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TEKCAPITAL

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FY2024 Annual Report · TEKCAPITAL
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1
 
 
 
 
 
 
Annual Report &  
Accounts 2024 
 
31 December 2024 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
www.tekcapital.com
© 2025 Tekcapital plc, all rights reserved. 

 
 
2
 
 

 
 
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CONTENTS 
 
PAGE  
STRATEGIC REPORT  
4 
 
Overview & Highlights 
8 
 
Portfolio Review 
20 
 
Chairman’s Summary 
25 
 
Financial Review & Key Performance Indicators Board of Directors  
26 
 
Board of Directors 
 
                      DIRECTORS' REPORT 
28 
 
Directors’ Report 
32 
 
Corporate Governance 
 
OUR FINANCIALS 
36 
 
Independent auditor’s report 
46 
 
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income  
47 
 
Consolidated Statement of Financial Position  
48 
 
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity   
50 
 
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows 
51 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
83 
 
Company Statement of Financial Position  
84 
 
Company Statement of Changes in Equity   
85 
 
Notes to Company Financial Statements 
 
 
 
 

 
 
4
 
OVERVIEW & HIGHLIGHTS 
 
TEKCAPITAL TRANSFORMS UNIVERSITY DISCOVERIES 
INTO VALUABLE NEW PRODUCTS 
 
We find and invest in exciting new discoveries from our global university network that can 
enhance people’s lives.  We believe that when you couple commercial ready, strong 
university IP with star power management, vibrant companies can emerge. When we 
realise material exits, the Group’s goal is to distribute a portion of the proceeds as a special 
dividend to our shareholders. 
 
EXCEPTIONAL FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE 
 
In 2024, Tekcapital plc (the “Company”) and subsidiaries (the “Group” or “Tekcapital”) 
delivered strong performance, placing the Group at the front of the UK-listed IP 
commercialization and technology investment sector during a challenging year in the 
markets. Portfolio return and revenue surged in 2024 to US $21.2 million from a US $13.0 
million loss recorded in 2023.  
 
Profit after tax in 2024 rose to US $19.2m from a loss of US $15.7m in 2023, driven by an 
increase in total income coupled with a reduction of expenses. Overall, there was a 
~US $35m positive swing in profit after tax – underscoring the effectiveness of Tekcapital's 
strategic direction and the inherent value of its portfolio companies.  
 
Consistent with this, Net assets expanded from US $47.9m to US $70.1m, reflecting a 
46% year-over-year increase.  
 
• Net Assets US$70.1m (2023: US$47.9m) 
• NAV per share US$0.33 (2023: US$0.27) 
• Portfolio valuation US$61.5m (2023: US$41.1m) 
• Profit after tax: US$19.2m, resulting primarily from unrealised increase in the fair 
value of the portfolio (2023: loss of US$15.7m). 
 
   
The Group’s Net Assets are higher by approximately US $4.8m as compared to our 2024 
unaudited year-end portfolio update provided on 17 February 2025 due to the addition of 
a fair value of control premium attributed to Tekcapital’s majority stakes in Microsalt plc 
and GenIP plc. 
 
PORTFOLIO COMPANIES: IPOs, GROWING SALES & STRONG COMMERCIAL 
PROGRESS  
 
Demonstrating Tekcapital’s ability to successfully commercialise technologies, even in 
adverse markets, two of our Investment Portfolio companies (MicroSalt plc & GenIP plc) 
floated on AIM in 2024. As a result, four out of five portfolio companies are now public. In 
2024 only 10 companies completed IPO’s on AIM1.  
 
 
1 https://www.uhy-uk.com/insights/aim-shrinks-61-companies-202425-companies-left-aim-lowest-level-2001 
 

 
 
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Notable commercial success was achieved at the Investment Portfolio level driven by their 
strategic positioning and relevance to addressing pressing global needs with compelling 
new technologies. Our portfolio companies achieved many milestones during 2024, some 
of which included: 
 
• MicroSalt plc (“Microsalt”) secured recurring bulk purchases of its full-flavour, 
low-sodium salt, for multiple product lines from one of the world's largest food 
manufacturers. The Company also anticipates additional purchase orders for 
MicroSalt® from the same customer for additional product lines in 2025, and 
significant increases more broadly in its B2B sales volumes. 
• Innovative Eyewear Inc (“Innovative Eyewear”) continued to grow their sales in 
2024 and strengthened their balance sheet. They set the foundation for more 
growth with strong relationships with big box stores throughout the U.S. consistent 
with their focus on product placement with large national retailers. The well received 
launch of world's first smart safety eyewear, Lucyd Armor®, expanded Innovative 
Eyewear’s sales further. 
• Guident Ltd (“Guident”) progressed the integration of its remote monitoring and 
control software with several autonomous vehicle (“AV”) shuttle partners, and 
commenced a sales program to deliver security robots that will leverage its existing 
Remote Monitor and Control Centre (“RMCC”) in the future. This work has resulted 
in several new contracts in 2025 and a strong sales pipeline. 
• GenIP plc (“GenIP”) announced it has signed a commercial agreement with a 
leading Saudi Arabian research institution, GenIP's first client in the Kingdom. In 
addition, GenIP has received significant orders from organisations in the U.S., Latin 
America, South Africa, and Singapore for its GenAI analytic services. 
• Belluscura plc (“Belluscura”) continued its revenue growth in 2024. The 
Company also received Pricing Data Analysis and Coding ("PDAC") codes that 
allow Durable Medical Equipment distributers to claim reimbursement from 
Medicare for sales of DISCOV-R to patients. We believe that this is an important 
catalyst for future sales growth, and greatly contributes to the enterprise value of 
the business, when added to its previously received FDA clearance and deep 
patent portfolio rights. 
 
 
 
Tekcapital’s Portfolio Companies 2024 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
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OUTPERFORMING THE SECTOR 
Tekcapital plc's exceptional 2024 performance represents a compelling narrative of 
innovation and strategic foresight. The Company's ~46% increase in net assets to 
US$70.1m demonstrates its ability to execute effectively under challenging market 
conditions. Our 2024 share price performance is particularly noteworthy when compared 
with other listed U.K. IP commercialization companies, technology investment companies 
and relevant indices as follows*:  
 
*includes data for 12 month period ended 31 December 2024 
• 
Tekcapital plc: +27% (London Stock Exchange) 
• 
AIM All-Share Index: -5.5% (London Stock Exchange) 
• 
FTSE 250: +5.69% (London Stock Exchange) 
This performance validates Tekcapital's differentiated approach of carefully identifying and 
nurturing groundbreaking university technologies that have the potential to improve the 
quality of life of the customers we serve. Our sector focus requires both mitigation of 
adverse selection and patience, two complementary characteristics that are somewhat 
uncommon in the small cap markets.  
In our view, Tekcapital’s year-end share price discount to NAV of ~66% appears 
unwarranted, given the company's strong execution and portfolio maturation. According to 
Morningstar, the average market cap discount to NAV for UK closed-end funds (a close 
analogue) in 2024 was 16.6%. By peer comparison: 
 
• 
Molten Ventures plc trades at a 52% discount to NAV (Molten Ventures plc, 2024) 
• 
IP Group plc trades at a 45% discount to NAV (IP Group plc, 2024) 
• 
Frontier IP Group plc trades at a 35% discount to NAV (Frontier IP Group plc, 2024) 
• 
Mercia Asset Management plc trades at a 25% discount to NAV (Mercia Asset 
Management plc, 2024). 

 
 
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With four of five portfolio companies now publicly listed and demonstrating commercial 
traction, we believe there is a probability that Tekcapital's valuation gap may narrow, if its 
fifth portfolio company achieves a public listing or if one of the other portfolio companies 
achieves noteworthy commercial milestones.  
Share placings totalling US$3.6m, net of share issue costs, were completed during the 
period (2023: US$5m). Tekcapital's strengthened financial position, combined with its 
strategic portfolio of companies operating in high-growth, globally relevant sectors like 
sodium reduction (MicroSalt), respiratory care (Belluscura), autonomous vehicle safety 
(Guident), smart eyewear (Innovative Eyewear) and GenAI analytic services (GenIP), 
positions the company for continued growth in the value of our investment portfolio.  
We envision the continued growth of existing portfolio companies to be aided by new 
investments in the Generative Artificial Intelligence sector. Our portfolio company address 
critical market needs and have demonstrated meaningful commercial progress in 2024. 
Tekcapital's future outlook is supported by: 
• 
A proven ability to identify, select and commercialize university technologies 
• 
Strong portfolio company execution and public market validation 
• 
Operating leverage from our efficient, low-cost corporate structure 
• 
Multiple potential catalysts for further value creation in 2025 & beyond 
Dr. Benjamin Franklin famously stated in Poor Richard's Almanack: “A penny saved is two 
pence clear.” Following this inspiration, Tekcapital is glad to report it has the lowest 
operating cost structure amongst its listed peers in the U.K., with 2024 administrative 
expenses of just US $2.0m, compared to IP Group plc, Molten Ventures plc, Mercia Asset 
Management plc or Frontier IP Group plc. We believe that this is partly due to our 
selectivity and the concentrated nature of our portfolio. As Warren Buffett has sagaciously 
demonstrated, value creation is not dependent on diversification but rather on carefully 
investing for the long-term in the right assets.  
We are thankful to our steadfast shareholders for their unwavering support and to our 
portfolio company management teams that have punched significantly above their weight. 
DR. CLIFFORD GROSS, EXECUTIVE CHAIRMAN SAID:  
 
“We are excited to provide this 2024 summary report which describes a few of our 
portfolio company achievements and their contribution to our profitability and growth. In 
2024 our net assets reached US $70.1m, an increase of ~46%, over the previous year, 
an annual record since the Company’s inception. NAV per share was US $0.33. 
 
Our performance reflects strong commercial progress through the completion of two AIM 
listings (MicroSalt plc & GenIP plc), and as a result, four of our five portfolio companies 
are now listed. Additionally, we observed significant commercial traction for Innovative 
Eyewear Inc. as they achieved several new product and go-to-market milestones. We 
were also pleased to note MicroSalt has received new and follow-on B2B orders from a 
major snack food manufacturer. Further, we believe that Guident Corp’s commercial 
advancements coupled with improving performance and market traction in the 
autonomous vehicle industry, have created a fertile opportunity for Tekcapital to 
potentially further crystalise its balance sheet in 2025. 

 
 
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We believe that Tekcapital's success in 2024 is a testament to its portfolio companies’ 
strategic positioning and relevance. Our core long-term financial objective is to grow net 
assets and returns on invested capital. Once material levels of capital are monetized from 
our portfolio companies, we will seek to provide a special dividend. We remain committed 
to this long-term objective, and our portfolio companies’ progress in 2024 is a good step 
in that direction.”  
PORTFOLIO REVIEW 
Our investment portfolio consists of the following companies: 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
MicroSalt’s patented, low-sodium salt delivers full flavoured natural salt with 
approximately 50% less sodium. 
 
INVESTMENT RATIONALE: 
The snack food industry is focused on developing and providing better-for-you products 
that both taste good and help reduce sodium intake. Excess sodium consumption 
contributes to cardiovascular disease, a leading cause of premature death globally. The 
World Health Organization has indicated that reducing sodium consumption to 2,300 
mg/day can save upwards of 2m lives per year. To help address this problem, MicroSalt 
provides a patented, low-sodium salt has all the flavour of salt with roughly half the sodium 
for topical applications such as crisps, pretzels, nuts, popcorn and other salty snacks, 
bakery products and precooked meals. 

 
 
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2024 DEVELOPMENTS: 
 
• Successfully completed its Initial Public Offering with listing price of 43p per share 
and commenced trading on the AIM market of the London Stock Exchange on 
February 1st, 2024. MicroSalt’s share price as of 31 December 2024 increased to 
£0.77. 
• Secured large volume purchase commitments of MicroSalt® with a leading food 
manufacturer as well as placements of its salt shakers across multiple retail 
locations, and large volume commitments into 2025 
• Has been granted an important additional patent #11,992,034 protecting the IP of 
its micron-sized salt. This patent, entitled Low Sodium Salt Composition, is focused 
on how MicroSalt’s low-sodium salt adheres to food particles vs traditional table 
salt. MicroSalt also has counterpart patent applications with claims directed to 
similar subject matter pending in countries including China, Chile, Australia, Brazil, 
Europe, Canada, Japan, Russia, Mexico, India and Hong Kong., many of which 
have been granted as of the date of this report.   
• Introduced MicroSalt® shakers on Amazon UK and laid the foundation for the UK 
expansion of MicroSalt’s bulk business with local distribution and storage via 
Reliable Express 
• Announced multiple placements of its products including placement of SaltMe! 
Crisps on Thrive Market, a US-based healthy snack marketplace with 1.2 million 
members, and Carma Hospital Group, marking the Company’s entrance into the 
food service market. 
• Developed additional B2B bulk product for Quick Service Restaurant after receiving 
indicators of demand for MicroSalt from the fast-food sector.  
 
     
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
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Innovative Eyewear Inc’s vision is to Upgrade your Eyewear® by providing tech-
enhanced eyewear that makes it easier to stay connected to your digital life. Lucyd 
introduced the world’s first prescription ready smart eyewear with ChatGPT. 
 
As of 31 December 2024, Tekcapital owned 100% of Lucyd Ltd which holds ~10% of 
NASDAQ quoted Innovative Eyewear Inc. 
 
 
Photo courtesy of Innovative Eyewear, Inc. 
 
Innovative Eyewear Inc. is the first developer of ChatGPT enabled smart eyewear 
under the Lucyd®, Nautica®, Eddie Bauer® and Reebok® brands. Innovative 
Eyewear, Inc (“Innovative Eyewear”), Lucyd’s ~10% owned U.S. operating 
subsidiary, was the first Company to deliver prescription glasses with Bluetooth® 
technology in 2019. Their eyeglass frames help you stay connected safely and 
conveniently, by enabling many common smartphone tasks to be performed 
handsfree with Bluetooth®, voice assistants and GenAI.  
 
INVESTMENT RATIONALE: 
In the first 9 months of 2024, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) 
estimates that 29,135 people died in traffic crashes on public roads.2 We believe that open 
ear audio found in Lucyd smart glasses can help pedestrians maintain situational 
awareness whilst walking running and cycling as there is nothing in the ear canal blocking 
the sounds of adjacent traffic. According to the Vision Institute², approximately 75% of the 
adult population need corrective lenses, and advancements in Bluetooth technology have 
enabled it to be incorporated into traditional eyeglass form factors. This combination 
created a new type of eyewear with built-in speakers, microphones and touch controls. 
Lucyd smart eyewear allows the wearer to forego headphones and use their glasses to 
 
2 https://www.nhtsa.gov/press-releases/nhtsa-estimates-traffic-fatalities-declined-44-first-nine-months-2024 
 

 
 
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listen to audio content and talk to others and digital assistants. Since the speakers are 
open-ear, Lucyd smart glasses enables the wearer to stay connected to their digital life 
whilst maintaining situational and social awareness.  
 
2024 DEVELOPMENTS: 
 
• Announced a partnership with New Look Vision Group to distribute its smart 
eyewear in Canada. New Look Vision Group is one of the largest optical groups in 
Canada and has been rapidly expanding in the United States. 
• Launched major products under its licensed branded smart eyewear products: 
Nautica and Eddie Bauer. 
• Appointed Micah Richards as a brand ambassador. Micah is a former Olympic 
athlete and English footballer, turned successful broadcaster. He is currently 
working for several sport networks whilst he is also a co-host of "The Rest is 
Football" - a top ten UK podcast. 
• Expanded its sales prospects by launching the world's first smart safety eyewear in 
a lightweight, affordable and prescription-ready form factor, and meeting the ANSI 
Z87.1 standard for workplace safety use. The Company is already in discussion 
with several notable retailers about launching the Lucyd Armor™ product in brick 
and mortar locations in addition to online sales. 
 
 
 
Photo courtesy of Innovative Eyewear, Inc. 
 
• Innovative Eyewear Inc also announced its Lucyd Lyte frames are now available 
on Target.com. 
• Reported second quarter revenue growth of 82% compared to the second quarter 
of 2023, also noting improvement in gross margins. Innovative Eyewear anticipates 
the potential for additional growth in the fourth quarter of 2024 as the new Lucyd 
ArmorTM and Reebok® Powered by Lucyd lines are launched, as the unit cost of 
these new products are estimated to be significantly lower than current Lucyd Lyte 
models. 

 
 
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Guident Limited (“Guident”) has developed and deployed remote monitoring and 
control software to improve safety of autonomous vehicles and land-based delivery 
devices. Guident’s software incorporates artificial intelligence and advanced 
network technologies to minimize signal latency and improve the safety of 
autonomous vehicles. 
 
 
Guident RMCC- Photo courtesy of Guident Corp. 
 
Guident developed a state of the art, fully functional remote monitoring and control 
software to improve the safety of autonomous vehicles and land-based delivery devices.  
 
As at 31 December 2024, Tekcapital owned 100% of Guident Ltd, ~and 90% of Guident 
Corp, its US operating subsidiary. 
 
INVESTMENT RATIONALE: 
Vehicles of all types are rapidly becoming electric and autonomous. Whilst Autonomous 
Vehicles (“AVs”) are projected to be significantly safer than traditional vehicles, there will 
still be mishaps and in many instances there will be no vehicle operator present to help 
resolve these problems. Guident believes remote human interaction will be needed to 
address many of these mishaps. Guident’s remote monitoring and control centre monitors 
vehicles and when necessary, can provide additional support such as calling first 
responders, taking over control of the vehicle to move it out of harm’s way as well as 
provide real-time communication with passengers and pedestrians. Over time, Guident 
believes remote monitoring centres will be required in most jurisdictions where AVs 
operate.  
 

 
 
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2024 DEVELOPMENTS:  
 
• Hosted the grand opening of its first U.S. commercial Remote Monitor and Control 
Centre (RMCC) for enhancing AV safety. Guident's new best-in-class RMCC 
including video wall displays and visualisation system, is now commercially 
available. This deployment is strategically located at the Boca Raton Innovation 
Campus (BRiC), the largest office complex in Florida (1.7m sq ft), and the 
Southeast's premier technology and life-sciences hub.   
• Entered into a Strategic Partnership agreement with Star Robotics, a leading 
Spanish security robotics company. The Strategic Partnership will aim to 
integrate Guident's teleoperation solution into Star Robotics' products and provide 
an autonomous security surveillance solution with a human-in-the-loop capability. 
The partnership enables both companies to work on a combined go to market 
strategy and roll out in North America.  
• Incorporated its RMCC technology into AuVe Tech OÜ ("Auve Tech") Level 4 MiCa 
autonomous shuttles. The MiCa vehicle offers turnkey autonomous transportation 
solutions tailored to diverse environments and simple integration into existing 
transport networks.  
• Received a second grant from Space Florida to add low earth orbit, low-latency 
satellite connectivity to its AV remote monitoring service. This Space Florida-Israel 
Innovation grant supports the development and implementation of a leading-edge 
system architecture, leveraging non-geostationary satellite technology to provide 
monitoring redundancy in the event of mobile network outages.  
 
 
Image courtesy of GenIP plc 
 
GenIP Ltd (“GenIP”) was incorporated on 23 February 2024 with a goal of building 
a unique GenAI B2B analytics service business. Subsequently, Tekcapital’s 
Invention Evaluator® and VortechsTM business services were developed into new 
services with the introduction of Generative AI large language models (LLMs) into 
their workstreams. GenIP uses generative artificial intelligence aimed at 
empowering companies to better evaluate and commercialise technological 
discoveries through its services. GenIP represents Tekcapital’s fifth portfolio 
company. GenIP plc listed on the AIM in October 2025. 
 
As of 31 December 2024, Tekcapital owned 63% of GENIP plc. 

 
 
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INVESTMENT RATIONALE 
 
The GenAI market is currently experiencing exponential growth. In 2023, 426 start-ups 
received total funding in excess of US$21 billion. GenIP provides Services to evaluate new 
technologies and identify capable individuals to market these technologies. We believe 
the incorporation of GenAI LLM’s into these services will help companies, research 
institutions and venture funds mitigate adverse selection, improve returns on invested 
capital and more efficiently deploy capital to produce useful businesses that can become 
financially successful and contribute to the quality of life of the customers they serve. The 
initial performance appears quite promising. 
 
2024 DEVELOPMENTS:  
 
• Effective 4 June 2024, GenIP acquired certain assets and liabilities from Tekcapital 
related to Invention Evaluator and Vortechs business service lines. These assets 
and liabilities, disclosed in the Related Parties note to the financial information 
below, were transferred to GenIP Ltd as part of a US$191,564 capital contribution 
by Tekcapital plc. GenIP’s new products were launched in September 2024. 
• Signed a commercial agreement with a leading Saudi Arabian research institution, 
GenIP's first client in the Kingdom. 
• Initiated negotiations with over 50 potential new clients, including research 
institutions, corporations, and venture capital firms, following recent engagements 
at global technology transfer events. 
• Following the launch of GenIP's GenAI services, 195 orders for IE Reports and 8 
orders for Vortechs placement assignments were secured prior to year end 2024. 
 
 
 
 
Belluscura plc (“Belluscura”) is a respiratory medical Device company that has 
developed and launched an improved portable oxygen concentrator (POC) to 
provide on-the-go, supplemental O2. Belluscura believes its product is  the first FDA 
cleared, modular POC with a user-replaceable filter cartridge. Belluscura aims to 
make POC’s more affordable to those who need them.  
 
INVESTMENT RATIONALE: 
Worldwide, approximately 300m individuals suffer from COPD (chronic obstructive 
pulmonary disease). COPD is a progressive lung disease that includes emphysema and 
chronic bronchitis and is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide, causing 3.5 million 
deaths in 2021, approximately 5% of all global deaths.3 
 
POC’s are also used to treat:  
Interstitial lung disease (ILD): This is a group of lung diseases that cause scarring of the 
lungs. 
Cystic fibrosis: This is a genetic disease that causes thick, sticky mucus to build up in 
the lungs, making it hard to breathe. 
Sleep Apnea: This is a sleep disorder that causes breathing to repeatedly stop and start. 
 
3 https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-(copd) 
 

 
 
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Pulmonary hypertension: This is high blood pressure in the lungs. 
Heart failure: This is a condition that makes it hard for the heart to pump blood effectively. 
 
Many patients suffering from the above disorders require supplemental oxygen. As there 
is no cure for COPD, over time patients require greater amounts of oxygen, and if they use 
a portable oxygen concentrator, many individuals must replace their devices with greater 
capacity models as their disease progresses. With Belluscura’s new patented device, 
users can swap out the filter cartridges to enable higher capacity oxygen flow without 
having to buy a new device, like upgrading memory on a laptop. The result is more 
affordable oxygen therapy, which increases the number of people who can avail 
themselves of POC’s to improve both the duration and quality of life. 
 
2024 DEVELOPMENTS:  
 
• Belluscura announced their prospects were enhanced by the forthcoming release 
of the new DISCOV-R device.  
• The company announced its revenue continued to grow through 2024, with revenue 
of ~$3.3m in the first nine months of 2024.  
• Belluscura was also able to complete the acquisition of TMT Acquisition plc and 
raised US$ 7.3m through combination of convertible loan notes and new placings, 
enabling the company to deliver on the demand for its products. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
Photo courtesy of Belluscura plc 
POST PERIOD END HIGHLIGHTS 
 
Following successful deployments of its Remote Monitor and Control Center, Guident has 
confidentially submitted a draft registration statement on Form S-1 with the Securities and 
Exchange Commission (the "SEC") relating to the proposed initial public offering. The 

 
 
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initial public offering is expected to take place after the SEC completes its review process, 
subject to market and other conditions. Guident has also received significant additional 
patent coverage: 
 
• Guident has successfully validated its European Patent Grant No. 4097550, 
entitled Artificial Intelligence Method and Apparatus for Remote Monitoring and 
Control of Autonomous Vehicles, and has obtained patent protection in 20 
European countries.  
 
The validated European patent is directed to an autonomous vehicle remote 
monitoring and control center (RMCC) employing distributed sensor fusion and 
artificial intelligence techniques that is configured to receive sensor data across 
multiple independently governed autonomous vehicles, including sensor data from 
vehicles not operating under RMCC control, determine incident risk levels, 
implement safety measures and take control of one or more of the autonomous 
vehicles when operating at an unsafe incident risk level, and return control when 
the risk level is safe. 
 
• In addition, Guident is pleased to announce it has received a Notice of Allowance 
from the United States Patent and Trademark Office for its U.S. Patent Application 
No. 17/579,203, entitled Near Real-Time Data and Video Streaming System for a 
Vehicle, Robot or Drone. The allowed U.S. patent application is directed to methods 
and systems for using a remote monitoring control device to receive video and 
image data from and communicate with collection devices of autonomous vehicles, 
robots, or drones (such as camera sensors) to improve the safety of their 
operation.  Guident anticipates the United States Patent will issue in due course 
after it pays the required issue fee. 
 
• Guident, in collaboration with the Related Companies, Circuit Transit and Auve 
Tech, announced the launch of a pilot program with the City of West Palm Beach 
to demonstrate the future of urban public transportation. The MiCa, a fully electric 
SAE Level 4 autonomous shuttle, has been operating autonomously within the 
CityPlace area of West Palm Beach since mid-February, successfully navigating 
the dense urban area occupied by cars, trucks, bicycles and pedestrians. With six 
stops between Brightline Station and the Publix supermarket plaza, the project 
offers 0.9 miles of clean, quiet and convenient public transportation within the heart 
of West Palm Beach.  
 

 
 
17
 
MiCa Shuttle in West Palm Beach, Florida - Photo courtesy of Guident Corp. 
 
• Guident also announced it secured its first contract for its Autonomous 
Surveillance & Inspection Robot service with the Boca Raton Innovation 
Campus (BRiC), a 1.7-million-square-foot multi-tenant office campus and IBM's 
former R&D facility.  
• In addition to the above Guident has a strong pipeline of customers it is seeking 
to close in H1. 
 
Innovative Eyewear Inc announced that it has partnered with Micro CenterTM, one of the 
leading tech retailers in the United States, to expand its retail reach and bring Lucyd smart 
eyewear in stores nationwide and online. 
 
Additionally, post period end Innovative Eyewear announced the launch of its Reebok 
smart eyewear powered by Lucyd and the inking of a partnership deal with Eye 
Recommend, expanding their smart eyewear across 600+ independent optometry stores 
in Canada. 

 
 
18
 
Reebok smart eyewear - Photo courtesy of Innovative Eyewear Inc. 
 
Also, post period-end, MicroSalt plc completed a successful, oversubscribed fundraising 
of £2.3 million. The proceeds of the Subscription will be mainly used to support inventory 
to satisfy expected B2B customer demand in 2025 from leading snack manufacturers, as 
well as general working capital purposes. MicroSalt has received commitments for an 
additional 290 metric tonnes ("mT") in bulk orders for 2025 and expects this to further 
increase as MicroSalt is rolled out over new product lines. Based on existing orders for Q1 
2025 and expected orders for the rest of 2025 for existing product lines, B2B volumes are 
projected to increase more than 10X the quantity manufactured in 2024. 
 
MicroSalt also announced they launched a new Quick Service restaurant ("QSR") product, 
initially targeting the "French fry" market where the Company sees a tremendous 
opportunity for growth. At the same time, significant new FDA guidance was released 
indicating the near-term requirement for front of package nutrition labels, providing another 
catalyst for MicroSalt’s product.  
 
MicroSalt has been recognized by Fast Company in their 2025 list of the World’s Most 
Innovative Companies. The company, known for its patented full-flavor salt with 
approximately 50% less sodium, earned the ninth position in the "Small but Mighty" 
category, which highlights businesses with fewer than 50 employees that are making 
significant impacts in their industries.4 
 
 
4 https://www.investing.com/news/company-news/microsalt-secures-spot-on-innovative-companies-list-93CH-
3935929 
 

 
 
19
 
Image courtesy of MicroSalt plc 
 
 
GenIP plc provided a significant corporate update, noting since the launch of its GenAI 
enhanced services in September 2024, they have secured Invention Evaluator orders for 
over 450 analytical assessments.  
 
Additionally, GenIP Plc announced it secured a significant contract worth $0.35m with a 
new client, a research organisation in Saudi Arabia (the "Client"). The contract commences 
immediately and covers the delivery of 400 GenAI-enhanced analytical assessments and 
additional technology commercialisation consulting services. 
 
Post end-of-period Belluscura announced on 6 February 2025, the Company has raised 
gross proceeds of approximately $5.0 million through the placing of 199,151,375 new 
ordinary shares. Additionally on 16 April 2025 Belluscura announced its Q1 2025 sales 
were $912,000 (Q1 2024: $166,000), and that it has launched the X-PLOR 5, the first FDA 
cleared five-level portable oxygen concentrator weighing under four pounds. In May 2025, 
Belluscura also announced that it initiated a strategic review aimed at supporting both the 
Company's short-term cash requirements and its longer-term growth and accelerating its 
path to sustainable profitability. The Company also confirmed, as of 9 May 2025, the US 
import tariff on its portable oxygen containers remains at zero and that April 2025 marked 
their best sales month with US$ 0.52m in revenue booked. On 9 May 2025 Belluscura 
announced it has initiated a strategic review, which will evaluate a range of options to 
substantially strengthen its capital position, including potential strategic investment, 
partnerships, alternative funding structures and other corporate initiatives. The review is 
aimed at supporting both the Company's short-term cash requirements and its longer-term 
growth and accelerating its path to sustainable profitability. 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
20
STRATEGIC REPORT 
 
CHAIRMAN’S SUMMARY 
Tekcapital Performance Update 
Tekcapital delivered exceptional financial performance in 2024, transitioning from a loss 
in 2023 to significant profitability. The company's portfolio return and revenue surged to 
US ~$21 million from a US ~$13 million loss in 2023. Profit after tax rose substantially to 
US ~$19.2 million from a loss of US ~$15.7 million the previous year, driven by increased 
total income and reduced expenses. This represents an impressive US ~$35 million 
positive swing in Net Income, demonstrating the effectiveness of Tekcapital's strategic 
direction and the inherent value of its portfolio companies.  
Net assets expanded from US $47.9 million to an annual record of US $70.1 million, 
reflecting a 46% year-over-year increase. 
The company's portfolio valuation reached US $61.5 million (up from US $41.1 million in 
2023), with NAV per share growing to US $0.33 (from US $0.27).  
Tekcapital completed share placings totaling US $3.6 million during the period. 
Portfolio Company Achievements 
Demonstrating Tekcapital's ability to successfully commercialize technologies even in 
adverse markets, two Investment Portfolio companies (MicroSalt plc and GenIP) floated 
on AIM in early 2024, bringing the total number of public portfolio companies to four out of 
five. A few of the achievements across the portfolio included: 
• 
MicroSalt secured recurring bulk purchases for multiple product lines from one of 
the world's largest food, soft drink, and snack manufacturers, with additional 
purchase orders anticipated for 2025 and a significant projected increase in B2B 
volume. 
• 
Innovative Eyewear continued sales growth and strengthened its balance sheet, 
and launched the first smart safety eyewear line under the Lucyd ArmorTM brand.  
The Lucyd Armor product is certified to comply with the American National 
Standards Institute.   
• 
Guident progressed the integration of its remote monitor and control software with 
several AV shuttle partners and launched a sales program targeting the security 
robot market, resulting in multiple contracts announced in early H1 2025. 
• 
GenIP signed a commercial agreement with a leading Saudi Arabian research 
institution, its first client in the Kingdom 
• 
Belluscura continued revenue growth and received important Pricing Data Analysis 
and Coding ("PDAC") codes allowing medical equipment distributors to claim 
Medicare reimbursement 
Following the period end, Guident appointed an investment bank to assist with a potential 
Nasdaq IPO in 2025. MicroSalt completed an oversubscribed fundraising of £2.3 million 
and secured commitments for significantly increased bulk orders in 2025. Belluscura has 
also recently completed a fundraise of gross proceeds of ~£4.7 million.   

 
 
21
Outlook 
Tekcapital has demonstrated a proven ability to identify and commercialize university 
technologies, with strong portfolio company execution and public market validation. Its 
efficient corporate structure provides operating leverage, with administrative expenses of 
just US $2.0 million in 2024, the lowest amongst all of its peers in the United Kingdom.  
The Company has multiple potential catalysts for value creation in 2025, particularly if its 
fifth portfolio company achieves a public listing or if existing portfolio companies reach 
noteworthy commercial milestones. Tekcapital's strategic positioning in high-growth, 
globally relevant sectors including sodium reduction (MicroSalt), respiratory care 
(Belluscura), autonomous vehicle safety (Guident), smart eyewear (Innovative Eyewear), 
and AI-driven innovation (GenIP) positions the company for continued growth.  
We intend to aggressively pursue further investments in pre-existing generative artificial 
intelligence companies (GenAI). Our potential targets are expected to include companies 
that are focused on the transformative impact of GenAI on business workflows across a 
number of sectors. Having witnessed GenAI’s positive impact on a few of our portfolio 
companies, we believe its potential to accelerate value creation, mitigate risk and reduce 
administrative overhead may provide significant investment opportunities for the Group.  
Tekcapital’s long-term objective is to grow both its net assets and returns on invested 
capital. Once material levels of capital are monetized from its portfolio companies, the 
Group plans to provide a special dividend to shareholders. Management believes that 
Tekcapital's 2024 performance is a testament to its portfolio companies' strategic 
positioning and relevance, and represents a good step towards achieving its long-term 
objective. 
 
Financial performance 
 
Net Assets US$70.1m (2023: US$47.9m) 
NAV per share US$0.33 (2023: US$0.27) 
Portfolio valuation US$61.5m (2023: US$41.1m) 
Profit after tax: US$19.2m, resulting primarily from unrealised fair value increase 
of portfolio valuation (2023: loss of US$15.7m). 
 
   
Fundraisings during the period 
 
In 2024 we completed share placements totaling US$ 3.6m (2023: US$ 5m), excluding 
expenses. Proceeds were used primarily to accelerate commercial progress of select 
portfolio companies and provide additional working capital for the Group. 
 
PRINCIPAL RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES 
 
The specific financial risks are discussed in the notes to the financial statements. 
Other risks are as follows:  
 
We believe the principal financial risks and benefits of the business relate to the value and 
performance of the Group’s portfolio companies. We believe that the fair value of each 
portfolio Company is a time dependent valuation that may become impaired if the business 
does not achieve it milestones, growth trajectory, product development goals, market 

 
 
22
acceptance, capital raises or other key performance metrics. Individually and as a group 
our portfolio companies have a material impact on our financial performance.  
 
• The risk of individual portfolio company negative performance, in the future, may 
be ameliorated, as our portfolio becomes more mature, and when our portfolio 
companies develop significant capital reserves, predictable revenues and have 
demonstrated significant increases in value. Management’s strategy of early 
detection and remediation includes continuous monitoring of sales performance, 
expenses and capital requirements as well as ongoing assistance in strategic 
planning and fundraising activities, amongst others. 
 
• The principal operational risk of the business is management’s ability to assist our 
portfolio companies in achieving their goals and ultimate exits whilst having a small 
team and an additional goal of increasing our service revenues. Management’s 
strategy of early detection and remediation includes continuous monitoring of sales 
performance and expenses, intellectual property position and strategic direction, as 
well as ongoing assistance in executive and board recruitment, IP acquisition and 
fundraising activities, amongst others.  
 
• The current Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Israel/Gaza conflict and the recent US 
imposed global tariffs may over time may contribute to inflation of energy costs, 
goods and supply chain disruptions which could increase the cost and complexity 
of sourcing components and selling products for some of our portfolio companies. 
Additionally, the uncertainty that has been introduced to the capital markets have 
resulted in small cap stocks worldwide feeling the pinch. This can be seen in 
Belluscura’s and Innovative Eyewear’s share prices at the end of the period, 
although other non-macro-economic factors may play a role as well. 
 
We are grateful for the patience and support of our shareholders. We are also sincerely 
appreciative of our dedicated, creative and incredibly hardworking portfolio company 
management teams as well as our corporate team, without whom, none of the results 
reported herein would be possible. 
 
SECTION 172 (1) STATEMENT 
 
Our Board (please also see Board of Directors page for information on Directors) ensures 
that all decisions are taken for the long term, and collectively and individually aims to 
always uphold the highest standard of conduct. Similarly, our Board acknowledges that 
the business can only grow and prosper over the long-term if it understands and respects 
the views and needs of the Company’s investors, customers, employees, suppliers and 
other stakeholders to whom we are accountable, as well as the environment we operate 
within. When making decisions, each director ensures that they act in the way that would 
most likely promote the Company’s success for the benefit of its members as a whole, and 
in doing so have regard (amongst other matters) to the following matters: 
 
a)     The likely consequences of any decision in the long term 
In line with our strategy, Tekcapital plc’s purpose is to find and invest in exciting new 
discoveries from our global university network that can enhance people’s lives. We believe 
that when you couple commercialisation ready, compelling university IP with strong senior 
management, vibrant companies will likely emerge. When we realise exits the Group’s 
goal is to distribute a portion of the proceeds as a special dividend to our shareholders. 
 

 
 
23
With this in mind, we apply the same high standards of responsible stewardship to our 
businesses as if we were to own them forever, and it is this approach to decision making 
that requires the Directors to have regard to the likely consequences of decisions in the 
long-term. 
 
The long-term decision making and strategy also considers consequences of climate 
change, such as changes in extreme and unpredictable weather. The Board considers the 
potential impacts of the climate change related disruptions on business operations of 
Tekcapital Group and its portfolio companies as they relate to supply chain, customer 
demand and business operations as these risks may affect future investment decisions. 
  
 
b) 
The interests of the Group’s employees 
The Board strives to maintain and develop a culture where everyone feels valued and 
included. The Board also considers the health, safety and wellbeing of all Tekcapital 
employees in everyday decisions.  Feedback from employees is actively encouraged and 
is considered a key driver in developing our business activities, processes and workplace 
environment. Initiatives to encourage wellbeing are well established and continue to evolve 
and are strongly influenced by the workforce. Professional and personal development of 
employees is viewed as fundamental to the continued success of the Company. 
 
c) 
The need to foster the Group's business relationships with suppliers, 
customers and others 
 The Board ensures that the Group’s mission is focused on improving the world with 
university discoveries, and focuses on innovations that, if successful, can improve the 
quality of life of customers we serve.  
 
The Board recognises that it is crucial that we deliver a reliable service to our customers 
and maintain excellent relationships with suppliers.  
  
d) 
The impact of the Group’s operations on the community and the environment 
In their decision making, the Directors need to have regard the impact of the Company’s 
operations on the community and environment. The Board plays a constructive role in 
tackling issues through engagement and making sure that all of the Group’s investments 
focus on improving quality of life and attempt to solve significant health, safety or 
productivity problems facing communities. The Board also considers impact of Group’s 
investment decisions on the environment as part of screening process. 
 
e) The desirability of the Group maintaining a reputation for high standards of 
business conduct  
The Board recognises that culture, values, and standards are key contributors to how the 
Group creates and sustains value over the longer term, and to enable it to maintain a 
reputation for high standards of business conduct. High standards of business conduct 
guide and assist in the Board’s decision making, and in doing so, help promote the Group’s 
success, recognising, amongst other things, the likely consequences of any decision in 
the long-term and wider stakeholder considerations. The standards set by the Board 
mandate certain requirements and behaviour with regards to the activities of the Directors, 
the Group’s employees and others associated with the Group. 
 
f) The need to act fairly as between members of the Group  
The Company has one class of ordinary shares, which have the same rights as regards 
voting, distributions and on a liquidation. Management are also significant shareholders in 
the Group, holding approximately 6% of the register, together putting them in the top 3 

 
 
24
shareholders of the Group. On this basis the Board feels that the executive Directors are 
fully aligned with shareholders. 
 
g) Fundraising activities 
During the course of the year, Tekcapital plc consummated two fundraises for the dual 
reason of continued investment in our portfolio companies and to increase our available 
working capital. The former reason is consistent with board policies mentioned in our 
current report.  
 
We are enthusiastic about the development of Tekcapital’s portfolio companies, their 
performance to-date and their prospects to significantly expand in 2025. The Board is 
confident that continued investment in Guident, the sagacious stewardship of our equity 
holdings and additional investments in later-staged, GenAI businesses remains the right 
approach for potential long-term value creation.   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
25
STRATEGIC REPORT: FINANCIAL REVIEW 
& KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS 
 
THE KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS (KPIs) FOR THE GROUP 
 
The Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) listed below represent those that are typically 
applied to companies that seek to commercialise university technologies and serve as a 
starting point for evaluating the Group’s performance: 
 
KPI 
DESCRIPTION 
2024 
2023 
FAIR VALUE OF   
THE PORTFOLIO 
Updated value of portfolio companies 
using costs, independent valuations or 
observed third party investments 
$61.5m 
 
$41.1m 
 
TOTAL INCOME 
Total income including revenue from 
services, fair value gains, and other 
income 
$21.2m 
($13.0m) 
PROFIT/(LOSS) 
After tax profit/(loss) 
$19.2m 
($15.7m) 
NET ASSETS 
PER SHARE 
Total assets minus total liabilities per 
share 
$0.33 
$0. 27 
 
Key Performance Indicators showed significant improvement in 2024, with a significant 
portion of the changes attributable to the listing of MicroSalt, and their performance since 
then.  The company's ~46% increase in net assets to US $70.1m and dramatic swing to 
US $19m net income demonstrates its ability to execute effectively in challenging market 
conditions. 
 
The Group’s cash position at the end of the period was US$0.8m (2023: US$0.6m) with 
modest liabilities as costs have been settled without delay using available funds and post 
period fundraise of GBP 0.5m completed in January 2025. The Group had no debt as of 
31 December 2024 (2023: US$nil) and has a very significant amount of marketable 
securities on the balance sheet.  
  
Directors do not believe there are any material environmental issues that need to be 
reflected in our KPIs for 2024. 
 
The Strategic Report was approved by the Board of Directors on 22 May 2025. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Clifford M. Gross, Ph.D. 
Chairman and CEO 
 
22 May 2025 

 
 
26
BOARD OF DIRECTORS 
 
Clifford M. Gross, Ph.D. is a successful executive with more than 25 years of leadership 
experience in academia and business. He is passionate about commercialisation of 
university discoveries to improve the quality of life. He founded three companies 
(Biomechanics Corp., UTEK & Tekcapital) which subsequently listed, where he served as 
CEO and Chairman and co-founded or founded numerous private companies including 
HumanCAD, MicroSalt (which has subsequently listed), Belluscura (which has 
subsequently listed), GenIP (which has subsequently listed) and Guident. Previously he 
was President and CEO of Innovacorp, the provincial venture capital fund of Nova Scotia. 
Cliff was Acting Director of the graduate program in Biomechanics and Ergonomics at New 
York University, Chairman of the Nelson Rockefeller Department of Biomechanics at the 
New York Institute of Technology and Research Professor at the University of South 
Florida. He has authored or co-authored several books including “Too Good to Fail: 
Creating Marketplace Value from the World’s Brightest Minds,” and is a named inventor 
on more than 50 issued or pending patents. A number of the ergonomic products he has 
developed became significant commercial successes, including the DeWalt Cordless Drill 
for Black & Decker, The Parachute Chair for Knoll, the ergonomic mouse for Logitech, 
HumanCAD, the first PC based human CAD software and the flexible back belt, which is 
used to help reduce back stress for individuals worldwide. Several of the products he 
helped to develop were included in a Smithsonian exhibit on ergonomic design. Cliff is a 
Fellow of the National Academy of Inventors.  He received his MA and Ph.D. from New 
York University and an Executive MBA from Oxford University. 
 
Robert practiced at the Mayo Clinic for twenty-five years, serving as a Physician-Executive 
before retiring as an Emeritus Professor in 2019. He served as Vice Chair of the national 
Mayo Clinic Cancer Center Practice Committee, overseeing cancer care delivery at all of 
Mayo’s national sites, and was Medical Director Particle Therapy at Mayo Clinic Florida 
where America’s first carbon ion radiotherapy facility is being built. He also previously 
served as Vice Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Mayo Clinic Health System – 
Albert Lea and Austin. He is the author of over 200 peer-reviewed papers. Robert has 
successfully led a series of national, NIH funded Phase III clinical trials searching for new 
pharmaceutical solutions to reduce symptoms of cancer therapy. Robert began his 
scientific career as a medical physicist at the University of Kentucky, before going on to 
graduate from medical school at the University of Kentucky. Robert also received an MBA 
from Oxford University. 
 
The Rt Hon Lord Willetts FRS is Chair of the UK Space Agency's Board, President of the 
Resolution Foundation and former Minister for Universities and Science. He served as the 
Member of Parliament for Havant (1992-2015) and previously worked at HM Treasury and 
the No. 10 Policy Unit.  Lord Willetts is a visiting Professor at King’s College London, 
Governor of the Ditchley Foundation, former Chair of the British Science Association and 
member of the Council of the Institute for Fiscal Studies. He is also an Honorary Fellow of 
Nuffield College, Oxford. Lord Willetts has written widely on economic and social policy. 
One of his books, ‘The Pinch’, which focused on intergenerational equity, was published 
in 2010, and he recently published ‘A University Education’. Lord Willetts is a graduate of 
Oxford University and has been awarded numerous honorary doctorates. 
 
Louis Castro has over 30 years’ experience in investment banking and broking both in the 
UK and overseas. He is currently Executive Chairman of Orosur Mining Inc, an AIM and 

 
 
27
TSXV listed exploration company. Previously he was Chief Executive of Northland Capital 
Partners in London and before this was Head of Corporate Finance at Matrix Corporate 
Capital and at Insinger de Beaufort. He started his career by qualifying as a Chartered 
Accountant with Coopers & Lybrand (now PWC). Louis chairs the Audit Committee and is 
a member of the Remuneration Committee. He is a Fellow of the Institute of Chartered 
Accountants In England and Wales and has a Double Degree in Engineering Production 
& Economics from Birmingham University. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
28
DIRECTORS’ REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 
DECEMBER 2024 
 
PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES 
  
The principal activity of the Group and the parent Company is that of an investment entity. 
  
RESULTS AND DIVIDENDS 
  
The results for the period are set out in the consolidated statement of comprehensive 
income on page 46. No dividend was declared or paid during the period ended 31 
December 2024 (2023: $nil). 
 
DIRECTORS 
The following Directors held office during the period: 
Clifford M Gross, Ph.D.   
Robert Miller, M.D. 
Louis Castro, FCA  
The RT Hon Lord David Willetts FRS 
 
STATEMENT OF DIRECTORS’ RESPONSIBILITIES 
The Directors are responsible for preparing the financial statements in accordance with 
applicable laws and regulations.  
Under that law the Directors are required to prepare the Group financial statements in 
accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted in the United 
Kingdom (“UK adopted IFRS”) and have also chosen to prepare the Company financial 
statements in accordance with the United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting 
Practice (United Kingdom Accounting Standards, comprising FRS 101 Reduced 
Disclosure Framework, and applicable law). Under company law, the Directors must not 
approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair 
view of the state of affairs of the Group and the Parent Company and of their profit or loss 
for that period. 
In preparing those financial statements, the Directors are required to:  
• select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;  
• make judgments and estimates that are reasonable;  
• state whether applicable accounting standards have been followed, subject to any 
material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements; and  
• prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is 
inappropriate to presume that the Company will continue in business.  
 
The Directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient 
to show and explain the Group’s and the Company’s transactions and disclose with 
reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Group and the Company and 
to enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 
2006. The Directors are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Group and the 
Company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud 
and other irregularities. 

 
 
29
DIRECTORS’ REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 
DECEMBER 2024 
 
Each of the current Directors, whose names are listed in the Directors’ report on this page 
of the financial statements confirm that, to the best of each person’s knowledge and belief: 
 
• the Group financial statements, prepared in accordance with UK-adopted IFRS, 
give a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities, financial position and profit (or loss) 
of the Group; 
• the Company financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with 
United Kingdom Accounting Standards, comprising FRS 101 Reduced Disclosure 
Framework, give a true and fair view of the Company’s assets, liabilities and 
financial position of the Company; and 
• the chairman’s statement contained in the annual financial statements includes a 
fair review of the development and performance of the business and the position of 
the Group and Company, together with a description of the principal risks and 
uncertainties that they face. 
 
The Directors are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the corporate and 
financial information included on the Group’s website www.tekcapital.com. Legislation in 
the United Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination of financial statements 
may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions. 
 
GOING CONCERN 
 
The Group meets its day-to-day working capital requirements through its service offerings, 
cash at bank, monies raised in follow-on offerings and realisation of its investments. The 
Group’s forecasts and projections indicate that the Group has sufficient cash reserves to 
operate within the level of its current facilities. 
 
The Group has access to equity markets if it seeks additional funds. At the time of 
approving the accounts after making enquiries, the Directors have a reasonable 
expectation that the Group has adequate resources to continue in operational existence 
for the foreseeable future. 
 
See Note 2.1.2 for additional information on Going Concern. 
 
FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS 
  
Whilst no material changes in the nature of the business is expected in the foreseeable 
future we will make course corrections as needed, to adapt to our evolving business 
needs, resources and the current geopolitical uncertainty. Information has been included 
in the strategic report in relation to disclosures under S414C(11) of the Companies Act 
2006. 
 
 
 
 

 
 
30
DIRECTORS’ REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 
31 DECEMBER 2024 
 
AUDIT COMMITTEE REPORT 
 
The Board operates an Audit Committee, chaired by Louis Castro. This Committee carries 
out duties as set out in the AIM Admission Document, supervising the financial and 
reporting arrangements of the Group. During the period, no issues arose that the Directors 
consider appropriate to disclose in their Report. The audit committee met 3 times during 
the period. 
 
DIRECTORS’ EMOLUMENTS 
 
  
Salary &  
Benefits  
Bonus  
2024 
2023 
fees  
in kind  
Total 
Total 
  
US $ 
US $ 
US $ 
US $ 
US $ 
Clifford M Gross 
261,976 
24,475 
264,727 
551,178 
281,942 
Robert Miller 
21,600 
- 
- 
21,600 
23,261 
Louis Castro 
46,002 
- 
- 
46,002 
44,779 
Lord David Willetts 
38,335 
- 
- 
38,335 
36,694 
  
367,912 
24,475 
264,727 
657,114 
386,676 
 
The Director’s proportion of the share option expense was US$1,400 (2023: US$1,362). 
The Group did not make any contributions to a pension scheme in the period ended 31 
December 2024 (2023: Nil). The Directors’ beneficial interests in shares is set out below: 
 
2024 
2023 
2024 
2023 
No of Shares 
No of Shares 
No of Options 
No of Options 
Clifford M Gross 
9,000,000 
8,657,500 
3,000,000 
3,000,000 
Lord David Willetts 
- 
- 
200,000 
200,000 
Robert Miller 
2,664 
2,664 
200,000 
200,000 
 
Please note the above figure for Clifford M Gross does not include 100,000 shares held 
by both of Dr. Gross’s adult children who are not considered a PCA as defined in the Article  
3(1)(26) of the UK Market Abuse Regulation. 
 
The details of the options held by each director at 31 December 2024 are as follows: 
 
  
No of 
Options 
Exercise 
Price 
Grant 
Date 
Date from which 
exercisable 
Life 
Clifford M Gross 
3,000,000 
£0.12 
27-Aug-20 
          Special Conditions* 
5 Years 
Robert Miller 
100,000 
£0.19 
16-Jun-21 
Special Conditions** 
5 Years 
Lord David 
Willetts 
100,000 
£0.0525 
6-Jan-20 
Special Conditions** 
5 Years 
100,000 
£0.19 
16-Jun-21 
Special Conditions** 
5 Years 
 

 
 
31
DIRECTORS’ REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 
31 DECEMBER 2024 
 
DIRECTORS’ EMOLUMENTS (CONTINUED) 
 
* The options vest in three equal annual instalments from the date of grant and there is a 
special condition which means the options will vest when the closing price for a share has 
been traded at more than 50 pence (sterling) for ten consecutive trading days. 
** The options shall vest when the net asset value, as stated in the annual consolidated 
accounts, meets, or exceeds USD$20.53m during the 36 months after the grant date. The 
threshold shall be re-tested when each set of accounts published during the 36 months 
are finalised.  
 
An additional 525,000 options were held by Harrison Gross, family member of Dr. Clifford 
Gross.  
 
Total of key management personnel compensation including short term benefits and share 
based payments is disclosed in Note 8 of the accounts below. 
 
DIRECTORS’ INDEMNITY ARRANGEMENTS 
  
The Group has made qualifying third-party indemnity provisions for the benefit of the 
Directors, which were made during the period and remain in force at the date of this report. 
  
The Group has purchased and maintained throughout the period Directors & Officers 
liability insurance in respect of itself and its Directors. 
 
PRINCIPAL RISKS & UNCERTAINTIES 
 
Please refer to strategic report.  
 
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES  
 
The Group conducted research and development related to generative AI technology. This 
was pertinent to the incorporation of GenIP ltd prior to its acquisition of our Invention 
Evaluator and Vortechs assets. 
 
POST BALANCE SHEET EVENTS 
 
For further details, please refer to note 26 in the notes to the accounts. Information has 
been included in the strategic report under S414C(11). 
 
For financial instruments risks, please refer to Note 3.1 of the Notes to the Financial 
Statements. 
 
 
 

 
 
32
DIRECTORS’ REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 
DECEMBER 2024 ON CORPORATE 
GOVERNANCE 
 
The Tekcapital board is committed to maintaining high standards of corporate governance. 
In accordance with AIM Rule 26, AIM quoted companies are required to adopt and give 
details of the corporate governance code which they have adopted and to show how they 
are following it. The board has adopted the Quoted Companies Alliance’s (QCA) Corporate 
Governance Code for small and mid-size quoted companies (the “QCA Code”). In 2025 
we will report under the 2023 code for small and mid-size quoted companies. 
  
Of the recognized codes generally adhered to by AIM companies, the QCA Code has been 
drafted with smaller businesses in mind, with a pragmatic and principles-based approach. 
It was therefore deemed by the board to be the most suitable.  
  
Solid corporate governance is the foundation on which the business is managed, and this 
is supported by the range of talents of the directors. Biographies of the directors appear 
on page 26 and demonstrate a range of experience and caliber to bring the right level of 
independent judgment to Tekcapital’s business. Ensuring financial strength alongside the 
growth of portfolio businesses are key guiding principles, supported by an effort to ensure 
solid communication with shareholders.  
  
The chairman is responsible for leading the board and for its overall effectiveness in 
directing the group. They ensure that the board implements, maintains and communicates 
effective corporate governance processes and promotes a culture of openness and debate 
designed to foster a positive governance culture throughout the group.  
  
The board is responsible for the group’s system of internal control and for reviewing its 
effectiveness. Such a system can only provide reasonable, but not absolute, assurance 
against material misstatement or loss. The board believes that the group has internal 
control systems in place appropriate to the size and nature of its business. The board is 
satisfied that the scale of the group’s activities does not warrant the establishment of an 
internal audit function.  
 
The board is also responsible for identifying the major business risks faced by the group 
and for determining the appropriate course of action to manage those risks. Formal 
meetings are held quarterly to review strategy, management and performance of the 
group, with additional meetings between those dates convened as necessary. During 
2024, there were 6 Board meetings. The QCA Code identifies ten principles that focus on 
the pursuit of medium- to long-term value for shareholders without stifling entrepreneurial 
spirit. Tekcapital’s adoption of the QCA principles is summarized in the table below. 
Further 
details 
are 
made 
available 
on 
our 
website 
at 
https://www.tekcapital.com/investors/#section-ecc78d7-5. 
 
No 
QCA principle 
Tekcapital adoption 
1 
Establish a strategy and 
business model which 
Tekcapital’s mission is to transform university 
discoveries into valuable products. Our 
investment objective is to achieve long-term 

 
 
33
promote long-term value 
for shareholders 
 
growth of net assets and returns on invested 
capital through the commercialisation of 
university discoveries that can make a positive 
impact on people’s lives. We believe the 
combination of these factors will maximize long-
term value for shareholders. 
The Board also considers long term impact of 
climate change and related violent climate 
events’ impact on different business verticals 
during investment decision process. 
 
The Board also considers factors such as 
impact of supply chain, manufacturing, CO2 
emission, health implications of each potential 
investee’s product/service on the environment 
and society as a whole as part of investment 
screening process.  
 
2 
Seek to understand and 
meet shareholder needs 
and expectations 
 
The board engages with shareholders and the 
broader investment community via a variety of 
channels and activities including the annual 
general meeting, updates to shareholders via 
reporting and the regulatory news service, and 
institutional presentations. The Chairman and 
CEO are the primary contacts for investor 
interaction alongside SP Angel. 
 
3 
Take into account wider 
stakeholder and social 
responsibilities and their 
implications for long-term 
success 
 
Tekcapital’s culture is very open and this 
includes reaching out and seeking feedback 
and insights from our various stakeholders. In 
addition to the investor outreach described 
above, key practical elements of this philosophy 
for other stakeholders include having a flat 
organization with few tiers of management, 
meeting regularly; all-hands communications 
via web-meetings; engagement with portfolio 
companies through regular meetings, 
satisfaction surveys. 
 
4 
Embed effective risk 
management, considering 
both opportunities and 
threats, throughout the 
organization 
 
The board is responsible for identifying the 
major business risks faced by the group and for 
determining the appropriate course of action to 
manage those risks. The board has adopted a 
framework for the effective identification, 
assessment, and management of risks to the 
achievement of corporate objectives. The risks 
that the board consider to be principal risks to 
the group’s business and how they are 
mitigated are set out on page 21 of the 
Strategic Report. 
 

 
 
34
5 
Maintain the board as a 
well-functioning, balanced 
team led by the chair 
 
The QCA Code requires that boards have an 
appropriate balance between executive and 
non-executive directors and that each board 
should have at least two independent directors. 
The board is made up of one executive director 
and three non-executive directors. The non-
executive directors are mature, experienced 
and independent persons who have each 
succeeded in their own businesses and are not 
dependent upon income from the group, and 
they include: Louis Castro, FCA (attended 9 
Board meetings during 2024), Lt Hon Lord 
David Willets (8) and Robert Miller (8). They 
have developed a strong and detailed 
understanding of the business, and are 
prepared and able to intervene and challenge 
the executive director. Clifford Gross attended 9 
Board of Directors meetings in 2024.  
6 
Ensure that between them 
the directors have the 
necessary up-to-date 
experience, skills and 
capabilities 
 
Details of the background and experience of the 
directors of the Company  are set out on page 
26 of this report. These demonstrate that our 
team collectively has the necessary skills and 
experiences, as well as the required calibre, to 
carry out the group’s strategy and business 
model effectively. The non-executive directors 
comprise an investment specialist, a professor 
and pharmaceuticals specialist, and a former 
minister for universities and science. All three 
have experience of working in a public 
Company environment. Each Director maintains 
his skillset by participating in industry events, 
online trainings as well as experience on other 
boards seats they occupy. 
 
7 
Evaluate board 
performance based on 
clear and relevant 
objectives, seeking 
continuous improvement 
 
A board self-evaluation process led by the 
chairman takes place every three years, using a 
QCA-sponsored questionnaire and process. 
Low scoring or divergent scoring responses are 
discussed, with gaps and actions for 
improvement identified.  
 
8 
Promote a corporate 
culture that is based on 
ethical values and 
behaviours 
 
Tekcapital’s core values statement and guiding 
principles, developed by the extended 
management team, support the group’s culture 
with a strong footing in ethical values. These 
are reinforced in the staff handbook and the 
staff appraisal and development process, which 
formally embeds cultural and ethical 
considerations as part of each employee’s self-
evaluation. 
 

 
 
35
9 
Maintain governance 
structures and processes 
that are fit for purpose and 
support good decision-
making by the board 
 
Formal board meetings are held quarterly to 
review strategy, management and performance 
of the group, with additional meetings between 
those dates convened as necessary. We have 
two board committees, the Audit Committee 
and the Remuneration Committee.  
 
10 
Communicate how the 
Company  is governed 
and is performing by 
maintaining a dialog with 
shareholders and other 
relevant stakeholders 
 
The group’s approach to investor and 
shareholder engagement is described under 
Principle 2 above. Annual reports, Annual 
General Meeting notices, regulatory 
announcements, trading updates and other 
governance-related are available from the 
group’s website. 
 
Directors’ Remuneration report 
The Board has delegated to its Remuneration Committee, chaired by Robert Miller, certain 
responsibilities in respect of the remuneration of senior executives. During the period, no 
issues arose that the Directors consider appropriate to disclose in their Report. The 
remuneration committee meets at least 2 times during the calendar year. 
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS 
The auditor, MHA, previously traded through the legal entity MacIntyre Hudson LLP. In 
response to regulatory changes, MacIntyre Hudson LLP ceased to hold an audit 
registration with the engagement transitioning to MHA Audit Services LLP. MHA will be 
proposed for reappointment in accordance with section 485 of the Companies Act 2006.  
 
Statement of disclosure of information to auditors 
Each of the persons who was a Director at the date of approval of this report confirms that: 
• 
so far as the Director is aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the 
Company’s auditor is unaware; and the Director has taken all the steps that he 
ought to have taken as a Director in order to make himself aware of any relevant 
audit information and to establish that the Company’s auditor is aware of that 
information. 
 
This confirmation is given and should be interpreted in accordance with the provisions of 
s418 of the Companies Act 2006.  
 
By order of the Board of Directors and signed on behalf of the Board 
 
 
  
Louis Castro  
Director 
22 May 2025 
 
 

 
 
36
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
37
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE 
MEMBERS OF TEKCAPITAL PLC 
 
For the purpose of this report, the terms “we” and “our” denote MHA in relation to UK legal, 
professional and regulatory responsibilities and reporting obligations to the members of 
Tekcapital plc. For the purposes of the table on pages 38 to 39 that sets out the key audit 
matters and how our audit addressed the key audit matters, the terms “we” and “our” refer 
to MHA. The Group financial statements, as defined below, consolidate the accounts of 
Tekcapital plc and its subsidiaries (the “Group”). The “Parent Company” is defined as 
Tekcapital plc, as an individual entity. The relevant legislation governing the Parent 
Company is the United Kingdom Companies Act 2006 (“Companies Act 2006”). 
 
Opinion  
We have audited the financial statements of Tekcapital plc for the year ended 31 
December 2024.  
 
The financial statements that we have audited comprise: 
• the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income  
• the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position  
• the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity  
• the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows  
• Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, including significant accounting 
policies 
• the Company Statement of Financial Position 
• the Company Statement of Changes in Equity and 
• Notes to the Company Financial Statements, including significant accounting 
policies. 
 
The financial reporting framework that has been applied in the preparation of the Group 
financial statements is applicable law and UK-adopted International Financial Reporting 
Standards (UK adopted IFRS). The financial reporting framework that has been applied in 
the preparation of the Parent Company financial statements is applicable law and United 
Kingdom Accounting Standards, including Financial Reporting Standard 101 Reduced 
Disclosure Framework (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice). 
 
In our opinion the financial statements:  
• give a true and fair view of the state of the Group’s and of the Parent Company’s 
affairs as at 31 December 2024 and of the Group’s profit for the year then ended; 
• of the Group have been properly prepared in accordance with UK-adopted IFRS;  
• of the Parent Company have been properly prepared in accordance with United 
Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and 
• have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 
2006. 
 
Our opinion is consistent with our reporting to the Audit Committee. 
 
 
 

 
 
38
Basis for opinion 
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs 
(UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described 
in the Auditor Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements section of our 
report. We are independent of the Group in accordance with the ethical requirements that 
are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical 
Standard as applied to listed entities, and we have fulfilled our ethical responsibilities in 
accordance with those requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained 
is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. 
 
Conclusions relating to going concern  
In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the Directors' use of the going 
concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate. 
 
Our evaluation of the Directors’ assessment of the Group’s and the Parent Company’s 
ability to continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting included: 
• The consideration of inherent risks to the Group and Parent Company’s operations 
and specifically its business model and the evaluation of how those risks might 
impact on the Group and Parent Company’s available financial resources. 
• Evaluating the directors’ assessment of the Group’s ability to continue as a going 
concern, including an examination of cash flow forecasts, challenging the 
underlying data and key assumptions in those forecasts, being the operating 
expenses and planned funding for investments, used to make the assessment and 
comparing these to historical performance and post year-end information. 
• Examining management’s budgets and forecasts and their basis of preparation, 
including review and assessment of the model’s appropriateness and mechanical 
accuracy.  
• We assessed the reasonableness of management’s assumptions included within 
the forecasts, including considering the impact of the current macro-economic 
environment. We evaluated the effects on the group’s solvency and liquidity 
position, and performed sensitivity analysis on key cash changes.  
• Consideration of availability of funds (including fund-raising post year-end) required 
to settle obligations, as they fall due, during the going concern review period. 
Consideration of the Group’s cash balance at the date of signing of the auditor’s 
report, in addition to assessing amounts available in the group's listed investments, 
including consideration of lock-in periods. Assessing the reasonableness and 
practicality of the mitigation measures identified by management in their 
conservative case scenario and considered by them in arriving at their conclusions 
about the existence of any uncertainties in respect of going concern. 
 
Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties 
relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt 
on the Group’s and Parent Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period 
of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue. 
 
Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern 
are described in the relevant sections of this report. 
 
 
 

 
 
39
Overview of our audit approach 
Scope 
Our audit was scoped by obtaining an understanding of the Group, 
including the Parent Company, and its environment, including the 
Group’s system of internal control, and assessing the risks of 
material misstatement in the financial statements.  We also 
addressed the risk of management override of internal controls, 
including assessing whether there was evidence of bias by the 
directors that may have represented a risk of material 
misstatement. 
 
 
Materiality 
2024 
2023 
 
Group 
£600k 
£400k 
0.8% (2023: 0.8%) of gross assets 
Parent Company 
£236k 
£200k 
1% (2023: 0.9%) of gross assets 
 
Key audit matters 
Recurring 
• Valuation of investments in unquoted companies 
 
 
 
Key Audit Matters 
Key Audit Matters are those matters that, in our professional judgement, were of most 
significance in our audit of the financial statements of the current period and include the 
most significant assessed risks of material misstatement (whether or not due to fraud) that 
we identified. These matters included those matters which had the greatest effect on: the 
overall audit strategy; the allocation of resources in the audit; and directing the efforts of 
the engagement team. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the 
financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide 
a separate opinion on these matters.  
Valuation of investments in unquoted companies  
Key audit 
matter description 
Refer to Note 2 – Accounting policies and Note 12 – Financial 
Assets at fair value through profit and loss.  
 
As at 31 December 2024, the Group held a significant 
unquoted investment in Guident Limited, representing 
approximately 26% of the Group’s total assets.   
 
Guident is an early-stage technology business with no active 
market for its shares.  
The investment was valued using a combination of the most 
recent third-party funding round and an internally developed 
discounted cash flow (DCF) model. Due to the subjectivity 
involved in estimating future cash flows, the absence of a 
terminal value in the model, and sensitivity to the discount 
rate applied, we determined this to be a key audit matter. 

 
 
40
How the scope of our 
audit responded to 
the key audit matter 
Our audit work included, but was not restricted to the 
following:   
 
• 
We assessed the appropriateness of the directors’ 
accounting policy in respect of unquoted investments, 
in line with the requirements of the applicable 
accounting standards.   
• 
We reconciled management’s valuation methodology 
to the accounting policies and to the requirements of 
IFRS 13 ‘Fair Value Measurement’.  
• 
We involved third party valuation experts to critically 
assess management’s valuation methodology.  
• 
We audited management’s valuation, assessing the 
assumptions used, the valuation methodology, and 
the mechanics of the model.   
• 
We performed a review of the valuations sensitivity to 
the discount rates and other key areas of estimation 
and reviewed the sensitivity disclosure calculations.   
• 
We reviewed documentation related to the raising of 
capital of the relevant investment entities, to ascertain 
existence of any observable transactions and 
understand their relevance to the valuations.   
• 
We reconciled the fair value movements to the 
financial statements.   
• 
We reviewed the appropriateness of the Group’s 
financial statement disclosures in relation to the 
valuation of investments in unquoted companies, 
including; 
critical 
accounting 
judgements 
and 
estimates, valuation methodology, key valuation 
inputs and valuation uncertainty.  
Key 
observations 
communicated to the 
Audit Committee 
Based on our audit work detailed above, nothing has come 
to our attention that indicates that the Group’s valuation 
methodology in regard to unquoted investments is not in line 
with the requirements of IFRS 13.   
 
Our application of materiality   
Our definition of materiality considers the value of error or omission on the financial 
statements that, individually or in aggregate, would change or influence the economic 
decision 
of 
a 
reasonably 
knowledgeable 
user 
of 
those 
financial 
statements.  Misstatements below these levels will not necessarily be evaluated as 
immaterial as we also take account of the nature of identified misstatements, and the 
particular circumstances of their occurrence, when evaluating their effect on the financial 
statements as a whole. Materiality is used in planning the scope of our work, executing 
that work and evaluating the results.  
 
Group  
Overall 
Materiality  
$600,000 (2023:
$400,000)  
0.8% 
(2023: 
0.8%) 
of 
the 
Group’s 
gross 
assets  
Total assets were deemed to be the most 
appropriate benchmark to set materiality. 
The Group’s assets are principally made 
up of investments in portfolio companies. 

 
 
41
The potential future earnings of the 
investee entities is best reflected in the fair 
value of the portfolio, which is a KPI for the 
Group and, in our view, the primary metric 
of interest to users of the financial 
statements.   we deem to be the primary 
metric that the users of the financial 
statements are interested in.   
Performance 
Materiality  
$420,000 (2023:
$280,000)  
70% 
(2023: 
70%) 
of 
the 
above 
materiality 
levels  
Performance materiality is the application 
of materiality at the individual account or 
balance level, set at an amount to reduce, 
to 
an 
appropriately 
low 
level, 
the 
probability 
that 
the 
aggregate 
of 
uncorrected 
and 
undetected 
misstatements exceeds materiality for the 
financial statements as a whole.    
 
The 
determination 
of 
performance 
materiality reflects our assessment of the 
risk of undetected errors existing, the 
nature of the systems and controls and the 
level of misstatements arising in previous 
audits.   
De 
Minimis 
reporting 
threshold  
$30,000 (2023:
$20,000)  
5% of Overall 
Materiality  
We agreed to report any corrected or 
uncorrected adjustments exceeding this 
threshold to the Audit Committee as well 
as differences below that in our view 
warranted 
reporting 
on 
qualitative 
grounds.   
Parent Company  
Overall 
Materiality  
$236,000 (2023:
$200,000)  
1% 
(2023: 
0.9%) 
of 
the 
Parent 
Company’s 
gross assets  
Gross assets were deemed to be the most 
appropriate benchmark to set materiality 
as the parent primarily holds investments 
in the group’s subsidiaries. The materiality 
applied to the Parent Company was 
capped at below group materiality to 
mitigate the aggregated risk of material
error on consolidation.  
Performance 
Materiality  
$165,200 (2023:
$140,000)  
70% 
(2023: 
70%) 
of 
the 
above 
materiality 
levels  
Performance materiality is the application
of materiality at the individual account or 
balance level, set at an amount to reduce, 
to 
an 
appropriately 
low 
level, 
the 
probability 
that 
the 
aggregate 
of 
uncorrected 
and 
undetected 
misstatements exceeds materiality for the 
financial statements as a whole.    
 
The 
determination 
of 
performance 
materiality reflects our assessment of the 
risk of undetected errors existing, the 
nature of the systems and controls and the 

 
 
42
level of misstatements arising in previous 
audits. The determination of performance 
materiality reflects our assessment of the 
risk of undetected errors existing, the 
nature of the systems and controls and the 
level of misstatements arising in previous 
audits.   
De 
Minimis 
reporting 
threshold  
$11,800 (2023:
$10,000)  
5% of Overall 
Materiality  
We agreed to report any corrected or 
uncorrected adjustments exceeding this 
threshold to the Audit Committee as well 
as differences below that in our view 
warranted 
reporting 
on 
qualitative 
grounds.   
 
Overview of the scope of the Group and Parent Company audits 
Our assessment of audit risk, evaluation of materiality and our determination of 
performance materiality sets our audit scope for each company within the Group. Taken 
together, this enables us to form an opinion on the consolidated financial statements. This 
assessment takes into account the size, risk profile, organisation / distribution and 
effectiveness of group-wide controls, changes in the business environment and other 
factors such as recent internal audit results when assessing the level of work to be 
performed at each component. 
 
In assessing the risk of material misstatement to the consolidated financial statements, 
and to ensure we had adequate quantitative and qualitative coverage of significant 
accounts in the consolidated financial statements we identified all 3 components, two in 
the UK and one in the USA, as representing the principal business units within the Group.  
 
Full scope audits - Full scope audits of the complete financial information for each of the 
3 components (Tekcapital plc, Tekcapital Europe Limited and Tekcapital LLC) were 
undertaken. The procedures cover 100% of the group’s revenue, loss before tax and total 
assets.  
 
The control environment 
We evaluated the design and implementation of those internal controls of the Group, 
including the Parent Company, which are relevant to our audit, such as those relating to 
the financial reporting cycle.   
 
Reporting on other information  
The other information comprises the information included in the annual report other than 
the financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon. The directors are responsible 
for the other information contained within the annual report. Our opinion on the financial 
statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise 
explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion 
thereon. Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider 
whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or 
our knowledge obtained in the course of the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially 
misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material 
misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to a material 
misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have 
performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, 
we are required to report that fact.   

 
 
43
  
We have nothing to report in this regard. 
 
Strategic report and directors report  
In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit:  
• 
the information given in the strategic report and the directors’ report for the financial 
year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial 
statements; and  
• 
the strategic report and the directors’ report have been prepared in accordance with 
applicable legal requirements.  
  
In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the Group and the Parent Company 
and their environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material 
misstatements in the strategic report or the directors’ report.  
 
Matters on which we are required to report by exception 
We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the 
Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:  
• 
adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns 
adequate for our audit have not been received by branches not visited by us; or 
• 
the parent company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting 
records and returns; or 
• 
certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or 
• 
the part of the directors’ remuneration report to be audited is not in agreement with 
the accounting records and returns; or 
• 
we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit. 
 
Responsibilities of directors   
As explained more fully in the directors’ responsibilities statement, the directors are 
responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they 
give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is 
necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material 
misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.   
  
In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the 
Group’s and the Parent Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as 
applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of 
accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the Group or Parent Company or 
to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.   
 
 
Auditor responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements  
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements 
as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue 
an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of 
assurance but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) 
will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. 
 
Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or 
in aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of 
users taken on the basis of these financial statements.  

 
 
44
 
A further description of our responsibilities for the financial statements is located on the 
FRC’s website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities . This description forms part of 
our auditor’s report.   
 
Extent to which the audit was considered capable of detecting irregularities, 
including fraud 
Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. 
We design procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material 
misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud. 
 
These audit procedures were designed to provide reasonable assurance that the financial 
statements were free from fraud or error. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement 
due to fraud is higher than the risk of not detecting one resulting from error and detecting 
irregularities that result from fraud is inherently more difficult than detecting those that 
result from error, as fraud may involve collusion, deliberate concealment, forgery or 
intentional misrepresentations. Also, the further removed non-compliance with laws and 
regulations is from events and transactions reflected in the financial statements, the less 
likely we would become aware of it. 
 
Identifying and assessing potential risks arising from irregularities, including fraud 
The extent of the procedures undertaken to identify and assess the risks of material 
misstatement in respect of irregularities, including fraud, included the following: 
• We considered the nature of the industry and sector the control environment, 
business performance including remuneration policies and the Group’s, including 
the Parent Company’s, own risk assessment that irregularities might occur as a 
result of fraud or error. From our sector experience and through discussion with the 
directors, we obtained an understanding of the legal and regulatory frameworks 
applicable to the Group focusing on laws and regulations that could reasonably be 
expected to have a direct material effect on the financial statements, such as 
provisions of the Companies Act 2006, AIM listing rules and tax legislation. 
• We enquired of the directors and management concerning the Group’s and the 
Parent Company’s policies and procedures relating to: 
- 
identifying, evaluating and complying with the laws and regulations and 
whether they were aware of any instances of non-compliance; 
- 
detecting and responding to the risks of fraud and whether they had any 
knowledge of actual or suspected fraud; and 
- 
the internal controls established to mitigate risks related to fraud or non-
compliance with laws and regulations. 
We assessed the susceptibility of the financial statements to material misstatement, 
including how fraud might occur by evaluating management’s incentives and opportunities 
for manipulation of the financial statements. This included utilising the spectrum of inherent 
risk and an evaluation of the risk of management override of controls. We determined that 
the principal risks related to management bias in accounting estimates, particularly in 
determining the valuation of investments in unquoted companies, or posting inappropriate 
journal entries to increase revenue or reduce costs.    
 
Audit response to risks identified 
In respect of the above procedures: 

 
 
45
• we corroborated the results of our enquiries through our review of the minutes of 
the Group’s and the Parent Company’s board and audit committee meetings; 
• audit procedures performed by the engagement team in connection with the risks 
identified included: 
- 
reviewing financial statement disclosures and testing to supporting 
documentation to assess compliance with applicable laws and regulations 
expected to have a direct impact on the financial statements. 
- 
testing journal entries, including those processed late for financial 
statements preparation, those posted by infrequent or unexpected users, 
those posted to unusual account combinations; 
- 
evaluating the business rationale of significant transactions outside the 
normal course of business, and reviewing accounting estimates for bias; 
- 
enquiry of management around actual and potential litigation and claims. 
- 
challenging the assumptions and judgements made by management in its 
significant accounting estimates, in particular those relating to the valuation 
of investments in unquoted companies as reported in the key audit matter 
section of our report; and  
- 
obtaining confirmations from third parties to confirm existence of balances. 
• the Senior Statutory Auditor considered the experience and expertise of the 
engagement team to ensure that the team had the appropriate competence and 
capabilities; and 
• we communicated relevant laws and regulations and potential fraud risks to all 
engagement team members, including experts, and remained alert to any 
indications of fraud or non-compliance with laws and regulations throughout the 
audit. 
 
Use of our report  
This report is made solely to the Parent Company’s members, as a body, in accordance 
with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken 
so that we might state to the Parent Company’s members those matters we are required 
to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent 
permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the 
Parent Company and the Parent Company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for 
this report, or for the opinions we have formed.  
 
 
Andrew Gandell FCA (Senior Statutory Auditor)  
for and on behalf of MHA, Statutory Auditor  
London, United Kingdom   
22 May 2025 
 
MHA is the trading name of MHA Audit Services LLP, a limited liability partnership in 
England and Wales (registered number OC455542) 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
46
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF 
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEAR 
ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024 
 
  
           Year ended 
   Year ended 
Group 
Note 
         31 December  
 31 December  
  
                      2024 
2023 
  
                     US $ 
US $ 
Portfolio return and revenue 
  
  
  
Changes in fair value on financial assets at fair 
value though profit or loss 
12 
                  20,016,771 
(14,229,009) 
Revenue from services  
6 
425,986 
735,265 
Interest from financial assets at fair value through 
profit or loss 
6 
743,205 
455,096 
Other income 
6.1 
- 
20,384 
  
  
      21,185,962     (13,018,264)  
Administrative expenses and other expenses 
Cost of sales 
    7  
          (147,203)          (314,083)  
Operating expenses 
    7 
(1,879,773) 
(2,353,704) 
Operating profit/(loss) before tax 
  
      19,158,986  
(15,686,051) 
 
Income tax expense 
    9 
              (2,961)              (2,266)  
  
Profit/(loss) after tax for the year  
  
      19,156,025     (15,688,317)  
  
Other comprehensive income* 
Translation of foreign operations 
          (589,195)  
        900,722  
Total other comprehensive loss 
  
          (589,195)  
        900,722  
  
Total comprehensive income/(loss) for the year  
  
      18,566,830  
  
(14,787,595)  
  
Earnings per share  
Basic earnings per share  
10 
0.10  
(0.09) 
Diluted earnings per share  
10 
0.10  
(0.09) 
 
 
* May be reclassified to profit or loss in future years. 
All comprehensive income as presented above belongs to the owners of the Group. 
The notes on pages 51 to 82 are an integral part of these consolidated financial 
statements. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
47
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL 
POSITION AT 31 DECEMBER 2024 
 
 
 
  
  
As at 31 
December  
As at 31 
December  
Group 
Note 
2024 
2023 
  
  
US$ 
US$ 
Assets 
Non-current assets 
Intangible assets 
13 
- 
  
              218,158  
Financial assets at fair value through profit and loss  
12 
69,201,744  
  46,653,995  
Property, plant and equipment 
14 
                    7,152  
                14,271  
  
  
             69,208,896  
  
46,886,424  
Current assets 
Trade and other receivables 
15 
               644,365   
           1,114,753  
Cash and cash equivalents 
16 
                  786,290  
              620,248  
  
  
               1,430,655  
           1,735,001  
Total assets 
  
             70,639,551  
         48,621,425  
Current liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
19 
                  548,725  
              517,154  
Deferred revenue 
20 
                 22,844   
              217,391  
  
  
                  571,569  
              734,545  
  
  
  
  
Total liabilities 
  
                  571,569  
              734,545  
Net assets 
  
             70,067,982  
          47,886,880   
 
Equity attributable to owners of the Parent 
Ordinary shares 
18 
  
1,142,071  
              973,329  
Share premium 
             32,297,956  
         28,937,011  
Retained earnings 
             36,314,227 
         17,073,617  
Translation reserve 
               385,897   
             975,092  
Other reserve 
                  (72,169)  
              (72,169)  
Total equity 
  
             70,067,982  
         47,886,880  
 
The notes on pages 51 to 82 are an integral part of these financial statements. 
 
The financial statements on pages 46 to 82 were approved and authorised for issue by 
the Board of Directors on 22 May 2025 and were signed on its behalf. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Louis Castro 
Director 
 
Tekcapital PLC 
registered number 
08873361 
Dr Clifford M Gross 
Chairman and CEO 

 
 
48
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY FOR YEAR 
ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024 
 
 
Attributable to equity holders of the parent company 
  
  
Ordinary  
Share  
Translation 
Other 
Retained 
Total 
Group 
Note 
Shares 
Premium 
Reserve 
Reserve 
Earnings 
Equity 
  
  
US $ 
US $ 
US $ 
US $ 
 US $  
US $ 
At 31 December 2022 
  
             839,723   
             24,240,930   
                 74,370             (72,169)  
                      32,682,276   
             57,765,130   
 
Loss for the period 
- 
- 
- 
- 
                    (15,688,317)                    (15,688,317)  
Other comprehensive loss 
- 
- 
900,722   
- 
 
                      900,722   
Total comprehensive loss for the year 
  
                  -                    900,722   
- 
                 (15,688,317)  
        (14,787,595)  
Transactions with owners, recorded  
   directly in equity 
Share issue 
18 
           133,606   
              5,045,893   
                   -   
                -   
                            -   
                   5,179,499   
Cost of share issue 
                  -   
              (349,812)  
                   -   
                -   
                            -   
                     (349,812)  
Share issue in share option exercise 
18 
                             -                                  -                               -   
                -   
                            -   
                         -   
Share based payments 
24 
                  -   
                       -   
                   -   
                -                                79,658   
                  79,658   
Total transactions with owners 
  
     133,606   
       4,696,081   
                   -   
                -   
                  79,658   
      4,909,345   
At 31 December 2023 
  
             973,329   
              28,937,011   
            975,092   
          (72,169)  
                      17,073,617   
                  47,886,880   
Profit for the year 
                     19,156,025  
 19,156,025 
Other comprehensive loss 
       (589,195)   
         (589,195)   
Total comprehensive profit for the year 
  
                  -   
                       -   
       (589,195)   
                -   
         19,156,025  
   18,566,830  
Transactions with owners, recorded  
   directly in equity 
                      -   
Share issue 
18 
           168,742   
           3,626,796   
                   -   
                -   
                            -   
                   3,795,538 
Cost of share issue 
                  -   
          (265,851)  
                   -   
                -   
                            -                         (265,851)  
Share issue in share option exercise 
18 
                             -   
                       -    
                   -   
                -   
                            -   
                         -   
Share based payments 
24 
                  -   
                       -    
                   -   
                -   
                  84,585   
                  84,585   
Total transactions with owners 
  
     168,742   
   3,360,945   
                   -   
                -   
                  84,585   
      3,614,272   
At 31 December 2024 
  
             1,142,071                 32,297,956                   385,897 
         (72,169)  
                      36,314,227                      70,067,982 

 
 
 
49
Share premium - amount subscribed for share capital in excess of nominal value, net of 
directly attributable costs. 
 
Translation reserve - foreign exchange differences recognized in other comprehensive 
income. 
 
Other reserve – historic other reserve outside of share premium, translation reserve and 
share premium.   
 
Retained earnings - cumulative net gains and losses recognised in the consolidated 
statement of comprehensive income, net of dividends paid. 
 
The notes on pages 51 to 82 are an integral part of these financial statements. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
50
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024 
 
Note  
Year ended 31 
December 2024 
Year ended 31 
December 2023 
  
  
  
US $ 
US $ 
Cash flows from operating activities 
Income/(Loss) after income tax 
   19,156,025 
   (15,688,317)  
Adjustments for  
 - Depreciation 
               7,120  
               2,523  
 - Amortisation 
            34,911  
            83,786  
 - Share based payment expense 
            84,585  
            79,658  
 - Management services income 
 
 
        (326,144)  
        (455,777)  
 - Interest from financial assets at FVTP&L 
 
 
        (743,205)  
        (455,096)  
 - Unrealised (gains)/losses on foreign 
exchange 
 
 
(8,473)  
          620,843  
 - Fair value (gain)/losses on financial 
assets at FVTP&L 
 
 
    (20,016,772)  
    14,229,009  
Movement in working capital: 
 
 
 
 
 - Movement in trade and other receivables  
 
 
        470,388  
        (26,710)  
-  Deferred revenue movement 
 
 
            (194,548)  
            44,781  
 - Movement in trade and other payables 
 
 
          31,568  
          301,156  
Net cash outflows from operating 
activities 
  
  
     (1,504,545)  
     (1,264,144)  
Cash flows from investing activities 
Additions to financial assets at fair value 
through profit and loss 
12 
     (3,200,305)  
     (3,999,072)  
Proceeds from disposals of financial assets 
at fair value through profit and loss 
12 
          1,381,440  
          478,008  
Purchases of intangibles 
        
13 
- 
(59,004) 
Purchases of property, plant and equipment 
14 
             -  
             (6,825)  
Net cash outflows investing activities 
  
  
     (1,818,865)  
     (3,586,893)  
Cash flows from financing activities 
Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares 
     18  
       3,795,538  
       5,179,498  
Costs of raising finance 
 18 
        (265,851)  
        (349,812)  
Net cash inflows from financing 
activities 
  
  
       3,529,687  
       4,829,686  
Net (decrease)/increase in cash and 
cash equivalents 
               206,277  
  
271,543  
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 
16 
          620,248  
       628,640  
Exchange gains/(losses) on cash and cash equivalents 
           (40,235)  
          12,961  
Cash and cash equivalents at end of 
period/year 
  
16 
          786,290  
          620,248  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
51
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
 
1. GENERAL INFORMATION 
 
Tekcapital PLC (Companies House registration number: 08873361) is a Company 
incorporated in England and Wales and domiciled in the UK. The address of the registered 
office is detailed on page 36 of these financial statements. The Company is a public limited 
company limited by shares, which listed on the AIM market of the London Stock Exchange 
in 2014. The principal activity of the Group is to provide universities and corporate clients 
with valuable technology transfer services. The Group also acquires exclusive licences to 
university technologies that it believes can positively impact people’s lives, for subsequent 
commercialisation. 
 
The material accounting policies applied in the preparation of these consolidated financial 
statements are set out below. These policies have been consistently applied to all the 
years presented, unless otherwise stated. The amounts presented in the consolidated 
financial statements are comparable to consolidated financial statements for the year 
ended 31 December 2023.  
 
Amounts presented in this report are rounded to nearest US$1. 
 
2. MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES   
2.1 STATEMENT OF COMPLIANCE 
 
The consolidated financial statements of Tekcapital  have been prepared in accordance 
with the UK-adopted International Financial Reporting Standard ("UK adopted IFRS") 
and those parts of the Companies Act 2006 that are relevant to companies which report 
in accordance with UK adopted IFRS. The consolidated financial statements have been 
prepared under the historical cost convention.  The consolidated financial statements 
comprise the financial statements of Tekcapital plc and its subsidiaries, Tekcapital 
Europe Ltd and Tekcapital LLC. 
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with UK-adopted International 
Financial Reporting Standards requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It 
requires  management to exercise its judgement in the process of applying the Group’s 
accounting policies. The areas involving a higher degree of judgment or complexity, or 
areas where assumptions and estimates are significant to the consolidated financial 
statements are disclosed in note 4. 
 
2.1.1 GOING CONCERN 
 
The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis.  
 
The Group and Company meet their day to day working capital requirements through 
service offerings, monetisation of quoted equity stakes and monies raised through issues 
of equity. As disclosed in note 26, the Group announced a placing to raise £500,000 in 
February 2025. This has resulted in an increase in the Group’s cash balance since the 
year end.  
 

 
 
52
The Group’s forecasts and projections indicate that the Group and Company have 
sufficient cash reserves to operate within the level of its current funds. The forecasts and  
projections included assumptions and estimation uncertainties related to Group’s service 
revenues, cost of goods sold and operating expenses, as determined by impact to the 
cash runway of the Group and the Company. Most material significant assumptions 
include Company’s payroll, which is limited to a handful of employees, and Company’s 
investing cash flows related to its portfolio companies. The Group has no third party debt 
facilities.   
 
The Directors have prepared detailed cash flow projections for the period to 31 May 2026 
(“going concern assessment period”). The cash flow projections have been subjected to 
sensitivity analysis which demonstrate that the Group and Company will maintain a 
positive cash balance through the going concern assessment period.  
 
 
The Directors have also considered the geo-political environment, including rising inflation, 
and whilst the impact on the Group is currently deemed minimal, the Directors remain 
vigilant.  
 
On this basis, the Directors have therefore concluded that it is appropriate to prepare the 
financial statements on a going concern basis. 
 
2.1.2  CHANGES  IN ACCOUNTING POLICY AND DISCLOSURES 
Standards and Interpretations not yet effective  
The Group has applied the following standards and amendments for the first time for its 
annual reporting period commencing 1 January 2024:  
• IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts;  
• Definition of Accounting Estimates – amendments to IAS 8;  
• International Tax Reform – Pillar Tow Model Rules – amendments to IAS 12;  
• Deferred Tax related to Assets and Liabilities arising from a Single Transaction – 
amendments to IAS 12; and  
• Disclosure of Accounting Policies – Amendments to IAS 1 and IFRS Practice 
Statement 2.  
The amendments listed above did not have any impact on the amounts recognised in 
prior periods and are not expected to significantly affect the current or future periods.  
There are a number of standards, amendments to standards, and interpretations which 
have been issued that are effective in future accounting periods that the Group has 
decided not to adopt early as they will not have a significant impact on the presentation of 
the Group financial statements. 
 
2.2   CONSOLIDATION 
 
The consolidated financial statements comprise the financial statements of Tekcapital PLC 
and all subsidiaries controlled by it, except for indirect subsidiaries. These indirect 

 
 
53
subsidiaries are classified as equity investments based on their purpose, as those 
subsidiaries represent investment assets for the Group. 
 
Subsidiaries are entities that are controlled by the Group. Control is achieved when the 
Group has the power to govern the financial and operating policies of an entity so as to 
obtain economic benefit from its activities. Intercompany transactions, balances and 
unrealised gains on transactions between Group companies are eliminated. Unrealised 
losses are also eliminated when necessary amounts reported by subsidiaries have been 
adjusted to conform to the Group’s accounting policies. 
 
2.3 FOREIGN CURRENCIES 
 
(a) Functional and presentation currency 
These consolidated financial statements are presented in US Dollars which is the 
presentation currency of the Group. The Directors consider this to be the most appropriate 
presentational currency. Each subsidiary within the Group has its own functional currency 
which is dependent on the primary economic environment in which that subsidiary 
operates. The functional currency of Tekcapital Plc is UK sterling as this is the currency 
the entity undertakes its primary economic activity. 
 
(b) Transactions and Balances 
Foreign currency transactions are translated into functional currency using the exchange 
rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions or valuation where items are re-measured. 
Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and 
from the translation at the year-end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities 
denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in the income statement. Foreign 
exchange gains and losses that relate to cash and cash equivalents are presented in the 
consolidated statement of comprehensive income statement within ‘operating expenses’. 
 
(c) Group companies 
The results and financial position of all Group entities (none of which has the currency of 
a hyper-inflationary economy) that have a functional currency different from the 
presentation currency are translated into the presentation currency as follows: 
 
(i) Monetary assets and liabilities for each balance sheet presented are translated at the 
closing exchange rates at the date of that balance sheet. 
(ii) Income and expense for each income statement are translated at the average rates of 
exchange during the period (unless this average is not a reasonable approximation of the 
cumulative effect of the rates prevailing on the transaction dates, in which case income 
and expenses are translated at the rate on the dates of the transactions) 
(iii) All resulting exchange differences are recognized in other comprehensive income. 
 
2.4 INVESTMENT IN PORTFOLIO COMPANIES 
Investments in portfolio companies are held at fair value through the profit and loss. 
Directors’ judgment was exercised in determination that the Group meets the following 
criteria and should be recognized as an investment entity under IFRS 10 par. 27. Directors 
re-evaluated the below criteria and concluded they were met as at 31 December 2024: 
 
• Obtains funds from one or more investors for the purpose of providing clients with 
investment management services 
• Commits to its investors that its business purpose is to invest funds solely for return 
from capital appreciation, investment income or both 

 
 
54
• Measures and evaluate the performance of substantially all of its investments on a 
fair value basis. 
 
Tekcapital’s IP search and technology transfer investment services represent investment 
advisory services, and therefore Tekcapital Europe Limited and Tekcapital LLC continue 
to be treated as subsidiaries and are consolidated in the Group financial statements. 
These services may be provided to investors, clients and third parties. The Board 
considers that the criteria are met in the group’s current circumstances. 
 
The Board envisages that Tekcapital’s shareholder returns will derive primarily from mid 
to long-term capital appreciation of a portion of its intellectual property investments, as well 
as from providing IP investment services to clients. Consequently, the Group’s portfolio 
companies are measured at fair value in accordance with IFRS 9 as disclosed in Note 
2.8.3. 
 
2.5 PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 
Property, plant and equipment is stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation. 
Historical cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the 
items. Subsequent costs are included in the asset’s carrying amount or recognised as a 
separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits 
associated with the item will flow to the Group and the cost of the item can be measured 
reliably. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to the income statement during 
the financial period in which they are incurred. Depreciation of assets are calculated to 
write off the cost less the estimated residual value of tangible fixed assets by equal 
instalments over the estimated useful economic lives as follows: 
 
Furniture 
 
3 years 
Computer equipment  
3 years 
Leasehold improvements 5 years 
 
The assets’ residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at 
the end of each reporting period. The asset’s carrying amount is written down immediately 
to its recoverable amount if the assets carrying value is greater than its estimated  
recoverable amount. Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing 
proceeds with the carrying amount and are recognised within ‘Operating expenses’ in the 
income statement.  
 
2.6 INTANGIBLE ASSETS 
Intangible assets that are acquired by the Group are stated at cost less accumulated 
amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. Amortisation is charged to the 
administrative expenses in the Statement of Comprehensive Income on a straight-line 
basis over the estimated useful lives of intangible assets unless such lives are indefinite. 
 
(a)  INVENTION EVALUATOR 
 
This is an intangible asset and a piece of computer software acquired for use by one of 
the subsidiaries of the Group. 
 
The estimated useful life of the Invention Evaluator intangible asset is 10 years. The 
useful life is estimated based upon management’s best estimate of the expected life of 
the asset. The useful life is reconsidered if circumstances relating to the asset change or 
if there is an indication that the initial estimate requires revision. 

 
 
55
 
The intangible asset has a finite life of 10 years over which amortisation is charged on a 
straight line basis.  
 
On June 4, 2024, Tekcapital LLC entered into an agreement with its newly formed 
subsidiary, GenIP Ltd, to sell Invention Evaluator at the Net Book Value of the intangible 
asset at the transaction date. As such, disposal of gross cost of US$397,773 and 
accumulated amortization of US$318,879 was recorded. 
 
(b)  COMPUTER SOFTWARE AND WEBSITE DEVELOPMENT 
 
Costs associated with maintaining computer software programmes and the Company 
website are recognised as an expense as incurred. Development costs that are directly 
attributable to the design and testing of identifiable and unique software products 
controlled by the Group are recognised as intangible assets when the following criteria are 
met: 
 
(i) 
it is technically feasible to complete the software product so that it will be available 
for use; 
(ii) 
management intends to complete the software product and use or sell it; 
(iii) 
there is an ability to use or sell the software product; 
(iv) 
it can be demonstrated how the software product will generate probable future 
economic benefits; 
(v) 
adequate technical, financial and other resources to complete the development and 
to use or sell thesoftware product is available; and 
(vi) 
the expenditure attributable to the software product during its development can be 
reliably measured. 
 
Computer software development costs recognised as assets are amortised over their 
estimated useful lives, which do not exceed four years. 
 
(c) VORTECHS GROUP 
 
This is an intangible asset acquired for use by one of the subsidiaries of the Group. The 
estimated useful life of the Vortechs Group intangible asset is 10 years over which 
amoritsation is charged on a straightline basis. The useful life is estimated based upon 
management’s best estimate of the expected life of the asset. The useful life is 
reconsidered if circumstances relating to the asset change or if there is an indication that 
the initial estimate requires revision. 
 
On June 4, 2024, Tekcapital LLC entered into an agreement with its newly formed 
subsidiary, GenIP Ltd, to sell Vortechs  at the Net Book Value of the intangible asset at 
the transaction date. As such, disposal of gross cost of US$500,000 and accumulated 
amortization of US$395,646 was recorded. 
 
2.7 IMPAIRMENT OF NON-FINANCIAL ASSETS 
 
Intangible assets that have an indefinite useful life or intangible assets not ready to use 
are not subject to amortisation and are tested annually for impairment. Assets that are 
subject to amortisation are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in 

 
 
56
circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment 
loss is recognized for the amount by which the asset’s carrying value exceeds its 
recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value less 
costs of disposal and value in use. For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are  
grouped at the lowest levels for which there are largely independent cash inflows, (CGUs). 
Prior impairments of non-financial assets are reviewed for possible reversal at each 
reporting date. 
 
2.8   FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 
2.8.1  CLASSIFICATION AND MEASUREMENT 
 
The Group classifies its financial assets depending on the purpose for which the asset was 
acquired. Management determines the classification of its financial assets at initial 
recognition. 
 
During the financial year the Group held investments in portfolio companies classified as 
equity  investments. They are included in non-current assets and are measured at fair 
value through profit and loss in accordance with IFRS 9. 
 
The Group has convertible loan note receivables. These financial assets are classified and 
measured at fair value through profit and loss in accordance with IFRS 9. 
 
The Group also has receivables carried at amortised cost. They are included in current 
assets. The Group’s service income receivables comprise ‘trade and other receivables’ in 
the balance sheet, also held at amortised cost. The Group also has cash and cash 
equivalents. 
 
All short-term liabilities are measured at amortised cost, the Group does not hold any long-
term financial liabilities.  
 
2.8.2  DERECOGNITION  
Loans and receivables are recognised and carried at amortised cost. Financial assets are 
derecognised when the rights to receive cash flows from the loans or receivables have 
been collected, expired or transferred and the Group has subsequently transferred 
substantially all risks and rewards of ownership.  
 
2.8.3  FAIR VALUE 
 
Financial instruments are measured at fair value including investments in portfolio 
companies, cash and cash equivalents, trade and other receivables, trade and other 
payables, and convertible loan note receivables. This measurement policy does not apply 
to subsequent measurement at  amortised cost of short term financial liabilities and trade 
receivables. 
 
The Group measures portfolio companies using valuation techniques appropriate in the 
circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising 
the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs. Our 
fair value valuation policy is as follows: 
 
The fair value of new portfolio companies is estimated at the cost of the acquired IP or 
equity plus associated expenses to facilitate the acquisition. 

 
 
57
 
Existing portfolio companies are valued as follows: 
 
• If a market transaction such as third-party funding has occurred during the past 12 
months, we will value our ownership in the portfolio Company at this observed 
valuation, taking account of any observed material changes during the period, 
including quoted prices in active markets (Level 1 input). 
• In the absence of a recent market transaction, fair value will be estimated by 
alternative methods and where appropriate by an external, qualified valuation 
expert. The valuation techniques fall under Level 2 – Observable techniques other 
quoted prices and Level 3 - other techniques as defined by IFRS 13. 
 
Due to their short-term nature, the carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, trade and 
other receivables, and trade and other payables approximate their fair value.  
 
2.9  OFFSETTING FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 
 
Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount reported in the balance sheet 
when there is a legally enforceable right to offset the recognised amounts and there is the 
intention to settle on a net basis or realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. 
 
2.10  IMPAIRMENT OF FINANCIAL ASSETS 
 
Impairment provisions for trade receivables are recognized based on the simplified 
approach within IFRS 9 using the lifetime expected credit losses. During this process the 
probability of the non-payment of the trade receivables is assessed, including forward-
looking information on customers standing and macroeconomic information including 
sector specific circumstances This probability is then multiplied by the amount of the 
expected loss arising from default to determine the lifetime expected credit loss for the 
trade receivables. For trade receivables, which are reported net, such provisions are 
recorded in a separate provision account with the loss being recognized within operating 
expenses in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income. On confirmation that 
the trade receivable will not be collectable, the gross carrying value of the asset is written 
off against the associated provision. 
Financial assets held at amortised cost comprise trade and other receivables, and cash 
and cash equivalents in the consolidated statements of financial position.  
 
2.11 CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS 
In the consolidated statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents includes cash in 
hand, deposits held at call with banks and other financial institutions, and other short term 
highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less from inception. These 
amounts are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value and are held to meet short-
term cash needs.  
 
2.12  SHARE CAPITAL 
Ordinary Shares 
Ordinary Shares are classified as equity. 
  
Share premium 
The share premium account has been established to represent the excess of proceeds 
over the nominal value for all share issues, including the excess of the exercise share 
price over the nominal value of the shares on the exercise of share options as and when 

 
 
58
they  occur. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of new ordinary shares and 
new shares options are shown in equity as a deduction, net of tax, from the proceeds. 
 
2.13       TRADE PAYABLES 
Trade payables are obligations to pay for goods and services that have been acquired in 
the ordinary course of business from suppliers.  Accounts payable are classified as current  
liabilities if payment is due within one year or less (or in the normal operating cycle of 
business if longer). If not, they are presented as non-current liabilities. 
Trade payables are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently measured at 
amortised cost using the effective interest rate method. 
 
2.14  SHARE BASED PAYMENTS 
The Group operates a number of equity-settled, share-based compensation plans, under 
which the entity receives services from employees as consideration for equity instruments 
(options) of the Group. The fair value of the employee services received in exchange for 
the grant of options is recognised as an expense. The total amount to be expensed is 
determined by reference to the fair value of the options granted: 
 
• 
Including any market performance conditions; 
• 
excluding the impact of any service and non-market performance vesting conditions 
(for example, profitability, sales growth targets and remaining an employee of the 
entity over a specified time period);  
• 
excluding the impact of any non-vesting conditions (for example the requirement of 
the employees to save). 
 
Assumptions about the number of options that are expected to vest include consideration 
of non-market vesting conditions. The total expense is recognised over the vesting period, 
which is the period over which all of the specified vesting conditions are to be satisfied.  At 
the end of each reporting period, the entity revises its estimates of the number of options 
that are expected to vest based on the non-market vesting conditions. It recognises the 
impact of the revision to the original estimates, if any, in the income statement, with a 
corresponding adjustment to equity. 
When the options are exercised, the Group issues new shares. The proceeds received 
net of any directly attributable transactions costs are credited to share capital (nominal 
value) and share premium when the options are exercised. 
 
2.15 CURRENT AND DEFERRED TAX 
The tax expense for the year comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the 
consolidated income statement, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in 
other comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case, the tax is also recognised 
in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively. 
 
The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of tax laws enacted or 
substantively enacted at the balance sheet date in the countries where the Company and 
its subsidiaries operate and generate taxable income. Management periodically evaluates 
positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulation 
is subject to interpretation. It establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of 
amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities. 
 
Deferred income tax is recognised on temporary differences arising between the tax bases 
of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the consolidated financial statements. 

 
 
59
However, deferred tax liabilities are not recognised if they arise from the initial recognition 
of goodwill; deferred income tax is not accounted for if it arises from initial recognition of 
an asset or liability in a transaction other than a business combination that at the time of 
the transaction affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss. 
 
Deferred income tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or 
substantively enacted by the balance sheet date and are expected to apply when the 
related deferred income tax asset is realised or the deferred income tax liability is settled. 
 
Deferred income tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that future 
taxable profit will be available against  which the temporary differences can be utilised. 
 
Deferred income tax liabilities are provided on taxable temporary differences arising from 
investments in subsidiaries except for deferred income tax liability where the timing of the 
reversal of the temporary difference is controlled by the Group and it is probable that the 
temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. 
 
Deferred income tax assets are recognised on deductible temporary differences arising 
from investments in subsidiaries only to the extent that it is probable the temporary 
difference will reverse in full in the future and there is sufficient taxable profit available 
against which the temporary difference can be utilised. 
 
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable 
right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when the deferred income 
tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on 
either the same taxable entity or different taxable entities where there is an intention to 
settle balances on a net basis. 
 
2.16  REVENUE RECOGNITION 
Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, and 
represents amounts receivable for the services supplied, stated net of discounts, and value 
added taxes. The Group recognises revenue when the contract is identified, performance 
obligation is determined, transaction price (as defined for each service below) is 
determined and allocated to performance obligation in accordance with IFRS 15. 
 
Provision of services 
 
The Group provided following lines of services during the period: 
Through 4 June 2024 (date of the asset sale agreement with GenIP Ltd): 
• 
Invention Evaluator services: provision of reports assessing potential of any new 
technology. Revenue is recognised upon delivery of a complete report, when the 
report is made available to each customer. Upon access to the report delivered via 
online portal, customers consume the benefits of the contractual obligation, and the 
performance obligation is met. Directors consider transaction price to be clearly 
determined upon payment of fixed fee for each report prior to report’s delivery. 
Directors considered uncertainty of cash flows from sales to be limited, considering 
prepayment is made for each report prior to report’s delivery.  
• 
Tech transfer recruitment services (Vortechs Group): recruitment services 
specialising in technology transfer executives. Revenue is recognised upon 
placement of an executive, when hire is made by Tekcapital’s customer and the 
performance obligation is met. Directors consider transaction price to be clearly 
determined when both parties agree to placement fee for each successful hire. 

 
 
60
Directors considered uncertainty of cash flows from sales to be limited, considering 
payments are made by universities with excellent track record of payments and 
clear definition of performance obligation upon which such payment is made.  The 
timing of satisfaction of the performance obligation (hiring of a candidate) 
corresponds to timing of payment that’s due upon a candidate time of hire.  
 
Through 31 December 2024: 
• 
Management services: accounting, tax, legal and other services provided to 
portfolio companies. Revenue is recognized upon delivery of services to each 
portfolio Company and performance obligation is met as defined in the 
management service contract. Directors considering transaction price to be clearly 
determined by amounts specified in the management service agreements. 
Directors considered uncertainty of cash flows from sales to be limited, considering 
payments are made by companies with excellent track record of payments and 
clear definition of performance obligation upon which such payment is made.  
 
For breakdown of revenue from services recognised over time and at point of time, please 
refer to Note 6 to Financial Statements. 
 
2.17 OTHER INCOME 
The Group recognises research and development (R&D) relief under other income. 
 
2.18 INTEREST INCOME 
Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and 
at the effective interest rate applicable (10%). 
 
3. FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT 
3.1 FINANCIAL RISK FACTORS 
 
(a) Portfolio risk/investment management 
 
Investment into portfolio companies held by the Group requires long-term commitment 
with no certainty of return.  
 
The fair value of each portfolio Company represents the best estimate at a point in time 
and may be impaired if the business does not perform as well as expected, directly 
impacting the Group’s value and profitability. This risk is mitigated as the size of the 
portfolio increases. The Group performed sensitivity analysis with regards to assumptions 
used in determination of fair value of the portfolio in Note 12.  
  
The Group also regularly monitors portfolio companies’ liquidity required for returns to 
occur.  
 
(b) Credit risk management  
 
Credit risk is managed on a Group basis. In order to minimise this risk, the Group 
endeavours to only deal with companies that are demonstrable creditworthy, and the 
Directors continuously monitor the exposure. The Directors determine the default as lack 
of payment after more than 180 days and or counter party’s bankruptcy filings. The 
Group’s maximum exposure to credit risk for the components of financial position at 31 
December 2024 and 31 December 2023 is the carrying amount of its current trade and 
other receivables as illustrated in Note 15. 

 
 
61
 
While IFRS 9 does not require expected credit loss allowance on assets held at fair value 
through profit and loss, the Group monitors credit risk related to performance of portfolio 
companies, including considerations related to recoverability of convertible loan notes held 
as carrying amount of notes represent the maximum exposure to credit risk. Progress is  
monitored and regular discussions are held with management of portfolio companies to 
assess commercial progress and financial information provided.   
 
IFRS9 requires the Company to assess expected credit losses on assets classified as held 
at amortised cost, under a forward-looking model approach. For the Group accounts this 
includes Receivables from related parties and other immaterial receivables. For the 
Company accounts this includes Receivables from Group Companies. 
 
The Group also monitors credit risk from balances with banks and institutions. 
 
(c) Liquidity risk management 
Cash flow forecasting is performed on a Group basis. The Directors monitor rolling 
forecasts of the Group’s liquidity requirements to ensure it has sufficient cash to meet 
operational needs. Post period end, the Group announced placing to raise GBP 500,000 
in February 2025. At the reporting date the Group held bank balances of approximately 
US$400,000. All amounts shown in the consolidated statement of financial position under 
current assets and current liabilities mature for payment within one year, with Trade and 
Other Receivables exceeding Trade and Other Payables by US$ 95,642. Additionally, the 
Group’s investment portfolio includes significant amount of liquid investments available as 
an alternative funding strategy. 
 
(d) Financial risk management 
The Company’s Directors review the financial risk of the Group. Due to the early stage of 
its operations the Group has not entered into any form of financial instruments to assist in 
the management of risk during the period under review. 
 
(e) Market risk management 
Due to low value and number of financial transactions that involve foreign currency and 
the fact that the Group has no borrowings to  manage, the Directors have not entered into 
any arrangements, adopted or approved the use of derivative financial instruments to 
assist in  the management of the exposure of these risks. It is their view that any exchange 
risks on such transactions are negligible. 
 
The Group also regularly monitors risk related to fair value of financial instruments held 
such as convertible loan notes held.  
 
(f) Foreign exchange risk management 
Foreign exchange risk arises when individual Group entities enter into transactions 
denominated in a currency other than their functional currency. The Group’s policy is, 
where possible, to allow Group entities to settle liabilities denominated in their functional 
currency, with the cash generated from their own operations in that currency. Where Group 
entities have liabilities denominated in a currency other than their functional currency (and 
have insufficient reserves of that currency to settle them), cash already denominated in 
that currency will, where possible, be transferred from elsewhere within the Group.  
 
A sensitivity analysis has been performed to assess the exposure of the Group to foreign 
exchange movements. The Group only has exposure to movements of the US dollar 

 
 
62
against UK Sterling. As at 31 December 2024, the Group’s UK Sterling net exposure 
relating to cash, receivables and payables denominated in UK Sterling totals $528,063. A 
10% strengthening or weakening of the US dollar against the UK Sterling would have result 
in the increase/decrease of Group’s net profit by US$2,082,517. 
 
(g) Interest rate risk management 
 
The Group has no borrowings. 
 
3.2 CAPITAL MANAGEMENT 
The Group’s objectives when managing capital are to safeguard the Group’s ability to 
continue as a going concern in order to provide returns for shareholders, benefits for other 
stakeholders and to maintain an optimal capital structure to reduce the cost of capital. 
 
In order to adjust or maintain the capital structure, the Group may adjust the level of 
dividends paid to its shareholders, return capital to shareholders, issue new shares or sell 
assets to reduce borrowings. The Group has no external borrowings. This policy is 
periodically reviewed by the Directors, and the Group’s strategy remains unchanged for 
the foreseeable future. 
 
The capital structure of the Group consists of cash and bank balances and equity 
consisting of issued share capital, reserves and retained losses of the Group. The 
Directors regularly review the capital structure of the Company and consider the cost of 
capital and the  associated risks with each class of capital.  
 
The Company’s historic cost of capital has been the cost of securing equity financings, 
which have averaged around 10%. the Company’s long-term financial goal is to optimise 
its returns on invested capital (ROIC) in excess of our weighted average cost of capital 
(WACC) and as such create value for our shareholders. The method the Company seeks 
to employ for achieving this is to utilise its structural intellectual capital developed through 
its Discovery Search Network, its Invention Evaluator service and its Vortechs Group 
Service to mitigate selection bias and improve returns on invested capital. Ultimately, 
management will seek to monetise these returns with exits from its investments in portfolio 
companies. 
 
 
4. CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND JUDGEMENTS 
Estimates and judgements are continually evaluated and are based on historical 
experience and other factors, including expectations of  future events that are believed to 
be reasonable under the circumstances. The Directors made the following judgements: 
- 
determination as to the classification of the Group as an investment entity as 
discussed in Note 2.4 
- 
determination of operating segments as disclosed in Note 5 
- 
determination of reliance of the Group’s portfolio companies on funding to achieve 
their fair values discussed in Note 12. 
 
The Directors also make estimates and assumptions concerning the future. The resulting 
accounting estimates will by definition, seldom equal the related actual results. The 
estimates and assumptions that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to 
the carrying value of the assets and liabilities within the next financial year are detailed 
below. 
 

 
 
63
Key 
estimate/ 
judgment area 
Key assumption 
Potential  
impact 
within  
the next  
financial 
year 
Potential  
impact 
in  the 
longer  
term 
Note 
reference 
for  
sensitivity  
analysis 
Valuation 
of  
unquoted  equity 
investments 
In applying valuation techniques 
to determine the fair value of 
unquoted equity investments the 
Group makes estimates and 
assumptions regarding the future 
potential of the investments. The 
policy of the Group is to value 
new portfolio companies at cost 
of the acquired IP or equity plus 
associated expenses to facilitate 
the acquisition. Existing portfolio 
companies are valued using 
either a market transaction such 
as third-party funding or, in the 
absence of a recent market 
transaction, 
by 
alternative 
methods and where appropriate 
by an external, qualified valuation 
expert.  
The fair value of Guident Limited 
reflects input in the form of value 
of Guident Ltd’s shares in its US 
subsidiary (Guident Corp) as 
determined by recent market 
transactions of these shares. 
Yes 
Yes 
Note 12 
Valuation  
of  
unquoted 
equity 
investments 
This input was corroborated by 
Guident’s enterprise valuation by 
estimating the net present value 
of future cashflows associated 
with 
its 
business. 
Key 
assumptions used in estimating 
future cash flows are projected 
profits including remote monitor 
sales and a discount factor 
applied for the net present value 
of future cashflows from the 
platform.  
 
Yes 
Yes 
Note 12 

 
 
64
Valuation 
of 
convertible 
loan 
notes 
 
In applying valuation techniques 
to determine the fair value of 
convertible loan notes the Group 
and Company make estimates 
and assumptions regarding the 
future 
potential 
of 
the 
investments, including discount 
factor applied for the net present 
value of future cashflows from the 
loan. 
 
Yes 
Yes 
Note 12 
 
 
 
5.      SEGMENTAL REPORTING 
 
The Directors consider the business to have two segments for reporting purposes under 
IFRS 8 which are: 
 
• professional services, including the provision of recruitment services via Vortechs 
Group, provision of invention evaluator services, as well as R&D tax relief credits 
and provision of management services to its portfolio companies. The activities 
grouped under this segment share similar economic characteristics of provision of 
intellectual property services to third party services. Following the sale of Vortechs 
and Invention Evaluator assets in 2024, the Group expects this segment to include 
primarily management services provided to its portfolio companies only.  
 
• licensing and investment activities, including acquiring licences for technologies, 
portfolio Company investment, development and commercialisation. The activities 
share the goal of increasing the fair value of investments made into portfolio 
companies by the Group.  
 
 
Year ended 31 December 2024 
Professional  
Licensing and 
                    
TOTAL 
Consolidated income statement  
Services  
Investment 
US $ 
US $ 
                     US $ 
Revenue from Services 
425,986 
- 
        425,986  
Changes in fair value on financial assets at fair 
value though profit or loss 
                      -   
      20,016,771  
      20,016,771  
Cost of Sales  
           (147,203)  
- 
       (147,203)  
Interest Income 
- 
            743,205   
        743,205 
Administrative Expenses 
           (446,854)  
        (1,390,889)  
    (1,837,743)  
Depreciation and Amortization 
             (10,508)  
               (31,522)  
           (42,030)  
Group operating (loss)/income 
   (178,579)  
   19,337,565  
          19,158,986 
(Loss)/income on ordinary activities before 
income tax  
           (178,579) 
      19,337,565 
   
19,158,986 
(Loss)/income tax expense  
                  (740)  
               (2,221)  
           (2,961)  
(Loss)/income after tax 
           (179,319)  
19,335,345 
  19,156,025  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Professional  
Licensing and 
TOTAL 

 
 
65
Period ended 31 December 2023 
Consolidated income statement  
Services  
Investment 
US $ 
US $ 
US $ 
Revenue from Services 
735,265 
- 
        735,265   
Changes in fair value on financial assets at fair 
value though profit or loss 
                      -   
      (14,229,009)  
  (14,229,009)  
Cost of Sales  
           (314,083)  
- 
       (314,083)  
Interest Income 
- 
            455,096   
        455,096   
Administrative Expenses 
           (592,315)  
        (1,675,081)  
    (2,267,396)  
Depreciation and Amortization 
             (21,577)  
               (64,732)  
           (86,309)  
Other Income 
              20,384  
- 
          20,384   
Group operating loss 
           (172,326)  
      (15,513,726)  
        (15,686,051)  
Loss on ordinary activities before income tax  
           (172,326)  
      (15,513,726)  
  (15,686,051)  
Income tax expense  
                  (566)  
               (1,700)  
           (2,266)  
Loss after tax 
           (172,890)  
      (15,515,426)  
  (15,688,317)  
 
 
Segment assets and liabilities 
2024 
Professional  
Licensing and 
TOTAL 
Consolidated statement of 
Services  
Investment 
 financial position 
US $ 
US $ 
US $ 
Assets 
         1,437,807  
       69,201,744   
   70,639,551   
Liabilities  
          (571,568)  
- 
       (571,568)  
Net Assets 
         866,239  
69,201,744   
   70,067,983   
2023 
Professional  
Licensing and 
TOTAL 
Consolidated statement of 
Services  
Investment 
 financial position 
US $ 
US $ 
US $ 
Assets 
         1,967,430  
       46,653,995   
   48,621,425   
Liabilities  
          (734,545)  
- 
       (734,545)  
Net Assets 
         1,232,885   
       46,653,995   
   47,886,880   
 
 
 
 
 
Year ended 31 
December 2024 
 
Year ended 31 
December 2023 
 
US $ 
US $ 
United Kingdom 
 
 
 
 
 
Changes in fair value on financial assets at fair value 
though profit or loss 
 
      20,759,977  
      (13,753,529)  
Revenue from Services 
 
                     326,143 
             455,777 
United States 
 
Revenue from Services 
 
            99,842   
            279,488  
Portfolio return and revenue  
 
    21,185,962 
      (13,018,264)  
 
 
 
2024 
2023 
 
US $ 
US $ 
United Kingdom 
 
  
  
             Assets 
 
69,201,744  
       46,653,995  
             Liabilities 
 
                 (125,213)              (145,236)   
United States 
 
             Assets 
 
         1,437,807  
         1,967,430  
             Liabilities 
 
           (446,355)  
           (589,309)  
Total Net Assets 
 
       70,067,983  
       47,886,880  
 
 
 
 
 
6. REVENUE FROM SERVICES 

 
 
66
 
The below table discloses disaggregated revenue from services by their nature/categories 
as well as timing of the revenue. Please refer to Note 12 for disaggregation of Group’s 
Unrealised profit on the revaluation of investments. 
 
 
Group 
Transferred 
at a point in 
time  
Transferred 
over time  
 Total 
2024 
Transferred 
at a point in 
time  
Transferred 
over time  
 Total 
2023 
  
US $ 
US $ 
Major service lines: 
  
- Sales of Invention 
Evaluator reports 
   
   
(59,509) 
               -  
(59,509) 
(178,488) 
               -  
   
178,488  
 - Tech transfer recruitment 
services  
   
(40,333) 
               -  
   
(40,333) 
         
(101,000) 
               -  
   
101,000  
 - Management services  
                 -  
(326,144) 
(326,144) 
                    -  
(455,777) 
(455,777) 
Total Revenue from 
Services 
   
(99,842) 
(326,144) 
(425,986) 
(279,488) 
(455,777) 
(735,265) 
 
All of the Group’s major service lines are sold directly to consumers and not through 
intermediaries. All revenue recognised in the reporting period represent performance 
obligations satisified in the current period. For services transferred over time, output 
method was used as measure of fulfillment of the performance obligation. Considering the 
nature of the accounting, tax, legal and other services being provided under the 
agreements, this method most faithfully depicts the transfer of the services to the 
customer. Payment is typically due on a Net 30 days basis. 
 
6.1 OTHER INCOME 
 Total 2024  
 Total 2023  
US $ 
US $ 
 Other  
            -  
            2,781  
 Dividends earned  
        -  
          17,603  
  
          -  
          20,384  
 
7. OPERATING EXPENSES AND COST OF GOODS SOLD 
 
Group 
  
        
    
2024   
2023 
  
  
        
    
US $   
US $ 
Cost of goods related to services 
  
147,203  
  
314,083  
Depreciation of property plant and 
equipment 
  
         7,120  
  
2,523  
Research and development expenses  
                -  
155,094  
Amortisation of intangible assets 
      34,911  
83,786  
Marketing and PR 
      47,157  
 96,575  
IT & Software 
 82,817  
     26,925  
Audit and accounting 
     157,765  
   182,145  
Share based payments 
       84,584  
 79,658  
Nominated Advisor and other exchange 
listing expenses 
  
126,376  
  139,261  
Director emoluments 
   691,993  
   409,681  
Employee salaries 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
717,807 
 
405,898 
Other administration expenses  
257,893 
233,477 
Foreign exchange movements 
   (328,651) 
538,682 
Total expenses 
  
        
    
2,026,975    
 2,667,788  
 

 
 
67
7.2 AUDITOR REMUNERATION 
 
Group 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
2024   
2023 
US $   
US $ 
Fees payable to the group's auditor and its associates for the 
audit of the Group and Company financial statements 
124,022 
  
107,335 
Audit of company's subsidiaries 
32,306 
    37,316 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
156,328   
  144,651 
 
8. EMPLOYEES 
8.1 DIRECTOR’S EMOLUMENTS 
 
Group 
  
  
  
2024 
2023 
  
  
  
  
US $ 
US $ 
Directors emoluments 
  
661,013*     386,677* 
Directors portion of Share Based 
Payments 
         1,400           1,362 
Total 
  
  
  
     662,413       388,039 
*excludes Directors NI of US$30,980 (2023:US$23,004). 
 
The highest paid Director received a salary of US$261,976 (2023: $254,096) and benefits 
of US$24,475 (2023: US$27,846). The highest paid Director received a bonus of US$ 
264,727 (2023: US$ Nil). The highest paid Director did not exercise any share options. 
The share-based payments associated with the highest paid Director amounted to 
US$1,400 (2023: US$1,362). The highest paid Director also received 100,000 shares in 
GenIP Ltd following incorporation of the entity in 2024.  
 
Key management personnel (including Directors and Group Chief Financial Officer) 
received salary of US$736,538 (2023: US$509,681), excluding Employers National 
Insurance, Benefits in Kind and Share Base Compensation disclosed in Directors 
Remuneration Report. Please also refer to Director’s Report. No Directors exercised their 
share options during the year. No post-employment benefits or other long-term benefits 
are applicable for Directors. 
 
8.2  EMPLOYEE BENEFIT EXPENSES 
 
Group 
  
  
  
2024 
2023 
US $ 
US $ 
Wages and salaries  
  
656,149  
  
405,898 
Directors’ remuneration 
    661,013  
386,677 
Social security costs 
       92,638        62,338 
Share options granted to directors and employees 
       84,584        79,658 
  
  
  
  
1,494,384 
934,571 
 
8.3  AVERAGE NUMBER OF PEOPLE EMPLOYED 
 
To enhance flexibility and improve cost control, the Group utilises consultants for scientific 
review, administrative and operations support, software development and other 
knowledge-intensive services. 
 

 
 
68
Group  
  
  
  
2024 
2023 
Number of employees 
  
  
  
Average number of people (including executive 
directors) employed 
Operations 
               4  
4  
Management 
               2  
   2  
Total average headcount 
                 6                6  
 
9.   INCOME TAX EXPENSE 
 
Group 
  
  
  
  
2024   
2023 
US $   
US $ 
Current tax 
Current tax on profits for the year 
          2,961  
          2,265 
Total current tax 
  
  
  
  
          2,961    
          2,265 
  
  
  
  
  
    
  
Income tax expense 
    
  
  
          2,961    
          2,265 
Group 
  
  
  
  
2024   
2023 
US $   
US $ 
Profit before tax 
19,158,986   (15,686,051) 
Tax calculated at domestic tax rates applicable to 
profits  
4,789,746 
(2,980,350) 
Tax effects of: 
 - Expenses not deductible for tax purposes 
        28,596  
        19,604  
 - Income not taxable 
  
   (5,004,193)  
    2,703,512  
 - Capital allowances in excess of depreciation 
        10,508  
        16,413  
 - Unrelieved tax losses and other deductions 
      178,304  
      243,087  
Total income tax expense   
  
  
  
          2,961  
          2,266  
 
The weighted average applicable tax rate was 25% (2024: 19%).  
Unused tax losses of $2,301,814 (FY23: US $2,132,376) of which a deferred tax asset of 
US$0 (FY23: US $0) has not been recognised due to uncertainty over the recoverability 
of those losses through future profits. 
 
The UK Government announced in the 2021 budget that from 1 April 2023, the rate of 
corporation tax in the United Kingdom will increase from 19% to 25%. Companies with 
profits of £50,000 or less will continue to be taxed at 19%, which is a new small profits 
rate. As such, the higher 25% rate was applied to the Group.  
 
10. EARNINGS PER SHARE (EPS) 
 
Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the earnings attributable to ordinary 
shareholders by the weighted average number of Ordinary Shares outstanding during the 
period. The Group has only issued ordinary shares in issue, as such no profit reconciliation 
was disclosed. 
 
 
 
 
 
2024 
2023 

 
 
69
US $ 
US $ 
Earnings attributable to equity holders of the Group 
(US$) 
  
19,156,025  
(15,688,317) 
Weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue: 
Basic  
  
196,539,893  
172,214,589  
Effect of employee share options  
 
      100,000        4,466,666  
Diluted  
 196,639,893    176,681,255  
Basic earnings per share  
             0.10  
(0.09) 
Diluted earnings per share  
             0.10  
(0.09) 
 
Diluted earnings per share is calculated by dividing the earnings attributable to ordinary 
shareholders by the sum of weighted average number of (1) Ordinary Shares outstanding 
during the period and (2) any dilutive potential Ordinary Shares outstanding at 31 
December 2024. 
 
Diluted EPS includes impact of vested Employees Share Option Awards whose strike price 
was below Tekcapital’s share price as quoted on the AIM market, which would have 
dilutive impact of 100,000 shares.  
 
The Group completed placements of total of 33,331,709 new ordinary shares during the 
financial year. 
 
11. INVESTMENTS OF THE GROUP 
 
Entity name 
 Country of 
incorporation 
  
Proportion 
of ordinary 
shares 
directly and 
indirectly 
held 
  
Nature of business 
Capital and 
reserves as at 31 
Dec 2024 
Net 
Profit/(Los
s) for year 
ended 31 
Dec 2024 
The following are under ownership of Tekcapital Europe Limited  
US$ 
US$ 
Lucyd Limited  
England and 
Wales 
100% 
Provider of high-tech 
eyewear  
(1,801,339) 
(906,192) 
Innovative Eyewear Inc1 
United States 
of America 
40% 
Provider of high-tech 
eyewear  
9,095,141  
(7,766,515) 
MicroSalt plc 
England and 
Wales 
87% 
Developer of low sodium 
salt and snack foods 
N/A* 
N/A* 
MicroSalt Inc2* 
United States 
of America 
92% 
Developer of low sodium 
salt and snack foods 
N/A* 
N/A* 
Guident Limited  
England and 
Wales 
100% 
Developer of 
autonomous vehicle 
software safety solutions  
17,387,274  
- 
Guident CORP3* 
United States 
of America 
 
90% 
 
Developer of 
autonomous vehicle 
software safety solutions  
N/A* 
N/A* 
Smart Food Tek Limited  
England and 
Wales 
100% 
Developer for baked 
food coating to reduce 
fat 
(116,114) 
- 
Belluscura plc 
England and 
Wales 
 
5% 
 
Portable oxygen 
concentrator producer 
N/A* 
N/A* 
 
(1) owned by Lucyd Limited 
(2) owned by MicroSalt Limited 
(3) owned by Guident Limited 
*not available as of date of this report 
 

 
 
70
As at the year end, the Group has no interest in the ownership of any other entities or 
exerts any significant influence over or provides funding which constitutes an 
“unconsolidated structured entity”.  
 
All UK subsidiaries are exempt from the requirement to file audited accounts by virtue of 
section 479A of the Companies Act 2006.  
 
Tekcapital Europe Ltd (registered address 12 New Fetter Lane, London, United Kingdom, 
EC4A 1JP) and Tekcapital LLC (registered address 11900 Biscayne Blvd, Suite 630, 
Miami, Florida, 33181, United States) are consolidated by Tekcapital plc because they 
continue to provide advisory services in IP search and technology transfer. Tekcapital plc 
owns 100% of both entities. 
All other entities are measured at fair value through profit and loss based in IFRS 10 as 
referenced in Note 2.4. The Group provides management service support to Lucyd 
Limited, MicroSalt plc and Guident Limited, as well as has provided working capital 
assistance to MicroSalt Limited and Guident Limited through convertible loan note 
financing (see also Note 12). The Group also assists the entities with their fundraising 
activities.  
 
Registered office of all four directly owned subsidiaries owned by Tekcapital Europe 
Limited: Acre House, 11-15 William Road, London, England, NW1 3ER. 
 
12. FINANCIAL ASSETS AT FAIR VALUE THROUGH PROFIT AND LOSS 
The Group’s financial assets at fair value through profit and loss consist of equity 
investments (2024:US $61,454,673, 2023:US $41,125,568) and convertible loan notes 
(2024:US$7,747,071, 2023:US $5,528,427) totalling US $69,201,744 (2023:US 
$46,653,995). 
 
12.1 EQUITY INVESTMENTS 
The Group’s investments in portfolio companies in the years ended 31 December 2024 
and 31 December 2023 are listed below. The principal place of business for portfolio 
companies listed below is the UK and in the U.S. 
 
Group 
Proportion of 
ordinary 
shares as at 
31 Dec 2024 
1 Jan 2024 
Additions 
Disposal 
Foreign 
Exchange 
movement 
Fair Value 
change 
31 Dec 
2024 
 
US $ 
US $ 
US $ 
US $ 
US $ 
US $ 
Guident 
Limited  
100% 
18,083,264  
- 
- 
- 
- 
18,083,264  
Lucyd Limited 
100% 
2,189,794  
 
 
 
(892,519) 
1,297,275  
MicroSalt plc 
69% 
16,671,147  
1,397,557  
 
(306,412)      19,165,798 
36,928,090 
Belluscura Plc 
                 5%   
4,142,941  
 
(1,047,122) 
(42,968) 
(2,082,489) 
970,362  
Smart Food 
Tek Limited 
100% 
38,422  
- 
- 
- 
- 
38,422  
GEN IP plc 
               63% 
- 
319,133  
- 
(7,855) 
3,825,982  
4,137,260  
 Total 
Balance   
  
41,125,568  
1,716,690  (1,047,122) 
(357,235) 
20,016,772  
61,454,673  
 
Other adjustments relate primarily to foreign exchange movements on translation of 
investments into the Group’s presentational currency. 
 
 
 

 
 
71
Group 
Proportion 
of ordinary 
shares as 
at 31 Dec 
2023 
1 Jan 
2023 
 Additions 
Disposal 
Foreign 
Exchange 
movement 
Fair 
Value 
change 
31 Dec 
2023 
 
US $ 
US $ 
US $ 
US $ 
US $ 
US $ 
Guident 
Limited  
100.00% 
18,083,264  
- 
- 
- 
- 
18,083,264  
Lucyd Limited 
100.00% 
8,175,403  
- 
- 
- 
(5,985,609) 
2,189,794  
MicroSalt 
Limited 
97.15% 
16,508,694  
500,000  
- 
882,546  
(1,220,093) 
16,671,147  
Belluscura Plc 
12.31% 
12,072,826  
- 
(272,514) 
(634,065) 
(7,023,307) 
4,142,940  
Smart Food 
Tek Limited 
100.00% 
38,422  
- 
- 
- 
- 
38,422  
 Total 
Balance   
  
    54,878,609  
500,000  
(272,514) 
248,481  (14,229,009) 
41,125,568  
 
The valuation techniques used fall under, Level 1 – Observable inputs that reflect quoted 
prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets, Level 2 -  inputs other 
than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability either 
directly or indirectly, and Level 3- Other techniques as defined by IFRS 13. These 
techniques were deemed to be the best evidence of fair values considering the early stage 
of portfolio companies.   
 
Microsalt plc and GenIP plc both commenced trading on the AIM market of the London 
Stock Exchange during the year ended 31 December 2024. Due to the Group being a 
majority shareholder for both companies as of 31 December 2024, the control premium of 
15% was applied respectively and the Group’s investment in both companies was 
classified under Level 3, unchanged from 31 December 2024 classification. Fair value 
measurement hierarchy for financial assets as at 31 December 2024 with comparative 
amounts as of 31 December 2023:  
 
Total 
Level 1 
Level 2 
Level 3 
31 December 
2024 
US$ 
US$ 
US$ 
US$ 
Belluscura Plc 
970,362 
          970,362 
- 
- 
Lucyd Limited 
1,297,275  
- 
1,297,275 
-  
Guident Limited  
18,083,264  
- 
- 
18,083,264  
Microsalt plc 
36,928,090  
- 
- 
36,928,090  
Smart Food Tek 
Limited 
38,422  
- 
- 
38,422  
GEN IP plc 
4,137,260  
 
 
4,137,260  
 Total Balance   
           61,454,673  
          970,362              1,297,275  
59,187,036 
31 December 
2023 
Total 
Level 1 
Level 2 
Level 3 
 
US$ 
US$ 
US$ 
US$ 
Belluscura Plc 
4,142,940  
4,142,940  
- 
- 
Lucyd Limited 
2,189,794  
- 
2,189,794 
-  
Guident Limited  
18,083,264  
- 
- 
18,083,264  
Microsalt 
Limited 
16,671,147  
- 
- 
16,671,147  
Smart Food Tek 
Limited 
38,422  
- 
- 
                 38,422  
 Total Balance   
           41,125,567  
       4,142,940              2,189,794 
          34,792,833  
 
 
 
 

 
 
72
BELLUSCURA PLC (US $2.1M LOSS)  
The fair value of the holding decreased by US$ 2,082,489m during the year due to market 
movement in Company’s shares listed at AIM market of London Stock Exchange, and  
closing price of 0.0925p as of 31 December 2024. The Company also disposed of 
5,760,710 shares during the period for the total of US$ 1,047,121, and recorded a foreign 
exchange adjustment of ($42,968). With 8,378,057 shares held by Tekcapital plc, a fair 
value of US$970,362 was arrived at as of 31 December 2024. 
 
LUCYD (US $0.9M LOSS)  
The fair value of the holding decreased by US$ 892,519 during the year due to the 
movement in the Company’s share price at NASDAQ market, and closing price of US$5 
as of 31 December 2024, compared to US$8.4 as of 31 December 2023. With 259,455  
shares held by the Group, a fair value of US$ 1,297,275 was arrived at as of 31 December 
2024. This investment is classified as Level 2 on the basis of the fact that the direct 
shareholding is in Lucyd Ltd, whose primary asset is the listed investment in Innovative 
Eyewear Inc. 
 
GUIDENT LTD (NIL GAIN / NIL LOSS) 
The fair value of Guident remain unchanged compared to previous period as the Company  
continued to receive investment at US$1 per share as specified in the 2021 Private 
Placement Memorandum offering. 
 
In August 2021, Guident CORP entered into Private Placement Memorandum outlining 
offering of securities at US$1 per unit, with each unit consisting of one share of Class A 
Convertible Preferred Stock and a Warrant to acquire a share of common stock (also at 
US$1 per unit). While Guident has not received funding from the offering until after the 
reporting date, the management considers the exit price (of securities offered in the private 
placement) negotiated with the investment bank as “privately negotiated acquisition of the 
equity instruments” as defined under IFRS 13. The Offering was facilitated by Dawson 
James Securities Inc. Dawson James is a broker-dealer registered with the SEC as a 
broker dealer and is a member of FINRA. FINRA is currently the only such registered 
national securities association in the U.S. 
 
This input was corroborated by Guident CORP’s enterprise valuation by estimating the net 
present value of future cashflows associated with its business as of 31 December 2024.  
Key assumptions used in management’s discounted cash flow valuation are: 
- Compound annual growth rates over a 5 year forecast period of 122%  
- 24% discount rate used to discount forecasted free cash flows 
The discounted cash-flow method did not provide an indication that the valuation at year 
end was materially misstated. 
 
MICROSALT (US$19.2M GAIN) 
The fair value of the holding increased by US$19,165,798 during the year due to: 
- 
movement in the Company’s share price at AIM market of London Stock Exchange, 
and closing price of 76.50p as of 31 December 2024 compared to opening price of 
43p. 
- 
Fair value of the control premium given Tekcapital’s majority shareholding of 
US$4,816,707, calculated as 15% of Company’s shareholding in Microsalt. 
The Company acquired 2,558,140 shares of Microsalt plc at its Initial Public Offering in 
February 2024 for US$1,397,557 and recorded a foreign exchange adjustment of 
($306,412). With total of 33,305,749 shares held by Tekcapital Europe Ltd, a fair value of 
US$36,928,090 was arrived at as of 31 December 2024. 

 
 
73
 
GENIP PLC 
The fair value of the holding increased by US$3.8m during the year due to: 
- 
movement in the Company’s share price at AIM market of London Stock Exchange, 
and closing price of 0.26p as of 31 December 2024. 
- 
Fair value of the control premium given Tekcapital’s majority shareholding of 
US$539,643, calculated as 15% of Company’s shareholding in GenIP. 
The Company acquired 211,764 shares of GenIP plc at its Initial Public Offering for 
US$127,569. 
 
With total of 11,050,769 shares held by Tekcapital Europe Ltd, a fair value of US$3.6m 
was arrived at as of 31 December 2024. Combined with fair value of control premium of 
$0.5m, total fair value of $4.1m was calculated as of 31 December 2024. 
 
SMART FOOD TEK (NIL GAIN / NIL LOSS) 
Considering early commercialisation stage, the Group records its investment in Smart 
Food Tek at cost. The directors do not consider that any other available information would 
materially change or give a more reliable representation of the value.  
 
The Group exercised judgment in determination of sufficiency of portfolio companies’ cash 
reserves, forecasts and ability to raise money to achieve their fair values. Directors 
reviewed and questioned the forecasts used, standing liquidity and working capital 
balances, as well as discussed capability and plans to raise money in the future with 
directors or management of portfolio companies. Based on the review, the Group made a 
positive determination as to portfolio companies’ likely ability to achieve fair values 
considering liquidity factors. 
 
The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement categorised within 
Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, together with a quantitative sensitivity analysis as at 31 
December 2024 are shown as below.  No sensitivities have been disclosed on immaterial, 
non-listed investments as the fair value equates to cost. 
 
Investment  
Valuation 
Significant 
Estimate  
Sensitivity of the 
input 
Technique 
unobservable 
applied 
to fair value  
input 
Guident  
Income 
Approach 
Royalty Relief 
Method  
Discount to 
Future Cash 
Flows 
24% 
5% increase in the discount factor 
would 
decrease 
the 
Guident 
valuation by US$6.8m, a 5% 
decrease in the discount factor 
would 
increase 
the 
value 
by 
US$14.5m. 
CAGR 
122% 
A 50% increase in the compound 
annual 
growth 
rate 
of 
sales 
projections would increase the 
Guident valuation by US$42.3m. A 
50% decrease in the compound 
annual 
growth 
rate 
of 
sales 
projections would decrease the 
Guident valuation by US$18m. 

 
 
74
Microsalt  
Share price 
per LSE 
including 
control 
premium 
Control 
premium 
15% 
A 5% increase in the control 
premium applied to valuation of 
Microsalt plc shares held by 
increase 
the 
Microsalt 
plc 
valuation by US$1.6m. A 5% 
decrease in the control premium 
applied to valuation of Microsalt 
plc shares would decrease the 
Microsalt valuation by US$1.6m 
 
GenIP 
 
Share price 
per LSE 
including 
control 
premium 
 
Control 
premium 
 
15% 
 
A 5% increase in the control 
premium applied to valuation of 
GENIP plc shares held by 
increase 
the 
Microsalt 
plc 
valuation by US$0.2m. A 5% 
decrease in the control premium 
applied to valuation of GenIP plc 
shares 
would 
decrease 
the 
GenIP valuation by US$0.2m.  
 
 
12.2 CONVERTIBLE LOAN NOTES 
During the year, the Group also held multiple convertible loans issued by its portfolio 
companies, including: 
 
• 
Convertible note issued by Guident Ltd for the total of US$5,000,000, issued at 10% 
coupon rate including option to convert the debt into shares at market price (no 
discount against future equity placements offered). The note can be converted into 
Guident’s equity upon occurrence of certain conversion events including future 
share placements. The US$3,000,000 note originated in September 2023 or can 
be converted into Guident’s equity upon occurrence of certain conversion events. 
No conversions occurred during the period. As of 31 December 2024, 
US$5,000,000 was outstanding. 
 
• 
Convertible loan note instruments in favour of MicroSalt Inc were constituted on 21 
September 2020 (2020 CLN) and 1 June 2022 (2022 CLN). The principal amounts 
of convertible loan notes under the 2020 CLN and the 2022 CLN was each limited 
to US$2,000,000. The convertible loan notes under the 2020 CLN and the 2022 
CLN each carry interest at the rate of 10 per cent. per annum. As of 31 December 
2024, US$2,000,000 was outstanding on the convertible loan notes. 
 
• 
A convertible loan note instrument in favour of Tek Europe was constituted by the 
Company on 1 March 2023. The principal amount of convertible loan notes was 
limited to sUS$2,000,000. The convertible loan notes carry interest at the rate of 10 
per cent. per annum. A convertible loan note instrument in favour of Tek Europe, 
as assignee of Tekcapital, was constituted by the Company on 7 November 2023. 
The principal amount of convertible loan notes was limited to US$2,000,000. The 
convertible loan notes carry interest at the rate of 10 per cent. per annum. As of 31 
December 2024, US$747,072 was outstanding on the convertible loan notes. 
 
The Group’s investments in convertible notes in the years ended 31 December 2024 and 
31 December 2023, as well as their fair value hierarchy, are listed in tables below: 

 
 
75
 
 
Group 
31 Dec 2023 
Additions 
Disposal 
FX reval 
Fair 
Value 
change 
31 Dec 2024 
US $ 
US $ 
US $ 
US $ 
US $ 
US $ 
Innovative Eyewear, Inc 
-  
-  
-  
-  
- 
0  
Guident Corp 
3,000,000  
2,000,000  
- 
- 
- 
5,000,000  
Microsalt plc 
2,528,427  
552,964  
(334,319) 
-  
- 
2,747,072 
 Total Balance   
5,528,427  
2,552,964 
(334,319) 
-  
-  
7,747,072  
 
 
Included in additions are non-cash movements, in relation to management services 
income of US$326,144 and interest income of US$743,113. 
 
Total 
Level 1 
Level 2 
Level 3 
31 December 2024 
US $ 
US $ 
US $ 
US $ 
Guident Corp 
5,000,000 
- 
- 
5,000,000 
Microsalt Inc 
2,747.072 
- 
- 
2,747,072 
 Total Balance   
           7,747,072 
                     -  
                    -  
7,747,072 
31 December 2023 
Total 
 Level 1  
 Level 2  
 Level 3  
 
US $ 
US $ 
US $ 
US $ 
Guident Corp 
3,000,000  
- 
- 
3,000,000 
Microsalt Inc 
2,528,427  
- 
- 
2,528,427  
 Total Balance   
           5,528,427                       -  
          -  
      5,528,427  
 
The fair value of the convertible loans issued by Guident Corp and MicroSalt has been 
calculated using a Discounted Cash Flow Analysis. The unobservable input used in the 
fair value assessment is the discount rate of 10%. Increasing or decreasing the discount 
rate by 2% used would not result in material changes in the fair value of the assets for 
Guident and Microsalt. 
 
12.3 INTEREST FROM FINANCIAL ASSETS AT FAIR VALUE THROUGH PROFIT AND 
LOSS 
 
The Group earned following interest income from its portfolio companies during the period: 
  
            31/12/2024 
        31/12/2023 
Innovative Eyewear Inc 
- 
12,281  
Microsalt Inc 
303,900  
139,421  
Guident Corp 
439,068 
303,394  
Gen IP plc 
                    237 
- 
 Total Balance   
              743,205  
           455,096  
 
 
13. INTANGIBLE ASSETS 
 
On June 4, 2024, Tekcapital LLC entered into an agreement with its newly formed 
subsidiary, GenIP Ltd, to sell Invention Evaluator and Vortechs assets at the Net Book 
Value of the intangible asset at the transaction date. As such, disposal of gross cost and 
accumulated amortization of both assets has been recorded by the Group. 
 
 
 

 
 
76
Group 
 
Vortechs  
 Website  
Invention 
Evaluator 
Total 
  
Cost 
  
    
US $   
US $ 
  
US $ 
  
US $ 
As at 31 December 2022 
  
    
  
500,000    
  
28,121  
  
338,770    
  
866,891  
As at 31 December 2023 
  
    
 500,000    
       28,121    
  397,774    
  925,895  
Addition 
  
    
-    
-  
  
-  
  
             -  
Disposal 
  
    
(500,000)   
-  
  
(397,774) 
  
(897,774) 
As at 31 December 2024 
  
    
             -    
       28,121    
                - 
  
    28,121  
 
Accumulated amortisation and 
impairment 
As at 31 December 2022 
  
    
(324,813)   
(28,121) 
  
(271,016) 
  
(623,950) 
As at 31 December 2023 
  
    
(374,813)   
(28,121) 
  (304,802)    
(707,736) 
    Amortisation 
  
    
(20,833)   
                -  
  
(14,077) 
  
(34,910) 
    Disposal 
  
    
  395,646                     - 
  
     318,879    
714,525  
As at 31 December 2024 
  
    
           -    
(28,121) 
                   -    
(28,121) 
Net Book Value 
As at 31 December 2024 
  
    
             -    
                -                     - 
  
             - 
As at 31 December 2023 
  
    
  125,187    
                -    
     92,972    
218,159  
 
 
14. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 
 
GROUP 
Leasehold 
Improvements 
Office 
equipment 
 Computer 
Equipment  
Total 
  
US $ 
US $ 
US $ 
US $ 
Opening cost 1 December 2023 
           17,541  
        30,980           30,530       79,051  
Additions 
          6,087                738         6,825  
Closing cost 31 December 2023 
           17,541  
        37,067           31,268       85,876  
Additions 
Closing cost 31 December 2024 
           17,541  
        37,066           31,268       85,876  
Accumulated depreciation and impairment 
Accumulated depreciation at 30 November 2022 
(13,775) 
(25,795) 
(29,512) 
(69,082) 
Depreciation charge 
(1,687) 
(836) 
(2,523) 
Accumulated depreciation at 31 December 2023 
(13,775) 
(27,482) 
(30,348) 
(71,605) 
Depreciation charge 
(3,766) 
(2,556) 
(797) 
(7,119) 
Accumulated depreciation at 31 December 2024 
(17,541) 
(30,038) 
(31,145) 
(78,724) 
Closing net book value 31 December 2024 
- 
          7,027                124         7,151  
Closing net book value 31 December 2023 
              3,766  
          9,585                920       14,271  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
77
15. TRADE AND OTHER RECEIVABLES 
 
2024 
2023 
  
  
  
  
US $ 
  
US $ 
Trade receivables 
          -  
101,608  
Trade receivables – net 
  
  
  
          -  
  
  
101,608  
Vat recoverable 
            47,848  
36,675  
Prepayments and other debtors 
            25,121  
25,817  
Receivables from related parties  
       571,396  
    950,653  
Total trade and other receivables 
  
  
       644,365  
  
    1,114,753  
 
 
The fair value of trade and other receivables are not materially different to those disclosed 
above. The credit loss allowance was assessed for the Group as at 31 December 2024 
and there was no increase/decrease in the expected credit loss allowance (2023: $nil). 
Group’s exposure to credit risk related to trade receivables is detailed in Note 3 to the 
consolidated financial statements.  
 
16. CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS 
 
GROUP 
  
  
2024 
  
2023 
  
  
  
US $ 
  
US $ 
 
Cash at bank and in hand 
      786,290 
      620,248 
Total cash and cash equivalents 
      786,290 
  
       620,248 
 
 
17. CATEGORIES OF FINANCIAL ASSETS AND FINANCIAL LIABILITIES 
 
 
GROUP 
  
  
  
  
2024 
  
2023 
  
  
  
  
  
US $ 
  
US $ 
Financial assets at fair value through profit and loss  
    69,201,744  
46,653,995 
Financial assets at amortised 
cost 
         571,396 
1,052,261 
Cash and equivalents at amortised cost 
         786,290  
620,248 
  
  
  
  
  
    70,559,430 
  
48,326,504 
Financial liabilities 
Trade and other payables at amortised cost 
  
  
        538,800 
         504,784 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
78
18. SHARE CAPITAL 
 
  
  
Number 
Ordinary 
Total 
Group and Company 
  
of shares 
Share US$ 
US $ 
Issued and fully paid up 
  
  
  
  
As at 31 December 2022 
  
 150,692,328  
  
839,723  
  
839,723  
Shares issued in further public offering 
     27,395,934        133,606         133,606  
As at 31 December 2023 
  
 178,088,262        973,329         973,329  
Shares issued in further public offering 
     33,331,709 
      168,742         168,742  
As at 31 December 2024 
   211,419,971   
1,142,071      1,142,071  
 
 
The shares have full voting, dividend and capital distribution (including on winding up) 
rights; they do not confer any rights of redemption. The following shares were issued 
during the year:  
 
• 
February 2024: 20,000,000 shares were issued in the placing of new ordinary 
shares at £0.10p. Total proceeds of US$2,525,696 were netted against cost of 
raising finance in the amount of US$181,643 
• 
November 2024: 13,331,709 shares issued in the placing of new ordinary shares 
at £0.075p. Total proceeds of US$1,269,842 were netted against cost of raising 
finance in the amount of US$84,208. 
   
The Company has authorised share capital of 211,419,871 with a nominal value of £0.004. 
Of these shares, 211,419,871 were issued and fully paid up.  
 
19. TRADE AND OTHER  PAYABLES 
The fair values of trade and other payables are not materially different to those disclosed 
above. 
 
The Group’s exposure to currency and liquidity risk related to trade and other payables is 
detailed in note 3 to the accounts. 
 
 
  
  
2024 
  
2023 
Group 
  
US $ 
  
US $ 
Trade creditors 
  
  
105,530  
  
250,218  
Amounts due to related parties 
 
307,556 
 
109,344 
Social security and other taxes 
              10,423  
       12,371  
Accruals and other creditors 
            125,216  
     145,221  
  
  
            548,725  
  
     517,154 
 
20. DEFERRED REVENUE 
 
The Group’s deferred revenue balance of US$217,391 as of 31 December 2023 was 
adjusted for:  
- 
transfer of US$50,045 related to reports purchases that were prepaid in 2023 and 
2024 but remained to be delivered as of 31 December 2024 

 
 
79
- 
an adjustment for US$123,297 to remove the previously included value of reports 
not prepaid or delivered, arriving at total of US$43,131 as of 31 December 2024. 
- 
Adjustment of US$21,205 related to credits on the platform but not showing on 
deferred income schedule.  
 
21. DEFERRED INCOME TAX 
 
Unused tax losses for which no deferred tax assets have been recognised are attributable 
to the uncertainty over the recoverability of those losses through future profits and do not 
expire. A tax rate of 25% has been used to calculate the potential deferred tax. 
 
 
  
  
2024 
  
2023 
Deferred tax  
  
US $ 
  
US $ 
 Depreciation in excess of capital 
allowances  
  
(10,508) 
  
(16,413) 
 Short term timing difference  
 Tax losses  
(2,291,306) 
(2,115,963) 
 Unprovided deferred tax asset  
  
        2,301,814 
  
        2,132,376  
  
  
                         -  
  
                  -  
 
 
22. DIVIDENDS 
No dividend has been recommended for the period ended 31 December 2024 (2023: Nil) 
and no dividend was paid during the year (2023: Nil). 
 
23. COMMITMENTS 
Capital commitments 
The Group entered into multiple convertible loan note agreements with its portfolio 
companies. Please see note 15 for details regarding outstanding commitments.    
  
Lease commitments 
The Group did not have any material contracts withing the scope of IFRS 16. 
Consequently, the Group did not recognise any right-of-use assets and lease liabilities 
during the period. 
 
24. SHARE BASED PAYMENTS 
The Group operates an approved Enterprise management scheme and an unapproved 
share option scheme. 
 
The fair value of the equity settled options granted is expensed over the vesting period 
and is arrived at using the Black-Scholes model. The assumptions inherent in the use of 
this model are as follows: 
 

 
 
80
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The weighted average fair value of options outstanding was £0.06p. Volatility was 
calculated using Group’s historical share price performance since 2017. The share-based 
payment expense for the year was $84,585 (2023: $79,658). Details of the number of 
share options and the weighted average exercise price outstanding during the year as 
follows:  
 
 Av. Exercise   
 Options   
 Av. Exercise    Options   
  
price per  
(Number) 
price per  
(Number) 
Group and Company 
share £ 
  
share £ 
  
As at 1 January 2024 
              0.2746  
    8,865,000  
  
0.2746  
  
8,865,000  
Granted  
                  0.111 
2,400,000 
- 
- 
Exercised  
                        -  
- 
- 
- 
Forfeited/expired  
                0.0783 
(1,480,000) 
- 
- 
As at 31 December 2024 
              0.26  
    9,785,000              0.2746  
    8,865,000  
Exercisable as at period end 
    6,696,667  
    5,900,000  
 
 
*The weighted average exercise price for the options exercisable as at 31 December 2024 
and 31 December 2023 was £0.17p and £0.11p respectively. 
The weighted average remaining contractual life is 2.0 years (2023: 3.0 years). The 
weighted average fair value of options granted during the year was £0.03p (2023: £0.06p).  
 
The range of exercise prices for options outstanding at the end of the year was £0.052p - 
£0.325p (2022: £0.052p - £0.325p).  
 
 
25. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS 
Details of Directors’ remuneration and grant of options are given in the Directors’ report.  
Please also refer to Note 8.1 for payments related to key management personnel.  
  
525,000 options were held by Harrison Gross, family member of Dr. Clifford Gross (2023: 
525,000), which expired in August 2024. 
Please refer to tables below for detail of relationships and transactions between The Group 
and its subsidiaries.   
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
81
Convertible note receivable  
  
  
  
  
2024 
2023 
Group 
  
  
  
US $ 
US $ 
Guident Corp 
  
  
  5,000,000  3,000,000  
MicroSalt Inc 
  2,747,072  2,528,427  
  
  
  
  
  7,747,072  5,528,427  
Balances with related parties 
  
  
  
  
2024 
2023 
Group 
  
  
  
US $ 
US $ 
Guident Corp 
  
  
444,651 
  
209,184  
Smart Food TEK 
66,429 
     66,681  
Lucyd Ltd 
(62,127) 
(74,170) 
Innovative Eyewear Inc  
(11,585) 
     6,039  
MicroSalt plc 
(188,862) 
629,000 
GenIP plc 
 
 
11,887 
- 
Other 
3,447 
       3,573  
  
  
  
  
263,840 
  840,307  
 
Management fees  
  
  
  
  
2024 
2023 
Group 
  
  
  
US $ 
US $ 
Guident Corp 
     139,842  
  
176,301  
MicroSalt Inc 
     -     139,788  
GenIP plc 
                 38,827                -  
Innovative Eyewear Inc  
               147,475   
139,687  
  
  
  
  
     326,144     455,776  
Interest Income 
  
  
  
  
2024 
2023 
Group 
  
  
  
US $ 
US $ 
Guident Corp 
  
439,068  
  
303,394  
MicroSalt Inc 
    303,900      139,421  
GenIP plc 
      237       12,281 
  
  
  
  
   743,205      455,096  
 
Asset Purchase Agreement: 
On 5 September 2024, the Company entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement with 
Tekcapital plc and Tekcapital LLC. In accordance with the terms of the Agreement, 
effective 4 June 2024, the Company acquired certain assets and liabilities related to 
Invention Evaluator and Vortechs business. The following assets and liabilities were 
transferred to the Company as part of capital contribution of US$191,564 by Tekcapital 
plc, for the consideration of US$1. 
 
Related party transactions were made on terms equivalent to those that prevail in arm’s 
length transactions and are made only if such terms can be substantiated. 

 
 
82
 
 
26.  EVENTS AFTER THE REPORTING PERIOD 
 
Post period end, Group announced placings to raise GBP 500,000 before expenses in 
February 2025 through issuance of 5,128,205 new ordinary shares in the Company. 
 
After the balance sheet date, Tekcapital PLC concluded negotiations ongoing since 2024 
with GenIP plc for reimbursement of US $100,000 of the US $119,665 IT development 
costs incurred in 2024. This agreement constitutes an adjusting post balance sheet event, 
as the costs were incurred before the balance sheet date and the subsequent 
reimbursement clarifies the financial position. The reimbursement will be recognised as 
Other Expense in the accounts. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
83
COMPANY STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 
AT 31 DECEMBER 2024 
 
 
Company   
  
31 December  31 December  
2024 
2023 
  
 Note  
 US$  
 US$  
 Assets  
 Non-current assets  
 Investment in subsidiaries  
C.4 
       851,665  
       851,665  
 Financial assets at fair value through profit and 
loss   
C.5 
     970,584  
   4,171,972  
 Non-current receivables  
C.6 
 18,215,711  
 11,998,392  
  
  
  20,037,960  
  17,022,029  
 Current assets  
 Trade and other receivables  
C.7 
    105,815  
    3,874,618  
 Cash and cash equivalents  
C.8 
       656,307  
       255,440  
  
  
    762,122  
    4,130,058  
 Total assets  
  
  20,800,082  
  21,152,087  
 Current liabilities  
 Trade and other payables  
C.11 
       200,858  
       175,966  
  
  
       200,858  
       175,966  
 Total liabilities  
  
        200,858  
        175,966  
 Net assets  
  
  20,599,224  
  20,976,121  
 
 
 Equity attributable to the owners of the parent  
 Ordinary shares  
C.10 
    1,142,071  
       973,329  
 Share premium  
  32,297,956  
  28,937,011  
 Retained earnings  
(11,751,916)  
  (8,128,037)  
 Translation reserve  
  (1,088,887)  
     (806,182)  
 Total equity  
  
  20,599,224  
  20,976,121  
 
The Company’s loss after tax for the year ended 31 December 2024 was US$3,708,463 
(loss after tax for the period ended 31 December 2023: US$8,573,423).  
 
The Company has used the exemption under S408 CA 2006 not to disclose the Company 
income as primary statement. The notes on pages 85 to 89 are an integral part of these 
financial statements. The financial statements on pages 83 to 89 were approved and 
authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on 22 May 2025 and were signed on its 
behalf. 
 
 
Louis Castro 
Director 
 
Tekcapital PLC 
registered number 
08873361 
Dr Clifford M Gross 
Chairman and CEO 

 
 
 
84
COMPANY STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024 
 Attributable to owners of the parent company  
  
  
Ordinary  
Share  
Translation 
Retained 
Total 
Shares 
Premium 
Reserve 
(Deficit)/Earnings 
Equity 
 Company  
 Note  
 US $  
 US $  
 US $  
 US $  
 US $  
 Balance as at 31 December 2022  
  
        839,723   
             
24,240,930   
         (485,540)  
   
365,728             24,960,841   
 Loss for the year 
   
(8,573,423)  
         (8,573,423)  
 Other comprehensive loss  
           (320,642)   
            (320,642)   
 Total comprehensive loss for the period  
  
                     -   
                          -              (320,642)   
            (8,573,423)  
       (8,894,065)  
 Transactions with owners, recorded  
   directly in equity  
 Share issue  
18 
        133,606                 5,045,893   
             5,179,499   
 Cost of share issue   
            (349,812)  
             (349,812)  
 Share issue in share option exercise  
18 
                         -    
 Share based payments  
24 
                      79,658                    79,658   
 Total transactions with owners  
  
        133,606   
           4,696,081   
                        -    
                   79,658                4,909,345   
 Balance as at 31 December 2023  
  
        973,329   
                        
28,937,011   
         (806,182)  
             (8,128,037)             20,976,121   
 Loss for the year 
             (3,708,463)  
         (3,708,463)  
 Other comprehensive loss  
           (282,705)   
            (282,705)   
 Total comprehensive loss for the period  
  
                     -   
                          -              (282,705)                  (3,708,463)   
       (3,991,168)  
 Transactions with owners, recorded  
   directly in equity  
 Share issue  
18 
        168,742   
   
3,626,796   
            3,795,538  
 Cost of share issue   
            (265,851)  
             (265,851)  
 Share issue in share option exercise  
18 
                         -   
 Share based payments  
24 
                      84,585                     84,585   
 Total transactions with owners  
  
        168,472                3,360,945    
                        -   
                   84,585                3,614,272   
 Balance as at 31 December 2024  
  
      1,142,071              32,297,956   
(1,088,887)  
         (11,751,915)             20,599,225   
 
Share premium – amount subscribed for share capital in excess of nominal value, net of directly attributable issue costs. 
Translation reserve – foreign exchange differences recognized in other comprehensive income. 
Retained earnings – cumulative net gains and losses recognized in the consolidated financial statements of comprehensive 
income. 
The notes on pages 85 to 89 are an integral part of these financial statements. 

 
 
 
85
 
NOTES TO THE COMPANY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
 
C.1.        GENERAL INFORMATION 
 
Tekcapital PLC (Companies House registration number: 08873361) is a Company 
incorporated in England and Wales and domiciled in the UK. The address of the registered 
office is detailed on page 36 of these financial statements. The Company is a public limited 
Company limited by shares, which listed on the AIM market of the London Stock Exchange 
in 2014. The principal activity of the Company is that of investment in portfolio companies. 
The Company also acquires exclusive licences to university technologies that it believes 
can positively impact people’s lives, for subsequent commercialisation. 
The Company had no employees during the period. 
 
C.2      STATEMENT OF COMPLIANCE 
 
The financial statements of the parent company have been prepared in accordance with 
United Kingdom Accounting Standards including Financial Reporting Standard 101 
Reduced Disclosure Framework (‘FRS 101’). The Company will continue to prepare its 
financial statements in accordance with FRS 101 on an ongoing basis until such time as it 
notifies shareholders of any change to its chosen accounting framework. 
 
The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these financial statements 
are set out in Note 2 of the consolidated financial statements. 
 
Exemptions 
The Company financial statements have been prepared using the historical cost 
convention except where other measurement basis are required to be applied and in 
accordance with IFRS under FRS 101. In accordance with FRS 101, the Company has 
taken advantage of  the following exemptions: 
• 
Statement of Cash Flows 
• 
Financial instrument disclosures. 
• 
Capital management disclosures.  
• 
Additional comparative information. 
• 
A reconciliation of share options in the year 
• 
Related party disclosures with wholly owned subsidiaries. 
 
Changes in accounting policy and disclosures 
All changes to accounting standards are explained in note 2 to the consolidated financial 
statements. 
 
C.3    LOSS FOR THE YEAR 
As permitted by section 408 of the Companies Act 2006, the Company has elected not to 
present its own profit and loss account for the year. The auditor’s remuneration for audit 
and other services are disclosed in note 7 to the consolidated financial statements.  
 
 
 
 
 

 
86 
 
 
 
C.4    INVESTMENT IN SUBSIDIARIES 
 
 
Shares in 
subsidiaries 
Loans to 
Subsidiaries 
  
Total 
  
US $ 
Net Book Value  
As at 1 January 2024 
79,426 
772,239 
851,665 
Balance at 31 December 
2024 
79,426   
772,239   
851,665 
 
The Net Book Value is stated at cost less any adjustment for impairment. As at 31st 
December 2024 the total impairment recognised on investment in subsidiaries was 
US$1,103,550 (2023: US$1,103,550). 
 
Subsidiaries 
name 
(consolidated) 
  
Proportion of 
ordinary 
shares 
directly held 
  
Nature of 
business 
Capital and 
reserves as at 31 
Dec 2024 
Net Profit/(Loss) 
for year ended 31 
Dec 2024 
Direct 
  
  
  
  
 
Tekcapital 
Europe Limited 
England 
and 
Wales 
 
100% 
 
Provision 
of 
Intellectual 
property 
research 
services 
50,652,337 
22,722,065 
Tekcapital LLC 
USA   
100%   
Provision 
of 
Intellectual 
property 
research 
services 
(6,443,796) 
(1,381,262) 
 
* As at the year end, the Company has no interest in the ownership of any other entities 
or exerts any significant influence over or provides funding which constitutes an 
“unconsolidated structured entity”.  
All UK subsidiaries are exempt from the requirement to file audited accounts by virtue of 
section 479A of the Companies Act 2006.  
Tekcapital Europe Ltd (registered address 12 New Fetter Lane, London, United Kingdom, 
EC4A 1JP) and Tekcapital LLC (registered address 11900 Biscayne Blvd, Suite 630, 
Miami, Florida, 33181, United States) are consolidated by Tekcapital plc on the basis that 
Tekcapital plc both holds a controlling stake in the subsidiary and exerts strategic and 
operational control of Tekcapital Europe Limited. 
 
C.5    FINANCIAL ASSETS AT FAIR VALUE THROUGH PROFIT AND LOSS 
The Company’s investment in Belluscura plc in the period ended 31 December 2024 and 
31 December 2023 is listed below and classified as equity instruments. The principal place 
of business for Belluscura plc is England and Wales. 
 
 
 
 

 
87 
 
Company  
Proportion 
of 
ordinary 
shares as 
at 31 Dec 
2024 
1 Jan 
2024 
Additions 
Disposal 
Foreign 
exchange 
adjustments 
Fair Value 
change 
31 Dec 
2024 
Belluscura 
Plc 
5% 
4,142,940  
- 
(1,047,121) 
(42,968) 
(2,082,489) 
970,362  
 Total 
Balance   
  
4,142,940  
- 
(1,047,121) 
(42,968) 
(2,082,489) 
970,362  
 
The valuation technique used falls under, Level 1 – Observable techniques, other than 
quoted prices. 
 
The fair value of the holding decreased by US$2,082,489 during the year due to market 
movement in Company’s shares listed at AIM market of London Stock Exchange, and  
closing price of 9.25p as of 31 December 2024. The Company also disposed of 5,760,710 
shares during the period for the total of US$1,047,121 and recorded a foreign exchange 
adjustment of US$42,968. With 8,378,057 shares held by Tekcapital plc, a fair value of 
US$970,362 was arrived at as of 31 December 2024. 
 
C.6    NON CURRENT RECEIVABLES 
As at 31st December 2024, the Company was owed a total of US$24,596,176 (2023: 
US$17,259,355) from its subsidiaries (Tekcapital Europe Ltd Tekcapital LLC) in the 
amount of US$19,232,176, which an IFRS9 Expected Credit Loss provision totaling 
US$6,381,065 (2023: US$5,265,819) has been provided for. The net receivable due from 
two subsidiaries at 31st December 2024 of US$18,215,711 (2023: US$11,998,392) will be 
recovered in greater than one year. 
 
C.7    TRADE AND OTHER  RECEIVABLES 
 
2024 
2023 
Company 
US $ 
US $ 
Receivables from Group companies 
       - 
        3,834,888  
VAT  
           101,598  
           32,678  
Prepayments 
               4,217  
               7,052  
Total trade and other receivables 
       105,815  
        3,874,618  
 
 
The credit loss allowance on Trade and Other Receivables was assessed as at 31 
December 2024 and there was no increase/decrease in the expected credit loss allowance 
(2023: $nil). 
 
C.8    CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS 
 
Company 
  
  
2024 
  
2023 
  
  
  
US $ 
  
US $ 
Cash at bank and in hand 
      656,307  
      255,440  
Total cash and cash equivalents 
      656,307  
  
      255,440  
 
 
 
 

 
88 
 
 
C.9    CATEGORIES OF FINANCIAL ASSETS AND FINANCIAL LIABILITIES 
 
 
Company 
    
  
  
2024 
  
2023 
  
  
  
  
  
US $ 
  
US $ 
Financial assets at fair value through profit 
and loss  
970,584 
   4,171,972  
Financial assets at amortised 
cost 
   18,321,526  
 15,873,010  
Cash and equivalents at amortised cost 
        656,307  
      255,440  
  
    
  
  
  19,948,417   
20,300,422  
Financial liabilities 
Trade and other payables at amortised 
cost 
  
  
        200,868    
  
175,966  
 
 
C.10   SHARE CAPITAL  
 
  
  
Number 
Ordinary 
Total 
Group and Company 
  
of shares 
Share US$ 
US $ 
Issued and fully paid up 
  
  
  
  
As at 31 December 2022 
  
 150,692,328  
       839,723  
       839,723  
Shares issued in further public offering 
      27,395,934  
      133,606  
       133,606  
As at 31 December 2023 
  
 178,088,262  
       973,329  
       973,329  
Shares issued in further public offering 
      33,331,709  
      168,472  
       168,472  
As at 31 December 2024 
  
 211,419,971        1,142,071  
     1,142,071  
 
 
The shares have full voting, dividend and capital distribution (including on winding up) 
rights; they do not confer any rights of redemption. The following shares were issued 
during the year:  
 
• 
February 2024: 20,000,000 shares were issued in the placing of new ordinary 
shares at £0.10. Total proceeds of US$2,525,696 were netted against cost of 
raising finance in the amount of US$181,643 
• 
November 2024: 13,331,709 shares issued in the placing of new ordinary shares 
at £0.075. Total proceeds of US$1,269,842 were netted against cost of raising 
finance in the amount of US$84,208. 
   
The Company has authorised share capital of 211,419,871 with a nominal value of £0.004. 
Of these shares, 211,419,871 were issued and fully paid up.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
89 
 
C.11    TRADE AND OTHER  PAYABLES 
 
  
  
2024 
  
2023 
Company 
  
US $ 
  
US $ 
Accruals and other creditors 
             125,213  
  
145,236  
Accounts payable 
75,645  
             30,729  
  
  
             200,858  
  
           175,965  
 
 
C.12   DEFERRED INCOME TAX  
Unused tax losses for which no deferred tax assets have been recognised is attributable 
to the uncertainty over the recoverability of those losses through future profits. A tax rate 
of 25% has been used to calculate the potential deferred tax. 
 
C.13   DIVIDENDS  
No dividend has been recommended for the year ended 31 December 2024 (2023: Nil) 
and no dividend was paid during the year (2022: Nil). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
90 
 
 
RISK FACTORS AND FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS 
 
This Report is directed only at Relevant Persons and must not be acted on or relied upon 
by persons who are not Relevant Persons. Any other person who receives this Report 
should not rely or act upon it. By accepting this Report the recipient is deemed to represent 
and warrant that: (i) they are a person who falls within the above description of persons 
entitled to receive the Report; (ii) they have read, agree and will comply with the contents 
of this notice. The securities mentioned herein have not been and will not be registered 
under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), or under any 
U.S. State securities laws, and may not be offered or sold in the United States of America 
or its territories or possessions (the “United States”) unless they are registered under the 
Securities Act or pursuant to an exemption from or in a transaction not subject to the 
registration requirements of the Securities Act. This Report is not being made available to 
persons in Australia, Canada, Japan, the Republic of Ireland, the Republic of South Africa 
or any other jurisdiction in which it may be unlawful to do so, and it should not be delivered 
or distributed, directly or indirectly, into or within any such jurisdictions. 
 
Investors must rely on their own examination of the legal, taxation, financial and other 
consequences of an investment in the Company, including the merits of investing and the 
risks involved. Prospective investors should not treat the contents of this Report as advice 
relating to legal, taxation or investment matters and are advised to consult their own 
professional advisers concerning any acquisition of shares in the Company. Certain 
information contained in this Report has been obtained from published sources prepared 
by other parties. Certain other information has been extracted from unpublished sources 
prepared by other parties which have been made available to the Company. The Company  
has not carried out an independent investigation to verify the accuracy and completeness 
of such third-party information. No responsibility is accepted by the Company or any of its 
directors, officers, employees or agents for the accuracy or completeness of such 
information. 
 
All statements of opinion and/or belief contained in this Report and all views expressed 
represent the directors’ own current assessment and interpretation of information available 
to them as at the date of this Report. In addition, this Report contains certain “forward-
looking statements”, including but not limited to, the statements regarding the Company’s 
overall objectives and strategic plans, timetables and capital expenditures. Forward-
looking statements express, as at the date of this Report, the Company  ’s plans, 
estimates, valuations, forecasts, projections, opinions, expectations or beliefs as to future 
events, results or performance. Forward-looking statements involve a number of risks and 
uncertainties, many of which are beyond the Company’s control, and there can be no 
assurance that such statements will prove to be accurate. No assurance is given that such 
forward-looking statements or views are correct or that the objectives of the Company will 
be achieved.  Further, valuations of the Company’s portfolio investments and net asset 
value can and will fluctuate over time due to a wide variety of factors both Company-
specific and macroeconomic. Changes in net asset values can have a significant impact 
on revenue and earnings of the Company  and its future prospects.  
 
As a result, the reader is cautioned not to place reliance on these statements or views and 
no responsibility is accepted by the Company or any of its directors, officers, employees 
or agents in respect thereof. the Company does not undertake to update any forward-
looking statement or other information that is contained in this Report. Neither the 

 
91 
 
Company  nor any of its shareholders, directors, officers, agents, employees or advisers 
take any responsibility for, or will accept any liability whether direct or indirect, express or  
 
implied, contractual, tortious, statutory or otherwise, in respect of, the accuracy or 
completeness of the information contained in this Report or for any of the opinions 
contained herein, or for any errors, omissions or misstatements or for any loss, howsoever 
arising, from the use of this Report. Neither the issue of this Report nor any part of its 
contents is to be taken as any form of contract, commitment or recommendation on the 
part of the Company  or the directors of the Company. In no circumstances will the 
Company be responsible for any costs, losses or expenses incurred in connection with 
any appraisal, analysis or investigation of the Company. This Report should not be 
considered a recommendation by the Company or any of its affiliates in relation to any 
prospective acquisition or disposition of shares in the Company . No undertaking, Report, 
warranty or other assurance, express or implied, is made or given by or on behalf of the 
Company  or any of its affiliates, any of its directors, officers or employees or any other 
person as to the accuracy, completeness or fairness of the information or opinions 
contained in this Report and no responsibility or liability is accepted for any such 
information or opinions or for any errors or omissions.  
 
Intellectual Property Risk Factors  
 
Tekcapital plc’s mission is to create valuable products from university intellectual property 
that can improve people’s lives. Therefore, our ability to compete in the market may be 
negatively affected if our portfolio companies lose some or all of their intellectual property 
rights, if patent rights that they rely on are invalidated, or if they are unable to obtain other 
intellectual property rights. Our success will depend on the ability of our portfolio 
companies to obtain and protect patents on their technology and products, to protect their 
trade secrets, and for them to maintain their rights to licensed intellectual property or 
technologies. Their patent applications or those of our licensors may not result in the issue 
of patents in the United States or other countries. Their patents or those of their licensors 
may not afford meaningful protection for our technology and products. Others may 
challenge their patents or those of their licensors by proceedings such as interference, 
oppositions and re-examinations or in litigation seeking to establish the invalidity of their 
patents. In the event that one or more of their patents are challenged, a court may 
invalidate the patent(s) or determine that the patent(s) is not enforceable, which could 
harm their competitive position and ours. If one or more of our portfolio Company patents 
are invalidated or found to be unenforceable, or if the scope of the claims in any of these 
patents is limited by a court decision, our portfolio companies could lose certain market 
exclusivity afforded by patents owned or in-licensed by us, and potential competitors could 
more easily bring products to the market that directly compete with our own. 
 
The uncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of their patent applications and 
the cost of enforcement or defence of their issued patents could have a material adverse 
effect on our business and financial condition. To protect or enforce their patent rights, our 
portfolio companies may initiate interference proceedings, oppositions, re-examinations or 
litigation against others. However, these activities are expensive, take significant time and 
divert management’s attention from other business concerns. They may not prevail in 
these activities. If they are not successful in these activities, the prevailing party may obtain 
superior rights to our claimed inventions and technology, which could adversely affect the 
ability of our portfolio companies to successfully market and commercialize their products 
and services. Claims by other companies may infringe the intellectual property rights on 

 
92 
 
which our portfolio companies rely, and if such rights are deemed to be invalid it could 
adversely affect our portfolio companies and ourselves as investors in these companies.  
  
From time to time, companies may assert, patent, copyright and other intellectual 
proprietary rights against our portfolio Company ’s products or technologies. These claims 
can result e in lawsuits being brought against our portfolio companies or their holding 
Company in the future. They and we may not prevail in any lawsuits alleging patent 
infringement, given the complex technical issues and inherent uncertainties in intellectual 
property litigation. If any of our portfolio Company products, technologies or activities, from 
which our portfolio companies derive or expect to derive a substantial portion of their 
revenues and were found to infringe on another Company’s intellectual property rights, 
they could be subject to an injunction that would force the removal of such product from 
the market or they could be required to redesign such product, which could be costly. They 
could also be ordered to pay damages or other compensation, including punitive damages 
and attorneys’ fees to such other Company. A negative outcome in any such litigation 
could also severely disrupt the sales of their marketed products to their customers which 
in turn could harm their relationships with their customers, their market share and their 
product revenues. Even if they are ultimately successful in defending any intellectual 
property litigation, such litigation is expensive and time-consuming to address, will divert 
our management’s attention from their business and may harm their reputation and ours.  
  
Several of our portfolio companies may be subject to complex and costly regulation and if 
government regulations are interpreted or enforced in a manner adverse to them, they 
may be subject to enforcement actions, penalties, exclusion, and other material limitations 
on their operations and this may have a negative impact on their financial performance. 
 
All of the risks mentioned above can have a material, negative affect on our net 
asset value, revenue, performance and the success of our business and the 
portfolio companies we invested in.  
 
 
 

 
93 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
STAY IN TOUCH 
 
12 New Fetter Lane 
London, EC4A 1JP 
United Kingdom 
Tel: +44 2087207171 
E-mail: info@tekcapital.com 
www.tekcapital.com