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Sealand Capital Galaxy

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FY2023 Annual Report · Sealand Capital Galaxy
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SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 

CONTENTS 

Corporate Information 

Chairman’s Statement 

Directors’ Report 

Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities 

Independent Auditor’s Report 

Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss 

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income 

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position 

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity 

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows 

PAGES 

1 

2 

3 – 7 

8 

9 – 12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

18 – 40 

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

CORPORATE INFORMATION 

Board of Directors 

Executive Director:   

Mr Chung Lam Nelson Law 
(Chairman and Chief Financial Officer) 

Non-executive Director: 

Mr Geoffrey John Griggs 

Company Secretary 

Registered Office 

Independent Auditor 

Collas Crill Corporate Services Limited 
Willow House, PO Box 709,   
Cricket Square, Grand Cayman, 
KY1-1107, Cayman Islands 

Willow House, PO Box 709,   
Cricket Square, Grand Cayman, 
KY1-1107, Cayman Islands 

PKF Littlejohn LLP (Statutory Auditor) 
15 Westferry Circus, 
London E14 4HD, 
United Kingdom  

Principal Banker 

China Construction Bank (Asia) Corporation Limited 

Legal advisers for English law 

Legal advisers for Cayman Islands law 

Hill Dickinson LLP 
The Broadgate Tower, 
20 Primrose Street,   
London EC2A 2EW 

Collas Crill & CARD 
Willow House, PO Box 709, 
Cricket Square, Grand Cayman, 
KY1 1107, Cayman Islands 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT 

Dear Shareholders 

I hereby present the annual report of Sealand Capital Galaxy Limited (the “Company” or “Sealand”, together with 
its subsidiaries, the “Group”) for the year ended 31 December 2023 (the “Year”).   

PERFORMANCE FOR THE YEAR 

The Group reported a loss of £427,046 (2022: £179,569) during the Year. The Group encountered an economic 
downturn marked by rising interest rates, resulting in escalated operational expenses for our regular customers and 
become more conservative in placing orders. Moreover, the devaluation of the RMB by 10% had a profound impact 
on Chinese travelers, leading to reduced purchasing power. The Group’s revenue for the Year decreased by 44.52% 
to £125,793 (2022: £226,750). These circumstances posed significant  challenges for the Group, requiring us to 
reevaluate and adapt to the changing economic landscape. Despite these obstacles, the Group remain steadfast in 
overcoming these hurdles and seizing potential avenues for sustainable growth. 

The Group will enhance sales by implementing strategic product combinations that effectively reduce the retail 
price, thereby enticing customers to make additional purchases. Emphasizing larger quantities sold at a lower gross 
profit margin, our primary objective is to maximize revenue generation. 

KEY DEVELOPMENTS FOR THE YEAR 

The Company, through one of its wholly owned subsidiaries, has achieved a significant milestone by successfully 
extending the sole distributorship for the brand HH Simonsen in the Hong Kong area for an additional three years. 
This contract renewal underscores the strong partnership and commitment to representing the brand in this thriving 
market. 

The extension of this distributorship contract comes with a projected moderate growth of 5% in sales each year. 
This  consistent  growth  trajectory  reflects  the  Group’s  dedication  to  maximizing  sales  potential  and  capturing 
market  demand.  With  the  Group’s  deep  understanding  of  the  product's  unique  features  and  our  proven  sales 
expertise, the Group is confident to achieve the ambitious sales targets in the upcoming years. 

This achievement not only solidifies the position as the exclusive distributor but also highlights our unwavering 
commitment to delivering exceptional products to our valued customers. The Group remain focused on enhancing 
customer satisfaction and fostering long-term relationships with the clientele. 

FUTURE PROSPECTS AND OUTLOOK 

Despite the global economy experiencing sluggish growth in the aftermath of the pandemic,  the Group remains 
dedicated  to  enhancing  its  performance.  However,  the  Group  acknowledge  the  challenges  posed  by  ongoing 
political conflicts between nations. Nevertheless, the Group is steadfast in belief that the Group can expand our 
sales  within  our  region,  employing  a  strategic  approach  that  emphasizes  the  expansion of  direct  sales  through 
online shopping platforms. 

In response to the evolving business landscape, the Group is committed to leveraging the power of e-commerce to 
reach a wider customer base. By capitalizing on the convenience and accessibility of online shopping, the Group 
aim to tap into new markets and optimize our sales potential. The Group focus on expanding direct sales channels 
aligns with the goal of fostering meaningful customer relationships and delivering unparalleled value. 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 

We wish to express our appreciation to our shareholders, business partners and suppliers for their continued support 
during what has been a difficult time for all. We would like to thank our dedicated staff for their contributions to 
the success of the Group. 

Chung Lam Nelson Law   
Chairman 
30 April 2024 

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

DIRECTORS’ REPORT 

The directors present their report, together with the audited financial statements of Sealand Capital Galaxy Limited 
and its subsidiaries for the year ended 31 December 2023 (the “Year”). 

The Company 

Sealand Capital Galaxy Limited was incorporated in the Cayman Islands on 22 May 2015 as an exempted company 
with limited liability under the Companies Law. The Company’s registered office is Willow House, PO Box 709, 
Cricket Square, Grand Cayman, KY1-1107, Cayman Islands.   

Principal activities 

The Company’s nature of operations is to act as a Special Purpose Acquisition Company. 

The Group engaged in digital marketing and other IT and e-Commerce related businesses. 

Results and dividends   

The results are set out in the primary statements on pages 13 to 14 of the financial statements. The directors do not 
recommend a payment of dividend for the Year (2022: Nil).   

Business review and management report         

Overview 

During the Year, The Group recorded a consolidated loss of £427,046 (2022: £179,569) as set out on page 13 of 
these financial statements. 

Operations 

The revenue from the e-Commerce business for the Year decreased from £224,562 to £124,492. The decrease is 
mainly due to the rising interest rates and devaluation of RMB, resulting in conservative approach in placing orders 
by customers and decrease in purchasing power of the end-consumers. 

Going concern 

As  at  31  December  2023,  the  Group  has  cash  and  cash  equivalent  balances  and  net  liabilities  and  net  current 
liabilities of £9,111, £1,268,073 and £1,282,251, respectively. 

The director’s cash-flow projections for the forthcoming 12 months conclude there will be the need for additional 
cash resources to fully implement the business plans. A director has confirmed to provide financial supports to the 
Group and granted loan of approximately £80,000 to the Group subsequent to the reporting period for supporting 
the Group’s operation for the forthcoming 12 months. In addition, the directors are in non-binding discussions with 
individuals and institutions that may lead to further equity and/or loans being raised. There    may be uncertainty 
that any such funds will be forthcoming or the price and other terms being acceptable and as such there is a material 
uncertainty over going concern. 

3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

DIRECTORS’ REPORT (CONTINUED) 

Our strategy 

As  the  Company  strives  for  long-term  growth,  we  remain  committed  to  pursuing  a  strategic  approach  that 
encompasses various facets of our business. In line  with this vision,  the Group actively seek out selective and 
attractive investment opportunities that align with our goals and values. 

Notably, the Group have observed significant progress in certain business categories within the China region. This 
development serves as a promising signal, prompting us to explore potential cooperative opportunities through 
partnerships and collaborations. By leveraging the strengths and expertise of like-minded entities, the Group aim 
to drive mutual growth and unlock new avenues of success. 

Our approach to identifying and pursuing these opportunities is rooted in thorough analysis, meticulous evaluation, 
and prudent decision-making. The Group prioritize partnerships that complement the existing capabilities and align 
with  our  strategic  objectives.  Through  these  collaborative  ventures,  we  seek  to  enhance  our  market  position, 
expand our customer base, and diversify our offerings. 

Outlook 

The Group will continue to monitor market developments and will manage its businesses and investment portfolio 
with a view to further improving its overall asset quality and potential growth. The Group will also continue to 
manage its assets and assess new investment opportunities to achieve stable growth and enhance shareholders’ 
value. 

Event after the reporting period 

Subsequent to the reporting period, the Company remains actively engaged in pursuing potential capital injections 
through various avenues within the capital market. We recognize the importance of securing additional financial 
resources to support our growth strategies and enhance our operational capabilities. 

The Group is currently in non-binding negotiations with individuals and institutions regarding potential loan grants. 
These  discussions  reflect  our  commitment  to  exploring  viable  funding  options  that  align  with  our  long-term 
objectives.  By  leveraging  external  financial  support,  the  Group  aim  to  strengthen  our  financial  position  and 
maximize our potential for sustainable growth. 

Directors   

The following directors served during the year ended 31 December 2023: 

Mr Chung Lam Nelson Law   
Mr Geoffrey John Griggs 

(Chairman and Chief Financial Officer)  
(Non-executive Director) 

Substantial shareholding   

At 31 December 2023, the Company has been notified of the following interests of 3 per cent or more in its issued 
share capital as at the date of approval of this report:     

Name 

Chung Lam Nelson Law * 
Computershare Company Nominees Limited   
Premium Full Limited   
Tien San Chua   
Ahead Eternity Limited 
(* indicates a director of the Company) 

      Number of   
Ordinary Shares 

Approximate 
        % Shareholding 

349,854,461 
  117,525,104 
  93,786,896 
  72,000,000 
55,000,000 

  48.87% 
  16.42% 
  13.10% 
  10.06% 
7,68% 

4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

DIRECTORS’ REPORT (CONTINUED) 

Directors’ interests   

The directors’ interests in the share capital of the Company as at 31 December 2023 are shown below. All interests 
are beneficial.   

Mr Chung Lam Nelson Law 

Directors’ emoluments are detailed in Note 10 to the financial statements. 

Share capital and voting rights   

Number of   
Ordinary Shares 
349,854,461 

Details of the share capital and movements in share capital during the year are disclosed in Note 19 to the financial 
statements.   

Ratio of men to women 

At 31 December 2023, there was one women (2022: 1) employed across the Group making 33% (2022: 14%) of   
our Group-wide employee base. 

The Directors are satisfied that it has the appropriate balance of skills, experience and expertise necessary, and will 
give due regard to diversity in the event of further changes to both its own membership and/or the membership of 
the senior management team. 

Climate - Related Financial Disclosure 
The  Company’s  objective  is  to  enhance  the  Company's  strategies,  structures,  resources,  and  tools  in  order  to 
adeptly address and leverage climate-related risks and opportunities. 

The Company ensures that its financial disclosures related to climate issues adhere to internationally recognized 
standards, with particular emphasis on the four fundamental components established by the Task Force on Climate-
related Financial Disclosures (TCFD). 

Core Elements 
Governance 

Strategy 

Risk 
Management 

Metrics 
targets 

and 

of 

risks 

Description 
Structures  and  processes  in  place  to  oversee 
climate-related  issues,  including  the  role of  the 
board, management, and relevant committees. 
Insights into the company's actual and potential 
impacts 
and 
climate-related 
opportunities  on  its  business,  strategy,  and 
financial planning 
Processes  used  to  identify,  assess,  and  manage 
climate-related risks integrated into overall risk 
management.  Adaptations 
in 
response to climate considerations. 
Disclosure of metrics and targets used to assess 
and  manage  relevant  climate-related  risks  and 
opportunities, 
quantitative 
providing 
information on performance and progress. 

to  strategies 

TCFD pillar 
Governance 

The table below shows our current progress against TCFD Recommendations 
Recommended Disclosure 
The  Board's  supervision  of 
risks  and 
opportunities associated with climate-related 
factors. 

Strategy 

The  influence  of  climate-related  risks  and 
opportunities  on 
the  business,  strategic 
decisions, and financial planning. 

5 

Cellular Goods Summary 
The  Board  of  Directors  exercises 
oversight  over  climate-related  issues, 
integrating  them  within  the  broader 
framework of governance. 
The  Board 
aware 
transportation  has 
emissions 

air 
carbon 
sea 

compared 

higher 

that 

are 

to 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Risk Management 

The  company’s  protocols  for  effectively 
managing climate-related risks. 

transportation. Therefore, starting from 
2023, 
the  company  are  gradually 
transitioning our transportation method 
from air to sea freight.   
The  process  of  identifying  climate-
related  risks  is  seamlessly  integrated 
into  our  regular  operations.  Although 
we may not have a dedicated task force, 
every  team  member  is  accountable  for 
considering climate-related risks within 
their specific areas of responsibility. 

climate 

considerations 

This decentralized approach guarantees 
that 
are 
incorporated 
into  our  day-to-day 
decision-making  processes.  Given  our 
small  team  size,  collaboration  plays  a 
vital role. We regularly facilitate cross-
functional  discussions  to  collectively 
risks.  By 
evaluate  climate-related 
leveraging  the  expertise  of  each  team 
member,  we  ensure  a  comprehensive 
understanding  of  potential  impacts  on 
our  supply  chain,  production,  and 
market  dynamics.  This  collaborative 
effort  cultivates  a  shared  awareness  of 
the challenges posed by climate-related 
factors. 
The  carbon  capture  initiative  entails 
goals  for  mitigating  emissions  and 
actively  contributing  to  wider  climate 
initiatives. These metrics underscore the 
to 
Company’s  steadfast  dedication 
comprehensive  sustainability  practices 
throughout 
business 
portfolio. 

diverse 

its 

Metrics and targets  Metrics  used  by  the  organization  to  assess 
climate related risks and opportunities in line 
with 
its  strategy  and  risk  management 
process. 

Greenhouse gas emissions 

The  Group  recognizes  the  importance  of  assessing  its  operational  carbon  footprint  to  effectively  manage  and 
reduce its environmental impact. However, due to the limited scale and nature of its activities during the reviewed 
period, the Company's operations involve only a small number of employees and directors, and it operates from 
rented offices. Consequently, the Company's carbon emissions are minimal, and it is currently impractical to gather 
emissions data at this stage. In Hong Kong, the Company's energy consumption was below 14,000 KWh in 2023, 
and it is currently exempt from the obligation to disclose its sources of greenhouse gas and other emissions as 
stipulated by the Companies Act 2006 (Strategic Report and Directors Report) Regulations 2014. 

Financial risk management 

The Group’s financial risk management objective is to minimise, as far as possible, the Group’s exposure to each 
risk as detailed in Note 5 to the financial statements.   

6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

DIRECTORS’ REPORT (CONTINUED) 

Corporate governance 

As a company with a Standard Listing, the Group is not required to comply with the provisions of the Corporate 
Governance Code. Although the Company has not adopted the Corporate Governance Code, it intends to adopt 
such procedures as are appropriate for the size and nature of the Company and the size and composition of the 
Board. These corporate governance procedures have been selected with due regard to the provision of the UK 
Corporate Governance Code in particular:   

 

 

 

 

given  the  size  of  the  Board,  certain  provisions  of  the  Corporate  Governance  Code  (in  particular  the 
provisions  relating  to  the  composition  of  the  Board  and  the  division  of  responsibilities  between  the 
Chairman and chief executive and executive compensation), are not being complied with by the Company 
as the Board considers these provisions to be inapplicable to the Company; 

given the size of the Board, the board has not established an audit committee, a remuneration committee 
and a nomination committee comprising at least one non-executive director in each committee. The Board 
is taking the responsibilities  to review audit and risk matters, as well as  the Board’s size, structure and 
composition  and  the  scale  and  structure  of  the  directors’  fees,  taking  into  account  the  interests  of 
Shareholders  and  the  performance  of  the  Company,  and  will  take  responsibility  for  the  appointment  of 
auditors  and  payment  of  their  audit  fee,  monitor  and  review  the  integrity  of  the  Company’s  financial 
statements and take responsibility for any formal announcements on the Company’s financial performance. 

the  Corporate  Governance  Code  recommends  the  submission  of  all  directors  for  re-election  at  annual 
intervals. None of the directors will be required to retire by rotation and be submitted for re-election; and 

the Board has complied with the provision of the Corporate Governance Code that at least half of the Board, 
excluding  the  Chairman,  should  comprise  non-executive  directors  determined  by  the  Board  to  be 
independent. 

Auditors 

The  auditors,  PKF  Littlejohn  LLP,  have  expressed  their  willingness  to  continue  in  office  and  a  resolution  to 
reappoint them will be proposed at the Annual General Meeting. 

Disclosure of Information to Auditors 

So  far  as  the  directors  are  aware,  there  is  no  relevant  audit  information  of  which  the  Company’s  auditors  are 
unaware, and each Director has taken all the steps that he ought to have taken as a Director in order to make himself 
aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the Company’s auditors are aware of that information. 

By order of the board   

Chung Lam Nelson Law 
Chairman 
30 April 2024 

7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

STATEMENT OF DIRECTORS’ RESPONSIBILITIES 

The  directors  are  responsible  for  preparing  the  annual  report  and  the  financial  statements  in  accordance  with 
applicable  laws  and  regulations.  The  directors  are  required  to  prepare  financial  statements  for  the  Group  in 
accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRSs”). 

The directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view 
of affairs of the Group and of the profit or loss of the Group for that period. In preparing the financial statements, 
the directors are required to: 

- 

Select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; 

-  Make judgments and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent; 

- 

- 

State  whether  applicable  IFRSs  have  been  followed,  subject  to  any  material  departures  disclosed  and 
explained in the financial statements; and 

Prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the 
Company will continue in business. 

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the 
Group’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Group and 
enable  them  to  ensure  that  the  financial  statements  comply  with  applicable  law. They  are  also  responsible  for 
safeguarding the assets of the Group and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of 
fraud and other irregularities. 

The directors are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the corporate and financial information included 
on the Company’s website. 

Legislation  in  the  Cayman  Islands  governing  the  preparation  and  dissemination  of  the  accounts  and  the  other 
information included in annual reports may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions. 

Directors’ Responsibility Statement Pursuant to Disclosure and Transparency Rules 

Each of the directors, whose names and functions are listed on page 1, confirms that, to the best of their knowledge 
and belief: 

- 

- 

the financial statements prepared in accordance with IFRSs, give a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities, 
financial position and loss of the Group and parent company; and 

the Annual Report and financial statements, including the Business review, includes a fair review of the 
development and performance of the business and the position of the Group, together with a description of 
the principal risks and uncertainties that they face. 

By order of the board   

Chung Lam Nelson Law 
Chairman 
30 April 2024 

8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
INDEPENDENT  AUDITOR’S  REPORT  TO  THE  MEMBERS  OF  SEALAND  CAPITAL  GALAXY 

LIMITED   

Opinion   

We  have  audited the Group financial statements of Sealand Capital Galaxy Limited (‘the Group’) for the year 

ended 31 December 2023 which comprise the Consolidated Statement of Profit or loss, the Consolidated Statement 

of  Comprehensive  Income,  the  Consolidated  Statement  of  Financial  Position,  the  Consolidated  Statement  of 

Changes in Equity, the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows and notes to the financial statements, including 

significant accounting policies. The  financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is 

International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs).   

In our opinion, the Group financial statements: 

• 

give a true and fair view of the state of the Group’s affairs as at 31 December 2023 and of its loss for the 

year then ended; and 

• 

have been properly prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs).   

Basis for opinion   

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable 

law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit 

of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the Group in accordance with the ethical 

requirements  that  are  relevant  to  our  audit  of  the  financial  statements  in  the  UK,  including  the  FRC’s  Ethical 

Standard as applied to listed entities, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with 

these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a 

basis for our opinion.   

Material uncertainty related to going concern 

We draw attention to note 4(p) in the Group financial statements, which indicates that the Group incurred a net 

loss of £427,046 during the year ended 31 December 2023 and, as of that date, the Group was in a net liability 

position of £1,268,073. As stated in note 4(p), the directors’ cash flow projections for the following 12 months 

conclude that there will be the need for additional cash resources to fully implement the business plans. A director 

has confirmed to provide financial supports to the Group and granted loan of approximately £80,000 to the Group 

subsequent to the reporting period for supporting the Group’s operation for the forthcoming 12 months. In addition, 

the directors are in non-binding discussions with individuals and institutions that may lead to further equity and/or 

loans being raised. There may be uncertainty that any such funds will be forthcoming. These events or conditions, 

along  with  the  other  matters  as  set  forth  in  note  4(p),  indicate  that  a  material  uncertainty  exists  that  may  cast 

significant doubt on the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern. Our opinion is not modified in respect of 

this matter. 

In auditing the Group financial statements, we have concluded that the directors’ use of the going concern basis of 

accounting in the preparation of the Group financial statements is appropriate. Our evaluation of the directors’ 

assessment of the Group’s ability to continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting included obtaining 

managements’ forecasts to the period ended 30 April 2025 and challenging the key assumptions and inputs within. 

In order for the Group to meet their liabilities as they fall due, the  Group will need to raise funds either from 

existing shareholders or the open market.   

9 

 
 
 
Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the 

relevant sections of this report.   

Our application of materiality   

The scope of our audit was influenced by our application of materiality. The quantitative and qualitative thresholds 

for materiality determine the scope of our audit and the nature, timing and extent of our audit procedures. The 

materiality applied to the Group financial statements was £61,000 (2022: £31,200) based on 5% (2022: 5%) of the 

net liabilities at the year end. The performance materiality was £42,700 (2022: £21,840), being 70% (2022: 70%) 

of overall materiality to ensure sufficient coverage for group reporting purposes. For each component in the scope 

of our Group audit, we allocated a materiality that is less than our overall Group materiality. As a Group whose 

main aim is to maintain its operation as a going concern, net liabilities of the Group  were considered the most 

appropriate benchmarks to shareholders.   

We agreed with those charged with governance that we would report all differences identified during the course 

of our audit in excess of £3,050 (2022: £1,560) as well as those that we believe warranted reporting on qualitative 

grounds. 

Our approach to the audit 

In designing our audit, we determined materiality and assessed the risks of material misstatement in the Group 

financial statements. In particular we looked at areas involving significant accounting estimates and judgements 

by the directors and considered future events that are inherently uncertain. As in all of our audits, we also addressed 

the risk of management override of internal controls, including among other matters consideration of whether there 

was evidence of bias that represented a risk of material misstatement due to fraud.   

Of the 10 components of the Group, a full scope audit was performed on the complete financial information of 5 

components,  and  the  remaining  components  were  subject  to  analytical  review  only  because  they  were  not 

significant to the Group.   

Of the above 5    components of the Group, 4 are located in Hong Kong and audited by a component audit team 

operating under our instruction, and the audit of the remaining component were performed by us using a team with 

specific experience in auditing groups and publicly listed entities. The engagement partner interacted regularly 

with the component audit team during all stages of the audit and was responsible for the scope and direction of the 

audit process. This, in conjunction with additional procedures performed, gave us appropriate evidence for our 

opinion on the Group financial statements. 

Key audit matters   

Except for the matter described in the Material uncertainty related to going concern section, we have determined 

that there are no other key audit matters to communicate in our report. 

Other information 

The  other information comprises the information included in the annual report, other than the Group financial 

statements  and  our  auditor’s  report  thereon. The  directors  are  responsible  for  the  other  information  contained 

within the annual report. Our opinion on the Group financial statements does not cover the other information and, 

10 

 
 
 
 
we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. Our responsibility is to read the other information 

and,  in  doing  so,  consider  whether  the  other  information  is  materially  inconsistent  with  the  Group  financial 

statements or our knowledge obtained in the course of the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. 

If  we  identify  such  material  inconsistencies  or  apparent  material  misstatements,  we  are  required  to  determine 

whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the Group financial statements themselves. If, based on the 

work  we  have  performed,  we  conclude  that  there  is  a  material  misstatement  of  this  other  information,  we  are 

required to report that fact. 

We have nothing to report in this regard.   

Responsibilities of directors   

As  explained  more  fully  in  the  statement  of  directors’  responsibilities,  the  directors  are  responsible  for  the 

preparation of the Group financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for 

such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of Group financial statements 

that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.   

In  preparing  the  Group  financial  statements,  the  directors  are  responsible  for  assessing  the  Group’s  ability  to 

continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern 

basis of accounting unless  the directors either intend to liquidate  the  Group or to cease operations, or have no 

realistic alternative but to do so.   

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements   

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the Group financial statements as a whole are free 

from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. 

Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with 

ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error 

and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the 

economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these Group financial statements.   

Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures 

in  line  with  our  responsibilities,  outlined  above,  to  detect  material  misstatements  in  respect  of  irregularities, 

including  fraud. The  extent  to  which  our  procedures  are  capable  of  detecting  irregularities,  including  fraud  is 

detailed below: 

•  We obtained an understanding of the Group and the sector in which they operate to identify laws and 
regulations that could reasonably be expected to have a direct effect on the Group financial statements. 
We obtained our understanding in this regard through discussions with management, and application of 
our cumulative audit knowledge and experience of the sector. 

•  We determined the principal laws and regulations relevant to the Group in this regard to be those arising 
from LSE Listing Rules, Disclosure Guidance and Transparency Rules, Cayman Islands laws and local 
regulations, like local Companies Ordinances, local tax laws and local employment laws applicable to the 
subsidiaries. 

•  We designed our audit procedures to ensure the audit team considered whether there were any indications 
of non-compliance by the Group with those laws and regulations. These procedures included, but were 
not limited to: enquiries of management, review of board minutes and Regulatory News Service (RNS) 
announcements and review of legal and regulatory correspondence. 

•  We also identified the risks of material misstatement of the Group financial statements due to fraud. We 
considered, in addition to the non-rebuttable presumption of a risk of fraud arising from management 
override of controls, that the potential for management bias was identified in relation to the impairment 

11 

 
 
 
assessment  of  trade  and  other  receivables.  We  addressed  this  by  challenging  the  assumptions  and 
judgements made by management when evaluating any indicators of impairment. 

•  As in all of our audits, we addressed the risk of fraud arising from management override of controls by 
performing audit procedures which included but were not limited to: the testing of journals; reviewing 
accounting  estimates  for  evidence  of  bias;  and  evaluating  the  business  rationale  of  any  significant 
transactions that are unusual or outside the normal course of business. 

•  We engaged with our component auditors to ensure they assessed whether there were any instances of 
non-compliance with laws and regulations at a local level and ensured they reported any such breached 
or concerns to us. None were noted at the component or Group level. 

Because of the inherent limitations of an audit, there is a risk that we will not detect all irregularities, including 

those leading to a material misstatement in the Group financial statements or non-compliance with regulation. This 

risk  increases  the  more  that  compliance  with  a  law  or  regulation  is  removed  from  the  events  and  transactions 

reflected  in  the  Group  financial  statements,  as  we  will  be  less  likely  to  become  aware  of  instances  of  non-

compliance. The  risk  is  also  greater  regarding  irregularities  occurring  due  to  fraud  rather  than  error,  as  fraud 

involves intentional concealment, forgery, collusion, omission or misrepresentation. 

A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial 

Reporting  Council’s  website  at:  www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities.  This  description  forms  part  of  our 

auditor’s report.   

Use of our report 

This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, in accordance our engagement letter dated 6 

February 2024. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company’s members those matters 

we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose.    To the fullest extent permitted by 

law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone, other than the company and the company's members as 

a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed. 

Mark Ling (Engagement Partner)   

For and on behalf of PKF Littlejohn LLP 

Registered Auditor 

30 April 2024 

15 Westferry Circus 

Canary Wharf 

London E14 4HD 

12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF PROFIT OR LOSS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 

Revenue 

Cost of services 

Gross profit 

Other income 

Administrative expenses 

Note 

2023 
£ 

2022 
£ 

8 

8 

125,793 

226,750 

(71,893) 

53,900 

16,067 

(133,962) 

92,788 

20,484 

(537,554) 

(449,007) 

Finance cost arising from finance lease 

18 

(666) 

(738) 

Gain on disposal of subsidiaries 

- 

153,000 

Gain on deregistration of subsidiaries 

41,207 

3,904 

Loss before tax 

Income tax expense 

Loss for the year 

Attributable to: 
Equity holders of the Company 
Non-controlling interests 

Loss per share attributable to equity holders of 

the Company 

Basic and diluted 

9 

11 

12 

(427,046) 

(179,569) 

- 

- 

(427,046) 

(179,569) 

(414,232) 
(12,814) 

(427,046) 

(177,096) 
(2,473) 

(179,569) 

Pence 
(0.06) 

Pence 
(0.03) 

The notes to the financial statements on pages 18-40 form an integral part of these financial statements. 

13 

 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 

Loss for the year 

(427,046) 

(179,569) 

Note 

2023 
£ 

2022 
£ 

Other comprehensive income/(loss) 
Items to be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss: 
-  Exchange differences on translation of foreign operations 
-  Release of translation reserve upon disposal and 

deregistration of foreign subsidiaries 

Other comprehensive income for the year, net of tax 

Total comprehensive loss for the year 

Attributable to: 
Equity holders of the Company 
Non-controlling interests 

51,816 

(170,292) 

- 

51,816 

104,362 

(65,930) 

(375,230) 

(245,499) 

(375,246) 
16 

(186,197) 
(59,302) 

(375,230) 

(245,499) 

The notes to the financial statements on pages 18-40 form an integral part of these financial statement

14 

 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 
AT 31 DECEMBER 2023 

Note 

2023 
£ 

2022 
£ 

Non-current assets 

Property, plant and equipment 

Current assets 
Inventories 
Deposit, prepayments and other receivables 
Trade receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Current liabilities 
Trade payables 
Other payables and accrued expense 
Amount due to a director 
Finance lease liabilities 

Net current liabilities 

Total assets less current liabilities 

Non-current liabilities 

Finance lease liabilities 

Net liabilities 

Capital and reserves 

Share capital 
Reserves 

Total equity attributable to equity shareholders of the 

Company 

Non-controlling interests 

Total deficit 

13 

14 
15 
15 

16 

17 
18 

18 

19 

14,178 

44,791 

49,224 
45,531 
35,435 
9,111 
139,301 

36,110 
630,524 
740,486 
14,432 
1,421,552 

106,088 
58,305 
26,430 
35,567 
226,390 

36,110 
480,213 
602,646 
29,858 
1,148,827 

(1,282,251) 

(922,437) 

(1,268,073) 

(877,646) 

- 

15,197 

(1,268,073) 

(892,843) 

71,581 
(1,018,368) 

(946,787) 
(321,286) 

71,581 
(643,122) 

(571,541) 
(321,302) 

(1,268,073) 

(892,843) 

The notes to the Financial Statements on pages 18-40 form an integral part of these financial statements. 

These Financial Statements were approved by the Board of Directors and authorized for issue on 30 April 2024.   

Signed on behalf of the Board of Directors 

…………………………………………… 
Chung Lam Nelson Law 
Chairman 
30 April 2024

15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
         
         
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 

At 1 January 2023 

Loss for the year 
Exchange differences arising in translation 

Total comprehensive (loss)/income 

Attributable to equity holders of the Company 

Share 
capital 

£ 
71,581 

Share 
Premium 

£ 

  6,917,830 

Share-based 
payment 
reserve 

£ 
357,417 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

Exchange 
Reserve 

£ 
(3,720) 

- 
38,986 

Accumulated 
losses 

£ 

(7,914,649) 

Total 

£ 
(571,541) 

(414,232) 
- 

(414,232) 
38,986 

Non- 
controlling 
interests 

£ 

(321,302) 

(12,814) 
12,830 

Total 
deficit 

£ 
(892,843) 

(427,046) 
51,816 

38,986 

(414,232) 

(375,246) 

16 

(375,230) 

At 31 December 2023 

71,581 

  6,917,830 

357,417 

35,266 

(8,328,881) 

(946,787) 

(321,286) 

(1,268,073) 

At 1 January 2022 

59,569 

  6,660,898 

357,417 

5,381 

(7,737,553) 

(654,288) 

(369,877) 

(1,024,165) 

Loss of the year 
Exchange differences arising in translation 

Total comprehensive loss 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

Issue of ordinary shares (Note 19) 
Disposal and deregistration of subsidiaries 

12,012 
- 

256,932 
- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

- 
(113,463) 

(177,096) 
- 

(177,096) 
(113,463) 

(2,473) 
(56,829) 

(179,569) 
(170,292) 

(113,463) 

(177,096) 

(290,559) 

(59,302) 

(349,861) 

- 
104,362 

- 
- 

268,944 
104,362 

- 
107,877 

268,944 
212,239 

At 31 December 2022 

71,581 

  6,917,830 

357,417 

(3,720) 

(7,914,649) 

(571,541) 

(321,302) 

(892,843) 

The notes to the financial statements on pages 18-40 form an integral part of these financial statements. 

16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES 
Loss before tax 

Adjustments for: 
Depreciation 
Exchange difference 
Gain on disposal of subsidiaries 
Gain on deregistration of subsidiaries 
Share of profit of an associate 
Provision for impairment loss on trade and other receivables 
Provision for impairment loss on inventories 
Interest expenses 
Bank interest income 

2023 
£ 

2022 
£ 

(427,046) 

(179,569) 

29,010 
50,955 
- 
(41,207) 
- 
17,811 
42,413 
666 
(11) 

34,746 
- 
  (153,000) 
(3,904) 
- 
- 
- 
738 
(10) 

Operating cash flows before movements in working capital 

(327,409) 

(300,999) 

Decrease/(increase) in inventories 
Decrease/(increase) in deposit, prepayments and other   
receivable 
Increase in amounts due to a director 
Increase in trade receivables 
Increase in trade payables 
Increase in other payables and accrued expenses 

Net cash generated from operations 
Payment of interest portion of lease liabilities 

Net cash generated from operating activities 

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES 

Disposal of subsidiaries 
Interest income received 

Net cash used in investing activities 

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES 

Payment of principal portion of lease liabilities 

Net cash used in financing activities 

14,451 
12,393 

137,840 
(26,816) 
- 
192,912 

3,371 
(666) 

2,705 

(1,013) 
11 

(1,002) 

(24,265) 
(14,525) 

235,618 
(11,307) 
16,005 
311,158 

211,685 
(738) 

210,947 

(1,018) 
10 

(1,008) 

(30,623) 

(30,623) 

(33,582) 

(33,582) 

Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents 

(28,920) 

176,357 

Foreign exchange realignment 
Cash and cash equivalents at 1 January 

Cash and cash equivalents at 31 December 

2,464 
35,567 

9,111 

(148,988) 
8,198 

35,567 

The notes to the financial statements on pages 18-40 form an integral part of these financial statements.

17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 

1. 

GENERAL INFORMATION 

Sealand Capital Galaxy Limited (the “Company”) was incorporated in the Cayman Islands on 22 May 2015 
as  an  exempted  company  with  limited  liability  under  the  Companies  Law  of  the  Cayman  Islands. The 
Company’s registered office is at Willow House, PO Box 709, Cricket Square, Grand Cayman, KY1-1107, 
Cayman  Islands.  These  consolidated  financial  statements  comprise  the  Company  and  its  subsidiaries 
(together referred to as the “Group”) 

The Company’s nature of operations is to act as a special purpose acquisition company. 

The Group engaged in digital marketing and other IT and e-Commerce related businesses. 

2. 

BASIS OF PREPARATION 

The  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  the  International  Financial  Reporting 
Standard (“IFRSs”) and IFRIC interpretations applicable to companies reporting under IFRSs.   

These financial statements are presented in Great British Pounds (“£”) rounded to the nearest Great British 
Pound, except for otherwise indicated, and have been prepared under the historical cost convention.   

Details of going concern are included in note 4(p). 

3. 

STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS 

(i) 

New standards, amendments and interpretations adopted by the Group and Company 

The following IFRS or IFRIC interpretations were effective for the first time for the financial year 
beginning 1 January 2023. Their adoption has not had any material impact on the disclosures or on 
the amounts reported in these financial statements: 

Standard / Interpretation   

Application 

Amendments to IAS 1 and IFRS Practice Statement 2  Disclosure of Accounting Policies 
Amendments to IAS 8 
Amendments to IAS 12 

Definition of Accounting Estimates 
Deferred Tax related to Assets and Liabilities 
arising from a Single Transaction 

(ii)  New standards, amendments and interpretations not yet adopted 

Standard / Interpretation   

Application 

IAS 1 amendments 

IAS 1 amendments 

IFRS 16 amendments 

IAS 7 & IFRS 7 amendments 

IAS 21 amendments 

Amendments to IFRS 10 and IAS 28 

Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-current 
Effective: Annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2024 
Non-current Liabilities with Covenants 
Effective: Annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2024 
Lease liability in a Sale and Leaseback 
Effective: Annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2024 
Supplier finance arrangements 
Effective: Annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2025 
Lack of Exchangeability 
Effective: Annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2025 
Sale or Contribution of Assets between an Investor and its 
Associate or Joint Venture 
Effective: To be determined 

There are no IFRSs or IFRIC interpretations that are not yet effective that would be expected to have 
a material impact on the Company or Group. 

18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 

4. 

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

(a) 

Basis of consolidation 

These financial statements comprise the financial statements of the Company and entities controlled 
by the Company (its subsidiaries) for the year ended 31 December 2023.   

Control  is  achieved  when  the  Group  is  exposed,  or  has  rights,  to  variable  returns  from  its 
involvement with the investee and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the 
investee. Specifically, the Group controls an investee if, and only if, the Group has: 

  Power over the investee (i.e., existing rights that give it the current ability to direct the relevant 

activities of the investee) 

    Exposure, or rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee 
    The ability to use its power over the investee to affect its returns 

Generally, there is a presumption that a majority of voting rights results in control. To support this 
presumption  and  when  the  Group  has  less  than  a  majority  of  the  voting  or  similar  rights  of  an 
investee, the Group considers all relevant facts and circumstances in assessing whether it has power 
over an investee, including: 

  The contractual arrangement(s) with the other vote holders of the investee 
  Rights arising from other contractual arrangements 
  The Group’s voting rights and potential voting rights 

(i) 

Business combinations 

The Group accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method when control is 
transferred  to  the  Group.  The  consideration  transferred  in  the  acquisition  is  generally 
measured at fair value, as are the identifiable net assets acquired. Any goodwill that arises is 
tested annually for impairment. Any gain on a bargain purchase is recognised in profit or loss 
immediately. Transaction costs are expensed as incurred, except if related to the issue of debt 
or equity securities. 

The  consideration  transferred  does  not  include  amounts  related  to  the  settlement  of  pre-
existing relationships. Such amounts are generally recognised in profit or loss. 

Any  contingent  consideration  is  measured  at  fair  value  at  the  date  of  acquisition.  If  an 
obligation to pay contingent consideration that meets the definition of a financial instrument 
is classified as equity, then it is not remeasured and settlement is accounted for within equity. 
Otherwise, other contingent consideration is remeasured at fair value at each reporting date 
and subsequent changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration are recognised in 
profit or loss. 

(ii) 

Subsidiaries 

Subsidiaries are entities controlled by the Group. The  Group controls an entity when it is 
exposed to, or has rights to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the 
ability to affect those returns through its power over the entity. The financial statements of 
subsidiaries  are  included  in  the  consolidated  financial  statements  from  the  date  on  which 
control commences until the date on which control ceases. 

19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 

4. 

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED) 

(a) 

Basis of consolidation (Continued) 

(iii)  Loss of control 

When the Group loses control over a subsidiary, it derecognises    the assets    and liabilities   
of the subsidiary, and any related NCI and other components of equity. Any resulting gain or 
loss is recognised in profit or loss. Any interest retained in the former subsidiary is measured 
at fair value when control is lost. A change in the ownership interest of a subsidiary, without 
a loss of control, is accounted for as an equity transaction. 

(iv)  Transactions eliminated on consolidation 

Intra-group balances and transactions, and any unrealised income and expenses arising from 
intra-group  transactions,  are  eliminated.  Unrealised  gains  arising  from  transactions  with 
equity-accounted investee are eliminated against the investment to the extent of the Group’s 
interest in the investee. Unrealised losses are eliminated in the same way as unrealised gains, 
but only to the extent that there is no evidence of impairment. 

(b)  Revenue recognition 

Revenue is recognised to depict the transfer of goods and services to customers in an amount that 
reflects the consideration to which the Group expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or 
services. Specifically, the Group uses a 5-step approach to revenue recognition: 

Step 1:    Identify the contract(s) with a customer; 
Step 2:    Identify the performance obligations in the contract; 
Step 3:    Determine the transaction price; 
Step 4:    Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and 
Step 5:    Recognise revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. 

The Group recognises revenue when (or as) a performance obligation is satisfied, i.e. when “ control” 
of the goods or services underlying the particular performance obligation is transferred to customers. 

A  performance  obligation represents  a  good  or  service  (or a  bundle of  goods or  services)  that  is 
distinct or a series of distinct goods or services that are substantially the same. 

Control is transferred over time and revenue is recognised over time by reference to the progress 
towards complete satisfaction of relevant performance obligation if one of the following criteria is 
met: 

- 

- 

- 

the  customer  simultaneously  receives  and  consumes  the  benefits  provided  by  the  entity’s 
performance as the Group performs; 
the Group’s performance creates and enhances an asset that the customer controls as the Group 
performs; or 
the Group’s performance does not create an asset with an alternative use to the Group and the 
Group has an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date.   

Otherwise, revenue is recognised at a point in time when the customer obtains control of the distinct 
good or service. 

A contract asset represents the Group’s right to consideration in exchange for goods and  services 
that  the  Group  has  transferred  to  a  customer    that    is    not  unconditional.  It  is  assessed  for 
impairment  in  accordance  with  IFRS  9.  In  contrast,  a  receivable  represents  the  Group’s 
unconditional    right    to consideration, i.e. only the passage of time is required before payment of 
that consideration is due. 

20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 

4. 

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED) 

(b)  Revenue recognition (Continued) 

A contract liability represents the Group’s obligation to transfer services to a customer for which the 
Group has received consideration (or an amount of consideration is due) from the customer. 

A contract asset and a contract liability relating to a contract are accounted for and presented on a 
net basis. 

Revenue  from  e-commerce  service  is  recognised  when  the  performance  obligation  is  satisfied. 
Interest income from a financial asset is accrued on a time basis using the effective interest method. 

(c)  Government grants 

Government grants are recognised where there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received 
and all attached conditions will be complied with. When the grant relates to an expense item, it is 
recognised as income on a systematic basis over the periods that the related costs, for which it is 
intended to compensate, are expensed. When the grant relates to an asset, it is recognised as income 
in equal amounts over the expected useful life of the related asset. 

When  the  Group  receives  grants  of  non-monetary  assets,  the  asset  and  the  grant  are  recorded  at 
nominal amounts and released to profit or loss over the expected useful life of the asset, based on 
the pattern of consumption of the benefits of the underlying asset by equal annual instalments. 

(d) 

Foreign currency transactions 

(i) 

Functional and presentational currency 

Items included in the Financial Statements of each of the Group’s entities are measured using 
the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (“functional 
currency”), being British Pound Sterling (“GBP” or “£”), Chinese Yuan (“CNY”) and Hong 
Kong Dollar (“HKD”). The Group Financial Statements are presented in GBP. 

(ii) 

Transactions and balances 

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange 
rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated 
in  foreign  currencies  are  translated  at  the  rates  of  exchange  ruling  at  the  Statement  of 
Financial Position date. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of 
such transactions, and from the translation at year-end exchange rates of monetary assets and 
liabilities  denominated  in  foreign  currencies,  are  recognised  in  the  Statement  of 
Comprehensive Income. 

21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 

4. 

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED) 

(d) 

Foreign currency transactions (Continued) 

(iii)  Group companies 

The results and financial position of all the Group entities that have a  functional currency 
different  from  the  presentation  currency  are  translated  into  the  presentation  currency  as 
follows: 

- 

- 

the  contractual  arrangement(s)  with  the  other  vote  holders  of  the  investee  assets  and 
liabilities for each statement of financial position presented are translated at the closing 
exchange rate at the date of that statement of financial position; 
income  and  expenses  for  each  statement  of  comprehensive  income  are  translated  at 
average exchange rates; and 

-  all resulting exchange differences are recognised in other comprehensive income (loss). 

(e)  Goodwill and intangible assets 

Goodwill 

Goodwill  arising  on  an  acquisition  of  a  business  is  carried  at  cost  as  established  at  the  date  of 
acquisition of the business less accumulated impairment losses, if any. 

For the purposes of impairment testing, goodwill is allocated to each of the Group’ s cash-generating 
units  (or  groups  of  cash-generating  units)  that  is  expected  to  benefit  from  the  synergies  of  the 
combination. 

A cash-generating unit to which goodwill has been allocated is tested for impairment annually, or 
more frequently when there is indication that the unit may be impaired. For the goodwill arising on 
an acquisition in a reporting period, the cash-generating unit to which goodwill has been allocated 
is tested for impairment before the end of that reporting period. If the recoverable amount of the 
cash-generating unit is less than its carrying amount, the impairment loss is allocated first to reduce 
the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the unit and then to the other assets of the unit on 
a pro rata  basis based on the carrying amount of each asset in the unit. Any impairment loss for 
goodwill is recognised directly in profit or loss. An impairment loss recognised for goodwill is not 
reversed in subsequent periods. 

On disposal of the relevant cash-generating unit, the attributable amount of goodwill is included in 
the determination of the amount of profit or loss on disposal. 

(f) 

Property, plant and equipment 

Property, plant and equipment is measured on the cost basis and therefore stated at historic cost less 
accumulated  depreciation.  Historic  cost  includes  expenditure  that  is  directly  attributable  to  the 
acquisition of the items. 

All repairs and maintenance expenditure is charged to the Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss 
during the financial period in which they are incurred. 

Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method to allocate their cost over their estimated 
useful lives, as follows: 

22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 

4. 

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED) 

(f) 

Property, plant and equipment (Continued) 

Owned assets 
Office equipment   
Leasehold improvement 

Right-of-use assets 
Buildings   

  36 - 60 months 
  lower of 36 months and the lease term 

  Over the lease term 

The  assets’  useful  lives  are  reviewed,  and,  if  appropriate,  asset  values  are  written  down  to  their 
estimated recoverable amounts, at each reporting date. Gains and losses on disposals are determined 
by comparing proceeds with the carrying amounts, and are included in profit or loss. 

(g) 

Impairment of non-financial assets 

Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives or those not yet available for use are not 
subject to amortisation and are tested for impairment at least annually, irrespective of whether there 
is any indication that they are impaired. All other assets are tested for impairment whenever there 
are  indications  that  the  asset’s  carrying  amount  may  not  be  recoverable. An  impairment  loss  is 
recognised as an expense immediately for the amount by which the asset’ s carrying amount exceeds 
its recoverable amount. Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value, reflecting market conditions 
less costs of disposal, and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are 
discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessment 
of time value of money and the risk specific to the asset. For the purposes of assessing impairment, 
where an asset does not generate cash inflows largely independent from other assets, the recoverable 
amount is determined for the smallest group of assets that generate cash inflows independently (i.e. 
a cash-generating unit). As a result, some assets are tested individually for impairment and some are 
tested at cash-generating unit level. Goodwill in particular is allocated to those cash-generating units 
that are expected to benefit from synergies of the related business combination and represent the 
lowest level within the Group at which the goodwill is monitored for internal management purpose 
and not be larger than an operating segment. 

Impairment losses recognised for cash-generating units, to which goodwill has been allocated, are 
credited initially to the carrying amount of goodwill. Any remaining impairment loss is charged pro-
rata to the other assets in the cash generating unit, except that the carrying value of an asset will not 
be reduced below its individual fair value less cost of disposal, or value in use, if determinable. An 
impairment loss on goodwill is not reversed in subsequent periods. In respect of other assets, an 
impairment loss is reversed if there has been a favourable change in the estimates used to determine 
the  asset’s  recoverable  amount  and  only  to  the  extent  that  the  asset’s  carrying  amount  does  not 
exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, 
if no impairment loss had been recognised. Impairment losses recognised in an interim period in 
respect of goodwill are not reversed in a subsequent period. This is the case even if no loss, or a 
smaller loss, would have been recognised had the impairment been assessed only at the end of the 
financial year to which the interim period relates. 

23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 

4. 

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED) 

(h) 

Financial instruments 

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised in the statements of financial position when 
a group entity becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. Financial assets and 
financial liabilities within the scope of IFRS 9 are initially measured at fair value and transaction 
costs  that  are  directly  attributable  to  the  acquisition  or  issue  of  financial  assets  and  financial 
liabilities are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, 
as appropriate, on initial recognition. 

The  Group’s  financial  assets,  including  deposits,  receivables,  contract  assets  and  cash  and  cash 
equivalents, are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less 
identified impairment charges (see Note 4(i)) as the assets are held within a business model whose 
objective is to hold assets in order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual terms of the 
financial assets give rise on specific dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and 
interest on the principal amount outstanding. 

Financial liabilities include lease liabilities, trade payables, amount due to a director, other payables 
and accruals. All financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective 
interest method. 

(i) 

Impairment of financial assets   

The Group recognises loss allowances for expected credit loss on the financial instruments that are 
not measured at fair value. The Group considers the probability of default upon initial recognition 
of financial assets and assesses whether there has been  a significant increase in credit risk on an 
ongoing basis. 

The Group considers the credit risk on a financial instrument is low if the financial instrument has a 
low risk of default, the debtor has a strong capacity to meet its contractual cash flow obligations in 
the near term and adverse changes in economic and business conditions in the longer term may, but 
will not necessarily, reduce the ability of the debtor to fulfill its contractual cash flow obligations. 

The  carrying  amount  of  the  receivables  is  reduced  through  the  use of  the  receivable  impairment 
charges account. Changes in the carrying amount of the receivable impairment charges account are 
recognised in profit or loss. The receivable is written off against the receivable impairment charges 
account when the Group has no reasonable expectations of recovering the receivable. 

If, in a subsequent period, the amount of expected credit losses decreases, the reversal would be 
adjusted  to  the  receivable  impairment  charges  account  at  the  reporting  date. The  amount  of  any 
reversal is recognised in profit or loss. 

24 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 

4. 

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED) 

(j) 

Derecognition of financial assets and financial liabilities 

Financial  assets  are  derecognised  when  the  contractual  rights  to  receive  the  cash  flows  of  the 
financial  assets  expire;  or  where  the  Group  transfers  the  financial  assets  and  either  (i)  it  has 
transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial assets; or (ii) it has 
neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial 
assets but has not retained control of the financial assets. 

Financial  liabilities  are  derecognised  when  they  are  extinguished,  i.e.  when  the  obligation  is 
discharged, cancelled or expires. 

(k) 

Inventories 

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realisable value, with cost determined using the 
first-in,  first-out  (“FIFO”)  cost  method.  Net  realisable  value  is  the  estimated  selling  price  in  the 
ordinary  course  of  business,  less  estimated  cost  necessary  to  make  the  sale.  Allowances  are 
established to reduce the cost of excess and obsolete or damaged inventories to their estimated net 
realiable value.   

(l) 

Trade Receivables 

In determining the recoverability of trade receivables, the Group considers any change in the credit 
quality of the trade receivables from the initial recognition date to the end of each of the reporting 
period.  In  the  opinion  of  the  directors  of  the  Company,  apart  from  those  balances  for  which 
allowances have been provided, other trade receivables at the end of each reporting period are of 
good credit quality which considering the high credibility of these customers, good track record with 
the Group and subsequent settlement,  the management believes that no impairment allowance is 
necessary in respect of unsettled balances. 

The Group applied the simplified approach to provide the expected credit losses (“ECL”) prescribed 
by IFRS 9. The impairment methodology is set out in Note 4 and Note 5(iii) respectively. As part of 
the Group’s credit risk management, the Group assesses the impairment for its customers based on 
different group of customers which share common risk characteristics that are representative of the 
customers’ abilities to pay all amounts due in accordance with the contractual terms.   

(m)  Cash and cash equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents include cash in hand and deposits held at call with banks. 

(n)  Current and deferred income tax 

Income tax comprises current and deferred tax. Current income tax is recognised in the profit or loss, 
except to the extent that it relates to items recognised directly in equity. In this case the tax is also 
recognised directly in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively. 

Current income tax is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the 
end of the reporting period in the countries where the Company’s subsidiaries operate and generate 
taxable income. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to 
situations in which applicable tax regulation is subject to interpretation. It establishes provisions 
where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.   

25 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 

4. 

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED) 

(n)  Current and deferred income tax (Continued) 

Deferred  income  tax  is  recognised,  using  the  liability  method,  on  temporary  differences  arising 
between  the  tax  bases  of  assets  and  liabilities  and  their  carrying  amounts  in  the  Consolidated 
Financial  Statements.  However,  the  deferred  tax  is  not  accounted  for  if  it  arises  from  initial 
recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction other than a business combination that, at the time 
of  the  transaction,  affects  neither  accounting  nor  taxable  profit  or  loss.  Deferred  income  tax  is 
determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted, or substantially enacted, by the end of 
the reporting period and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is utilised, 
or the deferred income tax liability is settled. 

Deferred income tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that future taxable 
profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilised. 

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset 
current  tax  assets  against  current  tax  liabilities,  and  when  the  deferred  income  tax  assets  and 
liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the taxable entity or 
different taxable entities where there is an intention to settle the balances on a net basis. 

(o) 

Leases 

Lessee 

All leases with a term of more than 12 months are recognised as an asset representing the right to 
use of the underlying asset and a liability representing the obligation to make lease payments, unless 
the  underlying  asset  is  of  low  value.  Both  the  asset  and  the  liability  are  initially  measured  on  a 
present value basis. Right-of-use assets are recognised under fixed assets and are measured at cost 
less any accumulated depreciation and impairment losses and adjusted for any remeasurement of the 
lease liabilities. Right-of-use assets are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the 
useful life of the assets and the lease term. Lease liabilities are initially measured at the present value 
of unpaid lease payments and subsequently adjusted by the effect of the interest on and the settlement 
of the lease liabilities, and the re-measurement arising from any reassessment of the lease liabilities 
or lease modifications.   

Lessor 

Leases where substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of assets remain with the Group 
are classified as operating leases. Assets leased under operating leases are included in fixed assets 
and rentals receivable are credited to surplus or deficit on the straight-line basis over the lease term. 

(p)  Going Concern 

The director’s cash-flow projections for the forthcoming 12 months conclude there will be the need 
for  additional  cash  resources  to  fully  implement  the  business  plans. A  director  has  confirmed  to 
provide financial supports to the Group and granted loan of approximately  £80,000 to the Group 
subsequent  to  the  reporting  period  for  supporting  the  Group’s  operation  for  the  forthcoming  12 
months. In addition, the directors are in non-binding discussions with individuals and institutions 
that may lead to further equity and/or loans being raised. There  may be uncertainty that any such 
funds  will  be  forthcoming  or  the  price  and  other  terms  being  acceptable  and  as  such  there  is  a 
material uncertainty over going concern. 

(q) 

Employee benefits 

Salaries, wages, paid annual leave, bonuses and non-monetary benefits are accrued in the Year in 
which the associated services are rendered by the employees of the Group. 

26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 

4. 

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED) 

(r) 

Share capital 

Ordinary shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of new 
shares or options are shown in equity as a deduction, net of tax, from the proceeds. 

(s) 

Share-based payments 

Equity-settled share-based payment transactions in exchange for services of goods are measured at 
the fair value of the goods or services received, except where that fair value cannot be estimated 
reliably,  in  which  case  they  are  measured  at  the  fair  value  of  the  equity  instruments  granted, 
measured at the date the entity obtains the goods or the counterparty renders the service. The fair 
value  excludes  the  effect  of  non-market-based  vesting  conditions.  Details  regarding  the 
determination of the fair value of equity-settled share-based transactions are set out in Note 21. 

The fair value determined at the grant date of the equity-settled share-based payments is expensed 
on  a  straight-line  basis  over  the  vesting  period,  based  on  the  Group’s  estimate  of  the  number of 
equity instruments that will eventually vest. At each reporting date, the Group revises its estimate of 
the  number  of  equity  instruments  expected  to  vest  as  a  result  of  the  effect  of  non-market-based 
vesting conditions. The impact of the revision of the original estimates, if any, is recognised in profit 
or  loss  such  that  the  cumulative  expense  reflects  the  revised  estimate,  with  a  corresponding 
adjustment to reserves. 

5. 

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT 

The Board’s overall risk management strategy seeks to assist the Group in meeting its financial targets, 
while minimising potential adverse effects on financial performance. Its functions include the review of 
future cash flow requirements. 

The Group’s activities expose it to a variety of financial risks as below. 

(i) 

Interest rate risk 

The  Group  has  floating rate  financial  assets  in  the form  of  deposit  accounts  with  major banking 
institutions  of  £9,111. Apart  from  the  abovementioned  amount,  no  other  financial  instrument  is 
subjected to interest rate risk. The interest rate risk is therefore considered minimal. 

(ii) 

Foreign exchange risk 

Foreign currency risk is the risk to earnings or capital arising from movements in foreign exchange 
rates. The Group’s foreign currency risk primarily arises from currency exposures originating from 
its foreign exchange dealings and other investment activities. 

The Group monitors the relative foreign exchange positions of its assets and liabilities to minimise 
foreign currency risk. The foreign currency risk is managed and monitored on an ongoing basis by 
senior management of the Group. It is considered by the management of the Group that the exposure 
to foreign exchange risk is minimal.   

27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 

5. 

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (CONTINUED) 

(iii)  Credit risk 

Credit risk is the risk that one party to a financial instrument will cause a financial loss for the other 
party  by  failing  to discharge an  obligation. The  carrying  amount of  financial  assets  and  contract 
assets recognised on the consolidated statement of  financial position, which is net of impairment 
losses, represents the Group ’ s exposure to credit risk without taking into account the value of any 
collateral  held  or  other  credit  enhancements.  The  Group’  s  maximum  exposure  to  credit  risk  is 
summarised in Note 23. 

Most of the Group’ s cash in banks have been deposited with reputable and creditworthy banks in 
Hong Kong. Management considers there is minimal credit risk associated with those balances. 

(iv)  Liquidity risk 

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group will encounter difficulty in meeting obligations associated 
with financial liabilities. The responsibility for liquidity risk management rests with the Board of 
Directors. 

As at the reporting date, the Group was in a net current liabilities positions. The Group is currently 
obtaining cash advances from one of a director to meet its temporary operating needs. Further, the 
Board of Directors is sourcing alternatives for the Group’ s future capital needs include the issue of 
equity instruments and external borrowing. These alternatives are evaluated to determine the optimal 
mix of capital resources for our capital needs. 

(v)  Market risk 

Market risk is the risk that changes in market prices, such as interest rates and foreign exchange 
rates,  will  affect  the  Group’s  income  or  the  value  of  its  holdings  of  financial  instruments.  The 
objective  of  market  risk  management  is  to  manage  and  control  market  risk  exposures  within 
acceptable parameters, while optimising the return. The Group does not hedge these risk exposures 
due to the lack of any market to purchase financial instruments. 

(vi)  Capital risk management 

The Company manages its capital to ensure that the Company will be able to continue as a going 
concern while maximising the return to shareholder through the optimisation of the debt and equity 
balances. 

The capital structure of the Company consists of debt and equity attributable to the owners of the 
Company, comprising share capital, share premium and accumulated losses. 

The  directors  of  the  Company  review  the  capital  structure  regularly. As  part  of  this  review,  the 
directors of the Company consider the cost of capital and the associated risks, and take appropriate 
actions to adjust the Company’s capital structure. The overall strategy of the Company remained 
unchanged. 

28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 

6. 

CRITICAL  ACCOUNTING  JUDGEMENTS  AND  KEY  UNCERTAINTIES  OF  ESTIMATION 
UNCERTAINTY 

The preparation of the Group’ s financial statements requires management to make judgements, estimates 
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and their 
accompanying disclosures and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Uncertainty about these assumptions 
and estimates could result in outcomes that could require a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of 
the assets or liabilities affected in the future. 

The  estimates  and  underlying  assumption  are  reviewed  on  an  ongoing  basis.  Revisions  to  accounting 
estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period, 
or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods. 

Key source of estimation uncertainty 

Trade receivables and contract assets 

The Group’s customer base consists of a wide range of clients and the trade receivables and contract assets 
are categorised by common risk characteristics that are representative of the customers’ abilities to pay all 
amounts  due  in  accordance  with  the  contractual  terms.  The  Group  applies  a  simplified  approach  in 
calculating ECL for trade receivables and contract assets and recognises a loss allowance based on lifetime 
ECL at each reporting date and has established a provision matrix that is based on its historical credit loss 
experience, adjusted for forward-looking factors specific to the debtors and the economic environment. The 
expected loss rate used in the provision matrix is calculated for each category based on actual credit loss 
experience over the prior years and adjusted for current and forward- looking factors to reflect differences 
between economic conditions during the period over which the historical data has been collected, current 
conditions  and  the  Group’s  estimate  on  future  economic  conditions  over  the  expected  lives  of  the 
receivables. There was no change in the estimation techniques or significant assumptions made during the 
Year. 

At 31 December 2023, a provision for impairment loss on trade receivables and contract assets of £9,500 
(2022:  Nil)  was  recognised  according  to  the  management  expected  loss. The  Group’s  trade  receivables 
which are past due but which the Group has not impaired as there have not been any significant changes in 
credit  quality  of  customers  and  the  management  believes  that  the  amounts  are  fully  recoverable. 
Receivables  that  were  neither  past  due  nor  impaired  at  31  December  2023  relate  to  a  wide  range  of 
customers for whom there was no history of default. 

The Group does not hold any collateral over trade receivables and contract assets at 31 December 2023 
(2022: Nil). 

Allowance for obsolete inventories   

Allowance for obsolete inventories is made for those identified obsolete and slow-moving inventories and 
inventories  with  a  carrying  amount  higher  than  net  realisable  value.  The  assessment  of  the  allowance 
involves  management’  s  judgement  and  estimates  on  which  are  influenced  by  assumptions  concerning 
future sales and judgements in determining the appropriate level of inventory allowance against identified 
surplus or obsolete items. Where the actual outcome in future is different from the original estimate, such 
difference will impact the carrying value of inventories and allowance charge/write-back in the period in 
which such estimate has been changed. 

At 31 December 2023, allowance for obsolete inventories of £42,413 (2022: Nil) was recognised. 

29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 

7. 

SEGMENT INFORMATION 

The  Chief  Operating  Decision  Maker  (“CODM”)  has  been  identified  as  the  executive  directors  of  the 
Company who reviews the Group’s internal reporting in order to assess performance and allocate resources. 
The CODM has determined the operating segments based on these reports. 

For management purposes, the Group is organised into business units based on their products and services, 
and has reportable operating segments as follows: 

(a) 

(b) 

(c) 

The  digital  marketing  and  payment  segment  includes  services  on  enlisting  merchants  to  mobile 
payment gateways and providing digital advertising services; 

The software development and support segment includes sales and distribution of mobile game and 
all other I.T. related development and support services; and 

The e-commerce segment includes sales of goods through internet and provision for consultancy 
services related to e-commerce.   

Digital 
marketing 
and 
payment 
£ 

Software 
development 
and support 
£ 

e-Commerce 
£ 

Unallocated   
£ 

Total 
£ 

Year ended 31 December 2023 
Revenue 

Segment loss 

Depreciation 

Assets 

Liabilities 

Year ended 31 December 2022 
Revenue 

- 

(1,691) 

- 

6 

6,470 

887 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

125,793 

- 

125,793 

(11,838) 

(413,517) 

(427,046) 

- 

29,010 

29,010 

110,393 

43,080 

153,479 

99,858 

1,315,224 

1,421,552 

225,863 

- 

226,750 

Segment (loss)/Profit 

(53,128) 

(7,920) 

4,534 

(123,055) 

(179,569) 

Depreciation 

Assets 

Liabilities 

- 

443 

21,767 

- 

- 

- 

- 

34,746 

34,746 

196,419 

74,319 

271,181 

125,892 

1,016,365 

1,164,024 

30 

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 

7. 

SEGMENT INFORMATION (CONTINUED) 

Geographical information: 

Revenue by Geography 

2023 
£ 

2022 
£ 

Hong Kong 

125,793 

226,750 

Information about major customers 

For  the  year  ended  31  December  2023,  2  external  customer  contributed  more  than  10%  to  the  Group 
revenue (2022: no external customer contributed more than 10% to the Group revenue).   

8.    REVENUE AND OTHER INCOME 

REVENUE 
Advertising services 
Commission income 
eCommerce sales 

OTHER INCOME 
Bank interest income 
Government subsidy 
Others 

9.   

LOSS BEFORE TAX 

Loss before tax has been arrived at after charging: 

Depreciation – Owned assets 
Depreciation – Right of use assets 
Cost of inventories sold 
Exchange gain, net 
Provision for impairment losses on trade and other receivables 
Allowance for obsolete inventories 
Staff cost (including Director Remuneration) 
Audit fees 

2022 
£ 

2022 
£ 

- 
1,301 
124,492 

125,793 

11 
- 
16,056 

16,067 

887 
1,301 
224,562 

226,750 

10 
2,730 
17,744 

20,484 

2023 
£ 

2022 
£ 

- 
29,010 
71,893 
50,520 
17,811 
42,413 
206,861 
52,500 

1,387 
33,359 
133,462 
(125,886) 
- 
- 
307,105 
52,241 

31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 

10. 

EMPLOYEES   

The average number of employees during the Year was made up as follows: 

Directors   

Staff 

Staff costs, including directors’ costs comprise: 
Wages, salaries and other staff costs 
Share-based remuneration 

2023 

2022 

2 

3 

2 

7 

2023 
£ 

2022 
£ 

206,861 
- 

206,861 

307,105 
- 

307,105 

Included in the wages, salaries and other staff cost, £3,827 (2022: £26,616) represents the salaries paid to 
the daughter of a director. 

Key Management Remuneration 

The  directors’  emoluments  in  respect  of  qualifying  services,  which  all  related  to  short-term  employee 
benefits, were as follows: 

Chung Lam Nelson Law 

Salaries and fees – in cash 
Share-based payment 
Geoffrey John Griggs 

Salaries and fees – in cash 
Share-based payment 

2023 
£ 

2022 
£ 

180,000 
- 

18,000 
- 

180,000 
- 

18,000 
- 

198,000 

198,000 

No pension contributions were made on behalf of the directors of the Company.   

No share options were granted to directors during the year and year ended 31 December 2023 and 2022. 

32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 

11.   

INCOME TAX 

No provision for profits tax has been made in these consolidated financial statements as the Group did not 
have any assessable profits. The profits tax rate for Hong Kong is currently at 16.5% (2022: 16.5%) of the 
estimated assessable profits for the Year. 

A reconciliation of income tax expense applicable to the loss before tax at the statutory tax rate of Hong 
Kong to the income tax expense at the effective tax rate of the Group is as follows: 

Loss before tax 

Tax at the Hong Kong statutory tax rate of 16.5% 
Effect of different tax rates in other jurisdictions 
Income not subject to tax 
Expenses not deductible for tax 
Tax losses not recognized for the year 
Utilisation of tax losses not recognised for the year 

2023 
£ 

2022 
£ 

(427,046) 

(179,569) 

(70,463) 

-       

  (7,319) 
  74,833   
  4,380   
  (1,431) 

(29,629) 
51,135 
(178,623) 
157,216 
4,856 
(4,955) 

- 

- 

Hong Kong statutory tax rate of 16.5% is adopted in the tax reconciliation since the Group’s major operating 
subsidiaries are incorporated and operated in Hong Kong and subject to Hong Kong Profits Tax. 

Potential  deferred  tax  assets  arising  from  operating  loss  carryforward  totalling  approximately  £588,000 
(2022: £570,000) have not been recognised due to uncertainty as to when taxable profits will be generated. 

12.    BASIC AND DILUTED LOSS PER SHARE 

Basic loss per share is calculated by dividing the loss attributable to the Company’ s owners of £414,232 
(2022: £177,096) by the weighted average number of 715,815,080 ordinary shares (2022: 602,495,699) in 
issue during 2023. 
The following potential ordinary shares are anti-diluted and therefore excluded from the weighted average 
number of ordinary shares for the purpose of diluted loss per share. 

Effect of potential ordinary shares 
Employee share options (Note 21(a)) 

2023 
£ 

2022 
£ 

105,122,539 

105,122,539 

Diluted loss per share was the same as basic loss per share as no potential dilutive ordinary shares were 
outstanding for both the years ended 31 December 2023 and 2022.   

33 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 

13.    PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 

At 1 January 2023 
Depreciation for the year 
Exchange differences 

At 31 December 2023 

At 1 January 2022 
Additions for the year 
Depreciation for the year 
Exchange differences 

At 31 December 2022 

14. 

INVENTORIES 

Finished goods: 
Gross amount 
Allowance for obsolete inventories 

Office 
equipment 
£ 

Leasehold 
improvement 
£ 

Right-of-use 
Assets 
£ 

Total 
£ 

- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 

- 

1,159 
- 
(1,387) 
228 

- 

44,791 
(29,010) 
(1,603) 

14,178 

14,491 
59,721 
(33,359) 
3,938 

44,791 

44,791 
(29,010) 
(1,603) 

14,178 

15,650 
59,721 
(34,746) 
4,166 

44,791 

2023 
£ 

2022 
£ 

91,637       

  (42,413) 

49,224 

106,088 
- 

106,088 

34 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 

15.    TRADE RECEIVABLES, DEPOSIT, PREPAYMENT AND OTHER RECEIVABLES 

(a) 

Trade receivables 

Trade receivables – billed 
Less: Provision for impairment loss 

2022 
£ 

25,935 
(9,500) 

35,435 

2022 
£ 

26,430 
- 

26,430 

During the year, the Group has recognised a provision for impairment loss on trade receivables of 
£9,500 (2022: Nil). The Group normally grants credit periods of up to 90 days to its customers as 
approved by the management on a case by case basis. 

The ageing analysis of trade receivables - billed (net of loss allowance) based on invoice date at the 
end of the reporting period is as follows: 

Within 30 days 
31 to 60 days 
61 to 90 days 
91 to 180 days 

2023 
£ 

2022 
£ 

14,431 
1,769 
1,310 
17,925 

35,435 

  9,305   
  6,134   
  2,006   
  8,985   

26,430 

The  carrying  amount  of  the  Group’s  trade  receivables  as  at  31  December  2023  and  2022  was 
denominated in Hong Kond Dollars. 

(b)    Deposit,prepayments and other receivables 

Prepayments 
Deposit and other receivables 
Less: Provision for impairment loss 

2023 
£ 

32,684 
21,158 
(8,311) 

45,531 

2022 
£ 

35,814 
22,491 
- 

58,305 

35 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 

16. 

TRADE PAYABLES 

The following is an ageing analysis of trade payables presented based on the invoice date at the end of each 
reporting period: 

  Within 30 days 
  31 to 60 days 
  61 to 90 days 
  91 to 180 days 
  181 to 365 days 
  More than 365 days 

2023 
£ 

2022 
£ 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
36,110 

36,110 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
36,110 

36,110 

17.  AMOUNT DUE TO A DIRECTOR 

The amount was unsecured, interest-free and had no fixed terms of repayment. 

18.    LEASE LIABILITIES 

The total minimum lease liabilities under finance leases and their present values at the reporting date are as 
follows:   

Current portion: 
Gross finance lease liabilities   
Finance expense not recognised 

Non-current portion: 
Gross finance lease liabilities 
Finance expense not recognised 

The net finance lease liabilities are analysed as follows: 
-  Not later than 1 year   
-  Later than 1 year but not more than 5 years 

Net finance lease liabilities 

2023 
£ 

2022 
£ 

14,503 
(71) 

14,432 

- 
- 

- 

30,544 
(686) 

29,858 

15,272 
(75) 

15,197 

14,432 

45,055 

2023 
£ 

2022 
£ 

14,432 
- 

14,432 

29,858 
15,197 

45,055 

The interest on lease liabilities for the year ended 31 December 2023 was £666 (2022: £738). The Group 
does  not  recognise  right-of-use  assets  and  lease  liabilities  for  short-term  leases  and  leases  where  the 
underlying asset is of low value. The expenses for these leases for the year ended 31 December 2023 were 
£Nil (2022: £ Nil).   

36 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 

19.    SHARE CAPITAL 

2023 

Number of 
shares 

£ 

2022 

Number of 
shares 

Ordinary shares issued and 

fully paid 
At 1 January 
Issue of shares 

715,815,080 
- 

71,581 
- 

595,694,385 
120,120,695 

At 31 December 

715,815,080 

71,581 

715,815,080 

£ 

59,569 
12,012 

71,581 

On 20 December 2022, the Company has issued 115,211,604 new ordinary shares of 0.21 pence each to 
Mr.  Nelson  Law,  the  Company’s  Chairman  and  Chief  Financial  Officer,  for  the  conversion  of  the  loan 
owned to him of £241,944. 

On  4 April  2022,  the  Company  has  issued  4,909,091  new  ordinary  shares  of  the  Company  in  lieu  of 
professional service provided. 

20.  CAPITAL AND RESERVES 

The nature and purpose of equity and reserves are as follows: 

Share capital comprises the nominal value of the ordinary issued share capital of the Company. 

Share Premium represents consideration less nominal value of issued shares and costs directly attributable 
to the issue of new shares. 

37 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 

21. 

SHARE-BASED PAYMENTS 

(a) 

Share Options 

During  the  year  ended  31  December  2021,  the  Group  has  implemented  a  stock  option plan  (the 
“Plan”)  for  the  employees  and  directors,  which  awards  options  over  the  ordinary  share  of  the 
Company.  The  Board of  Directors  (the  “Board”)  approves all  grants  and  the  terms of  all  grants. 
Options awarded under the Plan generally vest on issue and exercisable over a period from one year 
after the grant date to four years after the grant date.   

The fair value of each option granted is estimated on grant date using the Black-Scholes option-
pricing model by applying the following assumptions: 

Share price 
Risk-free interest rate 
Expected life of warrant (years) 
Expected annualised volatility   
Expected dividend yield   

£0.0007 
0.0022% 
4 
0.66 
Nil 

For the year ended 31 December 2021, the Company recorded share-based compensation expenses 
in the amount of £357,417. 

At 31 December 2023 and 2022, the Group had 105,122,539 share options outstanding as follows. 

Date of 
Grant 

Exercise    Expiry 
start date    date   

Exercise    Number   
granted   
price 

19/10/2021  19/10/2021  18/10/2025 

0.7p 

Nil 

(b)    Shares issued for services 

On 4 April 2022, the Company has issued 4,909,091 new ordinary shares of the Company in lieu of 
professional service provided. 

22.  RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS 

(a)  Details of the compensation of key management personnel was disclosed in Note 10  to the financial 

statements. 

(b)  Apart from the balances with related parties at the end of the reporting period disclosed elsewhere in 
the financial statements, the Company had not entered into any significant related party transactions for 
the Year. 

38 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 

23. 

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS BY CATEGORY 

The totals for each category of financial instruments is as follows: 

Financial assets 
Financial assets at amortised cost 

Trade receivables 
Deposit and other receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents   

Financial liabilities 
Liabilities at amortised cost 

Trade payables 
Other payables and accrued expense 
Amounts due to directors 
Lease liabilities 

2023 
£ 

2022 
£ 

35,435 
12,847 
9,111 

57,393 

36,110 
630,524 
740,486 
14,432 

26,430 
22,491 
35,567 

    84,488 

36,110 
480,213 
  602,646 
45,055 

1,421,552 

1,164,024 

Prepayments are excluded from the summary above. 

24.  CHANGES IN LIABILITIES ARISING FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES 

At 1 January 
New lease 
Financing cash flows 
Exchange adjustment 

At 31 December 

25.  CAPITAL COMMITMENTS 

Lease liabilities 

2023 
£ 

2022 
£ 

45,055 
- 
(29,674) 
(949) 

14,432 

14,750 
59,721 
(33,582) 
4,166 

45,055 

There were no capital commitments as at the year ended 31 December 2023 (2022: Nil). 

39 

 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEALAND CAPITAL GALAXY LIMITED 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 

26.  DEREGISTRATION OF SUBSIDIARIES 

In April 2023, the Group deregistered the subsidiaries of Taohui Limited (PRC) and Ptp Media Limited 
(PRC). The principal activities of the subsidiaries are inactive. 

The following summarises the carrying amount of the assets and liabilities at the date of deregistration: 

Net liabilities of the deregistered subsidiaries 
Prepayments and other receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Other payables and accrued expenses 

Gain on deregistration of subsidiaries 

Net cash flow on deregistration of subsidiaries 

Net outflow of cash and cash equivalents 

£ 

381 
1,013 
(42,601) 

(41,207) 

41,207 

- 

- 

(381) 

27.  SUBSEQUENT EVENT 

On 26 January 2024, the Company has issued 9,090,909 new ordinary shares of the Company in lieu of 
professional service provided. The management expects share premium of approximately £9,000 will be 
generated as a result.   

40