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Silver Bear Resources plc

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FY2021 Annual Report · Silver Bear Resources plc
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ANNUAL REPORT AND ACCOUNTS  
Registered Number: 10669766 (England and 
Wales) 
For the year ended 31 December 2021 
(Expressed in Canadian dollars) 

Mangazeisky Silver Project – Open Pit 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Independent auditor’s report to the shareholders of Silver Bear Resources 
Plc 

Opinion 

In  our  opinion,  the  accompanying  consolidated  financial  statements  present  fairly,  in  all  material  respects,  the 
Group’s affairs as at 31 December 2021 and 31 December 2020 and of its financial performance and its cashflows 
for the years then ended in accordance with IFRS as issued by the International Auditing Standards Board (‘IASB’).  

We have audited the consolidated financial statements of Silver Bear Resources Plc (“the parent company”) and 
its subsidiaries (the ‘Group’) for the years ended 31 December 2021 and 31 December 2020 which comprises the 
Consolidated  Statement  of  Comprehensive  Profit/(Loss),  the  Consolidated  Statement  of  Financial  Position,  the 
Consolidated  Statement  of  Changes  in  Equity,  the  Consolidated  Statement  of  Cash  Flow  and  notes  to  the 
consolidated financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies. 

Basis for opinion 

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing. Our responsibilities under those 
standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the consolidated financial statements 
section of our report. We are independent of the Group in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant 
to  our  audit  of  the  consolidated  financial  statements,  including  the  International  Ethics  Standards  Board  for 
Accountants’  Code  of Ethics for Professional  Accountants  (IESBA Code) and we have fulfilled  our other ethical 
responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is 
sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. 

Material uncertainty related to going concern 

We draw attention to note 2 in the consolidated financial statements which sets out the Directors’ considerations 
regarding the future potential impacts that the Russian geopolitical situation and the resulting sanctions imposed 
by  and  against  Russia  or  the  Russian  imposed  capital  controls  could  have  on  the  Group’s  operations,  and  the 
absence of a contractual agreement for the Group to continue to defer interest and capital repayments on its loans 
from its shareholders. As a result thereof, there is  uncertainty relating to the Group’s ability to maintain working 
capital liquidity to service the Group’s financing arrangements which may result in the need for additional funding.  
As stated in note 2, these events or conditions, along with the other matters as  set out in note 2, indicate that a 
material uncertainty exists that may cast significant doubt on the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern. 
Our opinion is not modified in respect of this matter. 

We have highlighted going concern as a key audit matter based on our assessment of the significance of the risk 
and the effect on our audit strategy. 

Our response to the key audit matter included: 

•  We critically assessed the directors’ base case cash flow forecasts for the period to December 2023 and 
the underlying assumptions, which have been approved by the Board. Our testing included a comparison 
of forecast silver prices to both prices currently being achieved and spot prices together with 
consideration of broker consensus pricing ranges. 

•  We evaluated the forecast production levels against 2021 actuals and the life of mine plan and 

considered the impact of plant upgrades on the achievability of forecasts. 

 
 
 
 
 
•  We compared the forecast operational expenditure to 2021 actuals and confirmed that planned capital 

expenditure is consistent with the life of mine plan. 

•  We compared the Group’s actual operational results to the budget for 2021 to assess the quality of 

Directors’ budgetary process. 

•  We assessed the integrity of the cash flow forecast by performing a mathematical check on the model. 

•  We reviewed the contractual terms attached to the shareholders’ loan facility, including future capital and 
interest repayments and considered the Directors’ assumption that despite there being no contractual 
agreement to defer interest and capital payments, it was not unreasonable to include such deferrals 
within the cash flow forecasts based on the history of successful deferrals and the Directors’ long term 
relationship with their shareholders. 

•  We obtained the Directors’ evaluation of the current and future impacts of the Russian geopolitical 

situation on the Group’s operations and sanctions implemented against and by Russia and assessed the 
impact thereof on the cash flow forecast. 

•  We reviewed and considered the adequacy and consistency of the disclosure within the consolidated 
financial statements relating to the Directors’ assessment of going concern basis of preparation. 

Key audit matters 

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgement, were of most significance in our audit of 
the  consolidated  financial  statements  of  the  current  period  and  include  the  most  significant  assessed  risks  of 
material misstatement (whether or not due to fraud) that we identified, including those which had the greatest effect 
on: the overall audit strategy, the allocation of resources in the audit, and directing the efforts of the engagement 
team. In addition to the matter described in the Material uncertainty related to going concern section of our report, 
we have determined the matter below to be the key audit matter to be communicated in our report These matters 
were addressed in the context of our audit of the consolidated financial statements as a whole, and in forming our 
opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters. 

Page | 4  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Key audit matter  

How the scope of our audit addressed the key audit matter 

Carrying 
value of 
Mineral 
Properties 
and Plant 
and 
Equipment 

Refer  to  the 
accounting 
in 
policies 
note  2  and 
detailed 
disclosure  in 
note 9 and 10 

The Group’s project mining 
assets, including capitalised 
mineral property and property, 
plant and equipment represent 
the Group’s most significant 
assets.  

At the year-end, Management 
performed an impairment  test 
to determine the recoverable 
amount of its mining 
properties. The recoverable 
amount was determined with 
reference to a discounted cash 
flow which is based on 
estimates of future cash flows. 
Given the significant estimates 
regarding silver and other 
commodity prices, foreign 
exchange rates, reserves and 
resources, production levels, 
operating and development 
costs and capital expenditure 
as well as economic variables 
such as discount rates, and the 
material value of the mining 
assets we consider the 
carrying value of the Mineral 
Properties and Plant and 
Equipment to be a significant 
audit risk and a key audit 
matter. 

Our procedures included the following:  

•  Visiting the Mangazeisky mine site to understand the 
operations, verify the existence of the assets and 
discuss future mine operating plans with technical 
management. 

•  We obtained management’s discounted cash flow 

models and performed data integrity and mechanical 
checks on the models using our proprietary tool. 
•  We determined that the basis of preparation of the 
models was in line with the applicable accounting 
standards, our expectations and valuation 
methodology.   

•  We compared the actual performance during 2021 to 

budgets for the period in order to assess the quality 
of management’s forecasting. 

•  We critically challenged the NPV model, focussing 

on the appropriateness of estimates with reference to 
empirical data and external evidence with specific 
emphasis on the following assumptions: silver prices, 
foreign exchange rates, reserves and resources and 
production levels, operating and development costs, 
capital expenditure and discount rates. 
•  We benchmarked forecast silver and other 

commodity prices against publicly available third-
party information. 

•  We reconciled the production profiles and capital 

expenditure forecasts to the third-party Competent 
Person’s report and approved budget for 2022. We 
obtained explanations for any differences and 
corroborated differences to relevant support. 

•  We reconciled the resources used in the life of mine 

model to the updated mineral resources statement 
included in the third-party Competent Person’s report 
and performed procedures to assess their 
independence, objectivity and competence. 

•  We reviewed management’s sensitivity analysis and 
performed our own sensitivity analysis on key inputs 
to assess the impact of changes in assumptions. 

•  We involved our internal valuations experts to 

support our assessment of the discount rate applied 
and discussed the judgments regarding the 
calculation with the Audit Committee. 

•  We read the key licence agreements and confirmed 
that the Group holds valid licences. We considered 
management’s judgment that the exploration licence 
would be capable of being extended beyond 2023 
taking into consideration the legislative process and 
risks and uncertainties within the operating 
environments. We assessed the commitments and 
obligations associated with the licences to confirm 
compliance with the licences. 

Page | 5  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Key observations: 

We found the judgements and estimates applied by 
Management in preparing the forecasts to be supportable, 
although the net present value remains sensitive to changes 
in the key inputs set out above. We found Management’s 
conclusion that no impairment charge was required as at 31 
December 2021 to be supported by the underlying model.  

Other information 

The Directors are responsible for the other information including the Management Discussion and Analysis (MDA). 
The other information comprises the information included in the annual report and accounts and the MDA, other 
than  the  consolidated  financial  statements  and  our  auditor’s  report  thereon.  Our  opinion  on  the  consolidated 
financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our 
report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.  

In  connection  with  our  audit  of  the  consolidated  financial  statements,  our  responsibility  is  to  read  the  other 
information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the consolidated 
financial statements or our knowledge obtained  in  the audit or  otherwise  appears to be materially misstated. If, 
based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, 
we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard. 

Responsibilities of the Directors for the consolidated financial statements 

As explained more fully in the Directors responsibility for financial reporting, the Directors are responsible for the 
preparation  and  fair  presentation  of  the  consolidated  financial  statements,  and  for  such  internal  control  as  the 
Directors determines is necessary to enable the preparation of consolidated financial statements that are free from 
material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. 

In preparing the consolidated financial statements, the Directors are responsible for assessing the Group’s ability 
to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going 
concern basis of accounting unless the Directors either intend to liquidate the Group or to cease operations, or 
have no realistic alternative but to do so.  

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the consolidated financial statements  

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements as a whole 
are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes 
our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in 
accordance with ISAs will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud 
or  error  and  are  considered  material  if,  individually  or  in  the  aggregate,  they  could  reasonably  be  expected  to 
influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these consolidated financial statements. 

Page | 6  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As part of an audit in accordance with ISAs, we exercise professional judgment and maintain professional 
scepticism throughout the audit. We also: 

• 

Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due 
to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence 
that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material 
misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, 
forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control. 

•  Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are 
appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of 
the Group’s internal control. 

•  Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates 

and related disclosures made by management. 

•  Conclude on the appropriateness of management’s use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based 
on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may 
cast significant doubt on the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material 
uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor’s report to the related disclosures in the 
consolidated financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our 
conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor’s report. However, future 
events or conditions may cause the Group to cease to continue as a going concern. 

•  Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the consolidated financial statements, including 
the disclosures, and whether the consolidated consolidated financial statements represent the underlying 
transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation. 

•  Obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the entities or business 

activities within the Group to express an opinion on the consolidated financial statements. We are responsible 
for the direction, supervision and performance of the Group audit. We remain solely responsible for the audit 
opinion. 

We communicate with the Directors regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit 
and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our 
audit. 

We also provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with relevant ethical 
requirements regarding independence, and to communicate with them all relationships and other matters that 
may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, related safeguards.  

From the matters communicated with those charged with governance, we determine those matters that were of 
most significance in the audit of the consolidated financial statements of the current period and are therefore the 
key audit matters. We describe these matters in our auditor’s report unless law or regulation precludes public 
disclosure about the matter or when, in extremely rare circumstances, we determine that a matter should not be 
communicated in our report because the adverse consequences of doing so would reasonably be expected to 
outweigh the public interest benefits of such communication.  

Page | 7  

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
Other Matter 

The engagement partner on the audit resulting in this independent auditors’ report is Peter Acloque. 

BDO LLP 
Chartered Accountants 
London, UK 

BDO LLP is a limited liability partnership registered in England and Wales (with registered number OC305127). 

Page | 8  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Silver Bear Resources Plc  

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position 
(Canadian dollars) 

Note 

31 December 
2021 

31 December 
2020 

ASSETS 
Non-current assets 
Property, plant and equipment 
Mineral property 
Intangible assets 
Prepaid non-current assets 
Other non-current assets 
Total non-current assets 
Current assets 
Inventories 
Receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Prepaid expenses 
Total current assets 
TOTAL ASSETS 
EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 
Non-current liabilities 
Long-term loans 
Asset retirement obligation 
Lease obligation 
Total non-current liabilities 
Current liabilities 
Advances received 
Short-term loans 
Account payable and accrued liabilities 
Lease obligation 
Total current liabilities 
Total liabilities 
Equity 
Share Capital 
Share Premium 
Shareholders Contribution 
Contributed surplus 
Cumulative translation adjustment 
Accumulated deficit 
Total equity (deficiency) 
TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 

10 
9 
8 
6 
7 

5 
4 
3 
6 

13 
14 
12 

13 
11 
12 

15 
15 

15 

                        78,949,060  
                        10,247,095  
                             180,583  
                             881,469  
                          4,040,580  
                        94,298,787  

                        18,473,628  
                          3,670,038  
                          1,879,447  
                          2,484,281  
                        26,507,394  
                      120,806,181  

                      167,639,194  
                          3,609,228  
                          2,277,726  
                      173,526,148  

                                    639  
                        27,925,556  
                          3,515,620  
                          2,931,455  
                        34,373,270  
                      207,899,418  

                        99,568,972  
                        23,106,647  
                          5,381,283  
                        16,765,939  
                        14,591,860  
                    (246,507,938) 
                      (87,093,237) 
                      120,806,181  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements 

74,096,536 
11,923,604 
299,528 
2,871,150 
2,965,765 
92,156,583 

18,134,273 
3,050,392 
1,302,165 
2,789,641 
25,276,471 
117,433,054 

165,062,833 
4,040,784 
1,237,793 
170,341,410 

144 
3,085,133 
3,682,160 
1,688,373 
8,455,810 
178,797,220 

99,561,998 
22,570,500 
5,381,283 
16,960,163 
13,460,394 
(219,298,504) 
(61,364,166) 
117,433,054 

Page | 9  

 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
The financial statements on pages 35 to 77 were approved by the Board of Directors on 8 July 2022, and 
signed on its behalf by: 

“Vadim Ilchuk” 
_______________________________ 
Vadim Ilchuk  
Director, President, CEO   

“Maxim Matveev” 
_______________________________ 
Maxim Matveev 
Director 

Page | 10  

 
 
 
 
 
Silver Bear Resources Plc 
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Profit/(Loss) 
For the years ended 31 December 2021 and 2020 
(Canadian dollars) 

Note 

18 

5 

18 
7 

17 
17 

19 
19 

25 

Revenue: 
Metal Sales 
Cost of Sales: 
Production cost 
Depreciation and amortization 
Impairment of inventory 
Gross (loss)/profit 

Exploration and evaluation expenses 
General and administrative expenses 
Write-off other non-current assets 
Write-off of PPE 
Other income 
Other expenses 
Operating loss 

Finance income 
Finance expenses 
Foreign exchange loss 
Loss before tax 

Tax charge 
Loss for the year 

Other comprehensive loss 
Items, that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or 
loss: 
Exchange differences on translating foreign operations 
Total comprehensive loss for the year 

2021 

2020 

45,315,268  

51,887,094  

(36,612,528) 
(10,330,423) 
- 
(1,627,683) 

(16,738) 
(4,154,745) 
(909,898) 
(180,418) 
503,766  
(1,855,944) 
(8,241,660) 

24,129  
(18,098,949) 
(1,144,304) 
(27,460,784) 

(30,190,696) 
(19,444,324) 
(347,057) 
1,905,017 

(122,568) 
(3,832,518) 
- 
(9,495) 
486,274  
(2,083,075) 
(3,656,365) 

8,069,035  
(17,873,567) 
(33,539,947) 
(47,000,844) 

(17,754) 
(27,478,538) 

(10,782) 
(47,011,626) 

1,131,466  
(26,347,072) 

15,701,375  
(31,310,251) 

Basic and diluted loss per ordinary share, cents per 
ordinary share 

15 

(0.04) 

(0.07) 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

Page | 11  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      
 
  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Silver Bear Resources Plc 
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity 
For the years ended 31 December 2021 and 2020 
(Canadian dollars) 

Share capital 

Share 
premium 

Shareholder’s 
contribution 

Contributed 
surplus 

Cumulative 
translation 
adjustment 

Accumulated 
Deficit 

Total equity 

Balance - 31 December 2019 

     99,559,336  

  22,410,054  

      5,381,283  

   16,975,267  

   (2,240,981) 

          (172,416,878) 

  (30,331,919) 

Net loss for the period 
Other comprehensive profit: 
Cumulative translation adjustment 
Comprehensive loss for the period 

Shares issued under share subscription 
plan, Note 15 
Shares issued under share bonus plan, 
Note 15 
Share-based payments, Note 15 
Cancelled and expired options, Note 15 

Balance - 31 December 2020 

Net loss for the period 
Other comprehensive profit: 
Cumulative translation adjustment 
Comprehensive loss for the period 

Shares issued under share subscription 
plan, Note 15 
Shares issued under stock option plan, 
Note 15 
Share-based payments, Note 15 
Cancelled and expired options, Note 15 
Balance - 31 December 2021 

-  

-  

-  

-  

-  

-  

2,234  

160,446  

428 
-  
-  

-  
-  

-  

-  

-  

-  

-  
-  

-  

-  

-  

-  

114,896  
(130,000) 

-  

(47,011,626) 

(47,011,626) 

15,701,375  

15,701,375  

-  

15,701,375  

(47,011,626) 

(31,310,251) 

-  

-  
-  

-  

162,680  

-  
130,000  

428 
114,896  
-  

99,561,998  

22,570,500  

5,381,283  

16,960,163  

13,460,394  

(219,298,504) 

(61,364,166) 

-  

-  

-  

-  

-  

-  

6,862  

524,736  

-  

-  

-  

-  

-  

-  

-  

-  

-  

(27,478,538) 

(27,478,538) 

1,131,466  

1,131,466  

-  

1,131,466  

(27,478,538) 

(26,347,072) 

-  

-  

531,598  

112  
-  
-  
99,568,972  

11,411  
-  
-  
23,106,647  

-  
-  
-  
5,381,283  

(12,340) 
86,403  
(268,287) 
16,765,939  

-  
-  
-  
14,591,860  

817  
-  
268,287  
(246,507,938) 

-  
86,403  
-  
(87,093,237) 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

Page | 12  

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Silver Bear Resources Plc  
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flow 
For the years ended 31 December 2021 and 2020 
(Canadian dollars) 

Cash provided by (used in) 

Operating activities 
Total loss for the year 
Adjustments for items not affecting cash: 
  Depreciation 
  Amortization 
  Share-based payments (Note 18) 
  Accretion expenses 
  Unrealized FX movement 
  Write-off of PPE 
  Write-off of other non-current assets (Note 7) 
  Impairment of inventory 
  Non-substantive modification gain (Note13) 
  Interest income (Note 19) 
  Interest expense (Note 19) 
Net change in non-cash working capital (Note 20) 

Net cash generated from operations 

  Purchases of property, plant and equipment (Note 10) 
  Purchases of intangible assets 
  Exploration and evaluation capital expenditure (Note 10) 
  Interest income 

Net cash used in investing activities 

  Repayment of principal on lease obligations 
  Repayment of interest on lease obligations 
  Short-term and long-term loans drawn (Note 13) 
  Short-term and long-term loans Interest repayment (Note 13) 

Net cash generated from/(used in) financing activities 

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and 
translation differences 

Increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents during the year 

Cash and cash equivalents - beginning of the year 
Cash and cash equivalents - end of the year 

Cash and cash equivalents consist of: 

Cash 

2021 

2020 

(27,478,538) 

(47,011,626) 

10,237,558 
212,980 
86,403 
235,090 
1,144,304 
180,418 
909,898 
- 
- 
(24,129) 
17,863,859 
(1,009,107) 

2,358,736 

(9,288,040) 
(96,938) 
(722,532) 
24,129 

(10,083,381) 

(3,229,861) 
(837,496) 
12,752,624 
(699,242) 

7,986,025 

315,902 

577,282 

1,302,165 
1,879,447 

19,364,209 
151,081 
114,896 
230,207 
33,539,947 
- 
- 
347,057 
(8,050,595) 
(18,440) 
17,643,360 
(3,891,869) 

12,418,227 

(7,504,308) 
(168,645) 
- 
18,440 

(7,654,513) 

(3,082,029) 
(524,505) 
2,351,454 
(6,855,421) 

(8,110,501) 

(795,336) 

(4,142,123) 

5,444,288 
1,302,165 

1,879,447 

1,302,165 

Page | 13  

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Silver Bear Resources Plc 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended 31 December 2021 and 2020 

1.  NATURE OF OPERATIONS  
Silver Bear Resources Plc was incorporated in United Kingdom on 14 March 2017 under the Companies Act 2006, registered office 
address 2nd Floor Regis House, 45 King William Street, London, United Kingdom, EC4R 9AN. 

Silver Bear Resources Plc became the parent company of Silver Bear Resources Inc. on 30 June 2017 following a plan of 
arrangement transaction involving a one-for-one share exchange of all then outstanding common shares of Silver Bear Resources 
Inc. for ordinary shares of Silver Bear Resources Plc.  

Silver Bear Resources Plc became the direct parent company of AO Prognoz on 16 November 2020. AO Prognoz was acquired 
from Silver Bear Resources B.V. following a plan of reorganization of the Group structure. 

Silver Bear Resources Inc. was incorporated under the Business Corporations Act of the Province of Ontario, Canada, on 8 April 
2004 and continued under Articles of Continuance dated 30 August 2004 under the Business Corporations Act (Yukon) and 1 
February 2005 under the Business Corporations Act (Ontario).  

The primary business of the Group is the acquisition, exploration, evaluation and development of precious metal properties. The 
head office of the Group is registered in London, United Kingdom. The strategy of the Group is to focus on the exploration and 
development of precious metal deposits. The principal asset of the Group is its right to explore and develop the Mangazeisky project 
(“Mangazeisky”), located approximately 400 kilometers north of Yakutsk in the Republic of Sakha (Yaktutia), in the Russian 
Federation. On June 22, 2018, the Group announced that it had achieved first silver production in April 2018 as a result of its 
commissioning activities. 

Under the license No. YAKU 12692 BP registered on September 28, 2004, the Group carries out a geological study of the Endybal 
area - prospecting and evaluation of silver and gold deposits. According to Supplement No. 1, registered on 12 September 2016, the 
expiry date of the above license is 31 December 2023. The license area is located on the territory of the Kobyai region of the Republic 
of Sakha (Yakutia). 

In 2013, the Group obtained a subsoil license No. YAKU 03626 BE, registered on August 28, 2013, for the exploration and production 
of silver, copper, lead, zinc at the Vertikalny deposit. The license area is located on the territory of the Kobyai region of the Republic 
of Sakha (Yakutia). The license expires on September 1, 2033. In 2015 the Group commenced the development of Mangazeisky that 
includes  the  construction  of  a  silver  mine  with  associated  processing  facilities  and  infrastructure.  It  has  been  determined  that 
development  costs  incurred  from  1  July  2015  have  future  economic  benefits  and  are  economically  recoverable.  In  making  this 
judgement, management assessed various sources of information including the geological and metallurgical information, scoping and 
feasibility studies, proximity of operating facilities, operating management expertise and existing permits.  

2.  BASIS OF PREPARATION  

These audited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards 
(IFRS) and interpretations issued by the IFRS Interpretations Committee (IFRS IC) applicable to companies reporting under IFRS. 
The  financial  statements  comply  with  IFRS  as  issued  by  the  International  Accounting  Standards  Board  (IASB).  The  Group  has 
consistently applied the accounting policies used in the preparation of its IFRS financial statements throughout all periods presented, 
as if these policies had always been in effect.  

These audited consolidated financial statements comprise the financial statements of Silver Bear Resources Plc and its 100% owned 
subsidiaries: Silver Bear Resources Inc. (a Canadian corporation), Silver Bear Resources B.V. (a Netherlands corporation) and AO 
Prognoz  (a  Russian  Federation  corporation).  All  significant  inter-company  accounts  and  transactions  have  been  eliminated  on 
consolidation. 

These audited consolidated financial statements were reviewed, approved and authorized for issue by the Board of Directors on 8 
July 2022. 

The  financial  information  for  the  year  ended  31  December  2021  and  the  year  ended  31  December  2020  does  not  constitute  the 
company's statutory accounts for those years. Statutory accounts for the year ended 31 December 2019 have been delivered to the 
Registrar of Companies. The statutory accounts for the year ended 31 December 2020 will be delivered to the Registrar of Companies 
in due course. The auditors' reports on the accounts for 31 December 2020 is unqualified but draw attention to matters by way of 
emphasis in relation to going concern and did not contain a statement under 498(2) or 498(3) of the Companies Act 2006. The auditors' 
reports on the accounts for 31 December 2019 is unqualified but draw attention to matters by way of emphasis in relation to going 
concern and did not contain a statement under 498(2) or 498(3) of the Companies Act 2006Basis of consolidation 

Following Silver Bear Resources Plc becoming the parent company of the Group (as detailed in note 1) and becoming direct parent 
of  AO  Prognoz,  these  transactions  were  not  treated  as  a  business  combination  under  IFRS  3  “Business  combinations”  but  was 
considered as a capital reorganisation, as these entities are under common control. 

Page | 14  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Silver Bear Resources Plc 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended 31 December 2021 and 2020 

2.  BASIS OF PREPARATION (Continued) 

Basis of consolidation 

Following Silver Bear Resources Plc becoming the parent company of the Group (as detailed in note 1) and becoming direct parent 
of  AO  Prognoz,  these  transactions  were  not  treated  as  a  business  combination  under  IFRS  3  “Business  combinations”  but  was 
considered as a capital reorganisation, as these entities are under common control. 

On 22 April 2021 Silver Bear Resources B.V. (a Netherlands corporation) was liquidated. Impact on financial statement was nil, as it 
was empty company. 

The consolidated financial statements of Silver Bear Resources Plc are presented using the values from the consolidated financial 
statements of Silver Bear Resources Inc. The equity structure (that is, the issued share capital) reflects that of Silver Bear Resources 
Plc, with other amounts in equity being those from the consolidated financial statements of the previous group holding entity, Silver 
Bear Resources Inc. The resulting difference that will arise was recognised as a component of equity. 

Going Concern 

These audited consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis which contemplates that the Group 
and Company will be able to realize its assets and settle its liabilities in the normal course as they come due for a period of at least 
12 months form the date of approval of the financial statements.  

The Directors have prepared a cash flow forecast for the 18 month period from the date of approval of these financial  statements. 
Cash forecasts for the Group and Company are regularly produced based on management's best estimate of:  

• The Group's production and expenditure forecasts;  
• Future silver prices; and 
• Foreign exchange rate. 

The ability of the Group and Company to operate as a going concern is dependent upon future production volumes and silver prices 
as they impact cash flows required to both fund working capital and meet the Group’s and Company’s liabilities as and when they fall 
due. These are in turn also impacted by the geopolitical situation between Russia and Ukraine, and the uncertain future potential 
impacts of Sanctions. 

The Group’s and Company’s cash flow forecast was run with average silver price of $US 23.5/oz for 2022 and 25.0/oz for 2023 based 
on independent forecasts for silver sold in Russia. 

The Directors have analysed the Group’s and Company’s expected liquidity position over the forecast period and believe that it is 
reasonable  to  apply  the  going  concern  principle  for  the  preparation  of  the  Group’s  and  Company’s  financial  statements.  When 
assessing the going concern status, the Directors have taken into consideration the following factors: 

- 

- 

- 

- 

As at 31 December 2021, the Group had $1,879,447 (2020: 1,302,165) cash and cash equivalents, and net current liabilities 
of $7,865,876, (2020: net current assets $16,820,661). These current liabilities include short-term loans and interest from 
short and long-term loans from major shareholders.  

In addition to the current liabilities, the Group has long term debt of $167,639,194 with its major shareholders, Inflection 
and Aterra, for which interest accrues monthly that matures in 2023. The Group has agreed with major shareholder to 
extend their loans to 2028, however for this to be executed it requires approval from TSX. While the Directors are confident 
of obtaining this approval, at the date of signing these financial statements this approval had not been obtained.  

In 2021 the Group generated total operating cash inflow of $2,358,736. Since year end there has been no deterioration is 
production or sales as a result of the geopolitical situation between Russia and Ukraine or imposed sanctions.  

In the Group’s cashflow forecast, the Directors have assumed that the Group is able to defer interest repayments on its 
loans and obtain loan extensions from its shareholders for loans that matures in 2023. This forecast shows that cash 
remains positive for the 18 month period from the date of approval of these financial statements. In the event that the 
Group is unable to defer interest payments or obtain a loan extension from its shareholders the Group would have 
insufficient cash to satisfy these liabilities.  

Page | 15  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Silver Bear Resources Plc 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended 31 December 2021 and 2020 

2.  BASIS OF PREPARATION (Continued) 

Going concern (Continued) 

-  While there is currently no contracted written agreement to defer interest repayments to the Group’s shareholders, the 
Group’s Directors note that in the past they have been successful in both securing financing from its Shareholders and 
deferring interest repayments to them. For this reason and based on the Group’s long-term relationships with their 
shareholders, the Directors have a reasonable expectation that they will be able to continue deferring interest payments 
and obtaining loan extensions during the forecast period, and that additional funding will be received if required. 

- 

- 

In the first half of 2022, due to the geopolitical situation between Russia and Ukraine multiple sanctions were declared against 
Russia by Western countries. There are no sanctions against the Group, however sanctions that were implemented against 
Russia meant some brands ceased their operations in Russia. The Directors have prepared a plan to respond to this risk 
such as diversifying revenue channels and considering the use of aftermarket spare parts for mining equipment that can no 
longer be sourced directly from suppliers. While the effect from the sanctions to date has had minimal impacts on the Group’s 
operations, there is no certainty over the future impacts of sanctions imposed against Russia. 

Also, in the first half of 2022 Russia implemented sanctions against Western countries. Since the Russian sanctions have 
been implemented, capital controls have been put in place that put restrictions on payments outside of Russia. Given the 
parent Company is reliant on cash from its Russian subsidiaries, this temporarily prevented the Parent Company fulfilling 
its obligation to creditors. Subsequently the Parent Company has received cash from its subsidiary through management 
service contracts which has enabled it to resume fulfilling its obligations to creditors. While the sanctions are in effect, the 
Group will be unable to pay dividends from Russia to UK and further to shareholders. There is no certainty over the future 
impact of sanctions imposed by Russia or Russian imposed capital controls.  

In the light of the future potential impacts the Russian geopolitical situation and the resulting sanctions imposed by and against Russia 
or the Russian imposed capital controls could have on the Group’s and Company’s operations, and in the absence of a contractual 
agreement for the Group and Company to continue to defer interest and capital repayments on its loans from its shareholders, together 
with the other factors described above, the Group’s and Company’s Directors have identified a material uncertainty relating to the 
Group’s and Company's ability to maintain working capital liquidity to service the Group’s and Company's financing arrangements 
which may result in the need for additional funding.   

These material uncertainties may cast significant doubt upon the Group’s and Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. 
Notwithstanding these material uncertainties, the Directors have a reasonable expectation that the Group and Company have 
adequate resources to continue in existence for a period of at least 12 months form the date of approval of the financial statements 
and have concluded it is appropriate to adopt the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements. 
The financial statements do not include the adjustments that would result if the Group and Company were unable to continue as a 
going concern.  

Page | 16  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Silver Bear Resources Plc 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended 31 December 2021 and 2020 

2. BASIS OF PREPARATION (Continued) 

Significant Accounting Policies 

Foreign currency translation 

Items included in the financial statements of each entity are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in 
which  it  operates  (“functional  currency”).  The  consolidated  financial  statements  are  presented  in  Canadian  dollars  which  is  the 
functional  currency  of  Silver  Bear  Resources  Inc.,  and  Silver  Bear  Resources  B.V.  Silver  Bear  Resources  Plc  has  changed  its 
functional currency as of 1 January 2018 from Canadian dollars to Russian roubles when it was deemed that the majority of underlying 
transactions now took place in roubles. Silver Bear Resources Plc functional currency is different to presentation currency, because 
the group is listed on TSX and presentation of financial statements in Canadian dollars is considered to be beneficial for potential and 
current shareholders in Canada. The financial statements of AO Prognoz have the Russian rouble as their functional currency. The 
results  of  both  Silver  Bear  Resources  Plc  and  AO  Prognoz  are  translated  into  the  Canadian  dollar  presentation  currency  for 
consolidation purposes as follows: assets and liabilities – at the closing rate at the date of the statements of financial position, and 
income and expenses at the average rate for each quarter (as this is considered a reasonable approximation  to actual rates). All 
resulting changes are recognized in other comprehensive income as cumulative translation adjustments. 

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency of the entity in which they occur using the exchange rates 
prevailing  at  the  dates  of  transactions.  Foreign  exchange  gains  and  losses  resulting  from  the  settlement  of  foreign  currency 
transactions and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than functional currency at 
period-end exchange rates are recognized in profit or loss. 

Mineral properties 
Mineral properties include the costs of acquiring exploration and mining licenses, as well as the cost of assets associated with the 
obligation for environmental rehabilitation and costs of developing the mining properties. Licenses are valued at cost at the date of 
acquisition less impairment. Mining properties under development are accounted for at cost and are not amortised until production 
has commenced. Cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the development of mining properties and  preparing them 
for production.  

Developing costs and licenses depreciated through unit of production basis calculated based on the ratio of silver ore mined during a 
period to the total volume of silver ore to be mined based on the estimated commercial resources. 

Asset associated with the obligation for environmental rehabilitation depreciated on straight line basis during life of mine. 

Intangible assets  

Intangible assets are carried at cost, less accumulated amortization. All intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over 
one to eleven years.  

Property, plant and equipment 
Property, plant and equipment are carried at cost, less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses. 

Mining properties are depleted on ‘unit of production basis’ calculated based on the ratio of silver ore mined during a period to the 
total volume of silver ore to be mined based on the estimated commercial resources. Commercial resources are mineral resources 
that are considered probable of economic extraction and include measured, indicated and inferred resources. While inferred 
resources have a lower degree of geological certainty, they are included in the depletion calculation due to the nature of the ore 
body which enables their presence being able to be inferred without a high concentration of drilling  

Leased equipment are amortized over the remaining life of the lease. Significant components of property, plant and equipment are 
recorded and depreciated separately. Residual values, the method of depreciation and the useful lives of assets are revised annually 
and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate, if there is an indicator of a significant change since the last reporting date. Depreciation of 
underlying property, plant and equipment which directly contributed the developing the mining properties are capitalized as additions 
in mineral properties.   

Recognition of costs in the carrying amount of an item of property, plant and equipment ceases when the item is in the location and 
condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management.  

In order to determine whether the project is ready to operate as intended by management, judgement was applied taking into account 
commercial  production  indicators  such  as  pre-production  output  has  reached  a  nominated  percentage,  the  internal  project 
management team has transferred the mine to the operational team, the majority of the assets necessary for the mining project are 
substantially complete and ready for use and the project’s ability to sustain commercial levels of production. These indicators provided 
guidance to recognize that the mine development phase was ceased and the production phase commenced from 1 July 2019. 

Page | 17  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Silver Bear Resources Plc 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended 31 December 2021 and 2020 

BASIS OF PREPARATION (Continued) 

Exploration and development assets 
Mineral exploration and evaluation costs, including geophysical, topographical, geological and similar types of costs, are  capitalized 
into  exploration assets if management  concludes  that  future  economic benefits are  likely  to  be  realized  based  on current internal 
assessment of exploration results and identified mineral resources. 
In  accordance  with  IFRS  6  Exploration  for  and  evaluation  of  mineral  resources,  the  potential  indicators  of  impairment  include: 
management’s plans to discontinue  the exploration activities, lack of further substantial exploration expenditure planned, expiry of 
exploration  licenses  in  the  period  or  in  the  nearest  future,  or  existence  of  other  data  indicating  the  expenditure  capitalized  is  not 
recoverable.  At  the  end  of  each  reporting  period,  management  assesses  whether  such  indicators  exist  for  the  exploration  and 
evaluation assets capitalized.  
Exploration and evaluation expenditures are transferred to development assets when commercially-viable resources are identified, 
respective mining plan and model are prepared and approved. At the time of reclassification exploration and evaluation assets are 
assessed for impairment based on the economic models prepared. 
The costs to remove any overburden and other waste materials to initially expose the ore body, referred to as stripping costs, are 
capitalized as a part of development assets when these costs are incurred. 

Impairment of non-financial assets 
The Group reviews and evaluates the recoverable amount of its mineral properties, property, plant and equipment  and other non-
current assets annually and when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of related assets or groups 
of assets might not be recoverable.  
For the purpose of measuring recoverable amounts, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable 
cash flows (cash-generating units). The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value less costs of disposal and its value 
in use (being the present value of the expected future cash flows of the relevant asset). Any resulting write-down of the excess of 
carrying value over the recoverable amount is charged to the consolidated statement of operations. 

Provision for decommissioning and restoration liability 
Mining and exploration activities normally give rise to obligations for environmental rehabilitation. Rehabilitation work may include 
facility decommissioning and dismantling; removal or treatment of waste materials; site and land rehabilitation, including compliance 
with and monitoring of environmental regulations; security and other site-related costs required to perform the rehabilitation work; and 
operation of equipment designed to reduce or eliminate environmental effects. The extent of work required and the associated costs 
are dependent on the requirements of relevant authorities and our environmental policies. Routine operating costs that may impact  
the  ultimate  closure  and  rehabilitation  activities,  such  as  waste  material  handling  conducted  as  an  integral  part  of  a  mining  or 
exploration process, are not included in the provision. The timing of the actual rehabilitation expenditure is dependent upon a number  
of factors such as the life and nature of the asset, the license conditions and the operating environment.  Expenditures may occur 
before and after the site closure and can continue for an extended period of time depending on rehabilitation requirements.  

Rehabilitation provisions are measured at the expected value of future cash flows associated with the settlement of the obligation and 
discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate which reflects current assessments of the time value of money. 

The expected future cash flows include the effect of inflation. The unwinding of the discount in subsequent periods is presented as 
interest expense. The asset associated with retirement obligations represents the part of the cost of acquiring the future economic 
benefits of the operation and is capitalized to mineral properties as part of the carrying amount of the long-lived asset and amortized 
over  the  expected  economic  life  of  the  operation  to  which  it  relates.  The  Group  re-measures  the  liability  at  each  reporting  date. 
Changes in estimates are recorded using current discount rate assumptions. Adjustments are also accounted for as a change in the 
corresponding value of the related assets. 

Page | 18  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Silver Bear Resources Plc 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended 31 December 2021 and 2020 

2.  BASIS OF PREPARATION (Continued) 

Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) 

Financial instruments 
Financial assets: 
Financial assets within the scope of IFRS 9 are initially recognised at fair value and are classified financial assets at amortised cost. 
The Group determines the classification of its financial assets at initial recognition. 
The Group’s financial assets include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable. Regular purchases and sales of financial assets 
are recognized on the trade-date, being the date on which the Group commits to purchase or sell assets. 

The Group recognises a loss allowance for expected credit losses (‘ECL’) on financial assets that are measured at amortised cost 
which comprise mainly trade receivables. The amount of expected credit losses is updated at each reporting date to reflect changes 
in  credit  risk  since  initial  recognition  of  the  respective  financial  instrument.  The  Group  always  recognises  lifetime  ECL  on  trade 
receivables.  The  expected  credit  losses  on  these  financial  assets  are  estimated  using  a  provision  matrix  based  on  the  Group’s 
historical credit loss experience, adjusted for factors that are specific to the debtors, general economic conditions and an assessment 
of both the current as well as the forecast direction of conditions at the reporting date, including time value of money where appropriate  

Financial assets are derecognized when the rights to receive cash flows from investments and the Group has transferred substantially 
all risks and rewards of ownership. 

Financial liabilities: 

Financial liabilities within the scope of IFRS 9 are initially recognised at fair value and are classified as financial liabilities at fair value 
through profit or loss, financial liabilities, or as derivatives designated as hedging instruments in an effective hedge, as appropriate. 

The Group’s current financial liabilities include accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and short-term loans. Initially they are recognized 
at fair value, and subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. Amortized cost approximates fair 
value due to the short-term maturity of these liabilities.  

Financial instruments are initially recorded at fair value. The fair values of cash and cash equivalents, miscellaneous receivables, 
short-term loans, lease liabilities and accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate their recorded amounts because of their 
short-term nature. The fair value of long-term loans and non-current lease liabilities is shown at their carrying values as any differences 
are not material.  

In determining if a modification of a financial liability is substantial, which includes a comparison of the cash flows before and after 
the modification, discounted at the original effective interest rate (EIR), referred to as the ‘10% test’. If the difference between these 
discounted cash flows is more than 10%, the financial liability is derecognized and a new financial liability recognized at fair value. 

If, a modified financial liability does not result in derecognition, the original EIRs retained and the Group recalculates carrying 
amount based on reviewed cash flow of financial liability and recognized modification gain or loss. 

Gain on modification of shareholder loans is recognised either as finance income in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive 
Profit / (Loss) or as an increase in shareholder contribution in Equity. Management makes assessment of each modification and if 
change in terms, for example,  reduction of interest rate, represents terms which are more favourable at the time than market and 
indicative  of  the  lender  acting  in  capacity  of  shareholder,  then  it  is  recognised  through  shareholder  contribution,  otherwise,  it  is 
recognised as finance income.  

Cash and cash equivalents  
Cash represents cash on hand and demand deposits. Cash equivalents represent short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily 
convertible to known amounts of cash and subject to insignificant risk of change in value.  

Page | 19  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Silver Bear Resources Plc 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended 31 December 2021 and 2020 

2.  BASIS OF PREPARATION (Continued) 

Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) 

Revenue recognition 

Timing of recognition is governed by IFRS 15. Entity recognizes revenues when a performance obligation is satisfied, which is when 
“control” of the goods has transferred to the customer. Control of goods is transferred at the point of time, when silver is  passed to 
the buyer at the refinery site. Payments terms allows 80% prepayment in advance and the remaining payment based on the final 
Price, dependent on silver weight per Act of Acceptance and London price on London Market of metals, adjusted for the prepaid 
amount under provisional price. 
Current and deferred income Taxes 
Current income tax is the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year, using tax rates enacted or 
substantively enacted at the reporting date, and any adjustment to tax payable or receivable in respect of previous years. 

The Group uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes, under which deferred income tax assets and liabilities 
are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying value 
of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using tax rates 
in effect for the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred income tax  
assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates or laws is recognized as part of the provision for income tax in the year the changes are 
considered substantively enacted. Deferred tax benefits attributable to these differences, if any, are recognized to the extent that the 
realization of such benefits is more likely than not. 

The Group did not recognised deferred taxes raised during pre-production stage. 

Earnings per share 
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the profit/(loss) for the period by the weighted average number of common shares 
outstanding.  

Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the profit/(loss) for the period by the diluted weighted average number of common 
shares outstanding.  

Share-based payments 

The fair value of any stock options granted to directors, officers, consultants and employees is recognized as an expense over the 
vesting period with a corresponding increase recorded to contributed surplus. The fair value of share-based compensation is 
determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and management's assumptions as disclosed in Note 15. An estimate for 
forfeitures is made when determining the number of equity instruments expected to vest. Upon exercise of the stock options, 
consideration paid by the option holder is recorded as an increase to share capital.  

Borrowing costs 

Borrowing  costs  directly  attributable  to  the  acquisition,  construction  or  production  of  qualifying  assets,  which  are  assets  that 
necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets, until 
such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use or sale. All other borrowing costs are recognized in profit or loss 
in the period in which they are incurred, using the average exchange rate prevailing for that period. Translation differences associated 
with borrowings costs are expensed. 

Prepaid expenses 
Prepaid  expenses  represent  payments  made  or  obligations  incurred  in  advance  of  the  receipt  of  goods  or  rendering  of  services. 
Prepaid expenses are typically included in other current assets on the consolidated statement of financial position.  

Page | 20  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Silver Bear Resources Plc 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended 31 December 2021 and 2020 

2.  BASIS OF PREPARATION (Continued) 

Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) 

Inventories 
Costs incurred in bringing each product to its present location and conditions are accounted for as follows: 

Raw materials: purchase price plus transportation cost plus any applicable customs duties and taxes. 

Ore stockpiles comprises direct labour, other direct costs and related production overheads (based on normal operating capacity) but 
excludes borrowing costs. 

The  cost  of  silver  for  sale  and  silver  in  circuit  comprises  raw  materials,  direct  labour,  other  direct  costs  and  related  production 
overheads (based on normal operating capacity) but excludes borrowing costs. 

Inventories are accounted for using weighted average basis. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course 
of business, less estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale. 

Inventories related to construction supplies accounted as other non-current assets. 

Inventory measured at lower of cost and net realisable value. 

Leases 

All leases are accounted for by recognising a right-of-use asset and a lease liability except for:  

Leases of low value assets; and leases with a duration of 12 months or less.  

Lease liabilities are measured at the present value of the contractual payments due to the lessor over the lease term, with the discount 
rate determined by reference to the rate inherent in the lease.  

On initial recognition, the carrying value of the lease liability also includes amounts expected to be payable under any residual value 
guarantee, the exercise price of any purchase option granted in favour of the group if it is reasonably certain to assess that option, 
any penalties payable for terminating the lease, if the term of the lease has been estimated on the basis of termination option being 
exercised.  

Lease liabilities accounted under a separate line in financial statement. 

Right of use assets are initially measured at the amount of the lease liability, reduced for any lease incentives received, and increased 
for:  

Lease  payments  made  at  or  before  commencement  of  the  lease,  initial  direct  costs  incurred  and  the  amount  of  any  provision 
recognised where the group is contractually required to dismantle, remove or restore the leased asset.  

Right of the use assets related to mining equipment under leased contracts are disclosed in property plant and equipment.  

Subsequent  to  initial  measurement  lease  liabilities  increase  as  a  result  of  interest  charged  at  a  constant  rate  on  the  balance 
outstanding and are reduced for lease payments made. Right-of-use assets are amortised on a straight-line basis over the remaining 
term of the lease. 

Amounts payable for leases covered by the short-term exemption are charged to the income statement on a straight-line basis over 
the term of the relevant lease. 

Page | 21  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Silver Bear Resources Plc 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended 31 December 2021 and 2020 

2.  BASIS OF PREPARATION (Continued) 

Accounting estimates and management judgments 
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS requires management to make judgments, estimates 
and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date 
of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reported period. Actual results may differ 
from these estimates. 

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the 
period in which the estimates are revised and in any future periods affected.  

The significant areas of estimation and uncertainties considered by management in preparing the consolidated financial statements 
include: 

Critical judgements in applying accounting policies: 

•  Determination of functional currency 

Based on the primary indicators in IAS 21 – The Effects of Change in Foreign Exchange Rates – the Russian rouble has 
been  determined  as  the  functional  currency of  AO  Prognoz,  an operating subsidiary  of  the  Group,  because  the  Russian 
rouble  is  the  currency  that  mainly  influences  labour,  material  and  other  costs  of  providing  goods  or  services,  and  is  the 
currency in which these costs are denominated and settled. 

Effects  of  changes  in  foreign  exchange  rates  on  the  consolidation  of  the  financial  statements  are  recorded  in  other 
comprehensive  income  and  carried  in  the  form  of  a  cumulative  translation  adjustment  in  the  accumulated  other 
comprehensive income section of the Statement of financial position of the Group.  

The functional currency of Silver Bear Resources Plc changed from Canadian dollars to Russian rouble in 2018 as it is now 
deemed that the majority of underlying transactions for this entity are undertaken in roubles and therefore it is appropriate 
for this to be its functional currency. 

The functional currency of Silver Bear Resources Inc.  has been determined to be the Canadian Dollar reflecting the current 
principal equity and financing structure. 

•  Modification gain on shareholder contribution (prior year) 

On 26 May 2020, the Group’s major shareholders Aterra and Inflection agreed to further reduce the interest rate applicable 
to all funds drawn under the Facilities Agreement, as amended, from 9% to 7% per annum and capitalize accrued interest 
to the principals of loans effectively from 1 April 2020. As this reduction of interest rate was reflective of market conditions 
having been benchmarked against Russian bank lending rates offered to the Group it has been recognized through finance 
income.   

31 December 2020, the Group further amended its existing Facilities Agreement major shareholders Aterra and Inflection, 
extending the maturity dates of certain components of Tranches F, G, H and I, issued by Inflection from 31 July 2021 and 20 
September 2022, as applicable, to 1 January 2023. The modification of the loan in 31 December 2020 was considered to be 
non-substantial modification resulting in a gain that was recognized in finance income of $233,058.   

There was no amendments to loans in 2021.  

On 20 January 2022, the Group announced an amendment to its existing loan agreement between the Company’s wholly-
owned  subsidiary,  Joint  Stock  Company  Prognoz,  and  SKA  Assets  with  respect  to  a  loan  in  the  principal  amount  of 
750,000,000 rubles (equivalent to approximately C$12,000,000) by extending the maturity date of the loan from 31 December 
2021 to 31 December 2022 and increasing the interest rate of the loan from 8.27% per annum to 10.27% per annum effective 
from 01 January 2022 (“SKA Loan Amendment”). All other provisions of the Loan Agreement have remain unchanged. The 
Company  filed  a material  change  report  in  respect  to  the  SKA  Loan  Agreement  on 20  January  2022.  (Note  13).  As  this 
change was effective in 2022 there is no impact of this modification in the 2021 financial statements.  

Page | 22  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Silver Bear Resources Plc 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended 31 December 2021 and 2020 

2.  BASIS OF PREPARATION (Continued) 

Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) 

Key sources of estimation uncertainty: 

•  Mineral resource estimate 

Mineral resource estimates are estimates of the amount of silver that can be economically and legally extracted from the 
Group’s mining properties. Such resource estimates and their changes may impact the Group’s reported financial position 
and results in the following ways:  
(a) The carrying value of exploration and evaluation assets, mining properties and property, plant and equipment may be 
affected due to changes in estimated future cash flows.  
(b) Depreciation and amortisation charges in the statement comprehensive income may change where such charges are 
determined using the unit of production method.  
(c) Provisions for rehabilitation and environmental provisions may change where resource estimate changes affect 
expectations about when such activities will occur and the associated cost of these activities.  

The Group estimates mineral resources based on information compiled by appropriately qualified Competent Persons 
relating to the geological and technical data on the size, depth, shape and grade of the ore body and suitable production 
techniques and recovery rates. Such an analysis requires complex geological judgements to interpret the data. The 
estimation of recoverable resources is based upon factors such as estimates of foreign exchange rates, commodity prices, 
future capital requirements and production costs, along with geological assumptions and judgements made in estimating 
the size and grade of the ore body.  

The Group reviews its mineral resource estimates on regular basis and as at 1 April 2020 the Group obtained a mineral 
resource (not reserve) estimate from a third party, Wardell Armstrong. Wardell Armstrong has issued their report on 10 
November 2021 the delay in issuing report due to COVID-19 travel restrictions. This report has superseded the Companies 
previous estimate of recoverable reserves and resources that was prepared in 2017. 

The difference between a resource statement (as obtained in 2020) and reserves and resources statement (as obtained 
previously in 2017) is the level of confidence of the presence of economically viable minerals.  

• 

Impairment of mineral properties and property, plant and equipment 

The carrying value of mineral properties and property, plant and equipment is $10,247,095 and $78,949,060, respectively, 
as disclosed in Note 9 and  Note 10. While assessing whether any indications of impairment exist for mineral properties, 
consideration is given to both external and internal sources of information. Information that management considers includes, 
changes in the market, and changes in the economic and legal environment in which the Group operates that are not within 
its control that could affect the recoverable amount of mineral properties. Internal sources of information include the manner 
in which mineral properties are being used or are expected to be used and indications of expected economic performance 
of the assets. Estimates include but are not limited to estimates of the discounted future after-tax cash flows expected to be 
derived from the Group’s mineral properties, costs to sell the properties and the appropriate discount rate. Reductions in 
metal  price  forecasts,  reductions  in  the  amount  of  recoverable  mineral  reserves  and  mineral  resources,  and/or  adverse 
current economics can result in a write-down of the carrying amounts of the Group’s mineral properties. 

On 22 June 2020, the Group announced that it has received a draft report from Wardell Armstrong (Moscow) that provides 
a review of the Company’s current mineral resources, as well as draft revised mine and processing plans, for its Vertikalny 
and Mangazeisky North deposits. The Group had previously disclosed that it had engaged Wardell Armstrong (Moscow) to 
conduct this review of the mineral resources as well as reassessing mine and processing plans for these deposits. Wardell 
Armstrong  (Moscow)  have  issued  their  final  report  on  10  November  2021.Following  additional  exploration  activities,  this 
included a material change in the mineral resource estimates of both Vertikalny and Mangazeisky North deposits.  

In accordance with IAS 36, the impairment review was undertaken.  

Page | 23  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Silver Bear Resources Plc 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended 31 December 2021 and 2020 

2.  BASIS OF PREPARATION (Continued) 

Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) 

• 

Impairment of mineral properties and property, plant and equipment (continued) 

Key Assumption used in the impairment test: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

The  economic  life  of  the  Vertikalny  and  Mangazeisky  North  deposits  is  currently  expected  to  be  around  2028  as  per 
management’s  expectation as  of  31  December  2021.  While  the  Mangazeisky  North deposit  licence expires  in  2023,  the 
directors have a high degree of confidence that it will be extended given the renewal process is routine. 

For the following seven years Silver price is US$24.7/ounce as per management’s expectation as of 31 December 2021. 

For the following seven years RUB/USD foreign exchange rate 75 as per management’s expectation as of 31 December 
2021. 

For the following seven years Annual inflation of costs expressed in USD is 2% as per management’s expectation as of 31 
December 2021. 

For the following seven years Annual inflation of costs expressed in RUB is 4% as per management’s expectation as of 31 
December 2021. 

•  Post tax nominal discount rate of 10.8% (pre-tax of 13.5%). This was based on a Capital Asset Pricing Model analysis.  

• 

The situation in Ukraine is considered to be a non- adjusting post balance sheet event.  

Based on the key assumptions set out above: 

The recoverable amount of Vertikalny and Mangazeisky North deposits ($93.26 mln) exceeds its carrying value of the mining assets 
less asset retirement obligation of ($88.91 mln) by $4.35 mln and therefore assets were not impaired.  

Sensitivity analysis: 

Impact if metal prices  

Impact if RUB/USD exchange rate 

Impact if future capex 

Impact if post-tax discount rate: 

Increased by 20% 

Decreased by 20% 

Increased by 20% 

Decreased by 20% 

Increased by 20% 

Decreased by 20% 

Increased by 20% 

Decreased by 20% 

         In millions of CAD 

71 

(74) 

32 

(50) 

(9) 

9 

(6) 

7 

Page | 24  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Silver Bear Resources Plc 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended 31 December 2021 and 2020 

2.  BASIS OF PREPARATION (Continued) 

Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) 

•  Depreciation rates 

Once a mine development phase ceases and the production phase commences mining assets are depreciated using a unit-
of  production  method  based  on  estimated  economically  recoverable  resources,  which  results  in  a  depreciation  charge 
proportional to the depletion of reserves.  

The Group proven and probable mineral reserves at the beginning of commercial production was 717 thousand tonnes, 
depletion for the period 1 July 2019 - 31 March 2020 was 95 thousand tonnes. 

Starting from 1 April 2020 management of the group has changed its depreciation base for the unit of production method 
from mineral reserves to mineral resources. In making this change, the UoP calculation has been adjusted to include the 
estimated future costs to access and process resources expected to be converted to reserves. The most material impact of 
this is in respect of costs required to enable the processing facility to process sulphide ores that will be mined in the future, 
in addition to the oxide ores currently being processed. Management believes that this change in accounting estimate 
represent the most accurate and fair view for the depreciation charge calculation. 

On 1 April 2020, the change in accounting estimate occurred, resources were 810 thousand tonnes and depletion for the 
period 1 April 2020 - 31 December 2020 was 79 thousand tonnes. 

On 1 January 2021 the change in accounting estimate occurred, management reassess estimation of existing resources 
based on available data and resources used for “life of mine model” were 1,504,232 tonnes. This estimation includes 
“inferred” resources, that was not included into Wardell Armstrong mineral resource report. Depletion for the period was 90 
tonnes. 

The effect of changing in estimate is decreasing depreciation charge for the year from $17,110,528 to $10,330,423. The 
effect in future periods is not disclosed because estimating it is impracticable. 

•  Rehabilitation provisions and asset retirement obligations 

The carrying value of the asset retirement obligation is $3,609,228 as disclosed in Note 14. Exploration and development 
activities carried out by the Group give rise to obligations for environmental rehabilitation. Significant uncertainty exists as to 
the amount and timing of associated cash flows and regulatory requirements. A Russian Central Bank borrowing rate for a 
7-year zero coupon year bond is used in discounting future cash flows as a pre-tax discount rate.  

The expected life of the mine is used as the discounting period. If the estimated discount rate used in the calculation had 
been  higher  for  20%  than  the  management  estimate,  the  carrying  amount  of  the  provision  would  have  been  lower  for 
$346,813 and the interest expense higher for $23,450.  

• 

Ore stocks 

Stock is valued at the lower of cost or net realisable value. Costs that are incurred in or benefit the production process are 
accumulated as ore stockpiles, silver in process and silver bullion. Although the quantities of recoverable metal are reconciled 
by  comparing  the  grades  of  ore  to  the  quantities  of  silver  actually  recovered  (metallurgical  balancing),  the  nature  of  the 
process inherently limits the ability to precisely monitor recoverability levels. Net realisable value tests are performed at least 
annually and represent the estimated future sales price of the product based on contained silver and metals prices, less 
estimated  costs  to  complete  production  and  bring  the  product  to  sale.  These  net  realisable  tests  take  into  account 
management’s estimate of the maximum values to be realised from ore stockpiles, in some instances  through blending of 
different ore stockpile grades, prior to these being added to future processing plant feeds. Judgement is required in assessing 
whether stockpiles of different grades should be tested individually, or tested as inputs to the silver production process. 

Page | 25  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Silver Bear Resources Plc 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended 31 December 2021 and 2020 

2.  BASIS OF PREPARATION (Continued) 

New standards adopted by the Group 

There were no new accounting standards that became applicable for annual reporting periods commencing on or after 1 
January 2021.There is no material impact on the  Group, related to the Interest Rate Benchmark Reform (amendments to 
IFRS  9Financial  Instruments) and  impact of  the  initial  application  of  COVID-19-Rent  Concessions beyond 30 June  2021 
(amendment to IFRS 16 Leases), as these amendments are not applicable to the Group. 

New accounting standards issued but not yet effective 

The following amendments to the accounting standards were in issue but not yet effective as of date of authorization of these 
consolidated financial statements: 

• IFRS 9 Financial Instruments Amendments resulting from Annual Improvements to IFRS Standards 2018–2020 (fees in 
the ‘10 percent’ test for derecognition of financial liabilities), effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2022; 

• Amendments to IAS 1Presentation of  Financial Statements regarding the classification of liabilities as current and non-
current, effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023; 

•  Amendments  to  IAS  37  Provisions,  Contingent  Liabilities  and  Contingent  Assets  regarding  the  costs  to  include  when 
assessing whether a contract is onerous, effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2022; 

•  IFRS  17  Insurance  Contracts,  effective  for  annual  period  beginning  on  or  after  1  January  2023  with  earlier  application 
permitted; 

• Amendments to IAS 1 and IFRS Practice Statement 2 requiring that an entity discloses its material accounting policies, 
instead of its significant accounting policies, effective for annual period beginning on or after 1 January 2023 with earlier 
application permitted; 

• Amendments to IAS 8 replacing the definition of a change in accounting estimates with a definition of accounting estimates, 
effective for annual period beginning on or after 1 January 2023 with earlier application permitted; 

• Amendments to IAS 12 clarifying that the initial recognition exemption does not apply to transactions in which equal amounts 
of deductible and taxable temporary differences arise on initial recognition, effective for annual period beginning on or after 
1 January 2023 with earlier application permitted; and 

•  Amendments  to  IFRS  10  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  and  IAS  28Investments  in  Associates  and  Joint  Ventures 
regarding the sale or contribution of assets between an investor and its associate or joint venture, the effective date of the 
amendments has yet to be set. However, earlier application of the amendments is permitted. 

The Group has determined these standards and interpretations are unlikely to have a material impact on its consolidated 
financial statements or are not applicable to the Group. 

. 

Page | 26  

 
 
 
 
Silver Bear Resources Plc 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended 31 December 2021 and 2020 

3.  CAPITAL MANAGEMENT AND FINANCIAL RISK FACTORS 

The Group manages its capital structure and makes adjustments to it, based on the funds available to the Group, in order to support 
the current production operations, acquisition, exploration and development of precious metal properties.  

The Group considers excess cash balances, all the components of shareholders’ equity and loans as capital. The Board of Directors 
does not establish quantitative return on capital criteria for management, but rather relies on the expertise of the Group’s management 
to sustain the future development of the business. 

The property in which the Group currently has an interest is in production stage.  

In order to fund the ongoing development activities, the Group will spend existing working capital and plans to raise additional amounts 
as needed through equity and/or debt. The Group will continue to assess new properties and seek to acquire an interest in additional 
properties where sufficient geologic or economic potential are noted and if financial resources exist to do so. Management reviews its 
capital management approach on an ongoing basis and believes that this approach, given the relative size of the Group, is reasonable. 

There were no changes in the Group’s approach to capital management during the period ended 31 December 2021 compared to 
the year ended 31 December 2020. The Group is not subject to externally imposed capital requirements. 

FINANCIAL RISK FACTORS 

The Group is exposed to credit and liquidity risks and market risk. The risk management policies employed by the Group to manage 
these risks are discussed below:  

Market risk 
The  Group  takes  on  exposure  to  market  risks.  Market  risks  arise  from  open  positions  in  (a)  silver  prices  (b) foreign  currencies, 
(c) interest bearing assets and liabilities and (d) equity products, all of which are exposed to general and specific market movements. 
Management sets limits on the value of risk that may be accepted, which is monitored on a daily basis. However, the use of this 
approach does not prevent losses outside of these limits in the event of more significant market movements.  

Sensitivities to market risks included below are based on a change in a factor while holding all other factors constant. In practice this 
is unlikely to occur and changes in some of the factors may be correlated  – for example, changes in interest rate and changes in 
foreign currency rates. 

Credit risk 
The Group has no significant concentration of credit risk arising from operations. Cash equivalents consist of interest earning bank 
accounts  held  in  banks  in  the  Russia  and  Canada  which  in  the  presentational  currency  total  $1,853,168  (2020:  $1,275,402)  and 
$26,279(2020: $26,763), respectively. The Group’s Canadian chartered banks have a credit rating of at least A2 (Moody’s). At 31 
December 2021 the Group’s Russian banks have a credit rating of at least ba1 (Moody’s) same as in comparative period.  

Miscellaneous receivables other than tax refunds due from the Canadian and Russian tax authorities are insignificant.  

The Group and Company’s maximum exposure to credit risk by class of individual financial instrument is shown in the table below: 

Receivables from customers 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Group 

31 December   31 December  
2020 
1,350,634 
1,302,165 
2,652,799 

2021 
1,244,898 
1,879,447 
3,124,345 

Company 
31 December  
2021 
284,528 
28,503 
313,031 

31 December  
2020 
386,756 
81,897 
468,653 

Management believes that the credit risk concentration with respect to accounts receivable is not higher than the country credit risk. 

Page | 27  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
Silver Bear Resources Plc 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended 31 December 2021 and 2020 

3.  CAPITAL MANAGEMENT AND FINANCIAL RISK FACTORS (Continued) 

Liquidity risk 

The Group’s approach to managing liquidity risk is to ensure it will have sufficient liquidity to meet liabilities when due by continual 
review of budgets and forecasts and discussions with shareholders and other providers of finance as appropriate. The Group’s current 
assets and current liabilities are show in the table below:  

Total current assets 
Total current liabilities 

31 December  31 December 
2020 

2021 

26,507,394 
34,373,270 

25,276,471 
8,455,810 

As at 31 December 2021 the Group had total current assets of $26,507,394 (31 December 2020 – $25,276,471) to settle total current 
liabilities  of  $34,373,270  (31  December  2020  –  $8,455,810),  as  well  as  its  commitments  outlined  in  Note  21.  Total  liabilities  of 
$207,899,418 include long-term loans  totalling $170,705,444 , fair value gain on modification of loans of $3,066,250 and accrued 
interest of $15,169,075 on long-term shareholders loans. 

As at 31 December 2021, the Group had cash balances of $1,879,447 (31 December 2020 – $1,302,165) 

The Group had total lease obligations of $5,209,181 at 31 December 2021 (31 December 2020 – $2,926,166) under a combination 
of three and five-year leases for equipment in relation to the development of Mangazeisky, as outlined in Note 12.  

The contractual maturities of the Group’s financial liabilities (which are all carried at amortised cost) are shown in the table below: 

31 December  
2021 
Current liabilities 
Accounts payable & accrued 
liabilities 
Short-term loans principal 
Short-term loans interest 
Lease liabilities 
Non-current liabilities 
Long-term loans principal 
Long-term loans interest 
Lease liabilities 

Carrying 
amount 

Contractual cash 
flows 

6 months or 
less  

6 to 12  
months 

12 to 36  
months 

36 to 72  
months 

3,515,620 
12,667,507 
15,258,049 
2,931,455 

167,639,194 
- 
2,277,726 
204,289,551 

3,515,620 
12,667,507 
28,022,810 
3,426,188 

170,705,444 
2,568,159 
2,439,383 
223,642,939 

3,515,620 

21,385,452 
1,791,088 

- 
   12,667,507 
6,637,358 
1,635,100 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
26,839,850  21,090,103 

170,705,444 
2,568,159 
2,439,383 
175,712,986 

- 

- 

- 
- 
- 

The Group has agreed with major shareholder to extend the long term debt of $167,639,194 with its major shareholders, Inflection 
and Aterra, that currently matures in 2023, to 2028, however for this to be executed it requires approval from TSX. While Management 
are confident of obtaining this approval, at the date of signing these financial statements this approval had not been obtained. 

31 December  
2020 
Current liabilities 
Accounts payable & accrued liabilities 
Loans interest 
Lease liabilities 
Non-current liabilities 
Long-term loans principal 
Long-term loans interest 
Lease liabilities 

Carrying 
amount 

Contractual 
cash flows 

6 months 
or less  

6 to 12  
months 

12 to 36  
months 

36 to 72  
months 

3,682,160 
3,085,133 
1,688,373 

3,682,160 
18,139,540 
1,973,324 

3,682,160 
12,059,986 
1,081,516 

- 
6,079,554 
891,808 

- 

- 

- 

- 

165,062,833  172,460,849 
11,696,534 
1,321,378 
174,756,292  209,273,785 

- 
1,237,793 

- 

-  
16,823,662 

-  172,460,849 
- 
- 
   11,696,534 
- 
1,321,378 
- 
6,971,362  13,017,912  172,460,849 

Page | 28  

 
 
 
 
   
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Silver Bear Resources Plc 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended 31 December 2021 and 2020 

3.  CAPITAL MANAGEMENT AND FINANCIAL RISK FACTORS (Continued) 

Interest rate risk 

The  Group  has  cash balances  and  interest-bearing  debt  on  short  term  loans  and  long-term  loans  at commercial  fixed  rates.  The 
Group’s current policy is to invest excess cash in interest-earning bank accounts with Canadian and Russian financial institutions. 
The Group periodically monitors the investments it makes and is satisfied with the credit ratings of its banks. 

Foreign currency risk  

The Group has funded certain exploration, project construction and administrative expenses on a transaction by transaction basis 
using U.S. dollar and Russian ruble. USD funding has been provided directly to AO Prognoz in Russia and converted to Russian 
ruble. This exposes the Group to changes in foreign exchange rates for U.S. dollar and Russian ruble.  

Foreign currency risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in 
foreign  exchange  rates.  The  Group’s  exposure  to  the  risk  of  changes  in  foreign  exchange  rates  relates  primarily  to  the  Group’s 
borrowings (when borrowing is denominated in a different currency from functional currencies of the Group companies). 

31 December 2021 

31 December 2020 

GBP 

USD 

CAD 

EUR 

GBP 

USD 

CAD 

EUR 

Current assets: 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Receivables 

Total current assets 

Current liabilities: 

2 

- 

2 

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 

273,679 

- 

273,679 

Lease liabilities 

Total current liabilities 

Non-current liabilities: 

Long-term loans 

Lease liabilities 

Total non-current liabilities 

4,759 

- 

4,759 

109,890 

808,753 

918,643 

21,941 

- 

21,941 

- 

- 

- 

49 

- 

49 

7,792 

22,282 

- 

- 

7,792 

22,282 

- 

- 

- 

58,304 

134,284 

215,442 

739,781 

60,346 

13,451 

- 

- 

- 

778,864 

- 

58,304 

134,284 

215,442 

1,518,645 

60,346 

13,451 

- 

- 

- 

182,808,269 

113,764 

182,922,033 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

168,147,966 

943,451 

169,091,417 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

The following table presents sensitivities of profit and loss to reasonably possible changes in exchange rates applied at the end of the 
reporting period relative to the functional currency of the respective Group entities, with all other variables held constant: 

31 December   

2021 

31 December  
2020 

Impact on profit or loss 

Impact on profit or loss 

US Dollar strengthening by 20% (2020: strengthening by 20%) 
US Dollar weakening by 20% (2020: weakening by 20%) 
CAD strengthening by 20% (2020: strengthening by 20%) 
CAD weakening by 20% (2020: weakening by 20%) 
GBP strengthening by 20% (2020: strengthening by 20%) 
GBP weakening by 20% (2020: weakening by 20%) 
EUR strengthening by 20% (2020: strengthening by 20%) 
EUR weakening by 20% (2020: weakening by 20%) 

(37,437,427) 
37,437,427 
(1,127) 
1,127 
(55,103) 
55,103 
(27,041) 
27,041 

(38,059,125) 
38,059,125 
(1,321) 
1,321 
(49,738) 
49,738 
(2,906) 
2,906 

Page | 29  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Silver Bear Resources Plc 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended 31 December 2021 and 2020 

4.  RECEIVABLES 

Russian Value Added Tax 
Deferred Russian Value Added Tax 
Receivables from customers 

31 December  
2021 
1,531,695 
893,445 
1,244,898 
3,670,038 

31 December  
2020 
1,411,585 
288,173 
1,350,634 
3,050,392 

Deferred Russian Value Added Tax relates to the VAT paid on acquisition of materials and services and the costs incurred on the 
construction of both building and technological equipment. This VAT can be claimed once the assets the VAT relates to are ready for 
use. The VAT recognized here is on assets that are expected to be available for use in the first quarter of 2022 therefore the asset 
has been recognized as current. 

The amount of VAT recovered in cash during the period was RUB 383,631,294 (CAD: $6,523,074). All VAT is expected to be received.  

Receivables from customer mainly consist of receivables from fuel sales. Sales of fuel was accounted on net basis in other income, 
which comprise of the selling price less cost of fuel. 

5. 

INVENTORIES 

Material and supplies inventories are stated at the lower of weighted average costs and net realizable value. Inventories consist of 
the following: 

Fuel and lubricants 
Parts and supplies 
Reagents 
Silver for sale 
Ore stockpile 
Silver in circuit 

31 December  
2021 
3,247,752 
7,724,864 
3,086,556 
236,898 
559,810 
3,617,748 
18,473,628 

31 December  
2020 
3,515,118 
3,800,097 
3,037,333 
174,086 
1,719,479 
5,888,160 
18,134,273 

The total cost of inventory recognized in cost of sales is $46,942,951 (2020: $49,635,020). Impairment was $nil (2020: $347,057). 

. 

Page | 30  

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
Silver Bear Resources Plc 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended 31 December 2021 and 2020 

6.  PREPAID EXPENSES AND NON-CURRENT ASSETS 

Prepaid expenses consist of the following: 

Prepayments to suppliers 
Taxes 

Prepaid non-current assets consist of the following:  

Prepayments for property, plant and equipment 

31 December  
2021 
2,445,757 
38,524 
2,484,281 

31 December  
2021 
881,469 
881,469 

31 December  
2020 
2,639,357 
150,284 
2,789,641 

31 December  
2020 
2,871,150 
2,871,150 

Non-current prepayments consist of prepayments that will be converted to non-current assets – property, plant and equipment. The 
equipment will be delivered and transferred to construction in progress within next twelve months. 

7.  OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS 

Construction supplies 
Non-current inventory 

31 December  
2021 
4,040,580 
- 
4,040,580 

31 December 
 2020 
2,152,680 
813,085 
2,965,765 

During period there was a write-off of non-current inventory in amount of $909,898 (2020 $nil), this write-off related to electrolysis 
section that will be not used in existing technological scheme of processing plant.   

8. 

INTANGIBLE ASSETS 

Software 
Balance at the beginning of the year 
Additions 
Amortization  
Translation adjustment 
Balance at the end of the period 

31 December  
2021 
299,528 
1,854 
(116,681) 
(4,118) 
180,583 

31 December  
2020 
281,073 
115,933 
(47,572) 
(49,906) 
299,528 

Page | 31  

 
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Silver Bear Resources Plc 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended 31 December 2021 and 2020 

9.  MINERAL PROPERTY 

Mineral property includes the cost of acquiring exploration and mining licenses, as well as the value of assets associated with asset 
retirement obligations and capitalized project development costs. 

Mineral property consists of the following:  

Mangazeisky 

Balance at the beginning of the year 
Depreciation  
Change in estimate 
Translation adjustment 

Balance at the end of the year 

Licenses and 
Development 
costs 

8,869,213 
(518,975) 
- 

(6,984) 

8,343,254 

Asset 
Retirement 
Obligation 

3,054,391 
(504,422) 
(617,167) 

(28,961) 

1,903,841 

31 December 
2021  

31 December  
2020 

2021 Total 

2020 Total 

11,923,604 
(1,023,397) 
(617,167) 

(35,945) 

10,247,095 

13,896,077 
(1,788,892) 
514,682 

(698,263) 

11,923,604 

Mineral  property  is  made  up  of  the  following  classes  of  assets;  licenses  $570,808  (2019:  $584,553,  asset  retirement  obligation 
$1,903,841 (2020: $3,054,391) and development costs of $7,772,446 (2020: $8,284,660).  

The Group acquired the exploration license in respect of the Mangazeisky property when it acquired all the shares of AO Prognoz on 
21 October 2004. In September 2016, the Mangazeisky exploration license was extended by the Federal Subsoil Use Agency in the 
Russian Federation (“Rosnedra”) through to 31 December 2023. 

In September 2013, the Group acquired the mining license in respect of the Mangazeisky property which is valid for a period of 20 
years from the grant date.   

The licenses and development cost are depreciated on unit of production basis in proportion of depletion of total tonnes mined.  

10.  PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 

Reconciliation of the carrying amount at the beginning and end of the periods ended 31 December 2021 and 31 December 2020: 

Right of the use 
assets 

Mining Assets 

Assets under 
construction 

Total 

Carrying amount at 31 December 2019 
Additions  
Transfers  
Disposal at cost 
Depreciation 
Depreciation eliminated on disposal 
Translation adjustment 
Carrying amount at 31 December 2020 

Additions 
Transfers 
Disposal at cost 
Depreciation 
Depreciation eliminated on disposal 
Translation adjustment 
Carrying amount at 31 December 2021 

2,075,691 
5,523,849 
- 
- 
(2,915,927) 
- 
(1,026,366) 
3,657,247 
6,780,319 
- 
- 
(4,597,124) 
- 
499,274 
6,339,716 

85,032,998 
- 
9,850,731 
- 
(14,709,308) 
- 
(12,399,635) 
67,774,786 
744,170 
3,898,241 
(716,611) 
(4,869,781) 
532,091 
(1,597,119) 
65,765,777 

9,981,372 
4,578,092 
(9,850,731) 
(52,814) 
- 
- 
(1,991,416) 
2,664,503 
8,534,687 
(3,898,241) 
(427,428) 
- 
- 
(29,954) 
6,843,567 

97,090,061 
10,101,941 
- 
(52,814) 
(17,625,235) 
- 
(15,417,417) 
74,096,536 
16,059,176 
- 
(1,144,039) 
(9,466,905) 
532,091 
(1,127,799) 
78,949,060 

Page | 32  

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
Silver Bear Resources Plc 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended 31 December 2021 and 2020 

10. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT (Continued) 

The property, plant and equipment as of the period ended 31 December 2021 included $6,843,567 (31 December 2020: $2,664,503) 
of assets that are not yet ready for use. During the period ended 31 December 2021, $3,898,241 (2020: $8,178,857) of these assets 
became available for use, they were transferred into property, plant and equipment and depreciation was charged on them. Leased 
assets are pledged as security for the related lease obligations. 

The Group acquires property, plant and equipment on prepayment terms. Cash paid  to suppliers of property, plant and equipment 
and capitalized expenses paid by cash during the period was $10,083,381 (31 December 2020 - $7,504,308). 

All the property plant and equipment of the Group is pledged to shareholders under borrowings agreements. 

Mining assets depreciated on unit of production basis in proportion of depletion of resources. 

Right of the use assets depreciated on straight line basis in accordance with lease agreements and consist from the following 
classes of underlying assets: 

Carrying amount at 31 December 2019 
Additions 
Depreciation 
Translation adjustment 
Carrying amount at 31 December 2020 
Additions 
Depreciation 
Translation adjustment 
Carrying amount at 31 December 2021 

 Processing 
plant  

 Mining 
vehicles  

 Infrastructure 
and other  

 Total  

769,618 
1,420,191 
(678,505) 
(311,779) 
1,199,525 
- 
(729,484) 
77,277 
547,318 

894,724 
4,103,658 
(1,913,050) 
(666,838) 
2,418,494 
5,627,833 
(3,472,793) 
378,917 
4,952,451 

411,349 
- 
(324,372) 
(47,749) 
39,228 
1,152,486 
(394,847) 
43,080 
839,947 

2,075,691 
5,523,849 
(2,915,927) 
(1,026,366) 
3,657,247 
6,780,319 
(4,597,124) 
499,274 
6,339,716 

Page | 33  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Silver Bear Resources Plc 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended 31 December 2021 and 2020 

11.  ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND ACCRUED LIABILITIES 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities consist of the following: 

Trade and other payables 
Accrued liabilities 
Property tax liabilities 
Other taxes and other liabilities 
Amounts owed to group undertakings 

12.  LEASES 

31 December  
2021 
1,492,224 
1,151,434 
373,436 
498,526 
- 
3,515,620 

31 December  
2020 
1,817,224 
1,060,010 
397,214 
407,712 
- 
3,682,160 

The  Group  have  long  and  short-term  lease  agreements  for  the  purchase  of  equipment  in  relation  to  the  development  of  the 
Mangazeisky project payable in monthly instalments of circa US$ 259,000. The lease payments have been discounted at rates  of 
between 11.02% and 20.00%. The Group made down payments of 20% of the cost of the equipment. 

During 2021 group has entered into new lease agreements for total amount of $5,582,944, these new agreements related to purchases 
of mining vehicles. 

Interest expenses on lease liabilities were $832,243, total cash outflow for leases was $4,067,357. 

Future minimum lease payments under leases, together with the present value of the minimum lease payments, are as follows: 

Within one year 
Within two to five years 
Over 5 years 

Future finance charges on finance leases 
Present value of the net lease payments 
Current portion 
Long-term portion 
Total obligations under leases 

31 December  
2021 
3,426,188 
2,439,383 
- 
5,865,571 
(656,390) 
5,209,181 
2,931,455 
2,277,726 
5,209,181 

31 December  
2020 
1,973,324 
1,321,378 
- 
3,294,702 
(368,536) 
2,926,166 
1,688,373 
1,237,793 
2,926,166 

Page | 34  

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
Silver Bear Resources Plc 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended 31 December 2021 and 2020 

13.  LONG-TERM AND SHORT-TERM LOANS 

Lender 

Principal 

Interest 

Total 

Principal 

Interest 

Total 

31 December 
2021 

31 December 
2020 

Long-term shareholder loans: 

Unifirm Ltd (formerly A.B. Aterra Resources Ltd) 

Inflection Management Corp. 

Fair value gain on modification of loans 

Total long-term shareholders loans 

Short-term shareholder loans: 

Unifirm Ltd (formerly A.B. Aterra Resources Ltd) 

Inflection Management Corp. 

SKA Assets Management  

34,311,410 

136,394,034 

(3,066,250) 

167,639,194 

- 

- 

- 

- 

34,664,242 

34,311,410 
136,394,034  137,796,607 
(7,398,016) 

(3,066,250) 

167,639,194  165,062,833 

- 

- 

- 

- 

34,664,242 

137,796,607 

(7,398,016) 

165,062,833 

3,048,950 

3,048,950 

12,120,125 

12,120,125 

12,667,507 

88,974 

12,756,481 

620,105 

620,105 

   2,465,028 

2,465,028 

- 

Total short-term shareholders loans 

12,667,507  15,258,049 

27,925,556 

-  3,085,133 

3,085,133 

Total shareholders loans 

180,306,701  15,258,049 

195,564,750  165,062,833  3,085,133 

168,147,966 

Movement in long-term loans and short-term interest is analyzed as follows in USD: 

Unifirm (formerly Aterra) 
Principal 
USD 

Interest 
USD 

19,601,242  

7,296,898  

Principal 
USD 
79,695,628  

Inflection 

Gain on 
modification 
of loans 

Interest 
USD 

USD 

Total 

USD 

25,164,392  

(2,805,832) 

128,952,328  

25,360,652  

9,440,938   103,112,504  

32,558,417  

(3,630,267) 

166,842,244  

- 
- 
 -  
7,742,827 

- 
1,908,076 
(972,993)  
(7,742,827) 

2,000,000 
- 
- 
27,001,968 

- 
7,649,878 
(3,867,823) 
(27,001,968) 

- 
2,992,392 
 -  
- 

2,000,000 
12,550,346 
(4,840,816) 
- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(5,847,969) 

(5,847,969) 

As at 31 December 2019 (USD) 
As at 31 December 2019 (CAD) 

Principal amounts received 
Interest accrued  
Principal and interest repayment 
Capitalization of interest 
Gain on modification of loans 
recognized through finance 
income 

As at 31 December 2020 (USD) 
As at 31 December 2020 (CAD) 

27,344,069 
34,664,242 

489,155  108,697,596 
620,105  137,796,607 

1,944,479 
2,465,028 

(5,661,408) 
(7,398,016) 

132,813,890 
168,147,966 

Principal amounts received 
Interest accrued  
Principal and interest repayment 
As at 31 December 2021 (USD) 
As at 31 December 2021 (CAD) 

- 
- 
- 
27,344,069 
34,311,410 

- 
1,940,669 
- 

- 
- 
- 
2,429,824  108,697,596 
3,048,950  136,394,034 

- 
7,714,510 
- 
9,658,989 
12,120,125 

- 
3,217,797 
- 
(2,443,611) 
(3,066,250) 

- 
12,872,976 
- 
145,686,867 
182,808,269 

Gain on modification of shareholder loans is recognised either as finance income in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive 
Profit / (Loss) or as an increase in shareholder contribution in Equity. Management makes assessment of each modification and if 
change in terms, for example, reduction of interest rate, represents terms which are more favourable at the time than market  and 
indicative  of  the  lender  acting  in  capacity  of  shareholder,  then  it  is  recognised  through  shareholder  contribution,  otherwise,  it  is 
recognised as finance income.  

Page | 35  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Silver Bear Resources Plc 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended 31 December 2021 and 2020 

13. LONG-TERM AND SHORT-TERM LOANS (Continued) 

Movement in long term loans is analyzed as follows in CAD: 

As at 31 December 2019 
Principal amounts received 
Interest accrued  
Principal and interest repayment 
Capitalization of interest 
Foreign exchange loss 
Gain on modification of loans 
recognized through finance income 
Translation adjustment 

As at 31 December 2020 
Principal amounts received 
Interest accrued  
Principal and interest repayment 
Foreign exchange loss 
Translation adjustment 

Unifirm (formerly Aterra) 

Inflection 

Principal 
CAD$ 

25,360,652 
- 
- 
- 
11,151,990 
4,198,677 

Interest 
CAD$ 

Principal 
CAD$ 

Interest 
CAD$ 

9,440,937 
- 
2,607,065 
(1,380,091) 
(11,151,990) 
2,461,964 

103,112,504 
2,351,454 
- 
- 
38,890,925 
17,852,811 

32,558,418 
- 
10,448,965 
(5,475,330) 
(38,890,925) 
8,536,927 

Gain on 
modificatio
n of loans 

FV gain 

CAD$ 

CAD$ 

(3,630,267) 
- 
4,000,216 
- 
- 
- 

166,842,244 
2,351,454 
17,056,246 
(6,855,421) 
- 
33,050,379 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(8,050,595) 

(8,050,595) 

(6,047,077) 

(1,357,780) 

(24,411,087) 

(4,713,027) 

282,630 

(36,246,341) 

34,664,242 
- 
- 
- 
248,950 
(601,782) 

620,105 
- 
2,437,601 
- 
22,329 
(31,085) 

137,796,607 
- 
- 
- 
989,622 
(2,392,195) 

2,465,028 
- 
9,689,904 
- 
88,763 
(123,570) 

(7,398,016) 
- 
4,029,896 
- 
- 
301,870 

168,147,966 
- 
16,157,401 
- 
1,349,664 
(2,846,762) 

182,808,269 

As at 31 December 2021 

34,311,410 

3,048,950 

136,394,034 

12,120,125 

(3,066,250) 

On 1 January 2019, the Group’s major shareholders Aterra and Inflection agreed to further reduce the interest rate applicable to all 
funds drawn under the Facilities Agreement, as amended, from 10% to 9% per annum. The accrued interest accrued quarterly, and 
is payable on 1 January, 1 April, 1 July and 1 October in each calendar year  starting from 31 December 2019 and on the maturity 
date, being 20 March 2023.  The modification of the loan interest from 10% to 9% in 2019 was considered to be non-substantive and 
resulted recognition of shareholders contribution reserve of $3,574,206. 

On 24 December 2019, the Group entered into an amendment and restatement deed relating to the Facilities Agreement. Under this 
agreement, the lenders have agreed to provide an additional US$4 million of working capital of which US$2 million was drawn down 
in December 2019. 

On 26 May 2020, the Group’s major shareholders Aterra and Inflection agreed to further reduce the interest rate applicable to all funds 
drawn under the Facilities Agreement, as amended, from 9% to 7% per annum. The accrued interest accrued quarterly, and is payable 
on 1 January, 1 April, 1 July and 1 October in each calendar year starting from 1 April 2020 and on the maturity date, being 20 March 
2023. Accrued interest at 1 April 2020 was capitalized to the loan principal. The modification of the loan interest from 9% to 7% in 
2020  was  considered  to  be  non-substantive.  As  this  reduction  of  interest  rate  was  reflective  of  market  conditions  having  been 
benchmarked against Russian bank lending rates offered to the Group it has been recognized through finance income in amount of  
$7,817,537.   

31 December 2020, the Group further amended its existing Facilities Agreement major shareholders Aterra and Inflection, extending 
the maturity dates of certain components of Tranches F, G, H and I, issued by Inflection from 31 July 2021 and 20 September 2022, 
as applicable, to 1 January 2023. The modification of the loan in 31 December 2020 was considered to be non-substantive and has 
been recognized through finance income in amount of $233,058.   

The Secured Loan Funding is secured and the parent and subsidiaries of the Group will act as guarantor of each other’s obligations 
under the Facilities Agreement and all related security documents. 

Page | 36  

 
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Silver Bear Resources Plc 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended 31 December 2021 and 2020 

13. LONG-TERM AND SHORT-TERM LOANS (Continued) 

Movement in short-term loan is analyzed as follows in CAD: 

As at 31 December 2020 
Principal amounts received 
Interest accrued  
Principal and interest repayment 
Translation adjustment 
As at 31 December 2021 

SKA Assets Management  

Principal 

Interest 

Total 

- 
12,752,624 
- 
- 
(85,117) 
12,667,507 

- 
- 
788,814 
(699,242) 
(598) 
88,974 

 - 
12,752,624 
788,814 
(699,242) 
(85,715) 
12,756,481 

On  4  February  2021,  the  Group  entered  into  a  loan  agreement  with  SKA  ASSETS  MANAGEMENT  LIMITED,  a  company  under 
common control with Inflection, in the amount of RUB 750,000,000 (equivalent to approximately C$12,000,000) with an interest rate 
of 8.27% per annum, accruing interest on a monthly basis. The Principal will be due and payable on 31 December 2021. 

On 19 January 2022, the Group entered into an amendment of agreement with SKA ASSETS MANAGEMENT LIMITED, a company 
under common control with Inflection extending the maturity date to 31 December 2022, with an interest rate of 10.27% per annum 
effectively from 1 January 2022. 

14.  PROVISION FOR DECOMMISSIONING AND RESTORATION LIABILITY 

The Group’s mining, exploration and development activities are subject to various governmental laws and regulations relating to the 
protection of the environment. These environmental regulations are continually changing and are generally becoming more restrictive. 
The Group has made, and intends to make in the future, expenditures to comply with such laws and regulations. The  Group has 
recorded a liability and corresponding asset for the estimated future cost of reclamation and closure, including site rehabilitation and 
long-term treatment and monitoring costs, discounted to net present value. Such estimates are, however, subject to change based 
on negotiations with regulatory authorities, or changes in laws and regulations.  

The  Group’s  provision  for  decommissioning  and  restoration  liability  consists  of  management’s  best  estimate  of  reclamation  and 
closure costs for the Mangazeisky project.  

Significant  reclamation  and  closure  activities  include  land  rehabilitation,  demolition  of  buildings  and  site  facilities  and  other  costs 
defined by the license requirements. 

Asset retirement obligation consists of the following: 

Balance at the beginning of the year 
Accretion expense 
Impact of change to underlying cost estimate 
Impact of rates adjustment 
Translation adjustment 
Balance at the end of the year 

31 December  
2021 
4,040,784 
235,090 
- 
(617,167) 
(49,479) 
3,609,228 

31 December  
2020 
4,034,245 
230,207 
- 
514,682 
(738,350) 
4,040,784 

At 31 December 2021, the expected life of the Mangazeisky project has been assessed to be 7 years. The projected cost for 
reclamation and closure of the Mangazeisky project in 2026 has been estimated to be $4.4m. A Russian Government 7-year zero 
coupon year bond of 8.45% (2020 5.87%) has been used in discounting of future cash flows 

Page | 37  

 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
   
  
  
 
 
 
 
Silver Bear Resources Plc 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended 31 December 2021 and 2020 

15.  SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY 

Common shares 

Authorized: Unlimited number of common shares with a par value of GBP 0.001. 

All issued shares are fully paid. Reconciliation of the number and value of common shares at the beginning and end of the period 
ended 31 December 2021 and 31 December 2020: 

Common shares 

Balance - Beginning of the year 
Issued under stock option plan 
Issued under share subscription plan 
Issued under share bonus plan 
Shares issued during the period 
Balance - End of the year 

31 December  
2021 

Number of common   

$ 

Number of 

common         

31 December 
 2020 

$ 

shares 
673,690,423  
64,017  
3,991,642  
-  
-  
677,746,082  

99,561,998  
112  
6,862  
-  
-  
99,568,972  

shares 
            672,140,902  
                               -  
                1,304,521  
                   245,000  
                               -  
            673,690,423  

              99,559,336  
                               -  
                       2,234  
                          428  
                               -  
              99,561,998  

Share premium 

Balance - Beginning of the year 
Shares issued under share subscription plan 
Shares issued under stock option plan 
Balance - End of the year 

 31 December 
2021  

 31 December  
2020  

22,570,500  
524,736  
11,411  
23,106,647  

22,410,054  
160,446  
 -  
22,570,500  

Share premium comprises the amount subscribed for share capital in excess of nominal value. 

Share Subscription Plan 

On 27 June 2019, the board of directors resolved, and the Group obtained approval from the TSX and the shareholders an amendment 
to the Share Bonus Plan. The number of the Bonus Shares issued to insiders of the Group, within any one-year period, and issuable 
to insiders of the Group, at any time, under the  Share Bonus Plan, or when combined with all of the Group’s other security based 
compensation arrangements, shall not exceed 10% of the Group’s total issued and outstanding Shares, respectively.  

On 30 January 2020, the Group issued 205,668 common shares under the non-executive director subscription plan for the nominal 
fee of £0.001. 

On 9 April 2020, the Group issued 399,714 common shares under the non-executive director subscription plan for the nominal fee of 
£0.001. 

On 17 July 2020, the Group issued 328,800 common shares under the non-executive director subscription plan for the nominal fee 
of £0.001. 

On 2 October 2020, the Group issued 167,250 common shares under the non-executive director subscription plan for the nominal fee 
of £0.001. 

On 6 October 2020, the Group issued 119,464 common shares under the non-executive director subscription plan for the nominal fee 
of £0.001. 

On 16 October 2020, the Group issued 83,625 common shares under the non-executive director subscription plan for the nominal fee 
of £0.001. 

On 4 December 2020, the Group issued 245,000 common shares under the share bonus plan for the nominal fee of £0.001. 

Page | 38  

 
 
 
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
Silver Bear Resources Plc 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended 31 December 2021 and 2020 

15. SHAREHOLDER’S EQUITY (Continued) 

Share Subscription Plan(Continued) 

On 5 January 2021, the Group issued 274,714 common shares under the non-executive director subscription plan for the nominal fee 
of £0.001. 

On 27 January 2021, the Group issued 80,125 common shares under the non-executive director subscription plan for the nominal fee 
of £0.001. 

On 12 February 2021, the Group issued 64,017 common shares under exercising of stock option for the nominal fee of £0.001. 

On 23 April 2021, the Group issued 270,000 common shares under the non-executive director subscription plan for the nominal fee 
of £0.001. 

On 26 April 2021, the Group issued 78,750 common shares under the non-executive director subscription plan for the nominal fee of 
£0.001. 

On 16 July 2021, the Group issued 2,389,771 common shares in settlement of debts of up to $327,398 owed to certain directors of 
the Group 

On 16 July 2021, the Group issued 353,630 common shares under the non-executive director subscription plan for the nominal fee 
of £0.001 

On 21 December 2021, the Group issued 544,652 common shares under the non-executive director subscription plan for the nominal 
fee of £0.001. 

Stock options 

The Group has a stock option plan which is intended to provide an incentive to officers, employees, directors and consultants of the 
Group. Stock options are granted from time to time and the option price is determined by the Compensation Committee of the Board 
of Directors at its sole discretion but shall not be less than the closing price of the  Group’s common stock on the “TSX” on the last 
trading date preceding the date of the grant. The term of each option is granted for a period not exceeding five years from the date of 
the grant. Except as expressly provided for in the option holder’s employment, consulting or termination contract, the option holder 
may exercise the option to the extent exercisable on the date of such termination at any time within twelve months after the  date of 
termination. 

The maximum aggregate number of Shares reserved by the Group for issuance and which may be purchased upon the exercise of 
all options granted under its option plan together will all shares reserved for issuance under the share bonus plan must not exceed 
10% of the outstanding Shares (on a non-diluted basis) issued and outstanding at the time of the granting of the options.  

On 18 May 2016, 2,900,000 options were granted to directors, officers and consultants of the Group. The exercise price of the options 
is $0.19 per option. Granted stock options vest immediately on the day of grant and expire on 18 May 2021. 

On 21 December 2017, 18,000,000 options were grated to directors of the Group. 6,000,000 of these options have an exercise price 
of $0.17 per option, 6,000,000 have an exercise price of $0.25 per share and the remaining 6,000,000 have an exercise price of $0.30 
per share. 

On 4 April 2018, 2,600,000 options were granted to directors, officers and consultants of the Group. 866,667 of these options have 
an exercise price of $0.22 per option, 866,667 have an exercise price of $0.30 per share and the remaining 866,666 have an exercise 
price of $0.35 per share. 

On 14 November 2018, 3,000,000 options were granted to directors, officers and consultants of the Group. 1,000,000 of these options 
have an exercise price of $0.18 per option and will fully invest on 14 November 2019, 1,000,000 have an exercise price of $0.25 per 
share and will be fully vested on 14 November 2020, and the remaining 1,000,000 have an exercise price of $0.30 per share and will 
be fully vested on 14 November 2021. 

On 24 May 2019, 500,000 options were granted to officer of the Group 166,667 of these options have an exercise price of $0.11 per 
option and will fully vested on 24 May 2020, 166,667 have an exercise price of $0.25 per share and will be fully vested on 24 May 
2021, and the remaining 166,666 have an exercise price of $0.30 per share and will be fully vested on 24 May 2022. 

Page | 39  

 
 
 
 
 
Silver Bear Resources Plc 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended 31 December 2021 and 2020 

15. SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Continued) 

Stock options (Continued) 

During the period ended 31 December 2021, options generated a share-based payments expense of $86,403 (31 December 2020: 
$114,896). The fair value of options is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Where relevant, 
the expected life used in the model has been adjusted based on management’s best estimate for the effects of non-transferability and 
exercise restrictions (including the probability of meeting market conditions attached to the option). Expected volatility is based on the 
historical share price volatility over the past 4 years. The expected life of the option was calculated based on the history  of option 
exercises.  

Reconciliation of the number of options at the beginning and end of the periods ended 31 December 2021 and 31 December 2020 
follows: 

 31 December  
2021  

Number 

24,251,000 
- 
(166,667) 
(1,651,000) 
22,433,333 

Weighted average 

exercise price, 
$ 
0.25 
- 
0.11 
0.19 
0.25 

31 December 
 2020 

Weighted 
 average 

Number 

              25,051,000  
                               -  
                               -  
                 (800,000) 
              24,251,000  

exercise price, $ 
0.25  
 -  
 -  
0.19  
                         0.25  

Balance - Beginning of the year 
Granted 
Exercised 
Expired / Cancelled / Forfeited  
Balance - End of the year 

As at 31 December 2021, the Group had share options outstanding and exercisable as follows: 

Expiry year 

2022 
2023 
2024 

                              Outstanding 

Exercisable 

Weighted average 

Weighted average 

Number 

18,000,000 
4,100,000 
333,333 
22,433,333 

exercise price, 
$ 
0.24 
0.26 
0.27 
0.25 

Number 

18,000,000 
4,100,000 
166,667 
22,266,667 

exercise price, $ 
0.24 
0.26 
0.25 
0.24 

The weighted average remaining contractual life of share options outstanding at the end of the period was 442 days (2020: 782 days). 

Contributed surplus consists of the following:  

Balance - Beginning of the year 
Share-based payments 
Exercised options 
Expired / Cancelled / Forfeited options 
Balance - End of the year 

31 December  
2021 
16,960,163  
86,403  
(12,340) 
(268,287) 
16,765,939  

31 December  
2020 
16,975,267  
114,896  
 -  
(130,000) 
16,960,163  

Page | 40  

 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Silver Bear Resources Plc 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended 31 December 2021 and 2020 

15.  SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Continued) 

Earnings per share 

The calculation of the basic and diluted profit/(loss) per share attributable to the owners of the Group is based on the following data 

Net Loss 
Weighted average number of shares used in basic EPS 

Basic loss per share 
Exercisable stock options 
Weighted average number of shares used in diluted EPS 

Diluted loss per share 

31 December 2021 

31 December 2020 

(27,478,538) 
676,065,239  

(0.04) 
22,266,667  
698,331,906  

(0.04) 

(47,011,626) 
672,872,643  

(0.07) 
22,917,667  
695,790,310  

(0.07) 

Diluted earnings per share equates to earning per share due to loss resulting in an anti-dilutive impact. 

16.  RELATED PARTY DISCLOSURES  

(a)   Financing transactions 

The Group has entered into a series of financing transactions with major shareholders. As set out in Note 13.  

(b)  Purchases from related parties 

During  the  period  ended 31 December  2021  the  Group  has  acquired  construction materials  from  TechnoNicol,  the  company 
under common control, with Inflection in amount of $281,441 (2020: $9,469), prepayment balance as at 31 December 2021 was 
$7,218 (2020: prepayment $454) 

(c)  Compensation of key management 

Key management are the Group’s directors. Compensation awarded to key management comprised: 

Salaries, fees and short-term employee benefits 
Share-based payments 

(d)  Interest in other entities 

2021 
520,501  
69,048  
589,649  

2020 
538,116  
81,187  
619,303  

Name of subsidiary 
undertaking  

Registered address/ Principal place of 
business 

Description of 
shares held 

Silver Bear Resources Inc. 

Suite 2500, 120 Adelaide Street West, Toronto, 
Ontario, Canada, M5H 1T1 

Ordinary CAD 
120,863,139 
shares 

AO Prognoz 

36/1 Ordzhonikidze Street, Yakutsk, Republic of 
Sakha (Yakutia), 677000, Russian Federation 

Ordinary RUB 
10,000 shares 

Proportion of 

nominal value of 

issued shares held by: 

Group 

Company 

% 

% 

100 

100 

100 

100 

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Silver Bear Resources Plc 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended 31 December 2021 and 2020 

16.  RELATED PARTY DISCLOSURES (Continued) 

All subsidiary undertakings have been included in the consolidation. The voting rights in the subsidiary undertakings are in proportion 
to the amount of shares held. 

The prinicipal activites of the Group’s subsidaries are as follows: 

- 
- 

Silver Bear Resources Inc. – holding company; and 
AO Prognoz - acquisition, exploration, evaluation and development of precious metal properties. 

17.  OTHER INCOME AND EXPENSES 

   OTHER INCOME 

   Meals distribution 
   Winter road maintenance 
   Rent 
   Income from fuel sales 
   Other income 

 OTHER EXPENSES 

Property tax 
Penalties 
Other expenses 

18.  PRODUCTION COST, GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES 

Production cost: 

Employee compensation 
Process reagents 
Repair and maintenance 
Fuel 
Mining tax 
Blasting 
Energy 
Refinery 
Other 
Change in finished goods and work in progress 

2021 
   45,198 
   - 
   89,271 
   84,860 
   284,437 
   503,766 

2020 
   64,449 
   123,197 
   212,510 
   62,942 
   23,176 
   486,274 

2021 

(1,599,840) 
(15,079) 
(241,025) 
(1,855,944) 

2020 

(1,794,249) 
   - 
(288,826) 
(2,083,075) 

2021 
(10,056,545) 
(1,971,807) 
(4,421,972) 
(5,068,282) 
(2,936,304) 
(3,246,325) 
(1,117,786) 
(267,890) 
(4,097,698) 
(3,427,919) 

(36,612,528) 

2020 
(8,472,345) 
(3,884,044) 
(3,315,320) 
(3,337,644) 
(3,274,267) 
(2,627,575) 
(1,339,515) 
(360,964) 
(4,092,750) 
513,728 

(30,190,696) 

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Silver Bear Resources Plc 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended 31 December 2021 and 2020 

18.  PRODUCTION COST, GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES (Continued) 

General and administrative expenses: 

Employee compensation 
Professional fees 
Auditors' remuneration – subsidiary audit 
Auditors' remuneration – Group audit 
Office expenses 
Travel expenses 
Legal fees 
Investor relations expenses 
Depreciation 
Amortisation 
Rent 
IT and communications 
Other expenses 

2021 
(2,311,378) 
(297,874) 
(53,419) 
(371,547) 
(56,239) 
(15,560) 
(180,945) 
(101,942) 
(25,213) 
(94,904) 
(241,534) 
(192,145) 
(212,045) 

(4,154,745) 

2020 
(2,301,506) 
(240,947) 
(51,456) 
(242,148) 
(24,833) 
(17,593) 
(306,094) 
(100,601) 
(26,287) 
(44,680) 
(180,785) 
(63,305) 
(232,283) 

(3,832,518) 

The average number of employees during the period was 433 (2020: 354). 

The following table provides the breakdown of Group’s employee compensation charged to the income statement: 

Salaries, fees and short-term employee benefits 
Share-based payments 

19.  FINANCE INCOME AND EXPENSE 

Finance Expense 

Interest accrued from loans 
Interest accrued from prepayments 
Interest accrued from lease obligations 
Accretion expenses 

Finance Income 

Non-substantive modification gain 
Interest from deposits 

2021 
(12,281,520) 
(86,403) 

2020 
(10,658,955) 
(114,896) 

(12,367,923) 

(10,773,851) 

2021 

(16,946,215) 
(117,122) 
(800,522) 
(235,090) 

(18,098,949) 

2020 

(17,056,246) 
(48,417) 
(538,697) 
(230,207) 

(17,873,567) 

2021 
- 
24,129 
24,129 

2020 
8,050,595 
18,440 
8,069,035 

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Silver Bear Resources Plc 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended 31 December 2021 and 2020 

20.  NET CHANGE IN NON-CASH WORKING CAPITAL 

Net change in non-cash working capital consists of the following: 

Receivables 
Advances received 
Inventories  
Prepaid expenses 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 

2021 
(685,796) 
(110,235) 
(385,651) 
225,116  
(52,541) 
(1,009,107) 

2020 
(105,316) 
(48,262) 
(2,504,658) 
(405,252) 
(828,381) 
(3,891,869) 

Net changes in non-cash working capital for cash flow statement calculated for each company of the Group in their functional 
currencies. Then translated to the reporting currency using the average rates and consolidated. 

21.  CAPITAL COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES  

The  Group  is  party  to  certain  management  contracts  and  severance  obligations.  These  contracts  contain  clauses  requiring  that 
additional payments of up to $70,000 be made upon the occurrence of certain events such as a change of control. As the likelihood 
of these events taking place is not determinable, the contingent payments have not been reflected in these consolidated financial 
statements. 

The  Group  may  be  involved in  legal  proceedings  from  time  to  time,  arising  in  the  ordinary course  of  its business.  The amount of 
ultimate liability with respect to these actions will not, in the opinion of management, materially affect  the Group’s financial position, 
results of operations or cash flows. There were no material outstanding legal proceedings as of 31 December 2021. 

22.  SEGMENTED INFORMATION 

The Group has one operating segment based on geographical location being the property in the Russian Federation (Mangazeisky). 
The Corporate balances are provided below to allow reconciliation back to the primary statements. 

As at 31 December 2021 

Country/Property 
Russia - 
Mangazeisky 

Cash 

Inventories 

Prepaid 

Receivables 

Mineral 
Properties 

Property 
plant and 
equipment 

Depreciation 

Interest 
expense 

Loss before 
tax 

1,824,665 

18,473,628 

3,224,500 

3,670,038 

10,247,095 

78,949,060 

(10,237,558) 

(18,098,949) 

(27,219,124) 

Corporate 

54,782 

- 

141,250 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(241,660) 

1,879,447 

18,473,628 

3,365,750 

3,670,038 

10,247,095 

78,949,060 

(10,237,558) 

(18,098,949) 

(27,460,784) 

As at 31 December 2020 

Country/Property 
Russia - 
Mangazeisky 

Cash 

Inventories 

Prepaid 

Receivables 

Mineral 
Properties 

Property 
plant and 
equipment 

Depreciation 

Interest 
expense 

Loss before 
tax 

1,193,504 

18,134,273 

5,437,388 

3,050,392 

11,923,604 

74,096,536 

(19,364,209) 

(17,873,567) 

(46,668,221) 

Corporate 

108,661 

- 

223,403 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(332,623) 

1,302,165 

18,134,273 

5,660,791 

3,050,392 

11,923,604 

74,096,536 

(19,364,209) 

(17,873,567) 

(47,000,844) 

Page | 44  

 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
Silver Bear Resources Plc 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended 31 December 2021 and 2020 

23.  FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 

Financial instruments measured at fair value on the consolidated statements of financial position are classified into one of three 
levels in the fair value hierarchy according to the relative reliability of the inputs used to estimate the fair values. The three levels of 
the fair value hierarchy are:  

• 
• 
• 

Level 1 – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;  
Level 2 – Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability either directly or indirectly; and  
Level 3 – Inputs that are not based on observable market data.  

The Group’s current financial instruments consist of cash, accounts receivable, short-term loans, lease liabilities and accounts payable 
and  accrued  liabilities.  These  financial  assets  and  liabilities  are  measured  at  amortised  cost.  The  fair  value  of  these  financial 
instruments approximates their carrying values due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The Group’s non-current financial 
instruments consist of long-term loans and lease liabilities. The fair value of these instruments approximates their carrying values as 
any differences are not material. Financial assets and financial liabilities as at 31 December 2021 and 31 December 2020 were as 
follows: 

31 December 2021 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Accounts receivable 
Short-term loans 
Long-term loans 
Advances received 
Accounts payables and accrued liabilities 
Lease liabilities 

Cash and 
receivables 

Loans and other  
liabilities 

1,879,447 
1,244,898 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
3,124,345 

- 
- 
(27,925,556) 
(167,639,194) 
(639) 
(2,643,658) 
(5,209,181) 
(203,418,228) 

31 December 2020 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Accounts receivable 
Short-term loans 
Long-term loans 
Advances received 
Accounts payables and accrued liabilities 
Lease liabilities 

Cash and receivables 

Loans and other  
liabilities 

1,302,165 
1,350,634 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
2,652,799 

- 
- 
(3,085,133) 
(165,062,833) 
(144) 
(2,877,234) 
(2,926,166) 
(173,951,510) 

TOTAL 

1,879,447 
1,244,898 
(27,925,556) 
(167,639,194) 
(639) 
(2,643,658) 
(5,209,181) 
(200,293,883) 

TOTAL 

1,302,165 
1,350,634 
(3,085,133) 
(165,062,833) 
(144) 
(2,877,234) 
(2,926,166) 
(171,298,711) 

The  carrying  value  of  cash  equivalents,  amounts  receivable,  short-term  loans,  long-term  loans,  accounts  payable  and  accrued 
liabilities and lease liabilities reflected in the consolidated statement of financial position approximate fair value. 

Page | 45  

 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
Silver Bear Resources Plc 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended 31 December 2021 and 2020 

24.  NET DEBT RECONCILIATION  

Net Debt as 31 December 2019 
Cash flow 
Non-cash changes: 
New leases 
Accrual of interest 
Modification gain  
FX differences 
Translation differences 

Net Debt as 31 December 2020 
Cash flow 
Non-cash changes: 
New leases 
Accrual of interest 
Modification gain  
FX differences 

Long and short-
term loans 

Long and 
short-term 
lease 
obligation 

Subtotal 

Cash and 
cash 
equivalents 

(166,842,243) 
4,503,967 

(888,300) 
3,606,534 

(167,730,543) 
8,110,501 

5,444,288 
(3,346,787) 

- 
(17,056,246) 
8,050,595 
(33,050,379) 
36,246,340 

(4,507,822) 
(538,697) 
- 
(433,932) 
(163,949) 

(4,507,822) 
(17,594,943) 
8,050,595 
(33,484,311) 
36,082,391 

- 
- 
- 
63,266 
(858,602) 

(168,147,966) 
(12,053,382) 

(2,926,166) 
4,067,357 

(171,074,132) 
(7,986,025) 

1,302,165 
261,380 

Total 

(162,286,255
) 
4,763,714 

(4,507,822) 
(17,594,943) 
8,050,595 
(33,421,045) 
35,223,789 
(169,771,967
) 
(7,724,646) 

- 
(16,946,215) 
- 
(1,349,664) 

(5,582,944) 
(832,243) 
- 
13,891 

(5,582,944) 
(17,778,458) 
- 
(1,335,773) 

- 
- 
- 
1,227 

(5,582,944) 
(17,778,458) 
- 
(1,334,546) 

Translation differences 

2,932,477 

50,924 

2,983,401 

314,675 

3,298,077 

Net Debt as 31 December 2021 

(195,564,750) 

(5,209,181) 

(200,773,931) 

1,879,447 

(198,894,484
) 

25.  INCOME TAXES 

Current tax expense 
Total tax expense 

2021 
(17,754) 
(17,754) 

2020 
(10,782) 
(10,782) 

Reconciliation between tax expense and the product of accounting loss multiplied by the Corporation's domestic tax rate is as follows: 

Profit/(Loss) before taxation 
Statutory tax rate 
Tax benefit of statutory rate 
Expenses not deductible for income tax purposes 
Recognition of previously written off deferred tax asset 
Deferred taxes not recognized for the period 
Tax losses carried forward not recognized 
Total tax expense 

2021 
(27,460,784) 
20.00% 
5,492,157  
(2,219,852) 
 -  
316,013  
(3,606,072) 
(17,754) 

2020 
(47,000,844) 
20.00% 
9,400,169  
(2,466,633) 
 -  
(516,856) 
(6,427,462) 
(10,782) 

The Group offsets tax assets and liabilities if and only if it has a legally enforceable right to set off the current tax assets and current 
tax liabilities or deferred tax assets and liabilities and they relate to taxes levied by the same tax authority. 

In addition, ZAO Prognoz has approximately $37,516,663 (2020: $33,894,607) of non-capital losses for Russian income tax purposes. 
Silver Bear PLC has approximately $2,728,990 (2020: $2,192,837) in non-capital losses that can be carried forward indefinitely. 

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Silver Bear Resources Plc 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended 31 December 2021 and 2020 

26.  CONTROLLING AND ULTIMATE CONTROLLING PARTY 

The controlling and ultimate controlling party is Kolesnikov Sergei Anatolievich. 

27.  SUBSEQUENT EVENTS 

Loan Extension 

On 20 January 2022, the Group announced an amendment to its existing loan agreement between the Company’s wholly-owned 
subsidiary, Joint  Stock  Company  Prognoz,  and  SKA  Assets  with  respect  to a  loan  in  the  principal  amount  of  750,000,000  rubles 
(equivalent to approximately C$12,000,000) by extending the maturity date of the loan from 31 December 2021 to 31 December 2022 
and increasing the interest rate of the loan from 8.27% per annum to 10.27% per annum effective from 01 January 2022 (“SKA Loan 
Amendment”). All other provisions of the Loan Agreement have remain unchanged. The Company filed a material change report in 
respect to the SKA Loan Agreement on 20 January 2022. 

Geopolitical situation 

In the first half of 2022, due to the geopolitical situation between Russia and Ukraine multiple sanctions were declared against Russia 
by Western countries. There are no sanctions against the Group, however sanctions that were implemented against Russia meant 
some brands ceased their operations in Russia. Management has prepared a plan to respond to this risk such as diversifying revenue 
channels  and  considering  the  use  of  aftermarket  spare  parts  for  mining  equipment  that  can  no  longer  be  sourced  directly  from 
suppliers. While the effect from the sanctions to date has had minimal impacts on the Group’s operations, there is no certainty over 
the future impacts of sanctions imposed against Russia. 

Also,  in  the  first  half  of  2022  Russia  implemented  sanctions  against  Western  countries.  Since  the  Russian  sanctions  have  been 
implemented, capital controls have been put in place that put restrictions on payments outside of Russia. Given the parent Company 
is reliant on cash from its Russian subsidiaries, this temporarily prevented the Parent Company fulfilling its obligation to  creditors. 
Subsequently the Parent Company has received cash from its subsidiary through management service contracts which has enabled 
it to resume fulfilling its obligations to creditors.  While the sanctions are in effect, the Group will be unable to pay dividends from 
Russia to UK and further to shareholders. There is no certainty over the future impact of sanctions imposed by Russia or Russian 
imposed capital controls. 

Cease trade order 

On 01 April 2022 the Company announced that it had been issued a cease trade order (“CTO”) by the Ontario Securities Commission 
(“OSC”) for not filing the following periodic disclosure documents (collectively “Annual Filings”) by the filing deadline of 31 March 2022. 

Page | 47