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FY2020 Annual Report · ADM Energy
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WELCOME  TO  ADM ENERGY 
ANNUAL REPORT AND ACCOUNTS  

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

ADM Energy is a natural resources investment company with an existing asset base in Nigeria. We hold a 
9.2% profit interest in the Aje Field, part of OML 113. 

We are seeking to build on our existing asset base and target other investment opportunities across the 
West African region in the oil and gas sector. These will be based on attractive risk reward profiles such as 
proven nature of reserves, level of historic investment, established infrastructure, route to early cash flow 
and exploration upside.  

CONTENTS

Company Information

2020 Overview 

Chairman’s Report

Strategic Report

Board of Directors

Investment Approach

Directors' Report

Corporate Governance Report

Chairman’s Corporate Governance Statement

Report on Directors’ Remuneration

Report of the Independent Auditor

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Group Income Statement

Group and Company Statements of Financial Position

Company Statement of Changes in Equity

Group and Company Statements of Cash Flows

Notes to the Financial Statements

PAGE

3

4

6

9

16

18

20

23

28

31

32

39

40

42

44

46

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Annual Report 2020

COMPANY INFORMATION

DIRECTORS

Oliver Andrews (Non-Executive Chairman) 
Osamede Okhomina (Chief Executive Officer) 
Richard Carter (Chief Operating Officer) 
Manuel Lamboley (Non-Executive Director) 
Lord Bellingham (Non-Executive Director) 
Dr Stefan Liebing (Non-Executive Director)

REGISTERED OFFICE

60 Gracechurch Street 
London, EC3V 0HR

COMPANY NUMBER

05311866

SECRETARY

NOMINATED ADVISER

LEAD BROKER

JOINT BROKER

REGISTRARS

SOLICITORS

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR

FINANCIAL PR 

Shakespeare Martineau LLP

Cairn Financial Advisers LLP 
Cheyne House 
Crown Court 
6263 Cheapside 
London, EC2V 6AX

Arden Partners Plc 
125 Old Broad Street 
London EC2N 1AR

Hybridan LLP 
2 Jardine House 
The Harrovian Business Village 
Beesborough Road, Harrow 
Middlesex HA1 3EX

Computershare Investor Services Plc 
The Pavilions 
Bridgwater Road 
Bristol, BS99 7NH

Locke Lord (UK LLP 
Second Floor 
201 Bishopsgate 
London EC2M 3AB

Haysmacintyre LLP 
Statutory Auditor 
Chartered Accountants 
10 Queen Street Place 
London, EC4R 1AG

Luther Pendragon 
48 Gracechurch Street 
London, EC3V 0EJ

Annual Report 2020

3

 
2020 OVERVIEW 

OML 113 Investment Highlights  
‣ Delivered strategic agreement with EER Colobos) Nigeria Limited to increase ADM’s interest in the field – 
revenue interest nearly doubled from 5% to 9.2% and ADM’s share of net 2P reserves increased from 8.9 
MMboe to 16.4 MMboe 

‣ Worked closely with operating partners to safely manage the impact of the pandemic and navigate the 

temporary low oil price environment: 

- Production from both the Aje-4 and Aje-5ST2 wells continued uninterrupted aside from planned 

maintenance work, with oil stored on the FPSO while prices recovered 

- Reduced operating costs at a project level by 42% on average, including a decrease in the 

FPSO lease cost 

- Breakeven cost of production reduced to US$28 per barrel, comfortably below the prevailing 

crude oil price – ensuring Aje remained profitable at a project level 

‣ Total oil production in 2020 of 698,649 bbls and barrels of oil per day of 1,909 bopd (99.2 bopd net to 
ADM*). The drop in volume reflected the decision by the JV partners to carry out a more thorough and 
extended period of maintenance on the FPSO while oil prices were depressed 

‣ Post period, disposed of 188,778 shares in Superdielectrics Ltd for a total consideration of £849,501, a 

profit of £656,003 on ADM’s original investment 

* Includes increase in revenue interest from 5% to 9.2% after 9 December 2020 

698 K+ bbls 

Total oil production in 2020

16.4 MMboe 

Net 2P Reserves 

4

Annual Report 2020

Financial and Corporate Highlights  
‣ Revenue was £0.8m (2019 £2.5m) reflecting the decision not to participate in the 13th lifting in March 
2020, a lower oil volume lifted from the FPSO as well as a lower realised oil price during the period 

‣ Operating costs reduced by 42% to £1.4m (2019 £2.4m) 
‣ Loss before and after tax was £6.9m (2019 £1.7m) 
‣ Raised £0.85m for general working capital purposes and issued additional short-term debt of £0.3 

million. Post 

‣ period, in March 2021, the Group announced an equity fundraising of approximately £1,220,000. 
‣ Signed an MOU with Trafigura Pte Ltd, the multi-billion-dollar global trading house, for a strategic alliance 

to develop investment opportunities in the African energy sector 

‣ Strengthened the Board and technical team with industry expertise and high-level contacts 

- Appointed Sir Henry Bellingham, former UK Government Minister for Africa, and Dr Stefan 

Liebing, Chairman of the German-African Business Association, as Non-executive Directors 

- Post period, appointed Oliver Andrews, former Chief Investment Officer at the Africa Finance 

Corporation, as Non-executive Chairman 

- Added two oil and gas veterans, Darrell McKenna and Dr Satinder Purewal, to the technical 
team, and post-period Dr Babatunde Pearse appointed Chief Engineer with responsibility to 
oversee next phase of the Aje development 

‣ Dual listed on the Berlin and Frankfurt stock exchanges to support growth and increase visibility to 

investors in Germany, Europe’s largest retail investment market 

 £ 0.8 mln 

Revenue in 2020

 £1.2 mln 

Equity Fundraising 

Annual Report 2020

5

 
 
Chairman’s Report 

Dear Stakeholders, 

As the newly appointed chairman, I am pleased to 
report in this, my first address, that ADM Energy 
(“ADM”) has emerged from this global pandemic 
with a solid foundation for future growth. The year 
was inevitably influenced by COVID19 and the 
impact of the pandemic was felt on individual lives 
and businesses across the globe, but it was also a 
year that demonstrated the remarkable resilience 
shown by business, industry and national 
economies to withstand the short-term impact and 
identify new opportunities. With vaccination 
programmes now well underway globally we are 
seeing significant progress as restrictions are lifted 
and business reverts to normality. 

A Year of Challenges and 
Opportunities  

By taking advantage of an auspicious market, the 
Company was able to acquire additional 2P reserves 
at heavily discounted prices. The dramatic drop in 

oil prices last year presented an opportunity to 
acquire attractive assets at substantially depressed 
valuations. Under the direction of our Chief 
Executive Officer, Osa Okhomina, ADM completed 
multiple assessments in 2020, increasing the 
Company’s interest in the Aje Field. After dual-listing 
ADM shares in Frankfurt and Berlin this year, we 
have commenced trading and increased our 
visibility to investors in Europe’s largest retail 
investment market, Germany. 

Following completion in December, the EER 
Colobos) Nigeria Limited (“EER”) transaction 
increased ADM's share in the Aje Field from 5% to 
9.2% and we anticipate this to materially increase 
attributable revenues from the asset in 2021. The 
acquisition effectively doubles our interest in the 2P 
reserve base from 8.9 MMboe to 16.4 MMboe and 
positions ADM to benefit from a scale- up in 
production, with field development plans being 
progressed to access the prized liquid reserves. 

Despite successfully completing these transactions, 
we must recognise that 2020 was a challenging 
year for the oil and gas sector as well as the wider 
market. Accordingly, the Board took several 

6

Annual Report 2020

Chairman’s Report 

measures to steer the business through the low oil 
price environment, including cutting production 
costs, storing oil on board the floating production 
storage and offloading (“FPSO”) and deferring 
participation in the 13th Lifting. On the corporate 
side, the Company raised additional equity and debt 
of £672,500 through a placing and subscription, 
with five participating directors, and converted 
£395,798 of debt to equity. 

An impairment of £4.6 million was recognised (2019 
nil) on our share of the Aje asset due to a change to 
a 'fair value' implied by the purchase price 
(excluding contingent portion) of the recently 
announced Petronor/Panoro transaction. 

Evolving the Board and Technical 
Team   

On behalf of the Board and all shareholders, I 
commend my predecessor, Peter Francis, for his 
tenure as chairman of ADM. He departs due to 
personal circumstances with our very best wishes. 
As the new chairman, I look forward to steering 
ADM further towards its mandate and delivering to 
favourable outcomes to our shareholders. I would 
also like to thank Sergio Lopez for his service as he 
too stepped down from the Board to pursue other 
interests. 

The change in personnel brought about in 2020 saw 
ADM further enhance the vast expertise and 
contacts of the Board to oversee the Company’s 
ambitious growth strategy. Lord Henry Bellingham, 
the former UK Government Minister for Africa, joined 
as a Non- Executive Director along with Dr Stefan 
Liebing, Chairman of the prestigious German-
African Business Association. Lionel Therond has 
also joined the ranks as Chief Financial Officer (a 
non-Board role). 

In addition, we have bolstered our technical team to 
advance our existing assets and evaluate new 
prospects. We have enlisted non- Board advisers, 
Darrell McKenna and Dr Satinder Purewal as Lead 
Technical consultants and, most recently, Dr 

Babatunde Pearse, as Chief Engineer. All three are 
industry experts with extensive experience in the 
world’s most prominent International Oil Companies 
(“IOC”) and field development projects. Dr Pearse is 
primarily responsible for planning the next phase of 
the Aje development and oversees Front End 
Engineering Design (“FEED”) studies to support the 
Final Investment Decision.  

Market Backdrop  

ADM does not invest in high-risk exploration, but 
has an investment strategy centred on producing 
and near-term production assets intended to bridge 
the energy transition and meet the ongoing demand 
for oil and gas, particularly from developing 
economies. There has been a sharp rebound in 
energy demand and oil prices upon the re-opening 
of the global economy. Meanwhile, oil majors are in 
the process of realigning their strategies and 
embarking on wide-scale divestment programmes 
to meet carbon reduction targets. We are also open 
to renewable energy investments, such as solar and 
wind projects, following the Company’s successful 
disposal of Superdielectrics post period for an ROI 
of more than four times its original investment.  

Delivering for our Shareholders  

As newly appointed chairman since August 2021, I 
am keen to oversee the Company’s strategy and 
draw on my expertise in originating and evaluating 
transactions, as well as financing and developing 
projects across Africa. Over the last 35 years 
(including my time as Chief Investment Officer at 
Africa Finance Corporation, one of the largest 
investment funds in Africa), I have overseen 
investments of approximately US$10 billion and 
originated investments deals in natural resources 
and infrastructure across the continent, worth 
US$100 billion. 

Today, ADM is in a strong position to deliver value 
for our shareholders, particularly by ramping up 
production at Aje. In parallel, we continue to actively 

Annual Report 2020

7

 
Chairman’s Report 

assess other opportunities to accelerate our 
growth by adding de-risked 2P reserves at 
depressed valuations. By working closely with Osa 
and the team, I am confident that we can deliver on 
the Company's ambitious growth strategy. I thank 
the management team for their dedication and 
considerable efforts in this previous year. 

Finally, I would like to extend my gratitude to our 
shareholders for their continued support during this 
truly extraordinary time. We look forward to 
continued growth in 2021 and beyond.  

OLIVER ANDREWS 
NON-EXECUTIVE CHAIRMAN 

30 September 2021 

8

Annual Report 2020



Chief Executive Officer’s Review  
And Strategic Report

ADM successfully met the challenges of 2020, a 
year in which we ensured our operations continued 
in a safe and effective manner, while positioning the 
business for growth. Our aim is to be a multi-asset 
company with an interest in high-quality assets, 
which offer the potential for material production 
upside. We continued to execute on our strategy to 
build the Company by acquiring undervalued 2P 
reserves without the risks associated with high-cost 
exploration. This included increasing our interest in 
the Aje Field, a producing asset with substantial 
potential in the near and medium term. 

Through our technical expertise and access to 
capital, we are in a strong position to significantly 
de-risk the development of our assets, thereby 
ensuring we unlock their underlying potential and 
create value for our shareholders. 

reserves. It is strategically located 24km offshore 
Lagos where it benefits from increasing local energy 
demand, particularly for gas, which is viewed as a 
replacement fuel for diesel and commands a 
premium. The field is also within close proximity to 
the West African Gas Pipeline which presents a 
potential opportunity for gas monetisation in 
neighbouring countries such as Benin and Togo.  

Completion of EER Transaction  

ADM consolidated its interest in OML 113 during the 
financial year and nearly doubled its reserves, net 
revenue, and production share in the asset. The 
Group increased its revenue interest from 5% to 
9.2% by acquiring 25% of the interest, rights, and 
obligations held by EER. This has increased ADM’s 
share of net 2P reserves from 8.9 MMboe to 16.4 
MMboe.  

Aje Field  

Operations  

The Aje Field on OML 113 offshore Nigeria is an oil 
producing asset which is rich in gas and condensate 

ADM worked closely with the operating partners to 
safely manage the impact of the pandemic and 

Annual Report 2020

9

 
 

  Chief Executive Officer’s Review  

And Strategic Report

ensure that, aside from planned maintenance work, 
production continued uninterrupted at Aje. 

Oil Production:  

2020

2019

Gross

698,649 bbls

890,203 bbls

1,909 bopd

2,967 bopd

Net*

36,295 bbls

44,405 bbls

99.2 bopd

148bopd

* Includes increase in revenue interest from 5% to 9.2% 
after 9 December 2020  

Two liftings took place during 2020. Due to the 
prevailing low oil price at the time, ADM elected to 
not participate in the 13th lifting in March 2020, a 
decision that has been vindicated by the recovery 
of brent crude to US$70 per barrel. The Company 
participated in the 14th lifting in October 2020, 
which totalled 557,091 barrels with a net share of 
33,056 barrels to ADM. Post period, the 15th lifting 
was completed in April 2021 for a total of 225,000 
barrels, equating to an increased net share to ADM 
of 27,675 barrels post completion of the EER 
transaction. The drop in volume reflected the 
decision by the JV partners to carry out a more 
thorough and extended period of maintenance on 
the FPSO while oil prices were depressed. 

The economic shutdowns imposed around the 
world in response to COVID19 precipitated a 
sudden drop in oil demand and severely impacted 
crude prices. In light of the low oil price 
environment, the partners successfully reduced 
operating costs at project level by 42% on average, 
including a decrease in the FPSO lease cost. As a 
result, the breakeven cost of production was 
reduced to US$28 per barrel, comfortably below the 
prevailing crude oil price. This ensured that Aje 
remained profitable at a project level, even despite 
lower production volumes and crude oil prices. It 
also provided a base for operational leverage as 
prices increased during the year and post period, 
with production stored on the FPSO, which has a 
storage capacity of up to 755,808 barrels. 

An impairment of £4.6 million was recognised (2019 
nil) on our share of the Aje asset due to a change to 
a 'fair value' implied by the purchase price 
(excluding contingent portion) of the recently 
announced Petronor/Panoro transaction, which as at 
31 December 2020 was considered by the Directors 
to represent the most relevant and reliable available 
indicator of value against a backdrop of market and 
operation uncertainty prevalent at the time. 

The company has also recognised a Contingent 
Liability as per note 22 on page 73, this is to reflect 
an ongoing audit at project level on OML 113. We 
expect the audit findings in the second half of 2021 
which will give us clarity going forward on project 
level debt.  

Field Development Plan  

The Partners are finalising discussions to reach a 
Final Investment Decision on a new development 
plan at Aje. This process will be supported by the 
appointment of Dr Babatunde Pearse as our new 
Chief Engineer. An industry veteran with an IOC 
background, Dr Pearse has been appointed to plan 
the next phase of the Aje development and oversee 
FEED studies to support the Final Investment 
Decision. 

The development plan includes the drilling of three 
new wells, which could potentially significantly 
increase production of oil and gas liquids from 1,909 
bopd in 2020 to up to 9,000 bopd (approximately 
900 barrels per day net to ADM. It will also 
monetise the Dry Gas rich Aje field, where it has 
been estimated there is over 1.1 trillion cubic feet 
(“Tcf") of Gas initially in Place ("GIIP"). This is able to 
supply the Lagos market and can be sold to the 
West Africa Gas Pipeline. The Partners continue to 
explore various methods of financing, one of which 
is the US$100 million pre-offtake conditional pre-
finance for approved projects that the Company 
may access with Trafigura. 

The development plan has been delayed as 
PetroNor and Panoro Energy ASA agreed to a 
further extension of the completion long stop date 
from 30 June 2021, due to challenges related to 
COVID19, for the previously announced purchase 

10

Annual Report 2020

Chief Executive Officer’s Review  
And Strategic Report

of Panoro’s fully- owned subsidiaries that hold 100% 
of the shares in Pan Petroleum Aje Limited. 

opportunities elsewhere, the Bid Round is no longer 
a strategic priority. 

Financing and Pipeline  

Outlook  

Our existing asset base gives ADM exposure to 
large-scale 2P reserves and a route to material 
production upside. The Group remains confident of 
the commercial viability of further development at 
Aje and will continue to engage proactively with the 
other partners to progress the Field Development 
Plan. The FEED studies to be overseen by Dr 
Pearse, our new Chief Engineer, will define the 
project requirements for detailed engineering, 
procurement, and construction of facilities to 
support the Final Investment Decision. 

These projects provide a strong base from which to 
grow the business through additional acquisitions. 
With many IOCs embarking on large-scale 
divestment programmes, it remains a buyer’s market 
and ADM is in a strong position to de-risk projects 
through our technical expertise and access to 
capital. In line with our investment strategy, we 
continue to seek high-quality assets in West Africa 
at depressed valuations with substantial upside for 
our shareholders. 

During the year, we signed an MoU with Trafigura 
Pte Ltd, the multi-billion-dollar global trading house. 
The intention is to create a strategic alliance where 
ADM will act as the sponsor for investment 
opportunities, with Trafigura providing up to US$100 
million in approved project finance as well as up to 
US$20 million of convertible loan notes. We have 
engaged Trafigura on a number of potential deals to 
date and maintain a strong relationship, extending 
the agreement for a further 12 months post period.  

Barracuda Field  

Post period, we acquired a controlling interest in a 
Risk Sharing Agreement (“RSA”) for the development 
of the large-scale Barracuda Field. Located in OML 
141, the Barracuda Field is an existing discovery and 
near-term production asset, which covers 103 km2 
in the swamp/shallow waters of the Niger Delta. The 
Company announced in the period that it will 
commission a Competent Person's Report (“CPR”) 
on the Barracuda Field. ADM has received a draft of 
a preliminary report however it is not yet finalised 
pending further technical appraisal. Once finalised, 
ADM will be in a better position to conclude the full 
CPR report as well as its strategy for the Barracuda 
field.  

Nigerian Marginal Field Bid Round 

In September 2020, ADM submitted a bid with the 
Nigerian Department of Petroleum Resources 
(“DPR”) for a marginal field in the 2020 Marginal 
Field Bid Round ("Bid Round"). A total of 57 marginal 
fields are available to participating companies 
covering onshore, swamp and shallow offshore 
fields. The process of awarding certain fields 
commenced earlier this year and ADM remains in 
discussion with multiple prospective partners. The 
Company will assess all potential fields on their 
individual merits, however, in light of attractive 

Annual Report 2020

11

 
  Chief Executive Officer’s Review  

And Strategic Report

Key Performance Indicators 

(“KPIs”) 

The Group’s activity is that of an investing group and 
the Directors focus principally on the development 
of the Group’s net asset value. 

The key performance indicators are therefore set 
out below: 

GROUP STATISTICS

As at 31 
December 
2020

As at 31 
December 
2019

Net asset value

£11,002,000

£14,930,000

Net asset value – fully 
diluted per share

Closing share price

8.5p

5.35p

20.7p

4.85p

Market capitalisation

£6,568,000

£2,886,000

Key Risks and Uncertainties 

Early stage investments in the natural resources 
sector carry a high level of risk and uncertainty, 
although the rewards can be outstanding. At this 
stage, there can be no certainty of outcome and, in 
addition, there is often a lack of liquidity in the 
Group’s investments which can be either unquoted 
or quoted, such that the Group may have difficulty in 
realising the full value in a forced sale. Accordingly, a 
commitment is only made after thorough research 
into both the management and the business of the 
target, both of which are closely monitored 
thereafter. Details of other financial risks and their 
management are given in Note 20 to the financial 
statements. The Group is currently funded through 
debt and equity investment and therefore there is a 
significant liquidity risk associated with lack of 
funding. This is discussed further as part of the 
going concern note in the relevant section of this 
report. 

Oil prices are subject to international supply and 
demand and margins can be volatile. Political 
developments, increased supply from new oil 

sources, technological change, global economic 
conditions and the influence of OPEC can impact 
supply and demand and prices for our oil. Decreases 
in oil prices could have an adverse effect on 
revenue, margins, profitability and cash flows. 
Exchange rate fluctuations can also create currency 
exposures and impact underlying costs and 
revenues. 

We are pleased to report that operations at OML 113 
have been largely uninterrupted by COVID19, which 
is a consequence of the safety procedures in place 
to protect workers. To steer ADM through the 
current low oil price environment, we have taken 
appropriate measures with a significant cost 
reduction plan, both at a corporate level and on the 
asset side, to streamline our operations while 
maintaining production levels. This flexibility ensures 
we remain profitable at an asset level and allows us 
to benefit from a positive forward curve in the oil 
price. As a result of these actions, ADM is now 
better positioned to execute its growth investment 
strategy, supported by a strong foundation of our 
quality oil producing asset. 

Promotion of the Company for the 
benefit of the members as a whole 

S172 of the Companies Act 2006 requires the Board 
to promote the Company for the benefit of the 
members as a whole. In particular, the requirements 
of S172 are for the Directors to: 

‣ Consider the likely consequences of any 

decision in the long term 

‣ Act fairly between the members of the 

Company 

‣ Maintain a reputation for high standards of 

business conduct 

‣ Consider the interests of the Company’s 

employees 

‣ Foster the Company’s relationships with 

suppliers, customers and others and 

12

Annual Report 2020

Chief Executive Officer’s Review  
And Strategic Report

‣ Consider the impact of the Company’s 
operations on the community and the 
environment.  

The Directors believe that during the year they have 
acted in the way most likely to promote the success 
of the Company for the benefit of its members as a 
whole and have adhered to the requirements set out 
above that are applicable to the Company given its 
scope of operations. Through its financing activities, 
the Board has ensured that the Company is 
sufficiently capitalised and has cash resources for 
its requirements, to ensure that the Company has a 
viable operating plan for the long term. Given the 
nature of the Company’s business, it has very few 
employees and the majority are themselves 
directors. The Board recognises that the Company’s 
employees are, nevertheless, critical to the success 
of the Company and takes steps to ensure that the 
interests of employees are protected. The Company 
does not deal directly with customers or suppliers in 
relation to its oil and gas field interests, save for its 
relationship with the operator for the OML 113 
licence. The Company acknowledges the 
importance of maintaining good relations with its 
suppliers and aims to settle all invoices in a timely 
manner. The Company’s approach to its 
responsibilities in respect of the impact of its 
operations on the community and environment is 
set out in “Our Sustainable Approach” on page 19. 

Going Concern 

At 31 December 2020, the Group recorded a loss for 
the year of £6,904,000 and had net current liabilities 
of £3,392,000, after allowing for cash balances of 
£30,000. 

Since the year end, the Group has raised additional 
equity funding of £1,220,000 and realised £850,000 
from the sale of investments to provide for working 
capital requirements, and the Directors have 
prepared cashflow forecasts for the period to 30 
September 2022 to assess whether the use of the 
going concern basis for the preparation of the 
financial statements is appropriate. In the short 

term, the Group will require further additional 
funding in order to meet its liabilities as they fall due 
and continue to operate as a going concern. The 
Directors have taken into consideration the level and 
timing of the Group’s working capital requirements 
(which takes into account recent reductions in costs 
and control of discretionary spending to preserve 
cash flow) and has also considered the likelihood of 
successfully securing funding to meet these needs. 
In particular, consideration has been given to 
ongoing discussions around further third-party 
investment and the extent to which these 
discussions are advanced both in respect of short 
and longer term funding. The Directors 
acknowledge that while they have an expectation 
that funding will be secured based on this 
assessment, at the date of approval of these 
financial statements, no such funding has been 
unconditionally committed. Therefore, while the 
Directors have a reasonable expectation that the 
Group has the ability to raise the additional finance 
required in order to continue in operational 
existence for the foreseeable future, the uncertainty 
surrounding the ability and likely timing of securing 
such finance indicates that a material uncertainty 
exists that may cast significant doubt on the Group’s 
ability to continue as a going concern. Were no such 
funding to be secured, the Group would have no 
realistic alternative but to halt operations and 
prepare its financial statements on a non-going 
concern basis.  

On behalf of the Board, 

OSAMEDE OKHOMINA 
DIRECTOR 

30 September 2021 

Annual Report 2020

13

 
Chief Financial Officer’s Review

The financial results of the Group were negatively 
impacted by lower oil prices due to the Covid crisis 
and lower lifting volume due to maintenance 
activities on the FPSO. Despite these challenges, 
lower operating costs somewhat mitigated the 
impact whilst continued assessment of mergers and 
acquisitions opportunities provide a solid foundation 
to build from in the future. We also recognised an 
impairment on the carrying value of our Aje asset.  

Revenue and profit 

For the year ended 31 December 2020, the Group’s 
revenue decreased by 68% to £0.8 million (2019 
£2.5 million). The lower revenue reflects a lower oil 
volume lifted from the FPSO as well as a lower 
realised oil price during the period. 

Operating costs decreased by 42% to £1.4 million 
(2019 £2.4 million) as cost-cutting initiatives were 
taken by the Aje partnership to mitigate the impact 
of low oil prices. 

However, administrative expenses increased by 52% 
to £2.6 million (2019 £1.7 million) as M&A evaluation 
activity increased substantially. 

An impairment of £4.6 million was recognised (2019 
nil) on our share of the Aje asset due to a change to 
a 'fair value' implied by the purchase price 
(excluding contingent portion) of the recently 
announced PetroNor E&P Ltd/Panoro Energy ASA 
(“Petronor/Panoro”)transaction, which as at 31 
December 2020 was considered by the Directors to 
represent the most relevant and reliable available 
indicator of value against a backdrop of market and 
operation uncertainty prevalent as at 31 December 
2020. 

An unrealised gain of £0.7 million was recognised 
(2019 nil) to reflect a 339% appreciation of the 
Group's minority stake in Superdielectrics implied by 
their October 2020 equity raise since the purchase 
of our stake in 20172018. This gain was realised 
post period end. 

As a result, the loss after taxation increased to £6.9 
million (2019 £1.7 million loss). The Directors do not 
propose a dividend (2019 £nil). 

14

Annual Report 2020

Chief Financial Officer’s Review

Cash flows and liquidity 

After adjusting for the conversion of warrants issued 
in settlement of fees and working capital 
movements, cash outflow from operating activities 
decreased to £0.95 million (2019 £1.5 million 
outflow). 

During the period, the Group raised additional equity 
of £0.85 million for general working capital 
purposes, and issued additional short-term debt of 
£0.3 million. 

As of 31 December 2020, the Group had cash and 
cash equivalents of £30,000 31 December 2019 
£15,000. 

Post period, in March 2021, the Group announced 
an equity fundraising of approximately £1,220,000.  

Outlook 

Following the successful acquisition of an additional 
interest in the Aje field from EER and of an indirect 
controlling interest in a risk-sharing contract for the 
development of the Barracuda discovery, the Group 

remains committed to pursuing other value- 
accretive acquisitions focused on producing and 
near-term production assets. 

In doing so, the Group will play to its strength by 
relying on our robust and highly experienced 
technical team, a deep-rooted presence in Nigeria 
and across Africa, and the unyielding support of our 
solid and committed funding partners. 

To this end, the Directors continue to review and 
assess acquisition opportunities and they are 
confident in the future expansion and enhancement 
of the Group's portfolio for the benefit of all 
shareholders. Despite the continued derating of the 
oil sector in the equity market, this strategy has the 
potential to deliver substantial value through cash 
flow distribution to shareholders. 

LIONEL THEROND 
 CFO 

30 September 2021 

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15

 
Board OF Directors

BOARD OF DIRECTORS 

OLIVER ANDREWS 
Non-Executive Chairman 

Oliver has over 35 years’ experience in infrastructure development, investing, 
public-private partnerships and strategic advisory work such as advising and 
partnering with governments, regional and international corporations and 
development finance institutions. During his career, he has overseen the 
investment of approximately US$10bn and originated US$100bn of 
investments in natural resources and infrastructure deals across the African 
continent on behalf of investee institutions. Oliver was formerly Executive 

Director and Chief Investment Officer at the Africa Finance Corporation, one of the biggest investors in 
natural resources and infrastructure solutions in Africa, where he oversaw the growth of assets under 
management from US$1bn to over US$8.4bn including significant investments in the oil and gas sector. 

OSAMEDE OKHOMINA 
Chief Executive Officer 

A Cambridge Philosophy graduate turned oil man, Osamede was appointed 
CEO of ADM Energy in July 2019. He has more than 20 years’ experience in 
the global oil and gas industry, particularly in Africa, financing projects and 
growing businesses. Osamede started his career at Terra Energy Services, 
helping to introduce new deep-water technologies in Nigeria. He is a founding 
partner of Africa-focused Energy Equity Resources, a partner investor of ADM 
Energy, where he has secured more than $300 million of direct foreign 

investment into Nigerian oil and gas. He brings considerable government expertise and connections to the 
ADM Energy board. 

RICHARD CARTER 
Chief Operating Officer 

Richard is a qualified accountant with extensive experience of raising funds for 
public and private companies. He has worked and advised across media, 
telecoms, engineering and energy sectors in various corporate finance and 
investor relations roles. As Chief Operating Officer, Richard supports the CEO 
and management team with its regulatory functions. 

16

Annual Report 2020

 
Board OF Directors

MANUEL LAMBOLEY 
Independent Non-Executive Director 

Manuel is a financier with over 30 years’ experience in international broking 
and investment banking. He previously served as Head of the Geneva office of 
Williams de Broe and has held senior positions at Bank Julius Bar, Kidder 
Peabody, Paine Webber International and Prudential-Bache Securities. Manuel 
has long- standing relationships with major investors and financial advisers 
worldwide, with a particular focus on the natural resources sector. He is a non-
executive director of Alba Minerals plc and has been a non- executive director 

of several other listed companies in the mining and energy sectors, including International Mining & 
Infrastructure Corporation plc, and was also previously an independent director of UK-based African Aura 
Resources Limited. 

DR STEFAN LIEBING 
Independent Non-Executive Director 

Dr Stefan Liebing is the Chairman of Afrika-Verein der deutschen Wirtschaft 
e.V., the prestigious German- African Business Association, where as part of 
his role, he advises the German Government on investment in Africa. He 
chaired the G20 Compact with Africa investment summits in 2018 and 2019, 
held under the patronage of Chancellor Angela Merkel. Dr Liebing is the CEO 
of Conjuncta GmbH, a boutique investment and project development 
company. Previously, Dr Liebing was a Director of International Gas Business at 

EnBW Energie Baden-Wuerttemberg AG, one of the largest energy supply companies in Europe. Previously 
he held various senior positions at Royal Dutch Shell. 

LORD BELLINGHAM 
Independent Non-Executive Director 

Lord Bellingham has enjoyed a distinguished Parliamentary career of almost 
40 years and held a number of senior positions including: Foreign Office 
Minister for Africa, The UN, Caribbean, Overseas Territories and Conflict 
Issues; Chairman of the Westminster Foundation for Democracy; Chairman of 
the All-Party Group on the Commonwealth; and the Prime Minister`s Trade 
Envoy to Libya. In 2016, he was Knighted in the New Year Honours list for 
Parliamentary and Political Service. He sits in the House of Lords after being 

awarded a Life Peerage in 2020.In addition to his Parliamentary career, Lord Bellingham has held several 
non-executive roles on AIM companies and, until recently, was Non-executive Chairman of Pathfinder 
Minerals plc since 2014. Prior to entering Parliament, Lord Bellingham practised as a barrister having 
graduated from Magdalene College, Cambridge with a master’s degree in Law. 

Annual Report2020

17

 
Investment Approach

INVESTMENT APPROACH 

Investment Policy  

The Company will seek to invest in opportunities 
within the natural resources sector, the oil services, 
power and energy sectors and in technology 
opportunities related to these sectors that the 
Directors believe either are of strategic value or 
represent a significant value opportunity. The 
Company is prepared to take an active role in its 
investments where it is deemed to be appropriate. 

The Directors plan to adopt a flexible approach, 
both as to the form of the Company’s investments 
and the subject of its investments. The investments 
may be in quoted and unquoted companies. This 
includes making investments in other quoted 
investment companies focused on the natural 
resources, power and energy sectors or related 
technologies, including those with no significant 
assets other than cash. The Directors believe that 
investing in these other investing companies will 
provide the Company with greater scope to make 
and support its investment strategy. 

The Company’s investments may take the form of 
equity, debt, convertible instruments, options and 
licence rights. Possible investments could include 
direct or indirect investments in permits and 
licences, exploration, mining and production 
operations and processing and development 
projects. 

The Company may make direct investments in 
private or quoted companies and indirect 
investments via quoted companies, unquoted 
companies seeking a public quotation and 
candidates for reverse transactions into quoted 

investment companies. The Company may invest in 
these types of opportunities through acquisitions, 
partnerships, joint venture arrangements, as 
finance for management buy-outs or buy-ins, as 
finance for pre-IPO, seed and underwriting 
positions. 

Such investments may result in the Company 
acquiring the whole or part of a company or 
project. The Company will consider opportunities 
anywhere in the world. 

The Company expects to be an active investor in 
situations where the Company can make a clear 
contribution to the progress and development of 
the investment. In respect of other, principally more 
substantial opportunities, the Company expects to 
be a passive investor. 

The Company intends to invest for the medium to 
long-term. However, should an opportunity arise to 
realise its investments, the Company will consider 
these on a case-by-case basis and seek to 
maximise value for shareholders. The Directors 
intend to hold all investments for a minimum of 30 
days. Other than set out above, there are no 
restrictions on the Company’s investment policy. 

The Company intends to utilise industry experts in 
the analysis of proposed investments, and it is 
intended that the decision-making process will be a 
collegiate, team-based approach, driven by 
intrinsic value or informed opinion. 

18

Annual Report 2020

Investment Approach

Our Sustainable Approach  

ADM Energy is committed to the highest standards of corporate social responsibility in its investing 
policy. Working alongside its partners, the Company strives to ensure the safety of all staff and 
contractors, while minimising environmental impact, for the benefit of the communities in which it works 
and all its stakeholders. 

ADM conducts its investment operations in a responsible and transparent manner. Being socially responsible 
is a key component in the Company’s business and its achievements. This includes not only adherence to 
Government legislation and Company policies, but must extend to acceptance that ADM is, in all the projects 
in which it holds an investment, a neighbour in established communities and environments. 

The Company is conscious of the impact to the environment and local communities that oil and gas activities 
may have and aims to minimise and constantly reduce these effects. The projects in which ADM invests 
comply with all existing laws, regulations and permits. By making continuous improvements, the Company’s 
ambition is to set a good example in the markets where it is active. ADM’s focus in its projects is 
environmental protection, pollution prevention and human health. The Company’s actions are characterised 
by respect for the cultures of the regions in which it operates. ADM is committed to maintaining an open 
dialogue over the environmental aspects of its investments and the operations of the partners in these 
projects with all stakeholders. 

Annual Report 2020

19

 
  
Directors’ Report

share warrants are included in the Report on 
Directors’ Remuneration. 

Name of director

Peter Francis

Ordinary 
shares of 
1p each 
Number

1,946,212

Osamede Okhomina

1,015,909

Richard Carter

Dr Stefan Liebing

Lord Bellingham

627,575

136,364

186,364

Percentage 
 of capital 
%

1.59%

0.83%

0.51%

0.11%

0.15%

As referred to in Post year-end events, subsequent 
to the year-end Peter Francis, Osamede Okhomina, 
Richard Carter and Dr Stefan Liebing participated in 
a fund raising on 24 March 2021, and on 4 May 
2021 Osamede Okhomina acquired a further 
480,446 shares. The resulting shareholdings of the 
directors at the date of this report are: 

Name of director

Peter Francis

Ordinary 
shares of 
1p each 
Number

3,122,683

Osamede Okhomina

2,676,826

Richard Carter

Dr Stefan Liebing

Lord Bellingham

1,098,163

489,305

186,364

Percentage 
 of capital 
%

1.98%

1.70%

0.70%

0.31%

0.12%

SUBSTANTIAL SHAREHOLDINGS 

The only interests in excess of 3% of the issued 
share capital of the Company which have been 
notified to the Company as at 27 September 2021 
were as follows: 

DIRECTORS’S 
REPORT 

The Directors present their annual report on the 
affairs of the Group, together with the financial 
statements for the year ended 31 December 2020. 

Certain information required by the Companies Act 
2006 relating to the information to be provided in 
the Directors’ Report is set out in the Strategic 
Report and includes principal activity, future 
developments and principal risks and uncertainties. 

DIRECTORS 

The Board comprised the following directors who 
served throughout the year and up to the date of 
this report unless otherwise stated.  

Oliver Andrews

Appointed 2 August 2021

Osamede Okhomina

Richard Carter

Manuel Lamboley 

Lord Bellingham

Appointed 29 July 2020

Dr Stefan Liebing

Appointed 22 July 2020

Peter Francis

Sergio Lopez

Resigned 2 August 2021

Resigned 22 July 2020

DIRECTORS’ INTERESTS 

Set out below are the Directors’ beneficial holdings 
of ordinary shares in the Company as at 31 
December 2020. Their interests in the Company’s 

20

Annual Report 2020

Directors’ Report

Name of 
shareholder

Hessia Group 
Limited

Align Research 
Limited & related 
parties – RS & CA 
Jennings

Euro Americas 
Securities Limited

Calabar Capital 
Limited

Ordinary 
shares of 
1p each 
Number

Percentage 
 of capital 
%

28,982,636

18.39%

11,813,122

7.50%

6,000,000

3.81%

5,657,912

3.89%

POST YEAR END EVENTS 

On 29 January 2021, the company announced that 
it had extended its strategic alliance with Trafigura 
Pte Ltd for conditional financing of up to $120 
million by twelve months. 

On 24 March 2021, the Company announced that it 
had raised approximately £1,220,000 of equity 
issuing 28,710,250 ordinary shares at a price of 
4.25 pence per share. 

On 8 April 2021, the Company announced that it 
had issued 443,627 ordinary shares to a participant 
of the £200,000 loan facility announced on 27 April 
2020 and the £200,000 loan facility announced on 
25 August 2020 to settle the £15,000 interest 
accrued on the loans. 208,333 ordinary shares 
were issued at a price of 2.4 pence per share and 
235,294 ordinary shares were issued at a price of 
4.25 pence per share. 

On 28 April 2021, the Company announce the 
completion of the Barracuda Field transaction 
acquiring a 51% interest in KONH UK Ltd which 
holds a 70% interest in the rights, benefits and 
obligations under the risk sharing agreement for 
the development of the large-scale Barracuda Field 
in OML 141. As part of the consideration 5,657,912 

ordinary shares were issued at a price of 7 pence 
per share. 

On 4th May 2021, the Company announced that 
CEO Osa Okhomina purchased 480,446 ordinary 
shares at 3.45 pence per share. 

On 20 May 2021, the company announced the 
disposal of its interest in Superdielectrics Ltd selling 
188,778 shares at a price of £4.50 per share. 

On 22 June 2021, the Company announced that it 
had extended 2 loan agreements. £100,000 had 
been extended to 31 December 2021, and 
£100,000 had been extended to 30 June 2022. 
4,705,882 new warrants were issued in respect of 
the loan extension.  

STATEMENT OF DIRECTORS’ 

RESPONSIBILITIES 

The Directors are responsible for preparing the 
report of the directors and the financial statements 
in accordance with applicable law and regulations. 

Company law requires the Directors to prepare 
Group and Company financial statements for each 
financial year. The Directors are required by the AIM 
Rules of the London Stock Exchange to prepare 
group financial statements in accordance with 
International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) 
as adopted by the European Union (“EU”) and have 
also elected to prepare the Company financial 
statements in accordance with IFRS as adopted by 
the EU. Under company law, the directors must not 
approve the financial statements unless they are 
satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the 
state of affairs and profit or loss of the company 
and group for that period. In preparing these 
financial statements, the Directors are required to: 
‣ select suitable accounting policies and then 

apply them consistently; 

‣ make judgments and accounting estimates 

that are reasonable and prudent; 

Annual Report 2020

21

 
Directors’ Report

‣ state whether applicable IFRSs have been 
followed, subject to any material departures 
disclosed and explained in the financial 
statements; and 

‣ prepare the financial statements on the 

going concern basis unless it is inappropriate 
to presume that the Group will continue in 
business. 

The Directors are responsible for keeping adequate 
accounting records that are sufficient to show and 
explain the Group’s transactions and disclose with 
reasonable accuracy at any time the financial 
position of the Group and enable them to ensure 
that the financial statements comply with the 
Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for 
safeguarding the assets of the Group and hence for 
taking reasonable steps for the prevention and 
detection of fraud and other irregularities. 

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 

Corporate governance regulations apply to all AIM 
quoted companies and require the Company to:  
‣ provide details of a recognised corporate 

governance code that the board of directors 
has decided to apply; and 

‣ explain how the Company complies with that 
code, and where it departs from its chosen 
corporate governance code provide an 
explanation of the reasons for doing so. 

The Directors recognise the importance of sound 
corporate governance while taking into account the 
Group’s size and stage of development and the 
following two sections explain the Company’s 
compliance with these regulations. 

In the case of each person who was a director at 
the time, this report was approved:  

AUDITORS 

‣ so far as that director is aware there is no 
relevant audit information of which the 
Group’s auditor is unaware; and 

‣ that director has taken all steps that the 

director ought to have taken as a director to 
make himself aware of any relevant audit 
information and to establish that the Group’s 
auditor is aware of that information. 

The Directors are responsible for the maintenance 
and integrity of the corporate and financial 
information included on the Group’s website. 
Legislation in the United Kingdom governing the 
preparation and dissemination of financial 
statements may differ from legislation in other 
jurisdictions.  

A resolution to re-appoint Haysmacintyre LLP as 
auditors will be put to the AGM. 

On behalf of the Board, 

OSAMEDE OKHOMINA 
DIRECTOR 

30 September 2021 

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Corporate Governance Report

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT 

INTRODUCTION 

All members of the Board believe strongly in the value and importance of good corporate governance and in 
accountability to all of ADM Energy’s stakeholders. The statement below, explains the approach to 
governance, and how the Board and its Committees operate. 

The corporate governance framework which the Company operates, including board leadership and 
effectiveness, board remuneration, and internal control is based upon practices which the Board believes are 
proportional to the size, risks, complexity and operations of the business and is reflective of the Group’s 
values. Of the two widely recognised formal codes, we have therefore decided to adhere to the Quoted 
Companies Alliance’s (QCA Corporate Governance Code for small and mid-size quoted companies (revised 
in April 2018 to meet the new requirements of AIM Rule 26. 

The QCA Code is constructed around ten broad principles and a set of disclosures. The QCA has stated 
what it considers to be appropriate arrangements for growing companies and asks companies to provide an 
explanation about how they are meeting the principles through the prescribed disclosures. We have 
considered how we apply each principle to the extent that the Board judges these to be appropriate in the 
circumstances, and below we provide an explanation of the approach taken in relation to each. 

The following paragraphs set out the Company’s compliance with the ten principles of the QCA Code.  

•

Establish a strategy and business model which promotes long-term value for 
shareholders 

The Company is an investing company quoted on AIM. Its principal focus is investing in the natural resources 
sector, particularly in oil and gas where it believes that it can make an attractive return for shareholders. The 
Company expects to generate returns for shareholders through the development of its investments. 
Currently, the Company’s principal investment is in the Nigerian offshore licence OML 113 and to date the 
Company has been involved with maintaining and progressing its investment in OML 113 together with the 
joint operators from the development stage through to production. It is therefore expected that a return to 
shareholders will be delivered principally through capital growth. 

The Board recognises that a challenge of the natural resource sector is the significant time and financial 
investment often required to commercialise a resource or reserve. In respect of OML 113, the Company is a 
small but important stakeholder and therefore a key challenge is to continually appraise the OML 113 
opportunity from a financial and technical standpoint and to ensure that all further investment in this asset 
delivers realistic value opportunities for all shareholders.  

•

Seek to understand and meet shareholder needs and expectations 

The Board is committed to maintaining good communication and having constructive dialogue with its 
shareholders. Shareholders 

Annual Report 2020

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Corporate Governance Report

have the opportunity to discuss issues and provide feedback at meetings with the Company. In addition, all 
shareholders are encouraged to attend the Company’s Annual General Meeting (“AGM”). Investors also have 
access to current information on the Company through its website, www.admenergyplc.com and via 
Osamede Okhomina, CEO who is available to answer investor relations enquiries and can be contacted on 
osamede@admenergyplc.com or hello@admenergyplc.com. 

•

Take into account wider stakeholder and social responsibilities and their 
implications for long-term success 

The Board recognises that the long-term success of the Company is reliant upon the efforts of its directors 
and employees, the efforts and activities of the joint operation partners and upon their contractors, suppliers 
and regulators. The Board has put in place a range of processes and systems to ensure that there is close 
Board oversight and contact with its key resources and relationships. 

As an investing company, the Company recognises that it is likely further investment will be required as it 
develops the OML 113 asset and its portfolio of other investments. Accordingly, ensuring that the Company 
continually understands the requirements of shareholders in the context of the broader developments in its 
sector of operation is extremely important. 

The Company’s CEO is in regular dialogue with a number of the Company’s shareholders, and feedback from 
this contact is used to shape subsequent communication with shareholders as a whole and the market more 
generally. 

•

Embed effective risk management, considering both opportunities and threats, 
throughout the organisation 

In addition to its other roles and responsibilities, the Audit and Compliance Committee (see composition 
details in Corporate Governance section of website, www.admenergyplc.com,) is responsible to the Board 
for ensuring that procedures are in place, and are being effectively implemented to identify, evaluate and 
manage the significant risks faced by the Company. Within the scope of the annual audit, specific financial 
risks are evaluated in detail, including in relation to foreign currency, interest rates, liquidity and credit. 

In terms of investment appraisal, this process is usually led by the CEO and COO. The opportunities are then 
presented and discussed by the Board as a whole. Where necessary, the Company will also involve third 
party experts in the overall appraisal process. 

The Directors have established procedures, as represented by this statement, for the purpose of providing a 
system of internal control. In addition, there are a range of Company policies that are reviewed at least 
annually by the Board. These policies cover matters such as share dealing and insider legislation. The Board 
currently takes the view that an internal audit function is not considered necessary or practical due to the 
size of the Company and the close day to day control exercised by the Directors. However, the Board will 
continue to monitor the need for an internal audit function. 

The annual review of internal control and financial reporting procedures did not highlight any issues 
warranting the introduction of an internal audit function. It was concluded, given the current size and 
transparency of the operations of the Company, that an internal audit function was not required. As noted in 

24

Annual Report 2020

Corporate Governance Report

the Strategic Report on pages 913, the Board regularly reviews operating and strategic risks and considers 
in such reviews financial and non-financial information including:  

‣ a review of the business at each Board meeting, focusing on any new decisions/risks arising; 
‣ the performance of investments; 
‣ selection criteria of new investments; and 
‣ reports prepared by third parties. 

•             Maintain the Board as a well-functioning, balanced team led by the Chair 

The QCA Code requires that the boards of AIM companies have an appropriate balance between executive 
and non-executive directors of which at least two should be independent. 

The Board comprises Non-Executive Chairman Oliver Andrews, CEO Osamede Okhomina, COO Richard 
Carter, and Non-Executive Directors Lord Henry Bellingham, Dr Stefan Liebing and Manuel Lamboley. The 
time commitment formally required by the Company is an overriding principal that each director will devote 
as much time as is required to carry out the roles and responsibilities that the director has agreed to take on. 
Biographical details of the current directors are set out within Principle Six below and on pages 1617. 
Executive and non-executive directors are subject to re-election intervals as prescribed in the Company’s 
Articles of Association. At each Annual General Meeting, one-third of the Directors, who are subject to 
retirement by rotation shall retire from office. They can then offer themselves for re-election. The letters of 
appointment of all directors are available for inspection at the Company’s registered office during normal 
business hours. 

The Directors’ receive fees for their services as directors which are approved by the Board, being mindful of 
the time commitment and responsibilities of their roles and of current market rates for comparable 
organisations and appointments. 

The Directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and 
explain the Company’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position 
of the Company and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 
2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Company and hence for taking 
reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities. 

The Board meets as regularly as necessary. It has established an Audit and Compliance Committee and a 
Remuneration Committee, particulars of which appear hereafter. Appointments to the Board are made by the 
Board as a whole and so the Company has not created a Nominations Committee. 

The Board retains full control of the Company with day-to-day operational control delegated to the CEO and 
other Directors.  

•

Ensure that between them the Directors have the necessary up-to-date 
experience, skills and capabilities 

All members of the Board bring either relevant sector experience or public market’s experience which the 
Company considers to be fundamentally important in its chosen area of operation and investment appraisal 

Annual Report 2020

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Corporate Governance Report

process. The Board believes that its blend of relevant experience, skills and personal qualities and 
capabilities is sufficient to enable it to successfully execute its strategy. Please see biographies of the Board 
of Directors on pages 1617. 

•

Evaluate board performance based on clear and relevant objectives, seeking 
continuous improvement 

Internal evaluation of the Board, its Committees and individual directors is important and will develop as the 
Company grows in the future. The expectation is that Board reviews will be undertaken on an annual basis to 
determine the effectiveness and performance in various areas as well as the directors’ continued 
independence. 

•

Promote a corporate culture that is based on ethical values and behaviours 

The Board recognises that its decisions regarding strategy and risk will impact the corporate culture of the 
Company as a whole and that this will impact the performance of the Company. The Board is very aware 
that the tone and culture set by the Board will greatly impact all aspects of the Company as a whole. 
Therefore, the importance of sound ethical values and behaviour is crucial to the ability of the Company to 
successfully achieve its corporate objectives. The Board places great importance on this aspect of corporate 
life and seeks to ensure that this flows through all that the Company does. The Board assessment of the 
culture within the Company at the present time is one where there is respect for all individuals, open 
dialogue within the Company and a commitment to best practice. 

The Company has also adopted an anti-bribery policy which is clearly set out on the Company’s website. 

•

Maintain governance structures and processes that are fit for purpose and support 
good decision-making by the Board 

The Board schedule provides for six board meetings per annum and, in addition, meets ad-hoc as required. 
Notwithstanding the above, the Board and its Committees receive appropriate and timely information prior to 
each meeting; a formal agenda is produced for each meeting, and Board and Committee papers are 
distributed several days before meetings take place. Any Director may challenge Company proposals and 
decisions are taken democratically after discussion. Any Director who feels that any concern remains 
unresolved after discussion may ask for that concern to be noted in the minutes of the meeting, which are 
then circulated to all Directors. Any specific actions arising from such meetings are agreed by the Board or 
relevant Committee and then followed up by the Company’s management. 

The Audit and Compliance Committee monitors the integrity of financial statements, oversees risk 
management and control, and reviews external auditor independence. It also ensures that the Company is 
compliant with its relevant regulatory requirements. 

The Non-Executive Chairman has overall responsibility for corporate governance and in promoting high 
standards throughout the group. He leads and chairs the Board, ensuring that committees are properly 
structured and operate with appropriate terms of reference, ensures that performance of individual directors, 
the board and its committees are reviewed on a regular basis, leads in the development of strategy and 
setting objectives, and oversees communication between the group and its shareholders. 

26

Annual Report 2020

Corporate Governance Report

The Executive Directors are responsible for implementing and delivering the strategy and operational 
decisions agreed by the board, making operational and financial decisions required in the day-to-day 
operation of the group, providing executive leadership to managers, championing the group’s core values 
and promoting talent management. 

The Non-Executive Directors contribute independent thinking and judgement through the application of 
their external experience and knowledge, scrutinise the performance of management, provide constructive 
challenge to the executive directors and ensure that the group is operating within the governance and risk 
framework approved by the Board. 

The Board has approved the adoption of the QCA Code as its governance framework against which this 
statement has been prepared and will monitor the suitability of this code on an annual basis and revise its 
governance framework as appropriate as the group evolves. 

•

Communicate how the Company is governed and is performing by maintaining a 
dialogue with shareholders and other relevant stakeholders 

The Company communicates with shareholders through its period announcement, the Annual Report and 
Accounts, full-year and half-year announcements, the AGM and one-to-one meetings with large existing or 
potential new shareholders. A range of corporate information (including all Company announcements and 
presentations) is also available to shareholders, investors and the public on the Company’s corporate 
website, www.admenergyplc.com. 

Annual Report 2020

27

 
Chairman’s Corporate Governance Statement

CHAIRMAN’S CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 
STATEMENT 

The Board is committed, where practicable, to 
developing and applying high standards of 
corporate governance appropriate to the Company’s 
size and stage of development. The Board seeks to 
apply where appropriate the QCA Code as devised 
by the Quoted Companies Alliance. 

The QCA Code is constructed around ten broad 
principles and a set of disclosures. The Code states 
what is considered to be appropriate arrangements 
for growing companies and asks companies to 
provide an explanation about how they are meeting 
the principles through the prescribed disclosures.   

BOARD STRUCTURE  

The Board has six directors, four of whom are non-
executive. The Board is responsible for the 
management of the business of the Company, 
setting its strategic direction and establishing 
appropriate policies. It is the Directors’ responsibility 
to oversee the financial position of the Company 
and monitor its business and affairs, on behalf of the 
shareholders, to whom they are accountable. The 
primary duty of the Board is to act in the best 
interests of the Company at all times. The Board 
also addresses issues relating to internal controls 
and risk management. The non-executive directors 
bring a wide range of skills and experience to the 
Company, as well as independent judgment on 
strategy, risk and performance. The independence 
of each non-executive director is assessed at least 
annually, and all of the non-executive directors are 
considered to be independent at the date of this 
report. 

The roles of the Chairman and CEO are separate, 
with their roles and responsibilities clearly divided 
and recorded. A summary of their roles is as follows: 

The Chairman is responsible for leadership of the 
Board, ensuring its effectiveness and setting its 
agenda. The Chairman facilitates the effective 
contribution and performance of all Board members 
whilst identifying any development needs of the 
Board. He also ensures that there is sufficient and 
effective communication with shareholders to 
understand their issues and concerns. 

The CEO is responsible for executing the strategy 
agreed by the Board and developing the Group 
objectives through leadership of the senior 
executive team. He will recommend to the Board 
any investment or new business opportunities which 
meet this strategy. He also ensures that the Group’s 
risks are adequately addressed and appropriate 
internal controls are in place. The CEO is responsible 
for meeting with shareholders and ensuring 
effective communication. 

ATTENDANCE AT MEETINGS 

It is expected that all Directors attend Board and 
relevant Committee meetings, unless they are 
prevented from doing so by prior commitments, and 
that all Directors will attend the AGM. 

During the year the Board met 8 times and all the 
Directors attended the meetings. 

BOARD COMMITTEES  

Remuneration Committee  

The Remuneration Committee consists of Oliver 
Andrews (Committee Chairman) and Manuel 
Lamboley. It is responsible for reviewing the 
performance of the senior executives and for 

28

Annual Report 2020

Chairman’s Corporate Governance Statement

determining their levels of remuneration. The 
Committee makes recommendations to the Board, 
within agreed terms of reference regarding the 
levels of remuneration and benefits. 

Remuneration Committee Report 

On behalf of the Board, I am pleased to present the 
Remuneration Committee report for the financial 
period ended 31 December 2020. This report sets 
out the activities of the Remuneration Committee 
during 2020. 

The Committee met twice during the year to 
determine the remuneration arrangements of the 
Directors and senior employees. 

Remuneration policy 

The Committee aims to ensure that total 
remuneration is set at an appropriate level for the 
Group and its operations. The objectives and core 
principles of the remuneration policy are to: 

‣ ensure remuneration levels support the 

Group’s strategy; 

‣ ensure that there is an appropriate link 
between performance and reward; 
‣ ensure alignment of Directors, senior 

management and shareholder interests; 
‣ ensure that long-term incentives are linked to 

shareholder return; 

‣ enable the Group to recruit, retain and 
motivate individuals with the skills, 
capabilities and experience to achieve its 
objectives; and 

‣ strengthen teamwork by enabling all 

employees to share in the success of the 
business. 

There are four elements of the remuneration 
package for Executive Directors and senior 
management: 

‣ basic annual salary; 
‣ benefits in kind; 
‣ discretionary annual bonus; and 
‣ long-term incentive plan. 

Audit Committee  

The Audit Committee consists of Oliver Andrews 
(Committee Chairman) and Richard Carter. The 
Audit Committee meets at least twice a year to 
consider the annual and interim financial statements 
and the audit plan. The Audit Committee is 
responsible for ensuring that appropriate financial 
reporting procedures are properly maintained and 
reported upon, reviewing accounting policies and 
for meeting the auditors and reviewing their reports 
relating to the financial statements and internal 
control systems. 

Audit Committee Report 

On behalf of the Board, I am pleased to present the 
Audit Committee report for the financial period 
ended 31 December 2020. This report sets out the 
activities of the Audit Committee during 2020. 

The Audit Committee is governed by terms of 
reference which are agreed by the Board and 
subject to annual review. 

Principle responsibilities of the committee: 
‣ Ensuring the financial performance of the 
Group is properly reviewed, measured and 
reported; 

‣ Monitoring the quality and adequacy of 

internal controls and internal control systems 
implemented across the Group; 

‣ Receive and review reports from the Group’s 
management and auditors relating to the 
interim and annual accounts; 

Annual Report 2020

29

 
Chairman’s Corporate Governance Statement

‣ Reviewing risk management policies and 

systems; 

‣ Advising on the appointment, re-appointment 
and remuneration of independent external 
auditors, besides scheduling meetings with 
external auditors independent of 
management for discussions and reviews; 
and 

‣ Reviewing and monitoring the extent and 
independence of non-audit services 
rendered by external auditors. 

Areas of focus during 2020 

The Committee met three times in 2020 to execute 
its responsibilities. Meetings focussed on audit 
planning, risk management, internal controls and the 
approval of the interim and final results including the 
key judgements associated with acquisition 
accounting, asset impairment review assumptions 
and calculations, creditor completeness reviews and 
the going concern requirements and statement. 

Internal controls and risk 

The Board assigns to the Committee the 
responsibility of monitoring and improving the 
Group’s internal controls governing the finances of 
the business. The system of internal controls is vital 
in managing the risks that face the Group and 
safeguarding shareholders’ interests. 

Audit Process 

The Committee reviews the findings of 
Haysmacintyre LLP and then approves the scope of 
work to be undertaken for the next financial 
reporting year, including the associated audit fees. 
In addition, a review of the effectiveness of the 
external audit process is undertaken and an annual 
assessment of the external auditor’s independence 
is made. 

COMPANY CULTURE AND ETHICS 

The Board of Directors seeks to embody and 
promote a corporate culture that is based on sound 
ethical values and behaviours. A culture of ethics 
and compliance is at the core of a strong risk 
management program. 

The Board of Directors of ADM Energy plc has 
adopted this code of ethics, to promote honest and 
ethical conduct, including the ethical handling of 
actual or apparent conflicts of interest; promote the 
full, fair, accurate, timely and understandable 
disclosure of the Company’s financial results in 
accordance with applicable disclosure standards; 
promote compliance with applicable governmental 
laws, rules and regulations; and deter wrongdoing. 

OLIVER ANDREWS 
NON-EXECUTIVE CHAIRMAN 

30 September 2021  

30

Annual Report 2020

 
                                           
Report On Directors’ Remuneration

REPORT ON DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION 

REMUNERATION 

The remuneration of the Directors has been fixed by the Board as a whole. The Board seeks to provide 
appropriate reward for the skill and time commitment required so as to retain the right calibre of director at a 
cost to the Group, which reflects current market rates. 

The Board is responsible for the overall remuneration package for the Executive and Non-Executive 
Directors. The Company’s remuneration policy is set out on page 29. 

DIRECTORS’ EMOLUMENTS 

Details of the remuneration package of each Director for the year are set out below: 

2020

2020

2020

2020

2019

Fees and  
emoluments

Pension 
 contributions

Termination 
payment

Total 
remuneration

Total 
remuneration

£’000

£’000

£’000

£’000

50

240

184

30

13

13

47

−

577

−

35

24

−

−

−

−

−

59

−

−

−

−

−

−

−

10

10

50

275

208

30

13

13

47

10

646

2

106

149

8

−

−

76

399

740

Director

Peter Francis*

Osamede Okhomina

Richard Carter

Manuel Lamboley

Lord Bellingham

Dr Stefan Liebing

Directors who left 
during year:

Sergio Lopez

Stefan Olivier

PENSIONS 

No pension contributions were paid in respect of the directors for the year ended 31 December 2020 2019 
£nil). 

*Peter Francis stepped down from his Board position in 2021. 

On behalf of the Board, 
OLIVER ANDREWS 
NON-EXECUTIVE CHAIRMAN 
30 September 2021 

Annual Report 2020

31

 
Report Of The Independent Auditor  
To The Members Of Adm Energy Plc

REPORT OF THE INDEPENDENT AUDITOR 
TO THE MEMBERS OF ADM ENERGY PLC 

OPINION 

We have audited the financial statements of ADM Energy Plc (the ‘parent Company’) and its subsidiaries (the 
‘Group’) for the year ended 31 December 2020 which comprise the group income statement and statement 
of comprehensive income, the group and company statements of financial position, the group statement of 
changes in equity, the company statement of changes in equity, the group and company statements of cash 
flows, and notes to the financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies. The 
financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and International 
Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union. 

In our opinion, the financial statements: 

‣ give a true and fair view of the state of the group’s and of the parent company’s affairs as at 31 

December 2020 and of the group’s loss for the year then ended; 

‣ have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the European Union; and 
‣ have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006. 

BASIS FOR OPINION 

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK ISAs (UK and 
applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s 
responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the 
group in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in 
the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard as applied to listed entities, and we have fulfilled our other 
ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have 
obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. 

32

Annual Report 2020

Report Of The Independent Auditor  
To The Members Of Adm Energy Plc

MATERIAL UNCERTAINTY RELATED TO GOING CONCERN 

We draw attention to note 2 in the financial statements, which discloses that the Group requires additional 
funding in the immediate future to meet its liabilities as they fall due, and that such funding has not yet been 
secured. These events or conditions, along with other matters set forth in note 2, indicate that a material 
uncertainty exists that may cast significant doubt on the company’s ability to continue as a going concern. 
Our opinion is not modified in respect of this matter. 

In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors’ use of the going concern basis of 
accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate. Our evaluation of the directors’ 
assessment of the Group’s ability to continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting included 
reviewing and challenging cash flow forecasts prepared by management covering the period to 30 
September 2022, considering the completeness of forecast expenditure and cash flow requirements for the 
forecast periods and assessing the availability of stated sources of funding for the Group. 

Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in 
the relevant sections of this report. 

AN OVERVIEW OF THE SCOPE OF OUR AUDIT 

Our audit approach is based on obtaining and maintaining a thorough understanding of the Group’s business, 
structure and scope in order to undertake a risk based audit approach. This approach requires us to identify 
relevant and appropriate significant risks of material misstatement and determine the most appropriate 
tailored responses to this risk assessment. The extent of our work is determined by the level of risk in each 
area and our assessment of materiality as discussed in this report. 

The Group comprises a parent holding company and trading subsidiary (PR Oil & Gas Nigeria Limited) 
together with two dormant subsidiaries. 

Our audit scope included all components and was performed to group materiality, which is different to parent 
company materiality (as laid out below). All components included the group financial statements were 
subject to audit by Haysmacintyre LLP either on a statutory basis or at group level. 

We did not identify any key audit matters relating to irregularities, including fraud. We introduced variability 
into our audit tests and assessed the risk of management override on internal controls, including testing 
journals and evaluating whether there was evidence of bias by the directors that represented a risk of 
material misstatement due to fraud. 

Based on our understanding of the Group our audit was focused on the key risks as described below. 

KEY AUDIT MATTERS 

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit 
of the financial statements of the current period and include the most significant assessed risks of material 
misstatement (whether or not due to fraud) we identified, including those which had the greatest effect on: 
the overall audit strategy, the allocation of resources in the audit; and directing the efforts of the 

Annual Report 2020

33

 
Report Of The Independent Auditor  
To The Members Of Adm Energy Plc

engagement team. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a 
whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.  

In addition to going concern, described in the material uncertainty related to going concern section above, 
we determined the matters described below to be the key audit matters to be communicated in our report. 

Valuation of the intangible asset

Key audit matter

The ability of the Group to realise the carrying value of its intangible assets held at 31 
December 2020 may be adversely affected by various factors such as there being a 
sustained decline in global oil and gas prices, and difficulties in obtaining investment to 
fund further site development. 

Audit response

Our audit work included, but was not restricted to the following: 

‣ We reviewed a valuation of the Group’s development assets prepared by 

management in conjunction with various valuation methodologies, including value in 
use calculations, competent persons’ reports and observable market transactions. 

‣ We considered and challenged the appropriateness of management’s selection of 
the most reliable valuation methodology and how this related to the carrying value 
of intangible assets in the Group’s Statement of Financial Position. 

Valuation of liabilities

Key audit matter

The Group recognises liabilities in respect of its cost sharing obligations under the joint 
operating agreement governing its interest in the OML 113 offshore license. These 
liabilities have increased with the Group’s acquisition of an additional interest during the 
year. There is a risk that changes in the Group’s interest arising during the year and 
calculation errors may result in the balance being materially misstated. 

Audit response

Our audit work included, but was not restricted to the following: 

‣ We reviewed management’s reconciliation of its OML 113 cost sharing liabilities and 

sought external confirmation as to their validity. 

‣ We agreed a selection of inputs into this reconciliation to supporting audit evidence. 
‣ We assessed the adequacy of disclosure of any uncertainties associated with this 

balance. 

EMPHASIS OF MATTER 

We draw attention to notes 2 and 22 of the financial statements which disclose the uncertainty with, and the 
use of judgement and estimation associated with an ongoing audit of historic cash calls on the OML 113 
project and that accordingly, prospective changes in the Group’s liability position may arise. 

34

Annual Report 2020

Report Of The Independent Auditor  
To The Members Of Adm Energy Plc

OUR APPLICATION OF MATERIALITY 

We apply the concept of materiality both in planning and performing our audit, in evaluating the effect of 
misstatements. We consider materiality to be the magnitude by which misstatements, including omissions, 
could influence the economic decisions of reasonable users that are taken based on the financial 
statements. Importantly, misstatements below these levels will not necessarily be evaluated as immaterial as 
we also take into account the nature of identified misstatements, and the particular circumstances of their 
occurrence, when evaluating their effect on the financial statements as a whole. 

We consider gross assets to be the financial metric of most interest to shareholders and other users of the 
financial statements, accordingly this consideration influenced our judgement of materiality. 

We determined materiality for the Group to be £280,000 which was set at 1.5% of draft gross assets. Parent 
Company materiality was set at £210,000 on the same basis. 

Performance materiality is the application of materiality at the individual account or balance level set at an 
amount to reduce to an appropriately low level the probability that the aggregate of uncorrected and 
undetected misstatements exceeds materiality for the financial statements as a whole. Performance 
materiality for the Group was set at £210,000. Parent Company performance materiality was set at £206,250 
on the same basis. 

We agreed with the audit committee that we would report to the committee all individual audit differences 
identified during the course of our audit in excess of £14,000 £13,370 for the Parent Company). We also 
agreed to report differences below these thresholds that, in our view, warranted reporting on qualitative 
grounds. 

Materiality was reassessed during the audit and it was considered reasonable to maintain materiality at the 
levels outlined above. 

OTHER INFORMATION 

The directors are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information 
included in the annual report, other than the financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon. Our 
opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise 
explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. 

In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information 
and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial 
statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we 
identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine 
whether there is a material misstatement in the financial statements or a material misstatement of the other 
information. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of 
this other information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard. 

Annual Report 2020

35

 
Report Of The Independent Auditor  
To The Members Of Adm Energy Plc

OPINIONS ON OTHER MATTERS PRESCRIBED BY THE COMPANIES ACT 

2006 

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit: 

‣ the information given in the strategic report and the directors’ report for the financial year for which 

the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and 

‣ the strategic report and the directors’ report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal 

requirements. 

MATTERS ON WHICH WE ARE REQUIRED TO REPORT BY EXCEPTION 

In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the Group and the parent Company and its environment 
obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the strategic report or 
the directors’ report. 

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 
requires us to report to you if, in our opinion: 

‣ adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent Company, or returns adequate for our 

audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or 

‣ the parent Company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and 

returns; or 

‣ certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or 
‣ we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit. 

RESPONSIBILITIES OF DIRECTORS 

As explained more fully in the directors’ responsibilities statement set out on page 21, the directors are 
responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and 
fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of 
financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. 

In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the Group’s and the parent 
Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern 
and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the Group or 
the parent Company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so. 

36

Annual Report 2020

Report Of The Independent Auditor  
To The Members Of Adm Energy Plc

AUDITOR’S RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE AUDIT OF THE FINANCIAL 

STATEMENTS 

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are 
free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes 
our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit 
conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. 
Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, 
they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these 
financial statements. 

A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial 
Reporting Council’s website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our 
auditor’s report. 

EXPLANATION AS TO WHAT EXTENT THE AUDIT WAS CONSIDERED 

CAPABLE OF DETECTING IRREGULARITIES, INCLUDING FRAUD 

Based on our understanding of the Group, we identified that the principal risks of non-compliance with laws 
and regulations related to compliance with AIM listing regulations, and we considered the extent to which 
non-compliance might have a material effect on the financial statements. We also considered those laws and 
regulations that have a direct impact on the preparation of the financial statements such as the Companies 
Act 2006, payroll tax and sales tax. 

We evaluated management’s incentives and opportunities for fraudulent manipulation of the financial 
statements (including the risk of override of controls) and determined that the principal risks were related to 
posting inappropriate journal entries to revenue and management bias in accounting estimates. Audit 
procedures performed by the engagement team included:  

‣ Inspecting correspondence with regulators and tax authorities; 
‣ Discussions with management including consideration of known or suspected instances of non-

compliance with laws and regulation and fraud; 

‣ Evaluating management’s controls designed to prevent and detect irregularities; 
‣ Identifying and testing journals, in particular by obtaining a complete list of journals and reviewing 

entries which showed key risk characteristics; and 

‣ Challenging assumptions and judgements made by management in their critical accounting estimates 
A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial 
Reporting Council’s website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our 
auditor’s report. 

Annual Report 2020

37

 
Report Of The Independent Auditor  
To The Members Of Adm Energy Plc

USE OF OUR REPORT 

This report is made solely to the company’s 
members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 
of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit 
work has been undertaken so that we might state 
to the company’s members those matters we are 
required to state to them in an Auditor’s report and 
for no other purpose. To the fullest extent 
permitted by law, we do not accept or assume 
responsibility to anyone other than the company 
and the company’s members as a body, for our 
audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we 
have formed. 

CHRISTOPHER CORK 
SENIOR STATUTORY AUDITOR 

                                     for and on behalf of 
Haysmacintyre LLP,  

Statutory Auditor  

10 Queen Street Place  

London  

EC4R 1AG 

 Date: 30 September 2021            

38

Annual Report 2020

Group Income Statement And Statement  
Of Comprehensive Income

GROUP INCOME STATEMENT AND 
STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE 
INCOME 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

Continuing operations

Revenue

Operating costs

Administrative expenses

Impairment of investment

Consultancy fee income

Operating loss

Movement in fair value of investments

Finance costs

Loss on ordinary activities before taxation

Taxation

Loss for the year

Other Comprehensive income:

Exchange translation movement

Total comprehensive income for the year

Basic and diluted loss per share:

From continuing and total operations

2020

£’000

799

1,423

2,616

4,628

353

7,515

678

67

6,904

−

6,904

233

7,137

Note

3

9

4

11

5

7

8

2019

£’000

2,519

2,444

1,721

−

−

1,646

−

27

1,673

−

1,673

272

1,945

8.7)p

3.8)p

Annual Report 2020

39

 
Group And Company  

Statements Of Financial Position

GROUP AND COMPANY STATEMENTS OF 
FINANCIAL POSITION 

AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2020 

NONCURRENT ASSETS

Intangible assets

Investment in subsidiaries

CURRENT ASSETS

Investments held for trading

Inventory

Trade and other receivables

Cash and cash equivalents

CURRENT LIABILITIES

Trade and other payables

Convertible loans

NET CURRENT LIABILITIES

NONCURRENT LIABILITIES

Convertible loans

Other borrowings

Decommissioning provision

             GROUP

                 COMPANY

Notes

2020

£’000

2019

£’000

2020

£’000

2019

£’000

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

15

15

16

16,007

15,708

−

−

−

−

12,316

14,983

16,007

15,708

12,316

14,983

878

32

109

30

1,049

200

−

562

15

777

878

−

109

30

1,017

200

−

562

15

777

4,206

1,555

1,429

1,331

235

−

235

−

4,441

1,555

1,664

1,331

3,392

778

647

554

284

297

1,032

1,613

−

−

−

−

284

297

−

581

−

−

−

−

NET ASSETS

11,002

14,930

11,088

14,429

40

Annual Report 2020

Group And Company  
Statements Of Financial Position

EQUITY

Share capital  

Share premium

Other reserves

Currency translation reserve

Retained deficit

             GROUP

                 COMPANY

Notes

2020

£’000

2019

£’000

2020

£’000

2019

£’000

17

17

18

9,450

8,817

9,450

36,591

34,012

36,591

817

850

870

617

817

−

8,817

34,012

870

−

35,006

28,152

35,770

29,270

Equity attributable to owners of the Company 
and total equity

11,002

14,930

11,088

14,429

The financial statements were approved by the Board and ready for issue on 30 September 2021. 

OSA OKHOMINA 
DIRECTOR


Annual Report 2020

41

 
Group And Company  

Statement Of Changes In Equity

GROUP STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN 
EQUITY 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

Share 

Share 

 capital

premium

Exchange 
translation 
reserve

Other 
reserves

Retained 
deficit

Total 

equity

£’000

£’000

£’000

£’000

£’000

£’000

At 1 January 2019 

8,499

32,833

Loss for the year

Exchange translation 
movement

Total comprehensive 
expense for the year

−

−

−

Issue of new shares

318

Share issue costs

Share options lapsed

Share warrants lapsed/
cancelled

−

−

−

−

−

−

1,322

143

−

−

(345)

−

272

272

−

−

−

−

955

(27,034)

14,908

−

−

−

449

21

172

1,673

1,673

−

272

1,673

1,945

−

−

172

2,089

122

−

−

383

383

At 31 December 2019

8,817

34,012

617

870

28,152

14,930

Loss for the year

Exchange translation 
movement

Total comprehensive 
expense for the year

−

−

−

−

−

−

Issue of new shares

633

2,544

Share issue costs

Issue of convertible loans

Warrants issued in 
settlement of fees

Warrants exercised

−

−

−

−

21

−

−

56

−

233

233

−

−

−

−

−

−

−

−

134

−

17

170

106

6,904

6,904

−

233

6,904

7,137

−

−

−

−

50

3,043

21

17

170

−

At 31 December 2019

9,450

36,591

850

817

35,006

11,002

42

Annual Report 2020

Group And Company  
Statement Of Changes In Equity

Share 

Share 

 capital

premium

Other 
reserves

Retained 
deficit

£’000

£’000

£’000

£’000

Total 

equity

£’000

At 1 January 2019

8,499

32,833

955

28,208

14,079

Loss for the period and total 
comprehensive expense

Issue of new shares

Share issue costs

Share options lapsed

Share warrants lapsed/cancelled

−

318

−

−

−

−

1,322

143

−

−

−

449

21

172

383

1,617

1,617

−

−

172

383

2,089

122

−

−

At 31 December 2019

8,817

34,012

870

29,270

14,429

Loss for the period and total 
comprehensive expense

Issue of new shares

Share issue costs

Issue of convertible loans

Warrants issued in settlement of fees

Warrants exercised

−

633

−

−

−

−

−

−

6,550

6,550

2,544

134

21

−

−

56

−

17

170

106

−

−

−

−

50

3,043

21

17

170

−

At 31 December 2019

9,450

36,591

817

35,770

11,088

Annual Report 2020

43

 
Group And Company Statements Of Cash Flows

GROUP AND COMPANY STATEMENTS OF 
CASH FLOWS 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

OPERATING ACTIVITIES 

Loss for the period 

Adjustments for:

Fair value adjustment to investments

Warrants issued in settlement of fees

Finance costs

Impairment of intangible assets

Depreciation and amortisation

      GROUP

      COMPANY

Note

2020

£’000

2019

£’000

2020

£’000

2019

£’000

6,904

1,673

6,550

1,617

678

170

67

4,628

85

−

−

27

112

678

170

67

4,996

−

−

−

27

−

Operating cashflow before working capital changes

2,632

1,534

1,995

1,590

Increase in inventories

Decrease/(increase) in receivables 

Increase/(decrease) in trade and other payables

32

303

1,410

−

383

115

−

303

783

−

383

200

Net cash outflow from operating activities

951

2,032

909

1,773

INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES

Development costs

Loans to subsidiary operation

Net cash outflow from investment activities

FINANCING ACTIVITIES

Continuing operations:

Issue of ordinary share capital 

Share issue costs

Proceeds from short term loans

181

−

181

848

21

278

−

−

−

1,939

122

−

−

181

181

848

21

278

−

245

245

1,939

122

−

Net cash inflow from financing activities

1,105

1,817

1,105

1,817

44

Annual Report 2020

 
Group And Company Statements Of Cash Flows

      GROUP

      COMPANY

Note

2020

£’000

2019

£’000

2020

£’000

2019

£’000

Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash 
equivalents from continuing and total 
operations

Exchange translation difference

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

13

27

215

42

15

30

14

216

15

15

−

15

30

201

−

216

15

Annual Report 2020

45

 
Notes To The Financial Statements

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 December 2020 

1.GENERAL INFORMATION

The Company is a public limited company incorporated in the United Kingdom and its shares are listed on 
the AIM market of the London Stock Exchange. The Company is an investment company, mainly investing 
in natural resources and oil and gas projects. The registered office of the Company is as detailed in the 
Company Information on page 3. 

2.PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The principal accounting policies adopted in the preparation of these financial statements are set out 
below. These policies have been consistently applied throughout all periods presented in the financial 
statements. 

As in prior periods, the Group financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International 
Financial Reporting Standards, International Accounting Standards and interpretations issued by the 
International Accounting Standards Board (IASB International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted 
by the European Union (adopted IFRSs). The financial statements have been prepared using the 
measurement bases specified by IFRS for each type of asset, liability, income and expense. The 
measurement bases are more fully described in the accounting policies below. 

The current period covered by these financial statements is the year to 31 December 2020. The 
comparative figures relate to the year ended 31 December 2019. The financial statements are presented 
in pounds sterling (£ which is the functional currency of the Group. 

An overview of standards, amendments and interpretations to IFRSs issued but not yet effective, and 
which have not been adopted early by the Group are presented below under ‘Statement of Compliance’. 

GOING CONCERN 

At 31 December 2020, the Group recorded a loss for the year of £6,904,000 and had net current liabilities 
of £3,392,000, after allowing for cash balances of £30,000. 

Since the year end, the Group has raised additional equity funding of £1,220,000 and realised £850,000 
from the sale of investments to provide for working capital requirements, and the Directors have prepared 
cashflow forecasts for the period to 30 September 2022 to assess whether the use of the going concern 
basis for the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate. In the short term, the Group will require 
further additional funding in order to meet its liabilities as they fall due and continue to operate as a going 
concern. The Directors have taken into consideration the level and timing of the Group’s working capital 
requirements (which takes into account recent reductions in costs and control of discretionary spending 
to preserve cash flow) and has also considered the likelihood of successfully securing funding to meet 
these needs. In particular, consideration has been given to ongoing discussions around further third-party 
investment and the extent to which these discussions are advanced both in respect of short and longer 
term funding. 

46

Annual Report 2020

Notes To The Financial Statements

2.PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

GOING CONCERN (continued) 

The Directors acknowledge that while they have an expectation that funding will be secured based on this 
assessment, at the date of approval of these financial statements, no such funding has been 
unconditionally committed. Therefore, while the Directors have a reasonable expectation that the Group 
has the ability to raise the additional finance required in order to continue in operational existence for the 
foreseeable future, the uncertainty surrounding the ability and likely timing of securing such finance 
indicates that a material uncertainty exists that may cast significant doubt on the Group’s ability to 
continue as a going concern. Were no such funding to be secured, the Group would have no realistic 
alternative but to halt operations and prepare its financial statements on a non-going concern basis. 

STATEMENT OF COMPLIANCE 

New standards, amendments and interpretations adopted by the Company 

The company has applied the following standards and amendments for the first time for its annual 
reporting period commencing 1 January 2020 

‣ Prepayment Features with Negative Compensation – Amendments to IFRS 9; 
‣ Annual Improvements to IFRS Standards 20152017 Cycle; 
‣ Plan Amendments, Curtailment or Settlement – Amendments to IAS 19;  

There are several standards, amendments to standards and interpretations which have been issued by 
the IASB that are effective in future accounting periods that the Group has not yet adopted. The most 
significant of these are as follows, which are all effective for the period beginning 1 January 2021 

A number of new standards and amendments to standards and interpretations are effective for annual 
periods beginning after 1 January 2020 and have not been applied in preparing these financial 
statements. None of these are expected to have a significant effect on the financial statements of the 
Company. 

The amendments listed above did not have any impact on the amounts recognised in prior periods and 
are not expected to significantly affect the current or future periods.  

New standards and interpretations not yet adopted  

A number of new standards and amendments to standards and interpretations are effective for annual 
periods beginning after 1 January 2020 and have not been applied in preparing these financial 
statements. None of these are expected to have a significant effect on the financial statements of the 
Company. 

There are no other IFRSs or IFRIC interpretations that are not yet effective that would be expected to have 
a material impact on the Company. 

Annual Report 2020

47

 
Notes To The Financial Statements

2.PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

KEY ESTIMATES AND ASSUMPTIONS 

Estimates and assumptions used in preparing the financial statements are reviewed on an ongoing basis 
and are based on historical experience and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under 
the circumstances. The results of these estimates and assumptions form the basis of making judgements 
about carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. judgement 
also applies in determining whether costs associated with contingent liabilities can be reliably estimated or 
not and the extent to which it is appropriate to make disclosure in this area. 

USEFUL ECONOMIC LIFE OF INTANGIBLE ASSETS 

The Group’s intangible assets relate to oil field development expenditure which is considered capital in 
nature. Intangible assets are amortised over their useful economic life in accordance with the expected 
pattern of consumption of the benefits arising from the Group’s interest in OML 113 license (the Unit of 
Production method). The timing and pattern of production represents an estimation made with reference to 
according research performed by third parties and the Directors assessment of the timing and level of 
activity over the life of developed assets. 

IMPAIRMENT OF ASSETS 

Note 10 summarises the cumulative cost less amortisation of Group’s indirect investment in the Aje Field 
(OML 113. During the year, the Directors noted indicators of impairment related to this asset. They have 
therefore reviewed the value of the Group’s proportionate share of the Aje fixed assets (which as a cash 
generating unit is represented by the intangible asset relating to the cumulative cost of its acquisition and 
funding of its interest in the Aje Field) and have determined that it is appropriate to impair the asset down 
to the fair value as implied by the value of the recent Petronor/Panoro transaction which as at 31 December 
2020 was considered by the Directors to represent the most relevant and reliable available indicator of 
value against a backdrop of market and operation uncertainty prevalent at the time. The Directors have 
considered other valuation indicators such as value in use calculations and fair value assessments based 
on seismic reports, but these are not considered to give the same reliable indication of value as a publicly 
announced transaction between two third parties. It should be noted that the referenced Petronor/Panoro 
transaction is subject to adjustments to take into account it is a corporate transaction rather than a 
valuation of a group of assets identified as a cash generating unit. Such adjustments are subject to 
judgement and estimation by the directors, as are adjustments for other implied factors such as contingent 
consideration associated with the transaction. The carrying value of the parent company’s investment in 
subsidiaries is also derived using the same valuation techniques, judgements and estimations, but modified 
for the fact it represents the valuation of an investment in a legal entity. 

CONTINGENT LIABILITIES 

The assessment of contingent liabilities inherently involves the exercise of significant judgment and 
estimates of the outcome of future events. This judgement involves the Directors making assessment as to 
whether an economic outflow relating to a past event is considered probable, possible or remote, and the 
extent to which its outcome can be reliably estimated. In making this judgement, the Directors make 

48

Annual Report 2020

 
Notes To The Financial Statements

2.PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

CONTINGENT LIABILITIES (continued) 

reference to correspondence with parties relevant to the contingent liability and make their own 
assessment of whether they have sufficient information from such correspondence to reliably predict an 
outcome. 

INVESTMENTS HELD FOR TRADING 

Investments held for trading are held at fair value through profit and loss. At both reporting dates they are 
considered to be Level 3 investments whereby their valuation is determined by whole or in part using 
valuation techniques based on assumptions that are not supported by observable prices in comparable 
market transactions in the same instrument or similar observable data. 

The Directors regularly review the valuation of such investments against both ongoing results of the 
business in which it has made investments and the price at which any further investment has taken place if 
such investment is considered to give sufficient and appropriate indication of fair value. 

DECOMMISSIONING PROVISION 

Decommissioning costs will be incurred by the Group, in accordance with the terms of the Joint Operating 
Agreement, at the end of the operating life of the production facilities associated with the Group’s interest 
in OML 113. The Group assesses its retirement obligation at each reporting date. The ultimate asset 
retirement costs are uncertain and cost estimates can vary in response to many factors, including changes 
to relevant legal requirements, the emergence of new restoration techniques or experience at other 
production sites. The expected timing, extent and amount of expenditure can also change, for example in 
response to changes in reserves or changes in laws and regulations or their interpretation. Therefore, 
significant estimates and assumptions are made in determining the provision for asset retirement 
obligation. As a result, there could be significant adjustments to the provisions established which would 
affect future financial results. The provision at reporting date represents management’s best estimate of 
the present value of the future asset retirement costs required. 

SHARE BASED PAYMENTS 

The Group has made awards of options and warrants over its unissued share capital to certain Directors, 
employees and professional advisers as part of their remuneration. 

The fair value of options and warrants are determined by reference to the fair value of the options and 
warrants granted, excluding the impact of any non-market vesting conditions. In accordance with IFRS 2 
‘Share Based Payments’, the Group has recognised the fair value of options and warrants, calculated using 
the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Directors have made assumptions particularly regarding the 
volatility of the share price at the grant date in order to reach a fair value. Further information is disclosed in 
Note 19. 

Annual Report 2020

49

 
Notes To The Financial Statements

2.PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

ACCOUNTING POLICIES

SALES REVENUE 

The Group’s revenue is derived from its share in oil and gas licence OML 113, offshore Nigeria Revenue, as 
outlined in the Joint Operating Agreement. Revenue from the sale of crude oil is the Group’s share of 
proceeds from liftings net of any direct taxes and is recognised when a customer obtains control (“sales” or 
“lifting” method), normally this is when title passes at point of delivery. Revenues from production of oil 
properties are recognised based on actual volumes lifted and sold to customers during the period. 

TAXATION

UK taxes 

Current income tax assets and/or liabilities comprise those obligations to, or claims from, fiscal authorities 
relating to the current or prior reporting period, that are unpaid at the statement of financial position date. 
They are calculated according to the tax rates and tax laws applicable to the fiscal periods to which they 
relate, based on the taxable result for the year. All changes to current tax assets or liabilities are recognised 
as a component of tax expense in the income statement. 

Deferred income taxes are calculated using the liability method on temporary differences. This involves the 
comparison of the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements with 
their respective tax bases. However, deferred tax is not provided on the initial recognition of goodwill, nor 
on the initial recognition of an asset or liability, unless the related transaction is a business combination or 
affects tax or accounting profit. In addition, tax losses available to be carried forward as well as other 
income tax credits to the Group are assessed for recognition as deferred tax assets. 

Deferred tax liabilities are always provided for in full. Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that 
it is probable that they will be able to be offset against future taxable income. Deferred tax assets and 
liabilities are calculated, without discounting, at tax rates that are expected to apply to their respective 
period of realisation, provided they are enacted or substantively enacted at the statement of financial 
position date. 

Most changes in deferred tax assets or liabilities are recognised as a component of tax expense in the 
income statement. Only changes in deferred tax assets or liabilities that relate to a change in value of 
assets or liabilities that is charged directly to equity are charged or credited directly to equity. 

Nigerian taxes 

The Company’s subsidiary, P R Oil & Gas Nigeria Ltd operates offshore Nigeria and is subject to the tax 
regulations of that country. 

Current income tax assets and liabilities for current period are measured at the amount expected to be 
recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws are those that are enacted or 
substantially enacted at the reporting date. The Company engaged in exploration and production of crude 
oil (upstream activity). Therefore, its profits are taxable under the Petroleum Profit Tax Act. 

50

Annual Report 2020

Notes To The Financial Statements

2.PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Intangible assets relate to the Group’s capitalised E&E costs and proportionate interest in the production 
assets of joint operations (development costs).  

The share of development costs incurred on specific projects are capitalised when all the following 
conditions are satisfied:  

‣ completion of the asset is technically feasible so that it will be available for use or sale 
‣ the Group intends to complete the asset and use or sell it 
‣ the Group has the ability to use or sell the asset 
‣ the asset will generate probable future economic benefits 
‣ there are adequate technical, financial and other resources to complete the development and to use 

or sell the asset, and 

‣ the expenditure attributable to the asset during its development can be measured reliably.  

Other development expenditure that does not meet these criteria is recognised as an expense as incurred. 
Development costs previously recognised as an expense are not recognised as an asset in a subsequent 
period. There were no development costs recognised as an expense during the year (2019 £Nil). 

Intangible assets are amortised as the benefits associated with them are consumed. 

IMPAIRMENT OF INTANGIBLE ASSETS 

Proven oil and gas properties and intangible assets are reviewed annually for impairment whenever events 
or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss 
is recognised for the amount by which the asset’s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The 
carrying value is compared against the expected recoverable amount of the asset, generally by net present 
value of the future net cash flows, expected to be derived from production of commercial reserves or 
consideration expected to be achieved through the sale of its interest in an arms-length transaction, less 
any associated costs to sell. The cash generating unit applied for impairment test purposes is generally the 
field and the Group’s interest in its underlying assets, except that a number of field interests may be 
grouped together where there are common facilities. 

FINANCIAL ASSETS 

Financial assets are recognised in the Group’s statement of financial position when the Group becomes a 
party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. 

The Group’s financial assets are classified into the following specific categories: ‘investments held for 
trading’, and ‘loans and receivables’. The classification depends on the nature and purpose of the financial 
assets and is determined at the time of initial recognition. 

Annual Report 2020

51

 
Notes To The Financial Statements

2.PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

FINANCIAL ASSETS (continued) 

All Trade receivables, loans, and other receivables that have fixed or determinable payments that are not 
quoted in an active market are classified as ‘loans and receivables’. Loans and receivables are measured at 
amortised cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment. Interest income is recognised by 
applying the effective interest rate, except for short-term receivables when the recognition of interest 
would be immaterial. 

INVESTMENTS HELD FOR TRADING 

All investments determined upon initial recognition as held at fair value through profit or loss were 
designated as investments held for trading. Investment transactions are accounted for on a trade date 
basis. Assets are de-recognised at the trade date of the disposal. Assets are sold at their fair value, which 
comprises the proceeds of sale less any transaction cost. The fair value of the financial instruments in the 
statement of financial position is based on the quoted bid price at the statement of financial position date, 
with no deduction for any estimated future selling cost. Unquoted investments are valued by the directors 
using primary valuation techniques such as recent transactions, last price at which shares have been 
issued and net asset value. Changes in the fair value of investments held at fair value through profit or loss 
and gains and losses on disposal are recognised in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income 
as “Net gains on investments”. Investments are initially measured at fair value plus incidental acquisition 
costs. Subsequently, they are measured at fair value in accordance with IFRS 9 Financial Instruments. This 
is either the bid price or the last traded price, depending on the convention of the exchange on which the 
investment is quoted. 

BASIS OF CONSOLIDATION 

The consolidated financial statements present the results of ADM Energy plc and its subsidiaries (“the 
Group”) as if they formed a single entity. Intercompany transactions and balances between Group 
companies are therefore eliminated in full. 

The consolidated financial statements incorporate the results of business combinations using the purchase 
method. In the Statement of Financial Position, the acquiree’s identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent 
liabilities are initially recognised at their fair values at the acquisition date. The results of acquired 
operations are included in the Consolidated Income Statement.

JOINT OPERATIONS OML 113 OPERATING AGREEMENT 

The Group has a 9.2% profit share and 12.3% cost share in the OML 113 operating licence. The operating 
agreement for OML 113 is a joint arrangement, with the fundamental decisions requiring unanimity between 
the partners. Other decisions require a qualified majority decision. As no corporate entity exists the 
agreement cannot be considered to meet the definition of a joint venture. 

52

Annual Report 2020

Notes To The Financial Statements

2.PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

JOINT OPERATIONS OML 113 OPERATING AGREEMENT (continued) 

In relation to its interests in the OML 113 operations, the Group recognises its:  

‣ The Group’s share of the underlying assets of the joint operation (classified as intangible assets), 

measured at historical cost less amortisation and impairment. 

‣ Amounts owed in respect of the joint operating agreement 
‣ Revenue from the sale of its share of the output arising from the joint operation 
‣ Expenses, including its share of any expenses incurred jointly 

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS 

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash on hand and demand deposits, together with other short-term, 
highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and which are subject to 
an insignificant risk of changes in value. 

EQUITY 

An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the Company after 
deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by the Company are recorded at the proceeds 
received net of direct issue costs. 

Equity comprises the following:  

‣ Share capital represents the nominal value of equity shares issued. 
‣ The share premium account represents premiums received on the initial issuing of the share capital. 
Any transaction costs associated with the issuing of shares are deducted from share premium, net 
of any related income tax benefits. 

‣ Option reserve represents the cumulative cost of share based payments in respect of options 

granted. 

‣ Warrant reserve represents the cumulative cost of share based payments in respect of warrants 

issued. 

‣ Convertible loan note reserve represents the equity portion of convertible loan notes issued. 
‣ Currency translation reserve is used to recognise foreign currency exchange differences arising on 

translation of functional currency to presentation currency. 

‣ Retained earnings include all current and prior period results as disclosed in the statement of 

comprehensive income. 

Annual Report 2020

53

 
Notes To The Financial Statements

2.PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

FINANCIAL LIABILITIES 

Financial liabilities are recognised in the Group’s statement of financial position when the Group becomes a 
party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. All interest related charges are recognised as an 
expense in finance cost in the income statement using the effective interest rate method. 

The Group’s financial liabilities comprise trade and other payables. 

Trade payables are recognised initially at their fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost less 
settlement payments. 

DECOMMISSIONING LIABILITY 

A decommissioning liability is recognised when the Group has a present legal or constructive obligation as 
a result of past events, and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the 
obligation, and a reliable estimate of the amount of obligation can be made. A corresponding amount 
equivalent to the obligation is also recognised as part of the cost of the related production plant and 
equipment. The amount recognised is the estimated cost of decommissioning, discounted to its present 
value, using a discount rate of 10%. Changes in the estimated timing of decommissioning cost estimates 
are dealt with prospectively by recording an adjustment to the provision, and a corresponding adjustment 
to production plant and equipment. The unwinding of the discount on the decommissioning provision will 
be included in the income statement. 

CONTINGENT LIABILITIES 

Contingent liabilities are possible obligations arising from past events whose existence will be confirmed by 
uncertain future events that are not wholly within the control of the Group. Contingent liabilities also 
include obligations that are not recognised because their amount cannot be measured reliably or because 
settlement is not probable.  

Unless the possibility of an outflow of economic resources is remote a contingent liability is disclosed in the 
notes. 

SHARE BASED PAYMENTS 

Where share options are awarded, or warrants issued to employees, the fair value of the options/warrants 
at the date of grant is charged to the statement of comprehensive income over the vesting period. Non-
market vesting conditions are taken into account by adjusting the number of equity instruments expected 
to vest at each reporting date so that, ultimately, the cumulative amount recognized over the vesting 
period is based on the number of options/warrants that eventually vest. As long as all other vesting 
conditions are satisfied, a charge is made irrespective of whether the market vesting conditions are 
satisfied. The cumulative expense is not adjusted for failure to achieve a market vesting condition. 

Where warrants or options are issued for services provided to the Group, including financing, the fair value 
of the service is charged to the statement of comprehensive income or against share premium where the 
warrants or options were issued in exchange for services in connection with share issues. Where the fair 
value of the services cannot be reliably measured, the service is valued using Black Scholes valuation 
methodology taking into consideration the market and non- market conditions described above. 

54

Annual Report 2020

Notes To The Financial Statements

2.PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

SHARE BASED PAYMENTS (continued) 

Where the share options are cancelled before they vest, the remaining unvested fair value is immediately 
charged to the statement of comprehensive income. 

FOREIGN CURRENCIES 

The Directors consider Sterling to be the currency that most faithfully represents the economic effects of 
the underlying transactions, events and conditions. The financial statements are presented in Sterling, 
which is the Group’s functional and presentation currency. 

Foreign currency transactions are translated into Sterling using the exchange rates prevailing at the date of 
the transactions. Foreign currency exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such 
transactions and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies 
at year end exchange rates are recognised in the income statement. Non-monetary items that are 
measured at historical costs in a foreign currency are translated at the exchange rate at the date of the 
transaction. Non-monetary items that are measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated into 
the functional currency using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value was determined. 

SEGMENTAL REPORTING 

A segment is a distinguishable component of the Group’s activities from which it may earn revenues and 
incur expenses, whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the Group’s chief operating decision 
maker to make decisions about the allocation of resources and assessment of performance and about 
which discrete financial information is available. 

As the chief operating decision maker reviews financial information for and makes decisions about the 
Group’s investment activities as a whole, the directors have identified a single operating segment, that of 
holding and trading in investments in natural resources, minerals, metals, and oil and gas projects. The 
Directors consider that it would not be appropriate to disclose any geographical analysis of the Group’s 
investments. 

No segmental analysis has been provided in the financial statements as the Directors consider that the 
Group’s operations comprise one segment. 

3.REVENUE

The Group has a share in an oil and gas licence offshore Nigeria and all the Group’s revenue is derived from 
this source. 

Revenue from share in oil and gas licence offshore Nigeria

Annual Report 2020

2020

£’000

799

799

2019

£’000

2,519

2,519

55

 
Notes To The Financial Statements

4.OPERATING LOSS

Loss from continuing operations is arrived at after charging:

Directors’ remuneration (see note 6

Employee salaries and other benefits

Amortisation

Impairment of intangible assets

Auditors’ remuneration:

2020

2019

£’000

£’000

646

35

85

4,628

824

34

112

−

fees payable to the principal auditor for the audit of the Group’s financial 
statements    

28

21

5.FINANCE COSTS

Short term loan finance costs

2020

£’000

67

67

2019

£’000

27

27

6.EMPLOYEE REMUNERATION

The expense recognised for employee benefits for continuing operations is analysed below:

Wages and salaries (including directors and employee benefits)

Directors’ termination payments

Social security costs

Directors’ remuneration:

Wages and salaries (including benefits)

Social security costs

2020

2019

£’000

£’000

671

10

66

747

646

64

710

531

240

87

858

740

84

824

Further details of Directors’ remuneration are included in the Report on Directors’ Remuneration on page 
21. 

Only the directors are deemed to be key management. The average number of employees (including 
directors) in the Group was 5 20195. 

56

Annual Report 2020

Notes To The Financial Statements

7.INCOME TAX EXPENSE

Current tax – continuing operations

2020

£’000

−

2020

£’000

2019

£’000

−

2019

£’000

Loss before tax from continuing operations

6,904

1,673

Loss before tax multiplied by rate of corporation tax in the UK 
of 19% 2019 19%

Expenses not deductible for tax purposes

Unrelieved tax losses carried forward

Total tax charge for the year

1,312

318

890

422

−

6

312

−

No deferred tax asset has been recognised in respect of the Group losses as the timing of their 
recoverability is uncertain.

8.EARNINGS AND NET ASSET VALUE PER SHARE

Earnings 

The basic and diluted earnings per share is calculated by dividing the loss attributable to owners of the 
Group by the weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue during the year.

Loss attributable to owners of the Group

 Continuing operations

Continuing and discontinued operations

Weighted average number of shares for calculating basic 
and fully diluted earnings per share

2020

£’000

6,904

6,904

2020

2019

£’000

1,673

1,673

2019

79,594,655

44,280,670

2020

pence

2019

pence

Earnings per share:

Loss per share from continuing and total operations

8.7

3.8

The weighted average number of shares used for calculating the diluted loss per share for 2020 and 2019 
was the same as that used for calculating the basic loss per share as the effect of exercise of the 
outstanding share options was anti-dilutive.

Annual Report 2020

57

 
Notes To The Financial Statements

8.EARNINGS AND NET ASSET VALUE PER SHARE (continued)

Net asset value per share (“NAV”) 

The basic NAV is calculated by dividing the loss total net assets attributable to the owners of the Group by 
the number of ordinary shares in issue at the reporting date. The fully diluted NAV is calculated by adding 
the cost of exercising any extant warrants and options to the total net assets and dividing the resulting 
total by the sum of the number of shares in issue and the number of warrants and options extant at the 
reporting date.

Total net assets of the Group

Cost of exercise of warrants

Total net assets for calculation of fully diluted NAV

2020

£’000

2019

£’000

11,002

14,930

1,715

12,717

2020

1,261

16,191

2019

Number of shares in issue at the reporting date

122,769,073

59,501,210

Number of extant warrants (see note below)

27,726,241

18,801,601

Total number of shares for calculation of fully diluted NAV

150,594,655

78,302,811

NAV  Basic (pence per share)

NAV  Fully diluted (pence per share)

2020

9.0p

8.5p

2019

25.1p

20.7p

58

Annual Report 2020

Notes To The Financial Statements

9.INTANGIBLE ASSETS

GROUP

The intangible asset relates to the Group’s 5% revenue interest in the OML 113 licence, which includes the 
Aje Field (“Aje”) and the further costs of bringing the Aje 4 and Aje 5 wells into production. During the year 
the Group paid $3 million (£2,256,000 to acquire a further interest in the Aje which increased its revenue 
interest to 9.2% and 12.3% cost share.

Development costs

Cost

At 1 January

Additions

Foreign currency exchange translation difference

At 31 December

Amortisation

At 1 January 2018

Charge for year

Impairment

Foreign currency exchange translation difference

At 31 December 2018

Net book value at 31 December 

2020

£’000

16,071

5,287

282

21,076

363

85

4,628

7

5,069

16,007

2019

£’000

16,362

−

291

16,071

256

112

−

5

363

15,708

Development costs are amortised on a useful economic basis which is aligned with output in a given 
financial period compared to total proven and possible production. Production is expected to continue until 
2039. The adoption of the units of production method of amortisation means amortisation will not accrue 
evenly to this date, rather it will vary according to production levels which are considered to equate to 
consumption of the cost of the asset. 

Annual Report 2020

59

 
Notes To The Financial Statements

10.INVESTMENT IN SUBSIDIARIES

On 10 August 2016, the Group completed the agreement for the acquisition of Jacka Resources Nigeria 
Holdings Limited, now renamed ADM 113 Limited (“ADM 113”), a BVI registered company, in which Jacka 
Resources Limited (“JRL”) held the single issued share. ADM 113’s sole asset is its wholly owned subsidiary, 
P R Oil & Gas Nigeria Limited (“PROG”), a Nigerian registered company. At the beginning of the year PROG 
had a 5% revenue interest in the OML 113 licence, offshore Nigeria, which includes the Aje Field ("Aje"), 
where oil production commenced in May 2016. During the year it paid US$4 million (£2,256,000 to acquire 
a further interest in Aje which increased its revenue interest to 9.2%. 

Balance at beginning of period

Advances to PROG

Impairment

Balance at end of period

The Group’s subsidiary companies are as follows:

Name

Principal activity

Country of incorporation 
 and principal  
place of business

2020

£’000

2019

£’000

14,983

14,738

2,329

4,996

245

−

12,316

14,983

Proportion of  
ownership interest 
 and voting rights  
held by the Group

ADM 113 Limited 

Holding company

British Virgin Islands

100%

*P R Oil & Gas 
Nigeria Limited

Oil exploration & 
production

Maples Corporate Services (BVI 
Ltd 
Kingston Chambers 
P.O. Box 173, Road Town, Tortola

Nigeria

1, Murtala Muhammed Drive 
Ikoyi, Lagos

Geo Estratos 
MXOil, SAPI de CV

Dormant

Mexico

Lago Alberto 319, Piso 6 
IZA Punto Polanco 
Col. Granada, Del. Miguel Hidalgo 
CP 11520, Ciudad de Mexico

100%

100%

ADM Asset 
Holdings Limited

Dormant

60 Gracechurch Street, London, 
United Kingdom, EC3V 0HR

100%

*Indirectly held 

60

Annual Report 2020

Notes To The Financial Statements

11.INVESTMENTS HELD FOR TRADING

The table of investments sets out the fair value measurements using the IFRS 7 fair value hierarchy. 
Categorisation within the hierarchy has been determined on the basis of the lowest level of input that is 
significant to the fair value measurement of the relevant asset as follows (see note 19.

The investments held by the Group are designated as at fair value through profit or loss. 

Fair value of investments brought forward

Movement in fair value of investments

Fair value of investments held for trading

Investments held at the year end were categorised as 
follows

Level 3

GROUP AND COMPANY

2020

£’000

200

678

878

878

878

2019

£’000

200

−

200

200

200

The table of investments sets out the fair value measurements using the IFRS 7 fair value hierarchy. 
Categorisation within the hierarchy has been determined on the basis of the lowest level of input that is 
significant to the fair value measurement of the relevant asset as follows: 

Level 1 valued using quoted prices in active markets for identical assets. 

Level 2 valued by reference to valuation techniques using observable inputs other than quoted prices 
included within Level 1. 

Level 3 valued by reference to valuation techniques using inputs that are not based on observable market 
data. 

The valuation techniques used by the company are explained in the accounting policy note, “Financial 
assets held at fair value through profit and loss”. There are no Level 1 and Level 2 investments. 

Annual Report 2020

61

 
12.TRADE AND OTHER RECEIVABLES

Other receivables

Prepayments and accrued income

Notes To The Financial Statements

GROUP

COMPANY

2020

2019

2020

2019

£’000

£’000

£’000

£’000

42

67

109

498

64

562

42

67

109

498

64

562

The fair value of Other receivables is considered by the Directors not to be materially different to carrying 
amounts.  At the date of the Statement of Financial Position in 2020 and 2019 there were no trade 
receivables.

13.CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

Cash at bank

Cash and cash equivalents

14.TRADE AND OTHER PAYABLES

GROUP AND COMPANY

2020

£’000

30

30

2019

£’000

15

15

GROUP

COMPANY

2020

2019

2020

2019

£’000

£’000

£’000

£’000

Trade payables

Tax and social security

468

395

Amount owed in respect of OML 113 operating agreement

2,766

Other payables

Short term loan finance

Accruals and deferred income

71

104

402

327

132

213

678

−

205

468

395

−

71

104

391

327

132

−

678

−

194

It is expected that the amount owed in relation to the Group’s proportionate share of costs incurred as part 
of the OML 113 joint operating agreement will be offset against revenues of the project.  

The fair value of trade and other payables is considered by the Directors not to be materially different to 
carrying amounts.

4,206

1,555

1,429

1,331

62

Annual Report 2020

Notes To The Financial Statements

15.BORROWINGS

Convertible loans (“CLNs”)

On 15 August 2020 the Group entered into 12 month convertible loan agreements for a total of £230,000 
with interest payable at 10%. On 10 December 2020 the Company issued a convertible loan note for 
US$400,000 £293,000 as part consideration for the acquisition of its additional interest in Aje. The loan 
note is repayable on 10 June 2022 and bears interest at 10% p.a. 

The net proceeds received from the issue of the CLNs have been split between the liability element and an 
equity component, representing the fair value of the embedded option to convert the liability into equity of 
the Group, as follows 

Nominal value of convertible Loans

Equity component

Liability component at date of issue

Interest charged

Liability component at 31 December

Current portion of loans

Non-current portion of loans

GROUP AND COMPANY

2020

£’000

523

17

506

13

519

235

284

519

2019

£’000

−

−

−

−

−

−

−

−

The interest charged for the year is calculated by applying an effective average interest rate of 12% to the 
liability component for the period since the loan notes were issued. 

The directors estimate the fair value of the liability component of the convertible loan notes at 31 December 
2020 to be approximately £519,000. The fair value has been calculated by discounting the future cash flows 
at the market rate of 12%. 

Other borrowings

Other loan

2020

£’000

297

2019

£’000

−

Annual Report 2020

63

 
Notes To The Financial Statements

15.BORROWINGS (continued)

Other borrowings (continued)

£50,000 of the other loan was converted into shares subsequent to the year end. The balance of the loan, 
which was shown as a current liability in 2019, is non-interest bearing and its repayment date is 15 May 
2023. The loan agreement gives the Group the right to convert the balance owed into shares at the ruling 
market rate at a time at the discretion of the Group. The balance has been re-presented as non-current 
due to a modification affected during the year which reduced the balance to £297,000 from £650,000, 
which also clarified the terms of the agreement. The loan gives the Group the right to convert the 
outstanding balance into the equivalent value of equity at any time during the term. The loan is treated as a 
liability because while the value of equity to be issued on conversion is fixed, the number of shares is 
variable, meaning it meets the definition of a financial liability as laid out by IFRS 9. 

16.DECOMMISSIONING PROVISIO0N

In accordance with the agreements and legislation, the wellheads, production assets, pipelines and other 
installations may have to be dismantled and removed from oil and natural gas fields when the production 
ceases. The exact timing of the obligations is uncertain and depends on the rate the reserves of the field 
are depleted. However, based on the existing production profile of the OML 113 licence area and the size of 
the reserves, it is expected that expenditure on retirement is likely to be after more than ten years. The 
current basis for the provision is a discount rate of 10%. 

The following table presents a reconciliation of the beginning and ending aggregate amounts of the 
obligations associated with the decommissioning of oil and natural gas properties. 

Balance brought forward

Arising during the year

As at 31 December 2020

2020

£’000

−

1,032

1,032

2020

£’000

−

−

−

In previous years it has been considered that the required decommissioning provision was not material, but 
following the acquisition of the additional share in the OML 113 licence the Directors have reassessed the 
materiality of the required provision. 

64

Annual Report 2020

 
Notes To The Financial Statements

17.CALLED UP SHARE CAPITAL

Number of 
Ordinary 
 shares

Value 
£’000

Number of 
deferred shares

Value 
£’000

Share 
Premiu
m 
£’000

Total 
 value 
£’000

Issued and fully paid 

At 1 January 2019 (ordinary 
shares of 0.01p)

2,771,349,664

277

8,222,439,370

8,222

8,499 32,833

Shares issued

Share issue costs

1,700,000,036

170

−

−

−

−

−

−

170

−

510

10

4,471,349,700

447

8,222,439,370

8,222

8,669 33,333

1 for 100 share consolidation 
(ordinary shares of 1p)

44,713,497

447

8,222,439,370

8,222

8,669 33,333

Shares issued (see notes below)

14,787,713

148

Warrants issued to share 
subscribers

Share issue costs

−

−

−

−

−

−

−

−

−

−

148

1,111

−

−

299

133

At 31 December 2019

59,501,210

595

8,222,439,370 8,222

8,817 34,012

Shares issued (see notes below)

63,267,863

633

Warrants issued in connection 
with equity subscriptions

Share issue costs

Warrants exercised

−

−

−

−

−

−

−

−

−

−

−

−

−

−

633

2,560

−

−

−

16

21

56

122,769,073

1,228

8,222,439,370 8,222

9,450 36,591

The deferred shares have restricted rights such that they have no economic value. 

Annual Report 2020

65

 
Notes To The Financial Statements

17.CALLED UP SHARE CAPITAL (continued)

Share issues in year 

On 8 January 2020, 2,148,000 ordinary shares of 1p were issued at 7p each as a result of a placing, raising 
£150,360 before expenses. 

On 27 April 2020, 2,083,333 ordinary shares of 1p were issued at 2.4p each as a result of a placing, raising 
£50,000 before expenses, and 6,350,000 shares were issued at 2.4p each to settle liabilities totaling 
£152,400. 

On 14 May 2020, 4,242,696 shares of 1p were issued to the Hessia Group at 2.4p each to settle US$ 
150,000 £101,825 of the deposit in respect of the acquisition of a further interest in the Aje field. 

On 17 July 2020, 2,083,333 ordinary shares of 1p were issued at 2.4p each as a result of the exercise of 
warrants, raising £50,000, and 208,333 ordinary shares were issued also at 2.4p each to settle a liability of 
£5,000. 

On 25 August 2020, 8,590,906 ordinary shares of 1p were issued at 5.5p each as a result of a placing, raising 
£472,500 before expenses, and 7,196,322 ordinary shares were issued also at 5.5p in settlement of liabilities 
totaling £395,798. 

On 26 August 2020, 5,083,333 ordinary shares of 1p were issued at 2.4p each as a result of the exercise of 
warrants, raising £122,000, and 416,667 ordinary shares were issued also at 2.4p each to settle a liability of 
£10,000. 

On 14 May 2020, 21,344,262 shares of 1p were issued at 7p each and 3,395,678 ordinary shares were issued 
at 5.5p each, all to the Hessia Group, to settle US$ 2,250,000 £1,680,861 being the balance due for the 
acquisition of a further interest in the Aje Field. 

66

Annual Report 2020

Notes To The Financial Statements

18.OTHER RESERVES

Shares to be 
issued

Reserve for 
options 
granted

Reserve for 
warrants 
issued

Convertible 
loan note 
reserve

Other 
reserves

£’000

£’000

£’000

£’000

£’000

Balance at 1 January 2019

Issue of new shares

Share issue costs

Share options lapsed

Share warrants lapsed/
cancelled

Balance at 31 December 2019

Issue of new shares

Warrants issued in settlement 
of fees

Warrants exercised

Issue of convertible loans

Balance at 31 December 2020

19.SHARE WARRANTS

−

150

−

−

−

150

150

−

−

−

−

172

−

−

172

−

−

−

−

−

−

−

783

299

21

−

383

720

16

170

106

−

800

−

−

−

−

−

−

−

−

−

17

17

955

155

21

172

383

870

134

170

106

17

817

In the following paragraphs the number of warrants issued prior to June 2019 have been adjusted to reflect 
the 1 for 100 share consolidation. 

On 8 January 2020, the Company issued 2,148,000 share warrants to advisers in respect of a private 
placing. The warrants are exercisable at 8p per share for a period of 2 years from the date of issue. 

On 6 May 2020, the Company issued 8,333,333 share warrants in respect of arrangement fees. The 
warrants are exercisable at 2.4p per share for a period of 2 years from the date of issue. 

On 25 August 2020, the Company issued 4,705,882 share warrants in respect of arrangement fees. The 
warrants when issued were exercisable at 5.5p per share for a period of 2 years from the date of issue. In 
accordance with the warrant agreement the exercise price of these warrants has subsequently been 
amended to 4.25p per share. On the same date 909,091 warrants were issued in settlement of consultancy 
fees, exercisable at 5.5p per share for a period of 2 years from the date of issue. Also on the same date 
120,000 warrants were issued in connection with an equity subscription, exercisable at 5.5p per share for a 
period of 5 years from the date of issue. 

Annual Report 2020

67

 
Notes To The Financial Statements

19.SHARE WARRANTS (continued)

The fair value of the share warrants at the date of issue was calculated by reference to the Black-Scholes 
model. The significant inputs to the model in respect of the warrants issued in the year were as follows: 

Issue date

Issue date 
share price

8 Jan 
2020

6 May 
2020

25 Aug 
2020

25 Aug 
2020

25 Aug 
2020

10 April 
2019

Oct/Nov 
2019

4.75p

2.4p

5.5p

5.5p

5.5p

5.5p

5.025p

Exercise price 
per share

8p

2.4p

4.25p

5.5p

5.5p

4p

8p

No. of 
warrants

2,148,000 8,333,333

4,705,882 909,091

120,000

8,000,000

12,726,001

Risk free rate

1%

1%

1%

1%

1%

1%

1%

Expected 
volatility

Expected life 
of warrant

Calculated fair 
value per 
share

50%

50%

50%

50%

50%

50%

50%

2 years

2 years

2 years

2 years

5 years

5 years

2 years

0.58612p

0.68054p

2.09916p

1.55958p

2.41010p

2.9133p

0.6896p

The share warrants outstanding at 31 December 2020 and their weighted average exercise price are as 
follows:

2020

2019

Weighted 
average 
exercise price

Number

(pence)

18,801,601

2,148,000

8,333,333

4,705,882

1,029,091

7,291,666

6.71

8.00

2.40

4.25

5.50

2.40

Number

866,667

8,000,000

12,726,601

-

-

1,925,000

-

-

866,667

Outstanding at 1 January 

Issued

Issued

Issued

Issued

Exercised 

Lapsed or cancelled 

Outstanding at 31 December

27,726,241

6.18

18,801,601

Weighted average 
exercise price

(pence)

123.00

4.00

8.00

-

-

4.00

123.00

6.71

68

Annual Report 2020

Notes To The Financial Statements

19.SHARE WARRANTS (continued)

The fair value of the share warrants recognised as part of the premium paid in respect of the share 
subscriptions in the year was £16,000 and in respect of the share warrants issued in settlement of fees 
£170,000 was recognised as the fair value expense in the income statement. Both these amounts were 
credited to the share warrant reserve. In 2019, £320,000 was recognised in the financial statements as the 
fair value of warrants issued. 

20.RISK MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES

CAPITAL RISK MANAGEMENT 

The Group's objectives when managing capital are:  

‣ to safeguard the Group's ability to continue as a going concern, so that it continues to provide 

returns and benefits for shareholders; 

‣ to support the Group's growth; and 
‣ to provide capital for the purpose of strengthening the Group's risk management capability.  

The Group actively and regularly reviews and manages its capital structure to ensure an optimal capital 
structure and equity holder returns, taking into consideration the future capital requirements of the Group 
and capital efficiency, prevailing and projected profitability, projected operating cash flows, projected 
capital expenditures and projected strategic investment opportunities. Management regards total equity as 
capital and reserves, for capital management purposes. 

The Group is exposed to a variety of financial risks which result from both its operating and investing 
activities. The Group’s risk management is coordinated by the board of directors, and focuses on actively 
securing the Group’s short to medium term cash flows by minimising the exposure to financial markets. 

Management review the Group’s exposure to currency risk, interest rate risk, liquidity risk on a regular basis 
and consider that through this review they manage the exposure of the Group on a near term needs basis. 

There is no material difference between the book value and fair value of the Group’s cash. 

MARKET PRICE RISK 

The Group’s exposure to market price risk mainly arises from potential movements in the fair value of its 
investments. The Group manages this price risk within its long-term investment strategy to manage a 
diversified exposure to the market. If each of the Group’s equity investments were to experience a rise or 
fall of 10% in their fair value, this would result in the Group’s net asset value and statement of 
comprehensive income increasing or decreasing by £88,000 2019 £20,000. 

Annual Report 2020

69

 
Notes To The Financial Statements

20.RISK MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES (continued)

INTEREST RATE RISK 

The Group and Company manage the interest rate risk associated with the Group’s cash assets by 
ensuring that interest rates are as favourable as possible, whilst managing the access the Group requires 
to the funds for working capital purposes. 

The Group’s cash and cash equivalents are subject to interest rate exposure due to changes in interest 
rates. Short-term receivables and payables are not exposed to interest rate risk. 

CREDIT RISK 

The Group's financial instruments, which are exposed to credit risk, are considered to be mainly loans and 
receivables, and cash and cash equivalents. The credit risk for cash and cash equivalents is not considered 
material since the counterparties are reputable banks. The maximum exposure to credit risk for loans and 
receivables is as set out in the table below, and relates to the financing of the Group’s joint venture 
interests.  

The Group's exposure to credit risk is limited to the carrying amount of the financial assets recognised at 
the balance sheet date, as summarised below: 

Cash and cash equivalents

Loans and receivables

LIQUIDITY RISK 

2020 

£’000

30

42

72

2019 

£’000

15

498

513

Liquidity risk is managed by means of ensuring sufficient cash and cash equivalents are held to meet the 
Group’s payment obligations arising from administrative expenses. The cash and cash equivalents are 
invested such that the maximum available interest rate is achieved with minimal risk. 

70

Annual Report 2020

Notes To The Financial Statements

21.FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The Group uses financial instruments, other than derivatives, comprising cash to provide funding for the 
Group's operations. 

CATEGORIES OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The IFRS 9 categories of financial asset included in the statement of financial position and the headings in 
which they are included are as follows: 

FINANCIAL ASSETS

Cash and cash equivalents

Investments held for trading (see fair value measurements below)

FINANCIAL ASSETS BY IFRS 7 FAIR VALUE HIERARCHY

Level 3  Investments held for trading

2020

£’000

2019

£’000

30

878

878

878

15

200

864

864

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS 

The Group holds quoted investments that are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period 
using the IFRS 7 fair value hierarchy as set out below. 

Level 1  valued using quoted prices in active markets for identical assets. 

Level 2  valued by reference to valuation techniques using observable inputs other than quoted prices 
included within Level 1. 

Level 3  valued by reference to valuation techniques using inputs that are not based on observable market 
data. 

The valuation techniques used by the Group are explained in the accounting policy note, “Investments held 
for trading”. 

Annual Report 2020

71

 
Notes To The Financial Statements

21.FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (continued)

FINANCIAL LIABILITIES AT AMORTISED COST

The IFRS 9 categories of financial liabilities included in the statement of financial position and the headings 
in which they are included are as follows: 

Trade and other payables

Borrowings

2020

£’000

3,700

920

2019

£’000

1,350

−

The following table details the Group’s remaining contractual maturity for its non-derivative financial 
liabilities with agreed repayment periods. The table has been drawn up based on the undiscounted cash 
flows of financial liabilities based on the earliest repayment date on which the Group can be required to 
pay. The table includes both interest and principal cash flows. To the extent that interest flows are floating 
rate, the undiscounted amount is derived from the interest rate curves at the balance sheet date. The 
contractual maturity is based on the earliest date on which the Group may be required to pay. 

Less than  
1 month

13  

months

3 months  
to 1 year

15  

years

Over 5 
 years

£’000

£’000

£’000

£’000

£’000

2020 

Interest bearing:

Borrowings

Non-interest bearing:

Trade and other payables

2019

Interest bearing:

Borrowings

Non-interest bearing:

Trade and other payables

−

−

−

−

−

339

581

934

−

1,350

−

−

−

2,766

−

−

−

−

−

−

As at 31 December 2020 the Group had net debt (defined as cash less borrowings) of £890,000 2019 net 
cash of £15,000. The movement arose entirely through cash flows with the exception of £297,000 which 
has been re-classified as non-current debt (see note 15. 

72

Annual Report 2020

Notes To The Financial Statements

22. CONTINGENT LIABILITIES

OML 113 joint agreement 

The Group recognises a liability in respect of its participation in the OML 113 Joint Operating Agreement. The 
liability disclosed in these accounts is based on a reconciliation of the amounts owed under the operating 
agreement entered into by the Group and other participators in the OML 113 operation. The reconciliation is 
based on returns and reconciliations provided by the project’s operator, which references the Group’s share 
of revenue received and costs incurred. It is understood that some of the partners disagreed with the 
amounts shown in the reconciliation and so an audit is currently in progress to confirm the balances due by 
the partners in respect of the joint operating agreement. At this stage it is not possible to estimate what 
effect the result of the audit may have on the Group’s liability, but when the audit is concluded, possibly 
within the next three months, it is possible that there may be a material change to the Group’s liability. It 
remains the Directors expectation that the Group’s liability will be settled against the Group’s share of project 
revenues such that the Group will experience no additional cash outflow. 

23. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

The remuneration of the Directors, who are key management personnel of the Group, is set out in the report 
on Directors’ Remuneration. 

24. ULTIMATE CONTROLLING PARTY

The Directors do not consider there to be a single ultimate controlling party.

25. POST PERIOD END EVENTS

‣ On 29 January 2021, the company announced that it had extended its strategic alliance with Trafigura 

Pte Ltd for conditional financing of up to $120 million by twelve months. 

‣ On 24 March 2021, the Company announced that it had raised approximately £1,220,000 of equity 

issuing 28,710,250 ordinary shares at a price of 4.25 pence per share. 

‣ On 8 April 2021, the Company announced that it had issued 443,627 ordinary shares to a participant 
of the £200,000 loan facility announced on 27 April 2020 and the £200,000 loan facility announced 
on 25 August 2020 to settle the £15,000 interest accrued on the loans. 208,333 ordinary shares were 
issued at a price of 2.4 pence per share and 235,294 ordinary shares were issued at a price of 4.25 
pence per share. 

Annual Report 2020

73

 
Notes To The Financial Statements

25. POST PERIOD END EVENTS (continued)

‣ On 28 April 2021, the Company announce the completion of the Barracuda Field transaction 

acquiring a 51% interest in KONH UK Ltd which holds a 70% interest in the rights, benefits and 
obligations under the risk sharing agreement for the development of the large-scale Barracuda Field 
in OML 141. As part of the consideration 5,657,912 ordinary shares were issued at a price of 7 pence 
per share. 

‣ On 4th May 2021, the Company announced that CEO Osa Okhomina purchased 480,446 ordinary 

shares at 3.45 pence per share. 

‣ On 20 May 2021, the company announced the disposal of its interest in Superdielectrics Ltd selling 

188,778 shares at a price of £4.50 per share. 

‣ On 22 June 2021, the Company announced that it had extended 2 loan agreements. £100,000 had 
been extended to 31 December 2021, and £100,000 had been extended to 30 June 2022. 4,705,882 
new warrants were issued in respect of the loan extension.  

74

Annual Report 2020