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Union Jack Oil

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FY2024 Annual Report · Union Jack Oil
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ANNUAL REPORT  
AND FINANCIAL 
STATEMENTS
UNION JACK OIL plc
Hydrocarbon Production, 
Drilling, Development and 
Investment onshore United 
Kingdom and the United 
States of America

Directors,  
Officers  
and Advisers
DIRECTORS
David Bramhill 
Executive Chairman
Joseph O’Farrell 
Executive 
Graham Bull 
Non-Executive
Craig Howie 
Non-Executive
COMPANY OFFICE
6 Charlotte Street,  
Bath BA1 2NE,  
England
Telephone: +44 (0) 1225 428139 
Email: info@unionjackoil.com 
Web: www.unionjackoil.com 
     : @unionjackoilplc
REGISTERED NUMBER
07497220
SECRETARY AND  
REGISTERED OFFICE
Matthew Small 
c/o Berkeley Hall Marshall Limited 
6 Charlotte Street, 
Bath BA1 2NE, 
England
REGISTRARS
Computershare Investor Services PLC 
The Pavilions, 
Bridgwater Road, 
Bristol BS13 8AE, 
England
AUDITOR
Crowe U.K. LLP 
2nd Floor, 
55 Ludgate Hill, 
London EC4M 7JW, 
England
SOLICITORS
Keystone Law 
48 Chancery Lane, 
London WC2A 1JF, 
England
BANKERS
Royal Bank of Scotland plc 
Drummond House, 
PO Box 1727, 
1 Redheughs Avenue, 
Edinburgh EH12 9JN, 
Scotland
BancFirst 
BancFirst Tower, 
100 North Broadway, 
Oklahoma City, 
Oklahoma 73102, 
USA
FINANCIAL ADVISER
Gneiss Energy Limited 
5th Floor, 
64 North Row, Mayfair, 
London W1K 7DA, 
England
NOMINATED ADVISER  
AND JOINT BROKER 
SP Angel Corporate Finance LLP 
Prince Frederick House, 
35-39 Maddox Street, 
London W1S 2PP, 
England
JOINT BROKER
Zeus Capital Limited 
125 Old Broad Street, 
London EC2N 1AR, 
England
INVESTOR RELATIONS USA
Harbor Access 
107 Elm Street, 
4th Floor, Stamford CT 06092, 
USA

BUSINESS & STRATEGY
BUSINESS AND STRATEGY
Chairman’s Statement	
2
Operational Review	
6
Strategic Report	
18
Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG)	
26
Licence Interests	
28
GOVERNANCE
Directors’ Report	
30
Corporate Governance Report	
33
Independent Auditor’s Report 	
 
on the Financial Statements	
46
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Income Statement	
51
Statement of Comprehensive Income	
52
Balance Sheet	
53
Statement of Changes in Equity	
54
Statement of Cash Flows	
55
Principal Accounting Policies	
56
Notes to the Financial Statements	
64 
ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING
Notice of Annual General Meeting	
83 
	
Union Jack Oil plc is primarily an onshore oil and gas company with 
a focus on production, drilling, development and investment in the 
United Kingdom and the United States of America. 
The issued share capital is traded on the AIM Market of the London 
Stock Exchange (Ticker: UJO) and the OTCQB Venture Market in the 
United States of America (Ticker: UJOGF).
Our strategy is the appraisal and exploitation of the assets currently 
owned. Simultaneous with this process, the Company’s management 
expects to continue to use its expertise to acquire further licence 
interests over areas where there is a short lead-time between the 
acquisition of the interest and either exploration drilling or initial 
production from any oil or gas fields that may be discovered.
Contents
STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIPS ONSHORE UNITED 
KINGDOM AND THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
1
www.unionjackoil.com

Our geographic expansion and strategic partnership in 
the United States with our very capable drilling partner 
Reach Oil & Gas Inc. (“Reach”), is already contributing 
revenues from a portfolio of US onshore production and 
development assets. We are delighted to have now drilled 
four exploration wells with a 100% success rate. In addition, 
we have also selectively expanded our US portfolio of 
revenue-generating, high-return Mineral Royalties. 
The financial and operational results for 2024 are positive, 
with the Company remaining profitable for the third 
consecutive year, free of debt and in possession of a 
balanced work programme of potentially transformational 
development and drilling activities, encompassing both sides 
of the Atlantic. 
Having been originally UK onshore focused, I reflect on 
the past 12 months with satisfaction, having pursued an 
additional cash flow driven growth strategy, concentrated in 
the USA to complement our excellent revenue generating 
onshore projects in the United Kingdom, namely Wressle 
and Keddington. 
During a relatively short period, this strategy has delivered 
excellent results and offers further catalysts for growth that 
provide me with confidence in the future of Union Jack. 
In Oklahoma, USA, where our drilling activities are 
focused, the oil industry remains central to its economy, 
with new drilling technologies revitalising and unlocking 
new resources, making the state a top US hydrocarbon 
producer.
I am delighted to present to the shareholders of Union Jack Oil plc 
(“Union Jack” or the “Company”), a profitable onshore UK and USA 
focused hydrocarbon production, development and investment 
Company, the Annual Report and Financial Statements for the year 
ended 31 December 2024. 
OPERATIONAL HIGHLIGHTS
•	 Wressle Competent Person’s Report 
(“CPR”) upgrades 2P Reserves by 263% 
•	 West Newton Carbon Intensity Study 
given AA rating by GaffneyCline Associates
•	 Successful Andrews 1-17 and Andrews 
2-17 oil and gas discovery wells in 
Oklahoma, USA, now in commercial 
production
•	 The Taylor 1-16 well in Oklahoma awaiting 
completion of the Hunton and Cromwell 
formations
•	 Commencement of the UK onshore 
Keddington Oilfield upgrade
•	 Acquisition of a 45% interest in the Rogers 
Secondary Recovery Project in Oklahoma, 
with post Balance Sheet positive results 
seen in pressure build up 
•	 Further acquisition of revenue generating 
Mineral Royalty packages in the Bakken 
Shale, Permian Basin and Eagle Ford Shale, 
USA, delivering pleasing returns in excess 
of 25% on original investment
•	 Post Balance Sheet date, successful 
Moccasin 1-13 oil discovery in Oklahoma, 
now in production from the 1st Wilcox 
formation with two further oil-bearing 
formations to be completed
 
 
Chairman’s 
Statement
2
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024
UNION JACK OIL PLC    

BUSINESS & STRATEGY
Profitability continued throughout the period under review, 
thanks mainly to the cash flow from our 40% interest in the 
exceptional UK flagship project, Wressle. This development 
continues to produce at the top end of the CPR production 
profile forecast and from which revenues continued to 
bolster the Company’s Balance Sheet, enabling Union Jack 
to announce a net profit. Additionally, revenues from our 
rapidly expanding activities in the USA for the full year 
contributed to our bottom line.
The ERC Equipoise Limited (“ERCE”) CPR in respect of 
Wressle and Broughton North, announced in January 
2024, matched our high expectations, demonstrating a 
263% increase in 2P Reserves to 2.373 million barrels of oil 
equivalent (“boe”) gross, adding significant additional value 
to a material project within Union Jack’s production and 
development portfolio within the UK. 
West Newton, another key onshore project within Union 
Jack’s portfolio, with impressive Contingent Resources 
reported within the RPS Group Limited (“RPS”) CPR,  
is expected to see future activity.  
A further UK based project, Keddington, where Union 
Jack holds a 55% interest, has been the subject of material 
upgrades and is in readiness for resumption of production  
in the near future. 
The decision made to seek further growth opportunities 
in the USA, where operations can be executed unhindered 
and a sensible and fair tax policy is applied, was a correct 
one. Union Jack’s relationship with Reach, based in 
Oklahoma, has grown over the past year and our Joint 
Ventures with highly engaged partners have prospered, 
especially with the success of the Moccasin 1-13 well, post 
Balance Sheet date.
During 2024, Union Jack entered into a number of Joint 
Ventures with Reach to drill wells in Oklahoma. The first 
two wells drilled on the 45% held West Bowlegs Prospect, 
the Andrews 1-17 and the Andrews 2-17, now named 
the Andrews Field, are predominantly gas producers, 
penetrating the primary objective, the Hunton Limestone, 
one of the main hydrocarbon reservoirs in Oklahoma. 
The Board has high expectations of Union Jack’s USA 
ventures, guided by both Reach’s and Union Jack’s very  
able technical teams, already confirmed by the success  
of the Moccasin 1-13, Andrews 1-17, Andrews 2-17 and 
Taylor 1-16 discoveries.
Following this initial success, Union Jack and Reach are in 
the process of identifying a number of additional material 
drilling targets that could deliver a dynamic drilling campaign 
for the future, with a range of risks and reserves across 
Southern Oklahoma.
Additional information on the Company’s projects within the 
UK and USA can be found within the Operational Review.
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
•	 Gross profit of £1,968,101 (2023: £3,298,844) 
•	 Net profit of £649,213 (2023: £859,089)
•	 Basic earnings per share 0.61 pence  
(2023: 0.79 pence)
•	 Oil and gas revenues £3,929,722  
(2023: £5,065,679)
•	 The Company continues to be debt free
CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT
3
www.unionjackoil.com

The 12 month period under review has, for the third 
consecutive year, seen Union Jack remain a cash generating 
and profitable entity. 
Revenues from oil and gas sales of £3,929,722 (2023: 
£5,065,679) reported for the period continued to have  
a positive effect on the Income Statement, resulting  
in the Company being able to report a gross profit of 
£1,968,101 (2023: £3,298,844), and net profit of £649,213 
(2023: £859,089).
Basic Earnings per share of 0.61 pence were reported 
(2023: 0.79 pence).
The Company has a policy of returning cash to shareholders 
when deemed appropriate. 
Since the commencement of our dividend policy and share 
buy-back programme, approximately £3,000,000 has been 
returned to shareholders.
The Company holds 6,300,000 ordinary shares in Treasury 
which increase the Earnings Per Share, hold no voting rights 
and are not entitled to a dividend payment.
To increase the Company’s corporate visibility in the USA, 
in April 2024, Union Jack’s ordinary shares were admitted 
to trading on the OTCQB Venture Market (Ticker: UJOGF). 
The Board believes that dual trading of the Company’s 
shares on AIM and the OTCQB will provide enhanced 
investor benefits, which include easy trading access for 
investors based in the USA and increased liquidity, due  
to a broader geographic pool of potential investors.
Ray Godson made the decision to step down from the 
Board of Union Jack at the 2024 AGM and Craig Howie 
joined the team as an independent non-executive director 
during April 2024. Craig has over 20 years of City and 
advisory experience, especially within the oil industry 
and is well known within his peer group in respect of his 
knowledge of oil enterprises, both junior and major. 
Further information can be found on the Company’s 
website www.unionjackoil.com, presenting detailed technical 
information on Union Jack’s projects and designed to inform 
shareholders and attract new investors to the Company. 
In addition, Union Jack hosts a growing and active  
X account @unionjackoilplc.
CORPORATE AND FINANCIAL
CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT
4
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024
UNION JACK OIL PLC    

BUSINESS & STRATEGY
The Board’s confidence has once again been supported by 
the Company’s profitable 2024 financial results, confirming 
its resilience, both financially and operationally. 
In the UK, Union Jack will remain focused on the 
development of its flagship project, Wressle, where the 
Operator and Joint Venture partners have high-value 
appraisal and development programmes planned for the 
future, in particular the unlocking of the material proven 
reserves of oil and gas that remain in place within the 
Penistone Flags formation. The Board is confident that 
within the Wressle development there remains significant 
upside which will support the Company with revenues  
for at least another decade.
I also look forward to progress at West Newton. 
Encouragingly, the results from this key project, to date, 
signal a potentially highly valuable onshore project with 
resources comparable to those usually reported offshore. 
A significant onshore domestic gas resource, as indicated at 
West Newton, has the potential to become an important 
transition fuel in helping the UK achieve its 2050 Net Zero 
emissions target.
At time of writing, Keddington is expected to be, following 
site upgrades, close to being operational and poised to 
deliver the Company additional revenues.
Union Jack’s initial success in the USA over the past 12 
months, highlights the ease of entry and ability to execute 
our business in that country, justifying the Board’s decision 
to seek further growth opportunities internationally to 
bolster the Company’s robust production and appraisal 
assets in the United Kingdom.
Our appetite for additional growth opportunities has  
been whetted by our recent positive experiences in the 
USA and discussions are at an advanced stage with Reach  
in respect of expanding our activities over the coming 
months and beyond.
I believe the Board’s optimism in our further expansion 
in the USA, executed alongside a proactive drilling and 
development campaign, will deliver material rewards in  
due course.
I am confident that the increase in drilling, appraisal and 
development activity being evaluated in the pursuit of 
growth from our balanced UK and USA portfolios has the 
potential for notable value creation for shareholders. We 
believe our heightened activity and the expected additional 
news-flow generated, combined with effective investor 
engagement on both sides of the Atlantic, will continue to 
attract the ongoing support of our existing shareholders 
and the attention of new investors, broadening the appeal 
of the Company to a wider audience.  
The Company retains a strong Balance Sheet and a clear 
focus on the development of its assets both in the UK and 
the opportunity-charged USA. This includes a balanced 
portfolio of Mineral Royalties, along with the production 
assets that are now assembled, that are expected to 
contribute meaningful revenue and growth opportunities 
going forward.
I take this opportunity to thank our shareholders for  
their continued support, as well as my co-directors and 
advisers, both in the UK and USA, all of whom continue  
to contribute towards the development and growth of  
the Company.
The future of Union Jack remains bright.
David Bramhill
Executive Chairman
16 May 2025
OUTLOOK
CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT
5
www.unionjackoil.com

Wressle is located in Lincolnshire, on the western margin 
of the Humber Basin and is one of the most productive 
conventional producing onshore oilfields in the UK.
The Wressle-1 (“Wressle”) discovery was defined on 
proprietary 3D seismic data. The structure is on trend 
with the Crosby Warren oilfield and the Broughton North 
Prospect, both located to the immediate northwest and 
the Brigg-1 discovery to the southeast. These wells contain 
hydrocarbons in several different sandstone reservoirs 
within the Upper Carboniferous succession. The majority  
of the Broughton North Prospect is covered by the same 
3D seismic survey to that of the Wressle field.
Since the proppant squeeze and coiled tubing operations 
conducted during August 2021, Wressle has established 
itself as Union Jack’s key project with initial production rates 
far exceeding original expectations. Wressle has generated 
revenues in excess of US$23,000,000 net to Union Jack 
before taxes, allowing the Company to be self-sustaining for 
almost four years. To date, over 700,000 barrels of high-
quality oil have been produced and sold from Wressle.
During the period, Wressle produced on constrained  
flow an average of 416 barrels of oil per day (“bopd”), 
Union Jack net 166.4 bopd. 
•	
Average oil price of US$80.76
•	
Average water cut of 32%
•	
Site downtime of 14 days
Water produced is easily managed and disposed of at a 
nearby facility.
Production during 2023 was at the higher rate, however, 
due to initial water breakthrough a down-hole jet pump  
was installed which operates within regulatory controls. 
In early January 2024, the Joint Venture partnership 
published the results of a CPR compiled by ERCE for 
Wressle and Broughton North Prospect.
The highlights of this CPR are as follows:
•	
263% increase in 2P Reserves
•	
Reclassification of 1,883 mboe in Penistone Flags 
Contingent Resources to 2P Reserves
•	
59% upgrade to the Ashover Grit and Wingfield Flags 
Estimated Ultimate Recoverable
•	
23% upgrade to Broughton North Prospective 2U 
Resources
WRESSLE DEVELOPMENT 
PEDL180 AND PEDL182 (40%)
WRESSLE IS ONE OF THE MOST 
PRODUCTIVE CONVENTIONAL 
ONSHORE OILFIELDS IN THE UK 
AND HAS GENERATED IN EXCESS OF 
US$23,000,000 IN REVENUES SINCE 
RECOMMENCEMENT OF PRODUCTION 
IN AUGUST 2021
OPERATIONAL  
REVIEW
6
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024
UNION JACK OIL PLC    

BUSINESS & STRATEGY
CPR Wressle Gross Oil and Gas Reserves (mboe)
Category
Gross Reserves
1P
2P
3P
2016 CPR
303
655
1,356
Added
–
–
–
Produced to  
30 June 2023
(519)
(519)
(519)
Revisions
258
354
403
Reclassified
864
1,883
3,647
2023 CPR
906
2,373
4,887
Reserves Change
199%
263%
261%
Note: One barrel of oil equivalent (“boe”) is equal to 5,714 
standard cubic foot (“scf”) of natural gas
CPR Broughton North Gross Oil and Gas 
Prospective Resources (mboe)
Category
Gross Unrisked Prospective 
Resources
1U
2U
3U
2016 CPR
180
494
1,156
Added
–
–
–
Produced to  
30 June 2023
–
–
–
Revisions
33
114
376
Reclassified
–
–
–
2023 CPR
213
608
1,532
Planning consent was received for the development plan 
during September 2024, which included the drilling of 
two new wells and the installation of a gas pipeline and 
processing equipment. However, the North Lincolnshire 
Council’s decision to grant planning was subsequently 
rescinded following a third-party challenge in light of the 
Finch Supreme Court judgement. 
The Operator, Egdon Resources U.K. Limited, on behalf 
of the Joint Venture partners, has subsequently completed 
the newly required Scope 3 emissions report such that the 
planning application for further development of the Wressle 
field can be re-assessed.
The Board believes that the Company’s interest in Wressle 
will continue to deliver significant revenues for at least the 
next decade. The Board looks forward to the remainder of 
2025 and beyond with enthusiasm and expect to crystallise 
the additional value of this primary asset as soon as the 
required approvals are received.
WRESSLE CONTINUES TO PRODUCE 
AT THE TOP END OF THE CPR 
PRODUCTION PROFILE FORECAST
PEDL241
Crosby  Warren
WRESSLE 1
HIBALDSTOW 1
Scrawby
WRESSLE
Scunthorpe
BRIGG 1
NORTH KELSEY 
PROSPECT
PEDL180
GLANDFORD 1
BROUGHTON 1
BROUGHTON NORTH
PROPECT
PEDL182
OPERATIONAL REVIEW
7
www.unionjackoil.com

PEDL183 is located onshore UK, north of the River 
Humber, encompassing the town of Beverley, East 
Yorkshire. The licence area is within the western sector  
of the Southern Zechstein Basin. 
The West Newton A-2 and B-1Z drilling programmes  
have yielded substantial hydrocarbon discoveries within  
the Kirkham Abbey formation. 
The table below notes the West Newton gross unrisked 
technically recoverable sales volumes as calculated  
by independent engineers RPS Group Limited (“RPS”)  
in late 2022.
Category
Gross Technically Recoverable
Gas (bcf)
Liquids (mbbl)
1C
99.7
299.4
2C
197.6
593.0
3C
393.0
1,178.9
Laboratory reports confirm that the hydrocarbon-bearing 
Kirkham Abbey reservoir is extremely sensitive to aqueous 
fluids and that previous drilling of the West Newton wells 
with water-based mud had created near well-bore damage, 
affecting the natural porosity and permeability of the 
formation, which in turn had a detrimental effect on its 
ability to flow. Further analyses have concluded that the  
use of dilute water-based acids during well testing would 
have also affected the flow characteristics of the Kirkham 
Abbey reservoir.
A Gas Export feasibility study was undertaken and 
completed during Q2 2024 by independent energy 
consultants CNG Services Limited (“CNG”).
CNG concluded that an initial single well development and 
gas export plan is economically and technically feasible, 
allowing for advanced production and cash flow with 
relatively modest capital expenditure.
First gas production is planned to be from a single 
horizontal well, processed through a modular plant, tied in 
from the West Newton A site to the National Transmission 
system via an overground pipeline.
WEST NEWTON Development
PEDL183 (16.665%)
OPERATIONAL REVIEW
8
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024
UNION JACK OIL PLC    

BUSINESS & STRATEGY
The North Sea Transition Authority (“NSTA”) has approved 
a revised work programme for PEDL183, allowing progress 
in the most efficient manner.
The revised minimum work programme is subject to 
regulatory and other approvals. 
Expectations are that the Joint Venture partners will approve 
the recompletion of the A2 well as this is deemed the best 
low-risk and low-cost approach to de-risk the project.
Commercial gas production could be brought to market 
within months of a successful well test whilst additional 
activity is carried out on the further development of  
West Newton.
The Operator, Rathlin Energy, has been informed by the 
Environment Agency that its application on behalf of the 
Joint Venture partners has been ‘Duly Made’ and further 
updates will be provided in due course.
GaffneyCline Associates, an international petroleum 
consultancy has compiled a Carbon Intensity Study in 
respect of the gas resource at West Newton resulting  
in an AA Rating, the lowest possible carbon intensity  
grade on that company’s rating scale, for its potential  
gas and upstream production.
Union Jack believes investors will only wish to provide 
finance to companies and projects that support a  
transition to a low-carbon economy. As part of the 
Company’s ongoing strategy in respect of the environment, 
Union Jack commits to be totally transparent in respect  
of its projects and on how its carbon management practice 
is implemented.
The Joint Venture partners continue to plan the most 
efficient and economic method to convert the impressive 
West Newton Contingent Resource into a viable 
hydrocarbon development within an acceptable time frame.
A future West Newton development will benefit from 
being located in an area that provides access to substantial 
local infrastructure and could deliver significant volumes of 
onshore low-carbon sales gas into the UK’s energy market.
GREAT 
HATFIELD 1
WEST 
NEWTON
ELLERBY 
PROSPECT
SPRING HILL 
PROSPECT
WITHERNSEA 
PROPECT
WINESTEAD 1
RISBY 1
CRAWBERRY HILL 1
Hull
Immingham
Easington
Beverley
PEDL183
A2
A1
B1Z
B1
THE JOINT venture PARTNERS 
CONTINUE TO PLAN THE MOST 
EFFICIENT AND ECONOMIC METHOD 
TO CONVERT THE IMPRESSIVE WEST 
NEWTON CONTINGENT RESOURCE 
INTO A VIABLE HYDROCARBON 
DEVELOPMENT WITHIN AN 
ACCEPTABLE TIME FRAME
OPERATIONAL REVIEW
9
www.unionjackoil.com

KEDDINGTON 
PEDL005(R) (55%) 
The Keddington oilfield is located along the highly 
prospective East Barkwith Ridge, an east-west structural 
high on the southern margin of the Humber Basin.
During 2024, a major upgrade of the site’s production 
facilities and bund area was undertaken and is planned 
to reach completion during May 2025. Production from 
Keddington will be reinstated in the very near future 
where oil production rates and reliability are anticipated 
to increase dramatically, especially with early flush 
production expected.
A technical review by the Operator has confirmed that 
there remains an undrained oil resource located on the 
eastern side of the Keddington field. Planning consent for 
further drilling is already in place, presenting an opportunity 
to increase production via a development side-track from 
one of the existing wells.
To facilitate confirmation of the target definition and well 
design planning, re-processing of legacy 3D seismic data  
has been completed.
The Operator’s modelling indicates that infill drilling is 
forecast to improve recovery from the Keddington field 
by between 113,000 to 183,000 barrels of oil, depending 
on the reservoir permeability model selected and the 
combination of infill targets.
The sub-surface target of a step-out well has been identified 
and it is planned to drill the well, where planning consent 
is already granted, when macro-economic conditions are 
favourable.
CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT
THE UPGRADED KEDDINGTON 
OILFIELD IS EXPECTED TO BE 
COMMISSIONED IN THE NEAR 
FUTURE AND OIL PRODUCTION 
RATES ALONG WITH EFFICIENCY 
ARE EXPECTED TO INCREASE 
DRAMATICALLY
OPERATIONAL REVIEW
10
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024
UNION JACK OIL PLC    

BUSINESS & STRATEGY
BISCATHORPE 
PEDL253 (45%) 
PEDL253 is situated within the proven hydrocarbon fairway 
of the South Humber Basin and is on-trend with the 
Keddington oilfield and the Saltfleetby gasfield.
While drilling the Biscathorpe-2 well, there were 
hydrocarbon shows, elevated gas readings and sample 
fluorescence observed over the entire interval from 
the top of the Dinantian to the total depth of the well, 
with 68 metres being interpreted as being oil-bearing.
Independent consultants APT also conducted analyses, 
confirming a hydrocarbon column of 33-34 API gravity  
oil, comparable with the oil produced at the nearby 
Keddington oilfield.
Further evaluation of the results of the Biscathorpe-2 well, 
together with the reprocessing of 264 square kilometres of 
3D seismic, indicate a potentially material and commercial 
hydrocarbon resource that remains to be appraised.
A side-track well is planned, targeting the Dinantian 
Carbonate where the Operator has assessed, in accordance 
with the PRMS Standard, a gross Mean Prospective 
Resource of 2.55 million barrels of oil (“mmbbl”). The 
overlying Basal Westphalian Sandstone has the potential 
to add gross Mean Prospective Resources of 3.95 mmbbl. 
Economic modelling demonstrates that the Westphalian 
target remains economically robust in the current oil  
price environment.
During November 2023, the Planning Inspectorate upheld 
the appeal against the refusal of planning permission 
by Lincolnshire County Council for a side-track drilling 
operation, associated testing and long-term oil production 
at the Biscathorpe-2 wellsite. 
Due to the ramifications of the ‘Finch Case’ the successful 
planning appeal decision was overturned following a judicial 
review and the Planning Inspectorate is arranging a new 
appeal process.
Union Jack’s technical team believe that Biscathorpe remains 
one of the largest unappraised conventional onshore 
discoveries within the UK.
PEDL5
PEDL5
SCUPHOLME 1
KEDDINGTON
KELSTERN 1
BISCATHORPE 2
SALTFLEETBY
BISCATHORPE 1
PEDL253
PEDL334
BISCATHORPE 
PROSPECT
NORTH KELSEY 
PEDL241 (50%)
North Kelsey is a conventional oil exploration prospect on 
trend with, and analogous to Wressle. The prospect has 
been mapped from 3D seismic data and has the potential for 
oil in four stacked Upper Carboniferous reservoir targets.
The Operator, Egdon Resources U.K. Limited has  
recently completed an updated resource assessment  
for the North Kelsey prospect. This work is pending  
review by Union Jack.
Should the Joint Venture partners decide to drill an 
exploration well, a new planning application will be 
submitted to Lincolnshire County Council to enable the 
prospect to be drilled to assess the resource potential.
OTHER LICENCE 
INTERESTS
Union Jack has interests in a small number of other 
non-core projects, EXL294 Fiskerton Airfield 
and PEDL209 Laughton, where its interests in 
these licences have all been fully impaired. 
Fiskerton Airfield (EXL294) is currently shut in. Longer 
term potential for the site is to manage produced water 
through the existing water injection well on site.
During the year, PEDL118 Dukes Wood and PEDL203 
Kirklington were relinquished and the Company 
is in the process of relinquishing PEDL209.
OPERATIONAL REVIEW
11
www.unionjackoil.com

For numerous reasons, including the punitive Energy Profit 
Levy of 38% imposed on profits generated within the 
UK and totally unacceptable planning delays, the Board 
commenced the execution of a plan to seek growth 
opportunities in regimes with sympathetic views towards 
the hydrocarbon industry, without compromising global 
environmental objectives and the aim of achieving net zero 
emissions by 2050.
The Board of Union Jack saw significant potential for growth 
in the USA and in late 2023 embarked on a programme of 
rapid expansion where in the timeframe of just over one 
year the Company has:
•	
Material ownership stakes in numerous drilling, 
development and production projects
•	
Formed a drilling partnership with Reach
•	
Built a quality, cash generating, Mineral Royalty portfolio 
in the Permian Basin, Bakken Shale and Eagle Ford Shale
•	
Material cash flows from operations
•	
Formed relationships with an excellent team of advisers
Union Jack’s drilling partners Reach, established in 2018,  
are a quality, accredited private company operating 
numerous oil and gas producing facilities in Seminole  
and Pottawatomie Counties in Oklahoma, USA.
Reach was formed by Miles Newman and Isabel Davies, 
successful explorationists with prominent O&G experience 
and Jim McKenny, a hydrocarbon expert specialising  
in advanced seismic acquisition and processing in the  
US mid-continent.
Union Jack harbours enterprising plans in the USA going 
forward with its partnership with Reach.
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA  
STRATEGIC GROWTH AND  
EXPANSION PLAN
NORTH
DAKOTA
OKLAHOMA
TEXAS
OPERATIONAL REVIEW
12
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024
UNION JACK OIL PLC    

BUSINESS & STRATEGY
During January 2024, the Company signed a farm-in 
agreement with Reach to acquire a 45% interest in the 
West Bowlegs Prospect, located in Seminole County, 
Oklahoma, USA, on which two exploration wells  
were successfully drilled and are now known as the 
Andrews Field (“Andrews”).
Andrews, comprising of the Andrews 1-17 and Andrews 
2-17 discovery wells, drilled and completed during 2024,  
are predominantly gas producers with associated oil from 
the Hunton Limestone formation (“Hunton”), one of the 
main hydrocarbon reservoirs in Oklahoma.
The Hunton, the primary objective for the Andrews wells, 
is a prolific, producing hydrocarbon reservoir in Oklahoma, 
which is unconformably overlain by the main oil-prone rock, 
the Woodford Shale.
The Andrews wells confirmed the presence of the primary 
objective, showing high porosity with elevated gas readings 
with good reservoir qualities being interpreted on the 
wireline logs. Subsequently both wells were completed  
and put onto production.
Since the commencement of production, the Andrews Field 
has produced and sold over 50,000,000 cubic feet of clean 
natural gas and 10,000 barrels of high-quality oil with an 
average API of 45.5 degrees.
In-house assessment of gas reserves by the Operator, 
Reach, is that over 1.2 billion cubic feet of recoverable gas 
remain in place with an estimated field life of approximately 
20 years.
OPEX costs associated with Andrews are remarkably low, 
currently at approximately US$3,500 per month, translating 
into production costs of less than US$5 per barrel of oil 
equivalent (“boe”) and driving healthy operating netbacks. 
The West Bowlegs drilling, the Company’s first operating 
venture in the USA, was a commercial success and an 
excellent start for Union Jack in its initial enterprise with 
Reach and met the Board’s criteria of acquiring material 
interests in near-term, low-cost drilling projects being 
capable of quickly adding cash-flow.
WEST BOWLEGS PROSPECT ANDREWS 1-17  
AND ANDREWS 2-17 DISCOVERY WELLS  
OKLAHOMA – THE ANDREWS FIELD 
(45%) 
THE WEST BOWLEGS DRILLING,  
the FIRST OPERATING VENTURE 
IN THE USA RESULTING IN A 
COMMERCIAL SUCCESS WAS AN 
EXCELLENT START FOR UNION JACK 
IN ITS INITIAL drill programme 
WITH REACH
OPERATIONAL REVIEW
13
www.unionjackoil.com

MOCCASIN 1-13 DISCOVERY 
(45%)
The Moccasin 1-13 well (“Moccasin”), located in 
Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma and declared a commercial 
discovery was drilled to Total Depth of 5,690 feet to test 
a dip and fault closed structure, mapped from 3D seismic, 
downthrown on the west side of the Wilzetta Fault.
Moccasin was an untested structural prospect with several 
targets, both primary and secondary. The structure was a 
compressive feature, associated with the Wilzetta Fault. This 
strike slip-fault was active through the Ordovician to early 
Carboniferous periods and is responsible for several large 
oil accumulations. The Woodford Shale, the main source 
for light oil across the region, is present within the Moccasin 
structure and between the primary reservoir targets.
Several potential oil-bearing intervals were highlighted on 
electric logs as hydrocarbon bearing following appraisal.
The primary objective, the 1st Wilcox formation, was 
perforated, tested and confirmed as a significant oil producer.
Initial open hole average flow rate was over several test 
periods and a number of days was recorded at 25.88 barrels 
of oil per hour, equating to over 600 barrels of oil per day.
Moccasin is currently being evaluated and is on test 
production, producing at a highly constrained rate of circa 
80-100 barrels of oil per day, prior to determining the rate 
for maximum ultimate oil recovery.
Permanent production facilities have been installed, 
comprising oil storage tanks, separator and flowlines  
and light crude oil with an API of 32 degrees is being  
sold. To date, over 3,000 barrels of oil have been  
produced and sold whilst testing.
Two other secondary zones, the Red Fork and the 
Bartlesville Sandstones will be perforated and tested  
in due course.
Based on current flow rates, Moccasin is expected to 
provide material revenues to the Company going forward.
The success of Moccasin has opened a raft of new and 
compelling opportunities in Oklahoma for the Company.
The Company signed a farm-in agreement with Reach 
to acquire a 75% interest in a high-impact well, Diana-1, 
planned to be drilled at a future date to test the Footwall 
Fold Prospect in the Wilzetta Fault play, a proven oil 
producing location and in an area of associated interest.
The prolific Wilzetta Fault plays are the sites of numerous 
oilfields across Central Oklahoma which include:
•	
North-East Shawnee field, three miles south of the 
Prospect, which has produced more than 5,800,000 
barrels of oil to date
•	
West Bellmont field, adjacent to the Prospect, which 
has produced more than 580,000 barrels of oil to date
•	
Arlington Field, ten miles north-east of the Prospect, 
which has produced more than 1,800,000 barrels  
of oil to date 
Typical wells drilled in the Wilzetta Fault can produce 
approximately 250 barrels of oil per day providing pay-back 
within three months.
The Diana-1 well will be drilled to a depth of 6,000 feet 
where the prospect integrity is supported by recently 
reprocessed 3D seismic data.
WILZETTA FAULT PLAY AND DRILLING IN OKLAHOMA
(75%) 
OPERATIONAL REVIEW
14
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024
UNION JACK OIL PLC    

BUSINESS & STRATEGY
The Rogers enhanced oil recovery project is located 
approximately two kilometres from the Andrews Field  
and is planned to materially increase delivery from the  
S&M and Rogers, two legacy production wells.
Base-case secondary recovery volumes calculated by the 
Operator, Reach, suggest that up to a further 124,000 
barrels of oil can be recovered. Union Jack believes the 
project economics are attractive, indicating future gross 
revenues at prevailing oil and gas prices of approximately 
US$5.0 million with a remarkable IRR approaching 60%.
Water produced from the Andrew 1-17 well is being 
injected into the Coker well and reservoir pressure is being 
rebuilt. Signs are encouraging with a small amount of oil and 
gas having been recovered.
ROGERS SECONDARY RECOVERY PROJECT 
(45%) 
The Taylor 1-16 well (“Taylor”), located in Seminole County, 
Oklahoma, was drilled to a Total Depth of 4,577 feet and 
encountered the Hunton, Misner and Cromwell Sand 
formations.
The Cromwell was perforated and returned oil which has 
been sold to market. To enhance production, the well will 
need to undergo a hydraulic fracturing operation.
The Hunton, following perforation was confirmed to be 
oil bearing and lifting measures for production are being 
considered.
Going forward, work will be carried out on the Cromwell 
later in 2025 and the Hunton will be added back to 
production in due course.
TAYLOR 1-16 WELL 
(45%) 
OPERATIONAL REVIEW
15
www.unionjackoil.com

MINERAL ROYALTIES
During late 2023 and early 2024, Union Jack acquired 
six quality Mineral Royalty packages, all brokered by the 
Company’s Oklahoma based agent and adviser, Reach.
The Mineral Royalties portfolio delivered attractive returns 
in excess of 25% by contributing revenues of £196,737  
in 2024 (£35,142 in 2023) based on a capitalised value  
of £783,219 at year end 2025 (£679,524 in 2023).
The general attractions of USA Mineral Royalties include:
•	
Exposure to active and productive basins and some  
of the largest operators in the USA 
•	
Monthly income with no development or operating 
costs
•	
Ownership in perpetuity, with no forward liabilities  
or obligations
•	
Royalties estimated to have a long economic life, in 
some cases more than 26 years and an IRR in excess  
of 25% during 2024
The Mineral Royalties assembled to date are summarised 
below: 
•	
Cronus Unit, containing a 25 well package in the 
Permian Basin, Midland County, Texas, (effective  
date December 2023); the property is comprised  
of nine Chevron and 16 XTO (a subsidiary of Exxon) 
operated wells 
•	
COG Operating LLC (a subsidiary of ConocoPhillips) 
operated Powell Ranch Unit, consisting of 15 wells in 
the Permian Basin, Upton County, Texas (effective date 
November 2023); the property is comprised of seven 
horizontal and eight vertical wells 
•	
Occidental operated Palm Springs Unit, containing 10 
horizontal wells in the Permian Basin, Howard County, 
Texas (effective date January 2024) 
•	
Bakken Shale, a diversified 96 well interest package, 
located in Dunn, McKenzie and Williams Counties, 
North Dakota. Quality Operators include Burlington 
Resources, Continental and Hess (effective date  
March 2024)
•	
Permian Basin, an eight well producing unit, located 
in Howard and Borden Counties, Texas. Operated 
by Vital Energy Inc, a quoted, Permian Basin focused 
entity, based in Tulsa, Oklahoma (effective date  
March 2024)
•	
Eagle Ford Shale, a nine producing horizontal well 
package, located in DeWitt County, Texas, operated  
by ROCC Operating (effective date March 2024)
The Mineral Royalties also provide additional upside as  
new wells are completed and drilled on the properties  
at no cost to Union Jack. Chevron, one of the operators, 
has publicly stated their commitment to expanding 
activities in the Permian Basin.
The operators associated with the Royalties are all major 
producers, ranking highly in the S&P Global (formerly 
Standard & Poor’s), Fitch, and Moody credit ratings.
The Company’s intent is to expand its Mineral 
Royalty portfolio as and when appropriate acquisition 
opportunities arise.
ROYALTIES ARE ESTIMATED TO HAVE 
A LONG ECONOMIC LIFE, IN SOME 
CASES MORE THAN 26 YEARS AND 
AN EXCELLENT RATE OF RETURN ON 
INVESTMENT
OPERATIONAL REVIEW
16
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024
UNION JACK OIL PLC    

BUSINESS & STRATEGY
Union Jack’s corporate growth in the USA during 
the past 12 months has been noteworthy, marked by 
planned strategic expansion and the assembly of balanced 
production, development and exploration assets in 
Oklahoma, leveraging on the regional proficiency of its 
partners, Reach.
The appointment of key advisers in the Company’s area of 
hydrocarbon operations is essential. As Union Jack expands 
its presence in the USA, an integral part of the Company’s 
broader strategy to enhance its operational abilities and 
expand its influence within the industry is to appoint a 
combined selection of like-minded professionals to assist  
a smooth passage as it delivers growth in the USA.
To date, Union Jack has appointed a number of advisers,  
all of whom bring specialised knowledge and insights that 
align with its long-term vision of innovation, sustainable 
growth and adaptability.
By integrating its advisers’ expertise into the decision 
making framework, the Board is of the belief that these 
appointments underscore its proactive approach to 
navigating the Company’s corporate presence in the  
USA and maximise the potential for continued success.
BancFirst
High interest account and banking facilities
Sidoti
Lighthouse Universe sponsored research
Harbor Access
Investor Relations Consultants
Haynes Boone
Legal Counsel
Hogan Taylor
Tax Consultants
OTC Markets
Quoted on the OTCQB under ticker UJOGF
USA CORPORATE GROWTH AND ADVISERS
OPERATIONAL REVIEW
17
www.unionjackoil.com

STRATEGIC REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
18
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024
UNION JACK OIL PLC    
STRATEGY
The Company’s strategy is the appraisal and development 
of the licence interests currently owned in the United 
Kingdom and United States of America. 
BUSINESS REVIEW
Union Jack Oil plc is a UK registered company, focused on 
the exploration and future development of the hydrocarbon 
project interests held by the Company within the UK and 
the USA.
A review of the Company’s operations during the year 
ended 31 December 2024 and subsequent to the date 
of this report is contained in the Chairman’s Statement, 
Operational Review and the Strategic Report.
The gross profit for the year amounted to £1,968,101  
(2023: £3,298,844),
The net profit for the year amounted to £649,213 
(2023: £859,089).
The profit for the year includes impairments to Property,  
Plant and Equipment, of which total costs are £10,148 
(2023: £56,829). The 2024 impairments are in relation  
to EXL294.
Administrative expenses, excluding impairment costs, 
amounted to £1,878,089 (2023: £2,057,506). 
Cash and cash equivalents at year end amounted  
to £2,527,831 (2023: £5,198,303).
Total Assets at year end amounted to £23,846,105 
(2023: £24,176,606).
Non-current assets at year end amounted to £20,451,145 
(2023: £17,431,036).
Intangible Assets totalled £12,417,818 (2023: £10,905,630). 
Tangible assets totalled £7,691,397 (2023: £5,888,456).
Of the asset figures above, the net effect is a reduction  
in capital due to a dividend payment.
The Company’s Income Statement reports revenues of 
£3,929,722 (2023: £5,065,679) in respect of production 
income.
During February 2024, a farm-in agreement was  
announced with Reach to drill the West Bowlegs  
Prospect in Oklahoma, USA.
In February 2024, the Company acquired a 75% working 
interest in the Wilzetta drilling project comprising the 
Diana-1 well in Oklahoma, USA.
During March 2024, the Company acquired Mineral Royalty 
packages located within the Bakken Shale, North Dakota, 
Permian Basin, Texas and the Eagle Ford Shale Texas,  
all in the USA.
In April 2024, the Company obtained a trading facility  
on the OTCQB Venture Market in the USA.
During May 2024, the Company announced the intent 
to pay a 0.25 pence dividend in July 2024 to all qualifying 
shareholders.
In April 2024, Craig Howie joined the Board of Union Jack 
as an independent non-executive director.
During May 2024, a Carbon Intensity Study on the 
West Newton gas development project, compiled by 
GaffneyCline was published showing an AA rating.
In June 2024, the Company acquired a 45% interest in the 
Rogers Secondary Recovery project in Oklahoma, USA.
In June 2024, Ray Godson, non executive director retired 
from the Board at the Annual General Meeting.
During October 2024, planning approval for further 
development at Wressle was rescinded by North 
Lincolnshire Council as a consequence of the Supreme 
Court Finch ruling in June 2024.
In November 2024, the Taylor 1-16 well in Oklahoma,  
USA was drilled and awaits completion in the Hunton  
and Cromwell formations during H1 2025.

BUSINESS & STRATEGY
Table of Key Performance Indicators
KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS
FOR THE YEAR ENDING 
31 DECEMBER 2024 
£
FOR THE YEAR ENDING 
31 DECEMBER 2023 
£
Revenue
3,929,722
5,065,679
Total Comprehensive Income
240,421
733,687
Cash and Cash Equivalents
2,527,831
5,198,303
Net Current Assets
3,172,066
6,356,047
Total Equity
21,870,751
21,896,746
19
www.unionjackoil.com
FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
The directors intend to continue with the Company’s stated 
strategy, reviewing the licence interests held in respect of 
future viability, any potential impairment indicators that may 
arise during the year and adjusting as soon as possible to 
any changes that may be required in the operation of the 
licence interests held.
In the UK the Company holds a number of key, quality 
project interests, namely, Wressle, West Newton, 
Biscathorpe, Keddington and North Kelsey, where 
development, appraisal and exploration plans are in place 
for the future benefit of stakeholders and the Company.
The initial success as a result of the drilling and development 
of the Andrews 1-17, Andrews 2-17 (the Andrews Field), 
Taylor 1-16 and Moccasin 1-13 (post Balance Sheet 
date) wells is highly encouraging and further drilling and 
development in the USA is planned for the future. 
KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS
The Financial Statements for the year ended 31 December 
2024, show production from Wressle and Keddington 
within the UK, and the Andrews Field and Mineral Royalties 
in the USA.
The Board is extremely pleased with the business 
performance of the Company and notes the positive 
financial figures reported within the Key Performance 
Indicators table.
During the year, the Company remained profitable and  
paid a dividend.
Further events which took place after the Balance Sheet 
date are described in the Directors’ Report and note 23  
to the Financial Statements.
STRATEGIC REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

SECTION 172 STATEMENT
All large companies must include a separate statement 
within their Strategic Report that explains how the 
directors have had regard to broader stakeholder interests 
when performing their duty under section 172 of the 
Companies Act 2006, to promote the success of the 
Company for the benefit of its members as a whole.
The past few years have seen intense focus and debate 
on UK corporate governance. A decline in public trust in 
business has been caused in part by high-profile business 
failures, accusations of excessive executive pay, unethical 
tax avoidance by multinational businesses and deteriorating 
relationships with employees over pay and contractual 
terms. These factors have led to Prime Ministerial 
statements, select committee inquiries, public consultations, 
a Government white paper and, ultimately, to changes in 
legislation, stock exchange rules and governance codes.
Many of the matters noted have resulted from decisions 
made in the board room and their effects have been felt by 
employees, pension scheme members, customers, suppliers 
and other stakeholders, as well as shareholders, the 
interests of all of whom directors have a statutory duty  
to consider when making a decision.
Under section 172, the directors have a duty to promote 
the success of the Company for the benefit of the members 
as a whole and, in doing so, they should have regard to 
(amongst other matters) six specified areas that relate,  
by-and-large, to wider stakeholder interests.
STRATEGIC REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
Duty to promote the 
success of the Company 
for the benefit of its 
members as a whole, 
having regard to:
Foster business
relationships with 
suppliers, customers 
and others
Likely consequence 
of any decision in 
the long term
Act fairly as 
between members 
of the Company
Interests of
employees
Maintain a reputation 
for high standards of
business conduct
Impact of operations 
on the community 
and the environment
20
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024
UNION JACK OIL PLC    

BUSINESS & STRATEGY
Likely consequences of any decision in the  
long-term
The Company has a clear aim which is to build a 
safe, sustainable and successful onshore hydrocarbon 
exploration, development and production business,  
within the UK and the USA. 
The Company’s activities of investment in licence interests 
to explore and/or produce oil and/or gas are in general 
focused on the longer term. This is particularly the case 
given that the Company itself is not an operator of any  
of the oil or gas fields in which it has an interest, which 
means that the Board is able to focus on longer term 
strategic decisions rather than day-to-day operating 
decisions. The Company undertakes its strategic acquisitions 
in conjunction with three JOA partners, Egdon Resources 
U.K. Limited, Rathlin Energy (UK) Limited and Reach Oil 
& Gas Company Inc (“Reach”) (the “JOA Partners”).
Through its financing activities and production revenues, 
the Board has ensured that the Company is well 
capitalised and has cash resources for all of its current 
and anticipated capital requirements, to ensure that the 
Company has a viable operating plan for the long-term.
Stakeholder identification and engagement
The Company recognises the importance of fostering 
strong relationships with its stakeholders in order  
to create sustainable long-term value, and the Board 
encourages active dialogue and transparency with all  
its stakeholder groups. 
Business decisions are made with the needs of the 
Company’s key stakeholders in mind. The Company has 
identified external and internal stakeholder groups which 
are principally relevant to the proper discharge of the  
duty of the directors under section 172(1) to promote  
the success of the Company. 
Customers and suppliers
The Company does not deal directly with customers 
or suppliers in relation to the oil and gas fields, save for 
its relationship with the JOA Partners who operate the 
relevant fields, both within the UK and the USA. 
The Company’s strategy in respect of its customers and 
suppliers is to ensure a sustainable relationship with its  
JOA Partners.
The Company has implemented this strategy in the 
following ways:
•	
The Board ensures that there is a direct relationship  
at Board level with the Company’s partners
•	
The Board is careful to select JOA and other partners 
with experience, resources and similar values to the 
Company
•	
The Board only invests in interests in licences where  
the Company has a degree of influence over the manner 
in which the operations of that block are operated
•	
The Board is mindful in its decisions of the indirect 
impact that the Company’s actions may have through 
the activities of its operators and other partners on 
suppliers, customers and others
•	
The Board maintains good relations with its suppliers  
by adhering to a strict policy of settling all invoices  
in a timely manner 
Regulators 
The Company is subject to a variety of laws and regulations 
both in the UK and the USA that involve matters central  
to the business. 
In particular, site operations in the UK are also subject 
to scrutiny by the North Sea Transition Authority, the 
Environment Agency and the Health and Safety Executive 
before commencement. In response to regulation 
in this area, the Board ensures that the Company is 
partnered with JOA partners that adhere diligently to 
all requirements for a safe working environment via the 
Operators. For example, the JOA Partners ensure that 
site personnel are subject to all health and safety measures 
which include induction courses before admission to 
site and the mandatory wearing of safety equipment in 
order to ensure the wellbeing of site staff and visitors.
STRATEGIC REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
21
www.unionjackoil.com

Shareholders 
The Company recognises the importance of active 
shareholder engagement, to enable the views of the 
Company’s wider shareholder base to be considered  
as part of the Board’s decision making process.
The Board has implemented this strategy in the  
following ways:
•	
The Board is very active in encouraging and participating 
in direct dialogue with shareholders in order to ensure 
the Company’s shareholders are kept regularly updated 
and are able to discuss strategy and performance 
directly with the Board (subject always to compliance 
with legal and regulatory requirements, including  
the Market Abuse Regulations (“MAR”)). This also 
allows the Board to obtain a clear understanding  
of shareholders’ motivations and concerns
•	
The Board facilitates direct communication  
with shareholders through the timely release  
of regulatory news, via a regulatory information  
service, which can be accessed through various 
channels, including the London Stock Exchange  
website www.londonstockexchange.com and  
the Company’s website www.unionjackoil.com
•	
The Executive Chairman and the Company’s Nominated 
Adviser and Investor Relations consultants manage 
investor communications. For example, there has been 
recent investor speculation around junior hydrocarbon 
companies and the Board recognises the particular 
importance of regular, clear and timely communications 
with shareholders, to ensure that they are kept updated 
of major developments and potential risks in respect of 
the Company and the Industry in a timely manner
•	
The Board believes that shareholders are seeking a 
return on their investment primarily through capital 
appreciation as a result of exploration and appraisal 
success. Therefore the Company ensures that work 
programmes are fully funded and utilises the Board’s 
technical expertise to reduce or mitigate the risk  
of exploration
Employees
During the period, the Company directly employed five 
people all of whom were directors of the Company. As part 
of its strategy, the Board recognises that the Company’s 
employees are critical to the success of the Company and 
takes steps to ensure that the interests of its employees are 
protected, for example:
•	
The Company ensures that the employees possess  
a variety of complementary experiences and skill sets, 
including experience of industry-specific technical, 
financial and public capital markets sectors
•	
The Company has a Remuneration Committee to 
review the executive directors’ remuneration packages
•	
The executive directors determine the non-executive 
directors’ remuneration packages
STRATEGIC REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
22
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024
UNION JACK OIL PLC    

BUSINESS & STRATEGY
Impact on the environment and the community
The Company is committed to the highest standards 
of health, safety and environmental protection. These 
aspects command equal prominence with other business 
considerations and the Board is committed to operating  
the Company in a sustainable way. In particular, the Board  
is keenly aware of the local environment and the inhabitants 
in which the Company’s licence interests are situated.
The onshore oil and gas industry in both the UK and the 
USA has an excellent record in relation to health, safety  
and the protection of the environment.
The industry is also regulated by a number of statutory 
bodies including the Environment Agency in England and 
is recognised as being robust. Please refer to “Regulators” 
within this Strategic Report for further details.
Union Jack Oil strives to understand its impact on the 
environment and with the people that they engage and 
work with. We are focused on providing economic benefits 
to the areas in which we work, and contributing to the 
energy security and supply of the countries in which we  
are based.
To increase our awareness we have voluntarily chosen 
to undertake a double materiality assessment, utilising 
the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) 11: Oil and Gas 
sector specific guidance (see https://www.globalreporting.
org/media/0e3nzjr5/oil-gas-sector-standard-leaflet.pdf 
and associated documents for more information). This 
assessment can be seen on pages 26 - 27.
The desirability of the Company maintaining a 
reputation for high standards of business conduct
The Company has adopted various strategies and 
governance structures. The Board believes that its 
reputation for high standards of business conduct will  
follow from ensuring that appropriate governance 
structures are in place and from taking the right decisions, 
as noted within this Strategic Report. These strategies also 
ensure the continued success of the Company’s business 
model and response to specific risks. 
The need to act fairly as between members  
of the Company
As an AIM quoted company, Union Jack is subject to 
governance requirements and rules (including the AIM Rules 
for Companies and MAR), which are intended to ensure 
that shareholders are treated fairly. The Board takes its 
obligations to comply with these requirements seriously 
and has regular contact with its experienced professional 
advisers to ensure that these requirements are satisfied.
The directors, with the exception of independent non-
executive Craig Howie, all hold shares in the Company  
and their interests are therefore aligned to those of the 
other shareholders.
STRATEGIC REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
23
www.unionjackoil.com

PRINCIPAL RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES
As with the majority of companies within the energy sector, 
the business of oil and gas exploration and development 
includes varying degrees of risk. These risks broadly include 
operating reliance on third parties, the ability to monetise 
discoveries and the risk of cost overruns. There are also 
specific political, regulatory and licensing risks attached 
to various projects as well as issues of commerciality, 
environmental, economic, competition, reliance on key 
personnel, contractor and judicial factors.
Commodity prices will have an impact on potential 
revenues and forward investment decisions by the 
Operator on the projects invested in, as the economics 
may be adversely affected. However, onshore development 
costs are generally lower than for offshore developments. 
The Company does not use hedging facilities. The Company 
holds adequate Directors’ Insurance cover and the 
Company is covered by the Operator’s insurance during 
drilling and other operational situations. The Board, in its 
opinion, has mitigated risks as far as reasonably practicable.
The principal risks to the Company as well as the mitigation 
actions are set out below.
Strategic: A weak or poorly executed development 
process fails to create shareholder value
This risk is mitigated through performing a detailed technical 
review, both internally by management and externally by 
advisers, before an investment decision is taken for each 
investment, which includes a valuation exercise on the 
potential return on monies spent. The amount of interest 
acquired in each project is dependent upon the Company’s 
financial capability to fulfil its obligation. The Company’s 
technical management team is highly skilled with many 
years’ industry experience.
Operational: Operational events can have  
an adverse effect
The main risk is the potential failure to obtain planning 
permission in respect of the Company’s licence interests.
This risk is mitigated by the appointment of specialist 
professional entities who work together to compile planning 
applications designed to achieve a positive result.
A further potential risk is the reliance upon the Operators,  
Egdon Resources U.K. Limited, Rathlin Energy (UK) Limited, 
and Reach Oil & Gas Company Inc and their ability to 
determine timetables and priorities which are beyond the 
control of the Company. 
External Risk: Lack of growth caused by political, 
industry or market factors
The Company operates within the UK and the 
USA. The Board considers that the UK and USA 
onshore hydrocarbon arenas offer excellent value.
As mentioned in this review, oil and gas price volatility  
can cause concern. However, onshore developments can 
continue as planned in most cases as development costs  
are generally lower than for offshore. 
The oil price environment is always being monitored, 
however, the Company’s key assets are cashflow positive. 
Lack of control over key assets is mitigated by the fact  
that our Operators of choice, Egdon Resources U.K. 
Limited, Rathlin Energy (UK) Limited and Reach Oil & Gas 
Company Inc have a very transparent operating protocol 
and all partners are involved, both formally and informally, 
with offering input to the ongoing development of the 
projects in which they are involved. The Company’s  
in-house technical team capabilities are further supported 
by external consultants involved at all times and who 
together participate in regular technical meetings.
STRATEGIC REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
24
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024
UNION JACK OIL PLC    

BUSINESS & STRATEGY
Financial Risk: The lack of ability to meet  
financial obligations
The main risk is the lack of funds being available to pay  
for our future project commitments.
All expenditure associated with exploration and 
development assets is forecast and budgeted at least  
12 months in advance. The Company could raise its funds 
through the financial market by share issues, derivatives 
or borrowing to fund its financial obligations. Further 
comment in respect of Financial Risk Management 
Objectives and Policies, Cash Flow Risk, Credit Risk and 
Liquidity Risk are also covered within this Strategic Report.
FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT 
OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES
The Company’s activities expose it to a number of financial 
risks including liquidity risk, oil price risk, credit risk and 
cash flow risk. 
The use of financial derivatives is governed by the 
Company’s policies approved by the Board of Directors, 
which provide written principles on the use of financial 
derivatives to manage these risks. The Company would not 
use derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes 
and has had no requirement for their use to date.
LIQUIDITY RISK
In order to maintain liquidity to ensure that sufficient 
funds are available for ongoing operations and future 
developments, the Company uses its existing cash funds.
OIL PRICE RISK
The Company is exposed to oil price risk associated  
with sales of oil from production. The Company does  
not currently consider it necessary to use hedging 
instruments to manage its exposure to this risk.
CREDIT RISK
The Company’s principal financial assets are its cash 
balances. The credit risk on liquid funds is limited because 
the counterparty is a bank with high credit-rating.
CASH FLOW RISK
During the year, the Company’s activities did not expose 
it to financial risks of changes in foreign currency exchange 
rates. Whilst oil revenues are paid in US dollars, currency 
is exchanged at a spot price, unless allocated to US near 
future expenditure.
GOING CONCERN
The Company’s business activities, together with the factors 
likely to affect its future development, performance and 
position are set out in the Chairman’s Statement and this 
Strategic Report. The directors’ forecasts demonstrate 
that the Company will meet its day-to-day working 
capital and share of estimated project costs over the 
forecast period being at least 12 months from the sign-
off of these Financial Statements. The principal risk to 
the Company’s working capital position is drilling cost 
overruns. The Company has sufficient funding to meet 
planned drilling expenditures and a level of contingency. 
Taking account of these risks, sensitised forecasts show 
that the Company is able to operate within the level 
of funds currently held at the date of approval of these 
Financial Statements. The directors have a reasonable 
expectation that the Company has adequate resources 
to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable 
future. Thus they continue to adopt the going concern 
basis of accounting in preparing the Financial Statements.
APPROVAL OF THE BOARD
This Strategic Report contains certain forward-looking 
statements that are subject to the usual risk factors and 
uncertainties associated with the oil and gas exploration 
and production business. While the directors believe 
the expectations reflected within the Annual Report 
to be reasonable in light of the information available up 
to the time of their approval of this report, the actual 
outcome may be materially different owing to factors 
either beyond the Company’s control or otherwise 
within the Company’s control, for example owing to 
a change of plan or strategy. Accordingly, no reliance 
should be placed on the forward-looking statements.
On behalf of the Board
David Bramhill
Executive Chairman
16 May 2025
STRATEGIC REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
25
www.unionjackoil.com

MATERIALITY MATRIX – BUILDING AN UNDERSTANDING  
OF OUR COMPANY IMPACTS, RISKS AND OPPORTUNITIES
Our matrix has been determined through evaluation of the 22 GRI 11 topics following the general advice and approach as 
outlined in the European Financial Reporting Advisory Group (EFRAG) guidance (https://www.efrag.org).
This approach requires careful consideration of our stakeholders and the environments in which we work. For each of the 
topics, we have first considered the external impacts, risks and opportunities, and then assessed the financial opportunities 
and risks to our company.
As a non-operator for the assets in which we are involved, the control over these impacts, risks and opportunities can be 
somewhat limited, however we are focused on working with all of our partners to deliver the best outcomes possible for 
all involved.
1	
GHG emissions
2	
Climate adaptation, resilience, and transition
3	
Air emissions
4	
Biodiversity
5	
Waste
6	
Water and effluents
7	
Closure and rehabilitation
8	
Asset integrity and critical incident management
9	
Occupational health and safety
10	 Employment practices
11	 Non-discrimination and equal opportunity
12	 Forced labour and modern slavery
13	 Freedom of association and collective bargaining
14	 Economic impacts
15	 Local communities
16	 Land and resource rights
17	 Rights of indigenous peoples
18	 Conflict and security
19	 Anti-competitive behaviour
20	 Anti-corruption
21	 Payments to governments
22	 Public policy
ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL  
AND GOVERNANCE (ESG)
3
4
Impact Materiality
Double Materiality
9
11
12
14
15
7
19
20
21
22
5
10
13
16
17
18
Not Material
Financial Materiality
1
2
6
8
26
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024
UNION JACK OIL PLC    

BUSINESS & STRATEGY
KEY FOCUS AREAS
As a result of our double materiality assessment and the 
areas for which we have most control as a non-operator  
of the assets, we have identified four key areas of focus  
for the ESG and broader sustainability focused work  
we take forward. These have been chosen as topics  
where we believe we have the greatest capacity to  
make improvements or to reduce/mitigate potential 
negative impacts.
•	
GHG emission reduction
•	
Biodiversity and nature
•	
Climate Adaption, Resilience and Transition
•	
Local Communities and Economic Impacts 
Combining our material topics with our focus areas, we 
have selected five United Nations Sustainable Development 
Goals to associate our efforts with. These cover the three 
pillars of environment, social and governance and we will 
further develop our awareness, data gathering and progress 
towards these over time and as our company grows.
ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND GOVERNANCE (ESG)
UN SDG 
definition
“Promote sustained, 
inclusive and 
sustainable 
economic growth, 
full and productive 
employment and 
decent work for all”
“Build resilient 
infrastructure, 
promote inclusive 
and sustainable 
industrialization and 
foster innovation”
“Ensure sustainable 
consumption and 
production patterns”
“Protect, restore and 
promote sustainable 
use of terrestrial 
ecosystems, 
sustainably manage 
forests, combat 
desertification, and 
halt and reverse 
land degradation 
and halt biodiversity 
loss”
“Promote peaceful 
and inclusive 
societies for 
sustainable 
development, 
provide access to 
justice for all and 
build effective, 
accountable and 
inclusive institutions 
at all levels“
Our 
ambition
Ensure we provide a 
safe, equitable and 
rewarding place of 
work, which benefits 
the communities 
with whom we 
interact
Utilise new 
technologies and 
approaches to 
energy production 
and foster new ideas 
within our company
Encourage our 
operating partners 
to reduce emissions 
and other waste 
sources as much as 
possible across our 
joint assets
Encourage our 
operating partners 
to understand 
and respect 
the interactions 
with nature and 
biodiversity across 
our joint assets
Ensure our 
operating policies 
and procedures 
enable fair working 
approaches both 
internally and 
with all of our 
stakeholders
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
27
www.unionjackoil.com

28
UNION JACK OIL PLC    ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024
PEDL146
PEDL183
NORTH SEA
PEDL241
PEDL180
PEDL173
PL162
PL161
PEDL 169
PEDL043
PEDL161
PEDL200
PEDL202
BOTHAMSALL
FARLEYS WOOD
EAKRING
REMPSTONE
WELTON
STAINTON
SCAMPTON NORTH
SOUTH LEVERTON
SCAMPTON
BECKERING
COLD HANWORTH
EAST 
GLENTWORTH
HATFIELD
HATFIELD
TRUMFLEET
WEST FIRSBY
NETTLEHAM
WHISBY
EGMANTON
CORRINGHAM
SALTFLEETBY
BECKINGHAM
NEWTON-ON-TRENT
KIRKLINGTON
PEDL012
PEDL006
ML007
PEDL090
PEDL208
PEDL204
PEDL255
PEDL254
PEDL201
PL220
PL220
ML003
PEDL140
PEDL209
PEDL182
ML004
ML004ML004
PEDL
210
PEDL
210
PEDL210
PL179
EXL294
PEDL253
PEDL005
PEDL005
PEDL005
PEDL006
PEDL007
PEDL130
PEDL043
PL162
EXL288
EXL288
PEDL
118
PEDL
203
WEST NEWTON A-1
PEDL183
West Newton
PEDL182
Broughton 
North
PEDL180 
PEDL182
Wressle  
Oilfield
PEDL253
Biscathorpe
PEDL005(R)
Keddington 
Oilfield
PEDL005(R)
North 
Somercotes 
Prospect
EXL294
Fiskerton Oilfield
PEDL241
North Kelsey
PEDL209
Laughton
PEDL005(R)
Louth  
Prospect
10km
 Gas Field
 Oil Field/Discovery
 Prospect
UNION JACK’S CURRENT  
LICENCE INTERESTS

BUSINESS & STRATEGY
29
www.unionjackoil.com
Andrews Field
45%
Taylor 1-16
45%
Moccasin 1-13
45%
Diana 1
75%
Rogers Secondary 
Recovery Project 
45%
Royalties
1
PEDL180 
PEDL182
Wressle 
Development 
Broughton North
40%
2
PEDL183
West Newton
16.665%
3
PEDL253
Biscathorpe
45%
4
PEDL005(R)
Keddington 
Oilfield 
Louth 
North Somercotes
55%
5
EXL294
Fiskerton Oilfield
20%
6
PEDL241
North Kelsey
50%
7
PEDL209
Laughton
10%
United Kingdom 
Licence Interests
United States of 
America Licence and 
royalty INTERESTS

30
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024
UNION JACK OIL PLC    
DIRECTORS’ REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
The directors present their report together with the 
Financial Statements for the year ended 31 December 2024.
The directors have chosen, in accordance with section 
414C(11) of the Companies Act 2006, to set out in the 
Company’s Strategic Report information required by 
Schedule 7 to the Accounting Regulations to be contained 
in the Directors’ Report. This information includes future 
developments of the Company and the risks associated 
with the use of financial instruments.
DIRECTORS 
The directors in office during the year, and their interests  
in the shares of the Company as at 1 January 2024 and  
31 December 2024, were as shown in the table below:
	
ORDINARY SHARES
	
31 December 	
1 January	
	
2024	
2024
D Bramhill	
416,646	
416,646
J O’Farrell	
2,031,314	
2,031,314
G Bull	
20,000	
20,000
C Howie 	
–	
–
R Godson	
*392,058	
392,058
* R Godson holding as at 27 June 2024.
Directors who served during the year are as follows: 
David Bramhill (Executive Chairman)
Joseph O’Farrell (Executive Director)
Raymond Godson (Non-executive Director)
Graham Bull (Non-executive Director)
Craig Howie (Non-executive Director)
Raymond Godson retired from the Board of Directors  
at the 2023 AGM on 27 June 2024. 
Craig Howie was appointed as an independent Non-
executive Director on 22 April 2024 and a resolution  
for his re-election was passed at the 2023 AGM held  
on 27 June 2024. 
 
DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION
The remuneration of the directors in office at the year end  
31 December 2024 was as follows:
	
SALARIES AND FEES
	
2024	
2023
	
£	
£
D Bramhill	
325,000	
398,333
J O’Farrell	
150,000	
177,500
G Bull	
50,000	
57,500
C Howie	
37,500	
–
R Godson*	
25,000	
47,500
 
* Retired 27 June 2024
	
OPTIONS
	
2024	
2023
D Bramhill	
1,200,000	
1,200,000
J O’Farrell	
700,000	
700,000
G Bull	
550,000	
550,000
C Howie	
–	
–
R Godson*	
–	
150,000
*R Godson retired and still retains his options as a good 
leaver.
Directors’ remuneration is disclosed in note 3 to the 
Financial Statements.
No options were granted to directors or officers during 
2024.
Further information in respect of options can be found  
in note 13(B) to the Financial Statements. 
Copies of the Service Agreements in respect of David 
Bramhill and Joseph O’Farrell are available for inspection  
at the Company’s Registered Office. Copies of the  
Letters of Appointment in respect of Graham Bull  
and Craig Howie are available for inspection at the 
Company’s Registered Office.
DIVIDEND
The Board declared a dividend of 0.25 pence per ordinary 
share which was paid in July 2024.

GOVERNANCE
31
www.unionjackoil.com
PURCHASE OF OWN SHARES
Under section 724 of the Companies Act 2006, a company 
may purchase its own shares to be held in treasury 
(“Treasury Shares”). The existing authority given to the 
Company at the last AGM to purchase Treasury Shares 
of up to 10% of its issued share capital will expire at the 
conclusion of the next AGM. The Board considers it would 
be appropriate to renew this authority and intends to 
seek shareholder approval to purchase Ordinary Shares 
of up to 10% of its issued share capital at the forthcoming 
AGM in line with current investor sentiment. Details of the 
resolution renewing the authority is included in the Notice 
of Annual General Meeting on page 83, within this Report. 
At 31 December 2024, the Company held 6,300,000 
Treasury Shares with a total nominal value of £315,000  
and representing 5.58% of its issued share capital. 
DIRECTORS’ RESPONSIBILITY STATEMENT  
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
The directors are responsible for preparing the Annual 
Report and Financial Statements in accordance with 
applicable law and regulations.
Company law requires the directors to prepare Financial 
Statements for each financial year. Under that law the 
directors have elected to prepare the Company’s Financial 
Statements in accordance with UK adopted international 
accounting standards (IFRSs). Under company law the 
directors must not approve the Financial Statements unless 
they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the 
state of affairs of the Company and of the profit or loss 
of the Company for that period. The directors are also 
required to prepare financial statements in accordance  
with the rules of the London Stock Exchange for companies 
trading securities on the Alternative Investment Market. 
In preparing these Financial Statements the directors  
are required to:
•	
Select suitable accounting policies and then apply  
them consistently
•	
Make judgements and accounting estimates that are 
reasonable and prudent
•	
State whether they have been prepared in accordance 
with UK adopted international accounting standards, 
subject to any material departures disclosed and 
explained in the Financial Statements
•	
Prepare the Financial Statements on a going concern 
basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the 
Company will continue in business
The directors are responsible for keeping adequate 
accounting records that are sufficient to show and 
explain the Company’s transactions and disclose with 
reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of 
the Company and enable them to ensure that the Financial 
Statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They 
are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the 
Company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the 
prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.
The directors are responsible for ensuring the Annual 
Report and Financial Statements are made available 
on a website. Financial statements are published on 
the Company’s website in accordance with legislation 
in the United Kingdom governing the preparation and 
dissemination of financial statements, which may vary  
from legislation in other jurisdictions. The maintenance  
and integrity of the Company’s website is the responsibility 
of the directors. The directors’ responsibility also extends 
to the ongoing integrity of the Financial Statements 
contained therein.
ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING
The Annual General Meeting of the Company will be held 
on 27 June 2025, in accordance with the Notice of Annual 
General Meeting on page 83. Details of the resolutions to 
be passed are included in the notice.
DIRECTORS’ REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

32
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024
UNION JACK OIL PLC    
DIRECTORS’ REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
EVENTS AFTER THE BALANCE SHEET DATE
The following events have taken place after the year end:
During January 2025, the Moccasin 1-13 well (Moccasin), 
located in Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma, USA was 
spudded and drilled to a Total Depth of 5,690 feet.
Moccasin penetrated the primary objective, the 1st Wilcox 
and two other secondary zones, the Bartlesville and Red 
Fork Sands.
Subsequently the 1st Wilcox was perforated and the 
formation flowed at an open hole rate equating to  
621 barrels of oil per day.
Moccasin is now in test production under a restricted 
choke.
The Bartlesville and Red Fork sands await completion.
CAPITAL STRUCTURE
Details of the issued share capital, together with details  
of the movements in the Company’s issued share capital 
during the year, are shown in note 13(A) to the Financial 
Statements. 
DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION  
TO THE AUDITOR
The directors at the date of the approval of this Annual 
Report confirm that:
•	
So far as the directors are aware, there is no relevant  
audit information of which the Company’s auditor  
is unaware
•	
The directors have taken all the steps that they ought  
to have taken as directors in order to make themselves 
aware of any relevant audit information and to establish 
that the Company’s auditor is aware of that information
This confirmation is given and should be interpreted  
in accordance with the provisions of section 418 of  
the Companies Act 2006.
AUDITOR
A resolution to reappoint Crowe U.K. LLP will be proposed 
at the forthcoming Annual General Meeting. 
COMPANY NAME AND REGISTERED NUMBER
The registered number of Union Jack Oil plc is 07497220.
On behalf of the Board
David Bramhill 
Executive Chairman
16 May 2025

GOVERNANCE
33
www.unionjackoil.com
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT
The Company’s securities are traded on the AIM market 
of the London Stock Exchange and the OTCQB Venture 
Market in the USA. 
The London Stock Exchange requires all AIM listed 
companies to adopt and comply with a recognised 
corporate governance code.
The Corporate Governance Report has been prepared 
by David Bramhill, the Executive Chairman of the 
Company, and has been approved by the Company’s 
board of directors (the “Board”) in accordance with the 
recommendations of the 2018 Quoted Companies Alliance 
Corporate Governance Code (the “Code”), as that is the 
edition of the Code that Union Jack has to comply with  
in respect of 2024.
This statement explains how the 10 principles of the Code 
are applied by the Company and where the Company 
departs from the Code, an explanation of the reasons  
for doing so is provided.
The Company holds interests in a number of onshore UK 
hydrocarbon licences which are managed and operated 
by one of two Joint Operating Agreement Partners (“JOA 
Partners”), being Egdon Resources U.K. and Rathlin Energy 
(UK) Limited. Onsite operational matters in the UK are 
managed by the relevant site operator, which will be either 
one of the two JOA Partners (“the Operators”). In the 
USA, the Company also has a number of Joint Venture 
agreements with Reach Oil & Gas Company Inc in respect 
of numerous drilling projects.
QCA Code principle and 
summary explanation
Application by the Company
Principle 1
Establish a strategy and 
business model which 
promotes long-term 
value for shareholders.
The Board must be able to 
express a shared view of the 
Company’s purpose, business 
model and strategy.
It should go beyond the simple 
description of products and 
corporate structures and set 
out how the Company intends 
to deliver shareholder value in 
the medium to long-term.
It should demonstrate that the 
delivery of long-term growth is 
underpinned by a clear set of 
values aimed at protecting the 
Company from unnecessary 
risk and securing its long-term 
future.
The primary objective of the Company is to build a safe, sustainable and successful 
conventional onshore hydrocarbon exploration, development and production 
business, which the Board seeks to deliver through the acquisition of, and subsequent 
investment in, carefully selected licence interests. In the UK, the company undertakes 
this in conjunction with the JOA Partners. In the USA, the Company has a number of 
Joint Venture agreements with Reach Oil & Gas Company Inc in respect of numerous 
drilling projects.
The Company’s strategy is the appraisal and exploitation of the assets currently 
owned. Simultaneous with this process, the Board expects to continue to use its 
expertise and cash resources to acquire further or expand licence interests and 
production in the UK and the USA.
The Board is optimistic about the prospect of delivering shareholder value in  
the medium to long-term via the acquisition and increased interest in various  
high impact licence areas with proven reserves, contingent resources and drill-ready 
prospects.
The Board is acutely aware of the risks associated with hydrocarbon exploration, 
development and production and seeks to mitigate the risk of exploration by having 
interests in a portfolio of petroleum licences, and so not being overly exposed to  
any single asset.
The Company’s strategy is underpinned by a well-balanced and diverse onshore 
UK and USA asset portfolio, ensuring the relevant components of production, 
development, appraisal and discovery are all in place, as is adequate and prudently 
sourced funding for the Company’s commitments going forward.
The key challenges in the execution of the Company’s business model and strategy 
are referred to within the Strategic Report.
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

34
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024
UNION JACK OIL PLC    
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
QCA Code principle and 
summary explanation
Application by the Company
Principle 2
Seek to understand and 
meet shareholder needs 
and expectations.
Directors must develop a 
good understanding of the 
needs and expectations of all 
elements of the Company’s 
shareholder base.
The Board must manage 
shareholder expectations and 
should seek to understand 
the motivations behind 
shareholder voting decisions.
Since the Company’s incorporation in January 2011, members of the Board have 
been very active in encouraging and participating in direct dialogue with shareholders 
in order to ensure the Company’s shareholders are kept regularly updated and are 
able to discuss strategy and performance directly with the Board (subject always 
to compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, including the UK version of 
the Market Abuse Regulation (“MAR”)). This also allows the Board to obtain a clear 
understanding of shareholders’ motivations and concerns.
Direct communication with shareholders is achieved primarily through the  
timely release of regulatory news, via a regulatory information service, which  
can be accessed through various channels, including the London Stock Exchange 
website www.londonstockexchange.com and the Company’s website  
www.unionjackoil.com.
All shareholders are encouraged to attend the Company’s Annual General Meeting, 
where the directors are available to answer questions. Investors also have access to 
current information on the Company through its website and via genuine enquiries 
sent to: info@unionjackoil.com.
Investor communications are managed by the Executive Chairman, in conjunction 
with the Company’s Nominated Adviser and other Investor Relations entities. 
Due to investor speculation around junior hydrocarbon companies, the Board 
recognises the particular importance of regular, clear and timely communications 
with shareholders, to ensure that they are kept abreast without delay of major 
developments and potential risks in respect of the Company and the industry.
Management believes that shareholders are seeking a return on their investment 
primarily through capital appreciation as a result of exploration and appraisal success. 
Management prudently manages the Company to ensure that work programmes are 
fully funded and uses the Board’s technical expertise to reduce or mitigate the risk  
of exploration. 

GOVERNANCE
35
www.unionjackoil.com
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
QCA Code principle and 
summary explanation
Application by the Company
Principle 3
Take into account wider 
stakeholder and social 
responsibilities and their 
implications for long-
term success. 
Long-term success relies upon 
good relations with a range of 
different stakeholder groups 
both internal (workforce) and 
external (suppliers, customers, 
regulators and others). The 
Board needs to identify the 
Company’s stakeholders 
and understand their needs, 
interests and expectations. 
Where matters relate to the 
Company’s impact on society, 
the communities within which 
it operates or the environment 
have the potential to affect 
the Company’s ability to 
deliver shareholder value over 
the medium to long-term, 
then those matters must be 
integrated into the Company’s 
strategy and business model.
Feedback is an essential part 
of all control mechanisms. 
Systems need to be in  
place to solicit, consider  
and act on feedback from  
all stakeholder groups.
The Board is keenly aware of the local environment and the inhabitants in which the 
Company’s licence interests are situated. While the Company does not manage these 
relationships directly on a day-to-day basis, the Board works with the JOA Partners 
to ensure that any queries or concerns any community members may have are  
swiftly addressed and, at the same time, all community members are treated with  
the respect and attention they deserve.
The JOA Partners act, via the Operators, to the highest standards and operate in  
a safe and conscientious manner in respect of site safety and environmental policies. 
Site operations in the UK are subject to scrutiny by the North Sea Transition 
Authority, the Environment Agency and the Health and Safety Executive before 
commencement. The relevant site Operator adheres diligently to all requirements 
for a safe working environment. All site personnel are subject to all Health and 
Safety measures which include induction courses before admission to site and the 
mandatory wearing of safety equipment in order to ensure the wellbeing of site staff 
and visitors. 
As set out above, due to the specific nature of the Company’s business, the Company 
currently relies on its three key JOA Partners, Egdon Resources U.K. Limited, Rathlin 
Energy (UK) Limited and Reach Oil & Gas Company Inc, who manage and operate 
the Company’s licence interests on its behalf, in the UK and the USA respectively.
The Company takes very seriously its relationship with its JOA Partners and its 
third party professional advisers (both of whom it sees as key stakeholders) and the 
Board continues to discuss in an open, direct and constructive manner any issues and 
queries which the Company’s JOA Partners may have.
The Company also acknowledges the importance of maintaining good relations with 
its suppliers and creditors and it adheres to a strict policy of settling all invoices in a 
timely manner.

36
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024
UNION JACK OIL PLC    
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
QCA Code principle and 
summary explanation
Application by the Company
Principle 4
Embed effective risk 
management, considering 
both opportunities and 
threats, throughout the 
organisation.
The Board needs to ensure 
that the Company’s risk 
management framework 
identifies and addresses all 
relevant risks in order to 
execute and deliver strategy; 
companies need to consider 
their extended business, 
including their supply chain, 
from key suppliers to end-
customers. 
Setting strategy includes 
determining the extent of 
exposure to the identified 
risks that the Company is able 
to bear and willing to take (risk 
tolerance and risk appetite).
The management of the business and the execution of the Company’s strategy are 
subject to a number of risks. The Board ensures risks are mitigated as far as reasonably 
practicable by performing a detailed review of the issues pertaining to each significant 
decision. Significant decisions are reviewed by the Board having consulted the 
Company’s professional third party advisers (e.g. legal, financial or technical). The Board 
formally convenes on a regular basis, either by telephone or in person, to discuss risk 
management as explained in Principle 5.
As with the majority of companies within the energy sector, the business of oil and 
gas exploration and development includes varying degrees of risk. These risks include 
operating reliance on third parties, the ability to monetise discoveries, the price of 
products and the costs of exploration and/or production. 
The principal risks to the Company as well as the mitigation actions by the Board  
are set out below:
Strategic risk: a weak or poorly executed acquisition and development process 
fails to create shareholder value. This risk is mitigated through performing a detailed 
technical review, both internally by management and externally by advisers, for each 
investment which includes valuation exercises on the potential return on capital invested.
Operational risk: operational events can have an adverse effect. The main risk is 
the potential failure to obtain planning permission in respect of the Company’s licence 
interests. This risk is mitigated by the appointment of specialist professional entities who 
work together to compile planning applications designed to achieve a positive result. 
Onsite operational risks are managed by the relevant site operators, Egdon Resources 
U.K. Limited, Rathlin Energy (UK) Limited and Reach Oil & Gas Company Inc, who have, 
to date, safety records of the highest standard.
External Risk: lack of growth caused by political, industry or market factors. The 
Company operates within the UK and USA. Whilst the Board considers that both 
countries’ onshore hydrocarbon arenas offer political security, the USA also provides 
excellent value under a regime with a very clearly spelt out protocol, giving the 
opportunity to develop assets unhindered. 
Financial Risk: the lack of ability to meet financial obligations. The Company has 
historically raised its funds through equity capital markets by share issues and has 
not been involved in derivative instruments and debt financing to meet its financial 
obligations.
Product Price Risk: due to the nature of the periodic fluctuation of oil prices, any 
such adverse fluctuation could potentially have an impact on the Company’s resulting 
return to its shareholders.
The Company holds Directors’ and Officers’ Liability Insurance cover and the Company 
is covered by the relevant operator’s insurance policies during drilling and other 
operational situations for specific projects both in the UK and in the USA.

GOVERNANCE
37
www.unionjackoil.com
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
QCA Code principle and 
summary explanation
Application by the Company
Principle 5
Maintain the Board 
as a well-functioning, 
balanced team led by the 
Chairman.
The Board members have a 
collective responsibility and 
legal obligation to promote the 
interests of the Company, and 
are collectively responsible for 
defining corporate governance 
arrangements. Ultimate 
responsibility for the quality 
of, and approach to, corporate 
governance lies with the chair  
of the Board.
The Board (and any 
committees) should be 
provided with high quality 
information in a timely manner 
to facilitate proper assessment 
of the matters requiring a 
decision or insight.
The Board should have an 
appropriate balance between 
executive and non-executive 
directors and should have 
at least two independent 
non-executive directors. 
Independence is a Board 
judgement.
The Board should be 
supported by committees 
(e.g. audit, remuneration, 
nomination) that have the 
necessary skills and knowledge 
to discharge their duties and 
responsibilities effectively.
Directors must commit  
the time necessary to fulfil 
their roles.
The Board consists of two executive directors, David Bramhill and Joseph O’Farrell, 
and two non-executive directors, Graham Bull and Craig Howie, who are responsible 
for the management of the Company. Craig joined the Board on 22 April 2024.
Both non-executive directors are considered by the Board to be independent. 
Although Graham Bull holds ordinary shares and options in the Company, these  
are considered by the Board not to affect his independence and judgement.
No members of the Board have other commitments that would prevent them from 
spending as much time as required to ensure the aims and best interests of the 
Company are met. Any changes to directors’ commitments and interests will be 
reported to and where appropriate, agreed with the rest of the Board.
The Board meets regularly in person and by telephone throughout the year. The 
Board also holds frequent informal project appraisal and strategy discussions, and 
meets every quarter, to review trading performance, budgets, ensure adequate 
funding, set and monitor strategy, examine acquisition opportunities and assess risks 
on an ongoing basis in respect of operational projects. 
The directors encourage a collaborative Board culture to ensure that each decision 
reached is always in the Company’s and its shareholders’ best interests and that no 
one individual opinion ever dominates the decision making process. The Board seeks, 
so far as possible, to achieve decisions by consensus and all directors are encouraged 
to use their independent judgement and to challenge all matters whether strategic  
or operational. To date all decisions have been unanimous. 
During 2024, ten Board meetings, one Audit and one Remuneration Committee 
meetings were held, either by telephone or in person. 
Board Member
Board Meetings 
Attended
(10 held in the 
period)
Audit 
Committee
(1 held in the 
period)
Remuneration 
Committee
(1 held in the 
period)
D Bramhill
10
–
–
J O’Farrell
10
–
–
G Bull
8
1
1
C Howie
5
1
–
R Godson*
8
1
1
* Ray Godson retired from the Board of Directors at the Annual General Meeting 
held on 27 June 2024.
There are no mandatory hours for directors to be available for Company business. 
The executive directors and non-executive directors are available for any Company 
business when it may arise.
The Board delegates certain decisions to an Audit Committee and a Remuneration 
Committee. The Audit Committee has joint responsibility for reviewing the year end 
accounts with the Auditor. The Remuneration Committee reviews the remuneration 
of the executive directors on an annual basis. Both committees are dedicated to 
establish and maintain robust internal financial control systems for the Company.

38
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024
UNION JACK OIL PLC    
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
QCA Code principle and 
summary explanation
Application by the Company
Principle 6
Ensure that between 
them the directors have 
the necessary up-to-date 
experience, skills and 
capabilities.
The Board must have an 
appropriate balance of sector, 
financial and public markets 
skills and experience, as well 
as an appropriate balance 
of personal qualities and 
capabilities. The Board should 
understand and challenge 
its own diversity, including 
gender balance, as part of its 
composition.
The Board should not be 
dominated by one person 
or a group of people. Strong 
personal bonds can be 
important but can also  
divide a Board.
As companies evolve, the 
mix of skills and experience 
required on the Board 
will change, and Board 
composition will need to 
evolve to reflect this change.
Succession planning has been 
considered at Board level and 
a strategy agreed upon.
The directors are committed 
to promoting diversity and 
equal opportunities and 
consider the Company to  
be a supportive employer.
The current Board composition of the Company and each director’s experience 
is set out in this report. The Board’s view is that the directors have a variety of 
complementary experiences and skillsets, including experience of industry-specific 
technical, financial and public capital markets sectors. The Company believes that 
the current Board of Directors collectively hold the relevant experience, skills and 
personal qualities and capabilities to deliver the strategy of the Company for the 
benefit of the shareholders over the medium to long-term. An overview  
of the directors are as follows:
The majority of the directors have experience of working in the USA and an 
understanding of the assets and their control.
David Bramhill, Executive Chairman, 74
Mr Bramhill has over 40 years’ experience in the natural resources industry.  
Mr Bramhill has directed and managed several energy companies and was the former 
managing director of OilQuest Resources plc, subsequently acquired by EnCore Oil 
plc. Mr Bramhill was an executive director at the time of Nighthawk Energy plc’s 
AIM flotation in March 2007 and a non-executive Chairman of Wessex Exploration 
plc when that company floated on AIM in March 2011. He resigned from these 
companies in 2010 and 2012 respectively.
Mr Bramhill had previously consulted in an engineering capacity for over 20 years 
on projects for Shell, ExxonMobil, Petrofina, BP and numerous other international 
energy companies.
Joseph O’Farrell, Executive Director, 73
Mr O’Farrell has over 30 years’ corporate experience in the hydrocarbon and mining 
industry. He has managed several energy companies and is a former director of 
OilQuest Resources plc and Nighthawk Energy plc, having been a director of these 
two companies at the time of their respective flotations on AIM. He has assisted a 
number of companies working in conjunction with corporate advisers in pre-IPO 
fundraising and project acquisition.
Graham Bull, Non-Executive Director, 79
Mr Bull is a geologist with over 50 years’ of international oil and gas industry 
exploration experience. Following graduation from the University of Leicester  
in 1968 with a BSc Hons Geology, he worked in Canada and held positions with 
Chevron, Dome Petroleum, Siebens Oil and Gas and Poco Petroleum and also 
provided exploration expertise to a Canadian drilling fund. He returned to the UK in 
1982, taking the position as Chief Geologist to Sovereign Oil and Gas plc. In addition,  
Mr Bull has operated as a geological adviser for OilQuest Resources plc (subsequently 
acquired by EnCore plc), Premier Oil plc, Cirque Energy and DSM Energy. 
Mr Bull is a member of the Petroleum Exploration Society of Great Britain, the 
American Association of Petroleum Geologists and a Fellow of the Geological Society 
of London.
Mr Bull is the Chairman of the Remuneration Committee and a member of the Audit 
Committee.

GOVERNANCE
39
www.unionjackoil.com
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
QCA Code principle and 
summary explanation
Application by the Company
Principle 6 (continued)
Craig Howie, Non-Executive Director, 49
Mr Howie is an Extel-ranked financial oil and gas analyst with wide-ranging 
financial markets experience and skills. Mr Howie holds several securities industry 
qualifications and is a Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE) member. Mr Howie has 
held roles with Murray Johnstone Limited, Williams de Broe Plc, KPMG Corporate 
Finance and Blue Oar Securities. For the past 10 years, Mr Howie had responsibility 
for E&P sector research at Shore Capital, regularly producing detailed financial models 
on production-led companies. In addition, Mr Howie’s proactive engagement with 
corporate and institutional clients have assisted in building the business development 
skills required to establish the ongoing growth of several companies.
The directors are mindful of the need to ensure the Company has in place a diverse 
Board that encompasses the right skills required to ensure the Company’s continued 
success, including creating an atmosphere of constructive challenge and consensus for 
any decision reached. As such, and given the current size of the Company, the Board 
is of the opinion its composition and skillset is sufficient to maintain and drive the 
long-term success for the Company’s shareholders. 
Each director takes his continued professional and technical development seriously, 
so in order to ensure the Board keeps abreast of the current challenges faced by 
the industry the Company operates in, the directors attend both trade shows and 
technical sessions during the course of any given year.
The Board ensures it is well advised and supported by utilising a range of external 
experts in various fields, and employs accountants, legal counsel, a Company 
Secretary and a Nominated Adviser, in accordance with the AIM rules. On the 
industry specific front, it also employs three technical consultancies:  
JL Geophysics Ltd, Calderdale Geoscience Limited and Oil & Gas Advisers Limited.
JL Geophysics Ltd and Calderdale Geoscience Limited are responsible for supplying 
technical advice on specific projects. Both companies work closely with non-executive 
director Graham Bull and are responsible, on a permanent basis, for updating  
and reviewing independently all technical information provided to the Company  
on its key projects.
Oil & Gas Advisors Limited provides a financial overview in respect of due diligence  
on potential project acquisitions and ongoing economics of our project interests.
Matthew Small is Company Secretary and, via Berkeley Hall Marshall Limited, 
represents the Company as de facto Financial Controller, working closely with  
the Executive Chairman and the Audit and Remuneration Committees.

40
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024
UNION JACK OIL PLC    
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
QCA Code principle and 
summary explanation
Application by the Company
Principle 7
Evaluate Board 
performance based 
on clear and relevant 
objectives, seeking 
continuous improvement.
The Board should regularly 
review the effectiveness of its 
performance as a unit, as well  
as that of its committees and  
the individual directors. 
The Board performance 
review may be carried out 
internally or, ideally, externally 
facilitated from time to time. 
The review should identify 
development or mentoring 
needs of individual directors  
or the wider senior 
management team. 
It is healthy for membership 
of the Board to be periodically 
refreshed. Succession planning 
is a vital task for the Board. 
No member of the Board 
should become indispensable. 
While the Board is very much aware of the needs of the Company in ensuring 
effectiveness of Board performance and the periodic refreshment of the composition 
of the Board, the Board believes that due to the Company’s current size and its 
current corporate culture of constructive challenge and consensus on each decision 
reached, the procedures already in place are sufficient for monitoring Board 
performance and no external performance reviews are required at this time.  
This will be kept under review. 
The Board is also of the opinion that the Company has appropriate measures in place 
to ensure any refreshment of the Board occurs in a timely manner, and always with 
the best interests of the shareholders in mind.
The Company has adopted and discussed succession planning and the processes  
by which it approaches board and other senior management appointments.

GOVERNANCE
41
www.unionjackoil.com
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
QCA Code principle and 
summary explanation
Application by the Company
Principle 8
Promote a corporate 
culture that is based 
on ethical values and 
behaviours.
The Board should embody and 
promote a corporate culture 
that is based on sound ethical 
values and behaviours and use 
it as an asset and a source of 
competitive advantage.
The policy set by the Board 
should be visible in the actions 
and decisions of the chief 
executive and the rest of the 
management team. Corporate 
values should guide the 
objectives and strategy of  
the Company.
The culture should be  
visible in every aspect of the 
business, including recruitment, 
nominations, training and 
engagement. The performance 
and reward system should 
endorse the desired ethical 
behaviours across all levels  
of the Company.
The corporate culture should 
be recognisable throughout 
the disclosures in the Annual 
Report, website and any  
other statements issued by  
the Company.
The directors recognise that their decisions regarding strategy and risk will impact 
the corporate culture of the Company as a whole and that this will impact the 
performance of the Company. The Board seeks to embody and promote a corporate 
culture that is based on sound ethical values as it believes the tone and culture set by 
the Board impacts all aspects of the Company, including the way that employees and 
other stakeholders behave.
The Company has adopted a share dealing code which is appropriate for a company 
whose securities are traded on AIM and is in accordance with the requirements  
of MAR.
The Board believes that, as evidenced through the disclosures made throughout  
this statement, its corporate governance regime and culture are at the core  
of its operations and are appropriate given the current size of the Company.
Furthermore, through its interaction with its stakeholders and in the communities 
in which it operates (described above), it maintains a collaborative and constructive 
dialogue that embodies a dynamic, accessible, open door and vibrant corporate 
culture.
The Company’s corporate culture is monitored and assessed regularly, taking on 
board immediately any changes made by AIM Rule 26 and where advisers may 
advise. All financial transactions are reviewed independently by Berkeley Hall Marshall 
Limited. An anti-bribery policy is in place.
The Board ensures the Company has the means to determine that ethical values  
and behaviours are recognised and respected. 

42
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024
UNION JACK OIL PLC    
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
QCA Code principle and 
summary explanation
Application by the Company
Principle 9
Maintain governance 
structures and processes 
that are fit for purpose 
and support good 
decision-making by  
the Board.
The Company should maintain 
governance structures 
and processes in line with 
its corporate culture and 
appropriate to its:
•	
Size and complexity
•	
Capacity, appetite and 
tolerance for risk
The governance structures 
should evolve over time in 
parallel with its objectives, 
strategy and business model  
to reflect the development  
of the Company.
As disclosed throughout this statement, the Company maintains and employs robust 
corporate governance practices to support an effective and collaborative Board, always 
working in the best interests of its shareholders.
The roles of the individual Board members are as follows:
•	 The Executive Chairman, David Bramhill, is responsible for running the 
business of the Board, ensuring strategic focus and direction and for managing 
investor communications
•	 The Executive Director, Joseph O’Farrell, is responsible for assisting the 
Executive Chairman to execute the Board’s strategy and coordinating corporate 
finance activities
•	 The Non-Executive Director, Graham Bull, is a petroleum geologist and is 
responsible for identifying and evaluating potential projects and to provide technical 
oversight of the Company’s existing projects. Mr Bull chairs the Remuneration 
Committee
•	 The Non-Executive Director, Craig Howie is an experienced financial 
profiler. Mr Howie chairs the Audit Committee and becomes a member of the 
Remuneration Committee.
Two Board committees are in place to ensure control over the Company’s financial 
reporting processes and directors’ remuneration. Details of the two Board 
committees are as follows:
The Audit Committee
The Audit Committee comprises Craig Howie, who acts as its Chairman, and Graham 
Bull. The Audit Committee is responsible for considering a wide range of financial 
matters which include the reviewing of Half Yearly and Annual Reports, discussions 
with the Auditor, share placing agreements and the oversight of internal controls  
and new accounting standards relevant to the Company.
This Committee also provides a forum for reporting by the Company’s auditor.  
The executive directors may attend meetings by invitation.
The Remuneration Committee
The Remuneration Committee comprises Graham Bull, who acts as its Chairman,  
and Craig Howie.
The remuneration of non-executive directors is determined by the executive directors.
The current executive director remuneration package comprises basic salary and share 
options. Directors’ remuneration for the year is noted in the Directors’ Report in the 
Company’s Annual Report.
Due to the size of the Company, it is not considered necessary to have a separate 
Nominations Committee at this time. Instead this role is fulfilled by the Board  
as a whole. The Board also reserves to itself the process by which a new director  
is appointed.
Each committee has access to such resources, information and advice as it deems 
necessary, at the cost of the Company, to enable the committee to discharge  
its duties.
The Board intends that the Company’s governance structures will evolve over time  
in parallel with its objectives, strategy and business model to reflect the development  
of the Company.
The Board will meet at least four times in the coming year to review trading 
performance and budgets, ensure adequate funding, set and monitor strategy,  
examine acquisition opportunities and report to shareholders. The Board has  
a formal schedule of matters specifically reserved to it for decisions.

GOVERNANCE
43
www.unionjackoil.com
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
QCA Code principle and 
summary explanation
Application by the Company
Principle 10
Communicate how the 
Company is governed  
and is performing by 
maintaining a dialogue 
with shareholders 
and other relevant 
stakeholders.
A healthy dialogue should exist 
between the Board and all 
of its stakeholders, including 
shareholders, to enable all 
interested parties to come to 
informed decisions about the 
Company.
In particular, appropriate 
communication and reporting 
structures should exist 
between the Board and 
all constituent parts of its 
shareholder base. 
This will assist:
•	
The communication of 
shareholders’ views to  
the Board
•	
The shareholders’ 
understanding of the  
unique circumstances  
and constraints faced  
by the Company
It should be clear where these 
communication practices are 
described (Annual Report or 
website).
The Company ensures: 
•	
A printed Annual Report is delivered to each registered shareholder, and also 
made available on the Company’s website
•	
A Half Yearly Report is made available on the Company’s website
•	
All RNS announcements are released in a timely manner, while also ensuring  
all announcements are drafted in a clear and concise fashion
The Company includes historical Annual Reports, Notices of General Meetings  
and RNS announcements over the last five years on its website. The Company also 
lists contact details on its website, should shareholders wish to communicate with 
the Board.
The Company intends to include, where relevant, in its Annual Report, any matters  
of note arising from the Audit or Remuneration Committees. A Remuneration or 
Audit Committee report is not included separately within these Financial Statements. 
All relevant information has been included where required.
Shareholders are actively encouraged to both attend the Company’s Annual General 
Meeting and throughout the year to contact the Chairman to discuss any queries  
or concerns they may have. The outcome of all shareholder votes are disclosed  
in a clear and transparent manner via a RNS.
Given the size of the Company, the Board is of the opinion that no formal 
communication structures are required at this time.
The Company does however: 
•	
Ensure continued disclosure of all items in conjunction with AIM Rule 26  
on its website 
•	
Disclose the results of all shareholder votes once held, in conjunction with  
the Company’s Annual General Meeting 
•	
Keep in constant communication and dialogue with its key stakeholders and JOA 
partners through an accessible and open-door policy, with the Executive Chairman 
acting as the key conduit. For avoidance of doubt, it is important to note that 
any conversations shareholders and the Executive Chairman may have are always 
conducted in accordance of what is permissible under MAR
The Company’s communication practices are set out on its website at:  
www.unionjackoil.com/aim-rule-26/

44
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024
UNION JACK OIL PLC    
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
THE BOARD
During the year the Board of Union Jack Oil plc consisted 
of two executive directors and two non-executive 
directors (three for part of the year), as disclosed within 
the Directors, Officers and Advisers section of this report, 
who were responsible for the proper management of the 
Company. The Board met in person or by telephone, as 
permitted by the current Articles of Association, seven 
times during the year. In addition, the Board held numerous 
project appraisal and strategy discussions during the year.
REMUNERATION COMMITTEE
The Remuneration Committee comprises Graham Bull, 
who acts as its Chairman, and Craig Howie. 
The current executive director remuneration package 
comprises basic salary and share options. Directors’ 
remuneration for the year is noted in the Directors’ Report 
and shown in note 3 on pages 66 and 67.
The remuneration of non-executive directors is determined 
by the Board.
AUDIT COMMITTEE
The Audit Committee comprises Craig Howie, who acts 
as its Chairman, and Graham Bull. The Audit Committee 
is responsible for considering a wide range of financial 
matters, which include the reviewing of Half Yearly and 
Annual Reports, discussions with the Auditor, share placing 
agreements and the oversight of internal controls and new 
accounting standards relevant to the Company.
This Committee also provides a forum for reporting by  
the Company’s Auditor. The executive directors may attend 
meetings by invitation.
INTERNAL FINANCIAL CONTROL
The directors are responsible for establishing and 
maintaining the Company’s internal financial control 
systems. These are designed to meet the particular needs 
of the Company and the risks to which it is exposed, and 
by their nature can provide reasonable but not absolute 
assurance against material misstatement or loss.
The key procedures that the directors have established  
to provide effective internal financial controls are:
•	 Identification of Business Risks
	
The Board is responsible for identifying the major 
business risks faced by the Company and for 
determining the appropriate course of action  
to manage these risks
•	 Investment Appraisal
	
Capital expenditure is regulated by authorisation limits. 
For expenditure beyond the specified limits including 
investments in exploration projects, detailed proposals 
are submitted to the Board for review and sign-off
•	 Financial Reporting
	
The Company has a comprehensive system for 
reporting financial results to the Board
•	 Audit Committee
	
The Audit Committee considers and determines 
relevant action in respect of any control issues raised  
by the external auditor

GOVERNANCE
45
www.unionjackoil.com
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
CLIMATE CHANGE AND ENVIRONMENTAL 
POLICY
The Company does not operate the projects in which it  
has invested.
The Company’s policy is to work with the site Operators 
whose vision is to provide locally derived, secure and 
affordable energy to meet the UK’s evolving needs. In 
addition, and in line with the international treaty on climate 
change known as the Paris Agreement, the companies 
that we align with must be committed to attaining Net 
Zero emissions by no later than 2050. This commitment 
by the Operator’s include their share of Scope 1 (direct 
emissions), Scope 2 (purchase of indirect power) and Scope 
3 (emissions from operated and non-operated assets). 
This forms part of Union Jack’s commitment to safety, 
environmental and social responsibility within the UK.
To achieve the above, our site operators have:
•	
Established time bound targets that support the 
ambitions of the Paris Agreement
•	
Identified and pursued opportunities to minimise their 
carbon footprint and greenhouse gas emissions within 
their operations
•	
Participated with industry and academic partners to 
evaluate, identify and invest in technology and studies 
that can help mitigate or offset their emissions
•	
Communicated with internal and external stakeholders 
in a transparent manner on their climate related 
performance and their associated governance, risk 
management and target setting
•	
Considered carbon emissions as part of their decision-
making process across our asset portfolio to test the 
robustness of investments against net zero strategy
•	
Incentivised emission reduction opportunities identified 
by their staff and contractors with an emphasis on 
operational plant efficiency
The management of the Company has been assured that 
the policies highlighted above will be continually reviewed 
and updated as understanding of climate related risks, new 
technologies and associated regulations evolve.
The Company’s Joint Venture partner in the USA, Reach, 
state on their website www.reachoilgas.com that it is 
committed to a culture of excellence. 
Compliance with rules and regulations at local, state and 
federal level is a critical part of the development process  
at Reach. 
There is direct oversight for environmental compliance  
in all Reach projects. 
The Company’s Environmental, Social and Governance 
(“ESG”) policy is available to view on its website under  
the ESG section, and is included on pages 26 and 27.

46
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024
UNION JACK OIL PLC    
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT  
ON THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
TO THE MEMBERS OF UNION JACK OIL PLC
OPINION
We have audited the Financial Statements of 
Union Jack Oil plc (the “Company”) for the year 
ended 31 December 2024, which comprise:
•	
The Income Statement for the year ended  
31 December 2024
•	
The Statement of Comprehensive Income for  
the year ended 31 December 2024
•	
The Balance Sheet as at 31 December 2024
•	
The Statement of Changes in Equity for the year  
then ended
•	
The Statement of Cash Flows for the year  
then ended
•	
The Notes to the Financial Statements,  
including Principal Accounting Policies
The financial reporting framework that has been applied 
in the preparation of the Financial Statements is applicable 
law and UK-adopted international accounting standards.
In our opinion, the Financial Statements:
•	
Give a true and fair view of the Company’s affairs  
as at 31 December 2024 and of its profit for the year 
then ended
•	
Have been properly prepared in accordance with  
UK-adopted international accounting standards
•	
Have been prepared in accordance with the 
requirements of the Companies Act 2006
BASIS FOR OPINION	
We conducted our audit in accordance with International 
Standards on Auditing (UK) (“ISAs (UK)”) and applicable 
law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further 
described in the Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit 
of the Financial Statements section of our report. We 
are independent of the Company in accordance with the 
ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the 
Financial Statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical 
Standard as applied to listed entities, and we have fulfilled 
our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these 
requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have 
obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for 
our opinion.
CONCLUSIONS RELATING TO GOING 
CONCERN
In auditing the Financial Statements, we have concluded 
that the directors’ use of the going concern basis of 
accounting in the preparation of the Financial Statements is 
appropriate. Our evaluation of the directors’ assessment of 
the entity’s ability to continue to adopt the going concern 
basis of accounting included: 
•	
Reviewing directors’ assessment of the going concern 
assumption covering a period of not less than 12 
months from the date of approval of the Financial 
Statements
•	
Enquiring of directors as to their knowledge of 
events or conditions beyond the period of directors’ 
assessment that may cast significant doubts on the 
entity’s ability to continue as a going concern
•	
Reviewing the cashflow projections prepared by 
directors and making an assessment of the assumptions 
included therein taking into consideration the timing of 
costs, scope of work programmes and oil prices
•	
Performing a review of committed expenditure and 
minimum spend amounts under licence agreements  
and other contracts	
•	
Evaluating the adequacy of disclosures made in the 
Financial Statements in respect of going concern
Based on the work we have performed, we have not 
identified any material uncertainties relating to events 
or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast 
significant doubt on the entity’s ability to continue as a going 
concern for a period of at least twelve months from when 
the Financial Statements are authorised for issue.
Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors 
with respect to going concern are described in the relevant 
sections of this report.

GOVERNANCE
47
www.unionjackoil.com
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT  
ON THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
TO THE MEMBERS OF UNION JACK OIL PLC
OVERVIEW OF OUR AUDIT APPROACH
Materiality
In planning and performing our audit we applied the 
concept of materiality. An item is considered material if 
it could reasonably be expected to change the economic 
decisions of a user of the Financial Statements. We used  
the concept of materiality to both focus our testing and  
to evaluate the impact of misstatements identified.
Based on our professional judgement, we determined 
overall materiality for the Company Financial Statements as 
a whole to be £235,000 (2023: £243,000), based on 1% of 
total assets. Total assets was used as the benchmark as the 
Company has a mix of exploration and production assets.  
A profit measure alone is susceptible to fluctuation mainly 
due to periods of shut in or movements in oil prices. The 
asset measure provides a stable basis for the assessment  
of materiality.
We use a different level of materiality (“performance 
materiality”) to determine the extent of our testing for the 
audit of the Financial Statements. Performance materiality 
is set based on the audit materiality as adjusted for the 
judgements made as to the entity risk and our evaluation  
of the specific risk of each audit area having regard to  
the internal control environment. Performance materiality 
was set at 70% of materiality for the Financial Statements  
as a whole, which equates to £164,500 (2023: £170,000).
Where considered appropriate performance materiality 
may be reduced to a lower level, such as, for related party 
transactions and directors’ remuneration.
We agreed with the Audit Committee to report to it all 
identified errors in excess of £11,750 (2023: £12,150). 
Errors below that threshold would also be reported to  
it if, in our opinion as auditor, disclosure was required  
on qualitative grounds.
Overview of the scope of our audit
Our engagement was in respect of the audit of the  
Financial Statements of the Company. Our audit approach 
was developed by obtaining a thorough understanding  
of the Company’s activities and is risk based. 
Based on this understanding we assessed those aspects of 
the Company’s transactions and balances which were most 
likely to give rise to a material misstatement and were most 
susceptible to irregularities including fraud or error.
Specifically, we identified what we considered to be areas 
of increased risk and planned an audit approach to focus on 
these areas accordingly. We undertook a combination of 
analytical procedures and substantive testing on significant 
transactions, balances and disclosures, the extent of which 
was based on various factors such as our overall assessment 
of the control environment, the effectiveness of controls 
over individual systems and the management of specific risks.
Key Audit Matter
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our 
professional judgment, were of most significance in our 
audit of the Financial Statements of the current period 
and include the most significant assessed risks of material 
misstatement (whether or not due to fraud) we identified, 
including those which had the greatest effect on the overall 
audit strategy, the allocation of resources in the audit; 
and directing the efforts of the engagement team. These 
matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the 
Financial Statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion 
thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on 
these matters.
In addition to Going Concern, noted earlier, we identified 
the following Key Audit Matter. This is not a complete list 
of all risks identified by our audit.

48
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024
UNION JACK OIL PLC    
Key audit matter(S)
How the scope of our audit addressed the key audit matter
Carrying value of Oil and 
Gas Assets
Refer to notes 7 and 8 to the 
Financial Statements.
The Company’s oil and gas assets 
amounted to £20,011,631 as of 
31 December 2024. Exploration 
and evaluation interests (E&E) 
amounted to £12,417,318. 
Property, plant and equipment 
or development and producing 
interests (D&P) amounted to 
£7,594,313. 
Given the material carrying value 
of these assets, there is a risk that 
the carrying value is higher than 
the recoverable amount. 
The assessment of the carrying 
value of the oil and gas assets 
under IFRS 6 and IAS 36 requires 
management to apply significant 
judgement and estimates. 
Our work in respect of both the E&E assets and the D&P assets focused on 
evaluating the directors’ impairment indicator review for both producing and 
exploration licences.
We challenged the considerations made as to whether or not there were any 
indicators of impairment identified in accordance with the requirements of the 
relevant accounting standards. Our specified procedures are included below: 
Exploration and evaluation (E&E) assets - IFRS 6 Exploration and 
Evaluation of Mineral Resources
•	
Understanding of the controls operating in respect of the Company’s 
impairment reviews
•	
Reviewing directors’ assessment of impairment under IFRS 6 and consider 
whether there are any indicators of impairment
•	
Obtaining and reviewing agreements and other information available during  
the audit to identify any additional interests
•	
Making enquiries and reviewing publicly available information as to whether the 
licences are in good standing and whether the terms of the licences are being 
adhered to
•	
Obtaining the Company’s budget and ensuring that expenditure has been 
planned to maintain licences and for future expenditure to be spent to develop 
these licence areas
•	
Reviewing the available resource statements to determine if there is any 
evidence of impairment including publications by the respective operators
•	
Reviewing board minutes for evidence of impairment
•	
Assessing the adequacy of the disclosures in the Financial Statements
Development and production assets (D&P) assets - IAS 36 Impairment 
of Assets
•	
Understanding the controls operating in respect of the Company’s impairment 
reviews
•	
Reviewing directors’ assessment of impairment under IAS 36 and considering 
whether there are any indicators of impairment
•	
Reviewing the available resource statements to determine if there is any 
evidence of impairment including publications by the respective operators
•	
Confirming the consistency of the reserves and resources in the models with 
the updated Competent Person reports
•	
Assessing the competence and objectivity of external and internal Competent 
Persons
•	
Reviewing public information and Board minutes for evidence of indicators of 
impairment
•	
Reviewing impairment models prepared by the directors. We reviewed the 
assumptions used in the value-in-use calculations prepared by the directors.  
We engaged internal specialists as part of reviewing the assumptions used  
in the model. considered necessary
•	
Reviewing the disclosures in the Financial Statements, including the 
appropriateness of key judgements and sensitivities regarding asset carrying 
values and impairment
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT  
ON THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
TO THE MEMBERS OF UNION JACK OIL PLC
 

GOVERNANCE
49
www.unionjackoil.com
OTHER INFORMATION
The directors are responsible for the other information 
contained within the annual report. The other information 
comprises the information included in the annual report, 
other than the Financial Statements and our auditor’s 
report thereon. Our opinion on the Financial Statements 
does not cover the other information and, except to the 
extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do  
not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.
Our responsibility is to read the other information and, 
in doing so, consider whether the other information is 
materially inconsistent with the Financial Statements or 
our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears 
to be materially misstated. If we identify such material 
inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements,  
we are required to determine whether this gives rise 
to a material misstatement in the Financial Statements 
themselves. If, based on the work we have performed,  
we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this 
other information, we are required to report that fact.
We have nothing to report in this regard.
OPINION ON OTHER MATTER PRESCRIBED 
BY THE COMPANIES ACT 2006
In our opinion based on the work undertaken in the course 
of our audit: 
•	
The information given in the Strategic Report and  
the Directors’ Report for the financial year for which 
the Financial Statements are prepared is consistent  
with the Financial Statements
•	
The Strategic Report and the Directors’ Report have 
been prepared in accordance with applicable legal 
requirements
MATTERS ON WHICH WE ARE REQUIRED TO 
REPORT BY EXCEPTION
In light of the knowledge and understanding of the 
Company and its environment obtained in the course of  
the audit, we have not identified material misstatements  
in the strategic report or the directors’ report.
We have nothing to report in respect of the following 
matters where the Companies Act 2006 requires us to 
report to you if, in our opinion:
•	
Adequate accounting records have not been kept by  
the Company, or returns adequate for our audit have 
not been received from branches not visited by us; or
•	
The Financial Statements are not in agreement with  
the accounting records and returns; or
•	
Certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified 
by law are not made; or
•	
We have not received all the information and 
explanations we require for our audit
RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE DIRECTORS FOR 
THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As explained more fully in the directors’ responsibilities 
statement set out on page 31, the directors are responsible 
for the preparation of the Financial Statements and for 
being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for 
such internal control as the directors determine is necessary 
to enable the preparation of Financial Statements that  
are free from material misstatement, whether due to  
fraud or error.
In preparing the Financial Statements, the directors are 
responsible for assessing the Company’s ability to continue 
as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related 
to going concern and using the going concern basis of 
accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate 
the Company or to cease operations, or have no realistic 
alternative but to do so.
AUDITOR’S RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE 
AUDIT OF THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about 
whether the Financial Statements as a whole are free from 
material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, 
and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. 
Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is 
not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance 
with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement 
when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or 
error and are considered material if, individually or in the 
aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence 
the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these 
Financial Statements.
Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-
compliance with laws and regulations. We design 
procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, 
to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, 
including fraud. The extent to which our procedures are 
capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed 
as follows:
We obtained an understanding of the legal and regulatory 
frameworks that are applicable to the Company and 
the procedures in place for ensuring compliance. Based 
on our understanding of the Company and industry, 
discussions with those charged with governance we 
identified Companies Act 2006 as having a direct effect on 
the amounts and disclosures in the Financial Statements. 
Our work included direct enquiry of those charged with 
governance, reviewing Board and relevant committee 
minutes and inspection of correspondence.
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT  
ON THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
TO THE MEMBERS OF UNION JACK OIL PLC

50
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024
UNION JACK OIL PLC    
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT  
ON THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
TO THE MEMBERS OF UNION JACK OIL PLC
AUDITOR’S RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE 
AUDIT OF THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
(CONTINUED)
As part of our audit planning process, we assessed the 
different areas of the Financial Statements, including 
disclosures, for the risk of material misstatement. This 
included considering the risk of fraud where direct enquiries 
were made of those charged with governance concerning 
both whether they had any knowledge of actual or 
suspected fraud and their assessment of the susceptibility  
of fraud. We considered the risk was greater in areas 
involving significant estimate or judgement. Based on this 
assessment we designed audit procedures to focus on 
key areas of estimate or judgement, this included specific 
testing of journal transactions, both at the year end and 
throughout the year.
We identified the significant laws and regulations of the UK 
and the USA to be those relating to the industry including, 
Oil & Gas Regulations, the financial reporting framework, 
tax legislation and the AIM listing rules. The Company is 
subject to laws and regulations where the consequence 
of non-compliance could have a material impact on 
the amount or disclosures in the Financial Statements, 
through the imposition of fines or litigations. These laws 
and regulations include those relating to health and safety, 
licensing and the environment.
Our audit procedures included:
•	
Enquiry of directors about the Company’s policies, 
procedures and related controls regarding compliance 
with laws and regulations and if there are any known 
instances of non-compliance including fraud
•	
Discussions with directors to consider any known  
or suspected instances of non-compliance with laws  
and regulations identified by them
•	
Reviewing minutes of meetings of those charges with 
governance for any instances of non-compliance with 
laws and regulations
•	
Reviewing correspondences with regulatory and tax 
authorities including HMRC and Environmental Agency 
for any instances of non-compliance with laws and 
regulations
•	
Engaging tax specialists in the audit to assess compliance 
with relevant tax laws and regulations
•	
Testing the appropriateness of journal entries recorded 
in the general ledger and other adjustments made in the 
preparation of the Financial Statements
•	
Reviewing accounting estimates for biases and Financial 
Statement disclosures and agreeing to surround 
information
Owing to the inherent limitations of an audit, there is  
an unavoidable risk that some material misstatements  
of the Financial Statements may not be detected, even 
though the audit is properly planned and performed in 
accordance with the ISAs (UK). We are not responsible  
for preventing non-compliance and cannot be expected  
to detect non-compliance with all laws and regulations.
The potential effects of inherent limitations are particularly 
significant in the case of misstatement resulting from fraud 
because fraud may involve sophisticated and carefully 
organised schemes designed to conceal it, including 
deliberate failure to record transactions, collusion or 
intentional misrepresentations being made to us.
A further description of our responsibilities is available  
on the Financial Reporting Council’s website at:  
www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description 
forms part of our auditor’s report.
USE OF OUR REPORT
This report is made solely to the Company’s members, 
as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the 
Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken 
so that we might state to the Company’s members 
those matters we are required to state to them in an 
auditor’s report and for no other purpose. To the fullest 
extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume 
responsibility to anyone other than the Company and  
the Company’s members as a body, for our audit work,  
for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.
Matthew Stallabrass (Senior Statutory Auditor)
for and on behalf of Crowe U.K. LLP
Statutory Auditor
London EC4M 7JW
16 May 2025

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
51
www.unionjackoil.com
	 	 		
	
31.12.24	
31.12.23
	 	 		
Notes 	
£	
£
	 Revenue	
	
3,929,722	
5,065,679
	 Cost of sales - operating costs	
	
(1,443,518)	
(1,118,794) 
	 Cost of sales - depreciation	
	
(398,654)	
(463,782) 
	 Cost of sales - Net Profit Interest payment	
2	
(119,449)	
(184,259)
	 Gross profit	
	
1,968,101	
3,298,844
	 Administrative expenses (excluding impairment charge)	
	
(1,878,089)	
(2,057,506)
	 Impairment	
	
(10,148)	
(56,829)
	 Total administrative expenses	
	
(1,888,237)	
(2,114,335)
	 Operating profit 	
	
79,864	
1,184,509
	 Finance income	
4	
129,617	
141,672 
	 Royalty income	
4	
196,737	
35,142
	 Profit before taxation 	
	
406,218	
1,361,323
	 Taxation 	
5	
242,995	
(502,234)
	 Profit for the financial year	
	
649,213	
859,089
	 Attributable to:
	 Equity shareholders of the Company	
	
649,213	
859,089
	 Earnings per share
	 Basic (pence)	
6	
0.61	
0.79 
	 Diluted (pence)	
6	
0.60	
0.79
The accompanying accounting policies and notes on pages 56 to 82 form an integral part of these financial statements.
INCOME STATEMENT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

52
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024
UNION JACK OIL PLC    
	 	 		
	
31.12.24	
31.12.23
	 	 		
 Notes	
£	
£
	 Profit for the financial year	
	
649,213	
859,089 
	  
	 Items which will not be reclassified  
	 subsequently to profit 
	 Other comprehensive income 
	 (Loss)/profit on investment revaluation	
10	
(408,792)	
44,984 
	 Taxation	
	
–	
(170,386)
	 Total comprehensive profit for the financial year	
 	
240,421	
733,687
The accompanying accounting policies and notes on pages 56 to 82 form an integral part of these financial statements.
STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
53
www.unionjackoil.com
	 	 		
	
31.12.24	
31.12.23
	 	 		
Notes 	
£	
£
	 Assets 
	 Non-current assets 
	 Exploration and evaluation assets	
7	
12,417,318	
10,905,630 
	 Property, plant and equipment	
8	
7,691,397	
5,888,456 
	 Investments	
10	
121,320	
530,112 
	 Deferred tax asset	
5	
221,110	
106,838
	 	 		
	
20,451,145	
17,431,036
	 Current assets	
	
 
	 Inventories	
	
11,149	
21,313 
	 Trade and other receivables	
11	
855,980	
1,525,954 
	 Cash and cash equivalents	
12	
2,527,831	
5,198,303
	  	  		
	
3,394,960	
6,745,570
	 Total assets	
	
23,846,105	
24,176,606
	 Liabilities 
	 Current liabilities 
	 Trade and other payables	
19	
222,894	
389,523
 	Non-current liabilities 
	 Provisions	
20	
1,688,740	
1,890,337 
	 Deferred tax liability	
5	
63,720	
–
	 	 		
	
1,752,460	
1,890,337
	 Total liabilities	
	
1,975,354	
2,279,860
	 Net assets	
	
21,870,751	
21,896,746
	 Capital and reserves attributable to the  
	 Company’s equity shareholders 
	 Share capital	
    13(A)	
7,514,576	
7,514,576 
	 Share-based payments reserve 	
14	
712,634	
712,634 
	 Treasury reserve	
14	
(1,736,700)	
(1,736,700) 
	 Accumulated profit	
14	
15,380,241	
15,406,236
	 Total equity	
	
21,870,751	
21,896,746
The financial statements of Union Jack Oil plc, registered number 07497220, were approved and authorised for issue  
by the Board of Directors on 16 May 2025 and were signed on its behalf by:
David Bramhill 
Director
The accompanying accounting policies and notes on pages 56 to 82 form an integral part of these financial statements.
BALANCE SHEET
AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2024

54
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024
UNION JACK OIL PLC    
The accompanying accounting policies and notes on pages 56 to 82 form an integral part of these financial statements.
	 	 	 	
	
	 Share-based	
	
 
	 	 	 	
	
Share	
payment	
Treasury	 Accumulated  
	 	 	 	
	
capital	
reserve	
reserve	
profit	
Total 
	 	 	 	
	
£	
£	
£	
£	
£
	 Balance at 1 January 2024	
	
7,514,576	
712,634	
(1,736,700)	
15,406,236	
21,896,746
	 Profit for the financial year	
	
–	
–	
–	
649,213	
649,213
	 Other comprehensive profit	
	
–	
–	
–	
(408,792)	
(408,792)
	 Total comprehensive 	
	
–	
–	
–	
240,421	
240,421 
	 profit for the year	
	
	
	
	
	
	 Contributions by and 
 	distributions to owners
	 Dividends 	
	
–	
–	
–	
(266,416)	
(266,416)
	 Total contributions by  
	 and distributions to owners	
	
–	
–	
–	
(266,416)	
(266,416)
	 Balance at  
	 31 December 2024	
	
7,514,576	
712,634	 (1,736,700)	
15,380,241	 21,870,751
	 Balance at 1 January 2023	
	
7,514,576	
712,634	
(214,227)	
14,992,248	
23,005,231
	 Profit for the financial year	
	
–	
–	
–	
859,089	
859,089
	 Other comprehensive profit	
	
–	
–	
–	
44,984	
44,984 
	 Taxation	
	
–	
–	
–	
(170,386)	
(170,386)
	 Total comprehensive 	
	
–	
–	
–	
733,687	
733,687 
	 profit for the year	
	
	
	
	
	
	 Contributions by and 
 	distributions to owners
	 Dividends 	
	
–	
–	
–	
(319,699)	
(319,699) 
	 Treasury shares	
	
–	
–	
(1,522,473)	
–	
(1,522,473)
	 Total contributions by  
	 and distributions to owners	
	
–	
–	 (1,522,473)	
(319,699)	 (1,842,172)
	 Balance at  
	 31 December 2023	
	
7,514,576	
712,634	 (1,736,700)	
15,406,236	 21,896,746
STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
55
www.unionjackoil.com
The accompanying accounting policies and notes on pages 56 to 82 form an integral part of these financial statements.
	 	 		
	
31.12.24	
31.12.23
	 	 		
Notes 	
£	
£
	 Cash flow from operating activities	
15	
344,371	
1,984,019
	 Cash flow from investing activities 
	 Purchase of intangible assets	
	
(1,596,514)	
(1,814,716) 
	 Purchase of property, plant and equipment	
	
(2,469,451)	
(766,424) 
	 Disposal of assets	
	
–	
227,272 
	 Fixed term deposit	
	
1,000,000	
–	
	 Purchase of investments	
10	
–	
(770,173) 
	 Sale of investments	
10	
–	
883,725 
	 Royalties received	
	
187,921	
– 
	 Interest received 	
	
129,617	
141,672
	 Net cash used in investing activities	
	
(2,748,427)	
(2,098,644)
	 Cash flow from financing activities 
	 Dividends paid	
	
(266,416)	
(319,699) 
	 Treasury shares	
	
–	
(1,522,473)
	 Net cash used in financing activities	
	
(266,416)	
(1,842,172)
	 Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	
	
(2,670,472)	
(1,956,797)
	 Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of financial year	
	
5,198,303	
7,155,100
	 Cash and cash equivalents at end of financial year 	
12	
2,527,831	
5,198,303
STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

56
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024
UNION JACK OIL PLC    
Union Jack Oil plc is a company incorporated in the United 
Kingdom under the Companies Act 2006. The address  
of the registered office is 6 Charlotte Street, Bath BA1 2NE, 
England. The nature of the Company’s operations and its 
principal activities are set out in the Chairman’s Statement, 
Strategic Report and the Directors’ Report. These Financial 
Statements are presented in pounds sterling because that 
was the currency of the primary economic environment  
in which the Company operated during 2024.
BASIS OF PREPARATION
The annual Financial Statements of Union Jack Oil plc  
(“the Company”) have been prepared in accordance  
with UK adopted international accounting standards (“IFRS”) 
applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies 
Act 2006.
IFRS is subject to amendment and interpretation by the 
International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) and the 
IFRS Interpretations Committee. These accounting policies 
comply with each IFRS that is mandatory for accounting 
periods ending on 31 December 2024 and subject to 
adoption by the UK Endorsement Board (“UKEB”).
The Financial Statements have been prepared under the 
historical cost convention except for the valuation of 
investments that have been measured at fair value through 
other comprehensive income. The principal accounting  
policies set out below have been consistently applied to  
all periods presented.
GOING CONCERN
The Company’s business activities, together with the  
factors likely to affect its future development, performance 
and position are set out in the Chairman’s Statement and  
this Strategic Report. The directors’ forecasts demonstrate  
that the Company will meet its day-to-day working capital  
and share of estimated project costs over the forecast  
period being at least 12 months from the sign-off of these 
Financial Statements through to 30 June 2026. 
There are a number of risks to the Company’s working  
capital position, which have been identified by the directors 
and its independent advisor, OGA, namely: (i) timing of 
incurred costs; (ii) scope of work programmes undertaken; 
and (iii) realised oil price.
The impact of those risks on the Company’s working 
capital position has been assessed under a range of differing 
scenarios, with the most adverse, given the current 
operating environment and stage of development that the 
Company’s assets are at, being identified as being the basis 
for evaluating the impact for the Going Concern assessment 
using the worst case “stress test.” 
The Company has sufficient funding to meet planned 
expenditures and a level of contingency. Taking account  
of the risks, the stress test shows that the Company is  
able to operate within the level of funds currently held  
at the date of approval of these Financial Statements. 
The directors have a reasonable expectation that the 
Company has adequate resources to continue in operational 
existence for the foreseeable future. Thus, they continue  
to adopt the going concern basis of accounting in preparing 
the Financial Statements. 
REVENUES
The Company’s revenue is primarily derived from selling 
hydrocarbons, and revenue is recognised at the point in 
time when the performance obligation to supply oil has 
been satisfied, i.e. when control of goods has passed to the 
customer. This is when oil sold is delivered to a third-party 
storage on behalf of the customer.
Transaction prices are agreed in writing in advance of sales  
and do not include any variable elements, including the oil 
price. As the product sold is clearly identifiable, there is a 
single performance obligation in each case to which the 
transaction price is allocated. There are no volume rebates 
offered and nor are there any payments in the nature of 
financing arrangements.
ROYALTIES
The Company does not believe the ownership of royalties 
meet the definition of a revenue contract, given there are  
no contracts with the customer, or performance obligations 
to fulfil, and the Company has no input in the running of  
the relevant oilfields. As a result, revenue is recognised as 
Royalty income.
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash on hand and  
deposits held at call with banks.
PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
57
www.unionjackoil.com
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Recognition and Derecognition
Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised  
when the Company becomes a party to the contractual 
provisions of the financial instrument.
Financial assets are derecognised when the contractual 
rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or 
when the financial asset and substantially all the risks and 
rewards are transferred.
A financial liability is derecognised when it is extinguished, 
discharged, cancelled or expires.
Classification and Initial Measurement of  
Financial Assets
Except for those trade receivables that do not contain a 
significant financing component and are measured at the 
transaction price in accordance with IFRS 9, all financial 
assets are initially measured at fair value adjusted for 
transaction costs (where applicable).
Financial assets are classified into the following categories:
•	
Amortised cost
•	
Fair value through profit or loss (“FVTPL”)
•	
Fair value through other comprehensive income 
(“FVOCI”)
In the periods presented the Company does not have  
any financial assets categorised as FVTPL.
The classification is determined by both:
•	
The entity’s business model for managing the  
financial asset
•	
The contractual cash flow characteristics of the  
financial asset
Subsequent Measurement of Financial Assets
Financial assets at amortised cost
Financial assets are measured at amortised cost if the assets 
meet the following conditions:
•	
They are held within a business model whose objective  
is to hold the financial assets and collect its contractual 
cash flows
•	
The contractual terms of the financial assets give rise  
to cash flows that are solely payments of principal  
and interest on the principal amount outstanding
After initial recognition, these are measured at amortised 
cost using the effective interest method. Discounting is 
omitted where the effect of discounting is immaterial. The 
Company’s cash and cash equivalents, trade and most other 
receivables fall into this category of financial instruments.
Financial assets at Fair Value through Other Comprehensive 
Income (“FVOCI”)
The Company accounts for financial assets at FVOCI if the 
assets meet the following conditions:
•	
They are held under a business model whose objective  
it is “hold to collect” the associated cash flows and sell
•	
The contractual terms of the financial assets give rise 
to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and 
interest on the principal amount outstanding
The Company’s investments are classified as financial assets  
at FVOCI based on the fair value hierarchy groups listed  
in note 16. The fair value of quoted securities are based  
on published market prices (Level 1 inputs). The fair value  
of the unquoted securities are based on Level 3 inputs. 
Classification and Measurement of Financial 
Liabilities
The Company’s financial liabilities include trade and other 
payables.
Financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value, and, 
where applicable, adjusted for transaction costs.
Subsequently, financial liabilities are measured at amortised 
cost using the effective interest method.
Impairment of Financial Assets
IFRS 9 requires the Company to recognise a loss allowance 
for expected credit losses on trade receivables. 
In particular, IFRS 9 requires the Company to measure the 
loss allowance for a financial instrument at an amount equal 
to the lifetime expected credit losses (“ECL”) if the credit risk 
on that financial instrument has increased significantly since 
initial recognition, or if the financial instrument is a purchased 
or originated credit impaired financial asset. However, if 
the credit risk on a financial instrument has not increased 
significantly since initial recognition, the Company is required 
to measure the loss allowance for that financial instrument  
at an amount equal to 12 months ECL. 
Any loss allowances measured in accordance with the above 
are recognised as a deduction from trade receivables in the 
Balance Sheet and movements in the loss allowance are 
recognised as an expense / (or gain) within administrative 
expenses in the income statement.
PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

58
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024
UNION JACK OIL PLC    
INTANGIBLE ASSETS – EXPLORATION AND 
EVALUATION ASSETS 
Costs (including research costs) incurred prior to obtaining 
the legal rights to explore an area will be expensed 
immediately to the Income Statement, as these are classified 
as pre-licence costs.
Expenditure incurred on the acquisition of a licence interest 
will initially be capitalised on a licence-by-licence basis. 
Costs will be held within exploration and evaluation costs  
until such a time as the exploration phase on the licence area 
is complete or commercial reserves have been discovered.
Exploration expenditure incurred in the process of 
determining exploration targets will be capitalised initially 
within intangible assets as exploration and evaluation costs. 
Exploration costs will initially be capitalised whilst exploration 
and evaluation activities are continuing, and until the success 
or otherwise has been established. The success or failure 
of each exploration/evaluation effort will be judged on a 
licence-by-licence basis. Capitalised costs will be written off 
on completion of exploration and evaluation activities unless 
the results indicate that hydrocarbon reserves exist and that 
these reserves are commercially viable.
All such costs will be subject to regular technical, commercial 
and management review for indicators of impairment 
which includes confirming the continued intent to develop 
or otherwise extract value from the licence, prospect or 
discovery. Where this is no longer the case, the costs will  
be immediately expensed.
Following evaluation of successful exploration wells, if 
commercial reserves are established and the technical 
feasibility of extraction is demonstrated, and once a project 
is sanctioned for commercial development, then the related 
capitalised exploration/evaluation costs will be transferred 
into a single field cash generating unit within development/
producing assets after testing for impairment, within 
Property, Plant and Equipment. Where results of exploration 
drilling indicate the presence of hydrocarbons which are 
ultimately not considered commercially viable, all related 
costs will be written off to the Income Statement.
INTANGIBLE ASSETS – ROYALTIES
Royalties are classified as intangible assets by the Company. 
The Company considers the substance of the royalty to 
be economically similar to holding a direct interest in the 
underlying asset. Existence risk (the commodity physically 
existing in the quantity demonstrated), production risk 
(that the operator can achieve production and operate a 
commercially viable project), timing risk (commencement and 
quantity produced, determined by the operator) and price 
risk (returns vary depending on the future commodity price, 
driven by future supply and demand) are all risks which the 
Company participates in on a similar basis to an owner of the 
underlying licence. Furthermore, in the royalty, there is only 
a right to receive cash to the extent there is a production 
and there are no interest payments, minimum payment 
obligations or means to enforce production or guarantee 
repayment. These are accounted for as intangible assets 
under IAS 38 and accordingly are amortised over their useful 
economic life, which management consider to be 26 years.
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT – 
DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION ASSETS
Development and Production (“D&P”) assets are 
accumulated into cash generating units ("CGU") and 
represent the cost of developing the commercial reserves 
and bringing them into production together with the 
Exploration and Evaluation (“E&E”) expenditures previously 
transferred from E&E assets as outlined in the policy above.
All costs incurred after the technical feasibility and 
commercial viability of producing hydrocarbons have been 
demonstrated will be capitalised within development/
producing assets on a field-by-field basis. Subsequent 
expenditure will be capitalised only where it either enhances 
the economic benefits of the development/producing asset 
or replaces part of the existing development/producing asset. 
On acquisition of a D&P asset from a third party, the asset  
will be recognised in the Financial Statements on signature  
of the sale and purchase agreement, subject to satisfaction  
of any substantive conditions within the agreement.
Costs relating to each CGU are depleted on a unit of 
production method based on the commercial Proven and 
Probable Reserves for that CGU. Development assets 
are not depreciated until production commences. The 
depreciation calculation takes account of the residual 
value of site equipment and the estimated future costs of 
development of recognised Proven and Probable Reserves, 
based on current price levels. Changes in reserve quantities 
and cost estimates are recognised prospectively.
Other, non-producing property, plant and equipment  
is depreciated over its useful life on a straight-line basis.  
The assets currently held are all considered to have a  
useful life of four years.
DECOMMISSIONING AND SITE 
RESTORATION PROVISIONS
Licensees have an obligation to restore fields to a condition 
acceptable to the relevant authorities at the end of their 
commercial lives.
Provision for decommissioning and reinstatement is 
recognised in full as a liability and an asset when the  
obligation arises. 
The asset is included within exploration and evaluation  
assets or property, plant and equipment as is appropriate.  
The liability is included within provisions. 
The amount recognised is the estimated cost of 
decommissioning and reinstatement, discounted where 
appropriate to its net present value, and is reassessed each  
year in accordance with local conditions and requirements. 
PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
59
www.unionjackoil.com
Revisions to the estimated costs of decommissioning and 
reinstatement which alter the level of the provisions required 
are also reflected in adjustments to the decommissioning  
and reinstatement asset. 
CONTINGENT LIABILITIES
Contingent consideration payable in respect of the 
Company’s interest in certain licences is considered to be a 
contingent liability, which is not recognised due to the lack of 
estimation certainty of both the timing and amount payable. 
These will be recognised as a provision when it is possible to 
accurately estimate costs and the timing is known.
IMPAIRMENT
The carrying amounts of non-current assets are reviewed for 
impairment, under IAS 36 for Production and Development 
assets and IFRS 6 for Exploration and Evaluation assets, if 
events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying 
value may not be recoverable. If there are indicators of 
impairment, such as a well not encountering commercial 
quantities of oil or a site being shut-in, an exercise is 
undertaken to determine whether the carrying values 
are in excess of their recoverable amount. Such review is 
undertaken on an asset by asset basis, except where such 
assets do not generate cash flows independent of other 
assets, in which case the review is undertaken at the cash 
generating unit level on a field-by-field basis. For intangible 
exploration and evaluation assets potential industry-specific 
impairment triggers may include the short term expiry of a 
licence, lack of budgeted spend, or the lack of potential for 
commercial development of the asset, and more general 
triggers would include external sources such as significant 
changes in the industry or internal evidence such as changes 
in expectation of an asset’s economic performance. The 
potential recoverable value of such assets is assessed by 
the directors based on their knowledge of the assets and 
available information. The Company’s cash-generating units 
are the smallest identifiable groups of assets that generate 
cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows 
from other assets or groups of assets.
A previously recognised impairment loss is reversed if the 
recoverable amount increases as a result of a reversal of  
the conditions that originally resulted in the impairment.  
This reversal is recognised in the Income Statement and  
is limited to the carrying amount that would have been 
determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss  
been recognised in the prior years. 
The recoverable amount of assets is the higher of their value 
in use and fair value less costs to sell. In assessing value in 
use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their 
present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects 
current market assessments of the time value of money  
and the risks specific to the asset. For an asset that does  
not generate cash inflows largely independent of those from 
other assets, the recoverable amount is determined for the 
cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs.
Impairments are recognised in the Income Statement to 
the extent that the carrying amount exceeds the assets’ 
recoverable amount. The revised recoverable amounts are 
amortised in line with the Company’s accounting policies. 
JOINT ARRANGEMENTS, FARM-IN AND 
PROFIT SHARING AGREEMENTS
The Company is party to a Joint Arrangement when there 
is a contractual agreement that sets out the terms of the 
relationship over the relevant activities of the Company  
and at least one other party.
Management has a legal degree of control over these 
joint operating arrangements through Joint Operating 
Agreements.
The Company classifies its interests in Joint Arrangements  
as joint operations: where the Company has both the rights  
to assets and obligations for the liabilities of the joint 
arrangement.
The Company accounts for its interests in joint operations  
by recognising its share of assets, liabilities, revenues and 
expenses in accordance with its contractually conferred  
rights and obligations.
The Company accounts for its own assets, liabilities and 
cash flows measured in accordance with the terms of the 
production sharing agreement and the accounting treatment 
reflects the agreement’s commercial effect. The Company’s 
revenue and cost of sales include revenues and operating 
costs associated with the Company’s interest.
Where the percentage ownership in Joint Arrangements 
changes during a reporting period, the arrangement is 
reassessed to ensure it is still appropriately classified, and 
the Company’s share of income and expenses is adjusted 
prospectively from the date of change.
NET PROFIT INTEREST
A Net Profit Interest (“NPI”) agreement exists between 
Egdon Resources U.K. Limited, Union Jack Oil plc and 
Valhalla Oil & Gas AS (“Valhalla”), which was activated in 
September 2022. Under this agreement Union Jack Oil plc, 
pay Valhalla a maximum of 2.75% NPI of PEDL180 income, 
less deductible expenditure. Expenditure regarding this 
contract is recognised in the Income Statement in the period 
it arises, as calculated based on the income produced by 
the licence in that period, less deductible expenditure, as 
set out in the original agreement. Due to the nature of this 
expenditure, arising directly from the revenue stream, it is 
recognised as a direct cost in the Income Statement.
PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

60
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024
UNION JACK OIL PLC    
PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
CURRENT TAX
Current tax is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable 
profit differs from net profit as reported in the Income 
Statement because it excludes items of income or expense  
that are taxable or deductible in other years and it further 
excludes items that are never taxable or deductible. The 
Company’s liability for current tax is calculated using tax  
rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by  
the Balance Sheet date.
ENERGY PROFITS LEVY
With effect from 26 May 2022 the UK government 
introduced an Energy Profit Levy (“EPL”) that would apply 
to the ring fence profits and chargeable at 25%. The EPL 
rate was increased to 35%, enacted on 10 January 2023  
and subsequently increased to 38% by the Provisional 
Collection of Taxes Act from 1 November 2024, at which 
point EPL uplift on capital expenditure was also abolished. 
The Finance Bill 2024-25 extended the end date for EPL to 
31 March 2030. This change was not substantially enacted 
at the Balance Sheet date.
DEFERRED TAX
Deferred tax is the tax expected to be payable or 
recoverable on differences between the carrying amounts 
of assets and liabilities in the Financial Statements and the 
corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable 
profit, and is accounted for using the Balance Sheet liability 
method. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised  
for all taxable temporary differences and deferred tax assets 
are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable 
profits will be available against which deductible temporary 
differences can be utilised. Such assets and liabilities are  
not recognised if the temporary difference arises from the 
initial recognition of goodwill or from the initial recognition 
(other than in a business combination) of other assets and 
liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable 
profit nor the accounting profit, with the exception of 
transactions that give rise to equal taxable and deductible 
temporary differences.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at 
each Balance Sheet date and reduced to the extent that it 
is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be 
available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.
Deferred tax is calculated at the tax rates that are expected 
to apply in the period when the liability is settled or the 
asset is realised based on tax laws and rates that have been 
enacted or substantively enacted at the Balance Sheet date. 
Deferred tax is charged or credited in the Income Statement, 
except when it relates to items charged or credited in other 
comprehensive income, in which case the deferred tax is also 
dealt with in other comprehensive income.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there  
is a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets 
against current tax liabilities and when they relate to 
income taxes levied by the same taxation authority  
and the Company intends to settle its current tax assets 
and liabilities on a net basis.
EQUITY INSTRUMENTS
An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a 
residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting  
all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by the 
Company are recognised at the proceeds received,  
net of direct issue costs.
The equity instrument in respect of the Company  
is in relation to the issue of ordinary shares. 
SHARE-BASED PAYMENTS
Equity-settled share-based payments in respect of options 
issued by the Company are measured at the fair value of 
the equity instruments at the grant date.
Details regarding the determination of the fair value of 
equity-settled share-based transactions are set out in note 
13(B). The fair value determined at the grant date of the 
equity-settled share-based payments is expensed over the 
vesting period, based on the Company’s estimate of the 
number of equity instruments that will eventually vest. 
At each Balance Sheet date, the Company revises its 
estimate of the number of equity instruments expected to 
vest as a result of the effect of non-market-based vesting 
conditions. The impact of the revision of the original 
estimates, if any, is recognised in the Income Statement such 
that the cumulative expense reflects the revised estimate, 
with a corresponding adjustment to equity reserves. 
When a share-based payment expires, the cumulative 
expense recognised in the share based payment reserve  
is reclassified to the relevant component of equity  
in line with the original recognition of the expense.
 

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
61
www.unionjackoil.com
PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
ADOPTION OF NEW AND REVISED INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS
The Company has adopted the following standards, amendments to standards and interpretations which are effective for 
the first time this year. The impact is shown below:
New and revised International Financial 
Reporting Standards
Effective Date: 
Annual periods 
beginning on or 
after:
UKEB 
adopted
Impact on the 
Company
IAS 1
Amendments to IAS 1: Classification of Liabilities 
as Current or Non-current
1 January 2024
Yes
No material 
impact
IAS 7 & 
IFRS 7
Amendments to IAS 7 and IFRS 7: Supplier 
Finance Arrangements
1 January 2024
Yes
No material 
impact
 
At the date of authorisation of the Financial Statements, the IASB and IFRS Interpretations Committee have issued 
standards, interpretations and amendments which are applicable to the Company. For the next reporting period,  
applicable International Financial Reporting Standards will be those endorsed by the UK Endorsement Board (UKEB).
Whilst these standards and interpretations are not effective for, and have not been applied in the preparation of, these 
Financial Statements, the following could potentially have a material impact on the Company’s Financial Statements going 
forward:	
New and revised International Financial Reporting Standards
Effective Date: 
Annual periods 
beginning on or after:
UKEB adopted
IAS 21
Lack of Exchangeability (Amendments to IAS 21)
1 January 2025
Yes
IFRS 7 & 
IFRS 9
Amendments to the Classification and Measurement of 
Financial Instruments
1 January 2026
No
IFRS 18
Presentation and Disclosure in Financial Statements
1 January 2027
No
New and revised International Financial Reporting Standards which are not considered to potentially have a material impact  
on the Company’s Financial Statements going forwards have been excluded from the above.
Management anticipates that all relevant pronouncements will be adopted in the Company’s accounting policies for the  
first period beginning after the effective date of the pronouncement. 
There are no other standards and interpretations in issue but not yet adopted that the directors anticipate will have  
a material effect on the reported income or net assets of the Company.

62
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024
UNION JACK OIL PLC    
PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING JUDGEMENTS 
AND KEY SOURCES OF ESTIMATION 
UNCERTAINTY
In the application of the Company’s accounting policies, 
which are described in this note, the directors are required 
to make judgements regarding the choice and application 
of accounting policies, as well as estimates and assumptions 
about the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities that are 
not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and 
associated assumptions are based on historical experience 
and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual 
results may differ from these estimates.
The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed 
on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are 
recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised 
if the revision affects only that period, or in the period of 
the revision and future periods if the revision affects both 
current and future periods. 
The following are the critical judgements and estimates 
that the directors have made in the process of applying 
the Company’s accounting policies and that have the most 
significant effect on the amounts recognised in the Financial 
Statements:
CRITICAL ESTIMATES
Exploration and Evaluation Costs
The Company’s accounting policy leads to the development 
of tangible and intangible fixed assets, where it is considered 
likely that the amount will be recoverable by future 
exploitation or sale, or alternatively where the activities  
have not reached a stage which permits a reasonable 
assessment of the existence of reserves. 
This requires management to make assumptions as 
to the future events and circumstances, especially in 
relation to whether an economically viable extraction 
operation can be established. Such estimates are 
subject to change and following initial capitalisation, 
should it become apparent that recovery of the 
expenditure is unlikely, the relevant capitalised amount 
will be written off to the Income Statement. 
Decommissioning and Site Restoration Provisions
Management use independent estimates for future 
decommissioning expenditure. A discount rate of 4.83% and 
inflation rate of 2.28% are used to determine appropriate 
decommissioning provisions for the UK and USA assets. 
These may change as a result of revisions to the estimated 
timing and future cost of decommissioning.
Carrying Value of Property, Plant and Equipment
The Company assesses at each reporting period whether 
there is any indication that these assets may be impaired  
as indicated in note 8.
If such indication exists, the Company estimates the 
recoverable amount of the asset. The recoverable amount 
is assessed by reference to the higher of ‘value in use’ (being 
the net present value of expected future cash flows of the 
relevant cash generating unit) and ‘fair value less cost to sell’. 
The Company considers the quantities of the Proven and 
Probable Reserves, future production levels and future oil 
prices as well as other IAS 36 criteria in their assessment of 
indicators of impairment. The directors do not believe there 
are any indicators of impairment in respect of the assets.
Depreciation
Production assets are depreciated on a unit of production 
method based on the commercial proven reserves for each 
separate asset. Development assets are not depreciated 
until production commences. The unit of production rate 
calculation for the depreciation of costs takes into account 
expenditures incurred to date.

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
63
www.unionjackoil.com
PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Reserve Estimates
Reserves are estimates of the amount of product that can 
be economically and legally extracted from the Company’s 
properties. In order to calculate the reserves, estimates 
and assumptions are required about a range of geological, 
technical and economic factors, including quantities, 
production techniques, recovery rates, production costs, 
transport costs, commodity demand, commodity prices  
and exchange rates.
Estimating the quantity and/or grade of reserves requires 
the size, shape and depth of fields to be determined by 
analysing geological data such as drilling samples. This 
process may require complex and difficult geological 
judgements and calculations to interpret the data.
Given that the economic assumptions used to estimate 
reserves change from year to year, and because additional 
geological data is generated during the course of operations, 
estimates of reserves may change from year to year. 
Changes in reported reserves may affect the Company’s 
financial results and financial position in a number of ways, 
including the following:
•	
Asset carrying values may be affected by possible 
impairment due to adverse changes in estimated future 
cash flows;
•	
Depreciation, depletion and amortisation charged in the 
Income Statement may change where such charges are 
determined by the units of production basis, or where  
the useful economic lives of assets change.
JUDGEMENTS IN APPLYING ACCOUNTING 
POLICIES 
Impairment
Management is required to assess the Exploration and 
Evaluation assets and the Development and Production  
assets for indicators of impairment. Note 7 discloses the 
carrying value of the Exploration and Evaluation assets.  
Note 8 discloses the carrying value of the Development  
and Production assets.
Impairment is considered on a Cash Generating Unit basis.
In assessing the need to impair Exploration and Evaluation 
assets and Development and Production assets the Board 
makes assumptions about the future progress and likely 
successful outcome of exploration and drilling activities as 
well as the estimated level of reserves and resources and  
the discount rate. Due diligence is performed at the outset 
of the investment before an investment is made. At an 
early stage of exploration of each investment the need for 
impairment is determined through monitoring market and 
industry conditions, competent person reports on each 
prospect and any available information from each licence’s 
main Operator.
In the case of those licences where drilling has commenced 
and management is committed to further exploration  
and evaluation with sufficient financial resources available  
to do so, impairment is not recognised unless technical 
analysis confirms that commercially viable hydrocarbons  
are insufficient to recover costs incurred. 
Investments
The Company’s investments in equity instruments are held 
for strategic purposes and as such these investments are 
held at Fair Value Through Other Comprehensive Income 
(“FVTOCI”). Management assesses these assets for any 
indication of change in their fair value by reviewing the 
market value of the relevant companies and therefore the 
value of the underlying asset.
Deferred Tax 
In determining the deferred tax asset to recognise, the 
directors have considered the likelihood of generating 
taxable profits in the foreseeable future against which 
losses and other timing differences can be offset. The 
directors have used assumptions consistent with those 
adopted in preparing the going concern assessment and 
have not anticipated profits that may arise following future 
exploration activity. Foreseeable future has been considered 
to be 24 months. The deferred tax asset recognised is 
disclosed in note 5 and amounted to £221,110 at the year 
end. There is also a deferred tax liability of £63,720 based 
on temporary timing differences in US fixed assets. 

64
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024
UNION JACK OIL PLC    
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
1	
BUSINESS AND OPERATING SEGMENTS
The Company is considered to have two operating segments, being the exploration and evaluation of, and the development 
and production of hydrocarbon discoveries onshore United Kingdom (“UK") and the United States of America (“USA”).
For the year ending 31 December 2024
	 	 		
Exploration 	
Development	
	
 
	 	 		
and Evaluation	
and Production	
Corporate	
Total 
	 UK segment	
£	
£	
£	
£
	 Revenue	
–	
3,737,564	
–	
3,737,564	
	 Operating Expenses	
–	
(1,513,628)	
–	
(1,513,628)	
	 Depreciation 	
–	
(366,145)	
–	
(366,145) 
	 Impairment	
–	
(10,148)	
–	
(10,148)	
	 Other administrative	
–	
–	
(1,795,087)	
(1,795,087)	
	 Profit from continuing operations	
–	
1,847,643	
(1,795,087)	
52,556	
	 Finance income	
–	
–	
125,880	
125,880	
	 Profit before taxation	
–	
1,847,643	
(1,669,207)	
178,436
	 USA segment	
	 Revenue	
–	
192,158	
–	
192,158	
	 Operating Expenses	
–	
(49,339)	
–	
(49,339)	
	 Depreciation 	
–	
(32,509)	
–	
(32,509)	
	 Other administrative	
–	
–	
(83,002)	
(83,002)	
	 Profit from continuing operations	
–	
110,310	
(83,002)	
27,308	
	 Finance income	
–	
–	
3,737	
3,737	
	 Royalty income	
196,737	
–	
–	
196,737	
	 Profit before taxation	
196,737	
110,310	
(79,265)	
227,782
	 Total for the Company	
196,737	
1,957,953	
(1,748,472)	
406,218
For the year ending 31 December 2023
	 	 		
Exploration 	
Development	
	
 
	 	 		
and Evaluation	
and Production	
Corporate	
Total 
	 UK segment	
£	
£	
£	
£
	 Revenue	
– 	
 5,065,679 	
 – 	
 5,065,679	
	 Operating Expenses	
– 	
(1,303,053) 	
 – 	
(1,303,053)	
	 Depreciation 	
– 	
(463,782) 	
 – 	
(463,782)	
	 Impairment	
– 	
(56,829) 	
 –	
(56,829)	
	 Other administrative	
– 	
 – 	
(2,057,506) 	
(2,057,506)	
	 Profit from continuing operations	
 – 	
 3,242,015 	
(2,057,506) 	
 1,184,509 	
	 Finance income	
 – 	
 – 	
 141,672 	
 141,672 	
	 Profit before taxation	
– 	
 3,242,015 	
(1,915,834)	
1,326,181
	 USA segment	
	 Royalty income	
35,142 	
 –	
 – 	
 35,142	
	 Profit before taxation	
35,142 	
 –	
– 	
 35,142
	 Total for the Company	
35,142 	
3,242,015 	
(1,915,834) 	
 1,361,323

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
65
www.unionjackoil.com
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
1	
BUSINESS AND OPERATING SEGMENTS (CONTINUED)
For the year ending 31 December 2024
	 	 		
Exploration 	
Development	
	
	
	 	 		
and Evaluation	
and Production	
Corporate	
Total 
	 UK segment	
£	
£	
£	
£
	 Non-current assets	
10,714,920	
5,975,307	
342,430	
17,032,657	
	 Current assets	
9,326	
234,126	
1,442,174	
1,685,626	
	 Non-current liabilities	
(550,005)	
(725,457)	
(376,030)	
(1,651,492)	
	 Current liabilities	
(39,565)	
(73,837)	
(102,825)	
(216,227)
	 Net assets	
10,134,676	
5,410,139	
1,305,749	
16,850,564
	 USA segment
	 Non-current assets	
1,702,398	
1,716,090	
–	
3,418,488	
	 Current assets	
463,971	
96,450	
1,148,913	
1,709,334	
	 Non-current liabilities	
–	
(37,248)	
(63,720)	
(100,968)	
	 Current liabilities	
(6,667)	
–	
–	
(6,667)
	 Net assets	
2,159,702	
1,775,292	
1,085,193	
5,020,187
	 Total for the Company	
12,294,378	
7,185,431	
2,390,942	
21,870,751
For the year ending 31 December 2023
	 	 		
Exploration 	
Development	
	
	
	 	 		
and Evaluation	
and Production	
Corporate	
Total 
	 UK segment	
£	
£	
£	
£
	 Non-current assets	
10,226,088 	
 5,888,456 	
 636,950 	
 16,751,494	
	 Current assets	
19,237 	
 440,005 	
 6,251,186 	
 6,710,428	
	 Non-current liabilities	
(606,169) 	
(753,611) 	
(530,557) 	
(1,890,337)	
	 Current liabilities	
(44,284) 	
(224,539) 	
(120,700)	
(389,523)
	 Net assets	
9,594,872 	
 5,350,311 	
6,236,879 	
 21,182,062
	 USA segment
	 Non-current assets	
679,542 	
 – 	
 – 	
 679,542	
	 Current assets	
35,142 	
 – 	
 – 	
 35,142
	 Net assets	
714,684 	
 – 	
 – 	
 714,684
	 Total for the Company	
10,309,556 	
 5,350,311 	
6,236,879 	
 21,896,746

66
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024
UNION JACK OIL PLC    
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
2	
OPERATING PROFIT
	 	 		
	
31.12.24	
31.12.23
	 	 		
 	
£	
£
	 Operating profit is stated after charging: 
 	Depletion of producing assets	
	
398,654	
463,782 
	 Net Profit Interest payment	
	
119,449 	
184,259 
	 Staff costs (see note 3)	
	
657,344	
767,219 
 	Fees payable to the Company’s auditor for: 
	 – The audit of these Financial Statements	
	
59,580	
57,977
A historical Net Profit Interest (“NPI”) agreement between Egdon Resources U.K. Limited, Union Jack Oil plc and  
Valhalla Oil & Gas AS (“Valhalla”) was activated in September 2022.
Under this agreement Union Jack Oil plc, pay Valhalla a maximum of 2.75% NPI of PEDL180 income, less  
deductible expenditure.
3	
EMPLOYEE INFORMATION AND REMUNERATION OF DIRECTORS
The aggregate payroll cost in the year of the employees, all of whom are directors, was as follows:
	 	 		
	
31.12.24	
31.12.23
	 	 		
 	
£	
£
	 Salaries 	
	
587,500	
680,833 
	 Social security costs	
	
69,844	
86,386
	 	 		
	
657,344	
767,219
The number of persons employed by the Company was 5 (2023: 4).
Ray Godson retired on 27 June 2024. Craig Howie was appointed on 22 April 2024.
Details of each director’s emoluments are included in the Directors’ Report and within this note. 
The salaries of individual directors were as follows:
	 Salaries	
	
31.12.24	
31.12.23	
	 	 		
	
£	
£
	 D Bramhill 	
	
325,000	
398,333 
	 J O’Farrell	
	
150,000	
177,500 
	 G Bull	
	
50,000	
57,500 
	 C Howie	
	
37,500	
– 
	 R Godson	
	
25,000	
47,500	
	 	 		
	
587,500	
680,833
The emoluments of the highest paid director were £325,000 (2023: £398,333).

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
67
www.unionjackoil.com
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
3	
EMPLOYEE INFORMATION AND REMUNERATION OF DIRECTORS (CONTINUED)
Directors’ share options outstanding at 31 December 2024 and at 31 December 2023:
	 	
	
	
	
2024	
2023
	 D Bramhill	
	
	
	
1,200,000	
1,200,000 
	 J O’Farrell	
	
	
	
700,000	
700,000 
	 G Bull	
	
	
	
550,000	
550,000 
	 R Godson*	
	
	
	
–	
150,000
* R Godson retired on 27 June 2024 and retains his options as a good leaver.
4	
OTHER INCOME
	 	 		
	
31.12.24	
31.12.23
	 Finance Income	
 	
£	
£
	 Bank interest	
	
120,468	
141,672 
	 HMRC interest	
	
9,149	
–
	 	 		
	
129,617	
141,672
	 	 		
	
31.12.24	
31.12.23
	 Royalty Income	
 	
£	
£
	 Mineral royalties	
	
196,737	
35,142

68
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024
UNION JACK OIL PLC    
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
5	
TAXATION
The major components of income tax for the years ended 31 December 2024 and 2023 are:
	 	 		
	 	
2024	
2023
	 	 		
	  	
£	
£
	 Current tax expense	
	 	
	
	
	 Current income tax credit	
	 	
(192,443)	
(318,206)
	 Total current tax	
	 	
(192,443)	
(318,206)
	 Deferred tax	
	 	
	
	
	 Origination and reversal of temporary differences	
 	 	
(603,933)	
 46,096  
	 Change in amount recognised	
	 	
–	
3,736,870  
	 Adjustment in respect of deferred tax assets not recognised	
	 	
706,305	
 –  
	 Adjustment in respect of prior years	
	 	
(102,372)	
(1,977,942) 
	 US deferred tax	
	 	
63,720	
–  
	 Energy Profits Levy	
	 	
(114,272)	
(984,584)
	 Total deferred tax	
	 	
(50,552)	
820,440
	 Total tax (credit)/charge	
	 	
(242,995)	
502,234 
A reconciliation between tax charge/(credit) and the product of the accounting profit	 and the standard rate  
of tax in the UK for the years ended 31 December 2024 and 2023 is as follows:
	 	 		
	 	
2024	
2023
	 	 		
	  	
£	
£
	 Accounting profit before tax from continuing operations	
	 	
406,218	
1,361,323 
	 Profit multiplied by the standard rate of tax of 40% (2023: 40%)	 	 	
162,487 	
544,529  
	 Expenses not permitted for tax	
	 	
75,062	
26,701  
	 Non ring fence income	
	 	
(88,561)	
– 
	 Other adjustments in respect of prior years	
	 	
(294,815)	
(2,125,762)  
	 Change in amount recognised	
	 	
–	
3,736,870  
	 Adjustment in respect of deferred tax assets not recognised	
	 	
706,305	
–  
	 Gross timing difference on US assets	
	 	
101,952	
–	
	 Difference in US tax rate	
	 	
(38,232)	
–	
	 Energy profits levy	
	 	
(114,272)	
(984,584)  
	 Ring Fence Expenditure Supplement effect	
	 	
(752,921)	
(695,520) 
	 Total tax (credit) / charge	
	 	
(242,995)	
502,234 
 
Deferred tax	
	 	
	
	
The movement on the deferred tax asset account is shown below:
	 	 		
	 	
2024	
2023
	 	 		
	  	
	
£
	 At 1 January	
	 	
(106,838)	
(927,278) 
	 Recognised in profit and loss	
	 	
(114,272)	
820,440
	 At 31 December	
	 	
(221,110)	
(106,838) 

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
69
www.unionjackoil.com
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
5	
TAXATION (CONTINUED)
The movement on the deferred tax liability account is shown below:	 	
	
	 	 		
	 	
2024	
2023
	 	 		
	  	
	
£
	 At 1 January	
	 	
–	
–
	 Recognised in profit and loss	
	 	
63,720	
–
	 Deferred tax movement - US assets	
	 	
63,720	
– 
Current tax adjustments in respect of prior years of £192,443 represents the repayment of EPL.	
	
The adjustment in respect of prior years deferred corporation tax of £102,372 derives from a reduction in the deferred tax 
asset on losses, and	 a decrease in the deferred tax liability on the fixed asset temporary timing differences at year end.	
In determining the deferred tax to recognise, the directors have considered the likelihood of generating taxable profits 
in the foreseeable future against which losses can be offset. The directors have used assumptions consistent with those 
adopted in preparing the going concern assessment and have not anticipated profits that may arise following future 
exploration activity. Foreseeable future has been considered to be 24 months.
Adjustment in respect of deferred tax assets not recognised of £706,305 is the tax impact of the increase in unrecognised 
tax losses. This has increased through tax losses relating to the effect of capital expenditure on UK projects.	
As at 31 December 2024 there are unrecognised deferred tax assets of £4,264,828 (2023: £3,558,523) in relation  
to Corporation Tax and £463,909 (2023: £494,307) in respect of Energy Profits Levy. 	
	
Energy Profits Levy (“EPL”)	
	 	
	
	
With effect from 26 May 2022 the UK government introduced an Energy Profit Levy ("EPL") that would apply to the ring 
fence profits and chargeable at 25%.	 The EPL rate was increase to 35%, enacted on 10 January 2023, and subsequently 
increased to 38% by the Provisional Collection of Taxes Act from 1 November 2024,	 at which point EPL uplift on capital 
expenditure was also abolished.	
The Finance Bill 2024-25 extended the end date for EPL to 31 March 2030. This change was not substantially enacted at 
the Balance Sheet date however	 if it has been enacted the effect of this extension would be the recognition of a deferred 
tax liability of £78,163.	
 
The EPL credit to the Company during 2024, after an OPEX allowance of 100% and CAPEX relief of 129% was £192,443 
(2023: £147,820).	
The planned development and drilling programme for 2025 are expected to provide a cushion in respect of EPL payments 
made by the Company during the year.	
	
Tax losses
In addition to the above recognised tax losses the Company also has the following tax losses for which no deferred tax 
asset has been recognised:
	 	 		
	 	
2024	
2023
	 	 		
	  	
£	
£
	 Unrecognised tax losses	
	 	
9,008,386	
7,029,687 
	 Potential tax benefit @ 40% (2023: 40%)	
	 	
3,603,354	
2,811,875 

70
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024
UNION JACK OIL PLC    
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
6	
EARNINGS PER SHARE
The Company has issued options over ordinary shares which could potentially dilute the basic earnings per share in the 
future. Further details are given in note 13(B).
Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the profit attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted average 
number of ordinary shares outstanding during the year. 
These options have been taken into account when calculating the diluted earnings per share.
	 Earnings per share	
	
2024	
2023
	 	 		
	
Pence	
Pence
	 Profit per share from continuing operations 
	 –	Basic	
	
0.61	
0.79 
	 –	Diluted	
	
0.60	
0.79
The profit and weighted average number of ordinary shares used in the calculation of profit per share are as follows:
	 	 		
	
2024	
2023
	 	 		
	
£	
£
	 Profit used in the calculation of total basic and diluted profit per share 	
649,213	
859,089
	 Number of shares	
	
2024	
2023
	 Weighted average number of ordinary shares for the purposes of basic  
	 and diluted profit per share	
	
 
	 –		Basic	
	
106,565,896	
108,268,772 
	 –		Diluted	
	
107,915,896	
108,531,272
As detailed in note 13(A), the Company has 831,680,400 (2023: 831,680,400) deferred shares. These have not been included 
within the calculations of basic shares above on the basis that IAS 33 defines an ordinary share as an equity instrument that is 
subordinate to all other classes of equity instruments. Any residual interest in the assets of the Company would not currently, 
on liquidation, go to the deferred shareholders, hence they are not currently considered subordinate. These deferred shares 
have not been taken into account when calculating the diluted profit per share as their impact was anti-dilutive.

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
71
www.unionjackoil.com
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
7	
INTANGIBLE ASSETS
	 	 		
31.12.24	
 31.12.24	
31.12.24	
31.12.23
	 	 		
Exploration and evaluation	
Royalties	
Total	
Total 
	 	 		
£	
£ 	
 £	
£
Cost	
	
	
	
 
At 1 January 	
10,229,400	
681,727	
10,911,127	
9,160,176 
Costs incurred in the year 	
1,408,011	
134,287	
1,542,298	
1,844,561 
Disposals 	
–	
–	
–	
(93,610)
At 31 December 	
11,637,411	
816,014	
12,453,425	
10,911,127
Depreciation and impairment	
	
	
 
At 1 January 	
3,312	
2,185	
5,497	
26,170 
Amortisation charge for the year 	
–	
30,610	
30,610	
2,185 
Disposals	
–	
–	
–	
(22,858)
At 31 December 	
3,312	
32,795	
36,107	
5,497
Net book value	
	
	
	
 
At 31 December 	
11,634,099	
783,219	
12,417,318	
10,905,630 
At 1 January 	
10,226,088	
679,542	
10,905,630	
9,134,006
Additions to exploration and evaluation costs represent exploration and appraisal costs incurred in the year in respect  
of unproven properties and provisions recognised for decommissioning and restoration liabilities. 
The directors have reviewed whether there were any potential indicators for impairment evidence for each of the assets. 
If an indicator was identified, the directors considered the potential value of the projects and licences. The directors have 
also considered the likely opportunities for realising the value of licences and have concluded that the likely value of each 
exploration area is individually in excess of its carrying amount. There was no impairment for 2024.
Included in the above intangible asset additions during the year are amounts arising in relation to changes in decommissioning 
and restoration provisions (note 20).
Intangible assets (less any impairment and provisions) comprise amounts capitalised as follows:
	 	 		
 	
31.12.24	
31.12.23
	 	 		
 	
 £	
£
	 West Newton 	
PEDL183	
6,418,468	
6,137,178 
	 Biscathorpe	
PEDL253	
3,804,139	
3,666,898 
	 North Kelsey	
PEDL241	
492,313	
422,012 
	 US Royalties	
	
783,219	
679,542 
	 Moccasin	
	
298,770	
– 
	 Diana	
	
275,977	
–	
	 Rogers Secondary Recovery Project	 	
183,282	
–	
	 East Shawnee	
	
161,150	
–
	 	 		
	
12,417,318	
10,905,630

72
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024
UNION JACK OIL PLC    
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
8	
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
	 	 		
31.12.24 	
31.12.24	
31.12.24	
31.12.23 
	 	 		
Development and production	
Equipment	
Total	
Total  
	 	 		
£ 	
£ 	
£	
£
	 Cost	
	
 
	 At 1 January	
10,005,023	
172,587	
10,177,610	
9,412,146 
	 Additions	
2,254,890	
–	
2,254,890	
804,454 
	 Disposals	
–	
–	
–	
(38,990)
	 At 31 December	
12,259,913	
172,587	
12,432,500	
10,177,610
	 Depreciation and impairment 
	 At 1 January	
4,256,798	
32,356	
4,289,154	
3,745,934 
	 Depreciation charge for the year	
398,654	
43,147	
441,801	
496,138 
	 Disposals	
–	
–	
–	
(9,747) 
	 Costs impaired	
10,148	
–	
10,148	
56,829
	 At 31 December	
4,665,600	
75,503	
4,741,103	
4,289,154
	 Net book value	
	
 
	 At 31 December	
7,594,313	
97,084	
7,691,397	
5,888,456 
	 At 1 January	
5,748,225	
140,231	
5,888,456	
5,666,212
The Board has assessed the Development and Production assets as at 31 December 2024 and has identified indicators of 
impairment as set out in IAS36 Impairment of assets in respect of EXL294 Fiskerton Airfield. This impairment amounts 
to a total of £10,148 (2023: £56,829). This licence has a carrying value of nil (2023: nil) and the impairment shown here 
represents a movement in the abandonment provision.
There were no indicators for impairment on any other assets. 
Development and Production assets comprise amounts capitalised as follows:
	 	 		
 	
	
	
31.12.24	
31.12.23
	 	 		
 	
	
	
 £	
£
	 Wressle	
PEDL180/182	
	
	
4,906,764 	
4,844,894 
	 Keddington	
PEDL005(R) 	
	
	
971,459	
903,331 
	 Andrews 1-17	
	
	
	
849,181	
– 
	 Andrews 2-17	
	
	
	
280,662	
– 
	 Taylor	
	
	
	
586,247	
–
	 	 		
	
	
	
7,594,313	
5,748,225
 

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
73
www.unionjackoil.com
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
9 	
JOINT OPERATIONS
The Company is party to 13 Joint Arrangements which carry out exploration and development of hydrocarbons in the 
United Kingdom and the United States of America. The Joint Operations in which the Company held an interest as at  
31 December 2024 are as below:
	 Licence 	
Name	
Proportion of 	
Proportion of	
Principal place
	 	 		
	
ownership 	
ownership 	
of business 
	 	 		
	
interest 2024	
interest 2023	
	 PEDL180/182	
Wressle/Broughton North	
40%	
40%	
England 
	 PEDL183	
West Newton	
16.665%	
16.665%	
England 
	 PEDL005(R)	
Keddington	
55%	
55%	
England 
	 PEDL253	
Biscathorpe	
45%	
45%	
England 
	 PEDL241	
North Kelsey	
50%	
50%	
England 
	 PEDL118	
Dukes Wood	
16.67%	
16.67%	
England 
	 EXL294	
Fiskerton Airfield	
20%	
20%	
England 
	 PEDL209	
Laughton	
10%	
10%	
England 
	 PEDL203	
Kirklington	
–	
16.67%	
England 
	 PEDL201	
Widmerpool Gulf	
–	
26.25%	
England 
	 3513325407/9	
Andrews Field	
45%	
–	
Oklahoma, USA 
	 3513325410	
Taylor	
45%	
–	
Oklahoma, USA 
	 3512523989	
Moccasin	
45%	
–	
Oklahoma, USA	
	 3513321369	
Rogers Secondary Recovery Project	
45%	
–	
Oklahoma, USA	
	 –			
Diana	
75%	
–	
Oklahoma, USA
During the year, PEDL201 (Widmerpool Gulf) and PEDL203 (Kirklington) were relinquished. During January 2025 
PEDL118 (Duke’s Wood) was relinquished.
10 	
INVESTMENTS
	 	 		
	
2024 	
2023
	 	 		
	
£	
£
Investments in equity instruments designated as at FVTOCI 
Shares 	
	
121,320	
530,112
These investments in equity instruments are not held for trading. Instead, they are held for medium to long-term strategic 
purposes. Accordingly, the directors of the Company have elected to designate these investments in equity instruments as 
at FVTOCI as they believe that recognising short-term fluctuations in these investments’ fair value in profit or loss would 
not be consistent with the Company’s strategy of holding these investments for long-term purposes and realising their 
performance potential in the future. Measurement criteria for investments are given in note 16.

74
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024
UNION JACK OIL PLC    
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
10	
INVESTMENTS (CONTINUED)
	 	 		
	
31 December 	
31 December 
	 	 		
	
2024 	
2023
	 	 		
	
£	
£
	 At 1 January	
	
530,112	
552,043 
	 Additions	
	
–	
770,173 
	 Disposals	
	
–	
(837,088) 
	 Changes in fair value of investments	
	
(408,792)	
44,984
	 At 31 December	
	
121,320	
530,112
Elephant Oil Corp
The Company is the beneficial holder of 56,650 (2023: 56,650) ordinary shares of Elephant Oil Corp, registered  
in Nevada, United States of America (USA).
The principal activity of Elephant Oil Corp is the exploration and evaluation of hydrocarbon assets in West Africa.
The value of the unquoted Elephant Oil Corp shares are deemed to be US$2.25 per share and, on this basis, the  
Company has valued its holding at £101,970 (2023: £100,112).
Beacon Energy plc
The Company is the beneficial owner of 430,000,000 (2023: 430,000,000) ordinary shares in Beacon Energy plc (“Beacon”), 
a company registered in the Isle of Man, which represents a 2.32% (2023: 3.22%) interest in that company at year end.
Beacon, under AIM rule is, currently classified as a cash shell. 
The investment in Beacon was revalued at the year end at 0.0045 pence per share with a total value of £19,350 
(2023: £430,000).
The change in valuation for the above investments are reported in the Statement of Comprehensive Income on page 52.
HYDROCARBON VENTURES LIMITED
Hydrocarbon Ventures Limited, incorporated on 30 July 2024, is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company and was 
dormant in the current and prior periods.
11	
TRADE AND OTHER RECEIVABLES - CURRENT
The average credit period on sales of goods is 30 days. No interest is charged on outstanding trade receivables. The 
Company measures the loss allowance for trade receivables at an amount equal to 12 months ECL. The ECL on trade 
receivables are estimated using a provision matrix by reference to past default experience of the debtor and an analysis 
of the debtor current financial position, adjusted for factors that are specific to the debtors, general economic conditions 
of the industry in which the debtors operate and an assessment of both the current as well as the forecast direction of 
conditions at the reporting date.
The Company has recognised no loss allowance for the trade receivables as there has been no historical experience to 
indicate that these receivables are not recoverable. 
The Company has other receivables of £43,958 which is accrued royalty income. 
There has been no change in the estimation techniques or significant assumptions made during the current reporting period.

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
75
www.unionjackoil.com
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
11	
TRADE AND OTHER RECEIVABLES - CURRENT (CONTINUED)
	 	 		
 	
31.12.24	
31.12.23
	 	 		
 	
 £	
£
	 Trade receivables	
	
189,776	
357,706 
	 Term deposit	
	
–	
1,000,000 
	 Other receivables	
	
43,958	
35,142 
	 VAT	
	
88,239	
103,114 
	 Prepayments	
	
534,007	
29,992
	 	 		
	
855,980	
1,525,954
12	
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
	 	 		
	
31.12.24	
31.12.23
	 	 		
	
£	
£
	 Cash at bank	
	
2,527,831	
5,198,303
Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash and short-term bank deposits with an original maturity of three months or less.  
The carrying amount of these assets is equal to their fair value.
13(a)	 SHARE CAPITAL
Allotted and issued:	
	
	
Nominal	
31.12.24	
31.12.23
Number	
	
Class	
value	
£	
£
 	112,865,896	
	
Ordinary 	
 5p	
5,643,295	
5,643,295 
	 (31 December 2023: 112,865,896)
	 831,680,400	
	
Deferred	
0.225p	
1,871,281	
1,871,281 
	 (31 December 2023: 831,680,400)
	 Total	
	
	
	
7,514,576	
7,514,576
Ordinary shares hold voting rights and are entitled to any distributions made on winding up. Deferred shares do not hold 
voting or dividend rights and are not entitled to distributions made on winding up.
Treasury shares
	
	
2024	
2023
	
	
	
Number	
£	
Number	
£
Ordinary shares held in treasury 	
 
by the Company	
	
6,300,000	
1,736,700	
6,300,000	
1,736,700

76
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024
UNION JACK OIL PLC    
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
13(b) 	 SHARE-BASED PAYMENTS – OPTIONS
No options were granted to directors of the Company during 2024. Options are Issued with an exercise price equating  
to the mid-market closing price on the date of Issue.
Options have a vesting period of 3 years and are subject to a further condition that the options can only be exercised  
if the share price is at a 30% premium to the exercise price.
Details of the number of options and the weighted average exercise price (WAEP) outstanding during the year are  
as follows:
	 	 		
 	
Number of options	
WAEP
	 	 		
 	
 	
£
	 Outstanding at the beginning of the year	
	
3,050,000	
0.374 
	 Granted during 2024	
	
–	
– 
	 Exercised during 2024	
	
–	
– 
	 Outstanding at the end of the year	
	
3,050,000	
0.374 
	 Exercisable at the end of the year	
	
3,050,000	
0.374
The fair values of options in issue are calculated using the Black-Scholes model. The inputs into the model are as follows:
	 Date of grant	
	
06.08.19	
19.07.19	
04.12.18 	
07.11.18	
18.07.18
	 Number in issue at 31 December 2024	
	
400,000	
1,300,000	
150,000	
300,000	
900,000 
	 Share price at date of grant	
	
53p	
53p	
22p	
22p	
18p 
	 Exercise price	
	
53p	
53p	
22p	
22p	
18p 
	 Expected volatility	
	
70%	
70%	
63% 	
62%	
55% 
	 Expected life (years)	
	
6.5	
6.5	
6.5	
6.5	
6.5 
	 Risk-free rate	
	
0.3161%	
0.5187%	
0.8840%	
1.1035%	
0.9427% 
	 Expected dividend yield	
	
0%	
0%	
0%	
0%	
0% 
	 Fair value at date of grant	
	
£133,497	
£435,086	
£19,491	
£58,106	
£85,822 
	 Earliest vesting date	
	
06.08.22	
19.07.22	
04.12.21	
07.11.21	
18.07.21 
	 Expiry date	
	
06.08.29	
19.07.29	
04.12.28	
07.11.28	
18.07.28
The Company recognised total expenses in the Income Statement of £nil in relation to share options accounted  
for as equity-settled share-based payment transactions during the year (2023: £nil).
Expected volatility was determined based on a historic 5-year volatility of the Company.

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
77
www.unionjackoil.com
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
14	
RESERVES
The nature and purpose of each reserve within equity is as follows:
Share capital – represents the nominal value of shares issued.
Share-based payment reserve – represents the cumulative cost of options issued in return for professional services.
Treasury reserve – own shares held in treasury by the Company.
Retained earnings – represents cumulative profits, and all other net gains and losses and transactions with owners  
not recognised elsewhere.
15	
RECONCILIATION OF PROFIT TO CASH GENERATED FROM OPERATIONS
	 	 		
	
31.12.24	
31.12.23
	 	 		
	
£	
£
	 Profit for the year	
	
406,218	
1,361,323 
	 Depletion of producing assets	
	
398,654	
463,782 
	 Accretion	
	
(19,132)	
97,751 
	 Impairment of assets	
	
10,148	
56,829 
	 Provision adjustment	
	
(62,442)	
– 
	 Amortisation / depreciation	
	
73,757	
34,541 
	 Loss on disposal of assets	
	
–	
18,299 
	 Finance income	
	
(129,617)	
(141,672) 
	 Royalty income	
	
(196,737)	
(35,142)
	 	 		
	
480,849	
1,855,711
	 Decrease in inventories	
	
10,164	
6,725 
	 (Increase) / decrease in trade and other receivables	
	
(321,210)	
373,029 
	 (Decrease) / increase in trade and other payables	
	
(17,875)	
10,167
	 Cash generated from operations	
	
108,781	
2,245,632
	 Income taxes received / (paid)	
	
192,443	
(261,613)
	 Net cash flows from operating activities	
	
344,371	
1,984,019

78
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024
UNION JACK OIL PLC    
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
16	
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Classification of measurement of financial instruments
The fair value hierarchy groups financial assets and liabilities into three levels based on the significance of inputs used  
in measuring the fair value of the financial assets and liabilities.
The fair value hierarchy has the following levels:
•	
Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
•	
Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability,  
either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices); and
•	
Level 3: inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).
The level within which the financial asset or liability is classified is determined based on the lowest level of significant  
input to the fair value measurement.
The Company holds investments at fair value through other comprehensive income. Investments in listed shares  
are a level 1 valuation. Investments in unlisted shares are a level 3 valuation as the quoted price is not available. 
The tables below set out the Company’s accounting classification of each class of its financial assets and liabilities.
	 Financial assets measured at fair value	
	
	
£
	 At 31 December 2024	
Level 1	
Level 3	
Total
	 Investments: FVOCI	
19,350	
101,970	
121,320
	 At 31 December 2023 
	 Investments: FVOCI	
430,000	
100,112	
530,112
	 Financial assets measured at amortised cost	
	
	
£
	 At 31 December 2024	
	
	
	
	 Other receivables	
	
	
666,204 
	 Trade receivables	
	
	
189,776 
	 Cash and cash equivalents	
	
	
2,527,831
	 Total carrying value	
	
	
	
3,383,811
	 At 31 December 2023	
	
	
	
	 Other receivables	
	
	
1,168,248 
	 Trade receivables	
	
	
357,706 
	 Cash and cash equivalents	
	
	
5,198,303 
	 Total carrying value	
	
	
	
6,724,257
All of the above financial assets’ carrying values approximate to their fair values at 31 December 2024 and 31 December 
2023, given their nature and short times to maturity.

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
79
www.unionjackoil.com
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
16	
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (CONTINUED)
	 Financial liabilities measured at amortised cost	
	
	
£
	 At 31 December 2024 
	 Trade payables	
	
	
113,169 
	 Accruals	
	
	
109,725
	 Total carrying value	
	
	
222,894 
	 At 31 December 2023 
	 Trade payables	
	
	
285,244 
	 Accruals	
	
	
104,279
	 Total carrying value	
	
	
389,523 
All of the above financial liabilities’ carrying values approximate to their fair values at 31 December 2024 and  
31 December 2023 given their nature and short times to maturity.
17	
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENT RISK EXPOSURE AND MANAGEMENT
The principal financial risks to which the Company is exposed are: liquidity risk, oil price risk and credit risk. This  
note describes the Company’s objectives, policies and processes for managing those risks and the methods used to  
measure them.
Credit risk
The Company measures credit risk on trade receivables using a provision matrix by reference to past default experience 
of the debtor and an analysis of the debtor current financial position, adjusted for factors that are specific to the debtors, 
general economic conditions of the industry in which the debtors operate and an assessment of both the current as well 
as the forecast direction of conditions at the reporting date. The Company has recognised no loss allowance for the trade 
receivables as there has been no historical experience to indicate that these receivables are not recoverable. All outstanding 
trade receivables of £189,776 have been received prior to approval of the Financial Statements and the credit risk is 
believed to be unchanged from previous years.
The Company has other receivables which are accrued royalty income of £43,958. Union Jack has a management 
agreement with Reach whereby Reach obtain all the royalty payments, which are subsequently paid into Union Jack’s USA 
bank account with BancFirst. Union Jack has an Internal Revenue Service number.
Under IFRS 9 the 12 month expected credit losses have been considered on all of these receivables and these assessments 
resulted in no credit losses being recognised after taking into consideration the credit risk associated with the trade and 
other receivables, of £233,734. 
The Company’s credit risk is otherwise largely attributable to its cash balances and such risk is limited as the third parties 
are international banks of which the latest S&P Global (formerly Standard & Poors) long term rating is A+.
The Company’s total credit risk amounts to the total of the sum of the receivables, cash and cash equivalents. At the year 
end this amounted to £2,761,565 (2023: £6,591,151).
Liquidity risk
In managing liquidity risk, the main objective of the Company is to ensure that it has the ability to pay all of its liabilities  
as they fall due. The Company monitors its levels of working capital to ensure that it can meet its debt repayments as they 
fall due. 
The following table on page 80 shows the undiscounted cash flows on the Company’s financial liabilities as at 31 December 
2024 and 31 December 2023, on the basis of their earliest possible contractual maturity.

80
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024
UNION JACK OIL PLC    
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
17	
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENT RISK EXPOSURE AND MANAGEMENT (CONTINUED) 
At 31 December 2024
	 	 		
	
	
Within	
Within	
Greater than
	 	 		
	
Total	
2 months	
2-6 months	
6 months	
	 	 		
	
£	
£	
£	
£
	 Trade payables	
	
113,169	
113,169	
–	
– 
	 Accruals	
	
109,725	
109,725	
–	
–
	 	 		
	
222,894 	
222,894 	
– 	
– 
	 	 		
	
	 At 31 December 2023	
	
	
	
	 Trade payables	
	
285,244 	
285,244 	
–	
– 
	 Accruals	
	
104,279 	
104,279 	
 – 	
–
	 	 		
	
389,523 	
389,523 	
– 	
– 
Oil price risk
The Company is exposed to oil price risk associated with sales of oil from production. The Company does not currently 
consider it necessary to use hedging instruments to manage its exposure to this risk.
Capital management
The Company’s objectives when managing capital are to safeguard its ability to continue as a going concern, add shareholder 
value and to maintain an optimal capital structure to reduce the cost of capital. The Company defines capital as being share 
capital plus reserves as disclosed in the Balance Sheet.
The Board of Directors monitors the level of capital as compared to the Company’s commitments, and adjusts the level  
of capital as is determined to be necessary, by issuing shares.
The Company is not subject to any externally imposed capital requirements.
18	
FINANCIAL COMMITMENTS
The Company had no financial commitments as at 31 December 2024 or 31 December 2023, other than those recognised 
in the Financial Statements and where Authority for Expenditure has been agreed with the Operator.
19	
TRADE AND OTHER PAYABLES
	 	 		
	
31.12.24	
31.12.23
	 	 		
	
£	
£
	 Trade payables	
	
113,169	
285,244 
	 Accruals	
	
109,725	
104,279
	 	 		
	
222,894	
389,523

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
81
www.unionjackoil.com
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
20	
PROVISIONS
	
	
	
	
	
	
Decommissioning 
	
	
	
	
	
	
and reinstatement  
	
	
	
	
	
provision 
	
	
	
	
	
£
 	As at 1 January 2023	
	
 	
 	
 	
1,700,069 
	 Adjustment to provision estimates	
	
	
	
92,517 
	 Accretion of provision	
	
	
	
	
97,751
	 At 31 December 2023	
	
	
	
	
1,890,337 
	 Adjustment to provision estimates	
	
	
	
(182,465) 
	 Accretion of provision	
	
	
	
	
(19,132)
	 At 31 December 2024	
	
	
	
	
1,688,740
	 At 31 December 2023	
	
	
	
	
1,890,337
A provision has been made for decommissioning costs on productive fields. A provision has also been made for 
reinstatement costs relating to exploration and evaluation assets where work performed to date gives rise to an obligation, 
principally for site restoration. Assumptions, based on the current economic environment, have been made which the 
directors believe are a reasonable basis upon which to estimate the future liability. This estimate will be reviewed regularly 
to take into account any material changes to assumptions. Actual costs will depend on a number of factors, including future 
market prices and any variation in the extent of decommissioning and reinstatement to be performed.
Decommissioning and reinstatement costs are currently expected to be used between 2026 and 2045.
Provisions created during the year, based on an independent review, relate to obligations in respect of Keddington, 
Fiskerton Airfield, Dukes Wood, Kirklington, Wressle and West Newton assets. 
The provision on the Balance Sheet also includes £63,720 deferred tax liability, the detail of which is given in note 5.
Sensitivity to key assumption changes 
Variations to the key assumptions used in the decommissioning provision estimates would cause increases/(reductions)  
to the provision as follows:
	 	 		
Further  
	 	 		
decommissioning  
	 	 		
provision
	 Inflation rate (current assumption 2.275%)	
 
	 1%	
	
	
(123,059) 
	 3%	
	
	
137,617
	 Discount rate (current assumption 4.826%)	
 
	 4%	
	
	
150,649 
	 6%	
	
	
(106,704)

82
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024
UNION JACK OIL PLC    
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
21	
CONTINGENT LIABILITIES 
At the year end there were no contingent liabilities.
22	
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Details of key management personnel remuneration are disclosed in note 3. Key management comprises only the directors.
Charnia Resources (UK), an entity owned by Graham Bull, non-executive director, was paid £120,360 (2023: £121,962)  
in respect of consulting fees. £12,000 was outstanding at the year end (2023: £12,138).
Jayne Bramhill, spouse of David Bramhill, received the sum of £12,000 (2023: £12,000) from the Company in  
respect of office management and administration costs. No amounts were outstanding at the year end (2023: £nil).
23	
EVENTS AFTER THE BALANCE SHEET DATE
The following events have taken place after the year end:
During January 2025, the Moccasin 1-13 well (Moccasin), located in Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma, USA was spudded 
and drilled to a Total Depth of 5,690 feet.
Moccasin penetrated the primary objective, the 1st Wilcox and two other secondary zones, the Bartlesville and Red  
Fork Sands.
Subsequently the 1st Wilcox was perforated and the formation flowed at an open hole rate equating to 621 barrels  
of oil per day.
Moccasin is now in test production under a restricted choke.
The Bartlesville and Red Fork sands await completion.

ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING
83
www.unionjackoil.com
Notice is hereby given that the Annual General Meeting  
(the “AGM”) of Union Jack Oil plc (the “Company”) will be 
held in the George White Suite at The Bristol Hotel, Prince 
Street, Bristol BS1 4QF on Friday 27 June 2025 at 11.00 a.m. 
to consider and, if thought fit, pass the following resolutions, 
of which resolutions numbered 1 to 9 will be proposed as 
ordinary resolutions and resolution numbered 10 will be 
proposed as a special resolution: 
ORDINARY RESOLUTIONS
1	 Report and accounts 
	
To receive the audited annual accounts of the Company 
for the year ended 31 December 2024, together with 
the Directors’ Report and the Auditor’s Report on those 
annual accounts. 
2 	Re-election of director 
	
To re-elect David Bramhill as a director of the Company
3 	Re-election of director 
	
To re-elect Joseph O’Farrell as a director of the Company
4 	Re-election of director 
	
To re-elect Graham Bull as a director of the Company
5 	Re-election of director 
	
To re-elect Craig Howie as a director of the Company
6	 Re-appointment of auditor 
	
To re-appoint Crowe U.K. LLP as auditor of the Company 
to hold office from the conclusion of this AGM until the 
conclusion of the next general meeting at which accounts  
are laid before the Company. 
7	 Auditor’s remuneration 
	
To authorise the directors to determine the remuneration  
of the auditor. 
8	 Directors’ authority to allot shares 
	
That, in substitution for any equivalent authorities and 
powers granted to the directors prior to the passing of 
this resolution, the directors be and they are generally and 
unconditionally authorised pursuant to section 551 of the 
Companies Act 2006 (the “Act”) to exercise all powers of 
the Company to allot shares in the Company, and to grant 
rights to subscribe for or to convert any security into 
shares in the Company (“Relevant Securities”), up to 
an aggregate nominal amount of £2,664,147 (representing 
approximately 50% of the issued share capital of the 
Company (excluding treasury shares) at the date of this 
notice) provided that, unless previously revoked, varied 
or extended, this authority shall expire on the conclusion 
of the next AGM of the Company, except that the 
Company may at any time before such expiry make an 
offer or agreement which would or might require Relevant 
Securities to be allotted after such expiry and the directors 
may allot Relevant Securities in pursuance of such an offer 
or agreement as if this authority had not expired. 
9 	Directors’ authority to repurchase shares 
	
That the Company be and is hereby unconditionally and 
generally authorised for the purposes of section 701 of 
the Act to make market purchases (within the meaning of 
section 693(4) of the Act) of its ordinary shares of 5 pence 
each (“Ordinary Shares”) provided that: 
(a) the maximum number of Ordinary Shares authorised  
to be purchased is 10,656,589; 
(b) the minimum price which may be paid for any such 
Ordinary Share is 5 pence; 
(c) the maximum price which may be paid for an Ordinary 
Share shall be the higher of: 
	
(i)	 105% of the average of the middle market quotations 
for an Ordinary Share derived from the London Stock 
Exchange Daily Official List for the five business days 
immediately prior to the day on which the share is 
contracted to be purchased, and 
	
(ii) 	 an amount equal to the higher of the price of: 
	
	
(A)	the last independent trade of an Ordinary Share; 	
	
and  
	
(B) the highest current independent bid for an 
Ordinary Share, as derived from the London Stock 
Exchange Trading System; and 
(d) this authority shall, unless previously renewed, revoked or 
varied, expire on the earlier of the date falling 15 months 
after the date of the passing of this resolution and the 
conclusion of the next Annual General Meeting, but the 
Company may enter into a contract for the purchase  
of Ordinary Shares before the expiry of this authority 
which would or might be completed (wholly or partly) 
after its expiry.
SPECIAL RESOLUTION
10	Directors’ power to issue shares for cash
	
That, conditional upon the passing of resolution 
numbered 8, the directors be and they are empowered 
pursuant to section 570(1) of the Act to allot equity 
securities (as defined in section 560(1) of the Act) of the 
Company, and/ or by way of a sale of treasury shares (in 
accordance with section 573 of the Act), wholly for cash 
pursuant to the authority of the directors under section 
551 of the Act conferred by resolution numbered 8 as if 
section 561(1) of the Act did not apply to such allotment 
provided that the power conferred by this resolution 
shall be limited to the allotment of equity securities 
up to an aggregate nominal value equal to £2,664,147 
(representing approximately 50% of the issued share 
capital of the Company (excluding treasury shares) at the 
date of this notice) and, unless previously revoked, varied 
or extended, this power shall expire on the conclusion of 
the next AGM of the Company, except that the Company 
may before the expiry of this power make an offer or 
agreement which would or might require equity securities 
to be allotted after such expiry and the directors may 
allot equity securities in pursuance of such an offer or 
agreement as if this power had not expired. 
By order of the Board 
Matthew Small 
Company Secretary 
Dated: 16 May 2025
Registered Office: 6 Charlotte Street, Bath BA1 2NE 
NOTICE OF ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING

84
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024
UNION JACK OIL PLC    
EXPLANATORY NOTES RELATING TO 
RESOLUTIONS
Resolution 1 - Report and accounts 
All public companies are required by law to lay their 
annual accounts before a general meeting of the Company, 
together with the directors’ reports and auditors’ report 
on the accounts. At the AGM, the directors will present 
these documents to the shareholders for the financial year 
ended 31 December 2024. 
Resolutions 2,3,4 and 5 - Re-election of directors 
The Company’s Articles require any director who has 
not been appointed or re-appointed at either of the two 
previous Annual General Meetings of the Company to 
retire from office at the following AGM. As permitted 
by the Articles, however, the board of directors has 
determined that each of the other directors as at the 
date of this AGM notice shall also retire from office at 
the AGM in line with best practice. Each of the directors 
intends to stand for re-election by the shareholders.
Resolutions 6 and 7 - Auditors 
Resolution 6 concerns the re-appointment of Crowe U.K. 
LLP as auditors until the conclusion of the next general 
meeting at which accounts are laid, that is, the next 
Annual General Meeting. 
Resolution 7 authorises the directors to fix the auditor’s 
remuneration. 
Resolution 8 – Directors’ authority to allot 
shares 
This resolution grants the directors authority to allot 
shares in the capital of the Company and other relevant 
securities up to an aggregate nominal value of £2,664,147, 
representing approximately 50% of the nominal value of 
the issued ordinary share capital of the Company (excluding 
treasury shares) as at the date of this AGM notice. Unless 
revoked, varied or extended, this authority will expire at 
the conclusion of the next AGM of the Company. 
Resolution 9 – Directors’ authority to 
repurchase shares
This resolution authorises the board to make market 
purchases of up to 10,656,589 ordinary shares 
(representing approximately 10% of the Company’s issued 
ordinary shares (excluding treasury shares) as at the 
date of this AGM notice). Shares so purchased may be 
cancelled or held as treasury shares. The authority will 
expire at the end of the next Annual General Meeting 
of the Company or 15 months from the passing of the 
resolution, whichever is the earlier. 
The minimum price that can be paid for an ordinary share 
is 5p being the nominal value of an ordinary share. The 
maximum price that can be paid is 5% over the average 
of the middle market prices for an ordinary share, derived 
from the Daily Official List of the London Stock Exchange, 
for the five business days immediately before the day on 
which the share is contracted to be purchased. 
Resolution 10 – Directors’ power to issue shares 
for cash 
This resolution authorises the directors to allot equity 
securities for cash other than in accordance with the 
statutory pre-emption rights (which require a company to 
offer all allotments for cash first to existing shareholders in 
proportion to their holdings). The authorisation is limited 
to a maximum nominal amount of £2,664,147, representing 
approximately 50% of the nominal value of the issued 
ordinary share capital of the Company (excluding treasury 
shares) as at the date of this AGM notice. Unless revoked, 
varied or extended, this authority will expire at the 
conclusion of the next AGM of the Company. 
The Company may hold any shares it buys back “in 
treasury” and then sell them at a later date for cash 
rather than simply cancelling them. Any such sales are 
required to be made on a pre-emptive, pro-rata basis 
to existing shareholders unless shareholders agree by 
special resolution to disapply such pre-emption rights. 
Accordingly, in addition to giving the directors power 
to allot unissued ordinary shares on a non pre-emptive 
basis, resolution 10 will also give directors power to sell 
ordinary shares held in treasury on a non pre-emptive 
basis, subject always to the limitations noted above. 
The directors consider that the power proposed to be 
granted by resolution 10 is necessary to retain financial 
flexibility. 
NOTICE OF ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING 

ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING
85
www.unionjackoil.com
NOTICE OF ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING
NOTES
1	 Pursuant to Regulation 41 of the Uncertificated 
Securities Regulations 2001 (as amended), only those 
members registered in the register of members of the 
Company at 6.00 p.m. on 25 June 2025 (or if the AGM 
is adjourned, 48 hours before the time fixed for the 
adjourned AGM) shall be entitled to attend and vote at 
the AGM in respect of the number of shares registered 
in their name at that time. In each case, changes to 
the register of members after such time shall be 
disregarded in determining the rights of any person to 
attend or vote at the AGM. 
2 	A member who is entitled to attend, speak and vote 
at the AGM may appoint a proxy to attend, speak and 
vote instead of them. A member may appoint more 
than one proxy provided each proxy is appointed 
to exercise rights attached to different shares (so a 
member must have more than one share to be able 
to appoint more than one proxy). A proxy need not 
be a member of the Company but must attend the 
AGM in order to represent you. A proxy must vote in 
accordance with any instructions given by the member 
by whom the proxy is appointed. Appointing a proxy 
will not prevent a member from attending in person 
and voting at the AGM (although voting in person at 
the AGM will terminate the proxy appointment). A 
proxy form is enclosed. The notes to the proxy form 
include instructions on how to appoint the Chairman 
of the AGM or another person as a proxy. You can 
only appoint a proxy using the procedures set out in 
these notes and in the notes to the proxy form. 
3	 To be valid, a Proxy Form, and the original or 
duly certified copy of the power of attorney or 
other authority (if any) under which it is signed or 
authenticated, should reach the Company’s registrar, 
Computershare Investor Services PLC of The Pavilions, 
Bridgwater Road, Bristol BS99 6ZY, by no later than 
11.00 a.m. on 25 June 2025. A proxy form which may 
be used to make such appointment and give proxy 
instructions accompanies this notice. If you  
do not have a proxy form and believe that you should 
have one, or if you require additional forms, please 
contact Computershare Investor Services PLC on  
0370 702 0000. 
4	 CREST members who wish to appoint a proxy 
or proxies through the CREST electronic proxy 
appointment service may do so for the AGM and any 
adjournment by using the procedures described in the 
CREST manual (euroclear.com/crest). CREST personal 
members or other CREST-sponsored members 
and those CREST members who have appointed a 
voting service provider should refer to their CREST 
sponsor or voting service provider, who will be able 
to take the appropriate action on their behalf. In 
order for a proxy appointment or instruction made 
using the CREST service to be valid, the appropriate 
CREST message (a CREST proxy instruction) 
must be properly authenticated in accordance 
with Euroclear’s specifications and must contain 
the information required for such instructions, as 
described in the CREST manual. All messages relating 
to the appointment of a proxy or an instruction to a 
previously appointed proxy must be transmitted so 
as to be received by Computershare (ID: 3RA50) by 
11.00 a.m. on 25 June 2025. It is the responsibility of 
the CREST member concerned to take such action 
as shall be necessary to ensure that a message is 
transmitted by means of the CREST system by any 
particular time. In this connection, CREST members 
and, where applicable, their CREST sponsors or voting 
service providers, are referred, in particular, to those 
sections of the CREST manual concerning practical 
limitations of the CREST system and timings. The 
Company may treat a CREST proxy instruction as 
invalid in the circumstances set out in Regulation 35(5) 
(a) of the Uncertificated Securities Regulations 2001. 
5	 In the case of joint holders of shares, the vote of the 
first named in the register of members who tenders a 
vote, whether in person or by proxy, shall be accepted 
to the exclusion of the votes of other joint holders.

86
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024
UNION JACK OIL PLC    
NOTICE OF ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING 
NOTES (CONTINUED)
6	 A member that is a company or other organisation not 
having a physical presence cannot attend in person but 
can appoint someone to represent it. This can be done 
in one of two ways: either by the appointment of a 
proxy (described in notes 2,3 and 4) or of a corporate 
representative. Members considering the appointment of 
a corporate representative should check their own legal 
position, the Company’s Articles of Association and the 
relevant provision of the Companies Act 2006. 
7	 Copies of the executive directors’ service contracts 
with the Company and letters of appointment of the 
non-executive directors are available for inspection at 
the registered office of the Company during the usual 
business hours on any weekday (Saturday, Sunday or 
public holidays excluded) from the date of this notice 
until the conclusion of the AGM.

ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING
87
www.unionjackoil.com

Union Jack Oil plc
6 Charlotte Street,  
Bath BA1 2NE,  
England
Telephone:	 +44 (0) 1225 428139 
Email: info@unionjackoil.com 
X: @unionjackoilplc 
Web: www.unionjackoil.com