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Shenandoah Telecommunications Company

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FY2021 Annual Report · Shenandoah Telecommunications Company
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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D. C. 20549
FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from__________ to __________

Commission File No.: 000-09881

SHENANDOAH TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANY

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Virginia
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

54-1162807
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

500 Shentel Way, Edinburg, Virginia    22824
(Address of principal executive offices)  (Zip Code)

(540) 984-4141  (Registrant's telephone number, including area code) 

SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(B) OF THE ACT:

Common Stock (No Par Value)

SHEN

NASDAQ Global Select Market

(Title of Class)

(Trading Symbol)

(Name of Exchange on which Registered)

50,048,651
(The number of shares of the registrant's common stock outstanding on
February 23, 2022)

SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(G) OF THE ACT: NONE

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.  Yes ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act.  Yes ☐  No  ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for
such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes ☒    No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter)
during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒    No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company.  See the
definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.                  

Large accelerated filer ☒           Accelerated filer ☐             Non-accelerated filer ☐            Smaller reporting company ☐ Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting
standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section
404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. Yes ☒    No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes ☐    No  ☒

The aggregate market value of the registrant’s voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant at June 30, 2021 based on the closing price of such stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on
such date was approximately $1.7 billion.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement relating to its 2022 annual meeting of shareholders (the “2022 Proxy Statement”) are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual
Report on Form 10-K where indicated. The 2022 Proxy Statement will be filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year to which this
report relates.

Auditor Name:

KPMG LLP

Auditor Location:

McLean, Virginia

Auditor Firm ID:

185

 
 
 
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SHENANDOAH TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANY
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Business
Risk Factors
Unresolved Staff Comments
Properties
Legal Proceedings

PART I

PART II

Market for the Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
[Reserved]
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
Controls and Procedures
Other Information

PART III

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Executive Compensation
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
Certain Relationships, Related Transactions and Director Independence
Principal Accounting Fees and Services

Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
Form 10-K Summary

PART IV

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F-30

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS:

PART I

This  annual  report  includes  forward-looking  statements  within  the  meaning  of  Section  27A  of  the  Securities  Act  of  1933,  as  amended  (the  “Securities
Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), regarding, among other things, our plans, strategies and
prospects, both business and financial including, without limitation, the forward-looking statements set forth in Part I. Item 1, under the heading “Business”
and in Part II. Item 7, under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in this annual report.
Although we believe that our plans, intentions and expectations reflected in or suggested by these forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot
assure you that we will achieve or realize these plans, intentions or expectations. Forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks, uncertainties
and assumptions, including, without limitation, the factors described in Part I. Item 1A, under “Risk Factors” and in Part II. Item 7, under the heading,
“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in this annual report. Many of the forward-looking statements
contained  in  this  annual  report  may  be  identified  by  the  use  of  forward‑looking  words  such  as  “believe,”  “expect,”  “anticipate,”  “should,”  “planned,”
“will,”  “may,”  “intend,”  “estimated,”  “aim,”  “on  track,”  “target,”  “opportunity,”  “tentative,”  “positioning,”  “designed,”  “create,”  “predict,”  “project,”
“initiatives,”  “seek,”  “would,”  “could,”  “continue,”  “ongoing,”  “upside,”  “increases”  and  “potential,”  among  others.  Important  factors  that  could  cause
actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements we make in this annual report are set forth in this annual report and in other reports
or documents that we file from time to time with the SEC, and include, but are not limited to:

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our ability to sustain and grow revenues and cash flow from operations by offering broadband internet, video, voice, cell tower space, fiber optic
network services and other services to residential and commercial customers, to adequately meet the customer demands in our service areas and to
maintain  and  grow  our  customer  base,  particularly  in  the  face  of  increasingly  aggressive  competition,  the  need  for  innovation  and  the  related
capital expenditures;
the  impact  of  competition  from  other  market  participants,  including  but  not  limited  to  fiber  to  the  home  providers,  incumbent  telephone
companies, direct broadcast satellite ("DBS") operators, wireless broadband and telephone providers, digital subscriber line (“DSL”) providers,
incumbent  cable  providers,  video  provided  over  the  Internet  by  (i)  market  participants  that  have  not  historically  competed  in  the  multichannel
video  business,  (ii)  traditional  multichannel  video  distributors,  and  (iii)  content  providers  that  have  historically  licensed  cable  networks  to
multichannel video distributors, and providers of advertising over the Internet;
the ability to acquire fiber optic cable, consumer premise equipment, and other materials and equipment in a timely manner needed to expand our
network and customer base and maintain our current operations;
the availability of cash on hand and access to capital to fund the growth of capital expenditures needed to execute our business plan,
natural disasters, pandemics and outbreaks of contagious diseases and other adverse public health developments, such as COVID-19;
general business conditions, inflation, economic uncertainty or downturn, unemployment levels and the level of activity in the housing sector;
our ability to obtain programming at reasonable prices or to raise prices to offset, in whole or in part, the effects of higher programming costs;
our  ability  to  develop  and  deploy  new  products  and  technologies  including  mobile  products  and  any  other  consumer  services  and  service
platforms;
any events that disrupt our networks, information systems or properties and impair our operating activities or our reputation;
the ability to retain and hire key personnel;
our ability to comply with all covenants in our credit facility, any violation of which, if not cured in a timely manner, could trigger an event of
default.

All forward-looking statements attributable to us or any person acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement.
We are under no duty or obligation to update any of the forward-looking statements after the date of this annual report.

Unless  we  indicate  otherwise,  references  in  this  report  to  “we,”  “us,”  “our,”  “Shentel”  and  “the  Company”  means  Shenandoah  Telecommunications
Company and its subsidiaries.

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS

Our Company

Shenandoah  Telecommunications  Company  (“Shentel”,  “we”,  “our”,  “us”,  or  the  “Company”),  provides  broadband  services  through  its  high
speed, state-of-the-art cable, fiber-optic and fixed wireless networks to customers in the Mid-Atlantic United States. The Company's services
include: broadband internet, video, and voice; fiber-optic Ethernet, wavelength and leasing; and tower colocation leasing. The Company owns
an  extensive  regional  network  with  over  7,400  route  miles  of  fiber  and  over  220  macro  cellular  towers.  For  more  information,  please  visit
www.shentel.com.

Description of Business

Broadband Reporting Segment

Our Broadband segment provides broadband internet, video and voice services to residential and commercial customers in portions of Virginia,
West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Kentucky, via fiber optic services under the brand name of Glo Fiber, hybrid fiber coaxial cable
under the brand name of Shentel, and fixed wireless network services under the brand name of Beam. The Broadband segment also leases dark
fiber  and  provides  Ethernet  and  wavelength  fiber  optic  services  to  enterprise  and  wholesale  customers  throughout  the  entirety  of  our  service
area. The Broadband segment also provides voice and DSL telephone services to customers in Virginia’s Shenandoah County and portions of
adjacent counties as a Rural Local Exchange Carrier (“RLEC”). These integrated networks are connected by an approximately 7,400 fiber route
mile network. The Broadband segment served 203,655 Revenue Generating Units ("RGUs") at December 31, 2021, representing an increase of
8.2%, from December 31, 2020. 

Tower Reporting Segment

Our  Tower  segment  owns  over  220  macro  cell  towers  and  leases  colocation  space  on  the  towers  to  wireless  communications  providers.
Substantially all of our owned towers are built on ground that we lease from the respective landlords.

Competition

Broadband competition
As the incumbent cable provider passing over 211,000 homes, we primarily compete directly against the incumbent local telephone companies
such as Lumen Technologies, Inc. (CenturyLink, Inc.), Frontier Communications Corp. and Verizon, who are generally provisioning broadband
services over hybrid fiber and copper-based networks, and indirectly from wireless substitution as the bandwidth speeds from wireless providers
have increased with network upgrades to 4  and 5   generation  technology.  Our  Fiber  to  the  Home  (“Glo  Fiber”)  service  passes  over  75,000
homes and is competing against the incumbent local telephone company such as Verizon with hybrid fiber and copper-based networks and the
incumbent  cable  company  such  as  Comcast  utilizing  hybrid  fiber  coaxial  networks.  Our  recently  launched  fixed  wireless  broadband  service
(“Beam”)  passes  over  28,000  homes  and  is  competing  against  satellite  providers,  other  fixed  wireless  providers,  mobile  wireless  service
providers and in certain cases the incumbent local telephone company with hybrid fiber and copper-based network.

th

th

Competition  is  also  intense  and  growing  in  the  market  for  video  services.  Incumbent  cable  television  companies,  which  have  historically
provided video service, face competition from direct broadcast satellite providers such as Dish and DirecTV and on-line video services, such as
Netflix, YouTube TV, Hulu, Disney and Amazon. Our ability to compete effectively with our competitors in video will depend, in part, on price,
content cost and variety and the convenience of our service offerings.

A continuing trend toward consolidation, mergers, acquisitions and strategic alliances in the telecommunications industry could also increase
the level of competition we face by further strengthening of our competitors.

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Tower competition
We compete with other public tower companies, such as American Tower Co., Crown Castle International Corp., SBA Communications Corp.,
and private tower companies, private equity sponsored firms, carrier-affiliated tower companies, and owners of other alternative structures. We
believe  that  site  location  and  capacity,  price,  and  leasing  terms  have  been,  and  will  continue  to  be,  significant  competitive  factors  affecting
owners, operators and managers of communications sites.

Regulation

Our  operations  are  subject  to  regulation  by  the  Federal  Communications  Commission  (“FCC”),  the  Virginia  State  Corporation  Commission
(“VSCC”),  the  West  Virginia  Public  Service  Commission,  the  Maryland  Public  Service  Commission,  the  Pennsylvania  Public  Utility
Commission,  the  Kentucky  Public  Service  Commission  and  other  federal,  state,  and  local  governmental  agencies. The  laws  governing  these
agencies, and the regulations and policies that they administer, are subject to constant review and revision, and some of these changes could
have material impacts on our revenues and expenses.

Regulation of Broadband Internet and Cable Video Services

We provide broadband internet, cable and fiber services to residential and business customers in franchise areas covering portions of Virginia,
West Virginia, western Maryland, central Pennsylvania and eastern Kentucky.

The provision of cable service generally is subject to regulation by the FCC, and cable operators typically also must comply with the terms of
the  franchise  agreement  between  the  cable  operator  and  the  state  or  local  franchising  authority.  Some  states,  including  Virginia  and  West
Virginia, have enacted regulations and franchise provisions that also can affect certain aspects of a cable operator’s operations. Our business can
be significantly impacted by changes to the existing regulatory framework, whether triggered by legislative, administrative, or judicial rulings.

The FCC originally classified broadband Internet access services, such as those we offer, as an information service, which by law exempts the
service  from  traditional  common  carrier  communications  laws  and  regulations.  In  2015,  the  FCC  determined  that  broadband  Internet  access
services, such as those we offer, were a form of telecommunications service under the Communications Act and, on that basis, imposed rules
(commonly  referred  to  as  "Net  Neutrality"  rules)  banning  service  providers  from  blocking  access  to  lawful  content,  restricting  data  rates  for
downloading lawful content, prohibiting the attachment of non-harmful devices, giving special transmission priority to affiliates, and offering
third parties the ability to pay for priority routing. The 2015 rules also imposed a transparency requirement, i.e., an obligation to disclose all
material terms and conditions of our service to consumers.

In  2017,  the  FCC  adopted  an  order  repudiating  its  treatment  of  broadband  as  a  telecommunications  service,  reclassifying  broadband  as  an
information service, and eliminating the 2015 rules other than the transparency requirement, which it eased in significant ways. The FCC also
ruled that state regulators may not impose obligations similar to federal obligations that the FCC removed. In 2019, the U.S. Court of Appeals
for the District of Columbia upheld the information service reclassification, but vacated the FCC’s blanket prohibition of state utility regulation
of broadband services. The court left open the possibility that individual state laws could still be deemed preempted on a case-by-case basis if it
is  shown  that  they  conflict  with  federal  law.  In  October  2020  the  FCC,  responding  to  the  court’s  remand  order,  issued  a  further  decision
clarifying  certain  aspects  of  its  earlier  order.  In  this  decision  the  FCC  re-classified  broadband  internet  access  service  as  an  unregulated
information service, thus eliminating all federal regulatory "network neutrality" obligations beyond requiring broadband providers to accurately
disclose network management practices, performance, and commercial terms of service. These issues may be revisited by the FCC in the current
administration. At the same time, several states (including California, but not anywhere we operate) have adopted state obligations replacing the
Internet access (“net neutrality” type) obligations that the FCC removed, and we expect that additional states will consider the imposition of
new  regulations  on  Internet  services  like  those  that  we  offer.  For  example,  New  York  adopted  legislation  that  would  have  required  Internet
service providers to offer a discounted Internet service to qualifying low-income consumers, but a federal district judge enjoined enforcement as
likely to be deemed rate regulation of Internet service that would be preempted by federal law. Other state laws and regulations may be adopted
in the future, but will likely be subject to legal challenges. California’s legislation has been challenged in court. We cannot predict how any such
state legislation and court challenges will be resolved. Various governmental jurisdictions are also considering additional regulations in these
and other areas, such as privacy, pricing, service and product quality, imposition of local franchise fees on Internet-related revenue and

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taxation.  The  adoption  of  new  Internet  regulations  or  the  adaptation  of  existing  laws  to  the  Internet,  including  potential  liability  for  the
infringing activities of Internet subscribers, could adversely affect our business.

Moreover, irrespective of these cases, and as recent history has shown, it is possible that the FCC might further revise its approach to broadband
Internet access in the future, or that Congress might enact legislation affecting the rules applicable to the service.

As the Internet has matured, it has become the subject of increasing regulatory interest. Congress and Federal regulators have adopted a wide
range of measures directly or potentially affecting Internet use. The adoption of new Internet regulations or policies could adversely affect our
business.

On  January  29,  2015,  the  FCC,  in  a  nation-wide  proceeding  evaluating  whether  advanced  broadband  is  being  deployed  in  a  reasonable  and
timely fashion, increased the minimum connection speeds required to qualify as advanced broadband service to 25 Mbps for downloads and 3
Mbps for uploads. As a result, the FCC concluded that advanced broadband was not being sufficiently deployed and initiated a new inquiry into
what  steps  it  might  take  to  encourage  broadband  deployment.  This  action  may  lead  the  FCC  to  adopt  additional  measures  affecting  our
broadband  business.  The  FCC  has  ongoing  proceedings  to  allocate  additional  spectrum  for  advanced  wireless  service,  which  could  provide
additional wireless competition to our broadband business.

Federal and state governments have launched numerous programs to provide subsidies for the construction of high-speed broadband facilities to
unserved homes that do not have access to broadband service of 25 Mbps for downloads and 3 Mbps for uploads. The largest of these is the
recently enacted $42.5 billion appropriation in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act for broadband construction and adoption programs
that prioritize currently unserved areas. In addition, funding from the recently adopted American Rescue Plan Act, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief,
and  Economic  Security  Act,  and  the  FCC’s  Rural  Digital  Opportunities  Fund,  and  state  programs  such  as  the  Virginia  Telecommunications
Initiative (VATI) and West Virginia Broadband Development Fund are likely to subsidize broadband construction to unserved homes.

On January 30, 2020, the FCC adopted an order approving the Rural Digital Opportunity Fund (RDOF) to disburse $20.4 billion over the course
of ten years to subsidize the deployment of networks for the provision of high-speed broadband internet access and voice services in unserved
areas via a reverse auction, some of which may be directed to competitive providers in some of the states in which we operate. We prevailed as a
winning bidder in the first RDOF auction of approximately $5.9 million in Virginia and West Virginia to provide broadband and voice service to
unserved areas. Final award of that support is subject to further FCC review of the Company’s long-form application and supporting materials.
In addition, our ability to receive this support is dependent upon satisfying network build out, service delivery and other obligations under FCC
regulations. Following release of the auction award winners, the FCC asked some companies to reconsider whether the areas they targeted for
deployment were in fact unserved. We have considered that question in certain areas where the company won RDOF funding and have filed a
request with the FCC seeking relief from the obligations to build networks in certain areas that will soon be, or already are, served by other
providers. We may be subject to penalties or other adverse action if the FCC does not grant the requested relief.

In 2021, Congress passed the America Rescue Plan Act that provided $1.0 billion in funding to the states in which we operate for broadband
infrastructure expansion. In November 2021, Congress passed the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act that will provide an additional $42.5
billion  to  states  to  fund  broadband  construction  and  adoption  programs  that  prioritize  the  expansion  of  high-speed  broadband  to  unserved
markets across the country. With the influx of government grants now available to subsidize broadband fiber to the home (FTTH) construction,
we decided to cease our expansion of our Beam fixed wireless network as it is not designed to compete against the faster broadband services
offered by fiber networks. Competitors that are awarded funds to serve unserved areas near our network may by necessity or choice build new
facilities  that  pass  through  our  existing  service  territories,  which  could  result  in  increased  competition  for  our  broadband  service  offerings.
Federal Treasury guidance on utilizing funds will be based on a broadband definition of 100 mbps download and 20 mbps upload speeds. These
speeds could limit the efficiency of utilizing some types of broadband services like fixed wireless. These definitions and the competitive bidding
for build out to underserved markets by other internet service providers could put at risk our current fixed wireless deployments, including the
plans to build out our RDOF awarded bids.

Our  Beam  Internet  service  is  provisioned  over  a  fixed  wireless  network  using  radio  spectrum  licensed,  or  available  to,  the  Company.  Beam
Internet service is directly or indirectly subject to many of the same regulations discussed in

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this  section,  including  but  not  limited  to  spectrum  allocation  and  licensing,  disclosure  of  network  management  practices,  consumer  privacy,
cybersecurity, facilities siting, pole attachments, accessibility and various consumer protection requirements.

Pricing and Packaging. Our cable services are no longer subject to rate regulation and our Internet services have never been rate-regulated. In
December 2020 these services became subject to a federal law requiring itemization of certain charges in notices and invoices to customers, and
we  must  also  comply  with  generally-applicable  marketing  and  advertising  requirements.  Congress  and  the  FCC  from  time  to  time  have
considered imposing new pricing, packaging and consumer protection restrictions on cable operators. We cannot predict whether or when any
such new marketing restrictions may be imposed on us or what effect they would have on our ability to provide cable service.

Must-Carry/Retransmission Consent. Local broadcast television stations can require a cable operator to carry their signals pursuant to federal
“must-carry” requirements. Alternatively, local television stations may require that a cable operator obtain “retransmission consent” for carriage
of the station’s signal, which can enable a popular local television station to obtain concessions from the cable operator for the right to carry the
station’s signal. Although some local television stations today are carried by cable operators under the must-carry obligation, popular broadcast
network affiliated stations, such as ABC, CBS, FOX, CW and NBC, typically are carried pursuant to retransmission consent agreements. The
retransmission  consent  costs  charged  by  broadcast  networks  affiliate  stations  have  increased  dramatically  over  the  past  decade.  We  cannot
predict the extent to which such retransmission consent costs may increase in the future or the effect such cost increases may have on our ability
to provide cable service.

Copyright Fees.  Cable  operators  pay  compulsory  copyright  fees,  in  addition  to  possible  retransmission  consent  fees,  to  retransmit  broadcast
programming.  Although  the  cable  compulsory  copyright  license  has  been  in  place  for  more  than  45  years,  there  have  been  legislative  and
regulatory  proposals  to  modify  or  even  replace  the  compulsory  license  with  privately  negotiated  licenses.  We  cannot  predict  whether  such
proposals will be enacted and how they might affect our business.

Programming  Costs.  Non-broadcast  channels  (including  satellite-delivered  cable  programming,  such  as  ESPN,  HBO  and  the  Discovery
Channel) are not subject to must-carry/retransmission consent regulations or a compulsory copyright license. The Company negotiates directly
or through the National Cable Television Cooperative (“NCTC”) with these cable programmers for the right to carry their programming. The
cost of acquiring the right to carry cable programming can increase as programmers demand rate increases.

Franchise Matters.  Cable  and  FTTH  operators  generally  must  apply  for  and  obtain  non-exclusive  franchises  from  local  or  state  franchising
authorities before providing video and data services. The terms and conditions of franchises vary among jurisdictions, but franchises generally
last for a fixed term and are subject to renewal, require the cable operator to collect a franchise fee of as much as 5% of the cable operator’s
gross revenue from video services, and contain certain service quality and customer service obligations. We believe that our ability to obtain
franchise or our franchise renewal prospects are generally favorable but cannot guarantee the initial franchise award or future renewal of any
individual  franchise.  A  significant  number  of  states  today  have  processes  in  place  for  obtaining  state-wide  franchises,  and  legislation  and
regulation have been introduced from time to time in Congress, the FCC, and in various states, including those in which we provide some form
of  video  or  data  service,  that  would  modify  franchising  processes,  potentially  lowering  barriers  to  entry  and  increasing  competition  in  the
marketplace  for  video  services.  The  states  in  which  we  currently  operate  largely  leave  franchising  responsibility  in  the  hands  of  local
municipalities and counties, but they govern the local government entities’ award of such franchises and their conduct of franchise negotiations.
We cannot predict the extent to which these rules and other developments will accelerate the pace of new entry into the video or data market or
the effect, if any, they may have on our FTTH and cable operations.

Federal law imposes a 5% cap on franchise fees. In 2019, the FCC clarified that the value of in-kind contribution requirements set forth in cable
franchises (such as channel capacity set aside for public, educational and governmental (PEG) use or free cable service to public buildings) is
subject to the statutory cap on franchise fees, and it reaffirmed that state and local authorities are barred from imposing franchise fees on cable
systems providing non-cable services such as Internet services. Those rules were upheld by a federal court in 2021 but the court limited the
amount of the in-kind franchise fee contribution credit to the operator’s marginal costs rather than its market valuation.

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Pole Attachments. The Communications Act requires investor-owned ("IO") utilities and telecommunications carriers to provide cable systems
with access to poles and conduits and simultaneously subjects the rates, terms and conditions of access to either federal or state regulation. The
FCC rules do not directly affect pole attachment rates in states that self-regulate (rather than allow the FCC to regulate) pole rates, but many of
those states have substantially the same rate for cable and telecommunications attachments. Kentucky, Pennsylvania and West Virginia, three
states in which we operate, self-regulate IO pole attachments but do so in using essentially the same rate formula and other pole attachment
rules as the FCC. The FCC pole attachment rules also do not govern government or cooperatively owned utilities. States, however, are free to
regulate such utilities and some do. Of the states in which Shentel operates, Virginia and Kentucky currently regulate cooperatively owned pole
attachments. In 2018, the FCC interpreted another federal law governing state and local regulation of public rights of way to impose cost-based
limitations on what government entities may charge for pole attachments. This interpretation was upheld against challenge by the United States
Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.

In 2018, the FCC adopted rules to permit a "one-touch" make-ready process for poles subject to its jurisdiction. The "one touch" make-ready
rules  allow  new  attachers  to  alter  certain  components  of  existing  attachments  for  "simple  make-ready"  (i.e.  where  the  alteration  of  existing
attachments does not involve a reasonable expectation of a service outage, splicing, pole replacement or relocation of a wireless attachment).
The  rules  are  intended  to  promote  broadband  deployment  and  competition  by  facilitating  competing  communications  providers'  service
deployment. Certain aspects of the rules are still pending reconsideration at the FCC. Other aspects were upheld against challenge by the United
States  Court  of  Appeals  for  the  Ninth  Circuit.  Although  Kentucky,  West  Virginia  and  Pennsylvania  self-regulate,  each  of  these  states  have
adopted the FCC’s “one touch” make-ready rules.

Privacy. The Company is subject to various federal and state laws intended to protect the privacy of end-users who subscribe to the Company’s
services.  For  example,  the  Communications  Act  of  1934,  as  amended  (the  “Communications  Act”),  limits  our  ability  to  collect,  use,  and
disclose customers’ personally identifiable information for our cable television/video, voice, and Internet services. We are subject to additional
federal, state, and local laws and regulations that impose additional restrictions on the collection, use and disclosure of consumer information.
Further,  the  FCC,  the  Federal  Trade  Commission  (“FTC”),  and  many  states  regulate  and  restrict  the  marketing  practices  of  communications
service providers, including telemarketing and sending unsolicited commercial emails. The FCC also has regulations that place restrictions on
the  permissible  uses  that  we  can  make  of  customer-specific  information,  known  as  Customer  Proprietary  Network  Information  (“CPNI”),
received from telecommunications service subscribers, and that govern procedures for release of such information in order to prevent identity
theft schemes. Other laws impose criminal and other penalties for the violation of certain CPNI requirements and related privacy protections.
The FCC or other regulators may expand these duties. For example, the FCC is currently considering a proposal to expand the CPNI breach
reporting obligations for VoIP and telecommunications providers.

As a result of the FCC’s December 2017 decision to reclassify broadband Internet access service as an “information service,” the FTC has the
authority to enforce against unfair or deceptive acts and practices, to protect the privacy of Internet service customers, including our use and
disclosure of certain customer information.

Many states and local authorities have considered legislative or other actions that would impose additional restrictions on our ability to collect,
use and disclose certain information. California’s Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) and associated regulations, which became effective in 2020,
and the California Privacy Rights Act, which amended the CCPA and comes into effect in January 2023, under certain circumstances regulate
the collection, use, retention, sale and disclosure of the personal information of California consumers, grants California consumers certain rights
to, among other things, access, correct and delete data about them in certain circumstances, and authorizes enforcement actions by the California
Attorney  General,  the  new  California  Privacy  Protection  Agency,  and  certain  limited  private  class  actions.  Compliance  with  the  CCPA  may
increase the cost of providing our services to customers who may be residents in California and increase our litigation exposure. In 2020 the
Virginia State government enacted a new consumer privacy law. Firms are expected to come into compliance by January 2023. The Virginia
privacy law imposes requirements on companies, like Shentel, regarding the handling of consumer data, including a requirement to conduct data
protection  impact  assessments;  obtain  opt-in  consent  from  consumers  to  use  sensitive  personal  information;  and  allow  consumers  to  access,
delete,  correct,  and  port  their  data,  among  other  things.  We  will  be  working  through  2022  to  bring  operations  in  compliance  with  the  new
Virginia law. In 2021, Colorado enacted the Colorado Privacy Act, modeled largely after its predecessor in Virginia and in part after the CCPA ,
which  will  go  into  effect  on  July  1,  2023.  We  expect  continued  federal  and  other  state  efforts  to  regulate  online  privacy,  data  security  and
cybersecurity to continue in 2022. We cannot predict whether any of these efforts will be successful, or how new legislation and regulations, if
any, would affect our business. These efforts have the

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potential to create a patchwork of differing and/or conflicting state and/or federal regulations, and to increase the cost of providing our services.

In addition, restrictions exist, and new restrictions are considered from time to time by Congress, federal agencies and states, on the extent to
which customers may receive unsolicited telemarketing calls, text messages, junk e-mail or spam. Congress, federal agencies and certain states
also are considering, and may in the future consider imposing, additional requirements on entities that possess consumer information to protect
the privacy of consumers. The Company is required to file an annual certification of compliance with the FCC’s CPNI rules. Complying with
these requirements may impose costs on the Company or compel the Company to alter the way it provides or promotes its services.

Accessibility. The FCC imposes obligations on multi-channel video programming distributors ("MVPDs"), intended to ensure that individuals
with  disabilities  are  able  to  access  and  use  video  programming  services  and  equipment.  FCC  rules  require  video  programming  delivered  on
MVPD systems to be closed captioned unless exempt and require MVPDs to pass through captions to consumers and to take all steps needed to
monitor and maintain equipment to ensure that captioning reaches the consumer intact. Video programming delivered over the Internet must be
captioned if it was delivered previously on television with captions. An MVPD must also pass through audio description provided in broadcast
and non-broadcast programming if it has the technical capability to do so, unless it is using the required technology for another purpose. FCC
rules  also  require  MVPDs  to  ensure  that  critical  details  about  emergencies  conveyed  in  video  programming  are  accessible  to  persons  with
disabilities,  and  that  video  programming  guides  are  accessible  to  persons  who  are  blind  or  visually  impaired.  We  cannot  predict  if  or  when
additional changes will be made to the current FCC accessibility rules, or whether and how such changes will affect us.

Voice over Internet Protocol "VoIP" Services. We provide voice communications services over our cable network utilizing interconnected VoIP
technology  and  service  arrangements.  Although  similar  to  telephone  service  in  some  ways,  our  VoIP  service  arrangement  utilizes  different
technology  and  is  subject  to  many  of  the  same  rules  and  regulations  applicable  to  traditional  telephone  service.  The  FCC  order  adopted  on
October  27,  2011  established  rules  governing  intercarrier  compensation  payments  for  the  origination  and  termination  of  telephone  traffic
between  carriers  and  VoIP  providers.  In  May  2014  the  United  States  Court  of  Appeals  for  the  Tenth  Circuit  upheld  the  FCC  order  reducing
intercarrier  compensation  payments.  The  rules  have  substantially  decreased  intercarrier  compensation  payments  we  may  have  otherwise
received  over  a  multi-year  period.  The  decreases  over  the  multi-year  transition  have  affected  both  the  amounts  that  we  pay  to
telecommunications carriers and the amounts that we receive from other carriers. The schedule and magnitude of these decreases, however, has
varied depending on the nature of the carriers and the telephone traffic at issue. These changes have had a negative impact on our revenues and
expenses for voice services at particular times over this multi-year period.

Further regulatory changes are being considered that could impact our VoIP service. The FCC and state regulatory authorities have considered,
for example, whether certain common carrier regulations traditionally applied to incumbent local exchange carriers (including RLECs) should
be modified or reduced, and the extent to which common carrier requirements should be extended to VoIP providers. The FCC has required
VoIP  providers  to  comply  with  several  regulations  that  apply  to  other  telephone  services,  including  911  emergency  services,  the
Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act ("CALEA"), Universal Service Fund ("USF") contribution, customer privacy and CPNI
issues,  number  portability,  network  outage,  rural  call  completion,  disability  access,  battery  backup,  robocall  mitigation,  regulatory  fees,  and
discontinuance of service. We cannot predict whether the FCC will impose additional obligations on our VoIP services in the future.

Our  VoIP  telephone  services  are  also  subject  to  certain  state  and  local  regulatory  fees  such  as  E911  fees  and  contributions  to  state  universal
service  funds.  Although  we  believe  that  VoIP  telephone  services  should  otherwise  be  governed  only  by  federal  regulation,  some  states  have
attempted to subject cable VoIP services to state level regulation. In March 2007, a federal appeals court affirmed the FCC’s decision concerning
federal regulation of certain VoIP services, but declined to specifically find that VoIP service provided by cable companies, such as we provide,
should  be  regulated  only  at  the  federal  level.  As  a  result,  certain  states,  including  West  Virginia,  began  proceedings  to  subject  cable  VoIP
services  to  state-level  regulation.  Although  the  West  Virginia  proceeding  concluded  without  any  new  state-level  regulation,  it  is  difficult  to
predict whether it, or other state regulators, will continue to attempt to regulate our VoIP service. Some other state attempts to regulate VoIP
have  been  blocked  by  federal  courts  on  the  basis  of  the  FCC’s  preemption  of  certain  state  regulations  or  on  the  basis  that  VoIP  services  are
information services, but as with Internet services, there is uncertainty as to the extent to which courts will preempt state regulation in the future.

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We have registered with, or obtained certificates or authorizations from, the FCC and the state regulatory authorities in those states in which we
offer competitive voice services in order to ensure the continuity of our services and to maintain needed network interconnection arrangements.
Further, it is also unclear whether and how these and other ongoing regulatory matters ultimately will be resolved.

Other Issues. Our ability to provide video service may be affected by a wide range of additional regulatory and related issues, including FCC
regulations pertaining to licensing of systems and facilities, set-top boxes, equipment compatibility, program exclusivity blackouts, commercial
leased  access  of  video  channels  by  unaffiliated  third  parties,  advertising,  maintenance  of  online  public  files,  accessibility  to  persons  with
disabilities, emergency alerts, equal employment opportunity, privacy, consumer protection, and technical standards. Further, the FCC recently
adopted a plan to reallocate for other purposes certain spectrum currently used by satellite providers to deliver video programming to individual
cable systems, which could be disruptive to the satellite video delivery platform we rely upon to provide our video services. We cannot predict
the nature and pace of these and other developments or the effect they may have on our operations.

Regulation of Shenandoah Telephone Company ("Shenandoah Telephone")

State Regulation. Shenandoah Telephone Company is a rural incumbent local exchange carrier (“RLEC”) serving Shenandoah County, Virginia
and portions of Rockingham and Augusta County Virginia. Shenandoah Telephone’s rates for local exchange service, intrastate toll service, and
intrastate access charges are subject to the approval of the Virginia State Corporation Commission, ("VSCC"). The VSCC also establishes and
oversees  implementation  of  certain  provisions  of  the  federal  and  state  telecommunications  laws,  including  interconnection  requirements,
promotion  of  competition,  and  consumer  protection  standards.  The  VSCC  also  regulates  rates,  service  areas,  service  standards,  accounting
methods, affiliated transactions and certain other financial transactions. Pursuant to the FCC’s October 27, 2011 order adopting comprehensive
reforms  to  the  federal  intercarrier  compensation  and  universal  service  policies  and  rules  (as  discussed  above  and  further  below),  the  FCC
preempted state regulatory commissions’ jurisdiction over all terminating access charges, including intrastate terminating access charges, which
historically have been within the states’ jurisdiction. However, the FCC vested in the states the obligation to monitor the tariffing of intrastate
rate reductions for a transition period, to oversee interconnection negotiations and arbitrations, and to determine the network edge, subject to
FCC guidance, for purposes of the new “bill-and-keep” framework. A federal appeals court has affirmed the decision. The outcome of those
further challenges could modify or delay the effectiveness of the FCC’s rule changes. In 2017 the FCC initiated a further proceeding to consider
whether additional changes to interconnection obligations are needed, including how and where companies interconnect their networks with the
networks  of  other  providers.  Although  we  are  unable  to  predict  the  ultimate  effect  that  the  FCC’s  order  will  have  on  the  state  regulatory
landscape or our operations, the rules may decrease or eliminate revenue sources or otherwise limit our ability to recover the full value of our
network assets.

Interconnection.  Federal  law  and  FCC  regulations  impose  certain  obligations  on  incumbent  local  exchange  carriers  (including  RLECs)  to
interconnect their networks with other telecommunications providers (either directly or indirectly) and to enter into interconnection agreements
with certain types of telecommunications providers. Interconnection agreements typically are negotiated on a statewide basis and are subject to
state  approval.  If  an  agreement  cannot  be  reached,  parties  to  interconnection  negotiations  can  submit  unresolved  issues  to  federal  or  state
regulators  for  arbitration.  Disputes  regarding  intercarrier  compensation  can  be  brought  in  a  number  of  forums  (depending  on  the  nature  and
jurisdiction of the dispute) including state public utility commissions ("PUCs"), the FCC, and the courts. The Company is working to resolve
routine interconnection and intercarrier compensation-related disputes concerning the volume of traffic exchanged between the Company and
third parties, appropriate access rates, and terms for the origination and termination of traffic on third-party networks.

Regulation of Intercarrier Compensation. Shenandoah Telephone participates in the access revenue pools administered by the FCC-supervised
National Exchange Carrier Association (“NECA”), which collects and distributes the revenues from interstate access charges that long-distance
carriers pay us for originating and terminating interstate calls over our network. Shenandoah Telephone also participates in some NECA tariffs
that govern the rates, terms, and conditions of our interstate access offerings. Some of those tariffs are under review by the FCC, and we may be
obligated  to  refund  affected  access  charges  collected  in  the  past  or  in  the  future  if  the  FCC  ultimately  finds  that  the  tariffed  rates  were
unreasonable. We cannot predict whether, when, and to what extent such refunds may be due.

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On October 27, 2011, the FCC adopted a number of broad changes to the intercarrier compensation rules governing the interstate access rates
charged by small-to-mid-sized RLECs such as Shenandoah Telephone that have had a material impact on our revenues. For example, the FCC
adopted a national “bill-and-keep” framework, which will result in substantial reductions in the access charges paid by long distance carriers
and other interconnecting carriers, possibly to zero, accompanied by increases to the subscriber line charges paid by business and residential end
users. In addition, the FCC has changed some of the rules that determine what compensation voice service providers, including but not limited
to wireless carriers, competitive local exchange carriers, VoIP providers and providers of other Internet-enabled services, should pay and receive
for originating and terminating traffic that is interconnected with RLEC networks.

The VSCC has jurisdiction over local telephone companies’ intrastate intercarrier compensation rates, and has indicated in the past that it might
open a generic proceeding on the rates charged for intrastate access, although the scope and likelihood of such a proceeding is unclear in light of
the FCC’s overhaul of the intercarrier compensation rules (discussed above), which affect states’ jurisdiction over intrastate access charges.

Universal  Service  Fund.  Shenandoah  Telephone  receives  disbursements  from  the  federal  USF.  In  October  2011,  the  FCC  adopted
comprehensive changes to the universal service program. Some of the FCC’s reforms impact the rules that govern disbursements from the USF
to  RLECs  such  as  Shenandoah  Telephone,  and  to  other  providers.  These  rules  have  resulted  in  a  substantial  decrease  in  intercarrier
compensation payments over a multi-year period. The Company is not able to predict if or when additional changes will be made to the USF, or
whether and how such changes would affect the extent of our total federal universal service assessments, the amounts we receive, or our ability
to recover costs associated with the USF.

If  the  Universal  Service  Administrative  Company  (“USAC”)  were  required  to  account  for  the  USF  program  in  accordance  with  generally
accepted accounting principles for federal agencies under the Anti-Deficiency Act (the “ADA”), it could cause delays in USF payments to fund
recipients  and  significantly  increase  the  amount  of  USF  contribution  payments  charged  to  wireline  and  wireless  consumers.  Each  year  since
2004, Congress has adopted short-term exemptions for the USAC from the ADA. Congress has from time to time considered adopting a longer
term exemption for the USAC from the ADA, but we cannot predict whether any such exemption will be adopted or the effect it may have on
the Company.

In 2012, the FCC released an order making substantial changes to the rules and regulations governing the federal USF Lifeline Program, which
provides  discounted  telephone  services  to  low  income  consumers.  The  order  imposes  greater  recordkeeping  and  reporting  obligations,  and
generally subjects providers of Lifeline-supported services to greater oversight. In 2016, the FCC released a second substantial Lifeline order
that amended the program to provide support for broadband services and phase out support for voice services. Included among the new rules
was a requirement that any eligible telecommunications carrier ("ETC") which offered broadband service, on its own or through an affiliate,
must also offer Lifeline-supported broadband service. Due to this requirement, our Company began offering Lifeline-supported broadband in
areas  where  it  operates  as  an  ETC.  In  2017,  the  FCC  released  a  Lifeline  order  that  included  clarifications  to  the  2016  Lifeline  order  and
proposed reforms aimed at improving program integrity. As a result of our Company providing Lifeline-supported services, we are subject to
increased reporting and recordkeeping requirements, and could be subject to increased regulatory oversight, investigations or audits.

In May 2021, the FCC introduced the temporary Emergency Broadband Benefit ("EBB") program to help qualifying disadvantaged households
pay for Internet service. The EBB program provides a subsidy of up to $50 per month toward Internet service to the service provider for most
eligible low-income households that elect the benefit and demonstrate their qualification. Congress extended this benefit indefinitely through the
new  Affordable  Connectivity  Program  (ACP)  that  in  2022  is  replacing  EBB  with  a  $30  subsidy  for  service  provided  to  most  of  the  same
consumers. These programs are beneficial to participating service providers by increasing the number of customers who can afford and pay for
Internet services. At the same time, participation entails some risk because subsidies will not be received if the customer switches to another
provider  or  if  the  service  provider  does  not  fulfill  all  program  requirements.  Non-participation  would  make  it  more  difficult  to  compete  as
effectively for business from low-income consumers. The FCC, USAC and other authorities have conducted, and in the future are expected to
continue  to  conduct,  more  extensive  audits  of  USF  support  recipients,  as  well  as  other  heightened  oversight  activities.  The  impact  of  these
activities on the Company, if any, is uncertain.

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Other Regulatory Obligations.  Shenandoah  Telephone  is  subject  to  requirements  relating  to  CPNI,  CALEA  implementation,  interconnection,
access to rights of way, number portability, number pooling, accessibility of telecommunications for those with disabilities, robocalls mitigation,
and protection for consumer privacy.

The  FCC  and  other  authorities  continue  to  consider  policies  to  encourage  nationwide  advanced  broadband  infrastructure  development.  For
example, the FCC has largely deregulated DSL and other broadband services offered by RLECs. Such changes benefit our RLEC, but could
make it more difficult for us (or for NECA) to tariff and pool DSL costs. Broadband networks and services are subject to CALEA rules, network
management disclosure and prohibitions, requirements relating to consumer privacy, and other regulatory mandates.

911  Services.  We  are  subject  to  FCC  rules  that  require  telecommunications  carriers  to  make  emergency  911  services  available  to  their
subscribers,  including  enhanced  911  services  that  convey  the  caller’s  telephone  number  and  detailed  location  information  to  emergency
responders. In December 2013 the FCC adopted a rule requiring all 911 service providers that serve a public safety answering point (a "PSAP")
or other local emergency responder, to take reasonable measures to ensure 911 circuit diversity, availability of backup power at central offices
that directly serve PSAPs, and diversity of network monitoring links. Further, in August 2019 the FCC adopted new 911-related requirements
for  service  providers  offering  customers  multiline  telephone  system  solutions  to  business  and  enterprise  customers.  These  new  requirements
require  Shentel  to  take  certain  additional  action  to  ensure  emergency  responders  can  properly  respond  to  911  calls,  such  as  the  delivery  of
specific location information and notices.

Long Distance Services. We offer long distance service to our customers through our subsidiary, Shenandoah Cable Television, LLC. Our long
distance rates are not subject to FCC regulation, but we are required to offer long distance service through a subsidiary other than Shenandoah
Telephone, to disclose our long distance rates on a website, to maintain geographically averaged rates, to pay contributions to the USF and make
other  mandatory  payments  based  on  our  long-distance  revenues,  and  to  comply  with  other  filing  and  regulatory  requirements.  In  November
2013 the FCC issued an order imposing greater recordkeeping and reporting obligations on certain long distance providers delivering calls to
rural  areas.  The  order  imposes  greater  recordkeeping  and  quarterly  reporting  obligations  on  such  providers,  and  generally  subjects  such
providers to greater oversight.

Regulation of Our Other Services

Transfers, Assignments and Changes of Control of Spectrum Licenses. The FCC must give prior approval to the assignment of ownership or
control of a spectrum license, as well as transfers involving substantial changes in such ownership or control. The FCC also requires licensees to
maintain effective working control over their licenses.

Spectrum licenses are typically granted for ten-year terms. Our spectrum licenses for our service area are scheduled to expire on various dates.
Spectrum licensees have an expectation of license renewal if they can satisfy three "safe harbor" certifications which, if made, will result in
routine  processing  and  grant  of  the  license  renewal  application.  Those  certifications  require  the  licensee  to  certify  that  it  has  satisfied  any
ongoing provision of service requirements applicable to the spectrum license, that it has not permanently discontinued operations (defined as
180 days continuously off the air), and that it has substantially complied with applicable rules and policies. If for some reason a licensee cannot
meet  these  safe  harbor  requirements,  it  can  file  a  detailed  renewal  showing  based  on  the  actual  service  provided  by  the  station.  We  utilize
spectrum,  pursuant  to  licenses  issued  directly  to  us  or  leased  from  third-parties,  to  deliver  our  Beam  Internet  service  over  a  fixed  wireless
network.

Construction and Operation of Tower Facilities. Wireless tower systems must comply with certain FCC and Federal Aviation Administration
(“FAA”)  regulations  regarding  the  registration,  siting,  marking,  lighting  and  construction  of  transmitter  towers  and  antennas.  The  FCC  also
requires that aggregate radio frequency emissions from every site meet certain standards. These regulations affect site selection for new network
build-outs and may increase the costs of improving our network. We cannot predict what impact the costs and delays from these regulations
could have on our operations.

The construction of new towers, and in some cases the modification of existing towers, may also be subject to environmental review pursuant to
the  National  Environmental  Policy  Act  of  1969  (“NEPA”),  which  requires  federal  agencies  to  evaluate  the  environmental  impacts  of  their
decisions under some circumstances. FCC regulations implementing NEPA place responsibility on each applicant to investigate any potential
environmental effects of a proposed operation, including health effects relating to radio frequency emissions, and impacts on endangered species
such as certain migratory birds, and to disclose any significant effects on the environment to the agency prior

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to commencing construction. In the event that the FCC determines that a proposed tower would have a significant environmental impact, the
FCC would require preparation of an environmental impact statement, which would be subject to public comment.

In addition, tower construction is subject to regulations including the National Historic Preservation Act. Compliance with FAA, environmental
or historic preservation requirements could significantly delay or prevent the registration or construction of a particular tower or make tower
construction more costly. On July 15, 2016, Congress enacted new tower marking requirements for certain towers located in rural areas, which
may increase our operational costs. However, statutory changes adopted by Congress in the 2018 FAA Reauthorization Act may ameliorate or
mitigate some of those costs. In some jurisdictions, local laws or regulations may impose similar requirements.

Tower Facilities Siting. States and localities are authorized to engage in forms of regulation, including zoning and land-use regulation, which
may affect our ability to select and modify sites for wireless tower facilities. States and localities may not engage in forms of regulation that
effectively  prohibit  the  provision  of  wireless  services,  discriminate  among  functionally  equivalent  services  or  regulate  the  placement,
construction or operation of wireless tower facilities on the basis of the environmental effects of radio frequency emissions. Courts and the FCC
are  routinely  asked  to  review  whether  state  and  local  zoning  and  land-use  actions  should  be  preempted  by  federal  law,  and  the  FCC  also  is
routinely  asked  to  consider  other  issues  affecting  wireless  facilities  siting  in  other  proceedings.  We  cannot  predict  the  outcome  of  these
proceedings or the effect they may have on us.

Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act. The CALEA was enacted in 1994 to preserve electronic surveillance capabilities by law
enforcement  officials  in  the  face  of  rapidly  changing  telecommunications  technology.  CALEA  requires  telecommunications  carriers  and
broadband providers, including the Company, to modify their equipment, facilities and services to allow for authorized electronic surveillance
based on either industry or FCC standards.

Human Capital Management

As of December 31, 2021, the Company employed approximately 860 people in and around the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, of
which approximately 31% were female, and 23% of managerial employees were female.

Our Chief Human Resources Officer ("CHRO") is responsible for developing and executing the Company’s human capital management strategy
in  alignment  with  the  business.  This  includes  the  attraction,  acquisition,  development,  retention  and  engagement  of  talent  to  deliver  on  the
Company’s  strategy,  the  design  of  employee  compensation  and  benefits  programs,  and  oversight  of  our  diversity  and  inclusion  efforts.  Our
CHRO continuously evaluates, modifies, and enhances our internal processes and technologies to increase employee engagement, productivity,
and  effectiveness.  In  addition,  the  Chief  Executive  Officer  ("CEO")  and  CHRO  regularly  update  the  Company’s  board  of  directors  and  its
committees on the operation and status of these human capital trends and management programs. Key areas of focus include:

Culture, Values & Ethics

Shentel  is  committed  to  operating  in  a  fair,  honest,  responsible  and  ethical  manner  and  we  expect  our  employees  to  commit  to  these  same
principles. The Company has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, which is also clearly visible to our customers and vendors on our
external  Shentel  website  (https://investor.shentel.com/corporate-governance/governance-overview).  Additionally,  at  time  of  hire  and  at  least
annually, we ask all employees and board members to review and certify their commitment to this Code.

In addition to compliance with our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, the Company attempts to follow a Positive People Philosophy, which
creates the foundation for how all employees work together to drive our collective success. Our culture is built upon values of always looking
for opportunities to improve, taking ownership for resolving issues, effectively communicating to solve problems, working collaboratively as a
team, and providing leadership by setting positive examples for others to follow.

Workplace Safety

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The health and safety of our employees is our highest priority. Exceeding OSHA Regulations is the expectation for Shentel. We have achieved
this  level  of  success  through  our  deliberate  creation  and  management  of  both  regional  and  corporate  safety  committees.  Our  commitment  to
safety has also allowed us to achieve a 2021 OSHA Incident Rate of approximately 0.6, compared to the national utilities industry benchmark of
2.2.

Our focus on safety is also evident in our COVID-19 response. We developed a COVID Task Force Team at the outset of the pandemic which
created  policies  and  guidelines  based  on  both  the  Centers  for  Disease  Control  and  the  Virginia  Occupational  Safety  and  Health  (VOSH)
Program, which have set forth the most stringent guidelines of all of the states in which we operate. These policies and guidelines are focused
on keeping both our employees and customers as safe as possible as we continue to operate as an essential business during the pandemic.

Compensation and Benefits

We provide employees with compensation and benefits packages that are market-driven and aligned to a consistent Shentel Compensation and
Rewards Philosophy. This philosophy is aligned with the needs of the business, and targeted to be competitive in the Company’s designated
talent markets. As well as ensuring compensation competitiveness, the primary objectives of Shentel’s compensation programs are as follows:

•
•

•
•

•
•

•

Create a competitive advantage to attract, motivate and retain the necessary talent for the Company.
Focus both individual and organizational effort around strategy execution, accountability and Company core values for achieving key
business outcomes.
Emphasize individual performance-based differentiation linked to corporate and shareholder values.
Establish  job  and  salary  structures  that  are  market  driven  and  reviewed  on  an  ongoing  basis  in  order  to  maintain  long-term
competitiveness.
Ensure that pay processes are easily understood.
Provide  a  consistent  approach  to  delivering  ongoing  competitive  compensation  to  employees  of  the  Company.  Consistency  will  be
measured  in  terms  of  pay  positioning  relative  to  the  Company’s  defined  competitive  survey  market  as  well  as  in  comparison  to  the
Company’s overall internal compensation philosophy and objectives.
Target the 50th percentile of the Company’s defined competitive survey market for each relevant compensation component.

Our compensation and rewards program consists of three primary components: Base Salary, Short-Term Incentive and Long-Term Incentive.
Base Salary is paid for comparable knowledge, skills and experience. Short-Term Incentive is variable cash compensation designed to recognize
and reward extraordinary performance and is based upon the achievement of a combination of Company-wide financial and service performance
goals and achievement of individual objectives. Long-Term Incentive is equity based compensation that aligns eligible employees’ interests with
those of shareholders and encourages a long term focus and retention.

We also provide eligible employees the ability to participate in a 401(k) Plan which has competitive Company contributions, as well as generous
health and welfare benefits, paid time off, employee assistance programs, and educational assistance, among many others.

Diversity and Inclusion

We believe that a diverse workforce is critical to our success. Our recent efforts have been focused in three areas: inspiring innovation through
an inclusive and diverse culture; expanding our efforts to recruit, hire and retain experienced, diverse talent; and identifying strategic initiatives
to accelerate our inclusion and diversity programs.

Training and Talent Management

To empower employees to realize their full potential, we provide a range of leadership development programs and learning opportunities, which
emphasize  skills  and  identify  resources  they  can  use  to  be  successful.  Our  Shentel  University  platform  supplements  our  talent  development
strategies and provides an online portal that enables employees to access virtual courses and self-directed web-based courses, leveraging both
internally  and  externally  developed  and  hosted  content.  In  addition,  we  provide  our  employees  with  regular  leadership  and  professional
development events that focus on how we may best advance our team, effectively execute our business strategies, and continue to develop the
talent  and  potential  of  our  employees.  We  leverage  our  training  and  talent  management  efforts  to  ensure  we  have  ready-now  successors
identified as the Company continues to grow and evolve.

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Employee Engagement

Our  annual  employee  satisfaction  survey  captures  critical  indicators  of  employee  engagement  and  provides  an  overall  understanding  of
employee  favorability.  During  2021,  we  conducted  our  most  recent  enterprise-wide  engagement  survey,  with  the  assistance  of  third  party
consultants, which focused on measuring engagement, inclusion, and overall employee satisfaction. We will continue to poll our employees and
build action plans to address feedback shared by our team members.
Information About Our Executive Officers

The following table presents information about our executive officers who, other than Christopher E. French, are not members of our board of
directors. Our executive officers serve at the pleasure of the Board of Directors.

Name

Title

Christopher E. French

President and Chief Executive Officer

Age Date in Position
63 April 1988

Edward H. McKay

Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer

James J. Volk

Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Elaine M. Cheng

Senior Vice President and Chief Information Officer

Heather K. Banks

Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer

Dennis A. Romps

Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer

Richard W. Mason Jr.

Senior Vice President Engineering and Operations

49 July 2021

58 June 2019

49 March 2019

48 July 2019

54 July 2021

48 July 2021

Derek C. Rieger

General Counsel, Vice President Legal and Corporate Secretary

41 February 2022

Mr.  French  is  President  and  Chief  Executive  Officer  for  Shentel.  He  is  responsible  for  the  overall  leadership  and  strategic  direction  of  the
Company.  He  has  served  as  President  since  1988,  and  has  been  a  member  and  Chairman  of  the  Board  of  Directors  since  1996.  Prior  to
appointment as President, Mr. French held a variety of positions with the Company, including Vice President Network Service and Executive
Vice President. Mr. French holds a bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering and an MBA, both from the University of Virginia. He has held
board and officer positions in both state and national telecommunication associations, including service as a director of the Organization for the
Promotion  and  Advancement  of  Small  Telecommunications  Companies  (OPASTCO)  and  was  president  and  director  of  the  Virginia
Telecommunications Industry Association. Mr. French is currently a member of the Leadership Committee of the USTelecom Association.

Mr. McKay is Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer for Shentel. He has served in this role since July 2021 and is responsible
for leading Shentel’s entire integrated broadband business, including the Shentel Cable, Glo Fiber and Beam brands, and the Company’s tower
portfolio. He joined Shentel in 2004 and has more than 25 years of experience in the telecommunications industry. Prior to his current role, he
served  as  Senior  Vice  President  of  Engineering  &  Operations.  He  played  a  key  role  in  the  growth  and  success  of  Shentel's  former  wireless
business, led the expansion of the fiber-rich network supporting the Company’s cable and wireline business, and was responsible for delivering
on Shentel’s broadband Fiber First growth strategy for Glo Fiber. Mr. McKay held the title of Senior Vice President - Wireline and Engineering
from 2015 to 2018, with responsibility for managing the Company's commercial fiber and dual incumbent cable and RLEC businesses, network
planning, engineering, construction and operations for Shentel's networks. Mr. McKay began his telecommunications industry career in 1996,
including previous management positions at UUNET and Verizon. He is a graduate of the University of Virginia, where he earned master’s and
bachelor’s degrees in Electrical Engineering. He represents the Company on the Board of ACA Connects and the Board of ValleyNet.

Mr. Volk is Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. He joined Shentel in June 2019. He has more than 27 years of experience in the
telecommunications industry, and has served in a variety of senior financial management roles with both large corporations and high growth,
early stage telecommunication providers. He most recently served as Vice President, Finance and Investor Relations of Uniti Group Inc. Prior to
joining  Uniti,  he  served  as  CFO  of  multiple  public  and  private  telecommunication  companies,  including  PEG  Bandwidth,  Hargray
Communications and UbiquiTel Inc. He previously held senior finance positions with AT&T and Comcast. Mr.

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Volk  holds  a  Bachelor  of  Science  Degree  in  Accounting  from  the  University  of  Delaware  and  a  Master  of  Business  Administration  from
Villanova University.

Mrs. Cheng is Senior Vice President and Chief Information Officer for Shentel. She leads the Information Technology organization, Enterprise
Project Management Office (EPMO), and Enterprise Risk Management program, and is responsible for our Customer Care and Tech Support
functions. She joined the Company in March 2019 and has more than 20 years of experience in diverse business environments across all areas
of Information Technology. Prior to joining Shentel, Mrs. Cheng served as Chief Information Officer and Managing Director of Global Strategic
Design for CFA Institute in Charlottesville, Va. Prior to her time at CFA Institute, Mrs. Cheng held a number of different roles over 16 years
with  M&T  Bank  in  Buffalo,  NY,  including  Group  Vice  President,  Technology  Business  Services,  Vice  President  of  Retail  Operations  and
Assistant  Vice  President,  Web  Product  Owner.  She  received  her  Bachelor  of  Arts  degree  from  Vassar  College  and  her  Masters  of  Business
Administration from the University of Rochester. Additionally, Mrs. Cheng is a founding board member of Charlottesville Women in Tech, a
non-profit organization which encourages women to join and thrive in technology careers.

Ms. Banks is Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer at Shentel. She joined the Company in July 2019. Ms. Banks brings more than
20 years of experience in leading and managing strategic HR initiatives to Shentel. Prior to joining Shentel, Ms. Banks was the Chief Human
Resources Officer of American Woodmark, headquartered in Winchester, Virginia. Prior to American Woodmark, Ms. Banks held numerous HR
leadership  positions  with  a  variety  of  organizations  across  a  range  of  industries,  including  Carlisle  FoodService  Products,  UTC  Aerospace
Systems,  Goodrich  Corporation,  Northern  Power  Systems,  and  IGT.  She  holds  a  Bachelor  of  Science  in  Psychology  from  Florida  State
University and a Master of Arts in Industrial Organizational Psychology from the University of New Haven.

Mr.  Romps  is  Vice  President  and  Chief  Accounting  Officer  for  Shentel.  He  is  responsible  for  all  accounting,  financial  reporting,  internal
controls,  SEC,  Sarbanes-Oxley  and  income  tax  compliance.  Mr.  Romps  joined  the  company  in  July  2021  and  has  30  years  of  progressive
accounting and finance experience including six years as Chief Accounting Officer of Continental Building Products, a publicly-traded building
materials company, eight years with AT&T (formerly SBC Communications and Ameritech) and four years with Ernst & Young. Mr. Romps is
a certified public accountant and earned a B.A. in Accounting from Michigan State University and MBA from the Kellogg Graduate School of
Management at Northwestern University.

Mr.  Mason  is  Senior  Vice  President  Engineering  and  Operations  at  Shentel  and  is  responsible  for  leading  the  Company's  network  strategy,
engineering,  construction  and  operations  functions.  He  joined  Shentel  in  May  2019  as  Vice  President  and  Head  of  Business  Operations
responsible  for  Enterprise  Program  Management,  Performance  Management  and  Process  Excellence  across  all  business  segments.  Prior  to
joining Shentel, Mr. Mason was Head of Install and Repair Operations at Google Fiber. Before that, he held a variety of leadership roles over his
20+  year  career  with  Cincinnati  Bell,  culminating  in  Vice  President  of  Field  Operations.  He  received  his  Bachelor  of  Science  degree  in
Electrical Engineering from Ohio University and has an MBA from Xavier University.

Mr. Rieger is Vice President – Legal, General Counsel & Corporate Secretary for Shentel. He joined Shentel in 2021 and is responsible for all
legal and regulatory compliance matters for the Company. He also acts as Corporate Secretary to the Company’s Board of Directors. Mr. Rieger
began  his  career  in  the  contact  center  industry  in  2007,  and  went  on  to  gain  experience  in  both  the  financial  technology  and  software-as-a-
service industries. Mr. Rieger has served as General Counsel for Conduit Global, Executive Vice President, Chief Legal Officer and Corporate
Secretary for kgb, and Vice President of Global Corporate and Operational Compliance for Sykes Enterprises. Mr. Rieger received his Bachelor
of Science in Business Administration from Villanova University and his Juris Doctor degree from Widener University.

Websites and Additional Information

The Company maintains a corporate website at www.shentel.com. We make available free of charge, through our website, our annual report on
Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8‑K and all amendments to those reports, as soon as reasonably practicable
after we electronically file or furnish such reports with or to the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). The contents of our website are
not a part of this report. In addition, the SEC maintains a website at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements and
other information regarding the Company.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

Our  business  and  operations  are  subject  to  a  number  of  risks  and  uncertainties.  The  risks  set  forth  under  "Part  I  Item  1.  Business"  and  the
following  risk  factors  should  be  read  carefully  in  connection  with  evaluating  our  business.  The  following  risks  (or  additional  risks  and
uncertainties not presently known to us) could materially affect our financial condition, liquidity, or operating results, as well as the price of our
common stock.

Risks Related to Our Business

Intensifying competition may limit our ability to continue to grow our revenue.

The  low  interest  rate  environment  and  the  increasing  demand  for  faster  residential  internet  bandwidth  driven  by  working  and  learning  from
home  since  the  outbreak  of  COVID-19  has  increased  the  availability  of  capital  to  fund  fiber-to-the-home  (“FTTH”)  overbuilds  in  areas
historically  served  by  incumbent  cable  and  incumbent  local  telephone  providers.  If  new  FTTH  competitors  overbuild  our  incumbent  cable
service  areas,  some  of  our  subscribers  may  select  other  providers’  offerings  based  on  price,  bandwidth  speeds,  capabilities  or  personal
preferences. Most of our competitors possess greater resources, have greater brand recognition, have more extensive coverage areas, have access
to  spectrum  or  technologies  not  available  to  us,  are  able  to  offer  bundled  service  offerings  that  we  are  not  able  to  duplicate  and  offer  more
services than we do. If significant numbers of our subscribers elect to move to competing providers, or if market saturation limits the rate of
new subscriber additions, we may not be able to continue to grow our revenue.

Prospective competitors of our Broadband segment may receive grants from federal or state universal service funds or other subsidies. Some of
those  potential  competitors  may  receive  support  under  the  Connect  America  Fund,  Rural  Development  Opportunity  Fund,  American  Rescue
Plant Act or Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act to build broadband facilities to unserved homes that do not meet the minimum broadband
speeds in some areas already served by our Beam fixed wireless and DSL networks and adjacent to our cable and FTTH footprint. As a result,
new competitors may invest in cable and FTTH markets, increasing the number of competitors we face in our network area and in the areas we
hope to expand our broadband network in the future.

Consumers are increasingly accessing video content from alternative sources, such as Internet-based “over the top” providers such as Netflix,
YouTube TV, Amazon, Hulu, and related platforms. The influx of competitors in this area, together with the development of new technologies to
support them, are resulting in significant changes in the video business models and regulatory provisions that have applied to the provision of
video  and  other  services.  These  developments  have  led  to  a  loss  of  video  subscribers  due  to  "cord  cutting"  as  customers  adopt  alternative
sources and may lead to a decline in the demand, price and profitability of our cable and related video services.

Incumbent  cable  companies  also  face  competition  from  direct  broadcast  satellite  providers,  and  from  large  providers  of  wireline
telecommunications services (such as Verizon, Lumen and AT&T), which have upgraded their networks in certain markets outside of our cable
footprint to provide video services in addition to voice and broadband services and may offer bundled service offerings that we are not able to
duplicate. Wireless providers are also entering the market for video services by making such services available on handsets and tablets. In some
areas,  direct  broadcast  satellite  providers  have  partnered  with  large  incumbent  telecommunications  service  providers  to  offer  triple-play
services. If direct broadcast satellite providers and large wireline telecommunications service providers were to expand their upgraded networks
into  our  cable  and  FTTH  footprint,  then  Shentel  would  face  increased  competition  within  our  existing  footprint  and  potential  decreases  in
revenue from existing sources.

The  Company’s  Commercial  Fiber  business  faces  intense  competition  from  several  local  and  national  providers.  Most  of  our  competitors
possess greater resources, have greater brand recognition, have more extensive coverage areas, have access to technologies not available to us,
are able to offer bundled service offerings that we are not able to duplicate and offer more services than we do. If a significant numbers of our
customers elect to move to competing providers, our Commercial Fiber revenues could be adversely affected.

Nationwide,  incumbent  local  exchange  carriers  have  experienced  a  decrease  in  access  lines  due  to  the  effect  of  wireless  and  wireline
competition.  We  have  experienced  reductions  in  the  number  of  access  lines  to  date,  and  based  on  industry  experience  we  anticipate  that  the
long-term trend toward declining telephone subscriber counts will continue. There is a significant risk that this downward trend will have an
adverse effect on the Company’s landline telephone operations in the future.

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Our future growth is primarily dependent upon our expansion strategy, which may or may not be successful.

We are strategically focused on driving growth by expanding our broadband network in order to provide service in communities that are near or
adjacent to our network. This expansion strategy includes our FTTH broadband service, which we offer under the Glo Fiber brand. This brand is
relatively new in the marketplace. This strategy requires considerable management resources and capital investment and it is uncertain whether
and when it will contribute to positive free cash flow. As a result, we expect our capital expenditures to exceed the cash flow provided from
continuing  operations  through  2025.  Additionally,  we  must  obtain  pole  attachment  agreements,  franchises,  construction  permits,  and  other
regulatory approvals to commence operations in these communities. Delays in entering into pole attachment agreements, receiving the necessary
franchises and construction permits, procuring needed contractors, materials or supplies, and conducting the construction itself could adversely
impact our scheduled construction plans and, ultimately, our expansion strategy. Difficulty in obtaining necessary resources may also adversely
affect our ability to expand into new markets as could our ability to adequately market a new brand to customers unfamiliar to us as we expand
to markets where we do not currently operate. We may face resistance from competitors who are already in markets we wish to enter. If our
expectations regarding our ability to attract customers in these communities are not met, or if the capital requirements to complete the network
investment or the time required to attract our expected level of customers are incorrect, our financial performance may be negatively impacted.

We may incur significant churn from our largest customer who represents 8% of our revenues.

We  lease  space  on  our  towers  and  provide  backhaul  and  transport  services  to  T-Mobile  to  support  their  wireless  network  in  our  markets.  T-
Mobile has announced plans to decommission parts of their recently acquired networks which could lead to a material loss of revenue being
generated from our tower and broadband segments. We may not be able to replace the churn with new revenue from other carriers where our
towers and fiber is located in a timely basis or at all.

Many of our competitors are larger than we are and possess greater resources than we do.

In some instances, we compete against companies with fewer regulatory burdens, greater personnel resources, greater resources for marketing,
greater  brand  name  recognition,  and  long-established  relationships  with  regulatory  authorities  and  customers.  We  have  begun  to  realign  our
corporate expenses to reflect the sale of our Wireless assets and operations, and to scale for our planned Broadband growth. We anticipate that
this initiative will take multiple years and will be enabled by certain of our information technology initiatives. If we are unable to sufficiently
build the necessary infrastructure and internal support functions to scale and expand our network and customer base, our potential growth could
be limited. We may not be able to successfully compete with competitors or be able to make the operational or financial investments necessary
to successfully serve our targeted customer base. As a result, we could experience greater operating costs, our revenue could decline and we
may lose existing customers and fail to attract new customers.

Alternative  technologies,  changes  in  the  regulatory  environment  and  current  uncertainties  in  the  marketplace  may  reduce  future
demand for existing telecommunication services and materially increase our capital expenditures.

The telecommunications industry is experiencing significant technological change, evolving industry standards, ongoing improvements in the
capacity  and  quality  of  digital  technology,  shorter  development  cycles  for  new  products  and  enhancements  and  changes  in  end-user
requirements and preferences. Technological advances, industry changes and changes in the regulatory environment could cause the technology
we use to become obsolete. We may not be able to respond to such changes and implement new technology on a timely basis or at an acceptable
cost.  Additionally,  we  may  be  required  to  select  one  developing  or  new  technology  over  another  and  may  not  choose  the  technology  that  is
ultimately determined to be the most economic, efficient or attractive to customers. We may also encounter difficulties in implementing new
technologies,  products  and  services  and  may  encounter  disruptions  in  service  as  a  result.  As  a  result,  our  financial  performance  may  be
negatively impacted.

Our distribution networks may be subject to weather-related events that may damage our networks and adversely impact our ability to
deliver promised services or increase costs related to such events.

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Our  distribution  networks  may  be  subject  to  weather-related  events  that  could  damage  our  networks  and  impact  service  delivery.  Some
published reports predict that warming global temperatures will increase the frequency and severity of such weather-related events. Should such
predictions be correct or if for other reasons there are more weather-related events, and should such events impact the East Coast region covered
by our networks more frequently or more severely than in the past, our revenues and expenses could be materially adversely impacted.

Our programming costs are subject to demands for increased payments.

The  cable  television  industry  has  continued  to  experience  an  increase  in  the  cost  of  programming,  especially  sports  programming  and
retransmission  fees.  In  addition,  as  we  add  programming  to  our  video  services  for  existing  customers  or  distribute  existing  programming  to
more  customers,  we  incur  increased  programming  expenses.  Broadcasters  affiliated  with  major  over-the-air  network  services  have  been
increasing their demands for cash payments and other concessions for the right to carry local network television signals on our cable systems.
As  compared  to  large  national  providers,  our  smaller  base  of  subscribers  limits  our  ability  to  negotiate  lower  programming  costs.  If  we  are
unable to raise our customers’ rates, these increased programming costs could have an adverse impact on our results of operations. Moreover, as
our  programming  contracts  and  retransmission  agreements  with  programming  providers  expire,  there  can  be  no  assurance  that  they  will  be
renewed on acceptable terms which could lead to a loss of video customers.

We may not benefit from our acquisition strategy.

As part of our business strategy, we regularly evaluate opportunities to enhance the value of the Company by pursuing acquisitions of other
businesses. Although we remain subject to financial and other covenants in our credit agreement that may limit our ability to pursue certain
strategic  opportunities,  we  intend  to  continue  to  evaluate  and,  when  appropriate,  pursue  strategic  acquisition  opportunities  as  they  arise.  We
cannot provide any assurance, however, with respect to the timing, likelihood, size or financial effect of any potential transaction involving the
Company, as we may not be successful in identifying and consummating any acquisition or in integrating any newly acquired business into our
operations.

The evaluation of business acquisition opportunities and the integration of any acquired businesses pose a number of significant risks, including
the following:

•

•
•

acquisitions may place significant strain on our management and financial and other resources by requiring us to expend a substantial
amount of time and resources in the pursuit of acquisitions that we may not complete, or to devote significant attention to the various
integration efforts of any newly acquired businesses, all of which will require the allocation of limited resources;
acquisitions may not have a positive impact on our cash flows or financial performance;
even  if  acquired  companies  eventually  contribute  to  an  increase  in  our  cash  flows  or  financial  performance,  such  acquisitions  may
adversely  affect  our  operating  results  in  the  short  term  as  a  result  of  transaction-related  expenses  we  will  have  to  pay  or  the  higher
operating  and  administrative  expenses  we  may  incur  in  the  periods  immediately  following  an  acquisition  as  we  seek  to  integrate  the
acquired business into our operations;

• we may not be able to realize anticipated synergies, achieve the desired level of integration of the acquired business or eliminate as many

redundant costs;

• we may not be able to maintain relationships with customers, suppliers and other business partners of the acquired business;
•

our operating and financial systems and controls and information services may not be compatible with those of the companies we may
acquire and may not be adequate to support our integration efforts, and any steps we take to improve these systems and controls may not
be sufficient;
our business plans and projections used to justify the acquisitions and expansion investments are based on assumptions of revenues per
subscriber, penetration rates in specific markets where we operate and expected operating costs. These assumptions may not develop as
projected, which may negatively impact our profitability or the value of our intangible assets;
growth through acquisitions will increase our need for qualified personnel, who may not be available to us or, if they were employed by a
business we acquire, remain with us after the acquisition; and
acquired businesses may have unexpected liabilities and contingencies, which could be significant.

•

•

•

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted, and the future outbreak of other highly infectious or contagious diseases could disrupt, the
operation of our business resulting in adverse impacts to our financial condition,

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results of operations, and cash flow and could create significant volatility in the trading and value of the Company’s common stock.

Since being reported in December 2019, an outbreak of a new strain of coronavirus (“COVID-19”) has spread globally, including to every state
in the United States. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic and the United States declared a national
emergency.  The  COVID-19  pandemic  has  negatively  impacted  the  global  economy,  disrupted  global  supply  chains,  and  created  significant
volatility and disruption of financial markets, and another pandemic in the future could have similar effects. Given the ongoing and dynamic
nature of the circumstances, it is difficult to predict the impact of COVID-19 on the Company, and there is no guarantee that efforts by Shentel,
designed to address adverse impacts of the coronavirus, will be effective.

The Company has limited non-essential travel, in-person meetings and large employee meetings, while also implementing a work-from-home
policy to encourage all employees whose job responsibilities permit remote working to do so. Continued restrictions on travel and limitations on
interaction with customers may impact our sales and marketing activities, including our ability to secure new customers, to qualify and sell new
products, or to grow sales with customers where or with whom we do not have a longer-standing supply relationship.

In  addition,  the  current  COVID-19  pandemic,  or  a  future  pandemic,  could  have  material  and  adverse  effects  on  our  ability  to  successfully
operate and on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows due to, among other factors:

•

•

•

•

•

•
•

•

additional  disruptions  or  delays  in  our  operations  or  network  performance,  as  well  as  network  maintenance  and  construction,  testing,
supervisory and customer support activities, and inventory and supply procurement;
increases in operating costs, inventory shortages and/or a decrease in productivity related to travel bans, employee illness or quarantine
and social distancing efforts, which could include delays in our ability to install broadband services at customer locations or require our
vendors and contractors to incur additional costs that may be passed on to us;
a deterioration in our ability to operate in affected areas or delays in the supply of products or services to us from vendors that are needed
for our efficient operations or growth objectives;
increases  in  health  insurance  and  labor-related  costs  arising  from  illness,  quarantine  and  the  implementation  of  social  distancing  and
work-from-home measures;
increased  risk  of  phishing  and  other  cybersecurity  attacks,  and  increased  risk  of  unauthorized  dissemination  of  sensitive  personal
information  or  proprietary  or  confidential  information  about  us,  our  customers  or  other  third  parties  as  a  result  of  employees  or  third-
party vendors' employees working remotely;
a decrease in the ability of our counterparties to meet their obligations to us in full, or at all;
a general reduction in business and economic activity may severely impact our customers and may cause them to be unable to pay for
services provided; and
the potential negative impact on the health of our personnel, particularly if a significant number of them are impacted, could result in a
deterioration in our ability to ensure business continuity during a disruption and/or impact the ability for us to manage and implement the
planned build out and expansion of our network.

Shentel  has  implemented  policies  and  procedures  designed  to  mitigate  the  risk  of  adverse  impacts  of  the  COVID-19  pandemic,  or  a  future
pandemic, on the Company’s operations, but may incur additional costs to ensure continuity of business operations caused by progression of the
COVID-19 pandemic, or other future pandemics, which could adversely affect its financial condition and results of operations. However, the
extent of such impacts will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including new information that
may emerge concerning the severity of COVID-19 and actions taken to contain COVID-19 or its impact. Additionally, to the extent the COVID-
19  pandemic  adversely  affects  our  business,  financial  condition  or  results  of  operations,  it  may  heighten  other  risks  described  in  this  "Risk
Factors" section.

Disruptions of our information technology infrastructure or operations could harm our business.

A  disruption  of  our  information  technology  infrastructure  or  operations,  or  the  infrastructure  or  operations  of  certain  vendors  who  provide
information  technology  services  to  us  or  our  customers,  could  be  caused  by  a  natural  disaster,  energy  or  manufacturing  failure,
telecommunications  system  failure,  ransomware  attack,  cybersecurity  or  terrorist  attack,  intrusion  or  incident,  or  defective  or  improperly
installed  new  or  upgraded  business  management  systems.  Although  we  make  significant  efforts  to  maintain  the  security  and  integrity  of  the
Company's information technology infrastructure, there can be no assurance that our security efforts and disaster recovery measures will be

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effective or that attempted security breaches or catastrophic disruptions would not be successful or damaging, especially in light of the growing
sophistication of cyber-attacks and intrusions sponsored by state or other interests. Portions of our information technology infrastructure also
may experience interruptions, delays or cessations of service or produce errors in connection with systems integration or migration work that
takes place from time to time. In the event of any such disruption, we may be unable to conduct our business in the normal course. Moreover,
our business involves the processing, storage and transmission of data, which would also be negatively affected by such an event. A disruption
of our information technology infrastructure or operations could also cause us to lose customers and revenue, particularly during a period of
heavy demand for our services. We also could incur significant expense in repairing system damage and taking other remedial measures.

We have identified material weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting that, if not properly corrected, could materially
adversely affect our operations and result in material misstatements in our financial statements.

In accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, we, along with our independent registered public accounting firm, are required to
report  on  the  effectiveness  of  our  internal  controls  over  financial  reporting.  Failure  to  design  and  maintain  effective  internal  controls  could
constitute a material weakness which could result in inaccurate financial statements, inaccurate disclosures or failure to prevent fraud.

As  of  December  31,  2021,  we  did  not  maintain  an  effective  control  environment  attributable  to  certain  identified  material  weaknesses.  We
describe  these  material  weaknesses  in  Item  9A.  Controls  and  Procedures  in  this  Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K.  The  identified  control
deficiencies  create  a  reasonable  possibility  that  a  material  misstatement  to  the  consolidated  financial  statements  will  not  be  prevented  or
detected on a timely basis, and therefore we concluded that the deficiencies represent material weaknesses in the Company’s internal control
over financial reporting and that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of December 31, 2021. We cannot provide any
assurance that these weaknesses will be effectively remediated or that additional material weaknesses will not occur in the future. The existence
of these or other material weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting could also result in errors in our financial statements that
could require us to restate our financial statements, cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations and cause stockholders to lose confidence
in our reported financial information, all of which could materially and adversely affect our business and stock price.

Implementation of our new ERP system could disrupt business operations.

Our current ERP system will be replaced during 2022 as the system will no longer be supported by the software vendor after January 2023.
Implementing  a  new  ERP  system  is  not  only  costly  but  complex  and  difficult.  The  implementation  requires  significant  investments  of  time,
money  and  resources  and  may  result  in  the  diversion  of  senior  management’s  attention  from  our  ongoing  operations.  Furthermore,  the
implementation is expected to result in significant changes to many of our existing operational, financial and administrative business processes.
The new ERP system will require us to implement new internal controls and to change our existing internal control framework and procedures
during 2022. If unexpected delays, costs, technical problems or other significant issues arise in connection with the implementation, it could
have a material negative impact on our operations, business, financial results and financial condition. There can be no assurance that we will
successfully implement our new ERP system or that we will avoid these and other negative impacts from our implementation efforts.

If we do not further reduce corporate overhead costs following the sale of our Wireless segment, our earnings and margins will be lower
than the larger peer broadband companies.

Our sales, general and administrative costs, including corporate overhead, are a higher percentage of revenue than larger broadband companies
due to a lack of relative scale. If we cannot further reduce our corporate expenses, our earnings and margins will be lower than our peers which
may affect the value of our stock price.

Our  success  depends  on  consistent  supply  of  physical  goods  and  services  to  build  and  sustain  services  to  customers.  Significant
disruptions to the supply chain could adversely impact our growth and revenue projections.

The supply of critical physical supplies, such as modems, consumer Wi-Fi equipment, and fiber is important to our business operations. These
materials form the core components needed to deliver both video and data services to our customers. We work to ensure we have a forward-
looking supply of these items and redundancy of supply types and

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suppliers. However, global impacts to supply chains across all suppliers and manufacturers could result in significant supply issues. If supplies
to these items became severely impacted, our plans to build out new networks could be adversely impacted. Additionally, the lack of certain
equipment could limit our ability to service existing customers. Significant impact to physical equipment supply chains could materially and
adversely affect our business, including reduced revenues, loss of customers and limitations on future growth. Additionally, at times we choose
to leverage third-party suppliers to help us deliver services to customers because of efficiency reasons or because third-parties provide a service
we cannot replicate easily. Should those third-party suppliers be impacted by either materials, equipment or resources, their inability to provide
services to us could also negatively impact our ability to deliver network services or build out future network.

Our success largely depends on our ability to retain and recruit key personnel, and any failure to do so could adversely affect our ability
to manage our business.

Our historical operational and financial results have depended, and our future results will depend, upon the retention and continued performance
of our management team, as well as the attraction and retention of relevant key roles across our organization. The competition for talent for key
roles  in  our  industry,  including  our  executive  officers  and  key  personnel  to  support  our  engineering,  sales,  service  delivery,  information
technology, finance and accounting functions, is highly competitive and could adversely impact our ability to retain and hire new employees and
contractors.  The  loss  of  the  services  of  key  members  of  executive  management  or  other  employees  or  contractors  in  critical  roles,  and  the
inability  or  delay  in  hiring  new  key  employees  and  contractors  could  materially  and  adversely  affect  our  ability  to  manage  and  expand  our
business  and  our  future  operational  and  financial  results.  Moreover,  an  inability  to  retain  sufficient  qualified  personnel  throughout  our
organization or to attract new personnel as we grow our business could adversely affect our ability to remediate the material weaknesses over
financial reporting and thereafter maintain an effective system of internal controls and our ability to produce reliable financial reports, which
could materially and adversely affect our financial results, financial condition and our stock price.

We  could  suffer  a  loss  of  revenue  and  increased  costs,  exposure  to  significant  liability,  reputational  harm  and  other  serious  negative
consequences if we sustain cyber-attacks or other data security breaches that disrupt our operations or result in the dissemination of
proprietary or confidential information about us or our customers or other third parties.

We  utilize  our  information  technology  infrastructure  to  manage  and  store  various  proprietary  information  and  sensitive  or  confidential  data
relating to our operations. We routinely process, store and transmit large amounts of data for our customers, including sensitive and personally
identifiable information. We depend on our information technology infrastructure to conduct business operations and provide customer services.
We  may  be  subject  to  data  breaches  and  disruptions  of  the  information  technology  systems  we  use  for  these  purposes.  Our  industry  has
witnessed an increase in the frequency, intensity and sophistication of cybersecurity incidents caused by hackers and other malicious actors such
as foreign governments, criminals, hacktivists, terrorists and insider threats. Hackers and other malicious actors may be able to penetrate our
network security and misappropriate or compromise our confidential, sensitive, personal or proprietary information, or that of third parties, and
engage  in  the  unauthorized  use  or  dissemination  of  such  information.  They  may  be  able  to  create  system  disruptions,  or  cause  shutdowns.
Hackers and other malicious actors may be able to develop and deploy viruses, worms, ransomware and other malicious software programs that
attack our products or otherwise exploit any security vulnerabilities of our systems. In addition, sophisticated hardware and operating system
software  and  applications  that  we  procure  from  third  parties  may  contain  defects  in  design  or  manufacture,  including  “bugs,”  cybersecurity
vulnerabilities and other problems that could unexpectedly interfere with the operation or security of our systems.

Like many other companies, we increasingly leverage third-party SaaS solutions and external service providers to help us deliver services to our
customers. In the delivery of these services, we are dependent on the security infrastructure of those third-party providers. These providers are
also vulnerable to the myriad of cyber-attacks possible in today’s environment. In the case where a third-party provider becomes victim to an
attack it could have an impact on our operations or ability to service customers.

The  COVID-19  pandemic  has  amplified  certain  risks  to  our  operations  and  business,  increasing  phishing  and  other  cybersecurity  attacks  as
hackers and malicious actors try to exploit the uncertainty surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, and an increase in the number of points of
potential attack, such as laptops and mobile devices (both of which are now being used in increased numbers), and any failure to effectively
manage these risks, including to timely identify and appropriately respond to any cyber-attacks, may adversely affect our business.

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To date, interruptions of our information technology infrastructure and third party suppliers have been infrequent and have not had a material
impact  on  our  operations.  However,  because  technology  is  increasingly  complex  and  cyber-attacks  are  increasingly  sophisticated  and  more
frequent, there can be no assurance that such incidents will not have a material adverse effect on us in the future. The consequences of a breach
of  our  security  measures  or  those  of  a  third-party  provider,  a  cyber-related  service  or  operational  disruption,  or  a  breach  of  personal,
confidential,  proprietary  or  sensitive  data  caused  by  a  hacker  or  other  malicious  actor  could  be  significant  for  us,  our  customers  and  other
affected third parties. For example, the consequences could include damage to infrastructure and property, impairment of business operations,
disruptions to customer service, financial costs and harm to our liquidity, costs associated with remediation, loss of revenues, loss of customers,
competitive disadvantage, legal expenses associated with litigation, regulatory action, fines or penalties or damage to our brand and reputation.

In addition, the costs to us to eliminate or address the foregoing security challenges and vulnerabilities before or after a cyber-incident could be
significant. In addition, our remediation efforts may not be successful and could result in interruptions, delays or cessation of service. We could
also lose existing or potential customers for our services in connection with any actual or perceived security vulnerabilities in the services.

We are subject to laws, rules and regulations relating to the collection, use and security of user data. Our operations are also subject to federal
and state laws governing information security. In the event of a data breach or operational disruption caused by an information security incident,
such rules may require consumer and government agency notification and may result in regulatory enforcement actions with the potential of
monetary  forfeitures  as  well  as  civil  litigation.  We  have  incurred,  and  will  continue  to  incur,  expenses  to  comply  with  privacy  and  security
standards and protocols imposed by law, regulation, industry standards and contractual obligations.

Risks Related to Regulation and Legislation

Regulation by government agencies may increase our costs of providing service or require changes in services, either of which could
impair our financial performance.

Our operations are subject to varying degrees of regulation by the FCC, the Federal Trade Commission, the Federal Aviation Administration, the
Environmental Protection Agency and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, as well as by state and local regulatory agencies and
franchising authorities. Action by these regulatory bodies could negatively affect our operations and our costs of doing business.

Changes to key regulatory requirements can affect our ability to compete.

Our industry is subject to extensive governmental regulation, which impacts many aspects of our operations. Legislators and regulators at all
levels of government frequently consider changing, and sometimes do change, existing statutes, regulations, and interpretations thereof. Future
legislative, judicial, or administrative actions may increase our costs or impose additional challenges and restrictions on our business.

Federal law strictly limits the scope of permissible cable rate regulation, and none of our local franchising authorities currently regulate our rates
for  video  services.  Our  rates  for  broadband  services  have  historically  not  been  subject  to  rate  regulation.  However,  as  broadband  service  is
increasingly viewed as an essential service, governments could adopt new laws or regulations related to the prices we charge for our services
that could adversely impact our existing business model.

The Company operates data services and cable television systems in largely rural areas of Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania and
Kentucky pursuant to local franchise agreements. These franchises are not exclusive, and other entities may secure franchise authorizations in
the future, thereby increasing direct competition to the Company.

Many  franchises  establish  comprehensive  facilities  and  service  requirements,  as  well  as  specific  customer  service  standards  and  monetary
penalties for non-compliance. In many cases, franchises are terminable if the franchisee fails to comply with significant provisions set forth in
the  franchise  agreement  governing  system  operations.  Franchises  are  generally  granted  for  fixed  terms  and  must  be  periodically  renewed.
Franchising authorities may resist granting a renewal if either past performance or the prospective operating proposal is considered inadequate.
Franchise  authorities  often  demand  concessions  or  other  commitments  as  a  condition  to  renewal.  If  our  local  franchises  are  not  renewed  at
expiration we would have to cease operations or, operate under either temporary operating agreements or without a franchise while negotiating
renewal terms with the local franchising authorities. Although we have

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historically renewed our franchises without incurring significant costs, we cannot offer assurance that we will be able to renew, or to renew as
favorably, our franchises in the future. A termination of or a sustained failure to renew a franchise in one or more key markets or obtaining such
franchise on unfavorable terms could adversely affect our business in the affected geographic area.

Pole  attachments  are  wires  and  cables  that  are  attached  to  utility  poles.  Cable  system  attachments  to  investor-owned  public  utility  poles
historically  have  been  regulated  at  the  federal  or  state  level,  generally  resulting  in  reasonable  pole  attachment  rates  for  attachments  used  to
provide  cable  service.  In  contrast,  utility  poles  owned  by  municipalities  or  cooperatives  are  not  subject  to  federal  regulation  and  are,  with
exceptions,  generally  exempt  from  state  regulation  and  their  attachment  rates  tend  to  be  higher.  Future  regulatory  changes  in  this  area  could
impact the pole attachment rates we pay utility companies.

Regulatory constraints could impact our ability to adequately address increases in broadband usage and may cause network capacity
limitations, resulting in service disruptions, reduced capacity or slower transmission speeds for our customers.

Video streaming services, gaming and peer-to-peer file sharing applications use significantly more bandwidth than other Internet activity such as
web browsing and email. As use of these services continues to grow, our broadband customers will likely use much more bandwidth than in the
past.  If  this  occurs,  we  could  be  required  to  make  significant  capital  expenditures  to  increase  network  capacity  in  order  to  avoid  service
disruptions,  service  degradation  or  slower  transmission  speeds  for  our  customers.  Alternatively,  we  could  choose  to  implement  network
management  practices  to  reduce  the  network  capacity  available  to  bandwidth-intensive  activities  during  certain  times  in  market  areas
experiencing congestion, which could negatively affect our ability to retain and attract customers in affected markets. Competitive or regulatory
constraints may preclude us from recovering costs of network investments designed to address these issues, which could adversely impact our
operating margins, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

Our services may be adversely impacted by legislative or regulatory changes that affect our ability to develop and offer services or that
could expose us to liability from customers or others.

The  Company  provides  broadband  Internet  access  services  to  its  fiber,  cable,  fixed  wireless  and  telephone  customers.  As  the  Internet  has
matured, it has become the subject of increasing regulatory interest. Congress and Federal regulators have adopted a wide range of measures
directly or potentially affecting Internet use. The adoption of new Internet regulations or policies could adversely affect our business.

In  2015,  the  FCC  determined  that  broadband  Internet  access  services,  such  as  those  we  offer,  were  a  form  of  “telecommunications  service”
under the Communications Act and, on that basis, imposed rules banning service providers from blocking access to lawful content, restricting
data rates for downloading lawful content, prohibiting the attachment of non-harmful devices, giving special transmission priority to affiliates,
and offering third parties the ability to pay for priority routing. The 2015 rules also imposed a “transparency” requirement, i.e., an obligation to
disclose all material terms and conditions of our service to consumers.

In  December  2017,  the  FCC  adopted  an  order  repudiating  its  prior  (2015)  treatment  of  broadband  as  a  “telecommunications  service,”
reclassifying broadband as an “information service,” and eliminating the rules it had imposed at that time (other than a transparency/disclosure-
requirement,  which  it  eased  in  significant  ways).  The  FCC  also  ruled  that  state  regulators  may  not  impose  obligations  similar  to  federal
obligations that the FCC removed. Various parties have challenged this ruling in court, and, we cannot predict how any such court challenges
will be resolved. Moreover, it is possible that the FCC might further revise its approach to broadband Internet access, or that Congress might
enact  legislation  affecting  the  rules  applicable  to  the  service.  In  2019,  the  U.S.  Court  of  Appeals  for  the  District  of  Columbia  upheld  the
information service reclassification, but vacated the FCC’s blanket prohibition of state utility regulation of broadband services. The court left
open  the  possibility  that  individual  state  laws  could  still  be  deemed  preempted  on  a  case-by-case  basis  if  it  is  shown  that  they  conflict  with
federal law. In October 2020 the FCC, responding to the court’s remand order, issued a further decision clarifying certain aspects of its earlier
order. In this decision the FCC re-classified broadband internet access service as an unregulated information service, thus eliminating all federal
regulatory  "network  neutrality"  obligations  beyond  requiring  broadband  providers  to  accurately  disclose  network  management  practices,
performance, and commercial terms of service. These issues may be revisited by the FCC in the current Administration.

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The  FCC  imposes  obligations  on  telecommunications  service  providers,  including  broadband  Internet  access  service  providers,  and
multichannel  video  program  distributors,  like  our  cable  company.  We  cannot  predict  the  nature  and  pace  these  requirements  and  other
developments, or the impact they may have on our operations.

Risks Related to our Indebtedness

We may not have sufficient capital to fund our expansion plans and may not be able to repay future indebtedness.

As  discussed  in  the  Risks  Related  to  our  Business  section  above,  we  expect  our  capital  expenditures  to  exceed  the  cash  flow  provided  from
continuing  operations  through  2025  as  we  invest  in  our  network  expansion  strategy.  As  of  December  31,  2021,  we  had  no  indebtedness
outstanding  under  our  $400  million  credit  agreement.  If  our  costs  to  expand  our  networks  are  greater  than  we  anticipate,  we  may  not  have
sufficient capital nor be able to secure additional capital on terms acceptable to us and may have to curtail our expansion plans. Upon drawing
on available debt under our credit agreement, we may not be able to generate sufficient cash flows from operations in 2026 and beyond or to
raise additional capital in amounts necessary for us to repay the future indebtedness when such indebtedness becomes due and to meet our other
cash needs.

General Risk Factors

Adverse economic conditions in the United States and in our market area involving significantly reduced consumer spending could have
a negative impact on our results of operations.

Unfavorable general economic conditions could negatively affect our business. Although it is difficult to predict the impact of general economic
conditions on our business, these conditions could adversely affect the affordability of, and customer demand for our services, and could cause
customers  to  delay  or  forgo  purchases  of  our  services.  Any  national  economic  weakness,  restricted  credit  markets,  high  inflation  or  high
unemployment  rates  could  depress  consumer  spending  and  harm  our  operating  performance.  In  addition,  any  material  adverse  economic
conditions that affect our geographic markets in particular could have a disproportionately negative impact on our results.

Negative outcomes of legal proceedings may adversely affect our business and financial condition.

We become involved in legal proceedings from time to time. While we are not currently involved in any material legal proceedings, potential
future proceedings may be complicated, costly and disruptive to our business operations. We might also incur significant expenses in defending
these matters or may be required to pay significant fines, awards and settlements. Any of these potential outcomes, such as judgments, awards,
settlements or orders could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results or our ability to do business.

Our business may be impacted by new or changing tax laws or regulations and actions by federal, state and/or local agencies, or how
judicial authorities apply tax laws.

In  connection  with  the  products  and  services  we  sell,  we  calculate,  collect  and  remit  various  federal,  state  and  local  taxes,  surcharges  and
regulatory  fees  to  numerous  federal,  state  and  local  governmental  authorities,  including  federal  USF  contributions  and  regulatory  fees.  In
addition, we incur and pay state and local taxes and fees on purchases of goods and services used in our business.

Tax laws are subject to change as new laws are passed and new interpretations of the law are issued or applied. In many cases, the application of
tax  laws  is  uncertain  and  subject  to  differing  interpretations,  especially  when  evaluated  against  new  technologies  and  telecommunications
services, such as broadband internet access and cloud related services.

In the event that we have incorrectly calculated, assessed or remitted amounts that were due to governmental authorities, we could be subject to
additional taxes, fines, penalties or other adverse actions, which could materially impact our business, financial condition and operating results.
In the event that federal, state and/or local municipalities were to significantly increase taxes on our network, operations or services, or seek to
impose new taxes, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results or ability to do business.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

The Company owns or leases switching and data centers, office and retail space, and warehouses that support its operations located across a
multi-state area covering large portions of central and western Virginia, south-central Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and portions of Maryland,
and Kentucky. The Company also has fiber optic hubs or points of presence in Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, Kentucky and West Virginia.
The Company considers the properties owned or leased generally to be in good operating condition and suitable for its business operations.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

None.

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES

OF EQUITY SECURITIES

PART II

Market Information
The Company's stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “SHEN.” The following table indicates the closing high and low
sales prices per share of common stock as reported by the Nasdaq Global Select Market for each quarter during the last two years:
2021
High
Fourth Quarter
Third Quarter
Second Quarter
First Quarter

24.44 
28.70 
46.00 
38.77 

32.15 
57.54 
50.88 
51.03 

Low

$

$

2020
Fourth Quarter
Third Quarter
Second Quarter
First Quarter

$

High

Low

$

47.47 
56.14 
58.64 
49.50 

42.87 
42.36 
44.22 
39.32 

Stock Performance Graph
The following graph and table show the cumulative total shareholder return on the Company’s common stock compared to the Nasdaq US Index and the
Nasdaq  Telecommunications  Index  for  the  period  between  December  31,  2016  and  December  31,  2021.  The  graph  tracks  the  performance  of  a  $100
investment, with the reinvestment of all dividends, from December 31, 2016 to December 31, 2021.

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Shenandoah Telecommunications Company
NDAQ US
NDAQ Telecom Stocks

$
$
$

100  $
100  $
100  $

125  $
121  $
100  $

164  $
115  $
93  $

155  $
151  $
118  $

163  $
183  $
129  $

157 
230 
136 

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

Holders
As of February 23, 2022, there were 3,676 holders of record of the Company’s common stock.

Dividend Policy
Under the Company’s credit agreement, the Company is restricted in its ability to pay dividends in the future. So long as no Default or Event of Default, as
defined in the credit agreement, the Company may make, declare and pay lawful cash dividends or distributions to its shareholders or redeem capital stock
in an aggregate amount not to exceed, when the Company’s Total Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the credit agreement) is greater than 4.00:1.00 on a pro
forma basis, an amount equal to the greater of 6.0% of the net cash proceeds from any public equity issuance of the Company’s equity interests or 4.0% of
the estimated fair market value of the Company’s equity interests or when the Company’s Total Net Leverage (as defined in the credit agreement) is less
than or equal to 4.00:1.00 on a pro forma basis, an unlimited amount; provided, however, that the amount of any dividend or distribution that is not paid in
cash  but  is  reinvested  in  equity  interests  of  the  Company  shall  be  excluded  from  this  calculation  and  redemptions  of  equity  interests  of  the  Company
surrendered by employees and directors to cover withholding taxes shall be excluded from this calculation.

The table below sets forth the cash dividends per share of our common stock that our board of directors declared during the following years:

Cash Dividend

$

0.26  $

0.27  $

0.29  $

0.34  $

18.82 

2017

Years Ended December 31,
2019

2020

2018

2021

Cash dividends in 2021 include a special dividend of $18.75 per share declared in the third quarter of 2021 (the "Special Dividend") following the sale of
our Wireless operations and assets.

Dividend Reinvestment Plan
The Company maintains a dividend reinvestment plan (the “DRIP”) for the benefit of its shareholders. When shareholders remove shares from the DRIP,
the Company issues whole shares in book entry form, pays out cash for any fractional shares, and cancels the fractional shares. In conjunction with the
vesting of shares or exercise of stock options, the grantees may surrender awards necessary to cover the statutory tax withholding requirements and any
amounts required to cover stock option strike prices associated with the transaction.

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer or Affiliated Purchasers
None.

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ITEM 6.

[Reserved]

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our consolidated financial
statements and notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In addition to historical consolidated financial information, the
following discussion and analysis may contain forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results could differ
materially from those anticipated by forward-looking statements as a result of many factors. We discuss factors that we believe could cause or contribute to
these  differences  below  and  elsewhere  in  this  Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K,  including  those  set  forth  under “Part  I.  Cautionary  Statement  Regarding
Forward-Looking Statements” and “Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors”.

Overview

Shenandoah  Telecommunications  Company  (“Shentel”,  “we”,  “our”,  “us”,  or  the  “Company”),  is  a  provider  of  a  comprehensive  range  of  broadband
communication services and cell tower colocation space in the Mid-Atlantic portion of the United States.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis is organized around our reporting segments. Refer to Item 1 above for our description of our reporting segments
and a description of their respective business activities. Also see Note 3, Discontinued Operations, and Note 15, Segment Reporting, in our consolidated
financial statements for additional information.

2021 Developments

On July 1, 2021, pursuant to the previously announced Asset Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”), dated May 28, 2021, between Shentel and
T-Mobile USA, Inc. (“T-Mobile”), Shentel completed the sale to T-Mobile of its Wireless assets and operations for cash consideration of approximately
$1.94 billion, inclusive of the approximately $60 million settlement of the waived management fees by Sprint Corporation, an indirect subsidiary of T-
Mobile  (“Sprint”),  and  net  of  certain  transaction  expenses  (the  “Transaction”).  The  Company’s  Wireless  assets  and  operations  were  classified  as
discontinued operations after Sprint delivered notice to the Company exercising its option to purchase the Wireless assets and operations on August 26,
2020.

Due  to  the  availability  of  grants  awarded  under  various  governmental  initiatives,  in  support  of  rural  fiber  to  the  home  ("FTTH")  broadband  network
expansion projects, we ceased further expansion of our fixed wireless edge-out strategy. As a result, in the fourth quarter of 2021, the Company incurred
approximately $6.0 million of expenses for impairment of expansionary Beam construction assets. The Company plans to continue to operate the existing
Beam network and continue sales and marketing activities to attract new customers; therefore, our remaining Beam assets and operations will continue to
be classified as continuing operations.

Our historical results of operations have been retroactively revised to reflect the correction of an immaterial error related to the capitalization of certain
customer installation costs for our Broadband segment. These revisions ensure comparability across all periods reflected herein. Refer to Note 1, Nature of
Operations, found in our consolidated financial statements contained herein for additional information.

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Results of Operations

Year Ended December 31, 2021 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2020

The Company’s consolidated results from operations are summarized as follows:

Year Ended December 31,

Change

($ in thousands)

Revenue
Operating expenses

Operating loss

Other income, net
Income before taxes
Income tax benefit

Income from continuing operations

$

2021
245,239 
247,669 
(2,430)

8,665 
6,235 
(1,694)
7,929 

% of Revenue

100.0  $
101.0 

(1.0)

3.5 

2.5 

(0.7)

3.2 

2020
220,775 
223,376 
(2,601)

3,187 
586 
(990)
1,576 

Income from discontinued operations, net of tax

Net income

990,902 
998,831 

$

404.1 
407.3  $

124,097 
125,673 

% of Revenue

100.0 

101.2 

(1.2)

1.4 

0.3 

(0.4)

0.7 

56.2 

56.9 

$
24,464 
24,293 
171 

5,478 
5,649 
(704)
6,353 

866,805 

873,158 

%

11.1 
10.9 
(6.6)

171.9 
964.0 
(71.1)
403.1 

698.5 

694.8 

Revenue
Revenue increased approximately $24.5 million, or 11.1%, in 2021 compared with 2020, driven by 11.6% growth in Broadband and 3.8% growth in the
Tower  segments.  Refer  to  the  discussion  of  the  results  of  operations  for  the  Tower  and  Broadband  segments,  included  within  this  annual  report,  for
additional information.

Operating expenses
Operating  expenses  increased  approximately  $24.3  million,  or  10.9%,  in  2021  compared  with  2020,  primarily  driven  by  $7.4  million  in  incremental
Broadband  operating  expenses  incurred  to  support  the  continuing  expansion  of  Glo  Fiber,  $1.7  million  of  restructuring  expenses  and  $6.0  million  of
impairment expenses incurred primarily as a result of our decision to cease expansion of Beam, $6.4 million in depreciation from growth in our broadband
networks, $5.8 million in Broadband maintenance due primarily to higher cable replacements costs, obsolete inventory charges and expensing of software
development costs related to our current ERP system that will be replaced in 2022, partially offset by a decline in corporate expenses.

Other income, net
Other  income,  net  increased  $5.5  million  primarily  due  to  actuarial  gains  recognized  for  the  Company's  post-retirement  benefit  plans  and  transitional
service agreement ("TSA") income realized in 2021.

Income tax benefit
Income tax benefit of approximately $1.7 million increased approximately $0.7 million compared with 2020, primarily due to a $5.0 million of non-cash
tax  benefits  derived  from  the  revaluation  of  our  deferred  tax  liabilities  driven  by  the  change  in  our  estimated  state  tax  rate  that  was  triggered  by  the
disposition of our Wireless assets and operations and a change in West Virginia tax regulations, partially offset by a $1.6 million reclassification of income
taxes from other comprehensive income as a result of terminating our interest rate swaps, a $1.1 million reduction in excess tax benefits from share based
compensation and other and $1.6 million as a result of changes in taxable income.

Income from discontinued operations, net of tax
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax, increased $0.9 billion, or 698.5%. The increase was primarily due to the completion of the disposition of
our Wireless assets and operations for proceeds of approximately $1.9 billion resulting in a gain of $1.2 billion, net of approximately $0.3 billion of income
tax expense.

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Broadband

Our  Broadband  segment  provides  broadband  internet,  video  and  voice  services  to  residential  and  commercial  customers  in  portions  of  Virginia,  West
Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Kentucky, via hybrid fiber coaxial cable under the brand name of Shentel, fiber optics under the brand name of Glo
Fiber  and  fixed  wireless  internet  service  under  the  brand  name  of  Beam.  The  Broadband  segment  also  leases  dark  fiber  and  provides  Ethernet  and
Wavelength fiber optic services to enterprise and wholesale customers throughout the entirety of our service area. The Broadband segment also provides
voice  and  DSL  telephone  services  to  customers  in  Virginia’s  Shenandoah  County  and  portions  of  adjacent  counties  as  a  Rural  Local  Exchange  Carrier
(“RLEC”). These integrated networks are connected by over 7,400 fiber route mile network.

The following table indicates selected operating statistics of Broadband:

December 31,
2021

December 31,
2020

December 31,
2019

Broadband homes passed (1)

Incumbent Cable
Glo Fiber
Beam

Broadband customer relationships (2)

Residential & SMB RGUs:

Broadband Data

Incumbent Cable
Glo Fiber
Beam

Video
Voice

Total Residential & SMB RGUs (excludes RLEC)

Residential & SMB Penetration (3)

Broadband Data

Incumbent Cable
Glo Fiber
Beam

Video
Voice

Residential & SMB ARPU (4)

Broadband Data

Incumbent Cable
Glo Fiber
Beam

Video
Voice

Fiber route miles
Total fiber miles (5)

313,976 
211,120 
75,189 
27,667 

123,560 

119,197 
106,345 
11,377 
1,475 
49,945 
34,513 
203,655 

38.0 %
50.4 %
15.1 %
5.3 %
15.9 %
12.8 %

$
$
$
$
$
$

78.62 
79.00 
74.02 
72.65 
100.35 
28.60 

7,392 
518,467 

246,790 
208,691 
28,652 
9,447 

109,458 

102,812 
98,555 
4,158 
99 
52,817 
32,646 
188,275 

41.7 %
47.2 %
14.5 %
1.0 %
21.4 %
14.8 %

$
$
$
$
$
$

77.93 
77.97 
78.90 
73.17 
93.17 
29.44 

6,794 
394,316 

208,298 
206,575 
1,723 
— 

100,890 

84,045 
83,919 
126 
— 
53,673 
31,380 
169,098 

40.3 %
40.6 %
7.3 %
— %
25.8 %
16.2 %

78.72 
78.72 
— 
— 
87.95 
30.68 

6,139 
320,444 

$
$
$
$
$
$

_______________________________________________________

(1) Homes and businesses are considered passed (“homes passed”) if we can connect them to our network without further extending the distribution system. Homes passed is an estimate

based upon the best available information. Homes passed will vary among video, broadband data and voice services.

(2) Customer relationships represent the number of billed customers who receive at least one of our services.
(3) Penetration is calculated by dividing the number of users by the number of homes passed or available homes, as appropriate.
(4) Average Revenue Per Data RGU calculation = (Residential & SMB Revenue * 1,000) / average data RGUs / 12 months
(5) Total fiber miles are measured by taking the number of fiber strands in a cable and multiplying that number by the route distance. For example, a 10 mile route with 144 fiber strands

would equal 1,440 fiber miles.

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Table of Contents

Broadband results from operations are summarized as follows:

($ in thousands)
Broadband operating revenue

Residential & SMB
Commercial Fiber
RLEC & Other

Total broadband revenue

Broadband operating expenses

Cost of services
Selling, general, and administrative
Restructuring expense
Impairment expense
Depreciation and amortization

Total broadband operating expenses

Broadband operating income

Year Ended December 31,

Change

2021

% of Revenue

2020

% of Revenue

$

%

$

$

177,530 
34,931 
15,619 
228,080 

97,283 
47,840 
202 
5,986 
47,937 
199,248 
28,832 

77.8  $
15.3 

6.8 

100.0 

42.7 

21.0 

0.1 

2.6 

21.0 

87.4 
12.6  $

155,017 
32,759 
16,571 
204,347 

84,893 
39,472 
— 
— 
41,076 
165,441 
38,906 

75.9 

16.0 

8.1 

100.0 %

41.5 

19.3 

— 

— 

20.1 

81.0 

19.0 

22,513 
2,172 
(952)

23,733 

12,390 
8,368 
202 
5,986 
6,861 
33,807 

14.5 
6.6 
(5.7)

11.6 

14.6 
21.2 
— 
— 
16.7 
20.4 

(10,074)

(25.9)

Residential & SMB revenue
Residential & SMB revenue increased approximately $22.5 million, or 14.5%, during 2021 primarily driven by launching services in new markets resulting
in 15.9% growth in broadband RGUs.

Commercial Fiber revenue
Commercial Fiber revenue increased approximately $2.2 million, or 6.6%, during 2021 due primarily to $1.0 million of growth in circuit connections, $0.7
million non-recurring amortized revenue reduction in 2020 and $0.5 million in non-recurring dark fiber sales-type leases in 2021.

RLEC & Other revenue
RLEC & Other revenue decreased approximately $1.0 million, or 5.7%, compared with 2020 due primarily to a decline in residential DSL subscribers,
lower switched access revenue, and lower intercompany phone service. We expect RLEC revenue to continue to decline in future periods as subscribers
migrate to faster speed data services provided by our dual-incumbent cable franchise in Shenandoah County, Virginia.

Cost of services
Cost  of  services  increased  approximately  $12.4  million,  or  14.6%,  compared  with  2020,  primarily  driven  by  $5.8  million  increase  in  maintenance  due
primarily  to  higher  cable  replacements  costs,  obsolete  network  asset  charges  and  expensing  of  software  development  costs  related  to  our  current  ERP
system, $3.6 million in higher compensation costs to support the expansion of Glo Fiber and Beam, and $1.7 million in higher programming fees.

Selling, general and administrative
Selling, general and administrative expense increased $8.4 million or 21.2% compared with 2020 primarily due to $3.8 million in higher compensation and
advertising costs to support the expansion of Glo Fiber and Beam, a $2.4 million increase in software development and service fees as we upgrade our
operating support, customer relationship and enterprise resource systems and a $1.7 million increase in property taxes, facility expense and other costs.

Restructuring expense
Restructuring expense was primarily due to severance related expenses from the sale of Wireless assets and operations.

Impairment
During the fourth quarter, we ceased further expansion of our fixed wireless edge-out strategy. As a result, in the fourth quarter of 2021, the Company
incurred approximately $6.0 million of expenses for impairment of expansionary Beam construction assets.

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Table of Contents

Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortization increased $6.9 million or 16.7%, compared with 2020, primarily as a result of our network expansion and the deployment of
infrastructure necessary to support our new fiber-to-the-home service, Glo Fiber.
Tower

Our  Tower  segment  owns  cell  towers  and  leases  colocation  space  on  the  towers  to  wireless  communications  providers.  Substantially  all  of  our  owned
towers are built on ground that we lease from the respective landlords.
The following table indicates selected operating statistics of the Tower segment:

Macro tower sites
Tenants (1)
Average tenants per tower

_______________________________________________________

December 31,
2021

December 31,
2020

December 31,
2019

223 
485 
2.1 

223 
427 
1.8 

225 
404 
1.8 

(1)

Includes 47, 221 and 201 intercompany tenants for our Wireless operations, (reported as a discontinued operation), and Broadband operations, as of December 31, 2021, 2020 and
2019, respectively.

Tower results from operations are summarized as follows:

($ in thousands)
Tower revenue
Tower operating expenses

Tower operating income

Year Ended December 31,

Change

2021

% of Revenue

2020

% of Revenue

$

%

$

$

17,704 
8,688 
9,016 

100.0  $
49.1 
50.9  $

17,055 
8,232 
8,823 

100.0 %

48.3 

51.7 

649 
456 

193 

3.8 
5.5 

2.2 

Revenue
Revenue  increased  approximately  $0.6  million,  or  3.8%,  in  2021  compared  with  2020.  This  increase  was  due  to  a  13.6%  increase  in  tenants  and  was
partially offset by a 3.2% decline in average revenue per tenant.

Operating expenses
Operating expenses increased approximately $0.5 million compared to the prior year period, due primarily to increases in ground lease rent expense, and
expansion of our tower network team resulting in higher payroll costs, partially offset by a decrease in professional services.

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Table of Contents

Year Ended December 31, 2020 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2019

The Company’s consolidated results from operations are summarized as follows:

($ in thousands)

Revenue
Operating expenses

Operating loss

Other income, net
Income before taxes

Income tax expense (benefit)

Income from continuing operations

Income from discontinued operations, net of tax

Net income

Year Ended December 31,

Change

2020
220,775 
223,376 
(2,601)

3,187 
586 
(990)
1,576 

124,097 
125,673 

$

$

$

% of Revenue

100.0  $
101.2 

(1.2)

1.4 

0.3 

(0.4)
0.7  $

56.2 
56.9  $

2019
206,862 
208,204 
(1,342)

3,280 
1,938 
6 
1,932 

53,568 
55,500 

% of Revenue

100.0 

100.6 

(0.6)

1.6 

0.9 

— 

0.9 

25.9 

26.8 

$
13,913 
15,172 
(1,259)

(93)
(1,352)
(996)
(356)

70,529 

70,173 

%

6.7 
7.3 
93.8 

(2.8)
(69.8)
(16,600.0)
(18.4)

131.7 

126.4 

Revenue
Revenue  increased  approximately  $13.9  million,  or  6.7%,  in  2020  compared  with  2019,  driven  by  31.3%  growth  in  the  Tower  and  5.4%  growth  in
Broadband segments. Refer to the discussion of the results of operations for the Tower and Broadband segments, included within this annual report, for
additional information.

Operating expenses
Operating expenses increased approximately $15.2 million, or 7.3%, in 2020 compared with 2019, driven by incremental Broadband operating expenses
incurred to support the launch of our new fiber-to-the-home service, Glo Fiber, and fixed wireless broadband service, Beam.

Income tax (benefit) expense
Income tax benefit of approximately $1.0 million declined approximately $1.0 million compared with 2019, primarily due to changes in excess tax benefits
from stock based compensation and other discrete items.

Income from discontinued operations, net of tax
Income  from  discontinued  operations,  net  of  tax,  increased  $70.5  million,  or  131.7%.  The  increase  was  primarily  driven  by  a  $48.5  million  decline  in
depreciation  and  amortization  primarily  as  a  result  of  ceasing  depreciation  and  amortization  of  assets  held  for  sale  during  the  third  quarter  of  2020,
$25.3 million increase in wireless service revenue driven by our travel revenue settlement with Sprint, a $12.1 million decline in cost of services due to
ceasing amortization on our right of use assets under operating leases during the third quarter of 2020, an $8.8 million decline in interest expense driven by
lower interest rates on our term loans, partially offset by $27.5 million of higher income tax.

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Table of Contents

Broadband

Broadband results from operations are summarized as follows:

($ in thousands)
Broadband operating revenue

Residential & SMB
Commercial Fiber
RLEC & Other

Total broadband revenue

Broadband operating expenses

Cost of services
Selling, general, and administrative
Depreciation and amortization

Total broadband operating expenses

Broadband operating income

Year Ended December 31,

Change

2020

% of Revenue

2019

% of Revenue

$

%

$

$

155,017 
32,759 
16,571 
204,347 

84,893 
39,472 
41,076 
165,441 
38,906 

75.9  $
16.0 

8.1 

100.0 

41.5 

19.3 

20.1 

81.0 
19.0  $

142,290 
30,410 
21,243 
193,943 

79,858 
33,545 
38,566 
151,969 
41,974 

73.4 

15.7 

11.0 

100.0 %

41.2 

17.3 

19.9 

78.4 

21.6 

12,727 
2,349 
(4,672)
10,404 

5,035 
5,927 
2,510 
13,472 

(3,068)

8.9 
7.7 
(22.0)
5.4 

6.3 
17.7 
6.5 
8.9 

(7.3)

Residential & SMB revenue
Residential  &  SMB  revenue  increased  approximately  $12.7  million,  or  8.9%,  during  2020  primarily  driven  by  22.3%  growth  in  broadband  RGUs  and
penetration improvement.

Commercial Fiber revenue
Commercial  Fiber  revenue  increased  approximately  $2.3  million,  or  7.7%,  during  2020  due  primarily  to  an  increase  in  new  enterprise  and  backhaul
recurring revenue of $3.9 million partially offset by a decline in amortized upfront fee revenue of $1.6 million.

RLEC & Other revenue
RLEC & Other revenue decreased approximately $4.7 million, or 22.0%, compared with 2019 due primarily to a decline in residential DSL subscribers,
lower governmental support, and lower intercompany phone service. We expect RLEC revenue to decline at a slower rate in future periods as subscribers
migrate to broadband data services.

Cost of services
Cost  of  services  increased  approximately  $5.0  million,  or  6.3%,  compared  with  2019,  primarily  driven  by  higher  compensation  expense  due  to  the
combination of Glo Fiber and Beam start-up expenses, higher incentive accrual from strong operating results driven by growth in our customer base, and
COVID supplemental pay for customer interfacing employees.

Selling, general and administrative
Selling, general and administrative expense increased $5.9 million or 17.7% compared with 2019 primarily due to increases in compensation expense of
$3.4 million, primarily as a result of Glo Fiber and Beam fixed wireless start-up costs, higher benefit plan and incentive accruals from strong operating
results and $2.8 million of higher software and professional fees.

Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortization increased $2.5 million or 6.5%, compared with 2019, primarily as a result of our network expansion and the deployment of
infrastructure necessary to support new fiber-to-the-home service, Glo Fiber, and fixed wireless solution, Beam.

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Table of Contents

Tower
Tower results from operations are summarized as follows:

($ in thousands)
Tower revenue
Tower operating expenses

Tower operating income

Year Ended December 31,

Change

2020

% of Revenue

2019

% of Revenue

$

%

$

$

17,055 
8,232 
8,823 

100.0  $
48.3 
51.7  $

12,985 
6,690 
6,295 

100.0 

51.5 

48.5 

4,070 
1,542 

2,528 

31.3 
23.0 

40.2 

Revenue
Revenue increased approximately $4.1 million, or 31.3%, in 2020 compared with 2019. This increase was due to a 5.7% increase in tenants and a 23.4%
increase in average revenue per tenant driven by amendments to intercompany leases.

Revenue derived from our wireless operations was approximately $14.0 million and $10.0 million in 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Operating expenses
Operating expenses increased approximately $1.5 million compared to the prior year period, due primarily to increases in ground lease rent expense and
professional services.

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Table of Contents

Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources

Sources and Uses of Cash: Our principal sources of liquidity are our cash and cash equivalents, cash generated from operations, and proceeds available
under our Credit Agreement.

As of December 31, 2021 our cash and cash equivalents totaled $84.3 million and the availability under our delayed draw term loans and revolving line of
credit was $400.0 million, for total available liquidity of $484.3 million.

Operating activities from continuing operations generated approximately $63.5 million in 2021, representing an increase of $10.1 million compared with
2020, driven by higher income from continuing operations offset by changes in working capital.

Operating activities from discontinued operations resulted in a cash outflow of $314.4 million as compared to cash inflows of $249.5 million in 2020 due
primarily to approximately $434 million of income tax payments paid on the gain from the 2021 disposition of our Wireless assets and operations and due
to the fact that the Wireless business was generating cash flow for the Company for a full year in 2020, compared to only six months in 2021.

Net  cash  used  in  investing  activities  for  continuing  operations  increased  $21.6  million  in  2021,  compared  with  2020,  primarily  due  to  $39.7  million
increase in capital expenditures for our Broadband segment to enable our Glo Fiber and Beam market expansions, and partially offset by a $16.1 million
decline in payments made for spectrum licenses.

Proceeds received from the July 1, 2021, disposition of our Wireless assets and operations ("the transaction") or, net cash provided by investing activities
for discontinued operations, were approximately $1.9 billion. The Company used the after-tax proceeds from the sale of our Wireless assets and operations
to:

•

•
•

Repay and terminate approximately $684 million of outstanding term loans under our "Prior Credit Agreement", and associated interest rate swap
liabilities, concurrent with the closing of the disposition;
Issue a special dividend of $18.75 per share to Company shareholders, or approximately $937 million in the aggregate (the "Special Dividend").
Pay approximately $434 million in income taxes on the transaction in December 2021.

The transaction was accounted for as an asset sale for income tax purposes. Cash proceeds from the sale were required to be used to immediately repay our
outstanding indebtedness; all principal payments on our debt were therefore presented as cash used to finance our discontinued operations.

Net cash used in financing activities from continuing operations increased approximately $0.9 billion primarily due to the payment of the Special Dividend
following the Wireless sale.

Net cash used in financing activities for discontinued operations increased $0.7 billion to due repayment of debt under our Prior Credit Agreement in 2021.

Indebtedness: On July 1, 2021, we entered into a Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with various financial institutions party thereto. The Credit
Agreement provides for the following three credit facilities (collectively, the “Facilities”), in an aggregate amount equal to $400 million: (i) a $100 million
five-year revolving credit facility (the “Revolver”), (ii) a $150 million five-year delayed draw amortizing term loan (the “Term Loan A-1”) and (iii) a $150
million  seven-year  delayed  draw  amortizing  term  loan  (the  “Term  Loan  A-2”  and,  together  with  the  Term  Loan  A-1,  the  “Term  Loans”).  The  Credit
Agreement includes a provision under which the Company may request that additional term loans be made to it in an amount not to exceed the sum of (1)
the greater of (a) $75 million and (b) 100% of Consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the Credit Agreement), calculated on a pro forma basis in accordance
with the Credit Agreement, plus (2) an additional unlimited amount subject to a maximum Total Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement)
of 4.00:1.00, calculated on a pro forma basis in accordance with the Credit Agreement, subject to the receipt of commitments from one or more lenders for
any such additional term loans and other customary conditions.

The availability of the Facilities to the Company is subject to the satisfaction or waiver of certain customary conditions set forth in the Credit Agreement.
The Company may use the proceeds from the Revolver and the Term Loans to finance capital expenditures, provide working capital, and for other general
corporate purposes, including but not limited to, funding any underfunded amounts of the nTelos pension plan to enable its termination, of the Company
and its subsidiaries. If drawn on, the Term Loans are required to be repaid in quarterly principal installments commencing on September 30, 2023, with the
unpaid balance of the Term Loans due at maturity, as set forth in the Credit Agreement.

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Table of Contents

We have not made any borrowings under the Credit Agreement as of this date. We expect to start drawing against the Credit Agreement in first quarter of
2022, with additional borrowings occurring as needed to fund the Company's future capital expenditures. We expect to draw $300 million against the Credit
Agreement by June 2023.

We expect our cash on hand, cash flow from continuing operations, and availability of funds from our Credit Agreement, will be sufficient to meet our
anticipated liquidity needs for business operations for the next twelve months. There can be no assurance that we will continue to generate cash flows at or
above  current  levels  or  that  we  will  be  able  to  raise  additional  financing  to  support  the  Company's  planned  capital  expenditures  aimed  at  growth  and
expansion.

We  expect  our  capital  expenditures  to  exceed  the  cash  flow  provided  from  continuing  operations  through  2025,  as  we  shift  our  focus  to  expand  our
broadband network to support the launch of Glo Fiber to our newly targeted markets covering over 450,000 homes passed.

The actual amount and timing of our future capital requirements may differ materially from our estimates depending on the demand for our products and
services, new market developments and expansion opportunities.

Our  cash  flows  from  continuing  operations  could  be  adversely  affected  by  events  outside  our  control,  including,  without  limitation,  changes  in  overall
economic conditions, regulatory requirements, changes in technologies, changes in competition, demand for our products and services, availability of labor
resources and capital, natural disasters, pandemics and outbreaks of contagious diseases and other adverse public health developments, such as COVID-19,
and  other  conditions.  Our  ability  to  attract  and  maintain  a  sufficient  customer  base,  particularly  in  our  Broadband  markets,  is  critical  to  our  ability  to
maintain a positive cash flow from operations. The foregoing events individually or collectively could affect our results.

Critical Accounting Policies

We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"). The preparation of these
consolidated  financial  statements  requires  us  to  make  estimates  and  assumptions  that  affect  our  reported  amounts  of  assets,  liabilities,  revenue  and
expenses, as well as related disclosures. To the extent that there are material differences between these estimates and actual results, our financial condition
or  operating  results  would  be  affected.  We  base  our  estimates  on  past  experience  and  other  assumptions  that  we  believe  are  reasonable  under  the
circumstances,  and  we  evaluate  these  estimates  on  an  ongoing  basis.  We  refer  to  accounting  estimates  of  this  type  as  critical  accounting  policies  and
estimates, which we discuss further below.

Our  significant  accounting  policies  are  described  in  Note  2,  Summary  of  Significant  Accounting  Policies  in  our  consolidated  financial  statements.  The
following  are  the  accounting  policies  that  we  believe  involve  a  greater  degree  of  judgment  and  complexity  and  are  the  most  critical  to  aid  in  fully
understanding and evaluating our consolidated financial condition and results of operations.

Revenue Recognition

Our Broadband segment provides broadband data, video and voice services to residential and commercial customers in portions of Virginia, West Virginia,
Maryland,  Pennsylvania,  and  Kentucky,  via  fiber  optic,  hybrid  fiber  coaxial  cable,  and  fixed  wireless  networks.  The  Broadband  segment  also  provides
voice  and  DSL  telephone  services  to  customers  in  Virginia’s  Shenandoah  County  and  portions  of  adjacent  counties  as  a  Rural  Local  Exchange  Carrier
(“RLEC”). Our service contracts are generally cancellable at the customer’s discretion without penalty at any time. We allocate the total transaction price in
these transactions based upon the standalone selling price of each distinct good or service. We generally recognize these revenues over time as customers
simultaneously receive and consume the benefits of the service, with the exception of equipment sales and home wiring, which are recognized as revenue at
a point in time when control transfers and when installation is complete, respectively. Installation fees, charged upfront without transfer of commensurate
goods  or  services  to  the  customer,  are  allocated  to  services  and  are  recognized  ratably  over  the  longer  of  the  contract  term  or  the  period  in  which  the
unrecognized fee remains material to the contract, which we estimate to be about one year. Additionally, the Company incurs commission costs which are
capitalized and amortized over the expected weighted average customer life which is approximately six years.

Our Broadband segment also provides Ethernet and Wavelength fiber optic services to enterprise and carrier customers under capacity agreements, and the
related revenue is recognized over time. In some cases, non-refundable upfront fees are charged for connecting enterprise or carrier customers to our fiber
network. Those amounts are recognized ratably over the longer of the contract term or the period in which the unrecognized fee remains material to the
respective contract.

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The Broadband segment also leases dedicated fiber optic strands to customers as part of “dark fiber” agreements, which are accounted for as leases under
ASC 842 Leases ("ASC 842").

Our Tower segment leases space on owned cell towers to our Broadband segment, and to other wireless carriers. Revenue from these leases is accounted
for under ASC 842.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Recently  issued  accounting  standards  and  their  expected  impact,  if  any,  are  discussed  in  Note  2,  Summary  of  Significant  Accounting  Policies  in  our
consolidated financial statements.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

The outstanding term loans under the Prior Credit Agreement, and associated interest rate swap liabilities, were repaid and terminated on July 1, 2021. We
have not drawn on the Credit Agreement as of December 31, 2021. As a result, our exposure to significant risks concerning fluctuating variable interest
rates has been mitigated. We expect to start drawing against the Credit Agreement in first quarter of 2022, with additional borrowings occurring as needed
to fund the Company's future capital expenditures. We expect to draw $300 million against the Credit Agreement by June 2023. Fluctuations in interest
rates on future borrowings could result in increased market risk.

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Our consolidated financial statements and supplementary data are included as a separate section included within Item 15 of this Annual Report on Form 10-
K commencing on page F-1 and are incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our  Chief  Executive  Officer,  Chief  Financial  Officer,  and  Principal  Accounting  Officer  (the  certifying  officers)  have  conducted  an  evaluation  of  the
effectiveness  of  the  design  and  operation  of  our  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  (as  defined  in  Rules  13a-15(e)  and  15d-15(e)  under  the  Securities
Exchange  Act  of  1934,  as  amended  (the  Exchange  Act))  as  of  December  31,  2021.  Our  certifying  officers  concluded  that,  as  a  result  of  the  material
weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting described below, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of December 31, 2021.

Per  Rules  13a-15(e)  and  15d-15(e),  the  term  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  means  controls  and  other  procedures  of  an  issuer  that  are  designed  to
ensure  that  information  required  to  be  disclosed  by  the  issuer  in  the  reports  that  it  files  or  submits  under  the  Exchange  Act  (15  U.S.C.  78a  et  seq.)  is
recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated
and communicated to the issuer’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, or persons performing similar functions,
as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

In  light  of  the  material  weaknesses  described  below,  management  performed  additional  analysis  and  other  procedures  to  ensure  that  our  consolidated
financial statements were prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). Accordingly, management believes that the
consolidated  financial  statements  included  in  this  Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K  fairly  present,  in  all  material  respects,  our  financial  position,  results  of
operations, and cash flows as of and for the periods presented, in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

As  disclosed  in  our  Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020,  the  Company  is  pursuing  a  multi-year,  phased  approach  to
remediate its material weaknesses. There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter
ended  December  31,  2021  that  have  materially  affected,  or  are  reasonably  likely  to  materially  affect,  the  Company’s  internal  control  over  financial
reporting.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)
of  the  Exchange  Act).  Because  of  its  inherent  limitations,  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  may  not  prevent  or  detect  misstatements.  Also,
projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions
or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility
that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

In order to evaluate the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, under the direction of our certifying officers, we conducted an assessment
using the criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013), issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway
Commission.

Based on this assessment, our certifying officers concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of December
31,  2021  due  to  a  material  weakness  in  our  control  environment.  Unusually  high  employee  turnover  and  multiple  priorities,  including  the  need  to
recalibrate  control  activities  for  our  smaller  continuing  operations,  upgrade  our  lease  accounting  and  enterprise  resource  planning  (ERP)  systems,  and
continue our remediation efforts placed strain on our resources. As a result, the Company did not have effective information and communication processes
and  did  not  have  effective  control  activities  related  to  i)  the  design  and  operation  of  process-level  controls  over  the  accounting  for  purchases  (current
liabilities  and  operating  expenses),  property,  plant,  and  equipment  and  related  depreciation  expense,  and  leases,  and  ii)  reaching  and  documenting
appropriate historical accounting conclusions related to capitalization of fulfillment costs, fees associated with leases, and cable replacement.

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As a result of the deficiencies described above, there were immaterial misstatements, some of which were corrected during 2021, and an immaterial error
restatement  of  the  2020  and  2019  consolidated  financial  statements.  The  deficiencies  described  above  created  a  reasonable  possibility  that  a  material
misstatement to the consolidated financial statements would not be prevented or detected on a timely basis and therefore we concluded that the deficiencies
represent material weaknesses in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting and our internal control over financial reporting was not effective
as of December 31, 2021.

Our independent registered public accounting firm, KPMG LLP, who audited the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form
10-K, issued an adverse opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. KPMG LLP’s report appears on page F-3
of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Management’s Remediation Plan

The Company is committed to completing its remediation efforts during 2022. Our 2021 accomplishments and 2022 plans are summarized below.

• We designed and began to configure new ERP and lease accounting systems that are scheduled to be implemented during 2022 along with newly
designed  controls  and  processes  over  purchasing  (current  liabilities  and  operating  expenses),  property,  plant,  and  equipment  and  related
depreciation expense, and leases.

• We  will  continue  to  re-evaluate  previously  adopted  accounting  policies  to  ensure  they  remain  appropriate  in  light  of  our  smaller  continuing

operations, and

• We will hire, retain and train individuals with the appropriate skills and experience related to technical accounting, internal control over financial

reporting, and the design and implementation of information technology solutions to ensure we meet our remediation goals.

We will report regularly to the Audit Committee on the progress and results of the remediation plan, including the identification, status, and resolution of
internal control deficiencies

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

None

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

PART III

See “Executive Officers of the Registrant” in Part 1, Item 1 of this report for information about our executive officers, which is incorporated by reference in
this  Item  10.  Other  information  required  by  this  Item  10  is  incorporated  by  reference  to  the  Company's  definitive  proxy  statement  for  its  2022  Annual
Meeting of Shareholders, referred to as the “2022 proxy statement,” which we will file with the SEC on or before 120 days after our 2021 fiscal year end,
and  which  appears  in  the  2022  proxy  statement  under  the  captions  “Election  of  Directors”  and  “Section  16(a)  Beneficial  Ownership  Reporting
Compliance.”

We  have  adopted  a  code  of  ethics  applicable  to  our  chief  executive  officer  and  all  senior  financial  officers,  who  include  our  principal  financial  officer,
principal accounting officer, and persons performing similar functions. The code of ethics, which is part of our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, is
available on our website at www.shentel.com. To the extent required by SEC rules, we intend to disclose any amendments to our code of conduct and ethics,
and  any  waiver  of  a  provision  of  the  code  with  respect  to  the  Company’s  directors,  principal  executive  officer,  principal  financial  officer,  principal
accounting  officer,  or  persons  performing  similar  functions,  on  our  website  referred  to  above  within  four  business  days  following  such  amendment  or
waiver, or within any other period that may be required under SEC rules from time to time.

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Information required by this Item 11 is incorporated herein by reference to the 2022 proxy statement, including the information in the 2022 proxy statement
appearing under the captions “Election of Directors-Director Compensation” and “Executive Compensation.”

ITEM  12. SECURITY  OWNERSHIP  OF  CERTAIN  BENEFICIAL  OWNERS  AND  MANAGEMENT  AND  RELATED  STOCKHOLDER

MATTERS

Information required by Item 12 is incorporated herein by reference to the 2022 proxy statement appearing under the caption “Security Ownership.”

The  Company  awards  stock  options  to  its  employees  meeting  certain  eligibility  requirements  under  its  shareholder-approved  Company  Stock  Incentive
Plan, referred to as the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan. The 2014 Equity Incentive Plan authorizes grants of up to an additional 3.0 million shares over a ten-
year period beginning in 2014. Outstanding awards and the number of shares available for future issuance as of December 31, 2021 were as follows:

2014 Equity Incentive Plan

482,673  $

— 

1,599,094 

Number of securities to be issued upon
exercise of outstanding options and
RSUs

Weighted average exercise
price of outstanding options

Number of securities
remaining available for future
issuance

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS, RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

Information required by Item 13 is incorporated herein by reference to the 2022 proxy statement, including the information in the 2022 proxy statement
appearing under the caption “Executive Compensation-Certain Relationships and Related Transactions.”

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

Information required by Item 14 is incorporated herein by reference to the 2022 proxy statement, including the information in the 2022 proxy statement
appearing under the caption “Shareholder Ratification of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.”

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

    The following is a list of documents filed as a part of this report:

PART IV

        (1) Financial Statements
        (2) Financial Statement Schedule
        (3) Exhibits

The exhibits required to be filed by Item 601 of Regulation S-K are listed in the Exhibit Index directly following Item 16. Form 10-K Summary,
within this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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SHENANDOAH TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANY
AND SUBSIDIARIES

Index to the Consolidated 2021 Financial Statements

Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Consolidated Financial Statements

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2021 and 2020
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Financial Statement Schedule

Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

F-1

Page
F-2

F-6
F-7
F-8
F-9
F-10

F-29

 
 
 
 
 
 
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Shareholders and Board of Directors
Shenandoah Telecommunications Company:

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We  have  audited  the  accompanying  consolidated  balance  sheets  of  Shenandoah  Telecommunications  Company  and  subsidiaries  (the  Company)  as  of
December 31, 2021 and 2020, the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in
the three-year period ended December 31, 2021, and the related notes and financial statement schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts (collectively,
the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of
the Company as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended
December 31, 2021, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s
internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued
by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated February 28, 2022 expressed an adverse opinion on the
effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Basis for Opinion

These  consolidated  financial  statements  are  the  responsibility  of  the  Company’s  management.  Our  responsibility  is  to  express  an  opinion  on  these
consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with
respect  to  the  Company  in  accordance  with  the  U.S.  federal  securities  laws  and  the  applicable  rules  and  regulations  of  the  Securities  and  Exchange
Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable
assurance  about  whether  the  consolidated  financial  statements  are  free  of  material  misstatement,  whether  due  to  error  or  fraud.  Our  audits  included
performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing
procedures  that  respond  to  those  risks.  Such  procedures  included  examining,  on  a  test  basis,  evidence  regarding  the  amounts  and  disclosures  in  the
consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as
well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The  critical  audit  matter  communicated  below  is  a  matter  arising  from  the  current  period  audit  of  the  consolidated  financial  statements  that  was
communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated
financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit matter does not
alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below,
providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Determination of costs capitalized into property, plant, and equipment

As discussed in Notes 2 and 6 to the consolidated financial statements, the property, plant, and equipment, net balance as of December 31, 2021 was
$554.2 million. The determination to capitalize, rather than expense, costs increases operating income and net income.

We identified the determination of costs capitalized into property, plant, and equipment as a critical audit matter. The nature of evidence provided,
such as third-party invoices, can lack specificity of the item acquired or activity performed and required complex judgment to determine that the costs
qualified for capitalization.

The  following  are  the  primary  procedures  we  performed  to  address  this  critical  audit  matter.  For  a  sample  of  costs  capitalized,  we  inspected  the
related  invoice(s).  For  those  invoices  lacking  specificity,  we  inspected  additional  support,  such  as  project  documentation  or  contracts.  In  certain
instances, we also involved a professional with specialized skills and knowledge in the telecommunications industry, who assisted in evaluating the
nature of the project and related costs.

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The combination of these procedures was used to independently assess the Company’s determination that such costs qualified for capitalization.

/s/ KPMG LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2001.

McLean, Virginia
February 28, 2022

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Shareholders and Board of Directors
Shenandoah Telecommunications Company:

Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

We have audited Shenandoah Telecommunications Company and subsidiaries' (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31,
2021,  based  on  criteria  established  in  Internal  Control  –  Integrated  Framework  (2013)  issued  by  the  Committee  of  Sponsoring  Organizations  of  the
Treadway  Commission.  In  our  opinion,  because  of  the  effect  of  the  material  weaknesses,  described  below,  on  the  achievement  of  the  objectives  of  the
control criteria, the Company has not maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on criteria established
in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated
balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity, and
cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2021, and the related notes and financial statement schedule II - Valuation and
Qualifying Accounts (collectively, the consolidated financial statements), and our report dated February 28, 2022 expressed an unqualified opinion on those
consolidated financial statements.

A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility
that a material misstatement of the company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The following
material weaknesses have been identified and included in management’s assessment:

The  Company  did  not  have  an  effective  control  environment  due  to  insufficient  resources.  As  a  result,  the  Company  was  unable  to  maintain  effective
information and communication processes and did not have effective control activities related to: i) the design and operation of process-level controls over
the accounting for purchases (current liabilities and operating expenses), property, plant, and equipment and related depreciation expense, and leases, and
ii) reaching and documenting appropriate historical accounting conclusions related to the capitalization of contract fulfillment costs, upfront fees associated
with lease arrangements, and cable repairs and maintenance.

The material weaknesses were considered in determining the nature, timing, and extent of audit tests applied in our audit of the 2021 consolidated financial
statements, and this report does not affect our report on those consolidated financial statements.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of
internal  control  over  financial  reporting,  included  in  the  accompanying  Management's  Report  on  Internal  Control  Over  Financial  Reporting.  Our
responsibility  is  to  express  an  opinion  on  the  Company’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  based  on  our  audit.  We  are  a  public  accounting  firm
registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the
applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable
assurance  about  whether  effective  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  was  maintained  in  all  material  respects.  Our  audit  of  internal  control  over
financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and
testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other
procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting
and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control
over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly
reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit

F-4

                
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preparation  of  financial  statements  in  accordance  with  generally  accepted  accounting  principles,  and  that  receipts  and  expenditures  of  the  company  are
being  made  only  in  accordance  with  authorizations  of  management  and  directors  of  the  company;  and  (3)  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding
prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial
statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of
effectiveness  to  future  periods  are  subject  to  the  risk  that  controls  may  become  inadequate  because  of  changes  in  conditions,  or  that  the  degree  of
compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ KPMG LLP

McLean, Virginia
February 28, 2022

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SHENANDOAH TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
December 31, 2021 and 2020

(in thousands)
ASSETS
Current assets:

Cash and cash equivalents
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $352 and $614, respectively
Income taxes receivable
Prepaid expenses and other
Current assets held for sale
Total current assets

Investments
Property, plant and equipment, net

Goodwill and Intangible assets, net
Operating lease right-of-use assets
Deferred charges and other assets

Total assets

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:

Current maturities of long-term debt, net of unamortized loan fees
Accounts payable
Advanced billings and customer deposits
Accrued compensation
Income taxes payable
Current operating lease liabilities
Accrued liabilities and other
Current liabilities held for sale
Total current liabilities
Other long-term liabilities:
Deferred income taxes
Asset retirement obligations
Benefit plan obligations
Non-current operating lease liabilities
Other liabilities
Total other long-term liabilities

Commitments and contingencies (Note 14)
Shareholders’ equity:

Common stock, no par value, authorized 96,000; 49,965 and 49,868 issued and outstanding at December 31, 2021 and
2020, respectively
Additional paid in capital
Retained earnings
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of taxes
Total shareholders’ equity

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-6

2021

2020

$

84,344  $
22,005 
30,188 
29,830 
— 
166,367 
13,661 
554,162 
89,831 
56,414 
10,298 
890,733 

$

—  $

28,542 
11,128 
9,653 
— 
3,318 
14,649 
— 
67,290 

86,014 
9,615 
8,216 
51,692 
25,631 
181,168 

195,397 
70,393 
— 
7,522 
1,133,294 
1,406,606 
13,769 
440,427 
106,759 
50,387 
6,448 
2,024,396 

688,463 
19,599 
8,594 
16,413 
6,951 
1,970 
13,869 
452,202 
1,208,061 

148,684 
4,955 
14,645 
46,095 
24,905 
239,284 

— 

— 

49,351 
592,924 
— 
642,275 
890,733  $

47,317 
534,440 
(4,706)
577,051 
2,024,396 

$

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SHENANDOAH TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
Years Ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019

(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Service revenue and other
Operating expenses:
Cost of services
Selling, general and administrative
Restructuring expense
Impairment expense
Depreciation and amortization
Total operating expenses
Operating loss
Other income, net
Income before income taxes

Income tax (benefit) expense

Income from continuing operations

Discontinued operations:

Income from discontinued operations, net of tax
Gain on the sale of discontinued operations, net of tax
Total income from discontinued operations, net of tax

Net income

Other comprehensive income:

Net gains (losses) on interest rate swaps, net of tax
Comprehensive income

Net income per share, basic and diluted:

Basic - Income from continuing operations
Basic - Income from discontinued operations, net of tax

Basic net income per share

Diluted - Income from continuing operations
Diluted - Income from discontinued operations, net of tax

Diluted net income per share

Weighted average shares outstanding, basic
Weighted average shares outstanding, diluted

Cash dividends declared per share

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-7

2021

2020

2019

$

245,239  $

220,775  $

206,862 

102,299 
82,451 
1,727 
5,986 
55,206 
247,669 
(2,430)
8,665 
6,235 
(1,694)
7,929 

94,667 
896,235 
990,902 
998,831 

89,657 
85,016 
— 
— 
48,703 
223,376 
(2,601)
3,187 
586 
(990)
1,576 

124,097 
— 
124,097 
125,673 

83,572 
77,846 
— 
— 
46,786 
208,204 
(1,342)
3,280 
1,938 
6 
1,932 

53,568 
— 
53,568 
55,500 

4,706 
1,003,537  $

(5,014)
120,659  $

(7,972)
47,528 

0.16  $
19.81  $
19.97  $

0.16  $
19.76  $
19.92  $

0.03  $
2.49  $
2.52  $

0.03  $
2.48  $
2.51  $

0.04 
1.07 
1.11 

0.04 
1.07 
1.11 

50,026 

50,149 

49,901 

50,024 

18.82  $

0.34  $

49,811 

50,101 

0.29 

$

$
$
$

$
$
$

$

Table of Contents

SHENANDOAH TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Years Ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(in thousands, except per share amounts)

Balance, December 31, 2018

Immaterial correction of accumulated error (Note 1)

Balance, December 31, 2018 (adjusted)

Net income
Net loss on interest rate swaps, net of tax
Dividends declared
Dividends reinvested in common stock
Share repurchases
Stock based compensation
Stock options exercised
Common stock issued
Shares retired for settlement of employee taxes upon issuance
of vested equity awards
Common stock issued to acquire non-controlling interest in
nTelos

Balance, December 31, 2019

Net income
Net loss on interest rate swaps, net of tax
Dividends declared
Dividends reinvested in common stock
Stock based compensation
Stock options exercised
Common stock issued
Annual dividend reinvestment
Shares retired for settlement of employee taxes upon issuance
of vested equity awards
Common stock issued to acquire non-controlling interest in
nTelos

Balance, December 31, 2020

Net income
Net gain on interest rate swaps, net of tax
Dividends declared
Stock based compensation
Shares retired for settlement of employee taxes upon issuance
of vested equity awards
Balance, December 31, 2021

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

Shares of
Common
Stock (no par
value)

49,630 

Additional
Paid in Capital
47,456 

49,630 

47,456 

— 
— 
— 
14 
(200)
184 
29 
— 

(62)

76 
49,671 

— 
— 
— 
— 
156 
— 
1 
12 

(48)

76 
49,868 

— 
— 
— 
133 

— 
— 
— 
499 
(7,231)
4,182 
81 
34 

(2,911)

— 
42,110 

— 
— 
— 
(2)
6,833 
36 
31 
526 

(2,217)

— 
47,317 

— 
— 
— 
3,661 

388,496 
(3,838)
384,658 

55,500 
— 
(14,442)
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

— 

— 
425,716 

125,673 
— 
(16,950)
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

— 

— 
534,440 

998,831 
— 
(940,347)
— 

(36)
49,965  $

(1,627)
49,351  $

— 

592,924  $

F-8

Retained
Earnings

Accumulated Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)

Total

8,280 

8,280 

— 
(7,972)
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

— 

— 
308 

— 
(5,014)
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

444,232 
(3,838)
440,394 

55,500 
(7,972)
(14,442)
499 
(7,231)
4,182 
81 
34 

(2,911)

— 
468,134 

125,673 
(5,014)
(16,950)
(2)
6,833 
36 
31 
526 

— 

(2,217)

— 
(4,706)

— 
4,706 
— 
— 

— 
—  $

— 
577,051 

998,831 
4,706 
(940,347)
3,661 

(1,627)
642,275 

Table of Contents

SHENANDOAH TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Years Ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019

(in thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities:

Net income
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax
Income from continuing operations
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation
Amortization
Accretion of asset retirement obligations
Bad debt expense
Stock based compensation expense, net of amount capitalized
Deferred income taxes
Restructuring expense
Impairment expense
Gain from patronage and investments and other
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable
Current income taxes
Operating lease right-of-use assets
Other assets
Accounts payable
Lease liabilities
Other deferrals and accruals

Net cash provided by operating activities - continuing operations
Net cash (used) provided by operating activities - discontinued operations
Net cash (used) provided by operating activities

Cash flows from investing activities:

Capital expenditures
Cash disbursed for acquisitions
Cash disbursed for deposit on FCC spectrum leases
Proceeds from sale of assets and other
Net cash used in investing activities - continuing operations
Net cash provided (used) in investing activities - discontinued operations
Net cash provided (used) in investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities:
Payments for debt issuance costs
Dividends paid, net of dividends reinvested
Share repurchases
Taxes paid for equity award issuances
Payments for financing arrangements and other
Net cash used in financing activities - continuing operations
Net cash used in financing activities - discontinued operations
Net cash used in financing activities
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

2021

2020

2019

$

$

998,831 
990,902 
7,929 

$

125,673 
124,097 
1,576 

54,389 
817 
421 
1,028 
3,408 
22,263 
1,727 
5,986 
481 

163 
(25,149)
4,779 
(7,005)
2,976 
(4,333)
(6,427)
63,453 
(314,387)
(250,934)

(160,101)
— 
— 
366 
(159,735)
1,944,089 
1,784,354 

(841)
(940,256)
— 
(1,627)
(1,193)
(943,917)
(700,556)
(1,644,473)
(111,053)
195,397 
84,344 

$

47,964 
739 
333 
1,220 
5,907 
14,906 
— 
— 
(1,311)

(7,318)
(15,896)
3,980 
(2,505)
(663)
(3,067)
7,494 
53,359 
249,508 
302,867 

(120,450)
(1,890)
(16,118)
370 
(138,088)
(17,500)
(155,588)

— 
(16,424)
— 
(2,217)
(769)
(19,410)
(34,123)
(53,533)
93,746 
101,651 
195,397 

$

$

F-9

55,500 
53,568 
1,932 

46,313 
473 
410 
1,743 
3,367 
16,681 
— 
— 
(4,769)

(74)
(16,675)
7,593 
785 
(8,426)
(4,987)
(2,037)
42,329 
216,816 
259,145 

(67,048)
(10,000)
(16,742)
112 
(93,678)
(71,656)
(165,334)

— 
(13,943)
(7,231)
(2,910)
36 
(24,048)
(53,198)
(77,246)
16,565 
85,086 
101,651 

Table of Contents

SHENANDOAH TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1. Nature of Operations

Shenandoah  Telecommunications  Company  and  its  subsidiaries  (collectively,  the  “Company”)  provide  broadband  data,  video  and  voice  services  to
residential and commercial customers in portions of Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania and Kentucky, via fiber optic, hybrid fiber coaxial
cable,  and  fixed  wireless  networks.  We  also  lease  dark  fiber  and  provide  Ethernet  and  Wavelength  fiber  optic  services  to  enterprise  and  wholesale
customers throughout the entirety of our service area. The Broadband segment also provides voice and DSL telephone services to customers in Virginia’s
Shenandoah County and portions of adjacent counties as a Rural Local Exchange Carrier (“RLEC”). These integrated networks are connected by a fiber
network. All of these operations are contained within our Broadband reporting segment.

Our Tower segment owns 223 cell towers and leases colocation space on those towers to wireless communications providers, refer to Note 15, Segment
Reporting, for additional information.

Revision of Prior Period Financial Statements

Immaterial correction of accumulated error

During  2021,  the  Company  determined  that  an  error  existed  in  our  previously  issued  financial  statements  related  to  the  capitalization  of  labor  costs
associated  with  customer  installation  activities  at  existing  service  locations  for  the  Broadband  segment.  These  activities  were  incorrectly  recognized  as
capitalized contract fulfillment costs since the adoption of Accounting Standards Codification 606, Revenue from contracts with customers, (“ASC 606”)
on January 1, 2018. The costs should have been expensed according to application of historical accounting policy in place prior to the adoption of ASC
606,  and  pursuant  to  industry  specific  guidance  ASC  922  Entertainment  –  Cable  Television.  The  error  was  evaluated  under  the  U.S.  Securities  and
Exchange  Commission's  ("SEC's")  authoritative  guidance  on  materiality  and  the  quantification  of  the  effect  of  prior  period  misstatements  on  the
Company’s financial statements. Although the Company has determined such error to be immaterial to its prior annual and interim financial statements, the
cumulative  effect  of  the  error  would  be  material  if  corrected  in  the  current  year.  Therefore,  the  Company  revised  its  historical  financial  statements  to
properly reflect the historical accounting policy elected pursuant to ASC 922. The cumulative impact of such error, relative to earnings, for the period prior
to 2019 was insignificant.

($ in thousands)
Consolidated Balance Sheet:
Prepaid expenses and other
Deferred charges and other assets
Deferred income taxes
Retained earnings

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income:

Cost of services
Income before income taxes
Income tax (benefit) expense
Income from continuing operations
Net income
Comprehensive income

Net income per share, basic and diluted:

Basic - Income from continuing operations
Basic - Net income per share
Diluted - Income from continuing operations
Diluted - Net income per share

As of and for the Year Ended
December 31, 2020
Pre-Adjustment Error Correction Post-Adjustment

(2,109) $
(5,202)
(1,968)
(5,343)

1,454 
(1,454)
(404)
(1,050)
(1,050)
(1,050)

(0.02) $
(0.02) $
(0.02) $
(0.02) $

7,522 
6,448 
148,684 
534,440 

89,657 
586 
(990)
1,576 
125,673 
120,659 

0.03 
2.52 
0.03 
2.51 

$

$
$
$
$

9,631  $
11,650 
150,652 
539,783 

88,203 
2,040 
(586)
2,626 
126,723 
121,709 

0.05  $
2.54  $
0.05  $
2.53  $

F-10

Table of Contents

($ in thousands)
Consolidated Balance Sheet:
Prepaid expenses and other
Deferred charges and other assets
Deferred income taxes
Retained earnings, beginning of year
Retained earnings, end of year

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income:

Cost of services
Income before income taxes
Income tax (benefit) expense
Income from continuing operations
Net income
Comprehensive income

Net income per share, basic and diluted:

Basic - Income from continuing operations
Basic - Net income per share
Diluted - Income from continuing operations
Diluted - Net income per share

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

As of and for the Year Ended
December 31, 2019
Pre-Adjustment Error Correction Post-Adjustment

$

$
$
$
$

11,178  $
9,267 
137,567 
388,496 
430,010 

82,949 
2,561 
173 
2,388 
55,956 
47,984 

0.05  $
1.12  $
0.05  $
1.12  $

(2,510) $
(3,349)
(1,565)
(3,838)
(4,294)

623 
(623)
(167)
(456)
(456)
(456)

(0.01) $
(0.01) $
(0.01) $
(0.01) $

8,668 
5,918 
136,002 
384,658 
425,716 

83,572 
1,938 
6 
1,932 
55,500 
47,528 

0.04 
1.11 
0.04 
1.11 

Principles of consolidation: The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Shenandoah Telecommunications Company and
all of its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions for continuing operations have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or the U.S.,
requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at
the  date  of  the  financial  statements  and  the  reported  amounts  of  revenues  and  expenses  during  the  reporting  period.  Due  to  the  inherent  uncertainty
involved in making estimates, actual results to be reported in future periods could differ from our estimates.

Cash and cash equivalents: Cash equivalents include all investments with an original maturity of three months or less. The Company places its temporary
cash investments with high credit quality financial institutions. Generally, such investments are in excess of FDIC or SIPC insurance limits.

Property, plant and equipment: Property, plant and equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. The Company capitalizes all costs associated
with the purchase, deployment and installation of property, plant and equipment, including interest costs and internal labor costs on major capital projects
during the period of their construction. Maintenance expense is recognized as incurred when repairs are performed that do not extend the life of property,
plant and equipment. Expenses for major renewals and improvements, which significantly extend the useful lives of existing property and equipment, are
capitalized and depreciated. Depreciation is calculated on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Labor costs associated with
customer  installation  activities  at  existing  service  locations  are  expensed  as  incurred  under  industry  specific  guidance.  Leasehold  improvements  are
depreciated  over  the  lesser  of  their  useful  lives  or  respective  lease  terms.  Land  is  not  depreciated.  Refer  to  Note  6,  Property,  Plant  and  Equipment,  for
additional information.

Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets: Goodwill represents the excess of acquisition costs over the fair value of tangible net assets and identifiable intangible
assets of the businesses acquired. Cable franchise rights provide us with the non-exclusive right to provide video services in a specified area. Spectrum
licenses  are  issued  by  the  Federal  Communications  Commission  (“FCC”)  and  provide  us  with  either  an  exclusive  or  priority  access  right  to  utilize
designated radio frequency spectrum within specific geographic service areas to provide wireless communication services. While some cable franchises
and spectrum licenses are issued for a fixed time (generally ten years and up to fifteen years, respectively), renewals have been granted routinely and at
nominal costs. The Company believes it will be able to meet all requirements necessary to secure renewal of its cable franchise

F-11

Table of Contents

rights and spectrum licenses. Moreover, the Company has determined that there are currently no legal, regulatory, contractual, competitive, economic or
other  factors  that  limit  the  useful  lives  of  our  cable  franchises  or  spectrum  licenses  and  as  a  result,  we  account  for  cable  franchise  rights  and  spectrum
licenses as indefinite-lived intangible assets.

Indefinite-lived  intangible  assets  are  not  amortized,  but  rather,  are  subject  to  impairment  testing  annually,  in  the  fourth  quarter,  or  whenever  events  or
changes  in  circumstances  indicate  that  the  carrying  amount  may  not  be  fully  recoverable.  These  assets  are  evaluated  for  impairment  based  on  the
identification of reporting units. Our reporting units align with our reporting segments. We evaluated our reporting units for impairment during the fourth
quarter of 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively, on the basis of qualitative factors. Our consideration of qualitative factors included but was not limited to
macroeconomic  conditions,  industry  and  market  conditions,  company  specific  events,  changes  in  circumstances,  after  tax  cash  flows  and  market
capitalization  trends.  We  concluded  that  there  were  no  indicators  that  a  reporting  unit  impairment  was  more  likely  than  not  during  the  years  ended
December 31, 2021, 2020, or 2019.

Long-lived  Assets:  Finite-lived  intangible  assets,  property,  plant,  and  equipment,  and  other  long-lived  assets  are  amortized  or  depreciated  over  their
estimated useful lives, as summarized in the respective notes below. These assets are evaluated for impairment based on the identification of asset groups.
Our asset groups align with our reportable segments. We evaluated our asset groups for impairment during the fourth quarter of 2021. We concluded that
there were no indicators that an asset group impairment was more likely than not during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, or 2019.

Advertising Costs: The Company expenses advertising costs and marketing production costs as incurred and includes such costs within selling, general and
administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. Advertising expense for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 was $4.4
million, $2.7 million and $3.5 million, respectively.

Benefit Plan Obligations: The Benefit Plan Obligations caption includes the following:

($ in thousands)
Pension Plan
Postretirement Medical Benefits Plan
Supplemental executive retirement plan ("SERP")

Total

$

$

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2020

2,393 
3,506 
2,317 
8,216 

$

$

7,961 
3,997 
2,687 
14,645 

The pension plan is a frozen defined benefit plan. Benefits under the plan vested after five years of plan service and were based on years of service and an
average of the five highest consecutive years of compensation subject to certain reductions if the employee elects to receive the benefit prior to age 65. This
plan was amended on December 31, 2012, to freeze future benefit plan accruals for participants. 

As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the fair value of our Pension Plan assets were $31.1 million and $27.0 million, respectively. These investments are
held in mutual funds, and are valued based on the net asset value per share. Our Pension Plan's projected benefit obligation was $33.5 million and $34.9
million, at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Pension Plan liability was discounted at 2.74% and 2.41% at December 31, 2021 and 2020,
respectively.

On October 13, 2021, the Company adopted a resolution to terminate its pension plan effective December 31, 2021. Following adoption of the resolution,
on  October  28,  2021,  the  Company  provided  notice  of  intent  to  terminate  the  pension  plan  to  participants.  The  Company  expects  to  complete  the
termination of the plan, and settle all obligations thereunder, in 2022.

The postretirement medical benefits plan is a frozen, unfunded, defined benefit plan. The postretirement plan liability was discounted at 2.70% and 2.32%
at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Following our adoption of ASU 2017-17, Compensation—Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and
Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost, on January 1, 2018, all components of benefit plan expense are presented in Other income, net and our policy is
to immediately recognize actuarial gains and losses into earnings.

The  SERP  is  a  benefit  plan  that  provides  deferred  compensation  to  certain  employees.  The  Company  holds  investments  in  a  rabbi  trust  as  a  source  of
funding  for  future  payments  under  the  plan.  The  SERP’s  investments  were  designated  as  trading  securities  and  will  be  liquidated  and  paid  out  to  the
participants upon retirement. The benefit obligation to participants is always equal to the value of the SERP assets under ASC 710 Compensation. Changes
to the investments’ fair value are presented in Other income, net, while the reciprocal changes in the liability representative of compensatory expense, are
presented in selling, general and administrative expense.

F-12

Table of Contents

New Accounting Standards
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04 “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial
Reporting.” This accounting update provides optional accounting relief to entities with contracts, hedge accounting relationships or other transactions that
reference  London  Interbank  Offering  Rate  (LIBOR)  or  other  interest  rate  benchmarks  for  which  the  referenced  rate  is  expected  to  be  discontinued  or
replaced. This optional relief generally allows for contract modifications solely related to the replacement of the reference rate to be accounted for as a
continuation of the existing contract instead of as an extinguishment of the contract, and therefore would not require reassessment of a previous accounting
determination.  The  Company's  Credit  Agreement  has  LIBOR  as  a  reference  rate.  We  plan  to  apply  the  accounting  relief  as  any  relevant  contract
modifications  are  made  to  our  Credit  Agreement  during  the  course  of  the  reference  rate  reform  transition  period.  The  optional  relief  can  be  applied
beginning January 1, 2020, and ending December 31, 2022.

We adopted ASU No. 2018-02-Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income, ("ASC 220"),  as  of  January  1,  2019.  We  elected  not  to  reclassify
stranded income tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive income (OCI) to retained earnings. We utilize the portfolio approach as our policy to
release the income tax effects from accumulated OCI as the entire portfolio is liquidated, sold, or extinguished.

In November 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-10, “Government Assistance (Topic 832), Disclosures by Business Entities About Government Assistance,”
which  requires  entities  to  provide  disclosures  on  material  government  assistance  transactions  for  annual  reporting  periods.  The  disclosures  include
information  about  the  nature  of  the  assistance,  the  related  accounting  policies  used  to  account  for  government  assistance,  the  effect  of  government
assistance on the entity’s financial statements and any significant terms and conditions of the agreements, including commitments and contingencies. The
new standard is effective for the Corporation on January 1, 2022 and only impacts annual financial statement disclosures. The adoption is not expected to
have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

Note 3. Discontinued Operations

On August 26, 2020, Sprint Corporation ("Sprint"), an indirect subsidiary of T-Mobile US, Inc., ("T-Mobile"), on behalf of and as the direct or indirect
owner of Sprint PCS, delivered notice to the Company exercising its option to purchase the assets and operations of our Wireless operations for 90% of the
“Entire Business Value” (as defined under our affiliate agreement and determined pursuant to the appraisal process set forth therein). Shortly thereafter, the
Company committed to a plan to sell the discontinued Wireless operations.

On July 1, 2021, pursuant to the previously announced Asset Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”), dated May 28, 2021, between Shentel and
T-Mobile, Shentel completed the sale to T-Mobile of its Wireless assets and operations for cash consideration of approximately $1.94 billion, inclusive of
the approximately $60 million settlement of the waived management fees by Sprint, and net of certain transaction expenses (the “Transaction”).

The assets and liabilities that transferred in the sale (the "disposal group") were presented as held for sale within our historical consolidated balance sheets,
and discontinued operations within our historical consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

The transaction was structured as an asset sale for income tax purposes. As a result, no current or deferred tax assets or liabilities were included within the
disposal  group.  While  the  Company’s  long-term  debt  did  not  transfer  in  the  sale,  its  provisions  required  full  repayment  of  all  outstanding  amounts,
concurrent with the consummation of the sale. Accordingly, all debt balances and related interest rate swap liabilities were therefore presented outside of
the disposal group as a current liability as of December 31, 2020, and. the related interest expense and debt extinguishment costs were presented within
discontinued operations under the relevant authoritative guidance.

F-13

Table of Contents

The carrying amounts of the major classes of assets and liabilities, classified as held for sale in the consolidated balance sheets, were as follows:

(in thousands)
ASSETS

Inventory
Prepaid expenses and other
Property, plant and equipment, net
Intangible assets, net
Goodwill
Operating lease right-of-use assets
Deferred charges and other assets

Current assets held for sale

LIABILITIES

Current operating lease liabilities
Accrued liabilities and other
Asset retirement obligations

Current liabilities held for sale

December 31,
2020

$

$

$

$

5,746 
47,003 
299,647 
176,459 
146,383 
421,586 
36,470 
1,133,294 

409,887 
8,770 
33,545 
452,202 

Income  from  discontinued  operations,  net  of  tax  in  the  consolidated  statements  of  comprehensive  income  consist  of  the  following  for  the  years  ended
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019:
(in thousands)
Revenue:

2020

2019

2021

Service revenue and other
Equipment revenue
Total revenue
Operating expenses:
Cost of services
Cost of goods sold
Selling, general and administrative
Severance expense
Depreciation and amortization
Total operating expenses
Operating income
Other (expense) income:

Debt extinguishment
Interest expense and other, net
Gain on sale of disposition of Wireless assets and operations
Income before income taxes

Income tax expense

Income from discontinued operations, net of tax

$

$

201,076  $
12,253 
213,329 

401,035  $
41,338 
442,373 

38,144 
11,964 
17,514 
465 
— 
68,087 
145,242 

(11,032)
(9,178)
1,227,531 
1,352,563 
361,661 
990,902  $

116,394 
40,642 
34,011 
— 
62,930 
253,977 
188,396 

— 
(20,455)
— 
167,941 
43,844 
124,097  $

375,730 
67,659 
443,389 

128,482 
65,148 
39,128 
— 
111,467 
344,225 
99,164 

— 
(29,286)
— 
69,878 
16,310 
53,568 

Consummation of the sale triggered the recognition of approximately $21.2 million of incremental selling costs during 2021, for contingent deal advisory
fees and severance expenses, which are netted against the gain on sale of disposition of Wireless assets and operations. In addition, also triggered by the
disposition  event,  we  recognized  an  $11.0  million  loss  on  debt  extinguishment  and  incurred  interest  expense  of  approximately  $2.6  million  on  the
termination of our interest rate swaps in connection with the Wireless sale.

F-14

Table of Contents

The Company generated $10.2 million in revenue from T-Mobile throughout the remainder of 2021 after the consummation of the sale.

Note 4. Revenue from Contracts with Customers
Our Broadband segment provides broadband data, video and voice services to residential and commercial customers in portions of Virginia, West Virginia,
Maryland, Pennsylvania and Kentucky, via fiber optic, hybrid fiber coaxial cable, and fixed wireless networks. The Broadband segment also provides voice
and DSL telephone services to customers in Virginia’s Shenandoah County and portions of adjacent counties as a Rural Local Exchange Carrier (“RLEC”).

These  contracts  are  generally  cancellable  at  the  customer’s  discretion  without  penalty  at  any  time.  We  allocate  the  total  transaction  price  in  these
transactions  based  upon  the  standalone  selling  price  of  each  distinct  good  or  service.  We  generally  recognize  these  revenues  over  time  as  customers
simultaneously receive and consume the benefits of the service, with the exception of equipment sales and home wiring, which are recognized as revenue at
a point in time when control transfers and when installation is complete, respectively. Installation fees charged upfront without transfer of commensurate
goods  or  services  to  the  customer  are  allocated  to  services  and  are  recognized  ratably  over  the  longer  of  the  contract  term  or  the  period  in  which  the
unrecognized fee remains material to the contract, which we estimate to be about one year. Additionally, the Company incurs commission costs related to
in-house and third-party vendors which are capitalized and amortized over the expected weighted average customer life which is approximately six years.

Below is a summary of the Broadband segment's capitalized contract acquisition costs:

(in thousands)
Beginning Balance
Commission payments
Contract amortization

Ending Balance

2021

2020

$

$

7,358  $
3,229 
(2,440)
8,147  $

5,147 
4,399 
(2,188)
7,358 

Our  Broadband  segment  also  provides  Ethernet  and  Wavelength  fiber  optic  services  to  commercial  fiber  customers  under  capacity  agreements,  and  the
related revenue is recognized over time. In some cases, non-refundable upfront fees are charged for connecting commercial fiber customers to our fiber
network. Those amounts are recognized ratably over the longer of the contract term or the period in which the unrecognized fee remains material to the
respective contract. A related contract liability of $3.5 million at December 31, 2021, is expected to be recognized into revenue at the rate of approximately
$0.2 million per year.

The Broadband segment also leases dedicated fiber optic strands to customers as part of “dark fiber” agreements, which are accounted for as leases under
ASC 842.

Our Tower segment leases space on owned cell towers to our Broadband segment, and to other wireless carriers. Revenue from these leases is accounted
for under ASC 842.

Refer to Note 15, Segment Reporting, for a summary of these revenue streams.

No customers accounted for more than 10% of revenue for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 and no customer made up more than 10%
of accounts receivable at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

Note 5. Investments

Investments consist of the following:

(in thousands)
SERP Investments at fair value
Cost method investments
Equity method investments
Total investments

December 31,
2021

December 31,
2020

$

$

2,317  $
11,004 
340 
13,661  $

2,687 
10,536 
546 
13,769 

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Table of Contents

SERP Investments at fair value: The Company holds the SERP investments in a rabbi trust as a source of funding for future payments under the plan. The
SERP’s investments were designated as trading securities and will be liquidated and paid out to the participants six months after retirement. The benefit
obligation to participants is always equal to the value of the SERP assets under ASC 710, Compensation.

Cost Method Investments: Our investment in CoBank’s Class A common stock, derived from the CoBank patronage program, represented substantially all
of  our  cost  method  investments  with  a  balance  of  $10.3  million  and  $9.8  million  at  December  31,  2021  and  2020,  respectively.  We  recognized
approximately  $2.0  million,  $4.2  million  and  $4.2  million  of  patronage  income  in  Other  income  (expense)  in  2021,  2020  and  2019,  respectively.
Historically, approximately 75% of the patronage distributions were collected in cash and 25% in equity.

Equity  Method  Investments:  At  December  31,  2021,  the  Company  had  a  20.0%  ownership  interest  in  Valley  Network  Partnership  (“ValleyNet”).  The
Company and ValleyNet purchase capacity on one another’s fiber network. We recognized revenue of $0.7 million, $0.9 million, and $1.0 million from
providing service to ValleyNet during 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. We recognized cost of service of $1.2 million, $2.7 million, and $3.0 million for
the use of ValleyNet’s network during 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively.

Note 6. Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment consisted of the following:

($ in thousands)
Land
Land improvements
Buildings and structures
Cable and fiber
Equipment and software

Plant in service

Plant under construction

Total property, plant and equipment

Less: accumulated amortization and depreciation

Property, plant and equipment, net

Estimated Useful
Lives

December 31,
2021

December 31,
2020

10 years
10 - 45 years
15 - 30 years
4 - 8 years

$

$

3,771  $
3,478 
96,323 
453,405 
391,293 
948,270 
79,963 
1,028,233 
474,071 
554,162  $

3,909 
2,910 
91,335 
390,209 
331,047 
819,410 
49,417 
868,827 
428,400 
440,427 

Property, plant and equipment net, increased due primarily to capital expenditures in the Broadband segment driven by our Glo Fiber market expansion. In
Q4  2021,  the  Company  ceased  expansion  of  its  Beam  network,  resulting  in  abandonment  of  related  property,  plant  and  equipment.  Consequently,  the
Company recorded $6.0 million of impairment charges related to abandonment of Beam property, plant and equipment after estimating the salvage value
based on quoted prices for the assets.

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Note 7. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

The Company's intangible assets consisted of the following:

(in thousands)
Goodwill - Broadband
Indefinite-lived intangibles:

Cable franchise rights
FCC spectrum licenses
Railroad crossing rights
Total indefinite-lived intangibles

Finite-lived intangibles:
FCC spectrum licenses
Subscriber relationships
Other intangibles
Total finite-lived intangibles

Total goodwill and intangible assets

$

$

$

Gross
Carrying
Amount

December 31, 2021
Accumulated
Amortization
and Other

Net

Gross
Carrying
Amount

December 31, 2020
Accumulated
Amortization and
Other

Net

3,244  $

—  $

3,244  $

3,244  $

—  $

3,244 

64,334  $
13,839 
141 
78,314 

6,811 
28,425 
463 
35,699 
117,257  $

—  $
— 
— 
— 

64,334  $
13,839 
141 
78,314 

64,334  $
29,958 
141 
94,433 

—  $
— 
— 
— 

64,334 
29,958 
141 
94,433 

(672)
(26,451)
(303)
(27,426)
(27,426) $

6,139 
1,974 
160 
8,273 
89,831  $

6,811 
28,425 
463 
35,699 
133,376  $

(340)
(26,000)
(277)
(26,617)
(26,617) $

6,471 
2,425 
186 
9,082 
106,759 

During the third quarter of 2020, the Company was awarded certain indefinite-lived Citizens Broadband Radio Service ("CBRS") spectrum licenses to be
used within the Broadband segment. The Company paid an aggregate deposit of $16.1 million with the licenses subject to final approval and issuance by
the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”). The licenses will provide us priority access rights over general access users other than incumbents, in
that specific band, in accordance with the FCC’s three-tier CBRS band spectrum sharing framework to utilize designated radio frequency spectrum within
specific  geographic  service  areas  to  provide  wireless  communication  services.  The  FCC  has  delayed  the  issuance  of  the  licenses  because  the  allowable
spectrum ownership levels for certain of our investors would be exceeded should the licenses be issued. The Company is currently in discussions with the
FCC  and  is  considering  to  forego  the  issuance  of  certain  licenses  included  in  this  transaction  covering  15  markets  with  a  cost  basis  of  approximately
$4.5 million in exchange for a refund and expects resolution in early 2022. The entire deposit of $16.1 million is classified within prepaid expenses and
other in the Company's consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2021.
For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, amortization expense was approximately $0.8 million, $0.7 million and $0.5 million, respectively.

Our finite-lived intangible assets are amortized over the following estimated useful lives:

FCC spectrum licenses
Subscriber relationships
Other intangibles

Estimated Useful Life
18 - 30 years
3 - 10 years
15 - 20 years

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The following table summarizes expected amortization of intangible assets at December 31, 2021:

(in thousands)

Amortization of Intangible Assets

2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
Thereafter
Total

$

$

772 
772 
772 
768 
427 
4,762 
8,273 

Note 8.     Other Assets and Accrued Liabilities

Prepaid expenses and other, classified as current assets, included the following:

(in thousands)
Deposit for FCC spectrum licenses
Prepaid maintenance expenses
Broadband contract acquisition costs
SERP investments
Other

Prepaid expenses and other

Deferred charges and other assets, classified as long-term assets, included the following:

(in thousands)
Broadband contract acquisition costs
Prepaid expenses and other

Deferred charges and other assets

Accrued liabilities and other, classified as current liabilities, included the following:

(in thousands)
Interest rate swaps
Accrued programming costs
Sales and property taxes payable
Restructuring accrual
Other current liabilities

Accrued liabilities and other

December 31,
2021

December 31,
2020

16,118  $
8,391 
2,502 
801 
2,018 
29,830  $

— 
4,018 
2,308 
— 
1,196 
7,522 

December 31,
2021

December 31, 2020

5,645  $
4,653 
10,298  $

5,050 
1,398 
6,448 

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2020

—  $

3,084 
1,065 
1,761 
8,739 
14,649  $

4,048 
2,868 
1,072 
— 
5,881 
13,869 

$

$

$

$

$

$

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Table of Contents

Other liabilities, classified as long-term liabilities, included the following:

(in thousands)
Noncurrent portion of deferred lease revenue
FCC spectrum license obligations
Noncurrent portion of financing leases
Other

Other liabilities

Restructuring activities

December 31,
2021

December 31, 2020

$

$

19,749  $
3,807 
1,614 
461 
25,631  $

18,687 
3,845 
1,492 
881 
24,905 

During 2021, in connection with the disposition of our Wireless segment, we implemented a restructuring plan whereby certain employees were notified of
their pending dismissal under the workforce reduction program. The following table identifies severance activity that has occurred as a result of the plan:

(in thousands)
Beginning Balance January 1, 2021
Expense (1)
Payments (2)

Ending Balance - December 31, 2021

_______________________________________________________

Year Ended
December 31, 2021

— 
3,862 
(2,101)
1,761 

$

$

(1) For the year ended December 31, 2021, approximately $2.2 million of expense was recognized within discontinued operations and $1.7 million in continuing operations.
(2) For the year ended December 31, 2021, approximately $1.4 million of payments were attributable to discontinued operations and $0.7 million in continued operations.

Asset Retirement Obligations:

Our  asset  retirement  obligations  ("ARO")  arise  from  certain  of  our  leases  and  generally  require  us  to  remove  our  towers  from  ground  leases.  The
Company's estimates related to ARO were revised during 2021 resulting in recognition of an additional obligation of $4.3 million. Below is a summary of
our current and non-current asset retirement obligations:

(in thousands)
Balance at beginning of year
Additional liabilities accrued
Changes to prior estimates
Payments
Accretion expense
Balance at end of year

Note 9. Leases

2021

Years Ended December 31,
2020

2019

5,113  $
4,334 
(44)
— 
421 
9,824  $

6,152  $
262 
(1,633)
— 
332 
5,113  $

8,808 
593 
(3,659)
— 
410 
6,152 

$

$

We adopted ASC 842 on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective method. We applied the package of practical expedients and, as a result, did not
reassess prior conclusions regarding lease identification, lease classification and initial direct costs under the new standard. In those circumstances where
the Company is the lessee, we elected to account for non-lease components associated with our leases (e.g., maintenance costs) and lease components as a
single lease component for substantially all of our asset classes.

We lease various telecommunications sites, warehouses, retail stores, and office facilities for use in our business. These agreements include fixed rental
payments  as  well  as  variable  rental  payments,  such  as  those  based  on  relevant  inflation  indices.  The  accounting  lease  term  includes  optional  renewal
periods that we are reasonably certain to exercise based on our assessment of relevant contractual and economic factors. The related lease payments are
discounted at lease commencement using the Company's incremental borrowing rate in order to measure the lease liability and ROU asset.

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Table of Contents

The incremental borrowing rate is determined using a portfolio approach based on the rate of interest that the Company would have to pay to borrow an
amount equal to the lease payments on a collateralized basis over a similar term. The Company uses the observable unsecured borrowing rate and risk-
adjusts that rate to approximate a collateralized rate. At December 31, 2021, our operating leases had a weighted average remaining lease term of twenty
years and a weighted average discount rate of 4.4%. Our finance leases had a weighted average remaining lease term of fourteen years and a weighted
average discount rate of 5.2%.

During 2021, we recognized $7.1 million of operating lease expense and $0.6 million of interest and depreciation expense on finance leases. Operating
lease expense is presented in cost of service or selling, general and administrative expense based on the use of the relevant facility. Variable lease payments
and short-term lease expense were both immaterial. We remitted $5.6 million of operating lease payments during 2021. We also obtained $11.1 million and
$6.8 million of leased assets in exchange for new operating lease liabilities recognized during 2021 and 2020, respectively.

The following table summarizes the expected maturity of lease liabilities at December 31, 2021:
(in thousands)
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027 and thereafter
Total lease payments
Less: Interest

Operating Leases

$

5,546  $
5,159 
4,815 
4,636 
4,150 
65,909 
90,215 
35,205 
55,010  $

Present value of lease liabilities

$

Finance Leases

Total

180  $
182 
184 
186 
159 
1,503 
2,394 
696 
1,698  $

5,726 
5,341 
4,999 
4,822 
4,309 
67,412 
92,609 
35,901 
56,708 

We recognized $11.1 million of operating lease revenue during 2021 related to the cell site colocation space and dedicated fiber optic strands that we lease
to our customers, which is included in service and other revenue in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Substantially all of our lease
revenue relates to fixed lease payments.

Below is a summary of our contractual minimum rental receipts expected under the lease agreements in place at December 31, 2021:
(in thousands)
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027 and thereafter

Operating Leases

$

14,460 
12,947 
12,083 
11,134 
8,198 
28,915 
87,737 

Total

Note 10. Debt

$

Our cash payments for interest were $10.4 million and $18.6 million during 2021 and 2020, respectively.

As discussed in Note 3, Discontinued Operations, upon consummation of the Transaction, the Company used approximately $681 million of the proceeds
received  from  the  sale  to  fully  repay  all  outstanding  principal  amounts  under,  and  terminate  the  Credit  Agreement  existing  as  of  June  30,  2021  ("Prior
Credit Agreement").

On July 1, 2021, the Company entered into a Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with various financial institutions thereto (the “Lenders”) and
CoBank,  ACB,  as  administrative  agent  for  the  Lenders  (in  such  capacity,  the  “Administrative  Agent”).  The  Credit  Agreement  provides  for  three  credit
facilities  (collectively,  the  “Facilities”),  in  an  aggregate  amount  equal  to  $400  million:  (i)  a  $100  million  five-year  revolving  credit  facility  (the
“Revolver”), (ii) a $150 million five-year delay draw

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Table of Contents

amortizing term loan (the “Term Loan A-1”) and (iii) a $150 million seven-year delay draw amortizing term loan (the “Term Loan A-2” and, together with
the Term Loan A-1, the “Term Loans”). The Credit Agreement includes a provision under which the Company may request that additional term loans be
made  to  it  in  an  amount  not  to  exceed  the  sum  of  (1)  the  greater  of  (a)  $75  million  and  (b)  100%  of  Consolidated  EBIDTA  (as  defined  in  the  Credit
Agreement), calculated on a pro forma basis in accordance with the Credit Agreement, plus (2) an additional unlimited amount subject to a maximum Total
Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) of 4.00:1.00, calculated on a pro forma basis in accordance with the Credit Agreement, subject to
the receipt of commitments from one or more lenders for any such additional term loans and other customary conditions.

The Company may use the proceeds from the Revolver and the Term Loans to finance capital expenditures, provide working capital, and for other general
corporate purposes of the Company and its subsidiaries, including the payment of fees and expenses in connection with the foregoing. The Term Loans,
when drawn upon, are to be repaid in quarterly principal installments commencing on September 30, 2023, with the unpaid balance of the Term Loans due
at maturity, as set forth in the Credit Agreement. Interest payments on outstanding loans are required monthly, beginning in the period of the initial and any
subsequent draws.

Rates for borrowing under the Credit Agreement are based, at the Company’s election, upon whether the borrowing is a LIBOR loan or a base rate loan.
LIBOR loans will bear interest at an adjusted LIBOR rate (which shall be no less than 0.00%) plus an applicable margin ranging from 1.50% to 2.75% for
the Term Loan A-1 and the Revolver and from 1.50% to 3.00% for the Term Loan A-2, depending on the Company’s Total Net Leverage Ratio. Base rate
loans will bear interest at a base rate plus an applicable margin ranging from 0.50% to 1.75% for the Term Loan A-1 and the Revolver and from 0.50% to
2.00% for the Term Loan A-2, depending on the Company’s Total Net Leverage Ratio. In addition, under the terms of the Credit Agreement, the Company
agrees to pay the Lenders a fee on undrawn portions of the Term Loans and Revolver from time to time. This fee rate is dependent on the Company’s Total
Net Leverage Ratio and ranges from a rate per annum equal to 0.200% to 0.375%.

The Credit Agreement contains representations and warranties, and affirmative and negative financial covenants usual and customary for similar secured
credit  facilities,  each  of  which  are  applicable  to  the  Company  and  its  subsidiaries,  including  covenants  governing  the  ability  of  the  Company  and  its
subsidiaries,  subject  to  negotiated  exceptions,  to  incur  additional  indebtedness  and  additional  liens  on  their  assets,  engage  in  mergers  or  acquisitions  or
dispose of assets, pay dividends or make other distributions, enter into transactions with affiliated persons, make investments or change the nature of the
Company’s and its subsidiaries’ businesses. The Company is also subject to certain financial covenants to be measured on a trailing twelve month basis on
the last day of each calendar quarter. These covenants include:

• maintaining  a  Total  Net  Leverage  Ratio  (as  defined  in  the  Credit  Agreement)  not  greater  than  4.25  to  1.00  (subject  to  customary  increased

leverage periods following certain qualifying acquisitions); and

• maintaining a Debt Service Coverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) not less than 2.00 to 1.00.

Indebtedness outstanding under any of the Facilities may be accelerated upon the occurrence of an Event of Default (as defined in the Credit Agreement).
As of December 31, 2021, the Company had not drawn on the Term Loans or the Revolver and was in compliance with the financial covenants in its credit
agreements.

The International Exchange (ICE) Benchmark Administration (the “IBA”) ceased the publication of one-week and two-month LIBOR on December 31,
2021 and expects to phase-out the remaining tenors (overnight, one-month, three-month, six-month and 12-month) on June 30, 2023. Our term loans and
revolver identify LIBOR as a reference rate for tenors ceasing on June 30, 2023 and mature after 2023. Alternative reference rates that replace LIBOR may
not yield the same or similar economic results over the terms of the financial instruments. The transition from LIBOR could result in us paying higher or
lower interest rates on our current LIBOR-indexed Term Loans. Our Credit Agreement includes provisions that provide for the identification of a LIBOR
replacement  rate.  Due  to  the  uncertainty  regarding  the  transition  from  LIBOR-indexed  financial  instruments  and  the  manner  in  which  an  alternative
reference rate will apply, we cannot yet reasonably estimate the expected financial impact of the LIBOR transition. Any changes to the reference rate will
be agreed through an amendment to the Credit Agreement and are expected to reference the Secured Overnight Financing Rate, though the timing of such
amendment and applicability to any future amounts owed under the Credit Agreement are not certain at this time.

Note 11. Derivatives and Hedging
As discussed in Note 3, Discontinued Operations, upon consummation of the Transaction, the Company used approximately $2.6 million of the proceeds
received  from  the  sale  to  fully  satisfy  its  obligations  under,  and  terminate,  the  interest  rate  swaps.  Amounts  reclassified  from  accumulated  other
comprehensive income (loss) are presented as part of income from discontinued operations.

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Table of Contents

The table below summarizes changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component, including the reclassification from accumulated
other comprehensive income (loss) into earnings following the swap termination:

(in thousands)
Balance as of December 31, 2020
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to
interest expense
Net current period other comprehensive (loss) income

Balance as of December 31, 2021

Note 12. Income Taxes

(Losses) Gains on
Cash Flow
Hedges

Income Tax
(Expense)
Benefit

Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
(Loss) Income, net of
taxes

$

$

(4,048) $
1,447 

2,601 
4,048 

—  $

(658) $
(361)

1,019 
658 
—  $

(4,706)
1,086 

3,620 
4,706 
— 

The Company files a consolidated U.S. federal income tax return and various state income tax returns. The provision for the federal and state income taxes
attributable to income (loss) consists of the following components:

(in thousands)
Current (benefit) expense

Federal taxes
State taxes
Total current provision
Deferred expense (benefit)

Federal taxes
State taxes
Total deferred provision
Income tax (benefit) expense
Effective tax rate

2021

Years Ended December 31,
2020

2019

$

$

(21,392)
(2,565)
(23,957)

25,518 
(3,255)
22,263 
(1,694)

(27.2)%

$

$

(13,748)
(2,148)
(15,896)

13,325 
1,581 
14,906 
(990)
(168.9)%

$

$

(16,393)
(282)
(16,675)

16,286 
395 
16,681 
6 
0.3 %

A reconciliation of income tax expense (benefit) determined by applying the federal and state tax rates to income before income taxes is as follows:

(in thousands)
Expected tax expense at federal statutory
State income taxes, net of federal tax effect
Revaluation of deferred tax liabilities
Stranded tax effects reclassified from other comprehensive income
Excess tax benefit from share based compensation and other expense, net

Income tax (benefit) expense

$

$

2021

Years Ended December 31,
2020

2019

1,310  $
438 
(5,206)
1,620 
144 
(1,694) $

24  $
54 
— 
— 
(1,068)

(990) $

371 
15 
— 
— 
(380)
6 

The effective tax rate in 2021 decreased from 2020, primarily as a result of recognition of non-cash deferred tax benefits triggered by the disposition of
Wireless  assets  and  operations,  (see  Note  3  –  Discontinued  Operations),  which  drove  a  reduction  in  the  Company’s  future  estimated  tax  rate,  as
apportionable income and expenses for higher tax rate jurisdictions was reduced, resulting in a revaluation of deferred tax liabilities during the year ended
December 31, 2021.

The Company's net cash payments for income taxes were $459.1 million in the year ended December 31, 2021, which included $434.3 million of payments
related to the taxable gain from the sale of the Wireless business. The Company's cash payments for income taxes were $11.2 million in the year ended
December 31, 2020.

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Table of Contents

Deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities  are  measured  using  enacted  tax  rates  that  are  expected  to  apply  in  the  year  of  reversal  or  settlement  and  arise  from
temporary differences between the US GAAP and tax bases of the following assets and liabilities:

(in thousands)
Deferred tax assets:

Leases
Asset retirement obligations
Net operating loss carry-forwards
Pension liabilities
Accruals and stock based compensation
Other

Total gross deferred tax assets

Less valuation allowance
Net deferred tax assets

Deferred tax liabilities:

Property, plant and equipment
Leases
Intangible assets
Prepaid assets and other

Total gross deferred tax liabilities

Net deferred tax liabilities

December 31,
2021

December 31,
2020

$

$

15,483 
2,581 
5,878 
2,148 
2,572 
6,300 
34,962 
— 
34,962 

92,449 
15,410 
10,710 
2,407 
120,976 
86,014 

$

$

123,129 
10,403 
7,723 
3,868 
3,093 
5,002 
153,218 
— 
153,218 

127,602 
126,458 
25,722 
22,120 
301,902 
148,684 

In assessing the ability to realize deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax
assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon generating future taxable income during the periods in which
those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income,
taxable  income  in  prior  carryback  years  if  available  and  tax  planning  strategies  in  making  this  assessment.  Based  upon  the  level  of  historical  taxable
income,  projections  for  future  taxable  income  over  the  periods  for  which  the  deferred  tax  assets  are  deductible,  and  the  option  to  elect  out  of  bonus
depreciation on in-serviced fixed assets, the Company believes it more likely than not that the net deferred tax assets will be realized.

The Company has a deferred tax asset of $5.9 million related to federal and various state net operating losses. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had
approximately  $27.8  million  of  federal  net  operating  losses  expiring  through  2027.  The  Company  also  had  approximately  $0.3  million  of  state  net
operating losses expiring through 2036.

As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company had no unrecognized tax benefits. 

The  Company  is  not  currently  subject  to  state  or  federal  income  tax  audits  as  of  December  31,  2021.  The  Company's  returns  are  generally  open  to
examination from 2018 forward and the net operating losses acquired from nTelos are open to examination from 2002 forward.

Note 13. Stock Compensation, Earnings per Share, and Dividends

The Company's 2014 Stock Incentive Plan ("the Plan") allows for the grant of equity based incentive compensation to all employees. The Plan authorizes
grants of up to an additional 3,000,000 shares over a ten-year period beginning in 2014. Under the Plan, grants may take the form of stock awards, awards
of options to acquire stock, stock appreciation rights, and other forms of equity based compensation; both options to acquire stock and stock awards were
granted. 

The Company granted approximately 200 thousand restricted stock units (RSUs) to employees and directors during 2021 at an average market price of
$28.99. The Company also granted, approximately 59 thousand performance-based Relative Total Shareholder Return (“RTSR”) awards to employees at an
average value of $34.05 during 2020.

F-23

Table of Contents

On July 2, 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a special dividend of $18.75 per share on the issued and outstanding shares of the Company’s
common stock (the “Special Dividend”). On August 4, 2021, in accordance with the Plan, the Company's Board of Directors adopted a resolution to modify
the outstanding equity awards to offset the grantees’ loss in intrinsic value caused by the disposition of wireless and the decline in the Company's share
price following the Special Dividend. Approximately 81 thousand awards were issued, split between RSUs and RTSRs, as a result of this modification. No
other  terms  or  conditions  of  the  outstanding  equity  awards  were  modified,  no  incremental  expense  was  required  to  be  recognized,  and  there  was  no
significant impact to dilutive securities.

The Company's RSUs generally have service requirements only or performance and service requirements with vesting periods ranging from one year for
directors to four years for employees. RTSR awards generally vest over an approximate three year period. The performance factor applied to the RTSR
awards is based upon the Company's stock performance compared to a group of peer companies. The actual number of shares to be issued can range from
0% to 150% of the awards granted.

The cost of employee services received in exchange for share-based awards classified as equity is measured using the estimated fair value of the award on
the date of the grant, and the related expense is recorded using the straight-line method consistent with the recipient's respective service period.

Stock-based compensation expense was as follows:

(in thousands)
Stock compensation expense
Capitalized stock compensation

Stock compensation expense, net

2021

Years Ended December 31,
2020

2019

$

$

3,552  $
144 
3,408  $

6,227  $
320 
5,907  $

3,732 
365 
3,367 

As of December 31, 2021, there was $5.9 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested incentive awards that are expected to be
recognized over weighted average period of 1.8 years.

We utilize the treasury stock method to calculate the impact on diluted earnings per share that potentially dilutive stock-based compensation awards have.
The following table indicates the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share:

(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Calculation of net income per share:
Income from continuing operations
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax

Net income

Basic weighted average shares outstanding
Basic net income per share - continuing operations
Basic net income per share - discontinued operations

Basic net income per share

Effect of stock-based compensation awards outstanding:

Basic weighted average shares outstanding
Effect from dilutive shares and options outstanding
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding
Diluted net income per share - continuing operations
Diluted net income per share - discontinued operations

Diluted net income per share

2021

Years Ended December 31,
2020

2019

$
$
$

$
$
$

$
$
$

7,929  $
990,902  $
998,831  $
50,026 

0.16  $
19.81  $
19.97  $

50,026 
123 
50,149 

0.16  $
19.76  $
19.92  $

1,576  $
124,097  $
125,673  $
49,901 

0.03  $
2.49  $
2.52  $

49,901 
123 
50,024 

0.03  $
2.48  $
2.51  $

1,932 
53,568 
55,500 
49,811 
0.04 
1.07 
1.11 

49,811 
290 
50,101 
0.04 
1.07 
1.11 

There were approximately 259 thousand anti-dilutive awards outstanding during 2021 and fewer than 110 thousand anti-dilutive awards outstanding during
2020 and 2019.

The Special Dividend was paid on August 2, 2021. The total payout to Shentel shareholders, including amounts reinvested in the Company’s stock via the
Company’s Dividend Reinvestment Plan, was approximately $937 million. In addition to the Special Dividend, on October 27, 2021, the Company Board
of Directors declared the annual dividend of $0.07 per share on the

F-24

Table of Contents

issued and outstanding shares of the Company's common stock (the "Annual Dividend"). The Annual Dividend was paid on December 1, 2021. The total
payout to Shentel shareholders, including amounts reinvested in the Company’s stock via the Company’s Dividend Reinvestment Plan, was approximately
$3 million.

Note 14. Commitments and Contingencies

We are committed to make payments to satisfy our lease liabilities. The scheduled payments under those obligations are summarized in Note 9, Leases. We
also  have  outstanding  unconditional  purchase  commitments  to  procure  marketing  services  and  IT  software  licenses  through  2026  and  commitments  for
licenses to access Educational Broadband Service (“EBS”) spectrum channels through 2039. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 we
paid $3.4 million, $1.4 million and $0.5 million, respectively, for the marketing services and IT software license purchase commitments. For each of the
years  ended  December  31,  2021,  2020  and  2019,  we  paid  approximately  $0.1  million  for  access  to  certain  EBS  spectrum  channels.  The  Company  is
obligated to make the following future minimum payments under the non-cancelable terms of these commitments as of December 31, 2021:

(in thousands)
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027 and thereafter

Total

Purchase
Commitments

3,658 
2,410 
1,385 
840 
190 
109 
8,592 

$

$

The Company is subject to claims and legal actions that may arise in the ordinary course of business. The Company does not believe that any of these
pending claims or legal actions are either probable or reasonably possible of a material loss.

Note 15. Segment Reporting

The divestiture of our Wireless operations on July 1, 2021 represented a strategic shift in the Company’s business which therefore qualified the segment as
a discontinued operation. As a result, for all periods presented, the operating results and cash flows related to the Wireless segment were reflected as a
discontinued operation in our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income and the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The tables below reflect
the  results  of  operations  of  the  Company's  reportable  segments  in  continuing  operations,  consistent  with  internal  reporting  used  by  the  Company.
Intercompany revenue is primarily derived from services provided to the discontinued operation, for periods prior to the divestiture.

F-25

Table of Contents

Year ended December 31, 2021:
(in thousands)

External revenue

Residential & SMB
Commercial Fiber
RLEC & Other
Tower lease
Service revenue and other
Revenue for service provided to the discontinued Wireless
operations
Total revenue
Operating expenses
Cost of services
Selling, general and administrative
Restructuring expense
Impairment expense
Depreciation and amortization

Total operating expenses
Operating income (loss)

Capital expenditures

Year ended December 31, 2020:

(in thousands)
External revenue

Residential & SMB
Commercial Fiber
RLEC & Other
Tower lease
Service revenue and other
Revenue for service provided to the discontinued Wireless
operations
Total revenue
Operating expenses
Cost of services
Selling, general and administrative
Depreciation and amortization

Total operating expenses
Operating income (loss)

Capital expenditures

Broadband

Tower

Corporate &
Eliminations

Consolidated

177,530  $
30,842 
15,249 
— 
223,621 

4,459 
228,080 

97,283 
47,840 
202 
5,986 
47,937 
199,248 
28,832  $

—  $
— 
— 
12,393 
12,393 

5,311 
17,704 

5,438 
1,197 
— 
— 
2,053 
8,688 
9,016  $

—  $
— 
— 
— 
— 

(545)
(545)

(422)
33,414 
1,525 
— 
5,216 
39,733 
(40,278) $

177,530 
30,842 
15,249 
12,393 
236,014 

9,225 
245,239 

102,299 
82,451 
1,727 
5,986 
55,206 
247,669 
(2,430)

156,131  $

977  $

2,993  $

160,101 

Broadband

Tower

Corporate &
Eliminations

Consolidated

154,956  $
24,431 
15,971 
— 
195,358 

8,989 
204,347 

84,893 
39,472 
41,076 
165,441 
38,906  $

—  $
— 
— 
7,402 
7,402 

9,653 
17,055 

4,896 
1,430 
1,906 
8,232 
8,823  $

—  $
— 
— 
— 
— 

(627)
(627)

(132)
44,114 
5,721 
49,703 
(50,330) $

154,956 
24,431 
15,971 
7,402 
202,760 

18,015 
220,775 

89,657 
85,016 
48,703 
223,376 
(2,601)

117,246  $

2,001  $

1,203  $

120,450 

$

$

$

$

$

$

F-26

Table of Contents

Year ended December 31, 2019:

(in thousands)
External revenue

Residential & SMB
Commercial Fiber
RLEC & Other
Tower lease
Service revenue and other
Revenue for service provided to the discontinued Wireless
operations
Total revenue
Operating expenses
Cost of services
Selling, general and administrative
Depreciation and amortization

Total operating expenses
Operating income (loss)

Capital expenditures

Broadband

Tower

Corporate &
Eliminations

Consolidated

$

$

$

142,290  $
23,004 
18,257 
— 
183,551 

10,392 
193,943 

79,858 
33,545 
38,566 
151,969 
41,974  $

—  $
— 
— 
6,965 
6,965 

6,020 
12,985 

3,777 
937 
1,976 
6,690 
6,295  $

—  $
— 
— 
— 
— 

(66)
(66)

(63)
43,364 
6,244 
49,545 
(49,611) $

142,290 
23,004 
18,257 
6,965 
190,516 

16,346 
206,862 

83,572 
77,846 
46,786 
208,204 
(1,342)

60,627  $

921  $

5,500  $

67,048 

A reconciliation of the total of the reportable segments’ operating income to consolidated income before taxes is as follows:

(in thousands)
Total consolidated operating loss

Other income, net

Income from continuing operations before income taxes

Years Ended December 31,
2020

2019

2021

$

$

(2,430) $
8,665 
6,235  $

(2,601) $
3,187 

586  $

(1,342)
3,280 
1,938 

The Company’s CODM does not currently review total assets by segment since the assets are centrally managed and some of the assets are shared by the
segments, accordingly total assets by segment are not applicable.

F-27

 
Table of Contents

Note 16. Quarterly Results (unaudited)

The following table reflects selected quarterly results for the Company. Amounts were adjusted from their previous presentation as a result of the error
correction discussed in Note 1.

Three Months Ended

March 31, 2021

June 30, 2021

(in thousands, except per share data)
Revenue
Operating income (loss)
Income (loss) from continuing operations
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
Gain on the sale of discontinued operations, net of tax
Net income

Basic - Income (loss) from continuing operations
Basic - Income from discontinued operations, net of tax
Basic net income per share
Diluted - Income (loss) from continuing operations
Diluted - Income from discontinued operations, net of tax
Diluted net income per share

(in thousands except per share data)
Revenue
Operating income (loss)
Income (loss) from continuing operations
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax
Net income

Basic - Income (loss) from continuing operations
Basic - Income from discontinued operations, net of tax
Basic net income per share
Diluted - Income (loss) from continuing operations
Diluted - Income from discontinued operations, net of tax
Diluted net income per share

$

$
$
$
$
$
$

$

$
$
$
$
$
$

59,691  $
2,230 
2,945 
48,472 
— 
51,417 

0.06  $
0.97  $
1.03  $
0.06  $
0.97  $
1.03  $

53,134  $
(1,648)
(55)
13,129 
13,074 

—  $
0.26  $
0.26  $
—  $
0.26  $
0.26  $

F-28

March 31, 2020

June 30, 2020

September 30, 2021 December 31, 2021
62,604 
(7,901)
(3,137)
(4,965)
9,503 
1,401 

62,244  $
851 
6,495 
(406)
886,732 
892,821 

60,700  $
2,390 
1,626 
51,566 
— 
53,192 

0.03  $
1.04  $
1.07  $
0.03  $
1.03  $
1.06  $

0.13  $
17.73  $
17.86  $
0.13  $
17.68  $
17.81  $

(0.06)
0.09 
0.03 
(0.06)
0.09 
0.03 

Three Months Ended

September 30, 2020 December 31, 2020
58,132 
1,529 
1,539 
47,675 
49,214 

55,173  $
(121)
985 
33,509 
34,494 

54,336  $
(2,361)
(893)
29,784 
28,891 

(0.02) $
0.60  $
0.58  $
(0.02) $
0.60  $
0.58  $

0.02  $
0.67  $
0.69  $
0.02  $
0.67  $
0.69  $

0.03 
0.96 
0.99 
0.03 
0.95 
0.98 

Table of Contents

Schedule II
Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

Changes in the Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts for accounts receivable for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 are summarized
below:

(in thousands)
Year Ended December 31, 2021
Allowance for doubtful accounts
Year Ended December 31, 2020
Allowance for doubtful accounts
Year Ended December 31, 2019
Allowance for doubtful accounts

Balance at
Beginning of Year

Recoveries added
to allowance

Bad debt expense

Write-offs

Balance at End of
Year

$

$

$

614  $

533  $

534  $

530  $

1,028  $

(1,820) $

758  $

1,220  $

(1,897) $

649  $

1,743  $

(2,393) $

352 

614 

533 

F-29

Table of Contents

ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY

None

Exhibits Index

Exhibit
Number

Exhibit Description

2.1

3.1

3.2

4.1

10.1

10.2

10.3

10.4

10.5

10.6

10.7

10.8

10.9

Asset Purchase Agreement, dated May 28, 2021, between Shenandoah Telecommunications Company and T-Mobile USA, Inc.
(incorporated by reference from Exhibit 2.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 1, 2021).

Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Shenandoah Telecommunications Company, effective August 31, 2019, filed as
exhibit 3.2 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated September 30, 2019.

Amended and Restated Bylaws of Shenandoah Telecommunications Company, effective February 22, 2022, filed as exhibit 3.1 to the
Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 28, 2022.

Description of the Company's Common Stock Registered Under Section 12 of the Exchange Act of 1934

Shenandoah Telecommunications Company Dividend Reinvestment Plan filed as Exhibit 4.4 to the Company’s Registration Statement
on Form S-3D (No. 333-74297).

Credit Agreement, dated July 1, 2021, by and among Shenandoah Telecommunications Company, certain of its subsidiaries as
guarantors, CoBank ACB, as administrative agent, and the other lenders party thereto (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to
the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 1, 2021).

Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan as amended and restated, filed as Exhibit 10.14 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K
dated March 23, 2007.

Addendum VI dated May 24, 2004 to Sprint PCS Management Agreement by and among Sprint Spectrum L.P., Wireless Co, L.P., APC
PCS, LLC, Phillie Co, L.P., and Shenandoah Personal Communications Company filed as Exhibit 10.15 to the Company’s Report on
Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2004.

2005 Stock Incentive Plan filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (No. 333-127342).

Addendum VII dated March 13, 2007 to Sprint PCS Management Agreement by and among Sprint Spectrum L.P., Wireless Co., L.P.,
APC PCS, LLC, Phillie Co, L.P., and Shenandoah Personal Communications Company, filed as Exhibit 10.31 to the Company’s Report
on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006.

Addendum VIII to the Sprint Management Agreement dated November 19, 2007, filed as Exhibit 10.36 to the Company’s Current
Report on Form 8-K dated November 20, 2007.

Addendum IX to the Sprint Management Agreement dated as of April 14, 2009, and filed as Exhibit 10.42 to the Company’s Annual
Report on Form 10-K dated March 8, 2010.

Addendum X dated March 15, 2010 to Sprint PCS Management Agreement by and among Sprint Spectrum L.P., Wireless Co, L.P., APC
PCS, LLC, Phillie Co, L.P., Sprint Communications Company L.P. and Shenandoah Personal Communications Company, filed as
Exhibit 10.44 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 10-Q, dated May 7, 2010.

10.10

Addendum XI dated July 7, 2010 to Sprint PCS Management Agreement by and among Sprint Spectrum L.P., Wireless Co, L.P., APC
PCS, LLC, Phillie Co, L.P., Sprint Communications Company L.P. and Shenandoah Personal Communications Company, filed as
Exhibit 10.45 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 8, 2010.

F-30

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table of Contents

10.11

10.12

10.13

10.14

*21

*23.1

*31.1

*31.2

*31.3

**32

(101)

2014 Equity Incentive Plan filed as Appendix A to the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement filed on March 13, 2014 (No. 333-
196990).

Form of Stock Option Awards for Executives under the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan.

Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award for Executives under the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan.

Form of Performance Share Unit Award for Executives under the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan.

List of Subsidiaries.

Consent of KPMG LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.

Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

Certification of Principal Accounting Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

Certifications pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and 18 U.S.C. § 1350.

Formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language)

101.INS

XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the interactive data filing because its XBRL tags
are embedded within the Inline XBRL document

101.SCH

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

104

Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

*    Filed herewith

**    This certification is deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act), or otherwise
subject to the liability of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended
(Securities Act), or the Exchange Act.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table of Contents

Pursuant to the requirements of Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its
behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

SIGNATURES

SHENANDOAH TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANY

February 28, 2022

/S/ CHRISTOPHER E. FRENCH
Christopher E. French, President & Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in
the capacities and on the dates indicated.

/s/CHRISTOPHER E. FRENCH
February 28, 2022
Christopher E. French

/s/JAMES J. VOLK
February 28, 2022
James J. Volk

/s/DENNIS A. ROMPS
February 28, 2022
Dennis A. Romps

/s/THOMAS A. BECKETT
February 28, 2022
Thomas A. Beckett

/s/TRACY FITZSIMMONS
February 28, 2022
Tracy Fitzsimmons

/s/JOHN W. FLORA
February 28, 2022
John W. Flora

/s/ RICHARD L. KOONTZ, JR.
February 28, 2022
Richard L. Koontz, Jr.

/s/DALE S. LAM
February 28, 2022
Dale S. Lam

/s/KENNETH L. QUAGLIO
February 28, 2022
Kenneth L. Quaglio

/s/LEIGH ANN SCHULTZ
February 28, 2022
Leigh Ann Schultz

/s/VICTOR C. BARNES
February 28, 2022
Victor C. Barnes

President & Chief Executive Officer,
Director (Principal Executive Officer)

Senior Vice President – Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)

Vice President - Chief Accounting Officer
(Principal Accounting Officer)

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

F-32

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EXHIBIT 21 LIST OF SUBSIDIARIES
SHENANDOAH TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
The following are all significant subsidiaries of Shenandoah Telecommunications Company, and are organized in the Commonwealth of Virginia.
Shenandoah Cable Television, LLC
Shenandoah Mobile, LLC
Shenandoah Personal Communications, LLC
Shenandoah Telephone Company
Shentel Management Company

Consent of Independent Registered
Public Accounting Firm

Exhibit 23.1 

The Board of Directors
Shenandoah Telecommunications Company:

We consent to the incorporation by reference in the registration statements (No. 333-74297) on Form S-3D and (Nos. 333-127342 and 333-196990) on
Form S-8 of our reports dated February 28, 2022, with respect to the consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule II – Valuation and
Qualifying Accounts of Shenandoah Telecommunications Company and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting.

/s/ KPMG LLP

McLean, VA
February 28, 2022

EXHIBIT 31.1

I, Christopher E. French, certify that:

CERTIFICATION

1.

2.

3.

4.

I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Shenandoah Telecommunications Company, Inc.;

Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the
statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this
report;

Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the
financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in
Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and
15d‑15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our
supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others
within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our
supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external
purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the

(c)
effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most

(d)
recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to
materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.

The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to
the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are

(a)
reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal

(b)
control over financial reporting.

/S/ CHRISTOPHER E. FRENCH
Christopher E. French, President and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
Date:  February 28, 2022

 
 
 
EXHIBIT 31.2

1.

2.

3.

4.

I, James J. Volk, certify that:

I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Shenandoah Telecommunications Company, Inc.;

CERTIFICATION

Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the
statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this
report;

Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the
financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in
Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and
15d‑15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our
supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others
within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our
(b)
supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external
purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the

(c)
effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most

(d)
recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to
materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.

The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to
the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are

(a)
reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal

(b)
control over financial reporting.

/s/JAMES J. VOLK
James J. Volk, Senior Vice President – Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
Date: February 28, 2022

 
 
 
 
EXHIBIT 31.3

1.

2.

3.

4.

I, Dennis A. Romps, certify that:

I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Shenandoah Telecommunications Company, Inc.;

CERTIFICATION

Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the
statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this
report;

Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the
financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in
Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and
15d‑15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our
supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others
within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our
(b)
supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external
purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the

(c)
effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most

(d)
recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to
materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.

The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to
the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are

(a)
reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal

(b)
control over financial reporting.

/s/DENNIS A. ROMPS
Dennis A. Romps, Vice President - Chief Accounting Officer
(Principal Accounting Officer)
Date: February 28, 2022

 
 
 
EXHIBIT 32

Written Statement of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer
Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Each of the undersigned, the President and Chief Executive Officer and the Senior Vice President - Chief Financial Officer, of Shenandoah

Telecommunications Company (the “Company”), hereby certifies that, on the date hereof:

(1)        The annual report on Form 10-K of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2021 filed on the date hereof with the Securities and

Exchange Commission (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)        Information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the

Company.

/S/CHRISTOPHER E. FRENCH
Christopher E. French
President and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
February 28, 2022

/S/JAMES J. VOLK
James J. Volk
Senior Vice President – Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Fincncial Officer)
February 28, 2022

The foregoing certification is being furnished solely pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) and 18
U.S.C. Section 1350 and is not being filed as part of the Report or as a separate disclosure document.  This certification shall not be deemed “filed” for
purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act or otherwise subject to liability under that section.  This certification shall not be deemed to be incorporated by
reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Exchange Act except to the extent this Exhibit 32 is expressly and specifically incorporated
by reference in any such filing.