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Sealand Capital Galaxy

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FY2021 Annual Report · Sealand Capital Galaxy
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SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

CONTENTS 

Corporate Information 

Chairman’s Statement 

Directors’ Report 

Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities 

Independent Auditor’s Report 

Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss 

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income 

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position 

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity 

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows 

PAGES 

1 

2 

3 – 5 

6 

7 – 10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

16 – 39 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

CORPORATE INFORMATION 

Board of Directors 

Executive Director:   

Non-executive Directors: 

Company Secretary 

Registered Office 

Independent Auditor 

Mr Chung Lam Nelson Law 
(Chairman and Chief Financial Officer) 

Mr Mark Barney Battles (Resigned on 31 March 2021) 
Mr Geoffrey John Griggs 

Collas Crill Corporate Services Limited 
Willow House, PO Box 709,   
Cricket Square, Grand Cayman, 
KY1 1107, Cayman Islands 

Willow House, PO Box 709,   
Cricket Square, Grand Cayman, 
KY1 1107, Cayman Islands 

PKF Littlejohn LLP 
15 Westferry Circus, 
London E14 4HD, 
United Kingdom  

Principal Banker 

China Construction Bank (Asia) Corporation Limited 

Legal advisers for English law 

Legal advisers for Cayman Islands law 

Hill Dickinson LLP 
The Broadgate Tower, 
20 Primrose Street,   
London EC2A 2EW 

Collas Crill & CARD 
Willow House, PO Box 709, 
Cricket Square, Grand Cayman, 
KY1 1107, Cayman Islands 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT 

Dear Shareholders 

I hereby present the annual report of Sealand Capital Galaxy Limited (the “Company” or “Sealand”, together with 
its subsidiaries, the “Group”) for the year ended 31 December 2021 (the “Year”).   

PERFORMANCE FOR THE YEAR 

The  Group  reported  a  loss  of  £1,033,713  (2020:  £525,156)  during  the  Year.  Our  business  was  continuously 
impacted  by  the  COVID-19  epidemic  over  our overseas  subsidiaries’  operations  during  the Year.  The  Group’s 
revenue for the Year decreased by 74.34% to £177,667 (2020: £692,410) following the closure of one of our major 
customers related to the Group’s digital marketing segment. 

Despite this the Group was able to make certain achievements in successfully launching certain consumer brands 
on a global direct sales platform.   

KEY DEVELOPMENTS FOR THE YEAR 

The Company, through one of its wholly owned subsidiaries, has successfully deepened its presence on Tmall by 
securing and launching a number of consumer brands on the Tmall Global Direct Sales Brand Stations, including 
Carter Beauty, Czech & Speake, Heath London, HH Simonsen, Inari, Living Garden Honey, Missguided Beauty, 
Silllk Aromas Beauty, and The Gruff Stuf. Tmall is a leading Chinese-language website for business-to-consumer 
online retail, allowing local Chinese and international businesses to sell brand name goods to consumers in greater 
China. After entry on the Tmall Global Direct Sales Brand Station, the Group believed that our brands would have 
far greater exposure to online shoppers.   

FUTURE PROSPECTS AND OUTLOOK 

The  COVID  continued  to  have  serious  impact  on  various  economies  that  the  Group  operates.  We  are  now 
leveraging  our  partner  relationships  with  Tmall  to  build  bridges  between  Chinese  consumers  and  European 
merchants  of  high  quality  brands.  We  continue  to  believe  that  our  ability  to  offer  commercial  and  logistical 
solutions to businesses in a world that is certainly moving ever more rapidly towards online shopping and away 
from physical stores will be critical for the growth of the business. 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 

We wish to express our appreciation to our shareholders, business partners and suppliers for their continued support 
during what has been a difficult time for all. We would like to thank our dedicated staff for their contributions to 
the success of the Group. 

Chung Lam Nelson Law   
Chairman 
29 June 2022 

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

DIRECTORS’ REPORT 

The directors present their report, together with the audited financial statements of Sealand Capital Galaxy Limited 
and its subsidiaries for the year ended 31 December 2021 (the “Year”). 

The Company 

Sealand Capital Galaxy Limited was incorporated in the Cayman Islands on 22 May 2015 as an exempted company 
with limited liability under the Companies Law. The Company’s registered office is Willow House, PO Box 709, 
Cricket Square, Grand Cayman, KY1-1107, Cayman Islands.   

Principal activities 

The Company’s nature of operations is to act as a Special Purpose Acquisition Company. 

The Group engaged in digital marketing and other IT and e-Commerce related businesses. 

Results and dividends   

The results are set out in the primary statements on pages 11 to 12 of the financial statements. The directors do not 
recommend a payment of dividend for the Year (2020: Nil).   

Business review and management report         

Overview 

During the Year, The Group recorded a consolidated loss of £1,033,713 (2020: £525,156) as set out on page 11 of 
these financial statements. 

Operations 

(a) 

Digital marketing and payment solution 

The  revenue  from  the  digital  marketing  and  payment  solution  segment  for  the  Year  decreased  from 
£641,511 to £148,530. The decrease is mainly due to the closure of one of the major customers of a flagship 
subsidiary of the Group. 

(b) 

Software development and support 

During  the Year,  the  Group’s  software  development  and  support  segment  generated  no  revenue  (2020: 
£6,590).   

(c) 

e-Commerce 

The Group has been developing the e-Commerce business and recorded the revenue from e-Commerce of 
£29,137 (2020: £44,309) for the Year. The Group has now been successful in securing exclusive distribution 
contracts with a number of premium brands. 

Going concern 

As  at  31  December  2021,  the  Group  has  cash  and  cash  equivalent  balances  and  net  liabilities  and  net  current 
liabilities of £8,198 and£1,039,815, respectively. 

The director’s cash-flow projections for the forthcoming 12 months conclude there will be the need for additional 
cash resources to fully implement the business plans. The directors are in discussions with a number of individuals 
that  may  lead  to  further  equity  and/or  loans  being  raised.  There  is  no  certainty  that  any  such  funds  will  be 
forthcoming or the price and other terms being acceptable. 

3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

DIRECTORS’ REPORT (CONTINUED) 

Our strategy 

The Group is committed to achieving long term sustainable growth of its business in order to preserve and enhance 
shareholders’ value. The Group is focused on selecting attractive investment opportunities to strengthen and extend 
its business scope, and has maintained prudent and disciplined financial management to ensure its sustainability. 

Outlook 

The Group will continue to monitor market developments and will manage its businesses and investment portfolio 
with a view to further improving its overall asset quality and potential growth. The Group will also continue to 
manage its assets and assess new investment opportunities to achieve stable growth and enhance shareholders’ 
value. 

Event after the reporting period 

The forthcoming financial year is expected to be challenging. The Directors will closely monitor the developments 
of the COVID-19 epidemic, assess and react actively to its impacts on the financial position and operating results 
of the Group as set out in Note 31 to the financial statements. 

Directors   

The following directors served during the year ended 31 December 2021: 

Mr Chung Lam Nelson Law   
Mr Geoffrey John Griggs 
Mr Mark Barney Battles 

(Chairman and Chief Financial Officer)  
(Non-executive Director) 
(Non-executive Director) (Resigned on 31 March 2021) 

Substantial shareholding   

At 31 December 2021, the Company has been notified of the following interests of 3 per cent or more in its issued 
share capital as at the date of approval of this report:     

Name 

Chung Lam Nelson Law * 
Tien San Chua 
Computershare Company Nominees Limited 
Mau Chung Ng   
Wing Chak Victor Lam 

(* indicates a director of the Company) 

Directors’ interests   

      Number of   
Ordinary Shares 

Approximate 
        % Shareholding 

247,849,753 
  72,000,000 
78,663,679 
  40,000,000 
  25,580,000 

  41.61% 
  12.09% 
13.21% 
  6.71% 
  4.29% 

The directors’ interests in the share capital of the Company as at 31 December 2021 are shown below. All interests 
are beneficial.   

Mr Chung Lam Nelson Law 

Directors’ emoluments are detailed in Note 10 to the financial statements. 

Share capital and voting rights   

Number of   
Ordinary Shares 
  247,849,753 

Details of the share capital and movements in share capital during the year are disclosed in Note 21 to the financial 
statements.  During  the  year,  the  issued  share  capital  has  been  increased  by  £8,586  by  the  issue  of  85,864,039 
ordinary shares. On 19 October 2021, the Company granted 105,122,539 shares options to directors and employees. 
Details of these share options are detailed in Note 25 to the financial statements.   

4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

DIRECTORS’ REPORT (CONTINUED) 

Financial risk management 

The Group’s financial risk management objective is to minimise, as far as possible, the Group’s exposure to each 
risk as detailed in Note 5 to the financial statements.   

Corporate governance 

As a company with a Standard Listing, the Group is not required to comply with the provisions of the Corporate 
Governance Code. Although the Company has not adopted the Corporate Governance Code, it intends to adopt 
such procedures as are appropriate for the size and nature of the Company and the size and composition of the 
Board. These corporate governance procedures have been selected with due regard to the provision of the UK 
Corporate Governance Code in particular:   

 

 

 

 

given  the  size  of  the  Board,  certain  provisions  of  the  Corporate  Governance  Code  (in  particular  the 
provisions  relating  to  the  composition  of  the  Board  and  the  division  of  responsibilities  between  the 
Chairman and chief executive and executive compensation), are not being complied with by the Company 
as the Board considers these provisions to be inapplicable to the Company; 

given the size of the Board, the board has not established an audit committee, a remuneration committee 
and a nomination committee comprising at least one non-executive director in each committee. The Board 
is taking the responsibilities  to  review audit and risk matters, as well as  the  Board’s size, structure and 
composition  and  the  scale  and  structure  of  the  directors’  fees,  taking  into  account  the  interests  of 
Shareholders  and  the  performance  of  the  Company,  and  will  take  responsibility  for  the  appointment  of 
auditors  and  payment  of  their  audit  fee,  monitor  and  review  the  integrity  of  the  Company’s  financial 
statements and take responsibility for any formal announcements on the Company’s financial performance. 

the  Corporate  Governance  Code  recommends  the  submission  of  all  directors  for  re-election  at  annual 
intervals. None of the directors will be required to retire by rotation and be submitted for re-election; and 

the Board has complied with the provision of the Corporate Governance Code that at least half of the Board, 
excluding  the  Chairman,  should  comprise  non-executive  directors  determined  by  the  Board  to  be 
independent. 

Auditors 

The  auditors,  PKF  Littlejohn  LLP,  have  expressed  their  willingness  to  continue  in  office  and  a  resolution  to 
reappoint them will be proposed at the Annual General Meeting. 

Disclosure of Information to Auditors 

So  far  as  the  directors  are  aware,  there  is  no  relevant  audit  information  of  which  the  Company’s  auditors  are 
unaware, and each Director has taken all the steps that he ought to have taken as a Director in order to make himself 
aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the Company’s auditors are aware of that information. 

By order of the board   

Chung Lam Nelson Law 
Chairman 
29 June 2022 

5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

STATEMENT OF DIRECTORS’ RESPONSIBILITIES 

The  directors  are  responsible  for  preparing  the  annual  report  and  the  financial  statements  in  accordance  with 
applicable  laws  and  regulations.  The  directors  are  required  to  prepare  financial  statements  for  the  Group  in 
accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the European Union (“IFRS”). 

The directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view 
of affairs of the Group and of the profit or loss of the Group for that period. In preparing the financial statements, 
the directors are required to: 

- 

Select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; 

-  Make judgments and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent; 

- 

- 

State  whether  applicable  IFRSs  as  adopted  by  the  European  Union  have  been  followed,  subject  to  any 
material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements; and 

Prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the 
Company will continue in business. 

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the 
Group’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Group and 
enable  them  to  ensure  that  the  financial  statements  comply  with  applicable  law. They  are  also  responsible  for 
safeguarding the assets of the  Group and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of 
fraud and other irregularities. 

The directors are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the corporate and financial information included 
on the Company’s website. 

Legislation  in  the  Cayman  Islands  governing  the  preparation  and  dissemination  of  the  accounts  and  the  other 
information included in annual reports may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions. 

Directors’ Responsibility Statement Pursuant to Disclosure and Transparency Rules 

Each of the directors, whose names and functions are listed on page 1, confirms that, to the best of their knowledge 
and belief: 

- 

- 

the financial statements prepared in accordance with IFRS as adopted by the European Union, give a true 
and fair view of the assets, liabilities, financial position and loss of the Group and parent company; and 

the Annual Report and financial statements, including the Business review, includes a fair review of the 
development and performance of the business and the position of the Group and parent company, together 
with a description of the principal risks and uncertainties that they face. 

By order of the board   

Chung Lam Nelson Law 
Chairman 
29 June 2022 

6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY 
LIMITED   

Opinion   

We have audited the Group financial statements of Sealand Capital Galaxy Limited (‘the Group’) 
for the year ended 31 December 2021 which comprise the Consolidated Statement of Profit or loss, 
the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income, the Consolidated Statement of Financial 
Position, the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity, the Consolidated Statement of Cash 
Flows and Notes to the Financial Statements, including significant accounting policies. The financial 
reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and International 
Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs). 

In our opinion, the Group financial statements:   

•  give a true and fair view of the state of the Group’s affairs as at 31 December 2021 and of 

its loss for the year then ended; and 

•  have  been  properly  prepared  in  accordance  with  International  Financial  Reporting 

Standards (IFRS).   

Basis for opinion   

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) 
and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s 
responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent 
of the company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the 
financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard as applied to listed entities, 
and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We 
believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for 
our opinion.   

Material uncertainty related to going concern 

We draw attention to note 4 (q) in the Group financial statements, which indicates that the Group 
incurred a net loss of £1,026,639 during the year ended 31 December 2021 and, as of that date, 
the Group was in a net liability position of £1,018,117. As stated in note 4, the directors’ cash flow 
projections  for  the  following  12  months  conclude  that  there  will  be  the  need  for  additional  cash 
resources,  but  there  is  no  certainty  that  any  such  funds  will  be  forthcoming.  These  events  or 
conditions, along with the other matters as set forth in note 4, indicate that a material uncertainty 
exists that may cast significant doubt on the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern. Our 
opinion is not modified in respect of this matter. 

In auditing the Group financial statements, we have concluded that the director’s use of the going 
concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the Group financial statements is appropriate. 
Our evaluation of the directors’ assessment of the company’s ability to continue to adopt the going 
concern basis of accounting included obtaining managements’ forecasts to the period ended 30 
June 2023 and challenging the significant assumptions within. In order for the Group to meet their 
liabilities as they fall due, the Group will need to raise funds either from existing shareholders or 
the open market. We have obtained confirmation from the majority shareholder of his commitment 
to provide financial support to the Group. 

Our  responsibilities  and  the  responsibilities  of  the  directors  with  respect  to  going  concern  are 
described in the relevant sections of this report.   

Our application of materiality   

The  scope  of  our  audit  was  influenced  by  our  application  of  materiality.  The  quantitative  and 
qualitative thresholds for materiality determine the scope of our audit and the nature, timing and 
extent  of  our  audit  procedures.  The  materiality  applied  to  the  Group  financial  statements  was 
£52,100  (2020:  £42,550)  based  on  5%  of  the  loss  made  during  the  financial  year  and  the  net 
liabilities at the year end. The performance materiality was £36,470 (2020: £29,785), being 70% of 
overall materiality to ensure sufficient coverage for group reporting purposes For each component 
in  the  scope  of  our  Group  audit,  we  allocated  a  materiality  that  is  less  than  our  overall  Group 
7 

 
 
 
 
materiality. As a Group whose main aim is profitability through investments and acquisitions, loss 
before tax and net liabilities of the Group were considered the most appropriate benchmarks to 
shareholders.   

We agreed with those charged with governance that we would report all differences identified during 
the course of our audit in excess of £2,605 (2020: £2,128). There were no revisions made to these 
levels during the course of the audit. We agreed with those charged with governance that we would 
also report any qualitative differences arising. 

Our approach to the audit 

In designing our audit, we determined materiality and assessed the risks of material misstatement 
in the Group financial statements. In particular we looked at areas involving significant accounting 
estimates  and  judgements  by  the  directors  and  considered  future  events  that  are  inherently 
uncertain. As in all of our audits, we also addressed the risk of management override of internal 
controls, including among other matters consideration of whether there was evidence of bias that 
represented a risk of material misstatement due to fraud.   

Of the 19 components of the Group, a full scope audit was performed on the complete financial 
information of 6 components, and the remaining components were subject to analytical review only 
because they were not significant to the Group.   

Of the 7 reporting components of the Group, 6 are located in Hong Kong and China and audited 
by a network firm operating under our instruction, and the audit of the remaining components were 
performed in London, conducted by PKF Littlejohn LLP using a team with specific experience of 
auditing groups and publicly listed entities. The engagement partner interacted regularly with the 
component  audit  teams  during  all  stages  of  the  audit  and  was  responsible  for  the  scope  and 
direction of the audit process. This, in conjunction with additional procedures performed, gave us 
appropriate evidence for our opinion on the Group financial statements. 

Key audit matters   

Except for the matter described in the Material uncertainty related to going concern section, we 
have determined that there are no other key audit matters to communicate in our report. 

Other information 

The other information comprises the information included in the annual report, other than the Group 
financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon. The directors are responsible for the other 
information contained within the annual report. Our opinion on the Group financial statements does 
not cover the other information and, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. 
Our  responsibility  is  to  read  the  other  information  and,  in  doing  so,  consider  whether  the  other 
information is materially inconsistent with the Group financial statements or our knowledge obtained 
in  the  course  of  the  audit,  or  otherwise  appears  to  be  materially  misstated.  If  we  identify  such 
material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether 
this gives rise to a material misstatement in the Group financial statements themselves. If, based 
on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other 
information, we are required to report that fact.   

We have nothing to report in this regard.   

Responsibilities of directors   

As explained more fully in the Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities, the directors are responsible 
for the preparation of the Group financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true 
and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the 
preparation of Group financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to 
fraud or error.   

In preparing the Group financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the Group’s 
ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern 
and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the 
Group or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.   

8 

 
 
Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements   

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the Group financial statements 
as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an 
auditor’s report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but 
is  not  a  guarantee  that  an  audit  conducted  in  accordance  with  ISAs  (UK)  will  always  detect  a 
material  misstatement  when  it  exists.  Misstatements  can  arise  from  fraud  or  error  and  are 
considered  material  if,  individually  or  in  the  aggregate,  they  could  reasonably  be  expected  to 
influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these Group financial statements.   

Irregularities,  including  fraud,  are  instances  of  non-compliance  with  laws  and  regulations.  We 
design procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements 
in  respect  of  irregularities,  including  fraud.  The  extent  to  which  our  procedures  are  capable  of 
detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed below: 

•  We  obtained  an  understanding  of  the  company and  the  sector  in  which  they  operate  to 
identify laws and regulations that could reasonably be expected to have a direct effect on 
the  Group  financial  statements.  We  obtained  our  understanding  in  this  regard  through 
discussions  with  management,  and  application  of  our  cumulative  audit  knowledge  and 
experience of the sector. 

•  We determined the principal laws and regulations relevant to the company in this regard to 
be those arising from LSE rules, Cayman Islands laws and local regulations applicable to 
the subsidiaries. 

•  We designed our audit procedures to ensure the audit team considered whether there were 
any indications of non-compliance by the company with those laws and regulations. These 
procedures included, but were not limited to: enquiries of management, review of minutes 
and Regulatory News Service (RNS) announcements and review of legal and regulatory 
correspondence. 

•  We also identified the risks of material misstatement of the Group financial statements due 
to fraud. We considered, in addition to the non-rebuttable presumption of a risk of fraud 
arising from management override of controls, that the potential for management bias was 
identified  in  relation  to  the  impairment  assessment  of  customer  contracts  and  the 
amortisation  charged  thereon.  We  addressed  this  by  challenging  the  assumptions  and 
judgements made by management when evaluating any indicators of impairment. 

•  As in all of our audits, we addressed the risk of fraud arising from management override of 
controls by performing audit procedures which included but were not limited to: the testing 
of  journals;  reviewing  accounting  estimates  for  evidence  of  bias;  and  evaluating  the 
business rationale of any significant transactions that are unusual or outside the normal 
course of business. 

•  We engaged with our component auditors to ensure they assessed whether there were any 
instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations at a local level and ensured they 
reported any such breached or concerns to us. None were noted at the component or Group 
level. 

Because of the inherent limitations of an audit, there is a risk that we will not detect all irregularities, 
including  those  leading  to  a  material  misstatement  in  the  Group  financial  statements  or  non-
compliance with regulation.    This risk increases the more that compliance with a law or regulation 
is removed from the events and transactions reflected in the Group financial statements, as we will 
be less likely to become aware of instances of non-compliance. The risk is also greater regarding 
irregularities occurring due to fraud rather than error, as fraud involves intentional concealment, 
forgery, collusion, omission or misrepresentation. 

A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the Group financial statements is located 
on  the  Financial  Reporting  Council’s  website  at:  www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities.  This 
description forms part of our auditor’s report.   

9 

 
 
 
 
 
Use of our report 

This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, in accordance our engagement 
letter  dated  29 April  2022.    Our  audit  work  has  been  undertaken  so  that  we  might  state  to  the 
company’s members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for 
no other purpose.    To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility 
to anyone, other than the company and the company's members as a body, for our audit work, for 
this report, or for the opinions we have formed. 

Mark Ling (Engagement Partner)   
For and on behalf of PKF Littlejohn LLP 
Statutory Auditor 

                                                  June 2021 

15 Westferry Circus 
Canary Wharf 
London E14 4HD 

10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF PROFIT OR LOSS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

Revenue 

Cost of services 

Gross profit 

Other income 

Administrative expenses 

Finance cost arising from finance lease 

Impairment loss on trade and contract assets 

Share of results of an associate 

Gain on bargain purchase of a subsidiary 

Loss before tax 

Income tax expense 

Loss for the year 

Attributable to: 
Equity holders of the Company 
Non-controlling interests 

Note 

2021 
£ 

2020 
£ 

8 

8 

20 

14 

24 

9 

11 

177.667 

692,410 

(161,236) 

(480,295) 

16,431 

88,098 

212,115 

48,366 

(1,050,049) 

(786,292) 

(656) 

(1,644) 

(91,757) 

290 

3,930 

- 

2,482 

- 

(1,033,713) 

(524,973) 

- 

(183) 

(1,033,713) 

(525,156) 

(962,473) 
(71,240) 

(1,033,713) 

(515,328) 
(9,828) 

(525,156) 

Loss per share attributable to equity holders of 

the Company 

Basic and diluted 

12 

Pence 
(0.002) 

Pence 
(0.001) 

The notes to the financial statements form an integral part of these financial statements. 

11 

 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

Loss for the year 

(1,033,713) 

(525,156) 

Note 

2021 
£ 

2020 
£ 

Other comprehensive income 
Items not to be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss: 
-  Share of other comprehensive income of an associate 

Items to be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss: 
-  Exchange differences on translation of foreign operations 

Other comprehensive income for the year, net of tax 

Total comprehensive loss for the year 

Attributable to: 
Equity holders of the Company 
Non-controlling interests 

14 

(27) 

(129) 

(12,187) 

(12,214) 

26,084 

25,955 

(1,045,927) 

(499,201) 

(972,055) 
(73,872) 

(490,877) 
(8,324) 

(1,045,927) 

(499,201) 

The notes to the financial statements form an integral part of these financial statements. 

12 

 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 
AT 31 DECEMBER 2021 

Note 

2021 
£ 

2020 
£ 

Non-current assets 

Property, plant and equipment 
Investment in an associate 

Current assets 
Inventories 
Prepayments and other receivables 
Trade receivables   
Contract assets 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Current liabilities 
Trade payables 
Other payables and accrued expense 
Amount due to a director 
Contract liabilities 
Finance lease liabilities 

Net current liabilities 

Total assets less current liabilities 

Non-current liabilities 

Finance lease liabilities 

Net liabilities 

Capital and reserves 

Share capital 
Reserves 

Total equity attributable to equity shareholders of the 

Company 

Non-controlling interests 

Total equity 

13 
14 

15 
16 
16 
17 

18 

19 
17 
20 

20 

21 

15,650 
- 
15,650 

81,823 
66,520 
15,123 
- 
8,198 
171,664 

117,853 
429,255 
649,621 
- 
14,750 
1,211,479 

47,250 
2,357 
49,607 

- 
44,610 
77,738 
25,099 
16,002 
163,449 

75,202 
698,277 
385,034 
3,682 
28,865 
1,191,060 

(1,039,815) 

(1,027,611) 

(1,024,165) 

(978,004) 

- 
- 

14,691 
14,691 

(1,024,165) 

(992,695)   

59,569 
(713,857) 

(654,288) 
(369,877) 

50,983 
(747,673) 

(696,690) 
(296,005) 

(1,024,165) 

(992,695) 

The notes to the Financial Statements form an integral part of these financial statements. 

These Financial Statements were approved by the Board of Directors and authorised for issue on 29 June 2022.   

Signed on behalf of the Board of Directors 

…………………………………………… 
Chung Lam Nelson Law 
Chairman 
29 June 2022

13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

Attributable to equity holders of the Company 

Share 
capital 
£ 

Share 
Premium 
£ 

Share-based 
payment 
reserve 
£ 

Exchange 
Reserve 
£ 

Accumulated 
losses 
£ 

Total 
£ 

Non-
controlling 
interests 
£ 

Total 
equity 
£ 

At 1 January 2021 

50,983 

6,012,444 

Loss for the year 
Exchange differences arising in translation 

Total comprehensive loss 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

Issue of ordinary shares (Note 21) 
Issue of employee stock options (Note 25(a)) 

At 31 December 2021 

8,586 
- 

648,454 
- 

59,569 

6,660,898 

- 
357,417 

357,417 

14,963 

(6,775,080) 

(696,690) 

(296,005) 

(992,695) 

- 
(9,582) 

(9,582) 

- 
- 

(962,473) 
- 

(962,473) 
(9,582) 

(71,240) 
(2,632) 

(1,033,713) 
(12,214) 

(962,473) 

(972,055) 

(73,872) 

(1,045,927) 

- 
- 

657,040 
  357,417 

- 
- 

657,040 
357,417 

5,381 

(7,737,553) 

(654,288) 

(369,877) 

(1,024,165) 

At 1 January 2020 

50,405 

5,988,022 

3,543 

(6,542,918) 

(500,948) 

(45,978) 

(546,926) 

Loss of the year 
Exchange differences arising in translation 

Total comprehensive income/(loss) 

Issue of warrants (Note 25(c)) 
Exercise of warrants (Note 25(c)) 
Issue of shares of a subsidiary to non-controlling 

interest 

Changes in non-controlling interests without change in 

control (Note 23) 

At 31 December 2020 

- 
- 

- 

- 
578 

- 

- 

The notes to the financial statements form an integral part of these financial statements.

- 
24,451 

24,451 

- 
- 

- 

(515,328) 
- 

(515,328) 
24,451 

(9,828) 
1,504 

(525,156) 
25,955 

(515,328) 

(490,877) 

(8,324) 

(499,201) 

- 
27,746 

27,746 
25,000 

- 

- 

- 
- 

686 

27,746 
25,000 

686 

- 

(13,031) 

255,420 

242,389 

(242,389) 

50,983 

6,012,444 

14,963 

(6,775,080) 

(696,690) 

(296,005) 

(992,695) 

- 
24,422 

27,746 
(27,746) 

- 
- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

  - 
- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES 
Loss before tax 

Adjustments for: 
Depreciation 
Amortisation 
Share of profit of an associate 
Provision for impairment loss on trade and contract assets 
Share based payment expense 
Gain on forgiveness of lease payments   
Gain on early termination of a lease 
Gain on bargain purchase of a subsidiary 
Interest expenses 
Bank interest income 

Note 

2021 
£ 

2020 
£ 

(1,033,713) 

(524,973) 

13 

14 

25 
20 
20 
24 

31,340 
- 
(290) 
91,757 
384,917 
- 
- 
(3,930) 
656 
(9) 

57,435 
35,280 
(2,482) 
- 
27,746 
(2,995) 
(898) 
- 
1,644 
(19) 

Operating cash flows before movements in working capital 

(529,272) 

(409,262) 

Increase in inventories 
(Increase)/Decrease in prepayments and other receivables 
Increase in amounts due to a director 
Decrease/(Increase) in trade receivables and contract assets 
Decrease in trade payables and contract liabilities 
Increase in other payables and accrued expenses 

Payment of interest portion of lease liabilities 
Income tax paid 

Net cash (used in)/generated from operating activities 

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES 

Purchase of property, plant and equipment 
Capital invested into an associate 
Net cash inflow on acquisition of a subsidiary   
Interest income received 

Net cash generated from/(used in) investing activities 

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES 

Issue of shares 
Proceeds from exercise of warrants 
Issue of shares of a subsidiary to non-controlling interests 
Payment of principal portion of lease liabilities 

Net cash generated from/(used in) financing activities 

24 

(81,823) 
(21,868) 
264,538 
7,981 
(11,464) 
270,978 

(100,930) 
(656) 
- 

(101,586) 

-   
- 
43,685 
9 

43,694 

89,540 
- 
- 
(28,566) 

60,974 

- 
13,193 
255,764 
(91,392) 
(22,293) 
276,796 

22,806 
(1,644) 
(183) 

20,979 

(4,615) 
(4) 
- 
19 

(4,600) 

- 
25,000 
686 
(61,848) 

(36,162) 

Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 

3,082 

(19,783) 

Foreign exchange realignment 
Cash and cash equivalents at 1 January 

Cash and cash equivalents at 31 December 

(10,886) 
16,002 

8,198 

24,897 
10,888 

16,002 

The notes to the financial statements form an integral part of these financial statements.

15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

1. 

GENERAL INFORMATION 

Sealand Capital Galaxy Limited (the “Company”) was incorporated in the Cayman Islands on 22 May 2015 
as  an  exempted  company  with  limited  liability  under  the  Companies  Law  of  the  Cayman  Islands. The 
Company’s registered office is at Willow House, PO Box 709, Cricket Square, Grand Cayman, KY1-1107, 
Cayman  Islands.  These  consolidated  financial  statements  comprise  the  Company  and  its  subsidiaries 
(together referred to as the “Group”) 

The Company’s nature of operations is to act as a special purpose acquisition company. 

The Group engaged in digital marketing and other IT and e-Commerce related businesses. 

2. 

BASIS OF PREPARATION 

These  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  International  Financial  Reporting 
Standards (“IFRSs”) as adopted for use by the European Union (“EU”) and IFRIC interpretations applicable 
to companies reporting under IFRS.   

These financial statements are presented in Great British Pounds (“£”) rounded to the nearest Great British 
Pound, except for otherwise indicated, and have been prepared under the historical cost convention.   

These financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis. 

3. 

STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS 

(i) 

New and amended standards adopted by the Group 

At the date of this report, the Group has applied the following  standards and amendments for the 
first time for its annual reporting period commencing 1 January 2021: 

Standard / Interpretation   
Amendments to IFRS 4 

Title     
Extension of the Temporary Exemption from Applying IFRS 9 

The  application  of  the  new  amendments  to IFRSs  and  Interpretations  in  the  current  year  had no 
material impact on the Group’s financial performance and positions for the current and prior years 
and/or on the disclosures set out in these financial statements. 

(ii)  New  and  amended  standards  and  interpretations  issued  but  not  yet  effective  or  not  yet 

endorsed for the financial year beginning 1 January 2022 and not early adopted. 

At the date of authorisation of these Financial Statements, the Group has not applied the following 
new and revised IFRSs that have been issued but are not yet effective and (in some cases) have not 
yet been adopted by the EU. The Group intends to adopt these standards, if applicable, when they 
become effective. 

Standard / Interpretation   
IFRS 17 
Amendments to IFRS 3 
Amendments to IFRS 10 and IAS 28 

Title   
Insurance Contracts 3 
Reference to the Conceptual Framework 2 
Sale or Contribution of Assets between an Investor and its 
Associate or Joint Venture1 
Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-current 3 
Property, Plant and Equipment – Proceeds before Intended Use 2 
Onerous Contracts – Cost of Fulfiling a Contract 2 

Amendments to IAS 1 
Amendments to IAS 16 
Amendments to IAS 37   
Annual Improvements to IFRS Standards  Amendments to IFRS 1 First-time Adoption of International 
  2018-2020 Cycle   

Financial Reporting Standards, IFRS 9 Financial Instruments, 
IFRS 16 Leases, and IAS 41 Agriculture 2 

1   Effective for annual periods beginning on or after a date to be determined 
2    Effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2022 
3   Effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023 

16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

3. 

STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS (CONTINUED) 

The directors of the Company consider that the application of the other new and amendments to 
IFRSs is unlikely to have a material impact on the Group’s financial position and performance as 
well as disclosure. 

4. 

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

(a) 

Basis of consolidation 

These financial statements comprise the financial statements of the Company and entities controlled 
by the Company (its subsidiaries) for the year ended 31 December 2021.   

Control  is  achieved  when  the  Group  is  exposed,  or  has  rights,  to  variable  returns  from  its 
involvement with the investee and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the 
investee. Specifically, the Group controls an investee if, and only if, the Group has: 

  Power over the investee (i.e., existing rights that give it the current ability to direct the relevant 

activities of the investee) 

    Exposure, or rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee 
    The ability to use its power over the investee to affect its returns 

Generally, there is a presumption that a majority of voting rights results in control. To support this 
presumption  and  when  the  Group  has  less  than  a  majority  of  the  voting  or  similar  rights  of  an 
investee, the Group considers all relevant facts and circumstances in assessing whether it has power 
over an investee, including: 

  The contractual arrangement(s) with the other vote holders of the investee 
  Rights arising from other contractual arrangements 
  The Group’s voting rights and potential voting rights 

(i) 

Business combinations 

The Group accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method when control is 
transferred  to  the  Group.  The  consideration  transferred  in  the  acquisition  is  generally 
measured at fair value, as are the identifiable net assets acquired. Any goodwill that arises is 
tested annually for impairment. Any gain on a bargain purchase is recognised in profit or loss 
immediately. Transaction costs are expensed as incurred, except if related to the issue of debt 
or equity securities. 

The  consideration  transferred  does  not  include  amounts  related  to  the  settlement  of  pre-
existing relationships. Such amounts are generally recognised in profit or loss. 

Any  contingent  consideration  is  measured  at  fair  value  at  the  date  of  acquisition.  If  an 
obligation to pay contingent consideration that meets the definition of a financial instrument 
is classified as equity, then it is not remeasured and settlement is accounted for within equity. 
Otherwise, other contingent consideration is remeasured at fair value at each reporting date 
and subsequent changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration are recognised in 
profit or loss.  

(ii) 

Subsidiaries 

Subsidiaries are entities controlled by the Group. The  Group controls an entity when it is 
exposed to, or has rights to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the 
ability to affect those returns through its power over the entity. The financial statements of 
subsidiaries  are  included  in  the  consolidated  financial  statements  from  the  date  on  which 
control commences until the date on which control ceases. 

17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

4. 

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED) 

(a) 

Basis of consolidation (Continued) 

(iii)  Loss of control 

When the Group loses control over a subsidiary, it derecognises the assets and liabilities of 
the subsidiary, and any related NCI and other components of equity. Any resulting gain or 
loss is recognised in profit or loss. Any interest retained in the former subsidiary is measured 
at fair value when control is lost. A change in the ownership interest of a subsidiary, without 
a loss of control, is accounted for as an equity transaction. 

(iv)  Transactions eliminated on consolidation 

Intra-group balances and transactions, and any unrealised income and expenses arising from 
intra-group  transactions,  are  eliminated.  Unrealised  gains  arising  from  transactions  with 
equity-accounted investee are eliminated against the investment to the extent of the Group’s 
interest in the investee. Unrealised losses are eliminated in the same way as unrealised gains, 
but only to the extent that there is no evidence of impairment. 

(b)  Associates 

An associate is an entity over which the Group has significant influence. Significant influence is the 
power to participate in the financial and operating policy decisions of the investee, but is not control 
or joint control over those policies. 

The considerations made in determining significant influence or joint control are similar to those 
necessary  to  determine  control  over  subsidiaries.  The  Group’s  investment  in  its  associate  is 
accounted for using the equity method.   

Under the equity method, the investment in an associate is initially recognised at cost. The carrying 
amount of the investment is adjusted to recognise changes in the Group’s share of net assets of the 
associate since the acquisition date. Goodwill relating to the associate is included in the carrying 
amount of the investment and is not tested for impairment separately. 

The statement of profit or loss reflects the Group’s share of the results of operations of the associate. 
Any change in other comprehensive income (“OCI”) of those investees is presented as part of the 
Group’s OCI. In addition, when there has been a change recognised directly in the equity of the 
associate,  the  Group  recognises  its  share  of  any  changes,  when  applicable,  in  the  statement  of 
changes in equity. Unrealised gains and losses resulting from transactions between the Group and 
the associate are eliminated to the extent of the interest in the associate. 

The  aggregate  of  the  Group’s  share  of  profit or  loss  of  an associate  is  shown  on  the  face  of  the 
statement of profit or loss outside operating profit and represents profit or loss after tax and non-
controlling interests in the subsidiaries of the associate. 

(c) 

Revenue recognition 

Revenue is recognised to depict the transfer of services to customers in an amount that reflects the 
consideration to which the Group expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. 
Specifically, the Group uses a 5-step approach to revenue recognition: 

Step 1:    Identify the contract(s) with a customer; 
Step 2:    Identify the performance obligations in the contract; 
Step 3:    Determine the transaction price; 
Step 4:    Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and 
Step 5:    Recognise revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. 

18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

4. 

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED) 

(c) 

Revenue recognition (Continued) 

The Group recognises revenue when (or as) a performance obligation is satisfied, i.e. when “control” 
of the goods or services underlying the particular performance obligation is transferred to customers. 

A  performance  obligation represents  a  good  or  service  (or a  bundle of  goods or  services)  that  is 
distinct or a series of distinct goods or services that are substantially the same.   

Control is transferred over time and revenue is recognised over time by reference to the progress 
towards complete satisfaction of relevant performance obligation if one of the following criteria is 
met: 

- 

- 

- 

the  customer  simultaneously  receives  and  consumes  the  benefits  provided  by  the  entity’s 
performance as the Group performs; 
the Group’s performance creates and enhances an asset that the customer controls as the Group 
performs; or 
the Group’s performance does not create an asset with an alternative use to the Group and the 
Group has an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date.   

Otherwise, revenue is recognised at a point in time when the customer obtains control of the distinct 
good or service. 

A contract asset represents the Group’s right to consideration in exchange for services that the Group 
has transferred to a customer that is not unconditional. It is assessed for impairment in accordance 
with IFRS 9. In contrast, a receivable represents the Group’s unconditional right to consideration, 
i.e. only the passage of time is required before payment of that consideration is due. 

A contract liability represents the Group’s obligation to transfer services to a customer for which the 
Group has received consideration (or an amount of consideration is due) from the customer. 

A contract asset and a contract liability relating to a contract are accounted for and presented on a 
net basis. 

Revenue from marketing services is recognised when the performance obligation is satisfied. 

Interest income from a financial asset is accrued on a time basis using the effective interest method. 

(d)  Government grants 

Government grants are recognised where there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received 
and all attached conditions will be complied with. When the grant relates to an expense item, it is 
recognised as income on a systematic basis over the periods that the related costs, for which it is 
intended to compensate, are expensed. When the grant relates to an asset, it is recognised as income 
in equal amounts over the expected useful life of the related asset. 

When  the  Group  receives  grants  of  non-monetary  assets,  the  asset  and  the  grant  are  recorded  at 
nominal amounts and released to profit or loss over the expected useful life of the asset, based  on 
the pattern of consumption of the benefits of the underlying asset by equal annual instalments. 

19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

4. 

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED) 

(e) 

Foreign currency transactions 

(i) 

Functional and presentational currency 

Items included in the Financial Statements of each of the Group’s entities are measured using 
the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (“functional 
currency”), being British Pound Sterling (“GBP” or “£”), Chinese Yuan (“CNY”) and Hong 
Kong Dollar (“HKD”). The Group Financial Statements are presented in GBP. 

(ii) 

Transactions and balances 

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange 
rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated 
in  foreign  currencies  are  translated  at  the  rates  of  exchange  ruling  at  the  Statement  of 
Financial Position date. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of 
such transactions, and from the translation at year-end exchange rates of monetary assets and 
liabilities  denominated  in  foreign  currencies,  are  recognised  in  the  Statement  of 
Comprehensive Income. 

(iii)  Group companies 

The results and financial position of all the Group entities that have a functional currency 
different  from  the  presentation  currency  are  translated  into  the  presentation  currency  as 
follows: 

-  assets and liabilities for each statement of financial position presented are translated at 

- 

the closing exchange rate at the date of that statement of financial position; 
income  and  expenses  for  each  statement  of  comprehensive  income  are  translated  at 
average exchange rates; and 

-  all resulting exchange differences are recognised in other comprehensive income (loss). 

(f) 

Goodwill and intangible assets 

Goodwill 

Goodwill  arising  on  an  acquisition  of  a  business  is  carried  at  cost  as  established  at  the  date  of 
acquisition of the business less accumulated impairment losses, if any. 

For the purposes of impairment testing, goodwill is allocated to each of the Group’s cash-generating 
units  (or  groups  of  cash-generating  units)  that  is  expected  to  benefit  from  the  synergies  of  the 
combination. 

A cash-generating unit to which goodwill has been allocated is tested for impairment annually, or 
more frequently when there is indication that the unit may be impaired. For the goodwill arising on 
an acquisition in a reporting period, the cash-generating unit to which goodwill has been allocated 
is tested for impairment before the end of that reporting period. If the recoverable amount of the 
cash-generating unit is less than its carrying amount, the impairment loss is allocated first to reduce 
the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the unit and then to the other assets of the unit on 
a pro rata  basis based on the carrying amount of each asset in the unit. Any impairment loss for 
goodwill is recognised directly in profit or loss. An impairment loss recognised for goodwill is not 
reversed in subsequent periods. 

On disposal of the relevant cash-generating unit, the attributable amount of goodwill is included in 
the determination of the amount of profit or loss on disposal. 

20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

4. 

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED) 

(f) 

Goodwill and intangible assets (Continued) 

Intangible assets - Customer contract 

The  acquired  customer  contracts  in  a  business  combination  are  recognised  at  fair  value  at  the 
acquisition date. They have a finite useful life and are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation. 
Amortisation is calculated using the percentage of revenue recognised of the corresponding contract. 

(g) 

Property, plant and equipment 

Property, plant and equipment is measured on the cost basis and therefore stated at historic cost less 
accumulated  depreciation.  Historic  cost  includes  expenditure  that  is  directly  attributable  to  the 
acquisition of the items. 

All repairs and maintenance expenditure is charged to the Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss 
during the financial period in which they are incurred. 

Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method to allocate their cost over their estimated 
useful lives, as follows: 

Owned assets 
Office equipment   
Leasehold improvement 

Right-of-use assets 
Buildings   

  36 - 60 months 
  lower of 36 months and the lease term 

  Over the lease term 

The  assets’  useful  lives  are  reviewed,  and,  if  appropriate,  asset  values  are  written  down  to  their 
estimated recoverable amounts, at each reporting date. Gains and losses on disposals are determined 
by comparing proceeds with the carrying amounts, and are included in profit or loss. 

(h) 

Impairment of non-financial assets 

Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives or those not yet available for use are not 
subject to amortisation and are tested for impairment at least annually, irrespective of whether there 
is any indication that they are impaired. All other assets are tested for impairment whenever there 
are  indications  that  the  asset’s  carrying  amount  may  not  be  recoverable. An  impairment  loss  is 
recognised as an expense immediately for the amount by which the asset’s carrying amount exceeds 
its recoverable amount. Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value, reflecting market conditions 
less costs of disposal, and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are 
discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessment 
of time value of money and the risk specific to the asset. For the purposes of assessing impairment, 
where an asset does not generate cash inflows largely independent from those from other assets, the 
recoverable  amount  is  determined  for  the  smallest  group  of  assets  that  generate  cash  inflows 
independently  (i.e.  a  cash-generating  unit). As  a  result,  some  assets  are  tested  individually  for 
impairment and some are tested at cash-generating unit level. Goodwill in particular is allocated to 
those  cash-generating  units  that  are  expected  to  benefit  from  synergies  of  the  related  business 
combination and represent the lowest level within the Group at which the goodwill is monitored for 
internal management purpose and not be larger than an operating segment. 

21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

4. 

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED) 

(h) 

Impairment of non-financial assets (Continued) 

Impairment losses recognised for cash-generating units, to which goodwill has been allocated, are 
credited initially to the carrying amount of goodwill. Any remaining impairment loss is charged pro-
rata to the other assets in the cash generating unit, except that the carrying value of an asset will not 
be reduced below its individual fair value less cost of disposal, or value in use, if determinable. An 
impairment loss on goodwill is not reversed in subsequent periods. In respect of other assets, an 
impairment loss is reversed if there has been a favourable change in the estimates used to determine 
the  asset’s  recoverable  amount  and  only  to  the  extent  that  the  asset’s  carrying  amount  does  not 
exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, 
if no impairment loss had been recognised. Impairment losses recognised in an interim period in 
respect of goodwill are not reversed in a subsequent period. This is the case even if no loss, or a 
smaller loss, would have been recognised had the impairment been assessed only at the end of the 
financial year to which the interim period relates. 

(i) 

Financial instruments 

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised in the statements of financial position when 
a group entity becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. Financial assets and 
financial liabilities within the scope of IFRS 9 are initially measured at fair value and transaction 
costs  that  are  directly  attributable  to  the  acquisition  or  issue  of  financial  assets  and  financial 
liabilities are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, 
as appropriate, on initial recognition. 

The  Group’s  financial  assets,  including  deposits,  receivables,  contract  assets  and  cash  and  cash 
equivalents, are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less 
identified impairment charges (see Note 4(j)) as the assets are held within a business model whose 
objective is to hold assets in order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual terms of the 
financial assets give rise on specific dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and 
interest on the principal amount outstanding. 

Financial liabilities include lease liabilities, trade payables, amount due to a director, other payables 
and accruals. All financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective 
interest method. 

(j) 

Impairment of financial assets   

The Group recognises loss allowances for expected credit loss on the financial instruments that are 
not measured at fair value through surplus or deficit. The Group considers the probability of default 
upon initial recognition of financial assets and assesses whether there has been a significant increase 
in credit risk on an ongoing basis. 

The Group considers the credit risk on a financial instrument is low if the financial instrument has a 
low risk of default, the debtor has a strong capacity to meet its contractual cash flow obligations in 
the near term and adverse changes in economic and business conditions in the longer term may, but 
will not necessarily, reduce the ability of the debtor to fulfill its contractual cash flow obligations.   

The  carrying  amount  of  the  receivables  is  reduced  through  the  use of  the  receivable  impairment 
charges account. Changes in the carrying amount of the receivable impairment charges account are 
recognised  in  surplus  or  deficit.  The  receivable  is  written  off  against  the  receivable  impairment 
charges account when the Group has no reasonable expectations of recovering the receivable.   

If, in a subsequent period, the amount of expected credit losses decreases, the reversal would be 
adjusted  to  the  receivable  impairment  charges  account  at  the  reporting  date. The  amount  of  any 
reversal is recognised in surplus or deficit. 

22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

4. 

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED) 

(k)  Derecognition of financial assets and financial liabilities 

Financial  assets  are  derecognised  when  the  contractual  rights  to  receive  the  cash  flows  of  the 
financial  assets  expire;  or  where  the  Group  transfers  the  financial  assets  and  either  (i)  it  has 
transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial assets; or (ii) it has 
neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial 
assets but has not retained control of the financial assets. 

Financial  liabilities  are  derecognised  when  they  are  extinguished,  i.e.  when  the  obligation  is 
discharged, cancelled or expires. 

(l) 

Inventories 

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or  net realisable value, with cost determined using the 
first-in,  first-out  (“FIFO”)  cost  method.  Net  realisable  value  is  the  estimated  selling  price  in  the 
ordinary  course  of  business,  less  estimated  cost  necessary  to  make  the  sale.  Allowances  are 
established to reduce the cost of excess and obsolete or damaged inventories to their estimated net 
realiable value.   

(m)  Trade Receivables 

In determining the recoverability of trade receivables, the Group considers any change in the credit 
quality of the trade receivables from the initial recognition date to the end of each of the reporting 
period.  In  the  opinion  of  the  directors  of  the  Company,  apart  from  those  balances  for  which 
allowances have been provided, other trade receivables at the end of each reporting period are of 
good credit quality which considering the high credibility of these customers, good track record with 
the Group and subsequent settlement,  the management believes that no impairment allowance is 
necessary in respect of unsettled balances. 

The Group applied the simplified approach to provide the expected credit losses (“ECL”) prescribed 
by IFRS 9. The impairment methodology is set out in Note 4 and Note 5(iii) respectively. As part of 
the Group’s credit risk management, the Group assesses the impairment for its customers based on 
different group of customers which share common risk characteristics that are representative of the 
customers’ abilities to pay all amounts due in accordance with the contractual terms.   

(n)  Cash and cash equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents include cash in hand and deposits held at call with banks. 

(o)  Current and deferred income tax 

Income  tax  comprises  current  and  deferred  tax.  Current  income  tax  is  recognised  in  the  Income 
Statement, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised directly in equity. In this case the 
tax is also recognised directly in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively. 

Current income tax is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the 
end of the reporting period in the countries where the Company’s subsidiaries and associates operate 
and generate taxable income. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with 
respect  to  situations  in  which  applicable  tax  regulation  is  subject  to  interpretation.  It  establishes 
provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.   

23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

4. 

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED) 

(o)  Current and deferred income tax (Continued) 

Deferred  income  tax  is  recognised,  using  the  liability  method,  on  temporary  differences  arising 
between  the  tax  bases  of  assets  and  liabilities  and  their  carrying  amounts  in  the  Consolidated 
Financial  Statements.  However,  the  deferred  tax  is  not  accounted  for  if  it  arises  from  initial 
recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction other than a business combination that, at the time 
of  the  transaction,  affects  either  accounting  nor  taxable  profit  or  loss.  Deferred  income  tax  is 
determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted, or substantially enacted, by the end of 
the reporting period and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is utilised, 
or the deferred income tax liability is settled. 

Deferred income tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that future taxable 
profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilised. 

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset 
current  tax  assets  against  current  tax  liabilities,  and  when  the  deferred  income  tax  assets  and 
liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the taxable entity or 
different taxable entities where there is an intention to settle the balances on a net basis. 

(p) 

Leases 

Lessee 

All leases with a term of more than 12 months are recognised (i.e. an asset representing the right to 
use of the underlying asset and a liability representing the obligation to make lease payments), unless 
the  underlying  asset  is  of  low  value.  Both  the  asset  and  the  liability  are  initially  measured  on  a 
present value basis. Right-of-use assets are recognised under fixed assets and are measured at cost 
less any accumulated depreciation and impairment losses and adjusted for any remeasurement of the 
lease liabilities. Right-of-use assets are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the 
useful life of the assets and the lease term. Lease liabilities are initially measured at the present value 
of unpaid lease payments and subsequently adjusted by the effect of the interest on and the settlement 
of the lease liabilities, and the re-measurement arising from any reassessment of the lease liabilities 
or lease modifications.   

Lessor 

Leases where substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of assets remain with the Group 
are classified as operating leases. Assets leased under operating leases are included in fixed assets 
and rentals receivable are credited to surplus or deficit on the straight-line basis over the lease term. 

(q)  Going Concern 

The director’s cash-flow projections for the forthcoming 12 months conclude there will be the need 
for additional cash resources to fully implement the business plans. The directors are in discussions 
with a number of individuals that may lead to further equity and/or loans being raised. There is no 
certainty that any such funds will be forthcoming or the price and other terms being acceptable. 

(r) 

Employee benefits 

Salaries, wages, paid annual leave, bonuses and non-monetary benefits are accrued in the Year in 
which the associated services are rendered by the employees of the Group. 

(s) 

Share capital 

Ordinary shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of new 
shares or options are shown in equity as a deduction, net of tax, from the proceeds. 

24 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

4. 

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED) 

(t) 

Share-based payments 

Equity-settled share-based payment transactions in exchange for services of goods are measured at 
the fair value of the goods or services received, except where that fair value cannot be estimated 
reliably,  in  which  case  they  are  measured  at  the  fair  value  of  the  equity  instruments  granted, 
measured at the date the entity obtains the goods or the counterparty renders the service. The fair 
value  excludes  the  effect  of  non-market-based  vesting  conditions.  Details  regarding  the 
determination of the fair value of equity-settled share-based transactions are set out in Note 25. 

The fair value determined at the grant date of the equity-settled share-based payments is expensed 
on  a  straight-line  basis  over  the  vesting  period,  based  on  the  Group’s  estimate  of  the  number of 
equity instruments that will eventually vest. At each reporting date, the Group revises its estimate of 
the  number  of  equity  instruments  expected  to  vest  as  a  result  of  the  effect  of  non-market-based 
vesting conditions. The impact of the revision of the original estimates, if any, is recognised in profit 
or  loss  such  that  the  cumulative  expense  reflects  the  revised  estimate,  with  a  corresponding 
adjustment to reserves. 

5. 

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT 

The Board’s overall risk management strategy seeks to assist the Group in meeting its financial targets, 
while minimising potential adverse effects on financial performance. Its functions include the review of 
future cash flow requirements. 

The Group’s activities expose it to a variety of financial risks as below. 

(i) 

Interest rate risk 

The  Group  has  floating rate  financial  assets  in  the form  of  deposit  accounts  with  major banking 
institutions  of  £5,497. Apart  from  the  abovementioned  amount,  no  other  financial  instrument  is 
subjected to interest rate risk. If the interest rate increases or decreases for 100 basis points, the effect 
in profit and loss will increase or decrease for £55. 

(ii) 

Foreign exchange risk 

Foreign currency risk is the risk to earnings or capital arising from movements in foreign exchange 
rates. The Group’s foreign currency risk primarily arises from currency exposures originating from 
its foreign exchange dealings and other investment activities. 

The Group monitors the relative foreign exchange positions of its assets and liabilities to minimise 
foreign currency risk. The foreign currency risk is managed and monitored on an ongoing basis by 
senior management of the Group.   

The following table demonstrates the sensitivity at the end of the reporting period to a reasonably 
possible change in CNY with all other variables held constant, of the Group’s profit/(loss) before 
tax (due to changes in the fair value of monetary assets and liabilities). 

CNY strength/weakened against GBP for 1 per cent 

Increase/(decrease)   
in profit before tax 

2021 
£ 
718/(718) 

2020 
£ 
305/(305) 

25 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

5. 

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (CONTINUED) 

(iii)  Credit risk 

Credit risk is the risk that one party to a financial instrument will cause a financial loss for the other 
party  by  failing  to discharge an  obligation. The  carrying  amount of  financial  assets  and  contract 
assets recognised on the consolidated statement of  financial position, which is net of impairment 
losses, represents the Group’s exposure to credit risk without taking into account the value of any 
collateral  held  or  other  credit  enhancements.  The  Group’s  maximum  exposure  to  credit  risk  is 
summarised in Note 27.   

Most of the Group’s cash in banks have been deposited with reputable and creditworthy banks in 
Hong Kong. Management considers there is minimal credit risk associated with those balances. 

(iv)  Liquidity risk 

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group will encounter difficulty in meeting obligations associated 
with financial liabilities. The responsibility for liquidity risk management rests with the Board of 
Directors. 

As at the reporting date, the Group was in a net current liabilities positions. The Group is currently 
obtaining cash advances from one of a director to meet its temporary operating needs. Further, the 
Board of Directors is sourcing alternatives for the Group’s future capital needs include the issue of 
equity instruments and external borrowing. These alternatives are evaluated to determine the optimal 
mix of capital resources for our capital needs. 

(v)  Market risk 

Market risk is the risk that changes in market prices, such as interest rates and foreign exchange 
rates,  will  affect  the  Group’s  income  or  the  value  of  its  holdings  of  financial  instruments.  The 
objective  of  market  risk  management  is  to  manage  and  control  market  risk  exposures  within 
acceptable parameters, while optimising the return. The Group does not hedge these risk exposures 
due to the lack of any market to purchase financial instruments. 

(vi)  Capital risk management 

The Company manages its capital to ensure that the Company will be able to continue as a going 
concern while maximising the return to shareholder through the optimisation of the debt and equity 
balances. 

The  capital  structure  of  the  Company  consists  of  debt,  which  includes  equity  attributable  to  the 
owners of the Company, comprising share capital, share premium and accumulated losses. 

The  directors  of  the  Company  review  the  capital  structure  regularly. As  part  of  this  review,  the 
directors of the Company consider the cost of capital and the associated risks, and take appropriate 
actions to adjust the Company’s capital structure. The overall strategy of the Company remained 
unchanged. 

26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

6. 

CRITICAL  ACCOUNTING  JUDGEMENTS  AND  KEY  UNCERTAINTIES  OF  ESTIMATION 
UNCERTAINTY 

The preparation of the Group’s financial statements requires management to make judgements, estimates 
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and their 
accompanying disclosures and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Uncertainty about these assumptions 
and estimates could result in outcomes that could require a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of 
the assets or liabilities affected in the future. 

The  estimates  and  underlying  assumption  are  reviewed  on  an  ongoing  basis.  Revisions  to  accounting 
estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period, 
or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods. 

Key source of estimation uncertainty 

Valuation of identifiable assets and liabilities acquired through business combinations 

The Group applies the acquisition method to account for business combinations, which requires the Group 
to recognise assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their fair values on the date of acquisition. Significant 
judgement  is  used  to  estimate  the  fair  values  of  the  assets  and  liabilities  acquired,  including  estimating 
future cash flows from the acquired business, determining appropriate discount rates and other assumptions. 
The acquisitions of entities are accounted for as business combination and details of the fair value of the 
assets acquired and liabilities recognised at the date of acquisitions are set out in Note 24. 

Share-based payments 

Estimating fair value for share-based payment transactions requires determination of the most appropriate 
valuation  model,  which  depends  on  the  terms  and  conditions  of  the  grant.  This  estimate  also  requires   
determination of the most appropriate inputs to the valuation model including the expected life of the share   
option  or  appreciation  right,  volatility  and  dividend  yield  and  making  assumptions  about  them.  The 
assumptions and models used for estimating fair value for share-based payment transactions are disclosed 
in Note 25. 

Trade receivables and contract assets 

The Group’s customer base consists of a wide range of clients and the trade receivables and contract assets 
are categorised by common risk characteristics that are representative of the customers’ abilities to pay all 
amounts  due  in  accordance  with  the  contractual  terms.  The  Group  applies  a  simplified  approach  in 
calculating ECL for trade receivables and contract assets and recognises a loss allowance based on lifetime 
ECL at each reporting date and has established a provision matrix that is based on its historical credit loss 
experience, adjusted for forward-looking factors specific to the debtors and the economic environment. The 
expected loss rate used in the provision matrix is calculated for each category based on actual credit loss 
experience over the prior years and adjusted for current and forward-looking factors to reflect differences 
between economic conditions during the period over which the historical data has been collected, current 
conditions  and  the  Group’s  estimate  on  future  economic  conditions  over  the  expected  lives  of  the 
receivables. There was no change in the estimation techniques or significant assumptions made during the 
Year. 

At 31 December 2021, a provision for impairment loss on trade receivables and contract assets of £91,757 
(2020:  Nil)  was  recognised  according  to  the  management  expected  loss  rate  on  the  ageing  group. The 
Group’s trade receivables which are past due but which the Group has not impaired as there have not been 
any significant changes in credit quality of customers and the management believes that the amounts are 
fully recoverable. Receivables that were neither past due nor impaired at 31 December 2021 relate to a wide 
range of customers for whom there was no history of default. 

The Group does not hold any collateral over trade receivables and contract assets at  31 December 2021 
(2020: Nil). 

27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

7. 

SEGMENT INFORMATION 

The  Chief  Operating  Decision  Maker  (“CODM”)  has  been  identified  as  the  executive  directors  of  the 
Company who reviews the Group’s internal reporting in order to assess performance and allocate resources. 
The CODM has determined the operating segments based on these reports. 

For management purposes, the Group is organised into business units based on their products and services, 
and has reportable operating segments as follows: 

(a) 

(b) 

(c) 

The  digital  marketing  and  payment  segment  includes  services  on  enlisting  merchants  to  mobile 
payment gateways and providing digital advertising services; and 

The software development and support segment includes sales and distribution of mobile game and 
all other I.T. related development and support services operated under Rightyoo. 

The e-commerce segment includes sales of goods through internet and provision for consultancy 
services related to e-commerce.   

Digital 
marketing 
and 
payment 
£ 

Software 
development 
and support 
£ 

e-Commerce 
£ 

Unallocated   
£ 

Total 
£ 

Year ended 31 December 2021 
Revenue 

148,530 

- 

29,137 

- 

177,667 

Segment loss 

Depreciation 

Amortisation 

(162,520) 

24,641 

  (174,093) 

(721,741) 

(1,033,713) 

- 

  - 

- 

- 

- 

137 

- 

12,876 

31,204 

31,341 

- 

- 

- 

91,757 

Provision for impairment loss on 
trade and other receivables 

78,881 

Assets 

Liabilities 

30,402 

200 

99,161 

57,551 

187,314 

258,425 

43,484 

96,713 

812,857 

1,211,479 

Year ended 31 December 2020 
Revenue 

641,511 

6,590 

44,309 

- 

692,410 

Segment (loss)/Profit 

(76,777) 

(3,230) 

8,545 

(453,488) 

(525,156) 

Depreciation 

Amortisation 

Assets 

Liabilities 

1,134 

35,280 

- 

- 

- 

- 

31,204 

31,341 

- 

35,280 

113,920 

7,373 

3,829 

87,934 

213,056 

234,306 

75,185 

7,013 

889,247 

1,205,751 

28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

7. 

SEGMENT INFORMATION (CONTINUED) 

Geographical information: 

Revenue by Geography 
Macau 
Hong Kong 
Mainland China 

Information about major customers 

2021 
£ 
148,192 
21,103 
8,372 
177,667 

2020 
£ 
628,681 
56,986 
6,743 
692,410 

For the year ended 31 December 2021, one external customer contributed more than 10% to the Group 
revenue, amounting to £144,839 (approximately 82% to the Group revenue). 

For the year ended 31 December 2020, one external customer contributed more than 10% to the Group 
revenue, amounting to £395,404 (approximately 57% to the Group revenue).   

8.    REVENUE AND OTHER INCOME 

REVENUE 
Advertising services 
Software development and support 
Commission income 
eCommerce sales 
Others 

OTHER INCOME 
Bank interest income 
Gain on concessionary rental (Note 20) 
Gain on early termination of a lease (Note 20) 
Gain on reversal of overprovision of expenses 
Government subsidy 
Others 

9.   

LOSS BEFORE TAX 

Loss before tax has been arrived at after charging: 

Depreciation – Owned assets 
Depreciation – Right of use assets 
Exchange (gain)/loss, net 
Amortisation of intangible assets 
Provision for impairment losses on trade and contract assets 
Staff cost (including Director Remuneration) 
Share-based payment expense 
Audit fees 
- 
-  underprovision for prior years 

for the year 

29 

2021 
£ 

2020 
£ 

148,530 
- 
1,670 
27,467 
- 

177,667 

9 
- 
- 
6,660 
65,995 
15,434 

88,098 

639,294 
6,590 
46,372 
- 
154 

692,410 

19 
2,995 
898 
- 
24,494 
19,960 

48,366 

2021 
£ 

2020 
£ 

2,772 
28,568 
(22,907) 
- 
91,757 
352,036 
384,917 

19,411 
1,276 

4,148 
53,287 
46,098 
35,280 
- 
358,184 
27,746 

44,873 
300 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

10. 

EMPLOYEES   

The average number of employees during the Year was made up as follows: 

Directors   

Staff 

Staff costs, including directors’ costs comprise: 
Wages, salaries and other staff costs 
Share-based remuneration 

Key Management Remuneration 

2021 

2020 

3 

10 

3 

11 

2021 
£ 

2020 
£ 

352,036 
357,417 

709,453 

358,184 
- 

358,184 

The  directors’  emoluments  in  respect  of  qualifying  services,  which  all  related  to  short-term  employee 
benefits, were as follows: 

Chung Lam Nelson Law 

Salaries and fees – paid in cash 
Share-based payment 
Geoffrey John Griggs 

Salaries and fees – paid in cash 
Share-based payment 

2021 
£ 

2020 
£ 

180,000 
119,139 

18,000 
119,139 

436,278 

180,000 
- 

18,000 
- 

198,000 

No pension contributions were made on behalf of the directors of the Company.   

Share options to the value of £238,278 (2020: Nil) were granted to directors during the year. 

Mr. Mark Barney Battles resigned as director of the Company on 31 March 2021. 

30 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

11.   

INCOME TAX 

No provision for profits tax has been made in these consolidated financial statements as the Group did not 
have any assessable profits. The profits tax rate for Hong Kong is currently at 8.25% (2020: 8.25%) of the 
first HK$2,000,000 and 16.5% (2020:16.5%) of the remaining estimated assessable profits for the Year. 

A reconciliation of income tax expense applicable to the loss before taxation at the statutory tax rate of 
Hong Kong to the income tax expense at the effective tax rate of the Group is as follows: 

Loss before tax 

Tax at the statutory tax rate of 16.5% 
Effect of different tax rates in other jurisdictions 
Income not subject to tax 
Expenses not deductible for tax 
Tax losses not recognised for the year 
Others 

2021 
£ 

2020 
£ 

(1,033,713) 

(524,973) 

(182,715) 
836 
(4,129) 
130,090 
55,918 
- 

- 

(86,621) 
(2,023) 
(409) 
66,352 
24,111 
(1,227) 

183 

Potential  deferred  tax  assets  arising  from  operating  loss  carryforward  totalling  approximately  £924,000 
(2020: £569,955) have not been recognised due to uncertainty as to when taxable profits will be generated. 

12.    BASIC AND DILUTED LOSS PER SHARE 

Basic loss per share is calculated by dividing the loss attributable to the Company’s owners of £962,473 
(2020: £515,328) by the weighted average number of 595,695,385 ordinary shares (2020: 509,831,346) in 
issue during 2021. 

The following potential ordinary shares are anti-diluted and therefore excluded from the weighted average 
number of ordinary shares for the purpose of diluted loss per share. 

Effect of potential ordinary shares 
Employee share options (Note 25(a)) 

2021 
£ 

2020 
£ 

105,122,539 

- 

Diluted loss per share was the same as basic loss per share as no potential dilutive ordinary shares were 
outstanding for both the years ended 31 December 2021 and 2020.   

31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

13.    PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 

Office 
equipment 
£ 

Leasehold 
improvement 
£ 

Right of use 
Assets 
£ 

Total 
£ 

At 1 January 2021 
Depreciation for the year 
Exchange differences 

At 31 December 2021 

At 1 January 2020 
Additions 
Depreciation for the year 
Elimination on early termination 
Exchange differences 

At 31 December 2020 

489 
(489) 
- 

- 

3,410 
- 
(2,931) 
- 
10 

489 

3,461 
(2,283) 
(19) 

1,159 

- 
4,615 
(1,217) 
- 
63 

3,461 

43,300 
(28,568) 
(241) 

14,491 

105,200 
60,899 
(53,287) 
(69,780) 
268 

43,300 

47,250 
(31,340) 
(260) 

15,650 

108,610 
65,514 
(57,435) 
(69,780) 
341 

47,250 

14.   

INVESTMENT IN AN ASSOCIATE 

During the year, the Company had acquired an additional interest in Hyrax Holdings Limited (“Hyrax”) 
from 40% to 100% (Note 23). Upon completion of the acquisition, Hyrax has ceased to be an associate of 
the Group and has become a subsidiary of the Group.   

Hyrax  is  a  private  company  incorporated  in  Hong  Kong  in  2020,  and  mainly  engaged  in  e-Commerce. 
Before  Hyrax  became  a  wholly-owned  subsidiary  of  the  Group,  the  Group  accounted  for  its  interest  in 
Hyrax using the equity method in the financial statements. The Group’s share of Hyrax’s profits and other 
comprehensive loss of £290 (2020: £2,482) and £27 (2020: £129), respectively.   

The following table illustrates the summarised financial information of the Group’s investment in Hyrax. 

Current assets 
Current liabilities 

Equity 

Group’s carrying amount of the investment (40% thereon) 

15. 

INVENTORIES 

Finished goods 

2020 
£ 

54,696 
(48,804) 

5,892 

2,357 

2021 
£ 

81,823 

2020 
£ 

- 

32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

16.    TRADE RECEIVABLES, PREPAYMENT AND OTHER RECEIVABLES 

(a) 

Trade receivables 

Trade receivables – billed 
Trade receivables – unbilled 
Less: Provision for impairment loss 

2021 
£ 

28,186 
54,827 
(67,890) 

15,123 

2020 
£ 

9,880 
67,858 
- 

77,738 

During the year, the Group has recognised a provision for impairment loss on trade receivables of 
£66,918 (2020: Nil). The Group normally grants credit periods of up to 90 days to its customers as 
approved by the management on a case by case basis. 

The ageing analysis of trade receivables - billed (net of loss allowance) based on invoice date at the 
end of the reporting period is as follows: 

Within 30 days 
31 to 60 days 
61 to 90 days 
91 to 180 days 

2021 
£ 

2020 
£ 

4,010 
3,651 
1,822 
5,640 

15,123 

2,536 
1,230 
1,230 
4,884 

9,880 

At the reporting period end, all the trade receivables - billed are past due but not impaired at the 
reporting  date.  The  directors  of  the  Company  considered  that  the  ECL  for  trade  receivables  is 
insignificant as at 31 December 2021 (2020: same) since the ageing of all the trade receivables is 
within 180 days. 

(b)    Prepayments and other receivables 

Prepayments 
Other receivables 

17.  CONTRACT ASSETS/LIABILITIES 

Contracts in progress 
Opening balance 
Contract costs incurred plus recognised profit less 

recognised losses to date 

Progress billings received and receivables 
Impairment loss 
Exchange realignment 

33 

2021 
£ 
51,577 
14,943 

66,520 

2020 
£ 
28,315 
16,295 

44,610 

2021 
£ 

21,417 
  157,660 

(157,660) 
(24,839) 
3,422 

- 

2020 
£ 

3,982 
290,712 

(267,802) 
- 
(5,475) 

21,417 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

17.  CONTRACT ASSETS/LIABILITIES (CONTINUED) 

Analysed for the reporting purpose 
Contract assets 
Contract liabilities 

2021 
£ 

2020 
£ 

- 
- 

- 

25,099 
(3,682) 

21,417 

There was no retention held by customers on service contracts at 31 December 2021 and 2020. 

All the contract assets and liabilities are expected to be received or settled within 12 months. 

The movement of contract assets and contract liabilities with customers are as follows: 

(a) 

Contract assets 

At 1 January 
Receipt in advance 
Recognition of revenue 
Impairment loss 
Exchange realignment 

At 31 December   

  (b)  Contract Liabilities 

At 1 January 
Receipt in advance 
Recognition of revenue 
Exchange realignment 

At 31 December   

2021 
£ 

25,099 
- 
- 
(24,839) 
(260) 

- 

2020 
£ 

5,891 
261,565 
(236,727) 
- 
(5,630) 

25,099 

2021 
£ 

3,682 
157,660 
(157,660) 
3,682 

2020 
£ 

1,909 
31,075 
(29,147) 
(155) 

- 

3,682 

The Group expects the transaction  price allocated to the unsatisfied performance obligations will be 
recognised as revenue within one year. 

18. 

TRADE PAYABLES 

The following is an ageing analysis of trade payables presented based on the invoice date at the end of each 
reporting period: 

  Within 30 days 
  31 to 60 days 
  61 to 90 days 
  91 to 180 days 
  181 to 365 days 
  More than 365 days 

34 

2021 
£ 

2020 
£ 

36,110 
- 
- 
- 
2,213 
79,530 

117,853 

73,726 
- 
- 
- 
- 
1,476 

75,202 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

19.  AMOUNTS DUE TO A DIRECTOR 

The amounts were unsecured, interest-free and had no fixed terms of repayment. 

20.    LEASE LIABILITIES 

The total minimum lease liabilities under finance leases and their present values at the reporting date are as 
follows:   

Current portion: 
Gross finance lease liabilities   
Finance expense not recognised 

Non-current portion: 
Gross finance lease liabilities 
Finance expense not recognised 

The net finance lease liabilities are analysed as follows: 
-  Not later than 1 year   
-  Later than 1 year but not more than 5 years 

Net finance lease liabilities 

2021 
£ 

2020 
£ 

14,823 
(73) 

14,750 

- 
- 

- 

29,528 
(663) 

28,865 

14,764 
(73) 

14,691 

14,750 

43,556 

2021 
£ 

2020 
£ 

14,750 
- 

14,750 

28,865 
14,691 

43,556 

The interest on lease liabilities for the year ended 31 December 2021 was £656 (2020: £1,644). The Group 
does  not  recognise  right-of-use  assets  and  lease  liabilities  for  short-term  leases  and  leases  where  the 
underlying asset is of low value. The expenses for these leases for the year ended 31 December 2021 were 
£6,940 (2020: £3,715).   

During  2020,  the  Group  had  non-cash  additions  to  right-of-assets  (see  Note  13)  and  lease  liabilities  of 
₤60,899 and early terminated a lease of an office used by a subsidiary. As a result, the related right-of-use 
asset  of  ₤69,780  (see  Note  13)  and  a  lease  liability  of  ₤70,678  was  eliminated,  and  a  gain  on  early 
termination of ₤898 has been charged to profit or loss.   

35 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

21.    SHARE CAPITAL 

2021 

2020 

Number of 
shares 
£ 

£ 

Number of 
shares 
£ 

Ordinary shares issued and 

fully paid 
At 1 January 
Issue of shares 

509,830,346 
85,864,039 

50,983 
8,586 

504,050,000 
5,780,346 

At 31 December 

595,694,385 

59,569 

509,830,346 

£ 

50,405 
578 

50,983 

On 30 March 2021, Mr Nelson Law, the Company’s Chairman and Chief Financial Officer, subscribed for 
6,206,896 new ordinary shares of the Company of 1.45 pence each for a cash consideration of ₤90,000 in 
aggregate.     

On 26 July 2021, the Company entered into an advisory and consultancy agreement with an independent 
third party and settled the service fee of £22,500 by issuing 1,800,000 ordinary of 1.25 pence each.       

On 19 October 2021, the Company issued 77,142,857 new ordinary shares of 0.7 pence each to Mr. Nelson 
Law, the Company’s Chairman and Chief Financial Officer, for the conversion of the loan owned to him 
of ₤540,000. 

On 19 October 2021, the Company entered into a service agreement with an entity related to Mr. Geoffrey 
John Griggs, a director of the Company, and settled the service fee by issuing 714,286 ordinary shares of 
0.7 pence each.       

In  2020,  the  issued  share  capital  was  increased  by  ₤578  by  the  issue  of  5,780,346  Ordinary  Shares  on 
exercise of warrants. 

22.  CAPITAL AND RESERVES 

The nature and purpose of equity and reserves are as follows: 

Share capital comprises the nominal value of the ordinary issued share capital of the Company. 

Share Premium represents consideration less nominal value of issued shares and costs directly attributable 
to the issue of new shares. 

23.  CHANGE IN OWNERSHIP INTERESTS OF A SUBSIDIARY IN 2020 

In 2020, the Group transferred the entire interest in ePurse (HK) Limited (“ePurse”), a subsidiary of the 
Company, from a wholly-owned subsidiary to a 75%-owned subsidiary, namely Tengwuyang Holdings Ltd 
(“TWY”). Subsequent to the transfer, ePurse entered into a capital contribution agreement with a third party 
investor to issue 7,250 ordinary shares to the investor for cash. Upon the completion of the transfer and the 
share issue, the Group’s equity interest (through TWY) in ePurse had been diluted from 100% to 58%, 
while the Group’s effective ownership interest in ePurse was diluted from 75% to 43.5%. ePurse remained 
as  an  indirect  subsidiary  of  the  Company  as  the  majority  of  voting  rights  in  ePurse  was  held  by  the 
Company’s subsidiary, TWY.   

As such, the Group accounted for the above deemed disposal of partial interest in a subsidiary as equity 
transactions with non-controlling interests. The difference between the consideration and the related share 
of the carrying amount of the net assets of ePurse, being ₤242,388, was charged to equity directly. 

36 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

24. 

BUSINESS COMBINATION 

During the year, the Company have acquired additional interest in Hyrax from 40% to 100%. Hyrax had 
no material impact on the Group’s consolidated financial statements of comprehensive income, both from 
the date of the acquisition as well as assuming its acquisition had been effected as at 1 January 2021. 

The  fair  value  of  the  identifiable  assets  acquired  and  liabilities  recognised  at  the  date  of  acquisition  as 
follows: 

Trade and other receivables 
Due from immediate holding company   
Cash and bank balance 
Trade and other payables 

Total identifiable net assets at fair value 
Amount previously accounted for as an associate 
Gain on bargain purchase 

Net assets acquired 
Payment of nominal cash consideration   

Total purchase consideration 
Assumption of receivable from immediate holding company 
Cash and bank balance acquired 

Net cash flow on acquisition of a subsidiary 

£ 

13,298 
257 
43,428 
(50,433) 

6,550 
(2,620) 
(3,930) 

- 
- 

- 
257 
43,428 

43,685 

The fair value of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities recognised at the date of acquisition in this 
annual report was assessed by the management with their reasonable estimation. The Group did not engage 
any  professional  party  to  perform  a  detailed  purchase  price  allocation  exercise  due  to  the  size  of  the 
acquisition and the consideration of cost-saving. 

25. 

SHARE-BASED PAYMENTS 

(a) 

Share Options 

During the year, the Group has implemented a stock option plan (the “Plan”) for the employees and 
directors, which awards options over the ordinary share of the Company. The Board of Directors 
(the  “Board”)  approves  all  grants  and  the  terms  of  all  grants.  Options  awarded  under  the  Plan 
generally vest on issue and exercisable over a period from one year after the grant date to four years 
after the grant date.   

The fair value of each option granted is estimated on grant date using the Black-Scholes option-
pricing model by applying the following assumptions: 

Share price 
Risk-free interest rate 
Expected life of warrant (years) 
Expected annualised volatility   
Expected dividend yield   

₤0.0007 
0.0022% 
4 
0.66 
Nil 

For the year ended 31 December 2021, the Company recorded share-based compensation expenses 
in the amount of ₤357,417.   

37 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

25. 

SHARE-BASED PAYMENTS (CONTINUED) 

(a) 

Share Options (Continued) 

For the year ended 31 December 2021, the Company recorded share-based compensation expenses 
in the amount of ₤357,417.   

At 31 December 2021, the Group had 105,122,539 share options outstanding as follows. 

Date of 
Grant 

Exercise    Expiry 
start date    date   

Exercise    Number   
granted   
price 

Exercisable at 
31 December 2021 

19/10/2021  19/10/2021  18/10/2025 

0.7p 

Nil 

105,122,539 

(b)    Shares issued for services 

On  26  July  2021,  the  Company  entered  into  an  advisory  and  consultancy  agreement  with  an 
independent third party and settled the service fee of £22,500 by issuing 1,800,000 ordinary of 1.25 
pence each.       

On 19 October 2021, the Company entered into a service agreement with an entity related to Mr. 
Geoffrey John Griggs, a director of the Company, and settled the service fee by issuing 714,286 
ordinary of 0.7 pence each.       

(c)    Brokers’ warrants 

The  Company  issued  5,780,346  warrants  to  the  Brokers  (“Brokers’  Warrants”)  with  an  exercise 
price of £0.004325 per warrant in connection with the broker services agreement entered into by the 
Company  during  2019.  These  warrants  would  expire  36  months  from  the  date  of  issue.  Upon 
exercise of the Brokers’ Warrants, the Company would issue one ordinary share for each warrant.   

The Company valued the warrants using the Black-Scholes option pricing model to establish the fair 
value of the Brokers’ Warrants granted by applying the following assumptions: 

Share price 
Risk-free interest rate 
Expected life of warrant (years) 
Expected annualised volatility   
Expected dividend yield   

₤0.0045 
1.6611% 
3 
1.60 
Nil 

Volatility was estimated with reference to the historical volatility of the Company. The expected life 
in years represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. The risk-
free  rate  was  based  on  the  zero-coupon  UK  treasury  bonds  with  a  remaining  term  equal  to  the 
expected life of the warrants. 

During  2020,  all  Brokers’  Warrants  were  exercised  for  proceeds  of  ₤25,000  and  exchanged  for 
5,780,346 Ordinary Shares of the Company. There were no Brokers’ Warrants outstanding at 31 
December 2020 and 2021. 

38 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

26.  RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS 

(a)  Details of the compensation of key management personnel was disclosed in Note 10 to the financial 

statements. 

(b)  Apart from the balances with related parties at the end of the reporting period disclosed elsewhere in 
the financial statements, the Company had not entered into any significant related party transactions for 
the Year. 

27. 

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS BY CATEGORY 

The totals for each category of financial instruments is as follows: 

Financial assets 
Financial assets at amortised cost 

Contract assets 
Trade receivables 
Other receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents   

Financial liabilities 
Liabilities at amortised cost 

Trade Payables 
Other payables and accrued expense 
Amounts due to directors 
Lease liabilities 

2021 
£ 

2020 
£ 

- 
15,123 
  14,943 
8,198 

  38,264 

117,853 
429,255 
  649,621 
14,750 

25,099 
77,738 
16,295 
16,002 

135,134 

75,202 
698,277 
385,034 
43,556 

1,211,479 

1,202,069 

Prepayments are excluded from the summary above. 

28.  CHANGES IN LIABILITIES ARISING FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES 

At 1 January 
Forgiveness of lease payments 
Early termination of a lease 
New lease 
Financing cash flows 
Exchange adjustment 

At 31 December 

29.  CAPITAL COMMITMENTS 

Lease liabilities 

2021 
£ 

2020 
£ 

43,556 
- 
- 
- 
(28,566) 
(240) 

14,750 

117,612 
(2,995) 
(70,678) 
60,899 
(61,848) 
566 

43,556 

There were no capital commitments as at the year ended 31 December 2021 (2020: Nil). 

30. 

EVENTS AFTER THE REPORTING PERIOD 

On 16 March 2022, the Company entered into a sale and purchase agreement with an independent third 
party for  the disposal  of  our  entire  55%  stake  in  Rightyoo  for  nil  consideration.  Rightyoo  recorded  net 
liabilities of approximately £43,000 at 31 December 2021.         

On 30 March 2022, the Company has issued 4,909,091 new  ordinary  shares of the Company  in lieu of 
professional service provided. 

39