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W W Grainger

gww · NYSE Industrials
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Ticker gww
Exchange NYSE
Sector Industrials
Industry Industrial - Distribution
Employees 10,000+
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FY2024 Annual Report · W W Grainger
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2024 Annual Report

About Us 
W.W. Grainger, Inc., is a leading broad line distributor with operations primarily in North America, Japan and  
the United Kingdom. At Grainger, We Keep The World Working
® by serving more than 4.5 million customers 
worldwide with products and solutions delivered through innovative technology and deep customer relationships. 
Known for its commitment to service and award-winning culture, the Company had 2024 revenue of $17.2 billion 
across its two business models. In the High-Touch Solutions segment, Grainger offers approximately 2 million 
maintenance, repair and operating (MRO) products and services, including technical support and inventory 
management. In the Endless Assortment segment, Zoro.com offers customers access to more than 14 million 
products, and MonotaRO.com offers more than 24 million products. For more information, visit www.grainger.com.
2024 Financial Summary
During the year, the Company continued to drive its strategy forward by remaining focused on what matters most—providing  
our customers with a great experience and exceptional service. The result of this focus helped the Company deliver strong  
results for 2024.
High-Touch  
Solutions N.A.
Endless  
Assortment
Other1
Total  
Company
Revenue
$13.7B
$3.1B
$0.4B
$17.2B
Reported sales growth
3.4%
7.5%
6.4%
4.2%
Daily, organic constant currency sales growth2 
3.2%
11.6%
2.7%
4.7%
Adjusted Operating Margin2
17.5%
8.3%
(2.2)%
15.5%
Adjusted ROIC2
­—
—
 —
41.6%
1 Grainger’s businesses reported in ‘Other’ do not meet the criteria of a reportable segment. Includes the Cromwell business in the U.K.
2 Reconciliations of the non-GAAP measures referenced in the table above to the most directly comparable GAAP measures are provided on page 83 of this report.
More than
26,000
team members
More than 
4.5 million
active customers
More than 
5,000
primary suppliers
>30 million 
products offered globally
$17.2 billion 
in sales in 2024
$1.6 billion 
returned to Grainger  
shareholders through  
dividends and  
share repurchases
53 
consecutive years of
dividend increases
Grainger’s common stock 
is listed on the New York 
Stock Exchange under 
the trading symbol
GWW

W.W. GRAINGER, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES   i
Our Purpose
Our Aspiration
Our Principles
We relentlessly expand our leadership position by being the go-to partner  
for people who build and run safe, sustainable and productive operations.
The following principles are at the heart of how we work–with one another,  
our customers, suppliers and communities.
Do the 
right thing
Compete with 
urgency
Act with 
intent
Start with the 
customer
Embrace
curiosity
Invest in our 
success
Win as 
one team
Our Strategy
High-Touch Solutions model
We deliver compelling value-added MRO  
solutions through our teams of specialists  
and curated digital experiences.
•  Advantaged MRO solutions
•  Differentiated sales and services
•  Unparalleled customer service
Endless Assortment model
We make business supply purchasing  
remarkably easy through a streamlined and  
transparent online relationship that provides  
access to everything a customer needs.
•  Expansive product assortment
•  Innovative customer acquisition  
	 and retention capabilities
SM
The Grainger Edge
®

W.W. GRAINGER, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES   ii 
Every day, millions of customers turn to Grainger for an exceptional  
experience. Thanks to more than 26,000 dedicated team members who live 
our purpose—We Keep The World Working
®—Grainger met and exceeded 
those expectations in 2024. I am immensely proud of our team’s relentless 
focus on what matters most: providing excellent service to our customers, 
making their jobs easier, and helping them save time and money.  
As a result, we achieved another strong year of profitable growth.
We saw notable share gains in our High-Touch Solutions segment and 
continued success in our Endless Assortment model, achieving the  
following results:
• 	Delivered reported sales growth of 4.2% (4.7% in daily, organic  
	 constant currency)
	 – Outgrew total U.S. MRO market by ~100 bps in High-Touch  
	 	 Solutions U.S. (~325 bps on a volume basis)
	 – Drove 11.6% revenue growth in daily, constant currency in  
	 	 Endless Assortment
•  Maintained strong adjusted operating margins of 15.5%
•  Produced adjusted ROIC of 41.6%
•  Generated strong operating cash flow of over $2.1 billion, returning  
	 $1.6 billion to shareholders through dividends and share repurchases
We are proud of what we’ve accomplished in 2024 and are excited  
to build on this momentum in 2025 as we continue to deliver value for  
our stakeholders.
Our world-class supply chain provides the foundation for delivering an 
exceptional customer experience. We continue to invest in our service 
capabilities, including breaking ground on a new distribution center (DC)  
in the Houston area. This, along with continued construction progress at our 
Pacific Northwest DC and increased building capacity through our strategically  
located bulk warehouses, will strengthen our service advantage for the  
future. We also continue to invest in automation to support throughput  
and durability in our buildings.
D.G. Macpherson
Chairman of the Board and  
Chief Executive Officer
Grainger Shareholders: 

W.W. GRAINGER, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES   iii
Over the past several years, we’ve made a concerted effort to develop 
proprietary software that strengthens our business. Whether leveraging our 
product and customer information assets or building platforms to support  
our efforts in inventory management, seller effectiveness or merchandising,  
our technology team works closely with our operating teams to execute 
intentional processes and systems. These investments will help us provide 
improved customer solutions in the coming years.
At the heart of our success is our purpose-driven culture. Grainger continues 
to be an employer of choice, earning notable workplace awards across North 
America and Panama. We are proud to have been ranked the top company 
across all industries on the American Opportunity Index, highlighting our 
commitment to providing growth opportunities for workers in non-college 
degree roles. These recognitions are a testament to our focus on being a 
workplace where every team member has the opportunity for a fulfilling career  
if they are willing to work hard and perform well.
I want to particularly recognize the Grainger team for their tireless efforts  
in supporting communities impacted by natural disasters. Fulfilling our  
purpose means standing by our customers during their times of greatest  
need. Our team has gone above and beyond this year, providing vital supplies 
and relief resources in the most challenging circumstances. Moving forward,  
we will continue working alongside our partners to support recovery efforts  
and ensure impacted communities have the resources they need.
While I truly believe the Grainger business and culture have never been 
stronger, we recognize there is always room to continuously improve our 
operations. We sincerely appreciate your support, trust and investment  
in Grainger. We remain focused on advancing the Grainger Edge
® to  
deliver tangible value for customers, strong results for shareholders and  
a meaningful experience for team members. 
D.G. Macpherson
Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer
February 20, 2025
“Every day, millions 
of customers turn 
to Grainger for an 
exceptional experience. 
Thanks to more than 
26,000 dedicated 
team members who 
live our purpose— 
We Keep The World 
Working
®—Grainger met 
and exceeded those 
expectations in 2024.”

W.W. GRAINGER, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES   iv   
Go-To-Market Business Models
To achieve our purpose, the Company operates under two business models that leverage our scale and supply chain 
to support customers of all types. Both the High-Touch Solutions and Endless Assortment models have unique value 
propositions that create a great customer experience. 
High-Touch Solutions
Endless Assortment 
Customer Type
Smaller customers with less complex 
operations/processes
Segment Value Proposition
Business purchasing made easy through a 
streamlined and transparent online relationship that 
provides access to everything a customer needs
Primary Geographies
Japan, USA
Continue executing strategic playbook
to drive strong profitable growth 
Leveraging industry-leading position and 
capabilities to gain share profitably 
Advantaged Data & Technology    |     Purpose-built Supply Chain    |     Highly-engaged Team Members
Improve
Profitability
Expand
Product
Assortment
Increase
Web Traffic
  
Increase
Purchase
Frequency
Attract New
Suppliers
Drive Sustained
Growth and
Profitability
1
2
3
4
5
Increase
Operating
Profit
Enhance
Customer MRO
Solutions
Deliver Great
Customer
Experience
Deepen
Customer
Relationships
Win New
Customers
& Contracts
Drive Profitable
Share Gain
1
2
3
4
5
Customer Type
Large to mid-size customers with highly complex 
operations/processes
Segment Value Proposition
Compelling value-added MRO solutions delivered 
through our team of specialists and curated 
digital experiences
Primary Geographies
North America
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

W.W. GRAINGER, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES   v
Focusing on What Matters
Creating a strong and sustainable business that does the right thing has guided Grainger for nearly 100 years.  
We believe that having a thoughtful approach aligned to our business can help build resilient processes, better  
serve customers and positively impact our team members, communities and the environment.
Awards and Recognition 
Grainger is honored to be recognized by influential publications and organizations as an industry leader, a responsible 
company and a top place to work.
From Fortune, ©2025 Fortune Media IP Limited. All rights reserved. Used under license. Fortune is a registered trademark and Fortune World’s Most Admired 
Companies™ is a trademark of Fortune Media IP Limited and are used under license. Fortune and Fortune Media IP Limited are not affiliated with, and do not  
endorse the products or services of W.W. Grainger, Inc.
The use by W.W. Grainger, Inc. of any MSCI ESG Research LLC or its affiliates (“MSCI”) data, and the use of MSCI logos, trademarks, service marks, or index names 
herein, do not constitute a sponsorship, endorsement, recommendation, or promotion of W.W. Grainger, Inc. by MSCI. MSCI Services and Data are the property of 
MSCI or its information providers, and are provided ‘as is’ and without warranty. MSCI names and logos are trademarks or service marks of MSCI.
Highlights
•	 In 2024, Grainger’s Occupational Safety and Health  
	
Administration (OSHA) Total Recordable Incident Rate  
	
in the U.S. was 1.3, and the company’s Lost Time  
	
Incident Rate in the U.S. was 0.5 based upon the  
	
number of incidents per 100 team members (or per  
	
200,000 working hours).
•	 All team members, as well as the Board of Directors,  
	
are required annually to certify Business Conduct  
	
Guidelines compliance. 
•	 Grainger offers sustainability solutions for our  
	
customers through a portfolio of Environmentally  
	
Preferable Products (EPPs), Other Sustainability  
	
Related Products (OSRPs), services and resources.
•	 Grainger works collaboratively with community partners  
	
through a combination of resources including in-kind  
	
donations, a nonprofit board placement program,  
	
team member volunteerism and our three-to-one  
	
Matching Gifts Program.
Dow Jones  
Best-in-Class  
Indices 


UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K 
(Mark One)
☒ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 
OR
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 
1934
For the transition period from ______ to _______
Commission file number 1-5684
W.W. Grainger, Inc. 
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Illinois
36-1150280
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
100 Grainger Parkway
Lake Forest, Illinois
60045-5201
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (847) 535-1000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each Class
Trading Symbol(s)
Name of Each Exchange on Which 
Registered
Common Stock
GWW
New York Stock Exchange
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes ☒No ☐
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. 
Yes ☐  No ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the 
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to
file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted 
pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period
that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller
reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” 
“smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large Accelerated Filer ☒  Accelerated Filer ☐   Non-accelerated Filer ☐   Smaller Reporting Company ☐ Emerging Growth 
Company ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period 
for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange 
Act.☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the 
effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C.
7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the 
registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐
 1

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that require a recovery analysis of incentive-
based compensation received by any of the registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to 
§2401.10D-1(b). ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes ☐  No ☒
The aggregate market value of the voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant was $40,147,032,828 as of the 
close of trading as reported on the New York Stock Exchange on June 30, 2024. The Company does not have nonvoting 
common equity. 
The registrant had 48,216,708 shares of the Company’s Common Stock outstanding as of February 14, 2025.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE 
Portions of the registrant's definitive proxy statement to be filed in connection with the annual meeting of shareholders to be 
held on April 30, 2025, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended 
December 31, 2024 (Form 10-K) where indicated. The registrant's definitive proxy statement will be filed with the Securities 
and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year to which this report relates. 
 2

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
PART I
Item 1:
BUSINESS
5
Item 1A:
RISK FACTORS
13
Item 1B:
UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
23 
Item 1C:
CYBERSECURITY
24
Item 2:
PROPERTIES
25
Item 3:
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
25
Item 4:
MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
25
PART II
Item 5:
MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED SHAREHOLDER
26
MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Item 6:
RESERVED
27
Item 7:
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL
28
CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Item 7A:
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
37
Item 8:
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
38
Item 9:
CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
66
ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
Item 9A:
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
66
Item 9B:
OTHER INFORMATION
68
Item 9C:
DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS
68
PART III
Item 10:
DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
69
Item 11:
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
69
Item 12:
SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND
69
RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
Item 13:
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS  AND DIRECTOR
69
INDEPENDENCE
Item 14:
PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
69
PART IV
Item 15:
EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
70
Item 16:
FORM 10-K SUMMARY
74
Signatures
75
 3

Forward-Looking Statements
From time to time in this Annual Report on Form 10-K as well as in other written reports, communications and verbal 
statements, Grainger (as defined below) makes forward-looking statements that are not historical in nature but 
concern forecasts of future results, business plans, analyses, prospects, strategies, objectives and other matters 
that may be deemed to be “forward-looking statements” under the federal securities laws. Forward-looking 
statements can generally be identified by their use of terms such as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “believe,” “expect,” 
“could,” “forecast,” “may,” “intend,” “plan,” “predict,” “project,” “will,” or “would,” and similar terms and phrases, 
including references to assumptions.
Grainger cannot guarantee that any forward-looking statement will be realized and achievement of future results is 
subject to risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond Grainger's control, which could cause Grainger's 
results to differ materially from those that are presented.
Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those presented or implied in the forward-
looking statements include, without limitation: inflation, higher product costs or other expenses, including operational 
and administrative expenses; a major loss of customers; loss or disruption of sources of supply; changes in 
customer or product mix; increased competitive pricing pressures; changes in third-party practices regarding digital 
advertising; failure to enter into or sustain contractual arrangements on a satisfactory basis with group purchasing 
organizations; failure to develop, manage or implement new technology initiatives or business strategies, including 
with respect to Grainger's eCommerce platforms and artificial intelligence; failure to adequately protect intellectual 
property or successfully defend against infringement claims; fluctuations or declines in Grainger's gross profit 
margin; Grainger's responses to market pressures; the outcome of pending and future litigation or governmental or 
regulatory proceedings, including with respect to wage and hour, anti-bribery and corruption, environmental, 
regulations related to advertising, marketing and the internet, consumer protection, pricing (including disaster or 
emergency declaration pricing statutes), product liability, compliance or safety, trade and export compliance, general 
commercial disputes, or privacy and cybersecurity matters; investigations, inquiries, audits and changes in laws and 
regulations; failure to comply with laws, regulations and standards, including new or stricter environmental laws or 
regulations; government contract matters; the impact of any government shutdown; disruption or breaches of 
information technology or data security systems involving Grainger or third parties on which Grainger depends; 
general industry, economic, market or political conditions; general global economic conditions including existing, 
new, or increased tariffs, trade issues and changes in trade policies, inflation, and interest rates; currency exchange 
rate fluctuations; market volatility, including price and trading volume volatility or price declines of Grainger's 
common stock; commodity price volatility; facilities disruptions or shutdowns; higher fuel costs or disruptions in 
transportation services; effects of outbreaks of pandemic disease or viral contagions, global conflicts, natural or 
human induced disasters, extreme weather, and other catastrophes or conditions; effects of climate change; failure 
to execute on our efforts and programs related to environmental, social and governance matters; competition for, or 
failure to attract, retain, train, motivate and develop executives and key team members; loss of key members of 
management or key team members; loss of operational flexibility and potential for work stoppages or slowdowns if 
team members unionize or join a collective bargaining arrangement; changes in effective tax rates; changes in 
credit ratings or outlook; Grainger's incurrence of indebtedness or failure to comply with restrictions and obligations 
under its debt agreements and instruments and other factors identified under Part I, Item 1A: Risk Factors and 
elsewhere in this Form 10-K. 
The preceding list is not intended to be an exhaustive list of all of the factors that could impact Grainger's forward-
looking statements. Given these risks and uncertainties, you are cautioned not to place undue reliance on 
Grainger's forward looking-statements and Grainger undertakes no obligation to update or revise any of its forward-
looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.
 4

PART I 
Item 1: Business 
W.W. Grainger, Inc., incorporated in the State of Illinois in 1928, is a broad line, distributor of maintenance, repair 
and operating (MRO) products and services with operations primarily in North America, Japan and the United 
Kingdom (U.K.). In this report, the words “Grainger” or “Company” mean W.W. Grainger, Inc. and its subsidiaries, 
except where the context makes it clear that the reference is only to W.W. Grainger, Inc. itself and not its 
subsidiaries.
For financial information regarding the Company, see the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes included in 
Part II, Item 8: Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Form 10-K.
The Grainger Edge
Grainger's strategic framework, “The Grainger Edge,” uniquely defines the Company by asserting why it exists, how 
it serves customers and how team members work together to achieve its objectives. Grainger’s purpose is We Keep 
the World Working®, which in turn allows customers to focus on the core of their businesses and do what they do 
best. 
This framework also outlines a set of principles that define the behaviors expected from Grainger’s team members 
in working with each other and the Company's customers, suppliers and communities as Grainger executes its 
strategy and creates value for shareholders. For further information on the Company's principles, see below 
"Human Capital - Workplace Practices and Policies."
General
Grainger's two reportable segments are High-Touch Solutions North America (High-Touch Solutions N.A.) and 
Endless Assortment. These reportable segments align with Grainger's go-to-market strategies and bifurcated 
business models of high-touch solutions and endless assortment. For further segment information, see Part II, Item 
7: Management’s Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and Note 12 of 
the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8: Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of 
this Form 10-K.
Below is a description of Grainger’s reportable segments and other businesses. 
High-Touch Solutions N.A. 
The Company's High-Touch Solutions N.A. segment provides value-added MRO solutions that are rooted in deep 
product knowledge and customer expertise. The high-touch solutions model serves customers with complex buying 
needs. This segment primarily includes the Grainger-branded businesses in the United States (U.S.), Canada, 
Mexico and Puerto Rico.
Endless Assortment 
The Company’s Endless Assortment segment provides a streamlined and transparent online platform with one-stop 
shopping for millions of products. The Endless Assortment segment includes the Company’s Zoro Tools, Inc. (Zoro) 
and MonotaRO Co., Ltd. (MonotaRO) online channels which operate predominately in the U.S. and Japan.
Other
Other businesses is primarily comprised of the Company's Cromwell business in the U.K. and a wholly owned 
captive insurance entity. These businesses individually and in the aggregate do not meet the criteria of a reportable 
segment.
 5

Business Models
Competing with both high-touch solutions and endless assortment business models allows Grainger to leverage its 
scale and advantaged supply chain to meet the changing needs of its customers. The following provides a high-
level view of the Company's business models:
 6

Customers
The Company uses a combination of its two business models to serve its more than 4.5 million customers 
worldwide which rely on Grainger for products and services that enable them to run safe, sustainable and 
productive operations. Grainger’s customers range from smaller businesses to large corporations, government 
entities and other institutions, representing a broad collection of industries, including, but not limited to commercial, 
healthcare, and manufacturing. No single end customer accounted for more than 10% of total sales for the year 
ended December 31, 2024. 
In the High-Touch Solutions N.A. segment, customers are typically mid-size and large businesses with complex 
purchasing operations and processes. Many customers served in this segment expect product and service depth 
and are focused on total cost of procurement. Customers in this segment utilize sophisticated electronic purchasing 
platforms that communicate directly with Grainger.com through eProcurement technology. Sales and service 
representatives drive relationships with customers by helping select the right products and reducing costs by 
utilizing Grainger as a consistent source of supply. KeepStock®, Grainger's inventory management solution, serves 
customers on site, offering valuable insights to drive efficiencies and cost savings. The North American Customer 
Service Centers handle customer interactions for the region via phone, email, eCommerce portals and online chat. 
In the Endless Assortment segment, customers are typically smaller and mid-size businesses with less complex 
purchasing operations and processes. Customers served in this segment have straight-forward product and service 
needs. Additionally, MonotaRO continues to attract and retain large enterprise customers. Customers purchasing 
through the endless assortment platforms are focused on transparent pricing and an easy-to-navigate procurement 
process. MonotaRO and Zoro offer an innovative customer experience by allowing customers to quickly find 
competitively priced products through intuitive business-focused eCommerce platforms with intelligent analytic 
capabilities.
Products and Services
Grainger’s product offering is grouped under several broad categories, including safety and security, material 
handling and storage, pumps and plumbing equipment, cleaning and maintenance, metalworking and hand tools. 
Products are regularly added and removed from Grainger's product lines based on customer demand, market 
research, suppliers' recommendations and other factors. No single product category comprised more than 20% of 
the Company's sales for the year ended December 31, 2024.
In the High-Touch Solutions N.A. segment, Grainger.com provides real-time price and product availability, detailed 
product information and features, such as product search and compare capabilities. The high-touch solutions 
businesses offer approximately 2 million products and several services, such as technical support and inventory 
management.
In the Endless Assortment segment, Grainger offers an expansive product assortment that contains millions of 
products including those outside of traditional industrial MRO categories. Zoro offers more than 14 million products 
and MonotaRO provides access to more than 24 million products, primarily through its websites and catalogs. The 
endless assortment businesses continue to enhance assortment by strategically adding products and expanding the 
offer of third party held products.
Distribution and Sources of Supply
In the large and fragmented MRO industry, Grainger holds an advantaged position with its supply chain 
infrastructure and a broad in-stock product offering. More than 5,000 primary suppliers worldwide provide Grainger 
businesses with more than 1.4 million products stocked in Distribution Centers (DCs) and branches globally. No 
single supplier comprised more than 5% of Grainger's total purchases for the year ended December 31, 2024. 
In the High-Touch Solutions N.A. segment, DCs are the primary order fulfillment channel, mainly through direct 
shipments to customers. Automation in the DCs allows orders to ship complete with next-day delivery and also 
replenish branches that provide same-day availability to customers. Grainger’s North American distribution network 
supplies inventory planning and management, transportation and distribution services to all Grainger businesses in 
the North American region. Branches serve the immediate needs of customers by allowing them to directly pick up 
items and leverage branch staff for their technical product expertise and search-and-select support. Additionally, 
 7

Grainger offers comprehensive inventory management through its KeepStock® program that includes vendor-
managed inventory, customer-managed inventory and onsite vending machines.
In the Endless Assortment segment, orders are placed primarily through online channels. Zoro leverages the High-
Touch Solution N.A.'s DC network and third-party drop shipments to deliver seamless service and product fulfillment 
to customers. MonotaRO fulfills customer orders through local DCs and third-party drop shipments.
For further information on the Company’s properties, see Part I, Item 2: Properties of this Form 10-K.
Trademarks and Service Marks 
Grainger conducts business under various trademarks and service marks. Approximately 20% of 2024 sales were 
private label MRO items bearing Grainger’s registered trademarks, including DAYTON®, GRAINGER®, 
CONDOR®, WESTWARD®, TOUGH GUY®, SPEEDAIRE®, LUMAPRO®, and AIR HANDLER®. Grainger also 
provides a suite of inventory services to its customers under the KEEPSTOCK® brand, which is a registered service 
mark. Grainger has taken steps to protect these service marks and trademarks against infringement and believes 
they will remain available for future use in its business.
Seasonality
Grainger sells products that may have seasonal demand fluctuations during the winter or summer seasons or during 
periods of natural disasters. However, historical seasonality impacts have not been material to Grainger’s operating 
results.
Competition
Grainger faces competition from a variety of competitors, including manufacturers (including some of its own 
suppliers) that sell directly to certain segments of the market, wholesale distributors, retailers and internet-based 
businesses. Also, competitors vary by size, from large broad line distributors and eCommerce retailers to small local 
and regional competitors. Grainger differentiates itself by providing local product availability, a broad product line, 
sales and service representatives and advanced electronic and eCommerce technology. Grainger also offers other 
services, such as inventory management and technical support. 
Government Regulations
Grainger’s business is subject to a wide array of laws, regulations and standards in each domestic and foreign 
jurisdiction where Grainger operates. In addition to Grainger’s U.S. based operations, which in 2024 generated 
approximately 82% of its consolidated net sales, Grainger operates its business principally through wholly owned 
subsidiaries in Canada, Mexico and the U.K., and through its majority-owned subsidiary in Japan. Compliance with 
these laws, regulations and standards requires the dedication of time and effort of team members as well as 
financial resources. In 2024, compliance with the applicable laws, regulations and standards did not have a material 
effect on capital expenditures, earnings or competitive position. See Part I, Item 1A: Risk Factors of this Form 10-K 
for a discussion of the risks associated with government regulations that may materially impact Grainger.
Human Capital
The Company strongly believes that its corporate culture must be aligned with its business strategy and aspiration 
to create value. To that end, Grainger's Board of Directors (the Board) and senior management are actively involved 
in cultivating Grainger’s culture. The Compensation Committee of the Board, which is comprised of independent 
directors, oversees the Company's human capital management programs and policies and routinely provides 
updates to the Board.  
Grainger believes that a purpose-driven culture is an asset that creates a sustainable, competitive advantage for the 
Company. Building on its strong foundation while evolving a framework to address the future is critical to Grainger’s 
continued success. Grainger has been consistently recognized for its commitment to its culture, an inclusive 
workplace and team member engagement.
Team Member Profile
As of December 31, 2024, Grainger had more than 26,000 team members worldwide, of whom approximately 
23,500 were full-time and 3,000 were part-time or temporary. Approximately 85% of these team members are 
located in North America, 9% in Asia and 6% in Europe.
 8

Workplace Practices and Policies
The Company's strategic framework, The Grainger Edge, outlines a set of principles that define the behaviors 
expected from Grainger’s team members in working with each other and the Company's customers, suppliers and 
communities. This framework helps the Company execute its strategy and create value for shareholders.
The Grainger Edge principles work as a system and guide the Company’s actions supporting health and safety, an 
inclusive workplace, and team member experience, including talent acquisition, retention, development and 
compensation and benefits. The Grainger Edge principles are:
•
Start with the Customer
•
Win as One Team
•
Embrace Curiosity
•
Invest in our Success
•
Act with Intent
•
Do the Right Thing
•
Compete with Urgency
Grainger’s purpose-driven culture and principles help the Company attract, retain, motivate and develop its 
workforce and drive team member engagement. The Company believes an engaged workforce leads to a more 
innovative, productive and profitable company and measures team member engagement on an ongoing basis. The 
results from engagement surveys are used to inform programs and processes designed and implemented to 
enhance the culture Grainger aspires to achieve. 
Health and Safety
Grainger strives to provide a safe work environment in which team members are properly prepared to perform the 
many tasks required to support customers. The Company’s Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) program is 
designed to integrate EHS into Grainger’s business operations and comply with applicable regulations. To that end, 
the Company requires each of its locations to perform regular safety audits to confirm proper safety policies, 
programs and procedures. 
The Company is focused on promoting a culture of safety and education. Operational team members must 
complete routine training to fully understand the expectation of behaviors defined by the Company’s global EHS 
policy. Managing and reducing risks at DCs and other facilities remain a core objective and injury rates continue to 
be low. In 2024, the Company’s Occupational Safety and Health Administration Total Recordable Incident Rate in 
the U.S. was 1.3 and the Company’s Lost Time Incident Rate in the U.S. was 0.5 based upon the number of 
incidents per 100 team members (or per 200,000 work hours). 
Inclusive Workplace
Grainger believes a broad talent pool is essential to live its principles, foster innovation, build high-performing teams 
and drive business results. The Company understands that future business success requires a mix of current and 
new skill sets, multiple experiences, and a broad array of backgrounds and perspectives, and strives to reflect this 
in its hiring, retention and promotion practices. The Company aspires to increasingly promote a welcoming, 
inclusive culture that values all people.
Grainger's commitment to inclusion applies throughout the organization.  As of December 31, 2024, the Company’s 
Board of Directors is comprised of approximately 31% female and 23% racially and ethnically diverse directors. 
Grainger also maintains this commitment with the executive leadership teams. Grainger's global executive 
leadership team is comprised of approximately 33% women leaders. The U.S. based executive leadership team is 
comprised of approximately 27% racially and ethnically diverse leaders. Within Grainger’s global workforce, 
approximately 42% of team members were women and approximately 39% of U.S. team members were racially and 
ethnically diverse. 
Talent Acquisition, Retention and Development
Grainger believes that a great customer experience starts with a great team member experience. The Company is 
committed to providing team members with resources designed to help them succeed. Grainger focuses on creating 
opportunities for team member growth, development and training, including offering a comprehensive talent 
program that continues throughout a team member’s career. This talent program is comprised of performance 
 9

management, career management, professional development learning opportunities and milestone leadership 
development programs.
Compensation and Benefits
Grainger believes that its future success is highly dependent upon the Company’s continued ability to attract, retain 
and motivate team members. As part of its efforts in these areas, the Company offers competitive compensation 
and benefits to meet the needs of team members and support their physical and mental health and well-being, 
financial future and work-life balance. Team members are given access to health plan resources which include 24-
hour virtual health services, disease management, tobacco cessation, parental support, stress management and 
weight loss programs with access to online support communities. In addition, Grainger provides retirement savings, 
paid holidays and time off, educational assistance and income protection benefits as well as a variety of other 
programs.
Available Information
Grainger's annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and all 
amendments to reports filed pursuant to Sections 13(a) and 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as 
amended (the Exchange Act), are filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Such reports and 
other information filed with the SEC are available free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable after these 
materials are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC, on the Company's website at www.grainger.com, and 
its investor relations website, invest.grainger.com. This includes press releases and other information about 
financial performance, information on environmental, social and governance matters, and details related to the 
Company’s annual meeting of shareholders. The content of the Company's website and investor relations website is 
not incorporated by reference into this Form 10-K or in any other report or document filed with the SEC, and any 
references to Grainger’s website and investor relations website are intended to be inactive textual references only. 
The SEC also maintains a website at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements and 
other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC.
 10

Information about Executive Officers
Following is information about the executive officers of Grainger, including age, as of January 31, 2025. Executive 
officers of Grainger generally serve until the next annual appointment of officers, or until earlier resignation or 
removal.
Name and Age
Positions and Offices Held and Principal Occupation and Employment
Nancy L. Berardinelli-Krantz (47) Senior Vice President and Chief Legal Officer since January 2023. Ms. 
Berardinelli-Krantz previously served as Senior Vice President and Deputy Chief 
Legal Officer at Eaton Corporation (Eaton), a power management company, 
from June 2022 to December 2022. Prior to being promoted to that role, she 
held a variety of senior leadership roles at Eaton. Ms. Berardinelli-Krantz served 
in senior leadership positions at The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, a 
multinational tire manufacturer, and worked at Jones Day, an international law 
firm. Ms. Berardinelli-Krantz is a veteran of the United States Army and Judge 
Advocate General’s Corps, where she served as a trial attorney in Fort Hood, 
Texas, and for the Contract Appeals Division in Washington, D.C. She also 
served as a trial defense counsel in Baghdad, Iraq.
Jonny LeRoy (53)
Senior Vice President and Chief Technology Officer since April 2020. Mr. LeRoy 
previously served as Head of Technology for North America for ThoughtWorks, a 
technology consultancy, from 2013 to March 2020. Prior to being promoted to 
Head of Technology for North America, Mr. LeRoy held roles of increasing 
responsibility at ThoughtWorks. Prior to joining ThoughtWorks, Mr. LeRoy was a 
founder and Chief Technology Officer of Whatsonwhen, an online travel 
information company.
D.G. Macpherson (57)
Chairman of the Board, since October 2017 and Chief Executive Officer since 
October 2016 at which time he was also appointed to the Board of Directors. Mr. 
Macpherson previously served as Chief Operating Officer from August 2015 to 
September 2016, Senior Vice President and Group President, Global Supply 
Chain and International from September 2013 to July 2015, Senior Vice 
President and President, Global Supply Chain and Corporate Strategy from 
January 2012 to August 2013, and Senior Vice President, Global Supply Chain 
from November 2008 to December 2011. Prior to Grainger, Mr. Macpherson 
served as Partner and Managing Director at Boston Consulting Group, a global 
management consulting firm.
Deidra C. Merriwether (56)
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, since January 2021. Ms. 
Merriwether previously served as Senior Vice President, and President, North 
American Sales & Services, from November 2019 to December 2020, Senior 
Vice President, U.S. Direct Sales and Strategic Initiatives, from September 2017 
to November 2019, Vice President, Pricing and Indirect Procurement from April 
2016 to August 2017 and Vice President in Finance from 2013 to 2016. Prior to 
Grainger, Ms. Merriwether held various positions of increasing responsibility at 
Sears Holdings Corporation, a broadline retailer, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, 
a global professional services firm, and Eli Lilly & Company, a global 
pharmaceutical company.
Paige K. Robbins (56)
Senior Vice President and President, Grainger Business Unit since January 
2021. Ms. Robbins previously served as Senior Vice President and Chief 
Technology, Merchandising, Marketing, Strategy Officer from November 2019 to 
December 2020, Senior Vice President and Chief Merchandising, Marketing, 
Digital, Strategy Officer from May 2019 to October 2019, Senior Vice President 
and Chief Digital Officer from September 2017 to April 2019, Senior Vice 
President, Global Supply Chain, Branch Network, Contact Centers and 
Corporate Strategy from November 2016 to August 2017 and various other 
positions since joining Grainger in September 2010. Prior to Grainger, Ms. 
Robbins served as Partner and Managing Director at Boston Consulting Group, 
a global management consulting firm. 
 11

Laurie R. Thomson (51)
Vice President, Controller and principal accounting officer since May 2021. Ms. 
Thomson previously served as Vice President, Internal Audit and Finance 
Continuous Improvement from November 2019 to April 2021, Vice President, 
Internal Audit from October 2016 to November 2019, as Senior Director, Finance 
from June 2011 to September 2016, and Director, Internal Audit from February 
2008 to June 2011.  Prior to Grainger, Ms. Thomson served as Director, Internal 
Audit at CVS Health Corporation, a pharmacy healthcare provider, and Audit 
Manager at Arthur Andersen LLP, a professional services firm. Ms. Thomson is a 
certified public accountant.
 12

Item 1A: Risk Factors
The following represents a discussion of risk factors relevant to Grainger’s business that could adversely affect its 
financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, along with the accuracy of forward-looking statements. 
The risks included below are not exhaustive. As Grainger operates in a rapidly changing environment, it is not 
possible for management to predict all risks and the corresponding impact of each such risk or a combination of 
risks. The presented risks and any new risks could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in 
any forward-looking statements. The risk factors discussed in this section should be considered together with 
information included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and should not be considered the only risks to 
which Grainger is exposed.
Industry and Market Risks
Inflation could cause Grainger's operating and administrative expenses to grow more rapidly than net 
sales, which could result in lower gross margins and lower net earnings.
Market variables, such as inflation of product costs, labor rates, fuel, freight and energy costs, as well as geopolitical 
events, could negatively impact Grainger's ability to effectively manage its operating and administrative expenses. 
For example, geopolitical conflicts and related international responses have and may continue to exacerbate 
inflationary pressures, including increases in fuel and other energy costs. Additionally, climate-related policies, 
carbon pricing mechanisms, and regulations aimed at reducing emissions may increase energy and raw material 
costs, which could put additional pressure on Grainger’s margins. Inflation may also reduce demand for products, 
resulting in lower sales volumes. In addition, Grainger's inability to pass on increases in costs to customers in a 
timely manner, or at all, could cause Grainger's operating and administrative expenses to grow more rapidly than 
net sales, which could result in lower gross profit margins and lower net earnings.
Disruptions in Grainger’s supply chain could result in an adverse impact on results of operations.
Grainger’s logistics or supply chain network could be disrupted by the occurrence of: one or more natural or 
weather-related disasters, including earthquakes, tsunamis, storms, hurricanes, floods, fires, droughts, tornados 
and other extreme weather events or conditions; longer-term climate shifts that affect transportation infrastructure or 
material availability; pandemic diseases or viral contagions; geopolitical events, such as war, civil unrest or terrorist 
attacks in a country in which Grainger operates or in which its suppliers are located; disruptions to transportation 
infrastructure and networks, including from transport providers or third-party work stoppages related to labor strikes 
or lockouts; and the imposition of measures that create barriers to or increases in costs associated with international 
trade. 
Even when Grainger is able to find alternate sources for certain products, they may cost more or require Grainger to 
incur higher transportation costs, which could adversely impact Grainger's profitability and financial condition. For 
example, disruptions to global transportation networks, such as rising sea levels impacting ports or extreme weather 
damaging logistics hubs, could increase delays and costs. Any of these circumstances could impair Grainger's 
ability to meet customer demand for products and result in lost sales, increased supply chain costs, penalties or 
damage to Grainger's reputation. Grainger’s ability to provide same-day shipping and next-day delivery is an 
integral component of Grainger’s business strategy and any such disruption could adversely impact results of 
operations and financial performance.
Further escalation of geopolitical tensions across the world and potential actions taken in response to them could 
have a broad impact on markets where Grainger does business, adversely affect its suppliers and disrupt the 
sourcing, manufacturing and transportation of products. It is not possible to predict whether certain geopolitical 
events which could adversely affect Grainger's business will occur, or the broader consequences of these events if 
they did occur, which could include further instability, geopolitical shifts and adverse effects on the global economy 
or possible sanctions, embargoes or other trade barriers.
Weakness in the economy, market trends and other conditions affecting the profitability and financial 
stability of Grainger’s customers could negatively impact Grainger’s sales growth and results of 
operations.
Economic, political and industry trends affect Grainger’s business environment. Grainger serves several industries 
and markets in which the demand for its products and services is sensitive to the production activity, capital 
spending and demand for products and services of Grainger’s customers. Many of these customers operate in 
markets that are subject to fluctuations resulting from market uncertainty, trade and tariff policies, costs of goods 
 13

sold, currency exchange rates, interest rate fluctuations, government spending and government shutdowns, 
economic downturns, recessions, foreign competition, offshoring of production, oil and natural gas prices, 
geopolitical developments, labor shortages, work stoppages, natural or human induced disasters, extreme weather, 
outbreaks of pandemic disease, inflation, deflation, and a variety of other factors beyond Grainger’s control. Any of 
these factors could cause customers to idle or close facilities, delay purchases, reduce production levels, or 
experience reductions in the demand for their own products or services.
Any of these events could also reduce the volume of products and services these customers purchase from 
Grainger or impair the ability of Grainger’s customers to make full and timely payments and could cause increased 
pressure on Grainger’s pricing and terms of sale. Accordingly, a significant or prolonged slowdown in economic 
activity in Canada, Japan, Mexico, the U.K., the U.S. or any other major world economy, or a segment of any such 
economy, could negatively impact Grainger’s sales and results of operations.
Unexpected product shortages, tariffs, product cost increases and risks associated with Grainger’s 
suppliers could negatively impact customer relationships or result in an adverse impact on results of 
operations.
Grainger's products are purchased from more than 5,000 primary suppliers located in various countries around the 
world, not one of which accounted for more than 5% of total purchases. 
Disruptions in procuring sources of supply could occur due to factors beyond Grainger’s control. These factors could 
include economic downturns, recessions, outbreaks of pandemic disease, natural or human induced disasters, 
cybersecurity attacks, extreme weather, geopolitical unrest, new, threatened or increased tariffs, trade issues and 
policies, detention orders or withhold release orders on imported products, labor problems or shortages experienced 
by Grainger’s suppliers or others in the supply chain, transportation availability, staffing and cost, shortage of raw 
materials, supplier consolidation, unilateral product cost increases by suppliers of products in short supply, inflation 
and other factors, any of which could adversely affect a supplier’s ability to manufacture or deliver products or could 
result in an increase in Grainger’s product costs.
Further, Grainger sources products from Asia and other areas of the world. This increases the risk of supply 
disruption due to the additional lead time required, distances involved, and the range of potential consequences of 
various geopolitical risks. If Grainger was unable to promptly replace sources of supply that become disrupted, there 
could be adverse effects on inventory levels, results of operations, customer relationships and Grainger’s 
reputation. In addition, Grainger has strategic relationships with a number of vendors. In the event Grainger was 
unable to maintain those relations, there might be a loss of competitive pricing arrangements which could, in turn, 
adversely affect results of operations.
For products sold in the U.S., Canada, and Mexico, Grainger requires its suppliers and sub-suppliers, to comply 
with Grainger’s Supplier Code of Ethics, or other similar responsible sourcing standards, as a condition of doing 
business with Grainger. Grainger’s Supplier Code of Ethics focuses on four main areas of ethical sourcing: (i) 
human rights and labor standards (including prohibitions on child and forced labor); (ii) environment, health and 
safety; (iii) sanctions, trade, bribery and corruption; and (iv) privacy and information security. The Code also 
addresses how to report potential Code violations and related concerns. Grainger does not control its suppliers and 
their sub-suppliers, and neither Grainger nor its suppliers or other partners may be able to uncover all instances of 
noncompliance with Grainger’s Supplier Code of Ethics and ethical and lawful business practices. Even an isolated 
incident, or the aggregate effect of individually insignificant incidents, can erode trust and confidence, particularly if 
they result in adverse publicity, governmental investigations, product recalls, or litigation, and as a result, could 
tarnish Grainger’s brand and lead to adverse effects on Grainger’s business. 
Volatility in commodity prices may adversely affect gross margins.
Some of Grainger’s products contain significant amounts of commodity-priced materials, such as steel, copper, 
petroleum derivatives, rare earth minerals, or other materials or inputs required to manufacture certain products and 
are subject to price changes based on fluctuations in the commodities market. Certain policies, including carbon 
pricing, emissions trading systems, and regulations limiting industrial emissions, may further contribute to cost 
fluctuations for fuel, energy, and raw materials.
Further changes in U.S. trade policy (including new or additional increases in duties or tariffs) and retaliatory actions 
by U.S. trade partners could result in a worsening of economic conditions. The level of demand for Grainger's 
products and services is influenced in multiple ways by the price and availability of raw materials and commodities, 
including fuel. For example, climate-related regulations on transportation emissions could increase fuel costs, 
 14

thereby impacting the cost of product distribution. Fluctuations in the price of fuel or increased demand for freight 
services could affect transportation costs. Grainger’s ability to pass on such increases in costs in a timely manner 
depends on market conditions. The inability to pass along cost increases could result in lower gross margins. In 
addition, higher prices could reduce demand for these products, resulting in lower sales volumes. 
Fluctuations in foreign currency could have an effect on reported results of operations.
Grainger’s exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency rates results primarily from the translation exposure 
associated with the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements, as well as from transactions in currencies 
other than an entity’s functional currency. While the Consolidated Financial Statements are reported in U.S. dollars, 
the Financial Statements of Grainger’s subsidiaries outside the U.S. are prepared using the local currency as the 
functional currency and translated into U.S. dollars. In addition, Grainger is exposed to foreign currency exchange 
rate risk with respect to the U.S. dollar relative to the local currencies of Grainger’s international subsidiaries, 
primarily the Japanese yen, Mexican peso, Canadian dollar, and British pound sterling, arising from transactions in 
the normal course of business, such as sales and loans to wholly owned subsidiaries, sales to customers, 
purchases from suppliers, and bank loans and lines of credit denominated in foreign currencies. The foreign 
currency exchange rate is driven by a variety of macroeconomic factors and fiscal decisions of various governments 
and central banks, all over which Grainger has no control. Grainger also has foreign currency exposure to the extent 
receipts and expenditures are not denominated in a subsidiary’s functional currency and that could have an impact 
on sales, costs and cash flows. These fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates have affected and may 
continue to affect Grainger’s results of operations and impact reported net sales and net earnings.
The facilities maintenance industry is highly competitive, and changes in competition and other risks could 
increase our costs, impact demand for Grainger’s products and services or impact the profitability of our 
business.
Grainger competes in a variety of ways, including product assortment and availability, services offered to customers, 
pricing, purchasing convenience and the overall experience Grainger offers. This includes the ease of use of 
Grainger’s high-touch operations, eCommerce platforms and delivery of products.
There are several large competitors in the industry, as well as small local and regional competitors. Grainger faces 
competition from manufacturers (including some of its own suppliers) that sell directly to customers, wholesale 
distributors, catalog houses, retail enterprises and online businesses.
To remain competitive, Grainger must be willing and able to respond to market pressures. Downward pressure on 
sales prices, changes in the volume of orders, and an inability to pass higher product costs on to customers could 
cause Grainger’s gross profit percentage to fluctuate or decline. Grainger may not be able to pass rising product 
costs to customers if those customers have ready product or supplier alternatives in the marketplace. These 
pressures could have a material effect on Grainger’s sales and profitability. 
To manage these potential pressures, Grainger continuously considers the adoption of new operating initiatives, 
including new marketing programs, productivity improvements, inventory management and loss prevention 
initiatives, practical applications of artificial intelligence (AI) and other similar strategies. If Grainger is unable to 
sustain or grow sales, reduce costs, and prevent loss and fraud, among other actions, Grainger's results of 
operations and financial condition may be adversely affected.
Moreover, Grainger expects technological advancements, innovations and the increased use of eCommerce 
solutions within the industry to continue to evolve at a rapid pace. As a result, Grainger’s ability to effectively 
compete requires Grainger to respond and adapt to new industry trends and developments. Developing, upgrading, 
managing or implementing new technologies, including AI, business applications, strategies and innovations may 
require significant investment of resources by Grainger, may result in unexpected costs and disruptions to 
operations, may take longer than expected, may increase Grainger's vulnerability to cyber breaches, attacks or 
intrusions, and may not provide all anticipated benefits.
Changes in customer base or product mix could cause changes in Grainger’s revenue or gross margin, or 
affect Grainger’s competitive position.
From time to time, Grainger experiences changes in its customer base and product mix that affect gross margin. 
Changes in customer base and product mix result primarily from business acquisitions and divestitures, changes in 
customer demand, customer acquisitions, selling and marketing activities, competition and the increased use of 
eCommerce by Grainger and its competitors.
 15

In addition, Grainger has entered, and may in the future continue to enter, into contracts with group purchasing 
organizations (GPOs) that aggregate the buying power of their member customers in negotiating selling prices. If 
Grainger is unable to enter into, or sustain, contractual arrangements on a satisfactory commercial basis with 
GPOs, Grainger's results of operations could be adversely affected.
As its customer base and product mix change over time, Grainger must identify new products, product lines and 
services that respond to industry trends and customer needs. The inability to introduce new products and services 
and effectively integrate them into Grainger’s existing assortment could have a negative impact on future sales 
growth and Grainger’s competitive position. The inclusion of Grainger-branded products in the product assortment 
could subject Grainger to increased claims and litigation activity. In addition, any insurance or indemnification rights, 
including against the manufacturer of such products, may be insufficient or unavailable to protect Grainger against 
potential loss exposures.
Grainger’s common stock may be subject to volatility or price declines.
The trading prices and volumes of Grainger’s common stock may be subject to broad and unpredictable fluctuations 
due to changes in economic, political and market conditions, the financial results and business strategies of 
Grainger and its competitors, changes in expectations as to Grainger’s future financial or operating performance, 
including estimates by securities analysts and investors, Grainger’s failure to meet the financial performance 
guidance or other forward-looking statements provided to the public, speculation, coverage or sentiment in the 
media or investment community or by groups of individual investors, changes in capital structure, share 
repurchases or dividends, economic decline, political unrest or geopolitical conflict, outbreak of pandemic disease, 
and a number of other factors, including those discussed in this Item 1A. These factors, many of which are outside 
of Grainger’s control, could cause stock price and trading volume volatility or Grainger’s stock price to decline. 
Volatility in the price of Grainger's securities could result in the filing of securities class action litigation, which could 
result in substantial costs and the diversion of management time and resources.
Grainger has a controlling ownership interest in MonotaRO, which is listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE). 
MonotaRO's disclosure and reporting obligations under TSE listing requirements and Japanese securities laws, 
including the timing of such obligations, may vary from Grainger's obligations under New York Stock Exchange 
listing requirements and U.S. securities laws. MonotaRO's listed securities may be subject to the same volatility, 
price and securities litigation risks to which Grainger's common stock is subject.
Operational Risks
The growth of Grainger’s eCommerce platforms exposes Grainger to additional risks which could adversely 
affect Grainger’s reputation, financial condition and operating results. 
The successful execution of Grainger’s eCommerce growth strategy depends on a number of factors, including 
Grainger’s investment in its eCommerce platforms, consumer preferences and purchasing trends, and the ability to 
deliver a seamless procurement experience across digital and also physical retail channels. As its eCommerce 
platforms have grown in recent years, Grainger has increased, and expects to continue to increase, its investments 
in developing, managing and implementing technology information systems, software development and other 
capabilities to provide simplified customer interactions and to provide high-quality, user-friendly service to its 
customers and streamline customer interactions. Grainger has also made significant investments in digital 
advertising and customer acquisition and retention efforts for its eCommerce channels, including through paid and 
non-paid advertising such as display advertising, search engine optimization, email and mobile “push” notifications. 
If Grainger’s customer-facing technology systems are perceived as more difficult or less compelling for customers to 
use than those of Grainger’s competitors, or if digital marketing efforts are unsuccessful or if Grainger is otherwise 
unsuccessful at realizing the benefits of these investments, its reputation, financial condition and operating results 
may be adversely affected. Additionally, Grainger faces many risks and uncertainties beyond the Company's control, 
including theft, credit card fraud, and other fraudulent behavior. 
Further, if these investments in Grainger’s eCommerce platforms are less successful at attracting and retaining 
customers than similar investments by our competitors, or if Grainger is otherwise unsuccessful at realizing the 
benefits of these technological investments generally, its reputation, financial condition and operating results may be 
adversely affected.
In addition, the successful operation of Grainger’s eCommerce channels depends in part upon third parties and 
factors over which Grainger has limited or no control. For example, Grainger relies in part on internet search 
engines to drive traffic to its websites, and the reach of Grainger’s eCommerce channels is impacted by how and 
 16

where its websites rank in both paid and unpaid search results. Potential changes to search engine ranking rules 
could cause Grainger’s websites to place lower in search results and cause Grainger to incur increased advertising 
costs in order to increase its visibility. Further, ongoing changes in the legal and regulatory requirements 
surrounding data privacy, online tracking technologies such as cookies, digital advertising and other eCommerce 
matters could require Grainger to modify its eCommerce strategy, incur significant additional costs to comply with 
such changes or otherwise adversely affect Grainger’s business, results of operations or financial condition. 
Grainger also relies on email and other messaging services to promote its websites and product offerings, and 
changes in Grainger’s current or prospective customers’ use of email or other messaging services or actions by 
third parties to block, restrict or charge for the delivery of such messages could adversely affect sales through 
Grainger’s eCommerce channels and Grainger’s results of operations.
Grainger’s eCommerce channels are subject to risks related to online payment methods and other online 
transactions, including through purchasing platforms.
Grainger accepts a variety of payment methods via its eCommerce channels, including credit card, debit card, 
PayPal and other payment methods and other online transactions, including through its eProcurement technologies 
which communicate directly with Grainger.com and Grainger's other eCommerce channels. Although Grainger 
generally relies on third parties to facilitate eCommerce payments and payment processing services, Grainger may 
become subject to additional compliance requirements and regulations regarding these transactions and may also 
suffer losses from online fraudulent transactions on its eCommerce channels. In addition, Grainger must pay certain 
transaction fees relating to these transactions, which may increase over time and could have an impact on product 
margin, operating costs and profitability. Grainger’s eCommerce channels may become subject to further rules and 
regulations, and changes in these rules and regulations, or their interpretation, could increase the cost of doing 
business and adversely affect results of operations.
Grainger’s inability to adequately protect its intellectual property or successfully defend against 
infringement claims by others may have an adverse impact on operations.
Grainger’s business relies on the use, validity and continued protection of certain proprietary information and 
intellectual property, which includes current and future patents, trade secrets, trademarks, service marks, copyrights 
and confidentiality agreements as well as license and sublicense agreements to use intellectual property owned by 
affiliated entities or third parties. Unauthorized use of Grainger’s intellectual property by others could result in harm 
to various aspects of the business and may result in costly and protracted litigation in order to protect Grainger’s 
rights. In addition, Grainger may be subject to claims that it has infringed on the intellectual property rights of others, 
which could subject Grainger to liability, require Grainger to obtain licenses to use those rights at significant cost or 
otherwise cause Grainger to modify its operations.
In order to compete, Grainger must attract, train, motivate, develop and retain key team members, and the 
failure to do so could have an adverse effect on results of operations.
In order to compete and have continued growth, Grainger must attract, train, motivate, develop, and retain 
executives and other key team members, including those in managerial, technical, sales, supply chain, technology 
development and information technology positions. Grainger competes to hire team members at increasingly 
competitive wage rates and then must train them and develop their skills and competencies. Qualified individuals 
needed to fill open positions may be in short supply in some areas. Further, changes in market compensation rates 
may adversely affect Grainger's labor costs. Competition for qualified team members could require Grainger to pay 
higher wages to attract a sufficient number of team members. In addition to intense competition for talent, workforce 
dynamics are constantly evolving. If Grainger does not manage changing workforce dynamics effectively, it could 
materially adversely affect Grainger's culture, reputation, and operational flexibility. 
Additionally, collective bargaining or unionization of team members could decrease Grainger's operational flexibility 
and lead to work stoppages or slowdowns. The performance of Grainger’s stock price could impact Grainger’s use 
of equity-based compensation to attract and retain executives and other key team members. The success of 
Grainger's team member hiring and retention also depends on Grainger's ability to build and maintain a workplace 
culture that enables all team members to have the opportunity for a fulfilling and meaningful career.
Generally, higher wages and benefit costs, competition for talent, and the risk of an increase in team member 
turnover, could adversely affect Grainger's results of operations. Moreover, changes in immigration policies may 
impair our ability to recruit and hire technical and professional talent globally. Further, failure to successfully hire 
executives and key team members or adequately plan for the succession, transition, and assimilation of executive 
leaders and team members in key roles, or to plan for the loss of executives and key team members, could 
adversely affect Grainger's business results and financial condition. 
 17

Grainger’s continued success is substantially dependent on positive perceptions of Grainger’s reputation.
One of the reasons customers choose to do business with Grainger and team members choose Grainger as a place 
of employment is the reputation that Grainger has built over many years. Grainger devotes time and resources to 
initiatives that align with its corporate values and are designed to strengthen its business and protect and preserve 
its reputation. These efforts include maintaining high standards of product quality and safety, ethical business 
practices, strong customer relationships, operational reliability, and a commitment to providing a positive workplace 
environment. These programs could be challenging to implement and costly to maintain, and Grainger’s actual or 
perceived failure to achieve its goals or uphold its commitments could adversely affect its reputation, business, and 
financial performance.
To be successful in the future, Grainger must continue to preserve, grow and leverage the value of Grainger’s 
brand. Reputational value is based in large part on perceptions of subjective qualities. An isolated incident, or the 
aggregate effect of individually insignificant incidents, negative or inaccurate postings, articles, or comments on 
social media or the internet can erode trust and confidence, particularly if they result in adverse publicity, 
governmental investigations or litigation, and as a result, could tarnish Grainger’s brand and lead to adverse effects 
on Grainger’s business.
Grainger’s disclosures related to environmental and social matters expose it to risks that could adversely 
affect its reputation and performance.
Grainger has established and publicly announced environmental and social programs, including its efforts to 
address climate change, human rights, and an inclusive workplace. These statements reflect its current plans and 
are not guarantees that Grainger will be able to achieve them. Grainger’s pursuit of or inability to update, achieve, or 
accurately report its goals could damage its reputation, financial performance, and growth, leading to increased 
scrutiny from customers, enforcement authorities, and other various stakeholders and potential risks related to "anti-
ESG sentiment", such as reputational harm, lawsuits, or market access restrictions. 
Grainger’s ability to achieve any environmental or social change is subject to numerous risks, some of which are 
outside of its control. For example, evolving climate-related regulations in multiple jurisdictions—such as stricter 
emissions limits, carbon disclosure mandates, and supply chain sustainability requirements—may require Grainger 
to adjust its operations and increase compliance investments. New environmental laws, regulations, and 
enforcement could strain Grainger's suppliers and result in increased compliance-related costs, which could result in 
higher product costs that are passed to Grainger. For instance, California's new climate disclosure requirements and 
SEC-mandated climate risk reporting could increase compliance burdens and legal exposure. Furthermore, our 
customers may adopt procurement policies that include environmental or social provisions or requirements that their 
suppliers should comply with, or they may seek to include such provisions or requirements in their procurement 
terms and conditions. 
Standards for tracking and reporting Grainger's activity, if any, related to environmental and social matters continue 
to evolve. Grainger’s selection of voluntary disclosure frameworks and standards, and the interpretation or 
application of those frameworks and standards, may change from time to time or differ from those of others. 
Methodologies for reporting environmental and social data may be updated and previously reported data may be 
adjusted to reflect improvement in availability and quality of third-party data, changing assumptions, changes in the 
nature and scope of Grainger’s operations and other changes in circumstances. Grainger’s processes and controls 
for reporting such matters across its operations and supply chain are evolving along with multiple disparate 
standards for identification, measurement, and reporting Regulatory disclosure standards are or may become 
required by the SEC, European and other regulators (including, but not limited to, the EU Corporate Sustainability 
Reporting Directive, the EU Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive, the state of California’s new climate 
change disclosure requirements, and climate-change disclosure requirements from the SEC that may become 
effective), and such standards may change over time, which could result in revisions to Grainger’s current goals, 
reported progress in achieving such goals, or ability to achieve such goals in the future. If Grainger’s environmental 
and social practices do not meet evolving government, investor or other stakeholder expectations and standards, 
then Grainger’s reputation or its attractiveness as an investment, business partner, product or service provider or 
employer could be negatively impacted, and Grainger could be subject to litigation or regulatory proceedings.
Technology Risks
Interruptions in the proper functioning of information systems could disrupt operations and cause 
unanticipated increases in costs and/or decreases in revenues.
 18

The functioning of Grainger’s information systems is critical to the operation of its business. Grainger continues to 
invest in software, hardware and network infrastructures to effectively manage its information systems. However, 
Grainger may not be able to maintain or update its information systems to capture and use data in ways that result 
in operational efficiency, including as a result of ineffective software, difficulties obtaining the right talent and ability 
to manage the increasing volume of data available to, and managed by Grainger. Furthermore, although Grainger’s 
information systems are protected with backup and security systems, including physical and software safeguards 
and remote processing capabilities, information systems are still vulnerable to damage or interruption from natural 
or human induced disasters, extreme weather, power losses, telecommunication failures, user error, third-party 
actions such as malicious computer programs, denial-of-service attacks and cybersecurity breaches, and other 
problems. In addition, Grainger relies on the information technology (IT) systems of third parties to assist in 
conducting its business.
The implementation of new systems and upgrades to existing systems could impact Grainger's operations by 
imposing substantial capital expenditures, demands on management's time and risks of delays or difficulties in 
transitioning to new systems. In addition, Grainger's systems implementations may not result in productivity 
improvements at the levels anticipated. Systems implementation disruption and any other IT disruption could have 
an adverse effect on the Company.
If Grainger’s systems or those of third parties on which Grainger depends are damaged, breached, cease to 
function properly or are otherwise disrupted, Grainger may require a significant investment to repair or replace them 
and may suffer interim interruptions in its business operations. If critical information systems fail or otherwise 
become unavailable, Grainger’s ability to operate its digital platforms, process orders, maintain proper levels of 
inventories, collect accounts receivable, disburse funds, manage its supply chain, monitor results of operations, and 
process and store team member or customer data, among other functions, could be adversely affected. Any such 
interruption of Grainger’s information systems could have a material adverse effect on its business or results of 
operations. Grainger has experienced these incidents in the past, which it deemed immaterial to its business and 
operations individually and in the aggregate, and may be subject to other incidents in the future. There can be no 
assurance that any future incidents will not be material to Grainger’s business, operations or financial condition.
The proliferation of AI may impact our industry and the markets in which we compete, and the development 
and use of AI presents competitive, reputational and liability risks.
Grainger has also increased, and expects to continue to increase, its investments in developing, managing and 
implementing AI, such as large language model technologies. Grainger believes the proliferation of AI will have a 
significant impact on customer preferences and market dynamics in its industry, and Grainger’s ability to effectively 
compete in this space will be critical to its financial performance. Grainger also believes that the effective use of AI 
in its internal operations is important to its long-term success. Grainger is working to incorporate AI capabilities into 
its digital platforms, as well as across Grainger in its own internal operations, and its research into and continued 
development of such technologies remain ongoing. As with many innovations, AI presents risks, challenges, and 
unintended consequences that could affect its rate and success of adoption, and therefore Grainger’s business, and 
there is no guarantee that Grainger’s use of AI or incorporation of AI capabilities into its business will benefit its 
business operations or result in solutions that are preferred by its customers. Grainger has invested, and expects to 
continue to invest, significant resources to build and support its  AI products. If Grainger’s digital platforms fail to 
operate as anticipated or as well as competing products or otherwise do not meet customer needs or if Grainger is 
unable to bring AI-enabled products and solutions to market as effectively, or with the same speed or in the same 
volumes, as our competitors, Grainger may fail to recoup its investments in AI or improve its financial performance, 
its competitive position may be harmed, and its business and reputation may be adversely impacted. 
In addition, AI algorithms may be flawed. Datasets may be insufficient or contain biased information. AI models 
deployed by Grainger or its partners may lead to unexpected or unintended outcomes that could erode trust in its 
digital platforms and potentially cause harm to individuals or society. These deficiencies and other failures of AI 
systems could subject Grainger to competitive harm, regulatory action, legal liability, including under new proposed 
legislation regulating AI in jurisdictions such as the U.S. and European Union, new applications of existing data 
protection, privacy, intellectual property, and other laws, and brand or reputational harm. Additionally, Grainger’s 
obligations to comply with the evolving legal and regulatory landscape could entail significant costs or limit its ability 
to incorporate certain AI capabilities into its digital platforms. Some AI capabilities also present ethical issues, and 
Grainger may be unsuccessful in identifying or resolving issues before they arise. If Grainger enables or offers AI 
products or solutions or implement AI capabilities in its internal operations that are controversial because of their 
impact on human rights, the environment, privacy, employment, or other social, economic, or political issues, 
Grainger may experience brand or reputational harm or greater team member attrition.
 19

Cybersecurity threats and incidents, including breaches of information systems security could damage 
Grainger’s reputation, disrupt operations, increase costs and/or decrease revenues.
Through Grainger’s sales and digital channels, as well as its ordinary course of business, Grainger collects and 
stores personally identifiable, confidential, proprietary and other information from customers, team members, 
suppliers, website visitors, and other entities or individuals so that they may, among other things, purchase products 
or services, enroll in promotional programs, register on Grainger’s websites or otherwise communicate or interact 
with Grainger. Moreover, Grainger’s operations routinely involve receiving, storing, processing and transmitting 
sensitive information pertaining to its business, customers, suppliers and team members, and other sensitive 
matters.
Cybersecurity threats are rapidly evolving and some of the means for obtaining access to information in digital and 
other storage media are becoming increasingly sophisticated. Each year, cybersecurity threat actors make 
numerous attempts to access the information stored in Grainger's information systems or Grainger's third-party 
business partners. Loss of customer, supplier, and team member information, intellectual property or other business 
information, or failure to comply with data privacy and security laws, or failure to maintain systems or software, 
could, for example, disrupt operations, damage Grainger’s reputation and expose Grainger to claims from 
customers, suppliers, financial institutions, regulators, payment card associations, team members and others, any of 
which could have a material adverse effect on Grainger, including its business strategy, financial condition and 
results of operations. If successful, cybersecurity incidents may expose Grainger to risk of loss or misuse of 
proprietary or confidential information or disruptions of business operations. 
Grainger's IT infrastructure also includes products and services provided by suppliers, vendors and other third-party 
business partners, and these third parties can experience cybersecurity threats, breaches, attacks, disruptions, and 
cybersecurity incidents that impact the security of systems and proprietary or confidential information. Moreover, 
Grainger shares information with these third parties in connection with the products and services they provide to the 
business. Although Grainger performs risk assessments on third parties where Grainger deems appropriate to learn 
about their security program, there is a risk that the confidentiality of data held or accessed by them may be 
compromised or their systems may be disrupted or interrupted by threat actors.
Moreover, Grainger, and its third-party business partners, may face cybersecurity threats and cybersecurity 
incidents which can include unauthorized access to information systems, business email compromise, viruses, 
malicious code, ransomware, denial-of-service attacks, and organized cyber-attacks. Cybersecurity incidents can 
also include team member failures, fraud, phishing or other social engineering attempts or other methods to cause 
confidential information, payments, account access or access credentials, or other data to be transmitted to an 
unintended recipient. Cybersecurity threat actors also may attempt to exploit vulnerabilities in software that is 
commonly used by companies in cloud-based services and bundled software. If successful, those attempting to 
penetrate Grainger’s or its third-party business partners’ information systems may misappropriate intellectual 
property or personally identifiable, credit card, confidential, proprietary or other sensitive customer, supplier, team 
member or business information, or cause systems disruption. Further, cybersecurity threats or cybersecurity 
incidents that impact Grainger’s systems, or those of its third-party business partners, could have a material 
adverse effect on Grainger, including its business strategy, financial condition and results of operations, including 
major disruptions to business operations, alteration or corruption of data or systems, costs related to remediation or 
the payment of ransom, and litigation including individual claims or consumer class actions, commercial litigation, 
administrative, and civil or criminal investigations or actions, regulatory intervention and sanctions or fines, 
investigation and remediation costs and possible prolonged negative publicity. While many of Grainger's 
agreements with these third parties include indemnification provisions, Grainger may not be able to recover 
sufficiently, or at all, under such provisions to adequately offset any losses it may incur.
In addition, a Grainger team member, contractor or other third party with whom Grainger does business may 
attempt to circumvent security measures or otherwise access Grainger’s information. Grainger’s systems are 
integrated with customer systems and a breach of Grainger's systems could be used as an attempt to gain illicit 
access to customer systems and information. There can be no assurance that any future incidents will not be 
material to Grainger's business, operations or financial condition. 
Techniques used to obtain unauthorized access or to sabotage systems change frequently and may not be 
recognized until they are launched against a target. Grainger may be unable to anticipate these techniques or 
implement preventative measures. Further, security measures and efforts may not be effective in each instance and 
may be subject to human error or failures. Any breach of Grainger’s security measures or any breach, error or 
 20

malfeasance by its third-party business partners could cause Grainger to incur significant costs to protect any 
customers, suppliers, team members and other parties whose information is compromised. Such a breach could 
also cause Grainger to make changes to its information systems and administrative processes to address security 
issues. Although Grainger maintains insurance coverage that may, subject to policy terms and conditions, cover 
certain aspects of cybersecurity risks, depending on the nature, location and extent of any event, such insurance 
coverage may be insufficient to cover all losses.
Grainger has experienced certain cybersecurity incidents, and in each instance, Grainger provided notifications 
where required by applicable law and adopted remedial measures. None of these incidents have been deemed to 
be material to Grainger and Grainger has neither incurred any material net expenses nor been materially penalized 
or subject to any material settlement amounts with respect to such incidents. However, there can be no assurance 
that a future breach or incident would not be material to Grainger’s operations and financial condition.
For further information regarding Grainger's cybersecurity risk management strategy and the Board's oversight role, 
see Part I, Item 1C: Cybersecurity of this Form 10-K.
Regulatory, Legal and Tax Risks
Grainger is subject to a complex array of laws, regulations and standards globally. Failure to comply or 
unforeseen developments in related contingencies such as litigation and other regulatory proceedings 
could adversely affect Grainger's financial condition, profitability, reputation, and cash flows.
Grainger’s business is subject to legislative, legal, and regulatory risks and conditions specific to the countries in 
which it operates. In addition to Grainger’s U.S. operations, which in 2024 generated approximately 82% of its 
consolidated net sales, Grainger operates its business principally through wholly owned subsidiaries in Canada, 
Mexico, and the U.K., and its majority-owned subsidiary in Japan.
The wide array of laws, regulations and standards in each jurisdiction where Grainger operates, include, but are not 
limited to, advertising, marketing and internet regulations (including the use of proprietary or third-party “cookies” in 
connection with Grainger’s eCommerce platforms), anti-bribery and corruption laws, competition and antitrust 
regulations, data protection (including, because Grainger accepts credit cards, the Payment Card Industry Data 
Security Standard), data privacy (including in the U.S., the California Consumer Privacy Act and Privacy Rights Act, 
in Japan, the Act on Protection of Personal Information, and in the European Union, the General Data Protection 
Regulation) and cybersecurity requirements (including protection of information and incident responses), 
environmental protection laws, currency exchange controls and cash repatriation restrictions, health and safety 
laws, import and export compliance (including the U.S. Commerce Department’s Export Administration Regulations, 
trade sanctions promulgated by the Office of Foreign Asset Control and anti-money laundering regulations), 
intellectual property laws, labor laws (including federal and state wage and hour laws), product compliance or safety 
laws, supplier regulations regarding the sources of supplies or products, tax laws (including as to U.S. taxes on 
international subsidiaries), unclaimed property laws and laws, regulations and standards applicable to other 
commercial matters. Moreover, Grainger is also subject to audits and inquiries in the normal course of business.
Failure to comply with any of these laws, regulations and standards could result in civil, criminal, monetary and non-
monetary fines, penalties, remediation costs and/or significant legal fees as well as potential damage to Grainger’s 
reputation. Changes in these laws, regulations and standards, or in their interpretation, could increase the cost of 
doing business, including, among other factors, as a result of increased investments in technology and the 
development of new operational processes. Furthermore, while Grainger has implemented policies and procedures 
and provides training designed to facilitate compliance with these laws, regulations and standards, there can be no 
assurance that team members, contractors, suppliers, vendors, or other third parties will not violate such laws, 
regulations and standards or Grainger’s policies. Any such failure to comply or violation could individually or in the 
aggregate materially adversely affect Grainger’s financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Grainger is subject to a number of rules and regulations related to its government contracts, which may 
result in increased compliance costs and potential liabilities.
Grainger’s contracts with federal, state and local government entities are subject to various and changing 
regulations related to procurement, formation and performance. In addition, Grainger’s government contracts may 
provide for termination, reduction or modification by the government at any time, with or without cause. From time to 
time, Grainger is subject to governmental or regulatory investigations or audits related to its compliance with these 
rules and regulations. Violations of these terms, rules, and regulations could result in fines, criminal sanctions, the 
inability to participate in existing or future government contracting and other administrative sanctions. Any such 
 21

penalties could result in damage to Grainger’s reputation, increased costs of compliance and/or remediation and 
could adversely affect Grainger’s financial condition and results of operations.
In conducting its business, Grainger may become subject to legal proceedings or governmental 
investigations, including in connection with product liability or product compliance claims if people, 
property or the environment are harmed by Grainger’s products or services.
Grainger is, and from time to time may become, party to legal proceedings or governmental investigations for 
alleged violations of laws, rules or regulations. Grainger also may be subject to disputes and proceedings incidental 
to its business, including product-related claims for personal injury or illness, death, environmental or property 
damage or other commercial disputes, and the types of matters discussed in Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial 
Statements included in Part II, Item 8: Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Form 10-K. The 
defense of any proceedings may require significant expenses and divert management’s time and attention, and 
Grainger may be required to pay damages that could individually or in the aggregate materially adversely affect its 
financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. In addition, any insurance or indemnification rights that 
Grainger may have with respect to such matters may be insufficient or unavailable to protect Grainger against 
potential loss exposures. Grainger also may be requested or required to recall products or take other actions. 
Grainger's reputation could also be adversely affected by any resulting negative publicity. 
Tax changes could affect Grainger’s effective tax rate and future profitability.
Grainger’s future results could be adversely affected by changes in the effective tax rate as a result of Grainger’s 
relative overall profitability and the mix of earnings in countries with differing statutory tax rates, changes in tax 
legislation, the results of the examination of previously filed tax returns, and continuing assessment of Grainger's tax 
exposures. 
Credit and Liquidity Risks
Changes in Grainger’s credit ratings and outlook may reduce access to capital and increase borrowing 
costs.
Grainger’s credit ratings are based on a number of factors, including the Company’s financial strength and factors 
outside of Grainger’s control, such as conditions affecting Grainger’s industry generally or the introduction of new 
rating practices and methodologies. Grainger cannot provide assurances that its current credit ratings will remain in 
effect or that the ratings will not be lowered, suspended or withdrawn entirely by the rating agencies. If rating 
agencies lower, suspend or withdraw the ratings, the market price or marketability of Grainger’s securities may be 
adversely affected. In addition, any change in ratings could make it more difficult for the Company to raise capital on 
favorable terms, impact the Company’s ability to obtain adequate financing, and result in higher interest costs for 
the Company’s existing credit facilities or on future financings.
Grainger has incurred indebtedness and may incur additional indebtedness, which could adversely affect 
cash flow, decrease business flexibility, or prevent Grainger from fulfilling its obligations.
As of December 31, 2024, Grainger’s consolidated indebtedness was approximately $2.8 billion. The Company’s 
indebtedness could, among other things, limit Grainger’s ability to respond to rapidly changing business and 
economic conditions, require the Company to dedicate a substantial portion of its cash flows to the payment of 
principal and interest on its indebtedness, reducing the funds available for other business purposes, and make it 
more difficult to satisfy the Company’s financial obligations as they come due during periods of adverse economic 
and industry conditions.
The agreements governing Grainger’s debt agreements and instruments contain representations, warranties, 
affirmative, negative and financial covenants, and default provisions. Grainger’s failure to comply with these 
restrictions and obligations could result in a default under such agreements, which may allow Grainger’s creditors to 
accelerate the related indebtedness. Any such acceleration could have a material adverse effect on Grainger’s 
business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, and its ability to obtain financing on favorable terms 
in the future.
In addition, Grainger may in the future seek to raise additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures, 
refinancing of indebtedness, share repurchases, dividends, corporate investments, mergers and acquisitions, joint 
ventures, or other general corporate purposes. Grainger’s ability to obtain additional financing will be dependent on, 
among other things, the Company’s financial condition, prevailing market conditions and numerous other factors 
beyond the Company’s control. Such additional financing may not be available on commercially reasonable terms or 
at all. Any inability to obtain financing when needed could materially adversely affect the Company’s business, 
financial condition or results of operations.
 22

Item 1B: Unresolved Staff Comments 
None.
23

Item 1C: Cybersecurity
Risk Management and Strategy
Grainger has a dedicated cybersecurity team that works to prevent, detect, and respond to cybersecurity threats. 
The cybersecurity team is led by the Vice President and Chief Information Security Officer (CISO), who is 
responsible for assessing and managing material risks from cybersecurity threats. Grainger’s CISO has over 20 
years of cybersecurity experience and maintains industry recognized security certifications. The cybersecurity team 
has implemented processes designed to assess, identify and manage material risks from cybersecurity threats and 
vulnerabilities to the Company’s security posture, including prioritizing and remediating such risks. The team also 
works to assess and manage cybersecurity risks by: (i) reviewing risks from cybersecurity threats with senior 
management; (ii) incorporating cybersecurity in its enterprise risk processes; (iii) establishing regular reviews of 
cybersecurity risks and mitigation efforts, including with the Audit Committee and the Board; and (iv) using third 
parties as needed for reviews and testing.  
Grainger regularly identifies its enterprise risks. Grainger’s cybersecurity team reviews and updates its information 
security strategy and aligns plans based on cybersecurity prioritization with the identified top enterprise risks. 
Grainger engages with third parties in order to enhance, implement, assess and monitor its cybersecurity 
processes, controls, and posture. 
Grainger has developed a cybersecurity risk intake process to facilitate the identification of cybersecurity risks, 
including those related to third-party vendors. Identified risks are tracked by management, and incorporated into 
mitigation plans.   
Grainger has been subject to unauthorized access of systems on which certain supplier, customer, and team 
member information was stored, which have been deemed immaterial to our business and operations individually 
and in the aggregate. As of the date of this filing, Grainger does not believe that any risks from cybersecurity 
threats, including as a result of past cybersecurity incidents, have had, or are reasonably likely to have, a material 
adverse effect on Grainger, including its business strategy, results of operations or financial condition. However, 
Grainger, or third-party service providers engaged by Grainger, may be subject to cybersecurity incidents, or other 
unauthorized access of information systems in the future. There can be no assurance that any future cybersecurity 
incident or unauthorized access to or breach of these information systems will not be material to Grainger’s 
business, strategy, results of operations or financial condition.  See Part I, Item 1A: Risk Factors of this Form 10-K.
Governance
The Audit Committee assists the Board in its oversight of the Company’s Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) 
program and processes, including with respect to cybersecurity.  
As part of its ERM oversight, the Board oversees and regularly reviews the Company’s programs and processes for 
cybersecurity risks, including the Company’s framework for preventing, detecting, and addressing cybersecurity 
incidents and identifying emerging risks both broadly and within related industries. The Company’s CISO routinely 
provides material cybersecurity updates to the Audit Committee and information to the Board. 
 24

Item 2: Properties
As of December 31, 2024, Grainger’s owned and leased facilities totaled approximately 30.3 million square feet. 
Grainger owns and leases facilities primarily in the U.S., Japan, Canada(5), Mexico(6), Puerto Rico(7) and the U.K.(8)
The Company owns its corporate headquarters in Lake Forest, Illinois and leases other general offices in the
Chicago Metropolitan area that consists of approximately one million square feet. Grainger believes that its 
properties are generally in excellent condition, well maintained and suitable for the conduct of business. 
The following table includes Grainger's material facilities: 
Location
Facility and Use(9)
Size in Square Feet 
(in thousands)
Segment
U.S.(1)
DCs
11,642
High-Touch Solutions N.A.
U.S.(2)
Branch locations
6,327
High-Touch Solutions N.A.
Japan(3)
DCs
3,380
Endless Assortment
U.S.(4)
Other facilities
3,847
High-Touch Solutions N.A.
The square footage of Grainger's corporate headquarters in Lake Forest, Illinois and other general offices in the Chicago
Metropolitan area are not included in the total square footage of Grainger's U.S. Other facilities provided above. Square footage
of the Company's owned and leased properties provided below are presented as approximates.
(1) Consists of 21 DCs that range in size from approximately 60,000 to 1.5 million square feet, including six leased 
facilities that primarily manage bulk products. The remaining DCs are primarily owned.
(2) Consists of 245 branches, 65 onsite and four will-call express locations. These facilities range in size from under 
1,000 to 110,000 square feet. These facilities are primarily owned.
(3) Consists of four DCs that range in size from approximately 160,000 to 2.1 million square feet. These facilities are 
both owned and leased. Other facilities include office space that range in size from approximately 1,000 to 
90,000 square feet. These facilities are primarily leased.
(4) Primarily consists of storage facilities, office space and customer service centers. These facilities are owned and 
leased. These facilities range in size from under 1,000 to over 1 million square feet.
(5) In Canada, Grainger has 32 branch locations, five DCs and other facilities which total two million square feet.
(6) In Mexico, Grainger has 15 branch locations, two DCs and one other location which total 650,000 square feet. 
(7) In Puerto Rico, Grainger has three branch locations and one DC which total 95,000 square feet. 
(8) In the U.K., Grainger has 33 branch and other facility locations and one DC which total 685,000 square feet. 
(9) Owned facilities are not subject to any mortgages.
Item 3: Legal Proceedings
For a description of legal proceedings, see the disclosure contained in Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements included in Part II, Item 8: Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Form 10-K, which is 
incorporated herein by reference.
Item 4: Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
 25

PART II 
Item 5: Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of 
Equity Securities
Market Information and Dividends
Grainger's common stock is listed and traded on the New York Stock Exchange, under the symbol GWW. 
Dividends
Grainger expects that its practice of paying quarterly dividends on its common stock will continue, although the 
payment of future dividends is at the discretion of Grainger’s Board of Directors and will depend upon Grainger’s 
earnings, capital requirements, financial condition and other factors.
Holders
As of February 14, 2025, there were 496 shareholders of record of Grainger’s common stock. A substantially greater
number of holders of Grainger common stock are "street name" or beneficial holders, whose shares of record are
held by banks, brokers, and other financial institutions. 
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
The following table provides information relating to Grainger's repurchase of common stock during the three months 
ended December 31, 2024:
Period
Total Number of 
Shares
Purchased (A) (D)
Average Price
Paid Per Share (B)
Total Number of 
Shares
Purchased as
Part of Publicly
Announced Plans 
or Programs (C)
Maximum Number of
Shares That May Yet be Purchased
Under the
Plans or Programs
Oct. 1 – Oct. 31
11,339
$1,023.97
11,332
4,570,888 shares
Nov. 1 – Nov. 30
148,340
$1,190.32
148,340
4,422,548 shares
Dec. 1 – Dec. 31
241,646
$1,132.63
241,447
4,181,101 shares
Total
401,325
401,119
(A)
There were no shares withheld to satisfy tax withholding obligations.
(B)
Average price paid per share excludes commissions of $0.02 per share paid. 
(C)
Prior to April 28, 2024, purchases were made pursuant to a share repurchase program approved by
Grainger's Board of Directors and announced on April 28, 2021 (2021 Program). On April 24, 2024, 
Grainger's Board of Directors authorized a program for the Company to repurchase an aggregate amount of 
up to five million shares in the open market, through privately negotiated transactions and block transactions, 
pursuant to a trading plan or otherwise (2024 Program) with no expiration date. In authorizing the 2024 
Program, the Board of Directors terminated the 2021 Program.
(D)
The difference of 206 shares between the Total Number of Shares Purchased and the Total Number of 
Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs represents shares purchased by the
administrator and record keeper of the W.W. Grainger, Inc. Retirement Savings Plan for the benefit of the
team members who participate in the plan.
 26

Company Performance
The following stock price performance graph compares the cumulative total return on an investment in Grainger 
common stock with the cumulative total return of an investment in each of the Dow Jones US Industrial Suppliers 
Total Stock Market Index, which includes Grainger, and the S&P 500 Stock Index. It covers the period commencing 
December 31, 2019 and ending December 31, 2024. The graph assumes that the value for the investment in 
Grainger common stock and in each index was $100 on December 31, 2019, and that all dividends were reinvested.
December 31,
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
W.W. Grainger, Inc.
$ 100 $ 123 $ 158 $ 172 $ 259 $ 332 
Dow Jones US Industrial Suppliers Total Stock Market Index
100 
125 
170 
151 
223 
260 
S&P 500 Stock Index
100 
118 
152 
125 
158 
197 
Item 6: [Reserved]
 27

Item 7: Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 
Objective
The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is 
intended to help the reader understand the results of operations and financial condition of W.W. Grainger, Inc. 
(Grainger or Company) as it is viewed by the Company. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with 
the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes included in Part II, Item 8: Financial Statements 
and Supplementary Data of this Form 10-K. This section of this Form 10-K generally discusses 2024 and 2023 
items and year-to-year comparisons between 2024 and 2023. Discussions of 2022 items and year-to-year 
comparisons between 2023 and 2022 are not included in this Form 10-K, and can be found in MD&A of Financial 
Condition and Results of Operations in Part II, Item 7 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal 
year ended December 31, 2023.
Percentage figures included in this section have not been calculated on the basis of such rounded figures but on the 
basis of such amounts prior to rounding. For this reason, percentage amounts in this section may vary slightly from 
those obtained by performing the same calculations using the figures in the Company's Consolidated Financial 
Statements or in the associated text.
Overview
W.W. Grainger, Inc. is a broad line distributor of maintenance, repair and operating (MRO) products and services 
with operations primarily in North America, Japan and the United Kingdom (U.K.). Grainger uses its high-touch 
solutions and endless assortment businesses to serve customers worldwide, who rely on Grainger for products and 
services that enable them to run safe, sustainable and productive operations.
Strategic Priorities
The Company’s continued strategic aspiration for 2025 is to relentlessly expand Grainger’s leadership position by 
being the go-to partner for people who build and run safe, sustainable, and productive operations. To achieve this, 
each Grainger business has a set of strategic growth drivers to drive top-line revenue and MRO market outgrowth. 
The High-Touch Solutions North America (High-Touch Solutions N.A.) segment is focused on three areas: 
advantaged MRO solutions, differentiated sales and services, and unparalleled customer service. In the Endless 
Assortment segment, the business is focused on product assortment expansion and innovative customer acquisition 
and retention capabilities. Additionally, all Grainger businesses are focused on continuously enhancing our 
operational processes to improve service and cost through customer experience, technology and supply chain 
infrastructure which ultimately delivers long-term returns for shareholders.
Recent Events
Macroeconomic Conditions
The global economy continues to experience volatility and uncertainty including to the commodity, labor and 
transportation markets, arising from a combination of geopolitical conditions and events, and various economic and 
financial factors. These conditions have affected the Company's operations and may continue to affect the 
Company's business, financial condition and results of operations. 
The Company continues to monitor economic conditions in the U.S. and globally, and the impact of macroeconomic 
pressures, including repercussions from changes in interest rates, currency exchange fluctuations, changing 
inflationary environment, and a potential recession on the Company’s business, customers, suppliers and other third 
parties. The Company has implemented strategies designed to mitigate certain adverse effects from the impact of 
the changing inflationary environment while remaining market price competitive. Historically, the Company’s broad 
and diverse customer base and the nondiscretionary nature of the Company’s products to its customers has helped 
to insulate it from the effects of recessionary periods in the industrial MRO market. The full extent and impact of 
these conditions are uncertain and cannot be predicted at this time.
For further discussion of the Company's risks and uncertainties, see Part I, Item 1A: Risk Factors of this Form 10-K.
 28

Results of Operations
In this section, Grainger utilizes non-GAAP (as defined below) measures where it believes it will assist users of its 
financial statements in understanding its business. Non-GAAP measures exclude certain items affecting 
comparability that can affect the year-over-year assessment of operating results and other one-time items that do 
not directly reflect ongoing operating results. For further information regarding the Company's non-GAAP measures 
including reconciliations to the most directly comparable U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) 
measures, see "Non-GAAP Measures."
The following table is included as an aid to understanding the changes in Grainger's Consolidated Statements of 
Earnings for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 (in millions of dollars). 
For the Years Ended December 31,
% of Net Sales
2024
2023
% Change
2024
2023
Net sales(1)
$ 17,168 
$ 16,478 
 4.2 %
 100.0 %
 100.0 %
Cost of goods sold
10,410 
9,982 
 4.3 
 60.6 
 60.6 
Gross profit
6,758 
6,496 
 4.0 
 39.4 
 39.4 
Selling, general and administrative expenses
4,121 
3,931 
 4.8 
 24.0 
 23.8 
Operating earnings
2,637 
2,565 
 2.8 
 15.4 
 15.6 
Other expense – net
53 
65 
 (18.5) 
 0.3 
 0.4 
Income tax provision
595 
597 
 (0.3) 
 3.5 
 3.6 
Net earnings
1,989 
1,903 
 4.5 
 11.6 
 11.6 
Less noncontrolling interest
80 
74 
 (8.1) 
 0.5 
 0.5 
Net earnings attributable to W.W. Grainger, Inc.
$ 
1,909 
$ 
1,829 
 4.4 
 11.1 %
 11.1 %
Diluted earnings per share:
$ 
38.71 
$ 
36.23 
 6.8 %
(1) For further information regarding the Company's disaggregated revenue, see Note 2 of the Notes to the Consolidated 
Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8: Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Form 10-K.
The following table is included as an aid to understanding the changes of Grainger's total net sales, daily net sales 
and daily organic constant currency net sales from the prior period for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024
(in millions of dollars):
For the Years Ended December 31,
2024
% 
Change(1)
2023
% 
Change(1)
Net sales 
$ 
17,168 
 4.2 % $ 
16,478 
 8.2 %
Daily net sales(2)
$ 
66.5 
 3.4 % $ 
65.2 
 8.6 %
Daily, organic constant currency net sales(2)
$ 
67.4 
 4.7 % $ 
65.8 
 9.5 %
(1) Calculated on the basis of prior year reported net sales for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
(2) Daily net sales are adjusted for the difference in U.S. selling days relative to the prior year period. Daily, organic constant 
currency net sales are also adjusted to exclude the impact on net sales due to year-over-year foreign currency exchange rate 
fluctuations and the prior year period results of E&R divested in the fourth quarter of 2023. There were 256 and 254 sales days 
in the full year 2024 and 2023, respectively. For further information regarding the Company's non-GAAP measures, including 
reconciliations to the most directly comparable GAAP measure, see below "Non-GAAP Measures."
Net sales of $17,168 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 increased $690 million, or 4%, and on a daily, 
organic constant currency basis, net sales increased 5% compared to the same period in 2023. Both High-Touch 
Solutions N.A. and the Endless Assortment segments contributed to sales growth in 2024. For further discussion on 
the Company's net sales, see the Segment Analysis section below.
 29

Gross profit of $6,758 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 increased $262 million, or 4%, and gross profit 
margin of 39.4% was flat compared to the same period in 2023. Both segments contributed to gross profit dollar 
expansion in 2024. For further discussion on the Company's gross profit, see the Segment Analysis section below.
Selling, general, and administrative (SG&A) expenses of $4,121 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 
increased $190 million, or 5%. Adjusted SG&A of $4,105 million increased $200 million, or 5%, compared to the 
same period in 2023 driven by higher marketing and payroll and benefit expenses. SG&A leverage and adjusted 
SG&A leverage decreased 20 basis points in 2024.
Operating earnings of $2,637 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 increased $72 million, or 3%. Adjusted 
operating earnings of $2,653 million increased $62 million, or 2%, compared to the same period in 2023 due to 
higher gross profit dollars, partially offset by increased SG&A expense. Operating margin and adjusted operating 
margin decreased 20 basis points in 2024. 
Income tax provision of $595 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 decreased $2 million, compared to the 
same period in 2023. Adjusted income taxes of $599 million decreased $2 million compared to the same period in 
2023. Grainger's effective tax rates were 23.0% and 23.9% for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, 
respectively. The adjusted effective tax rates were 23.0% and 23.8%. The Company's effective tax rate was 
positively impacted from the expiration of a statute of limitation period in 2024. 
Diluted earnings per share was $38.71 for the year ended December 31, 2024, an increase of 7% compared to 
$36.23 for the same period in 2023. Adjusted diluted earnings per share was $38.96 for the year ended 
December 31, 2024, an increase of 6% compared to $36.67 for the same period in 2023.
Segment Analysis
In this section, Grainger utilizes non-GAAP measures where it believes it will assist users of its financial statements 
in understanding its business. For further information regarding the Company's non-GAAP measures including 
reconciliations to the most directly comparable GAAP measures, see "Non-GAAP Measures." For further segment 
information, see Note 12 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8: Financial Statements 
and Supplementary Data of this Form 10-K.
High-Touch Solutions N.A.
The following table shows reported segment results (in millions of dollars):
For the Years Ended December 31,
2024
2023
% Change 
Net sales
$ 
13,720 
$ 
13,267 
 3.4 %
Gross profit
5,741 
5,546 
 3.5 
Selling, general and administrative expenses
3,356 
3,212 
 4.5 
Operating earnings
$ 
2,385 
$ 
2,334 
 2.2 %
Net sales of $13,720 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 increased $453 million, or 3% compared to the 
same period in 2023. The increase was primarily due to volume. 
Gross profit of $5,741 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 increased $195 million, or 4%, and gross profit 
margin of 41.8% was flat compared to the same period in 2023.
SG&A of $3,356 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 increased $144 million, or 5%, and adjusted SG&A 
of $3,341 million increased $155 million, or 5% compared to the same period in 2023. The increase was primarily 
due to higher marketing and payroll and benefit expenses. SG&A leverage decreased 20 basis points and adjusted 
SG&A leverage decreased 30 basis points compared to the same period in 2023.
Operating earnings of $2,385 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 increased $51 million, or 2%, and 
adjusted operating earnings of $2,400 million increased $40 million, or 2% compared to the same period in 2023. 
 30

Endless Assortment
The following table shows reported segment results (in millions of dollars):
For the Years Ended December 31,
2024
2023
% Change
Net sales
$ 
3,134 
$ 
2,916 
 7.5 %
Gross profit
923 
864 
 6.8
Selling, general and administrative expenses
663
631 
 5.1
Operating earnings
$ 
260 
$ 
233 
 11.6 %
Net sales of $3,134 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 increased $218 million, or 7%, and on a daily 
constant currency basis, increased 12% compared to the same period in 2023. The increase was due to sales 
growth of 12%, driven by customer acquisition for the segment and enterprise customer growth at MonotaRO. Sales 
growth was partially offset by unfavorable currency exchange of 5% due to changes in the exchange rate between 
U.S. dollar and the Japanese yen.
Gross profit of $923 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 increased $59 million, or 7%, and gross profit 
margin of 29.5% decreased 10 basis points compared to the same period in 2023.
SG&A of $663 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 increased $32 million, or 5%, compared to the same
period in 2023. The increase was primarily due to higher marketing expenses in 2024. SG&A leverage improved 40 
basis points compared to the same period in 2023.
Operating earnings of $260 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 increased $27 million, or 12%, compared 
to the same period in 2023.
Non-GAAP Measures 
Grainger utilizes non-GAAP measures where it believes it will assist users of its financial statements in 
understanding its business. Non-GAAP measures exclude certain items affecting comparability that can affect the
year-over-year assessment of operating results and other one-time items that do not directly reflect ongoing
operating results. The Company adjusts its reported net sales when there are differences in the number of U.S. 
selling days relative to the prior year period and also excludes the impact on reported net sales due to changes in
foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations and results of certain divested businesses. Adjusted results including
adjusted SG&A, adjusted operating earnings, adjusted net earnings and adjusted diluted EPS exclude certain non-
recurring items, including restructuring charges, asset impairments, gains and losses associated with business
divestitures and other non-recurring, infrequent or unusual gains and losses from the Company’s most directly 
comparable reported U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) results. The Company believes its non-
GAAP measures provide meaningful information to assist investors in understanding financial results and assessing
prospects for future performance as they provide a better baseline for analyzing the ongoing performance of its 
businesses by excluding items that may not be indicative of core operating results. Grainger’s non-GAAP financial
measures should be considered in addition to, and not as a replacement for or as a superior measure to its most 
directly comparable GAAP measures and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other
companies.
Restructuring Actions
In the second quarter of 2024, the Company recorded restructuring charges in SG&A of $15 million in the High-
Touch Solutions N.A. segment and $1 million in Grainger's Other businesses. The charges consisted primarily of 
team member severance and benefit costs. The Company does not expect these actions to have a material effect 
on its future results of operations.
 31

Business Divestitures
In the fourth quarter of 2023, Grainger divested E & R Industrial Sales, Inc. (E&R) and recorded a one-time pre-tax 
loss on the divestiture of $26 million in SG&A. The Company does not expect this business exit to have a material 
effect on its future results of operations.
The following table provides a reconciliation of reported net sales growth from the prior year period in accordance 
with GAAP to the Company's non-GAAP measures daily net sales and daily, organic constant currency net sales for 
the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 (in millions of dollars):
For the Years Ended December 31, 
High-Touch 
Solutions N.A.
Endless Assortment
Total Company(1)
2024
% 
Change(2)
2024
% 
Change(2)
2024
% 
Change(2)
Reported net sales
$ 13,720 
 3.4 % $ 3,134 
 7.5 % $ 17,168 
 4.2 %
   Daily impact(3)
(0.4) 
 (0.8) 
(0.1) 
 (0.9) 
(0.5) 
 (0.8) 
Daily net sales
53.2 
 2.6 
12.1 
 6.6 
66.5 
 3.4 
 Foreign currency exchange(4)
0.1 
 0.1 
0.6 
 5.0 
0.6 
 0.9 
   Business divestiture(5)
0.3 
 0.5 
— 
 — 
0.3 
 0.4 
Daily, organic constant currency net sales
$ 
53.6 
 3.2 % $ 
12.7 
 11.6 % $ 
67.4 
 4.7 %
2023
% 
Change(2)
2023
% 
Change(2)
2023
% 
Change(2)
Reported net sales
$ 13,267 
 8.9 % $ 2,916 
 4.7 % $ 16,478 
 8.2 %
 Daily impact(3)
0.2 
 0.4 
— 
 0.4 
0.3 
 0.4 
Daily net sales
52.4 
 9.3 
11.5 
 5.1 
65.2 
 8.6 
 Foreign currency exchange(4)
— 
 — 
0.6 
 5.3 
0.6 
 0.9 
 Business divestiture(5)
— 
 0.1 
— 
 — 
— 
 — 
Daily, organic constant currency net sales
$ 
52.4 
 9.4 % $ 
12.1 
 10.4 %
65.8 
 9.5 %
(1) Total Company includes Other. Grainger's businesses reported in Other do not meet the criteria of a reportable segment.
(2) Compared to net sales in the prior year period.
(3) Excludes the impact on net sales due to the difference in U.S. selling days relative to the prior year period on a daily basis. 
There were 256 and 254 sales days in the full year 2024 and 2023, respectively. 
(4) Excludes the impact on net sales due to year-over-year foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations on a daily basis.
(5) Excludes the net sales results of the divested E&R business in the prior year period on a daily basis.
The following tables provide a reconciliation of reported SG&A expenses, operating earnings, net earnings 
attributable to W.W. Grainger, Inc. and diluted earnings per share determined in accordance with GAAP to the 
Company's non-GAAP measures adjusted SG&A, adjusted operating earnings, adjusted net earnings attributable to 
W.W. Grainger, Inc. and adjusted diluted earnings per share for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 and 
2023 (in millions of dollars):
 32

Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2024
Reported
Adjustment(1)
Adjusted
% Change 
Reported(2)
% Change 
Adjusted(2)
Selling, general and administrative expenses
High-Touch Solutions N.A.
$ 
3,356 $ 
(15) $ 
3,341 
Endless Assortment
663
— 
663 
Other(3)
102
(1) 
101 
Selling, general and administrative expenses
$ 
4,121 $ 
(16) $ 
4,105 
4.8%
5.1%
Earnings
High-Touch Solutions N.A.
$ 
2,385 $ 
15 $ 
2,400 
Endless Assortment
260
— 
260 
Other(3)
(8)
1 
(7)
Operating earnings
$ 
2,637 $ 
16 $ 
2,653 
2.8%
2.4%
Total other expense – net
(53)
— 
(53)
Income tax provision(4)
(595)
(4) 
(599)
Net earnings
$ 
1,989 $ 
12 $ 
2,001 
Noncontrolling interest
 
(80)  
— 
(80)
Net earnings attributable to W.W. Grainger, Inc.   $ 
1,909 $ 
12 $ 
1,921 
4.4%
3.8%
Diluted earnings per share
$ 
38.71 $ 
0.25 $ 
38.96 
6.8%
6.2%
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2023
Reported
Adjustment(1)
Adjusted
% Change 
Reported(2)
% Change 
Adjusted(2)
Selling, general and administrative expenses
High-Touch Solutions N.A.
$ 
3,212 $ 
(26) $ 
3,186 
Endless Assortment
631
— 
631 
Other(3)
88
— 
88
Selling, general and administrative expenses
$ 
3,931 $ 
(26) $ 
3,905 
8.2%
6.8%
Earnings
High-Touch Solutions N.A.
$ 
2,334 $ 
26 $ 
2,360 
Endless Assortment
233
— 
233 
Other(3)
(2)
— 
(2)
Operating earnings
$ 
2,565 $ 
26 $ 
2,591 
15.8%
18.1%
Total other expense – net
(65)
— 
(65)
Income tax provision(5)
(597)
(4) 
(601)
Net earnings
$ 
1,903 $ 
22 $ 
1,925 
Noncontrolling interest
 
(74)  
— 
(74)
Net earnings attributable to W.W. Grainger, Inc. $ 
1,829 $ 
22 $ 
1,851 
18.2%
21.2%
Diluted earnings per share
$ 
36.23 $ 
0.44 $ 
36.67 
20.5%
23.6%
(1) Reflects restructuring costs incurred in the second quarter of 2024 and the loss on divestiture of E&R in the fourth quarter of 
2023.
(2) Compared to the reported and adjusted results of the prior year period.
(3) Grainger's businesses reported in Other do not meet the criteria of a reportable segment.
(4) Reflects a tax benefit related to the restructuring costs incurred in the second quarter of 2024. Grainger's reported and 
adjusted effective tax rates were 23.0% for the year ended December 31, 2024.
(5) Reflects a one-time tax benefit recognized upon the divestiture of E&R in the fourth quarter of 2023. Grainger's reported and
adjusted effective tax rates were 23.9% and 23.8%, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2023.
 33

Liquidity and Capital Resources
Grainger believes its current balances of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities and availability under its 
revolving credit facility will be sufficient to meet its liquidity needs for the next twelve months. The Company expects 
to continue to invest in its business and return excess cash to shareholders through cash dividends and share 
repurchases, which it plans to fund through cash flows generated from operations. Grainger also maintains access 
to capital markets and may issue debt or equity securities from time to time, which may provide an additional source 
of liquidity.
Sources of Liquidity
Cash and Cash Equivalents 
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, Grainger had cash and cash equivalents of $1,036 million and $660 million, 
respectively. The increase in cash was primarily due to cash flows from operations and issuance of new long-term 
debt, partially offset by continued capital expenditure spend and higher volume of share repurchases. The Company 
had approximately $2.3 billion in available liquidity as of December 31, 2024.
Cash Flows
The following table shows the Company's cash flow activity for the periods presented (in millions of dollars):
For the Years Ended December 31,
2024
2023
Total cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities
$ 
2,111 
$ 
2,031 
Investing activities
(520) 
(422) 
Financing activities
(1,180) 
(1,278) 
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
(35) 
4 
Increase in cash and cash equivalents
$ 
376 
$ 
335 
Net cash provided by operating activities was $2,111 million and $2,031 million for the year ended December 31, 
2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase was primarily driven by continued growth in net earnings.
Net cash used in investing activities was $520 million and $422 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 
2023, respectively. The increase reflects the continued investment in U.S. supply chain capacity expansion 
throughout 2024.
Net cash used in financing activities was $1,180 million and $1,278 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 
and 2023, respectively. The decrease in cash used in financing activities was due to the issuance of long-term debt, 
which includes $500 million in unsecured senior notes partially offset by higher treasury stock repurchases in 2024.
Debt
Grainger maintains a debt ratio and liquidity position that provides flexibility in funding working capital needs and 
long-term cash requirements. Grainger has various sources of financing available. For further information regarding 
the Company's debt instruments and available financing sources, see Note 5 of the Notes to the Consolidated 
Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8: Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Form 10-K.
Total debt as a percent of total capitalization was 42.9% and 40.1%, as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, 
respectively.
Credit Ratings
Grainger receives ratings from two independent credit ratings agencies: Moody's Investor Service (Moody's) and 
Standard & Poor's (S&P). Both credit rating agencies currently rate the Company's corporate credit at investment 
grade. 
 34

The following table summarizes the Company's credit ratings as of December 31, 2024:
Corporate
Senior Unsecured
Short-term
Moody's
A2
A2
P1
S&P
A+
A+
A1
Uses of Liquidity
Internally generated cash flows are the primary source of Grainger's working capital and growth initiatives, including 
capital expenditures. The Company expects to continue to return excess capital to shareholders through share 
repurchases and dividends.
Working Capital
Working capital as of December 31, 2024 was $3,282 million, an increase of $204 million compared to $3,078 
million as of December 31, 2023. The increase was primarily due to sustained sales growth. As of December 31, 
2024 and 2023, the ratio of current assets to current liabilities was 2.9 and 2.8, respectively. 
Capital Expenditures
In fiscal 2024, the Company's capital expenditures were $541 million and $445 million for the years ended 
December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Capital project spending for 2025 is expected to be in the range of $450 
and $550 million. This includes continued supply chain capacity expansion and technology enhancements across 
the Company.
Share Repurchases
For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, Grainger repurchased shares of its common stock in the open 
market for $1,201 million and $850 million, respectively. Share repurchases are executed at prices the Company 
determines appropriate subject to various factors, including market conditions and the Company's financial 
performance and may be affected through accelerated share repurchase programs, open market purchases or 
privately negotiated transactions, including through Rule 10b5-1 plans. Share repurchases for 2025 are expected to 
be in the range of $1,150 and $1,250 million.
Dividends
For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, Grainger declared and paid $421 million and $392 million, 
respectively, in dividends to holders of the Company's common stock. 
Commitments and Other Contractual Obligations
The Company's material cash requirements include the following commitments and other contractual obligations. 
Debt 
As of December 31, 2024, the Company had outstanding debt obligations with varying maturities for an aggregate 
principal amount of $2,803 million, with $502 million payable within 12 months. Total future interest payments 
associated with the Company's outstanding debt obligations was $1,855 million, with $101 million payable within 12 
months.
Purchase Obligations
Grainger had purchase obligations of approximately $1,687 million as of December 31, 2024, which includes 
approximately $1,021 million payable within 12 months. Grainger's purchase obligations primarily include 
commitments to purchase inventory, uncompleted additions to property, buildings and equipment and other goods 
and services. Purchase obligations are made in the normal course of business to meet operating needs and are 
primarily noncancelable.
Leases
The Company has lease arrangements for certain properties, buildings and equipment (including branches, 
warehouses, DCs and office space). As of December 31, 2024, the Company had fixed operating lease payment 
obligations of $437 million, with $91 million payable within 12 months.
 35

Critical Accounting Estimates
The preparation of Grainger’s Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes are in conformity with 
GAAP and the Company’s discussion and analysis of its financial condition and operating results require the 
Company’s management to make assumptions and estimates that affect the reported amounts. The Company 
considers an accounting policy to be a critical estimate if: (1) it involves assumptions that are uncertain when 
judgment was applied, and (2) changes in the estimate assumptions, or selection of a different estimate 
methodology, could have a significant impact on Grainger’s consolidated financial position and results. While the 
Company believes the assumptions and estimates used are reasonable, the Company’s management bases its 
estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions it believes to be reasonable under the 
circumstances. Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8: Financial Statements 
and Supplementary Data of this Form 10-K describes the significant accounting policies and methods used in the 
preparation of the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.
Inventories
Company inventories primarily consist of merchandise purchased for resale and are valued at the lower of cost or 
market value. The majority of the Company’s inventory is accounted for using the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method. 
Market value is based on an analysis of inventory trends including, but not limited to, reviews of inventory levels, 
sales and cost information and on-hand quantities relative to the sales history for the product and shelf-life. The 
Company's methodology for estimating whether adjustments are necessary is continually evaluated for factors 
including significant changes in product demand, liquidation or disposition history values and market conditions 
such as inflation and other acquisition costs, including freight and duties. If business or economic conditions 
change, estimates and assumptions may be adjusted as deemed appropriate. 
Goodwill
The Company evaluates goodwill for impairment annually during the fourth quarter and more frequently if 
impairment indicators exist. The fair value of reporting units is calculated primarily using the discounted cash flow 
method and utilizing value indicators from a market approach to evaluate the reasonableness of the resulting fair 
values. 
The estimates used to calculate the fair values of reporting units involve the use of significant assumptions, 
estimates and judgments and changes from year to year based on operating results, market conditions, 
macroeconomic developments and other factors. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially 
affect the determination of fair value and impairment for each reporting unit. For further information on the 
Company's goodwill, see Note 4 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8: Financial 
Statements and Supplementary Data of this Form 10-K.
Contingencies and Legal Matters
The Company is subject to various claims and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business, the 
outcomes of which are inherently uncertain. The Company accrues for costs relating to litigation claims and other 
contingent matters when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the assessment can be 
reasonably estimated. For further information on the Company's contingencies and legal matters, see Note 13 of the 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8: Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this 
Form 10-K.
 36

Item 7A: Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Grainger's primary market risk exposures is as follows: 
Foreign Currency Exchange Rates
Grainger’s financial results, including the value of assets and liabilities, are exposed to foreign currency exchange 
rate risk when the financial statements of the business units outside the U.S., as stated in their local currencies, are 
translated into U.S. dollars. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, approximately 18% of the Company's net 
sales were denominated in a currency other than the Company's functional U.S. dollar currency. Consequently, the 
Company is exposed to the impact of exchange rate volatility primarily between the U.S. dollar and the Japanese 
yen, Mexican peso, Canadian dollar and the British pound sterling. A hypothetical 10% change in the relative value 
of the U.S. dollar would not materially impact the Company's net earnings for 2024.
Interest Rate Risks
Grainger is exposed to interest rate risk on its long-term debt. In February 2020, Grainger entered into certain 
derivative instrument agreements to hedge a portion of its fixed-rate long-term debt to manage this risk. The 
annualized effect of a hypothetical 1 percentage point increase in interest rates on Grainger’s variable-rate debt 
obligations would not materially impact the Company's net earnings for 2024.
For debt and derivative instrument information, see Note 5 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in 
Part II, Item 8: Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Form 10-K.
Commodity Price Risks
Grainger’s transportation costs are exposed to fluctuations in the price of fuel and some sourced products contain 
commodity-priced materials. The Company regularly monitors commodity trends and, as a broad line supplier, 
mitigates any material exposure to commodity price risk by having alternative sourcing plans in place that mitigate 
the risk of supplier concentration, passing commodity-related inflation to customers and continuing to scale its 
distribution networks, including its transportation infrastructure. 
 37

Item 8: Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of 
W.W. Grainger, Inc. 
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of W.W. Grainger, Inc. and subsidiaries (the 
Company) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of earnings, comprehensive 
earnings, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, 
and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the 
consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at 
December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the 
period ended December 31, 2024, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. 
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United 
States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on 
criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations 
of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework), and our report dated February 20, 2025 expressed an unqualified 
opinion thereon. 
Basis for Opinion 
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an 
opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with 
the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal 
securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the 
PCAOB. 
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan 
and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material 
misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of 
material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that 
respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and 
disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and 
significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial 
statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter 
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial 
statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to 
accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, 
subjective or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our 
opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical 
audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to 
which it relates. 
 38

Valuation of Goodwill for the Canadian Reporting Unit
Description of the Matter
At December 31, 2024, the goodwill balance of the Canada business reporting unit was 
$114 million. As discussed in Notes 1 and 4 to the financial statements, goodwill is 
tested at the reporting unit level annually during the fourth quarter and more frequently if 
impairment indicators exist. 
Auditing management’s annual goodwill impairment analysis for the Canada business 
reporting unit was complex due to certain assumptions that were significant to the 
analysis. Management performed an annual impairment analysis in the fourth quarter to 
evaluate changes in key assumptions and operating results since the last impairment 
test. The more subjective assumptions used in the analysis were projections of future 
revenue growth and operating expenditures, which are all affected by expectations 
about future market or economic conditions.      
How We Addressed the 
Matter in Our Audit
Our audit procedures included obtaining an understanding, evaluating the design and 
testing the operating effectiveness of controls over the Company’s goodwill impairment 
analysis, including controls over management’s review of the changes in key 
assumptions and operating results since the last impairment test.  
To test management's annual goodwill impairment analysis of the Canada business 
reporting unit, we performed audit procedures that included evaluating the key 
assumptions and operating results considering the relevant events and circumstances 
identified since the date of the last fair value calculation. We compared the significant 
assumptions used by management to current industry and economic trends, changes to 
the Company’s business model, customer product mix, and other relevant factors. We 
also assessed the historical accuracy of management’s estimates and performed 
sensitivity analyses of significant assumptions to evaluate the changes in fair value that 
would result from changes in the assumptions utilized in the last quantitative 
assessment.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2005.
Chicago, Illinois 
February 20, 2025
 39

W.W. Grainger, Inc. and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS
(In millions, except for per share amounts)
For the Years Ended December 31,
2024
2023
2022
Net sales
$ 17,168 
$ 16,478 
$ 
15,228 
Cost of goods sold
10,410 
9,982 
9,379 
Gross profit
6,758 
6,496 
5,849 
Selling, general and administrative expenses
4,121 
3,931 
3,634 
Operating earnings
2,637 
2,565 
2,215 
Other (income) expense:
Interest expense – net
77 
93 
93 
Other – net
(24) 
(28) 
(24) 
Total other expense – net
53 
65 
69 
Earnings before income taxes
2,584 
2,500 
2,146 
Income tax provision
595 
597 
533 
Net earnings
1,989 
1,903 
1,613 
Less net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interest
80 
74 
66 
Net earnings attributable to W.W. Grainger, Inc.
$ 
1,909 
$ 
1,829 
$ 
1,547 
Earnings per share:
Basic
$ 
38.84 
$ 
36.39 
$ 
30.22 
Diluted
$ 
38.71 
$ 
36.23 
$ 
30.06 
Weighted average number of shares outstanding:
Basic
48.9
49.9
50.9 
Diluted
49.0
50.1
51.1 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
 40

W.W. Grainger, Inc. and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE EARNINGS
(In millions of dollars)
For the Years Ended December 31,
2024
2023
2022
Net earnings
$ 
1,989 
$ 
1,903 
$ 
1,613 
Other comprehensive earnings (losses):
Foreign currency translation adjustments
(137) 
(11) 
(101) 
Postretirement benefit plan losses – net of tax expense of $0, 
$2, and $6, respectively       
(1) 
(2) 
(17) 
Total other comprehensive earnings (losses)
(138) 
(13) 
(118) 
Comprehensive earnings – net of tax
1,851 
1,890 
1,495 
Less comprehensive earnings (losses) attributable to 
noncontrolling interest
Net earnings
80 
74 
66 
Foreign currency translation adjustments
(36) 
(21) 
(34) 
Total comprehensive earnings (losses) attributable to 
noncontrolling interest
44 
53 
32 
Comprehensive earnings attributable to W.W. Grainger, Inc.
$ 
1,807 
$ 
1,837 
$ 
1,463 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
 41

W.W. Grainger, Inc. and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In millions of dollars, except for share and per share amounts)
As of December 31,
Assets
2024
2023
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents
$ 
1,036 
$ 
660 
Accounts receivable (less allowance for credit losses of $32 and $35, 
respectively)
2,232 
2,192 
Inventories – net
2,306 
2,266 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
163 
156 
Total current assets
5,737 
5,274 
Property, buildings and equipment – net
1,927 
1,658 
Goodwill
355 
370 
Intangibles – net
243 
234 
Operating lease right-of-use
371 
429 
Other assets
196 
182 
Total assets
$ 
8,829 
$ 
8,147 
Liabilities and shareholders' equity
Current liabilities
Current maturities
499 
34 
Trade accounts payable
952 
954 
Accrued compensation and benefits
324 
327 
Operating lease liability
78 
71 
Accrued expenses
407 
397 
Income taxes payable
45 
48 
Total current liabilities
2,305 
1,831 
Long-term debt
2,279 
2,266 
Long-term operating lease liability
327 
381 
Deferred income taxes and tax uncertainties
101 
104 
Other non-current liabilities
114 
124 
Shareholders' equity
Cumulative preferred stock – $5 par value – 12,000,000 shares authorized; 
none issued or outstanding
— 
— 
Common Stock – $0.50 par value – 300,000,000 shares authorized; 
109,659,219 shares issued
55 
55 
Additional contributed capital
1,399 
1,355 
Retained earnings
13,677 
12,162 
Accumulated other comprehensive losses
(274) 
(172) 
Treasury stock, at cost – 61,326,349 and 60,341,817 shares, respectively
(11,499) 
(10,285) 
Total W.W. Grainger, Inc. shareholders’ equity
3,358 
3,115 
Noncontrolling interest
345 
326 
Total shareholders' equity
3,703 
3,441 
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity
$ 
8,829 
$ 
8,147 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
 42

W.W. Grainger, Inc. and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In millions of dollars)
For the Years Ended December 31,
2024
2023
2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net earnings
$ 
1,989 $ 
1,903 $ 
1,613 
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by 
operating activities:
 Provision for credit losses
23 
23 
19 
 Deferred income taxes and tax uncertainties
(8) 
(9) 
8 
 Depreciation and amortization
237 
214 
205 
Non-cash lease expense
84 
76 
70 
 Net losses (gains) from sales of assets and business divestitures
— 
17 
(14) 
 Stock-based compensation
62 
62 
48 
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable
(110) 
(98) 
(436) 
Inventories
(77) 
(16) 
(412) 
Prepaid expenses and other assets
(36) 
101 
(158) 
Trade accounts payable
20 
(65) 
225 
Operating lease liabilities
(96) 
(88) 
(76) 
Accrued liabilities
20 
(91) 
218 
Income taxes – net
(3) 
(4) 
42 
Other non-current liabilities
6 
6 
(19) 
Net cash provided by operating activities
2,111 
2,031 
1,333 
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures
(541) 
(445) 
(256) 
Proceeds from sales of assets and business divestitures
3 
21 
28 
Other – net
18 
2 
(35) 
Net cash used in investing activities
(520) 
(422) 
(263) 
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from debt
503 
7 
16 
Payments of debt
(39) 
(37) 
(15) 
Proceeds from stock options exercised
30 
34 
26 
Payments for employee taxes withheld from stock awards
(50) 
(37) 
(23) 
Purchases of treasury stock
(1,201) 
(850) 
(603) 
Cash dividends paid
(421) 
(392) 
(370) 
Other – net
(2) 
(3) 
(3) 
Net cash used in financing activities
(1,180) 
(1,278) 
(972) 
Exchange rate effect on cash and cash equivalents
(35) 
4 
(14) 
Net change in cash and cash equivalents
376 
335 
84 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
660 
325 
241 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
$ 
1,036 $ 
660 $ 
325 
Supplemental cash flow information:
Cash payments for interest (net of amounts capitalized)
$ 
111 $ 
109 $ 
91 
Cash payments for income taxes
$ 
606 $ 
615 $ 
479 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
 43

W.W. Grainger, Inc. and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
(In millions of dollars, except for per share amounts)
Common 
Stock
Additional 
Contributed 
Capital
Retained 
Earnings
Accumulated 
Other 
Comprehensive 
Earnings 
(Losses)
Treasury 
Stock
Noncontrolling
Interest
Total
Balance at January 1, 
2022
$ 
55 $ 
1,270 $ 
9,500 $ 
(96) $ 
(8,855) $ 
286 $ 
2,160 
Stock-based 
compensation
— 
40 
— 
— 
12 
1 
53 
Purchases of treasury 
stock
— 
— 
— 
— 
(602) 
(1) 
(603) 
Net earnings
— 
— 
1,547 
— 
— 
66 
1,613 
Other comprehensive 
earnings (losses)
— 
— 
— 
(84) 
— 
(34) 
(118) 
Cash dividends paid 
($6.78 per share)
— 
— 
(347) 
— 
— 
(23) 
(370) 
Balance at December 
31, 2022
$ 
55 $ 
1,310 $ 
10,700 $ 
(180) $ 
(9,445) $ 
295 $ 
2,735 
Stock-based 
compensation
— 
46 
— 
— 
12 
2 
60 
Purchases of treasury 
stock
— 
— 
— 
— 
(852) 
(1) 
(853) 
Net earnings
— 
— 
1,829 
— 
— 
74 
1,903 
Other comprehensive 
earnings (losses)
— 
— 
— 
8 
— 
(21) 
(13) 
Capital contribution
— 
(1) 
— 
— 
— 
3 
2 
Cash dividends paid 
($7.30 per share)
— 
— 
(367) 
— 
— 
(26) 
(393) 
Balance at December 
31, 2023
$ 
55 $ 
1,355 $ 
12,162 $ 
(172) $ 
(10,285) $ 
326 $ 
3,441 
Stock-based 
compensation
— 
47 
— 
— 
(5) 
1 
43 
Purchases of treasury 
stock
— 
— 
— 
— 
(1,209) 
(1) 
(1,210) 
Net earnings
— 
— 
1,909 
— 
— 
80 
1,989 
Other comprehensive 
earnings (losses)
— 
— 
— 
(102) 
— 
(36) 
(138) 
Capital contribution
— 
(3) 
— 
— 
— 
3 
— 
Cash dividends paid 
($8.01 per share)
— 
— 
(394) 
— 
— 
(28) 
(422) 
Balance at December 
31, 2024
$ 
55 $ 
1,399 $ 
13,677 $ 
(274) $ 
(11,499) $ 
345 $ 
3,703 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
 44

NOTE 1 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES 
W.W. Grainger, Inc. is a broad line distributor of maintenance, repair and operating (MRO) products and services 
with operations primarily in North America, Japan and the United Kingdom (U.K.). In this report, the words 
“Grainger” or “Company” mean W.W. Grainger, Inc. and its subsidiaries, except where the context makes it clear 
that the reference is only to W.W. Grainger, Inc. itself and not its subsidiaries.
Principles of Consolidation
The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries over which the 
Company exercises control. All significant intercompany transactions are eliminated from the Consolidated Financial 
Statements. The Company has a controlling ownership interest in MonotaRO, the endless assortment business in 
Japan, with the residual representing the noncontrolling interest. 
The Company reports MonotaRO on a one-month calendar lag allowing for the timely preparation of financial 
statements. This one-month reporting lag is with the exception of significant transactions or events that occur during 
the intervening period. 
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted 
accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions affecting reported amounts in the 
Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes. Actual results may differ from those estimates.
Foreign Currency Translation
The U.S. dollar is the Company's reporting currency for all periods presented. The financial statements of the 
Company’s foreign operating subsidiaries are measured using the local currency as the functional currency. Assets 
and liabilities of the Company’s foreign operating subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate in 
effect at the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at average rates in effect during the period. 
Translation gains or losses are recorded as a separate component of other comprehensive earnings (losses). 
Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes revenue when a sales arrangement with a customer exists (e.g., contract, purchase 
orders, others), the transaction price is fixed or determinable and the Company has satisfied its performance 
obligation per the sales arrangement. 
The majority of Company revenue originates from contracts with a single performance obligation to deliver products, 
whereby performance obligations are satisfied when control of the product is transferred to the customer per the 
arranged shipping terms. Some Company contracts contain a combination of product sales and services, which are 
distinct and accounted for as separate performance obligations and are satisfied when the services are rendered. 
Total service revenue is not material and accounted for approximately 1% of the Company's revenue for the years 
ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.
The Company’s revenue is measured at the determinable transaction price, net of any variable considerations 
granted to customers and any taxes collected from customers and subsequently remitted to governmental 
authorities. Variable considerations include rights to return products and sales incentives, which primarily consist of 
volume rebates. These variable considerations are estimated throughout the year based on various factors, 
including contract terms, historical experience and performance levels. Total accrued sales returns were 
approximately $52 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and are reported as a reduction of Accounts 
receivable – net. Total accrued sales incentives were approximately $109 million and $114 million as of 
December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and are reported as part of Accrued expenses.
The Company records a contract asset when it has a right to payment from a customer that is conditioned on events 
other than the passage of time. The Company also records a contract liability when customers prepay but the 
Company has not yet satisfied its performance obligation. The Company did not have any material unsatisfied 
performance obligations, contract assets or liabilities as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.
 45

Cost of Goods Sold (COGS)
COGS, exclusive of depreciation and amortization, includes the purchase cost of goods sold net of vendor 
considerations, in-bound shipping costs, outbound shipping and handling costs and service costs. The Company 
receives vendor considerations, such as rebates to promote their products, which are generally recorded as a 
reduction to COGS. Rebates earned from vendors that are based on product purchases are capitalized into 
inventory and rebates earned based on products sold are credited directly to COGS. Total accrued vendor rebates 
were $150 million and $155 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and are reported in Trade 
accounts payable.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses (SG&A)
Company SG&A is primarily comprised of payroll and benefits, advertising, depreciation and amortization, lease, 
indirect purchasing, supply chain and branch operations, technology, and selling expenses, as well as other types of 
general and administrative costs.
Advertising
Advertising costs, which include online marketing, are generally expensed in the year the related advertisement is 
first presented or when incurred. Total advertising expense was $750 million, $638 million and $519 million for 2024, 
2023 and 2022, respectively. 
Stock Incentive Plans
The Company measures all share-based payments using fair-value-based methods and records compensation 
expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting periods, net of estimated forfeitures. 
Income Taxes
The Company recognizes the provision for income taxes using the asset and liability method, under which deferred 
tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between 
the financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities, and for operating losses and tax credit carryforwards. 
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the currently enacted tax rates that apply to taxable income in 
effect for the years in which those tax assets are expected to be realized or settled. Also, the Company evaluates 
deferred income taxes to determine if valuation allowances are required using a “more likely than not” standard. 
This assessment considers the nature, frequency and amount of book and taxable income and losses, the duration 
of statutory carryback and forward periods, future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences and tax 
planning strategies, among other matters.
The Company recognizes tax benefits from uncertain tax positions only if (based on the technical merits of the 
position) it is more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained on examination by the tax authority. The 
Company recognizes interest expense and penalties to its tax uncertainties in the provision for income taxes.
Other Comprehensive Earnings (Losses)
The Company's Other comprehensive earnings (losses) include foreign currency translation adjustments and 
unrecognized gains (losses) on postretirement and other employment-related benefit plans. Accumulated other 
comprehensive earnings (losses) (AOCE) are presented separately as part of shareholders' equity. 
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers cash equivalents to be short term, highly liquid investments that are both readily 
convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in 
value because of changes in interest rates.
Concentration of Credit Risk
The Company places temporary cash investments with institutions of high credit quality and, by policy, limits the 
amount of credit exposure to any one institution. Also, the Company has a broad customer base representing many 
diverse industries across North America, Japan and U.K. Consequently, no significant concentration of credit risk is 
considered to exist.
 46

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses
The Company’s accounts receivable arises primarily from sales on credit to customers and are stated at their 
estimated net realizable value. The Company establishes allowances for credit losses on customer accounts that 
are potentially uncollectible. These allowances are determined based on several factors, including the age of the 
receivables, historical collection trends and economic conditions that may have an impact on a specific industry, 
group of customers or a specific customer.
The Company establishes an allowance for credit losses to present the net amount of accounts receivable expected 
to be collected. The allowance is determined by using the loss-rate method, which requires an estimation of loss 
rates based upon historical loss experience adjusted for factors that are relevant to determining the expected 
collectability of accounts receivable. Some of these factors include macroeconomic conditions that correlate with 
historical loss experience, delinquency trends, aging behavior of receivables and credit and liquidity quality 
indicators for industry groups, customer classes or individual customers.
Inventories
Company inventories primarily consist of merchandise purchased for resale. The Company uses the last-in, first-out 
(LIFO) method, valued at the lower of cost or market, to account for approximately 79% of total inventory and the 
first-in, first-out (FIFO) method, valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value, for the remaining inventory. The 
Company regularly reviews inventory to evaluate continued demand and records excess and obsolete provisions 
representing the difference between excess and obsolete inventories and market value. Estimated market value 
considers various variables, including product demand, aging and shelf life, market conditions, and liquidation or 
disposition history and values. 
If FIFO had been used for all of the Company’s inventories, they would have been $804 million and $770 million 
higher than reported as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Concurrently, net earnings 
would have increased by $26 million, $58 million and $139 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 
and 2022, respectively.
Property, Buildings and Equipment
Property, buildings and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed over 
the estimated useful lives of the asset classes using the straight-line method. Useful lives for buildings, structures 
and improvements range from 10 to 50 years and furniture, fixtures, machinery and equipment from 3 to 15 years. 
Amounts expended for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. 
Long-Lived Assets
The carrying value of long-lived assets, primarily property, buildings and equipment and amortizable intangibles, is 
evaluated whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the asset group may be 
impaired. An impairment loss is recognized when estimated undiscounted future cash flows resulting from use of the 
asset, including disposition, are less than their carrying value. Impairment is measured as the amount by which the 
asset's carrying amount exceeds the fair value.
Leases
The Company leases certain properties, buildings and equipment (including branches, warehouses, DCs and office 
space) under various arrangements which provide the right to use the underlying asset and require lease payments 
for the lease term. The Company determines if an arrangement contains a lease at inception. Leases with an initial 
term of more than 12 months are recorded on the balance sheet as right-of-use (ROU) assets representing the right 
to use the underlying asset for the lease term and the corresponding current and long-term lease liabilities 
representing the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease.
ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement or possession date based on the 
present value of lease payments over the lease term and include options to extend or terminate the lease when they 
are reasonably certain to be exercised. The present value of lease payments is determined using the incremental 
borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date. The incremental borrowing 
rate, the ROU asset and the lease liability are re-evaluated upon a lease modification.
Certain lease agreements include variable lease payments that primarily include payments for non-lease 
components including pass-through operating expenses such as certain maintenance costs and utilities, and 
 47

payments for non-components such as real estate taxes and insurance. Lease agreements with fixed lease and 
non-lease components are generally accounted for as a single lease component for all underlying classes of assets. 
Certain of the Company’s lease arrangements contain renewal provisions from 1 to 30 years, exercisable at the 
Company's option. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or 
material restrictive covenants.
The Company’s operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term and is recorded 
in SG&A.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
In a business acquisition, the Company recognizes goodwill as the excess purchase price of an acquired reporting 
unit over the net amount assigned to assets acquired including intangible assets and liabilities assumed. Acquired 
intangibles include both assets with indefinite lives and assets that are subject to amortization, which are amortized 
straight-line over their estimated useful lives. 
The Company tests goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles for impairment annually during the fourth quarter and 
more frequently if impairment indicators exist. The Company performs qualitative assessments of significant events 
and circumstances, such as reporting units' historical and current results, assumptions regarding future 
performance, strategic initiatives and overall economic factors to determine the existence of impairment indicators 
and assess if it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit or indefinite-lived intangible asset is 
less than its carrying value that would necessitate a quantitative impairment test. In the quantitative test, Grainger 
compares the carrying value of the reporting unit or an indefinite-lived intangible asset with its fair value. Any excess 
of the carrying value over fair value is recorded as an impairment charge, presented as part of SG&A.
The fair value of reporting units is calculated primarily using the discounted cash flow method and utilizing value 
indicators from a market approach to evaluate the reasonableness of the resulting fair values. Estimates of market-
participant risk-adjusted weighted average cost of capital are used as a basis for determining the discount rates to 
apply to the reporting units’ future expected cash flows and terminal value.
The Company’s indefinite-lived intangibles are primarily trade names. The fair value of trade names is calculated 
primarily using the relief-from-royalty method, which estimates the expected royalty savings attributable to the 
ownership of the trade name asset. The key assumptions when valuing a trade name are the revenue base, the 
royalty rate and the discount rate.
Additionally, the Company capitalizes certain costs related to the purchase and development of internal-use 
software, which are presented as intangible assets. Amortization of capitalized software is on a straight-line basis 
over 3 or 5 years.
Accounting for Derivative Instruments
The Company recognizes all derivative instruments as assets or liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair 
value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of a derivative instrument depends on whether it has been 
designated and qualifies as part of a hedging relationship and, further, on the type of hedging relationship. 
To qualify for hedge accounting, a derivative must be highly effective at reducing the risk associated with the 
exposure being hedged. In addition, for a derivative to be designated as a hedge, the risk management objective 
and strategy must be documented. Hedge documentation must identify the derivative hedging instrument, the asset 
or liability or forecasted transaction, type of risk to be hedged, and how the effectiveness of the derivative is 
assessed prospectively and retrospectively. To assess effectiveness, the Company uses statistical methods and 
qualitative comparisons of critical terms. The extent to which a derivative has been and is expected to continue to 
be highly effective at offsetting changes in the fair value or cash flows of the hedged item is assessed and 
documented periodically. If it is determined that a derivative is not highly effective at hedging the designated 
exposure, hedge accounting is discontinued. For those derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as 
hedging instruments, the Company classifies them as fair value hedges or cash flow hedges.
Contingencies
The Company records a liability when a particular contingency is both probable and estimable. If the probable loss 
cannot be reasonably estimated, no accrual is recorded, but the loss contingency and the reasons to the effect that 
 48

it cannot be reasonably estimated are disclosed. If a loss is reasonably possible, the Company will provide 
disclosure to that effect. 
For further discussion on the Company's contingencies, see Note 13. 
New Accounting Standards
Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted
In November 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 
280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. This update requires public entities to disclose significant 
segment expenses and other segment items on an annual and interim basis. The effective date is for fiscal years 
beginning after December 15, 2023, with the option to early adopt prior to the effective date and requires application 
on a retrospective basis. The Company adopted this ASU effective December 31, 2024 on a retrospective basis and 
it did not have a material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements. For the related segment reporting 
disclosure, see Note 12. 
Accounting Pronouncements Recently Issued
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax 
Disclosures. This update requires public entities to disclose consistent categories and greater disaggregation of 
information in the rate reconciliation, and income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. The effective date is for 
fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with the option to early adopt prior to the effective date and should 
be applied on prospective basis, but retrospective application is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact of 
the requirements on the related income tax disclosures.
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - 
Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. This 
update requires public entities to disclose required information for inventory purchases, employee compensation, 
depreciation, intangible asset amortization and selling expense. The effective date is for fiscal years beginning after 
December 15, 2026, with the option to early adopt prior to the effective date and should be applied on prospective 
basis, but retrospective application is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact of the requirements on the 
related income statement line items disclosures.
 49

NOTE 2 - REVENUE 
Grainger serves a large number of customers in diverse industries, which are subject to different economic and
market-specific factors. The Company's revenue is primarily comprised of MRO product sales and related activities.
The Company's presentation of revenue by segment and customer industry most reasonably depicts how the 
nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of the Company's revenue and cash flows are affected by economic and
market-specific factors. The majority of Company revenue originates from contracts with a single performance
obligation to deliver products, whereby performance obligations are satisfied when control of the product is
transferred to the customer per the arranged shipping terms. 
The following tables present the Company's percentage of revenue by reportable segment and by customer
industry:
Twelve Months Ended December 31,
2024
2023
2022(1)
High-
Touch 
Solutions
N.A.
Endless
Assortment
Total
Company
(2)
High-
Touch
Solutions
N.A.
Endless
Assortment
Total
Company
(2)
High-
Touch
Solutions
N.A.
Endless
Assortment
Total
Company
(2)
Manufacturing
 31 %
 29 %
 31 %
 30 %
 30 %
 30 %
 31 %
 30 %
 30 %
Government
 19 %
 3 %
 16 %
 19 %
 3 %
 16 %
 18 %
 3 %
 15 %
Wholesale
 7 %
 18 %
 9 %
 7 %
 16 %
 9 %
 7 %
 16 %
 9 %
Commercial
Services
 7 %
 12 %
 8 %
 7 %
 12 %
 8 %
 7 %
 13 %
 8 %
Contractors
 5 %
 12 %
 6 %
 5 %
 12 %
 6 %
 5 %
 12 %
 6 %
Healthcare
 7 %
 2 %
 6 %
 7 %
 2 %
 6 %
 7 %
 2 %
 6 %
Retail
 4 %
 4 %
 4 %
 4 %
 4 %
 4 %
 4 %
 4 %
 4 %
Transportation
 4 %
 2 %
 4 %
 4 %
 2 %
 4 %
 4 %
 2 %
 4 %
Utilities
 3 %
 2 %
 3 %
 3 %
 2 %
 3 %
 3 %
 2 %
 3 %
Warehousing
 3 %
 — %
 2 %
 4 %
 — %
 3 %
 5 %
 — %
 4 %
Other(3)
 10 %
 16 %
 11 %
 10 %
 17 %
 11 %
 9 %
 16 %
 11 %
Total net sales
 100 % 
 100 % 
 100 %
 100 %
 100 %
 100 %
 100 %
 100 %
 100 %
Percent of total
company 
revenue
 80 %
 18 %
 100 %
 81 %
 18 %
 100 %
 80 %
 18 %
 100 %
(1) Customer industry results for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 were reclassified to reflect the Company's
current classifications, which primarily uses the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) beginning January 
1, 2023.
(2) Total Company includes Other, which includes the Cromwell business. Other accounts for approximately 2%, 1% and 2% of 
revenue for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(3) Other primarily includes revenue from industries and customers that are not material individually, including hospitality,
restaurants, property management and natural resources.
 50

NOTE 3 - PROPERTY, BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT
Grainger's property, buildings and equipment consisted of the following (in millions of dollars):
As of
December 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Land and land improvements
$
415  $ 
397 
Building, structures and improvements
1,723
1,469 
Furniture, fixtures, machinery and equipment
1,945
1,852 
Property, buildings and equipment
$
4,083  $ 
3,718 
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization
2,156
2,060 
Property, buildings and equipment, net
$
1,927  $ 
1,658 
Depreciation expense on property, buildings and equipment was $164 million, $146 million and $139 million for the
years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
NOTE 4 - GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Grainger completed its annual impairment testing of goodwill and intangible assets during the fourth quarter of 2024 
and 2023. Based on the results of that testing, the Company did not identify any significant events or changes in
circumstances that indicated the existence of impairment indicators and concluded that it was more likely than not 
that the fair value of the reporting units exceeded their carrying amounts at each respective period.
High-Touch Solutions N.A. – Canada Business
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Canada business reporting unit had goodwill of $114 million and $124 
million, respectively. As part of our annual impairment testing, the Company compared the current results to
forecasted expectations of the most recent quantitative analysis, along with analyzing macroeconomic conditions, 
current industry trends and transactions, and other market data of industry peers. The Company also performed 
various sensitivities over key assumptions, including projections of future revenue growth and operating 
expenditures used in the analysis. The Company did not identify any significant events or changes in circumstances 
that indicated the existence of impairment indicators for its Canada business, and concluded it was more likely than 
not its fair value exceeded its carrying value.  
The Company's balances and changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by segment are as follows (in millions of 
dollars):
High-Touch
Solutions N.A.
Endless
Assortment
Total
Balance at December 31, 2022
$ 
313 
$ 
58 
$ 
371 
Translation
2
(3)
(1)
Balance at December 31, 2023
315
55
370 
Translation
(9)
(6)
(15)
Balance at December 31, 2024
$ 
306 
$ 
49 
$ 
355 
Grainger's cumulative goodwill impairment as of December 31, 2024, was $137 million. No goodwill impairment was
recorded for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.
 51

The balances and changes in intangible assets – net are as follows (in millions of dollars):
As of December 31,
2024
2023
Weighted 
average 
life
Gross 
carrying 
amount
Accumulated 
amortization
Net 
carrying 
amount
Gross 
carrying 
amount
Accumulated 
amortization
Net 
carrying 
amount
Customer lists 
and 
relationships
10.7 years
$ 
164 $ 
155 $ 
9 
$ 
166 $ 
153 $ 
13 
Trademarks, 
trade names 
and other
14.9 years
31 
24 
7 
31 
23 
8 
Non-
amortized 
trade names 
and other
Indefinite
18 
— 
18 
20 
— 
20 
Capitalized 
software
4.3 years
714 
505 
209 
659 
466 
193 
Total intangible 
assets
6.1 years
$ 
927 $ 
684 $ 
243 
$ 
876 $ 
642 $ 
234 
Amortization expense of intangible assets recorded in SG&A was $70 million, $64 million and $61 million for the 
years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. 
Estimated amortization expense for future periods is as follows (in millions of dollars):
Year
 Expense
2025
$ 
76 
2026
62 
2027
48 
2028
30 
2029
9 
Thereafter
— 
Total
$ 
225 
 52

NOTE 5 - DEBT
Total debt, including long-term, current maturities and debt issuance costs and discounts – net, consisted of the 
following (in millions of dollars):
As of December 31,
2024
2023
Carrying
Value
Fair Value 
Carrying
Value
Fair Value
4.60% senior notes due 2045
$ 
1,000 
$ 
894 
$ 
1,000 
$ 
967 
1.85% senior notes due 2025
—
—
500 
483 
4.45% senior notes due 2034
500
477 
—
—
3.75% senior notes due 2046
400
332 
400 
336 
4.20% senior notes due 2047
400
312 
400 
361 
Debt issuance costs – net of amortization and
other
(21)
(21)
(34)
(34)
Long-term debt
2,279 
1,994 
2,266 
2,113 
1.85% senior notes due 2025
500
498 
—
—
Japanese yen term loan
—
—
32
32
Other
(1)
(1)
2
2
Current maturities
$ 
499 
$ 
497 
$ 
34 
$ 
34 
Total debt
$ 
2,778 
$ 
2,491 
$ 
2,300 
$ 
2,147 
Revolving Credit Facility
In October 2023, the Company entered into a five-year unsecured revolving credit facility agreement (2023 Credit 
Facility). Grainger may obtain loans in various currencies on a revolving basis in an aggregate amount not 
exceeding $1.25 billion, which may be increased up to $1.875 billion at the request of the Company, subject to 
obtaining additional commitments and other customary conditions. The primary purpose of the 2023 Credit Facility
is to support the Company's commercial paper program and for general corporate purposes. 
There were no borrowings outstanding under the Company's 2023 Credit Facility as of December 31, 2024 and 
2023. 
Senior Notes
In the years 2015-2020, Grainger issued $2.3 billion in unsecured long-term debt (Senior Notes) primarily to provide
flexibility in funding general working capital needs, share repurchases and long-term cash requirements. The Senior 
Notes require no principal payments until maturity and interest is paid semi-annually. 
In September 2024, Grainger issued $500 million in unsecured 4.45% Senior Notes (4.45% Notes). Grainger 
intends to use the net proceeds from this offering to repay the 1.85% Senior Notes that mature in February 2025
and any remaining net proceeds for general corporate purposes. The 4.45% Notes mature in September 2034, 
require no principal payments until maturity, and interest is paid semi-annually in arrears, beginning March 15, 2025.
The Company incurred debt issuance costs related to the Senior Notes representing underwriting fees and other
expenses. These costs were recorded as a contra-liability in Long-term debt and are being amortized over the term
of the Senior Notes using the straight-line method to Interest expense – net. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, 
the unamortized costs were $22 million and $19 million, respectively.
Grainger uses interest rate swaps with an outstanding notional amount of $450 million as of December 31, 2024 
and 2023, to hedge a portion of the interest rate risk associated with the 1.85% Senior Notes. These derivative
instruments qualified and were designated for fair value hedge accounting treatment. Under this method, the
resulting carrying value adjustments as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, are presented in Other in the table above
and the estimated fair value of the interest rate swaps, based on Level 2 inputs within the fair value hierarchy, are
reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets in Other non-current liabilities. 
 53

The gain or loss on the interest rate swaps as well as the offsetting gain or loss on the 1.85% Senior Notes, are 
recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings in Interest expense – net and the effect for the twelve
months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was not material.
MonotaRO Term Loan
In August 2020, MonotaRO Co., Ltd (MonotaRO) entered into a ¥9 billion term loan agreement to fund technology 
investments and the expansion of its distribution center (DC) network. In the third quarter of 2024, the term loan was 
paid in full.
Fair Value
The estimated fair value of the Company’s senior notes was based on available external pricing data and current 
market rates for similar debt instruments, among other factors, which are classified as Level 2 inputs within the fair 
value hierarchy.
The Company's debt instruments include affirmative and negative covenants that are usual and customary for
companies with similar credit ratings and do not contain any financial performance covenants. The Company was in
compliance with all debt covenants as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.
The Company's foreign subsidiaries utilize various financing sources for working capital purposes and other
operating needs. These financing sources in aggregate were not material as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.
The scheduled aggregate principal payments required on the Company's indebtedness, based on the maturity
dates defined within the debt arrangements, for the succeeding five years, excluding debt issuance costs and the
impact of derivatives, are due as follows (in millions of dollars):
Year
Payment 
Amount
2025
$ 
502
2026
1
2027
—
2028
—
2029
—
Thereafter
2,300
Total
$ 
2,803
NOTE 6 - EMPLOYEE BENEFITS
The Company provides various retirement benefits to eligible team members, including contributions to defined
contribution plans, pension benefits associated with defined benefit plans, postretirement medical benefits and other 
benefits. Eligibility requirements and benefit levels vary depending on team member location. Various foreign benefit 
plans cover team members in accordance with local legal requirements.
Defined Contribution Plans
A majority of the Company's U.S. team members are covered by a retirement savings plan, which provides for an
automatic contribution equal to 6% of the eligible team member's total eligible compensation. The total retirement 
savings plan expense was $91 million, $85 million, and $87 million for 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
The Company sponsors additional defined contribution plans available to certain U.S. and foreign team members 
for which contributions are made by the Company and participating team members. The expense associated with 
these defined contribution plans totaled $20 million, $21 million and $11 million for 2024, 2023 and 2022, 
respectively.
 54

Postretirement Healthcare Benefits Plans
The Company has a postretirement healthcare benefit plan that provides coverage for certain U.S. team members. 
Covered team members become eligible for participation when they qualify for retirement while working for the 
Company. Participation in the plan is voluntary and requires participants to make contributions toward the cost of 
the plan, as determined by the Company.
The net periodic benefits costs were valued with a measurement date of January 1 for each year and consisted of 
the following components (in millions of dollars):
For the Years Ended December 31,
2024
2023
2022
SG&A
Service cost
$ 
2 
$ 
2 
$ 
4 
Other (income) expense
Interest cost
5 
5 
4 
Expected return on assets
(7) 
(6) 
(8) 
Amortization of prior service credit
(9) 
(10) 
(10) 
Amortization of unrecognized gains
(8) 
(7) 
(9) 
Net periodic benefits
$ 
(17) 
$ 
(16) 
$ 
(19) 
Reconciliations of the beginning and ending balances of the postretirement benefit asset, which is calculated as of 
December 31 measurement date, the fair value of plan assets available for benefits and the funded status of the 
benefit asset follow (in millions of dollars):
2024
2023
Benefit obligation at beginning of year
$ 
114 
$ 
112 
Service cost
2 
2 
Interest cost
5 
5 
Plan participants' contributions
3 
3 
Actuarial (gain) loss
(12) 
2 
Benefits paid
(9) 
(10) 
Benefit obligation at end of year
$ 
103 
$ 
114 
Plan assets available for benefits at beginning of year
$ 
173 
$ 
162 
Actual returns on plan assets
11 
18 
Plan participants' contributions
3 
3 
Benefits paid
(9) 
(10) 
Plan assets available for benefits at end of year
178 
173 
Noncurrent postretirement benefit asset
$ 
75 
$ 
59 
The amounts recognized in AOCE consisted of the following (in millions of dollars):
As of December 31,
2024
2023
Prior service credit
$ 
13 
$ 
23 
Unrecognized gains
88 
79 
Deferred tax liability
(25) 
(25) 
Net accumulated gains
$ 
76 
$ 
77 
The Company has elected to amortize the amount of net unrecognized gains over a period equal to the average 
remaining service period for active plan participants expected to retire and receive benefits of approximately 10 
years for 2024.
 55

The postretirement benefit obligation is determined by applying the terms of the plan and actuarial models. These 
models include various actuarial assumptions, including discount rates, long-term rates of return on plan assets, 
healthcare cost trend rate, mortality and cost-sharing between the Company and the retirees. The actuarial gain 
recognized during the plan year is primarily related to the change in discount rate assumption.
The following assumptions were used to determine net periodic benefit costs as of January 1:
For the Years Ended December 31,
2024
2023
2022
Discount rate
 4.73 %
 4.92 %
 2.57 %
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets – net of tax
 4.04 %
 4.04 %
 4.04 %
Initial healthcare cost trend rate (pre age 65)
 7.20 %
 7.50 %
 6.50 %
Ultimate healthcare cost trend rate
 4.50 %
 4.50 %
 4.50 %
Year ultimate healthcare cost trend rate reached
2033
2033
2030
The following assumptions were used to determine benefit obligations as of December 31:
2024
2023
2022
Discount rate
 5.39 %
 4.73 %
 4.92 %
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets – net of tax
 4.04 %
 4.04 %
 4.04 %
Initial healthcare cost trend rate (pre age 65)
 6.90 %
 7.20 %
 7.50 %
Ultimate healthcare cost trend rate
 4.50 %
 4.50 %
 4.50 %
Year ultimate healthcare cost trend rate reached
2033
2033
2033
The Company's investment strategy reflects the long-term nature of the plan obligation and seeks to reach a 
balance allocation between Fixed Income securities and Equities of approximately 65% and 35%, respectively. 
Current allocations may differ from targeted allocations based on investment results and other timing factors. The 
plan's assets are stated at fair value, which represents the net asset value of shares held by the plan in the 
registered investment companies at the quoted market prices (Level 1 input) or at significant other observable 
inputs (Level 2 input). 
The plan assets available for benefits consisted of the following as of December 31 (in millions of dollars):
2024
2023
Asset class
Level 1 inputs:
Mutual funds - corporate bonds fund
10 
10 
Level 2 Inputs:
Fixed Income:
Corporate bonds
48 
56 
Government/municipal bonds
8 
9 
Equity funds
101 
88 
Plan assets
167 
163 
Trust assets
11 
10 
Plan assets available for benefits
$ 
178 
$ 
173 
 56

The Company forecasts the following benefit payments related to postretirement (which include a projection for 
expected future team member service) for the next ten years (in millions of dollars):
Year
Estimated Gross 
Benefit Payments
2025
$ 
9 
2026
9 
2027
9 
2028
8 
2029
8 
2030-2034
41 
Total
$ 
84 
NOTE 7 - LEASES
The Company leases certain properties, buildings and equipment (including branches, warehouses, DCs and office 
space) under various arrangements which provide the right to use the underlying asset and require lease payments 
for the lease term. The Company’s lease portfolio consists mainly of operating leases that expire at various dates 
through 2037. 
Information related to operating leases is as follows (in millions of dollars):
As of December 31,
2024
2023
Right-of-use assets
Operating lease right-of-use
$ 
371 
$ 
429 
Operating lease liabilities
Operating lease liability
78 
71 
Long-term operating lease liability
327 
381 
Total operating lease liabilities
$ 
405 
$ 
452 
As of December 31,
2024
2023
Weighted average remaining lease term
6 years
7 years
Weighted average incremental borrowing rate
 2.57 %
 2.19 %
Cash paid for operating leases
$ 
96 
$ 
88 
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations
$ 
48 
$ 
161 
Rent expense was $103 million, $102 million and $93 million for 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. These amounts 
are net of sublease income of $2 million for 2024, 2023 and 2022.
 57

The remaining maturity of existing lease liabilities as of December 31, 2024 are as follows (in millions of dollars):
Year
Operating Leases
2025
$ 
91 
2026
85 
2027
72 
2028
63 
2029
50 
Thereafter
76 
Total lease payments
437 
Less interest
32 
Present value of lease liabilities
$ 
405 
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company's finance leases and service contracts with lease arrangements 
were not material. Finance leases are reported in Property, buildings and equipment – net, and as a short and long-
term finance lease liability in Accrued expenses and Other non-current liabilities.
NOTE 8 - STOCK INCENTIVE PLANS
The Company maintains stock incentive plans under which the Company may grant a variety of incentive awards to 
team members and executives, which include restricted stock units (RSUs), performance shares and deferred stock 
units. As of December 31, 2024, there were 1.4 million shares available for grant under the plans. When awards are 
exercised or settled, shares of the Company’s treasury stock are issued.
Pretax stock-based compensation expense included in SG&A was $62 million, $62 million, and $48 million in 2024, 
2023 and 2022, respectively, and was primarily comprised of RSUs. Related income tax benefits recognized in 
earnings were $34 million, $34 million, and $19 million in 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Restricted Stock Units
The Company awards RSUs to certain team members and executives. RSUs vest generally over periods from one 
to seven years from issuance. The RSU grant date fair value is based on the closing price of the Company's 
common stock on the last trading day preceding the date of the grant. RSU expense for the years ended December 
31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 was approximately $48 million, $43 million and $34 million, respectively. 
The following table summarizes RSU activity (in millions of dollars, except for share and per share amounts):
2024
2023
2022
Shares
Weighted
Average 
Price Per 
Share
Shares
Weighted
Average 
Price Per 
Share
Shares
Weighted
Average 
Price Per 
Share
Beginning nonvested units
172,984 $ 
550.62 
191,032 $ 
409.77 
202,321 $ 
318.40 
Issued
57,012 $ 1,008.98 
81,174 $ 
692.02 
96,940 $ 
520.67 
Canceled
(10,221) $ 
701.36 
(7,943) $ 
512.31 
(17,038) $ 
345.30 
Vested
(83,575) $ 
489.57 
(91,279) $ 
384.92 
(91,191) $ 
336.99 
Ending nonvested units
136,200 $ 
768.64 
172,984 $ 
550.62 
191,032 $ 
409.77 
Fair Value of Shares Vested
$ 
41 
$ 
35 
$ 
31 
As of December 31, 2024, there was $67 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested 
RSUs the Company expects to recognize over a weighted average period of 2 years.
 58

NOTE 9 - CAPITAL STOCK
The Company had no shares of preferred stock outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. The activity related 
to outstanding common stock and common stock held in treasury was as follows:
2024
2023
2022
Outstanding 
Common 
Stock
Treasury 
Stock
Outstanding 
Common 
Stock
Treasury 
Stock
Outstanding 
Common 
Stock
Treasury 
Stock
Balance at beginning of 
period
 49,317,402  60,341,817  50,256,323  59,402,896  51,220,205  58,439,014 
Exercise of stock options
113,274 
(113,274) 
139,189 
(139,189) 
101,802 
(101,802) 
Settlement of restricted 
stock units – net of 
39,118, 32,800 and 
31,132 shares retained, 
respectively
79,400 
(79,400) 
83,795 
(83,795) 
64,649 
(64,649) 
Settlement of performance 
share units – net of 
9,629, 18,521 and 
10,359 shares retained, 
respectively
15,110 
(15,110) 
28,135 
(28,135) 
13,890 
(13,890) 
Purchase of treasury shares  (1,192,316)  1,192,316 
(1,190,040)  1,190,040 
(1,144,223)  1,144,223 
Balance at end of period
 48,332,870  61,326,349  49,317,402  60,341,817  50,256,323  59,402,896 
NOTE 10 - ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE EARNINGS (LOSSES) (AOCE)
The components of AOCE consisted of the following (in millions of dollars):
Foreign 
Currency 
Translation 
and Other
Defined 
Postretirement 
Benefit Plan
Other 
Employment-
related 
Benefit Plans
Total
Foreign 
Currency 
Translation 
Attributable to 
Noncontrolling 
Interests
AOCE 
Attributable to 
W.W. 
Grainger, Inc.
Balance at December 31, 2022 
– net of tax
$ 
(320) $ 
82 $ 
(6) $ 
(244) $ 
(64) $ 
(180) 
Other comprehensive earnings 
(loss) before reclassifications – 
net of tax
$ 
(11) $ 
8 $ 
3 $ 
— $ 
(21) $ 
21 
Amounts reclassified to net 
earnings
$ 
— $ 
(13) $ 
— $ 
(13) $ 
— $ 
(13) 
Net current period activity
$ 
(11) $ 
(5) $ 
3 $ 
(13) $ 
(21) $ 
8 
Balance at December 31, 2023 
– net of tax
$ 
(331) $ 
77 $ 
(3) $ 
(257) $ 
(85) $ 
(172) 
Other comprehensive earnings 
(loss) before reclassifications – 
net of tax
$ 
(137) $ 
12 $ 
— $ 
(125) $ 
(36) $ 
(89) 
Amounts reclassified to net 
earnings
$ 
— $ 
(13) $ 
— $ 
(13) $ 
— $ 
(13) 
Net current period activity
$ 
(137) $ 
(1) $ 
— $ 
(138) $ 
(36) $ 
(102) 
Balance at December 31, 2024 
– net of tax
$ 
(468) $ 
76 $ 
(3) $ 
(395) $ 
(121) $ 
(274) 
 59

NOTE 11 - INCOME TAXES 
Earnings before income taxes by geographical area consisted of the following (in millions of dollars):
For the Years Ended December 31,
2024
2023
2022
U.S.
$ 
2,265 $ 
2,211 
$ 
1,903 
Foreign
319 
289 
243 
Total
$ 
2,584 $ 
2,500 
$ 
2,146 
Income tax expense consisted of the following (in millions of dollars):
For the Years Ended December 31,
2024
2023
2022
Current income tax expense:
U.S. Federal
$ 
404 
$ 
431 
$ 
374 
U.S. State
84 
100 
77 
Foreign
89 
81 
78 
Total current
577 
612 
529 
Deferred income tax (benefit) expense 
18 
(15) 
4 
Total income tax expense
$ 
595 
$ 
597 
$ 
533 
The income tax effects of temporary differences that gave rise to the net deferred tax asset (liability) as of 
December 31, 2024 and 2023 were as follows (in millions of dollars):
As of December 31,
2024
2023
Deferred tax assets:
Accrued expenses
172 
177 
U.S. and foreign loss carryforwards
82 
84 
Accrued employment-related benefits
42 
51 
Tax credit carryforward
20 
22 
Other
23 
30 
Deferred tax assets
339 
364 
 Less valuation allowance
(100) 
(93) 
Deferred tax assets – net of valuation allowance
$ 
239 
$ 
271 
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property, buildings, equipment and other capital assets
(216) 
(238) 
Intangibles
(55) 
(58) 
Inventory
(16) 
(11) 
Other
(14) 
(11) 
Deferred tax liabilities
(301) 
(318) 
Net deferred tax liability
$ 
(62) $ 
(47) 
The net deferred tax asset (liability) is classified as follows:
Noncurrent assets
$ 
15 
$ 
10 
Noncurrent liabilities (foreign)
(77) 
(57) 
Net deferred tax liability
$ 
(62) $ 
(47) 
 60

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had $328 million and $335 million, respectively, of gross loss 
carryforwards related to foreign operations and U.S. transactions. Some of the loss carryforwards may expire at 
various dates through 2044. The Company has recorded a valuation allowance, which represents a provision for 
uncertainty as to the realization of the tax benefits of these carryforwards and deferred tax assets that may not be 
realized. 
The Company's valuation allowance changed as follows (in millions of dollars):
For the Years Ended 
December 31,
2024
2023
Balance at beginning of period
$ 
(93) $ 
(71) 
Increases primarily related to foreign NOLs
(8) 
(5) 
Releases primarily related to foreign NOLs
— 
1 
Foreign exchange rate changes
1 
(2) 
Decrease related to U.S. foreign tax credits
2 
3 
Increase related to capital loss carryforwards
(1) 
(19) 
Other changes – net
(1) 
— 
Balance at end of period
$ 
(100) $ 
(93) 
A reconciliation of income tax expense with federal income taxes at the statutory rate follows (in millions of dollars): 
For the Years Ended December 31,
2024
2023
2022
Federal income tax
$ 
543 
$ 
525 
$ 
451 
State income taxes – net of federal income tax benefit
68 
74 
64 
Stock compensation
(16) 
(16) 
(5) 
Foreign rate difference
33 
31 
26 
Change in valuation allowance(1)
2 
6 
7 
Other – net
(35) 
(23) 
(10) 
Income tax expense
$ 
595 
$ 
597 
$ 
533 
Effective tax rate
 23.0 %
 23.9 %
 24.8 %
(1) Net of changes in related tax attributes.
The decrease to the Company's effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2024 was primarily driven by the 
expiration of a statute of limitation period in 2024.
Foreign Undistributed Earnings
Estimated gross undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, totaled $651 
million and $544 million, respectively. The Company considers these undistributed earnings permanently reinvested 
in its foreign operations and is not recording a deferred tax liability for any foreign withholding taxes on such 
amounts. If at some future date the Company ceases to be permanently reinvested in its foreign subsidiaries, the 
Company may be subject to foreign withholding and other taxes on these undistributed earnings and may need to 
record a deferred tax liability for any outside basis difference in its investments in its foreign subsidiaries.
Tax Uncertainties
The Company recognizes in the financial statements a provision for tax uncertainties, resulting from application of 
complex tax regulations in multiple tax jurisdictions. 
 61

The changes in the liability for tax uncertainties, excluding interest, are as follows (in millions of dollars):
For the Years Ended December 31,
2024
2023
2022
Balance at beginning of year
$ 
42 
$ 
41 
$ 
38 
Additions for tax positions related to the current year
3 
6 
4 
Additions for tax positions of prior years
— 
1 
2 
Reductions for tax positions of prior years
(1) 
(1) 
— 
Reductions due to statute lapse
(22) 
(3) 
(2) 
Settlements, audit payments, refunds – net
(1) 
(2) 
(1) 
Balance at end of year
$ 
21 
$ 
42 
$ 
41 
The Company classifies the liability for tax uncertainties in deferred income taxes and tax uncertainties. Included in
this amount is $4 million as of December 31, 2024, of tax positions for which the ultimate deductibility is highly 
certain but for which there is uncertainty about the timing of such deductibility. Any changes in the timing of 
deductibility of these items would not affect the annual effective tax rate but would accelerate the payment of cash 
to the taxing authorities to an earlier period. In 2024, 2023 and 2022, the changes to tax positions were primarily 
related to the impact of expiring statutes and current year state and local reserves. 
The Company is regularly subject to examination of its federal income tax returns by the Internal Revenue Service 
(IRS). The Company’s 2021 and 2022 tax years are currently under IRS audit. Tax year 2023 is open. The 
Company is also subject to audit by state, local and foreign taxing authorities. Tax years 2012 through 2023 remain 
subject to state, local and foreign audits. The amount of liability associated with the Company's tax uncertainties 
may change within the next 12 months due to pending audit activity, expiring statute of limitations periods or tax 
payments.
 62

NOTE 12 - SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Company routinely evaluates whether its operating and reportable segments continue to reflect the way the 
chief operating decision maker (CODM) evaluates the business. The determination is based on: (1) how the 
Company’s CODM evaluates the performance of the business, including resource allocation decisions, and (2) 
whether discrete financial information for each reporting segment is available. The Company considers D.G. 
Macpherson, its Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board, its CODM.
The CODM evaluates performance based on the results of the Company’s two reportable segments High-Touch 
Solutions N.A. and Endless Assortment. These reportable segments align with Grainger's go-to-market strategies 
and bifurcated business models of high-touch solutions and endless assortment that generate sales primarily 
through the distribution of MRO products. The remaining businesses are classified as Other to reconcile to 
consolidated results. These businesses individually and in the aggregate do not meet the criteria of a reportable 
segment.
The accounting policies of the Company’s reportable segments are the same as those described in the summary of 
significant accounting policies. For further discussion on Grainger’s accounting policies, see Note 1.
All expenses directly attributable to each reportable segment are included in the operating results for each segment. 
Operating segment performance is evaluated by Grainger's CODM based on operating earnings as disclosed on 
the Company's Consolidated Statement of Earnings as the key determinant of the economic return and resource 
allocation among the segments. The CODM is not regularly provided and does not evaluate the segments using 
total asset or capital expenditure information and it is therefore not disclosed.
The following is a summary of segment results for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 (in 
millions of dollars):
2024
High-Touch 
Solutions N.A
Endless 
Assortment
Total
Net sales(1)
$ 
13,720 $ 
3,134 $ 
16,854 
Reconciliation of net sales
Other net sales
314 
 Total company net sales 
$ 
17,168 
Less:
Cost of goods sold
7,979 
2,211 
Other segment items(2)
3,356 
663 
 Segment operating earnings
$ 
2,385 $ 
260 $ 
2,645 
Reconciliation of operating earnings
Other operating earnings
(8) 
 Total company operating earnings
$ 
2,637 
 63

2023
High-Touch 
Solutions N.A
Endless 
Assortment
Total
Net sales(1)
$ 
13,267 $ 
2,916 $ 
16,183 
Reconciliation of net sales
Other net sales
295 
 Total company net sales 
$ 
16,478 
Less:
Cost of goods sold
7,721 
2,052 
Other segment items(2)
3,212 
631 
 Segment operating earnings
$ 
2,334 $ 
233 $ 
2,567 
Reconciliation of operating earnings
Other operating earnings (losses)
(2) 
 Total company operating earnings
$ 
2,565 
2022
High-Touch 
Solutions N.A
Endless 
Assortment
Total
Net sales(1)
$ 
12,182 $ 
2,787 $ 
14,969 
Reconciliation of net sales
Other net sales
259 
 Total company net sales 
$ 
15,228 
Less:
Cost of goods sold
7,231 
1,970 
Other segment items(2)
2,968 
594 
 Segment operating earnings
$ 
1,983 $ 
223 $ 
2,206 
Reconciliation of operating earnings
Other operating earnings
9 
 Total company operating earnings
$ 
2,215 
(1) Intersegment sales are recorded at values based on market prices, which creates intercompany profit sales that are 
eliminated within each segment to present only the impact of net sales to external customers.
(2) Other segment items for HTSNA and EA consist of selling, general and administrative expenses primarily comprised of 
payroll and benefits, marketing expense, depreciation, amortization and non-cash lease expense, corporate overhead 
expenses allocated to each segment based upon benefits received, occupancy and other miscellaneous expenses. 
Intersegment expenses including fees and certain incurred costs for shared services are also included within the amounts 
shown above.
Depreciation, amortization and non-cash lease expense presented below is related to long-lived assets, capitalized 
software and ROU assets. Long-lived assets consist of property, buildings and equipment.
 64

2024
2023
2022
Depreciation, amortization and non-cash lease expense:
High-Touch Solutions N.A.
$ 
234 
$ 
206 
$ 
168 
Endless Assortment
71 
63 
35 
Other
6 
8 
3 
Total 
$ 
311 
$ 
277 
$ 
206 
Following is revenue by geographic location for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 (in 
millions of dollars):
2024
2023
2022
Revenue by geographic location(1):
United States
$ 
13,947 
$ 
13,389 
$ 
12,325 
Japan
1,893 
1,797 
1,719 
Canada
661 
646 
621 
Other foreign countries
667 
646 
563 
$ 
17,168 
$ 
16,478 
$ 
15,228 
(1) Revenue presented above is attributed to the destination country where the customer is located.
The Company is a broad line distributor of MRO products. Products are regularly added and removed from the 
Company's inventory. Accordingly, it would be impractical to provide sales information by product category due to 
the way the business is managed, and the dynamic nature of the inventory offered, including the evolving list of 
products stocked and additional products available online but not stocked. For further information regarding the 
Company's sales by segment and major customer industry, see Note 2.
NOTE 13 - CONTINGENCIES AND LEGAL MATTERS
From time to time the Company is involved in various legal and administrative proceedings, including claims related 
to: product liability, safety or compliance; privacy and cybersecurity matters; negligence; contract disputes; 
environmental issues; unclaimed property; wage and hour laws; intellectual property; advertising and marketing; 
consumer protection; pricing (including disaster or emergency declaration pricing statutes); employment practices; 
regulatory compliance, including trade and export matters; anti-bribery and corruption; and other matters and 
actions brought by team members, consumers, competitors, suppliers, customers, governmental entities and other 
third parties.
The Company remains in litigation involving KMCO, LLC (KMCO) as previously disclosed. The Company continues 
to contest the remaining KMCO-related lawsuits and cannot predict the timing, outcome or any estimate of possible 
loss or range of losses on the remaining KMCO lawsuits. 
Also, as a government contractor selling to federal, state and local governmental entities, the Company may be 
subject to governmental or regulatory inquiries or audits or other proceedings, including those related to contract 
administration, pricing and product compliance.
While the Company is unable to predict the outcome of any of these proceedings and other matters, it believes that 
their ultimate resolution will not have, either individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on the 
Company’s consolidated financial condition or results of operations.
NOTE 14 - SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
On January 29, 2025, Grainger's Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $2.05 per share of 
common stock, payable March 1, 2025 to shareholders of record on February 10, 2025. 
On February 18, 2025 Grainger repaid the principal amount of $500 million for the 1.85% Senior Notes that matured 
in February 2025. 
 65

Item 9: Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.
Item 9A: Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosures and Controls
The Company, under the supervision and with the participation of its management, including the Chief Executive 
Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of Grainger's 
disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended 
(Exchange Act). Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer concluded 
that Grainger's disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.
Management's Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
The management of W.W. Grainger, Inc. (Grainger) is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate 
internal control over financial reporting. Grainger's internal control system was designed to provide reasonable 
assurance to Grainger's management and Board of Directors regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the 
preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally 
accepted in the United States of America.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements 
under all potential conditions. Therefore, effective internal control over financial reporting provides only reasonable, 
and not absolute, assurance with respect to the preparation and presentation of financial statements.
Grainger's management assessed the effectiveness of Grainger's internal control over financial reporting as of 
December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the 
Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). Based 
on its assessment under that framework and the criteria established therein, Grainger's management concluded that 
Grainger's internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2024. 
Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has audited Grainger's internal control over 
financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, as stated in their report, which is included herein.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes to Grainger's internal control over financial reporting for the quarter ending December 31, 
2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, Grainger's internal control over 
financial reporting.
 66

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of 
W.W. Grainger, Inc. 
Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited W.W. Grainger, Inc. and subsidiaries’ internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 
2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of 
Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, W.W 
Grainger, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over 
financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on the COSO criteria. 
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United 
States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the related 
consolidated statements of earnings, comprehensive earnings, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the 
three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, and the related notes and our report dated February 20, 2025 
expressed an unqualified opinion thereon. 
Basis for Opinion 
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for 
its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying 
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an 
opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting 
firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with 
the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange 
Commission and the PCAOB. 
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and 
perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting 
was maintained in all material respects. 
Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a 
material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on 
the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We 
believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. 
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance 
regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in 
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting 
includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, 
accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable 
assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance 
with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made 
only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable 
assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s 
assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. 
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. 
Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may 
become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or 
procedures may deteriorate. 
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Chicago, Illinois
February 20, 2025
 67

Item 9B: Other Information
None of the Company's directors or officers adopted, modified or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or 
a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement during the Company's quarter ended December 31, 2024. 
Item 9C: Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections
None.
 68

PART III
Item 10: Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to Grainger's proxy statement relating to the 
annual meeting of shareholders to be held April 30, 2025, under the captions “Board Qualifications, Attributes, Skills 
and Background,” “Annual Election of Directors,” “Candidates for Board Membership,” “Director Nominees’ 
Experience and Qualifications,” “Audit Committee,” and “Board Affairs and Nominating Committee”. Information 
required by this item regarding executive officers of Grainger is set forth in Part I, Item 1, under the caption 
“Information about our Executive Officers.”
Grainger has adopted a code of ethics that applies to its principal executive officer, principal financial officer and 
principal accounting officer and controller. This code of ethics is part of Grainger’s Business Conduct Guidelines for 
directors, officers and team members, which is available free of charge through Grainger’s website at 
invest.grainger.com. A copy of the Business Conduct Guidelines is also available in print without charge to any 
person upon request to Grainger's Corporate Secretary. Grainger intends to disclose on its website any amendment 
to any provision of the Business Conduct Guidelines that relates to any element of the definition of “code of ethics” 
enumerated in Item 406(b) of Regulation S-K under the Exchange Act and any waiver from any such provision 
granted to Grainger’s principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer and controller 
or persons performing similar functions. Grainger has also adopted Operating Principles for the Board of Directors, 
which are available on its website and are available in print to any person who requests them.
The Company has adopted an insider trading policy and program that govern the purchase, sale and other 
disposition of its securities by the Company’s directors, officers, team members and contractors, and family 
members of any of the foregoing, as well as the Company itself. The insider trading policy provides that the 
Company will comply with insider trading laws, rules and regulations and the New York Stock Exchange listing 
standards. The foregoing summary of the Company’s insider trading policy and program is qualified in its entirety by 
reference to the full text thereof attached hereto as Exhibit 19.
Item 11: Executive Compensation
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to Grainger’s proxy statement relating to the 
annual meeting of shareholders to be held April 30, 2025, under the captions “Director Compensation,” 
“Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” “Compensation Committee of the Board,” “Report of the Compensation 
Committee of the Board,” and “CEO Pay Ratio.”
Item 12: Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder 
Matters
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to Grainger's proxy statement relating to the 
annual meeting of shareholders to be held April 30, 2025, under the captions “Ownership of Grainger Stock” and 
“Equity Compensation Plans.”
Item 13: Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to Grainger's proxy statement relating to the 
annual meeting of shareholders to be held April 30, 2025, under the captions “Director Independence,” “Annual 
Election of Directors” and “Transactions with Related Persons.”
Item 14: Principal Accountant Fees and Services
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to Grainger's proxy statement relating to the 
annual meeting of shareholders to be held April 30, 2025, under the caption “Audit Fees and Audit Committee Pre-
Approval Policies and Procedures.”
 69

PART IV
Item 15: Exhibits and Financial Statements Schedules
(a)    Documents filed as part of this Form 10-K
(1)     All Financial Statements
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Page
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM PCAOB ID: 42
38
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS FOR THE YEARS ENDED 
DECEMBER 31, 2024, 2023 AND 2022
40
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE EARNINGS FOR THE YEARS 
ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024, 2023 AND 2022
41
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023
42
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEARS ENDED 
DECEMBER 31, 2024, 2023 AND 2022
43
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY FOR THE YEARS 
ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024, 2023 AND 2022
44
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
45
(2)    Financial Statement Schedules: the schedules listed in Rule 5-04 of Regulation S-X have been omitted 
because they are either not applicable or the required information is shown in the Consolidated Financial 
Statements or notes thereto.
(3)     Exhibits Required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K
EXHIBIT INDEX
EXHIBIT NO.
DESCRIPTION
2.1
Share Purchase Agreement, dated as of July 30, 2015, by and among Grainger, GWW UK 
Holdings Limited, Gregory Family Office Limited and Michael Gregory, incorporated by 
reference to Exhibit 2.1 to W.W. Grainger, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 31, 
2015.
3.1
Restated Articles 
of 
Incorporation, 
incorporated 
by 
reference 
to 
Exhibit 
3(i) 
to 
W.W. Grainger, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 1998.
3.2
By-laws, as amended on March 9, 2017, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1.1 to 
W.W. Grainger, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 9, 2017.
4.1
Indenture, dated as of June 11, 2015, between W.W. Grainger, Inc. and U.S. Bank National 
Association, as trustee, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to W.W. Grainger, Inc.’s Current 
Report on Form 8-K dated June 11, 2015.
4.2
First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of June 11, 2015, between W.W. Grainger, Inc. and U.S. 
Bank National Association, as trustee, and Form of 4.60% Senior Notes due 2045, incorporated 
by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to W.W. Grainger, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 11, 
2015.
4.3
Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 16, 2016, between W.W. Grainger, Inc., and 
U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to 
W.W. Grainger, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 16, 2016.
4.4
Third Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 22, 2017, between W.W. Grainger, Inc., and 
U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to 
W.W. Grainger, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 22, 2017.
4.5
Form of 3.75% Senior Notes due 2046 (included in Exhibit 4.3), incorporated by reference to 
Exhibit 4.1 to W.W. Grainger, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 16, 2016.
4.6
Form of 4.20% Senior Notes due 2047 (included in Exhibit 4.4), incorporated by reference to 
Exhibit 4.1 to W.W. Grainger, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 22, 2017.
4.7
Description of Registrant's Securities Pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 
1934.**
4.8
Fourth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of February 26, 2020, between W.W. Grainger, Inc., 
and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to W.W. 
Grainger, Inc.'s Current Report on Form 8-K dated February 21, 2020.
 70

4.9
Form of 1.85% Senior Notes due 2025 (included in Exhibit 4.8), incorporated by reference to 
Exhibit 4.1 to W.W. Grainger, Inc.'s Current Report on Form 8-K dated February 21, 2020.
4.10
Fifth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of September 12, 2024, by and between the Company 
and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as Trustee (including Form of Note), 
incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to W.W. Grainger, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q 
for the quarter ended September 30, 2024.
10.1
Form of Indemnification Agreement between W.W. Grainger, Inc. and each of its directors and 
certain of its executive officers, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(b)(i) to 
W.W. Grainger, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2009.*
10.2
Frozen Executive Death Benefit Plan, as amended, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 
10(b)(v) to W.W. Grainger, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 
2007.*
10.3
First amendment to the Frozen Executive Death Benefit Plan, incorporated by reference to 
Exhibit 10(b)(v)(1) to W.W. Grainger, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended 
December 31, 2008.*
10.4
Second amendment to the Frozen Executive Death Benefit Plan, incorporated by reference to 
Exhibit 10(b)(iv)(2) to W.W. Grainger, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended 
December 31, 2009.*
10.5
Supplemental Profit Sharing Plan, as amended, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(viii) to 
W.W. Grainger, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003.*
10.6
Supplemental Profit Sharing Plan II, as amended, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(b)(ix) 
to W.W. Grainger, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007.*
10.7
Voluntary Salary and Incentive Deferral Plan, as amended, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 
10(b)(xi) to W.W. Grainger, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 
2007.*
10.8
Summary Description of the Directors Compensation Program.*
10.9
2010 Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Appendix B of W.W. Grainger, Inc.’s Proxy 
Statement dated March 12, 2010.*
10.10
Summary Description of the Company Management Incentive Program, incorporated by 
reference to Exhibit 10.10 to W.W. Grainger, Inc's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year 
ended December 31, 2023.* 
10.11
Incentive Program Recoupment Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(b)(xxv) to 
W.W. Grainger, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009.*
10.12
Form of Change in Control Employment Agreement between W.W. Grainger, Inc. and certain of 
its executive officers, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(b)(xxvii) to W.W. Grainger, Inc.’s 
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010.*
10.13
W.W. Grainger, Inc. 2015 Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit B of 
W.W. Grainger, Inc.’s Proxy Statement dated March 13, 2015.*
10.14
First Amendment to the W.W. Grainger, Inc. 2015 Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to 
10.1 of W.W. Grainger, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 
2017.*
10.15
W.W. Grainger, Inc. 2015 Incentive Plan as Amended and Restated Effective October 31, 2018, 
incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to W.W. Grainger, Inc.'s Quarterly Report on Form 10-
Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2018.*
10.16
Form of Stock Option Award Agreement between W.W. Grainger, Inc. and certain of its 
executive officers, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to W.W. Grainger, Inc.’s Quarterly 
Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2016.*
10.17
Form of Stock Option Award Agreement between W.W. Grainger, Inc. and certain of its 
executive officers, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to W.W. Grainger, Inc.’s Quarterly 
Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2017.*
10.18
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement between W.W. Grainger, Inc. and certain of its 
executive officers, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to W.W. Grainger, Inc.’s Quarterly 
Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2017.*
10.19
Form of 2017 Performance Share Award Agreement between W.W. Grainger, Inc. and certain of 
its executive officers, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to W.W. Grainger, Inc.’s 
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2017.*
10.20
Form of 2018 W.W. Grainger, Inc. 2015 Incentive Plan Stock Option Agreement between W.W. 
Grainger, Inc. and certain of its executive officers, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to 
W.W. Grainger, Inc.'s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018.*
 71

10.21
Form of 2018 W.W. Grainger, Inc. 2015 Incentive Plan Restricted Stock Unit Agreement 
between W.W. Grainger, Inc. and certain of its executive officers, incorporated by reference to 
Exhibit 10.4 to W.W. Grainger, Inc.'s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended 
March 31, 2018.*
10.22
Form of 2018 W.W. Grainger, Inc. 2015 Incentive Plan Performance Restricted Stock Unit 
Agreement between W.W. Grainger, Inc. and certain of its executive officers, incorporated by 
reference to Exhibit 10.5 to W.W. Grainger, Inc.'s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter 
ended March 31, 2018.*
10.23
Form of 2019 W.W. Grainger, Inc. 2015 Stock Incentive Plan Stock Option Agreement between 
W.W. Grainger, Inc. and certain of its executive officers, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 
10.1 to W.W. Grainger, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 
2019.*
10.24
Form of 2019 W.W. Grainger, Inc. 2015 Stock Incentive Plan Restricted Stock Unit Agreement 
between W.W. Grainger, Inc. and certain of its executive officers, incorporated by reference to 
Exhibit 10.2 to W.W. Grainger, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended 
March 31, 2019.*
10.25
Form of 2019 W.W. Grainger, Inc. 2015 Stock Incentive Plan Performance Restricted Stock Unit 
Agreement between W.W. Grainger, Inc. and certain of its executive officers, incorporated by 
reference to Exhibit 10.3 to W.W. Grainger, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter 
ended March 31, 2019.*
10.26
Credit Agreement dated as of February 14, 2020, by and among W.W. Grainger, Inc., the 
lenders party thereto, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent, incorporated 
by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to W.W. Grainger, Inc.'s Current Report on Form 8-K dated 
February 14, 2020. 
10.27
First Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of August 29, 2022, by and among W.W. 
Grainger, Inc., the lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase, N.A., as Administrative Agent, 
incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to W.W. Grainger, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8 K 
dated August 30, 2022.
10.28
Form of 2020 W.W. Grainger, Inc. 2015 Incentive Plan Restricted Stock Unit Agreement 
between W.W. Grainger, Inc. and certain of its executive officers, incorporated by reference to 
Exhibit 10.1 to W.W. Grainger, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended 
March 31, 2020.*
10.29
Form of 2020 W.W. Grainger, Inc. 2015 Incentive Plan Performance Stock Unit Agreement 
between W.W. Grainger, Inc. and certain of its executive officers, incorporated by reference to 
Exhibit 10.2 to W.W. Grainger, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended 
March 31, 2020.*
10.30
2022 Form of W.W. Grainger, Inc. 2015 Incentive Plan Performance Stock Unit Agreement 
between W.W. Grainger, Inc. and certain of its executive officers incorporated by reference to 
Exhibit 10.35 to W.W. Grainger, Inc.'s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended 
December 31, 2021.*
10.31
2022 Form of W.W. Grainger, Inc. 2022 Incentive Plan Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement 
between W.W. Grainger, Inc. and certain of its executive officers, incorporated by reference to 
Exhibit 10.1 to W.W. Grainger, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 
30, 2022.*
10.32
2022 Form of W.W. Grainger, Inc. 2022 Incentive Plan Performance Stock Unit Award 
Agreement between W.W. Grainger, Inc. and certain of its executive officers, incorporated by 
reference to Exhibit 10.2 to W.W. Grainger, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter 
ended June 30, 2022.*
10.33
W.W. Grainger, Inc. 2022 Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Appendix C of the 
Company's Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed on March 17, 2022.*
10.34
Compensation Continuation - Severance Policy Guidance, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 
10.1 to W.W. Grainger, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 
30, 2022.*
10.35
2023 Form of W.W. Grainger, Inc. 2022 Incentive Plan Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement 
between W.W. Grainger, Inc. and certain of its executive officers, incorporated by reference to 
Exhibit 10.41 to W.W. Grainger, Inc.'s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended 
December 31, 2022.*
10.36
2023 Form of W.W. Grainger, Inc. 2022 Incentive Plan Performance Stock Unit Award 
Agreement between W.W. Grainger, Inc. and certain of its executive officers, incorporated by 
reference to Exhibit 10.42 to W.W. Grainger, Inc.'s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year 
ended December 31, 2022.*
 72

10.37
Shareholder Agreement, Dated as of February 17, 2023, by and among W.W. Grainger, Inc. 
and MonotaRO Co., Ltd., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.43 to W.W. Grainger, Inc.'s 
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.*
10.38
Transition Agreement and General Release, dated July 6, 2023, by and between John L. 
Howard and W.W. Grainger, Inc., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to W.W. Grainger, 
Inc.'s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2023.*
10.39
Credit Agreement dated as of October 11, 2023, by and among W.W. Grainger, Inc. the lenders 
party thereto, and JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent, incorporated by 
reference to Exhibit 10.1 to W.W. Grainger, Inc.'s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 
12, 2023.  
10.40
Separation Agreement and General Release between W.W. Grainger, Inc. and Matthew E. 
Fortin dated as of August 23, 2024.**
10.41
2024 Form of W.W. Grainger, Inc. 2022 Incentive Plan Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement 
between W.W. Grainger, Inc. and certain of its executive officers, incorporated by reference to 
Exhibit 10.1 to W.W. Grainger, Inc's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended 
March 31, 2024.*
10.42
2024 Form of W.W. Grainger, Inc. 2022 Incentive Plan Performance Stock Unit Award 
Agreement between W.W. Grainger, Inc. and certain of its executive officers, incorporated by 
reference to Exhibit 10.2 to W.W. Grainger, Inc's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter 
ended March 31, 2024.*
10.43
2024 Form of Confidentiality, Invention Assignment, Non-Competition and Non-Solicitation 
Agreement between W.W. Grainger, Inc. and certain of its executive officers, incorporated by 
reference to Exhibit 10.3 to W.W. Grainger, Inc's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter 
ended March 31, 2024.*
19
Insider Trading Policy.**
21
Subsidiaries of Grainger.**
23
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.**
31.1
Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 
2002.**
31.2
Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 
2002.**
32
Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 
Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.***
97
W.W. Grainger, Inc. Financial Statement Executive Compensation Recoupment Policy (effective 
October 25, 2023), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 97 to W.W. Grainger, Inc's Annual 
Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.
101.INS
XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the interactive data file 
because its XBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document.** 
101.SCH
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.**
101.CAL
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.**
101.DEF
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.**
101.LAB
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.**
101.PRE
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.**
104
Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).**
(*)  Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
(**)  Filed herewith.
(***)  Furnished herewith.
 73

Item 16: Form 10-K Summary
None.
 74

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly 
caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
DATE:  February 20, 2025
W.W. GRAINGER, INC.
By:
/s/ D.G. Macpherson
D.G. Macpherson
Chairman of the Board 
and Chief Executive Officer
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the 
following persons on behalf of the registrant on February 20, 2025, in the capacities indicated.
/s/ D.G. Macpherson
/s/ Rodney C. Adkins
D.G. Macpherson
Rodney C. Adkins
Chairman of the Board
Director
and Chief Executive Officer, Director
(Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ George Davis
George Davis
/s/ Deidra C. Merriwether
Director
Deidra C. Merriwether
Senior Vice President
/s/ Katherine D. Jaspon
and Chief Financial Officer
Katherine D. Jaspon
(Principal Financial Officer)
Director
/s/ Laurie R. Thomson
/s/ Chris Klein
Laurie R. Thomson
Chris Klein
Vice President and Controller
Director
(Principal Accounting Officer)
/s/ Stuart L. Levenick
Stuart L. Levenick
Director
/s/ Neil S. Novich
Neil S. Novich
Director
/s/ E. Scott Santi
E. Scott Santi
Director
 75

Exhibit 21
W.W. GRAINGER, INC.
Subsidiaries and Affiliated Companies
(as of February 14, 2025)
Subsidiary
Jurisdiction of Formation
Acklands - Grainger Inc.
Canada
Apex Industrial Limited
Scotland
Bogle and Timms Limited
United Kingdom
C.J. Bent & Son Limited
United Kingdom
Cromwell Czech Republic s.r.o.
Czechia
Cromwell Group (Holdings) Limited
United Kingdom
Cromwell Group (Holdings) Limited (Branch)
United Kingdom
Cromwell Group (International) Limited
United Kingdom
Cromwell Industrial Supplies Private Limited
India
Cromwell Sp. z. o. o
Poland
Cromwell Tools (Thailand) Co. Ltd.
Thailand
Cromwell Tools Limited
United Kingdom
Cromwell Tools Limited Magyarországi Fióktelepe
United Kingdom
Cromwell Tools Sdn. Bhd
Malaysia
Dayton Electric Manufacturing Co.
Illinois
Gamut Supply LLC
Delaware
GHC Specialty Brands, LLC
Wisconsin
GMMI LLC
Delaware
Grainger Canada Holdings ULC
AB, Canada
Grainger Caribe, Inc.
Illinois
Grainger Colombia Holding Company, LLC
Delaware
Grainger Corporate Services LLC
Illinois
Grainger Global Holdings, Inc.
Delaware
Grainger Global Online Business Ltd.
United Kingdom
Grainger Global Trading (Shanghai) Co., Ltd First Branch
China
Grainger Global Trading (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.
China
Grainger Guam L.L.C.
Guam
Grainger HK Limited
China
Grainger Industrial Supply India Private Limited
India
Grainger International Holdings B.V.
Netherlands
Grainger International, Inc.
Illinois
Grainger Management LLC
Illinois
Grainger Mexico LLC
Delaware
Grainger Panama Services S. de R.L.
Panama
Grainger Procurement Company LLC
Illinois
Grainger Registry Services, LLC
Delaware
Grainger Service Holding Company, Inc.
Delaware
Grainger Services International Inc.
Illinois
Grainger Singapore Pte. Ltd.
Singapore
Grainger, S.A. de C.V.
Mexico
 76

GWW UK Holdings Ltd
United Kingdom
Imperial Supplies Holdings, Inc.
Delaware
Imperial Supplies LLC
Delaware
India Pacific Brands
Mauritius
MonotaRO Co., Ltd.
Japan
Mountain Ventures WWG, LLC
Delaware
MRO Soluciones, S.A. de C.V.
Mexico
Norwell Engineering Limited
United Kingdom
PT Cromwell Tools
Indonesia
Red Agate LLC
Oregon
Red Mercury LLC
Delaware
Safety Registry Services, LLC
Delaware
Safety Solutions, Inc.
Ohio
Tooling & Engineering Distributors (TED) Limited
Ireland
Tooling & Engineering Distributors (TED) NI Limited
Northern Ireland
WFS (USA) Ltd.
South Carolina
WFS Holding Company Inc.
Michigan
WFS Ltd.
ON, Canada
Windsor Factory Supply Inc.
Michigan
WWG de Mexico, S.A. de C.V.
Mexico
WWG Servicios, S.A. de C.V.
Mexico
WWGH LLC
Delaware
Zoro IP Holdings, LLC
Illinois
Zoro Tools, Inc.
Delaware
Zoro UK Limited
United Kingdom
77

 Exhibit 23
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We consent to the incorporation by reference in the following Registration Statements:   
(1) Registration Statement (Form S-3 No. 333-271476) of W.W. Grainger, Inc.
(2) Registration Statement (Form S-3 No. 333-236530) of W.W. Grainger, Inc.
(3) Registration Statement (Form S-3 No. 333-203444) of W.W. Grainger, Inc.
(4) Registration Statement (Form S-4 No. 33-32091 and Post-Effective Amendment No.1) of W.W. 
Grainger, Inc.
(5) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 33-43902) pertaining to the 1990 Long Term Stock Incentive 
Plan of W.W. Grainger, Inc.
(6) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-166345) pertaining to the 2010 Incentive Plan of W.W. 
Grainger, Inc.
(7) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-203715) pertaining to the 2015 Incentive Plan of W.W. 
Grainger, Inc.
(8) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-264519) pertaining to the 2022 Incentive Plan of W.W. 
Grainger, Inc.
of our reports dated February 20, 2025, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of W.W. 
Grainger, Inc. and Subsidiaries and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting of W.W. 
Grainger, Inc. and Subsidiaries included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K of W. W. Grainger, Inc. for 
the year ended December 31, 2024.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Chicago, Illinois
February 20, 2025
 78

CERTIFICATION
Exhibit 31.1
I, D.G. Macpherson, certify that:
1.
I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of W.W. Grainger, Inc.;
2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a
material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such
statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly
present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as
of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.
The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls
and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial
reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to
be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its
consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period
in which this report is being prepared;
b)
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial
reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of
financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with
generally accepted accounting principles;
c)
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this
report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of
the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d)
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred
during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an
annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal
control over financial reporting; and
5.
The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal
control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of
directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a)
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over
financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process,
summarize and report financial information; and
b)
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant
role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.
Date: February 20, 2025 
By:
/s/ D.G. Macpherson       
Name:
D.G. Macpherson
Title:
Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer
79

CERTIFICATION
Exhibit 31.2
I, Deidra C. Merriwether certify that:
1.
I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of W.W. Grainger, Inc.;
2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a
material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such
statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly
present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as
of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.
The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls
and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial
reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to
be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its
consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period
in which this report is being prepared;
b)
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial
reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of
financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with
generally accepted accounting principles;
c)
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this
report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of
the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d)
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred
during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an
annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal
control over financial reporting; and
5.
The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal
control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of
directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a)
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over
financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process,
summarize and report financial information; and
b)
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant
role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.
Date: February 20, 2025 
By:
/s/ Deidra C. Merriwether       
Name:
Deidra C. Merriwether
Title:
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
80

Exhibit 32
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K of W.W. Grainger, Inc. (“Grainger”) for the annual period ended 
December 31, 2024, (the “Report”), D.G. Macpherson, as Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of 
Grainger, and Deidra C. Merriwether, as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Grainger, each hereby 
certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 
2002, that:
1.
The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934; and
2.
The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and
results of operations of Grainger.
/s/ D.G. Macpherson
D.G. Macpherson
Chairman of the Board and 
Chief Executive Officer
February 20, 2025
/s/ Deidra C. Merriwether
Deidra C. Merriwether
Senior Vice President and 
Chief Financial Officer
February 20, 2025
81

2024
2023
2022
2021
2020
Financial Summary ($M)
Net sales ($M)
$   17,168
$16,478
$15,228
$13,022
$11,797
Earnings per share 
$     38.84 
$  36.39
$  30.22
$  19.94
$  12.88
Diluted earnings per share 
$     38.71
$  36.23
$  30.06
$  19.84
$  12.82
Cash dividends paid per share
$       8.01
$    7.30
$    6.78
$    6.39
$    5.94
Year-end stock price
$1,054.05
$828.69
$556.25
$518.74
$408.34
2024
2023
2022
2021
2020
Ratios
Percent of return on average shareholders’ equity
53.4%
59.2%
63.2%
49.0%
33.5%
Percent of return on average total capitalization
29.5%
31.9%
28.2%
21.1%
14.7%
Earnings before income taxes as a percent of 
net sales
15.1%
15.2%
14.1%
11.4%
8.0%
Earnings as a percent of net sales
11.1%
11.1%
10.2%
8.0%
5.9%
Cash dividends paid as a percent of net earnings
22.1%
21.4%
23.9%
34.2%
48.6%
Total debt as a percent of total capitalization1
42.9%
40.1%
45.9%
52.2%
53.4%
Current assets as a percent of total assets
65.0%
64.7%
65.6%
60.9%
62.3%
Current assets to current liabilities2
2.9
2.8
2.5
2.7
2.6
Average inventory turnover – FIFO
3.2
3.4
3.2
3.4
3.3
Average inventory turnover – LIFO
4.6
4.4
4.6
4.6
4.5
2024
2023
2022
2021
2020
Other Data
Average number of shares outstanding – basic
48,887,368
49,928,185
50,855,934
51,920,631
53,508,750
Average number of shares outstanding – diluted
49,043,763
50,146,031
51,119,249
52,199,386
54,098,335
Number of team members
26,400
26,100
26,000
24,200
23,100
Number of sales representatives
4,310
4,310
4,060
4,050
4,200
Number of branches
397
397
390
391
407
Number of products in the Grainger catalog 
issued February 1
330,922
313,332
362,502
338,224
345,912
Historical Financial Summary   
(As reported) 
1 Effective 2023, total debt as a percent of total capitalization excludes the Company’s lease liabilities. Historical percentages have been updated to conform to the  
  current year presentation.
2 The ratio of current assets to current liabilities excludes the Company’s cash equivalents, current maturities of debt, and short-term lease liabilities. Historical  
 percentages have been updated to conform to the current year presentation.
82

Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2024
Total Company
High-Touch Solutions N.A.
Endless Assortment
Other
$
Operating 
Margin % 
$
Operating 
Margin % 
$
Operating 
Margin % 
$
Operating 
Margin % 
Reported operating earnings
$2,637
15.4%
$2,385
17.4%
$260
8.3%
(8)
(2.5)%
Restructuring4
16
0.1%
15
0.1%
—
0.0%
1
0.3%
Adjusted operating earnings 
$2,653
15.5%
$2,400
17.5%
$260
8.3%
(7)
(2.2)%
Non-GAAP Reconciliations 
(As reported, in millions of dollars)
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2024
Total Company
High-Touch Solutions N.A.
Endless Assortment
Other
Reported sales
4.2%
3.4%
7.5%
6.4%
   Daily impact1
(0.8)%
(0.8)%
(0.9)%
(0.8)%
Daily sales
3.4%
2.6%
6.6%
5.6%
Business divestiture2
0.4%
0.5%
0.0%
0.0%
Foreign currency exchange3
0.9%
0.1%
5.0%
(2.9)%
Daily, organic constant  
currency sales
4.7%
3.2%
11.6%
2.7%
2024 Adjusted ROIC
Q4 2024
Q3 2024
Q2 2024
Q1 2024
Q4 2023
Adjusted operating earnings (FY 2024) (A)
$2,653
Total assets 
$8,829
$8,617
$8,352
$8,400
$8,147
Less: Cash equivalents
     (731)
   (772)
   (552)
   (635)
  (473)
Less: Deferred and prepaid income taxes
   (29)
     (65)
     (74)
    (11)
     (19)
Less: Right of use asset
   (371)
   (400)
   (396)
   (408)
   (429)
Plus: LIFO reserves
  804
   794
   786
   778
  770
Less: Working liabilities6
(1,738)
(1,837)
(1,838)
(1,871)
(1,761)
Total net working assets (5-point avg) (B)
$6,373
$6,764
$6,337
$6,278
$6,253
$6,235
Adjusted ROIC (A/B)
41.6%
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 
2024
2023
$
%
$
%
Reported SG&A
$4,121
24.0%
$3,931
23.8%
   Adjustment5
(16)
(0.1)%
(26)
(0.1)%
Adjusted SG&A
$4,105
23.9%
$3,905
23.7%
Twelve Months Ended December 31,
 Year over Year Variance
2024
2023
%
Reported net earnings
$1,909
$1,829
4%
   Adjustment5
12
22
Adjusted net earnings
$1,921
$1,851
4%
Reported diluted earnings  
per share
$38.71
$36.23
7%
   Adjustment5 
0.25
0.44
Adjusted diluted earnings  
per share
$38.96
$36.67
6%
1 Excludes the impact on sales due to the difference in U.S. selling days relative to the prior year period on a daily basis. There were 256 and 254 sales days in the  
 full year 2024 and 2023, respectively.
2 Reflects the divestiture of Grainger’s subsidiary, E&R Industrial Sales, Inc. (E&R), completed in the fourth quarter of 2023.
3 Excludes the impact on sales due to year-over-year foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations on a daily basis.
4 Reflects restructuring costs in Grainger’s HTS-N.A. segment and Other business incurred in the second quarter of 2024.
5 Reflects restructuring costs in Grainger’s HTS-N.A. segment and Other business incurred in the second quarter of 2024 and the loss on divestiture of Grainger’s  
 subsidiary, E&R, completed in the fourth quarter of 2023.
6 Defined as sum of trade accounts payable, accrued compensation and benefits, accrued contributions to employee retirement savings plans and accrued expenses.
83

Board of Directors 
Rodney C. Adkins 
Former Senior Vice President, 
International Business Machines 
Corporation; President, 3RAM Group LLC
(2, 3*)
George S. Davis 
Former Interim Chief Executive Officer, 
Pallidus; Former Executive Vice 
President and Chief Financial Officer, 
Intel Corporation
(1,* 2)
Katherine D. Jaspon
Chief Financial Officer, Inspire Brands, Inc.
(1, 2)
Christopher J. Klein 
Former Executive Chairman and Chief 
Executive Officer, Fortune Brands 
Home & Security, Inc.
(1, 2)
Stuart L. Levenick 
Former Group President, Caterpillar Inc.
(1, 2*  †)
D.G. Macpherson
Chairman of the Board and Chief 
Executive Officer, W.W. Grainger, Inc.
Cindy J. Miller
Former Director, President and Chief 
Executive Officer, Stericycle, Inc.
(2, 3)
Neil S. Novich 
Former Chairman of the Board, 
President and Chief Executive Officer, 
Ryerson Inc.
(1, 2)
Beatriz R. Perez 
Executive Vice President and 
Global Chief Communications, 
Sustainability & Strategic Partnerships 
Officer, The Coca-Cola Company 
(2, 3)
E. Scott Santi  
Non-Executive Chairman and  
Former Chief Executive Officer, 
Illinois Tool Works Inc. 
(1, 2)
Susan Slavik Williams
Founder, President, and Manager, 
Four Palms Ventures; President 
and Director, The Donald Slavik 
Family Foundation
(2, 3)
Lucas E. Watson 
Partner, Archer Venture Capital and 
Former President, MSG Sphere at 
Madison Square Garden Entertainment 
Corp.
(2, 3)
Steven A. White
Former President, Special Counsel 
to the Chief Executive Officer, 
Comcast Cable
(2, 3)
Grainger Leadership Team
D.G. Macpherson
Chairman of the Board and 
Chief Executive Officer
Nancy Berardinelli-Krantz
Senior Vice President and 
Chief Legal Officer
Nadalie Bosse
Group Vice President, 
Customer Experience
Jay Feece
Interim Chief Human Resources Officer 
and Vice President, Global Total Rewards 
Barry I. Greenhouse
Senior Vice President, Merchandising 
and Supplier Management
Anand Lal
Group Vice President, Supply Chain
Jonny LeRoy
Senior Vice President and 
Chief Technology Officer
Deidra C. Merriwether
Senior Vice President and 
Chief Financial Officer
Rob Reynolds
Senior Vice President, 
Branch and DC Operations
Paige K. Robbins
Senior Vice President and 
President, Grainger Business Unit
Masaya Suzuki
Senior Vice President, Managing Director, 
Endless Assortment Business
Brian Walker
Senior Vice President and 
Chief Product Officer
(1) 	Member of Audit Committee
(2) 	Member of Board Affairs and Nominating Committee
(3) 	Member of Compensation Committee
 † 	Lead Director
* Committee Chair
84

Shareholder and Media Information 
Company Headquarters 
W.W. Grainger, Inc. 
100 Grainger Parkway 
Lake Forest, Illinois 60045-5201 
847.535.1000 
Annual Meeting 
The 2025 Annual Meeting of Shareholders will be held  
on April 30, 2025 at 10:00 am Central Time. Shareholders of 
W.W. Grainger, Inc. as of March 3, 2025 (the “Record Date”) 
may attend the meeting virtually, via webcast format. A link to 
access the meeting will be available on invest.grainger.com.
Auditor 
Ernst & Young LLP 
155 North Wacker Drive 
Chicago, Illinois 60606-1787
Common Stock  
The Company’s common stock is listed on the New York 
Stock Exchange under the trading symbol GWW.
Transfer Agent, Registrar and Dividend Disbursing Agent 
Instructions and inquiries regarding transfers, certificates, 
changes of title or address, lost or missing dividend checks, 
consolidation of accounts and elimination of multiple mailings 
should be directed to:
First Class/Registered/Certified Mail	
 
Computershare Investor Services  
P.O. Box 43078                                             
Providence, RI 02940-3078      	
 
800.446.2617
Computershare Investor Services  
150 Royall St., Suite 101 
Canton, MA 02021
As an alternative, online registered shareholder accounts  
may be accessed at: computershare.com/investor.
Dividend Direct Deposit 
Shareholders of record have the opportunity to have  
their quarterly dividends electronically deposited directly  
into their checking, money market or savings accounts 
at financial institutions that participate in the automated 
clearinghouse system.  
Shareholders who are interested in taking advantage of  
this service can enroll using Computershare’s Quick Access  
Hub at computershare.com/quhub or can contact them for  
more information.
Investor Relations Contact 
Kyle Bland  
Vice President, Investor Relations 
InvestorRelations@grainger.com
Grainger’s Annual Report to Shareholders, Form  
10-K, Form 10-Q, Form 8-K, proxy statement and  
other reports filed with the Securities and Exchange 
Commission, as well as news releases, including  
quarterly earnings, may be accessed free of charge at the 
Investor Relations section of the Company’s website at  
invest.grainger.com. For more information, contact  
Investor Relations at InvestorRelations@grainger.com.
Requests of other Company-related information should 
be made to the Office of the Corporate Secretary at the 
Company’s headquarters.
Media Relations Contact 
Erin Ptacek 
Vice President, Communications and Public Affairs
Communications@grainger.com

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