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Simon Property Group

spg · TSX Real Estate
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Ticker spg
Exchange TSX
Sector Real Estate
Industry REIT - Retail
Employees 1001-5000
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FY2022 Annual Report · Simon Property Group
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TRUSTED
PARTNER IN POWER™
2022 ANNUAL REPORT

TRUSTED 
PARTNER 
IN POWER™ 
WE ARE 
INDEPENDENT
•	 Unbiased service 
provider
•	 Pole-to-Product™
•	 Relationships over 
transactions
WE ARE 
LOCAL
•	 Community-based
•	 Local service with 
continent-wide 
expertise
•	 Certified, well-
trained, non-union
WE HAVE 
SCALE
•	 Award-winning 
Health & Safety 
Programs
•	 Flexible and 
responsive 
•	 Right ideas and 
solutions

CEO’s Message to Shareholders.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Chairman’s Message to Shareholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Key Figures.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Management Team and Board of Directors.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Business Overview.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Schedule 1 – Financial Statements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Management’s Responsibility for Financial Reporting.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
BDO Independent Auditor’s Report.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Consolidated Statements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Schedule 2 – Management’s Discussion & Analysis.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
MD&A, Forward-Looking Information, Presentation of Financial 
Information, Key Performance Indicators.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Business Overview.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Summary Financial Information.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, and Pro-forma EBITDA.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Results of Operations.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Results of Operations by Reportable Business Segment.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Outlook.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Off Balance-Sheet Arrangements, Commitments and Contingencies.. . 94
Summary Quarterly Financial Information.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Significant Accounting Judgements and Estimates.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Financial Instruments.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Disclosure Controls and Procedures and Internal Controls 
Over Financial Reporting.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Risk Management.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Corporate Information.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
TABLE OF CONTENTS
3

Dear shareholders, 
I am pleased to report that in 
2022, Spark Power remained 
committed to our core values 
and have achieved significant 
improvements in our results 
compared to previous periods. 
We have taken important steps 
to position the business to 
address both current and long-
term opportunities associated 
with electrification, with a 
focus on maximizing potential 
shareholder returns.
During the year, we dedicated 
significant effort towards 
formulating our new three-year 
strategy, “Let’s Grow Better,” 
aimed at creating sustainable 
and long-term value for 
shareholders through a fully 
integrated platform company 
targeting the period of 2023 - 
2025. With our new vision and 
mission, we are prepared to 
unlock the next phase of our 
maturity, built on a foundation 
of operational excellence. We 
also made significant progress 
towards achieving our “One 
Spark” operating model, which 
brings together our culture, 
technology platform, business 
processes, and organization as 
an integrated platform.
We continued to grow the 
business by adding new 
customers, including significant 
U.S. solar operations and 
maintenance agreements, large 
scope technical services work, 
and expanding our Renewables 
Operating Centre in Dallas, Texas, 
which monitors solar and battery 
storage assets across North 
America. These accomplishments 
are a testament to the tireless 
efforts of our team, and I thank 
them for their unwavering 
commitment.
In November, we divested our 
Bullfrog Power Inc. business 
unit.  This transaction has 
further streamlined the business, 
allowing us to focus on our 
core Technical Services and 
Renewables Services segments.
I want to take this opportunity 
to thank our Spark Power 
employees for their hard work 
and dedication.  Especially given 
their focus on health and safety 
and the continued positive 
trending we experienced in 2022. 
To our valued customers and 
shareholders, thank you for the 
trust you have placed in us. We 
will continue to work tirelessly 
every day to maintain and build 
upon this trust. As an integrated 
North American electrical 
services provider with a strong 
strategy in place, we are well 
positioned for the years ahead. 
Sincerely,
Richard Jackson
President & CEO
CEO’S 
MESSAGE TO 
SHAREHOLDERS
4

Dear shareholders, 
In 2022, Spark Power has once 
again demonstrated the strength 
of our business and the talent 
of our people. Through a year 
of strategic planning and long-
term goal setting, Spark Power 
has continued to support 
communities across North 
America that depend on our 
services. 
We closed the year strong, with 
a focus on launching the 2025 
Let’s Grow Better Strategy. 
Through the establishment of 
strategic pillars and supporting 
workstreams, we will further 
strengthen our ability to serve 
customers’ evolving needs, roll-
out our go-to-market plan and 
focus on US maturity, invest 
in the growth and learning of 
our people, and work toward 
continuous improvement and 
operational excellence. While our 
business is amid a transformation, 
I have full confidence that we 
have the proper team in place to 
accomplish our mission.
As we look forward to another 
year of progress, the Board 
of Directors thanks our 
President and Chief Executive 
Officer, Richard Jackson, Vice 
President and Chief Financial 
Officer, Richard Perri and the 
entire executive team for their 
exceptional leadership and 
support through 2022. We want 
to recognize the hard work and 
commitment our Spark Power 
colleagues demonstrate every 
day, delivering a range of services 
rooted in trust, resilience and care.
I want to thank my fellow Board 
members for contributing 
their expertise and industry 
knowledge, and while I have 
made the decision not to stand 
for re-election as Chair for 
personal reasons.
The continued support from 
our shareholders is greatly 
appreciated, and we’d like to 
thank our customers for the 
opportunity to serve them. We 
will continue to work each day 
to maintain your trust as your 
partner in power. 
Sincerely,
Lucio Di Clemente
Chairman of the Board
CHAIRMAN’S 
MESSAGE TO 
SHAREHOLDERS
5

EVOLVING 
STRATEGIC 
IMPERATIVES TO 
DRIVE STRATEGY
Integration (Operations, 
Brand, Culture)
•	 Predictable operational excellence 
•	 Clarity and consistency in our go-to-market messaging - 
Trusted Partner in Power™
•	 Focus on profitable US growth
•	 Focus on Business Unit/Branch Manager – 
develop, retain and support
2020
Integration (Operations, 
Brand, Culture) & Platform
•	 Predictable operational excellence 
•	 Recapitalization for stability & growth
2021
Platform for Growth
•	 Predictable operational excellence 
•	 Embed culture
•	 Acquisition & integration
2022
6

GROWTH 
STRATEGY
The Corporation’s Executive Team reviews its 3-year Strategic Plan on an annual basis to assure that the 
business is consistently positioned to properly address both the current and long-term opportunities; 
maximizing the potential for shareholder returns. In Q4 2022, the Corporation continued the establishment 
of a sound foundation for long-term success through its launch of the 2025 Let’s Grow Better Strategy. The 
focus of the new strategy is profitable growth, positive free cash flow generation, and implementation of the 
‘Spark Way’, resulting in value creation for all stakeholders. The Strategic Plan is rooted in three key pillars- 
customer, people and operational excellence; supported by a clear brand position, and an annual statement of 
strategic priorities.
Our Vision: Shaping the future of electrification in 
our communities. 
Our Mission: As the Trusted Partner in Power™ 
in North America, we deliver the highest quality 
standards in service, reliability and safety. 
Our Strength: Our highly skilled and dedicated people, 
our knowledge of the power industry, our distributed 
branch model, and our commitment to safety ensures 
we deliver the right solutions for our customers.
Brand Position & Promise - 
Trusted Partner in Power™ The Corporation’s brand 
position is to be our customers’ Trusted Partner 
in Power. This brand underpins the Corporation’s 
go-to-market strategies, including but not limited 
to marketing, business development, offerings 
development, organization and customer promise. 
The Corporation lives this brand overtly through its 
messaging (internal and external) and through the 
delivery on this promise to our customers. 
With the newly formed 2025 
Let’s Grow Better Strategy, 
the Corporation is set to 
transition from a ‘One Spark’ 
operating model, focused on 
the final phase of integration 
of all the acquired subsidiaries, 
to establishing ‘The Spark 
Way’. Over the course of 
this strategic cycle, the 
organization will transform 
to the ‘Spark Way’ which is 
described as a set of common 
goals, practices, and purpose 
to achieve the newly formed 
vision and mission as Spark 
Power prepares to unlock 
the next phase in its maturity 
supported by a foundation of 
operational excellence.
7

GROWTH 
STRATEGY (continued)
The Corporation has established the following strategic pillars and supporting 
workstreams as part of its 2025 Let’s Grow Better Strategy: 
1.	 Customer 
	
• Targeted 
Go-to-Market
	
• Customer 
Experience 
	
• US Market Maturity
2.	People
	
• Learning & Growth
	
• Talent Management
	
• Leadership & 
Business Acumen
3.	Operational 
Excellence
	
• Workforce Planning 
	
• Enterprise 
Governance 
	
• Continuous 
Improvement 
	
• Quality 
Management
8

GROWTH 
STRATEGY (continued)
The Corporation has established the following Guiding Principles that help 
clarify the organization’s purpose and establishes a framework for identifying 
and pursuing strategic opportunities.
•	 One Spark
Leveraging our fully 
integrated lines of 
business, centralized 
corporate services 
and systems to 
deliver a customer-
centric, pole-to-
product service 
experience for our 
customers. 
•	 Mission First 
Serving the need 
of our customers, 
employees, and 
our communities 
by applying the 
highest standards 
of excellence to our 
everyday work. 
•	 Profitable Growth 
Institutionalizing a 
narrow and deep 
strategy focused on 
margin expansion 
and targeting 
industry leading 
gross margins in our 
business through 
the ongoing pursuit 
of continuous 
improvement 
opportunities. Our 
goal is to advance 
the profitable 
growth mindset 
from being EBITDA-
focused to a free 
cash flow focused 
organization. 
•	 North American 
Brand 
Become a North 
American Brand 
through the 
transformation of 
our brand position 
and promise as the 
Trusted Partner in 
Power with strategic 
customers to expand 
our current footprint. 
•	 Predictable Business 
Strengthening 
rigour and discipline 
using governance 
and common 
processes to evolve 
predictability in our 
Business.
9

OUR SCALE 
CREATES 
DIFFERENTIATION 
ABILITY TO:
•	 Invest in our 
commitment to 
health and safety
•	 Be responsive to 
our customers’ 
needs at any time 
across all our 
services
•	 Scale to serve 
our customers – 
geographically and 
for jobs of any size
•	 Invest in understanding 
markets, technology 
and products to 
help our customers 
identify the right 
solutions
•	 Invest in recruiting, 
hiring, training and 
retaining high quality 
people
~1,200
EMPLOYEES
~700
FLEET 
VEHICLES
6,500+ mw
RENEWABLE ASSETS 
SERVICED & SUPPORTED
5,500
CUSTOMERS
1,000+
TECHICAL SKILLED 
WORKERS
10

Only zero is acceptable. Safety is our top priority 
with zero compromised, zero short cuts, and 
zero excuses. 
1.51
Total Recordable 
Injury Frequency
0.00
Lost Time Frequency
28,638
Inspections
34,406
Meetings
7,052
Observations
ZERO 
TOLERANCE 
SAFETY CULTURE
11

WHAT IS 
SPARK 100? 
Spark 100 is an employee-led committee focused on promoting sustainable practices, educating our 
employees, and engaging with our local communities through impactful initiatives across Spark. Our four 
guiding principles coupled with employee suggestions help us identify annual initiatives. The success of 
Spark 100 is directly related to the voice of our employees and engagement with the Spark 100 Team – 
whether that’s through being directly involved as a Spark100 member, participating in events, or simply 
suggesting new ideas. 
We are introducing Spark100’s new vision, mission, guiding principles and our 2023 objectives tied to the 
Let’s Grow Better Strategic Plan as part of the People Pillar.
Spark 100 – Our Commitment
Vision
To inspire positive, long-term social and 
environmental change that will better serve 
our people & our communities, now and 
over the next century.
Mission
To engage, empower and educate our 
employees to create a culture that upholds 
Spark 100s four guiding principles.
Diversity, Equity 
& Inclusion
Create Industry-leading 
opportunities that 
celebrate diversity 
and promote equity 
and inclusion in our 
workplace. 
Environment 
Engaging our 
employees in 
sustainable practices 
that decrease our 
collective carbon 
footprint. 
Health & Wellness 
Providing our 
employees with the 
tools and resources to 
promote a culture of 
safety and wellness.
Community
Supporting our 
employees and the 
communities in which 
they live and work.
12

SHIFT TO SCALABLE 
FIELD FOCUSED 
MODEL
Building a scalable 
network of local branch 
operations in all 
markets we serve across 
North America to:
•	 Emphasize operational 
excellence
•	 Prioritize health and safety
•	 Guide capital allocation & 
strategy planning 
13

OUR NORTH AMERICAN 
FOOTPRINT 
OUR NORTH 
AMERICAN 
FOOTPRINT 
14

)s
n
oilli
m
 ni( e
u
n
e
v
e
R
Employees
-10
40
90
190
140
240
250
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
00
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2022
2021
Revenue (M)
*As described earlier, the Bullfrog Sale was completed in November 2022. The 2022 revenue figure includes Bullfrog -related revenue up to November 30, 2022,
and the employee headcount excludes Bullfrog employees
People
A HISTORY 
OF GROWTH
15

Revenue (Millions)
32%
Compound Annual 
Growth Rate 
2015-2021
28%
Compound Annual 
Growth Rate 
2015-2022
Adjusted EBITDA (Millions)
19%
Compound Annual 
Growth Rate 
2015-2021
24%
Compound Annual 
Growth Rate 
2015-2022
Gross Margin % - 3 Year Average
2020
2021
2022
3-Year
Revenue
228.2
255.8
272.3
 756.3 
Gross Margin
76.7
68.8
54.8
 200.3 
GM %
33.6%
26.9%
20.1%
26.5%
Revenue - CAD
2020
2021
2022
Spark Power Group Inc. Cons
Technical Services
153,579
156,500
181,653
Renewables
64,538
86,335
89,333
Corporate Services
1,618
1,788
1,291
Total
219,735
244,623
272,277
Sustainability - Disc. Operations
8,418
11,191
10,109
TOTAL
228,153
255,814
282,386
Adjusted EBITDA Margin % - 3 Year Average
2020
2021
2022
3-Year
Revenue
228.2
255.8
272.3
 756.3 
Adjusted EBITDA
32.4
21.7
33.1
 87.2 
EBITDA %
14.2%
8.5%
12.2%
11.5%
STRONG FINANCIAL 
PERFORMANCE 
	 2015	
2016	
2017	
2018	
2019	
2020	
2021	
2022
$47.6
$63.8
$80.0
$119.8
$188.6
$228.2
$255.8
$272.3
	 2015	
2016	
2017	
2018	
2019	
2020	
2021	
2022
$7.5
$10.3
$15.5
$20.5
$25.1
$32.4
21.7
33.1
16

Richard Jackson
President & CEO 
Richard is Spark Power’s President & Chief Executive 
Officer with over 20 years of leadership experience 
in industrial companies across North America. 
Richard leads all operations within Spark including 
designing the organization for long-term scalable 
growth, formulating and leading the execution of 
Spark’s corporate strategy, and driving functional 
and operating performance across the organization.
Richard Perri
Executive Vice President & CFO 
Richard is Spark Power’s Executive Vice President & 
Chief Financial Officer with over 20 years of financial 
and leadership experience across multiple industries. 
He oversees the organization’s financial accounting 
and strives to create a team-oriented environment 
that is thorough in addressing and reporting the 
Company’s financial operations.
Cody Zaitsoff 
Executive Vice President, U.S. Technical Services
Cody is Spark Power’s Executive Vice President, U.S. 
Technical Services with over 18 years of experience 
in the electrical services sector. An experienced 
leader with a background in field engineering and 
system design services, Cody is responsible for 
overseeing all Spark Power operations across the 
U.S. and in Canada from Manitoba west to British 
Columbia, and Canada’s North.
Helen Yuan
Vice President, Finance
Helen Yuan is Spark Power’s Vice President, 
Finance with almost 18 years of experience across 
various industries. She is responsible for building 
and overseeing the finance team over financial 
accounting and reporting, developing and improving 
internal control systems, cash flow management, 
financial planning and analysis, and supporting 
decisions to help drive business performance.
SENIOR 
LEADERSHIP TEAM
17

April Currey
Vice President, Sales & Marketing
April is Spark Power’s Vice President of Sales 
& Marketing with over 16 years of experience 
overseeing sales, marketing, and market intelligence 
initiatives, including significant experience with 
sector innovation projects focused on providing 
customers with more choices to manage electricity. 
She is responsible for leading the commercial 
strategy for the organization. 
Najlaa Rauf
Vice President of People & Culture 
(Human Resources)
Najlaa is Spark Power’s Vice President of People 
& Culture (Human Resources) with over 10 years 
of experience in employee engagement, human 
resources, and leadership development in non-profit, 
education and electrical contracting services. She 
is responsible for leading the organization in the 
areas of culture, and talent attraction, retention, and 
development.
Michael Mah
Vice President, Information Technology 
Michael is Spark Power’s Vice President of 
Information Technology with over 20 years of 
experience in technology leadership across many 
different industry sectors including energy and 
utilities, financial services, and real estate. He 
is responsible for leading Spark’s Information 
Technology and Systems team in the management 
and delivery of technology services for the 
organization.
Phil Lefko
Vice President, Chief Legal Counsel, 
Spark Power Group of companies 
Phil serves as Chief Legal Counsel to the Spark 
Power Group of companies and has almost 20 years 
of experience as a practising lawyer with a focus 
on corporate finance and securities, mergers and 
acquisitions, corporate governance, and general 
corporate matters. He has been providing Spark 
Power legal services since its inception.
SENIOR (continued) 
LEADERSHIP TEAM
18

1. 	Member of the Audit and Risk Committee 
2. 	Member of the Compensation and Human 
Capital Committee 
Jason Sparaga
Co-founder and Director 
Jason is Spark Power’s Co-
Founder & Board Chair with 
over 20 years of experience in 
private company M&A, corporate 
finance, and merchant banking, 
with a history of closing more 
than 100 transactions. A driven 
entrepreneur and business 
leader, Jason is focused on M&A 
activities, corporate finance, 
and supporting key strategic 
initiatives.
Andrew Clark 
Co-founder and Vice Board Chair
Andrew is Spark Power’s 
Co-Founder & Vice Board 
Chair with over two decades 
of experience in the industrial 
manufacturing, merchant 
banking, and advanced energy 
sectors. Andrew’s primary focus 
is on the company’s Corporate 
Sustainability.
Eric Waxman
Co-Founder and Board Director
Eric is Spark Power’s Co-
Founder and Board Director 
with over 20 years of extensive 
experience with M&A, investment 
banking, and private equity deal 
structures. A strong leader, Eric 
focuses on driving an ownership 
and safety-first culture within the 
Company and leading acquisition 
transactions and their integration 
to accelerate Spark Power’s 
North American-wide expansion.
Lucio Di Clemente
Board Chair (1)
Lucio Di Clemente, CPA/CA, 
MBA, ICD.D, is an experienced 
executive, corporate director, and 
business advisor who brings a 
wealth of operational excellence 
and experience with financial 
transactions. Lucio has been 
instrumental in closing deals with 
an aggregate value of over $3B 
over the course of his career, 
working with several iconic 
Canadian companies across a 
broad spectrum of industries.
Joseph Quarin
Director (2)
Joe Is a successful public 
company Chief Executive Officer 
(TSX and NYSE), corporate 
executive and director. He was 
the Chief Executive Officer and 
Director of Progressive Waste 
Solutions Ltd., a North American 
non-hazardous solid waste 
management company from 
January 2012 until the reverse-
merger with Waste Connections 
Inc. in 2016.
Daniel Peloquin
Director (1,2)
Daniel Peloquin is a seasoned 
executive who has been 
involved in the manufacturing 
and exporting of products and 
services serving the electrical 
Transmission and Distribution 
(T&D) industry and End Users 
on international markets for 
over 35 years. Peloquin’s 
background includes extensive 
executive leadership in general 
management, human capital, 
engineering, sales, marketing 
and operations.
BOARD 
CHAIR
19

Overview 
The Corporation is a leading 
provider of end-to-end electrical 
services and operations and 
maintenance services, to the 
industrial, utility, and renewable 
asset markets in Canada and 
the United States. Spark Power 
is focused on becoming its 
customers’ Trusted Partner in 
Power™, taking advantage of 
the opportunities presented by 
significant public and private 
investment in electrification and 
renewables development. 
We have focused our business 
on serving specific segments 
including: industrial customers; 
regulated utilities; original 
equipment manufacturers 
and renewable asset owners. 
In addition, we have worked 
to develop longstanding 
relationships with customers 
focused on industries less likely 
to be impacted by recession 
or displacement (such as 
offshoring) – including food & 
beverage, packaging, logistics, 
automation and data centres. 
We manage concentration risk 
by ensuring that no customer 
represents more than 10% of 
our revenue. 
The business of the Corporation 
was commenced in 2009 with 
the incorporation of Spark Solar 
Management Inc., to capitalize 
on the Ontario provincial 
government’s then newly 
implemented Green Energy Act. 
Spark Power was formed in 2014 
in connection with a corporate 
reorganization of Spark Solar 
Management Inc. 
Currently, the Corporation’s 
business is most mature in 
Eastern Canada, accounting 
for the largest part of our 
revenue. The Corporation’s 
‘branch network’ model has 
been proven over many years, 
adopted through our wholly 
owned subsidiary, New Electric. 
The Branch Network model 
now spans across all our North 
American branch locations. 
Under this model, branch 
managers have full profit and 
loss responsibility, supported 
by corporate services better 
provided centrally because 
of scale (such as financial 
reporting, marketing, supply 
chain management, information 
technology, systems and 
engineering). As the Corporation 
expands, replicating this model, 
particularly by expanding in 
regions in which a presence 
has already been established, 
has proven to be a repeatable 
successful model for expansion. 
The Corporation’s long-term 
North American growth and 
diversification strategy includes a 
focus on expansion opportunities 
in the United States. The 
Corporation intends to increase 
its presence in the United States 
market through a targeted go to 
market plan and an intentional 
selection of expansion regions 
and service segments as well as 
a combination of new branch 
openings and acquisitions at the 
appropriate time. The Corporation 
will prioritize branch openings 
in locations where opportunities 
exist to grow synergistically with 
its Canadian customers that 
also have U.S. operations by 
expanding existing relationships 
with these customers into new 
regions and leveraging business 
start-up costs.
In 2020, the Corporation 
migrated its U.S. Corporate 
Office to Dallas, Texas and began 
the management transition 
from ‘start-up state’ to ‘run 
state’. This change included the 
appointment of a new Executive 
Vice President to oversee the U.S. 
Line of Business. The Corporation 
announced new branch openings 
in Houston, Texas, Bakersfield, 
California and Albany, New York 
in late 2020 and throughout 2021.
The Corporation has grown 
through a mix of acquisition and 
organic growth. Spark Power has 
made twelve acquisitions over 
the past ten years, and coupled 
with post-acquisition organic 
growth, this has led to substantial 
scale in our operations.
In November 2022, Spark Power 
divested its Bullfrog Power 
Inc. business unit, including its 
United States business carried 
on through Bullfrog Solutions 
USA Inc., and its subsidiary 
companies, for total all-cash 
proceeds of up to $35.0 
million, subject to customary 
adjustments and including an 
earnout of up to $3.5 million, 
payable over a maximum of 
five years. Proceeds from 
the transaction were used to 
facilitate near-term deleveraging 
and strengthening of Spark 
Power’s balance sheet, while also 
providing the Corporation with 
additional liquidity to support 
growth in the next stage of 
its maturity. The transaction 
will also further streamline the 
business, allowing it to focus on 
its core Technical Services and 
Renewables businesses.
DESCRIPTION OF 
THE BUSINESS
20

Renewables
Spark Power is an independent renewables operations and maintenance provider in North America. Operating in many 
centres and remote locations in the U.S. and Canada, the Renewables business is primarily focused on Wind, Solar, Storage 
and Electric Vehicle Charging assets. Spark’s Renewables services include:
Operating Structure
Operating within our field focused operating model, Spark is organized into reportable business segments 
as detailed below. Management believes that this segmentation reflects how the business is managed and 
provides a clear understanding, for both management and other users of the financial information, of the 
businesses with different growth opportunities, revenue profiles and historical earnings performance and 
potential.
Technical Services 
Canada
Renewables
Canada
Technical Services
USA
Renewables
USA
Spark’s integrated suite of services across North America are as follows:
Technical Services
Centred around its branch network, Spark’s Technical Services business segment operates out of several 
locations in the U.S. and Canada and focuses on pole-to-product industrial electrical contracting services. 
With highly responsive and local technical teams, Spark offers a wide variety of services and solutions to a 
wide range of customers to meet their low to medium/high voltage needs including:
•	 Emergency response 
and shift coverage
•	 Preventative 
Maintenance
•	 Substation 
Construction
•	 Installation and 
commissioning of 
equipment
•	 Power Systems 
Engineering 
•	 Customer control 
panel design/
assembly
•	 Industrial automation 
services
•	 Power Equipment 
Sales & Rentals
Solar
•	 24/7 monitoring and 
analytics from central 
operating centre
•	 Fence to fence, 
onsite operations and 
maintenance to wide 
range of solar sites
Wind
•	 In-construction 
services
•	 Asset monitoring
•	 Operations and 
maintenance
•	 Commissioning
Battery Energy Storage 
Systems (BESS)
•	 Engineering, 
procurement, and 
construction
•	 Operations and 
maintenance
•	 Commissioning
Electric Vehicle (EV) 
Infrastructure
•	 Construction
•	 Operations and 
maintenance
21

CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL 
STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31
2022 & 2021

MANAGEMENT'S RESPONSIBILITY FOR FINANCIAL REPORTING 
The accompanying consolidated financial statements for Spark Power Group Inc. 
were 
prepared by management in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards ( IFRS ). 
Management acknowledges responsibility for the fair preparation and presentation of the consolidated 
financial statements, including responsibility for significant accounting judgments and estimates and the 
opinion of management, the consolidated financial statements have been prepared within acceptable limits 
using accounting policies consistent with IFRS appropriate in the circumstances. 
Management has established processes, which are in place to provide them sufficient knowledge to support 
management representations that they have exercised reasonable diligence that (i) the consolidated financial 
statements do not contain any untrue statement of material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be 
stated or that is necessary to make a statement not misleading in light of the circumstances under which it is 
made, as of the date of and for the periods presented by the consolidated financial statements and (ii) the 
consolidated financial statements fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, financial 
performance and cash flows of the Company, as of the date of and for the periods presented by the 
consolidated financial statements.  
The Board of Directors is responsible for reviewing and approving the consolidated financial statements 
together with other financial information of the Company and for ensuring that management fulfills its financial 
reporting responsibilities. An Audit Committee assists the Board of Directors in fulfilling this responsibility. The 
Audit Committee meets with management to review the financial reporting process and the consolidated 
financial statements together with other financial information of the Company. The Audit Committee reports 
its findings to the Board of Directors for its consideration in approving the consolidated financial statements 
together with other financial information of the Company for issuance to the shareholders.  
rs in compliance with established 
financial standards, and applicable laws and regulations, and for maintaining proper standards of conduct for 
its activities. 
(Signed) 
(Signed) 
Richard Jackson  
 Richard Perri 
President & Chief Executive Officer 
 Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer 
March 28, 2023 
Oakville, Ontario 
23

24

 
 
 
 
 
25

 
 
 
 
26

27

SPARK POWER GROUP INC.   
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position 
Presented in thousands of Canadian dollars 
As at December 31
Notes
2022
2021
Assets
Current assets 
Accounts receivable
4
67,995
$ 
  
63,510
$ 
  
Other receivable
5
4,816
  
-  
HST receivable
1,229
  
1,951
  
Inventory
7
8,365
  
8,167
  
Contract asset
4
26,805
 
25,826
 
Current portion of lease receivable
8
94
  
-  
Current derivative assets
30
-  
1,769
  
Prepaid expenses and deposits
4,969
  
7,161
  
114,273
  
108,384
  
Non-current assets 
Lease receivable
8
80
  
-  
 Long-term derivative assets
30
-  
2,150
  
 Long-term receivables
29
3,318
  
-  
Property and equipment and right-of-use assets
9
48,424
 
33,272
 
Intangible assets
10
19,964
 
29,116
 
Goodwill
11
29,830
 
37,963
 
Deferred tax asset
16
2,887
  
-  
218,776
$ 
  
210,885
$ 
  
Liabilities and Shareholders' equity
Current liabilities
Bank indebtedness
12
24,921
$ 
  
28,142
$ 
  
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 
44,174
 
54,730
 
Current portion of long-term debt
13
4,500
  
61,962
 
Current portion of promissory notes
14
2,500
  
10,738
 
Current portion of lease liability
15
8,057
  
6,643
  
Current derivative liabilities
30
-  
1,203
  
Income taxes payable
942
  
1,656
  
Contract liability
4
7,187
  
7,182
  
92,281
 
172,256
  
Non-current liabilities
Long-term debt
13
28,602
 
-  
Lease liability
15
27,475
 
13,984
 
Deferred tax liability
16
-  
1,096
  
148,358
  
187,336
  
Shareholders' equity
Share capital
17
179,303
139,472
Contributed surplus
2,041
1,606
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(1,236)
(34)
Deficit
(109,690)
(117,495)
70,418
 
23,549
 
218,776
$ 
  
210,885
$ 
  
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
28

SPARK POWER GROUP INC.  
Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) and Comprehensive Income (Loss) 
Presented in thousands of Canadian dollars, except share and per share amounts
Notes
2022
2021
Revenue
4,20
272,277
$   
244,624
$ 
  
Cost of sales
6,20
217,430
  
199,446
  
Gross profit
54,847
  
45,178
  
Expenses
Selling, general and administrative
6,20
55,984
55,799
Provison for expected credit loss
4,20
1,769
518
Reorganization costs
20,28
2,048
3,391
Other expenses (income)
57
(49)
Foreign exchange (gain) loss
20
(624)
955
Loss from continuing operations 
(4,387)
(15,436)
Other income (expenses) 
Finance expense
(8,423)
(7,126)
Transaction costs
27
(1,329)
(2,141)
Impairment loss
11
(1,500)
(4,000)
(11,252)
(13,267)
Loss before income taxes from continuing operations
(15,639)
(28,703)
Current income tax recovery
16
1,346
1,175
Deferred income tax recovery
16
3,294
1,005
Income taxes recovery
4,640
2,180
Net loss from continuing operations
(10,999)
(26,523)
Net income from discontinued operations
29
18,804
5,230
Net income (loss) 
7,805
(21,293)
Cumulative translation adjustment
(1,202)
373
Comprehensive income (loss)
6,603
$ 
  
(20,920)
$ 
  
 Basic
23
(0.12)
$ 
  
(0.47)
$ 
  
 Diluted
23
(0.12)
$ 
  
(0.47)
$ 
  
 Basic
23,29
0.21
$ 
  
0.09
$ 
  
 Diluted
23,29
0.21
$ 
  
0.09
$ 
  
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to equity holders for 
continuing operations
Earnings per share attributable to equity holders for discontinued 
operations
         As at December 31,
29

SPARK POWER GROUP INC. 
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity 
Presented in thousands of Canadian dollars, except share and per share amounts 
Warrants
Contributed
Accumulated other 
comprehensive
Number
 Amount 
 Amount 
surplus
loss
 Deficit 
 Balance at December 31, 2020 
 Notes 
53,649,648
  
130,284
$  
  
2,662
$  
  
1,017
$  
  
(407)
$  
 
(96,202)
$ 
  
37,354
$  
  
Net loss 
-  
- 
- 
- 
-
(21,293)
 
(21,293)
 
Exercise of options 
  17 
411,282
  
782
  
- 
(206)
  
- 
-  
576
   
 Forfeiture of options 
  17 
-  
-  
-  
(87)
  
-  
-  
(87)
  
 Conversion of restricted share units 
  17 
219,277
   
144
   
-  
(129)
  
-  
-  
15
  
Forfeiture of restricted share units 
  17 
-  
- 
- 
(61)
 
- 
-  
(61)
  
Stock-based compensation 
  17 
-  
- 
- 
1,072
 
- 
-  
1,072
 
 Issuance of common shares 
  17 
2,654,028
  
5,600
  
-  
-  
-  
-  
5,600
  
 Cumulative translation adjustment 
-  
-  
-  
-  
373
   
-  
373
   
 Balance at December 31, 2021 
56,934,235
  
136,810
$  
  
2,662
$  
  
1,606
$  
  
(34)
$  
 
(117,495)
$ 
  
23,549
$  
  
 Net income 
-  
-  
-  
-  
-  
7,805
  
7,805
  
 Conversion of restricted share units 
  17 
551,434
   
306
   
-  
(306)
  
-  
-  
-  
Forfeiture of restricted share units 
  17 
-  
- 
- 
(53)
 
- 
-  
(53)
  
Stock-based compensation 
  17 
-  
- 
- 
794
  
- 
-  
794
   
 Issuance of common shares 
  17 
33,007,466
  
39,525
  
-  
-  
-  
-  
39,525
  
 Cumulative translation adjustment 
-  
-  
-  
-  
(1,202)
   
- 
(1,202)
 
 Balance at December 31, 2022 
90,493,135
  
176,641
$  
  
2,662
$  
  
2,041
$  
  
(1,236)
$  
  
(109,690)
$  
  
70,418
$  
  
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
 Common shares 
 Shareholders'
equity 
30

SPARK POWER GROUP INC.  
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 
Presented in thousands of Canadian dollars 
Notes
2022
2021
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income (loss)
7,805
$ 
 
(21,293)
$ 
  
Adjustments for non-cash items
Amortization and depreciation
9,10
19,250
 
18,769
 
Amortization of deferred financing fees
13
309
  
184
  
Provision for expected credit losses
4
1,769
  
(518)
  
Unrealized foreign exchange loss
654
  
1,559
  
Earn-out
29
(3,318)
  
-
  
Stock-based compensation
17
794
  
1,072
  
Forfeited options and restricted share units
17
(53)
  
(148)
  
Deferred income taxes
16
(3,294)
  
(316)
  
Gain on disposal of discontinued operations, net of taxes
29
(8,674)
  
-
  
Impairment loss
11
1,500
  
4,000
  
Changes in non-cash working capital balances 
Accounts receivable 
(7,051)
  
(11,955)
 
Other receivable
(4,816)
  
-
  
HST receivable
722
  
(365)
  
Inventory 
(1,021)
  
(671)
  
Contract asset
(1,947)
  
3,114
  
Lease receivable 
(174)
  
379
  
Prepaid expenses and deposits
(34)
  
(1,075)
  
Government grant receivable
-
  
379
  
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 
(9,906)
  
14,657
 
Income taxes payables 
(204)
  
(584)
  
Contract liabilities 
37
  
3,427
  
Cash flows from (used in) discontinued operations
29
(4,354)
  
(1,541)
  
(12,006)
 
9,074
  
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of property and equipment
9
(4,548)
  
(5,599)
  
Investment in intangible assets
10
(4,080)
  
-
  
Disposal of discontinued operations, net of cash disposed of
29
30,017
 
-
  
21,389
 
(5,599)
  
Cash flows from financing activities
Bank indebtedness
12
(3,221)
  
2,698
  
Issuance of share capital
17
39,525
 
5,600
  
Conversion of restricted share units
17
-
  
15
  
Exercise of warrants and stock options
17
-
  
576
  
Proceeds from long-term debt
13
2,833
  
5,260
  
Repayment of  long-term debt
13
(30,120)
 
(9,508)
  
Repayment of promissory notes
14
(8,238)
  
-
  
Repayment of lease liability
15
(8,280)
  
(7,569)
  
Increase in deferred financing fees
13
(1,882)
  
(547)
  
(9,383)
  
(3,475)
  
Net change in cash and cash equivalents during the period
-  
-  
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
-
  
-
  
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
-
$ 
 
-
$
 
Supplementary cash flow information
Interest paid
8,423
  
7,471
  
Cash taxes paid 
2,304
  
267
  
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
For years ended December 31
31

SPARK POWER GROUP INC. 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 
Presented in thousands of Canadian dollars, except share and per share amounts 
 
1.
BUSINESS DESCRIPTION
Spark Power Group Inc
provides electrical power services and solutions to North American industrial, commercial, institutional, renewable,
and agricultural customers, as well as utility markets including municipalities, universities, schools, and hospitals.
 head office, principal address, and registered office is located at 1337 North Service Road E, 
Suite 200, Oakville, Ontario L6H 1A7.  
2.
BASIS OF PREPARATION
Statement of Compliance
These consolidated financial statements 
of the Company and its subsidiaries have been
Accounting Standards Board 
22.
The Board of Directors approved these consolidated financial statements on March 27, 2023.
Going Concern
In the preparation of Financial Statements, management is required to identify events or conditions that could
these conditions or events, the Company considers whether its plans that are intended to mitigate those relevant
conditions or events will alleviate the potential significant doubt.
The Company is required to comply with certain covenants, terms and conditions under the amended credit
facilities including minimum cumulative monthly EBITDA commitments through March 31, 2023 and other
covenants subsequent to March 31, 2023 as outlined in Note 13. EBITDA is defined as net income (loss) before
finance expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization, unrealized gains or losses on foreign exchange
and derivative instruments and other approved addbacks. As a result, management has determined that it would
be prudent to disclose that there is a material uncertainty related to events or conditions that may cast significant
doubt on the entity's ability to continue as a going concern and, therefore, that it may be unable to realize its
assets and discharge its liabilities in the normal course of business.
Basis of Measurement
These Financial Statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for certain financial instruments
that are carried at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in comprehensive (loss) income, as described
in the accounting policies below.
Functional and Presentation Currency
the Company and its subsidiaries except for 
US subsidiaries: Spark Power LLC, Northwind 
Solutions Group (USA) Inc., One Wind Services (USA) Inc., Spark Power (Midwest USA) Corp., Spark Power 
(Northeast USA) Corp., Spark Power (West USA) Corp., Spark Power (Southeast USA) Corp., Spark Power 
(Southwest USA) Corp., and Spark Power Services (USA) Corp., whose functional 
32

SPARK POWER GROUP INC. 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 
Presented in thousands of Canadian dollars, except share and per share amounts 
 
2.
BASIS OF PREPARATION (Continued)
Basis of Consolidation
These Financial Statements include the accounts of Spark and its subsidiaries. The Financial Statements present
the results of the Company and its subsidiaries as if they formed a single entity. All inter-company transactions
and balances between the entities have been eliminated.
The Financial Statements incorporate the results of business combinations using the acquisition method. In the
Consolidated Statement of Financial Position
are initially recognized at their fair values as at the acquisition date. On November 30, 2022, the Company sold
all the shares of its 100% owned subsidiaries Bullfrog Power Inc., Canadian REC Wholesale Inc., and Less
Emissions Inc. 
During fiscal 2021, the Company sold all of the shares of its 100% owned
subsidiary Orbis SPA.
Subsequent to the year end, the Company merged Northwind Solutions Group (USA) Inc. and One Wind Services
(USA) Inc. to become Spark Power Renewables USA Inc., and Northwind Solutions Group Inc., One Wind
Services Inc., and Spark Power Solutions Ltd., to become Spark Power Renewables Canada Inc., respectively.
Further, New Electric Enterprises Inc. changed its legal name to Spark Power Low Voltage Services Inc.
Significant Accounting Judgments and Estimates 
The preparation of the Financial Statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make estimates 
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets 
and liabilities at the date of the Financial Statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the 
reporting period. Management is required to apply judgment and estimates in recognizing revenue, determination 
of appropriate provisions, including expected credit losses, useful lives of assets, valuation of equity transactions, 
valuation of business combinations, discount rate of lease liabilities, valuation of derivative financial instruments, 
Subsidiary
Ownership %
1625704 Alberta Inc.
100%
2552095 Ontario Inc.
100%
3-Phase Electrical Ltd.
100%
Lizco Sales & Rentals Inc.
100%
New Electric Enterprises Inc.
100%
Northwind Solutions Corp.
100%
Northwind Solutions Group Inc.
100%
Northwind Solutions Group (USA) Inc.
100%
One Wind Services Inc.
100%
One Wind Services (USA) Inc.
100%
Orbis Engineering Field Services Ltd.
100%
Sibro Technologies Ltd.
100%
Spark Power Corp.
100%
Spark Power Group Inc.
100%
Spark Power High Voltage Services Inc.
100%
Spark Power LLC
100%
Spark Power Services Corp.
100%
Spark Power Solutions Inc.
100%
Spark Power Solutions Ltd.
100%
Spark Solar Management Inc.
100%
Spark Solar Services Corp.
100%
Spark Power (USA) Corp.
100%
Spark Power (Midwest USA) Corp.
100%
Spark Power (Northeast USA) Corp.
100%
Spark Power (West USA) Corp.
100%
Spark Power (Southeast USA) Corp.
100%
Spark Power (Southwest USA) Corp.
100%
33

SPARK POWER GROUP INC. 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 
Presented in thousands of Canadian dollars, except share and per share amounts 
 
2.
BASIS OF PREPARATION (Continued)
impairment of property and equipment and intangible assets, and impairment of goodwill. By their nature, these
judgments and estimates are subject to measurement uncertainty and are reviewed periodically and adjustments,
if necessary, are made in the period in which they are identified. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Revenue recognition  The most significant judgments and estimates in recognizing revenue relate to the long-
term construction and management contracts, as they are long-term in nature and contain consideration that is
variable based on a number of uncertain factors, such as change orders, reserves set up for additional
costs/overruns, etc. Also, the Company estimates progress towards completion and gross margins to be earned
at the end of these construction contracts, where a change in these estimates may have a material impact on the
overall revenue recognized for the period.
Construction contracts - The Company determines the extent to which the estimate of variable consideration is
constrained (and therefore excluded from the measurement of revenue) by considering historical trends and the
lowest levels of annual incentive fees earned in the past.
Management contracts - Key assumptions made in determining the estimate of the transaction price related to
management contracts include:
Cash flow projections for the per-project and per-kilowatt hour capacity are uniform in each year going 
forward; and 
The number of licensees will not materially change over the remaining contract term. 
Expected credit losses  Expected credit losses associated with accounts receivable and contract assets require 
management to assess certain forward looking and macroeconomic factors to determine whether there is a 
significant increase in credit risk as well as the expected provision on the balance outstanding as at year-end. 
(Note 4) 
Onerous contracts  A contract is considered onerous when the unavoidable costs of meeting the obligations 
under the contract exceed the economic benefits expected to be derived from the contract. The determination of 
when to record a provision for an onerous contract is a complex process that involves management judgment 
about outcomes of future events and estimates concerning the nature, extent and timing of expected future cash 
flows and discount rates related to the contract. 
Useful lives of assets 
 Significant estimates in connection with these Financial Statements include the 
determination of the useful lives of property and equipment and intangible assets based on their expected 
depreciation rates. (Notes 9 and 10) 
Lease liability  The lease liabilities associated with all property, equipment and vehicle leases are measured at 
the present value of expected lease payments and discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease, unless 
remental borrowing rate on commencement of 
the lease is used. The Company determines its incremental borrowing rate as the rate of interest it would have to 
pay to borrow over a similar term, and with a similar security, the funds necessary to obtain an asset of a similar 
value to the right-of-use asset in a similar economic environment. Additionally, management makes certain 
assumptions regarding the extension and termination options and termination value available within its lease 
arrangements to determine the overall lease term. This requires significant estimates and assumptions from 
management that may have an impact on the Financial Statements. (Note 15) 
Valuation of derivative financial instruments  The estimated fair values of financial assets and liabilities are 
subject to measurement uncertainty due to their exposure to credit, liquidity and market risks. Furthermore, the 
Company may use derivative instruments, including power purchase arrangements, to manage commodity price, 
foreign currency and interest rate exposures. The fair value of these derivatives is determined using valuation 
models which require assumptions concerning the amount and timing of future cash flows, and discount rates.  
et data including quoted forward commodity prices 
and volatility, interest rate yield curves and foreign exchange rates. The resulting fair value estimates may not be 
indicative of the amounts realized or settled in current market transactions and, as such, are subject to 
measurement uncertainty. (Note 30) 
34

SPARK POWER GROUP INC. 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 
Presented in thousands of Canadian dollars, except share and per share amounts 
 
2.
BASIS OF PREPARATION (Continued)
Impairment of property and equipment and intangible assets  At the end of each reporting period, the Company
reviews the carrying amounts of property and equipment and intangibles to determine whether there is any
indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the
asset in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss, if any. The Company generally assesses impairment
at the level of cash-
 that generate
cash inflows that are largely independent of cash inflows from other assets. Impairment is assessed by comparing
the
management to make estimates and assumptions with respect to expected revenues and expenses, which are
subject to change.
Impairment of goodwill  The ann
estimates of future performance of the related CGU based on past history and economic trends, plus estimates
of the weighted average cost of capital. When circumstances warrant, impairment testing will be completed on a
quarterly basis. (Note 11)
For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill that is allocated to CGUs is compared to the net recoverable value
of the CGU. The recoverable amount of each CGU is determined based on value-in-use calculations using a
discounted cash flow model based on a reasonable forecast of operations for each CGU.
Various assumptions are used in forecasting the business the most significant of which include:
Discount rates  The discount rates reflect appropriate adjustments relating to market risk and risk 
factors specific to the business in general. 
Revenue growth rates  Revenue growth rates assumed consider historical trends in the business unit, 
the general economic environment and managements views on business risks and opportunities that 
may exist that will impact the relevant CGUs. 
Gross margin realizations  Gross margin realizations assumed for each CGU considers historical 
trends, recent trends impacted by current economic environment and business mix within the CGUs. 
Outside factors considered include the state of the general economy in the region and the impact of 
competitive forces on pricing and levels of in
The estimate of the recoverable amount for the CGUs is most sensitive to the assumptions noted above. Changes 
in any of these key inputs/assumptions could result in a significant change to the determination of goodwill 
impairment.   
Liquidity Risk  The Company makes estimates and assumptions concerning the future, including its projected 
compliance with debt covenants and potential for the disclosure of going concern indicators. Estimates and 
judgments are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including 
expectations on future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Significant judgements 
and estimates surrounding future revenue growth rate assumptions and EBITDA realizations for each of its 
business units have the greatest impact on the potential for introducing additional liquidity risk as a result of debt 
covenant compliance requirements. The resulting accounting estimates and judgements may vary from actual 
results and could result in a risk of causing a change in presentation and/or disclosure in the future. 
Discontinued operations  A discontinued operation is a component of the entity that has been disposed of or is 
classified as held for sale and that represents a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations, 
is part of a single coordinated plan to dispose of such a line of business or area of operations, or is a subsidiary 
acquired exclusively with a view to resale. Judgement is required in determining the timing of classification to 
discontinued operations, and resulting assets held for sale. 
35

SPARK POWER GROUP INC. 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 
Presented in thousands of Canadian dollars, except share and per share amounts 
 
3.
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Revenue Recognition
The Company derives revenue from the provision of services and sale of equipment, as segregated in primarily
four revenue streams:
Service contracts for the inspection, testing, repair and maintenance of electrical generating equipment. 
Contracts are typically short-term in nature (i.e. less than 3 weeks). Payment is due upon completion of the 
contract. 
Construction contracts for the development, construction and procurement of electrical generating equipment. 
Contracts may last for several months to more than one year. Payment is due in milestones as the contract is 
completed. 
Contracts for the management of client electrical generating equipment, including the procurement of 
maintenance services, recordkeeping and day-to-day operations. Contracts are long term in nature and are 
typically for the period of time equal to the energy contract held by the client. Payment is due based on a fixed 
amount annually per-site monitored plus, an incentive fee as performance metrics are achieved on an annual 
basis. 
Equipment sales contracts for the fabrication of custom electrical equipment used in low, medium and high 
voltage applications. Contracts may last from several days to several months depending on material lead 
times. Advance payment is due on larger contracts based on completed milestones, and on smaller contracts 
when the product is shipped. 
The Company offers limited time warranties on the quality of its work being free from material defects. In 
accordance with IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, such warranties are not accounted for as 
separate performance obligations and hence no revenue is allocated to them. Instead, a provision is made for the 
cost of satisfying the
-
 warranties in accordance with IAS 37, Provisions, Contingent Liabilities 
and Contingent Assets.
36

SPARK POWER GROUP INC. 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 
Presented in thousands of Canadian dollars, except share and per share amounts 
 
3.
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)
Applying the five-step model required by IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, revenue is recognized as follows for these contracts:
Step in Model 
Service 
Construction 
Management 
Equipment Sales 
Identify the 
contract 
The contractual arrangement executed 
with the client, specifying the timing, 
scope and compensation. 
The contractual arrangement executed 
with the client, specifying the timing, 
scope and compensation. 
The contractual arrangement executed 
with the client, specifying the timing, 
scope and compensation. 
The contractual arrangement 
executed with the client, 
specifying the timing, scope and 
compensation. 
Identify distinct 
performance 
obligations 
Single performance obligation to 
provide services with combined inputs 
from applicable labour and materials. 
Single performance obligation to 
provide construction services with 
combined inputs from applicable labour 
and materials. 
Single performance obligation to 
provide management services for 
customer-owned photovoltaic systems. 
Contract may include multiple 
performance obligations. 
Estimate 
transaction price 
Fixed fee established in contract. 
Change orders due to changes in 
scope or unexpected costs are 
accounted for as contract modifications 
prospectively.  
Fixed fee established in contract. 
Change orders due to changes in 
scope or unexpected costs are 
accounted for as contract modifications 
prospectively. 
Consideration receivable by the 
Company is variable and is based on a 
set fee per site that is managed, plus a 
management incentive fee based on a 
percentage of cash flows above certain 
thresholds. As the consideration is 
variable, an estimate is made based on 
the cash flow forecasts, which 
incorporate estimates of sites over the 
contract term, the amount of electricity 
to be produced and the overall 
economic performance of the sites. The 
estimation is subject to a constraint 
where only the amount up to which it is 
highly unlikely that a material reversal 
of revenue will occur in the future is 
included in the transaction price. This 
estimate is revised at each reporting 
period, with the cumulative effect of the 
change in estimate being recorded in 
revenue.  
Contract price is the transaction 
price. 
37

SPARK POWER GROUP INC. 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 
Presented in thousands of Canadian dollars, except share and per share amounts 
 
 
3. 
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued) 
 
Step in 
Model
Service 
Construction 
Management 
Equipment Sales 
Allocate 
transaction 
price to 
performance 
obligations 
Total revenue is allocated to 
the single performance 
obligation. 
Total revenue is allocated to 
the single performance 
obligation. 
Total revenue is allocated to 
the single performance 
obligation. 
The transaction price is clearly identified in the contract and is 
allocated to each performance obligation linked to customer 
commitments for each obligation under goods arrangement. 
Recognize 
revenue as 
performance 
obligations 
are satisfied 
Revenue is recognized over 
time, as the work performed 
enhances assets controlled by 
the customer (e.g. electrical 
premises). Progress towards 
completion is based on costs 
incurred as a percentage of 
total expected costs to 
complete the project.  
 
Consideration received in 
advance of the progress made 
to satisfy the performance 
obligation is recognized as a 
contract liability. Further, 
progress made towards the 
satisfaction of performance 
obligation at a period end in 
advance of milestone achieved 
for billing purposes is 
recognized as a contract asset. 
Revenue is recognized over 
time, as the work performed 
enhances assets controlled by 
the customer (e.g. electrical 
premises). Progress towards 
completion is based on costs 
incurred as a percentage of 
total expected costs to 
complete the project.  
 
Consideration received in 
advance of the progress made 
to satisfy the performance 
obligation is recognized as a 
contract liability. Further, 
progress made towards the 
satisfaction of performance 
obligation at a period end in 
advance of milestone achieved 
for billing purposes is 
recognized as a contract asset. 
 
Revenue is recognized over 
time based on an estimate of 
total sites monitored as a 
percentage of total site 
measurements required over 
the term of the contract, as the 
number of sites under 
management is used as the 
base for estimating the 
progress in satisfying the 
overall performance obligation. 
 
Contract asset is recognized 
when there are discrepancies 
between the timing of payment 
and recognition of revenue, as 
the Company is only 
contractually eligible to receive 
payment for its services upon 
meeting certain financial 
metrics in the project.   
Revenue is recognized at a point in time once control passes to 
the customer (i.e. when products are delivered). 
Contract liabilities relate to pre-payments received for on-going projects for which the related performance obligation is expected to be completed in the next 12 months. 
Contract assets related to work in progress and unbilled accounts receivable for which the related performance obligation has been completed, and amounts remain to be 
billed as at the end of the reporting period.  
38

SPARK POWER GROUP INC. 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 
Presented in thousands of Canadian dollars, except share and per share amounts 
 
 
3. 
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued) 
Goodwill 
Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of a business combination over the total acquisition date fair value of 
the identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities acquired. Cost comprises the fair value of assets given, 
liabilities assumed, and equity instruments issued, plus the amount of any non-controlling interests in the acquiree 
plus, if the business combination is achieved in stages, the fair value of the existing equity interest in the acquiree.  
Contingent consideration is included in cost at its acquisition date fair value and, in the case of contingent 
consideration classified as a financial liability, remeasured subsequently through profit or loss. Direct costs of 
acquisitions are recognized immediately as an expense. Goodwill is capitalized as an asset with any impairment 
in carrying value being charged to the Consolidated Statement of Income (Loss) and Comprehensive Income 
(Loss). Where the fair value of identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities exceed the fair value of 
consideration paid, the excess representing the bargain purchase is credited in full to the Consolidated Statement 
of Income (Loss) and Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the acquisition. The Company has had no bargain 
purchase on its acquisitions. 
Intangible Assets 
The Company has certain externally acquired intangible assets through business combinations that are initially 
recognized at their fair values, using appropriate valuation techniques, and subsequently amortized on a straight-
line basis over their useful economic lives when they have a finite useful life. 
Intangible assets are recognized on business combinations if they are separable from the acquired entity or give 
rise to other contractual/legal rights.   
Management estimates the useful life of its finite life intangible assets as follows: 
 
Customer contracts 
- 
1.5 years  
Customer relationships 
- 
10 years 
Non-competition agreements 
- 
5 years 
ERP system 
Tradename 
- 
- 
10 years 
3 years 
 
Intangible assets determined to have an indefinite useful life are recorded at cost and not subject to amortization. 
The Company does not have significant indefinite life intangible assets.  
Property and Equipment 
Property and equipment are recorded at cost net of accumulated depreciation and write-downs for impairment, if 
any. Depreciation is calculated on a declining balance, except for the depreciation of our leased assets which are 
calculated on a declining basis over their estimated useful lives, as follows: 
 
Computer hardware 
- 
30% - 100% 
Computer software 
- 
55% 
Equipment 
- 
20% - 30% 
Furniture and fixtures 
- 
20% 
Right of use assets and leaseholds 
- 
over the lease term 
Vehicles 
- 
20% - 30%  
Impairment of Non-Financial Assets 
Impairment tests on goodwill and indefinite life intangible assets are undertaken annually at the financial year end, 
or when events/circumstances warrant a test to be conducted. Other non-financial assets are subject to the 
impairment tests whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amount may not be 
recoverable. Where the carrying value of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount (i.e. the higher of value in use 
and fair value less costs to sell), the asset is written down accordingly. 
Recent events have given rise to significant judgement and estimation uncertainty, such as project delays and 
government restrictions. As such, impairment tests on goodwill are being performed on a quarterly basis. See 
Note 2  Impairment of Goodwill. 
 
39

SPARK POWER GROUP INC. 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 
Presented in thousands of Canadian dollars, except share and per share amounts 
 
3.
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)
Where it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the impairment test is carried
out on the smallest group of assets to which it belongs for which there are separately identifiable cash flows; its
CGU
xpected to benefit
from a business combination that gives rise to the goodwill.
Impairment charges are included in profit or loss, except to the extent they reverse gains previously recognized
in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss). The Company evaluates impairment losses for potential reversals on
assets other than goodwill when management has made the judgement that events or circumstances warrant
such consideration. An impairment loss recognized for goodwill is not reversed.
Foreign Currency
tional currency using the 
closing rate at the end of each reporting period. Non-monetary assets and liabilities are translated at the rates on 
the date the fair value was determined or at historical cost using the rate at the date of the transaction. Revenues 
and expenses arising from foreign currency denominated transactions are translated at the average exchange 
rates in effect during the month of the transaction. Translation gains and losses are included in the Consolidated 
Statement of Income (Loss) and Comprehensive Income (Loss). 
Financial Instruments 
Financial Assets 
All financial assets are initially recorded at fair value and designated upon inception into one of the following three 
categories: amortized cost, fair value through profit or loss, or fair value through other comprehensive (loss) 
income. Contingent consideration for the earn-out related to the disposal of discontinued operations are classified 
as amortized cost. (Note 29) 
Amortized cost 
These assets arise principally from the provision of goods and services to customers, but also incorporate other 
types of financial assets where the objective is to hold these assets in order to collect contractual cash flows and 
the contractual cash flows are solely the payments of principal and interest. They are initially recognized at fair 
value plus transaction costs that are directly attributable to their acquisition or issue and are subsequently carried 
at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method, less provision for impairment. 
Impairment provisions for accounts receivables and contract assets are recognized based on the simplified 
approach within IFRS 9, Financial Instruments, using the lifetime expected credit losses. During the process of 
reviewing accounts receivable and contract assets for impairment, the probability of the non-payment of the 
accounts receivable or contract asset is assessed. This probability is then multiplied by the amount of the expected 
loss arising from default to determine the lifetime expected credit loss for accounts receivables and contract 
assets. For accounts receivable and contract assets, which are reported net, such provisions are recorded in a 
separate provision account with the loss being recognized within operating expenses in the Consolidated 
Statement of Income (Loss) and Comprehensive Income (Loss). On confirmation that a certain accounts 
receivables and contract assets will not be collectable, the gross carrying value of the asset is written off against 
the associated provision. 
of accounts receivable, other receivable, 
HST receivable, government grants receivable, and contract assets. 
Fair value through profit or loss 
These assets are carried in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position at their fair value with changes in 
fair value recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Income (Loss) and Comprehensive Income (Loss). 
Transaction costs associated with financial instruments measured at fair value through profit or loss are expensed 
as incurred.  
40

SPARK POWER GROUP INC. 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 
Presented in thousands of Canadian dollars, except share and per share amounts 
 
3.
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)
classified at fair value through profit or loss include derivative financial 
instruments such as interest rate swaps, power purchase arrangements and hedge arrangements.  
The Company entered into a power purchase agreement 
for the purchase and 
sale of renewable energy and environmental attributes. The Company also entered into a Hedge arrangement 
. Under these 
agreements, the Company is responsible for any excess risk in the current market. While this agreement 
economically hedges the risk of changes in cash flows due to fluctuations in power rates, hedge accounting has 
not been applied for these instruments. The fair value of the Hedge is based on the current market value of similar 
contracts with similar remaining durations as if the contract had been entered into on the reporting date. See Note 
30 for further details.   
Financial Liabilities 
The Company classifies its financial liabilities into one of two categories, depending on the purpose for which the 
liability was acquired. 
Fair value through profit or loss 
This category comprises of derivative liabilities related to the Power Purchase Agreement. See Note 30 for further 
details.   
Other financial liabilities 
Other financial liabilities include bank indebtedness, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, contract liabilities, 
long-term debt, promissory notes, and lease liabilities, which are initially recognized at fair value net of any 
transaction costs directly attributable to the issue of the instrument. Such interest-bearing liabilities are 
subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method, which ensures that any interest 
expense over the period to repayment is at a constant rate on the balance of the liability carried in the Consolidated 
Statement of Financial Position. 
Share-Based Payment Transactions 
Employees, directors, and service providers of the Company may receive a portion of their compensation in the 
form of share-based payment transactions, whereby services are rendered as consideration for equity instruments 
-
In situations where equity instruments are issued to non-employees and the fair value of goods or services 
received by the entity as consideration cannot be estimated reliably, they are measured at fair value of the equity 
instruments granted. The costs of equity settled transactions are measured by reference to the fair value of the 
equity instrument at the date on which they are granted. 
The costs of equity settled transactions are recognized, together with a corresponding increase in equity, over the 
period in which the performance and/or service conditions are fulfilled, ending on the date on which the relevant 
party becomes ful
-
number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. The profit or loss charge or credit for a period represents 
the movement in cumulative expense recognized as at the beginning and end of that period and the corresponding 
amount is represented in contributed surplus. 
No expense is recognized for awards that do not ultimately vest, except for awards where vesting is conditional 
upon a market condition, which are treated as vesting irrespective of whether or not the market condition is 
satisfied provided that all other performance and/or service conditions are satisfied.  
Where the terms of an equity settled award are modified, the minimum expense recognized is the expense as if 
the terms had not been modified. An additional expense is recognized for any modification which increases the 
total fair value of the share-based payment arrangement or is otherwise beneficial to the employee as measured 
at the date of modification.  
The dilutive effect of outstanding options and warrants is reflected as additional dilution in the computation of 
earnings per share. (Note 17) 
41

SPARK POWER GROUP INC. 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 
Presented in thousands of Canadian dollars, except share and per share amounts 
 
3.
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)
Leases
All leases are accounted for by recognizing a right-of-use asset in property and equipment and a lease liability
except for leases of low value assets and leases with a duration of 12 months or less.
Lease liabilities are measured at the present value of the contractual payments due to the lessor over the lease
term, with the discount rate determined by reference to the rate inherent in the lease unless this is not readily
of the lease is used.
The Company determines its incremental borrowing rate as the rate of interest it would have to pay to borrow over
a similar term, and with similar security, the funds necessary to obtain an asset of a similar value to the right-of-
use asset in a similar economic environment. Variable lease payments are only included in the measurement of
the lease liability if they depend on an index or rate. In such cases, the initial measurement of the lease liability
assumes the variable element will remain unchanged throughout the lease term. Other variable lease payments
are expensed in the period to which they relate. Further, lease terms are based on assumptions regarding
extension terms that allow for operational flexibility and favorable future market conditions.
On initial recognition, the carrying value of the lease liability also includes:
amounts expected to be payable under any residual value guarantee; 
the exercise price of any purchase option granted in favour of the Company if it is reasonably certain to 
exercise that option; 
any penalties payable for terminating the leases, if the term of the lease has been estimated on the basis 
of the termination option being exercised. 
Right-of-use assets are initially measured at the amount of the lease liability, reduced for any lease incentives 
received, and increased for: 
lease payments made at or before commencement of the lease; 
initial direct costs incurred; and 
the amount of any provision recognized where the Company is contractually required to dismantle, 
remove or restore the leased asset. 
Subsequent to initial measurement, lease liabilities increase as a result of interest at a constant rate on the 
balance outstanding and are reduced for lease payments made. Right-of-use assets are amortized on a straight-
line basis over the remaining term of the lease or over the remaining economic life of the asset, whichever is 
shorter. 
When the Company revises its estimate of the term of any lease, it adjusts the carrying amount of the lease liability 
to reflect the payments to make over the revised term, which are discounted at the same discount rate that was 
applied on lease commencement. The carrying value of lease liabilities is similarly revised when the variable 
element of future lease payments dependent on a rate or index is revised. In both cases, an equivalent adjustment 
is made to the carrying value of the right-of-use assets, with the revised carrying amount being amortized over 
the remaining lease term.  
For contracts that both convey a right to the Company to use an identified asset and require services to be 
provided to the Company by the lessor, the Company has elected to account for the entire contract as a lease. 
That is, the Company does not allocate any amount of the contractual payment to, and account separately for, 
any services provided by the supplier as part of the lease contract. 
Income Taxes 
Income tax expense represents the sum of current income taxes and deferred income taxes. Current and deferred 
taxes are recognized in profit and loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognized in other 
comprehensive income (loss) or directly in equity. Under these circumstances, the taxes are recognized in other 
comprehensive income (loss) or directly in equity. 
42

SPARK POWER GROUP INC. 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 
Presented in thousands of Canadian dollars, except share and per share amounts 
 
 
3. 
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued) 
 
Current income taxes   
Current income tax assets and liabilities for the current and prior years are measured at the amount expected to 
be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute current income 
tax assets and liabilities are measured at tax rates which have been enacted or substantively enacted at the 
reporting date. Current tax assets and current tax liabilities are only offset if a legally enforceable right exists to 
set off the amounts, and the Company intends to settle on a net basis, or to realize the asset and settle the liability 
simultaneously. 
Deferred income taxes  
Deferred income taxes are provided using the asset and liability method applied to temporary differences at the 
date of the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their 
carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes. 
Deferred income tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable temporary differences, except: 
 
Where the deferred income tax liability arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or of an asset or 
liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects 
neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss; and 
 
In respect of taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates and 
interests in joint ventures, where the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences can be controlled 
and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future. 
Deferred income tax assets are recognized for all deductible temporary differences, and carry forward of unused 
tax losses, to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible 
temporary differences and the carry forward of unused tax losses can be utilized except: 
 
Where the deferred income tax asset relating to the deductible temporary difference arises from the initial 
recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of 
the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss; and 
 
In respect of deductible temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates 
and interests in joint ventures, deferred income tax assets are recognized only to the extent that it is 
probable that the temporary differences will reverse in the foreseeable future and taxable profit will be 
available against which the temporary differences can be utilized. 
The carrying amount of deferred income tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent 
that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred income 
tax asset to be utilized. Unrecognized deferred income tax assets are reassessed at each reporting date and are 
recognized to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profit will allow the deferred tax asset to 
be recovered. 
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the year 
when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or 
substantively enacted at the date of the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. 
Deferred income tax assets and deferred income tax liabilities are offset if, a legally enforceable right exists to set 
off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes 
levied by the same taxation authority on either the same taxable entity or different taxable entities which intend to 
either settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis, or to realize the assets and settle the liabilities 
simultaneously, in each future period in which significant amounts of deferred tax assets or liabilities are expected 
to be settled or recovered. 
 
 
43

SPARK POWER GROUP INC. 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 
Presented in thousands of Canadian dollars, except share and per share amounts 
 
3.
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)
Inventories
Inventories are initially recognized at cost (with the exception of inventories acquired as part of a business
combination which are initially recognized at fair market value), and subsequently at the lower of cost and net
realizable value. Cost is determined using the weighted average cost method. Costs of inventories of items that
are segregated for specific projects are assigned by using specific identification of their individual costs. Inventory
includes all costs to purchase, convert, and bring the inventory to its present location and condition. Net realizable
value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs of completion and
the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.
Provisions
A provision is recognized when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of a past
event, it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation, and the amount
of the obligation can be reliably estimated. If the effect is material, provisions are determined by discounting the
expected future cash flows at a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money
and, where appropriate, the risks specific to the liability.
A provision for onerous contracts is recognized when the expected benefits to be derived by the Company from
a contract are lower than the unavoidable cost of meeting its obligations under the contract.
Related Party Transactions
Parties are considered to be related if one party has the ability, directly or indirectly, to control the other party or
exercise significant influence over the other party in making financial and operating decisions. Parties are also
considered to be related if they are subject to common control or common significant influence. Related parties
may be individuals or corporate entities. A transaction is considered to be a related party transaction when there
is a transfer of resources or obligations between related parties.
New and Amended International Financial Reporting Standards Adopted in 2022
acquisition. IFRIC takes different fact patterns into consideration and discusses the underlying accounting 
treatment under IFRS 2, Share-based payment and IAS 32, Financial instruments: presentation. This is not an 
warrants originally issued in 2018 as part of the reverse takeover transaction between Canaccord Genuity 
Acquisition Corp IV (SPAC) and Spark Power Corp, and concluded that the adoption of the standards will not 
have an material impact on the Financial Statements.  
New and Amended International Financial Reporting Standards to be Adopted in 2023 or Later 
The following new standards and amendments to existing standards were issued by the IASB and are expected 
to be adopted by the Company in 2023 or later. 
Amendments to IAS 1, Presentation of Financial Statements, 
requiring entities to disclose material, instead of significant, accounting policy information, and 
. (January 1, 2023).  
Amendments to IAS 12, Income Taxes  Deferred Tax related to Assets and Liabilities arising from a Single 
Transaction, narrowing the scope for exemption when recognizing deferred taxes. (January 1, 2023).  
Amendments to IAS 1, Presentation of Financial Statements, clarifying the classification requirements in the 
standard for liabilities as current or non-current. (January 1, 2024). 
Amendments to IFRS 16, Leases 
 Lease Liability in a Sale and Leaseback, clarifying subsequent 
measurement requirements for sale and leaseback transactions for sellers-lessees. (January 1, 2024).  
Amendments to IAS 1, Presentation of Financial Statements 
 Non-current Liabilities with Covenants, 
modifying the 2020 amendments to IAS 1 to further clarify the classification, presentation, and disclosure 
requirements in the standard for non-current liabilities with covenants. (January 1, 2024).  
We do not expect the adoption of these amendments, if any, will have 
Financial Statements.  
44

SPARK POWER GROUP INC. 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 
Presented in thousands of Canadian dollars, except share and per share amounts 
 
4.
ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, CONTRACT ASSET AND REVENUE
Summary of aging: 
The provision for expected credit losses was determined based on historical loss rates and payment behavior 
from customers by major aging category, updated for estimates of forward-looking factors that may differ from 
past experiences such as credit quality and industry factors. These updated loss rates were applied to aging 
categories to determine the expected credit losses on accounts receivable and contract assets using the simplified 
approach. 
The Company determines there to be an increase in credit risk when balances are outstanding for more than 60 
days past the customers' contractual payment terms. Management determines whether there is any objective 
evidence of impairment based on indications that a debtor or a group of debtors are experiencing significant 
financial difficulty, delinquency in payments, probability that they will enter bankruptcy or any other financial 
reorganization.   
The balance of contract asset as at December 31, 2022 is current and has no provision recorded. 
2022
2021
Trade
70,570
$ 
  
65,661
$  
  
Less: Provision for doubtful accounts
(2,575)
  
(2,151)
  
67,995
$ 
  
63,510
$  
  
2022
2021
Contract asset
25,826
$ 
  
28,809
$  
  
Additions during the period
59,875
  
43,833
  
Amount recognized during the period
(58,896)
  
(46,816)
  
26,805
$ 
  
25,826
$  
  
2022
2021
Contract liability
7,182
$ 
  
3,723
$  
  
Additions during the period
130,228
  
129,419
  
Amount recognized during the period
(130,223)
  
(125,960)
  
7,187
$ 
  
7,182
$  
  
As at December 31, 2022
31-90 days
Current
Past Due
>90 days
Total
Balance
52,492
   
6,482
  
11,596
  
70,570
   
Provision for doubtful accounts
62
   
121
  
2,392
  
2,575
  
52,430
   
6,361
  
9,204
  
67,995
   
As at December 31, 2021
31-90 days
Current
Past Due
>90 days
Total
Balance
49,735
   
12,527
   
3,399
  
65,661
   
Provision for doubtful accounts
238
  
855
  
1,058
  
2,151
  
49,497
   
11,672
   
2,341
  
63,510
   
45

SPARK POWER GROUP INC. 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 
Presented in thousands of Canadian dollars, except share and per share amounts 
 
4.
ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, CONTRACT ASSET AND REVENUE (Continued)
Summary of movements in provision:
Revenue Disaggregation by Stream: 
The Technical Services, Renewables and Corporate columns represent the segments that can be found in Note 
20. The Company generates higher revenues in the second and third quarters as weather can impact available
outdoor work in the first and fourth quarters.
The Sustainability segment was sold on November 30, 2022 as disclosed further in Note 29. 
5.
Other Receivables
(i) Since the second quarter of 2022, the Company incurred costs relating to the interior buildout of its new head
office in Oakville, Ontario. The costs incurred to date are reimbursable by the landlord and therefore have
been recorded as a receivable at December 31, 2022.
2022
2021
Opening balance
(2,151)
$ 
  
(1,719)
$ 
  
Increase during the period
(1,769)
  
(630)
   
Write-off during the period
1,345
   
198
  
Ending balance
(2,575)
$ 
  
(2,151)
  
2022
Technical
Services
Renewables
Corporate
Total
Service
177,378
$ 
  
89,333
$ 
  
-
$ 
 
266,711
$
  
Management
-  
-  
1,291
   
1,291
   
Equipment
4,275
   
-  
-  
4,275
   
Total
181,653
$ 
  
89,333
$ 
  
1,291
$ 
  
272,277
$ 
  
2021
Technical
Services
Renewables
Corporate
Total
Service
157,922
$ 
  
79,055
$ 
  
-
$ 
 
236,977
$
  
Management
-  
-  
1,788
   
1,788
   
Equipment
5,859
   
-  
-  
5,859
   
Total
163,781
$ 
  
79,055
$ 
  
1,788
$ 
  
244,624
$ 
  
Notes
December 31
2022
December 31
2021
Leasehold improvement receivables (i)
2,285
$ 
  
-  
Disposal of discontinued operations
29
2,263
  
-  
Other 
268
  
-  
4,816
$ 
  
-
$  
 
46

SPARK POWER GROUP INC. 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 
Presented in thousands of Canadian dollars, except share and per share amounts 
 
6.
COVID-19 PANDEMIC & GOVERNMENT GRANTS
The COVID-19 pandemic and its variants continued to disrupt global health and impact economic conditions. The
Company maintained its business continuity plans to ensure appropriate measures, procedures and protocols
were in place to safeguard service to our customers while prioritizing employee, customer and vendor safety.
While governments have eased some COVID-
continued to be impacted by COVID-
le changes or due to a
broader government directive which resulted in the need to modify work practices to meet appropriate health and
safety standards, or by other COVID-19 related impacts on the availability of labour or to the supply chain. The
extent to which COVID-
performance will depend on further developments, including the resurgence and spread of any new variants, its
s and employees and actions taken by governments. 
The ongoing conflict in Ukraine has also resulted in significant uncertainty in the global economy, such as higher 
volatile commodity prices, currency exchange rates and interest rates, and increasing rates of inflation.  
The Company continues to monitor ongoing developments and attempts to mitigate the business and financial 
risks related to the events described above, including but not limited to, decline in customer demand, increase in 
operating costs, interruption of project work, credit risk associated with customer non-payment, access to 
financing and changes in the timing of cash flows.   
Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy 
to help employers keep and/or return Canadian-based employees to payrolls in response to challenges posed by 
the COVID-19 pandemic.  
During 2021, management determined that it met the employer eligibility criteria and applied for CEWS. The 
Company recognized $2,539 in government grants under the payroll support program which has been recorded 
against the segmented cost of sales and selling, general and administrative expenses to which they are related. 
There were no CEWS received in 2022.  
Skills Development Funding 
During the second quarter of 2021 the Company received approval for a $5,300 grant from the Government of 
Ontario Skills Development Fund to support employee training and advancement initiatives within the Company. 
With this funding the Company implemented a one-year program between April 2021 and March 2022 whereby 
the funds were utilized through this period on programs and initiatives previously approved by the Government of 
Ontario. The Company would be required to return any funds not utilized in accordance with the program criteria 
and timelines. At the end of 2022, the Company had received funding towards this grant of $4,846 which has fully 
been utilized to fund expenditures approved under the program and $3 has been earned in interest on the funds 
received. The Company has received all funding related to this grant as at December 31, 2022.  
During the second quarter of 2022 the Company received approval for a $3,440 grant from the Government of 
Ontario Skills Development Fund to support employee training and advancement initiatives within the Company. 
With this funding the Company implemented a one-year program between April 2022 and March 2023 whereby 
the funds need to be utilized through this period on programs and initiatives previously approved by the 
Government of Ontario. At the end of the year the Company had received funding towards this grant of $1,866 of 
which $1,463 has been utilized to fund expenditures approved under the program. The balance of $403 has been 
included in bank indebtedness. 
47

SPARK POWER GROUP INC. 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 
Presented in thousands of Canadian dollars, except share and per share amounts 
 
7.
INVENTORY
During the year, $52,309 (2021 - $54,446) of inventory was recognized in cost of sales. There were no material 
amounts of inventory that were written down to their net realizable value in the current or prior year. 
8.
LEASE RECEIVABLE
On June 1, 2022, the Company relocated its US Head Office in Dallas, Texas and entered into a 3-year sublease
agreement for their previous premises, resulting in a lease receivable. The leased property bears an interest at
an approximate rate of 6% expiring in 2024.
9.
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT AND RIGHT-OF-USE ASSETS
 As at December 31, 2022, property and equipment and right-of-use assets was $48,424 (December 31, 2021 -
$33,272). This balance consists of both purchased assets and assets obtained through lease agreements.
Purchased assets consist of the following:
December 31
2022
December 31
2021
Equipment and supplies
8,365
$ 
  
8,167
$ 
   
8,365
$ 
  
8,167
$ 
   
 Computer 
Hardware 
 Computer 
Software 
 Furniture 
and Fixtures 
 Leaseholds 
 Equipment 
 Vehicles 
 Total 
Cost
Balance at December 31, 2020
1,884
   
5,541
   
1,800
   
3,734
   
9,407
   
1,842
   
24,208
  
Additions
454
   
463
   
152
   
2,480
   
1,386
   
663
   
5,598
   
Disposals
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
Balance at December 31, 2021
2,338
   
6,004
   
1,952
   
6,214
   
10,793
  
2,505
   
29,806
  
Additions
540
   
897
   
50
  
1,622
   
1,346
   
93
  
4,548
   
Disposals
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
Disposal of discontinued operations
(473)
  
(70)
 
(208)
  
(302)
  
(144)
  
- 
(1,197)
  
Balance at December 31, 2022
2,405
   
6,831
   
1,794
   
7,534
   
11,995
  
2,598
   
33,157
  
Accumulated depreciation
Balance at December 31, 2020
932
   
3,402
   
1,206
   
1,153
   
4,334
   
575
   
11,602
  
Additions
354
   
1,059
   
131
   
552
   
1,609
   
568
   
4,273
   
Disposals
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
Balance at December 31, 2021
1,286
   
4,461
   
1,337
   
1,705
   
5,943
   
1,143
   
15,875
  
Additions
424
   
649
   
41
  
995
   
1,391
   
283
   
3,783
   
Disposals
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
Disposal of discontinued operations
(461)
  
(69)
 
(205)
  
(274)
  
(144)
  
- 
(1,153)
  
Balance at December 31, 2022
1,249
   
5,041
   
1,173
   
2,426
   
7,190
   
1,426
   
18,505
  
Net carrying amounts
December 31, 2021
1,052
   
1,543
   
615
   
4,509
   
4,850
   
1,362
   
13,931
  
December 31, 2022
1,156
   
1,790
   
621
   
5,108
   
4,805
   
1,172
   
14,652
  
48

SPARK POWER GROUP INC. 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 
Presented in thousands of Canadian dollars, except share and per share amounts 
 
9.
PROERTY AND EQUIPMENT, AND RIGHT-OF-USE ASSETS (Continued)
Right-of-use assets consist of the following: 
10.
INTANGIBLE ASSETS
and has capitalized certain internal and third-party costs related to the development, testing and implementation 
of the ERP System. The new ERP System implementation is expected to be completed in 2023 and will be 
amortized over 10 years. During 2022, immaterial amortization was recorded as it relates to US operations. 
 Leased 
Property 
 Leased 
Equipment 
 Leased 
Vehicles 
 Total 
Cost
Balance at December 31, 2020
18,981
  
1,232
 
15,657
  
35,870
 
Additions
4,549
  
54
  
6,789
  
11,392
  
Disposals
(668)
 
- 
(895)
 
(1,563)
 
Balance at December 31, 2021
22,862
  
1,286
  
21,551
  
45,699
  
Additions
11,281
  
- 
12,942
 
24,223
  
Disposals
(1,141)
  
- 
(1,720)
 
(2,861)
  
Disposal of discontinued operations
(445)
 
(6)
 
- 
(451)
  
Balance at December 31, 2022
32,557
  
1,280
  
32,773
  
66,610
  
Accumulated depreciation
Balance at December 31, 2020
9,173
  
1,036
 
10,014
  
20,223
 
Additions
3,645
  
165
  
3,723
  
7,533
  
Disposals
(570)
 
- 
(828)
 
(1,398)
 
Balance at December 31, 2021
12,248
  
1,201
 
12,909
  
26,358
 
Additions
3,697
  
40
  
4,869
  
8,606
  
Disposals
(626)
 
- 
(1,274)
  
(1,900)
  
Disposal of discontinued operations 
(223)
 
(3)
 
-  
(226)
  
Balance at Dec 31, 2022
15,096
  
1,238
  
16,504
  
32,838
  
Net carrying amounts
December 31, 2021
10,614
  
85
  
8,642
  
19,341
  
December 31, 2022
17,461
  
42
  
16,269
  
33,772
  
 Customer 
contracts 
 Customer 
relationships 
 Non-
competition 
agreement  
 Tradename 
 ERP System 
 Total 
Cost:
Balance at December 31, 2020
1,846
$  
  
37,448
$  
  
213
$  
  
14,193
$  
  
-
$  
 
53,700
$ 
  
Removal of fully amortized asset
(1,846)
  
-  
(213)
  
-  
-  
(2,059)
  
Balance at December 31, 2021
-
$  
 
37,448
$
  
-
$  
 
14,193
$
  
-
$  
 
51,641
$ 
  
Additions
-  
-  
-  
-  
4,080
  
4,080
  
Disposal of discontinued operations 
-  
(5,028)
  
-  
(2,897)
  
-  
(7,925)
  
Balance at December 31, 2022
-
$  
 
32,420
$
  
-
$  
 
11,296
$
  
4,080
$  
  
47,796
$  
  
Accumulated Amortization:
Balance at December 31, 2020
1,744
$  
  
11,261
$  
  
199
$  
  
3,765
$  
  
-
$  
 
16,969
$ 
  
Amortization for the period
102
  
3,725
  
14
  
3,774
  
- 
7,615
  
Removal of fully amortized asset
(1,846)
  
-  
(213)
  
-  
-  
(2,059)
  
Balance at December 31, 2021
-
$  
 
14,986
$
  
-
$  
 
7,539
$
  
-
$  
 
22,525
$ 
  
Amortization for the period
-  
3,616
  
-  
3,752
  
29
  
7,397
  
Disposal of discontinued operations 
-  
(2,090)
  
-  
-  
-  
(2,090)
  
Balance at December 31, 2022
-
$  
 
16,512
$
  
-
$  
 
11,291
$
  
29
$  
  
27,832
$  
  
Net carrying amounts:
December 31, 2021
-
$  
 
22,462
$
  
-
$  
 
6,654
$
  
-
$  
 
29,116
$ 
  
December 31, 2022
-
$  
 
15,908
$
  
-
$  
 
5
$
  
4,051
$  
  
19,964
$ 
  
49

SPARK POWER GROUP INC. 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 
Presented in thousands of Canadian dollars, except share and per share amounts 
 
11.
GOODWILL
During the year, the Company disposed of the goodwill related to Bullfrog Power Inc. See Note 29 for detailed 
discussion. 
The Company is required to test, on an annual basis, whether goodwill has suffered any impairment. The 
recoverable amount is determined based on value in use calculations. The use of this method requires the 
estimation of future cash flows and the determination of a discount rate in order to calculate present value of the 
cash flows.   
Based on the events in the current economic environment, management has performed a calculation at the end 
of each quarter to determine whether goodwill has suffered any impairment. 
taking into account factors such as market interest rate volatilities, inflationary pricing impact, labour shortages, 
and the possible impact of COVID-19 due to new variants, management determined that the 3-Phase Electrical 
Ltd. CGU required an impairment adjustment of $1,500 (2021 - $4,000). Management will continue to monitor the 
impact of COVID-19 on a quarterly basis. 
The recoverable value of each CGU was based on value-in-use calculation using a discounted cash flow 
methodology. The value-in-use was calculated using unobservable (Level 3) inputs such as the budgeted and 
projected revenues and EBITDA margin for a five-year period plus a terminal year. The EBITDA is defined as net 
income (loss) before finance expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization. The Company considered 
past experience, economic trends as well as industry and market trends in assessing if the level of EBITDA can 
be maintained in the future. The Company also used discount rates in the range of 13% and 18% (2021  10% 
overall rate of return required by debt and equity holders on their investment. 
Determining the WACC requires analyzing the cost of equity and debt separately and takes into account a risk 
premium that is based on each CGU. The change in the discount rate in the current year as compared to the prior 
year is related to the change in market interest rate, and in operational strength each CGU has seen in operations 
since acquisition.  
Growth rates ranging between 0% and 18% (2021  0% and 18%) and terminal rate of 2% (2021  2%) have 
been used to estimate future cash flows of each of the CGUs. The change in the growth rate range in the current 
year as compared to the prior year is related to the organic growth the Company has seen in the CGUs since 
acquisition.  
12.
BANK INDEBTEDNESS
Original carrying 
amount
Disposal
Impairment
2022
2021
Spark Power Solutions Ltd.
1,554
   
-
   
-
   
1,554
  
1,554
  
Spark Power High Voltage Services Inc.
3,633
   
-
   
-
   
3,633
  
3,633
  
New Electric Enterprises Inc.
13,847
   
-
   
-
   
13,847
  
13,847
  
Orbis Engineering Services Ltd.
2,456
   
-
   
-
   
2,456
  
2,456
  
Bullfrog Power Inc.
6,633
   
(6,633)
   
-
   
-  
6,633
  
Spark Power LLC
284
   
-
   
-
   
284
  
284
  
3-Phase Electrical Ltd.
4,449
   
-
   
(1,500)
   
2,949
  
4,449
  
One Wind Services Inc. and One Wind Services (US) Inc.
5,107
   
-
   
-
   
5,107
  
5,107
  
37,963
$  
   
(6,633)
$  
   
(1,500)
$  
   
29,830
$  
  
37,963
$  
  
Net carrying amount as at December 31
2022
2021
$35,000 revolving credit facility, subject to borrowing base limits, bearing 
interest at prime plus 2.00% - 3.00% per annum payable monthly. The loan 
matures on September 30, 2024. The lender has general security over the 
Company.
26,062
   
29,344
$ 
  
Cash on hand
(1,141)
   
(1,202)
   
24,921
$ 
  
28,142
$ 
  
50

SPARK POWER GROUP INC. 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 
Presented in thousands of Canadian dollars, except share and per share amounts 
 
12.
BANK INDEBTEDNESS (Continued)
On November 30, 2022, the Company amended its credit agreement with its lender (herein referred to as the 
, with a $35,000 revolving credit facility that matures on September 
30, 2024, subject to certain borrowing base conditions. Bank indebtedness bears interest at prime plus 2.0% - 
3.0%, with an incremental interest rate margin of 1.0% applied through March 31, 2023. During the year, the 
Company paid $2,061 (2021 - $1,451) of interest related to bank indebtedness which has been included in 
Finance expense.  
Further details of the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement are included in Note 13  Long-term debt. 
13.
LONG TERM DEBT
(i) During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company paid $7,371 in principal payments against the term
loan (2021 - $9,508).
(ii) On November 30, 2022, the Company repaid $22,000 against the term loan, including the $2,000 advance on
the term loan received in the third quarter of 2022, using the proceeds from the disposal of discontinued
operations. (Note 29)
During the year, the Company paid $4,359 (2021 - $3,014) of interest related to the long-term debt which has 
been included in Finance expense. 
On November 30, 2022, the Company entered into a new Amended and Restated Credit Agreement with its 
Lender. Key terms of these Agreements are as follows: 
a.
The maturity date of this new facility was extended to September 30, 2024 and will be amortized over an
8-year period with quarterly repayments of $1,125, reduced from previously $2,082 per quarter;
b.
Achieve a minimum cumulative monthly EBITDA at the end of each calendar month through March 31,
2023;
c.
Maintain incremental interest rate margin of 1.00% on facility advances in place from April 29, 2022
through March 31, 2023;
d.
Subsequent to the 2022 fiscal year, maintain certain covenants on a 12-month rolling quarterly basis,
including:
Minimum fixed charge coverage ratio of 1.00 for the quarter ended March 31, 2023, as revised 
subsequent to the year end, increasing to 1.25 for each fiscal quarter thereafter; 
Maximum total senior debt to EBITDA ratio based on the most recently completed four fiscal quarters 
of 3.25:1.00; 
2022 
2021 
Non-revolving term loan with Bank of Montreal bearing interest at prime plus 2.00% - 
3.00% per annum, payable monthly. Principal payments of $2,082 per quarter 
commenced June 30, 2021 and reduced to $1,125 commencing December 2022. The 
loan matures on September 30, 2024. The lender has general security over the 
Company. (i) and (ii)
35,922
$  
  
62,459
$  
  
Loan bearing interest at 4.00% per annum and repayable in annual payments of 
principal plus accrued interest. Principal payments to be made as follows: 2021 - 
$750. The loan was secured by a General Security Agreement and repaid in full on 
April 30, 2022.
-  
750
  
35,922
  
63,209
  
Less: current portion
4,500
  
61,962
  
Less: financing fees, net of amortization
2,820
  
1,247
  
Long-term debt
28,602
$  
  
-
$  
 
51

SPARK POWER GROUP INC. 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 
Presented in thousands of Canadian dollars, except share and per share amounts 
 
13.
LONG TERM DEBT (Continued)
Maximum total debt to EBITDA ratio based on the most recently completed four fiscal quarters of 
3.75:1.00. 
As at December 31, 2022, the Company was in compliance with the financial covenants in effect in its credit 
facility, being the minimum cumulative monthly EBITDA covenant. 
14.
PROMISSORY NOTES
During the year, the Company incurred $100 (2021 - $868) of interest related to the promissory notes which has 
been recorded to Finance expense. 
15.
LEASE LIABILITY
Included in Finance expense is $1,412 (2021 - $1,159) of interest expense on lease liabilities. Total cash outflows 
relating to leases consist of principal payments in the amount of $8,280 (2021 - $7,569). Short term and low value 
leases are not significant. 
2022
2021
Issued January 1, 2017 and bears interest at 6% per annum which is payable annually. 
The accrued interest is included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities. The note 
was repaid on January 1, 2022.  
-
$  
 
988
$
  
Issued July 1, 2018 and bears interest at 6% per annum paid quarterly. Principal 
payments of $2,000 to be made on each anniversary commenced in 2021. The loan 
was repaid in July 2022. 
-
   
4,000
  
Issued August 1, 2019 and bears interest at 4%. Accrued interest is due and payable 
on each anniversary.
2,500
  
2,500
  
Issued November 1, 2019 and bears interest at 5%. Principal payments to be made on 
each anniversary as follows:  2021 - $500; 2022 - $2,750.  Accrued interest is due and 
payable on each anniversary. The loan was repaid in 2022. 
-
   
3,250
  
2,500
  
10,738
  
Less: current portion
2,500
  
10,738
  
Promissory notes
-
$  
 
-
$
  
2022 
2021
Property and office space leases bearing interest at an approximate rate of 
6%. The leases extend through fiscal 2037.
18,798
$ 
  
11,477
$ 
  
Motor vehicle leases bearing interest at an approximate rate of 6%. The leases 
extend through fiscal 2027.
16,689
   
9,059
  
Equipment and hardware leases bearing interest at an approximate rate of 
6%. The leases extend through 2025.
45
   
91
   
35,532
   
20,627
   
Less: current portion
8,057
  
6,643
  
Lease liability
27,475
$ 
  
13,984
$ 
  
52

SPARK POWER GROUP INC. 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 
Presented in thousands of Canadian dollars, except share and per share amounts 
 
15.
LEASE LIABILITY (Continued)
All of the leases are secured by the underlying assets. Future minimum lease payments for the next five years
are as follows:
16.
INCOME TAXES
Major components of income tax expense:
 
Tax expenses on continuing operations excludes the tax expenses on the discontinued operations of $2,850 
(2021 - $1,358) and tax expenses on the gain on sale of discontinued operations of $1,860 (2021: nil). Both of 
these have been included in net income from discontinued operations, net of taxes. See Note 29.  
The income tax provision recorded differs from the income tax obtained by applying the statutory income tax rate 
of 26.5% (2021 - 26.5%) to the income for the year and is reconciled as follows:  
 
2023
9,132
  
2024
8,208
  
2025
6,790
  
2026
5,197
  
2027 and thereafter
15,301
  
44,628
  
Less:  imputed interest
9,096
  
35,532
  
2022
2021
Current tax expenses (recovery)
Current year
(868)
$ 
 
(677)
$
  
True-up of prior year 
(478)
 
(498)
  
(1,346)
  
(1,175)
  
Deferred tax expenses (recovery)
Origination and reversal of temporary differences
(3,294)
  
(1,005)
  
(3,294)
  
(1,005)
  
Tax expenses (recovery) on continuing operations
(4,640)
$ 
  
(2,180)
$ 
  
2022
2021
Loss before income taxes from continuing operations
(15,639)
$ 
  
(28,902)
$ 
  
Statutory rate
26.5%
26.5%
Expected income tax recovery
(4,144)
  
(7,659)
  
Increase (decrease) in income taxes due to:
 Permanent differences
2,397
  
1,543
  
 Change in valuation allowance
(1,470)
  
3,793
  
 True-up of prior year
(935)
  
82
  
 Other
(488)
  
61
  
Income tax expense (recovery)
(4,640)
$ 
  
(2,180)
$ 
  
53

SPARK POWER GROUP INC. 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 
Presented in thousands of Canadian dollars, except share and per share amounts 
 
16.
INCOME TAXES (Continued)
The tax effects of significant components of temporary differences that give rise to deferred tax assets and
liabilities are as follows:
The Company has non-capital losses available that can be utilized to reduce taxable income of future years. 
These losses expire as follows: 
Operating losses incurred by the Company
subsidiaries for which a deferred tax asset has not been 
recognized were $10,995 (2021 - $17,132). 
17.
SHARE CAPITAL
Authorized:
Unlimited
Common shares 
Issued:
2022
2021
Deferred tax assets
  Loss carryforwards
6,516
$ 
  
4,296
$ 
  
  Provision for expected credit losses
-  
-  
  Property and equipment and right of use asset
467
  
338
  
  Financing costs
69
  
129
  
  Other
- 
567
  
7,052
  
5,330
   
Deferred tax liabilities
  Intangible assets
316
  
(2,746)
  
  Property and equipment
(915)
   
(1,262)
  
  Other
(3,566)
  
(2,418)
  
(4,165)
  
(6,426)
  
Net deferred tax asset/(liability)
2,887
$ 
  
(1,096)
$ 
  
2040
11,982
$ 
  
2041
15,798
  
2042
7,581
  
35,361
  
Valuation allowance
(10,995)
  
24,366
$ 
  
Number
Amount
Balance, December 31, 2020
53,649,648
  
130,284
$ 
  
Exercise of stock options (i), (ii) and (iii)
411,282
  
782
  
Conversion of restricted share units (iv), (vi) and (vii)
219,277
  
144
  
Issuance of common shares through private placement (v)
2,654,028
  
5,600
  
Balance, December 31, 2021
56,934,235
  
136,810
  
Issuance of common shares through rights offering (viii)
24,674,133
  
29,525
  
Issuance of common shares through private placement (ix)
8,333,333
  
10,000
  
Conversion of restricted share units (x)
551,434
  
306
  
Balance, December 31, 2022
90,493,135
  
176,641
$ 
  
54

SPARK POWER GROUP INC. 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 
Presented in thousands of Canadian dollars, except share and per share amounts 
 
17.
SHARE CAPITAL (Continued)
(i)
In January 2021, 75,075 common shares were issued upon the exercise of options granted under the
proceeds of $125. An additional value allocated to these shares in the amount of $37 was reallocated
from contributed surplus to share capital.
(ii)
In February 2021, 186,207 common shares were issued upon the exercise of options granted under the
Omnibus Plan at an exercise price of $1.34 per option for cash proceeds of $250. An additional value
allocated to these shares in the amount of $94 was reallocated from contributed surplus to share capital.
(iii)
In April 2021, 150,000 common shares were issued upon the exercise of options granted under the
Omnibus Plan at an exercise price of $1.34 per option for cash proceeds of $201. An additional value
allocated to these shares in the amount of $75 was reallocated from Contributed surplus to Share capital.
(iv)
In May 2021, 189,277 common shares were issued upon the conversion of Restricted Share Units. A
value of $129 was applied to these shares and reallocated from contributed surplus to share capital.
(v)
In June 2021, 2,654,028 common shares were issued upon the closing of a non-brokered private
placement at a price of $2.11 per share for cash proceeds of $5,600. Approximately 88% of the equity
capital was provided by the three founders of the business.
(vi)
In July 2021, 20,000 common shares were issued upon the conversion of Restricted Share Units. A
value of $0.50 per unit was applied to these shares and reallocated from contributed surplus to share
capital.
(vii)
In August 2021, 10,000 common shares were issued upon the conversion of Restricted Share Units. A
value of $0.50 per unit was applied to these shares and reallocated from contributed surplus to share
capital.
(viii)
In January 2022, 24,674,133 common shares were issued upon the closing of a rights offering at a price
of $1.20 per share for net cash proceeds of $29,525, excluding issuance costs of $84.
(ix)
In January 2022, 8,333,333 common shares were issued upon the closing of a non-brokered private
placement at a price of $1.20 per share for cash proceeds of $10,000. There were no issuance costs
associated with this financing.
(x)
During 2022, 551,434 common shares were issued upon the conversion of Restricted Share Units. A
fair value of $306 was applied to these shares and reallocated from Contributed surplus.
Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan 
and 
employees and consultants, subject to certain conditions, so that they may participate in its growth and 
development. 
As at December 31, 2022, there were 5,832,426 stock options, RSU, DSU or PSU that are available to be granted 
under the Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan (December 31, 2021  5,693,424). Options generally expire after ten 
years, with vesting provisions stated in the Omnibus Plan.   
In addition, 1,735,980 stock options were part of a rollover when the Company completed the acquisition of 
Genuity Acquisition Corp., of which 1,039,542 remain outstanding, and accordingly are not included against the 
total options available under the Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan. 
55

SPARK POWER GROUP INC. 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 
Presented in thousands of Canadian dollars, except share and per share amounts 
 
17.
SHARE CAPITAL (Continued)
Stock Options
Activity in the Company's stock option Omnibus Plan for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 are
summarized as follows:
(xi)
During the second and third quarter of 2022, the Company granted 68,844 and 1,110,000 stock options
with an exercise price of $1.38 and $1.20, vesting equally over a three-year period with a ten-year term
and a four-year period with a five-year term, respectively.
(xii)
In 2021, 108,000 options and 66,000 with an exercise price of $1.66 and $1.34 per unit, respectively,
were forfeited upon the departure of an employee. A value of $54 and $33, respectively, were applied to
these options and removed from Contributed surplus.
(xiii)
In 2022, 100,000 and 225,000 options with an exercise price of $1.38 and $1.20 per unit, respectively,
were forfeited 
No adjustment made to the Contributed Surplus. 
The Company used the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of options granted in the 
year based on the following inputs:  
There were no options granted during the year ended December 31, 2021. 
Of the total number of options outstanding at December 31, 2022, 1,985,376 (December 31, 2021  1,379,031) 
had vested and were exercisable. The weighted average remaining life of the options was 8.1 years. 
Restricted Share Unit Plan 
The Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan allows the Board of Directors to issue equity settled RSUs, provided that, 
when combined, the maximum number of common shares reserved for issuance under all stock-based 
shares. 
Number of 
Options
Weighted 
Average Option 
Exercise Price 
$
Number of 
Options
Weighted 
Average Option 
Exercise Price $
Outstanding, beginning of period
2,083,198
  
1.29
  
2,688,480
  
1.32
  
Granted during the period (xi)
1,178,844
  
1.21
  
-
  
-  
Forfeiture during the period (xii) and (xiii)
(325,000)
  
1.20
  
(174,000)
  
1.54
  
Cancelled during the period 
-
  
-  
(20,000)
  
1.32
  
Exercised during the period (i), (ii) and (iii)
-
  
-  
(411,282)
  
1.40
  
Outstanding, end of year
2,937,042
  
1.27
  
2,083,198
  
1.29
  
Year ended December 31, 2022
Year ended December 31, 2021
2022
Estimated life
5 years
Volatility
50%
Dividend growth rate
0%
Risk-free interest rate
3.64%
56

SPARK POWER GROUP INC. 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 
Presented in thousands of Canadian dollars, except share and per share amounts 
 
17.
SHARE CAPITAL (Continued)
RSU plan for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 are summarized as follows: 
(xiv)
On April 6, 2021, the Company issued 790,962 RSUs with an exercise price of $1.77 per unit. These
units shall cliff vest on the third anniversary of the grant date.
(xv)
On April 6, 2021, the Company issued 372,567 RSUs with an exercise price of $1.77 per unit of which
189,277 of these units vest immediately and are converted into common shares, while the remaining
183,290 units shall cliff vest on 18 months after the grant date.
(xvi)
In 2021, 120,000 RSUs with a value of $1.05 per unit, were forfeited upon the departure of various
employees. Additionally, 26,733 RSUs with a value of $1.77 per unit, were forfeited upon the departure
of various employees. A value of $61
during the year.
(xvii)
On June 29, 2022, the Company issued 1,755,000 RSUs with an exercise price of $0.71 per unit,
600,000 of which cliff vest on June 29, 2025 and the remaining vest in three installments on each
anniversary date of grant.
(xviii)
On September 16, 2022, the Company issued 135,000 RSUs with an exercise price of $0.75 per unit
which vest in three installments on each anniversary date of grant.
(xix)
In 2022, the 551,434 vested
were converted into common shares, and a value of $306 was 
applied to these RSUs and transferred from contributed surplus to common shares during the year. 
(xx)
In 2022, 301,305 RSUs with a value of $0.57 per unit were forfeited upon the departure of various
employees. A value of $53 was applied to these RSUs and removed from contributed surplus during the
period.
The weighted average fair value of RSUs granted during 2022 is $0.31 (2021 - $0.63). The estimated fair value 
of the equity settled RSUs granted will be recognized as an expense over the vesting period of the RSUs. The 
following inputs were used to estimate the fair value of the RSUs:  
 
Deferred Share Unit Plan 
The Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan allows the Board of Directors to issue equity settled DSUs, provided that, 
when combined, the maximum number of common shares reserved for issuance under all stock-based 
shares. 
Number
Amount
Balance, December 31, 2020
608,441
  
307
$ 
  
Granted during the period (xiv) and (xv)
1,163,529
   
801
   
Exercised during the period (xv)
(219,277)
   
(144)
  
Forfeited during the period (xvi)
(146,733)
   
(77)
   
Balance, December 31, 2021
1,405,960
   
887
$ 
  
Granted during the period (xvii) and (xviii)
1,890,000
   
586
   
Excercised during the period (xix)
(551,434)
   
(306)
  
Forfeited during the period (xx)
(301,305)
   
(53)
   
Balance, December 31, 2022
2,443,221
   
1,114
$ 
  
2022
2021
Estimated life
3 years
3 years
Volatility
69%
70%
Dividend growth rate
0%
0%
Risk-free interest rate
3.72%
0.70%
57

SPARK POWER GROUP INC. 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 
Presented in thousands of Canadian dollars, except share and per share amounts 
 
17.
SHARE CAPITAL (Continued)
2 and 2021 are summarized as follows: 
(xxi)
In 2022, the Company issued 160,519 DSUs (2021  24,532 DSUs) with a weighted average exercise
price of $0.61 (2021  $2.04) per unit. These units vest upon date of the grant.
The weighted average fair value of deferred share units granted during 2022 is $0.61 (2021 - $0.98). The 
estimated fair value of the equity settled DSUs granted will be recognized as an expense over the vesting period 
of the DSUs. The following inputs were used to estimate the fair value of the DSUs:  
 
Performance Share Units 
On September 20, 2022, the Company granted 1,550,000 equity settled PSUs, with an exercise price of $1.20, 
with an expiry date on January 1, 2027. 
For each of the financial years ended December 31, 2022, December 31, 2023, December 31, 2024 and 
December 31, 2025, 12.5% of the PSUs are eligible to vest with a multiplier of 50% to 150% based on the 
achievement of the Gross Margin Percentage and Operational EBITDA performance goals (the Performance 
Goals ). Notwithstanding the maximum for 150% vesting set out for each Performance Goal, in each year, a 
maximum of 25% of the PSUs are eligible to vest. 
The fair value of PSUs granted is estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, 
taking into account the terms and conditions, on which the PSUs were granted, with estimates regarding 
probability of performance condition being met and forfeiture rates. During the year, $76 expenses were recorded 
in contributed surplus. During the year, 300,000 PSUs were forfeited.  
The following inputs were used to estimate the fair value of the PSUs: 
Estimated Life  4.25 years  
Volatility  70% 
Dividend growth rate  0% 
Risk-free interest rate  3.70% 
Share Appreciation Rights Plan 
On September 16, 2022, the Company adopted a stock appreciation rights plan (the 
further aligns the Company s strategic objective of value creation to the compensation of the senior management 
team of the Company. 
On September 20, 2022, the Company s senior management team were granted 2,325,000 share appreciation 
rights ( SARs ), to be settled in cash, with an expiry date on January 1, 2027.  
The SARs vest on the occurrence of a change in control that achieves certain financial thresholds, or 
upon satisfaction of the alternative vesting condition, provided that such vesting condition is satisfied 
prior to the expiry date.  
The liability for the share appreciation rights is measured, initially and at the end of each reporting period 
until settled, at the fair value of the share appreciation rights, by applying bi-nominal pricing model, taking 
Number
Amount
Balance, December 31, 2020
56,654
  
35
$ 
  
Granted during the period (xxi)
24,532
  
44
  
Balance, December 31, 2021
81,186
  
79
$ 
  
Granted during the period (xxi)
160,519
  
98
  
Balance, December 31, 2022
241,705
  
177
$ 
  
2022
2021
Estimated life
3 years
3 years
Volatility
70%
70%
Dividend growth rate
0%
0%
Risk-free interest rate
3.35%
0.56%
58

SPARK POWER GROUP INC. 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 
Presented in thousands of Canadian dollars, except share and per share amounts 
 
17.
SHARE CAPITAL (Continued)
into account the terms and conditions on which the share appreciation rights were granted, and the extent 
to which the employees have rendered services to date.  
The following inputs were used to estimate the fair value of the SARs: 
Estimated Life  4.01 years  
Volatility  71% 
Dividend growth rate  0% 
Risk-free interest rate  3.99% 
There were nil financial liabilities recorded as at December 31, 2022. 450,000 SARs were forfeited at year end. 
Share-based compensation 
During the year ended December 31, 2022, share-based compensation of $794 (2021 - $1,072) was recorded as 
an expense and added to contributed surplus. 
Warrants 
were converted to 943,333 warrants at a ratio of 1.00:1.08. Additionally, 10,833,333 warrants were issued in 
connection with the Spark Power Acquisition for a total amount of 11,776,666 warrants outstanding as at both 
December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 at a value of $2,662.   
On October 31, 2019, the Company completed a Rights Offering to its shareholders. Pursuant to the Warrant 
agreement, and in connection to this Rights Offering, the number of shares issuable upon exercise of each 
Warrant has been adjusted from 1 Common share to 1.028 Common shares at an exercise price of $3.45 per 
share for a remaining term of 3.5 years.  
On January 31, 2022, the Company completed a Rights Offering to its shareholders. Pursuant to the Warrant 
agreement, and in connection to this Rights Offering, the number of shares issuable upon exercise of each 
Warrant has been adjusted from 1.028 Common share to 1.10 Common shares at an exercise price of $3.14 per 
share for a remaining term of 1.7 years. 
These warrants have been measured using the Black-Scholes method using the following inputs: 
Stock price - $3.00 per share  
Exercise price - $3.45 per share 
Risk-free interest rate  2.10% 
Volatility  14% 
Term  5 years 
Yield  0%.  
These inputs require management judgment and estimates and a change in such estimates could result in a 
material change to the valuation of these warrants. 
18.
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The Company has classified its financial instruments in accordance with IFRS into various categories as described
in its accounting policies.
The fair values of financial instruments are classified and measured according to the following three levels based
on the fair value hierarchy.
Level 1: 
quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. 
Level 2: 
inputs other that quoted priced included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability 
either directly or indirectly. 
Level 3: 
inputs for the asset or liability that are no based on observable market data. There were no financial 
59

SPARK POWER GROUP INC. 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 
Presented in thousands of Canadian dollars, except share and per share amounts 
 
18.
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (Continued)
 instruments carried at fair value categorized in Level 3 as at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. 
There were no transfers between levels during the period. 
The financial instruments recorded at fair value are the Interest Rate Swap arrangement and derivative financial 
instruments such as PPA and Hedge arrangements and are categorized as Level 2.  
The fair value of the Interest Rate Swap arrangement in a cumulative loss amount of $nil has been recorded to 
finance expense using Mark-to-
The 
Interest Rate Swap arrangement ended on September 30, 2021 and was not renewed. 
The Company does not have any financial instruments carried at fair value categorized in Level 3 as at period 
end. 
The carrying values of accounts receivable, other receivable, HST receivable, government grant receivable, 
contract assets, bank indebtedness, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, income taxes payable and contract 
liabilities approximate their fair values due to the immediate or short-term nature of these securities. 
The fair values of the borrowings approximate their carrying values as they are calculated based on the present 
value of the future principal and interest cash flows, discounted at the market rate of interest at the reporting date. 
The market rate of interest is determined by reference to similar liabilities.  
Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information 
about the financial instruments. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters 
of significant judgment and, therefore, cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could 
significantly affect the estimates. 
Risk management 
objectives and policies while retaining ultimate responsibility for them. The Company is exposed to a variety of 
financial risks by virtue of its activities: market risk, risk from infectious diseases, credit risk, interest rate risk, 
liquidity risk and foreign currency risk. Except for risks highlighted by the COVID-19 
overall risk management program has not changed throughout the year and focuses on the unpredictability of 
financial markets and seeks to minimize potential adverse effects on financial performance.   
Risk management is carried out by the finance department under policies approved by the Board of Directors. 
This department identifies and evaluates financial risks in close cooperation with management. 
Infectious diseases 
Outbreaks or the threat of outbreaks of viruses or other infectious diseases or similar health threats may have a 
material adverse effect on the Company by causing operational and supply chain delays and disruptions (including 
as a result of government regulation and prevention actions), adverse effects on operational efficiency, including 
due to quarantine, testing and monitoring obligations, labour shortages and shutdowns, decreased demand, 
increased unrecoverable costs, declines in gross margin realizations, capital markets volatility, or other unknown 
but potentially significant impacts. Notwithstanding the phased reduction in restrictions in most jurisdictions 
following the peak of the COVID-19 variant in 2022, unexpected developments in financial markets, regulatory 
environments, supply chains, or supplier, employee, or customer behaviour and confidence may have adverse 
impacts on our financial results and condition, and business operations and reputation if another epidemic or 
pandemic-scale infectious disease arises, or if a mutation of the COVID-19 virus results in renewed government 
and private sector restrictions. The Company cannot accurately predict what future effects such conditions may 
have on its operations or financial results. In addition, a significant outbreak of contagious diseases in the human 
population could result in a widespread health crisis that could adversely affect the economies and financial 
markets of many countries, resulting in economic downturn that could result in a material adverse effect on the 
demand for the Company s services, investor confidence, and general financial market liquidity, all of which may 
adversely affect the Company s business and the market price of the Common Shares. Accordingly, any outbreak 
or threat of an outbreak of an epidemic disease or similar public health emergency could have a material adverse 
effect on the Company s business, financial condition, and results of operations.   
60

SPARK POWER GROUP INC. 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 
Presented in thousands of Canadian dollars, except share and per share amounts 
 
18.
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (Continued)
Credit risk
Credit risk is the risk of a financial loss to the Company if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails
to meet its contractual obligation. The Company is mainly exposed to credit risk from credit sales. Management
of the Company monitors the credit worthiness of its customers by performing background checks on all new
customers focusing on publicity, reputation in the market and relationships with customers and other vendors.
ustomers and performs 
frequent reviews of outstanding balances. The Company determines there to be an increase in credit risk when 
The Company considers a receivable to be in default when contractual payments are 120 days past due, except 
when they are within terms. However, in certain cases, the Company may also consider a financial asset to be in 
default when internal or external information indicates that the Company is unlikely to receive the outstanding 
contractual amounts in full before taking into account any credit enhancements held by the Company. 
Provisions for outstanding balances are set based on forward looking information; when there is a change in the 
circumstances of a customer that would result in financial difficulties as indicated through a change in credit quality 
done on a continued basis through the monitoring of outstanding balances as well as the frequency of payments 
received. A receivable is completely written off once management determines the probability of collection to be 
not present. 
Further disclosures regarding accounts receivables are provided in Note 4. 
held with a major Canadian bank which the Company believes lessens the degree of credit risk. Contract assets 
subject the Company to credit risk in the case of non-performance or disputes on performance. Contract assets 
are reviewed similar to receivables when deemed necessary. 
Interest rate risk 
bearing debt securities. The Company 
may increase debt levels depending on the balance of financing in the future. If cash balances are higher than 
required for immediate requirements, the Company invests with a low-risk strategy in secure short-term deposits 
through major banks to earn interest income. 
The revolving facilities (Note 12) bear interest at a variable rate; however, the balance of the lines is continually 
terest rate risk. 
Therefore, the interest rate risk and cash flow exposure are not significant. The long-term debt also bears interest 
at a variable rate. At December 31, 2022, if interest rates had been higher by 2% with all other variables held 
constant, net loss would have been $1,500 higher. A decline in interest rates of 1% would have decreased the 
750. 
Liquidity risk 
repayments on its debt instruments. It is the risk that the Company will encounter difficulty in meeting its financial 
obligations as they fall due
meet its liabilities when they become due. The Board receives quarterly information regarding cash balances and 
cash flow projections. The liquidity risk of each subsidiary is managed centrally by the treasury function. Additional 
information related to liquidity risk is found in Note 2 and 13. 
The following table sets out the contractual maturities as at December 31, 2022 (representing undiscounted 
contractual cash flows) of financial liabilities: 
61

SPARK POWER GROUP INC. 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 
Presented in thousands of Canadian dollars, except share and per share amounts 
 
18.
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (Continued)
19.
CAPITAL MANAGEMENT
The Company defines its managed capital as the total of interest-bearing long-
including share capital, contributed surplus, accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income and retained
earnings (deficit). As at December 31, 2022, total managed capital was $106,340 (2021 - $86,758).
The 
 objectives when managing capital are:
i. 
an appropriate amount of leverage; and 
ii.
To provide an appropriate return to shareholders
The Company manages its capital structure within guidelines approved by the Board of Directors. The Company 
makes adjustments to its capital structure based on changes in economic conditions and the 
requirements. The Company has the ability to adjust its capital structure by issuing new equity or debt, selling 
assets to reduce debt, controlling the amount it distributes to shareholders, and making adjustments to its capital 
expenditure program.  
31, 2022 or 2021. 
20.
SEGMENTED INFORMATION
The Company has three primary segments: Technical Services, Renewables and Corporate. Two of the segments
are strategic business units that offer different products and services. The segments are reported in a manner
consistent with internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision-maker. The chief operating decision-
maker has been identified as the management team including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial
Officer.
The Technical Services segment includes the New Electric, Spark High Voltage, Orbis, Lizco and 3-Phase CGUs.
The Renewables segment includes the One Wind, Northwind, and Spark Power Solutions CGUs.
The Company evaluates segment performance on the basis of profit and loss from operations but excluding any
non-recurring losses and share-based payments.
The Sustainability segment was sold in 2022, and therefore excluded in the segmented information. Details of the
Sustainability segment are presented in Note 29.
2022
Notes
Carrying 
amount
Contractual 
cash flow
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027 and 
thereafter
Bank indebtedness
12
24,921
  
24,669
  
24,669
  
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
Accounts payable and 
  accrued liabilities
44,174
  
44,174
  
44,174
  
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
Long-term debt
13
33,102
  
33,102
  
4,500
   
28,602
  
-
   
-
   
-
   
Promissory notes
14
2,500
   
2,500
   
2,500
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
Lease liability
15
35,532
  
44,628
  
9,132
   
8,208
   
6,790
   
5,197
   
15,301
  
140,229
   
149,073
   
84,975
  
36,810
  
6,790
   
5,197
   
15,301
  
2021
Notes
Carrying 
amount
Contractual 
cash flow
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026 and 
thereafter
Bank indebtedness 
12
28,142
$  
  
28,142
$  
  
28,142
$  
  
-
$  
 
-
$ 
-
$ 
-
$ 
  
Accounts payable and 
 accrued liabilities
53,748
53,748
53,748
-
  
-
 
-
 
-
  
Long-term debt
13
61,962
64,051
64,051
-
  
-
 
-
 
-
  
Promissory notes 
14
10,738
11,673
11,673
-
  
-
 
-
 
-
  
Lease liability
15
20,627
22,856
7,558
5,443
4,190
2,783
2,882
Derivative liabilities
29
1,203
1,203
1,203
-
  
-
 
-
 
-
  
Future lease commitment
30
-
  
15,020
-
  
904
904
904
12,308
176,420
$  
   
196,693
$  
   
166,375
$  
   
6,347
$  
   
5,094
$  
   
3,687
$  
   
15,190
$  
   
62

SPARK POWER GROUP INC. 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 
Presented in thousands of Canadian dollars, except share and per share amounts 
 
20.
SEGMENTED INFORMATION (Continued)
2022
Technical 
Services
Renewables
Corporate
Total
Segment revenues
181,653
$  
  
89,333
$  
  
1,291
$  
  
272,277
$  
  
Segment cost of sales
145,141
  
72,289
  
-  
217,430
  
Segment selling, general and 
     administration expenses
25,272
  
9,671
  
21,041
  
55,984
  
Segment provision for expected credit loss
1,769
  
-  
-  
1,769
  
Segment reorganization costs
266
  
512
  
1,270
  
2,048
  
Segment change in foreign exchange (gain) loss
(270)
  
(95)
  
(259)
  
(624)
  
Other expenses (income)
-  
-  
57
  
57
  
Segment amortization and depreciation
16,012
  
2,196
  
1,351
  
19,559
  
Segment profit (loss)
9,475
  
6,956
  
(20,818)
  
(4,387)
  
Finance expense
-  
-  
-  
(8,423)
  
Transaction Costs
-  
-  
-  
(1,329)
  
Impairment Loss
(1,500)
  
-  
-  
(1,500)
  
Total Company income (loss) before taxes from continuing operations
(15,639)
$  
  
Segment assets
113,343
$  
  
68,620
$  
  
33,926
$  
  
215,889
$  
  
Deferred tax asset
-
$  
 
-
$ 
  
2,887
  
2,887
  
Total Company assets
218,776
$  
  
Segment liabilities
44,836
$  
  
53,976
$  
  
49,546
$  
  
148,358
$  
  
Long-term debt
-  
Total Company liabilities
148,358
$  
  
2021
Technical 
Services
Renewables
Corporate
Total
Segment revenues
163,781
$  
  
79,055
$  
  
1,788
$  
  
244,624
$  
  
Segment cost of sales
136,645
  
62,801
  
-  
199,446
  
Segment selling, general and 
     administration expenses
25,271
  
8,007
  
22,521
  
55,799
  
Segment provision for expected credit loss
518
  
-  
-  
518
  
Segment change in fair value of 
   derivative instruments
-  
-  
-  
-  
Segment change in realized gain on settlement
    of derivative instruments
-  
-  
-  
-  
Segment reorganization costs
569
  
453
  
2,369
  
3,391
  
Segment change in foreign exchange (gain) loss
239
  
519
  
197
  
955
  
Other expenses (income)
-  
-  
(49)
  
(49)
  
Segment amortization and depreciation
15,261
  
1,519
  
2,173
  
18,953
  
Segment profit (loss)
539
  
7,275
  
(23,250)
  
(15,436)
  
Finance expense
-  
-  
-  
(7,126)
  
Transaction Costs
-  
-  
-  
(2,141)
  
Impairment Loss
(4,000)
  
-  
-  
(4,000)
  
Total Company income (loss) before taxes from continuing operations
(28,703)
$  
  
Segment assets
130,421
$  
  
35,806
$  
  
22,573
$  
  
188,800
$  
  
Segment liabilities
74,688
$  
  
19,630
$  
  
87,377
$  
  
181,695
$  
  
Deferred tax liability
407
  
Long-term debt
-  
Total Company liabilities
182,102
$  
  
63

SPARK POWER GROUP INC. 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 
Presented in thousands of Canadian dollars, except share and per share amounts 
 
20.
SEGMENTED INFORMATION (Continued)
The Company has locations in Canada and the US. Details of the
 operations by geographical area 
are as follow:
21.
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
In the year ended December 31, 2022, $6,255 (2021 - $1,455) of revenue was earned from and there was $662
owing from Red Jar Capital, 
, in accounts receivable (2021 - $256). Further,
there were no other balances due to/from related parties and/or shareholders as at December 31, 2022 and 2021.
Key management personnel are those persons having authority and responsibility for planning, directing and
controlling the activities of the Company, comprised of the C
and other benefits paid to the key management personnel in the year were $2,292 (2021 - $1,871).
2022
Canada
USA
Total
Regional revenues
178,861
$  
   
93,416
$  
   
272,277
$  
   
Regional cost of sales
144,127
   
73,303
   
217,430
   
Regional selling, general and administation expenses
46,325
   
9,659
   
55,984
   
Regional provision for expected credit loss
1,769
   
-  
1,769
  
Other expenses (income)
57
   
-  
57
   
Regional reorganization costs
2,048
   
-  
2,048
  
Regional change in foreign exchange (gain) loss
(624)
 
- 
(624)
  
Regional profit (loss)
(14,841)
$  
  
10,454
$  
   
(4,387)
$  
  
Property and equipment
40,959
$  
   
7,465
$  
   
48,424
$  
   
Intangible assets
19,201
$  
   
763
$  
   
19,964
$  
   
Goodwill
29,545
$  
   
285
$  
   
29,830
$  
   
2021
Canada
USA
Total
Regional revenues
171,946
$  
   
72,678
$  
   
244,624
$  
   
Regional cost of sales
133,771
   
65,675
   
199,446
   
Regional selling, general and administation expenses
47,200
   
8,599
   
55,799
   
Regional provision for expected credit loss
85
   
433
   
518
   
Other expenses (income)
(49)
 
- 
(49)
  
Regional reorganization costs
3,340
   
51
  
3,391
  
Regional change in foreign exchange (gain) loss
955
   
- 
955
   
Regional profit (loss)
(13,356)
$  
  
(2,080)
$  
  
(15,436)
$  
  
Property and equipment
27,841
$  
   
5,431
$  
   
33,272
$  
   
Intangible assets
27,978
$  
   
1,138
$  
   
29,116
$  
   
Goodwill
37,679
$  
   
284
$  
   
37,963
$  
   
64

SPARK POWER GROUP INC. 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 
Presented in thousands of Canadian dollars, except share and per share amounts 
 
22.
RECONCILIATION OF LIABILITIES ARISING FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
23.
EARNINGS PER SHARE
The Company presents basic and diluted earnings per share data for its ordinary shares, being Common shares.
Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the profit or loss attributable to ordinary shareholders of the
Company by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period, adjusted for treasury
shares held. Diluted earnings per share is determined by dividing the profit or loss attributable to shareholders of
ordinary shares by the weighted average number of shares outstanding, adjusted for the effects of all dilutive
potential ordinary shares. As the Company is in a Net and Comprehensive Loss position from continuing
operations in the current year, the outstanding option, RSUs, DSUs and warrants are anti-dilutive.
Basic and diluted earnings per share
2021
Cash flows
Deferred 
financing fees
New leases 
acquired during 
the year
2022
Bank indebtedness
28,142
  
(3,221)
  
-  
-  
24,921
  
Long-term debt
61,962
  
(29,169)
  
309
  
- 
33,102
 
Promissory notes
10,738
  
(8,238)
  
-  
-  
2,500
 
Lease liability
20,627
  
(8,280)
  
- 
23,185
 
35,532
 
121,469
  
(48,908)
  
309
  
23,185
  
96,055
  
2020
Cash flows
Deferred 
financing fees
New leases 
acquired during 
the year
2021
Bank indebtedness
25,444
$ 
  
2,698
$  
  
-
$  
 
-
$
 
28,142
$
  
Long-term debt
66,572
(4,794)
184
- 
61,962
Promissory notes
10,738
-  
-  
- 
10,738
Lease liability
17,285
(8,050)
-  
11,392
20,627
120,039
$ 
  
(10,146)
$  
  
184
$  
  
11,392
$  
  
121,469
$  
  
Non-cash changes
Non-cash changes
2022
2021
Numerator:
 Net (loss) income from continuing operations 
(10,999)
$ 
  
(26,523)
$  
  
 Net income (loss) from discontinued operations
18,804
  
5,230
  
Net income (loss) 
7,805
  
(21,293)
  
Denominator:
 Weighted average number of basic shares outstanding
89,560,957
  
56,564,958
  
 Weighted average number of diluted shares outstanding
89,560,957
  
56,564,958
  
(Loss) earnings per share from continuing operations:
 Basic
(0.12)
$ 
  
(0.47)
$  
  
 Diluted 
(0.12)
$ 
  
(0.47)
$  
  
(Loss) earnings per share from discontinued operations:
 Basic
0.21
$ 
  
0.09
$  
  
 Diluted 
0.21
$ 
  
0.09
$  
  
65

SPARK POWER GROUP INC. 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 
Presented in thousands of Canadian dollars, except share and per share amounts 
 
24.
EXPENSE BY NATURE
25.
PROVISION FOR EXPECTED CREDIT LOSSES
As of December 31, 2022, the Company recognized $1,769 in Provision for Expected Credit Losses (2021 - $580).
26.
FINANCE EXPENSE
27.
TRANSACTION COSTS
During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized $1,329 in transaction costs. These are costs
associated with the rights offering and the strategic review process. In addition, there were $1,985 transaction
costs incurred related to the sale of Bullfrog and included in the calculation of gain on disposal of discontinued
operations as disclosed in Note 29. The transactions costs include legal and advisory costs. During the year
ended December 31, 2021 the Company incurred $2,141 in transactions costs. These are related to costs
associated with the convertible debenture process and costs associated with the strategic review process
including legal costs and special committee fees.
28.
REORGANIZATION AND OTHER NON-RECURRING COSTS
During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recognized $2,048 of severance related costs (2021 -
$2,141) of which $1,376 was included in accrued liabilities as at December 30, 2022 (December 31, 2021 -
$1,794).
corporate overheads.
2022
2021
Material, equipment and subcontractors
68,304
$ 
  
70,225
$  
  
Other administration costs
44,304
  
36,556
  
Office and telephone
5,696
  
4,816
  
Salaries and wages
129,085
  
118,200
  
Occupancy costs
2,592
  
1,858
  
Advertising and promotion
334
  
634
  
Depreciation of property and equipment
12,389
  
11,806
  
Amortization of intangible assets
7,396
  
7,615
  
Professional fees
3,314
  
3,535
  
273,414
$ 
  
255,245
$  
  
Notes
2022
2021
Interest on bank indebtedness
12
2,061
$ 
  
1,451
$ 
  
Interest on long-term debt
13
4,358
  
3,014
  
Interest on promissory notes
14
100
  
868
  
Interest on lease liabilities
15
1,412
  
1,159
  
Mark-to-Market interest gain
18
-  
(345)
  
Other
492
  
979
  
8,423
$ 
  
7,126
$ 
  
66

SPARK POWER GROUP INC. 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 
Presented in thousands of Canadian dollars, except share and per share amounts 
 
29.
DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
On November 30, 2022, the Company sold its Bullfrog business unit, a wholly owned subsidiary, for approximately
$35.0 million to a third party. Bullfrog was classified as a discontinued operation as at December 31, 2022. The
Bullfrog business 
November 30,
2022. With Bullfrog being sold, the Sustainability segment is no longer presented in the Segment note.
Results of discontinue operations for the years ended:
Cash flows from (used in) discontinued operation: 
Notes 
2022
2021
Revenue 
10,109
  
11,191
  
Cost of sales
6
2,830
  
4,118
  
Gross profit
7,279
  
7,073
  
Expenses
Selling, general and administrative
6,24
2,930
  
3,538
  
Provison for expected credit loss
4
15
  
112
  
Change in fair value of derivative instruments
30
(7,427)
  
(2,716)
  
Realized gain on settlement of derivative instruments
30
(1,234)
  
(1,051)
  
Foreign exchange loss
15
  
26
  
Reorganization costs
-  
101
  
Results from operating activities
12,980
  
7,063
  
Current income tax expense
885
  
669
  
Deferred income tax expense
1,965
  
689
  
Income tax expense
16
2,850
  
1,358
  
Results from discontinued operations, net of taxes
10,130
  
5,705
  
Gain on sale of discontinued operations
10,534
  
-  
Income tax expenses on sale of discontinued operations
16
1,860
  
-  
8,674
  
-  
Net income from discontinued operations, net of taxes
18,804
  
5,705
  
Basic earnings per share 
0.21
$  
  
0.09
$ 
  
Diluted earnings per share
0.21
$  
  
0.09
$ 
  
2022
2021
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities 
(4,354)
$ 
  
(1,541)
$ 
  
Net cash from investing activities 
30,017
  
-  
Net cash flows for the year 
25,663
$ 
  
(1,541)
$ 
  
67

SPARK POWER GROUP INC. 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 
Presented in thousands of Canadian dollars, except share and per share amounts 
 
29.
DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS (Continued)
Effect of disposal on the financial position of the Company:
Components of considerations: 
During the third quarter of 2021, the Company sold all the shares of its 100% owned subsidiary Orbis SPA for 
$189 (US$150) to a third party, including the assumption of value added tax outstanding of $144 and outstanding 
legal fees of $57. As a result of this sale the Company recorded a loss on discontinued operations of $475 for the 
period ended December 31, 2021. 
Notes 
2022
Trade and other receivables
(1,489)
  
Contract assets
(1,000)
  
Inventories
(885)
  
Prepaid expenses and deposits
(1,552)
  
Property, plant and equipment
(269)
  
Goodwill
(6,634)
  
Intangibles
(5,835)
  
Current and long-term derivative assets
(10,684)
  
Trade payables and accrued liabilities
1,055
  
Contract liabilities 
46
  
Deferred taxes liabilities
2,654
  
Income tax payables
825
  
Current and long-term derivative liabilitiies
541
  
Lease liabilities
241
  
Net assets and liabilities 
(22,986)
  
Consideration received in cash 
30,000
  
Other
24
  
Cash and cash equivalents disposed of
(7)
  
Net cash inflows
30,017
  
Consideration received upon close
30,000
  
Consideration in escrow 
1,500
  
Earn-out
3,318
  
Working capital adjustments
336
  
Other
450
  
Net cash inflows
35,604
  
68

SPARK POWER GROUP INC. 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 
Presented in thousands of Canadian dollars, except share and per share amounts 
 
30.
POWER PURCHASE AGREEMENT
As disclosed in Note 29 discontinued operations, the Power Purchase Agreement and the power swap
arrangement were sold on November 30, 2022 as the Company sold Bullfrog.
the purchase and sale of renewable energy and environmental attributes, including Certified Renewable Energy 
Certificates, for a period of seven years with an expected start date in the second quarter of 2021.   
During the year, the Company has recognized an unrealized gain in the change in fair value of the derivative asset 
with an estimated fair value of $6,765 (2021 - $3,918). As at December 31, 2021, an amount of $1,769 was 
recorded as a current asset and expected to be realized within the next twelve months.   
To offset any risk and volatility of this agreement, management entered into a related power swap arrangement 
to hedge the risk of changes in cash flows due to the fluctuations of power prices in the Alberta market. While this 
agreement economically hedges the risk of changes in cash flows due to fluctuations in power rates, hedge 
accounting has not been applied for these instruments. The unrealized gain in change in the fair value of the other 
derivative liability during the year of $662 (2021  $1,202 loss) is based on the projected market values of similar 
contracts with similar remaining durations as if the contract has been entered into at end of each period.   
On March 9, 2022, the Company signed a second Power Purchase Agreement for the purchase and sale of 
renewable energy and environmental attributes, including Certified Renewable Energy Certificates. The 
agreement started during the second quarter of 2022. 
During the year, the Company recognized realized settlements on the PPA in the amount of $4,478 offset by 
realized settlements on the hedge of $3,244 respectively for a net gain of $1,234. 
at are available for sale by the Company. These attributes, or 
renewable energy credits, are similar to those purchased and sold by the Company from other third parties, and 
as such, recorded as inventory. At November 30, 2022, the Company had 10,984 
 equal to $60 (December 
31, 2021 - $111) that were included in inventory and held for sale by the Company under its normal course of 
business. 
Power Group Inc., had issued Letters of Credit to the seller and the hedge broker in the amount of $760 and $100 
respectively.  
31.
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITY
From time to time, the Company is party to legal proceedings arising out of the normal course of business. The 
results of these litigations cannot be predicted with certainty, and management is of the opinion that the outcome 
of these types of proceedings is generally not determinable. Any loss resulting from these proceedings will be 
charged to operations in the period that a loss becomes probable. 
69

MANAGEMENT 
DISCUSSION & 
ANALYSIS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31
2022

Management’s Discussion and Analysis 
 
 
 
2 
 
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS 
The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) of the operating performance and financial condition of 
Spark Power Group Inc. (“Spark Power”, the “Company”, “we”, “us”, or “our”) for the three and twleve months ended 
December 31, 2022, dated March 28, 2023, should be read in conjunction with the December 31, 2022 Consolidated Annual 
Financial Statements and related notes thereto and the 2021 Management Information Circular. Additional information 
related to Spark Power is available under the Company’s SEDAR profile at www.sedar.com and on our website at 
www.sparkpowercorp.com. Unless otherwise specified all amounts are expressed in Canadian dollars.  
FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION AND GOING CONCERN 
This Spark Power MD&A contains forward-looking information and future oriented financial information within the meaning 
of applicable Canadian securities laws (“forward-looking information”). All information other than statements of current and 
historical fact contained in this Spark Power MD&A is forward-looking information and reflect management’s expectations 
regarding the prospects, results of operations, performance and business of the Corporation based on information currently 
available to the Corporation. Forward-looking information is provided for the purpose of presenting information about 
management’s current expectations and plans relating to the future and readers are cautioned that such statements may 
not be appropriate for other purposes. These statements use forward-looking words, such as “anticipate”, “continue”, “could”, 
“expect”, “may”, “will”, “intend”, “estimate”, “plan”, “believe” or other similar words but the absence of these words does not 
mean that a statement is not forward-looking.   
Forward-looking information in this Spark Power MD&A includes, but is not limited to, information relating to Spark Power’s 
future financial and business operations outlook as set in the section entitled “Outlook” herein, statements regarding the 
Corporation’s business, future development, debt refinancing, future financial position, our ability to secure new financing on 
reasonable terms, our business strategy, execution of ‘Let’s Grow Better’ strategic plan, the success and profitability of the 
business and our ability to support the services of our business, the electrical power industry in general, potential future 
acquisitions, the ability of the Corporation to procure additional sales from new and existing customers, the Corporation’s 
plans and objectives, the impact of trading patterns in our share price, the impact of regulators’ actions and decisions on our 
business, the demand for our business and services, general business and economic conditions, our ability to manage 
corporate growth and acquisitions, changes in interest rates, litigation, our gross margin realization, and improvements in 
liquidity. In developing the forward-looking information in this Spark Power MD&A, we have applied several material 
assumptions, as set out herein, including those under the section “Outlook” and those related to general business and 
economic conditions and our ability to attract new financing on reasonable terms.   
By their nature, forward-looking information is inherently uncertain, is subject to risk and is based on numerous assumptions, 
including those regarding present and future business strategies, the environment in which the Corporation will operate in 
the future, expected revenues, financing plans, expansion plans and the Corporation’s ability to achieve its goals. Although 
management of the Corporation believes that the expectations represented in such forward-looking information are 
reasonable, there can be no assurance that such expectations will prove to be correct. The future outcomes that relate to 
forward-looking information may be influenced by many factors that could cause actual future results, conditions, actions or 
events to differ materially from the targets, expectations, estimates or intentions expressed in the forward-looking information, 
including, but not limited to, those described in this Spark Power MD&A and in “Risk Factors” in the Company’s annual 
information form for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed on March 28, 2023 and available on SEDAR at 
www.sedar.com.  Spark Power cautions that the list of risk factors and uncertainties is not exhaustive and other factors could 
also adversely affect results. Readers are urged to consider the risks, uncertainties and assumptions carefully in evaluating 
the forward-looking information and future oriented financial information and the inherent uncertainty of forward-looking 
information and future oriented financial information and are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such information.   
There can be no assurance that forward-looking information will prove to be accurate, as actual results and future events 
could differ materially from those anticipated in such information. Accordingly, readers should not place undue reliance on 
forward-looking information. Forward-looking information is provided as of the date of this Spark Power MD&A or such other 
date specified herein, and the Corporation assumes no obligation to update or revise such forward-looking information to 
reflect new events or circumstances except as required under applicable Canadian securities laws. 
 
 
 
71

Management’s Discussion and Analysis 
 
 
 
3 
 
PRESENTATION OF FINANCIAL INFORMATION 
The consolidated financial statements (“Financial Statements”), including the required comparative information, have been 
prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting 
Standards Board (“IASB”). Financial results, including historical comparatives contained in this MD&A, unless otherwise 
specified herein, are based on these financial statements. The Canadian dollar is the Company’s reporting currency for 
purposes of preparing the financial statements given that the Company conducts most of its operations in that currency. 
Accordingly, all dollar references in this MD&A are in Canadian dollars, unless otherwise specified.  
KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS (NON-IFRS MEASURES) 
This Spark Power MD&A makes reference to certain non-IFRS measures, including: “EBITDA”, “EBITDA Margin”, “Adjusted 
EBITDA”, “Adjusted EBITDA Margin”, and “Adjusted Working Capital”. These non-IFRS measures are used to provide 
investors with supplemental measures of Spark Power’s operating performance and highlight trends in Spark Power’s 
business that may not otherwise be apparent when relying solely on IFRS measures. Spark also believes that providing such 
information to securities analysts, investors and other interested parties who frequently use non-IFRS measures in the 
evaluation of issuers will allow them to better compare Spark Power’s performance against others in its industry. 
Management also uses non-IFRS measures in order to facilitate operating performance comparisons from period to period, 
to prepare annual operating budgets and forecasts and to determine components of management compensation. See 
“Selected Consolidated Financial Information” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis”. 
“Adjusted EBITDA” means EBITDA adjusted for any reorganization and transaction costs, discontinued operations, change 
in estimate and non-recurring items which management considers to be not representative of Spark Power’s ongoing 
operating performance. Spark Power uses EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to evaluate the performance of its business as 
these measures reflect ongoing profitability and it believes these measures are useful in making comparisons between 
periods. Spark Power believes that EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA provide analysts and investors with information about its 
income generating capabilities, and ability to service debt and meet other payment obligations. Management uses these 
measures to monitor and plan for the operating performance of Spark Power in conjunction with other data prepared in 
accordance with IFRS. 
“Adjusted EBITDA Margin” means Adjusted EBITDA divided by revenue. 
“Adjusted Working Capital” means working capital less the current portion of long-term debt and lease liability, and 
therefore provides management and investors with a clearer understanding of the efficiency of operational working capital 
needs absent working capital required as a result of capital structure. 
“EBITDA” means net income (loss) before amortization and depreciation, finance costs, and provision for income taxes. 
“EBITDA Margin” means EBITDA divided by revenue. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
72

Management’s Discussion and Analysis 
 
 
 
4 
 
BUSINESS OVERVIEW 
Headquartered in Oakville, Ontario, Canada, Spark Power Group Inc. is a leading provider of end-to-end electrical 
contracting, operations and maintenance services, and energy sustainability solutions to the industrial, commercial, utility, 
and renewable asset markets in Canada and the United States. Spark is focused on delivering our promise of being our 
customers’ Trusted Partner in PowerTM, taking advantage of the opportunities presented by a dynamic market. 
Operating within our field focused operating model, Spark Power is structured and financially reports the organization in 
three specific business segments: Technical Services, Renewables, and Corporate. The Technical Services business 
segment is managed in three geographic, operational regions: Western Canada, Eastern Canada, and USA.  
 
Spark’s integrated suite of services across North America are as follows: 
Technical Services 
Centred around its branch network, Spark’s Technical Services business segment operates out of several locations in the 
U.S. and Canada and focuses on pole-to-product electrical services. With highly responsive and local technical teams, Spark 
offers a wide variety of services and solutions to a wide range of customers including: 
 
Low Voltage 
• 
Electrical contracting services 
• 
Industrial automation 
• 
Systems integration 
• 
Custom control panel design and assembly 
• 
Electronic repair 
• 
24/7 emergency services 
 
Medium & High 
Voltage 
• 
Power ‘On’ services 
• 
Sub-station construction and 
maintenance 
• 
Power line construction and 
maintenance 
 
• 
Equipment installation 
• 
Commissioning 
• 
Thermography services 
• 
Transformer maintenance 
Engineering 
• 
Power systems engineering 
• 
Protection and control 
engineering 
• 
Substation engineering 
• 
SCADA engineering 
• 
Arc flash studies 
 
Power Equipment 
• 
Buy, refurbishment and resale 
of used electrical equipment 
• 
Sales and rentals of power 
transformers 
• 
Sale of medium voltage electrical 
switchgear 
• 
Full fabrication shop/paint line capabilities 
 
 
 
 
73

Management’s Discussion and Analysis 
 
 
 
5 
 
Renewables 
Spark Power’s Renewables business segment is one of the largest independent renewables operations and maintenance 
providers in North America. Operating in many centres and remote locations in the U.S. and Canada, Spark’s Renewables 
business is primarily focused on Wind, Solar, Storage and Electric Vehicle assets. Spark Power’s Renewables services 
include: 
 
Solar 
• 
24/7 monitoring and analytics 
from central operating centre 
 
• 
Fence to fence, onsite operations and 
maintenance to wide range of solar 
sites 
Wind 
• 
In-construction services 
• 
Asset monitoring 
• 
Operations and maintenance 
• 
Commissioning 
 
Battery 
Energy 
Storage Systems 
(BESS) 
 
• 
Engineering, procurement, 
and construction 
• 
Operations and maintenance 
• 
Commissioning 
 
Electric Vehicle (EV) 
• 
Construction  
• 
Operations and maintenance 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
74

Management’s Discussion and Analysis 
 
 
 
6 
 
SUMMARY FINANCIAL INFORMATION 
 
The selected information presented below has been derived from and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s 
consolidated financial statements and related notes for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(in $000's)
2022
2021
2022
2021
Revenue
64,518
$                     
63,086
$               
272,277
$                     
244,624
$            
Cost of sales
52,033
                       
55,085
                 
217,430
                        
199,446
               
Gross profit
12,485
                       
8,001
                   
54,847
                          
45,178
                 
Selling, general and administrative expenses
13,690
                       
16,242
                 
55,984
                          
55,799
                 
Provision for expected credit losses
1,500
                          
439
                       
1,769
                            
518
                       
Other expense (income)
57
                               
(49)
                        
57
                                  
(49)
                        
Reorganization costs
198
                             
1,862
                   
2,048
                            
3,391
                   
Foreign exchange (gain) loss
2,062
                          
513
                       
(624)
                              
955
                       
Loss from operations
(5,022)
                        
(11,006)
                
(4,387)
                           
(15,436)
                
Finance costs
(2,737)
                        
(2,233)
                  
(8,423)
                           
(7,126)
                  
Transaction costs
(336)
                            
(580)
                     
(1,329)
                           
(2,141)
                  
Impairment loss
(1,500)
                        
(4,000)
                  
(1,500)
                           
(4,000)
                  
(4,573)
                        
(6,813)
                  
(11,252)
                         
(13,267)
                
Income (loss) before income taxes from continuing operations
(9,595)
                        
(17,819)
                
(15,639)
                         
(28,703)
                
Income tax recovery (expense):
Current
2,547
                          
1,513
                   
1,346
                            
1,175
                   
Deferred
1,510
                          
(2,214)
                  
3,294
                            
1,005
                   
4,057
                          
(701)
                     
4,640
                            
2,180
                   
Net income (loss) from continuing operations
(5,538)
                        
(18,520)
                
(10,999)
                         
(26,523)
                
Net income from discontinued operations
10,673
                       
645
                       
18,804
                          
5,230
                   
Net income (loss)
5,135
                          
(17,875)
                
7,805
                            
(21,293)
                
Cumulative translation adjustment
(14)
                              
241
                       
(1,202)
                           
373
                       
Comprehensive loss
5,121
                          
(17,634)
                
6,603
                            
(20,920)
                
EBITDA
10,566
$                     
(10,240)
$             
34,442
$                        
4,617
$                 
EBITDA margin
16.0%
(15.7%)
                 
12.2%
1.8%
Adjusted EBITDA
6,972
                          
3,136
                   
33,083
                          
23,304
                 
Adjusted EBITDA margin
10.5%
4.8%
                    
11.7%
9.1%
Adjusted EBITDA excl. unrealized gains on derivatives
4,496
                          
3,294
                   
25,656
                          
20,588
                 
Adjusted EBITDA margin excl. unrealized gains on derivatives
6.8%
5.0%
                    
9.1%
8.0%
Three months ended December 31,
Twelve months ended December 31,
75

Management’s Discussion and Analysis 
 
 
 
7 
 
EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA 
The following tables provide a reconciliation of our EBITDA measures: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(in $000's)
2022
2021
2022
2021
EBITDA - continuing operations
(760)
$                   
(10,650)
               
12,343
$                
(2,624)
$                      
EBITDA - discontinued operations
11,326
                 
410
                      
22,099
                  
7,241
                          
Total EBITDA
10,566
                 
(10,240)
               
34,442
                  
4,617
                          
Adjusted EBITDA - continuing operations
4,320
                    
2,648
                  
19,643
                  
15,375
                       
Adjusted EBITDA - discontinued operations
2,652
                    
488
                      
13,440
                  
7,929
                          
Total Adjusted EBITDA
6,972
$                 
3,136
                  
33,083
$                
23,304
                       
Total Adjusted EBITDA excl. unrealized gains on derivatives
4,496
$                 
3,294
                  
25,656
$                
20,588
                       
Reconciliation of Total EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA
Three months ended December 31,
Twelve months ended December 31,
(in $000's)
2022
2021
2022
2021
Net Income (loss) from continuing operations
(5,538)
$                
(18,520)
$            
(10,999)
$               
(26,523)
$                    
Adjustments:
   Finance expense
2,737
                    
2,233
                  
8,423
                     
7,126
                          
   Income tax (recovery) expense
(4,057)
                  
701
                      
(4,640)
                   
(2,180)
                        
   Amortization and depreciation
6,098
                    
4,936
                  
19,559
                  
18,953
                       
EBITDA - continuing operations
(760)
$                   
(10,650)
$            
12,343
$                
(2,624)
$                      
EBITDA Margin - continuing operations
(1.2%)
                    
(16.9%)
                
4.5%
                      
(1.1%)
                         
Adjustments:
Provision for expected credit loss
1,500
                    
439
                      
1,769
                     
518
                             
Impairment loss
1,500
                    
4,000
                  
1,500
                     
4,000
                          
Foreign exchange loss (gain) 
1,546
                    
619
                      
654
                        
1,559
                          
Reorganization costs
198
                       
1,862
                  
2,048
                     
3,391
                          
Transaction costs
336
                       
580
                      
1,329
                     
2,141
                          
Change in estimate
-
                        
3,740
                  
-
                         
6,390
                          
Year end provisions
-
                        
2,058
                  
-
                         
-
                              
Adjusted EBITDA - continuing operations
4,320
$                 
2,648
$                
19,643
$                
15,375
$                     
Adjusted EBITDA Margin - continuing operations
6.7%
                     
4.2%
                   
7.2%
                      
6.3%
                           
Reconciliation of net income (loss) to EBITDA and Adjusted 
EBITDA - Continuing operations
Three months ended December 31,
Twelve months ended December 31,
(in $000's)
2022
2021
2022
2021
Net Income from discontinued operations
10,673
$               
645
$                   
18,804
$                
5,230
$                       
Adjustments:
   Income tax expense
597
                       
(435)
                    
2,850
                     
1,358
                          
   Amortization and depreciation
56
                         
200
                      
445
                        
653
                             
EBITDA - discontinued operations
11,326
$               
410
$                   
22,099
$                
7,241
$                       
EBITDA Margin - discontinued operations
681.1%
17.5%
218.6%
64.7%
Adjustments:
Provision for expected credit loss
-
                        
78
                        
15
                          
112
                             
Reorganization costs
-
                        
-
                       
-
                         
101
                             
(Gain) loss on sale of discontinued operations
(8,674)
                  
-
                       
(8,674)
                   
475
                             
Adjusted EBITDA - discontinued operations
2,652
$                 
488
$                   
13,440
$                
7,929
$                       
Adjusted EBITDA Margin - discontinued operations
159.5%
20.9%
133.0%
70.9%
Adjusted EBITDA excl. unrealized gains on derivatives
176
$                     
646
$                   
6,013
$                  
5,213
$                       
Adjusted EBITDA margin excl. unrealized gains on derivatives
10.6%
                   
27.6%
59.5%
46.6%
Reconciliation of net income to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA - 
Discontinued operations
Three months ended December 31,
Twelve months ended December 31,
76

Management’s Discussion and Analysis 
 
 
 
8 
 
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS 
Launch of New Three Year Strategy 
At the start of 2023, the Company launched its new three year ‘Let’s Grow Better’ strategy designed to create value for all 
stakeholders in the business. The focus of the strategy is to deliver profitable growth by way of a targeted go-to-market plan, 
enhance gross margins and cash flow, and leverage a scalable platform to support the next stage of growth. The Company 
plans on sharing details of the strategy in the coming months.  
Sale of Bullfrog Power Inc. 
On November 30, 2022, the Company sold its Bullfrog Power Inc. (“Bullfrog”) business unit, a wholly owned subsidiary, for 
total all-cash proceeds of up to $35.0 million. Proceeds from the transaction were used to reduce debt and fund working 
capital needs. At September 30, 2022, Bullfrog was classified as a discontinued operation. 
Amendment to Credit Facility 
On November 30, 2022, the Company entered into a new Amended and Restated Credit Agreement with its Lender. Key 
terms of this Agreement are as follows:  
a) 
The maturity date of this new facility was extended to September 30, 2024 and will be amortized over an 8-year 
period with quarterly repayments of $1.1 million, reduced from previously $2.1 million per quarter; 
  
b) 
Achieve a minimum cumulative monthly EBITDA at the end of each calendar month through March 31, 2023;   
c) 
Maintain incremental interest rate margin of 1.00% on facility advances in place from April 29, 2022 through March 
31, 2023;  
d) 
Subsequent to the 2022 fiscal year, maintain certain covenants on a 12-month rolling quarterly basis, including:    
• 
Minimum fixed charge coverage ratio of 1.00 for the quarter ended March 31, 2023, as revised subsequent to 
the year end, increasing to 1.25 for each fiscal quarter thereafter;  
• 
Maximum total senior debt to EBITDA ratio based on the most recently completed four fiscal quarters of 
3.25:1.00;  
• 
Maximum total debt to EBITDA ratio based on the most recently completed four fiscal quarters of 3.75:1.00.  
As at December 31, 2022, the Company was in compliance with the financial covenants in effect in its credit facility, being 
the minimum cumulative monthly EBITDA covenant. 
The Company is required to comply with certain covenants, terms and conditions under the credit facilities. As a result, 
management has determined that it would be prudent to disclose that there is a material uncertainty related to events or 
conditions that may cast significant doubt on the entity's ability to continue as a going concern and, therefore, that it may be 
unable to realize its assets and discharge its liabilities in the normal course of business. 
 
ERP Migration 
In September 2022, the Company migrated its first business unit on to the new Enterprise Technology platform (US Technical 
Services). The new platform is expected to streamline processes across the organization, improve operational and financial 
reporting, and deliver operational efficiences.  
In January 2023, the Company migrated its Renewables US business unit on to the new Enterprise Technology platform. 
The Company expects to migrate the Canadian business units later in 2023. 
 
 
 
 
77

Management’s Discussion and Analysis 
 
 
 
9 
 
Business Integration 
Through the second half of 2022, the Company completed its business-wide integration initiative to consolidate Spark 
Power’s operating enterprise across all lines of business to achieve synergies and optimize financial performance.  
This action is expected to unify our go-to-market strategy across the enterprise, unlock operational efficiencies in our 
management structure, simplify business processes while eliminating complexity, and provide for more enhanced service 
delivery across the markets it serves. 
During the year, the Company recorded $2.0 million related to reorganization costs as part of the integration program. 
Rights Offering and Private Placement 
On January 31, 2022, the Company completed a rights offering (“Rights Offering”) and private placement raising $39.6 
million in new capital.  
Upon closing of the Rights Offering, the Company issued approximately 24,674,133 common shares of the Company 
(“Common Shares“) at a price of $1.20 per Common Share for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $29.6 million. 
Pursuant to the terms of the Rights Offering, each eligible shareholder is entitled to subscribe for 0.4393346119 of a Common 
Share for every right held by such shareholder. 
For the private placement, the Company issued 8,333,333 Common Shares at a price of $1.20 per Common Share for 
aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $10.0 million. The entire Private Placement was subscribed for by funds 
managed by Stornoway Portfolio Management Inc. (“Stornoway”). 
The Company used a portion of the net proceeds to (i) repay certain indebtedness under the various promissory notes held 
by the First Standby Guarantors in connection with past acquisitions and (ii) to satisfy an earn-out payment that was owing 
by the Company. The balance of the proceeds were used to reduce its line of credit to support working capital purposes. 
COVID-19 Pandemic 
The COVID-19 pandemic and its variants continued to disrupt global health and impact economic conditions. The Company 
maintained its business continuity plans to ensure appropriate measures, procedures and protocols were in place to 
safeguard service to our customers while prioritizing employee, customer and vendor safety. 
With the resurgence of COVID-19 driven by the impact of new variants in the beginning of 2021, the Company once again 
realized year-on-year revenue declines in its some of its Technical Services operations. These lower revenues, along with 
the impact of ongoing COVID protocols, continued to impact gross margin realizations through 2021, albeit to a lesser extent. 
During the first quarter of 2022, the Company continued to experience the effects of the pandemic on the operational 
efficiencies within its business units. Furthermore, the Company has realized significant inflationary price increases for 
certain of its key cost inputs resulting in downward pressure on gross margins. The Company has introduced certain pricing 
measures, including commodity surcharges and billable rate increases, to offset the impact on gross margins. The Company 
continues to closely monitor price inflation and the impact on key costs inputs and will continue to pursue pricing measures 
to the extent possible moving into 2023. 
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS  
Results of continuing operations for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2022, reflect the benefits of the gross 
margin expansion and integration initiatives executed through the year to counter the rising costs of inflation and streamline 
the business operations as the Company scales for growth. Moreover, the Company continues to proactively implement 
pricing actions to counter act any ongoing cost increases. The fourth quarter is historically impacted by lower volumes due 
to seasonal demand and higher quoted work mix that results in lower gross margin realization.   
 
 
 
 
 
 
78

Management’s Discussion and Analysis 
 
 
 
10 
 
Revenue 
Revenue is broken down by segment as follows ($000’s): 
 
Revenue for the three months ended December 31, 2022, was $64.5 million reflecting more modest growth overall, 
compared with $63.1 million in the fourth quarter of 2021, representing an increase of $1.4 million or 2.3%. The primary 
reason for the change was due to strong growth in Technical Services of $2.7 million or 6.5% tied to higher volumes in 
Canada, offset with lower volumes in our Renewables business of $1.2 million or 5.3% due to large project work in the prior 
period in the Wind segment.  
Revenue for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, was $272.3 million, compared with $244.6 million in the same 
period in 2021, representing an increase of $27.7 million or 11.3%. The increase was attributable to strong growth in 
Technical Services of $17.9 million or 10.9% and ongoing Renewables revenue growth of $10.3 million or 13.0% related to 
strong growth in our Solar segment in the US. 
Organic revenue growth is broken down as follows: 
 
Government Grants 
When the COVID-19 pandemic struck in early 2020, the Company experienced a disruption in its operations due to 
restrictions implemented by the federal, state and provincial governments in relation to this outbreak. Both the Canadian and 
US governments responded to the expected economic crisis by announcing payroll subsidies.  
Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy 
In April 2020, the Government of Canada announced the Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy (“CEWS”) in order to help 
employers keep and/or return Canadian-based employees to payrolls in response to challenges posed by the COVID-19 
pandemic.  
(in $000's)
2022
2021
$ Growth
% Growth
Technical Services
43,575
$        
40,917
$        
2,658
$         
6.5%
         
Renewables
20,702
          
21,860
           
(1,158)
          
(5.3%)
        
Corporate
241
                
309
                
(68)
                
(22.0%)
     
Total
64,518
$        
63,086
$        
1,432
$         
2.3%
         
2022
2021
$ Growth
% Growth
Technical Services
181,653
$      
163,781
$      
17,872
$       
10.9%
       
Renewables
89,333
          
79,055
           
10,278
         
13.0%
       
Corporate
1,291
             
1,788
             
(497)
             
(27.8%)
     
Total
272,277
$      
244,624
$      
27,653
$       
11.3%
       
Three months ended December 31
Twelve months ended December 31
79

Management’s Discussion and Analysis 
 
 
 
11 
 
During the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2021, the Company recognized $nil and $2.5 million, respectively, 
which was recorded against segment cost of sales and SG&A expenses to which they are related. There was no CEWS 
funding in 2022. 
  
 
Skills Development Funding  
During the second quarter of 2021 the Company received approval for a $5.3 million grant from the Government of Ontario 
Skills Development Fund to support employee training and advancement initiatives within the Company. With this funding 
the Company implemented a one-year program between April 2021 and March 2022 whereby the funds were utilized through 
this period on programs and initiatives previously approved by the Government of Ontario. The Company would be required 
to return any funds not utilized in accordance with the program criteria and timelines. At the end of 2022, the Company had 
received funding towards this grant of $4.8 million which has fully been utilized to fund expenditures approved under the 
program and interest on the funds earned and received was insignificant. The Company has received all funding related to 
this grant as at December 31, 2022.  
During the second quarter of 2022 the Company received approval for a $3.4 million grant from the Government of Ontario 
Skills Development Fund to support employee training and advancement initiatives within the Company. With this funding 
the Company implemented a one-year program between April 2022 and March 2023 whereby the funds need to be utilized 
through this period on programs and initiatives previously approved by the Government of Ontario. At the end of the year 
the Company had received funding towards this grant of $1.9 million of which $1.5 million has been utilized to fund 
expenditures approved under the program. The balance of $0.4 million has been included in bank indebtedness. 
Cost of Sales and Gross Profit 
 
For the three months ended December 31, 2022, gross profit, inclusive of depreciation and amortization increased $4.5 
million to $12.5 million as compared to $8.0 million in the same period in 2021. Gross profit margins were 19.4%, up from 
12.7% in the fourth quarter of 2021 resulting in an increase in gross margin realization of 6.7%. Gross profit excluding 
depreciation and amortization increased $5.0 million to 24.9% of revenue resulting in a 7.4% increase in gross margin 
realizations. The primary reasons for the change were related to improving revenue mix as the Company shifts focus to 
higher margin service work combined with the impact of cost inflation increases in the prior year.  
For the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, gross profit, inclusive of depreciation and amortization increased $9.7 
million to $54.8 million as compared to $45.2 million in the same period in 2021. Gross profit margins were 20.1%, up from 
18.5% in the same period in 2021 resulting in an increase in gross margin realization of 1.6%. Gross profit excluding 
depreciation and amortization increased to 24.9% of revenue from 23.2% in the same period in 2021 resulting in a 1.7% 
increase in gross margin realizations. The increase reflects the benefits of the gross margin expansion initiatives executed 
through the year combined with improving revenue mix and the impact of estimate updates in the prior year. Partially 
offsetting this are the government grants under the CEWS and Paycheck Protection programs of $2.1 million recognized in 
the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 as compared to $nil in the twelve months ended December 31, 2022. 
 
 
 
 
 
Tweleve months ended December 31, 2021
Technical 
Services
Renewables
Corporate
Total
Canadian Emergency Wage Subsidy 
Cost of sales
1,786
                  
273
                      
-
                       
2,059
                  
Selling, general and administrative
236
                      
74
                        
139
                      
449
                      
Total 
2,022
$                
347
$                   
139
$                   
2,508
$                
(in $000s)
$
%
$
%
$
%
$
%
Revenue
64,518
$      
63,086
$      
272,277
$    
244,624
$    
Cost of sales
52,033
         
80.6%
55,085
         
87.3%
217,430
      
79.9%
199,446
      
81.5%
Gross profit
12,485
$      
19.4%
8,001
$         
12.7%
54,847
$      
20.1%
45,178
$      
18.5%
Depreciation and amortization included in cost of sales
3,578
           
3,057
           
12,828
         
11,635
         
Gross profit, excluding depreciation and amortization
16,063
$      
24.9%
11,058
$      
17.5%
67,675
$      
24.9%
56,813
$      
23.2%
Three months ended December 31
Twelve months ended December 31
2022
2021
2022
2021
80

Management’s Discussion and Analysis 
 
 
 
12 
 
Components of cost of sales were as follows: 
 
During the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2022, labour costs were $26.4 million and $102.7 million, 
respectively, as compared to $24.5 million and $89.5 million in the same period in 2021. These costs in the three and twelve 
months ended December 31, 2022 were offset by $nil and $nil, respectively as compared to $nil and $2.1 million, respectively 
in the same period in 2021 in government grants under the CEWS and Paycheck Protection programs. The increase in 
labour costs is related to revenue growth and the improved mix of service work.  
During the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2022, vehicle costs and travel increased to $9.0 million or 14.0% 
of revenue and $34.4 million or 12.6% of revenue, respectively from $8.2 million or 13.0% of revenue and $28.4 million or 
11.6% of revenue in the same period of 2021. The increase is related to an increase in travel in our Technical Services group 
tied to revenue growth and higher vehicle and fuel costs in our Renewables segment tied to cost inflation and increased 
servicing of remote sites. Price increases and commodity surcharges have been implemented throughout the year to offset 
such cost increases.  
During the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2022, materials decreased to $10.3 million or 16.0% of revenue 
and increased to $53.2 million or 19.5% of revenue, respectively, from $15.4 million or 24.4% of revenue and $52.8 million 
or 21.6% of revenue in the same period of 2021. The decrease in materials mix in the three and twelve months ended 
December 31, 2022 is driven by project mix as the Company focuses on higher margin service work and becomes more 
selective on larger-scale projects requiring more materials.  
During the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2022, subcontractor costs decreased to $3.3 million or 5.1% of 
revenue and $14.9 million and 5.5% of revenue, respectively, from $3.9 million or 6.2% of revenue and $17.2 million or 7.0% 
of revenue in the same period of 2021. The decrease compared to prior year is due to a change in project mix in our Technical 
Services segment with fewer large-scale projects requiring additional third-party labour.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
40.9%, 
$26,380
38.9%, 
$24,509
37.7%, 
$102,695
36.6%, 
$89,494
16.0%, 
$10,308
24.4%, 
$15,410
19.5%, 
$53,163
21.6%, 
$52,770
5.1%, 
3,295 
6.2%, 
3,931 
5.5%, 
14,940 
7.0%, 
17,159 
14.0%, 
$9,018
13.0%, 
$8,178
12.6%, 
$34,350
11.6%, 
$28,388
4.7%, 
$3,032
4.8%, 
$3,057
4.5%, 
$12,282
4.8%, 
$11,635
 -
 50,000
 100,000
 150,000
 200,000
 250,000
Q4 2022
Q4 2021
YTD-2022
YTD-2021
Cost of sales for the three months and twelve months ended December 31
(in $000's)
Labor
Materials
Subcontractors
Vehicle costs and travel
Depreciation & Amortization
81

Management’s Discussion and Analysis 
 
 
 
13 
 
Selling, General and Administration Expense 
For the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2022, SG&A expenses decreased to $13.7 million or 21.2% of revenue 
and increased to $56.0 million or 20.6% of revenue, respectively, from $16.2 million or 25.7% of revenue and $55.8 million 
or 22.8% of revenue in the same period of 2021. SG&A excluding depreciation and amortization was $11.2 million or 17.3% 
of revenue and $48.2 million or 17.7% in the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2022 as compared to $14.3 
million or 22.7% of revenue and $48.0 million or 19.6% over the same period in 2021. The decrease in the three months 
ended December 31, 2022, reflects the benefits of the cost actions executed earlier in the year combined with one-time 
provisions recorded in the prior period. 
  
Components of SG&A costs were as follows: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(in $000s)
%
$
%
$
%
$
%
Revenue
64,518
$            
63,086
$            
272,277
$          
244,624
$          
Selling, general and administrative expenses
13,690
               
21.2%
16,242
               
25.7%
55,984
               
20.6%
55,799
               
22.8%
Depreciation and amortization included in selling,
    general and administrative expenses
2,520
                 
1,918
                 
7,813
                 
7,808
                 
SG&A, excluding depreciation and amortization
11,170
               
17.3%
14,324
               
22.7%
48,171
               
17.7%
47,991
               
19.6%
Three months ended December 31
Twelve months ended December 31
2022
2021
2022
2021
13.3%, 
$8,417 
8.1%, 
$5,238 
2.6%, 
$1,611 
1.6%, 
$1,018 
0.3%, 
$179 
0.8%, 
$508 
0.6%, 
$367 
1.1%, 
$696 
5.9%, 
$3,750 
5.8%, 
$3,710 
3.0%, 
$1,918 
3.9%, 
$2,520 
$0
$2,000
$4,000
$6,000
$8,000
$10,000
$12,000
$14,000
$16,000
$18,000
2021
2022
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended December 31 (in $000's)
Salaries and benefits
Director and professional fees
Rent and property taxes
Travel, meals and entertainment
Office and other general
Depreciation and amortization
11.8%, 
$28,903 
9.5%, 
$25,907 
1.4%, 
$3,535 
1.2%, 
$3,314 
0.4%, 
$969 
0.7%, 
$1,851 
0.9%, 
$2,240 
0.9%, 
$2,547 
5.0%, 
$12,344 
5.3%, 
$14,552 
3.2%, 
$7,808 
2.9%, 
$7,813 
$0
$10,000
$20,000
$30,000
$40,000
$50,000
$60,000
2021
2022
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the twelve months ended December 31 (in $000's)
Salaries and benefits
Director and professional fees
Rent and property taxes
Travel, meals and entertainment
Office and other general
Depreciation and amortization
82

Management’s Discussion and Analysis 
 
 
 
14 
 
During the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2022, salaries and benefits costs decreased to $5.2 million and 
$25.9 million from $8.4 million and $28.9 million in the same period in 2021. During the three and twelve months ended 
December 31, 2022, salaries and benefits were offset by $nil and $nil million, respectively, by government grants under the 
CEWS and Paycheck Protection programs announced in April 2020 as compared to $nil and $0.5 million during the three 
and twelve months ended December 31, 2021. Salaries and benefits as a percentage of revenue was down by 5.2% for the 
three months ended December 31, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021 reflecting the benefits of the cost actions 
taken through the first half of the year to rationalize S,G&A headcount combined with year end provisions recorded in the 
prior period. 
 
Office and other general costs during the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2022, were $3.7 million or 5.8% of 
revenue and $14.6 million or 5.3% of revenue, respectively as compared to $3.8 million or 5.9% of revenue and $12.3 million 
or 5.0% of revenues in the same period of 2021. The increases were primarily due to higher insurance costs and higher 
computer expenses related to the ERP migration.  
Rent and property costs during the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2022, were $0.5 million or 0.8% of revenue 
and $1.9 million or 0.7% of revenue, respectively as compared to $0.2 million or 0.3% of revenue and $1.0 million or 0.4% 
of revenues in the same period of 2021. The increase was primarily due to overlapping rent costs for the fourth quarter 
related to our head office move. 
Depreciation and amortization costs included in SG&A during the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2022, were 
$2.5 million or 3.9% of revenues and $7.8 million or 2.9% of revenue, respectively as compared to $1.9 million or 3.0% of 
revenue and $7.8 million or 3.2% of revenue in the same period of 2021.     
 
Reorganization and transaction costs 
Reorganization costs for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2022, was $0.2 million and $2.0 million, 
respectively compared to $1.9 million and $3.4 million in the same period in 2021. Reorganization costs in 2022 relate 
primarily to severances paid and accrued related to the Company’s business integration program to reduce overhead costs. 
Transaction costs for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2022, was $0.3 million and $1.3 million, respectively, 
as compared to $0.6 million and $2.1 million in the comparable period in 2021. Transaction costs in 2022 related primarily 
to professional fees associated with the rights offering. Transaction costs related to the Bullfrog sale have been recorded as 
part of discontinued operations. 
Amortization and Depreciation and Finance Costs 
Amortization and depreciation, included in cost of goods sold and SG&A expenses, for the three and twelve months ended 
December 31, 2022, was $6.1 million and $20.6 million compared with $5.0 million and $19.4 million over the same period 
in 2021.  
Finance costs for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2022, were $2.7 million and $8.4 million as compared 
to $2.2 million and $7.1 million during the same period of 2021. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
83

Management’s Discussion and Analysis 
 
 
 
15 
 
BUSINESS SEGMENTS 
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – By Reportable Business Segment 
The Company has structured its reportable business segments as detailed below. Management believes that this 
segmentation reflects how the business is managed and provides a clearer understanding, for both management and other 
users of the financial information, of the businesses with different growth opportunities, revenue profiles and historical 
earnings performance and potential. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Technical Services Segment 
The Technical Services segment is segregated by region, Canada East, Canada West, and USA, and includes all low-
voltage services (New Electric brand and 3-Phase), high-voltage services (Spark Power High Voltage and Orbis) and all new 
and used equipment sales and service (Lizco brand). 
 
The financial results for the Technical Services segment for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2022 and 
2021 were as follows: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(in $000's)
Three months ended December 31
Twelve months ended December 31
2022
2021
Change
2022
2021
Change
Revenue
43,575
$               
40,917
$               
2,658
$             
181,653
$            
163,781
$            
17,872
$              
Cost of sales
34,417
                 
36,351
$               
(1,934)
$            
145,141
               
136,645
$            
8,496
$                
Gross profit
9,158
                   
4,566
$                 
4,592
$             
36,512
                 
27,136
$              
9,376
$                
Gross profit margin
21.0%
11.2%
9.9%
                
20.1%
16.6%
3.5%
                    
Gross profit margin, excluding depreciation 
and amortization
30.6%
20.9%
9.7%
                
28.9%
25.9%
3.0%
                    
Selling, general and administration
6,469
                   
6,527
                   
(58)
                    
25,272
                 
25,271
                
1
                           
Provision for expected credit loss
1,500
                   
439
                       
1,061
               
1,769
                   
518
                      
1,251
                   
Reorganization costs
23
                         
98
                         
(75)
                    
266
                       
569
                      
(303)
                     
Foreign exchange (gain) loss
(277)
                     
7
                           
(284)
                 
(270)
                     
239
                      
(509)
                     
Segment profit
1,443
                   
(2,505)
                  
3,948
               
9,475
                   
539
                      
8,936
                   
Segment EBITDA
5,607
$                 
1,473
$                 
4,134
$             
25,487
$               
15,800
$              
9,687
$                
Segment EBITDA %
12.9%
3.6%
9.3%
                
14.0%
9.6%
4.4%
                    
INTEGRATED POWER SOLUTIONS 
CANADA 
EAST 
 
CANADA 
WEST 
 
USA 
 
RENEWABLES 
TECHNICAL 
SERVICES 
 
CORPORATE 
84

Management’s Discussion and Analysis 
 
 
 
16 
 
Results for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2022 
 
Revenue during the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2022, increased by 6.5% and 10.9%, respectively, over 
the same period in 2021. The increase in the three months ended December 31, 2022 was related to volume growth in the 
Low Voltage segment while the increase in the twelve months ended was related to growth in the High Voltage segment 
combined with larger projects carried forward from 2021. 
Gross profit during the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2022, increased by 100.6% and 34.6%, respectively, 
as compared to the same period in 2021. The increase during the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2022, was 
due to improving revenue mix related to higher margin service work combined with the impact of estimate updates in the 
prior year. 
SG&A expenses during the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2022, decreased by $0.1 million and $nil, 
respectively, over the same period in 2021. The decrease during the three months ended December 31, 2022 reflects the 
cost actions taken to rationalize S,G&A expenses.   
For the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2022, Segment EBITDA increased by 4.1 million or 280.7% and $9.7 
million or 61.3%, respectively, over the same period in 2021. The increase related to the factors mentioned above. 
$91,757
$92,011
$6,892
$9,269
$66,165
$85,367
$32,286
$32,942
$5,859
$4,275
$1,739
$1,364
 -
 10,000
 20,000
 30,000
 40,000
 50,000
 60,000
 70,000
 80,000
 90,000
 100,000
YTD 2021
YTD 2022
Q4- 2021
Q4- 2022
Technical Services Revenue (in $000's)
Equipment
High Voltage
Low Voltage
85

Management’s Discussion and Analysis 
 
 
 
17 
 
Renewables Segment 
The Renewables segment includes all operations and maintenance services under the One Wind and Northwind brands. 
 
 
 
Results for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2022 
  
 
Revenue during the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2022, decreased by 5.3% and increased by 13.0%, 
respectively, over the same period in 2021. The decrease for the three months ended December 31, 2022 is primarily related 
to significant large Wind projects in prior year offset by growth in the Solar segment, in particular the US market. The increase 
for the twelve months ended is reflective of the ongoing growth opportunities in the Renewables segment, in particular in the 
US market. 
Gross profit for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2022, decreased by 1.3% and increased by 4.9% as 
compared to the same period in 2021. The increase for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 was due to higher 
volumes in our Solar segment partially offset by lower margin realization in our Wind segment. 
(in $000's)
Three months ended December 31
Twelve months ended December 31
2022
2021
Change
2022
2021
Change
Revenue
20,702
$            
21,860
$            
(1,158)
$             
89,333
$            
79,055
$            
10,278
$            
Cost of sales
17,616
               
18,734
               
(1,118)
                
72,289
               
62,801
               
9,488
                 
Gross profit
3,086
                 
3,126
                 
(40)
                     
17,044
               
16,254
               
790
                    
Gross profit margin
14.9%
14.3%
0.6%
                  
19.1%
20.6%
(1.5%)
                 
Gross profit margin, excluding depreciation and 
amortization
17.9%
16.2%
1.8%
                  
21.5%
22.5%
(0.9%)
                 
Selling, general and administration
2,506
                 
2,167
                 
339
                    
9,671
                 
8,007
                 
1,664
                 
Reorganization costs
43
                       
-
                     
43
                       
512
                    
453
                    
59
                       
Foreign exchange (gain) loss
1,303
                 
133
                    
1,170
                 
(95)
                     
519
                    
(614)
                   
Segment gain on sale of asset
-
                     
-
                     
-
                     
-
                     
-
                     
-
                     
Segment profit
(766)
                   
826
                    
(1,592)
                
6,956
                 
7,275
                 
(319)
                   
Segment EBITDA
(140)
$                 
1,234
$               
(1,374)
$             
9,152
$               
8,794
$               
358
$                  
Segment EBITDA %
(0.7%)
                 
5.6%
(6.3%)
                 
10.2%
11.1%
(0.9%)
                 
$8,014
$6,621
$1,450
$1,024
$37,829
$27,246
$9,014
$5,913
$16,159
$18,970
$4,936
$5,248
$10,378
$29,276
$4,974
$8,290
$6,675 
$7,220 
$1,486 
$227 
 -
 5,000
 10,000
 15,000
 20,000
 25,000
 30,000
 35,000
 40,000
YTD-2021
YTD-2022
Q4 2021
Q4 2022
Renewables Segment Revenue ($000's)
BESS
Solar - US
Solar - Canada
Wind - US
Wind - Canada
86

Management’s Discussion and Analysis 
 
 
 
18 
 
SG&A expenses during the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2022, decreased by $0.3 million or 15.6% and 
increased by $1.7 million or 20.8%, respectively, over the same period in 2021. The increase in the twelve months ended 
December 31, 2022 is tied to revenue growth and to a lesser extent the government grant funding from the CEWS program 
in the twelve month period ended December 31, 2021 which was offset against related labour costs.  
Segment EBITDA for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2022, decreased by $1.4 million and increased by 
$0.4 million, respectively, as compared to the same period in 2021. The change is related to the factors mentioned above. 
Corporate Segment 
 
Results for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2022 
 
The Corporate segment incurs no costs related to revenues resulting in a gross profit that is equal to its revenue. The revenue 
relates to billings for management fees charged to the solar co-operatives managed by the Company. For the three and 
twelve months ended December 31, 2022, both revenue and gross profit decreased due to lower fees over the same period 
in 2021. 
SG&A expenses in three and twelve months ended December 31, 2022, decreased by $2.8 million or 37.5% and $1.5 million 
or 6.6%, respectively, over the same period in 2021. The decrease for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 
2022, is primarily due to lower salaries and benefits related to the cost actions taken through the year and year end provisions 
recorded in the prior year somewhat offset by higher computer related costs tied to the ERP migration and government grant 
funding from the CEWS program in the twelve month period ended December 31, 2021, which was offset against related 
labour costs.  
Corporate expenses are comprised of the following: 
(in $000’s)  
 
 
 
(in $000's)
Three months ended December 31
Twelve months ended December 31
2022
2021
Change
2022
2021
Change
Revenue
241
$                  
309
$                  
(68)
$                   
1,291
$               
1,788
$               
(497)
$                 
Gross profit
241
                    
309
                    
(68)
                     
1,291
                 
1,788
                 
(497)
                   
Gross profit margin
100.0%
100.0%
-
                     
100.0%
100.0%
-
                     
Selling, general and administration
4,715
                 
7,548
                 
(2,833)
                
21,041
               
22,521
               
(1,480)
                
Reorganization costs
132
                    
1,764
                 
(1,632)
                
1,270
                 
2,369
                 
(1,099)
                
Foreign exchange (gain) loss
1,036
                 
373
                    
663
                    
(259)
                   
197
                    
(456)
                   
Other expenses (income)
57
                       
(49)
                     
106
                    
57
                       
(49)
                     
106
                    
Segment loss
(5,699)
                
(9,376)
                
3,677
                 
(20,818)
             
(23,250)
             
2,432
                 
Segment EBITDA
(5,562)
$             
(8,824)
$             
3,262
$               
(19,467)
$           
(21,077)
$           
1,610
$               
$830
$947
$209
$2,056
$673
Three months ended 
December 31, 2022
Salaries and benefits
Director and professional fees
Travel, meals and entertainment
Office and administration
Depreciation and amortization
$3,694
$1,357
$285
$1,647
$565
Three months ended 
December 31, 2021
$8,579
$2,895
$827
$6,853
$1,887
Twelve months ended 
December 31, 2022
$11,548
$2,872
$584
$5,344
$2,173
Twelve months ended 
December 31, 2021
87

Management’s Discussion and Analysis 
 
 
 
19 
 
Discontinued Operations - Sustainability Solutions Segment  
On November 30, 2022, the Company sold its Bullfrog Power Inc. (“Bullfrog”) business unit, a wholly owned subsidiary for 
approximately $35.0 million to a third-party. Bullfrog was classified and presented as a discontinued operation as at 
December 31, 2022. The Bullfrog business represented the entirety of the Company’s Sustainability operating segment until 
November 30, 2022.  
The Sustainability Solutions segment consists of the operations of Bullfrog Power, a green energy provider, offering a 100% 
clean, renewable energy choice to Canadians. 
 
 
Results for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2022 
 
 
Revenue during the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2022, decreased by $0.7 million and increased by $1.1 
million, respectively, over the same period in 2021. The decrease in the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2022 
is related to the sale of the business on November 30, 2022. 
Gross profit for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2022, decreased 29.0% and increased 2.9%, respectively, 
over the same period in 2021. The decrease in the three months ended December 31, 2022 is related to the sale of the 
business on November 30, 2022 while the increase over the twelve month period is due to higher realized gross margins 
based on strong procurement channels to source environmental attributes at economical prices.  
SG&A expenses during the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2022, decreased 66.7% and 17.2%, respectively, 
over the same period in 2021. The decrease in the three months ended December 31, 2022 is related to the sale of the 
business on November 30, 2022.   
Change in fair value of financial instruments for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2022 is related to the 
power purchase arrangement offset by the change in a related hedge.   
Change in realized gain on settlement is related to settlement of energy contracts and hedge contracts under the terms of 
the power purchase arrangement.  
For the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2022, Segment EBITDA increased $1.6 million and $5.1 million over 
the same period in 2021 as a result of the factors noted above. 
 
Change in fair value of derivative instruments 
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company entered into a Power Purchase Agreement (“PPA”) for the 
purchase and sale of renewable energy and environmental attributes, including Certified Renewable Energy Certificates, for 
a period of seven years with an expected start date in the second quarter of 2021.   
During the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2022, the Company has recognized an unrealized gain (loss) in 
the change in fair value of the derivative asset with an estimated fair value of $1,989 and $6,765 respectively (three and 
twelve months ended December 31, 2021 – $488 and $3,918, respectively). At December 31, 2021, an  amount of $1,769 
was expected to be realized within the next twelve months and was recorded as a current asset.To offset any risk and 
volatility of this agreement, management entered into a related power swap arrangement to hedge the risk of changes in 
cash flows due to the fluctuations of power prices in the Alberta market. While this agreement economically hedges the risk 
of changes in cash flows due to fluctuations in power rates, hedge accounting has not been applied for these instruments. 
The unrealized gain (loss) in change in the fair value of the other derivative liability during the three and twelve months ended 
(in $000's)
Three months ended December 31
Twelve months ended December 31
2022
2021
Change
2022
2021
Change
Revenue
1,663
$               
2,338
$               
(675)
$                 
10,109
$            
11,191
$            
(1,082)
$             
Cost of sales
587
                    
822
                    
(235)
                   
2,830
                 
4,118
                 
(1,288)
                
Gross profit
1,076
                 
1,516
                 
(440)
                   
7,279
                 
7,073
                 
206
                    
Gross profit margin
64.7%
64.8%
(0.1%)
                 
72.0%
63.2%
8.8%
Selling, general and administration
472
                    
1,419
                 
(947)
                   
2,930
                 
3,538
                 
(608)
                   
Provision for expected credit loss
-
                     
16
                       
(16)
                     
15
                       
112
                    
(97)
                     
Change in fair value of financial instruments
(2,476)
                
158
                    
(2,634)
                
(7,427)
                
(2,716)
                
(4,711)
                
Change in realized loss (gain) on settlement
818
                    
113
                    
705
                    
(1,234)
                
(1,051)
                
(183)
                   
Reorganization costs
-
                     
-
                     
-
                     
-
                     
101
                    
(101)
                   
Foreign exchange (gain) loss
15
                       
(11)
                     
-
                     
15
                       
26
                       
(11)
                     
Segment profit
2,247
                 
(179)
                   
2,426
                 
12,980
               
7,063
                 
5,917
                 
Segment EBITDA
2,303
$               
21
$                    
2,282
$               
13,425
$            
7,716
$               
5,709
$               
Segment EBITDA %
138.5%
0.9%
137.6%
132.8%
68.9%
64.0%
88

Management’s Discussion and Analysis 
 
 
 
20 
 
December 31, 2022 of $487 and $662, respectively (three and twelve months ended December 31, 2021 – ($646) and 
($1,202), respectively) is based on the projected market values of similar contracts with similar remaining durations as if the 
contract has been entered into at end of each period. 
On March 9, 2022, the Company announced the signing of a second Power Purchase Agreement for the purchase and sale 
of renewable energy and environmental attributes, including Certified Renewable Energy Certificates. The agreement started 
during the second quarter of 2022.  
During the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized realized settlements on the PPA 
in the amount of $499 and $4,478, respectively offset by realized settlements on the hedge of $1,317 and $3,244 respectively 
for a net gain (loss) of ($818) and $1,234, respectively. 
 
FINANCIAL CONDITION, LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES 
Cash and Borrowing Capacity 
Bank indebtedness was $24.9 million at December 31, 2022, and was comprised of $26.1 million on the operating line and 
cash on hand of $1.1 million. This compares to bank indebtedness of $28.1 million net of cash on hand of $1.2 million at 
December 31, 2021. At December 31, 2022, the Company had additional borrowing capacity under the revolving line of 
credit of $6.9 million, as compared to $5.0 million as of December 31, 2021.  
 
We monitor our liquidity principally through cash and cash equivalents and available borrowing capacity under our revolving 
operating line of credit. Our primary uses of funds are for operating expenses, working capital requirements, capital 
expenditures and debt service requirements. 
 
Debt and Capital Structure 
The Company’s lending facility is comprised of two main components with details and terms as follows: 
    
 
On November 30, 2022, the Company entered into a new Amended and Restated Credit Agreement with its Lender. Key 
terms of this Agreement are as follows:  
a) 
The maturity date of this new facility was extended to September 30, 2024 and will be amortized over an 8-year 
period with quarterly repayments of $1.1 million, reduced from previously $2.1 million per quarter;  
 
b) 
Achieve a minimum cumulative monthly EBITDA at the end of each calendar month through March 31, 2023;   
 
c) 
Maintain incremental interest rate margin of 1.00% on facility advances in place from April 29, 2022 through March 
31, 2023;  
 
d) 
Subsequent to the 2022 fiscal year, maintain certain covenants on a 12-month rolling quarterly basis, including:    
• 
Minimum fixed charge coverage ratio of 1.00 for the quarter ended March 31, 2023, as revised subsequent to 
the year end, increasing to 1.25 for each fiscal quarter thereafter;  
• 
Maximum total senior debt to EBITDA ratio based on the most recently completed four fiscal quarters of 
3.25:1.00;  
• 
Maximum total debt to EBITDA ratio based on the most recently completed four fiscal quarters of 3.75:1.00.  
(in $000's)
Operating
Line
Term
Loan
Total
Amount
$35,000
$35,922
$70,922
Term
Committed
Committed
Interest rate  (i)
 Prime +
2.00% - 3.00% 
 Prime +
2.00% - 3.00% 
Maturity date
September 30, 2024
September 30, 2024
Repayment terms
Revolving
Quarterly payments with
remaining payable on maturity
Amount Drawn
$26,062
$35,922
$61,984
Letter of Credit 
2,000
-
2,000
Amount Available to be Drawn (ii) - December 31, 2022 
$6,938
-
$6,938
(i) - based on Debt:EBITDA ratio ranges with an incremental interest rate margin of 1.00% from April 29, 2022 through March 31, 2023.
(ii) - assumes maximum borrowing base available
89

Management’s Discussion and Analysis 
 
 
 
21 
 
As at December 31, 2022, the Company was in compliance with the financial covenants in effect in its credit facility, being 
the minimum cumulative monthly EBITDA covenant. 
 
Debt, including long-term debt, lease liabilities and promissory notes, decreased to $74.0 million at December 31, 2022 
from $94.6 million at December 31, 2021. Long-term debt is comprised of the following components: 
(in $000’s) 
 
The decrease in long-term debt for the period ended December 31, 2022, was attributable to a reduction in term debt funded 
by the proceeds from the sale of the Bullfrog business unit and the paydown of promissory notes with funds from the Rights 
Offering partially offset by an increase in the lease liability tied to our new head office lease.  
The Company monitors its capital structure in accordance with the covenants required under its credit facility and the 
availability of long-term capital to support growth opportunities. 
The outstanding balance under the revolving operating line fluctuates from quarter to quarter as it is drawn to finance working 
capital requirements, capital expenditures and acquisitions, and is repaid with funds from operations, dispositions or 
financing activities. 
Summary of Cash Flows 
The following table summarizes Spark Power’s cash flows for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2022: 
 
 
 
 
Cash flows from operating activities  
For the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2022, cash generated in operating activities from continuing 
operations increased by $1.0 million to $2.9 million and decreased by $18.3 million to ($7.7) million, respectively, as 
compared to cash generated of $1.9 million and $10.6 million in the same period in 2021. The main driver for the changes 
to cash flow from operations was attributable to the net change in working capital, deferred income taxes and net income.  
 
 
 
 
$35,922
$2,500
$35,532
December 31, 2022
Term debt, excluding financing fees
Other long-term debt
Promissory notes
Lease liability, including current portion
$62,459
$750
$10,738
$20,627
December 31, 2021
(in $000's)
2022
2021
2022
2021
Operating activities
2,876
$                    
1,921
$                    
(7,652)
$                   
10,615
$                  
Investing activities
(2,669)
                     
(691)
                         
(8,628)
                     
(5,599)
                     
Financing activities
(30,647)
                   
(2,563)
                     
(9,383)
                     
(3,475)
                     
Discontinued operations
30,440
                    
1,333
                       
25,663
                    
(1,541)
                     
Decrease (increase) in cash
-
                           
-
                           
-
                           
-
                           
Cash, beginning of period
-
                           
-
                           
-
                           
-
                           
Cash, end of period
-
$                         
-
$                         
-
$                         
-
$                         
Three months ended December 31
Twelve months ended December 31
90

Management’s Discussion and Analysis 
 
 
 
22 
 
Cash flows from investing activities 
For the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2022, cash used in investing activities was $2.7 million and $8.6 
million as compared to $0.7 million and $5.6 million in the same period in 2021. The purchase of property, plant and 
equipment increased by $1.3 million and decreased by $1.1 million, respectively, for the three and twelve months ended 
December 31, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021.The Company also had investments of $4.1 million relating to 
the ERP migration, Spark’s technology and business process transformation initiative.  
Cash flows from financing activities 
For the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2022, cash used in financing activities was $30.6 million and $9.4 
million, respectively, as compared to cash used of $2.6 million and $3.5 million in the same period in 2021. The repayment 
of the term loan of $29.6 million is the primary reason for the increase in cash used for the three and twelve months ended 
December 31, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021. 
Cash flows from discontinued operations 
For the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2022, cash flow from discontinued operations activities increased by 
$29.1 million to $30.4 million and increased by $27.2 million to $25.7 million, respectively, as compared to cash flow of $1.3 
million and cash used of $1.5 million in the same period in 2021.   
External Factors Impacting Liquidity 
Please refer to the “Risks” section contained in the Spark Power Group Inc. Annual Information Form filed under the 
Company’s profile at www.sedar.com, for a description of circumstances that could affect our sources of funding. 
Working Capital and Adjusted Working Capital 
Working Capital includes accounts receivable, other receivable, HST receivable, government grant receivable, current 
portion of lease receivable, contract assets, inventory, current portion of derivative assets, and prepaid expenses and 
deposits, bank indebtedness, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, other derivative liability, income taxes payable, 
contract liability, and the current portions of long-term debt, promissory notes and lease liability. Adjusted Working Capital 
excludes the current portion of long-term debt, promissory notes and lease liability, and therefore provides management and 
investors with a clearer understanding of the efficiency of operational working capital needs absent working capital required 
as a result of capital structure.  
Spark Power’s main sources of liquidity have been cash generated from operating activities and borrowings under its credit 
facilities. At December 31, 2022, Working Capital (deficiency) and Adjusted Working Capital were 22.0 million and $37.0 
million, respectively, compared with ($63.9) million and $13.2 million, respectively at December 31, 2021. The change in 
adjusted working capital of $23.9 million was due primarily to an increase in contract assets and accounts receivable related 
to higher revenue growth and a decrease in accounts payable in part funded by the proceeds from the Rights Offering. 
The following table outlines how our working capital measures are determined: 
 
The Company believes that adjusted working capital provides a better understanding of period-on-period comparisons of 
results as it reflects the results of operations of companies. See “NON-IFRS MEASURES” at the end of this report. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(in $000's)
December 31
2022
December 31
2021
Working capital (deficiency)
21,992
$                          
(63,872)
$                         
Current portion of long-term debt
4,500
61,962
Current portion of promissory notes
2,500
10,738
Current portion of lease liability
8,057
6,643
Working capital from discontinued operations
-
                                   
2,297
Adjusted working capital
37,049
$                          
13,174
$                          
91

Management’s Discussion and Analysis 
 
 
 
23 
 
Adjusted working capital consists of the following: 
 
 
 
Outstanding Share Data 
The total number of fully diluted outstanding and issuable Common Shares is as follows: 
 
Warrants 
 
At December 31, 2022, the Company had 11,776,666 warrants outstanding. Each whole warrant gives the right to purchase 
1.10 Common shares at an exercise price of $3.14 per Common share over the term. These warrants have been measured 
using the Black-Scholes method. 
Stock options, Restricted share units, Deferred share units and Performance share units 
The Company has an Option Plan adopted and effective as of August 31, 2018. Under the terms of the Option Plan, directors, 
officers, employees and consultants, subject to certain conditions, may be granted options to purchase Common Shares of 
the Company. Options are priced in accordance with regulatory requirements and the plan generally expires after ten years, 
with vesting provisions stated in the plan. With the adoption of the Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan, at the annual and special 
meeting of shareholders on May 15, 2019, the Company has not issued any further options under the Option Plan and does 
not intend to do so. 
The Company has an Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan (“the Plan”). Under the terms of the plan, directors, officers, employees 
and consultants, subject to certain conditions, may be granted options to purchase Common Shares, Restricted Share Units 
(“RSU”), and Performance Share Units (“PSU”) of the Company. In addition, directors may be granted Deferred Share Units 
(“DSU”) of the Company. All equity compensation awards are priced in accordance with regulatory requirements and the 
terms of the plan. Options generally expire after five or ten years, with vesting provisions stated in the plan and per grant 
(in $000's)
December 31
2022
December 31
2021
Non-cash working capital balances
63,111
$                          
43,613
$                          
Operating line
(26,062)
(28,142)
Working capital from discontinued operations
-
                                   
2,297
Adjusted working capital
37,049
$                          
13,174
$                          
90,493,135 
11,776,666 
2,443,221 
241,705 
1,875,000 
1,250,000 
2,937,042 
December 31, 2022
Common shares
Warrants
Restricted share units
Deferred share units
Stock appreciation rights
Performance share units
Stock options
56,934,235 
11,776,666 
1,405,960 
81,186 
2,083,198 
December 31, 2021
92

Management’s Discussion and Analysis 
 
 
 
24 
 
agreements. RSU’s generally vest over 3 to 4 years or cliff vest after 3 years and are granted in accordance with the plan. 
The PSU’s granted to date vest over a 4 year period as performance conditions are achieved. The DSU’s vest immediately. 
The Plan provides for equity compensation awards to be issued to eligible participants so that they may participate in its 
growth and development. Subject to the specific provisions of the Plans, eligibility, vesting period, terms of the options, 
RSU’s and PSU’s and the number of equity awards granted are to be determined by the Board of Directors at the time of 
the grant. The Plan allows the Board of Directors to issue equity settled RSU’s, PSU’s and DSU’s, provided that, when 
combined, the maximum number of Common Shares reserved for issuance under all stock-based compensation 
arrangements of the Company does not exceed amounts available for issuance under regulatory guidelines. 
Share Appreciation Rights  
On September 16, 2020, the Company adopted a stock appreciation rights plan (the “SAR Plan”). The SAR Plan further 
aligns the Company’s strategic objective of value creation to the compensation of the senior management team of the 
Company. 
On September 20, 2022, the Company’s senior management team were granted 2,325,000 share appreciation rights, to be 
settled in cash, with an expiry date on January 1, 2027. The SARs vest on the occurrence of a change in control that achieves 
certain financial threshold, or upon satisfaction of the alternative vesting condition, provided both events occur prior to the 
expiry date. As at December 31, 2022, 1,875,000 share appreciation rights were outstanding.  
 
OUTLOOK  
Business & Operations Outlook 
As part of the recent Let’s Grow Better 2025 Strategy launch, management has been focused on rolling out the deeper 
tactical plans aligned with the strategic plan. These plans are tied directly to strategic workstreams laid out in the new 
strategy. A heavy focus in the early part of the launch has been focused around the commercial aspects of the strategy and 
more specifically, the new go-to-market plan. In the first quarter of 2023, management expects to have the new strategy fully 
launched Company-wide and expects to measure Company performance against the strategic plan starting with internal first 
quarter 2023 reporting. 
In addition to the extensive focus on its new strategic plan, the Company continues to prioritize on executing the balance of 
its turnaround plan actions announced throughout 2022. These actions include the ongoing focus and improvement of gross 
margin performance, cash conversion and working capital management. While the Company progressed well in 2022, 
management is committed to getting the organization performing with better predictability.   
Demand on Spark’s Renewables business segment continues to be strong. In the fourth quarter of 2022, Spark continued 
to experience positive gains in the booking of new customers. Its U.S. operations will see significant growth in its solar 
segment with the onboarding of several new long-term O&M customer under master service agreements, covering sites 
throughout the Southwest and West U.S. The pipeline of new opportunities for Spark’s operations and maintenance service 
offering expanded significantly for solar and battery storage systems in 2022. Spark expects to capture significant market 
opportunities with its expanded operations in the U.S., both in the field and with its enhanced Renewables Operating Centre 
(ROC) in Dallas, Texas. The new operating centre supports customers who require monitoring of their assets, mainly in solar 
and battery storage systems. Spark’s ROC is NERC certified and supports O&M agreements signed on larger, utility scale, 
power producing sites.  
Further, the U.S. Technical Services operations also experienced an improvement in its work mix with the onboarding of 
new customers aligned well with the targeted go-to-market plan. Towards the end of 2022, the Eastern Canadian Technical 
Services operations gained momentum with improved margins and an enhanced mix of backlog expected to continue to 
drive better margin performance. In Western Canada, the Company is ramping up activity with its largest Regulated Utility 
customer in Alberta as part of the three year contract renewal signed in the second quarter of 2022. Outside of the utility 
segment, the Western Canadian business underperformed on its ongoing market expansion in the industrial segment. 
Management has launched get well plans for each of the affected business units. Management anticipates improvements to 
backlog, overall revenue mix and margins in the latter part of first half of 2023 throughout Western Canada. 
In the first quarter of 2023, the Company executed it second go-live on it previously announced Project Darwin – integrated 
technology and business process platform. The U.S. Renewables operations came onto the new technology and business 
process platform in January. Spark’s entire U.S. operation is now live and operating in the integrated technology platform. 
The Canadian business operations will launch the new platform later in 2023. 
 
 
93

Management’s Discussion and Analysis 
 
 
 
25 
 
Financial Outlook 
With the growth in our business over the past few years, the diversification of our business, both on a geographic and industry 
basis, and the stabilization of COVID-19 related effects on the business, management has determined that it is now 
appropriate, and on a reasonable basis, to provide comments on certain key items that are expected to influence our 
business results through 2023.   
Management advises the reader that the following comments represent forward-looking information and are qualified by our 
forward-looking statement disclaimer set out in this management discussion and analysis. The following comments are also 
based on underlying assumptions on which management has relied, which in the view of management are reasonable in the 
circumstances:  
• 
The continued impact of COVID-19 protocols on demand and labor and equipment utilization will impact margin 
realizations, albeit to a lesser extent than prior years; 
• 
Pricing trends in key commodities such as copper, steel, aluminum and plastics that have seen significant price 
increases since late 2021 due to supply constraints and increasing price inflation, coupled with ongoing overall market 
inflation including labour, continue to impact full margin realization; 
• 
Demand for our services is expected to be reasonably strong barring any further infectious disease related mandates 
and/or economic slowdown that would impact any of our businesses providing non-essential services. 
Based on the foregoing, management currently expects the following range of performance targets for the Company in fiscal 
2023: 
• 
Moderate Revenue growth across key segments and markets; 
• 
Continued growth in our Renewables segment through 2023 is expected given expanding market demands in the 
Solar sector; 
• 
Operational gross margin realizations to continue to improve across most segments; 
• 
Selling, general and administration costs are expected to be in the range of $46.0 million to $47.0 million, excluding 
amortization and depreciation; and 
• 
Liquidity is expected to improve through the 2023 with improvements in net working capital  
Other financial metrics the Company also expects include: 
• 
Capital expenditures, excluding lease additions, between $6.5 and $7.5 million; 
• 
Lease payments in the range of $8.5 and $9.0 million; and 
• 
Interest expense (excluding the impact of IFRS 16 – leases) in the range of $6.0 to $7.0 million. 
 
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS, COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES 
 
Spark Power has no off-balance sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future material 
effect on the Company’s financial condition, revenue or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or 
capital resource. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
94

Management’s Discussion and Analysis 
 
 
 
26 
 
SUMMARY QUARTERLY FINANCIAL INFORMATION 
 
Note: (1) “Adjusted EBITDA” and Adjusted EBITDA marginare non-IFRS measures. Refer to Non-IFRS Measures” for definitions of these 
terms. (2) Q4 2022 net income excludes results of discontinued operations. 
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING JUDGEMENTS AND ESTIMATES 
The preparation of the Financial Statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make estimates and 
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at 
the date of the Financial Statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. 
Management is required to apply judgment and estimates in recognizing revenue, determination of appropriate provisions, 
including expected credit losses, useful lives of assets, valuation of equity transactions, valuation of business combinations, 
discount rate of lease liabilities, valuation of derivative financial instruments, impairment of property and equipment and 
intangible assets, and impairment of goodwill. By their nature, these judgments and estimates are subject to measurement 
uncertainty and are reviewed periodically and adjustments, if necessary, are made in the period in which they are identified. 
Actual results could differ from those estimates. 
Revenue recognition - The most significant judgments and estimates in recognizing revenue relate to the long-term 
construction and management contracts, as they are long-term in nature and contain consideration that is variable based on 
a number of uncertain factors, such as change orders, reserves set up for additional costs/overruns, etc. Also, the Company 
estimates progress towards completion and gross margins to be earned at the end of these construction contracts, where a 
change in these estimates may have a material impact on the overall revenue recognized for the period. 
Construction contracts – The Company determines the extent to which the estimate of variable consideration is constrained 
(and therefore excluded from the measurement of revenue) by considering historical trends and the lowest levels of annual 
incentive fees earned in the past.   
Management contracts – Key assumptions made in determining the estimate of the transaction price relating to management 
contracts include: 
• 
Cash flow projections for the per-project and per-kilowatt hour capacity are uniform in each year going forward; and 
• 
The number of licensees will not materially change over the remaining contract term. 
Expected credit losses – Expected credit losses associated with accounts receivable and contract assets require 
management to assess certain forward looking and macroeconomic factors to determine whether there is a significant 
increase in credit risk as well as the expected provision on the balance outstanding as at period-end.  
Onerous contracts – A contract is considered onerous when the unavoidable costs of meeting the obligations under the 
contract exceed the economic benefits expected to be derived from the contract. The determination of when to record a 
provision for an onerous contract is a complex process that involves management judgment about outcomes of future events 
and estimates concerning the nature, extent and timing of expected future cash flows and discount rates related to the 
contract. 
Useful lives of assets - Significant estimates in connection with these financial statements include the determination of the 
useful lives of property and equipment and intangible assets based on their expected depreciation rates. 
Lease liability – The lease liabilities associated with all property, equipment and vehicle leases are measured at the present 
value of expected lease payments and discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease, unless this is not readily 
(in $000's)
   Q4 2022
   Q3 2022
   Q2 2022
Q1 2022
Adjusted   
Q4 2021
Q4 2021
Adjusted   
Q3 2021
Q3 2021
Q2 2021
Q1 2021
Q4 2020
Revenue
64,518
$     
73,353
$     
72,938
$     
70,043
$     
68,464
$     
65,424
$     
72,497
$     
68,982
$     
65,372
$     
56,037
$     
66,865
$     
Gross Profit
12,485
18,326
16,878
13,564
13,257
9,517
18,690
12,710
15,851
14,173
18,523
19.4%
25.0%
23.1%
19.4%
19.4%
14.5%
25.8%
18.4%
24.2%
25.3%
27.7%
Income (Loss) from Operations
(5,022)
9,940
3,182
(2,139)
(7,057)
(10,797)
5,012
(1,479)
2,764
1,138
306
Net income (loss)
5,135
5,425
467
(3,257)
(14,136)
(17,876)
3,985
(2,862)
156
(712)
(3,306)
Adjusted EBITDA
6,972
14,864
10,398
2,775
2,516
2,516
10,264
10,264
7,350
7,295
8,873
Adjusted EBITDA Margin
10.8%
20.3%
14.3%
4.0%
3.7%
3.8%
14.2%
14.9%
11.2%
13.0%
13.3%
Adjusted LTM EBITDA
35,009
30,553
25,952
22,905
27,425
27,425
33,782
33,782
32,502
34,264
32,349
Adjusted LTM EBITDA Margin
12.5%
10.8%
9.1%
8.3%
10.6%
10.7%
13.0%
13.1%
13.0%
14.9%
14.2%
LTM Revenue
279,273
281,758
283,942
276,376
259,330
255,816
260,772
257,257
249,711
230,678
228,153
For the three months ended
95

Management’s Discussion and Analysis 
 
 
 
27 
 
determinable, in which case the Company’s incremental borrowing rate on commencement of the lease is used. The 
Company determines its incremental borrowing rate as the rate of interest it would have to pay to borrow over a similar term, 
and with a similar security, the funds necessary to obtain an asset of a similar value to the right-of-use asset in a similar 
economic environment. Additionally, management makes certain assumptions regarding the extension and termination 
options and termination value available within its lease arrangements to determine the overall lease term. This requires 
significant estimates and assumptions from management that may have an impact on the Financial Statements.   
Valuation of derivative financial – The estimated fair values of financial assets and liabilities are subject to measurement 
uncertainty due to their exposure to credit, liquidity and market risks. Furthermore, the Company may use derivative 
instruments, including power purchase arrangements, to manage commodity price, foreign currency and interest rate 
exposures. The fair value of these derivatives is determined using valuation models which require assumptions concerning 
the amount and timing of future cash flows, and discount rates.  
Management’s assumptions rely on external observable market data including quoted forward commodity prices and 
volatility, interest rate yield curves and foreign exchange rates. The resulting fair value estimates may not be indicative of 
the amounts realized or settled in current market transactions and, as such, are subject to measurement uncertainty. 
Impairment of property and equipment and intangible assets – At the end of each reporting period, the Company reviews 
the carrying amounts of property and equipment and intangibles to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. 
If any such indication exists, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the asset in order to determine the extent 
of the impairment loss, if any. The Company generally assesses impairment at the level of cash-generating units (“CGU”), 
which are the smallest identifiable groups of assets that generate cash inflows that are largely independent of cash inflows 
from other assets. Impairment is assessed by comparing the CGU’s carrying value with its net recoverable amount. The 
preparation of future cash flows requires management to make estimates and assumptions with respect to expected 
revenues and expenses, which are subject to change. 
Impairment of goodwill – The annual test of impairment of goodwill is completed based on management’s estimates of future 
performance of the related CGU based on past history and economic trends, plus estimates of the weighted average cost of 
capital. When circumstances warrant, impairment testing will be completed on a quarterly basis.  
 
For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill that is allocated to CGUs is compared to the net recoverable value of the 
CGU. The recoverable amount of each CGU was determined based on value-in-use calculations calculated using a 
discounted cash flow model based on a reasonable forecast of operations for each CGU. 
Various assumptions are used in forecasting the business the most significant of which include: 
• 
Discount rates – The discount rates reflect appropriate adjustments relating to market risk and risk factors specific to 
the business in general.  
• 
Revenue growth rates – Revenue growth rates assumed consider historical trends in the business unit, the general 
economic environment and managements views on business risks and opportunities that may exist that will impact the 
relevant CGUs. 
• 
Gross margin realizations – Gross margin realizations assumed for each CGU considers historical trends, recent 
trends impacted by current economic environment and business mix within the CGUs. Outside factors considered 
include the state of the general economy in the region and the impact of competitive forces on pricing and levels of 
investment in our customers’ businesses. 
The estimate of the recoverable amount for the CGUs is most sensitive to the assumptions noted above. Changes in any 
of these key inputs/assumptions could result in a significant change to the determination of goodwill impairment.  
Liquidity Risk – The Company makes estimates and assumptions concerning the future, including its projected compliance 
with debt covenants and potential for the disclosure of going concern indicators. Estimates and judgments are continually 
evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations on future events that are believed 
to be reasonable under the circumstances. Significant judgements and estimates surrounding future revenue growth rate 
assumptions and EBITDA realizations for each of its business units have the greatest impact on the potential for introducing 
additional liquidity risk as a result of debt covenant compliance requirements. The resulting accounting estimates and 
judgements may vary from actual results and could result in a risk of causing a change in presentation and/or disclosure in 
the future. 
Discontinued operations – A discontinued operation is a component of the entity that has been disposed of or is classified 
as held for sale and that represents a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations, is part of a single 
coordinated plan to dispose of such a line of business or area of operations, or is a subsidiary acquired exclusively with a 
view to resale. Judgement is required in determining the timing of classification to discontinued operations, and resulting 
assets held for sale. 
96

Management’s Discussion and Analysis 
 
 
 
28 
 
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS  
The Company has classified its financial instruments in accordance with IFRS into various categories as described in its 
accounting policies.   
The fair values of financial instruments are classified and measured according to the following three levels based on the fair 
value hierarchy. 
Level 1:  quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities 
Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability either directly or 
indirectly. 
Level 3:  inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data. There were no financial instruments 
carried at fair value categorized in Level 3 as at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. 
 
There were no transfers between levels during the period. 
The financial instruments recorded at fair value are the Interest Rate Swap arrangement and derivative financial instruments 
such as PPA and Hedge arrangements and are categorized as Level 2.   
The fair value of the Interest Rate Swap arrangement in a cumulative loss amount of $nil has been recorded to finance 
expense using Mark-to-Market (“MtM”) information as at December 31, 2021 from a third party. The Interest Rate Swap 
arrangement ended on September 30, 2021 and was not renewed. 
The Company does not have any financial instruments carried at fair value categorized in Level 3 as at period end. 
The carrying values of accounts receivable, other receivable, HST receivable, government grant receivable, contract assets, 
bank indebtedness, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, income taxes payable and contract liabilities approximate their 
fair values due to the immediate or short-term nature of these securities. 
The fair values of the borrowings approximate their carrying values as they are calculated based on the present value of the 
future principal and interest cash flows, discounted at the market rate of interest at the reporting date. The market rate of 
interest is determined by reference to similar liabilities.  
Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the 
financial instruments. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment 
and, therefore, cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates. 
Disclosure Controls and Procedures (“DC&P”) and Internal Controls over Financial 
Reporting (“ICFR”) 
Management is responsible for the design and operational effectiveness of DC&P and ICFR in order to provide reasonable 
assurance regarding the disclosure of material information relating to the Company. This includes information required to be 
disclosed in the Company’s annual filings, interim filings and other reports filed under securities legislation, as well as the 
reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with IFRS. 
Consistent with National Instrument 52-109, the Company’s CEO and CFO evaluate quarterly the DC&P and ICFR. As of 
December 31, 2022, the Company’s CEO and CFO concluded that the Company’s DC&P and ICFR were properly designed 
and were operating effectively other than as detailed below in the section “Material weakness”.  
Our internal controls over financial reporting are designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of 
financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with IFRS. Because of 
their inherent limitations, internal controls over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Therefore, even 
those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement 
preparation and presentation.  
Management has identified the material weakness outlined below: 
Material weakness 
The material weakness identified in our internal controls over financial reporting at December 31, 2022, is that we did not 
sufficiently design internal controls to provide the appropriate level of oversight regarding the review of the Company’s 
financial reporting. Consistent with our stage of development, we continue to rely on risk-mitigating procedures during our 
financial closing process in order to provide comfort that the financial statements are presented fairly in accordance with 
IFRS.   
97

Management’s Discussion and Analysis 
 
 
 
29 
 
Changes in internal controls over financial reporting 
Management has evaluated whether there were changes to our internal controls over financial reporting during the period 
ended December 31, 2022, that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal controls 
over financial reporting. Management has identified actions that have been implemented in the year and will continue to be 
improved upon to further refine and enhance the estimates surrounding revenue recognition and provisions. Actions include 
optimization of system generated activities and reporting and a more comprehensive monthly review process of estimations 
used in calculating the value of contract assets.   
RISK MANAGEMENT 
The Board of Directors has overall responsibility for the determination of the Company’s risk management objectives and 
policies while retaining ultimate responsibility for them. The Company is exposed to a variety of financial risks by virtue of its 
activities: market risk, risk from infectious diseases, credit risk, interest rate risk, liquidity risk and foreign currency risk. Except 
for risks highlighted by COVID-19 pandemic, the Company’s overall risk management program has not changed throughout 
the year and focuses on the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to minimize potential adverse effects on financial 
performance.   
Risk management is carried out by the finance department under policies approved by the Board of Directors. This 
department identifies and evaluates financial risks in close cooperation with management. 
Infectious Diseases 
Outbreaks or the threat of outbreaks of viruses or other infectious diseases or similar health threats may have a material 
adverse effect on the Company by causing operational and supply chain delays and disruptions (including as a result of 
government regulation and prevention actions), adverse effects on operational efficiency, including due to quarantine, testing 
and monitoring obligations, labour shortages and shutdowns, decreased demand, increased unrecoverable costs, declines 
in gross margin realizations, capital markets volatility, or other unknown but potentially significant impacts. Notwithstanding 
the phased reduction in restrictions in most jurisdictions following the peak of the COVID-19 variant in 2022, unexpected 
developments in financial markets, regulatory environments, supply chains, or supplier, employee, or customer behaviour 
and confidence may have adverse impacts on our financial results and condition, and business operations and reputation if 
another epidemic or pandemic-scale infectious disease arises, or if a mutation of the COVID-19 virus results in renewed 
government and private sector restrictions. The Company cannot accurately predict what future effects such conditions may 
have on its operations or financial results. In addition, a significant outbreak of contagious diseases in the human population 
could result in a widespread health crisis that could adversely affect the economies and financial markets of many countries, 
resulting in economic downturn that could result in a material adverse effect on the demand for the Company’s services, 
investor confidence, and general financial market liquidity, all of which may adversely affect the Company’s business and 
the market price of the Common Shares. Accordingly, any outbreak or threat of an outbreak of an epidemic disease or similar 
public health emergency could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, and results 
of operations. 
Credit risk  
Credit risk is the risk of a financial loss to the Company if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet 
its contractual obligation. The Company is mainly exposed to credit risk from credit sales. Management of the Company 
monitors the credit worthiness of its customers by performing background checks on all new customers focusing on publicity, 
reputation in the market and relationships with customers and other vendors.  
Further, management monitors the frequency of payments from Spark’s ongoing customers and performs frequent reviews 
of outstanding balances. The Company determines there to be an increase in credit risk when balances are outstanding for 
more than 60 days past the customers’ contractual payment terms. 
The Company considers a receivable to be in default when contractual payments are 120 days past due, except when they 
are within terms. However, in certain cases, the Company may also consider a financial asset to be in default when internal 
or external information indicates that the Company is unlikely to receive the outstanding contractual amounts in full before 
taking into account any credit enhancements held by the Company. 
Provisions for outstanding balances are set based on forward looking information; when there is a change in the 
circumstances of a customer that would result in financial difficulties as indicated through a change in credit quality or industry 
factors and create doubt over the receipt of funds. Such reviews of a customer’s circumstances are done on a continued 
basis through the monitoring of outstanding balances as well as the frequency of payments received. A receivable is 
completely written off once management determines the probability of collection to be not present. 
Further disclosures regarding accounts receivables are provided in Note 4 of the financial statements. 
The Company’s balances of bank indebtedness are subject the Company to credit risk. Bank indebtedness is held with a 
98

Management’s Discussion and Analysis 
 
 
 
30 
 
major Canadian bank which the Company believes lessens the degree of credit risk. Contract assets subject the Company 
to credit risk in the case of non-performance or disputes on performance. Contract assets are reviewed similar to receivables 
when deemed necessary. 
Interest rate risk 
Interest rate risk arises from the Company’s use of floating interest rate bearing debt securities. The Company may increase 
debt levels depending on the balance of financing in the future. If cash balances are higher than required for immediate 
requirements, the Company invests with a low-risk strategy in secure short-term deposits through major banks to earn 
interest income. 
The revolving facilities (Note 12 of the financial statements) bear interest at a variable rate; however, the balance of the lines 
is continually adjusted based on the balance held in the operating accounts, mitigating the Company’s interest rate risk. 
Therefore, the interest rate risk and cash flow exposure are not significant. The long-term debt also bears interest at a 
variable rate. For the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2022, if interest rates had been higher by 2% with all 
other variables held constant, net income would have been $0.4 million and $1.5 million lower, respectively. A decline in 
interest rates of 1.0% would have increased the Company’s net income by $0.2 million and $0.8 million, respectively. 
Liquidity risk 
Liquidity risk arises from the Company’s management of working capital and the finance charges and principal repayments 
on its debt instruments. It is the risk that the Company will encounter difficulty in meeting its financial obligations as they fall 
due. The Company’s policy is to ensure it will always have sufficient cash to allow it to meet its liabilities when they become 
due. The Board receives quarterly information regarding cash balances and cash flow projections. The liquidity risk of each 
subsidiary is managed centrally by the treasury function. Additional information related to liquidity risk is found in Note 2 and 
13 of the financial statements. 
Cost inflation risk 
Cost inflation risk arises from rapid increases in key costs inputs due to price inflation in the markets. Given the nature of 
certain customer contracts and the time required to introduce compensating price increases to our customer base, there 
may be a period of time where cost increases outpace the realized benefit of price increases. 
99

SPARK POWER HEAD OFFICE
1337 North Service Road East, Suite 200 
Oakville, Ontario L6H 1A7 Canada
1-833-775-7697
LISTING
SPG.TO 
SPG.WT
AUDITORS
BDO Canada LLP
TRANSFER AGENT
TSX Trust Company
ANNUAL AND MEETING 
OF SHAREHOLDERS
Thursday May 25, 2023 at 9am ET
The meeting will be held virtually. For attendance details, 
please review the Notice of Annual and General Meeting of 
Shareholders, which is available online through the System 
for Electronic Document Analysis and Retrieval (SEDAR) 
at sedar.com.
Additional information about Spark Power has been filed 
electronically with various securities regulators in Canada 
through SEDAR and is available online at sedar.com
CORPORATE 
INFORMATION