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ZCL Composites Inc.

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FY2015 Annual Report · ZCL Composites Inc.
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Annual Report

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Our Mission

To deliver piece of mind through corrosion resistant solutions  
that preserve and protect the environment. 

CONTENTS 
______________________________________________ 

Message to Shareholders 

Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes 

Corporate Information 

2 

5 

29 

61 

1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Message to Shareholders-Q4 2015 

ZCL  delivered  another  successful  year  in  2015.    In  a  year  in  which  certain  of  our  markets 
experienced some of the most challenging economic conditions ever encountered, we posted 
record revenue of $185.7 million, a 9% increase over 2014.  This performance was led by our 
Underground operating segment which grew by 16%, and both Petroleum Products and Water 
Products  achieved  record  annual  revenues.    We  also  achieved  increases  in  gross  profit  and 
gross  margin  in  our  largest  revenue  source,  the  Underground  operating  segment,  with 
Underground  gross  margins  increasing  for  the  fifth  consecutive  year.    Our  balance  sheet 
remained strong and we recorded a return on capital employed ratio of 26%. 

Strategic Review and Value Enhancing Initiatives 

During  the  fourth  quarter  of  2015,  we  completed  our  annual  review  of  ZCL’s  strategic  plan, 
including  a  comprehensive  review  of  our  capital  allocation  program.    To  address  current  and 
expected  changes  in  our  markets,  we  plan  to  allocate  the  majority  of  our  resources  to  our 
largest revenue source, being the Underground operating segment, which accounted for 87% of 
our revenues in 2015.  This segment remains strong and gives us the ability to grow and remain 
profitable. 

As  a  further  result  of  this  strategic  review,  the  Company  has  determined  it  is  prudent  to 
maintain a strong balance sheet to provide the flexibility to take advantage of opportunities as 
they  arise.    However,  we  do  not  currently  require  all  of  the  cash  on  our  balance  sheet  to 
support operations and execute on our strategic plan.  Therefore, due to the strength of both 
our  business  and  our  balance  sheet,  ZCL’s  board  has  decided  to  significantly  increase  its 
distribution to shareholders through two initiatives.  First, a one-time special dividend of $0.50 
per  share.  Second,  an  increase  of  our  quarterly  dividend  by  60%  to  $0.08  per  share.    The 
increase  in  our  quarterly  dividend  is  a  reflection  of  our  confidence  in  our  ability  to  generate 
future funds from operations.  

In  addition,  ZCL  will  continue  our  NCIB  at  the  TSX  maximum  allowed  amount  of  5%  of  our 
outstanding shares (or approximately 1.5 million shares). We intend to be active in buying back 
our shares, but only when the right value opportunities arise. 

2016 Outlook 

ZCL  expects  continued  revenue  growth  in  2016  in  the  Petroleum  and  Water  product  groups; 
however,  this  will  be  partially  offset  by  flat  or  lower  revenues  in  the  Aboveground  operating 
segment due to continued low energy prices.  For the first quarter of 2016, we anticipate the 
Underground operating segment will generate seasonally strong results, partially offset by low 
revenue and a negative margin in our Aboveground operating segment and increased general 
and administrative expenses due to higher professional fees.  Over the last five years, ZCL has 
generated  compound  annual  growth  rates  in  revenue  and  earnings  of  10%  and  we  expect  to 
sustain  this  performance  going  forward,  although  achievement  of  these  growth  rates  in  any 
individual year is not assured. 

2 
 
We  believe  our  downstream  Petroleum  Products  group  has  a  long  term  compound  annual 
organic  growth  rate  in  the  high  single  digits,  supported  by  three  key  dynamics:  (1)  the  larger 
U.S. retail petroleum marketers continue to expand as they compete for market share, (2) the 
aging of the installed tank base leading to an increased rate of tank replacement, and (3) ZCL’s 
FRP tanks continued market share gains over steel tanks.  While the retail petroleum market in 
Canada  is  encountering  slower  activity  levels  due  to  reductions  in  capital  spending  by  the 
integrated major oil companies that control the purchasing decisions in this market, our much 
larger  U.S.  retail  petroleum  market  does  not  have  the  same  capital  spending  constraints. 
Spending decisions  in  the  U.S.  are dominated by  petroleum  retailers  who  are  enjoying higher 
volumes,  higher  margins,  and  higher  cash  flows  in  the  low  energy  price  environment;  these 
customers have plenty of capital available for investment.  

Similarly, we believe that the Water Products group of our Underground operating segment will 
be  able  to  achieve  long  term  compound  annual  organic  growth  rates  in  the  10%-20%  range.  
Growing  awareness  of  water  as  the  next  scarce  resource,  and  the  recognition  of  water  as  an 
economic  input  that  is  increasing  in  value,  are  leading  to  water  conservation  initiatives  that 
increasingly  include  our  storage  tanks  as  part  of  the  solution.  The  gradually  improving 
construction  markets  across  North  America,  and  the  evolving  regulatory  environment 
pertaining to water usage and water quality, will further support our anticipated growth in the 
Water Products market.   

Longer term opportunities 

We also believe that we have longer term opportunities to organically grow our Aboveground 
segment  in  the  +10%  range  annually.    However,  this  part  of  our  business  is  quite  cyclical  as 
much of it is directly linked to global energy prices and associated capital spending levels in the 
broad industrial markets.  Although we do not expect revenues in this segment to increase in 
2016,  we  believe  revenues  will  start  to  recover  over  the  next  12  to  24  months  and  we  have 
decided to maintain our presence in the Aboveground markets. This strategy provides us with 
the best opportunity to take advantage of a recovery in the Aboveground end markets as they 
occur. 

Operational improvements 

Operationally,  we  have delivered  improvements  that translated  into  five  consecutive  years  of 
increases in gross margins in our largest revenue source, the Underground operating segment. 
We  believe  we  have  some  runway  left  for  additional  gross  margin  improvements  in  both  our 
Underground  and  Aboveground  segments,  albeit  most  likely  with  declining  marginal  returns.  
We believe that we can achieve both Underground and Aboveground operational gains within 
our expected capital expenditures of approximately $5 million annually. 

We are also keenly focused on expense management initiatives.  In reaction to lower levels of 
activity  within  our  Aboveground  segment,  we  have  closed  our  Montreal,  QC  facility 
(consolidating  its  operations  with  our  Brockville,  ON  plant),  we  have  made  overhead  and 

3 
 
salaried  staff  reductions  in  all  Aboveground  facilities,  and  we  have  implemented  job  sharing 
programs for our hourly workers in certain markets where those programs are available.    

Additionally,  as  recently  announced,  we  have  appointed  Rene  Aldana  as  our  Chief  Operating 
Officer,  effective  January  19,  2016.  Rene  is  a  strong  and  experienced  operator,  and  this 
strengthening of our management team will allow us to continue to pursue greater efficiency 
gains and profitable growth. 

These  steps  will  allow  ZCL  to  reward  our  shareholders  who  have  demonstrated  patience  in 
what  ZCL  has  successfully  achieved,  while  we  retain  the  flexibility  to  grow  our  revenues  and 
earnings and diligently pursue even greater shareholder value creation over the longer term. 

I  would  like  to  extend  my  sincere  personal  gratitude  and  thanks  to  all  of  ZCL’s  dedicated 
employees  for  their  contributions  throughout  2015,  for  without  them  none  of  ZCL’s  success 
would have been possible.  I also want to thank the ZCL board and our shareholders for your 
continued  support.    We  look  forward  to  our  next  communication  in  early  May  when  we  will 
report  our  first quarter 2016  results.   Additionally,  we  look forward  to  seeing as  many  of  our 
shareholders  as  possible  at  our  upcoming  Annual  General  Meeting  of  Shareholders  in 
Edmonton on May 5, 2016. 

Sincerely, 

Ronald M. Bachmeier 

President & CEO   

4 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

INTRODUCTION

Inc.’s 

(“ZCL”  or 

ZCL  Composites 
the  "Company") 
Management's  Discussion  and  Analysis  ("MD&A")  of  the 
results of operations, cash flows and financial position as 
at December 31, 2015, should be read in conjunction with 
the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements 
and related notes for the year ended December 31, 2015. 
at 
The 
www.sedar.com 
at 
www.zcl.com.  

SEDAR 
the  Company’s  website 

statements 

available 

are 

on 

or 

The Company’s audited consolidated financial statements 
are  prepared  in  accordance  with  International  Financial 
the 
Reporting  Standards 
International  Accounting  Standards  Board.    All  figures 
presented  in  this  MD&A  are  in  Canadian  dollars  unless 
otherwise specified. 

(“IFRS”)  as 

issued  by 

Forward-Looking Statements 

This  MD&A  contains  forward-looking  information  based 
on  certain  expectations,  projections  and  assumptions. 
This  information  is  subject  to  a  number  of  risks  and 

CORPORATE PROFILE 

ZCL is North America’s largest manufacturer and supplier 
of  environmentally  friendly  fibreglass  reinforced  plastic 
(“FRP”)  underground  storage  tanks.  We  also  provide 
custom  engineered  aboveground  FRP  and  dual-laminate 
composite  storage  tanks,  piping  and  lining  systems,  and 
related  products  and  accessories  where  corrosion 
resistance is a high priority. ZCL has five plants in Canada, 
six in the US and one in The Netherlands. 

The  Company  has  three  product  groups,  Petroleum 
Products,  Water  Products  and  Corrosion  Products,  and 
continues  to  leverage  off  the  strong  brand  identities  of 
ZCL, Xerxes, Parabeam, ZCL Dualam and ZCL Troy. 

The  Petroleum  and  Water  Products  groups  are 
components  of  the  Underground  Fluid  Containment 
(“Underground”)  operating  segment,  use  a  similar 
production  process,  and  use  the  brand  identities  of  ZCL, 
Xerxes, and Parabeam. Corrosion Products are included in 
the  Aboveground  Fluid  Containment  (“Aboveground”) 
operating  segment  and  use  the  brand  identities  of  ZCL 
Corrosion, ZCL Dualam and ZCL Troy.   

uncertainties,  many  of  which  are  beyond  the  Company’s 
control.  Users  of  this  information  are  cautioned  that 
actual  results  may  differ  materially.  For  additional 
information  refer  to  the  “Advisory  Regarding  Forward-
Looking Statements” section later in this MD&A. 

Non-IFRS Measures 

The  Company  uses  both  IFRS  and  non-IFRS  measures  to 
make strategic decisions and to set targets.  Gross profit, 
gross  margin,  adjusted  EBITDA,  adjusted  EBITDA  per 
diluted  share,  funds  from  operations,  working  capital, 
return on capital employed, net cash and backlog are non-
IFRS  measures  that  are  used  by  the  Company.    They  do 
not  have  a  standardized  meaning  prescribed  by  IFRS  and 
may not be comparable to similar measures used by other 
companies. For additional information refer to the "Non-
IFRS Measures" section later in this MD&A. 

This MD&A is dated as of March 2, 2016. 

Underground Fluid Containment  

Petroleum Products 

ZCL  is  the  leading  provider  of  underground  fuel  storage 
tanks for the downstream retail and commercial markets 
in  both  Canada  and  the  US.  The  Company  also  supplies 
tanks  for  pipelines  (midstream  petroleum  markets)  and 
for  oil  and  gas  exploration  companies 
(upstream 
petroleum markets).  The vast  majority of tanks supplied 
to  these  markets  are  double  wall  tanks,  with  single  wall 
and  triple  wall  models  also  available.    In  addition,  ZCL 
operates 
licensing 
internationally  through  technology 
agreements. 

As  an  alternative  to  the  replacement  of  underground 
storage  tanks,  ZCL  also  provides  the  Phoenix  System®. 
This  unique  Underwriters  Laboratories 
(“UL”)  and 
Underwriters  Laboratories  of  Canada  (“ULC”)  listed  tank 
system allows in-situ upgrades of steel or fibreglass tanks 
to either a secondary containment system or a  fully self- 
supporting  double  wall  tank.  It  is  an  effective  alternative 
to tank replacement. 

A key component of both ZCL’s double wall tank and the 
Phoenix System® is Parabeam®, a three-dimensional glass 
fabric  that  is  manufactured  and  distributed  from  the 
Company’s facility in The Netherlands. 

5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Management's Discussion and Analysis 

Water Products 

ZCL’s lightweight, watertight and easily installed fibreglass 
tanks  are  an  ideal  alternative  to  the  concrete  products 
that have traditionally dominated this market.  

Applications  for  ZCL’s  underground  FRP  storage  tanks  in 
the  Water  Products  market  include  onsite  wastewater 
treatment systems, fire protection systems, potable water 
storage,  rainwater  collection,  large  diameter  wet  wells 
and  lift  stations,  grease  interceptors  and  storm  water 
detention systems. 

OVERALL PERFORMANCE & OUTLOOK 

ZCL delivered another successful year in 2015. In a year in 
which  certain  of  our  markets  experienced  some  of  the 
most challenging conditions ever encountered, we posted 
record  revenue  of  $185.7  million,  a  9%  increase  over 
2014. We also achieved increases in gross profit and gross 
margin  in  our  largest  revenue  source,  the  Underground 
operating  segment,  aided  by  a  strong  US  dollar.    These 
gains more than offset difficult market conditions for our 
Aboveground  operating  segment,  particularly  in  the  Oil 
Sands where we recorded significantly declining revenues 
and negative gross margins. Our balance sheet remained 
strong,  with  working  capital  of  $76.8  million  and  a  net 
cash balance position of $39.1 million.  Return on capital 
employed also remained strong at 26%. 

During  the  fourth  quarter  of  2015,  the  Company 
completed  its  annual  review  of  the  strategic  plan  which 
included a comprehensive review of our capital allocation 
program.  To address current and expected changes in our 
markets, we plan to allocate the majority of our resources 
to  our  largest  revenue  source,  being  the  Underground 
operating  segment,  which  accounted  for  87%  of  our 
revenues in 2015.  This segment remains strong and gives 
us the ability to continue to grow and remain profitable.   

As  a  result  of  our  strategic  discussions,  we  have  decided 
to  maintain  our  presence  in  the  Aboveground  operating 
segment.    Although  we  do  not  expect  revenues  in  this 
segment  to  increase  in  2016,  we  believe  revenues  will 
start  to  recover  over  the  next  12  to  24  months.    This 
strategy  provides  us  with  the  best  opportunity  to  take 
advantage of a recovery in the Aboveground end markets 
as they occur.   

As part of this strategy, the Company has determined it is 
prudent to maintain a strong balance sheet to provide the 
flexibility to take advantage of opportunities as they arise.  
However,  we  do  not  currently  require  all  of  the  cash  on 
our  balance  sheet  to  support  operations  and  execute  on 
our strategy.  Therefore, due to the strength of both our 
business and our balance sheet, ZCL’s board has decided 
to  significantly  increase  its  distribution  to  shareholders 

Aboveground Fluid Containment 
Corrosion Products 

ZCL  manufactures  custom  designed  and  engineered 
aboveground  tanks,  piping  and  related  products  and 
accessories  for  industrial  projects  where  corrosion  and 
abrasion  resistance  is  high  priority.  ZCL’s  capabilities 
include  the  manufacture  and 
installation  of  custom 
engineered FRP and dual-laminate composite products for 
use  in  the  power  generation,  chemical,  chloralkali,  pulp 
and  paper,  agriculture,  mining  and  Oil  Sands  industries.

through two initiatives.  First, a one-time special dividend 
of  $0.50  per  share.  Second,  an  increase  of  our  quarterly 
dividend by 60% to $0.08 per share.  The increase in our 
quarterly dividend is a reflection of our confidence in our 
ability to generate future funds from operations.  

Financial Results 

Revenue 

Revenue  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2015  was  a 
record $185.7 million, up $14.8 million or 9% from $170.8 
million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2014.  The 
Underground  operating  segment  grew  16%  and  both 
Petroleum Products and Water Products achieved record 
annual revenues and benefited from a positive impact on 
the  conversion  of  US  dollar  revenue  to  Canadian  dollars 
for  reporting  purposes.    The  Aboveground  operating 
segment revenue was down 21% from 2014. 

Gross Profit 

Gross  profit  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2015  was 
$33.2 million, down $1.3 million or 4% from $34.5 million 
a year earlier.  Gross margin was 18% of revenue for 2015, 
down from 20% a year earlier.  Decreases experienced in 
the  Aboveground  margin  more  than  offset  margin 
increases  in  the  Underground  operating  segment.    Gross 
margin in the Underground operating segment increased 
for the fifth consecutive year.  

Net Income 

Net  income  before  certain  one-time  impairment  charges 
and  costs  associated  with  the  plant  closure  in  Montreal 
was  $16.2  million  compared  to  $16.3  million  a  year 
earlier, resulting in earnings per share of $0.53, compared 
to $0.54 a year earlier. 

Net  income  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2015  was 
$13.0  million,  down  $3.3  million  or  20%  from  $16.3 
million  a  year  earlier.    Net  income  per  diluted  share  for 
2015  was  $0.43,  down  $0.11  or  20%  from  $0.54  per 
diluted share a year earlier.   

6 
 
 
 
 
 
Management's Discussion and Analysis 

Impairment of Assets 

As previously disclosed, during the third quarter of 2015, 
the  Company  performed  an  impairment  analysis  on  the 
Aboveground  operating  segment  due  to  the  near  term 
low  activity  levels  and  resulting  low  profitability.    As  a 
result, in our third quarter disclosure we recorded a $2.7 
million  impairment  charge  against  the  carrying  value  of 
goodwill, reducing the remaining balance of Aboveground 
operating  segment  goodwill  to  $nil.    In  addition,  in  our 
third  quarter  disclosure  we  recorded  an  equipment 
impairment  charge  of  $0.2  million  against  the  carrying 
costs  of  equipment  relating  to  the  decommissioning  of 
the Montreal manufacturing facility, as discussed later in 
the  outlook  section.  There  were  no  further  impairments 
in the fourth quarter of 2015. 

The impairment to goodwill and equipment is a non-cash 
accounting adjustment and has no on-going impact to the 
business. 

Net Cash 

As  at  December  31,  2015,  ZCL  had  a  net  cash  and  cash 
equivalents 
(“net  cash”)  balance  of  $39.1  million 
compared to $21.8 million as at September 30, 2015 and 
$26.1 million as at December 31, 2014.   

Value Enhancing Initiatives 

Given the significant net  cash balance of $39.1 million at 
the end of 2015, we have elected to make some changes 
to  our  capital  allocation  strategy.    These  changes  are 
supported  by  our  proven  historical  ability  over  the  past 
three  years  to  generate  funds  from  operations  between 
$18.4  million  and  $20.8  million  annually,  without  the 
need for significant re-investment in maintenance capital.   

The  Company  maintains  cash  and  cash  equivalents  of 
approximately $10 million in order to effectively manage 
its  self-insurance  obligations  and  fund  the  operational 
needs in foreign jurisdictions.  The complexities of running 
international  operations  results  in  challenges  obtaining 
debt  outside  of  North  America  and  therefore  these 
operations are financed through cash.   

With our December 31, 2015 net cash position of almost 
$40 million, reflecting ZCL’s strong performance in recent 
years, the Board has decided to declare a special dividend 
of $0.50 per share, or approximately $15 million in total, 
to be paid out on March 31, 2016, to the shareholders of 
record as of March 15, 2016.  

Additionally,  the  Board  declared  a  60%  increase  in  our 
quarterly dividend to $0.08 per share, up from $0.05 per 
share  previously,  to  be  paid  on  April  15,  2016,  to  the 
shareholders of record as of March 31, 2016.  The Board 
decided  to 
increase  the  quarterly  dividend  due  to 
confidence in our ability to deliver funds from operations.  

Increases  to  distributions  will  be  dependent  upon  the 
future outlook. 

Normal Course Issuer Bid 

ZCL  plans  to  continue  our  Normal  Course  Issuer  Bid 
(“NCIB”),  subject  to  TSX  approval,  at  the  TSX  maximum 
allowed  amount  of  5%  of  our  outstanding  shares 
(approximately  1.5  million  shares)  and  we  intend  to  be 
opportunistic in buying back our shares. 

Backlog 

($millions) 

2015 
2014 
% change 

Underground 
38.4 
21.4 
79% 

Aboveground 
1.2 
9.6 
(88%) 

Dec 31 
39.6 
31.0 
28% 

increase 

As  of  December  31,  2015,  backlog  was  $39.6  million,  up 
$8.6 million or 28% from $31.0 million a year earlier.  The 
overall 
is  attributable  to  the  Underground 
Products group and a positive foreign exchange impact of 
US  dollar  denominated  backlog,  partially  offset  by  a 
decrease in the Aboveground Products group backlog. 

in  2014. 

In the Underground operating segment, backlog of $38.4 
million  was  up  $17.0  million  or  79%  compared  to  the 
same  period 
  Both  the  Canadian  and  US 
operations saw significant increases in backlog relative to 
the  prior  year  on  a  source  currency  basis.    Canadian 
backlog  was  up  83%  over  the  prior  year  and  in  the  US, 
Underground  operating  segment  backlog  was  up  $8.6 
million  or  49%  over  the  prior  year  prior  to  translation  to 
Canadian  dollars  for  reporting  purposes  which  further 
boosted the increase by $7.3 million.   

Both  Water  and  Petroleum  Products  groups  contributed 
to  the  increase  in  Underground  backlog  with  Petroleum 
being the biggest contributor.  Petroleum backlog was up 
$16.6  million  or  94%  over  the  prior  year  and  Water 
backlog  was  up  $0.4  million  or  10%.    The  increase  in 
Petroleum backlog is driven almost entirely out of the US 
where we continue to see a strong increase in demand for 
our products as retail petroleum marketers are benefiting 
from  declining  oil  prices  which  drive  higher  retail 
profitability.    The  increase  in  Water  backlog  is  primarily 
due to the translation of US dollar denominated orders to 
Canadian  dollars  for  reporting  purposes.    On  a  source 
currency basis, Water Products backlog is consistent year 
over year. 

In  the  Aboveground  operating  segment,  backlog  is  down 
significantly  compared  to  a  year  earlier.    Our  Oil  Sands 
customer  backlog  was  very  low  at  the  end  of  December 
2015  with  only  a  few  orders  in  backlog.    Contributing  to 
the  decrease  is  a  $1.2  million  order  that  has  been 
postponed  indefinitely  by  one  of  our  customers,  and 

7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Management's Discussion and Analysis 

although  the  order  has  not  been  cancelled,  we  have 
removed it from our Aboveground backlog.  Backlog from 
Industrial Corrosion markets and field services were down 
$4.2  million  compared  to  the  prior  year  due  to  lower 
activity in both the Oil Sands and industrial markets. 

Compared  to  the  September  30,  2015  backlog  of  $50.6 
million,  the  December  31,  2015  backlog  decreased  by 
$11.0  million  or  22%.    The  decrease  was  attributable  to 
both  the  Underground  and  Aboveground  operating 
segments.    The  Underground  segment  was  down  $6.2 
million or 14% due to normal seasonal fluctuations in our 
Underground  operations  and  due  to  the  fact  that 
Canadian pre-orders of $6.6 million were received in early 
2016  as  opposed  to  traditionally  being  received 
in 
December  of  the  preceding  year.    In  fact,  backlog  at 
January  31,  2016  was  $48.3  million,  with  the  bulk  of  the 
increase  over  December  31,  2015  derived  from  the 
Petroleum Products group, which was $42.5 million. 

Conversion  of  backlog  to  revenue  for  the  Underground 
segment is generally realized in the following quarter.  For 
Aboveground, the conversion of backlog to revenue is less 
predictable  because  of  variable  timelines  for  design, 
engineering and production. 

Backlog  is  a  non-IFRS  measure  and  does  not  have  a 
standardized meaning prescribed by IFRS and may not be 
comparable to similar measures used by other companies.  
information  refer  to  the  “Non-IFRS 
For  additional 
Measures” section later in this MD&A. 

Capital Allocation & Value Enhancing Initiatives 

ZCL has developed a consistently profitable, high free cash 
flow  business  model  and  will  continue  to  act  in  a 
measured  and  strategic  manner  when 
it  comes  to 
investing  and  distributing  our  capital.    The  key  levers  of 
our capital allocation strategy are: 

1.  Fund all organic growth opportunities  that meet  the 

objectives of our strategic plan. 

2.  Continue  to  evaluate  and  pursue  opportunities  to 

grow through mergers and acquisitions.   

3.  Continue  to  distribute  cash  to  shareholders  in  the 

form of dividends. 

2016 Capital Investment Plan 

In  addition  to  continuing  to  generate  organic  revenue 
growth, we still have some room for improvement left in 
our  drive  to  advance  our  operational  execution  and 
increase our margins.  Although we have already attained 
significant improvements in operational efficiencies in our 
Underground  segment 
in  particular,  there  are  still 
continuous improvement opportunities, albeit most likely 
with  declining  marginal  returns. 
  There  are  also 
opportunities  for 
low  cost  operational  and  margin 
improvement  within  our  Aboveground  segment.  We 
believe  that  we  can  achieve  both  Underground  and 
Aboveground  operational  gains  within  our  expected 
capital  (including  maintenance  capital)  expenditures  of 
approximately $5 million annually.  

As recently announced, we appointed Rene Aldana as our 
Chief  Operating  Officer,  effective  January  19,  2016.  Rene 
is an experienced operator, and will add further strength 
to  our  management  team  as  we  continue  to  pursue 
greater efficiency and profitable growth. 

8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Management's Discussion and Analysis 

2016 Outlook 

Water Products 

With  growing  awareness  in  North  America  that  water  is 
the next scarce resource, and the recognition of water as 
an economic input that is increasing in value, we believe 
this  will  result  in  water  conservation  initiatives  that  will 
increasingly  include  ZCL’s  storage  tanks  as  part  of  the 
solution. 
improving 
construction market across North America, we expect this 
revenue  segment  will  achieve  future  annual  compound 
organic growth rates in the 10% - 20% range. 

  Coupled  with 

the  gradually 

Corrosion Products 

Given  the  current  market  conditions  surrounding  oil 
prices, we do not expect a recovery in revenue in 2016 for 
our  Corrosion  Products  group,  which  accounted  for  13% 
of  our  revenue  in  2015.    However,  we  believe  that 
revenues  will  recover  over  the  next  12-24  months  and 
that  we  can  grow  the  Corrosion  Products  group  in  the 
10% range annually over the longer term.  This part of our 
business is quite cyclical as much of it, particularly in the 
Oil  Sands,  is  directly  linked  to  global  energy  prices  and 
associated  capital  spending  levels  in  the  broad  industrial 
markets.   

In  reaction  to  what  we  view  as  the  current  low  point  in 
the  cycle  in  the  Corrosion  Product  markets,  we  are 
aggressively  cutting  costs.    The  cost  cutting  initiatives 
include  the  closure  of  our  Montreal,  QC  facility  (and 
consolidation  of  this  unit  with  our  Brockville,  ON  plant), 
across the board overhead and salaried staff reductions in 
all Aboveground facilities, and the implementation of job 
sharing  programs  for  our  hourly  workers 
in  certain 
markets where those programs are available.  We are also 
redirecting  certain  of  our  sales  activities  into  non-energy 
sensitive  markets  to  make  up  for  the  Oil  Sands  revenue 
shortfall.     

The following represents forward looking information and 
readers are cautioned that actual results may differ from 
expectations. 

ZCL  expects  continued  growth  opportunities  in  2016  in 
the Petroleum and Water Products groups; however, this 
will  be  partially  offset  by  flat  or  lower  revenue  in  the 
Aboveground segment due to low energy prices.  For the 
first  quarter  of  2016,  we  anticipate  the  Underground 
operating  segment  will  have  seasonally  strong  first 
quarter  results,  partially  offset  by  low  revenue  and  a 
negative  margin  in  our  Aboveground  operating  segment, 
and  increased  general  and  administration  expenses  due 
to higher professional fees.  

Over  the  last  five  years,  the  Company  has  been  able  to 
grow revenue and earnings at a compound annual growth 
rate  of  10%.    We  expect  this  is  a  sustainable  trend; 
however achievement of this growth rate in any individual 
year is not assured. 

Our outlook by product group is as follows: 

Petroleum Products 

ZCL’s  recent  success 
is  mostly  attributable  to  the 
Petroleum  Products  group,  particularly  the  downstream 
(retail)  sub-market,  which  we  believe  has  a  long  term 
compound  annual  organic  growth  rate  of  high  single 
digits.  The three dynamics of larger U.S. retail petroleum 
marketers  competing  to  expand  their  market  share;  an 
aging  installed  tank  base  that  is  leading  to  an  increased 
rate  of  tank  replacement;  and  ZCL’s  market  share  gains 
over  steel  tanks,  support  our  forecast  for  continued 
moderate growth in our largest revenue segment. 

in  Canada  are  comparable 

We  expect  this  growth  to  be  driven  by  the  US 
Downstream  market  where  retail  petroleum  marketers 
are  enjoying  high  margins  and  increased  cash  flow  from 
higher  gasoline  sales  due  to  low  oil  prices.    While 
petroleum  retailers 
in 
profitability to their US counterparts, the capital spending 
decisions made in Canada are curtailed by the fact that a 
large  portion  of  the  Canadian  retail  market  is  controlled 
by integrated major oil companies. Certain oil companies 
in  Canada  are  experiencing  significant  slow-downs  in  the 
Upstream  segment  of  their  businesses  and  have  reacted 
by  announcing  across  the  board  reductions  in  their  2016 
the 
capital  spending  plans, 
profitable retail segment. 

including  spending 

in 

9 
 
 
Management's Discussion and Analysis 

SELECTED FINANCIAL INFORMATION 

(in thousands of dollars, 
except per share amounts) 
Operating Results  
Revenue 

Underground Fluid Containment 
Aboveground Fluid Containment 

Total revenue 
Gross profit (note 1) 

Gross margin (note 1) 
General and administration 
Foreign exchange gain  
Depreciation and amortization  
Finance expense 
Loss on disposal of assets 
Impairment of assets 
Income tax expense 
Net income 
Earnings per share 

Basic 
Diluted 

Cash dividends declared per common share 
Adjusted EBITDA (note 1) 

Adjusted EBITDA as % of revenue 
Adjusted EBITDA per diluted share 

Cash Flows 
Funds from operations (note 1 & 2) 
Changes in non-cash working capital 
Net repayment of long term debt and finance lease obligations 
Issuance of common shares on exercise of stock options 
Repurchase of common shares 
Dividends paid 
Purchase of capital and intangible assets, net of disposals 
Foreign exchange 

(in thousands of dollars) 
Financial Position 

2015 
$ 

Year Ended December 31 
2014 
$ 

2013 
$ 

160,685 
24,990 
185,675 
33,191 
18% 

9,287 
(2,173) 
3,955 
319 
32 
2,878 
5,894 
12,999 

0.43 
0.43 
0.185 
26,484 
14% 

0.87 

19,577 
2,710 
(2,041) 
2,103 
(3,247) 
(5,285) 
(3,914) 
2,187 

2015 
$ 

139,087 
31,748 
170,835 
34,460 
20% 
9,076 
(1,008) 
3,748 
383 
50 
- 
5,895 
16,316 

0.54 
0.54 
0.15 
27,077 
16% 
0.89 

20,771 
(3,458) 
(1,415) 
1,328 
- 
(4,193) 
(3,775) 
272 
As at December 31 
2014 
$ 

121,692 
40,012 
161,704 
33,482 
21% 
8,552 
(46) 
3,991 
446 
106 
- 
6,048 
14,385 

0.49 
0.49 
0.11 
25,600 
16% 
0.86 

18,413 
(521) 
(1,350) 
2,934 
- 
(2,923) 
(2,965) 
468 

2013 
$ 

Working capital (note 1) 
Total assets 
Return on capital employed (note 1) 
Net cash (note 1) 
Total non-current liabilities 

48,112 
134,315 
29% 
15,414 
7,397 
Note 1: Gross profit, gross margin, adjusted EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA per diluted share, funds from operations, working capital, return on capital 
employed, and net cash are non-IFRS measures and are defined later in the MD&A under "Non-IFRS Measures.” 
Note 2: Funds from operations excludes changes in non-cash working capital. 

62,868 
156,654 
29% 
26,079 
6,576 

76,781 
177,544 
26% 
39,095 
5,015 

10 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Management's Discussion and Analysis 

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Revenue 

($000s) 

2015 

2014 

%  
change

Twelve Months 

Underground Fluid  
  Containment: 
Petroleum Products 
Water Products 

Aboveground Fluid  
  Containment: 
Corrosion Products 

136,909 
23,776 
160,685 

120,437 
18,650 
139,087 

14% 
28% 
16% 

24,990 
185,675 

31,748 
170,835 

(21%) 
9% 

Record  revenue  of  $185.7  million  for  the  year  ended 
December  31,  2015,  was  up  $14.8  million  or  9%  from 
$170.8  million  in  the  prior  year.    Record  revenue  was 
generated  in  both  the  Petroleum  and  Water  Product 
groups, both of which benefited from a strong US dollar, 
however this growth was partially offset by a decrease in 
the  Corrosion  Products  group.    The  change  in  revenue 
reflects the factors noted below: 

Underground Fluid Containment 

Underground revenue of $160.7 million, was $21.6 million 
or  16%  higher  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2015, 
compared with the year ended December 31, 2014. 

The $16.5 million or 14% increase in Petroleum Products 
revenue  was  attributable  to  the  US  market  with  an 
increase of $4.6 million or 6%, prior to a positive foreign 
exchange  conversion  impact  for  reporting  purposes  of 
$16.1  million. 
In  the  US,  sales  to  distributors  and 
contractors  were  up  19%  compared  to  2014,  while  sales 
to retail petroleum marketers were up 4%. 

Canadian Petroleum Products revenue in 2015 was down 
$5.0  million  or  18%  from  2014.    The  decrease  was 
primarily  a  result  of  a  decrease  in  sales  to  the  upstream 
and  midstream  sectors  which  were  down  $4.0  million 
compared to a year earlier.  In addition, sales to major oil 
customers  in  the  downstream  market  were  also  down 
compared  to  2014. 
  Canadian  Petroleum  Products 
customers, a large part of which are integrated major oil 
companies,  are  being  impacted  by  the  low  energy  prices 
that  have  been  ongoing  throughout  2015.    The  available 
capacity in the Canadian production facilities was utilized 
in  sales  to  US 
to  support  the  substantial 
customers noted above. 

increase 

Petroleum  Products  revenue  also  includes  international 
operations  which  were  up  $0.7  million,  primarily  due  to 
higher Parabeam® sales, as compared to 2014. 

Water  Products  revenue  was  up  $5.1  million,  or  28% 
compared with 2014 and the increase was attributable to 
sales to US Water Products customers which rose by $6.1 
million or 44% compared to 2014.  The US sales include a 
positive  foreign  exchange  impact  of  $3.0  million  on  the 
conversion  of  US  to  Canadian  dollar  sales  for  reporting 
purposes.    Canadian  Water  Products  sales  were  down 
$1.0  million  or  20%  from  the  prior  year,  reflecting  lower 
activity  levels  in  energy  market  related  infrastructure 
projects, including man-camps. 

Aboveground Fluid Containment 

Aboveground revenue of $25.0 million was $6.8 million or 
21%  lower  than  $31.7  million  a  year  earlier.    Oil  Sands 
revenue decreased by $8.4 million as compared to 2014.  
In  the  Industrial  Corrosion  market,  revenue  was  up  $1.7 
million  compared  to  2014.    While  US  field  service  sales 
were  down  $0.3  million  on  a  source  currency  basis,  they 
were up $0.6 million when converted to Canadian dollars 
for  reporting  purposes.    Industrial  Corrosion  Product 
sales,  manufactured  in  our  Canadian  facilities,  were  up 
$1.0 million compared to a year earlier.  

The  Aboveground  operating  segment  is  more  dependent 
on  larger  orders  that  have  a  longer  order  cycle  from 
planning  to  order  fulfilment  than  the  Underground 
operating segment, and the timing of revenue is impacted 
accordingly. 

Gross Profit 

Twelve Months  

($000s) 

2015 

2014 

% 
change 

% of rev 
2015 

Underground Fluid 
  Containment 
Aboveground Fluid 
  Containment 

36,492 

30,228 

21% 

23% 

(3,301) 

4,232 

(178%) 

(13%) 

33,191 

34,460 

(4%) 

18% 

In  2015,  gross  profit  of  $33.2  million  decreased  by  $1.3 
million or 4% compared to 2014. Gross margin decreased 
to 18% from 20% in 2014.  Increases in the Underground 
operating  segment  gross  profit  and  gross  margin  were 
more  than  offset  by  decreases  in  the  Aboveground 
operating  segment  gross  profit  and  gross  margin.    The 
changes reflect the factors discussed below: 

11 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Management's Discussion and Analysis 

Underground Fluid Containment 

Underground  gross  profit  of  $36.5  million  was  up  $6.3 
million or 21% from $30.2 million in 2014. The increase in 
gross  profit  was  primarily  derived  from  the  increase  in 
sales  to  the  US  Petroleum  Products  and  Water  Products 
markets.    Gross  margin  of  23%,  a  one  percentage  point 
increase from 22% in 2014, was also derived from the US 
operations.  Gross margins in our Underground operating 
segment increased for the fifth consecutive year. 

Aboveground Fluid Containment 

Aboveground gross profit was negative $3.3 million, down 
$7.5  million  or  178%  from  $4.2  million  in  2014.  Gross 
margin  of  negative  13%  decreased  26  percentage  points 
from  13%  in  2014.  As  previously  reported  in  our  2015 
quarterly disclosures, the deterioration in gross profit and 
gross  margin  was  derived  from  certain  negative  margin 
industrial  corrosion  projects  that  occurred  early  in  the 
year  and  low  sales  volume  in  all  Corrosion  Products 
markets which impacted the ability to cover the fixed cost 
base 
segment 
manufacturing  operations.  In  addition,  $0.5  million  in 
the  Montreal 
costs 
to 
manufacturing  facility  negatively 
impacted  the  gross 
profit  and  gross  margin  in  2015,  compared  to  a  year 
earlier. 

the  Aboveground 

closure  of 

operating 

related 

the 

of 

General and Administration 

($000s) 

2015 
2014 
% change 

Twelve Months 
9,287 
9,076 
2% 

General and administration (“G&A”) expense for the year 
ended December 31, 2015 was comparable to 2014. 

Foreign Exchange Gain 

($000s) 

2015 
2014 

Twelve Months 
(2,173) 
(1,008) 

The foreign exchange gain for each year primarily related 
to  the  combination  of  fluctuations  in  the  US  dollar 
conversion rate and the US denominated monetary assets 
the  Company’s  Canadian 
and 
operations. 

liabilities  held  by 

The  following  tables  detail  the  US  dollar  and  euro 
conversion rates. 

US Dollar Conversion Rates 

Year 
Ended 

2015 

2014 

Avg. 

Close  Avg. 

Close 

Q1 
Q2 
Q3 
Q4 
Annual 

1.24 
1.23 
1.31 
1.34 
1.28 

1.26  1.10 
1.24  1.09 
1.34  1.09 
1.39  1.14 
1.39  1.10 

1.11 
1.07 
1.12 
1.16 
1.16 

euro Conversion Rates 

Year 
Ended 

2015 

2014 

Avg. 

Close 

Avg. 

Close 

Q1 
Q2 
Q3 
Q4 
Annual 

1.40 
1.36 
1.45 
1.46 
1.42 

1.37  1.51 
1.37  1.50 
1.51  1.44 
1.51  1.42 
1.51  1.47 

1.52 
1.46 
1.42 
1.41 
1.41 

Avg. 
Change 
12% 
13% 
20% 
18% 

Close 
Change 
14% 
16% 
20% 
20% 

16% 

20% 

Avg. 
Change 
(7%) 
(9%) 
1% 
3% 

(3%) 

Close 
Change 
(10%) 
(6%) 
6% 
7% 

7% 

For additional information on the Company’s exposure to 
fluctuations  in  foreign  exchange  rates  see  the  “Financial 
Instruments” section included later in this MD&A. 

Depreciation and Amortization 

($000s) 

2015 
2014 
% change 

Twelve Months 
3,955 
3,748 
6% 

The  6%  year  over  year  increase  in  depreciation  and 
amortization  expense  primarily  resulted  from  the  higher 
capital asset value in 2015 compared to the prior year due 
to  an  increase  in  the  2014  capital  spending  program 
compared  to  2013. 
  As  well,  the  depreciation  and 
amortization  on  US  dollar  denominated  fixed  assets  are 
translated to Canadian dollars for reporting purposes at a 
higher  value  due  to  the  increase  in  the  value  of  the  US 
dollar,  compared  with  a  year  earlier.    The  increase  was 
partially  offset  by  a  decrease  in  amortization  of  certain 
intangible  assets  on  the  ZCL-Dualam  acquisition  which 
became  fully  amortized  at  the  beginning  of  the  first 
quarter  of  2015.    Overall,  annual  capital  expenditures 
were up $0.3 million in 2015, to $4.7 million, compared to 
$4.4 million in the prior year.  

12 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Management's Discussion and Analysis 

Finance Expense 

($000s) 

2015 
2014 
% change 

Twelve Months 
319 
383 
(17%) 

The 17% reduction in finance expense in 2015  compared 
to 2014 resulted from the year over year reduction in long 
term debt and the slight reduction of the lending rate that 
occurred in the second quarter of 2015. 

Impairment of Assets 

During  the  year,  the  Company performed  an  impairment 
analysis  on  the  Aboveground  operating  segment  due  to 
the  near  term  low  activity  levels  and  resulting  low 
profitability.    As  a  result,  and  as  reported  in  our  third 
quarter 2015 disclosure, a $2.7 million impairment charge 
was  recorded  against  the  carrying  value  of  Aboveground 
goodwill,  reducing  the  balance  to  $nil.    In  addition,  an 
impairment  charge  of  $0.2  million  was 
equipment 
recorded against the carrying value of equipment relating 
to  the  decommissioning  of  the  Montreal  manufacturing 
facility. 

The 
is  an 
impairment  to  goodwill  and  equipment 
accounting  adjustment  which  is  a  non-cash  item  and  has 
no on-going impact to the business. 

Income Taxes 

Income  tax  expense  for  the  year  ended  December  31, 
2015, represented 31.2% of pre-tax income, compared to 

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

26.5%  of  pre-tax  income  in  2014.    The  increase  in  2015 
compared  with  a  year  earlier,  is  primarily  due  to  the 
goodwill  impairment  of  $2.7  million  incurred  in  2015, 
which  is  not  deductible  for  tax  purposes,  nor  does  it 
represent a temporary difference between the calculation 
of accounting net income and taxable income. 

Comprehensive Income 

Comprehensive  income  for  each  period  is  comprised  of 
net  income  and  the  effects  of  translation  of  foreign 
operations with functional currencies denominated in US 
dollars  and  euros.  For  accounting  purposes,  assets  and 
liabilities of these foreign operations are translated at the 
exchange rate in effect on the balance sheet date.   

The  table  below  details  the  impact  of  the  translation  of 
foreign  operations  on  comprehensive  income  before  the 
impact of net income.  

($000s) 

2015 
2014 

Twelve Months 
14,210 
4,814 

The foreign translation gain in the year ended December 
31,  2015  was  due  to  the  strengthening  of  the  US  dollar 
relative  to the Canadian dollar throughout the year from 
1.16  to  1.39.  In  2014,  the  US  dollar  also  strengthened 
from 1.07 to 1.16 generating a gain on the translation of 
foreign operations. 

Working Capital 

Credit Arrangements 

As  at  December  31,  2015,  the  Company 
increased 
working  capital  (current  assets  less  current  liabilities)  by 
$13.9  million  to  $76.8  million  compared  to  $62.9  million 
as  at  December  31,  2014.    The  majority  of  the  increase 
was attributed to positive funds from operations of $19.6 
million  and  an  increase  in  inventory,  partially  offset  by  a 
reduction in accounts receivable.  

As at December 31, 2015, the Company had cash and cash 
equivalents  of  $40.8  million  (December  31,  2014  -  $28.7 
million) and net cash of $39.1 million (December 31, 2014 
–  net  cash  of  $26.1  million).    Net  cash  is  defined  later  in 
this MD&A under “Non-IFRS Measures.” 

internally  generated  cash 
Management  believes  that 
flows,  along  with  the  available  revolving  operating  credit 
facility,  will  be  sufficient  to  cover  the  Company’s 
anticipated  operating  and  capital  expenditures  for  the 
foreseeable future. 

The  Company’s  operating  credit  facility  is  provided  by  a 
Canadian  chartered  bank.   The  maximum  available  funds 
under this facility is $20.0 million. The operating facility is 
due on demand and matures on May 31, 2017. 

The  Company’s  term  loan  is  provided  by  a  Canadian 
chartered  bank  and  requires  monthly  interest  payments 
and  quarterly  principal  repayments  of  $0.3  million  US 
dollars,  with  the  balance  due  on  maturity  on  May  31, 
2017.    The  interest  charged  on  the  loan  is  the  US  dollar 
based 30-day LIBOR plus 175 basis points. The Company is 
also  subject  to  mandatory  repayments  of  outstanding 
principal  equal  to  100%  of  any  net  proceeds  on  asset 
disposals  and 
insurance  proceeds  received  by  the 
Company. 

13 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Management's Discussion and Analysis 

Share Capital 

Investing Activities 

The  cash  flows  used  in  investing  activities  were  $3.9 
million for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared 
to $3.8 million for 2014.  Purchases of property, plant and 
equipment  and  intangible  assets  were  $0.4  million  lower 
in  2015  than  a  year  earlier.    However,  proceeds  on 
disposal  of  property,  plant  and  equipment  were  $0.6 
million lower in 2015 compared to 2014, which increased 
the  overall  cash  flows  used  in  investing  activities  when 
compared to a year earlier. 

Contractual Obligations 

The  Company  has  provided  a  letter  of  credit  in  the 
amount of $0.3 million US to secure a line of credit for the 
same  amount  for  our  US  operations.  The  Company  has 
also  provided  two  letters  of  credit  for  a  total  of  $1.3 
million  to  secure  claims  for  the  Company’s  US  workers’ 
compensation program. In the normal course of business, 
the  Company  provides  letters  of  credit  as  collateral  for 
contract  performance  guarantees.  As  at  December  31, 
2015,  the  performance  letters  of  credit  issued  totalled 
$1.1 million. 

As  at  December  31,  2015,  ZCL’s  minimum  annual  lease 
commitments  under  all  non-cancellable  operating  leases 
for production facilities, office space and automotive and 
equipment totalled $13.4 million. 

The  following  table  details  the  Company’s  contractual 
obligations due over the next five years and thereafter: 

($000s) 

2016 
2017 
2018 
2019 
2020 
Thereafter 
Total 

Long Term Debt 
and Finance Lease 
1,675 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
1,675 

Operating 
Leases 
2,930 
2,136 
1,606 
1,187 
1,001 
4,558 
13,418 

Total 

4,605 
2,136 
1,606 
1,187 
1,001 
4,558 
15,093 

During the year ended December 31, 2015, the company 
issued  584,108  shares  on  the  exercise  of  stock  options. 
Also  during  the  year,  ZCL  repurchased  and  cancelled 
530,500  shares  through  the  Normal  Course  Issuer  Bid 
implemented in March, 2015. 

Cash Flows 

($000’s) 

Operating activities 

Financing activities 

Investing activities 
Foreign exchange(1) 

Twelve Months 

2015 

2014 

22,287 

(8,470) 

(3,914) 

2,187 

17,313 

(4,280) 

(3,775) 

272 

12,090 

9,530 

(1) Foreign exchange gain on cash held in foreign currency. 

Operating Activities 

The  cash  flows  from  operating  activities  reflect  the  net 
impact  of 
i)  funds  from  operations  (for  additional 
information see the “Non-IFRS Measures” section later in 
this MD&A) and ii) changes in non-cash working capital. 

Funds from operations totalled $19.6 million for the year 
ended December 31, 2015, down $1.2 million from $20.8 
million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2014.  The 
decrease relative to 2014 is due primarily to the reduction 
in gross profit.   

Changes in non-cash working capital totalled $2.7 million 
for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2015  compared  to 
negative  $3.5  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31, 
2014.  The  major  contributing  factor  to  the  increase 
relative to 2014 was the reduction of accounts receivable.  
Cash  collected  from  accounts  receivable  was  partially 
offset  by  a  reduction  in  accounts  payable  and  accrued 
liabilities as at December 31, 2015. 

Financing Activities 

Cash  flows  used  in  financing  activities  were  $8.5  million 
for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to $4.3 
million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2014.    The 
increase in cash outflows relating to financing activities in 
2015 compared to a year earlier, was primarily due to the 
$3.2  million  used  to  repurchase  shares  through  the 
Normal  Course  Issuer  Bid  implemented  in  March,  2015.  
In  addition,  dividends  paid  in  2015  were  $5.3  million,  a 
$1.1  million  increase  over  2014.    The  exercise  of  stock 
options  in  2015  generated  $2.1  million  in  cash  inflows 
compared to the $1.3 million generated in 2014.   

14 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Management's Discussion and Analysis 

SUMMARY OF QUARTERLY RESULTS

The  table  below  presents  selected  financial  information 
for the eight most recent quarters, which should be read 
in conjunction with the applicable interim unaudited and 
annual  audited  consolidated  financial  statements  and 
accompanying notes.  

The  Company’s  financial  results  have  historically  been 
affected  by  seasonality  with  the  lowest  levels  of  activity 
occurring  in  the  first  half  of  the  year,  particularly  in  the 
first  quarter.  In  addition,  the  Company  is  subject  to 

fluctuations  in  the  US  to  Canadian  dollar  exchange  rate 
since a significant portion of its revenue is denominated in 
US dollars. Over the past eight quarters, the Canadian to 
US dollar conversion rate has ranged from a low of 1.07 in 
the second quarter of 2014 to a high of 1.39 in the fourth 
quarter of 2015. 

For the three months ended 

(in thousands of dollars, 
except per share amounts) 

Revenue 

Net income 

Adjusted EBITDA (note 1) 

Basic earnings per share 

Diluted earnings per share 

Adjusted EBITDA per diluted share (note 1) 

2015 

2014 

Dec 31 
$ 
46,974 

3,885 

6,005 

0.13 

0.13 

0.20 

Sep 30 
$ 
59,842 

5,205 

12,627 

0.17 

0.17 

0.41 

Jun 30  Mar 31 

$ 
46,664 

3,400 

6,052 

0.11 

0.11 

0.20 

$ 
32,195 

509 

1,800 

0.02 

0.02 

0.06 

Dec 31 
$ 
48,195 

4,895 

7,702 

0.16 

0.16 

0.25 

Sep 30 
$ 
49,361 

5,557 

8,834 

0.19 

0.18 

0.29 

Jun 30  Mar 31 

$ 
41,687 

4,492 

7,382 

0.15 

0.15 

0.24 

$ 
31,592 

1,372 

3,159 

0.05 

0.05 

0.10 

Dividends declared per share 
Note  1:  Adjusted  EBITDA  and  adjusted  EBITDA  per  diluted  share  are  non-IFRS  measures  and  are  defined  later  in  this  MD&A  under  "Non-IFRS 
Measures." 

0.045 

0.035 

0.045 

0.045 

0.035 

0.05 

0.04 

0.04 

15 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Management's Discussion and Analysis 

FOURTH QUARTER RESULTS  

Selected Financial Information 

(in thousands of dollars, 

except per share amounts) 
Operating Results 
Revenue 

Underground Fluid Containment 
Aboveground Fluid Containment 

Total revenue 
Gross profit (note 1) 

Gross margin (note 1) 
General and administration 
Foreign exchange gain 
Depreciation and amortization 
Finance expense 
Loss on disposal of assets 
Income tax expense 
Net income 
Earnings per share 

Basic 
Diluted 

Cash dividends declared per common share 
Adjusted EBITDA (note 1) 

Adjusted EBITDA as a % of revenue 
Adjusted EBITDA per diluted share 

Fourth Quarter Ended December 31 

2015 
$ 

42,324 
4,650 
46,974 
7,822 
17% 

2,281 
(348) 
1,078 
73 
3 
850 
3,885 

0.13 
0.13 
0.05 
6,005 
13% 

0.20 

2014 
$ 

37,616 
10,579 
48,195 
9,138 
19% 
2,156 
(568) 
1,000 
97 
104 
1,454 
4,895 

0.16 
0.16 
0.04 
7,702 
16% 
0.25 

Cash Flows 
Funds from operations (note 1 & 2) 
6,582 
Changes in non-cash working capital 
8,705 
Net repayment of long term debt and finance lease obligations 
(375) 
Issuance of common shares on exercise of stock options 
827 
Dividends paid 
(1,200) 
Purchase of capital and intangible assets, net of disposals 
(1,761) 
260 
Foreign exchange 
Note 1: Gross profit, gross margin, adjusted EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA per diluted share and funds from operations are non-IFRS measures 
and are defined later in the MD&A under “Non-IFRS Measures.” 
Note 2: Funds from operations excludes changes in non-cash working capital. 

4,515 
13,431 
555 
1,363 
1,345 
1,228 
688 

16 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Management's Discussion and Analysis 

Overall Fourth Quarter Performance 

Net income in the fourth quarter of 2015 was $3.9 million, 
down $1.0 million or 21% from $4.9 million a year earlier. 
Earnings  per  diluted  share  in  the  fourth  quarter  of  2015 
were  $0.13,  down  $0.03  or  20%  from  $0.16  per  diluted 
share  a  year  earlier.  The  decrease  in  net  income  was 
primarily  a  result  of  lower  revenues  and  profitability  in 
the Aboveground operating segment partially offset by an 
increase 
the 
Underground operating segment. 

the  revenue  and  profitability  of 

in 

Revenue 

($000s) 

2015 

2014 

%  
change 

Fourth Quarter 

Underground Fluid  
  Containment: 
Petroleum Products 
Water Products 

Aboveground Fluid  
  Containment: 
Corrosion Products 

35,567 
6,757 
42,324 

31,669 
5,947 
37,616 

12% 
14% 
13% 

4,650 
46,974 

10,579 
48,195 

(56%) 
(3%) 

Revenue  for  the  fourth  quarter  ended  December  31, 
2015, was $47.0 million, compared to $48.2 million in the 
fourth  quarter  of  2014.  Underground  operating  segment 
revenue  was  up  $4.7  million  compared  to  a  year  earlier, 
but  this  increase  was  more  than  offset  by  a  decrease  in 
the  Aboveground  operating  segment  revenue. 
  The 
change in revenue reflects the factors noted below: 

Underground Fluid Containment 

Underground revenue of $42.3 million was $4.7 million or 
13% higher in the fourth quarter of 2015, compared with 
$37.6 million in the fourth quarter of 2014. 

In  the  fourth  quarter  of  2015,  Petroleum  Products 
revenue  was  $35.6  million,  up  $3.9  million  or  12%  from 
$31.7  million  in  the  same  period  last  year.    The  increase 
was  attributable  to  the  US  market,  which  was  up  $1.9 
million  prior  to  a  positive  impact  on  the  US  to  Canadian 
dollar translation for reporting purposes. In the US, sales 
to  distributors  and  contractors  were  up  27%,  while  sales 
to  retail  petroleum  marketers  were  up  2%  compared  to 
the fourth quarter of 2014. 

In the Canadian Petroleum Products market, revenue was 
down $3.4 million for the fourth quarter of 2015, due to a 
decrease  in  upstream  sales  of  $1.2  million,  as  well  as  a 
$1.9  million  reduction  in  sales  to  major  oil  customers  in 
  The  Canadian  pre-order 
the  downstream  market. 

program was lower in the fourth quarter, compared with 
a year earlier. 

includes 

from 
Petroleum  Products  also 
international  operations,  which  was  up  $0.7  million 
compared to the fourth quarter of 2014, primarily due to 
increased  sales  of  Parabeam  compared  with  a  year 
earlier.  

revenue 

Water Products revenue for the fourth quarter of 2015 of 
$6.8 million was up $0.8 million or 14% from $5.9 million 
in  the  fourth  quarter  of  2014.  The  increase  in  US  Water 
sales  was  offset  by  a  decrease  in  Canadian  Water  sales, 
however  the  translation  of  the  US  sales  to  Canadian 
dollars  for  reporting  purposes  resulted  in  the  overall 
increase in revenue over 2014.  

Aboveground Fluid Containment 

Aboveground  revenue  of  $4.7  million 
in  the  fourth 
quarter of 2015 was $5.9 million or 56% lower than $10.6 
million  in  the  same  quarter  a  year  earlier,  with  the 
decrease  attributable  to  both  US  and  Canadian  markets. 
Revenue 
from  our  Western  Canadian  Corrosion 
customers  was  down  $1.9  million  as  compared  to  the 
same  quarter  in  2014.    In  Industrial  Corrosion,  revenue 
from  our  field  service  operations  was  down  $1.3  million 
and product revenue was down $2.7 million compared to 
the fourth quarter of 2014. 

The  Aboveground  operating  segment  is  more  dependent 
on  larger  orders  that  have  a  longer  order  cycle  from 
planning  to  order  fulfilment  than  the  Underground 
operating segment, and the timing of revenue is impacted 
accordingly. 

Gross Profit 

($000s) 

Underground Fluid 
  Containment 
Aboveground Fluid 
  Containment 

Fourth Quarter  

2015 

2014 

% 
change 

% of rev 
2015 

9,344 

7,587 

23% 

22% 

(1,522)

1,551 

(198%) 

(33%) 

7,822 

9,138 

(14%) 

17% 

In the fourth quarter of 2015, gross profit of $7.8 million 
decreased  by  $1.3  million  or  14%  compared  to  $9.1 
million  for  the  same  quarter  in  2014.  Gross  margin 
decreased two percentage points to 17% from 19% in the 
same  quarter  of  2014.  These  changes  reflect  the  factors 
discussed below: 

17 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Management's Discussion and Analysis 

Underground Fluid Containment 

Underground  gross  profit  of  $9.3  million  was  up  $1.7 
million  or  23%  from  $7.6  million  in  the  same  quarter  of 
2014.  Gross  margin  for  the  fourth  quarter  increased  two 
percentage  points  year  over  year  to  22%,  up  from  20%, 
driven  by  increases  in  the  US  Underground  operations 
compared to the same quarter in 2014. 

Aboveground Fluid Containment 

Aboveground gross profit was negative $1.5 million, down 
$3.1  million  from  $1.6  million  for  the  quarter  ended 
December  31,  2014.  Gross  margin  of  negative  33%  was 
down  46  percentage  points  from  13%  in  the  fourth 
quarter  of  2014.  The  year  over  year  decreases  in  both 
gross  margin  and  gross  profit  were  due  to  a  significant 
decrease in sales volume.  The current year did not have 
enough  revenue 
fixed 
manufacturing  cost  base  in  the  Aboveground  operating 
segment.  In addition, costs of $0.4 million relating to the 
Montreal  operating  facility  closure  were  incurred  during 
the  fourth  quarter  and  contributed  to  the  loss.  The 
decrease in the gross profit and gross margin in the fourth 
quarter of 2015 was derived from both US and Canadian 
Aboveground markets. 

to  adequately  support 

the 

General and Administration 

($000s) 

2015 
2014 
% change 

Fourth Quarter 
2,281 
2,156 
6% 

General  and  administration  (“G&A”)  expense  of  $2.3 
million  for  the  fourth  quarter  ended  December  31,  2015 
was up $0.1 million or 6% over the fourth quarter of 2014.  
The  increase  was  due  in  part  to  US  dollar  denominated 
G&A  that  increased  as  a  result  of  the  foreign  exchange 
conversion to Canadian dollars for reporting purposes. 

Foreign Exchange Gain 

($000s) 

2015 
2014 

Fourth Quarter 
(348) 
(568) 

The foreign exchange gain for each quarter was primarily 
related to the combination of fluctuations in the US dollar 
conversion rate and the US denominated monetary assets 
and 
the  Company’s  Canadian 
operations. 

liabilities  held  by 

The  following  table  details  the  US  dollar  and  euro 
conversion rates relative to the Canadian dollar. 

US Dollar and euro Conversion Rates 

Fourth 
Quarter 

2015 

2014 

Avg. 

Close  Avg. 

Close 

USD 
euro 

1.34 
1.46 

1.39  1.14 
1.51  1.42 

1.16 
1.41 

Avg. 
Change 
18% 
3% 

Close 
Change 
20% 
7% 

For additional information on the Company’s exposure to 
fluctuations  in  foreign  exchange  rates  see  the  “Financial 
Instruments” section included later in this MD&A. 

Depreciation and Amortization 

($000s) 

2015 
2014 
% change 

Fourth Quarter 
1,078 
1,000 
8% 

The 8% increase in depreciation and amortization expense 
for  the  quarter  ended  December  31,  2015  compared  to 
the quarter ended December 31, 2014, primarily resulted 
from  the  depreciation  and  amortization  on  US  dollar 
denominated fixed assets. The US assets are translated to 
Canadian dollars for reporting purposes at a higher value 
due  to  the  increase  in  the  value  of  the  US  dollar, 
compared with a year earlier. 

Finance Expense 

($000s) 

2015 
2014 
% change 

Fourth Quarter 
73 
97 
(2%) 

The reduction of the finance expense relative to the prior 
year is the result of the decrease in the principal balance 
of the term loan. 

Income Taxes 

Income  tax  expense  for  the  three  months  ended 
December 31, 2015, represented 18% of pre-tax income, 
compared  to  23%  of  pre-tax  income  in  the  same  quarter 
of  2014.    The  decrease  in  the  2015  annual  effective  tax 
rate  to  18%  is  a  result  of  our  jurisdictional  income 
allocation differing from expectations in previous quarters 
as well as the impact of the foreign exchange gains which 
are not taxed at the same rates as business income. 

18 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Management's Discussion and Analysis 

Comprehensive Income 

Financial Position/Cash Flows 

Comprehensive  income  for  each  period  is  comprised  of 
net  income  and  the  effects  of  translation  of  foreign 
operations with functional currencies denominated in US 
dollars  and  euros.  For  accounting  purposes,  assets  and 
liabilities of these foreign operations are translated at the 
exchange rate in effect on the balance sheet date.   

The  table  below  details  the  impact  of  the  translation  of 
foreign  operations  on  comprehensive  income  before  the 
impact of net income.  

($000s) 

2015 
2014 

Fourth Quarter  
2,999 
2,637 

The foreign translation gain in the fourth quarter of 2015 
was due to strengthening of the US dollar relative to the 
Canadian  dollar  throughout  the  three  months  from  1.34 
to 1.39. In the fourth quarter of 2014,  the US dollar also 
strengthened from 1.12 to 1.16. 

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

rate 

liquidity 

risk  and 

risk),  credit 

The Company’s activities expose it to a variety of financial 
risks  including  market  risk  (foreign  exchange  risk  and 
interest 
risk. 
Management  reviews  these  risks  on  an  ongoing  basis  to 
ensure  they  are  appropriately  managed.  The  Company 
may  use  foreign  exchange  forward  contracts  to  manage 
exposure to fluctuations in foreign exchange from time to 
time. The Company does not currently have a practice of 
trading  derivatives  and  had  no  derivative  instruments 
outstanding at December 31, 2015.  

Interest Rate Risk  

The Company’s objective in managing interest rate risk is 
to monitor expected volatility in interest rates while also 
levels. 
minimizing  the  Company’s  financing  expense 
Interest  rate  risk  mainly  arises  from  fluctuations  of 
interest rates and the related impact on the return earned 
on  cash  and  cash  equivalents,  restricted  cash  and  the 
expense  on  floating  rate  debt.  On  an  ongoing  basis, 
management  monitors  changes  in  short  term  interest 
rates  and  considers  long  term  forecasts  to  assess  the 
impact  on  the  Company.  The 
potential  cash  flow 
financial 
Company  does  not  currently  hold  any 
instruments  to  mitigate  its  interest  rate  risk.  Cash  and 
cash  equivalents  and  restricted  cash  earn  interest  based 
on market interest rates. Bank indebtedness balances and 
long  term  debt  have  floating  interest  rates  which  are 
subject to market fluctuations. 

The  effective  interest  rate  on  the  bank  indebtedness 
balance  at  December  31,  2015  was  prime  plus  25  basis 
points,  2.95%  (December  31,  2014  -  prime  plus  75  basis 

The  Company’s  working  capital  (current  assets 
less 
current  liabilities)  of  $76.8  million  as  at  December  31, 
2015 was an increase over the $71.7 million at September 
30,  2015.    Reductions  in  short  term  liabilities,  including 
accounts  payable  and  accrued  liabilities  and  deferred 
revenue, was the primary driver in the increase in working 
capital as compared to the prior quarter. 

points,  3.75%).    The  effective  interest  rate  on  the  term 
loan  balance  at  December  31,  2015  was  US  LIBOR  rate 
plus  175  basis  points,  2.18%  (December  31,  2014  –  US 
LIBOR  rate  plus  225  basis  points,  2.42%).  With  other 
variables unchanged, an increase or decrease of 100 basis 
points in the US LIBOR and Canadian prime interest rates 
would  have  a  minimal  impact  on  the  net  income  for  the 
year ended December 31, 2015. 

Foreign Exchange Risk  

in 

The  Company  operates  on  an  international  basis  and  is 
exposed to foreign exchange risk arising from transactions 
denominated 
foreign  currencies.  The  Company’s 
objective  with  respect  to  foreign  exchange  risk  is  to 
minimize  the  impact  of  the  volatility  related  to  financial 
assets  and  liabilities  denominated  in  a  foreign  currency 
where possible through effective cash flow management. 
Foreign currency exchange risk is limited to the portion of 
the  Company’s  business  transactions  denominated  in 
currencies  other  than  Canadian  dollars.  The  Company’s 
most  significant  foreign  exchange  risk  arises  primarily 
with respect to the US dollar. The revenues and expenses 
of  the  Company’s  US  operations  are  denominated  in  US 
dollars.  Certain  of  the  revenue  and  expenses  of  the 
Canadian  operations  are  also denominated  in  US  dollars. 
The  Company  is  also  exposed  to  foreign  exchange  risk 
associated  with  the  euro  due  to  its  operations  in  The 
Netherlands,  however,  these  amounts  are  not  significant 
to  the  Company’s  consolidated  financial  results.  On  an 
ongoing  basis,  management  monitors  changes  in  foreign 
long  term 
currency  exchange  rates  and  considers 

19 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Management's Discussion and Analysis 

forecasts to assess the potential cash flow impact on the 
Company. 

The  tables  that  follow  provide  an  indication  of  the 
Company’s  exposure  to  changes  in  the  value  of  the  US 
dollar  relative  to  the  Canadian  dollar,  as  at  and  for  the 
year ended December 31, 2015.  The analysis is based on 
financial assets and liabilities denominated in US dollars at 
the  end  of  the  period  (“balance  sheet  exposure”),  which 
are separated by domestic and foreign operations, and US 
dollar  denominated  revenue  and  operating  expenses 
during the period (“operating exposure”). 

Balance sheet exposure related to financial assets, net of 
financial liabilities, at December 31, 2015, was as follows: 

(in thousands of US dollars)  

Foreign operations 
Domestic operations 
Net balance sheet exposure 

$ 

19,242 
10,830 
30,072 

Operating  exposure  for  the  twelve  months  ended 
December 31, 2015, was as follows: 

(in thousands of US dollars) 

Sales 
Operating expenses 
Net operating exposure 

$ 

119,405 
96,480 
22,925 

The  weighted  average  US  to  Canadian  dollar  translation 
rate was 1.28 for the year ended December 31, 2015. The 
translation rate as at December 31, 2015, was 1.39. 

Based  on  the  foreign  currency  exposures  noted  above, 
with  other  variables  unchanged,  a  20%  decrease  in  the 
Canadian dollar would have impacted net income for the 
twelve months ended December 31, 2015, as follows: 

(in thousands of US dollars) 

$ 

Net balance sheet exposure of domestic operations 1,614 
2,815 
Net operating exposure of foreign operations 
4,429 
Change in net income 

Other  comprehensive  income  would  have  changed  $2.5 
million due to the net balance sheet exposure of financial 
assets and liabilities of foreign operations. The timing and 
volume of the above transactions, as well as the timing of 
their  settlement,  could  impact  the  sensitivity  of  the 
analysis. 

Credit Risk  

Credit risk is the risk of a financial loss to the Company if a 
customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails to 
meet its contractual obligations. The Company is exposed 
to  credit  risk  through  its  cash  and  cash  equivalents, 
restricted  cash  and  accounts  receivable.  The  Company 
manages the credit risk associated with its cash and cash 
equivalents  and  restricted  cash  by  holding  its  funds  with 
reputable financial institutions and investing only in highly 
rated securities that are traded on active markets and are 
capable  of  prompt  liquidation.  Credit  risk  for  trade  and 
through 
other  accounts 
established credit monitoring activities. The Company also 
mitigates  its  credit  risk  on  trade  accounts  receivable  by 
obtaining  a  cash  deposit  from certain  customers  with  no 
prior  order  history  with  the  Company,  or  where  the 
Company  perceives  the  customer  has  a  higher  level  of 
risk.  

receivable  are  managed 

The  Company  has  a  concentration  of  customers  in  the 
downstream  retail  oil  and  gas  and  industrial  corrosion 
sectors. The concentration risk is mitigated by the number 
of customers, growth and diversification of the customer 
base  and  by  a  significant  portion  of  the  customers  being 
large  international  organizations.  As  at  December  31, 
2015,  no  customer  exceeded  10%  of  the  consolidated 
trade  accounts  receivable  balance.    The  creditworthiness 
of  new  and  existing  customers  is  subject  to  review  by 
management  by  considering  such  items  as  the  type  of 
customer,  prior  order  history  and  the  size  of  the  order. 
Decisions to extend credit to new customers are approved 
by  management  and  the  creditworthiness  of  existing 
customers is monitored. 

The  Company  reviews 
its  trade  accounts  receivable 
regularly and amounts are written down to their expected 
realizable value when the account is determined not to be 
fully collectable. This generally occurs when the customer 
has indicated an inability to pay, the Company is unable to 
communicate with the customer over an extended period 
of time, and other methods to obtain payment have been 
considered  and  have  not  been  successful.  The  bad  debt 
expense  is  charged  to  net  income  in  the  period  that  the 
account  is  determined  to  be  doubtful.  Estimates  for  the 
allowance  for  doubtful  accounts  are  determined  on  a 
customer-by-customer evaluation of collectability at each 
reporting  date,  taking  into  account  the  amounts  which 
are  past  due  and  any  available  relevant  information  on 
the customers’ liquidity and going concern status. After all 
efforts  of  collection  have  failed,  the  accounts  receivable 
balance  not  collected  is  written  off  with  an  offset  to  the 
allowance  for  doubtful  accounts,  with  no  impact  on  net 
income. 

20 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Management's Discussion and Analysis 

The Company’s maximum exposure to credit risk for trade 
accounts  receivable  is  the  carrying  value  of  $24.5  million 
as  at  December  31,  2015  (December  31,  2014  -  $27.1 
million). On a geographic basis as at December 31, 2015, 
approximately  22%  (December  31,  2014  –  48%)  of  the 
balance  of  trade  accounts  receivable  was  due  from 
Canadian and non-US customers and 78% (December 31, 
2014 – 52%) was due from US customers.  The geographic 
change  in  accounts  receivable  reflects  the  changes  in 
geographic sources of revenue for the last quarter of the 
year relative to 2014. 

  As  at 
Payment  terms  are  generally  net  30  days. 
December  31,  2015,  the  percentages  of  trade  accounts 
receivable were as follows:  

Current 
Past due 1 to 30 days 
Past due 31 to 60 days 
Past due 61 to 90 days 
Past  due  greater  than 

90 days 

Total 

December 31, 
2015 
51% 
26% 
11% 
6% 

December 31, 
2014 
58% 
23% 
13% 
3% 

6% 

100% 

3% 

100% 

RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES

The  Company  is  subject  to  a  number  of  known  and 
unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that could 
cause  the  Company’s  actual  future  results  to  differ 
materially  from  those  historically  achieved  and  those 
reflected  in  forward-looking  statements  made  by  the 
Company.    These  factors  include,  but  are  not  limited  to, 
fluctuations  in  the  level  of  capital  expenditures  in  the 
Petroleum  Products,  Water  Products  and  Corrosion 
Products markets; drilling activity and oil and natural gas 
prices  and  other  factors  that  affect  demand  for  the 
Company’s  products  and  services;  industry  competition; 
the need to effectively integrate acquired businesses; the 
ability  of  management  to  implement  the  Company’s 
business  strategy  effectively;  political  and  general 
economic conditions; the ability to attract and retain key 
personnel;  raw  material  and  labour  costs;  fluctuations  in 
the  US  and  Canadian  dollar  exchange  rates;  accounts 
receivable risk; the ability to generate capital or maintain 
liquidity  and  credit  agreements  necessary  to  fund  future 
operations;  and  other  risks  and  uncertainties  described 
under  the  heading  “Risk  Factors”  in  the  Company’s  most 
recent  Annual  Information  Form  and  elsewhere  in  other 
documents  filed  with  Canadian  provincial  securities 
authorities  which  are  available 
the  public  at 
www.sedar.com. 

to 

Liquidity Risk  

The  Company’s  objective  related  to  liquidity  risk  is  to 
effectively  manage  cash  flows  to  minimize  the  exposure 
that the Company will not be able to meet its obligations 
associated  with  financial  liabilities.  On  an  ongoing  basis, 
liquidity  risk  is  managed  by  maintaining  adequate  cash 
and  cash  equivalent  balances  and  appropriately  utilizing 
lines  of  credit.  Management  believes  that 
available 
forecasted cash flows from operating activities, along with 
the  available  lines  of  credit,  will  provide  sufficient  cash 
requirements  to  cover  the  Company’s  forecasted  normal 
operating  activities,  commitments  and  budgeted  capital 
expenditures. 

The  Company  has  pledged  as  general  collateral  for 
advances under the operating credit facility and the bank 
term  loan  a  general  security  agreement  on  present  and 
future  assets,  guarantees  from  each  present  and  future 
direct  and  indirect  subsidiary  of  the  Company  supported 
by  a  first  registered  security  over  all  present  and  future 
is  not 
assets,  and  pledge  of  shares.  The  Company 
permitted to sell or re-pledge significant assets held under 
collateral without consent from the lenders. 

For  information  on  contractual  maturities  on  long  term 
obligations,  please  refer  to  the  “Liquidity  and  Capital 
Resources” section of this MD&A. 

Environmental Risks  

To  conduct  business  operations,  the  Company  owns  or 
leases  properties  and  is  subject  to  environmental  risks 
due to the use of chemicals in the manufacturing process.   

ZCL  manages  its  environmental  risks  by  appropriately 
dealing  with  chemicals  and  waste  material 
in  an 
environmentally  safe  and  responsible  manner,  and  in 
accordance  with  applicable  regulatory  requirements.    In 
addition,  the  Company  has  a  Health,  Safety  and 
Environment  Committee  that  meets  regularly  to  review 
and  monitor  environmental  issues,  compliance,  risks  and 
mitigation  strategies.    However,  it  is  unknown  whether 
specific  environmental  conditions  and 
incidents  will 
impact ZCL operations in the future. 

The Company elects to partially self-insure against risk of 
environmental  contamination  at  its  production  facilities 
as it has determined the risk to be low.  The Company is 
not  aware  of  any  unrecorded  material  environmental 
liabilities. 

21 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Management's Discussion and Analysis 

TRANSACTIONS WITH RELATED PARTIES 

included 

components  purchased 

Certain  manufacturing 
for 
$23,000  (2014  -  $90,000)  for  the  year  ended  December 
financial 
31,  2015, 
statements  as  cost  of  goods  sold  or  inventories,  were 
provided by a corporation whose Executive Chairman is a 
director of the Company. The transactions were incurred 
in  the  normal  course  of  operations  and  recorded  at  fair 

the  consolidated 

in 

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES & JUDGEMENTS

The  Company’s  financial  statements  have  been  prepared 
following  IFRS.  The  measurement  of  certain  assets  and 
liabilities 
is  dependent  upon  future  events  and  the 
outcome  will  not  be  fully  known  until  future  periods. 
Therefore,  the  preparation  of  the  financial  statements 
and 
requires  management 
assumptions  that  affect  the  reported  amounts  of  assets, 
liabilities,  revenues  and  expenses.  Such  estimates  and 
assumptions  have  been  made  using  careful  judgments, 
which  in  management’s  opinion,  are  reasonable  and 
conform to the significant accounting policies summarized 
in  the  December  31,  2015  annual  consolidated  financial 
statements.  Actual 
those 
estimated. 

results  may  vary 

to  make 

estimates 

from 

Impairment 

The  Company  assesses  impairment  at  each  reporting 
period  by  evaluating  the  circumstances  specific  to  the 
organization that may lead to an impairment of assets.  In 
addition  to  the  quarterly  assessment,  the  Company  also 
performs  an  annual  impairment  test  on  goodwill  and 
certain  intangible  assets  in  accordance  with  IAS  36: 
“Impairment of Assets.” 

indicators  of 

impairment  exist,  and  at 

Where 
least 
annually  for  goodwill  and  certain  intangible  assets,  the 
recoverable amount of the asset or group of assets (cash 
generating  units) 
is  compared  against  the  carrying 
amount.    Any  excess  of  the  carrying  amount  over  the 
recoverable amount will be recognized as an impairment 
loss in the income statement. The recoverable amount is 
calculated as the higher of the assets’ (or group of assets) 
value  in  use  or  fair  value  less  cost  to  sell.  The  actual 
growth 
the 
rates  and  other  estimates  used 
determination  of  fair  values  at  the  time  of  impairment 
tests  may  vary  materially  from  those  realized  in  future 
periods. 

in 

Property,  Plant  and  Equipment,  Intangible  Assets  and 
Goodwill  

Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets with 
finite 
less  accumulated 
depreciation  and  amortization.  Goodwill  and  indefinite 

lives  are  recorded  at  cost 

value  being  normal  commercial  rates  for  the  products. 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities at December 31, 
2015  included  $6,000  (December  31,  2014  -  $11,000) 
owing  to  the  corporation.  There  are  no  ongoing 
contractual  or  other  commitments  resulting  from  these 
transactions. 

intangible  assets  are 

life 
recorded  at  cost.  The 
unamortized  balances,  or  carrying  values,  are  regularly 
reviewed  for  recoverability  or  tested  for  impairment 
whenever  events  or  circumstances  indicate  that  these 
amounts  exceed  their  fair  values.  The  valuation  of  these 
assets is based on estimated future net cash flows, taking 
into  account  current  and  future  industry  and  other 
conditions.  An  impairment  loss  would  be  recognized  for 
the amount that the carrying value exceeds the fair value. 
Depreciation  and  amortization  of  property,  plant  and 
equipment and intangible assets with finite lives is based 
on  estimates  of  the  useful  lives  of  the  assets.  The  useful 
lives  are  estimated,  and  a  method  of  depreciation  and 
amortization is selected at the time the assets are initially 
acquired and then re-evaluated each reporting period.  

Judgment  is  required  to  determine  whether  events  or 
circumstances warrant a revision to the remaining periods 
of  depreciation  and  amortization.  The  estimates  of  cash 
flows  used  to  assess  the  potential  impairment  of  these 
assets  are  subject  to  measurement  uncertainty.  A 
significant change in these estimates and judgments could 
to  depreciation  and 
result 
amortization expense or impairment charges.  

in  a  material  change 

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts  

receivable  balance 

is  a 
The  Company’s  accounts 
significant  portion  of  overall  assets.  Credit  is  spread 
among  many  customers  and  the  Company  has  not 
experienced  significant  accounts  receivable  collection 
problems  in  the  past.  The  Company  performs  ongoing 
credit  evaluations  and  maintains  allowances  for  doubtful 
accounts based on the assessment of individual customer 
receivable  balances,  credit  information,  past  collection 
history and the overall financial strength of customers. A 
change  in  these  factors  could  impact  the  estimated 
allowance and the provision for bad debts recorded in the 
accounts. The actual collection of accounts receivable and 
the  resulting  bad  debts  may  differ  from  the  estimated 
allowance  for  doubtful  accounts  and  the  difference  may 
be material. 

22 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
underwritten  by  a  major  international  insurer.  Effective 
December  1,  2006,  the  Company  formed 
its  own 
insurance  captive  to 
insure  the  Prezerver  program.  
Effective  January  31,  2015,  the  Company  ceased  offering 
the Canadian Prezerver program due to changing market 
conditions. 

The Company provides for warranty obligations based on 
a  review  of  products  sold  and  historical  warranty  costs 
experienced. Provisions for warranty costs are charged to 
manufacturing  and  selling  costs  and  revisions  to  the 
estimated provision are charged to earnings in the period 
in  which  they  occur.  While  the  Company  maintains  high 
quality  standards  and  has  a  limited  history  of  liability  or 
warranty  problems  under  its  standard  warranties  or 
Prezerver  program,  there  can  be  no  guarantee  that  the 
warranty  provision  recorded,  self-insurance  provided  by 
ZCL's captive insurance company or third party insurance 
will  be  sufficient  to  cover  all  potential  claims.  Excluding 
the enhanced Prezerver warranty, the maximum exposure 
to the Company for warranty claims is, at the Company’s 
sole discretion, to repair or replace the product giving rise 
to the claim. The actual costs of warranties may vary from 
those estimated, and the difference may be material. 

Management's Discussion and Analysis 

Self-insured Liabilities 

The Company self-insures certain risks related to pollution 
protection  provided  on  certain  product  sales,  general 
liability  claims  and  US  workers  compensation  through 
Radigan  Insurance  Inc.,  its  captive  insurance  company. 
The provision for self-insured liabilities includes estimates 
of  the  costs  of  reported  and  expected  claims  based  on 
estimates  of  loss  using  assumptions  determined  by  an 
actuary.  The  actual  costs  of  claims  may  vary  from  those 
estimates, and the difference may be material.   

Project Cost Forecasting 

The Company routinely enters into large field service and 
manufacturing  projects  in  the  Aboveground  operating 
segment.    On  an  ongoing  basis  and  at  every  reporting 
period,  management  performs  an  analysis  on  these 
projects to estimate if the total expected project costs are 
recoverable  relative  to  the  purchase  order  value  of  the 
project.  The actual outcome of these projects may differ 
from those estimates, and the difference may be material. 

Warranties 

The Company generally warrants its products for a period 
of  one  year  after  sale,  and  for  up  to  30  years  for 
corrosion,  if  the  products  are  properly  installed  and  are 
used  solely  for  storage  of  specified  liquids.  In  Canada, 
until January 31, 2015, the Company marketed a storage 
system  under  the  Prezerver®  trademark  that  carried  an 
enhanced  protection  program.    The  Prezerver  system 
included  an  enhanced  10  year  limited  warranty  covering 
product  replacement,  third-party  pollution  protection, 
site  clean-up  and  defence  costs  up  to  the  limits  allowed 
under  the  warranty.  Until  December  1,  2006,  the 
Canadian  Prezerver  program  was  covered  by  insurance 

NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS 

Standards effective January 1, 2015 

Standards issued but not yet effective 

During  the  year,  the  Company  applied  certain  standards 
and  amendments  that  did  not  significantly  impact  the 
consolidated financial statements of the Company.  These 
include  amendments  to  IFRS  2  Share-based  Payments; 
IFRS  3  Business  Combinations; 
IFRS  13  Fair  Value 
Measurement; IAS 16 Property, Plant, and Equipment; IAS 
24 Related Party Disclosures; and IAS 38 Intangible Assets.  
IFRS  8 
The  Company  also  applied  amendments  to 
Operating  Segments  which 
the 
judgments made by management in applying aggregation 
criteria 
  Specific 
disclosures  on  management’s  judgment  can  be  found  in 
note 24 of these Consolidated Financial Statements. 

for  similar  operating  segments. 

include  disclosing 

The  listing  below  includes  standards,  amendments,  and 
interpretations  that  the  Company  reasonably  expects  to 
be applicable at a future date and intends to adopt when 
they become effective. The Company is in the process of 
analysing the impact of these standards on the statement 
of  financial  position  and  results  of  operations  of  the 
Company: 

• 

supersede  all  current 

In  May  2014,  the  IASB  issued  IFRS  15  Revenue  from 
Contracts with Customers (IFRS 15). The new revenue 
standard  will 
revenue 
recognition requirements under IFRS.  IFRS 15 applies 
to all revenue contracts with customers and provides 
a model for the recognition and measurement of the 
sale  of  some  non-financial  assets  such  as  property, 
plant, and equipment and intangible assets. This new 

23 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Management's Discussion and Analysis 

that 

reflects 

such  as 

in  an  amount 

standard  sets  out  a  five-step  model  for  revenue 
recognition  and  applies  to  all  industries.  The  core 
principle  is  that  revenue  should  be  recognized  to 
depict  the  transfer  of  promised  goods or  services  to 
customers 
the 
consideration that the entity expects to be entitled to 
in  exchange  for  those  goods  or  services.  IFRS  15 
requires  numerous  disclosures, 
the 
disaggregation  of  total  revenue,  disclosures  about 
performance  obligations,  changes  in  contract  asset 
and  liability  account  balances,  and  key  judgments 
and  estimates.  This  new  standard,  effective  January 
1, 2018, may be adopted using a full retrospective or 
modified retrospective approach. 
In  July  2014,  the  IASB 
issued  IFRS  9  Financial 
Instruments  (IFRS  9)  to  replace  IAS  39  Financial 
Instruments:  Recognition  and  Measurement.  IFRS  9 
provides  a  revised  model  for  the  recognition  and 
measurement  of  financial  assets,  financial  liabilities, 
and some contracts to buy or sell non-financial items. 
includes  a  single  expected-loss 
In  addition, 
impairment  model  and  a  reformed  approach  to 
hedge  accounting.  This  standard  is  effective  January 

it 

• 

• 

• 

34 

IASB 

Interim 

Financial  Reporting. 

1,  2018,  on  a  retrospective  basis  subject  to  certain 
exceptions. 
In  September  2014, 
issued  Annual 
the 
Improvements  (2012-2015  Cycle)  to  make  necessary 
but  non-urgent  amendments  to  IFRS  5  Non-current 
Assets  Held  for  Sale  and  Discontinued  Operations; 
IFRS 7 Financial Instrument: Disclosures (IFRS 7); and 
IAS 
These 
amendments  are  effective  January  1,  2016,  on  a 
retrospective  basis  with  the  exception  of  IAS  34 
which is effective on a prospective basis.  
In  December  2014,  the 
issued  Disclosure 
It  provides 
Initiative 
amended guidance on materiality and on the order of 
financial  statements.  These 
the  notes  to 
amendments  can  be  applied 
immediately,  and 
become mandatory for periods beginning on or after 
January 1, 2016. 

(Amendments  to 

IAS  1). 

IASB 

the 

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures  

Disclosure  controls  and  procedures 
(“DC&P”)  are 
designed  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  that  all 
relevant  information  is  gathered  and  reported  to  senior 
management,  including  the  President  &  Chief  Executive 
Officer (“CEO”) and the Chief  Financial Officer (“CFO”) of 
ZCL on a timely basis so that appropriate decisions can be 
made regarding public disclosure.  

As  at  December  31,  2015,  the  CEO  and  the  CFO  have 
evaluated  the  effectiveness  of  the  design  and  operation 
of  our  DC&P  as  defined  by  National  Instrument  52-109, 
Certification  of  Disclosure  in  Issuers’  Annual  and  Interim 
Filings.    Based  on  this  evaluation,  the  CEO  and  the  CFO 
have concluded that, as at December 31, 2015, our DC&P 
were  effective  to  ensure  that  the  material  information 
relating to ZCL and its consolidated subsidiaries would be 
made  known  to  them  by  others  within  those  entities, 
particularly during the period in which the MD&A and the 
consolidated financial statements were being prepared. 

Internal Controls over Financial Reporting  

Internal  control  over  financial  reporting  (“ICFR”) 
is 
designed  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  the 
reliability  of  financial  reporting  and  the  preparation  of 
financial  statements  for  external  purposes  in  accordance 
with  IFRS.    Management  is  responsible  for  establishing 

and  maintaining  adequate  ICFR.    Management  have 
assessed  the  effectiveness  of  our  ICFR  at  December  31, 
2015, based on the criteria set forth in Internal Control – 
Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of 
Sponsoring  Organizations  of  the  Treadway  Commission 
(COSO).  Based  on 
this  assessment,  management 
concluded  that,  as  at  December  31,  2015,  our  ICFR  was 
effective,  and  expect  to  certify  ZCL’s  annual  filings  with 
the Canadian securities regulatory authorities. 

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting 

Management has evaluated whether there were changes 
in  the  Company’s  ICFR  during  the  year  ended  December 
31, 2015 that have materially affected, or are reasonably 
likely  to  materially  affect,  the  Company’s  ICFR.  No 
material  changes  were  identified.  There  were  also  no 
material  weaknesses  relating  to  the  design  of  ICFR  at 
December  31,  2015,  and  no  limitations  on  the  scope  of 
design  of  ICFRs.  While  management  of  the  Company  has 
evaluated  the  effectiveness  of  disclosure  controls  and 
procedures and ICFR as of December 31, 2015, and have 
concluded  that  these  controls  and  procedures  are  being 
maintained  as  designed, 
the 
disclosure  controls  and  procedures  and  ICFR  may  not 
prevent all errors and fraud.  

recognize 

they 

that 

24 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

OUTSTANDING SHARE DATA 

As  at  March  2,  2016,  there  were  30,267,070  common 
shares  and  1,156,  436  share  options  outstanding.  Of  the 
options  outstanding,  721,748  are  currently  exercisable 
into  common  shares.    ZCL  repurchased  and  cancelled 
530,500  shares  through  the  Normal  Course  Issuer  Bid 
implemented in March, 2015. 

OTHER INFORMATION 

Additional information relating to the Company, including 
the  Annual  Information  Form  (AIF),  is  filed  on  SEDAR  at 
www.sedar.com. 

NON-IFRS MEASURES

The  Company  uses  both  IFRS  and  non-IFRS  measures  to 
make strategic decisions and set targets and believes that 
these  non-IFRS  measures  provide  useful  supplemental 
information  to  investors.  Gross  profit,  gross  margin, 
adjusted  EBITDA,  adjusted  EBITDA  per  diluted  share, 
funds  from  operations,  working  capital,  net  cash,  return 
on  capital  employed  and  backlog  are  measures  used  by 
the  Company  that  do  not  have  a  standardized  meaning 
prescribed by IFRS and may not be comparable to similar 
measures  used  by  other  companies.  Included  below  are 
tables calculating or reconciling these non-IFRS measures 
where applicable.  

Gross profit is defined as revenue less manufacturing and 
selling  costs.  Manufacturing  and  selling  costs  include 
direct  materials  and 
fixed 
manufacturing  overhead  and  marketing  and  selling 
expenses  and  exclude  depreciation  and  amortization, 
general and administration and financing expenses. 

labour,  variable  and 

Gross  margin 
revenue. 

is  defined  as  gross  profit  divided  by 

Adjusted  EBITDA  is  defined  as  income  from  operations 
before  finance  expense, 
income  taxes,  share-based 
compensation,  depreciation  of  property,  plant  and 
equipment,  amortization  of  deferred  development  costs 
and intangible assets, gains or losses on sale of assets, and 
impairment  of  assets.  Readers  are  cautioned  that 
adjusted  EBITDA  should  not  be  construed  as  an 
alternative  to  net  income  as  determined  in  accordance 
with IFRS. 

Adjusted EBITDA per diluted share is defined as adjusted 
EBITDA  divided  by  weighted  average  diluted  shares 
outstanding. 

Funds  from  operations  are  defined  as  cash  flows  from 
operating  activities  before  changes  in  non-cash  working 
capital. 

Working  capital  is  defined  as  current  assets  less  current 
liabilities. 

Net cash is defined as cash and cash equivalents less long 
term  debt,  current  portion  of  long  term  debt,  finance 
lease  and  bank 
lease,  current  portion  of 
indebtedness. 

finance 

Return on capital employed is defined as adjusted EBITDA 
divided  by  average  capital  employed,  being  average 
shareholders’  equity,  plus  average 
long  term  debt, 
including  current  portion,  less  average  cash  and  cash 
equivalents. 

Backlog  is  defined  as  the  total  value  of  orders  that  have 
not  yet  been  included  in  revenue  and  that  management 
has  assessed  as  having  a  high  certainty  of  being 
performed  because  of  the  existence  of  a  contract  or 
purchase  order  specifying  the  scope,  value  and  timing  of 
an order. 

25 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

RECONCILIATION OF NON-IFRS MEASURES 

The following table presents the calculation of gross profit and gross margin.  

(in thousands of dollars) 
Revenue 
Manufacturing and selling costs 
Gross profit 

     Gross margin 

Fourth Quarter Ended 
December 31 

2015 
$ 
46,974 
39,152 
7,822 

17% 

2014 
$ 
48,195 
39,057 
9,138 

19% 

Year Ended 
December 31 
2014 
$ 
170,835 
136,375 
34,460 

2015 
$ 
185,675 
152,484 
33,191 

18% 

20% 

2013 
$ 
161,704 
128,222 
33,482 

21% 

The following table reconciles net income in accordance with IFRS to EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA. 

(in thousands of dollars) 
Net income from operations 
Adjustments: 

Depreciation and amortization 

Finance expense 

Income tax expense 

EBITDA 

Share-based compensation 
Loss on disposal of property, plant & equipment 
Loss on impairment of goodwill 
Loss on impairment of property, plant and 

equipment 

Adjusted EBITDA 

     Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of revenue 

Fourth Quarter Ended 
December 31 

2015 
$ 
3,885 

1,078 

73 

850 
5,886 
116 
3 
- 

- 

6,005 

13% 

2014 
$ 
4,895 

1,000 

97 

1,454 
7,446 
152 
104 
- 

- 

7,702 

16% 

Year Ended 
December 31 
2014 
$ 
16,316 

3,748 

383 

5,895 
26,342 
685 
50 
- 

2013 
$ 
14,385 

3,991 

446 

6,048 
24,870 
624 
106 
- 

- 

- 

2015 
$ 
12,999 

3,955 

319 

5,894 
23,167 
407 
32 
2,656 

222 

26,484 

27,077 

25,600 

14% 

16% 

16% 

The following table presents the calculation of adjusted EBITDA per diluted share. 

Numerator (in thousands of dollars) 

Adjusted EBITDA 

Denominator (in thousands) 

Weighted average shares outstanding - basic 
Effect of dilutive securities: 

Stock options 

Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted 
Adjusted EBITDA per diluted share 

Fourth Quarter Ended 
December 31 
2015 
$ 
6,005 

2014 
$ 
7,702 

Year Ended 
December 31

2015 
$ 
26,484 

2014 
$ 
27,077 

2013 
$ 
25,600 

30,018 

30,038 

30,200 

29,963 

29,308 

185 
30,203 
0.20 

432 
30,470 
0.25 

165 
30,365 
0.87 

416 
30,379 
0.89 

399 
29,707 
0.86 

26 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

The following table presents the calculation of funds from operations. 

(in thousands of dollars) 
Net income from operations 
Add (deduct) items not affecting cash: 
Depreciation and amortization 
Deferred tax (recovery) expense  
Loss on disposal of property, plant & equipment 
Share-based compensation 
Impairment of assets 

Funds from operations 

Fourth Quarter Ended 
December 31 

2015 
$ 
3,885 

1,078 
(567) 
3 
116 
- 
4,515 

2014 
$ 
4,895 

1,000 
431 
104 
152 
- 
6,582 

Year Ended 
December 31
2014 
$ 
16,316 

3,748 
(28) 
50 
685 
- 
20,771 

2015 
$ 
12,999 

3,955 
(694) 
32 
407 
2,878 
19,577 

2013 
$ 
14,385 

3,991 
(693) 
106 
624 
- 
18,413 

The following table presents the calculation of working capital. 

(in thousands of dollars) 
Current assets 
Current liabilities 
Working capital 

December 31, 2015 

$ 
105,032 
28,251 
76,781 

As at 
December 31, 2014 
$ 
89,550 
26,682 
62,868 

December 31, 2013 
$ 

70,272 
22,160 
48,112 

The following table presents the calculation of net cash. 

(in thousands of dollars) 
Cash and cash equivalents  
Less: Bank indebtedness 
Less: Long term debt (including current portion) 
Less: Finance lease (including current portion) 
Net cash 

December 31, 2015 
$ 
40,770 
- 
(1,317) 
(358) 
39,095 

As at 
December 31, 2014 
$ 
28,680 
- 
(2,601) 
- 
26,079 

December 31, 2013 
$ 

19,150 
- 
(3,736) 
- 
15,414 

The following table presents the calculation of return on capital employed. 

(in thousands of dollars) 
Adjusted EBITDA  

Average capital employed: 
Shareholders’ equity 
Long term debt (including current portion) 
Less: cash and cash equivalents 

Average capital employed 

Return on capital employed  
(Adjusted EBITDA/Average Capital Employed) 

December 31, 2015 
$ 
26,484 

As at 
December 31, 2014 
$ 
27,077 

December 31, 2013 
$ 
25,600 

133,837 
2,138 
(34,725) 
101,250 

26% 

114,077 
3,169 
(23,915) 
93,331 

29% 

95,297 
4,249 
(12,123) 
87,423 

29% 

27 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In  addition  to  the  factors  noted  above,  management 
cautions  readers  that  the  current  economic  environment 
could have a negative impact on the markets in which the 
Company  operates  and  on  the  Company’s  ability  to 
achieve  its  financial  targets.  Factors  such  as  continuing 
global  economic  uncertainty,  tight  lending  standards, 
volatile  capital  markets,  fluctuating  commodity  prices, 
and other factors could negatively impact the demand for 
the  Company’s  products  and  the  Company’s  ability  to 
grow  or  sustain  revenues  and  earnings.  Fluctuations  in 
conversion  rates  of  the  US  dollar  to  Canadian  dollar  and 
euro to Canadian dollar also have the potential to impact 
the Company’s revenues and earnings. 

The  Company  believes  that  the  expectations  reflected  in 
the  forward-looking  statements  are  reasonable,  but  no 
assurance can be given that these expectations will prove 
to  be  correct  and  such  forward-looking  statements 
included in this report should not be unduly relied upon. 

The forward-looking statements in this report speak only 
as  of  the  date  of  this  report.  The  Company  does  not 
undertake  to  update  any  forward-looking  statement, 
whether written or oral, that may be made from time to 
time  by  the  Company  or  on  the  Company’s  behalf, 
whether as a result of new information, future events, or 
otherwise,  except  as  may  be  required  under  applicable 
securities 
statements 
contained in this document are expressly qualified by this 
cautionary statement. 

forward-looking 

laws. 

The 

Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

ADVISORY REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This  document  contains 
forward-looking  statements 
under  the  heading  “Outlook”  and  elsewhere  concerning 
future  events  or  the  Company’s  future  performance, 
including  the  Company’s  objectives  or  expectations  for 
revenue  and  earnings  growth, 
income  taxes  as  a 
percentage  of  pre-tax  income,  business  opportunities  in 
the  Petroleum  Products,  Water  Products,  Corrosion 
Products  markets,  efforts  to  reduce  administrative  and 
production  costs,  manage  production  levels,  anticipated 
capital  expenditure  trends,  activity  in  the  petroleum  and 
other industries and markets served by the Company and 
the sufficiency of cash flows and credit facilities available 
to  cover  normal  operating  and  capital  expenditures. 
Forward-looking  statements  are  often,  but  not  always, 
identified  by  the  use  of  words  such  as  “seek,” 
“anticipate,”  “plan,”  “continue,”  “estimate,”  “expect,” 
“forecast,” “may,” “will,” “project,” “predict,” “potential,” 
“targeting,” 
“should,” 
“believe” and similar expressions. Actual events or results 
in  the 
may  differ  materially  from  those  reflected 
Company’s  forward-looking  statements  due  to  a  number 
of  known  and  unknown  risks,  uncertainties  and  other 
factors  affecting  the  Company’s  business  and  the 
industries the Company serves generally.  

“intend,” 

“might,” 

“could,” 

implement 

These factors include, but are not limited to, fluctuations 
in  the  level  of  capital  expenditures  in  the  Petroleum 
Products,  Water  Products,  and  Corrosion  Products 
markets,  drilling  activity  and  oil  and  natural  gas  prices, 
and  other  factors  that  affect  demand  for  the  Company’s 
products  and  services,  industry  competition,  the  need  to 
effectively integrate acquired businesses, uncertainties as 
its  business 
to  the  Company’s  ability  to 
strategy effectively, political and economic conditions, the 
Company’s ability to attract and retain key personnel, raw 
material  and  labour  costs,  fluctuations  in  the  US  dollar, 
euro and Canadian dollar exchange rates, and other risks 
and  uncertainties  described  under  the  heading  “Risk 
Factors” 
recent  Annual 
Information  Form,  and  elsewhere  in  this  document  and 
other documents filed with Canadian provincial securities 
authorities.  These  documents  are  available  to  the  public 
at  www.sedar.com. 
financial 
  The 
statements  have  been  prepared 
in  accordance  with 
International  Financial  Reporting  Standards  and  the 
reporting currency is in Canadian dollars. 

the  Company’s  most 

consolidated 

in 

28 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Financial Statements 

ZCL Composites Inc. 
Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes 
For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 

29 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Financial Statements 

INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORT 

To the Shareholders of ZCL Composites Inc. 

Report on the Financial Statements 
We  have  audited  the  accompanying  consolidated  financial  statements  of  ZCL  Composites  Inc.,  which  comprise  the 
consolidated balance sheets as at December 31, 2015, and 2014, and the consolidated statements of income, comprehensive 
income, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, and a summary of significant 
accounting policies and other explanatory information.  

Management’s responsibility for the consolidated financial statements 
Management  is  responsible  for  the  preparation  and  fair  presentation  of  these  consolidated  financial  statements  in 
accordance  with  International  Financial  Reporting  Standards,  and  for  such  internal  control  as  management  determines  is 
necessary to enable the preparation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether 
due to fraud or error. 

Auditors’ responsibility 
Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our 
audits  in  accordance  with  Canadian  generally  accepted  auditing  standards.  Those  standards  require  that  we  comply  with 
ethical  requirements  and  plan  and  perform  the  audit  to  obtain  reasonable  assurance  about  whether  the  consolidated 
financial statements are free from material misstatement. 

An  audit  involves  performing  procedures  to  obtain  audit  evidence  about  the  amounts  and  disclosures  in  the  consolidated 
financial  statements.  The  procedures  selected  depend  on  the  auditors’  judgment,  including  the  assessment  of  the  risks  of 
material  misstatement  of  the  consolidated  financial  statements,  whether  due  to  fraud  or  error.  In  making  those  risk 
assessments,  the  auditor  considers  internal  control  relevant  to  the  entity's  preparation  and  fair  presentation  of  the 
consolidated financial statements in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for 
the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity's internal control. An audit also includes evaluating 
the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates made by management,  as 
well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. 
We  believe  that  the  audit  evidence  we  have  obtained  in  our audits  is  sufficient  and  appropriate  to  provide  a  basis  for  our 
audit opinion.  

Opinion 
In  our  opinion,  the  consolidated  financial  statements  present  fairly,  in  all  material  respects,  the  financial  position  of  ZCL 
Composites Inc. as at December 31, 2015, and 2014, and its financial performance and its cash flows for the years then ended 
in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards. 

Edmonton, Canada 
March 2, 2016 

30 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Financial Statements 

March 2, 2016 

MANAGEMENT’S REPORT 

The Financial Report, including the consolidated financial statements and other financial information, is the responsibility of 
the management of the Company. The consolidated financial statements were prepared by management in accordance with 
International  Financial  Reporting  Standards.  When  alternative  accounting  methods  exist,  management  has  chosen  those  it 
considers  most  appropriate  in  the  circumstances.  The  significant  accounting  policies  used  are  described  in  note  3  to  the 
consolidated financial statements. The integrity of the information presented in the financial statements, including estimates 
and  judgments  relating  to  matters  not  concluded  by  year  end,  is  the  responsibility  of  management.  Financial  information 
presented elsewhere in this Annual Report has been prepared by management and is consistent with the information in the 
consolidated financial statements.  

Management  is  responsible  for  the  establishment  and  maintenance  of  systems  of  internal  accounting  and  administrative 
controls which are designed to provide reasonable assurance that the financial information is accurate and reliable, and that 
the Company's assets are appropriately accounted for and adequately safeguarded. The internal control system also includes 
an established business conduct policy that applies to all employees.  Management believes the system of internal controls, 
review procedures, and established policies provide reasonable assurance as to the reliability and relevance of the financial 
reports. 

The  Board of  Directors  is  responsible  for  ensuring  that  management  fulfills  its  responsibilities  and  for  final  approval  of  the 
annual consolidated financial statements. The Board appoints an Audit Committee consisting of unrelated, non-management 
directors that meets at least four times each year under a written mandate from the Board. The Audit Committee meets with 
management  and  with  the  independent  auditors  to  satisfy  itself  that  they  are  properly  discharging  their  responsibilities, 
reviews the consolidated financial statements and the Auditors' Report, including the quality of the accounting principles and 
significant  judgments  applied,  and  examines  other  auditing  and  accounting  matters.  The  Committee  also  recommends  the 
firm of external auditors to be appointed by the shareholders.  The independent auditors have full and unrestricted access to 
the Audit Committee, with and without management being present. The consolidated financial statements and other financial 
information have been reviewed by the Audit Committee and approved by the Board of Directors of ZCL Composites Inc.  

The consolidated financial statements have been audited by the Company’s external auditors, Ernst & Young LLP, Chartered 
Professional  Accountants,  in  accordance  with  generally  accepted  auditing  standards  on  behalf  of  the  shareholders.  The 
Auditors' Report outlines the nature of their examination and their opinion on the consolidated financial statements of the 
Company.  

“Ron Bachmeier” 
Ronald M. Bachmeier 
President and CEO 

“Kathy Demuth” 
Katherine L. Demuth 
Chief Financial Officer 

31 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Financial Statements 

Consolidated Balance Sheets 
As at  

(in thousands of dollars) 
ASSETS 
Current 
Cash and cash equivalents [note 10] 
Accounts receivable [note 21] 
Inventories [note 5] 
Income taxes recoverable  
Prepaid expenses 

Property, plant and equipment [note 7] 
Assets held for sale [note 7] 
Intangible assets [note 8] 
Goodwill [note 25] 
Other assets 
TOTAL ASSETS 

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY 
Current 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities [note 21] 
Dividends payable [note 14] 
Income taxes payable 
Deferred revenue 
Current portion of provisions [notes 10 and 21] 
Current portion of long term debt [note 11] 
Current portion of finance lease [note 12] 

Deferred tax liabilities [note 17] 
Long term portion of provisions [notes 10 and 21] 
Long term debt [note 11] 
TOTAL LIABILITIES 

Shareholders' equity 
Share capital [note 15] 
Contributed surplus [note 16] 
Accumulated other comprehensive income 
Retained earnings 
TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY 
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY 
See accompanying notes 

December 31, 
2015 
$ 

December 31, 
2014 
  $ 

40,770 
25,414 
35,124 
1,932 
1,792 
105,032 
31,205 
1,236 
2,994 
37,077 
— 
177,544 

18,285 
1,513 
1,430 
4,324 
1,024 
1,317 
358 
28,251 
3,929 
1,086 
— 
33,266 

76,066 
2,357 
15,216 
50,639 
144,278 
177,544 

28,680 
27,793 
31,028 
980 
1,069 
89,550 
29,143 
— 
3,819 
33,950 
192 
156,654 

19,045 
1,208 
278 
3,600 
1,053 
1,498 
— 
26,682 
4,220 
1,253 
1,103 
33,258 

76,592 
2,568 
1,006 
43,230 
123,396 
156,654 

On behalf of the Board:                                         Director                                                      Director 

32 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Financial Statements 

Consolidated Statements of Income  
For the years ended December 31, 

(in thousands of dollars, except per share amounts) 

Revenue 
Manufacturing and selling costs [note 6] 
Gross profit 

General and administration 
Foreign exchange gain 
Depreciation and amortization [notes 7 and 8] 
Finance expense [note 20] 
Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment [note 7] 
Loss on impairment of goodwill [note 25] 
Loss on impairment of property, plant and equipment [note 7] 

Income before income taxes 

Income tax expense (recovery) [note 17] 
  Current 
  Deferred 

Net income 

Earnings per share [note 18] 
  Basic 
  Diluted 
See accompanying notes

2015 
$ 

185,675 
152,484 
33,191 

9,287 
(2,173) 
3,955 
319 
32 
2,656 
222 
14,298 
18,893 

6,588 
(694) 
5,894 

2014   
$ 

170,835 
136,375 
34,460 

9,076 
(1,008) 
3,748 
383 
50 
— 
— 
12,249 
22,211 

5,923 
(28) 
5,895 

12,999 

16,316 

$0.43  
$0.43  

$0.54 
$0.54 

33 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Financial Statements 

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income  
For the years ended December 31, 

(in thousands of dollars) 

Net income 
Translation of foreign operations 
Total items that will be reclassified subsequently to net income 
Comprehensive income 

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity  
For the years ended December 31,  

2015 
$ 

12,999 
14,210 
14,210 
27,209 

2014 
$ 

16,316 
4,814 
4,814 
21,130 

(in thousands) 

Balance, December 31, 2014 
Share-based payments 

[note 16] 

Shares issued on exercise of  
  stock options [notes 15 and 16] 
Shares repurchased through normal course 

issuer bid [notes 15] 

Reclassification of fair value of 
  stock options previously 
  expensed [note 16] 
Translation of foreign operations 
Dividends declared [note 14] 
Net income 
Balance, December 31, 2015 

Balance, December 31, 2013 
Share-based payments 

[note 16] 

Shares issued on exercise of  
  stock options [notes 15 and 16] 
Reclassification of fair value of 
  stock options previously 
  expensed [note 16] 
Translation of foreign operations 
Dividends declared [note 14] 
Net income 
Balance, December 31, 2014 
See accompanying notes 

Common 
Shares 
# 

Share 
Capital 
$ 

Accumulated  
Other 
Contributed  Comprehensive  Retained 
Earnings 
Income (Loss) 
$ 
$ 

Surplus 
$ 

Total   
$   

30,214 

76,592 

2,568 

1,006 

43,230 

123,396 

— 

407 

— 

584 

2,103 

(531) 

(3,247) 

— 
— 
— 
— 
30,267 

618 
— 
— 
— 
  76,066 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

407 

2,103 

(3,247) 

— 
14,210 
— 
— 
15,216 

— 
— 
(5,590) 
12,999 
  50,639 

—   
14,210 
(5,590) 
12,999 
144,278 

— 

— 

(618) 
— 
— 
— 
2,357 

29,848 

74,846 

2,301 

(3,808) 

31,419 

104,758 

— 

366 

— 

1,328 

— 
— 
— 
— 
30,214 

418 
— 
— 
— 
  76,592 

685 

— 

(418) 
— 
— 
— 
2,568 

— 

— 

— 
4,814 
— 
— 
1,006 

— 

— 

685 

1,328 

— 
— 
(4,505) 
16,316 
  43,230 

—   
4,814 
(4,505) 
16,316 
123,396 

34 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Financial Statements 

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 
For the years ended December 31, 

 (in thousands of dollars) 

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES 
Net income from operations 
Add (deduct) items not affecting cash: 
  Depreciation and amortization [notes 7 and 8] 
  Deferred tax recovery 
  Share-based compensation expense [note 16] 
  Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment [note 7] 
  Loss on impairment of property, plant and equipment [note 7] 
  Loss on impairment of goodwill [note 25] 
Funds from operations 

Changes in non-cash working capital: 
  Decrease (increase) in accounts receivable 
  Decrease (increase) in inventories 

Increase in prepaid expenses 
(Decrease) increase in accounts payable, accrued liabilities and provisions 
Increase (decrease) in deferred revenue 
Increase in income taxes payable 

Total changes in non-cash working capital 
Cash flows from operating activities 

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES 
Issue of common shares on the exercise of stock options [notes 15 and 16] 
Repurchase of shares through Normal Course Issuer Bid [notes 15 and 16] 
Dividends paid [note 14] 
Repayment of long term debt [note 11] 
Repayment of financing lease [note 12]  
Cash flows used in financing activities 

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES 
Purchase of property, plant and equipment [note 7] 
Disposal of property, plant and equipment [note 7] 
Purchase of intangible assets [note 8] 
Cash flows used in investing activities 

Foreign exchange gain on cash held in foreign currency 

Increase in cash and cash equivalents 
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of the year 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of the year 
See accompanying notes 

2015 
$ 

12,999 

3,955 
(694) 
407 
32 
222 
2,656 
19,577 

6,525 
171 
(577) 
(3,784) 
98 
277 
2,710 
22,287 

2,103 
(3,247) 
(5,285) 
(1,684) 
(357) 
(8,470) 

(3,902) 
13 
(25) 
(3,914) 

2,187 

12,090 
28,680 
40,770 

2014 
$ 

16,316 

3,748 
(28) 
685 
50 
— 
— 
20,771 

(605) 
(5,826) 
(190) 
2,972 
(454) 
645 
(3,458) 
17,313 

1,328 
— 
(4,193) 
(1,415) 
— 
(4,280) 

(4,346) 
597 
(26) 
(3,775) 

272 

9,530 
19,150 
28,680 

35 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 

1.  CORPORATE INFORMATION 

ZCL Composites Inc. (the “Company”) is a public company incorporated and domiciled in Canada and its common stock trades 
on  the  Toronto  Stock  Exchange.    The  address  of  the  Company’s  registered  office  is  1420  Parsons  Road  S.W.,  Edmonton, 
Alberta,  Canada,  T6X  1M5.  The  Company  is  principally  involved  in  the  manufacturing  and  distribution  of  liquid  storage 
systems,  including  fibreglass  underground  and  aboveground  storage  tanks,  dual-laminate  composite  tanks  and  related 
products, services and accessories. The Company also produces and sells in-situ fibreglass tank and tank lining systems and 
three dimensional glass fabric material.    

2.  BASIS OF PRESENTATION 

The consolidated financial statements are reported in Canadian dollars which is the functional currency of the Company, ZCL 
Composites Inc. 

Statement of Compliance 

The  consolidated  financial  statements  of  the  Company  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  International  Financial 
Reporting  Standards  (“IFRS”)  as  issued  by  the  International  Accounting  Standards  Board  (“IASB”)  and  were  authorized  for 
issue by the Board of Directors on March 2, 2016. 

Basis of Consolidation 

The  consolidated  financial  statements  of  the  Company  include  the  accounts  of  ZCL  Composites  Inc.  and  its  wholly-owned 
subsidiaries including Parabeam Industries BV (“Parabeam”), Radigan Insurance Inc., ZCL International SRL, ZCL-Dualam Inc. 
(“ZCL Dualam”), C.P.F. Dualam (U.S.A.) Inc. (“CPF”), Troy Mfg. (Texas), Inc. (“Troy Texas”) and Xerxes Corporation (“Xerxes”).  

Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date of acquisition, being the date on which the Company obtains control, and 
continue  to  be  consolidated  until  the  date  that  such  control  ceases.  On  acquisition,  the  assets,  liabilities  and  contingent 
liabilities of a subsidiary are measured at their fair values.  Any excess of the cost over the fair values of the identifiable net 
assets acquired is recognized as goodwill.  The financial statements of the subsidiaries are prepared for the same reporting 
period as the parent company using consistent accounting policies. All intra-group balances, income and expenses, unrealized 
gains and losses and dividends resulting from intra-group transactions are eliminated in full. 

3.  SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash balances and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or 
less.    Cash  equivalents  are  invested  in  money  market  funds  and  guaranteed  investment  certificates  and  are  readily 
convertible into a known amount of cash and are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value.  

Inventories 

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value.  Costs incurred in bringing each product to its present 
location and condition are accounted for as follows: 

• 
• 

Raw materials:  purchase cost determined on an average cost basis. 
Finished  goods  and  work  in  progress:    cost  of  direct  materials,  labour  and  a  proportionate  share  of  variable  and  fixed 
production overhead expenses allocated based on a normal operating capacity for direct labour hours. 

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and 
the estimated costs necessary to make the sale. 

36 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

Property, plant and equipment   

Property, plant  and  equipment  are  stated  at  historical  cost,  net  of  accumulated  depreciation  and  accumulated  impairment 
losses, if any.  Such costs include the cost of replacing property, plant and equipment as well as capitalized interest costs on 
qualifying assets.  When significant parts of property, plant and equipment are required to be replaced in intervals or major 
inspections  are  required,  the  Company  recognizes  such  costs  as  individual  components  of  an  asset  and  depreciates  them 
according to their specific useful lives. 

Land  is  not  depreciated  and  leasehold  improvements  are  depreciated  using  the  straight-line  method  over  the  term  of  the 
lease.    Depreciation  for  the  remainder  of  property,  plant  and  equipment  is  calculated  using  the  declining  balance  method 
using the following rates: 

Buildings                                      4% 
Land improvements                  10% 
Manufacturing equipment      10%  
Office equipment                       20-30% 
Automotive equipment          

30% 

An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant component initially recognized is derecognized upon disposal or 
when  no  future  economic  benefits  are  expected  from  its  use  or  disposal.    Any  gain  or  loss  arising  from  de-recognition  is 
included  in  the  consolidated  statements  of  income  when  the  asset  is  derecognized.    The  useful  lives,  residual  values  and 
methods  of  depreciation  of  property,  plant  and  equipment  are  reviewed  at  each  year  end  and  adjusted  prospectively,  if 
appropriate. 

Impairment of non-financial assets 

Assets that have an indefinite useful life, for example, goodwill, are not subject to amortization and are tested annually for 
impairment  or  more  frequently  if  events  or  changes  in  circumstances  indicate  that  the  carrying  amount  may  not  be 
recoverable.  Assets  that  are  subject  to  depreciation  are  reviewed  for  impairment  whenever  events  or  changes  in 
circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized for the amount by 
which the asset’s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair 
value  less  costs  of  disposal  and  value  in  use.   The  Company  estimates  the  recoverable  amount  by  using  the  fair  value  less 
costs  of  disposal  approach.  It  estimates  fair  value  using  an  income  approach  based  on  discounted  after-tax  cash  flow 
projections and is validated by using a market approach, deriving market multiples from comparable public companies and 
comparable  company  transactions.  Costs  for  disposing  of  the  asset  are  deducted  to  derive  fair  value  less  costs  of 
disposal.  The recoverable amount is most sensitive to the discount rate used for the discounted cash flow model as well as 
the expected future cash flows and the growth rate used for extrapolation purposes. The key assumptions used to determine 
the recoverable amount for the different CGUs, including a sensitivity analysis, are disclosed and further explained in Note 25. 

For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped into cash-generating units (“CGUs”) or groups of CGUs. Non-
financial assets other than goodwill that suffered an impairment are reviewed for possible reversal of the impairment at each 
reporting date.  CGUs are the smallest identifiable group of assets that generate cash flows that are independent of the cash 
flows  of  other  groups  of  assets.    The  determination  of  CGUs  was  based  on  management’s  judgments  in  regard  to  the 
geographic location of operating divisions, product groups and shared infrastructure. 

Intangible assets 

Internally developed intangible assets – deferred development costs: 
Development costs that are directly attributable to the design and testing of identifiable and unique products controlled by 
the Company are recognized as intangible assets when the following criteria are demonstrated: 

The technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so it will be available for use or sale; 
The intention to complete the intangible asset and use or sell it; 
The ability to use or sell the intangible asset; 

• 
• 
• 
•  How the intangible asset will generate probable future economic benefits; 

37 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

• 

• 

The availability of adequate technical, financial and other resources to complete the development and to use or sell the 
intangible asset; and 
The ability to measure reliably the expenditure attributable to the intangible asset during its development. 

Expenditures on research activities are recognized as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.   

The amount initially recognized for internally developed intangible assets is the sum of the expenditures incurred from the 
date  when  the  intangible  asset  first  meets  the  recognition  criteria  listed  above.    Where  no  internally  developed  intangible 
asset can be recognized, development expenditures are recognized as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.  
Subsequent to initial recognition, internally developed intangible assets are reported at cost less accumulated amortization 
and impairment losses, if any.  Internally developed software is amortized over the expected life of ten years. 

Acquired intangible assets: 
Acquired  intangible  assets  include  non-contractual  customer  relationships,  brands,  licenses,  patents,  customer  backlog,  air 
permits and non-patented technology. The costs of intangible assets acquired in a business combination are their fair values 
at  the  dates  of  acquisition.  Following  initial  recognition,  intangible  assets  are  carried  at  cost  less  any  accumulated 
amortization and accumulated impairment losses, if any.  The estimated useful lives are as follows: 

Non-contractual customer relationships  
Brands 
Licenses 
Patents 
Air permits 
Non-patented technology 
Software 

Estimated life of the relationship (three to ten years) 
Expected life of the brand (ten years) 
Term of the license agreement (three to nine years) 
Life of the patent (six years) 
Life of the permit (five years) 
Expected life of related products (five years) 
Expected life of the software system (ten years) 

Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is 
an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortization period and method for an intangible asset with a 
finite useful life is reviewed at the end of each reporting period. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern 
of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset is accounted for by changing the amortization period or 
method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates. 

Business combinations and goodwill 

Business  combinations  are  accounted  for  using  the  acquisition  method.    The  cost  of  an  acquisition  is  measured  at  the 
aggregate  of  the  consideration  transferred,  measured  at  the  acquisition  date,  in  addition  to  the  fair  value  of  any  non-
controlling interest in the acquired.  All acquisition costs are expensed as incurred.  Any contingent consideration expected to 
be  paid  will  be  recognized  at  fair  value  at  the  acquisition  date.    Subsequent  changes  to  the  fair  value  of  the  contingent 
consideration  will  be  recognized  in  accordance  with  IAS  39  “Financial  Instruments:  Recognition  and Measurement.”    When 
the  Company  acquires  a  business,  it  assesses  the  financial  assets  and  liabilities  assumed  for  appropriate  classification  and 
designation  in  accordance  with  contractual  terms,  economic  circumstances  and  pertinent  conditions  as  at  the  acquisition 
date. 

Goodwill is initially measured at cost, being the excess of the consideration transferred over the Company’s net identifiable 
assets acquired and liabilities assumed.  If this consideration is lower than the fair value of the net assets of the subsidiary 
acquired, the difference is recognized as a gain for the period.   

After initial recognition, goodwill  is measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses.  Goodwill  is assigned  to the 
Company’s CGUs or groups of CGUs that are expected to benefit from  the combination, irrespective of  whether the assets 
and liabilities of the acquired are assigned to that (those) CGU(s) or groups of CGUs.  If a business unit is disposed of, goodwill 
disposed of is measured based on the relative values of the operation disposed of and the portion of the CGU retained. 

38 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

Provisions 

General: 
Provisions are recognized when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is 
probable that an outflow of resources will occur and a reliable estimate of the obligation can be made.  Where the Company 
expects  to  be  reimbursed  for  any  part  of  a  provision,  the  reimbursement  is  recognized  as  a  separate  asset  only  when  the 
reimbursement  is  virtually  certain,  otherwise  the  circumstances  of  the  reimbursement  are  disclosed  as  a  contingency.  
Expenses  relating  to  a  provision  are  presented  in  the  consolidated  statements  of  income  net  of  any  recognized 
reimbursement. 

Self-insured liabilities: 
The  Company  self-insures  certain  risks  related  to  pollution  protection  provided  on  certain  product  sales,  general  liability 
claims and US workers’ compensation through Radigan Insurance Inc., its captive insurance company.  The provision for self-
insured  liabilities  includes  estimates  of  the  costs  of  reported  and  expected  claims  based  on  estimates  of  losses  using 
assumptions determined by an actuary.   

Warranty: 
The Company generally warrants its products for a period of one year after sale for materials and workmanship, and for up to 
30  years  for  corrosion  on  Petroleum  tanks,  if  the  products  are  properly  installed  and  used  solely  for  storage  of  specified 
liquids.  A number of component materials and parts are similarly warranted by their manufacturers, thereby offsetting the 
Company’s exposure to warranty claims. 

The  Company’s  complete  storage  systems  marketed  under  the  Prezerver  trademark  carry  an  enhanced  10  year,  insurance-
backed  warranty  covering  product  replacement  and  pollution  protection  up  to  the  limits  of  the  policy.    The  Prezerver 
warranty is covered by insurance underwritten by a major international insurer for Prezerver storage systems installed before 
December  1,  2006.  The  Prezerver  warranty  for  qualifying  storage  systems  installed  thereafter  is  insured  through  the 
Company’s captive insurance company, Radigan Insurance Inc. The Company also carries general liability insurance including 
product pollution coverage. Effective January 31, 2015, the Company ceased offering the Canadian Preserver program due to 
changing market conditions. 

The Company’s warranty provision is based on a review of products sold and historical warranty cost experienced. Provisions 
for  warranty  costs  are  charged  to  the  consolidated  statements  of  income  and  revisions  to  the  estimated  provision  are 
charged to the consolidated statements of income in the period in which they occur. 

Foreign currency translation 

The Company’s consolidated financial statements are presented in Canadian dollars and this is also the Company’s functional 
currency.  The functional currency of each of the Company’s subsidiaries is determined and the financial statements of each 
entity  are  measured  using  that  functional  currency.    The  determination  of  functional  currency  is  based  on  management’s 
judgments with regard to the main settlement currency for the entity’s sales, labour costs and major materials.  In addition, 
management  also  considers  factors  such  as  the  currency  of  the  entity’s  financing  activities,  the  autonomy  of  foreign 
operations and the proportion of the foreign operation’s transactions that are with the subsidiary companies. 

Subsidiaries: 
The  assets  and  liabilities  of  foreign  subsidiaries  whose  functional  currencies  are  not  denominated  in  Canadian  dollars  are 
translated into Canadian dollars at the rate of exchange prevailing at the reporting date and their statements of income are 
translated at the exchange rates prevailing at the date of the transactions.  Exchange differences arising on the translation of 
foreign  subsidiaries  are  recognized  in  other  comprehensive  income.    Any  goodwill  arising  on  the  acquisition  of  a  foreign 
subsidiary and any fair value adjustments to  the carrying value of assets and liabilities arising on acquisition are treated as 
assets and liabilities of the foreign subsidiary and are translated into Canadian dollars at the rate of exchange prevailing on 
the reporting date.  Parabeam’s functional currency is the euro and the functional currency of all other subsidiaries is the US 
dollar with the exception of ZCL Dualam. 

Foreign transactions and balances: 
When  the  Company  or  one  of  its  subsidiaries  transacts  in  a  currency  other  than  its  functional  currency,  the  transaction  is 
measured initially at the closing rate at the date of the transaction.  Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign 
currencies are translated at the functional currency closing rate at a reporting period with the differences being recorded in 

39 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

the consolidated statements of income.  Non-monetary assets and liabilities are measured in terms of historical costs and are 
translated using the exchange rates in existence at the date of the initial transaction.   

Revenue recognition 

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue 
can be reliably measured.  Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received.   

Sale of tanks and related products: 
Revenue from the sale of tanks and related products is recognized when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the 
goods have passed to the buyer.  Risks and rewards are generally transferred upon delivery of the goods, however there are 
circumstances  where  the  buyer  accepts  the  risks  and  rewards  of  ownership  prior  to  accepting  delivery  of  the  goods  which 
also triggers revenue recognition. 

Installation and field service contracts: 
Revenue from installation and field service contracts is accounted for using the percentage of completion method.  The stage 
of completion of a transaction qualifying for percentage of completion revenue recognition is determined by the proportion 
of costs incurred to date relative to the estimated total costs to complete the contract.  Anticipated losses on transactions are 
recognized as soon as they can be reliably estimated. 

Up-front non-refundable license fees and royalty revenue: 
Revenue  from  up-front  non-refundable  license  fees  is  recognized  on  a  straight-line  basis  over  the  term  of  the  Company’s 
obligation with respect to the related deliverables unless there is evidence that another method is more representative of the 
stage of completion.  Royalty revenue from the third party use of the Company’s technology is recognized in accordance with 
the royalty agreement and when the revenue can be reliably measured. 

Financial instruments 

Financial assets: 
The  Company  classifies  financial  assets  as  either  fair  value  through  profit  or  loss,  held  to  maturity  investments,  loans  and 
receivables,  available  for  sale  financial  assets  or  as  derivatives  designated  as  hedging  instruments  in  effective  hedge 
arrangements  as  appropriate.    The  classification  of  a  financial  asset  is  determined  at  the  time  of  initial  recognition  of  the 
asset.    All  financial  assets  are  recognized  initially  at  fair  value  plus  transaction  costs,  except  in  the  case  of  financial  assets 
recorded at fair value through profit and loss. 

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss: 
The  Company’s  financial  assets  held  at  fair  value  through  profit  or  loss  consist  of  cash  and  cash  equivalents  and  restricted 
cash.  

Loans and receivables: 
The Company’s loans and receivables consist of accounts receivable.  These assets are measured initially at fair value on the 
consolidated balance sheets and subsequently they are carried at amortized cost using the effective interest method less any 
related impairment losses.   

Held to maturity investments: 
As at December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company did not have any held to maturity investments on the consolidated balance 
sheets.   

Available for sale financial instruments: 
As at December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company did not have any available for sale financial instruments on the consolidated 
balance sheets.   

Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: 
As  at  December  31,  2015  and  2014,  the  Company  did  not  have  any  derivatives  designated  as  hedging  instruments  on  the 
consolidated balance sheets.   

40 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

Financial liabilities: 
The  Company  classifies  financial  liabilities  at  fair  value  through  profit  or  loss,  loans  and  borrowings  or  as  derivatives 
designated as hedging instruments in effective hedge arrangements.  The classification of a financial liability is determined at 
the time of initial recognition. 

Loans and borrowings: 
The Company’s loans and borrowings consist of accounts payable and long term debt.  These liabilities are measured initially 
at fair value plus transaction costs on the consolidated balance sheets and subsequently they are carried at amortized cost 
using  the  effective  interest  method  less  any  related  impairment  losses.    Transaction  costs  are  incremental  costs  directly 
related  to  the  acquisition  of  a  financial  asset  or  the  issuance  of  a  financial  liability.  The  Company  incurs  transaction  costs 
primarily through the issuance of debt and classifies these costs with the long term debt. These costs are amortized using the 
effective interest method over the life of the related debt instrument. 

Offsetting of financial instruments: 
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the consolidated balance sheets if there is 
a  currently  enforceable  legal  right  to  offset  the  recognized  amounts  and  there  is  an  intention  to  settle  on  a  net  basis,  to 
realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously. 

Share-based payments 

Equity-settled transactions: 
Equity-settled share-based payments consist of stock options approved by the Board of Directors of the Company to directors 
and employees of the Company.  The cost of the stock options granted are measured at their fair value at the date on which 
they were granted.  Management has determined that the Black-Scholes option pricing model is the most appropriate option 
pricing  model  to  use  given  the  nature  of  the  Company’s  stock  options.   For  more  information  on  the  estimates  and  inputs 
made by the Company, refer to note 16. 

The cost of equity-settled transactions is recognized in the consolidated statements of income over the period in which the 
service  condition  is  fulfilled  with  the  corresponding  adjustment  added  to  the  contributed  surplus  account.    No  expense  is 
recognized for awards that do not vest.  Where equity-settled transactions are cancelled by the Company, they are treated as 
if  they  had  vested  and  any  unrecognized  expense  relating  to  the  cancelled  options  is  recognized  in  the  consolidated 
statements of income in that period. 

Income taxes 

Current income taxes: 
Current  income  tax  assets  and  liabilities  for  the  current  and  prior  periods  are  measured  at  the  amount  expected  to  be 
recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities.   

Deferred taxes: 
Deferred tax is accounted for using the liability method on temporary differences at the reporting date between the tax basis 
of assets and liabilities and the carrying value for accounting purposes.  Deferred tax liabilities are recorded for all temporary 
differences other than: 

•  Where the temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of goodwill; or 
•  Where  the  temporary  difference  is  associated  with  investments  in  subsidiaries  and  it  is  probable  that  the  temporary 

difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. 

Deferred tax assets are recognized for all deductible temporary differences, carry forward of unused tax credits and unused 
losses to the extent that it is probable that the taxable income will be available against the deductible temporary difference 
and can be utilized. 

All deferred tax liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the period in which the asset is realized 
or the liability is settled, based on tax rates which have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting 
period. 

41 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

Uncertainties exist  with respect to the interpretation of complex tax regulations, changes in tax laws, and the amount and 
timing of future taxable income. Given the wide range of international business relationships and the complexity of existing 
contractual agreements, differences arising between the actual results and the assumptions made, or future changes to such 
assumptions, could necessitate future adjustments to income tax expense already recorded. 

Leases 

The determination of whether an arrangement is, or contains a lease, is based on the substance of the arrangement at the 
inception date. The arrangement is assessed for whether fulfilment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific 
asset or assets, or the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset or assets, even if that right is not explicitly specified in an 
arrangement. 

As a lessor: 
Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of an asset are classified 
as  operating  leases.  Initial  direct  costs  incurred  in  negotiating  an  operating  lease  are  added  to  the  carrying  amount  of  the 
leased asset and recognized over the lease term on the same basis as rental income.  

4.  NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS 

During the year, the Company applied certain standards and amendments that did not significantly impact the consolidated 
financial  statements  of  the  Company.    These  include  amendments  to  IFRS  2  Share-based  Payments;  IFRS  3  Business 
Combinations; IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement; IAS 16 Property, Plant, and Equipment; IAS 24 Related Party Disclosures; and 
IAS 38 Intangible Assets.  The Company also applied amendments to IFRS 8 Operating Segments which include disclosing the 
judgments  made  by  management  in  applying  aggregation  criteria  for  similar  operating  segments.    Specific  disclosures  on 
management’s judgment can be found in note 24 of these Consolidated Financial Statements. 

Standards issued but not yet effective: 

The listing below includes standards, amendments, and interpretations that the Company reasonably expects to be applicable 
at a future date and intends to adopt when they become effective. The Company is in the process of analysing the impact of 
these standards on the statement of financial position and results of operations of the Company: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

In May 2014, the IASB issued IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers (IFRS 15). The new revenue standard will 
supersede  all  current  revenue  recognition  requirements  under  IFRS.    IFRS  15  applies  to  all  revenue  contracts  with 
customers and provides a model for the recognition and measurement of the sale of some non-financial assets such as 
property,  plant,  and  equipment  and  intangible  assets.  This  new  standard  sets  out  a  five-step  model  for  revenue 
recognition and applies to all industries. The core principle is that revenue should be recognized to depict the transfer of 
promised  goods  or  services  to  customers  in  an  amount  that  reflects  the  consideration  that  the  entity  expects  to  be 
entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. IFRS 15 requires numerous disclosures, such as the disaggregation of 
total revenue, disclosures about performance obligations, changes in contract asset and liability account balances, and 
key judgments and estimates. This new standard, effective January 1, 2018, may be adopted using a full retrospective or 
modified retrospective approach. 
In July 2014, the IASB issued IFRS 9 Financial Instruments (IFRS 9) to replace IAS 39  Financial Instruments: Recognition 
and  Measurement.  IFRS  9  provides  a  revised  model  for  the  recognition  and  measurement  of  financial  assets,  financial 
liabilities, and some contracts to buy or sell non-financial items. In addition, it includes a single expected-loss impairment 
model and a reformed approach to hedge accounting. This standard is effective January 1, 2018, on a retrospective basis 
subject to certain exceptions. 
In  September  2014,  the  IASB  issued  Annual  Improvements  (2012-2015  Cycle)  to  make  necessary  but  non-urgent 
amendments  to  IFRS  5  Non-current  Assets  Held  for  Sale  and  Discontinued  Operations;  IFRS  7  Financial  Instrument: 
Disclosures  (IFRS  7);  and  IAS  34  Interim  Financial  Reporting.  These  amendments  are  effective  January  1,  2016,  on  a 
retrospective basis with the exception of IAS 34 which is effective on a prospective basis.  
In  December  2014,  the  IASB  issued  Disclosure  Initiative  (Amendments  to  IAS  1).  It  provides  amended  guidance  on 
materiality and on the order of the notes to the financial statements. These amendments can be applied immediately, 
and become mandatory for periods beginning on or after January 1, 2016. 

42 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

5. 

INVENTORIES 

As at 

(in thousands of dollars) 

Raw materials 
Work in progress 
Finished goods 

December 31, 
2015 
$ 

December 31, 
2014 
$ 

14,420 
4,051 
16,653 
35,124 

11,729 
6,097 
13,202 
31,028 

During the year ended December 31, 2015 there was a write-down of $18,000 (December 31, 2014 - $68,000) of inventory to 
its net realizable value. 

6.  MANUFACTURING AND SELLING COSTS 

For the years ended December 31,  

(in thousands of dollars) 

Raw materials and consumables used 
Labour costs 
Other costs 
Net change in inventories of finished goods and 

work in progress 

2015 
$ 

61,997 
36,867 
55,025 

2014 
$ 

57,961 
31,250 
52,372 

(1,405) 
152,484 

(5,478) 
136,375 

43 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

7.  PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 

(in thousands of dollars) 

Cost 
As at December 31, 2013 

Additions 
Disposals 
Foreign exchange 
As at December 31, 2014 

Additions 
Disposals 
Reclassified as held for sale 
Foreign exchange 
As at December 31, 2015 

Accumulated Depreciation 
As at December 31, 2013 

Depreciation 
Disposals 
Foreign exchange 
As at December 31, 2014 

Depreciation 
Disposals 
Impairment 
Reclassified as held for sale 
Foreign exchange 
As at December 31, 2015 

Carrying Amount 
As at December 31, 2014 
As at December 31, 2015 

Land 
$ 

Buildings 
$ 

  Manufacturing  Office 
Equip. 
$ 

Equip. 
$ 

Leaseholds 
$ 

Auto 
Equip. 
$ 

Total 
$ 

6,479 

7,832 

4,146 

24,122 

3,371 

460 

46,428 

— 
(221) 
2 
6,260 

3 
— 
(442) 
— 
5,821 

474 
(702) 
109 
7,713 

229 
— 
(958) 
222 
7,206 

459 
— 
192 
4,815 

411 
(15) 
— 
461 
5,672 

2,938 
(456) 
808 
27,412 

3,486 
(1,118) 
— 
2,137 
31,917 

336 
(137) 
80 
3,650 

415 
(166) 
— 
139 
4,038 

139 
(97) 
33 
535 

115 
— 
— 
110 
760 

4,346 
(1,613) 
1,224 
50,385 

4,659 
(1,299) 
(1,400) 
3,069 
55,414 

2,255 

2,214 

11,749 

2,784 

172 

19,174 

— 

— 
— 
— 
— 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

209 
(76) 
25 
2,413 

215 
— 
— 
(164) 
60 
2,524 

401 
— 
77 
2,692 

468 
(14) 
— 
— 
309 
3,455 

1,358 
(374) 
127 
12,860 

1,663 
(999) 
222 
— 
752 
14,498 

375 
(137) 
13 
3,035 

359 
(121) 
— 
— 
82 
3,355 

6,260 
5,821 

5,300 
4,682 

2,123 
2,217 

14,552 
17,419 

615 
683 

79 
(28) 
19 
242 

81 
— 
— 
— 
54 
377 

293 
383 

2,422 
(615) 
261 
21,242 

2,786 
(1,134) 
222 
(164) 
1,257 
24,209 

29,143 
31,205 

Capital  work  in  progress  of  $181,000  (December  31,  2014  -  $655,000)  is  included  above  and  not  subject  to  depreciation.  
Included  in  this  figure  is  $87,000  for  manufacturing  equipment,  $73,000  for  office  equipment  and  $21,000  in  leasehold 
improvements. 

During  the  year  ended  December  31,  2015,  the  Company  decided  to  permanently  discontinue  operations  in  the  Montreal 
facility, which is included in the Aboveground operating segment, and sell the land and building.  As at December 31, 2015, 
the land had a carrying value of $442,000 and the building had a carrying value of $794,000 for a total of $1,236,000, which is 
being presented as assets held for sale on the consolidated balance sheet.  The carrying value is estimated to be less than the 
fair market value less costs to sell. 

44 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

8. 

INTANGIBLE ASSETS 

(in thousands of dollars) 

Cost 
As at December 31, 2013 

Additions 
Foreign exchange 
As at December 31, 2014 

Additions 
Foreign exchange 
As at December 31, 2015 

Accumulated Amortization 
As at December 31, 2013 

Amortization 
Foreign exchange 
As at December 31, 2014 

Amortization 
Foreign exchange 
As at December 31, 2015 

Carrying Amount 
As at December 31, 2014 
As at December 31, 2015 

Customer 
Relationships 
$ 

Brands 
$ 

Internally 
Developed 
ERP 
Software 
$ 

Other 
$ 

Total 
$ 

6,846 

3,739 

3,441 

4,737 

18,763 

— 
555 
7,401 

— 
1,335 
8,736 

— 
273 
4,012 

— 
656 
4,668 

— 
156 
3,597 

— 
375 
3,972 

26 
91 
4,854 

25 
219 
5,098 

26 
1,075 
19,864 

25 
2,585 
22,474 

6,442 

2,649 

1,263 

3,475 

13,829 

190 
534 
7,166 

111 
1,307 
8,584 

421 
203 
3,273 

374 
546 
4,193 

350 
73 
1,686 

379 
206 
2,271 

365 
80 
3,920 

305 
207 
4,432 

1,326 
890 
16,045 

1,169 
2,266 
19,480 

235 
152 

739 
475 

1,911 
1,701 

934 
666 

3,819 
2,994 

Other intangible assets include licenses, patents, air permits, non-patented technology and certification costs.  

9.  BANK INDEBTEDNESS – OPERATING CREDIT FACILITY 

The Company’s operating credit facility  was not in use at December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014.  Bank indebtedness 
consists of amounts drawn under available credit facilities and cheques issued in excess of related cash and cash equivalent 
balances.  The Company has a maximum of $20 million of available credit under this operating credit facility.  The operating 
credit facility is repayable on demand and expires on May 31, 2017 however it is typically renewed on an annual basis with 
the Company’s primary lender.  The rate of interest charged  on the operating credit facility for Canadian dollar balances is 
prime plus 25 basis points.  The rate of interest charged on the operating credit facility for US dollar balances is US prime plus 
25 basis points.   

The Company has pledged as general collateral for advances under the operating credit facility a general security agreement 
on  present  and  future  assets,  guarantees  from  each  present  and  future  direct  and  indirect  subsidiary  of  the  Company 
supported  by  a  first  registered  security  over  all  present  and  future  assets,  and  pledge  of  shares.  The  Company  is  not 
permitted  to  sell  or  re-pledge  significant  assets  held  under  collateral  without  consent  from  the  lenders.    The  Company  is 
required  to  meet  certain  covenants  as  a  condition  of  the  debt  agreements.  At  December  31,  2015,  the  Company  was  in 
compliance with all restrictive covenants relating to the operating credit facility. 

45 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

10.  PROVISIONS AND CONTINGENCIES 

a)  Provisions  

(in thousands of dollars) 

As at December 31, 2013 

Amounts used against the provision 
Additional (reversal of) provision 
Foreign exchange 
As at December 31, 2014 

Amounts used against the provision 
Additional (reversal of) provision 
Foreign exchange 
As at December 31, 2015 

Warranty 
$ 

Self-insured 
liabilities 
$ 

939 

(635) 
460 
42 
806 

(752) 
727 
95 
876 

936 

— 
220 
97 
1,253 

— 
(387) 
220 
1,086 

Other 
$ 

452 

(121) 
(106) 
22 
247 

(589) 
474 
16 
148 

Total 
$ 

2,327 

(756) 
574 
161 
2,306 

(1,341) 
814 
331 
2,110 

Of the $2,110,000 (2014 - $2,306,000) in provisions described above, the Company expects $1,024,000 (2014- $1,053,000) to 
settle within 12 months of the balance sheet date. The remaining $1,086,000 (2014 - $1,253,000) of provisions are classified 
as long term liabilities on the balance sheet. 

The Company self-insures certain risks related to product liability, general liability coverage and US workers’ compensation 
exposures through Radigan Insurance Inc., its captive insurance company.  Management has accrued provisions related to its 
self-insured  liabilities  based  on  reports  from  an  actuary  as  well  as  previous  experience  in  dealing  with  similar  provisions.  
Although actual settlement amounts may differ from the provisions included in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet, 
management does not expect these amounts to materially exceed the provisions accrued for self-insured liabilities. 

Included in cash and cash equivalents is $3,719,000 US dollars (2014 - $3,438,000 US dollars) held by Radigan Insurance Inc. 

b)  Contingencies 

In the normal conduct of operations, various legal claims or actions are pending against the Company in connection with its 
products  and other  commercial  matters.    The  Company  carries  liability  insurance,  subject  to  certain  deductibles  and  policy 
limits,  against  such  claims.    Based  on  advice  and  information  provided  by  legal  counsel  and  the  Company’s  previous 
experience  with  similar  claims,  management  records  provisions,  if  any,  in  the  period  in  which  uncertainty  regarding  such 
matters is resolved and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. 

Due to the uncertainties in the nature of the Company's legal claims, such as the range of possible outcomes and the progress 
of the litigation, the provisions accrued involve estimates and the ultimate cost to resolve these claims may exceed or be less 
than those recorded in the consolidated financial statements. Management believes that the ultimate cost to resolve these 
claims  will  not  materially  exceed  the  insurance  coverage  or  provisions  accrued  and,  therefore,  would  not  have  a  material 
adverse  effect  on  the  Company’s  consolidated  statements.  Management  reviews  the  timing  of  the  outflows  of  these 
provisions on a regular basis. Cash outflows for existing provisions are expected to occur within the next one to five years, 
although this is uncertain and depends on the development of the specific circumstances. These outflows are not expected to 
have a material impact on the Company’s cash flows. 

46 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

11.  LONG TERM DEBT 

As at 

(in thousands of dollars) 

Term loan 
Total long term debt 
Less current portion 

December 31, 
2015 
$ 

December 31, 
2014 
$ 

1,317 
— 
1,317 
— 

2,601 
2,601 
1,498 
1,103 

Excluding financing costs, the principal balance of the term loan as at December 31, 2015 is $965,000 US dollars (December 
31, 2014 – $2,253,000 US dollars) which is a reasonable estimate of its fair value. 

The  term  loan  requires  monthly  interest  payments  and  quarterly  principal  repayments  of  $322,000  US  dollars,  with  the 
balance scheduled to be paid in full on September 30, 2016.  The interest charged on the loan is a 30 day US LIBOR rate plus 
175  basis  points,  effective  rate  of  2.18%  as  at  December  31,  2015  (December  31,  2014  –  30  day  US  LIBOR  plus  225  basis 
points, effective rate of 2.42%).  The Company is also subject to mandatory prepayments of outstanding principal equal to 
100%  of  any  net  proceeds  on  asset  disposals  and  insurance  proceeds  received  by  the  Company,  unless  waived  by  the 
Company’s bank. 

The term loan is secured through a collateral mortgage over three properties owned by the Company.  The carrying amount 
of these three properties as at December 31, 2015 is $8,967,000 (December 31, 2014 $8,983,333). 

The  Company’s  operating  and term  credit  facilities  are  utilized  as  required  throughout  the  year.    Both  credit  facilities  bear 
interest at floating rates and changes in interest rates would affect the Company’s exposure to interest rate risk in servicing 
the facilities. For additional information regarding the Company’s exposure to market fluctuations in interest rates, refer to 
note 21.  

12.  FINANCE LEASE 

During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company entered into a finance lease to acquire a crane with a market value 
of $715,000.  The lease is non-interest bearing for a period of 20 months and expires in November, 2016 at which point title 
will pass to the Company.  The carrying value of the crane as at December 31, 2015 is $655,000 which is included in property, 
plant and equipment on the Company’s balance sheet. 

13.  COMMITMENTS 

Lease Commitment 

The Company’s minimum annual payments under the terms of all operating leases are as follows: 

(in thousands of dollars) 

2016 
2017 
2018 
2019 
2020 
Thereafter 

$ 

2,930 
2,136 
1,606 
1,187 
1,001 
4,558 
13,418 

47 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

Other Contractual Obligations 

The Company has provided a letter of credit in the amount of $0.3 million (2014 - $0.3 million) to secure a line of credit for 
the same amount for the US operations.  The Company has also provided two letters of credit for a total of $1.3 million (2014 
- $1.0 million) to secure claims for the Company’s US workers’ compensation program. In the normal course of business, the 
Company provides letters of credit as collateral for contract performance guarantees.  As at December 31, 2015, the issued 
performance letters of credit totalled $1.1 million (2014 - $0.5 million). 

14.  DIVIDENDS 

Dividends declared for years ended December 31, 
(in thousands of dollars, except per share amounts) 

  Declared 
March 5, 2015 
May 7, 2015 
July 30, 2015 
November 2, 2015 

2015 

Total 
Paid to 
Per 
$ 
 share 
shareholders 
1,365 
$0.045  April 15, 2015 
1,367 
July 15, 2015 
$0.045 
$0.045  October 15, 2015  1,345 
1,513 
$0.050 
January 15, 2016 
5,590 
$0.185 

For the years ended December 31,  

Payable, beginning of period 
Declared 
Paid in cash 
Payable, end of period 

2014 

Declared 
March 7, 2015 
May 5, 2014 
August 5, 2014 
November 3, 2014  0.040 
0.150 

Paid to  
shareholders 

Total 
Per 
$ 
share 
1,048 
0.035  April 15, 2015 
1,049 
July 15, 2015 
0.035 
0.040  October 15, 2014  1,200 
1,208 
January 15, 2015 
4,505 

2015 
$ 
1,208 
5,590 
(5,285) 
1,513 

2014 
$ 
896 
4,505 
(4,193) 
1,208 

On March 2, 2016, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a dividend of $0.08 per common share to be paid on April 15, 
2016 to the shareholders of record as of March 31, 2016.  The Company’s Board of Directors also declared a special dividend 
of $0.50 per common share to be paid on March 31, 2016 to shareholders of record as of March 15, 2016. 

15.  SHARE CAPITAL  

Authorized 

Unlimited number of common shares with no par or stated value. 

Issued and outstanding 

During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company issued 584,108 (2014 – 365,543) common shares at an average rate 
of $3.60 per share for stock options exercised resulting in cash proceeds to the Company of $2,103,000 (2014 - $1,328,000).  
As at December 31, 2015, the Company had 30,267,070 common shares outstanding (December 31, 2014 – 30,213,462). 

In March 2015, the Company entered into a Normal Course Issuer Bid (“NCIB”) with the intent to re-purchase and cancel up 
to 750,000 shares from the open market.  During the twelve months ended December 31, 2015, the Company purchased and 
cancelled a total of 530,500 shares at an average price of $6.10 per share. 

48 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

16.  SHARE-BASED PAYMENTS 

a)  Stock options 

The Black-Scholes option pricing model, used by the Company to calculate  the values of options, as well as other currently 
accepted  option  valuation  models,  was  developed  to  estimate  the  fair  value  of  freely-tradeable,  fully-transferable  options. 
These models require subjective assumptions, including future share price volatility and expected time until exercise, which 
affect the calculated values. 

Under the Company’s stock option plan, options to purchase common shares may be granted by the Board of Directors to 
directors,  employees,  and  persons  who  provide  management  or  consulting  services  to  the  Company.    The  shareholders 
authorized  the  number  of  options  that  may  be  granted  under  the  plan  to  not  exceed  10%  of  the  issued  and  outstanding 
shares of the Company on a non-diluted basis provided that the number of listed securities that may be reserved for issuance 
under stock options granted to any one individual or insiders of the Company not exceed 5% of the Company’s issued and 
outstanding securities.  The exercise price of options granted cannot be less than the closing market price of the Company’s 
common shares on the last trading day preceding the grant.  The Company’s Board of Directors may determine the term of 
the options but such term cannot be greater than five years from the date of issuance.  Vesting terms, eligibility of qualifying 
individuals to receive options and the number of options issued to individual participants are determined by the Company’s 
Board of Directors.  The plan has no cash settlement features.  Options generally expire 90  days from the date on which a 
participant ceases to be a director, officer, employee, management company employee or consultant of the Company. 

As  at  December  31,  2015,  the  Company  has  1,156,436  (2014  –  1,516,716)  options  outstanding,  which  expire  on  dates 
between  March  2016  and  March  2020.    The  outstanding  options  vest  evenly  over  a  three-year  period  commencing  on  the 
anniversary of the original grant date.  As at December 31, 2015, 723,415 (2014 – 1,051,999) of the outstanding options were 
vested and exercisable into common shares.  The following table presents the changes to the options outstanding during each 
of the fiscal years: 

For the years ended December 31,  

Balance, as at January 1 
Granted 
Exercised 
Forfeited 
Expired 
Balance, as at December 31 

2015 

2014 

Stock 
options 
# 

1,516,716 
343,000 
(584,108) 
(119,172) 
— 
1,156,436 

Weighted 
average 
exercise price 
$ 

4.79 
6.74 
3.60 
6.15 
— 
5.83 

2015 

Stock  
options  
# 

1,929,261 
— 
(365,543) 
(47,002) 
— 
1,516,716 

Weighted 
average 
exercise price 
$ 

4.56 

      — 

3.63 
4.42 
— 
4.79 

Exercise 
Price 
$ 
3.05 
3.23 
3.15 
4.72 
7.09 
6.74 

  3.05 – 7.09 

Stock 
options 
# 
47,500 
1,667 
113,219 
299,951 
391,099 
303,000 
1,516,436 

Options Outstanding 

Options Exercisable 

Weighted  Weighted Average 
Average 
Exercise 
Price 
$ 
3.05   
3.23   
3.15   
4.72   
7.09   
6.74   
5.83   

Remaining   
Contractual   
Life in Years 
# 
0.19 
0.40 
0.93 
1.93 
2.93 
4.25 
2.71 

Weighted 
Average 
Exercise 
Price 
$ 
3.05 
3.23 
3.15 
4.72 
7.09 
6.74 
5.22 

Stock 
options 
# 
47,500 
1,667 
113,219 
299,951 
261,078 
— 
723,415 

49 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

Exercise 
Price 
$ 

3.87 
4.09 
3.05 
3.23 
3.15 
4.72 
7.09 

  3.05 – 7.09 

Stock 
options 
# 

20,900 
16,400 
217,603 
2,501 
340,739 
482,573 
436,000 
1,516,716 

2014 

Options Outstanding 
Weighted 
Average 
Exercise 
Price 
$ 

Weighted Average 
Remaining 
Contractual   
Life in Years 
# 

3.87   
4.09   
3.05   
3.23   
3.15   
4.72   
7.09   
4.79   

.02 
.19 
1.19 
1.40 
1.93 
2.93 
3.93 
2.68 

Options Exercisable 

Stock 
options 
# 

20,900 
16,400 
217,603 
2,501 
340,739 
307,224 
146,632 
1,051,999 

Weighted 
Average 
Exercise 
Price 
$ 

3.87 
4.09 
3.05 
3.23 
3.15 
4.72 
7.09 
4.17 

During the year ended December 31, 2015, 343,000 stock options (2015 – nil) were granted at an exercise price of $6.74. 

During the year ended December 31, 2015, 584,108 stock options (2014 – 365,543) were exercised with a weighted average 
exercise  price  of  $3.60  (2014  –  $3.63)  resulting  in  cash  proceeds  to  the  Company  of  $2,103,000  (2014  –  $1,328,000).  
Compensation  expense  previously  included  in  contributed  surplus  of  $618,000  (2014  –  $418,000)  was  credited  to  share 
capital on the exercise of stock options. 

The  Company  uses  the  fair  value  method  of  accounting  for  all  stock  options  granted  to  employees  and  directors.    The  fair 
value  of  stock  options  at  the  date  of  grant  or  transfer  is  determined  using  the  Black-Scholes  option  pricing  model  with 
assumptions  for  risk-free  interest  rates,  dividend  yield,  volatility  factors  of  the  expected  market  prices  of  the  Company’s 
common  shares,  expected  forfeitures  and  an  expected  life  of  the  instrument.    Share-based  compensation  expense  is 
recognized using a graded vesting model.  During the year ended December 31, 2015, share-based compensation expense of 
$407,000 (2014 - $685,000) was recorded in manufacturing and selling costs and general and administration expenses in the 
consolidated statements of income. 

The estimated fair values of stock options granted during the year ended December 31, 2015 were determined at the date of 
the  grant  using  the  Black-Scholes  option  pricing  model  with  the  following  weighted  average  assumptions resulting  in  a  fair 
value per option of $1.25.   

Risk-free interest rate (%) 
Expected hold period to exercise (years) 
Volatility in the price of the Company’s shares (%) 
Forfeiture rate (%) 
Dividend yield (%) 

2015 

0.7 
3.8 
 30.5 
7.6 
2.7 

2014 

n/a 
n/a 
n/a 
n/a 
n/a 

The expected hold period, volatility, forfeiture rate and dividend yield are based on management’s judgments in regard to the 
Company’s past history and expectations for the future. 

b)  Performance share units 

Under the Company’s 2015 Incentive Plan, named executive officers may be awarded performance share units (“PSU”) equal 
to the cash equivalent of one common share of ZCL stock.  These PSUs vest over a three year period and are contingent on 
the Company achieving certain performance objectives.  For the PSUs that vest, the unit holders will receive a cash payment 
based on the closing price of the Company’s common shares on the expiry date of the units.  Dividend equivalent rights are 
granted  in  tandem  with  the  PSUs.    For  the  twelve  months  ended  December  31,  2015,  the  Company  awarded  14,825  PSUs 
(2014 – nil) and canceled 4,500 PSUs (2014 – nil). Compensation expense of $21,000 for the twelve months ended December 

50 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

31, 2015 (2014 - $nil) was recognized in general and administrative expenses.  As at December 31, 2015, the amortized fair 
value of the PSUs on the Company’s balance sheet was $21,000 (December 31, 2014 - $nil). 

c)  Deferred share units 

Under  the  Company’s  2015  Incentive  Plan,  directors  may  be  awarded  Deferred  Share  Units  (“DSU”)  equal  to  the  cash 
equivalent of one common share of ZCL stock.  The DSUs vest on their grant date and are paid in cash to the holder upon 
retirement from the Company based on the market value of ZCL stock on the date of their retirement.  Dividend equivalent 
rights are granted in tandem with the DSUs.  During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company awarded 26,000 DSUs 
(2014 – nil) and $191,000 of compensation expense (2014 - $nil) was recognized in general and administrative expenses.  As 
at December 31, 2015, the fair value of the DSUs on the Company’s balance sheet was $191,000 (December 31, 2014 - $nil). 

17.  INCOME TAXES 

The Company's effective income tax expense has been determined as follows: 

(in thousands of dollars) 

Net income before tax 

Statutory federal and provincial taxes at 26.30% (2014 – 25.50%) 
Increase (decrease) in income taxes resulting from: 
  Rate differences for foreign jurisdictions 
  Effect of permanent differences 
  Non-taxable foreign income, other tax exempt income and other items 
At the effective income tax rate of 31% (2014 – 27%) 

A reconciliation of the Company’s deferred tax liabilities is as follows: 

(in thousands of dollars) 

Balance, beginning of the year 
Tax recovery during the year recognized in net income 
Tax expense during the year recognized in other 
  comprehensive income 
At the effective income tax rate of 26% (2014 – 30%) 

Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax liabilities are as follows: 

(in thousands of dollars) 

Property, plant and equipment 
Land 
Intangible assets 
Inventories 
Refundable insurance premiums 
Non-deductible reserves and accrued liabilities 
Other 

2015 
$ 

2014 
$ 

18,893 

22,211 

4,968 

1,269 
(521) 
178 
5,894 

2015 
$ 

4,220 
(694) 

403 
3,929 

2015 
$ 

4,261 
363 
344 
(65) 
— 
(973) 
(1) 
3,929 

5,664 

1,216 
(802) 
(183) 
5,895 

2014 
$ 

4,075 
(28) 

173 
4,220 

2014 
$ 

3,598 
343 
586 
317 
46 
(685) 
15 
4,220 

51 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

18.  EARNINGS PER SHARE 

The following table sets forth the net income available to common shareholders and weighted-average number of common 
shares outstanding for the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share: 

For the years ended December 31, 

Numerator (in thousands of dollars) 

Net income 

Denominator (in thousands) 

Weighted average shares outstanding - basic 
Effect of dilutive securities: 
  Stock options 
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted 

19.  RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS 

a)  Transactions in the normal course of operations: 

2015 
$ 

2014 
$ 

12,999 

16,316 

2015 
# 

30,200 

165 
30,365 

2014 
# 

29,963 

416 
30,379 

Certain manufacturing components purchased for $23,000 (2014 - $90,000) for the year ended December 31, 2015, included 
in the consolidated financial statements as cost of goods sold or inventories, were provided by a corporation whose Executive 
Chairman is a director of the Company. The transactions were incurred in the normal course of operations and recorded at 
fair  value  being  normal  commercial  rates  for  the  products.  Accounts  payable  and  accrued  liabilities  at  December  31,  2015 
included  $6,000  (December  31,  2014  -  $11,000)  owing  to  the  corporation.  There  are  no  ongoing  contractual  or  other 
commitments resulting from these transactions. 

b)  Transactions with key management and directors: 

For the years ended December 31, 

(in thousands of dollars) 

Salaries, benefits and director fees 
Share-based payments 
Total 

2015 
$ 

1,458 
416 
1,874 

2014 
$ 

1,614 
303 
1,948 

The  Company  has  identified  the  Chief  Executive  Officer,  Chief  Financial  Officer  and  Chief  Operating  Officer  as  key 
management to the Company in addition to the members of the board of directors.  The figures above are included in general 
and administrative expenses for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014.   Share-based payments are the amount  of 
expense recognized in the consolidated statements of income relating to the identified key management and directors. 

20.  FINANCE EXPENSE 

For the years ended December 31, 

(in thousands of dollars) 

Short term interest, net of interest income 
Interest, long term obligations 

2015 
$ 

232 
87 
319  

2014 
$ 

279 
104 
383 

52 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

21.  FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 

Financial risk management 

The Company’s activities expose it to a variety of financial risks including market risk (foreign exchange risk and interest rate 
risk),  credit  risk  and  liquidity  risk.  Management  reviews  these  risks  on  an  ongoing  basis  to  ensure  that  the  risks  are 
appropriately  managed.  The  Company  may  use  foreign  exchange  forward  contracts  to  manage  exposure  to  fluctuations  in 
foreign  exchange  from  time  to  time.  The  Company  does  not  currently  have  a  practice  of  trading  derivatives  and  had  no 
derivative instruments outstanding at December 31, 2015 and 2014.   

a) 

Interest rate risk  

The Company’s objective in managing interest rate risk is to monitor expected volatility in interest rates while also minimizing 
the  Company’s  financing  expense  levels.  Interest  rate  risk  mainly  arises  from  fluctuations  of  interest  rates  and  the  related 
impact  on  the  return  earned  on  cash  and  cash  equivalents,  restricted  cash  and  the  expense  on  floating  rate  debt.  On  an 
ongoing  basis,  management  monitors  changes  in  short  term  interest  rates  and  considers  long  term  forecasts  to  assess  the 
potential cash flow impact on the Company. The Company does not currently hold any financial instruments to mitigate its 
interest  rate  risk.  Cash  and  cash  equivalents  and  restricted  cash  earn  interest  based  on  market  interest  rates.  Bank 
indebtedness balances and long term debt have floating interest rates which are subject to market fluctuations. 

The effective interest rate on any bank indebtedness balance at December 31, 2015 was prime plus 25 basis points, 2.95% 
(December 31, 2014 - prime plus 75 basis points, 3.75%).  The effective interest rate on the term loan balance at December 
31, 2015 was US LIBOR rate plus 175 basis points, 2.18% (December 31, 2014 – US LIBOR rate plus 225 basis points, 2.42%). 
With  other  variables  unchanged,  an  increase  or  decrease  of  100  basis  points  in  the  US  LIBOR  and  Canadian  prime  interest 
rates would have a minimal impact on the net income for the year ended December 31, 2015. 

b)  Foreign exchange risk  

The Company operates on an international basis and is subject to foreign exchange risk exposures arising from transactions 
denominated in foreign currencies. The Company’s objective with respect to foreign exchange risk is to minimize the impact 
of the volatility related to financial assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency, where possible, through effective 
cash  flow  management.    Foreign  currency  exchange  risk  is  limited  to  the  portion  of  the  Company’s  business  transactions 
denominated in currencies other than Canadian dollars. The Company’s most significant foreign exchange risk arises primarily 
with  respect  to  the  US  dollar. The  revenues  and  expenses  of  the  Company’s  US  operations  are  denominated  in  US  dollars. 
Certain  of  the  revenue  and  expenses  of  the  Canadian  operations  are  also  denominated  in US  dollars.  The  Company  is  also 
exposed to foreign exchange risk associated with the euro due to its operations in The Netherlands, however these amounts 
are  not  significant  to  the  Company’s  consolidated  financial  results.  On  an ongoing basis,  management  monitors  changes  in 
foreign  currency  exchange  rates  as  well  as  considers  long  term  forecasts  to  assess  the  potential  cash  flow  impact  on  the 
Company. During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company converted US dollar cash to Canadian dollar cash to help 
mitigate  foreign  exchange  exposures  resulting  from  fluctuations  in  exposed  monetary  assets  and  liabilities.    The  Company 
continues to monitor its foreign exchange exposure on monetary assets. 

The tables that follow provide an indication of the Company’s exposure to changes in the value of the US dollar relative to the 
Canadian  dollar  as  at  and  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2015.    The  analysis  is  based  on  financial  assets  and  liabilities 
denominated in US dollars at the end of the period (“balance sheet exposure”), which are separated by domestic and foreign 
operations, and US dollar denominated revenue and operating expenses during the period (“operating exposure”). 

53 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

Balance sheet exposure as at December 31, 2015, 

(in thousands of US dollars)  

Cash and cash equivalents 
Accounts receivable 
Restricted cash 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 
Trade balances between foreign and domestic operations 
Long term debt 
Net balance sheet exposure 

Operating exposure for the year ended December 31, 2015, 

(in thousands of US dollars) 

Sales 
Operating expenses 
Net operating exposure 

Foreign 
Operations 
$ 

Domestic 
Operations 
$ 

19,966 
15,634 
250 
(8,367) 
(8,241) 
— 
19,242 

3,908 
1,339 
— 
(1,693) 
8,241 
(965) 
10,830  

Total 
$ 

23,874 
16,973 
250 
(10,060) 
— 
(965) 
30,072 

$ 

119,405 
96,480 
22,925 

The weighted average US to Canadian dollar translation rate was 1.28 for the year ended December 31, 2015. The translation 
rate as at December 31, 2015 was 1.39. 

Based  on  the  Company’s  foreign  currency  exposures  noted  above,  with  other  variables  unchanged,  a  twenty  percent 
decrease in the Canadian dollar would have impacted net income as follows: 

For the year ended December 31, 2015, 

(in thousands of US dollars) 

Net balance sheet exposure of other operations 
Net operating exposure of foreign operations 
Change in net income 

$ 

1,614 
2,815 
4,429 

Other comprehensive income would have changed $2,463,000 if the value of the Canadian dollar fluctuated by 20% due to 
the net balance sheet exposure of financial assets and liabilities of foreign operations. The timing and volume of the above 
transactions as well as the timing of their settlement could impact the sensitivity analysis. 

c)  Credit risk 

Credit risk is the risk of a financial loss to the Company if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its 
contractual  obligations.  The  Company  is  exposed  to  credit  risk  through  its  cash  and  cash  equivalents,  restricted  cash  and 
accounts receivable. The Company manages the credit risk associated with its cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash 
by holding its funds with reputable financial institutions and investing only in highly rated securities that are traded on active 
markets  and  are  capable  of  prompt  liquidation.  Credit  risk  for  trade  and  other  accounts  receivable  are  managed  through 
established credit monitoring activities. The Company also mitigates its credit risk on trade accounts receivable by obtaining a 
cash  deposit  from  certain  customers  with  no  prior  order  history  with  the  Company  or  where  the  Company  perceives  the 
customer has a higher level of risk.  

The Company has a concentration of customers in the downstream retail oil and gas and corrosion sectors. The concentration 
risk  is  mitigated  by  the  large  number  of  customers  and  by  a  significant  portion  of  the  customers  being  large  international 
organizations. As at December 31, 2015, no customer exceeded 10% of the consolidated trade accounts receivable balance. 
The  creditworthiness  of  new  and  existing  customers  is  subject  to  review  by  management  by  considering  such  items  as  the 
type of customer, prior order history and the size of the order. Decisions to extend credit to new customers are approved by 
management and the creditworthiness of existing customers is monitored. 

54 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

The Company reviews its trade accounts receivable regularly and amounts are written down to their expected realizable value 
when the account is determined not to be fully collectable. This generally occurs when the customer has indicated an inability 
to pay, the Company is unable to communicate with the customer over an extended period of time, and other methods to 
obtain payment have been considered and have not been successful. The bad debt expense is charged to net income in the 
period that the account is determined to be doubtful. Estimates for the allowance for doubtful accounts are determined on a 
customer-by-customer evaluation of collectability at each reporting date, taking into account the amounts which are past due 
and any available relevant information on the customers’ liquidity and going concern status. After all efforts of collection have 
failed, the accounts receivable balance not collected is written off with an offset to the allowance for doubtful accounts, with 
no impact on net income.  

The  Company’s  maximum  exposure  to  credit  risk  for  trade  accounts  receivable  is  the  carrying  value  of  $24,481,000  as  at 
December 31, 2015 (December 31, 2014 - $27,066,000). On a geographic basis as at December 31, 2015, approximately 22% 
(December 31, 2014 – 48%) of the balance of trade accounts receivable was due from Canadian and non-US customers and 
78%  (December  31,  2014–  52%)  was  due  from  US  customers.    The  geographic  change  in  accounts  receivable  reflects  the 
changes in geographic sources of revenue for the last quarter of the year relative to 2014. 

Payment terms are generally net 30 days.  The aging of trade accounts receivable prior to including the allowance for doubtful 
accounts were as follows: 

As at December 31, 

Current 
Past due 1 to 30 days 
Past due 31 to 60 days 
Past due 61 to 90 days 
Past due greater than 90 days 

2015 

51% 
26% 
11% 
6% 
6% 
100% 

2014 

58% 
23% 
13% 
3% 
3% 
100% 

Despite  the  established  payment  terms,  customers  in  the  oil  and  gas  industry,  who  represent  a  significant  portion  of  the 
customer base for the Company, typically pay amounts within 60 days of the invoice date. Accordingly, it is management’s 
view  that  amounts  outstanding  from  these  customers  up  to  60  days  from  the  invoice  date  have  a  low  risk  of  not  being 
collected.   

Included in the accounts receivable balance are balances not considered trade receivables of $933,000 which include funds 
receivable from various sales tax refunds, insurance refunds and rebates (December 31, 2014 - $727,000).   

The Company had recorded an allowance for doubtful accounts of $327,000 as at December 31, 2015 (December 31, 2014 - 
$125,000).  The  allowance  is  an  estimate  of  the  December  31,  2015  trade  receivable  balances  that  are  considered 
uncollectible. The allowance increased for bad debt expense of $288,000 (2014 - $129,000), offset by payments of $97,000 
(2014 - $41,000), write offs of $5,000 (2014 - $528,000) and a translation adjustment of $16,000 (2014 - $23,000) for the year 
ended December 31, 2015. 

55 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

d)  Liquidity risk 

The  Company’s  objective  related  to  liquidity  risk  is  to  effectively  manage  cash  flows  to  minimize  the  exposure  that  the 
Company  will  not  be  able  to  meet  its  obligations  associated  with  financial  liabilities.  On  an  ongoing  basis,  liquidity  risk  is 
managed  by  maintaining  adequate  cash  and  cash  equivalent  balances  and  appropriately  utilizing  available  lines  of  credit.  
Management believes that forecasted cash flows from operating activities, along with the available lines of credit, will provide 
sufficient  cash  requirements  to  cover  the  Company’s  forecasted  normal  operating  activities,  commitments  and  budgeted 
capital expenditures. 

The  Company  has  pledged  as  general  collateral  for  advances  under  the  operating  credit  facility  and  the  bank  term  loan  a 
general  security  agreement  on  present  and  future  assets,  guarantees  from  each  present  and  future  direct  and  indirect 
subsidiary  of  the  Company  supported  by  a  first  registered  security  over  all  present  and  future  assets,  and  pledge  of  their 
shares. The Company is not permitted to sell or re-pledge significant assets held under collateral without consent from the 
lenders. 

The following are the undiscounted contractual maturities of financial liabilities excluding future interest: 

(in thousands of dollars) 

Accounts payable, accrued liabilities and provisions  
Dividends payable  
Long term debt  
Finance lease 
Total 

e)  Fair value of financial instruments 

Carrying 
Amount 
$ 

20,395 
1,513 
1,317 
358 
23,583   

2016 
$  

19,309 
1,513 
1,317 
358 
22,497 

2017 
$ 

1,086 
— 
— 

  1,086 

Thereafter 
$ 

— 
— 
— 

— 

The  Company  holds  financial  instruments  consisting  of  cash  and  cash  equivalents,  restricted  cash,  accounts  receivable, 
accounts payable and accrued liabilities, and long term debt.  

The  carrying  value  of  cash  and  cash  equivalents,  restricted  cash,  accounts  receivable,  and  accounts  payable  and  accrued 
liabilities approximates their fair value due to their short term nature.    

The carrying value of long term debt approximates its fair value as changes in interest rates are not expected to significantly 
impact the value of the loan.  In addition, the interest rates are the market rates at each reporting period. 

22.  STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS 

For the years ended December 31,  

(in thousands of dollars) 

Net interest paid 
Income taxes paid 

2015 
$ 

309 
6,552 
6,861  

2014 
$ 

373 
5,701 
6,074 

56 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

23.  CAPITAL RISK MANAGEMENT 

Management’s objectives when managing capital are to safeguard the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, to 
provide  an  adequate  return  to  shareholders,  to  meet  external  capital  requirements  on  the  Company’s  debt  and  credit 
facilities  and  preserve  financial  flexibility  in  order  to  benefit  from  potential  opportunities  that  may  arise.  The  Company 
defines capital that it manages as the aggregate of its long term debt and shareholders’ equity, which is comprised of issued 
capital, contributed surplus and retained earnings.  

a) 

Long term debt and adjusted capital employed: 

As at December 31, 

(in thousands of dollars) 

Current portion of long term debt [note 11] 
Long term debt [note 11] 
Finance lease 
Total long term debt 

Share capital 
Contributed surplus 
Retained earnings 
Adjusted shareholders’ equity 
Adjusted capital employed 

2015 
$ 

1,317 
— 
358 
1,675 

76,066 
2,357 
50,639 
129,062 
130,737 

2014 
$ 

1,498 
1,103 
— 
2,601 

76,592 
2,568 
43,230 
122,390 
124,991 

Management considers changes in economic conditions, risks that impact the consolidated operations and future significant 
capital investment opportunities in managing its capital and considers adjustments to its ratio of long term debt to adjusted 
capital employed when significant changes in these factors are expected.  Management considers the ratio of long term debt 
to adjusted capital employed of 1% as at December 31, 2015 (December 31, 2014 – 2%) to be low. Adjusted capital employed 
is defined as long term debt plus total shareholders’ equity excluding accumulated other comprehensive income.  

b)  Debt management 

Under its long term credit facilities, the Company must maintain a number of financial covenants on a quarterly basis.  These 
covenants  include,  but  are  not  limited  to,  a  minimum  shareholders’  equity  value,  a  debt  to  net  tangible  worth  ratio  and  a 
fixed  charge  coverage  ratio.    These  ratios  are  calculated  in  accordance  with  the  credit  facility  and  are  not  necessarily 
consistent  with  figures  presented  in  these  consolidated  financial  statements  under  International  Financial  Reporting 
Standards. 

The following summarizes the financial ratios mentioned above calculated in accordance with the Company’s credit facility: 

Minimum equity value 
Debt to tangible net worth 
Fixed charge coverage ratio  
Current ratio 

Dec 31, 
2015 
Actual 

$144 million 
0.02 
3.8 
3.8 

Dec 31, 
2015 
Required 

>$50 million 
<2.0 
>1.5 
>1.25 

Dec 31, 
2014 
Actual 

$123 million 
0.03 
4.0 
3.4 

Dec 31, 
2014 
Required 

>$50 million 
<2.0 
>1.5 
N/A 

On an ongoing basis, management expects to continue meeting all financial covenants under its current credit facility. 

57 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

24.  SEGMENTED INFORMATION 

Operating segments are defined as components of the Company for which separate financial information is available that is 
evaluated  regularly  by  the  chief  operating  decision  maker  in  allocating  resources  and  assessing  performance.    The  chief 
operating decision maker of the Company is the Chief Executive Officer. The Company has applied the aggregation criteria in 
IFRS 8.12 and aggregated individual manufacturing operations whose production process, products, distribution methods and 
industry markets are similar.  Based on management’s judgment, the aggregation criteria result in two reportable segments, 
Underground  Fluid  Containment  (“Underground”)  and  Aboveground  Fluid  Containment  (“Aboveground”).    Other  operating 
segments whose assets, revenue and profit are less than 10% of  the overall assets, revenue and profit of  the  consolidated 
group have been grouped into the Underground operating segment for reporting purposes.    

a) 

Information about reportable segments 

For the years ended December 31,  

(in thousands of dollars) 

Revenue 
Manufacturing and  
  selling costs 
Gross profit 

  Underground 

Aboveground 

Total 

2015 
$ 

2014 
$ 

2015 
$ 

2014 
$ 

2015 
$ 

2014 
$ 

160,685 

139,087 

24,990 

31,748 

185,675 

170,835 

124,193 
36,492 

108,859 
30,228 

28,291 
(3,301) 

27,516 
4,232 

152,484 
33,191 

136,375 
34,460 

Manufacturing  and  selling  costs  are  the  only  costs  that  are  directly  attributable  to  the  Underground  and  Aboveground 
operating  segments.    All  other  costs  are  not  specifically  identifiable  to  an  individual  segment  and  management  has 
determined that there is no rational basis on which to allocate general and administration and other expenses.  Only a gross 
profit measure is reported to the Chief Executive Officer on a regular basis; therefore gross profit is disclosed as the measure 
of profit. 

Inventories 

Property, 
plant and   
equipment 

As at 
(in thousands of dollars) 

Underground 
Aboveground 
Total 

Dec 31, 
2015 
$ 

32,792 
2,332 
35,124 

Dec 31, 
2014 
$ 

26,442 
4,586 
31,028 

Dec 31, 
2015 
$ 

26,901 
4,304 
  31,205 

Dec 31, 
2014 
$    

23,689 
5,454 
29,143 

Intangible assets  
and goodwill 

Dec 31, 
2015 
$ 

39,409 
662 
40,071 

Dec 31, 
2014 
$ 

34,297 
3,472 
37,769 

The  only  assets  that  can  be  identified  by  reportable  segments  are  inventories,  property,  plant  and  equipment,  intangible 
assets and goodwill.  All other current and long term assets, as well as current and long term liabilities are not segregated into 
the reportable segments.  

b) 

Information about major customers 

The  Company  has  long  term  contracts  and  alliance  arrangements  with  many  of  the  major  oil  and  gas  companies  and 
distributors in Canada and provides products for distributors and retail oil and gas companies in the US.  For the years ended 
December 31, 2015 and 2014, no single customer exceeded 10% of total revenue. 

58 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

c) 

Information about geographic areas 

For the years ended December 31,  

(in thousands of dollars) 

Canada 
United States 
International 

As at 

(in thousands of dollars) 

Canada 
United States 
International 

2015 
$ 

43,304 
137,864 
4,507 
185,675 

Revenues 

2014 
$ 

56,101 
110,969 
3,765 
170,835 

Property, plant and 
equipment, intangible  
assets and goodwill 

Dec 31, 
2015 
$ 

22,097 
48,411 
768 
71,276 

Dec 31, 
2014 
$ 

25,577 
40,417 
918 
66,912 

Dec 31, 
2015 
$ 

52,788 
121,159 
3,597 
177,544 

Total assets 

Dec 31, 
2014 
$ 

62,552 
90,377 
3,725 
156,654 

25.  IMPAIRMENT TESTING OF GOODWILL 

Goodwill  acquired  through  business  combinations  has  been  allocated  to  three  groups  of  cash-generating  units  (“CGUs”)  as 
follows: 

•  Underground Canada 
•  Underground US 
• 
Aboveground 

Carrying amount of goodwill allocated to each CGU 

As at 
(in thousands of dollars) 
Goodwill 

Underground Canada 

Underground US 

 Aboveground 

Oct 1, 
2015 
$ 
1,377 

Oct 1, 
2014 
$ 
1,377 

Oct 1, 
2015 
$ 
34,511 

Oct 1, 
2014 
$   
28,720 

Oct 1, 
2015 
$ 
— 

Oct 1, 
2014 
$ 
2,641 

During the year ended December 31, 2015, certain factors indicated that the goodwill balance relating to the Aboveground 
CGU may be impaired.  These factors included low profitability and continued low activity levels that are expected in the near 
term.  As a result, a $2,656,000 impairment loss was recognized during the year ended December 31, 2015 pertaining to the 
Aboveground  CGU.    The  recoverable  amount  of  the  Aboveground  CGU,  defined  as  the  fair  value  less  cost  of  disposal 
(“FVLCD”) was $17,845,000 at the time the impairment test was performed.  

Subsequent to the impairment test performed on the Aboveground CGU, the Company performed its annual impairment test 
on the remaining balance of goodwill as at October 1, 2015.  Among other factors, the Company considers the relationship 
between the FVLCD of its CGUs, to their  carrying amounts, when reviewing for indicators of impairment.  As at  October 1, 
2015, the FVLCD of the CGUs were above the carrying amounts, indicating there was not an impairment of goodwill in any of 
the CGUs identified above.  For the purposes of testing goodwill impairment, the Underground Canada and Underground US 
CGUs were combined reflecting the way the Underground operating segment is managed on a day to day basis.   

59 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

Goodwill carried in the Underground US CGU is denominated in US dollars and the carrying amount is subject to fluctuations 
in  the  US  dollar  to  Canadian  dollar  exchange  rate,  which  is  why  the  October  1,  2015  figures  above  may  differ  from  the 
October 1, 2014 carrying amount, along with the year end December 31, 2014 and 2015 carrying amounts.   

Key assumptions used in the FVLCD calculations 

The calculation of the FVLCD for the three CGUs is most sensitive to the following assumptions: 

•  Discount rates 
•  Growth rate used to extrapolate cash flows beyond the budget period 
•  Gross profit 

Discount rates:  
Discount  rates  represent  the  current  market  assessment  of  the  risks  specific  to  each  CGU  or  group  of  CGUs, regarding  the 
time  value  of  money  and  individual  risks  of  the  underlying  assets  which  have  not  been  incorporated  in  the  cash  flow 
estimates.  The  discount  rate  calculation  is  based  on  the  market  risks  and  specific  circumstances  of  the  Company  and  its 
operating segments and is derived from its weighted average cost of capital (WACC). The WACC takes into account both debt 
and equity. The cost of equity is derived from the expected return on investment by investors. The cost of debt is based on 
market  conditions  and  the  Company’s  interest  bearing  borrowings.  Segment-specific  risk  is  incorporated  by  applying 
individual  beta  factors.  The  beta  factors  are  evaluated  annually  based  on  publicly  available  market  data.  Specific  risk 
premiums  are  calculated  after  consideration  for  the  volatility  in  the  revenue  streams  and  the  risk  factors  affecting  the 
predictability  of  the  particular CGU.    Discount  rate  ranges  utilized  by  CGU  groups  are  as  follows:    Underground  CGU  group 
(12.4% to 13.2%) and Aboveground (24.3% to 25.1%). 

Growth rate estimates: 
Growth rates for beyond 2015 are established using the board approved budgeted growth rate by CGU or groups of CGUs.  
Longer  term  growth  rates  are  established  using  the  Strategic  Plan  for  each  CGU.    Both  the 2015  operating  budget  and  the 
Strategic  Plan  were  calculated  using  current  prospects  and  planned  strategic  changes  expected  to  be  implemented.    The 
growth rate used to extrapolate cash flows beyond the budget period used (five years) is based on Government of Canada 
target inflation rates and US Federal Reserve long term inflation expectations (2% for all CGUs). 

Gross profit: 
Gross profit is based on historical values and is adjusted upwards or downwards depending on expected changes in revenues 
and  variable  costs.    As  fixed  costs  remain  relatively  constant  over  the  short  term  while  revenues  increase,  gross  profits 
improve over this same period.  

Sensitivity to changes in assumptions 

Discount rates: 
Most rates used within the WACC calculation do not change significantly year to year; however, if the specific risk premium 
were adjusted in either direction, it would have an effect on the FVLCD of the CGU or groups of CGUs. This, in turn, would 
change the excess or deficiency values over the carrying amounts of the CGU.  For the Underground CGU group, the specific 
risk premium would need to increase 45% in the low end of the premium range before a deficiency would be created.  For 
Aboveground  CGU,  the  specific  risk  premium  would  need  to  increase  21%  in  the  low  end  of  the  premium  range  before  a 
deficiency over the carrying value would be created. 

Growth rate and gross profit assumptions: 
Sales growth rates used were modest; however, any reduction in the sales growth rate would have a negative impact on the 
FVLCD  of  the  overall  CGUs  or  group  of  CGUs.    Similarly,  gross  profits  as  a  percentage  of  revenues  used  were  in  line  with 
historical rates realized by the CGUs.  For the Underground CGU group, gross profit would have to fall to 84% of our current 
expectations  and  the  gross  profit  for  the  Aboveground  CGU would  have  to  fall  to  90%  of  its  current  expectations  before  a 
deficiency would result in the respective carrying amounts.   

As at October 1, 2015, the total recoverable amount of the Company's CGUs exceeded their carrying amounts. 

26.  PRIOR YEAR RECLASSIFICATION 

Certain of the prior years’ balances were reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation. 

60 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CORPORATE INFORMATION 
________________________________________________________________________________ 

Transfer Agent & Registrar 
CST Trust Company 
600, The Dome Tower 
333 – 7th Avenue SW 
Calgary, Alberta 
Canada T2P 2Z1 

Auditors 
Ernst & Young LLP 
EPCOR Tower, 10423 – 101 Street 
Suite 1400, PO Box 44 
Edmonton, Alberta 
Canada T5H 0E7 

General Counsel 
Bennett Jones LLP 
3200 Telus House, South Tower 
10020 – 100 Street 
Edmonton, Alberta 
Canada T5J 0N3 

Stock Listing and Share Symbol 
Toronto Stock Exchange: ZCL 

Board of Directors 
Anthony (Tony) P. Franceschini, Chair of the Board 
Ronald M. Bachmeier, President, CEO, Director 
D. Bruce Bentley, Director 
Leonard A. Cornez, Director 
Allan S. Olson, Director 
Harold A. Roozen, Director 
Ralph B. Young, Director 

Annual General Meeting 
2:00 p.m. on Thursday, May 5, 2016 
at the Hampton Inn by Hilton  
in The Meeting Room 
10020 12 Ave., SW,  
Edmonton, Alberta 
Canada T6X 0P9 

Corporate Office 
1420 Parsons Road, SW 
Edmonton, Alberta 
Canada T6X 1M5 

Common Shares Outstanding 
As of March 2, 2016 
Total outstanding: 30,268,737 

Investor Relations 
Copies of this Annual Report may be obtained 
by calling Investor Relations at (780) 466-6648 
or e-mailing IR@zcl.com  

61 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1420 Parsons Road SW • Edmonton • Alberta • Canada • T6X 1M5
780.466.6648 • 1.800.661.8265 • zcl.com
© ZCL Composites Inc. • All Rights Reserved • March 2016