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Western Copper and Gold Corporation

wrn · AMEX Basic Materials
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Exchange AMEX
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Industry Industrial Materials
Employees 15
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FY2021 Annual Report · Western Copper and Gold Corporation
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Western Copper and Gold Corporation 
(An exploration stage company) 

Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 

(Expressed in Canadian dollars) 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Responsibility for Financial Reporting 

The  accompanying  consolidated  financial  statements  of  Western  Copper  and  Gold  Corporation  (the 
“Company”)  have  been  prepared  by  management  and  are  in  accordance  with  International  Financial 
Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.  

Management has developed and maintains a system of internal control to provide reasonable assurance 
that assets are safeguarded and financial information is accurate and reliable.  Further information on the 
Company’s internal control over financial reporting and its disclosure controls is available in management’s 
report on internal control, which follows.   

The  Board  of  Directors  approves  the  consolidated  financial  statements  and  ensures  that  management 
discharges its financial reporting responsibilities. The Board’s review is accomplished primarily through the 
Audit Committee, which is composed of non-executive directors. The Audit Committee meets periodically 
with management and the auditors to review financial reporting and control matters. 

The  Company’s  independent  auditors,  PricewaterhouseCoopers  LLP,  have  audited  the  Company’s 
consolidated financial statements on behalf of the shareholders and their report follows. 

/s/ Paul West-Sells 
Paul West-Sells 
President and Chief Executive Officer 

/s/ Varun Prasad 
Varun Prasad 
Chief Financial Officer 

March 24, 2022 
Vancouver, Canada 

- 2 -

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting 

Management of Western Copper and Gold Corporation (the “Company”) is responsible for establishing and 
maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting.  The Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, 
in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) thereunder, defines this as a process designed by, or under the supervision 
of, the Company’s principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by the Company’s Board 
of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability 
of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with 
generally accepted accounting principles, and includes those policies and procedures that: 

  Pertain  to  the  maintenance  of  records  that  accurately  and  fairly  reflect,  in  reasonable  detail,  the 

transactions of the Company; 

  Provide  reasonable  assurance  that  transactions  are  recorded  as  necessary  to  permit  preparation  of 
financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the 
International  Accounting  Standards  Board,  and  that  receipts  and  expenditures  of  the  Company  are 
made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of Company; and 

  Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use 
or disposition of the Company’s assets that may have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated 
financial statements. 

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect all 
misstatements on a timely basis.  Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness of internal control 
over financial reporting to future periods are subject to risk that controls may become inadequate because 
of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.   

Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of 
December 31, 2021, based on the criteria established by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of 
the Treadway Commission (COSO) in its Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013).  Management 
also assessed the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures.   

Based on these assessments, management concludes that the Company’s internal control over financial 
reporting and its disclosure controls and procedures was not effective as of December 31, 2021 due to the 
existence  of  a  material  weakness.    A  material  weakness  existed  in  the  design  of  internal  control  over 
financial reporting caused by a lack of adequate segregation of duties in the financial close process.  The 
Chief Financial Officer is responsible for preparing, authorizing, and reviewing information that is key to the 
preparation of financial reports.  He is also responsible for preparing and reviewing the resulting financial 
reports.  This weakness has the potential to result in material misstatements in the Company’s financial 
statements and should also be considered a material weakness in its disclosure controls and procedures. 

Management has concluded, and the Audit Committee has agreed, that taking into account the present 
stage of Western Copper and Gold Corporation’s development, the Company does not have sufficient size 
and scale to warrant the hiring of additional staff to correct the material weakness at this time.   

/s/ Paul West-Sells 
Paul West-Sells 
President and Chief Executive Officer 

/s/ Varun Prasad 
Varun Prasad 
Chief Financial Officer 

March 24, 2022 
Vancouver, Canada 

- 3 -

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 

To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of Western Copper and Gold Corporation 

Opinion on the Financial Statements 
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Western Copper and Gold Corporation and its 
subsidiaries (together, the Company) as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the related consolidated statements of 
loss and comprehensive loss, cash flows and changes in shareholders' equity for the years then ended, including the 
related notes (collectively referred to as the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated 
financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 
2021 and 2020, and its financial performance and its cash flows for the years then ended in conformity with 
International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. 

Basis for Opinion 
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to 
express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public 
accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are 
required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the 
applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. 

We conducted our audits of these consolidated financial statements in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. 
Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the 
consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not 
required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our 
audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of 
expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we 
express no such opinion. 

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial 
statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures 
included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial 
statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by 
management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that 
our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. 

/s/PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP 

Chartered Professional Accountants 

Vancouver, Canada 
March 24, 2022 

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2006. 

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP 
PricewaterhouseCoopers Place, 250 Howe Street, Suite 1400, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6C 3S7 
T: +1 604 806 7000, F: +1 604 806 7806 

“PwC” refers to PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an Ontario limited liability partnership. 

4

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Western Copper and Gold Corporation 
Consolidated Financial Statements 
 (Expressed in Canadian dollars) 

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS  

ASSETS 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Short-term investments 
Marketable securities 
Other assets 
CURRENT ASSETS 

Right-of-use assets 
Exploration and evaluation assets 

ASSETS 

LIABILITIES 

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 
Current portion of lease obligation 
Flow-through premium liability 
CURRENT LIABILITIES 

Lease obligations 

LIABILITIES 

SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY 

Share capital 
Contributed surplus 
Deficit 

Note 

December 31, 2021 
$ 

December 31, 2020 
$

4 
5 

6 

7 

8 

30,688,210 
16,073,639 
1,104,400 
860,529 
48,726,778 

413,047 
66,348,061 

28,647,190 
- 
736,960 
677,905 
30,062,055 

- 
53,748,013 

115,487,886 

83,810,068 

2,228,673 
171,167 
759,525 
3,159,365 

262,151 

1,181,866 
- 
1,408 
1,183,274 

- 

3,421,516 

1,183,274 

183,190,992 
35,472,638 
(106,597,260) 

150,897,421 
34,617,746 
(102,888,373)

SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY 

112,066,370 

82,626,794 

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

115,487,886 

83,810,068 

Approved by the Board of Directors 

   /s/ Ken Williamson      Director                                     /s/ Klaus Zeitler      Director 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements 

- 5 -

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Western Copper and Gold Corporation 
Consolidated Financial Statements 
 (Expressed in Canadian dollars) 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF LOSS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS  

For the year ended December 31,  

Depreciation 
Filing and regulatory fees 
Office and administration 
Professional fees 
Rent and utilities 
Share-based payments 
Shareholder communication and travel 
Wages and benefits 

CORPORATE EXPENSES 

Foreign exchange loss  
Interest income 
Flow-through premium recovery 
Unrealized gain on marketable securities 

Note 

10b 

11 

7 
5 

2021 
$ 

103,261 
271,405 
598,300 
371,168 
- 
1,240,229 
778,266 
1,807,788 

2020 
$ 

- 
204,967 
230,577 
150,210 
120,178 
557,101 
306,227 
1,175,802 

5,170,417 

2,745,062 

11,153 
(207,960) 
(897,283) 
(367,440) 

7,237 
(14,115) 
(128,367) 
(576,460) 

LOSS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS 

3,708,887 

2,033,357 

Basic and diluted loss per share 

0.03 

0.02 

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding 

144,266,435 

114,929,140 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements 

- 6 -

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Western Copper and Gold Corporation 
Consolidated Financial Statements 
 (Expressed in Canadian dollars) 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS 

For the year ended December 31,  

Cash flows provided by (used in) 

Note 

2021 
$ 

2020 
$ 

OPERATING ACTIVITIES 
Loss and comprehensive loss 

ITEMS NOT AFFECTING CASH 

Depreciation 
Finance costs 
Flow-through premium recovery 
Unrealized gain on marketable securities 
Share-based payments 

(3,708,887) 

(2,033,357) 

103,261 
25,620 
(897,283) 
(367,440) 
1,240,229 
104,387 

- 
- 
(128,367) 
(576,460) 
557,101 
(147,726) 

Change in non-cash working capital items 

12 

(264,989) 

(188,509) 

OPERATING ACTIVITIES 

FINANCING ACTIVITIES 

Private placement proceeds 
Private placement issuance costs 
Exercise of stock options 
Lease payments  
Equity offering 
Equity offering costs 

(3,869,489) 

(2,369,592)

8 
8 
10a 

8 
8 

33,634,423 
(1,560,618) 
1,348,500 
(108,610) 
- 
- 

6,430,000 
(179,147) 
854,834 
- 
28,751,035 
(1,170,636) 

FINANCING ACTIVITIES 

33,313,695 

34,686,086 

INVESTING ACTIVITIES 
Purchase of short-term investments 
Mineral property expenditures 

(16,000,000) 
(11,403,186) 

- 
(5,311,025) 

INVESTING ACTIVITIES 

(27,403,186) 

(5,311,025)

CHANGE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS 

2,041,020 

27,005,469 

Cash and cash equivalents – Beginning  

28,647,190 

1,641,721 

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS - ENDING 

30,688,210 

28,647,190 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements 

- 7 -

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
Western Copper and Gold Corporation 
Consolidated Financial Statements 
 (Expressed in Canadian dollars) 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY  

Number of 
Shares 

Share 
Capital 
$ 

Contributed 
Surplus 
$ 

Deficit 

$ 

Shareholders’ 
Equity 
$ 

DECEMBER 31, 2019 

107,636,001 

116,908,713 

33,942,501 

(100,855,016)  49,996,198 

Private Placement (note 8b) 
   Gross proceeds 
   Issuance costs 
   Allocation of warrant value 
Private Placement (note 8b) 
   Gross proceeds 
   Flow-through premium (note 7) 
   Issuance costs 
Equity offering (note 8b) 
Equity offering costs 
Exercise of stock options 
Share-based payments 
Loss and comprehensive loss 

3,000,000 
- 
- 

4,000,000 
- 
- 
19,828,300 
- 
1,133,334 
- 
- 

1,950,000 
(104,490) 
(351,000) 

- 
- 
351,000 

4,480,000 
(40,000) 
(74,657) 
28,751,035 
(1,803,636) 
1,181,456 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
(326,622) 
650,867 
- 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
(2,033,357) 

1,950,000 
(104,490) 
- 

4,480,000 
(40,000) 
(74,657) 
28,751,035 
(1,803,636) 
854,834 
650,867 
(2,033,357) 

DECEMBER 31, 2020 

135,597,635 

150,897,421 

34,617,746 

(102,888,373)  82,626,794 

Private Placement (note 8b) 
   Gross proceeds 
   Issuance costs 
Private Placement (note 8b) 
   Gross proceeds 
   Flow-through premium (note 7) 
   Issuance costs 
Exercise of stock options 
Share-based payments 
Loss and comprehensive loss 

11,808,490 
- 

25,624,423 
(865,829) 

- 
- 

- 
- 

25,624,423 
(865,829) 

2,670,000 
- 
- 
1,350,000 
- 
- 

8,010,000 
(1,655,400) 
(694,788) 
1,875,165 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
(526,665) 
1,381,557 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
(3,708,887) 

8,010,000 
(1,655,400) 
(694,788) 
1,348,500 
1,381,557 
(3,708,887) 

DECEMBER 31, 2021 

151,426,125 

183,190,992 

35,472,638 

(106,597,260)  112,066,370 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements 

- 8 -

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Western Copper and Gold Corporation  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 
 (Expressed in Canadian dollars) 

1.  NATURE OF OPERATIONS  

Western Copper and Gold Corporation (together with its subsidiaries, “Western” or the “Company”) is an 
exploration stage company that is directly engaged in exploration and development of the Casino mineral 
property located in Yukon, Canada (the “Casino Project”). 

The Company is incorporated in British Columbia, Canada.  Its head office is located at 1200 – 1166 Alberni 
Street, Vancouver, British Columbia.     

The Company will need to raise additional funds to complete the development of the Casino Project.  While 
Western has been successful in raising sufficient capital to fund its operations in the past, there can be no 
assurance that it will be able to do so in the future.   

2.  BASIS OF PRESENTATION 

a.  Statement of compliance 

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting 
Standards  as  issued  by  the  International  Accounting  Standards  Board  (“IFRS”).  The  financial 
statements are prepared under the historical cost convention.   

These financial statements were approved for issue by the Company’s board of directors on March 24, 
2022. 

b.  Accounting estimates and judgments 

The  preparation  of  financial  statements  in  conformity  with  IFRS  requires  management  to  exercise 
judgement  in  the  process  of  applying  its  accounting  policies  and  to  make  estimates  that  affect  the 
reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and contingent liabilities 
at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the 
year.  Actual results could differ from those estimates. Differences may be material. 

Judgment  is  required  in  assessing  whether  certain  factors  would  be  considered  an  indicator  of 
impairment  for  the  exploration  and  evaluation  assets.  We  consider  both  internal  and  external 
information to determine whether there is an indicator of impairment present and accordingly, whether 
impairment  testing  is  required.  Where  an  impairment  test  is  required,  calculating  the  estimated 
recoverable  amount  of  the  cash  generating  units  for  non-current  asset  impairment  tests  requires 
management to make estimates and assumptions with respect to estimated recoverable reserves or 
resources,  estimated  future  commodity  prices,  expected  future  operating  and  capital  costs,  and 
discount rates. Changes in any of the assumptions or estimates used in determining the recoverable 
amount could impact the impairment analysis. Management did not identify any impairment indicators 
for the year ended December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020. 

- 9 -

 
 
Western Copper and Gold Corporation  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 
 (Expressed in Canadian dollars) 

3.  ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

a.  Summary of significant accounting policies 

The Company’s principal accounting policies are outlined below:  

(i) 

Basis of consolidation 

The Company consolidates an entity when it has power over that entity, is exposed, or has rights, 
to variable returns from its involvement with that entity and has the ability to affect those returns 
through its power over that entity. The financial statements of subsidiaries are consolidated from 
the date that control commences until the date that control ceases.  All significant intercompany 
transactions and balances are eliminated. 

The consolidated financial statements of the Company include Western Copper and Gold Corp., 
Casino Mining Corp., and Ravenwolf Resource Group Ltd. 

(ii) 

Presentation currency 

The Company’s presentation currency is the Canadian dollar (“$”).  The functional currency of 
Western and its significant subsidiaries is the Canadian dollar. 

(iii)  Foreign currency translation 

In preparing the financial statements of the individual entities, transactions in currencies other 
than the entity’s functional currency (“foreign currencies”) are recorded at the rates of exchange 
prevailing  at  the  dates  of  the  transactions.    At  each  balance  sheet  date,  foreign  currency 
denominated monetary assets and liabilities are translated using the period end foreign exchange 
rate.  Non-monetary assets and liabilities are translated using the historical rate on the date of 
the transaction.  All gains and losses on translation of these foreign currency transactions are 
included in the statement of loss. 

(iv)  Share-based payments 

The  Company  grants  stock  options,  restricted  share  units  (“RSUs”)  and  deferred  share  units 
(“DSUs”)  to  buy  common  shares  of  the  Company  to  directors,  officers,  employees  and 
consultants.  The fair value of stock options granted by the Company is treated as compensation 
costs  in  accordance  with  IFRS  2  - Share-based Payments.    The  fair  value  of  stock  options  is 
calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and the fair value of RSUs and DSUs are 
determined based on the closing price of the shares on the day of grant.  These costs are charged 
to the statement of loss or, if appropriate, are capitalized to exploration and evaluation assets 
over  the  stock  option  vesting  period  with  an  offsetting  entry  to  contributed  surplus.    The 
Company’s allocation of share-based payments is consistent with its treatment of other types of 
compensation for each recipient.   

If the stock options are exercised, the value attributable to the stock options is transferred to 
share capital. 

- 10 -

 
 
 
 
Western Copper and Gold Corporation  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 
 (Expressed in Canadian dollars) 

(v) 

Income taxes 

Income  tax  expense  consists  of  current  and  deferred  tax  expense.    Income  tax  expense  is 
recognized in the statement of loss. 

Current tax expense is the expected tax payable on the taxable income for the period, using tax 
rates  enacted  or  substantively  enacted  at  year  end,  adjusted  for  amendments  to  tax  payable 
with regards to the previous year. 

Deferred taxes are recorded using the liability method.  Under the liability method, deferred tax 
assets  and  liabilities  are  recognized  for  future  tax  consequences  attributable  to  differences 
between  the  financial  statement  carrying  amounts  of  existing  assets  and  liabilities  and  their 
respective tax bases (i.e. timing differences).  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured 
using the enacted or substantively enacted tax rates expected to apply when the asset is realized 
or the liability settled.  The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is 
recognized in the statement of loss in the period that the substantive enactment occurs. 

A deferred tax asset is recognized to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will 
be available against which the asset can be utilized.   

(vi)  Flow-through shares 

Canadian  income  tax  legislation permits  an  enterprise  to  issue  securities,  referred  to  as  flow-
through shares, whereby the investor can claim the tax deductions arising from the renunciation 
of  the  related  qualifying  resource  expenditures.    The  Company  accounts  for  flow-through 
premium, i.e. the price paid for the flow-through shares in excess of the market value of the 
shares  without  flow-through  features  is  credited  to other  liabilities.    Flow-through  premium  is 
recognized in other income when qualifying expenditures are incurred. 

(vii)  Loss per share 

Basic loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss available to common shareholders by 
the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the reporting period.  Diluted loss 
per share is computed in the same way as basic loss per share except that the weighted average 
number of shares outstanding is increased to include additional shares for the assumed exercise 
of  all  stock  options  and  warrants,  if  dilutive.    Given  the  loss  situation,  potential  shares  are 
antidilutive. 

(viii)  Long-lived assets 

1.  Exploration and evaluation assets 

Direct costs related to the acquisition and exploration of mineral properties held or controlled 
by the Company are capitalized on an individual property basis until the property is put into 
production,  sold,  abandoned,  or  determined  to  be  impaired.    Administration  costs  and 
general  exploration  costs  are  expensed  as  incurred.    When  a  property  is  placed  into 
commercial production, deferred costs will be depleted using the units-of-production method.   

- 11 -

 
 
Western Copper and Gold Corporation  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 
 (Expressed in Canadian dollars) 

The  Company  classifies  its  mineral  properties  as  exploration  and  evaluation  assets  until 
technical  feasibility  and  commercial  viability  of  extracting  a  mineral  resource  are 
demonstrable. At this point, the exploration and evaluation assets are transferred to property 
and  equipment.    The  establishment  of  technical  feasibility  and  commercial  viability  of  a 
mineral  property  is  assessed  based  on  a  combination  of  factors,  such  as  the  extent  of 
established  mineral  reserves,  the  results  of  feasibility  and  technical  evaluations,  and  the 
status of mining leases or permits. 

Proceeds received from the sale of royalties, tax credits, or government assistance programs 
are recognized as a reduction in the carrying value of the related asset when the proceeds 
are more likely than not to be received.  If proceeds received is in excess of the carrying 
value of the related asset after impairment the amount received is recorded as a credit in 
the  statement  of  loss  in  the  period  in  which  the  payment  is  more  likely  than  not  to  be 
received.  

Although  we  have  taken  steps  to  verify  title  to  mineral  properties  in  which  we  have  an 
interest, in accordance with industry standards for the current stage of exploration of such 
properties,  these  procedures  do  not  guarantee  our  title.  Property  title  may  be  subject  to 
unregistered prior agreements or transfers, and may be affected by undetected defects.  

2.  Leases 

Leases are  recognized  as a  right-of-use  asset  and  a corresponding  liability  at  the  date  at 
which the leased asset is available for use by the Company. Each lease payment is allocated 
between the liability and finance expense. The finance expense is charged to the statements 
of operations over the lease period. The right-of-use asset is depreciated over the shorter of 
the asset's useful life or the lease term on a straight-line basis. 

Assets and liabilities arising from a lease are initially measured on a present value of lease 
payments.  The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease, 
if that rate can be determined, or the Company’s incremental borrowing rate. 

3.  Impairment 

The Company’s exploration and evaluation assets are reviewed for indication of impairment 
at each balance sheet date in accordance with IFRS 6 – Exploration for and evaluation of 
mineral resources.  If any such indication exists, an estimate of the recoverable amount is 
undertaken.  Recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value less costs of disposal 
and value in use (“VIU”). If the asset’s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount then 
an impairment loss is recognized in the statement of loss. 

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in 
an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value 
of mineral assets is generally determined as the present value of the estimated future cash 
flows  expected  to  arise  from  the  continued  use  of  the  asset,  including  any  expansion 
prospects. 

VIU is determined as the present value of the estimated future cash flows expected to arise 
from the continued use of the asset in its present form and from its ultimate disposal. 

- 12 -

 
 
Western Copper and Gold Corporation  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 
 (Expressed in Canadian dollars) 

Impairment is normally assessed at the level of cash-generating units, which are identified 
as  the  smallest  identifiable  group  of  assets  that  generates  cash  inflows  that  are  largely 
independent of the cash inflows from other assets. 

4.  Reversal of impairment 

An impairment loss is reversed if there is an indication that there has been a change in the 
estimates used to determine the recoverable amount.  An impairment loss is reversed only 
to the extent that the asset’s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that 
would have been determined, net of amortization, if no impairment loss had been recognized.   

(ix)  Cash and cash equivalents 

Cash  and  cash  equivalents  consist  of  cash  on  hand,  deposits  in  banks  and  highly  liquid 
investments with an original maturity of three months or less. 

(x) 

Financial instruments 

1.  Classification and measurement 

Financial  instruments  are  recognized  when  the  Company  becomes  party  to  a  contractual 
obligation. At initial recognition, the Company classifies its financial instruments as one the 
following categories: at fair value through profit and loss (“FVTPL”), at fair value through 
other  comprehensive  income  (“FVTOCI”),  or  at  amortized  cost  according  to  the  financial 
instruments’ contractual cash flow characteristics and the business models under which they 
are held.  

Financial  assets  are  measured  at  amortized  cost  if  they  are  held  for  the  collection  of 
contractual cash flows where those cash flows solely represent payments of principal and 
interest. The Company’s intent is to hold these financial assets in order to collect contractual 
cash flows and the contractual terms give rise to cash flows on specified dates that are solely 
payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding. 

Financial assets are measured at FVTOCI if they are held for the collection of contractual 
cash flows and for selling the financial assets, where the assets’ cash flows represent solely 
payments of principal and interest. The Company initially recognizes these financial assets 
at  their  fair  value  with  subsequent  changes  to  fair  values  recognized  in  OCI.  When  the 
financial asset is derecognised, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in OCI is 
reclassified from equity to the statement of loss. 

Financial assets are measured at FVTPL if they do not qualify as financial assets at amortized 
cost or FVTOCI. The Company initially recognizes these financial assets at their fair value 
with subsequent changes to fair values recognized in the statement of loss. 

Financial liabilities are measured at amortised cost unless they are required to be measured 
at FVTPL.  

The Company classifies its financial instruments as follows: 

- 13 -

 
 
Western Copper and Gold Corporation  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 
 (Expressed in Canadian dollars) 

Financial assets/liabilities 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Short-term investments 
Marketable securities 
Other assets 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 

Classification 
Amortized cost 
Amortized cost 
FVTPL 
Amortized cost 
Amortized cost 

2.  Impairment of financial assets 

At each reporting date, the Company assesses the expected credit loss associated with its 
financial assets carried at amortized cost and FVTOCI. The impairment methodology applied 
depends  on  whether  there  has  been  a  significant  increase  in  credit  risk.    Allowances  are 
recognized as impairment gains or losses on the statement of loss.  

3.  Derecognition 

Financial assets are derecognized when the rights to receive cash flows from the financial 
assets have expired or have been transferred and the Company has transferred substantially 
all the risks and rewards of ownership. Financial liabilities are derecognized when, and only 
when, the Company’s obligations are discharged, cancelled or they expire.  

(xi)  Provisions 

Provisions are recorded when a present legal or constructive obligation exists as a result of past 
events where it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be 
required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation can be 
made. 

The amount recognized as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle 
the present obligation at the balance sheet date, taking into account the risks and uncertainties 
surrounding the obligation.  Where a provision is measured using the cash flows estimated to 
settle the present obligation, its carrying amount is the present value of those cash flows.  

4.  SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS 

As at December 31, 2021, the Company had $16,000,000 (December 31, 2020 - $nil) invested in Canadian 
dollar  denominated  guaranteed  investment  certificates  plus  accrued  interest  of  $73,639  (December  31, 
2020 - $nil). 

5.  MARKETABLE SECURITIES 

As  at  December  31,  2021,  the  Company  held  marketable  securities  with  an  aggregate  market  value  of 
$1,104,400 (December 31, 2020 - $736,960), consisting of 2.5 million common shares of NorthIsle Copper 
and Gold Inc. with a market value of $1,075,000 (December 31, 2020 - $700,000) and 168,000 common 
shares of Granite Creek Copper Ltd. with a market value of $29,400 (December 31, 2020 - $36,960).  

- 14 -

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Western Copper and Gold Corporation  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 
 (Expressed in Canadian dollars) 

6.  EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION ASSETS 

a.  Casino (100% - Yukon, Canada) 

The Casino Project is a copper-gold porphyry deposit located in Yukon, Canada.   

Certain portions of the Casino property remain subject to certain royalties. The surviving royalties and 
agreements are as follows: 

•  2.75%  NSR  on  the  claims  comprising  the  Casino  project  in  favour  of  Osisko  Gold  Royalties  Ltd. 
(“Osisko Gold”) pursuant to the Royalty Assignment and Assumption Agreement dated July 31, 2017 
when 8248567 Canada Limited assigned to Osisko Gold all of its rights, title and interest in the 2.75% 
NSR. 

b.  Exploration and evaluation expenditures 

Total
$

DECEMBER 31, 2019 

48,375,025

Claims maintenance 
Engineering 
Exploration and camp support 
Permitting 
Salary and wages 
Share-based payments 

25,597
168,002
4,693,598
128,968
263,057
93,766

DECEMBER 31, 2020 

53,748,013

Claims maintenance 
Engineering 
Exploration and camp support 
Permitting 
Salary and wages 
Share-based payments 

22,270
3,180,020
7,648,920
1,326,058
281,452
141,328

DECEMBER 31, 2021 

66,348,061

- 15 -

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Western Copper and Gold Corporation  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 
 (Expressed in Canadian dollars) 

7.  FLOW THROUGH PREMIUM LIABILITY 

The flow-through premium liability balance as at December 31, 2021 of $759,525 (December 31, 2020 
– $1,408) arose in connection with the flow-through share offering the Company completed on July 
29, 2021. The reported amount is the remaining balance of the premium from issuing the flow-through 
shares.    The  flow-through  premium  is  recognized  in  the  statement  of  loss  based  on  the  amount  of 
qualifying flow-through expenditures incurred by the Company. 

The  Company  is  committed  to  incurring  on  or  before  December  31,  2022  qualifying  Canadian 
exploration expenses as defined under the Income Act, Canada ("Qualifying CEE") in the amount of 
$8,010,000 with respect to the flow-through share financing completed on July 29, 2021. None of the 
Qualifying CEE will be available to the Company for future deduction from taxable income. 

As at December 31, 2021, the Company had incurred $4,334,879 of Qualifying CEE and accordingly, 
recognized  flow-through  premium  recoveries  of  $897,283  (December  31,  2020  -  $128,367).    As  at 
December 31, 2021 the Company has a remaining commitment to incur Qualifying CEE of $3,675,121. 

On June 1, 2020, the Company completed a flow-through share offering and recorded a flow-through 
premium liability of $40,000 and committed to incur Qualifying CEE in the amount of $4,480,000.  As 
at December 31, 2021, the Company had incurred all committed expenditures and no longer had a 
flow-through premium liability associated with this flow-through share offering. 

8.  SHARE CAPITAL 

a.  Authorized share capital 

The Company is authorized to issue an unlimited number of common shares without par value and an 
unlimited number of preferred shares without par value. 

b.  Financing 

On July 29, 2021, Western completed a brokered private placement of flow-through common shares 
(the “FT Shares”).  The Company issued a total of 2,670,000 FT Shares at a price of $3.00 per FT Share 
for aggregate gross proceeds of $8,010,000.  Issuance costs related to the private placement totaled 
$694,788.  A flow through premium liability of $1,655,400 was recognized. Refer note 8. 

On May 31, 2021, Rio Tinto Canada Inc. (“Rio Tinto”) completed a strategic investment in Western by 
way of a private placement of the Company’s common shares.  The Company sold 11,808,490 common 
shares at a price of $2.17 per common for gross proceeds of $25,624,423.  The Company incurred 
$865,829 in costs associated with the private placement. 

On  November  24,  2020,  Western  completed  an  offering  of  common  shares  of  the  Company  (the 
“Offering”).  The Company sold 19,828,300 common shares at a price of $1.45 per common share for 
gross  proceeds  of  $28,751,035.  The  Company  incurred  $1,803,636  in  costs  associated  with  the 
Offering.   

On  June  1,  2020,  Western  completed  a  non-brokered  private  placement  of  flow-through  common 
shares (the “FT Shares”).  The Company issued a total of 4,000,000 FT Shares at a price of $1.12 per 
FT Share for aggregate gross proceeds of $4,480,000.  Issuance costs related to the private placement 
totaled $74,656.  A flow through premium liability of $40,000 was recognized. Refer note 6. 

- 16 -

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Western Copper and Gold Corporation  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 
 (Expressed in Canadian dollars) 

On February 28, 2020, Western issued 3,000,000 units at a price of $0.65 per unit for aggregate gross 
proceeds  of  $1,950,000.    Each  unit  consisted  of  one  common  share  and  half  of  a  non-transferable 
warrant.  Each whole warrant entitles the holder to purchase one additional common share at a price 
of $0.85 until February 28, 2025.  Issuance costs related to the financing totaled $104,490.   
The fair value assigned to the warrants was calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model 
and the following inputs and assumptions: 

Warrants issued 
Exercise price 
Market price 
Expected term (years) 
Expected share price volatility 
Average risk-free interest rate 
Expected dividend yield 

1,500,000
$0.85
$0.73
5.0
61.3%
1.07%
-

FAIR VALUE ASSIGNED 

$351,000

9.  WARRANTS 

a.  Warrants 

A summary of the Company’s warrants outstanding, including changes for the years then ended, is 
presented below: 

Number of
 warrants

Weighted average
exercise price
$

DECEMBER 31, 2019 

Issued 
Expired 

1,452,533

1,500,000
(1,452,533)

DECEMBER 31, 2020 and DECEMBER 31, 2021 

1,500,000

1.75

0.85
1.75

0.85

Warrants outstanding are as follows: 

Warrant outstanding,  
by exercise price 

Number of
warrants

Weighted average 
exercise price 

$0.85 

1,500,000

DECEMBER 31, 2021 

1,500,000

$ 
0.85 

0.85 

Average 
remaining 
contractual life
years
3.16

3.16

- 17 -

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Western Copper and Gold Corporation  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 
 (Expressed in Canadian dollars) 

10.  EQUITY INCENTIVE PLANS  

The Company has three equity incentive plans consisting of a stock option plan (the “Option Plan”), a 
restricted share unit plan (the “RSU Plan”) and a deferred share unit plan (the “DSU Plan”) (collectively 
the  “Equity  Incentive  Plans”).    Pursuant  to the  Company’s annual  general  meeting  held  on  June  17, 
2021,  it  was  approved  that  the  maximum  aggregate  number  of  common  shares  issuable  under  the 
Equity Incentive Plans cannot exceed 10% of number of commons shares issued and outstanding.   

a.  Stock Options 

Under the Option Plan, the exercise price of the stock options must be greater than, or equal to, the 
market value of the Company’s common shares on the last trading day immediately preceding the date 
of grant.  Stock options vest over a two year period from the date of grant unless otherwise determined 
by the directors.  The maximum stock option term is 10 years.  At December 31, 2021, the Company 
could issue an additional 4,455,688 stock options under the terms of the stock option plan.  

A summary of the Company’s stock options outstanding and the changes for the periods then ended, 
is presented below: 

DECEMBER 31, 2019 

Granted 
Exercised 
Cancelled 
Forfeited 
Expired 

DECEMBER 31, 2020 

Granted 
Exercised 

DECEMBER 31, 2021 

Number of
 stock options

6,150,001

2,350,000
(1,133,334)
(125,000)
(66,667)
(100,000)

7,075,000

310,000
(1,350,000)

6,035,000

Weighted average 
exercise price 
$ 
0.96 

1.59 
0.75 
1.66 
0.90 
0.67 

1.19 

2.10 
1.00 

1.28 

During year ended December 31, 2021 the Company recognized $707,417 in the statement of loss 
and comprehensive loss (December 31, 2020 - $650,867) and $141,328 was capitalized (December 
31, 2020 - $93,766) in the exploration and evaluation assets in relation to stock options. 

- 18 -

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Western Copper and Gold Corporation  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 
 (Expressed in Canadian dollars) 

Stock options outstanding are as follows: 

Stock options outstanding,  
by exercise price 

Number of
Stock options

Weighted average 
exercise price 

$0.75 - $0.90 
$1.11 - $1.20 
$1.41 
$1.66 
$1.85 - $2.22 

1,925,000
1,775,000
200,000
1,825,000
310,000

DECEMBER 31, 2021 

6,035,000

$ 
0.87 
1.19 
1.41 
1.66 
2.10 

1.28 

Average 
remaining 
contractual life
years
2.43
1.40
3.86
3.57
4.61

2.63

Average share price for options exercised during the year was $2.02 (December 31, 2020 - $1.23).  
Of the total stock options outstanding, 4,308,326 were vested and exercisable at December 31, 2021.  
The  weighted  average  exercise  price  of  vested  stock  options  is  $1.12  and  the  average  remaining 
contractual life is 2.17 years. 

b.  Share-based payments 

The following is a summary of stock options granted by the Company in 2021 and 2020 and fair value 
assigned to each grant.  The fair value was calculated at the time of grant using the Black-Scholes 
option pricing model and the following inputs and assumptions.   

Inputs and assumptions 

October 1,
2021

July 19,
2021

November 9, 

2020

   July 27, 
2020 

Stock options granted 
Exercise price 

100,000
$1.85

210,000
$2.22

200,000
$1.41

1,950,000
$1.66

Market price 
Expected option term (years) 
Expected stock price volatility 
Average risk-free interest rate 
Expected forfeiture rate 
Expected dividend yield 

$1.85
3.0
62.2%
0.65%
-
-

$2.17
3.0
62.1%
0.57%
-
-

$1.41
3.0
58.0%
0.31%
-
-

$1.61
3.0
56.6%
0.29%
-
-

June 11,
2020

200,000
$1.11

$1.11
3.0
49.7%
0.27%
-
-

FAIR VALUE ASSIGNED 

$77,000

$186,000

$109,000

$1,159,000

$75,000

- 19 -

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Western Copper and Gold Corporation  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 
 (Expressed in Canadian dollars) 

c.  Restricted Share Units 

During  the  year,  the  Company  granted  RSUs  in  accordance  with  the  RSU  plan  approved  in  the 
shareholders meeting. These RSUs vest in three equal tranches: Tranche one - on completion of 12 
months from grant date, Tranche two – on completion of eighteen months from the grant date and 
Tranche three – on completion of twenty-four months from grant date.  These RSUs are classified as 
equity-settled as these awards will be settled by issuing the shares and are valued at the market price 
of the Company shares on the date of grant. As at December 31, 2021, the Company could issue an 
additional 2,106,313 RSUs under the RSU Plan.  A summary of the Company’s RSUs outstanding and 
the changes for the years then ended, is presented below: 

DECEMBER 31, 2019 and 2020 

RSUs Granted 

DECEMBER 31, 2021 

Number of shares 
issued or issuable on 
vesting 

-

239,100

239,100

In relation to RSUs, the Company recognized an expense of $170,422 during the year ended 
December 31, 2021, (December 31, 2020 – Nil) in the statements of loss and comprehensive loss.  

d.  Deferred Share Units 

Only directors of the Company are eligible for DSUs and each DSU vests immediately and is redeemed 
upon  a  director  ceasing  to  be  a  director  of  the  Company.    DSUs are  classified  as  equity-settled  as 
these awards will be settled by issuing the shares and are valued at the market price of the Company 
shares  on  the  date  of  grant.    As  at  December  31,  2021,  the  Company  could  issue  an  additional 
1,787,511 DSUs under the DSU Plan. 

DECEMBER 31, 2019 and 2020 

DSUs Granted 

DECEMBER 31, 2021 

Number of shares 
issuable 

-

167,000

167,000

In relation to DSUs, the Company recognized an expense of $362,390 during the year ended December 
31, 2021, (December 31, 2020 – Nil) in the statements of loss and comprehensive loss.  

- 20 -

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Western Copper and Gold Corporation  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 
 (Expressed in Canadian dollars) 

11.  KEY MANAGEMENT COMPENSATION 

The  Company’s  related  parties  include  its  directors  and  officers,  who  are  the  key  management  of  the 
Company.  The remuneration of key management was as follows: 

For the year ended December 31, 

Salaries and director fees 
Share-based payments 

2021
$
1,580,676
1,128,330

2020 
$ 
968,769 
520,255 

KEY MANAGEMENT COMPENSATION 

2,709,006

1,489,024 

Share-based payments represent the fair value of stock options previously granted to directors and officers 
that was recognized in the statement of loss and comprehensive loss during the years presented above. 

During the year ended December 31, 2020, a director of the Company was indirectly paid $270,000 for 
marketing and financial advisory services. 

12.  SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION 

Non-cash working capital items 

For the year ended December 31, 

Change in other assets 
Change in accrued interest 
Change in accounts payable and accrued liabilities related to operations 

2021 
$ 
26,203 
(73,639) 
(217,553) 

2020 
$ 
(329,382) 
- 
140,819 

CHANGE IN NON-CASH WORKING CAPITAL ITEMS 

(264,989) 

(188,509) 

13.  SEGMENTED INFORMATION 

The  Company’s  operations  are  in one segment:  the  acquisition, exploration, and  future  development of 
mineral resource properties.  All interest income is earned in Canada and all assets are held in Canada.   

- 21 -

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Western Copper and Gold Corporation  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 
 (Expressed in Canadian dollars) 

14.  INCOME TAXES 

a.  Rate reconciliation 

The income tax expense or recovery reported by the Company differs from the amounts obtained by 
applying statutory rates to the loss and comprehensive loss.  A reconciliation of the income tax provision 
computed at statutory rates to the reported income tax provision is provided below: 

For the year ended December 31, 

2021

2020 

Statutory tax rate 

Loss before taxes 

27.00% 

27.00% 

3,708,888

2,033,357 

Income tax recovery calculated at statutory rate

1,001,400

549,006 

Non-deductible expenditures 
Flow-through premium 
Other 
Unrecognized tax benefit 

INCOME TAX  

(335,976)
242,266
218,046
(1,125,736)

(151,318) 
34,659 
149,972 
(582,319) 

- 

- 

b.  Deferred income tax asset and liabilities 

The  significant  components  of  the  Company’s  net  deferred  income  tax  asset  and  liabilities  are  as 
follows: 

As at December 31, 

Deferred tax assets: 
   Operating losses carried forward
   Share issuance costs 
   Other items 

2021
$

2020 
$ 

7,153,971
703,456
403,439

5,978,083 
564,935 
253,319 

DEFERRED TAX ASSET 

8,260,866

6,796,337 

Deferred tax liabilities 
   Mineral property interests 
   Marketable securities 

1,999,946
96,647

927,624 
47,042 

DEFERRED TAX LIABILITY 

2,096,593

974,666 

Unrecognized Deferred tax assets 

6,170,273

5,821,671 

UNRECOGNIZED DEFERRED INCOME TAX ASSET 

6,170,273

5,821,671 

- 22 -

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Western Copper and Gold Corporation  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 
 (Expressed in Canadian dollars) 

c.  Non-capital losses 

The Company has incurred non-capital losses that may be carried forward and used to reduce taxable 
income of future years.  These losses totaled $26.5 million as at December 31, 2021 (2020 - $22.1 
million) and will expire between 2030 and 2040. 

15.  CAPITAL MANAGEMENT 

The  Company  considers  capital  to  be  equity  attributable  to  common  shareholders,  comprised  of  share 
capital, contributed surplus, and deficit.  It is the Company’s objective to safeguard its ability to continue 
as a going concern so that it can continue to explore and develop mineral resource properties.   

The  Company  monitors  its  cash  position  on  a  regular  basis  to  determine  whether  sufficient  funds  are 
available to meet its short-term and long-term corporate objectives, and makes adjustments to its plans 
for changes in economic conditions, capital markets and the risk characteristics of the underlying assets.   

To maintain its objectives, the Company may attempt to issue new shares, seek debt financing, acquire or 
dispose of assets or change the timing of its planned exploration and development projects.  There is no 
assurance that these initiatives will be successful.   

There was no change in the Company’s approach to capital management during the year.  Western has no 
debt and does not pay dividends.  The Company is not subject to any externally imposed capital restrictions. 

16.  FINANCIAL INSTRUMENT RISK 

The Board of Directors has overall responsibility for the establishment and oversight of the Company’s risk 
management framework.  The Company has exposure to liquidity, credit, and market risk from the use of 
financial instruments.  Financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, 
marketable securities, certain other assets, and accounts payable and accrued liabilities. 

a.  Liquidity risk 

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will be unable to meet its financial obligations as they come 
due.  The Company uses cash forecasts to ensure that there is sufficient cash on hand to meet short-
term  business  requirements.    Cash  is  invested  in  highly  liquid  investments  which  are  available  to 
discharge obligations when they come due.  The Company does not maintain a line of credit.  

b.  Credit risk 

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist primarily of cash and 
cash equivalents and short-term investments.  These financial instruments are at risk to the extent that 
the institutions issuing or holding them cannot redeem amounts when they are due or requested.  To 
limit its credit risk, the Company uses a restrictive investment policy.  Cash and cash equivalents and 
short-term  investments  are  in  Canadian  chartered  banks.    The  carrying  amount  of  financial  assets 
recorded in the financial statements represents Western’s maximum exposure to credit risk. 

- 23 -

 
 
 
 
Western Copper and Gold Corporation  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 
 (Expressed in Canadian dollars) 

c.  Market risk 

The  Company  is  exposed  to  market  risk  because  of  the  fluctuating  values  of  its  publicly  traded 
marketable securities.  The Company has no control over these fluctuations and does not hedge its 
investments.  Marketable securities are adjusted to fair value at each balance sheet date.  

As at December 31, 2021 and 2020, the carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, short-term 
investments, certain other assets, and accounts payable and accrued liabilities are considered to be 
reasonable approximations of their fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The 
fair value of the marketable securities is determined by reference to published price quotations in an 
active market (classified as level 1 in the fair value hierarchy). 

- 24 -