)

Employment Agreement by and between Safety Insurance Group, Inc. and John Drago as of April 1, 
2016(3)(13)

Employment Agreement by and between Safety Insurance Group, Inc. and George M. Murphy as of 
April 1, 2016(3)(13) 

Employment Agreement by and between Safety Insurance Group, Inc. and individual executive member 
as of January 1, 2021. (3) (17)

2018 Long-Term Incentive Plan (15)

Employment Agreement by and between Safety Insurance Group, Inc. and Christopher T. Whitford as 
of March 2, 2020. (3) (16)

Employment Agreement by and between Safety Insurance Group, Inc. and Glenn R. Hiltpold as of 
March 1, 2021. (3) (17)

Subsidiaries of Safety Insurance Group, Inc. (18) 

Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP (18)

Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (18)

Power of Attorney (contained on the signature page herein)

CEO Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the 
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18)

CFO Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the 
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002(18)

CEO Certification Pursuant to U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the 
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18)

CFO Certification Pursuant to U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the 
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18) 

101.INS

Inline XBRL Instance Document (18) 

101.SCH

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema (18) 

101.CAL

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase (18) 

101.DEF

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase (18) 

101.LAB

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase (18) 

101.PRE

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase (18) 

104

Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as iXBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) (18)

(1) 

Incorporated herein by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-87056) 
filed April 26, 2002, and as amended on Form S-8 (Reg. No. 333-110676) filed on November 21, 2003, as 

111 

amended on Form S-8 (Reg. No. 333-140423) filed on February 2, 2007, and as amended on Form S-8 (Reg. 
No. 333-226690) filed on August 8, 2018. 
Incorporated herein by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-87056) 
filed April 26, 2002, and as amended on Form S-8 (Reg. No. 333-110676) filed on November 21, 2003, as 
amended on Form S-8 (Reg. No. 333-140423) filed on February 2, 2007, and as amended on Form S-8 (Reg. 
No. 333-226690) filed on August 8, 2018 and as incorporated herein by reference on Form 10-Q for the 
quarterly period ended March 31, 2007, as filed on May 5, 2007, and as incorporated by reference to the 
Registrant’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, as filed on February 28, 2018. 
Denotes management contract or compensation plan or arrangement. 
Incorporated herein by reference to the Registrant’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004 filed on 
March 16, 2005.  
Incorporated herein by reference to the Registrant’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006 filed on 
March 1, 2007. 
Incorporated herein by reference to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on December 31, 2008. 
Incorporated herein by reference to the Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2008, as 
filed on November 7, 2008. 
Incorporated herein by reference to the Registrant’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 filed on 
March 14, 2011. 
Incorporated herein by reference to the Registrant’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012 filed on 
March 18, 2013 
Incorporated herein by reference to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on August 27, 2013. 
Incorporated herein by reference to the Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2013, as filed on 
August 9, 2013. 
Incorporated herein by reference to the Registrant’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014 filed on 
March 2, 2015 
Incorporated herein by reference to the Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2016, as filed on 
August 5, 2016. 
Incorporated herein by reference to the Registrant’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, as filed 
on February 28, 2018. 
Incorporated herein by reference to the Registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement filed on April 11, 2018. 
Incorporated herein by reference to the Registrant’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, as filed 
on February 28, 2020. 
Incorporated herein by reference to the Registrant’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, as filed 
on February 26, 2021. 
Included herein. 

(2) 

(3) 
(4) 

(5) 

(6) 
(7) 

(8) 

(9) 

(10) 
(11) 

(12) 

(13) 

(14) 

(15)  
(16) 

(17) 

(18) 

112 

ITEM 16.  FORM 10-K SUMMARY 

None 

113 

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the 

Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on 
February 28, 2022 

SIGNATURES 

Safety Insurance Group, Inc.

By:

/s/ George M. Murphy
George M. Murphy, 
President, Chief Executive Officer

114 

POWER OF ATTORNEY 

KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes 

and appoints George M. Murphy and Christopher T. Whitford, and each of them individually, his true and lawful 
attorney-in-fact and agent with full power of substitution and resubstitution for him and in his name, place and stead, in 
any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this Annual Report, and to file the same, with all exhibits 
thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto each 
such attorney-in-fact and agent, or his substitutes, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and 
thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, to all intents and purposes and as fully as he might or 
could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that each such attorney-in-fact and agent, or his substitutes, may 
lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Annual Report has been signed by the 

following persons in the capacities and on the date indicated: 

Signature

Title

Date

/s/ George M. Murphy
George M. Murphy

President, Chief Executive Officer

February 28, 2022

/s/ Christopher T. Whitford
Christoper T. Whitford

Vice President, Chief Financial Officer,
Secretary, and Principal Accounting Officer

Director

Director

Director

/s/ David F. Brussard
David F. Brussard

/s/ Frederic H. Lindeberg
Frederic H. Lindeberg

/s/ Peter J. Manning
Peter J. Manning

/s/ Thalia M. Meehan
Thalia M. Meehan

/s/ Mary C. Moran
Mary C. Moran

February 28, 2022

February 28, 2022

February 28, 2022

February 28, 2022

Lead Independent Director

February 28, 2022

Director

February 28, 2022

115 

This page left blank intentionally.

Corporate Information

EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

George M. Murphy, CPCU
President and Chief Executive Officer

Christopher T. Whitford, CPA 
Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary

James D. Berry, CPCU
Vice President—Underwriting

John P. Drago
Vice President—Marketing

Glenn R. Hiltpold, FCAS
Vice President—Actuarial Services

Ann M. McKeown
Vice President—Insurance Operations

Paul J. Narciso
Vice President—Claims

Stephen A. Varga
Vice President—Management Information Systems

Shareholder Information

TRANSFER AGENT
Broadridge Shareholder Services
C/O Broadridge Corporate Issuer Solutions 
P.O. Box 1342 
Brentwood, NY 11717-0718 
Shareholder inquiries: 877-830-4936 
www.shareholder.broadridge.com 

INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
Deloitte & Touche LLP
Boston, MA

GENERAL COUNSEL
Elizabeth B. Brodeur
20 Custom House Street
Boston, MA 02110

EXECUTIVE OFFICES
20 Custom House Street
Boston, MA 02110
617-951-0600
http://www.SafetyInsurance.com

David F. Brussard (3C) 
Chairman 

John D. Farina 

Deborah E. Gray 

Peter J. Manning (1C)(2)(4) 

Thalia M. Meehan (1)(2C)(3)(4) 

Mary C. Moran (1)(2)(4C) 

George M. Murphy (3)

(1) Member of the Audit Committee 

(2) Member of the Compensation Committee 

(3) Member of the Investment Committee 

(4) Member of the Nominating and Governance Committee

(C) Chairperson of the committee referenced

STOCK LISTING
We are listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Market      
under the symbol “SAFT.”

OFFICE OF INVESTOR RELATIONS
20 Custom House Street 
Boston, MA 02110
Tel: 877-951-2522
Fax: 617-603-4837
e-Mail: InvestorRelations@SafetyInsurance.com

ANNUAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS
Wednesday. June 1, 2022 at 10:00 A.M. EST
20 Custom House Street, Boston, MA 02110

ANNUAL REPORT TO SHAREHOLDERS
Anyone interested in a copy of our Annual Report on  
Form 10-K, or any of our other public information, 
including press releases, Section 16 reports and other 
SEC filings, may obtain a copy without charge by either 
contacting the Office of Investor Relations listed above  
or by viewing and downloading from our Web site:  
www.SafetyInsurance.com, under “About Safety,”  
“Investor Information.”

Safety Insurance Group, Inc.

20 Custom House Street

Boston, MA 02110

617-951-0600 

www.SafetyInsurance.com