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AutoCanada Inc.

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FY2020 Annual Report · AutoCanada Inc.
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Independent auditor’s report 

To the Shareholders of AutoCanada Inc. 

Our opinion 

In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, 
the financial position of AutoCanada Inc. and its subsidiaries (together, the Company) as at December 31, 
2020 and 2019, and its financial performance and its cash flows for the years then ended in accordance 
with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). 

What we have audited 
The Company’s consolidated financial statements comprise: 

 

 

 

 

 

the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 
2019; 

the consolidated statements of financial position as at December 31, 2020 and 2019; 

the consolidated statements of changes in equity for the years then ended; 

the consolidated statements of cash flows for the years then ended; and 

the notes to the consolidated financial statements, which include significant accounting policies and 
other explanatory information. 

Basis for opinion 

We conducted our audit in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards. Our 
responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of 
the consolidated financial statements section of our report. 

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for 
our opinion. 

Independence 
We are independent of the Company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our 
audit of the consolidated financial statements in Canada. We have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities 
in accordance with these requirements. 

Key audit matters 

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our 
audit of the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2020. These matters were 

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Stantec Tower, 10220 103 Avenue NW, Suite 2200, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T5J 0K4 
T: +1 780 441 6700, F: +1 780 441 6776 

“PwC” refers to PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an Ontario limited liability partnership. 

addressed in the context of our audit of the consolidated financial statements as a whole, and in forming 
our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.  

Key audit matter 

How our audit addressed the key audit matter 

Impairment assessment of goodwill and 
intangible assets 

Our approach to addressing the matter included 
the following procedures, among others: 

Refer to note 3 – Significant Accounting Policies 
and note 21 – Impairment of non-financial assets 
to the consolidated financial statements. 

The Company had goodwill of $25,734 thousand 
and intangible assets of $399,633 thousand as at 
December 31, 2020. Management performs an 
impairment test annually, or more frequently if 
events or changes in circumstances indicate that 
the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An 
impairment assessment is conducted at the level 
of a cash generating unit (CGU), which is the 
lowest level for which there are separately 
identifiable cash flows. An impairment loss is 
recognized if the carrying amount of a CGU 
exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable 
amount of each CGU is based on the greater of 
fair value less costs to dispose (FVLCD) and 
value in use (VIU). 

Under the FVLCD approach, fair value is 
calculated based on an applicable multiple 
applied to projected earnings before interest, 
taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA). In 
arriving at the FVLCD, the Company considers 
projected operating margins, EBITDA multiples 
and growth rates as significant assumptions. 
Under the VIU approach, the discounted cash 
flow (DCF) method is used, which involves 
projecting cash flows and converting them into a 
present value equivalent through discounting. 
Significant assumptions used in the VIU approach 
include projected operating margins, growth rates 
and discount rates. Based on the impairment 
assessment, management recognized an 
impairment charge of $20,285 thousand, which 

  Tested how management determined the 
recoverable amount for scoped in CGUs, 
which included the following: 

  Tested the appropriateness of the 

methods used and the mathematical 
accuracy of FVLCD and VIU calculations. 

  Tested the projected operating margins 

and growth rates applied by management 
in the applicable model by comparing 
them to the budget, management’s 
strategic plans approved by the Board, 
available third party published economic 
data and the results historically achieved 
by the respective CGUs. 

  Professionals with specialized skill and 
knowledge in the field of valuation 
assisted in testing the reasonableness of 
the discount rates applied by 
management based on available data of 
comparable companies and in testing the 
reasonableness of the EBITDA multiples 
by comparing to market data, as well as 
assessing the valuation methodologies 
used. 

  Tested the accuracy and completeness 

of underlying data used in the FVLCD 
and VIU models. 

  Tested the disclosures made in the 

consolidated financial statements, including 
the sensitivity of the significant assumptions 
used. 

Key audit matter 

How our audit addressed the key audit matter 

consists of $5,230 thousand allocated to goodwill 
and $15,055 thousand allocated to intangible 
assets. 

We considered this a key audit matter due to (i) 
the significance of the goodwill and intangible 
asset balances and (ii) the significant judgment 
made by management in determining the 
recoverable amounts of the CGUs, including the 
use of significant assumptions. This has resulted 
in a high degree of subjectivity and audit effort in 
performing audit procedures to test the significant 
assumptions. Professionals with specialized skill 
and knowledge in the field of valuation assisted 
us in performing our procedures.  

Other information 

Management is responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the Management’s 
Discussion and Analysis. 

Our opinion on the consolidated financial statements does not cover the other information and we do not 
express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. 

In connection with our audit of the consolidated financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other 
information identified above and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially 
inconsistent with the consolidated financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit, or 
otherwise appears to be materially misstated. 

If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other 
information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard. 

Responsibilities of management and those charged with governance for the 
consolidated financial statements 

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the consolidated financial 
statements in accordance with IFRS, and for such internal control as management determines is 
necessary to enable the preparation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material 
misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. 

In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is responsible for assessing the 
Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going 
concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless management either intends to liquidate 
the Company or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so. 

Those charged with governance are responsible for overseeing the Company’s financial reporting 
process.  

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the consolidated financial statements 

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements as 
a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s 
report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a 
guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards 
will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and 
are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence 
the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these consolidated financial statements. 

As part of an audit in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards, we exercise 
professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also: 

 

Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, 
whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and 
obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of 
not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, 
as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of 
internal control. 

  Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures 

that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the 
effectiveness of the Company’s internal control. 

  Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting 

estimates and related disclosures made by management. 

  Conclude on the appropriateness of management’s use of the going concern basis of accounting and, 
based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or 
conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. If 
we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor’s report 
to the related disclosures in the consolidated financial statements or, if such disclosures are 
inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to 
the date of our auditor’s report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Company to 
cease to continue as a going concern.  

  Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the consolidated financial statements, 

including the disclosures, and whether the consolidated financial statements represent the underlying 
transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation. 

  Obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the entities or 
business activities within the Company to express an opinion on the consolidated financial 
statements. We are responsible for the direction, supervision and performance of the group audit. We 
remain solely responsible for our audit opinion. 

We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope 
and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal 
control that we identify during our audit.  

We also provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with relevant 
ethical requirements regarding independence, and to communicate with them all relationships and other 
matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, related 
safeguards. 

From the matters communicated with those charged with governance, we determine those matters that 
were of most significance in the audit of the consolidated financial statements of the current period and 
are therefore the key audit matters. We describe these matters in our auditor’s report unless law or 
regulation precludes public disclosure about the matter or when, in extremely rare circumstances, we 
determine that a matter should not be communicated in our report because the adverse consequences of 
doing so would reasonably be expected to outweigh the public interest benefits of such communication. 

The engagement partner on the audit resulting in this independent auditor’s report is Steven Hollinger. 

/s/PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Chartered Professional Accountants 

Edmonton, Alberta 
March 2, 2021 

Consolidated Financial Statements

For the year ended December 31, 2020

AutoCanada Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss 
For the Years Ended 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars except for share and per share amounts)

Revenue (Note 6)
Cost of sales (Note 7)
Gross profit
Operating expenses (Note 8)
Operating profit before other income (expense)
Lease and other income, net (Note 10)
Gain on disposal of assets, net (Note 10)
Impairment of non-financial assets (Note 21)
Restructuring charges (Note 35)
Operating profit (loss)
Finance costs (Note 11)
Finance income (Note 11)
Gain (loss) on redemption liabilities (Note 15)
Other losses
Net loss for the year before tax
Income taxes (Note 12)
Net loss for the year

Other comprehensive loss
Items that may be reclassified to profit or loss
Foreign operations currency translation
Change in fair value of cash flow hedge (Note 35)
Income tax relating to cash flow hedges
Other comprehensive loss for the year, net of tax

Comprehensive loss for the year

Net loss for the year attributable to:
AutoCanada shareholders
Non-controlling interests

Comprehensive loss for the year attributable to:

AutoCanada shareholders
Non-controlling interests

Net loss per share attributable to AutoCanada shareholders:
Basic
Diluted

Weighted average shares
Basic (Note 30)
Diluted (Note 30)

December 31, 
2020
$
3,329,494 
(2,782,168) 
547,326 
(461,663) 
85,663 
7,386 
1,370 
(24,207) 
— 
70,212 
(72,505) 
808 
762 
(482)
(1,205) 
5,418 
(6,623) 

December 31, 
2019
$
3,476,111 
(2,905,616) 
570,495 
(499,768) 
70,727 
10,701 
11,014 
(36,575) 
(13,393) 
42,474 
(68,784) 
912 
(550) 
(350)
(26,298) 
775 
(27,073) 

(2,089) 
(10,938) 
2,836 

(10,191) 
(16,814) 

(7,455) 
832 
(6,623) 

(17,646) 
832 
(16,814) 

(0.27) 
(0.27) 

(7,083) 
(2,424) 
635 

(8,872) 
(35,945) 

(28,353) 
1,280 
(27,073) 

(37,225) 
1,280 
(35,945) 

(1.03) 
(1.03) 

27,313,140 
27,313,140 

27,420,483 
27,420,483 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Approved on behalf of the Company

Paul W. Antony, Director

Barry L. James, Director

Page 1  •  AutoCanada

AutoCanada Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents (Note 16)
Trade and other receivables (Note 17)
Inventories (Note 18)
Current tax recoverable 
Other current assets (Note 22)
Assets held for sale (Note 19)

Property and equipment (Note 20)
Right-of-use assets (Note 25)
Other long-term assets (Note 22)
Deferred income tax  (Note 12)
Intangible assets (Note 21)
Goodwill (Note 21)

LIABILITIES
Current liabilities
Trade and other payables (Note 23)
Revolving floorplan facilities (Note 24)
Current tax payable 
Vehicle repurchase obligations (Note 27)
Indebtedness (Note 24)
Redemption liabilities (Note 15)
Lease liabilities (Note 25)
Other liabilities

Long-term indebtedness (Note 24)
Long-term lease liabilities (Note 25)
Long-term redemption liabilities (Note 15)
Derivative financial instruments (Note 35)
Other long-term liabilities (Note 35)
Deferred income tax  (Note 12)

EQUITY
Attributable to AutoCanada shareholders
Attributable to non-controlling interests

December 31, 
2020
$

December 31, 
2019
$

107,704 
118,650 
699,200 
— 
8,931 
1,039 
935,524 
203,525 
308,897 
14,337 
12,732 
399,633 
25,734 
1,900,382 

137,510 
761,943 
5,030 
4,526 
65 
7,557 
24,079 
2,176 
942,886 
197,166 
363,850 
435 
22,146 
8,428 
2,651 
1,537,562 

341,874 
20,946 
362,820 
1,900,382 

55,555 
132,625 
821,455 
4,162 
8,502 
14,193 
1,036,492 
197,410 
303,536 
5,042 
13,029 
410,293 
24,115 
1,989,917 

134,971 
832,158 
— 
7,802 
127 
15,498 
21,208 
1,240 
1,013,004 
213,305 
359,255 
— 
6,186 
9,767 
20,301 
1,621,818 

353,607 
14,492 
368,099 
1,989,917 

Commitments and contingencies (Note 28)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Page 2  •  AutoCanada  

AutoCanada Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity
For the Years Ended
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

Attributable to AutoCanada shareholders

Share
capital
$

Contributed
surplus
$

Cumulative
translation
adjustment
$

OCI - 
hedge 
reserve
$

Accumulated
deficit
$

Non-
controlling
interests
$

Total
$

Total
equity
$

 509,890 

6,463 

(947) 

(4,535) 

(157,264)    353,607 

14,492 

  368,099 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(2,081) 

(3)

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

—

(191)

306 

(306)

— 

4,029 

— 

— 

(7,455) 

(7,455) 

832 

(6,623) 

(2,089) 

(8,102) 

— 

(10,191) 

— 

(10,191) 

— 

— 

(2,743) 

(2,743) 

— 

(2,743) 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

—

—

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

12,524 

12,524 

1,071 

1,071 

7,973 

7,973 

(7,973) 

— 

(1,071) 

(1,071) 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(2,081) 

(3)

(191)

— 

— 

— 

—

—

—

(1,071) 

(2,081) 

(3) 

(191) 

— 

— 

4,029 

— 

4,029 

508,112 

9,995 

(3,036)   (12,637) 

(160,560)    341,874 

20,946 

  362,820 

Balance, January 1, 
2020

Net (loss) income

Other 
comprehensive loss
Dividends declared 
on common shares 
(Note 30)

Reorganization of 
non-controlling 
interests (Note 15)
Non-controlling 
interests arising on 
acquisition (Note 13)

Acquisition of non-
controlling interest 
(Note 15)
Recognition of 
redemption liability 
granted to non-
controlling interests 
(Note 15)
Treasury shares 
acquired (Note 30)

Dividends reinvested  
(Note 30)

Settlement of share- 
based awards  (Note 
29)
Shares settled from 
treasury (Note 30)

Share-based 
compensation (Note 
29)

Balance, December 
31, 2020

Page 3  •  AutoCanada

Attributable to AutoCanada shareholders

Share 
capital
$

Contributed
 surplus
$

Cumulative
translation
adjustment
$

OCI - 
hedge 
reserve
$

Accumulated 
deficit
$

Non-
controlling
interests
$

Total
$

Total 
equity
$

Balance, December 31, 
2018 as originally 
presented

Measurement period 
adjustments

Change in accounting policy

 509,538   

5,109 

6,136 

  (2,746)   

(89,469)   428,568 

18,739 

 447,307 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

—  

— 

— 

(8,014)   

(8,014)   

— 

(8,014) 

(20,460)    (20,460)   

— 

(20,460) 

Balance, January 1, 2019

 509,538   

5,109 

6,136 

  (2,746)   

(117,943)   400,094   

18,739 

  418,833 

Net (loss) income

Other comprehensive 
income

Dividends declared on 
common shares (Note 30)

Dividends declared by 
subsidiaries to non-
controlling interests (Note 15)

Acquisition of non-
controlling interest

Forward share purchase 
(Note 35)

Dividends reinvested  (Note 
30)
Shares settled from treasury 
(Note 30)

Share-based compensation 
(Note 29)
Balance, December 31, 
2019

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(17)   

369 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(3,466) 

— 

15 

— 

4,805 

—  

— 

(28,353)   

(28,353)   

1,280 

(27,073) 

(7,083)   

(1,789)   

— 

(8,872)   

— 

(8,872) 

—  

— 

(10,968)   

(10,968)   

— 

(10,968) 

— 

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(1,350)   

(1,350) 

(4,177)   

(4,177) 

(3,466)   

(17)   

384 

4,805 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(3,466) 

(17) 

384 

4,805 

 509,890   

6,463 

(947)    (4,535)   

(157,264)   353,607 

14,492 

 368,099 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Page 4  •  AutoCanada  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AutoCanada Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
For the Years Ended
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

Cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities
Net loss for the year
Adjustments for: 
Income taxes 
Amortization of deferred financing costs
Depreciation of property and equipment 
Depreciation of right-of-use assets
Amortization of terminated hedges (Note 35)
Gain on disposal of assets
Share-based compensation - equity-settled 
Share-based compensation - Used Digital Retail Division (Note 29)
Loss on extinguishment of debt (Note 11)
Unrealized fair value changes on interest rate swaps

Unrealized fair value changes on foreign exchange forward contracts (Note 35)
Revaluation of redemption liabilities (Note 15)
Loss on settlement of redemption liabilities (Note 15)
Income taxes (paid) recovered
Impairment of non-financial assets
Restructuring charges

Net change in non-cash working capital (Note 33)

Investing activities
Business acquisition, net of cash acquired (Note 13)
Purchases of property and equipment
Net change in non-cash investing working capital
Proceeds on sale of property and equipment
Proceeds on divestiture of dealerships

Financing activities
Proceeds from indebtedness
Repayment of indebtedness
Common shares settled, net
Dividends paid on common shares
Distributions paid to non-controlling interests by subsidiaries
Acquisition of non-controlling interests without a change in control (Note 15)
Acquisition of non-controlling interests from business acquisition (Note 13)
Principal elements of lease payments 

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year (Note 16)
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year (Note 16)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

December 
31, 2020
$

December 
31, 2019
$

(6,623)   

(27,073) 

5,418   
1,300   
17,372   
24,759   
2,308   
(1,370)   
4,029   
435   
4,002   
3,175   

(366)   
(2,108)   
1,346   
(10,984)   
24,207   
—   
70,965   
137,865   

(18,445)   
(20,966)   
(5,378)   
8,986   
683   
(35,120)   

226,882   
(245,505)   
(1,778)   
(2,743)   
—   
(8,250)   
1,071   
(20,692)   
(51,015)   
419   
52,149   

55,555   
107,704   

775 
760 
19,823 
23,404 
— 
(11,014) 
4,805 
— 
— 
— 

— 
550 
— 
5,018 
36,575 
13,393 
36,906 
103,922 

— 
(30,634) 
3,167 
88,129 
14,297 
74,959 

45,052 
(161,032) 
352 
(10,968) 
(1,350) 
— 
— 
(20,288) 
(148,234) 
(416) 
30,231 

25,324 
55,555 

Page 5  •  AutoCanada

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AutoCanada Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the Years Ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars except for share and per share amounts)

1 

General information

AutoCanada  Inc.  (“AutoCanada”  or  the  “Company”)  is  incorporated  in  Alberta,  Canada  with  common  shares 
listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange (“TSX”) under the symbol of “ACQ”. The business of AutoCanada, held in 
its subsidiaries, is the operation of franchised automobile dealerships and related businesses in the Provinces of 
British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, and in 
the  State  of  Illinois  in  the  United  States.  The  Company  offers  a  diversified  range  of  automotive  products  and 
services,  including  new  vehicles,  used  vehicles,  vehicle  leasing,  vehicle  parts,  vehicle  maintenance  and 
collision  repair  services,  extended  service  contracts,  vehicle  protection  products  and  other  after-market 
products. The Company also arranges financing and insurance for vehicle purchases by its customers through 
third  party  finance  and  insurance  sources.  The  address  of  its  registered  office  is  200,  15511  123  Avenue  NW, 
Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T5V 0C3.

2 

Basis of presentation

These  consolidated  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  International  Financial 
Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) and Canadian 
Generally  Accepted  Accounting  Principles  (“GAAP”)  as  set  out  in  the  CPA  Canada  Handbook  -  Accounting 
(“CPA Handbook”).

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS requires the use of certain critical 
accounting estimates. The areas where assumptions and estimates are significant to the consolidated financial 
statements are described in Note 5. 

These consolidated financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors on March 2, 2021.

3 

Significant accounting policies

The  significant  accounting  policies  used  in  the  preparation  of  these  consolidated  financial  statements  are  as 
follows:

Basis of measurement

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention, except for the 
revaluation of certain financial assets and financial liabilities to fair value, including derivative instruments and 
redemption liabilities.

Principles of consolidation

The  consolidated  financial  statements  comprise  the  financial  statements  of  AutoCanada  and  its  subsidiaries. 
Subsidiaries  are  all  entities  over  which  the  Company  has  control.  For  accounting  purposes,  control  is 
established by an investor when it is exposed to, or has rights to, variable returns from its involvement with the 
entity  and  has  the  ability  to  affect  those  returns  through  its  power  over  the  entity.  Subsidiaries  are  fully 
consolidated from the date control is transferred to the Company, and are no longer consolidated on the date 
control ceases.

Non-controlling interests represent equity interests in subsidiaries owned by outside parties. The share of net 
assets  of  subsidiaries  attributable  to  non-controlling  interests  is  presented  as  a  component  of  equity. 
Intercompany transactions, balances, income and expenses, and gains or losses on transactions are eliminated. 
Accounting  policies  of  subsidiaries  have  been  changed  where  necessary  to  ensure  consistency  with  the 
accounting policies adopted by the Company.

Page 6  •  AutoCanada  

 
 
Business combinations

Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting when the acquired set of 
activities and assets meet the definition of a business and control is transferred to the Company. This involves 
recognizing  identifiable  assets  (including  intangible  assets  not  previously  recognized  by  the  acquiree)  and 
liabilities  (including  contingent  liabilities)  of  acquired  businesses  at  fair  value  at  the  acquisition  date.  The 
excess of acquisition cost over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. If 
the acquisition cost is less than the fair value of the net assets acquired, the fair value of the net assets is re-
in  the  Consolidated  Statements  of 
assessed  and  any  remaining  difference 
Comprehensive Loss. Transaction costs are expensed as incurred. Any subsequent change to the fair value of 
contingent consideration liabilities is recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss.

is  recognized  directly 

Non-controlling interests

Non-controlling  interests  are  measured  initially  at  their  proportionate  share  of  the  acquiree’s  identifiable  net 
assets at the date of acquisition. Certain arrangements contain a vesting component where the non-controlling 
interest vests over a specified period. Changes in the Company’s interest in a subsidiary that do not result in a 
loss of control are accounted for as equity transactions.

Revenue recognition

(a) New and Used Vehicles 

The  Company  sells  new  and  used  vehicles  at  its  franchised  dealerships  and  related  businesses.  The 
transaction  price  for  a  vehicle  sale  is  determined  with  the  customer  at  the  time  of  sale.  Customers  often 
trade  in  their  own  vehicle  and  apply  the  value  against  the  purchase  price  of  a  new  or  used  vehicle.  The 
trade-in vehicle is considered non-cash consideration and is measured at fair value, based on external and 
internal market data, and applied toward the contract price for the purchased vehicle. 

When a vehicle is sold, control is transferred at a point in time upon delivery of the vehicle to the customer, 
which is generally at time of sale.  The Company does not directly finance customers’ vehicle purchases or 
leases,  however,  in  many  cases,  third  party  financing  is  arranged  for  the  sale  or  lease  of  vehicles  to  its 
customers in exchange for a fee paid to the Company by the third party financial institution. The Company 
receives payment directly from the customer at the time of sale or from the third party financial institution 
(referred to as contracts-in-transit or vehicle receivables, which are part of the Company's receivables from 
contracts with customers) within a short period of time following the sale.

(b)  Parts, service and collision repair

The  Company  sells  parts  and  services  related  to  customer-paid  repairs  and  maintenance,  repairs  and 
maintenance under manufacturer warranties and extended service contracts, and collision-related repairs. 

Each automotive repair and maintenance service is a single performance obligation that includes both the 
parts  and  labour  associated  with  the  service.  Payment  for  automotive  service  work  is  typically  due  upon 
completion  of  the  service,  which  is  generally  completed  within  a  short  period  of  time  from  contract 
inception. The transaction price for automotive repair and maintenance services is based on the parts used, 
the  number  of  labour  hours  applied,  and  standardized  hourly  labour  rates.  The  Company  satisfies  its 
performance  obligations,  transfers  control,  and  recognizes  revenue  over  time  for  repair  and  maintenance 
services because it is creating an asset with no alternative use and has an enforceable right to payment for 
performance completed to date. 

The  transaction  price  for  retail  counter  parts  sales  is  determined  at  the  time  of  sale  based  on  the  quantity 
and price of each product purchased. Payment is typically due at the time of sale, or within a short period of 
time following the sale.  Control is generally considered to transfer at the point of sale or when the products 
are shipped, which typically occurs the same day as or within a few days of the sale. 

(c)  Finance and insurance

The  Company  arranges  financing  for  customers  through  various  financial  institutions  and  receives  a 
commission from the lender based on the difference between the interest rate charged to the customer and 
the interest rate set by the financing institution, or a flat fee.

The  Company  also  receives  commissions  for  facilitating  the  sale  of  third-party  insurance  products  to 
customers, including credit and life insurance policies and extended service contracts. These commissions 
are recorded as revenue at the time the customer enters into the contract and the Company is entitled to 
the  commission.  The  Company  is  not  the  obligor  under  any  of  these  contracts.  In  the  case  of  finance 

Page 7  •  AutoCanada

 
contracts, a customer may fail to pay their contract, thereby terminating the contract. Customers may also 
terminate extended service contracts, which are fully paid at purchase, and become eligible for refunds of 
unused  premiums.  In  these  circumstances,  a  portion  of  the  commissions  the  Company  receives  may  be 
charged  back  to  the  Company  based  on  the  terms  of  the  contracts.  These  chargebacks  are  a  form  of 
variable  consideration  and  the  Company  only  recognizes  commission  revenue  at  the  estimated  amount  of 
consideration to which it ultimately expects to be entitled. This estimate is based on historical chargeback 
experience  arising  from  similar  contracts,  including  the  impact  of  refinance  and  default  rates  on  retail 
finance contracts and cancellation rates on extended service contracts and other insurance products.

For the majority of finance and insurance product sales, the Company’s performance obligation is to arrange 
for  the  provision  of  goods  or  services  by  another  party.  This  performance  obligation  is  satisfied  when  the 
finance and insurance product is delivered to the end-customer, generally at the time of the vehicle sale. As 
an  agent,  revenue  is  recognized  as  the  net  amount  retained  after  paying  the  third  party  provider  for  the 
goods or services that party is responsible for fulfilling.

Taxation

(a) Deferred tax

Deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities 
and  their  carrying  amounts  in  the  consolidated  statements  of  financial  position.  Deferred  tax  is  calculated 
using tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the reporting period, 
and  which  are  expected  to  apply  when  the  related  deferred  income  tax  asset  is  realized  or  the  deferred 
income tax liability is settled.

Deferred tax liabilities:

● are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences; and
● are not recognized on temporary differences that arise from goodwill which is not deductible for tax 

purposes.

Deferred tax assets:

● are  recognized  to  the  extent  it  is  probable  that  taxable  profits  will  be  available  against  which  the 

deductible temporary differences can be utilized; and

● are  reviewed  at  the  end  of  the  reporting  period  and  reduced  to  the  extent  that  it  is  no  longer 
probable  that  sufficient  taxable  profits  will  be  available  to  allow  all  or  part  of  the  asset  to  be 
recovered.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognized in respect of temporary differences that arise on initial 
recognition of assets and liabilities acquired other than in a business combination.

(b) Current tax

Current tax expense is based on the results for the period as adjusted for items that are not taxable or not 
deductible. Current tax is calculated using tax rates and laws that were enacted or substantively enacted at 
the  end  of  the  reporting  period.  Management  periodically  evaluates  positions  taken  in  tax  returns  with 
respect  to  situations  in  which  applicable  tax  regulation  is  subject  to  interpretation.  Provisions  are 
established where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.

Manufacturer incentives and other rebates

Various  incentives  from  manufacturers  are  received  based  on  achieving  certain  objectives,  such  as  specified 
sales  volume  targets.  These  incentives  are  typically  based  on  units  sold  to  retail  or  fleet  customers.  These 
manufacturer incentives are recognized as a reduction of new vehicle cost of sales when earned, generally at 
the latter of the time the related vehicles are sold or upon attainment of the particular program goals.

Manufacturer  rebates  to  the  Company's  dealerships  and  assistance  for  floorplan  interest  are  reflected  as  a 
reduction in the carrying value of each vehicle purchased by the Company. These incentives are recognized as 
a reduction to the cost of sales as the related vehicles are sold.

Manufacturer  advertising  rebates  that  are  reimbursements  of  costs  associated  with  specific  advertising 
expenses  are  earned  in  accordance  with  the  respective  manufacturers’  reimbursement-based  advertising 
assistance programs, which is typically after the corresponding advertising expenses have been incurred, and 
are reflected as a reduction in advertising expense included in administrative costs as an operating expense in 
the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss.

Page 8  •  AutoCanada  

 
 
Financial instruments

Financial  assets  and  financial  liabilities  are  recognized  on  the  Consolidated  Statements  of  Financial  Position 
when  the  Company  becomes  a  party  to  the  contractual  provisions  of  the  financial  instrument.  All  financial 
instruments are required to be measured at fair value on initial recognition. The Company’s own credit risk and 
the credit risk of the counter party are taken into consideration in determining the fair value of financial assets 
and financial liabilities.

Financial assets are recognized on the settlement date, which is the date on which the asset is delivered to or 
by the Company. Financial assets are derecognized when the rights to receive cash flows from the instruments 
have  expired  or  were  transferred  and  the  Company  has  transferred  substantially  all  risks  and  rewards  of 
ownership.

The  Company’s  financial  assets,  including  cash  and  cash  equivalents  and  trade  and  other  receivables,  are 
measured at amortized cost. The contractual cash flows received from the financial assets are solely payments 
of  principal  and  interest  and  are  held  within  a  business  model  whose  objective  is  to  collect  contractual  cash 
flows. The financial assets are initially recognized at fair value plus transaction costs and subsequently carried 
at amortized cost using the effective interest method.

The  Company’s  financial  liabilities  include  trade  and  other  payables,  revolving  floorplan  facilities,  vehicle 
repurchase  obligations,  current  and  long-term  indebtedness,  derivative  financial  instruments,  redemption 
liabilities  and  lease  liabilities.  Financial  liabilities  are  measured  at  amortized  cost  except  for  redemption 
liabilities,  non-hedge  interest  swaps,  and  contingent  consideration,  which  are  carried  at  fair  value  through 
profit or loss.

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash  and  cash  equivalents  include  cash  on  hand,  highly  liquid  investment  grade  short-term  investments  with 
maturities of three months or less and other liquid deposits held with financial institutions. 

Trade and other receivables

Trade  and  other  receivables  are  amounts  due  from  customers,  financial  institutions  and  suppliers  that  arise 
from  providing  services  or  sale  of  goods  in  the  ordinary  course  of  business.  Trade  and  other  receivables  are 
recognized  initially  at  fair  value  and  subsequently  measured  at  amortized  cost  using  the  effective  interest 
method.  The  Company  applies  the  simplified  approach  to  measuring  expected  credit  losses,  which  uses  a 
lifetime  expected  credit  loss  allowance  for  all  trade  receivables. The  carrying  amount  of  the  asset  is  reduced 
through  the  use  of  an  allowance  account,  and  the  amount  of  the  loss  is  recognized  in  the  Consolidated 
Statements of Comprehensive Loss within operating expenses.

When a trade and other receivable is uncollectible, it is written off against the allowance account for trade and 
other  receivables.  Subsequent  recoveries  of  amounts  previously  written  off  are  credited  against  operating 
expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss.

Inventories

New, used and demonstrator vehicle inventories are recorded at the lower of cost and net realizable value, with 
cost determined on a specific item basis. Parts and accessories inventories are carried at the lower of cost and 
net realizable value. Inventories of parts and accessories are accounted for using the “weighted-average cost” 
method.

In determining net realizable value for new vehicles, the Company primarily considers the age of the vehicles 
along  with  the  timing  of  annual  and  model  changeovers.  For  used  vehicles,  the  Company  considers  recent 
market data and trends such as loss histories along with the current age of the inventory. Parts inventories are 
primarily assessed considering excess quantity and continued usefulness of the part. The risk of loss in value 
related  to  parts  inventories  is  minimized  since  excess  or  obsolete  parts  can  generally  be  returned  to  the 
manufacturer.

Assets held for sale

Non-current assets and associated liabilities are classified as assets held for sale when their carrying amount is 
to be recovered principally through a sale transaction, rather than continuing use, and a sale is highly probable.

Assets  designated  as  held  for  sale  are  held  at  the  lower  of  carrying  amount  at  designation  and  fair  value  less 
costs to sell.

Depreciation is not charged against property and equipment classified as held for sale.

Page 9  •  AutoCanada

Property and equipment

Property  and  equipment  are  stated  at  cost  less  accumulated  depreciation  and  any  accumulated  impairment 
losses.  Cost  includes  expenditure  that  is  directly  attributable  to  the  acquisition  of  the  asset.  Residual  values, 
useful lives and methods of depreciation are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at each financial year-end. 
Land  is  not  depreciated.  Other  than  as  noted  below,  depreciation  of  property  and  equipment  is  provided  for 
over the estimated useful life of the assets on a declining balance basis at the following annual rates:

Machinery and equipment

Furniture, fixtures and other

Company and lease vehicles

Computer equipment

 20  %

 20  %

 30  %

 30  %

Buildings are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the buildings ranging from 
10 to 45 years. Useful lives are determined based on independent appraisals. 

The  useful  life  of  leasehold  improvements  is  determined  to  be  the  lesser  of  the  lease  term  or  the  estimated 
useful  life  of  the  improvement.  Leasehold  improvements  are  depreciated  using  the  straight-line  method  over 
the useful life of the asset.

Depreciation of leased vehicles is based on a straight-line depreciation of the difference between the cost and 
the estimated residual value at the end of the lease over the term of the lease. Leased vehicle residual values 
are regularly reviewed to determine whether depreciation rates are reasonable.

Intangible assets and goodwill

(a) Intangible assets

Intangible  assets  consist  of  rights  under  franchise  agreements  and  certifications  with  automobile 
manufacturers (“dealer agreements”). The Company has determined that dealer agreements will continue to 
contribute to cash flows indefinitely and, therefore, have indefinite lives due to the following reasons:

●  Specific dealer agreements continue indefinitely by their terms; and
●  Specific dealer agreements and certifications have limited terms, but are routinely renewed without 

substantial cost to the Company.

Intangible  assets  are  carried  at  cost  less  accumulated  impairment  losses.  When  acquired  in  a  business 
combination,  the  cost  is  determined  in  connection  with  the  purchase  price  allocation  based  on  their 
respective  fair  values  at  the  acquisition  date.  When  market  value  is  not  readily  determinable,  cost  is 
determined  using  generally  accepted  valuation  methods  based  on  revenues,  costs  or  other  appropriate 
criteria.

(b) Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the consideration transferred, the amount of any non-controlling interest 
in the acquirees, and the acquisition date fair value of any previous equity interest in the acquirees over the 
fair  value  of  the  identifiable  net  assets  of  the  acquired  subsidiary  at  the  date  of  acquisition.  Goodwill  is 
carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses.

Impairment

Impairments  are  recorded  when  the  recoverable  amounts  of  assets  are  less  than  their  carrying  amounts.  The 
recoverable  amount  is  the  higher  of  an  asset’s  fair  value  less  costs  to  dispose  or  its  value  in  use.  Impairment 
losses, other than those relating to goodwill, are evaluated for potential reversals of impairment when events or 
changes in circumstances warrant such consideration.

(a) Non-financial assets

The carrying values of non-financial assets with finite lives, such as property and equipment and right-of-use 
assets,  are  assessed  for  impairment  whenever  events  or  changes  in  circumstances  indicate  that  their 
carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped as 
cash generating units (CGUs), the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows.

(b) Intangible assets and goodwill

The  carrying  values  of  all  intangible  assets  with  indefinite  lives  and  goodwill  are  reviewed  for  impairment 
whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. 

Page 10  •  AutoCanada  

Additionally, the carrying values of identifiable intangible assets with indefinite lives and goodwill are tested 
annually for impairment. Specifically:

● Our  dealer  agreements  with  indefinite  lives  are  subject  to  an  annual  impairment  assessment.  For 
purposes  of  impairment  testing,  the  fair  value  of  the  Company's  dealer  agreements  is  determined 
using a combination of a discounted cash flow approach and earnings multiple approach.

● For  the  purpose  of  impairment  testing,  goodwill  is  allocated  to  CGUs  based  on  the  level  at  which 
management  monitors  it,  which  is  not  higher  than  an  operating  segment  before  aggregation. 
Goodwill is allocated to those CGUs that are expected to benefit from the business combination in 
which the goodwill arose.

Trade and other payables

Trade and other payables are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary 
course  of  business.  Trade  and  other  payables  are  recognized  initially  at  fair  value,  subsequently  measured  at 
amortized cost, and classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year. 

Provisions represent liabilities for which the amount or timing is uncertain. Provisions are recognized when the 
Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events, it is probable that an outflow 
of resources will be required to settle the obligation, and the amount can be reliably estimated. Provisions are 
not  recognized  for  future  operating  losses.  Provisions  are  measured  at  the  present  value  of  the  expected 
expenditures to settle the obligation using a discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time 
value  of  money  and  the  risks  specific  to  the  obligation.  The  increase  in  provisions  due  to  passage  of  time  is 
recognized as interest expense.

Leases

(a) The Company as a lessee

The Company leases various properties. Lease agreements range from 1 to 20 years but may have extension 
options as described below. Lease terms are negotiated on an individual basis and contain a wide range of 
different terms and conditions.

The  Company  recognizes  a  right-of-use  asset  and  a  corresponding  lease  liability  at  the  date  at  which  the 
leased asset is available for use by the Company. Each lease payment is allocated between the liability and 
finance cost. The finance cost is charged to profit or loss over the lease period so as to produce a constant 
periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability for each period. 

The  right-of-use  asset  is  depreciated  over  the  shorter  of  the  asset's  useful  life  and  the  lease  term  on  a 
straight-line basis.  

Assets  and  liabilities  arising  from  a  lease  are  initially  measured  on  a  present  value  basis.  Lease  liabilities 
include  the  net  present  value  of  fixed  payments  (including  in-substance  fixed  payments)  less  any  lease 
incentives receivable, variable lease payments that are based on an index or a rate, amounts expected to be 
payable by the lessee under residual value guarantees, the exercise price of a purchase option if the lessee 
is reasonably certain to exercise that option, and payments of penalties for terminating the lease if the lease 
term  reflects  the  lessee  exercising  that  option.  The  lease  payments  are  discounted  using  the  interest  rate 
implicit in the lease, if that rate can be determined, or the Company’s incremental borrowing rate. 

Right-of-use assets are measured at cost comprising the amount of the initial measurement of lease liability 
and any lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received, any 
initial direct costs, and restoration costs. 

Payments associated with short-term leases and leases of low-value assets are recognized on a straight-line  
basis as an expense in profit or loss. Short-term leases are leases with a lease term of 12 months or less. Low- 
value assets comprise IT equipment and office furniture.

(b) The Company as a lessor

Lease obligations are classified as either operating or finance, based on the substance of the transaction at 
inception of the lease. Classification is reassessed if the terms of the lease are changed. 

(i) Finance leases

Leases  in  which  substantially  all  the  risks  and  rewards  of  ownership  are  transferred  are  classified  as 
finance leases.

Page 11  •  AutoCanada

 
 
 
When assets are leased out under a finance lease, the present value of the lease payments is recognized 
as  a  receivable.  The  difference  between  the  gross  receivable  and  the  present  value  of  the  receivable  is 
recognized as unearned finance income.

The method for allocating gross earnings to accounting periods is referred to as the “actuarial method”. 
The  actuarial  method  allocates  rentals  between  finance  income  and  repayment  of  capital  in  each 
accounting  period  in  such  a  way  that  finance  income  will  emerge  as  a  constant  rate  of  return  on  the 
lessor’s net investment in the lease.

(ii) Operating leases

Leases  in  which  a  significant  portion  of  the  risks  and  rewards  of  ownership  is  retained  by  the  lessor  are 
classified as operating leases.

When assets are leased out under an operating lease, the asset is included in the Consolidated Statements 
of  Financial  Position  based  on  the  nature  of  the  asset.  Lease  income  on  operating  leases  is  recognized 
over the term of the lease on a straight-line basis.

Redemption liabilities

The  potential  cash  payments  related  to  put  options  issued  by  the  Company  over  the  equity  of  subsidiary 
companies  are  accounted  for  as  financial  liabilities  when  such  options  may  only  be  settled  other  than  by 
exchange of a fixed amount of cash, or another financial asset, or for a fixed number of shares in the subsidiary. 
The  amount  that  may  become  payable  under  the  option  on  exercise  is  initially  recognized  at  fair  value  within 
redemption liabilities with a corresponding charge directly to equity attributable to AutoCanada shareholders 
or share-based compensation. Subsequently, if the Company revises its estimates, the carrying amount of the 
redemption  liability  is  adjusted  and  the  adjustment  will  be  recognized  as  income  or  expenses  in  the 
Consolidated  Statements  of  Comprehensive  Loss.  Options  that  are  not  exercisable  for  at  least  one  year  from 
the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position date are presented as non-current liabilities.

Share capital

Ordinary  shares  are  classified  as  equity.  Incremental  costs  directly  attributable  to  the  issue  of  new  ordinary 
shares or options are shown in equity as a deduction, net of tax, from the proceeds. Where any group company 
purchases the Company’s equity share capital (treasury shares), the consideration paid, including any directly 
attributable  incremental  costs  (net  of  income  taxes)  is  deducted  from  equity  attributable  to  the  Company’s 
shareholders until the shares are cancelled or reissued. Where such ordinary shares are subsequently reissued, 
any  consideration  received,  net  of  any  directly  attributable  incremental  transaction  costs  and  the  related 
income tax effects, is included in equity attributable to the Company’s shareholders.

Dividends

Dividends on common shares are recognized in the Company’s consolidated financial statements in the period 
the dividends are declared by the Company’s Board of Directors.

Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is computed based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding 
during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the treasury stock method, which assumes that 
the cash that would be received on the exercise of options is applied to purchase shares at the average price 
during the period and that the difference between the number of shares issued on the exercise of options and 
the number of shares obtainable under this computation, on a weighted average basis, is added to the number 
of shares outstanding. Antidilutive options are not considered in computing diluted earnings per share.

Share-based payments

The Company operates a number of share-based compensation plans for the benefit of certain employees and 
Company directors, as described in Note 29.

The  accounting  for  a  share-based  payment  plan  is  based  on  whether  the  arrangement  is  classified  as  equity-
settled  or  cash-settled.    Equity-settled  arrangements  are  those  in  which  the  Company  receives  services  as 
consideration  for  its  own  equity  instruments.  Cash-settled  arrangements  arise  where  the  Company  pays  the 
employee cash amounts based on the value of the Company’s shares.

Page 12  •  AutoCanada  

The  fair  value  of  equity-settled  awards  is  recognized  as  an  expense  over  the  vesting  period  with  a 
corresponding increase in equity or redemption liabilities. The total amount to be expensed is determined by 
reference to the fair value of the options at the grant date.  

Foreign currency translation

The financial results of the dealerships that operate in the United States (U.S.) are translated from the functional 
currency  (USD)  into  the  reporting  currency  (CAD)  upon  consolidation.  Assets  and  liabilities  have  been 
translated to the reporting currency (CAD) using the exchange rates in effect on the Consolidated Statements 
of  Financial  Position  dates.  Revenue  and  expense  accounts  are  translated  using  the  average  exchange  rate 
during the period. The cumulative translation adjustments associated with the net assets of foreign subsidiaries 
are  recorded  in  accumulated  other  comprehensive  income  in  the  Consolidated  Statements  of  Changes  in 
Equity.

Goodwill and fair value adjustments arising on the acquisition of foreign operations are treated as assets and 
liabilities of the foreign operation and translated at the closing rate.

Derivative financial instruments

Derivatives  are  recognized  initially  at  fair  value  on  the  date  of  contract  inception  and  are  subsequently  re-
measured to current fair value at the end of each reporting period.  The accounting for subsequent changes in 
fair value depends on whether the instrument is designated as a hedging instrument and, if so, the nature of the 
item being hedged.  The Company currently designates certain derivatives as hedges of the interest rate cash 
flow risk associated with the cash flows of variable rate loans, and does not hold any derivatives for trading or 
speculative purposes.

At  the  inception  of  the  hedge  relationship,  the  Company  documents  the  economic  relationship  between  the 
hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk management objective and strategy for undertaking 
hedge  transactions.    The  effective  portion  of  changes  in  the  fair  value  of  qualifying  hedging  derivatives  is 
recognized  as  a  reserve  within  equity.    The  gain  or  loss  relating  to  any  ineffective  portion  is  recognized 
immediately in profit or loss.  The periodic net settlement of the interest rate swap is recognized in profit or loss 
within finance costs at the same time as the interest expense on the hedged borrowings.

Upon  the  expiry,  sale,  or  termination  of  a  hedging  instrument,  any  cumulative  deferred  gain  or  loss  and 
deferred costs of hedging remain in equity until the the original hedged transactions occur.

Further information on the Company’s risk management and hedge accounting is presented in Note 35.

Certain derivative instruments do not qualify for hedge accounting. Changes in the fair value of any derivative 
instrument  that  does  not  qualify  for  hedge  accounting  are  recognized  immediately  in  profit  or  loss  and  are 
included in other gains/(losses), as disclosed in Note 35.

The full fair value of a derivative instrument is classified as a non-current asset or liability when the remaining 
maturity of the hedged item is greater than one year.

Segment reporting

Operating  segments  are  components  of  an  entity  that  engage  in  business  activities  from  which  they  earn 
revenues and incur expenses, the operations for which can be clearly distinguished and for which the operating 
results are regularly reviewed by a chief operating decision maker to make resource allocation decisions and to 
assess performance. 

The Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) is identified as the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and 
will  serve  as  the  function  of  the  CODM.  The  CEO  is  responsible  for  allocating  resources  and  assessing  the 
performance of each dealership. In the absence of the CEO, the Executive Chairman will serve the function of 
the  CODM.  Supporting  the  CODM  will  be  the  President,  Canadian  Operations  and  the  President,  U.S. 
Operations, both of whom report to the CODM. As each of these individuals, with support from their respective 
management  teams,  report  to  the  CODM,  the  Company  will  report  segmented  information  by  Canadian 
Operations  and  U.S.  Operations.  Each  reportable  operating  segment  is  comprised  of  retail  automobile 
dealerships, which have been aggregated based on their economic similarities. 

The Company's CODM measures the performance of each operating segment based on operating profit, which 
is  defined  as  income  before  income  taxes,  net  finance  costs  and  other  income  (expense).  The  segmented 
information is set out in Note 36.

Page 13  •  AutoCanada

 
 
Government assistance

Government  assistance  received  by  the  Company  for  the  purpose  of  subsidizing  specific  expenses  is 
recognized  in  profit  or  loss  on  a  systematic  basis  in  the  periods  in  which  the  expenses  are  recognized,  as 
further  described  in  Note  8.  Government  assistance  received  by  the  Company  in  the  form  of  a  loan  is 
recognized as indebtedness until the criteria for forgiveness are met (Note 24).

4 New and amended accounting standards adopted in 2020

Amendments to IFRS 16 Leases

In  May  2020,  the  IASB  published  an  amendment  to  IFRS  16  that  provides  an  optional  practical  expedient  for 
lessees  from  assessing  whether  a  rent  a  concession  related  to  COVID-19  is  a  lease  modification.  Lessees  can 
elect to account for such rent concession in the same way as they would if they were not lease modifications. 
This  practical  expedient  is  applied  to  leases  with  similar  characteristics  and  circumstances  with  changes  in 
lease  payments  recognized  in  the  Consolidated  Statements  of  Comprehensive  Loss.  Leases  that  do  not  meet 
the criteria for the optional exemption are treated as a lease modification (Note 25).  

Amendments to IFRS 3 Business Combinations

The  Company  adopted  amendments  to  IFRS  3,  Definition  of  a  Business,  to  business  combinations,  which 
clarifies the definition of a business and provides additional guidance in the assessment of an acquisition. This 
amendment applies to transactions with acquisition dates are on or after January 1, 2020. There was no impact 
from this amendment in the current period.  

Interest Rate Benchmark Reform (Amendments to IFRS 9, IAS 39, IFRS 7, and IFRS 16)

The  Company  has  elected  to  early  adopt  amendments  to  IFRS  9,  IAS  39,  IFRS  7,  and  IFRS  16  Interest  Rate 
Benchmark  Reform  -  Phase  2,  as  issued  in  August  2020.    In  accordance  with  the  transition  provisions,  the 
amendments have been adopted retrospectively to hedging relationships and financial instruments.

Comparative amounts have not been restated, and there was no impact on the current period opening reserves 
amounts on adoption.

Hedge relationships

The ‘Phase 2’ amendments address issues arising during interest rate benchmark reform, including specifying 
when  the  ‘Phase  1’  amendments  will  cease  to  apply,  when  hedge  designations  and  documentation  should  be 
updated, and when hedges of the alternative benchmark rate as the hedged risk are permitted.  

The ‘Phase 1’ amendments provided temporary relief from applying specific hedge accounting requirements to 
hedging relationships directly affected by Interbank Offered Rate (IBOR) reform. The reliefs had the effect that 
IBOR  reform  should  not  generally  cause  hedge  accounting  to  terminate  prior  to  contracts  being  amended. 
However,  any  hedge 
in  the  Consolidated  Statements  of 
Comprehensive  Loss.  Furthermore,  the  amendments  set  out  triggers  for  when  the  reliefs  would  end,  which 
included the uncertainty arising from interest rate benchmark reform no longer being present.

ineffectiveness  continued  to  be  recorded 

In summary, the reliefs provided by the amendments that apply are:

● When  considering  the  ‘highly  probable’  requirement,  the  Company  has  assumed  that  the  Canadian 
Dollar Offered Rate (CDOR) interest rate on which its hedged debts are based does not change as a 
result of the IBOR reform.

● In  assessing  whether  the  hedge  is  expected  to  be  highly  effective  on  a  forward-looking  basis,  the 
Company has assumed that the CDOR interest rate on which the cash flows of the hedged debt and 
the interest rate swap that hedges it are based is not altered by the IBOR reform.

● The  Company  will  not  discontinue  hedge  accounting  during  the  period  of  IBOR-related  uncertainty 

solely because the retrospective effectiveness falls outside the required 80-125% range.

● When  considering  the  ‘highly  probable’  requirement,  the  Company  has  assumed  that  the  CDOR) 
interest rate on which its hedged debts are based does not change as a result of the IBOR reform.The 
Company has not recycled the cash flow hedge reserve relating to the period after the reforms take 
effect.

Page 14  •  AutoCanada  

 
 
For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020,  the  Company  has  adopted  the  following  hedge  accounting  reliefs 
provided by ‘Phase 2’ of the amendments:

●  Hedge designation: When the Phase 1 amendments cease to apply, the Company will amend its hedge 
designation to reflect changes which are required by IBOR reform, but only to make one or more of 
these changes:

•

•

•

designating an alternative benchmark rate (contractually or non-contractually specified) as a 
hedged risk;

amending  the  description  of  the  hedged  item,  including  the  description  of  the  designated 
portion of the cash flows or fair value being hedged; or

amending the description of the hedging instrument.

The Company will update its hedge documentation to reflect this change in designation by the end 
of  the  reporting  period  in  which  the  changes  are  made.  These  amendments  to  the  hedge 
documentation  do  not  require  the  Company  to  discontinue  its  hedge  relationships.  The  Company 
has not made any amendments to its hedge documentation in the reporting period relating to IBOR 
reform.

●    Amounts  accumulated  in  the  cash  flow  hedge  reserve:  When  the  Company  amends  its  hedge 
designation  as  described  above,  the  accumulated  amount  outstanding  in  the  cash  flow  hedge 
reserve is deemed to be based on the alternative benchmark rate (for example, when the Canadian 
Overnight  Repo  Rate  Average  (CORRA)  replaces  CDOR).  For  discontinued  hedging  relationships, 
when the interest rate benchmark on which the hedged future cash flows were based is changed as 
required by IBOR reform, the amount accumulated in the cash flow hedge reserve is also deemed to 
be based on the alternative benchmark rate for the purpose of assessing whether the hedged future 
cash flows are still expected to occur.

●    Risk  components:  The  Company  is  permitted  to  designate  an  alternative  benchmark  rate  as  a  non-
contractually specified risk component, even if it is not separately identifiable at the date when it is 
designated, provided that the Company reasonably expects that it will meet the requirements within 
24  months  of  the  first  designation  and  the  risk  component  is  reliably  measurable.  The  24-month 
period  applies  separately  to  each  alternative  benchmark  rate  which  the  Company  might  designate. 
During the period, the Company has not designated any risk components of alternative benchmark 
rates in any hedge relationships during the period.

Note  35  provides  the  required  disclosures  of  the  uncertainty  arising  from  the  IBOR  reform  for  hedging 
relationships for which the Company applied the reliefs.

Revolving floorplan and term facilities

‘Phase  2’  of  the  amendments  requires  that,  for  financial  instruments  measured  using  amortized  cost 
measurement,  changes  to  the  basis  for  determining  the  contractual  cash  flows  required  by  interest  rate 
benchmark  reform  are  reflected  by  adjusting  their  effective  interest  rate.  No  immediate  gain  or  loss  is 
recognized. The practical expedient is only applicable to changes that are required by interest rate benchmark 
reform,  which  is  the  case  if,  and  only  if,  the  change  is  necessary  as  a  direct  consequence  of  interest  rate 
benchmark reform and the new basis for determining the contractual cash flows is economically equivalent to 
the previous basis (that is, the basis immediately preceding the change). 

Where some or all of a change in the basis for determining the contractual cash flows of a financial liability does 
not meet the criteria above, the above practical expedient is first applied to the changes required by interest 
rate benchmark reform, including updating the instrument’s effective interest rate. Any additional changes are 
accounted  for  in  the  normal  way  (that  is,  assessed  for  modification  or  derecognition,  with  the  resulting 
modification gain/loss recognized immediately in profit or loss where the instrument is not derecognized).

Syndicate revolving floorplan and term facilities bear CDOR-based interest rates. Revolving floorplan facilities 
with Ally Financial bear interest rates based on USD London Interbank Offered Rate (‘USD LIBOR’). For the year 
ended December 31, 2020, the Company has not applied the practical expedients provided under ‘Phase 2’ to 
amendments as the applicable interest rates are still in effect. Refer to Note 24 for further detail regarding the 
applicable interest rates on revolving floorplan and term facilities.

Page 15  •  AutoCanada

 
 
     
5

Critical accounting estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates about the future. 
Estimates  are  continuously  evaluated  and  are  based  on  historical  experience  and  other  factors,  including 
expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.

Actual results may differ from these estimates. Critical estimates and assumptions were used to determine the 
value of the following assets and liabilities. 

Intangible assets and goodwill

Intangible  assets  and  goodwill  generally  arise  from  business  combinations.  The  Company  applies  the 
acquisition  method  of  accounting  to  these  transactions,  which  involves  the  allocation  of  the  cost  of  an 
acquisition to the underlying net assets acquired based on their respective estimated fair values. As part of this 
allocation  process,  the  Company  must  identify  and  attribute  values  to  the  intangible  assets  acquired.  These 
determinations  involve  significant  estimates  and  assumptions  regarding  cash  flow  projections,  economic  risk 
and weighted average cost of capital. 

These estimates and assumptions determine the amount allocated to intangible assets and goodwill. If future 
events  or  results  differ  significantly  from  these  estimates  and  assumptions,  the  Company  may  record 
impairment charges in the future.  

The  Company  tests,  at  least  annually  or  more  frequently  if  events  or  changes  in  circumstances  indicate  that 
they may be impaired, in accordance with its accounting policies. The recoverable amounts of CGUs have been 
estimated based on the greater of fair value less costs to dispose and value in use calculations (Note 21).

Inventories

Inventories are recorded at the lower of cost and net realizable value with cost determined on a specific item 
basis  for  new  and  used  vehicles.  In  determining  net  realizable  value  for  new  vehicles,  the  Company  primarily 
considers the age of the vehicles along with the timing of annual and model changeovers. For used vehicles, 
the Company considers recent market data and trends such as loss histories along with the current age of the 
inventory. The determination of net realizable value for inventories involves the use of estimates.

Redemption liabilities

Redemption liabilities arise during business combinations where non-controlling interest shareholders have the 
right to require the Company to redeem their equity interests in certain non-wholly owned subsidiaries (refer to 
Note 15). The redemption amounts are determined with reference to the future profitability generated by those 
subsidiaries  and  their  operating  businesses.  The  Company  will  initially  recognize  a  financial  liability  at  the 
present  value  of  the  estimated  redemption  amount  and,  at  the  end  of  each  subsequent  reporting  period,  the 
Company  will  revisit  its  estimates.  If  the  Company  revises  its  estimates,  the  Company  will  adjust  the  carrying 
amount of the financial liability to reflect revised estimated profitability and the adjustments will be recognized 
as income or expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss.

Leases

i. Critical judgments in determining the lease term  

Extension  and  termination  options  are  included  in  a  number  of  property  leases  held  by  the  Company.  In 
determining  the  lease  term,  management  considers  all  facts  and  circumstances  that  create  an  economic 
incentive to exercise an extension option, or not exercise a termination option. Extension options (or periods 
after  termination  options)  are  only  included  in  the  lease  term  if  the  lease  is  reasonably  certain  to  be 
extended (or not terminated). Potential future cash outflows have not been included in the lease liability if it 
is not reasonably certain that the leases will be extended. 

The  assessment  is  reviewed  if  a  significant  event  or  a  significant  change  in  circumstances  occurs  that 
affects this assessment and that is within the control of the lessee.

ii. Estimation uncertainty arising from variable lease payments

Certain leases contain variable payment terms that are linked to the consumer price index. 

Page 16  •  AutoCanada  

Restructuring charges

The Company has assumed it will not be able to sublet or otherwise realize any economic benefit from specific  
vacated  premises.  Should  these  circumstances  change,  some  or  all  of  the  provision  pertaining  to  the 
committed premises costs could be reversed in a future period. 

Deferred taxes

The  extent  to  which  deferred  tax  assets  are  recognized  is  based  on  estimates  of  future  profitability. 
Management  has  concluded  that  the  deferred  tax  assets  are  more  likely  than  not  to  be  recovered  using 
estimated  future  taxable  income,  based  on  approved  business  plans  and  budgets  for  each  segment.  The 
estimates  will  be  updated  in  future  periods,  which  may  result  in  increases  or  decreases  in  the  amount  of 
deferred tax assets recognized based on the amount judged more likely than not to be recoverable.

COVID-19 impacts

On    March    11,    2020,    the    World    Health    Organization    declared    the    novel    coronavirus    (COVID-19)    as    a  
global  pandemic.    In    response    to    the    COVID-19    pandemic,    global    government    authorities    introduced  
various recommendations  and  emergency  measures  to  limit  the  spread  of  the  pandemic,  including  non-
essential business  closures,  quarantines,  self-isolation,  social  and  physical  distancing,  and  shelter-in-place.  
These  measures    have    caused    disruptions    to    businesses    and    capital    markets    globally,    resulting    in    an  
economic slowdown.

Governments  have  reacted  with  significant  monetary  and  fiscal  intervention,  including  federal  stimulus 
packages  such  as  the  COVID-19  Economic  Response  Plan  in  Canada  and  the  CARES  Act  in  the  United  States. 
The Company has received funds under the Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy (CEWS) in Canada (Note 8) and 
the Small Business Association Paycheck Protection Program (SBA PPP) in the U.S. (Note 24).

Operations

Given  the  Company's  customer-facing  retail  operations,  the  initial  uncertainty  associated  with  the  COVID-19 
pandemic had an impact on the financial results of the Company. Regular operations have been impacted by 
mandatory  closures  in  certain  provincial  jurisdictions,  unpredictable  changes  in  customer  demand,  employee 
availability and safety for the provision of goods and services, supply chain disruptions, as well as altered credit 
and liquidity risk profiles. Management has incorporated the impact of these factors in its assessment of  trade 
and other receivables (Note 17) and impairment of non-financial assets (Note 21).

The  Company  has  addressed  these  risks  through  an  extensive  review  of  assets,  which  culminated  in  the 
adjustments  to  the  balances  noted  above,  an  amendment  to  the  credit  facility  (Note  24),  and  successfully 
negotiated rent concessions (Note 25). 

Impairment

The impacts of COVID-19 were incorporated into the annual impairment assessment performed as at December 
31, 2020. The recoverable amount of the Company's CGUs was compared against the carrying values, based on 
updated  cash  flow  projections  reflecting  management's  best  estimates  in  light  of  current  and  anticipated 
market  conditions.  These  projections  are  inherently  uncertain  due  to  the  indeterminable  future  impacts  
of COVID-19. Refer to Note 21 for the results of the impairment assessment. 

Page 17  •  AutoCanada

 
 
6   Revenue

New vehicles
Used vehicles
Parts, service and collision repair
Finance, insurance and other

7  Cost of sales

New vehicles
Used vehicles
Parts, service and collision repair
Finance, insurance and other

8  Operating expenses

2020
$

1,733,891   
1,010,881   
409,971   
174,751   
  3,329,494   

2019
$
1,939,614 
891,237 
479,727 
165,533 
3,476,111 

2020
$

2019
$
1,809,117 
841,782 
241,061 
13,656 
2,782,168    2,905,616 

1,625,561   
946,878   
197,001   
12,728   

Employee costs (Note 9)
Government assistance  1
Administrative costs 2
Facility lease and storage costs
Depreciation of right-of-use assets (Note 25)
Depreciation of property and equipment (Note 20)

2020
$

292,404   
(35,464)   
160,586   
2,006   
24,759   
17,372   
461,663   

2019
$
291,315 
— 
160,718 
4,508 
23,404 
19,823 
499,768 

1 Government assistance represents the Company's eligible claim of $35,264 for the Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy (CEWS) 
and $200 claim for the Canada Emergency Rent Subsidy (CERS) for the year ended December 31, 2020, with $3,794 included 
in trade and other receivables. There are no unfulfilled conditions or other contingencies attached to the subsidy recognized.
2 Administrative costs include professional fees, consulting services, technology-related expenses, marketing, and other general 

and administrative costs.

9 

Employee costs

Operating expenses incurred in respect of employees were as follows:

Wages, salaries and commissions
Withholding taxes and insurance
Employee benefits
Share-based compensation (Note 29)
Other benefits

Page 18  •  AutoCanada  

2020
$

251,665   
14,908   
16,689   
4,464   
4,678   
292,404   

2019
$
249,112 
16,571 
18,894 
4,805 
1,933 
291,315 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
10  Lease and other income and gain on disposal of assets, net

Lease and other income, net

Lease and rental income

Other income

Gain (loss) on disposal of assets, net

Gain on dealership divestiture (Note 14)

Sale and leaseback transactions

Disposals of property and equipment, net

11  Finance costs and finance income 

Finance costs:

Interest on long-term indebtedness
Interest on lease liabilities (Note 25)
Loss on extinguishment of debt (Note 24)

Unrealized fair value changes on interest rate swaps (Note 35)

Amortization of terminated hedges (Note 35)

Floorplan financing

Interest rate swap settlements (Note 35)

Other finance costs

Finance income:

Short-term bank deposits

2020
$

6,491   

895   

7,386   

135   

—   

1,235   

1,370   

2019
$

6,418 

4,283 

10,701 

8,442 

2,935 

(363) 

11,014 

2020
$

2019
$

16,200   

22,189   
4,002   

3,175   

2,308   

47,874   

17,586   

3,208   

3,837   

17,163 

21,673 
— 

— 

— 

38,836 

23,977 

1,153 

4,818 

72,505   

68,784 

808   

912 

Cash  interest  paid  during  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020  is  $56,153  (2019  -  $68,442),  which  includes 
$22,189 (2019 - $21,673) of cash interest paid related to interest on lease liabilities. 

Page 19  •  AutoCanada

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
12  Taxation

Reconciliation of effective income tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2020 is as follows:

2020
$

(1,205)

2019
$

(26,298)

(311)

(7,127)

2,225

(72)

2,314

706

568

(12)

5,418

 (449.6) %

2020
$

20,783   
(125)   
20,658   

(15,240)   
—   
(15,240)   
5,418   

12,928

(9,218)

5,325

(464)

389

(1,058)

775

 (2.9) %

2019
$
1,747 
— 
1,747 

(972) 
— 
(972) 
775 

2020
$

12,732   
(2,651)   
10,081   

2019
$
13,029 
(20,301) 
(7,272) 

Net loss for the year before tax

Net loss for the year before tax multiplied by the blended rate of Canadian corporate 
tax of  25.8% (2019 - 27.1%)
Effects of:

Tax losses and deductible temporary differences not recognized

Adjustment in respect of prior years

Impact of non-deductible items

Impact of change in substantively enacted rates

Foreign and other statutory income tax rate differentials
Other, net
Income tax expense

Effective income tax rate

Segmented components of income tax:

Canada
U.S.
Current income tax expense

Canada
U.S.
Deferred income tax recovery
Total income tax expense

Components of deferred income tax: 

Deferred tax asset
Deferred tax liability
Net deferred tax asset (liability)

Page 20  •  AutoCanada  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The movements of deferred tax assets and liabilities are shown below:

Deferred 
income from 
partnerships
$

Property 
and 
equipment
$

Goodwill 
and 
intangible 
assets
 $

Right-of-
use assets 
net of 
lease 
liabilities
$

Derivative 
financial 
instruments
$

Non-
capital 
losses
$

Other
$

Total
$

5,558   

1,776   

(24,201)   

5,197   

1,015   

216    2,108   

(8,331) 

(9,350)   

554   

1,598   

3,607   

—   

6,327    (1,764)   

972 

—   

1   

—   

—   

—   

(620)   

—   

—   

635   

—   

—   

—   

—   

71   

635 

(548) 

(3,791)   

2,330   

(23,223)   

8,804   

1,650   

6,543   

415   

(7,272) 

1,112   

(464)   

4,633   

1,170   

—   

4,227    4,562   

15,240 

—   

—   

—   

—   

(87)   

—   

—   

(357)   

(291)   

—   

—   

—   

2,836   

—   

—   

2,836 

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

12   

(444) 

(279) 

Deferred tax assets 
(liabilities)

January 1, 2019

(Expense) benefit 
charged to income 
taxes

Amounts charged to 
other comprehensive 
income

Held for sale (Note 19)

December 31, 2019  
(Expense) benefit 
charged to income 
taxes

Amounts charged to 
other comprehensive 
income

Acquisition of 
subsidiary (Note 13)

Other

December 31, 2020  

(2,679)   

1,779   

(19,238)   

9,974   

4,486   

10,770    4,989   

10,081 

Changes  in  the  deferred  income  tax  components  are  adjusted  through  deferred  tax  expense.  Of  the  above 
components of the deferred income tax (liability) asset, $(2,679) (2019 - $(3,791)) is expected to be recovered 
within 12 months. 

The  recognized  and  unrecognized  deductible  temporary  differences  relating  to  the  U.S.  Operations  are  as 
follows:

Total U.S. deductible temporary differences
Less: 
U.S. unrecognized deductible temporary differences, other than tax losses
U.S. unrecognized tax losses
Total unrecognized deductible temporary differences
Total recognized deductible  temporary differences relating to the U.S 
Operations
Recognized deferred tax asset

2020
$

155,426   

2019
$
150,176 

(53,350)   
(54,085)   
(107,435)   

(58,341) 
(42,879) 
(101,220) 

47,991   
12,732   

48,956 
13,029 

As  at  December  31,  2020,  the  Company  has  recognized  the  benefit  of  $47,991  (2019  -  $48,956)  of  the 
deductible  temporary  differences,  relating  to  the  U.S.  Operations,  as  a  deferred  tax  asset.  The  deductible 
temporary  differences  arose  primarily  from  impairment  charges  recorded  against  the  goodwill  and  intangible 
assets of the Grossinger dealerships acquired in 2018. The Company has concluded that the deferred tax assets 
are more likely than not to be recovered using estimated future taxable income, based on approved business 
plans  and  budgets  for  the  segment.  This  estimate  will  be  updated  in  future  periods,  which  may  result  in 
increases  or  decreases  in  the  amount  of  deferred  tax  assets  recognized  based  on  the  amount  judged  more 
likely than not to be recoverable.

The  Company's  U.S.  Operations  have  federal  and  state  net  operating  losses  of  $54,085  and  $52,886, 
respectively  (2019    -  $42,879  and  $42,879).  The  federal  losses  can  be  carried  forward  indefinitely,  while  the 
state losses expire between 2030 and 2032.  

The  Company  also  has  Canadian  non-capital  losses  of  $45,372  (2019  -  $25,258)  available  to  reduce  future 
taxable income, until their expiry between 2032 and 2040.  The benefit of these losses has been recognized as 
an offset to Canadian taxable temporary differences.

Page 21  •  AutoCanada

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 13  Business acquisitions

During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company completed three business acquisitions that have been 
accounted for using the acquisition method. 

Auto Bugatti Inc. 

On  October  6,  2020,  the  Company  acquired  75%  of  the  voting  shares  of  Auto  Bugatti  Inc.,  a  collision  repair 
facility  specializing  in  luxury  vehicles  in  Montreal,  Quebec.  The  acquisition  supports  management's  strategic 
objectives  of  expanding  the  Company's  collision  center  capacity,  and  also  allows  the  Company  to  leverage 
existing dealerships in Quebec. 

Autohaus of Peoria

On October 29, 2020, the Company acquired substantially all of the net assets of Autohaus of Peoria, a luxury 
dealership  representing  four  franchises  based  in  Illinois,  USA.  This  was  a  strategic  transaction  which  further 
bolstered the Company’s presence in southern Illinois and is highly complementary to its existing operations in 
Bloomington,  IL  as  both  dealers  are  in  close  proximity  of  each  other  and  serve  similar  luxury-brand 
communities.

Haldimand Motors Ltd.

On December 1, 2020, the Company completed the acquisition of all issued capital of Haldimand Motors Ltd. 
("Haldimand"),  a  used  car  dealership  in  Cayuga,  Ontario.  The  acquisition  forms  a  part  of  management's 
strategic objective of developing a Used Digital Retail Division in the Canadian pre-owned vehicle market.

Used Digital Retail Division

On December 1, 2020, as a part of the development of the used digital retail strategy, AutoCanada UD LP ("the 
Partnership") was formed to hold the interest in Haldimand, as well as future dealerships that will be acquired as 
a  part  of  the  strategy.  A  wholly  owned  subsidiary  of  the  Company  is  the  general  partner  ("GP")  of  the 
Partnership while different classes of common units are issued to various stakeholders in the Partnership. The 
subsidiary  also  holds  a  preferred  interest  in  the  Partnership  that  is  repaid  over  a  ten-year  period  from 
contribution  date,  with  a  rate  of  return  that  reflects  the  Company's  consolidated  borrowing  rate.  Any 
distributions to other shareholders are subordinate to the preferred interest repayment.

Dealership  management  and  the  Executive  Chairman  hold  common  interests  in  the  Partnership,  which  are 
subordinate  to  the  GP  and  the  preferred  interest  held  by  the  Company.  The  Partnership  agreement  includes 
various put and call options, which are based on prescribed valuation of the Partnership at the date of exercise 
(Note 15).

A  portion  of  the  Partnership  common  interests  is  allocated  to  a  pool  for  issuance  to  dealership  management 
("the  Vendor  Pool"),  the  aggregate  of  which  cannot  exceed  14%  of  total  Partnership  interests.  Dealership 
management is granted an interest under an equity issuance plan (the “Digital Plan”), which vests based on the 
achievement  of  certain  service  conditions,  which  also  form  the  vesting  conditions  of  a  share-based  payment 
arrangement  (Note  29).  The  put  and  call  options  associated  with  the  common  interests  granted  can  only  be 
exercised during certain periods in 2024 and  2026,  respectively. For the year ended December  31,  2020,  the 
vested Vendor Pool interests were nominal.

The  related  party  interest  represent  a  15%  interest  in  the  Partnership  granted  to  an  entity  controlled  by  the 
Executive Chairman (Note 32) and contains a share-based payment arrangement that vested immediately when 
granted on December 1, 2020. The expense associated with this arrangement was recorded in the Consolidated 
Statements of Comprehensive Loss (Note 29). The put option can only be exercised after the tenth anniversary 
of the grant date and does not contain a limitation on exercise period thereafter (Note 15).

Page 22  •  AutoCanada  

Concurrent with the formation of the Partnership, a wholly owned special purchase entity ("SPE") was formed 
for  the  purpose  of  issuing  stock  options  to  employees  or  service  providers  of  the  Partnership  (the  "Digital 
Option  Plan").  The  portion  of  the  common  interests  allocated  to  the  pool  for  option  issuances  (the  "Option 
Pool") cannot exceed 10% of total Partnership interests. The options represent a right to purchase non-voting 
shares  in  the  SPE,  which  represent  an  accretive  interest  in  the  Partnership.  For  the  year  ended December  31, 
2020, no options were issued under the Digital Option Plan.

Summary of acquisitions

The aggregate purchase consideration of the above noted acquisitions are as follows:

Cash 1 
Contingent consideration
Total purchase consideration

 $
21,765 
500 
22,265 

1 

Net cash paid during the year ended December 31, 2020 is $18,445.

In  the  event  that  certain  post-close  milestones  related  to  supplier  programs,  software  implementation,  and 
staffing levels are achieved, additional consideration of up to $500 may be payable in cash by December 31, 
2021. 

The  business  acquisitions  completed  during  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020  described  above  are 
summarized as follows:

Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents
Trade and other receivables
Inventories 
Other current assets

Long-term assets

Property and equipment
Right-of-use assets
Intangible assets
Other long-term assets

Total assets
Current liabilities
Indebtedness
Trade and other payables
Revolving floorplan facilities
Other liabilities

Long-term liabilities
Long-term indebtedness
Lease liabilities
Deferred income tax
Total liabilities
Net identifiable assets acquired

     Less: Non-controlling interests (Note 15) 1 

Goodwill
Total net assets acquired
Total consideration

Total
$

370 
518 
21,310 
82 
22,280 

3,262 
19,316 
4,626 
8 
49,492 

28 
1,489 
11,052 
246 
12,815 

42 
19,316 
444 
32,617 
16,875 
(1,071) 
6,461 
22,265 
22,265 

1    Non-controlling  interest  represents  the  interest  in  net  assets  not  acquired  by  the  Company,  measured  at  fair  value  at  the 

acquisition date. 

Page 23  •  AutoCanada

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The  goodwill  is  attributable  to  the  workforce,  synergies  from  combining  operations  of  the  acquirees  and 
profitability of the acquired businesses. Goodwill of $2,426 is deductible for tax purposes. 

The  results  of  operations  of  the  acquired  entities  are  included  in  the  Company's  Consolidated  Statements  of 
Financial Position and Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity from the date of acquisition. Such results 
of operations and the related assets and liabilities at the statement of financial position date are included in the 
Consolidated  Statements  of  Financial  Position.  The  results  of  operations  of  the  acquired  entities  since 
acquisition  date  are  nominal  to  the  Consolidated  Statements  of  Comprehensive  Loss  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2020. Had the acquisitions occurred at January 1, 2020, the combined entity of the Company and 
the acquired entities would have had a nominal impact on the consolidated results currently presented.

All transaction costs have been expensed and recorded in operating expenses.

Prior year business acquisitions

During the year ended December 31, 2019, no business acquisition transactions were completed. 

14 Dealership divestitures

On July 31, 2020, the Company sold substantially all of the operating assets of 417 Infiniti, located in Ottawa, 
Ontario, for cash consideration. Net proceeds of $683 resulted in a gain on divestiture of $135, included in Gain 
on  disposal  of  assets,  net  (Note  10)  in  the  Consolidated  Statements  of  Comprehensive  Loss,  as  summarized 
below.

Inventories

Revolving floorplan facilities

Net assets disposed

Net proceeds on divestiture

Net gain on divestiture

15 Interest in subsidiaries

$

2,752 

(2,204) 

548 

683 

135 

Certain subsidiaries of the Company have non-controlling interests ("NCI") held by other parties. The interests 
in these subsidiaries are summarized as follows:

Principal place 
of business

Subsidiary
Green Isle G Auto Holdings Inc.  British Columbia
NBFG Holdings Inc. 
2282239 Alberta Ltd. 1  
2282237 Alberta Ltd. 1  
Prairie Auto Holdings Ltd. 1  
AutoCanada B Holdings Inc. 2 
AutoCanada C Holdings Inc. 2
Canbec Automobile Inc. 2 
AutoCanada M Holdings Inc.
Auto Bugatti Inc. 3  

Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan
Quebec
Quebec
Quebec
Quebec
Quebec

Proportion of 
ownership 
interests held 
by non-
controlling 
interests
 10 %
 5 %
 10 %
 10 %
 — %
 — %
 15 %
 15 %
 10 %
 25 %

Proportion 
of voting 
rights held 
by non-
controlling 
interests

 10 %  
 5 %  
 10 %  
 10 %  
 — %  
 — %  
 15 %  
 15 %  
 10 %  
 25 %  

Dividends 
paid to non-
controlling 
interests
2020
$
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   

Dividends 
paid to non-
controlling 
interests
2019
$
— 
— 
— 
— 
900 
450 
— 
— 
— 
— 
1,350 

1  During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company acquired the 15% interest of Prairie Auto Holdings Ltd. and completed 

a capital reorganization with new NCI parties. 

2  The Company completed a capital reorganization of AutoCanada B Holdings Inc., which involved the exchange of shares for an 

interest in AutoCanada C Holdings Inc. and a new NCI interest in Canbec Automobile Inc. 

3  The  Company  recognized  non-controlling  interests  in  the  acquired  entity  at  fair  value  of  the  non-controlling  interest's 

proportionate share of the acquired entity's net identifiable assets. Refer to Note 13.  

Page 24  •  AutoCanada  

    
 
 
 
 
 
 
The  subsidiaries  are  companies  that  own  automotive  dealerships  and  related  businesses.  For  purposes  of 
disclosure,  the  non-controlling  interest  profit  and  loss,  and  accumulated  non-controlling  interest  of  the 
subsidiaries at the end of the reporting period are reported in aggregate as the subsidiaries are similar in nature 
and risk, based on assessment of the interest and industry classification.

The Company provides long-term loans to specific NCI parties and these are presented as other assets. Refer to 
Note 22. 

Transactions with non-controlling interests

On July 6, 2020, the Company acquired a 100% ownership interest in the two operating dealerships of Prairie 
Auto Holdings Ltd. Consideration paid for the shares of $8,250 resulted in an extinguishment of the associated 
redemption  liability  and  a  loss  on  settlement  of $1,346  that  was  recorded  on  the Consolidated  Statements  of 
Comprehensive  Loss.  Upon  the  acquisition  of  the  non-controlling  interest  above,  the  Company  recognized  a 
decrease in non-controlling interests of $7,973, with a corresponding increase in equity attributable to owners 
of the parent.

During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company reorganized capital in certain subsidiaries to bring in 
new non-controlling parties. The transactions resulted in new loans being issued to these parties to purchase a 
non-controlling interest in the subsidiaries for $12,524. These loans are recorded in Other long-term assets on 
the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.

Used Digital Retail Division

A wholly owned subsidiary of the Company is the general partner of AutoCanada UD LP, a limited partnership 
("the Partnership") that holds the interest in the dealership acquired as a part of the digital retail strategy (Note 
13). The non-controlling unitholders hold put options where they can sell their shares back to the Partnership. 
These put options are recognized as redemption liabilities, measured at fair value at each reporting date, with 
subsequent changes recognized on the  Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss. 

The fair value of the put options and associated redemption liabilities have been determined to carry a value of 
$435 for the year ended December 31, 2020, as a result of the preferred interest rights in the Partnership and 
the limited time of operation. 

Redemption liabilities

AutoCanada  C  Holdings  Inc.,  AutoCanada  M  Holdings  Inc.,  and  Auto  Bugatti  Inc.  arrangements  contain  put 
options, whereby the non-controlling shareholders are able to sell their shares back to the Company. These put 
options are recognized as redemption liabilities, measured at their fair value on the Consolidated Statements of 
Financial  Position.The  fair  value  is  determined  based  on  the  equity  value  of  the  related  subsidiary  (Note  34). 
Those options eligible to be executed in the next fiscal year are presented as current liabilities.

The continuity of the redemption liabilities is summarized as follows:

January 1, 2019

Adjustment to fair value

December 31, 2019

Additions in the year (Note 29)

Derecognition on settlement

Recognition on acquisition (Note 13)
Loss on settlement 1
Adjustment to fair value 1

December 31, 2020

Current redemption liabilities

Long-term redemption liabilities

Redemption 
liabilities
$

14,948 

550 

15,498 

435 

(8,250) 

1,071 

1,346 

(2,108) 

7,992 

7,557 

435 

Page 25  •  AutoCanada

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1  Net amount of $762 presented on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss

16  Cash and cash equivalents

Cash at bank and on hand
Short-term deposits

December 31, 
2020
$

107,704   
—   
107,704   

December 31, 
2019
$
52,535 
3,020 
55,555 

Short-term deposits include cash held with a national Canadian financial institution. The Company's revolving 
floorplan facility agreements allow the Company to hold excess cash in accounts with the financial institution, 
which is used to offset its finance costs on revolving floorplan facilities. The Company has immediate access to 
this cash unless it is in default of its facilities, in which case the cash may be used by the financial institution in 
repayment  of  its  facilities.  Refer  to  Note  26  for  further  detail  regarding  cash  balances  held  with  the  financial 
institution. 

17  Trade and other receivables

Trade receivables
Less: Expected loss allowance (Note 26)

Other receivables

December 31, 
2020
$

109,405   
(1,990)   
107,415   
11,235   
118,650   

December 31, 
2019
$
129,733 
(1,869) 
127,864 
4,761 
132,625 

The Company is exposed to normal credit risk with respect to its accounts receivable and maintains provisions 
for expected credit losses. Potential for such losses is mitigated because there is no significant exposure to any 
single customer and because customer creditworthiness is evaluated before credit is extended.

18 

Inventories

New vehicles
Demonstrator vehicles
Used vehicles
Parts and accessories

Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss: 

Inventory expensed as cost of sales
Net writedowns on inventory included in cost of sales
Demonstrator expenses included in administrative costs

Page 26  •  AutoCanada  

December 31, 
2020
$

412,970   
36,911   
218,812   
30,507   
699,200   

December 31, 
2019
$
610,406 
41,051 
134,407 
35,591 
821,455 

December 31, 
2020
$

2,685,420   
28,711   
8,092   

December 31, 
2019
$
2,769,581 
1,489 
9,298 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
19  Assets  and liabilities held for sale

Land and buildings

The Company has committed to a plan to sell land and buildings. The net assets have been reclassified as held 
for sale as at the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position date. 

During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company had the following transactions: 

●  During the three-month period ended March 31, 2020, the Company disposed of one property that 
was previously held for sale as at December 31, 2019, for the proceeds of $1,102, which resulted in a 
gain of $33.

●  During the three-month period ended June 30, 2020, the carrying amount of the land and buildings 
reclassified  to  held  for  sale  exceeded  the  fair  value  less  costs  to  sell.  As  a  result,  the  Company 
recorded  an  impairment  charge  of  $619  related  to  two  properties  in  the  Canadian  Operations 
segment. 

●  During the three-month period ended September 30, 2020, the Company disposed of two properties  
previously held for sale as at December 31, 2019, for net proceeds of $7,831, which resulted in a gain 
of $1,940.

As  at  December  31,  2020,  certain  land  assets  have  been  reclassified  out  of  held  for  sale  in  the  Canadian 
Operations segment as management is no longer actively marketing the asset. The remaining balance of assets 
held for sale is for land and buildings of $1,039 (2019 - $14,193). 

Page 27  •  AutoCanada

20  Property and equipment

Company & 
lease 
vehicles
$

Leasehold 
improvements
$

Machinery & 
equipment
$

Land & 
buildings1
$

Furniture, 
fixtures & 
other
$

Computer 
equipment
$

Total
$

December 31, 2020

28,259 

58,864 

30,754 

14,991 

10,230 

Cost:
January 1, 2019

Capital expenditures

Disposals
Transfers to assets held for sale  
Transfer from assets held for 
sale
Transfers from inventory, net

Foreign currency translation

December 31, 2019

Capital expenditures

Business combinations (Note 13)

Acquisition of real estate

Disposals

Transfer from assets held for 
sale
Asset class reclassifications

Transfers to inventory, net

Foreign currency translation

Accumulated depreciation:
January 1, 2019

Depreciation

Disposals

Impairment losses recognized
Transfers to assets held for sale  
Transfer from assets held for 
sale
Transfers in from inventory, net

Foreign exchange

December 31, 2019
Depreciation

Disposals

Asset class reclassifications

Transfers in from inventory, net

Foreign exchange

December 31, 2020

Carrying amount:

December 31, 2019

December 31, 2020

22,861 

— 

(68)   

— 

88 

10,975 

(36)   

33,820 

— 

1,258 

— 

194,428 

19,458 

12,252 

  323,902 

40,779 

13,987 

34,124 

3,850 

8,975 

(931)   

(2,072)   

(71,014)   

— 

71 

— 

— 

9 

— 

(269)   

(176)   

(1,800)   

— 

— 

— 

526 

(973)   

3,296 

  30,634 

(660)   

(75,718) 

— 

82 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(1,800) 

250 

10,975 

(108)   

(43)   

(632) 

53,637 

6,648 

554 

— 

35,735 

130,589 

18,985 

14,845 

287,611 

2,465 

1,417 

— 

— 

11 

8,514 

1,242 

2,097 

12,452 

2 

— 

20 

— 

3,262 

8,514 

(371)   

(2,220)   

(8,784)   

(33)   

(5,198)   

(6,711)   

(23,317) 

— 

— 

(6,353)   

(95)   

— 

286 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(41)   

(79)   

5,432 

(286)   

— 

— 
144,227 

— 

— 

— 

(40)   

— 

— 

— 

5,432 

— 

(6,353) 

(21)   

(276) 
  287,325 

(5,997)   

(4,022)   

(14,362)   

(2,735)   

(19,575)   

(29,179)   

(9,882)   

(7,766)   

(86,761) 

(3,402)   

(5,589)   

(1,921)   

(2,154)   

(19,823) 

— 

30 

— 

(22)   

3,244 

13 

(6,754)   

(3,483)   

243 

— 

4,056 

20 

367 

— 

— 

(58)   

— 

20 

(16,768)   

(2,824)   

1,760 

(146)   

— 

9 

1,546 

9,304 

107 

— 

(1)   

— 

38 

— 

732 

— 

— 

— 

931 

12 

— 

(66)   

— 

21 

134 

20 

— 

— 

— 

11 

12,282 

169 

732 

(147) 

3,244 

103 

(21,287)   

(24,732)   

(10,905)   

(9,755)   

(90,201) 

(3,074)   

(4,417)   

(1,678)   

(1,896)   

(17,372) 

7,441 

— 

— 

53 

— 

146 

— 

— 

4,365 

5,781 

19,590 

— 

— 

27 

— 

— 

— 

4,056 

18 

127 
(5,852)    (83,800) 

(5,918)   

(17,969)   

(16,867)   

(29,003)   

(8,191)   

27,066 

22,341 

36,869 

40,895 

14,448 

105,857 

13,887 

115,224 

8,080 

6,800 

5,090 

  197,410 

4,378 

  203,525 

1 As at December 31, 2020, the Company owns land of $45,487 (2019 - $39,515).

Construction-in-progress  additions  of  $6,514  (2019  -  $15,102)  are  included  in  land  and  buildings,  as  well  as 
leasehold improvements, and are not subject to depreciation until the assets are available for use.

Fully  depreciated  assets  are  retained  in  cost  and  accumulated  depreciated  accounts  until  such  assets  are 
removed  from  service.  Proceeds  from  disposal  are  netted  against  the  related  assets  and  the  accumulated 
depreciation are included in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss.

Page 28  •  AutoCanada  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Land and building additions are used for Open Point opportunities as well as dealership relocations, dealership 
re-imagings, and also include the purchase of a previously leased dealership property.

During  the  year-ended  December  31,  2020,  management  identified  certain  assets  with  no  future  value  and 
recorded an impairment of $3,303 in disposals.

21 

Impairment of non-financial assets 

Intangible  assets  consist  of  rights  under  franchise  agreements  with  automobile  manufacturers  (“dealer 
agreements”).  Intangible  assets  and  goodwill  are  tested  for  impairment  annually  as  at  December  31  or  more 
frequently, if events or changes in circumstances indicate that they may be impaired. 

The impairment charges were allocated to the assets of the respective CGU’s as follows:

Land and buildings (Notes 19, 20)
Intangible assets
Goodwill

2020
$

3,922   
15,055   
5,230   
24,207   

2019
$
6,016 
(1,527) 
32,086 
36,575 

The changes in the book value of intangible assets and goodwill for the year ended December 31, 2020 were as 
follows:

Cost:
January 1, 2019
Divestitures
Effect of foreign currency translation
December 31, 2019
Acquisitions (Note 13)
Additions 1
Effect of foreign currency translation
December 31, 2020
Accumulated impairment:
January 1, 2019
Impairment (recovery)
Divestitures
Effect of foreign currency translation
December 31, 2019
Impairment (recovery)
Effect of foreign currency translation
December 31, 2020
Carrying amount:
December 31, 2019
December 31, 2020

1   Additions to intangible assets represent increases to franchise rights.

Intangible 
assets
$

Goodwill
$

Total
$

493,469   
(11,431)   
(2,100)   

129,353   
(783)   
(3,889)   

479,938 

124,681 

4,626   
430   
(1,050)   

6,461   
— 
(1,666)   

483,944 

129,476 

81,116   
(1,527)   
(9,931)   
(13)   

70,921   
32,086   
(783)   
(1,658)   

69,645 

100,566 

15,055   
(389)   

84,311 

5,230   
(2,054)   

103,742 

622,822 
(12,214) 
(5,989) 
604,619 
11,087 
430 
(2,716) 
613,420 

152,037 
30,559 
(10,714) 
(1,671) 
170,211 
20,285 
(2,443) 
188,053 

410,293   
399,633   

24,115   
25,734   

434,408 
425,367 

Page 29  •  AutoCanada

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The  impairment  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020  relates  to  the  Company's  reportable  segments  as 
follows:

Land and buildings
Intangible assets
Goodwill

Canadian 
Operations
$

3,922   
11,390   
—   
15,312   

U.S. 
Operations
$
—   
3,665   
5,230   
8,895   

Total
$
3,922 
15,055 
5,230 
24,207 

CGUs have been determined to be individual dealerships. The following table shows the carrying amount of 
indefinite-lived identifiable intangible assets and goodwill by CGU:

December 31, 2020
$

Goodwill

Total

6,135
3,951
506
— 
— 
3,724
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
941
— 
— 

— 
950
— 

— 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
1,343
— 
— 
8,184

33,942
25,201
25,000  
22,434  
21,806  
21,768  
21,687
16,448  
15,152
14,872
14,496  
13,437
12,612
12,488  

10,950  
10,213
10,210  

9,641

9,626  
9,431
8,495
8,048  
6,590  
6,027
5,489  
5,260  
54,044  

December 31, 2019
$

Goodwill

Total

6,135
3,951   
506   
3,923   
—   
3,724   
—   
—   
—   
—   
— 
941   
644   
— 

— 
950 
— 

— 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
1,343 
— 
— 
1,998

33,942
25,201 
25,000 
26,990 
21,806 
21,768 
21,687 
18,198 
17,641 
14,872 
11,656
13,437 
16,684 
13,908

12,930
10,213
10,690

12,041

9,626
9,431
8,495
8,048
5,790
6,027
5,799
5,590
46,938

Intangible 
assets
27,807
21,250   
24,494   
23,067   
21,806   
18,044   
21,687   
18,198   
17,641   
14,872   
11,656   
12,496   
16,040   
13,908   

12,930   
9,263   
10,690   

12,041   

9,626   
9,431   
8,495   
8,048   
5,790   
4,684   
5,799   
5,590   

44,940 

Intangible 
assets
27,807
21,250
24,494
22,434  
21,806  
18,044
21,687  
16,448  
15,152  
14,872  
14,496  
12,496
12,612  
12,488  
10,950  
9,263
10,210  
9,641  
9,626  
9,431  
8,495  
8,048  
6,590  
4,684
5,489  
5,260  

45,860

399,633

25,734

425,367

410,293

24,115

434,408

Cash Generating Unit

W
N
S
Q
P
AI
J
D
K
Y
AB
T
AJ
F

O
X
AF

B

C
H
AA
AH
AL
Z
AK
AD
Other CGUs less than 
$5,000
Carrying amount

Page 30  •  AutoCanada  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table shows the impairments (recoveries of impairment) of indefinite-lived identifiable intangible 
assets and goodwill by CGU:

Canadian dealerships

For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020,  thirteen  Canadian  dealerships  recorded  impairment  charges 
(recoveries)  on  indefinite-lived  identifiable  intangible  assets  (2019  -  eighteen).  The  recoverable  amounts  for 
twelve dealerships were determined using the value in use ("VIU") method while the remaining dealership was 
determined using the fair value less costs to dispose ("FVLCD") method.

December 31, 2020
$

December 31, 2019
$

Cash Generating Unit
B
Y
AH
O
AK
AE
AF
K
F
P
AG
I
D
AA
AD
R 1
E
AB
AL
Net impairment (recovery)

Intangible 
assets
2,400   
—   
—   
1,980   
310   
5,300   
480   
2,490   
1,420   
—   
(1,720)   
290   
1,750   
—   
330   
—   
—   
(2,840)   
(800)   
11,390   

Goodwill

—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   

Total
2,400 
— 
— 
1,980 
310 
5,300 
480 
2,490 
1,420 
— 
(1,720) 
290 
1,750 
— 
330 
— 
— 
(2,840) 
(800) 
11,390 

Intangible 
assets

Goodwill

2,750   
(5,280)   
3,501   
—   
(810)   
(6,060)   
4,710   
957   
(760)   
(7,970)   
2,900   
1,130   
(6,700)   
(700)   
8,110   
674   
1,970   
(1,140)   
801   
(1,917)   

—   
—   
459   
—   
—   
—   
—   
1,303   
—   
—   
250   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
409   
2,421   

Total
2,750 
(5,280) 
3,960 
— 
(810) 
(6,060) 
4,710 
2,260 
(760) 
(7,970) 
3,150 
1,130 
(6,700) 
(700) 
8,110 
674 
1,970 
(1,140) 
1,210 
504 

1

The CGU was sold during the year ended December 31, 2019.

Page 31  •  AutoCanada

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. dealerships

For the year ended December 31, 2020, three US dealerships recorded impairment charges on indefinite-lived 
identifiable  intangible  assets  and  goodwill  (2019  -  seven).  The  recoverable  amounts  for  two  dealerships  were 
determined using the VIU method while the remaining dealership was determined using the FVLCD method.

Cash Generating Unit
Q
U
AJ
A
V
L
G
Net impairment

December 31, 2020
$

December 31, 2019
$

Intangible 
assets

Goodwill

198   
—   
3,467   
—   
—   
—   
—   
3,665   

4,285   
—   
704   
241   
—   
—   
—   
5,230   

Total
4,483 
— 
4,171 
241 
— 
— 
— 
8,895 

Intangible 
assets

Goodwill

—   
325   
—   
—   
—   
65   
—   
390   

6,520   
3,596   
6,754   
1,724   
3,679   
3,860   
3,532   
29,665   

Total
6,520 
3,921 
6,754 
1,724 
3,679 
3,925 
3,532 
30,055 

The  valuation  methodology  used  to  assess  the  recoverable  value  of  the  CGUs  uses  level  2  inputs,  indirectly 
derived from the market, where possible, for key assumptions such as the discount rate. Where level 2 inputs 
are not available, as is the case with the growth rate, the Company uses level 3 inputs, which are unobservable 
to the market, but reflect management’s best estimates from historical performance and expectations for the 
future.

The  following  table  shows  the  recoverable  amounts  of  CGUs,  with  impairments  or  recoveries  of  impairments 
recorded in either the current year or prior year, that have not been fully impaired:

Canadian dealerships

Cash Generating Unit
B
Y
AH
O
AK
AE
AF
K
F
P
AG
I
D
AA
AD
E
AB
AL

1

The CGU was valued using the VIU technique in the prior year. 

Page 32  •  AutoCanada  

FVLCD or VIU
VIU
FVLCD
FVLCD
VIU
FVLCD 1
VIU
VIU
VIU
VIU
VIU
VIU
VIU
VIU
VIU
VIU
VIU
VIU
VIU

December 31, 
2020
$

10,285   
11,932   
7,260   
13,288   
5,250   
5,236   
12,430   
17,118   
12,413   
26,910   
5,600   
4,935   
18,442   
16,810   
6,799   
5,365   
17,493   
16,861   

December 31, 
2019
$
13,309 
11,343 
6,945 
14,910 
15,600 
11,045 
12,903 
19,612 
15,176 
28,763 
705 
4,085 
21,725 
19,001 
6,782 
4,421 
15,395 
9,526 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. dealerships

Cash Generating Unit
Q
AJ
A
V 1
G 1

FVLCD or VIU
VIU
VIU
FVLCD
VIU
VIU

December 31, 
2020
$

23,903   
14,575   
—   
5,177   
4,008   

December 31, 
2019
$
29,111 
23,891 
231 
5,177 
4,008 

1

These  CGUs  did  not  show  indicators  of  impairment  during  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020  and  were  not  tested  for 
impairment during the period.

        Impairment test of indefinite life intangible assets

The assumptions and sensitivities applied in the intangible assets impairment test are described as follows:

Valuation techniques

The  Company  did  not  make  any  changes  to  the  valuation  methodology  used  to  assess  impairment  in  the 
current year. The recoverable amount of each CGU is based on the greater of fair value less cost to dispose and 
value in use.

Value in use

Value in use (“VIU”) is predicated upon the value of the future cash flows that a business will generate going 
forward.  The  discounted  cash  flow  (“DCF”)  method  is  used,  which  involves  projecting  cash  flows  and 
converting them into a present value equivalent through discounting. The discounting process uses a rate of 
return that is commensurate with the risk associated with the business or asset and the time value of money. 
This approach requires assumptions about revenue growth rates, operating margins, and discount rates.

Fair value less costs to dispose

Fair value less costs to dispose (“FVLCD”) assumes that companies operating in the same industry will share 
similar  characteristics  and  that  the  Company's  values  will  correlate  to  those  characteristics.  Therefore,  a 
comparison of a CGU to similar companies may provide a reasonable basis to estimate fair value. Under this 
approach,  fair  value  is  calculated  based  on  an  applicable  multiple  applied  to  projected  earnings  before 
interest,  taxes,  depreciation  and  amortization  (EBITDA).  Data  for  EBITDA  multiples  was  based  on  recent 
comparable  transactions  and  management  estimates.  Multiples  used  in  the  test  for  impairment  for  each 
CGU were in the range of 2.5 to 7.9 times forecasted EBITDA (2019 - 2.5 to 7.9 times).

Significant assumptions for VIU

Projected operating margins and growth rates

The  assumptions  used  are  based  on  the  Company’s  internal  budget,  which  is  approved  by  the  Board  of 
Directors.  The  Company  projects  operating  margins  and  cash  flows  for  a  period  of  one  year,  and  applies 
growth  rates  for  years  thereafter  commensurate  with  industry  forecasts.  In  arriving  at  its  forecasts,  the 
Company considers past experience, economic trends and inflation as well as industry and market trends.

Discount rates

The Company applies a discount rate in order to calculate the present value of its projected cash flows. The 
discount rate represents the Company’s internally computed weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”) for 
each CGU with appropriate adjustments for the risks associated with the CGUs in which intangible assets are 
allocated. The WACC is an estimate of the overall required rate of return on an investment for both debt and 
equity  owners  and  serves  as  the  basis  for  developing  an  appropriate  discount  rate.  Determination  of  the 
discount rate requires separate analysis of the cost of equity and debt, and considers a risk premium based 
on an assessment of risks related to the projected cash flows of each CGU. Management applied a discount 
rate between 11.05% and 12.25% in its projections (2019 - 10.14% and 11.72%).

Page 33  •  AutoCanada

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
Significant assumptions for FVLCD

Projected EBITDA

The  Company’s  assumptions  for  projected  EBITDA  are  based  on  the  Company’s  internal  budget,  which  is 
approved by the Board of Directors. In arriving at the projected EBITDA, the Company considers projected 
operating  margins  and  growth  rates  as  significant  assumptions,  past  experience,  economic  trends  and 
inflation as well as industry and market trends.

EBITDA multiples

EBITDA  multiples  are  based  on  recent  comparable  transactions,  market  comparatives,  and  management 
estimates.

Sensitivity

As  there  are  CGUs  that  have  intangible  assets  with  original  costs  that  exceed  their  current  year  carrying 
amounts,  the  Company  expects  future  impairments  and  recoveries  of  impairments  to  occur  as  market 
conditions change and risk premiums used in developing the discount rate change.

The recoverable amount of each CGU is sensitive to changes in market conditions and could result in material 
changes  in  the  carrying  value  of  intangible  assets  in  the  future.  Based  on  sensitivity  analysis,  no  reasonably 
possible  change  in  key  assumptions  would  cause  the  recoverable  amount  of  any  CGU  to  have  a  significant 
change from its current valuation except for the CGUs identified below.

CGUs,  which  use  VIU  as  the  basis  of  recoverable  amount,  for  which  a  reasonably  possible  change  in  key 
assumptions  would  cause  an  impairment,  along  with  the  change  required  for  an  impairment  to  occur  are  as 
follows:

Cash Generating Unit
AM

Change in 
discount rate
 0.01 %

Change in 
growth rate

Carrying 
amount
$

 0.01 %  

13,852   

Recoverable 
amount exceeds 
carrying amount
$
— 

CGUs,  which  use  FVLCD  as  the  basis  of  recoverable  amount,  for  which  a  reasonably  possible  change  in  key 
assumptions  would  cause  an  impairment,  along  with  the  change  required  for  an  impairment  to  occur  are  as 
follows:

Cash Generating Unit
AH

Change in
multiple

Recoverable 
amount
$

Carrying 
amount
$

0.1  

7,454   

7,454   

Recoverable 
amount exceeds 
carrying amount
$
— 

Page 34  •  AutoCanada  

22  Other assets

Prepaid expenses
Derivative financial instruments
Other assets 1

December 31, 2020
$

December 31, 2019
$

Current

Long-term

Current

8,536   
366   
29   
8,931   

143   
—   
14,194   
14,337   

8,468   
—   
34   
8,502   

Long-term
— 
— 
5,042 
5,042 

1   $14,194 (2019 - $1,670) relates to long-term loans receivable from the respective non-controlling interests (Note 15).

23  Trade and other payables

Trade payables
Accruals and provisions
Sales tax payable
Wages and withholding taxes payable

December 31, 
2020
$

65,806   
36,672   
3,092   
31,940   
137,510   

December 31, 
2019
$
84,774 
22,165 
5,743 
22,289 
134,971 

The following table provides a continuity schedule of all recorded provisions:

January 1, 2019
Provisions made during the year
Amounts expired or disbursed
December 31, 2019
Provisions made during the year
Amounts expired or disbursed
December 31, 2020

Finance and 
insurance 1
$

Legal and 
other
$

1,271 

—   
(1,200)   
71 
—   
—   
71 

3,571 

1,125   
(942)   

3,754 
6,441   
(3,122)   
7,073 

Total
$
4,842 
1,125 
(2,142) 
3,825 
6,441 
(3,122) 
7,144 

1    Represents  an  estimated  chargeback  reserve  provided  by  the  Company's  third  party  underwriter  of  finance  and  insurance 

products. 

Page 35  •  AutoCanada

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
24 

Indebtedness

This  note  provides  information  about  the  contractual  terms  of  the  Company’s  interest  bearing  debt,  which  is 
measured  at  amortized  cost.  For  more  information  about  the  Company’s  exposure  to  interest  rate,  foreign 
currency and liquidity risk, refer to Note 26.

Revolving floorplan facilities
Revolving floorplan facilities - Syndicate (ii)
Revolving floorplan facilities - Bank of America 
Revolving floorplan facilities - VW Credit Canada, Inc. (iii)
Revolving floorplan facilities - BMW Financial (iv)
Revolving floorplan facilities - RBC (v)
Revolving floorplan facilities - Scotiabank
Revolving floorplan facilities - Toronto-Dominion Bank
Revolving floorplan facilities - Mercedes-Benz Financial (vii)
Revolving floorplan facilities - GM Financial (vi)
Revolving floorplan facilities - Ally Financial (viii)
Carrying value

Indebtedness
Senior unsecured notes 
Senior unsecured notes (i)
Unamortized deferred financing costs

Revolving term facilities (ii)
Revolving term facility
Unamortized deferred financing costs

Other debt
Mortgage (ix)
Other long-term debt
Total indebtedness
Current indebtedness
Long-term indebtedness

December 31, 
2020
$

December 31, 
2019
$

465,510   
—   
56,539   
64,327   
35,323   
—   
—   
24,402   
25,752   
90,090   
761,943   

123,982   
(3,266)   
120,716   

70,123   
(1,296)   
68,827   

831   
6,857   

197,231 

65   
197,166   

480,662 
91,903 
65,864 
75,783 
28,355 
26,474 
18,396 
44,721 
— 
— 
832,158 

149,739 
(537) 
149,202 

64,875 
(1,594) 
63,281 

858 
91 
213,432 
127 
213,305 

The  following  table  shows  the  movement  of  indebtedness  during  the  years  ended  December  31,  2020  and 
December 31, 2019:

Balance, January 1
Amortization of deferred financing costs
Draws and additions
Repayments
Other
Balance, December 31

Page 36  •  AutoCanada  

2020
$
213,432 

1,300   
226,882   
(245,505)   
1,122   

197,231 

2019
$
328,652 
760 
45,052 
(161,032) 
— 
213,432 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Terms and conditions of outstanding loans are as follows:

i.

ii.

iii.

iv.

On February 11, 2020, the Company issued $125 million 8.75% Senior Unsecured Notes (the "New Notes")  
to  fund  the  Tender  Offer  for  all  the  outstanding  $150  million  Notes.  Through  the  Tender  Offer,  the 
Company  redeemed    $124    million    of    the    outstanding    $150    million    Notes    on    February    13,    2020.  
Subsequent    to    the  settlement  of  the  Tender  Offer,  the  Company  issued  a  call  notice  for  the  remaining 
$26 million outstanding Notes, which were then extinguished using proceeds from the New Credit Facility. 
An extinguishment charge of $3,211 was recorded as a loss on extinguishment in Finance Costs (Note 11).

The  New Notes  hold  a  term  of  five  years  and  mature  on  February  11,  2025. The New Notes  were  
issued  at  a discounted issue price of $990.11 per $1,000 principal amount of notes (99.011%) for an issue 
yield of 9.00%. Interest is payable semi-annually on February 11 and August 11 of each year the New Notes 
are outstanding. The initial interest payment date for the New Notes was August 11, 2020.

On February 11, 2020, the Company entered into an amended and restated $950 million syndicated credit 
agreement  ("New  Credit  Facility").  The  New  Credit  Facility  has  specified-use  tranches  and  provides  the 
Company  with  revolving  credit  capacity  for  operational  and  growth  purposes  as  well  as  floorplan 
financing to assist with the purchasing of inventory. The maturity of the New Credit Facility is February 11, 
2023.  Previously  deferred  net  financing  costs  of  $791  were  included  in  the  loss  on  extinguishment  in 
Finance Costs (Note 11).

Effective April 20, 2020, the Company amended the senior credit facility agreement to provide additional 
covenant  headroom  through  to  June  30,  2021,  unless  management  chooses  to  amend.  Covenant  relief 
was received for the Total and Senior Net Funded Debt to Bank EBITDA and Fixed Charge Coverage Ratios, 
with  staged  covenant  thresholds  through  to  June  30,  2021.  Effective  June  30,  2021,  all  covenant 
thresholds  revert  to  their  prior  levels.  The  amendment  also  provides  for  a  suspension  of  curtailment 
payments under the floorplan facility through the end of June 2021 and an extension of repayments with 
respect to export wholesale vehicles.

On  October  28,  2020  and  on  December  15,  2020,  the  Company  respectively  executed  the  Second  and 
Third  Amendment.  The  Company  is  now  provided  with  a  $525,000  facility  for  floorplan  and  lease 
financing  of  new  vehicles,  an  unallocated  new  vehicle  limit  of  $25,000  for  the  financing  of  future 
acquisitions, $175,000 facility for floorplan and lease financing of used vehicles, and no unallocated used 
vehicle facility limit for the financing of future acquisitions, a $25,000 facility for floorplan of used export 
vehicles,  a  $175,000  facility  for  general  corporate  purposes,  and  a  $25,000  accordion  feature.  The 
floorplan facilities bear interest rates of Canadian Dollar Offered Rate (“CDOR”) plus 1.05% per annum for a 
total of 1.510%. 

The  agreement  has  certain  reporting  requirements  and  financial  covenants.  The  floorplan  facility  is 
collateralized  by  each  individual  dealership’s  inventories  that  are  directly  financed  by  the  facility.  The 
revolving credit facility is collateralized by certain of the Company’s real property and fixed assets, as well 
as certain current receivable and inventory assets not otherwise pledged as collateral.

VW Credit Canada, Inc. (“VCCI”) provides floorplan financing for new, used and demonstrator vehicles for 
all  of  the  Company’s  Volkswagen  and  Audi  dealerships  (the  “VCCI  facilities”).  During  the  first  and  third  
quarter  of  2020,  amendments  were  made  to  the  maximum  amount  of  financing  provided  by  the  VCCI 
facilities  to  $79,105  and  $84,500,  respectively.  As  at  December  31,  2020,  the  maximum  amount  of 
financing  is  $94,800  (2019  -  $81,835).  The  VCCI  facilities  bear  interest  at  Royal  Bank  of  Canada  (“RBC”) 
prime  rate  plus  0.00%  –  0.25%  (2019  -  0.00%-0.75%).  The  RBC  prime  rate  was  2.45%  at  December  31, 
2020 (2019 - 3.95%). The combined total interest rates were 2.45%-2.70% (2019 - 3.95%-4.70%). The VCCI 
facilities have certain reporting requirements  and financial covenants and are collateralized by all of the 
dealerships' assets financed by VCCI. The individual notes payable of the VCCI facilities are due when the 
related vehicle is sold. 

BMW  Financial  Services  Canada  (“BMW  Financial”),  a  division  of  BMW  Canada  Inc.,  provides  floorplan 
financing for new, used and demonstrator vehicles for all of the Company’s BMW dealerships (the “BMW 
Facilities”). During the second quarter of 2020, amendments were made to the maximum advance limit  to 
$97,785.  As  at  December  31,  2020,  the  maximum  advance  limit  is  $102,255  (2019  -  101,705).    The  BMW 
Facilities bear a variable interest rate of prime minus 0.40% (2019 - 0.40%) per 360 day annum for a total 
of  2.05%  at  December  31,  2020  (2019  -  3.55%).  The  BMW  Facilities  have  certain  reporting  requirements 
and financial covenants and are collateralized by the dealerships’ movable and immovable property.

Page 37  •  AutoCanada

 
v.

vi.

RBC  provides  floorplan  financing  for  new,  used  and  demonstrator  vehicles  for  three  of  the  Company’s 
dealerships  (the  “RBC  Facilities”).  During  the  second  quarter  of  2020,  amendments  were  made  to  the 
maximum  amount  of  financing  to  $50,000.  As  at  December  31,  2020,  the  maximum  advance  limit  is 
$50,000  (2019  -  $47,800).  The  RBC  Facilities  bear  interest  rates  of  RBC’s  Cost  of  Funds  Rate  plus 
0.25%-0.50%  (2019  -  0.25%-0.50%).  The  RBC’s  Cost  of  Funds  Rate  was  1.24%  as  at  December  31,  2020 
(2019  -  2.84%).  The  combined  total  interest  rates  were  1.49%-1.74%  as  at  December  31,  2020  (2019  - 
3.09%-3.34%).  The  RBC  Facilities  have  certain  reporting  requirements  and  financial  covenants  and  are 
collateralized  by  the  new,  used,  and  demonstrator  inventory  financed  by  RBC  and  a  general  security 
agreement from the General Motors dealerships financed by RBC.     

The Company executed a new agreement on October 29, 2020 with General Motors Financial of Canada 
(the  "GM  Financial  Facilities").  GM  Financial  Facilities  provides  floorplan  financing  for  new,  used,  service 
loaner,  and  demonstrator  vehicles  for  two  of  the  Company's  dealerships.  GM  Financial  Facilities  bear 
interest at a floating rate of interest per annum, which equals the prime rate. As at December 31, 2020, the 
prime  rate  was  2.45%  and  the  maximum  amount  of  financing  was  $50,300.  The  GM  Financial  Facilities 
have certain reporting requirements and are collateralized by the new, used, and demonstrator inventory 
financed by GM Financial and a general security agreement from the Company’s two dealerships financed 
by GM Financial.

vii. Mercedes-Benz Financial provides floorplan financing for new, used and demonstrator vehicles for two of 
the  Company’s  dealerships  (the  “Mercedes-Benz  Facilities”).  As  at  December  31,  2020,  the  maximum 
amount of financing was $58,000 (2019 - $58,000). The facilities bear interest rates of CDOR plus 1.80% 
(2019  -  1.80%)  for  a  total  of  2.47%  (2019  -  3.88%).  The  Mercedes-Benz  Facilities  have  certain  reporting 
requirements and financial covenants and are collateralized by the new, used, and demonstrator inventory 
financed  by  Mercedes-Benz  Financial  and  a  general  security  agreement  from  the  Company’s  dealership 
financed by Mercedes-Benz Financial.

viii. On  August  20,  2020,  the  Company  finalized  an  arrangement  with  Ally  Financial  to  replace  previous  U.S. 
floorplan financing for new, used, and demonstrator vehicles in the U.S. The facility limit is $108,500 USD, 
bearing  an  interest  rate  of  the  one-month  London  Interbank  Offered  Rate  (LIBOR)  plus  3.45%.  The 
floorplan facility has certain reporting requirements and financial covenants and is collateralized by each 
individual dealership’s inventories that are directly financed by the facility.

ix.

VCCI  provides  the  Company  with  a  mortgage  (the  “VCCI  Mortgage”).  Effective  in  the  second  quarter  of 
2020,  mortgage  principal  payment  deferral  was  provided  for  three  months.  The  VCCI  Mortgage  bears 
interest at a floating rate of interest per annum equal to RBC’s prime rate plus 0.15% (2019 - 0.15%). The 
RBC prime rate was 2.45% as at December 31, 2020 (2019 - 3.95%). The total interest rate was 2.60% as at 
December 31, 2020 (2019 - 4.10%). The VCCI Mortgage is repayable with blended monthly payments of $4 
amortized over a 20-year period with the term expiring in 2021. The VCCI Mortgage has certain reporting 
requirements and financial covenants and is collateralized by a general security agreement consisting of a 
first  fixed  charge  over  the  property.  As  at  December  31,  2020,  the  carrying  amount  of  the  property was 
$818 (2019 - $1,278).

Government assistance

In  the  U.S.,  the  Company  received  a  loan  of  $6,857  ($5,395  USD)  under  the  Small  Business  Association 
Paycheck Protection Program (SBA PPP). The loan is meant to subsidize payroll and other operating costs and is 
forgiven if the funds are used to maintain employee and salary levels. Funds have been utilized for eligible costs 
but  have  not  been  recognized  as  an  offset  to  operating  expenses  as  management  had  not  completed  the 
application for forgiveness by December 31, 2020. The loan balance is reflected in other long-term debt.

Page 38  •  AutoCanada  

       
25  Leases

Right-of-use asset balance, January 1, 2019
Additions
Transfers from assets held for sale
Depreciation (Note 8)
Disposals
Effect of foreign currency translation
Right-of-use asset balance, December 31, 2019
Additions
Acquisitions (Note 13)
Depreciation (Note 8)
Disposals
Effect of foreign currency translation
Right-of-use asset balance, December 31, 2020

Lease liability balance, January 1, 2019
Additions
Transfers from liabilities held for sale
Repayments
Interest expense (Note 11)
Disposals
Effect of foreign currency translation
Lease liability balance, December 31, 2019
Additions
Acquisitions (Note 13)
Repayments
Interest expense (Note 11)
Disposals
Effect of foreign currency translation
Lease liability balance, December 31, 2020

Current lease liabilities
Long-term lease liabilities

Rent Concessions

Total
$
275,814 
56,068 
545 
(23,404) 
(3,832) 
(1,655) 
303,536 
12,135 
19,316 
(24,759) 
(90) 
(1,241) 
308,897 

Total
$
340,896 
66,096 
599 
(41,961) 
21,673 
(3,170) 
(3,670) 
380,463 
13,111 
19,316 
(45,270) 
22,189 
(95) 
(1,785) 
387,929 

24,079 
363,850 

The Company negotiated certain rent concessions on property leases primarily related to the deferral of rent 
payments for a three-month period, predominantly during the second quarter of 2020 in exchange for future 
repayment of the concessions or extensions to the respective lease terms. For the year ended December 31, 
2020, $2,389 remains of the overall negotiated cash deferral of $4,169, which is to be repaid over various terms 
ending between 2021 and 2022.

The optional exemption for all eligible rent concessions has been applied for leases with similar characteristics 
and the financial impact was nominal to the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss. Certain leases 
did not meet the criteria for the optional exemption due to substantive lease term extensions.

Page 39  •  AutoCanada

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other disclosures

Other than depreciation, the following amounts have been recognized in income: 

Expenses related to short-term leases (included in Operating expenses)
Expenses related to leases of low-value assets that are not shown above as short-
term leases (included in Operating expenses)
Income from sub-leasing right-of-use assets (included in Lease and other income, 
net)

2020
$

2,006   
95   

2019
$
235 
119 

204   

394 

As at December 31, 2020, potential cash outflows of $508,933 (2019 - $474,475) (undiscounted) have not been 
included in the lease liability as it is not reasonably certain the extension options will be exercised. The financial 
effect  of  including  reasonably  certain  extension  options  in  leases  liabilities  and  right-of-use  assets  is  $54,873 
(2019 - $56,124). 

As  at  December  31,  2020,  estimated  commitments  associated  with  low-value  and  short-term  leases  are 
insignificant.

26  Financial instruments

Details of the significant accounting policies and methods adopted, including the criteria for recognition, the 
basis of measurement and the basis on which income and expenses are recognized, in respect of each class of 
financial asset and financial liability, are disclosed in the accounting policies (Note 3). The Company’s financial 
assets  are  measured  at  amortized  cost.  The  Company’s  financial  liabilities  are  measured  at  amortized  cost 
except for redemption liabilities and non-hedged interest swaps, which are carried at fair value through profit 
or  loss.  The  carrying  values  of  financial  instruments  approximate  their  fair  values,  excluding  the  senior 
unsecured notes. The fair value of the senior unsecured notes is $123,764 (2019 - $149,580).

Financial risk management objectives

The  Company’s  activities  are  exposed  to  a  variety  of  financial  risks  of  varying  degrees  of  significance,  which 
could  affect  the  Company’s  ability  to  achieve  its  strategic  objectives.  AutoCanada’s  overall  risk  management 
program  focuses  on  the  unpredictability  of  financial  and  economic  markets  and  seeks  to  reduce  potential 
adverse  effects  on  the  Company’s  financial  performance.  Risk  management  is  carried  out  by  financial 
management  in  conjunction  with  overall  corporate  governance.  The  principal  financial  risks  to  which  the 
Company is exposed are described below.

Market risk

Market risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of 
changes in foreign currency and interest rates.

Foreign currency risk

The  Company  has  operations  in  Canada  and  the  United  States.  Foreign  exchange  risk  arises  from  future 
commercial  transactions  and  recognized  assets  and  liabilities  denominated  in  a  currency  that  is  not  the 
functional  currency  of  the  relevant  entity.  The  Company  is  exposed  to  foreign  exchange  risk  because  its 
Canadian  and  U.S.  operations  engage  in  transactions  denominated  in  a  currency  other  than  their  respective 
functional  currency.  Risk  arises  as  a  result  of  specific  transfers  associated  with  working  capital  between 
Canadian  and  U.S.  operations  as  well  as  wholesale  used  vehicle  transactions  where  Canadian  operations  will 
participate in disciplined cross-border sales when arbitrage opportunities are present.  

Page 40  •  AutoCanada  

 
 
 
 
Interest rate risk

The Company’s exposures to interest rates on financial assets and financial liabilities are detailed in the liquidity 
risk  management  section  herein,  the  indebtedness  note  (Note 24),  and  the  hedge  accounting  note  (Note 35). 
The  sensitivity  analysis  below  has  been  determined  based  on  the  exposure  to  interest  rates  at  the  reporting 
date and stipulated change taking place at the beginning of the financial year and held constant throughout the 
reporting period. The amounts below represent the absolute change to the reported account, an increase in the 
basis  point  would  result  in  a  positive  amount  and  a  decrease  in  the  basis  point  would  result  in  a  negative 
amount. A 100 basis point change and 200 basis point change is used when reporting interest risk internally to 
key management personnel and represents management's assessment of the possible change in interest rates.

Finance costs
Finance income

Credit risk

+/- 200 Basis Point

+/- 100 Basis Point

2020
$
8,916   
16   

2019
$
17,957 
19 

2020
$

4,458   
8   

2019
$
8,978 
9 

The Company’s exposure to credit risk associated with its accounts receivable is the risk that a customer will be 
unable  to  pay  amounts  due  to  the  Company.  Concentration  of  credit  risk  with  respect  to  contracts-in-transit 
and accounts receivable is limited primarily to automobile manufacturers and financial institutions. Credit risk 
arising  from  receivables  with  commercial  customers  is  not  significant  due  to  the  large  number  of  customers 
dispersed across various geographic locations comprising the Company's customer base. Details of the aging 
of the Company’s trade and other receivables are disclosed in the table below. 

The  Company  applies  the  simplified  approach  to  measuring  expected  credit  losses,  which  uses  a  lifetime 
expected  credit  loss  allowance  for  all  trade  receivables.  The  expected  loss  rates  are  based  on  the  payment 
profiles  of  sales  over  the  12-month  periods  prior  to  December  31,  2020  and  December  31,  2019  and  the 
corresponding historical credit losses experienced within these periods.

The loss allowance for trade receivables as at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was determined as 
follows: 

December 31, 2020

December 31, 2019

Expected 
loss rate
%
0.05  
2.05  
4.56  
7.23  
7.31  

Gross carrying 
amount - Trade 
receivables
$

84,470   
9,840   
6,388   
1,495   
18,447   

120,640 

Expected 
loss 
allowance 
(Note 17)
$
40 
202 
292 
108 
1,348 
1,990 

Current
31 - 60 days
61 - 90 days
91 - 120 days
> 120 days
Total

Expected 
loss rate
%
0.01  
1.15  
3.71  
5.37  
7.01  

Gross carrying 
amount - Trade 
receivables
$

86,921   
18,777   
9,365   
4,414   
15,062   

134,539 

Expected 
loss 
allowance 
(Note 17)
$
12 
216 
348 
237 
1,056 
1,869 

The closing loss allowance for trade receivables reconciles to the opening loss allowance as follows:

Balance,  January 1
Loan loss allowance recognized in profit or loss during the year
Receivables written off during the year
Additional amount recorded
Balance,  December 31

2020
$

1,869 
3,474   
(2,640)   
(713)   

1,990 

2019
$

3,208 
(611) 
(1,134) 
406 
1,869 

Page 41  •  AutoCanada

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The amounts disclosed on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position for accounts receivable are net of 
the  expected  loss  allowance,  details  of  which  are  disclosed  in  Note  17.  When  a  trade  and  other  receivable  is 
uncollectible,  it  is  written  off  against  the  allowance  account  for  trade  and  other  receivables.  Subsequent 
recoveries  of  amounts  previously  written  off  are  credited  against  operating  expenses  in  the  Consolidated 
Statements of Comprehensive Loss.

Concentration of cash and cash equivalents exist due to the significant amount of cash held with a Canadian 
financial  institution  (refer  to  Note  16  for  further  discussion  of  the  Company’s  concentration  of  cash  held  on 
deposit with the financial institution). The syndicated revolving floorplan facility (Note 24) allows the Company's 
dealerships to hold excess cash (used to satisfy working capital requirements of the Company's various Original 
Equipment  Manufacturer  ("OEM")  partners)  in  an  account  with  the  financial  institution  which  bears  interest  at 
1.519%  at  December  31,  2020  (2019  -  3.128%).  These  cash  balances  are  fully  accessible  by  the  Company's 
dealerships at any time; however, in the event of a default by a dealership in its floorplan obligation; the cash 
may be used to offset unpaid balances under the facility. As a result, there is a concentration of cash balances 
risk to the Company in the event of a default under the facility.

Liquidity risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company is not able to meet its financial obligations as they become due or can 
do so only at excessive cost. The Company’s activity is financed through a combination of the cash flows from 
operations,  borrowing  under  existing  credit  facilities  and  the  issuance  of  equity.  Prudent  liquidity  risk 
management  implies  maintaining  sufficient  cash  and  cash  equivalents  and  the  availability  of  funding  through 
adequate amounts of committed credit facilities. One of management’s primary goals is to maintain an optimal 
level of liquidity through the active management of the assets and liabilities as well as cash flows.

The Company has renegotiated certain financial liabilities and put in place new facilities to manage liquidity risk 
in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The steps taken by the Company to respond to possible future liquidity 
constraints  arising  from  the  COVID-19  pandemic  and  the  impact  of  those  steps  on  the  consolidated  financial 
statements are summarized in Note 24.

As  at  December  31,  2020,  the  Company  has  $104,877  (2019  -  $185,125)  in  readily  available  liquidity  from  its 
revolving term facility. However, the Company's ability to borrow under this facility requires it to comply with 
its financial covenants. 

The  following  tables  detail  the  Company’s  remaining  contractual  maturity  for  its  financial  liabilities.  The 
amounts  below  have  been  determined  based  on  the  undiscounted  contractual  maturities  of  the  financial 
liabilities.

2021
$

2022
$

2023
$

2024
$

Thereafter
$

Total
$

December 31, 2020
Trade and other payables
Revolving floorplan facilities
Vehicle repurchase obligations
Indebtedness
Contractual interest payable
Lease liabilities
Derivative financial instruments

December 31, 2019
Trade and other payables
Revolving floorplan facilities
Vehicle repurchase obligations
Indebtedness
Contractual interest payable
Lease liabilities
Derivative financial instruments

Page 42  •  AutoCanada  

137,510   
761,943   
4,526   
53   
13,560   
47,819   
7,514   
  972,925   

—   
—   
—   
6,921   
13,560   
46,551   
5,480   
72,512   

—   
—   
—   
70,176   
13,560   
44,930   
5,182   
133,848   

—   
—   
—   
53   
10,959   
43,037   
3,641   
57,690   

—   
—   
—   

137,510 
761,943 
4,526 
125,661    202,864 
53,489 
403,008    585,345 
22,607 
531,309    1,768,284 

1,850   

790   

2020
$

2021
$

2022
$

2023
$

Thereafter
$

Total
$

134,971   
832,158   
7,802   
127   
11,433   
45,529   
1,709   

—   
—   
—   
215,435   
4,512   
45,587   
1,702   

1,033,729

267,236

—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
44,720   
1,443   

46,163

—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
43,241   
1,325   

44,566

— 
—   
—   
—   
—   

134,971
832,158 
7,802 
215,562 
15,945 
425,674    604,751 
6,186 
1,817,375

425,681

7   

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
27  Vehicle repurchase obligations

The Company operates service loaner programs and provides vehicles to a third party vehicle rental company 
with  individual  terms  not  to  exceed  12  months,  at  which  time  the  Company  has  an  obligation  to  repurchase 
each  vehicle  at  a  predetermined  amount.  As  a  result,  the  Company  has  recorded  the  contractual  repurchase 
amounts  as  outstanding  vehicle  repurchase  obligations  and  has  classified  the  liability  as  current  due  to  the 
short-term nature of the obligation.

 28  Commitments and contingencies

Lawsuits and legal claims

The  Company  is  engaged  in  various  legal  proceedings  and  claims  that  have  arisen  in  the  ordinary  course  of 
business. The outcome of all of the proceedings and claims against the Company is subject to future resolution, 
including  the  uncertainties  of  litigation.  Based  on  information  currently  known  to  the  Company  and  after 
consultation with outside legal counsel, management believes that the probable ultimate resolution of any such 
proceedings and claims, individually or in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on the financial 
condition of the Company, taken as a whole. Note 23 includes provisions to account for information known to 
the Company and based on estimates of probable resolutions.

information  for  environmental  matters,  the  Company’s  ongoing  efforts  to 

The  Company’s  operations  are  subject  to  federal,  provincial  and  local  environmental  laws  and  regulations  in 
Canada. While the Company has not identified any costs likely to be incurred in the next several years, based on 
known 
identify  potential 
environmental  concerns  in  connection  with  the  properties  it  leases  may  result  in  the  identification  of 
environmental costs and liabilities. The magnitude of such additional liabilities and the costs of complying with 
environmental  laws  or  remediating  contamination  cannot  be  reasonably  estimated  at  the  Consolidated 
Statement  of  Financial  Position  date  due  to  lack  of  technical  information,  absence  of  third  party  claims,  the 
potential for new or revised laws and regulations and the ability to recover costs from any third parties. Thus, 
the likelihood of any such costs or whether such costs would be material cannot be determined at this time.

Letters of guarantee

The Company has outstanding letters of guarantee totaling $3,528 as at December 31, 2020 (2019 - $2,314) with 
various due dates.

The Company will settle obligations as they arise for which these letters have been issued as security and it is 
not the Company’s intent that draws will be made on these letters.

 Capital commitments

As  at  December  31,  2020,  the  Company  is  committed  to  capital  expenditure  obligations  in  the  amount  of 
$17,700 (2019 - $17,959) related to dealership relocations, dealership re-imagings, and dealership Open Points 
with expected completion of these commitments in 2022.

Page 43  •  AutoCanada

29  Share-based payments

The Company operates an equity-settled compensation plan under which it receives services from employees 
as consideration for share-based payments. The plans are as follows:

Restricted Share Units (RSUs)

The Company grants RSUs to designated management employees. Effective in 2018, the RSU Plan was modified 
such that awards are intended to be settled in shares. The RSU Plan settles by way of common shares, based on 
the  Company's  share  price  at  each  vesting  date.  The  RSUs  are  also  entitled  to  earn  additional  units  based  on 
dividend  payments  made  by  the  Company  and  the  share  price  on  date  of  payment.  The  RSUs  granted  are 
scheduled  to  vest  at  different  intervals  over  three  years  —  conditional  upon  continued  employment  with  the 
Company. 

The following table shows the change in the number and value of RSUs for the years ended:

Outstanding, beginning of the year
Settled - equity
Granted
Forfeited units
Dividends reinvested
Outstanding, end of the year

December 31, 2020

December 31, 2019

Number of
RSUs
127,657   
(4,823)   
191,773   

–

1,849   
316,456   

Amount
$
1,406 
(34) 
997 

–  

13 
2,382 

Number of
RSUs
54,789   
(6,071)   
89,904   
(14,631)   
3,666   
127,657   

Amount
$
622 
(65) 
962 
(153) 
40 
1,406 

During the year ended December 31, 2020, 61,286 RSUs were vested but not settled. 

Deferred Share Units (DSUs)

Independent members of the Board of Directors are paid a portion of their annual retainer in the form of DSUs. 
They may also elect to receive up to 100% of their remaining cash remuneration in the form of DSUs. Effective 
in  2018,  the  DSU  Plan  was  modified  such  that  awards  are  intended  to  be  settled  in  shares.  The  underlying 
security  of  DSUs  are  the  Company’s  common  shares  and  are  valued  based  on  the  Company’s  average  share 
price  for  the  five  business  days  prior  to  the  date  on  which  Directors’  fees  are  granted.  The  DSUs  are  also 
entitled  to  earn  additional  units  based  on  dividend  payments  made  by  the  Company  and  the  share  price  on 
date of payment. 

The DSUs granted are scheduled to vest upon the termination date of the Director, at which time, the DSUs will 
be settled in common shares no earlier than the termination date and no later than December 15 of the calendar 
year following the Director’s termination date.

The following table shows the change in the number and value of DSUs for the years ended December 31:

Outstanding, beginning of the year
Settled
Granted
Dividends reinvested
Outstanding, end of the year

December 31, 2020

December 31, 2019

Number of
DSUs
107,203   
—   
33,764   
1,674   
142,641   

Amount
$
1,020 
— 
483 
12 
1,515 

Number of
DSUs
79,618   
(24,063)   
47,414   
4,234   
107,203   

Amount
$
904 
(429) 
498 
47 
1,020 

Page 44  •  AutoCanada  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Stock Option Plan

The Stock Option Plan (the “Plan”) is designed to provide long-term incentives to designated management to 
deliver  long-term  shareholder  returns.  Under  the  Plan,  participants  are  granted  options  which  only  vest  if 
certain  service  and  market  conditions  are  met.  The  terms  of  the  Plan  specify  that  following  retirement  an 
employee  may  exercise  vested  options  with  the  rights  to  exercise  continuing  for  120  days  following  the 
retirement date. 

Options are granted under the Plan for no consideration and carry no dividend or voting rights. When 
exercisable, each option is exercisable to acquire one common share. The exercise price of options is 
determined by the Board and shall not be lower than the closing price of the AutoCanada shares on the Toronto 
Stock Exchange immediately preceding the date of grant.

The following table shows the change in the number of stock options for the years ended December 31:

2020

2019 

Average
exercise price
per share
option
$

10.26   
5.20   
—   
—   
10.06   
10.04   

Average
exercise price
per share
option
$
10.72   
11.11   
18.68   
10.05   
10.26   
10.05   

Share options
#
2,743,332 
470,000 
(213,332) 
(600,000) 
2,400,000 
850,000 

Share options
#
2,400,000 
100,000 
— 
— 
2,500,000 
1,858,333 

Outstanding, beginning of the year
Granted
Expired
Forfeited
Outstanding, end of the year
Vested and exercisable, end of the year

During the year ended December 31, 2020, no options were exercised.

The following table shows the expiry date and exercise price for the share options outstanding as at December 
31, 2020:

Grant date
August 14, 2018
March 19, 2019
August 14, 2019
March 30, 2020
Total
Weighted average remaining contractual life of options 
outstanding, end of the period

Expiry date
August 14, 2028
August 14, 2028
August 14, 2024
March 30, 2023

Exercise
price
$
10.05
11.49
9.72
5.20

Share options
#
1,930,000
370,000
100,000
100,000
2,500,000

7.33 years

The weighted average remaining contractual life for the share options outstanding as at December 31, 2019 was 
8.46 years.

For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020,  the  assessed  weighted  average  fair  value  at  grant  date  of  options 
granted was $3.05 per option. The fair value at grant date is determined using an adjusted form of the Black-
Scholes  Model  that  takes  into  account  probabilities  using  the  Monte  Carlo  simulation,  as  well  as  the  exercise 
price,  the  expected  life  of  the  option,  the  share  price  at  grant  date,  the  expected  price  volatility  of  the 
underlying share, the expected dividend yield of the underlying share and the risk-free interest rate for the term 
of the option.

Page 45  •  AutoCanada

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The model inputs for options granted during the year ended December 31, 2020 include: 

March 30, 2020 grant

● Options  are  granted  for  no  consideration  and  vest  evenly  on  each  of  the  first,  second  and  third 

anniversaries of the grant date. Vested options are exercisable until March 30, 2025.

● Exercise price: $5.20
● Grant date: March 30, 2020 
● Life of option: 5 years 
● Share price at grant date: $5.16
● Expected price volatility of the Company's shares: 53.93% 
● Expected dividend yield: 7.75% 
● Risk-free interest rate: 0.65%

Expected price volatility was determined at the time of grant using the AutoCanada share price on a historical 
basis.  It  reflects  the  assumption  that  the  historical  volatility  is  indicative  of  future  trends,  which  may  not 
necessarily be the actual outcome.

The  market  price  condition  was  factored  into  the  fair  value  of  the  options  granted  using  the  Monte  Carlo 
simulation to determine the probability that the options will vest based on the market price vesting condition.

During the year ended December 31, 2020, there were expenses of $1,822 (2019 - $3,413) and recoveries of $nil 
(2019 - $537).

Share Appreciation Rights (SARs)

The share appreciation rights are designed to enable those granted rights under the plan to participate in the 
growth  and  profitability  of  the  Company.  All  of  the  rights  are  time-based  and  vest  over  a  maximum  period  of 
three years. Vested rights are exercisable for a maximum period of five years after grant date.  

Each  share  appreciation  right  that  is  exercised  entitles  the  employee  to  receive  a  number  of  common  shares 
that  is  equal  to  (i)  the  amount  by  which  the  fair  market  value  of  one  common  share  exceeds  the  notional 
exercise price of the vested share appreciation right; divided by (ii) the fair market value of one common share. 

The following table shows the change in the number of share appreciation rights for the year ended December 
31, 2020:

2020

2019 

Weighted 
average
exercise price 
per share 
appreciation 
right
$

10.86   
10.05   
10.25   
11.07   
10.27   
12.17   

Weighted 
average
exercise price 
per share 
appreciation 
right
$
11.18   
10.60   
—   
12.00   
10.86   
11.38   

Share 
appreciation 
rights
#
1,043,950 
250,500 
— 
(135,000) 
1,159,450 
51,000 

Share 
appreciation 
rights
#
1,159,450 
158,000 
(63,000) 
(127,500) 
1,126,950 
66,000 

Outstanding, beginning of the year
Granted
Exercised
Forfeited
Outstanding, end of the year
Vested and exercisable, end of the year

During the year ended December 31, 2020, no share appreciation rights expired. 

The weighted average contractual life remaining for these share appreciation rights as at December 31, 2020 is 
2.31 years. 

The assessed weighted average fair value at grant date of the share appreciation rights granted during the year 
ended  December  31,  2020  was  $0.28  per  option.  The  fair  value  at  grant  date  has  been  determined  using  the 
Black-Scholes Model.

Page 46  •  AutoCanada  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The weighted average model inputs for the share appreciation rights granted during the year ended December 
31, 2020 include:

● Exercise price: $7.13
● Expected life of option: 2.31 years 
● Share price at grant date: $8.76
● Expected price volatility of the Company's shares: 22.72%
● Expected dividend yield: 2.71%
● Risk-free interest rate: 0.71%

Expected price volatility was determined at the time of grant using the AutoCanada share price on a historical 
basis, adjusted for any expected changes to future volatility due to publicly available information. It reflects the 
assumption that the historical volatility is indicative of future trends, which may not necessarily be the actual 
outcome. 

During the year ended December 31, 2020, there was a charge of $191 (2019 - $nil) to contributed surplus for 
exercised and settled SARs.

Used Digital Retail Division

Common interests of the Partnership are granted to dealership management and the Executive Chairman (Note 
32)  under  an  equity  issuance  plan  (the  “Digital  Plan”).  This  is  designed  to  provide  long-term  incentives  to 
dealership and related party management to develop and deliver long-term returns on the digital retail initiative 
(Note 13).

Equity  interests  are  issued  under  the  Digital  Plan  for  the  fair  value  of  the  interests  at  grant  date  and  carry  no 
dividend or voting rights. The interests vest in accordance with the terms stated in the initial grant agreements. 
When exercisable, the consideration paid to the equity interest holders is based on the value of the Partnership 
on the date of exercise and will be settled in common shares. 

For the year ended December 31, 2020, a 15% interest in the Partnership was granted to an entity controlled by 
the Executive Chair. This interest contained a share-based payment arrangement that vested immediately when 
granted on December 1, 2020, which resulted in share-based compensation expense of $435 recognized in the 
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss.

Share-Based Compensation Expense

Total  expenses  net  of  recoveries  arising  from  share-based  payment  transactions  recognized  during  the  year 
included in employee costs are as follows: 

Stock options
Restricted share units 
Deferred share units 
Share appreciation rights
Share-based compensation
Used digital retail equity issuance (Note 15)

2020
$
1,822   
917   
494   
796   
4,029   
435   
4,464   

2019
$
2,876 
663 
543 
723 
4,805 
— 
4,805 

Page 47  •  AutoCanada

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
30  Share capital

Common  shares  of  the  Company  are  voting  shares  and  have  no  par  value.  The  authorized  share  capital  is  an 
unlimited number of shares.

Restricted Share Unit Trust

Shares  are  held  in  trust  to  mitigate  the  risk  of  future  share  price  increases  from  the  time  the  RSUs  and  DSUs 
(Note 29) are granted to when they are fully vested and can be exercised. The beneficiaries are members of the 
Executive and Senior Management Team, who participate in the long-term incentive compensation plan called 
the RSU Plan, and independent members of the Board of Directors, who participate in the DSU Plan. Under the 
Trust  Agreement,  the  third  party  trustee  will  administer  the  distribution  of  shares  to  the  beneficiaries  upon 
vesting,  as  directed  by  the  Company.  Dividends  earned  during  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020  on  the 
shares held in trust of $3 (2019 - $17) are reinvested to purchase additional shares. The shares held in trust are 
accounted  for  as  treasury  shares  and  have  been  deducted  from  the  Company’s  consolidated  equity  as  at 
December 31, 2020.

The following table shows the change in shareholders’ capital for the years ended:

Outstanding, beginning of the year

Treasury shares acquired

Dividends reinvested

Treasury shares settled

December 31, 2020

December 31, 2019

Number of 
shares

27,430,909   

$
509,890 

Number of 
shares
27,417,062   

(217,350)   

(2,081) 

(438)   

13,582   

(3) 

306 

—   

(1,368)   

15,215   

$
509,538 

— 

(17) 

369 

Outstanding, end of the year

27,226,703   

508,112 

27,430,909   

509,890 

Shares held in trust for equity based awards

232,980   

— 

28,774   

— 

Issued, end of year

27,459,683   

508,112 

27,459,683   

509,890 

Dividends

Dividends  are  discretionary  and  are  determined  based  on  a  number  of  factors.  Dividends  are  subject  to 
approval of the Board of Directors. During the year ended December 31, 2020, eligible dividends totaling $0.10 
(2019  -  $0.40)  per  common  share  were  declared  and  paid,  resulting  in  total  payments  of  $2,743  (2019  - 
$10,968). 

On April 20, 2020, the Company suspended the eligible quarterly dividend per common share. 

Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share was calculated by dividing earnings attributable to common shares by the sum of the 
weighted-average  number  of  shares  outstanding  during  the  period.  Basic  earnings  per  share  are  adjusted  by 
the dilutive impact of the RSUs, DSUs, SARs, and stock options to calculate the diluted earnings per share.

Net loss for the year attributable to common shares

2020
$

(7,455)   

2019
$
(28,353) 

Page 48  •  AutoCanada  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table shows the weighted-average number of shares outstanding for the years ended:

Basic
Effect of dilution from RSUs
Effect of dilution from stock options 
Effect of dilution from SARs
Diluted

2020
$

27,313,140   
—   
—   
—   
27,313,140   

2019
$
27,420,483 
— 
— 
— 
27,420,483 

For the year ended December 31, 2020, potential common shares related to RSUs of (87,051), stock options of 
(729,253), and SARs of (376,670) were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because 
they were anti-dilutive.

31 

Capital disclosures

The  Company’s  objective  when  managing  its  capital  is  to  safeguard  the  Company’s  assets  and  its  ability  to 
continue  as  a  going  concern  while  at  the  same  time  maximizing  the  growth  of  the  business,  returns  to 
shareholders,  and  benefits  for  other  stakeholders.  No  specific  targets  or  ratios  are  set  by  the  Company.  The 
Company views its capital as the combination of long-term indebtedness and equity.

The calculation of the Company’s capital is summarized below:

Long-term indebtedness (Note 24)
Equity

December 31, 
2020
$

197,166   
362,820   
559,986   

December 31, 
2019
$
213,305 
368,099 
581,404 

The  Company  manages  its  capital  structure  in  accordance  with  changes  in  economic  conditions  and  the  risk 
characteristics of the underlying assets. In order to maintain or adjust its capital structure, the Company may 
assume additional debt, refinance existing debt with different characteristics, sell assets to reduce debt, issue 
new shares or adjust the amount of dividends paid to its shareholders. The Company was in compliance with its 
debt covenants as at December 31, 2020.

32  Related party transactions

Transactions with companies controlled by Directors 

During the year, there were transactions with companies whose partners or senior officers are Directors of the 
Company or related to Directors of the Company. These counterparties are: 

● Business associates of the Executive Chairman who provide consulting services; 
●  A  firm,  whose  controlling  partner  is  the  Executive  Chairman,  that  provides  administrative,  limited 

transportation, and other support services; and

●  A  company  that  is  controlled  by  a  family  member  of  the  President  of  Canadian  Operations,  which 

provides the sourcing of customer leads. 

All  significant  transactions  between  AutoCanada  and  companies  related  to  Directors  were  approved  by  the 
Company's Board of Directors. A summary of these transactions is as follows: 

Consulting services
Administrative and other support fees

2020
$
360   
791   
1,151   

2019
$
670 
722 
1,392 

Page 49  •  AutoCanada

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Used Digital Retail Division

The firm controlled by the Executive Chairman was issued a 15% common interest in the Partnership created as 
a part of the digital retail strategy (Note 13), which vested at the time of grant (Note 29). 

Key management personnel compensation

Key  management  personnel  consists  of  the  Company's  executive  officers  and  Directors.  Key  management 
personnel compensation is as follows:

Employee costs (including Directors)
Short-term employee benefits
Partnership interest paid
Share-based compensation

2020
$

4,029   
108   
435   
—   
4,572   

2019
$
6,183 
61 
— 
47 
6,291 

33  Net change in non-cash working capital

The following table summarizes the net increase (decrease) in cash due to changes in non-cash working capital 
for the years ended: 

Trade and other receivables
Inventories
Current tax recoverable/payable
Other current assets
Other liabilities
Trade and other payables
Vehicle repurchase obligations
Revolving floorplan facilities

December 31, 
2020
$

14,711   
137,036   
(152)   
(229)   
172   
(8,130)   
—   
(72,443)   
70,965   

December 31, 
2019
$
(2,495) 
(83,411) 
(1,686) 
(5,343) 
(3,942) 
30,023 
148 
103,612 
36,906 

Factors that can affect these items include seasonal sales trends, strategic decisions regarding inventory levels, 
the addition of new dealerships, and the day of the week on which period-end cut-offs occur.

34  Fair value of financial instruments

The Company’s financial instruments as at December 31, 2020 are represented by cash and cash equivalents, 
trade  and  other  receivables,  trade  and  other  payables,  revolving  floorplan  facilities,  vehicle  repurchase 
obligations,  long-term  indebtedness,  bank  indebtedness,  contingent  consideration,  redemption  liabilities, 
hedging derivatives, and non-hedge interest swaps.

The  fair  values  of  cash  and  cash  equivalents,  trade  and  other  receivables,  trade  and  other  payables,  and 
revolving floorplan facilities approximate their carrying values due to their short-term nature.

The long-term indebtedness has a carrying value that approximates the fair value due to the floating rate nature 
of the debt. While there is a portion that has a fixed rate, the long-term indebtedness has a carrying value that is 
not materially different from its fair value. 

Derivative  financial  instruments  are  made  up  of  interest  rate  swaps  (Level  2).  The  fair  value  of  interest  rate 
swaps  are  calculated  as  the  present  value  of  the  future  cash  flows.  Both  contractually  agreed  payments  and 
forward interest rates  are  used to calculate the cash flows, which are then discounted on the basis  of  a yield 
curve that is observable in the market.

Redemption liabilities (Level 3) are remeasured at fair value each reporting period with the gain or loss being 
recognized through profit or loss (Note 15).

The fair value was determined based on the prevailing and comparable market interest rates.

Page 50  •  AutoCanada  

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The fair value hierarchy categorizes fair value measurements into three levels based on the inputs to valuation 
technique, which are defined as follows:

● Level 1 – Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
● Level 2 – Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or 

liability, either directly (that is, as prices) or indirectly (that is, derived from prices).

● Level  3  –  Inputs  for  the  asset  or  liability  that  are  not  based  on  observable  market  data  (that  is, 

unobservable inputs).

There were no transfers between the levels of the fair value hierarchy during the year.

35  Derivative financial instruments  and other liabilities

Derivative financial instruments 

Derivative  financial  instruments  are  held  for  the  purpose  of  managing  exposures  to  fluctuations  in  foreign 
exchange rates and interest rates.

Foreign exchange risk

The  Company  uses  foreign  exchange  forward  contracts  to  economically  hedge  foreign  currency  risk.  These 
contracts  are  not  designated  as  hedges  for  accounting  purposes  and  changes  in  fair  value  are  immediately 
recognized in net income. 

Certain forward contracts were settled for a pre-tax loss of $2,282, presented in revenue, as the loss was offset 
against  the  original  source  of  foreign  currency  exposure.  The  Company  has  recommenced  the  economic 
hedging program of foreign currency risk.

Interest rate risk

The  Company  enters  into  interest  rate  swaps  to  hedge  the  variable  rates  of  the  syndicated  floorplan  facility, 
transforming the variable rate exposure to fixed rate obligations. Certain interest rate swaps are designated as 
cash  flow  hedges  and  periodically  assessed  for  effectiveness.  Where  the  hedging  relationship  is  assessed  as 
being effective, changes in fair value are recognized in other comprehensive income. Changes in fair value on 
derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments are immediately recognized in net income.

During the year ended December 31, 2020, certain cash flow hedges with a notional amount of $177,800 were 
de-designated as a result of the termination of the interest rate swaps. This resulted in a pre-tax loss of $11,911 
that was fully deferred in accumulated other comprehensive income, which will be reclassified to net income in 
future periods with the original associated finance costs.

Concurrently, the Company entered into new interest rate swaps with the notional amount of $177,800 to 
economically hedge variable rate debt. These instruments have a settlement period from April 2021 through to 
June 2025. Changes in the fair value of these instruments will be recorded in finance costs as the Company has 
not elected to apply hedge accounting to these contracts.

The fair values and notional amounts of derivative financial instruments are as follows:

December 31, 2020
Other current assets

Other liabilities - current

Derivative financial instruments - liabilities

Notional values

Maturity

December 31, 2019
Derivative financial instruments - liabilities

Notional values

Maturity

Foreign exchange 
contracts

Interest rate swaps

Non-hedges Cash flow hedges

Non-hedges

Total

366   

—   

—   

—   

461   

—   

—   

366 

461 

7,060   

15,086   

22,146 

17,300 USD

222,200 CAD

177,800 CAD

2021

2021 - 2023

2025

—   

— 
— 

6,186   

—   

6,186 

400,000 CAD  
2021 - 2023  

— 
— 

Page 51  •  AutoCanada

 
 
 
 
 
 
The weighted average hedge rate of cash flow hedges was 2.58% (2019 - 2.62%).

Unrealized and realized pre-tax gains and (losses) on derivative instruments recognized in net income and other 
comprehensive income on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss are:

For the year ended December 31, 2020
Change in fair value of hedging instruments

Fair value of terminated hedges

Unrealized change in fair value of non-hedging instruments 
(Note 11)
Amortization of terminated hedges (Note 11)

Interest rate swap settlements (Note 11)

Unrealized change in fair value of foreign exchange forward 
contracts

Realized loss on foreign exchange forward contracts

Other 
comprehensive 
income
$

Net income
$

—   

—   

(3,175)   

(2,308)   

(3,208)   

366   

(1,754)   

(10,079)   

(1,335)   

(11,911)   

—   

2,308   

—   

—   

—   

(10,938)   

Total
$

(1,335) 

(11,911) 

(3,175) 

— 

(3,208) 

366 

(1,754) 

(21,017) 

For the year ended December 31, 2019
Unrealized change in fair value of hedging instruments

—   

(2,424)   

(2,424) 

Hedge ineffectiveness

Hedge effectiveness is determined at the inception of the hedge relationship, and through periodic prospective 
effectiveness  assessments  to  ensure  that  an  economic  relationship  exists  between  the  hedged  item  and 
hedging instrument. 

The  Company  enters  into  interest  rate  swaps  that  have  similar  critical  terms  as  the  hedged  item,  such  as 
interest  rate,  payment  dates,  maturities  and  notional  amount.  The  group  does  not  hedge  100%  of  its  loans, 
therefore, the hedged item is identified as a proportion of the outstanding loans up to the notional amount of 
the swaps. As all critical terms matched during the year, the economic relationship was 100% effective.

Effect of IBOR reform

Following the financial crisis, the reform and replacement of benchmark interest rates such as CDOR and other 
interbank offered rates ("IBORs") has become a priority for global regulators (referred to as "IBOR reform"). The 
Canadian Alternative Reference Rate Working Group (CARR) was created to identify and seek to develop a new 
risk-free  Canadian  dollar  interest  rate  benchmark.  Although  there  are  no  plans  to  immediately  discontinue 
CDOR rates, an enhanced Canadian Oversight Repo Rate Average (CORRA) has been designed to comply with 
recommendations of the Financial Stability Board as part of a global effort to reform benchmark interest rates. 
As  a  result,  there  is  uncertainty  about  how  the  Canadian  dollar  benchmark  rates  will  evolve  and  the  speed  at 
which CORRA will become a dominant benchmark for Canadian dollar borrowings. 

The  Company  performs  a  qualitative  assessment  of  hedge  ineffectiveness  for  interest  rate  swaps,  which  may 
occur due to:

● the credit value/debit value adjustment on the interest rate swaps which is not matched by the loan; 
●  differences in critical terms between the interest rate swaps and loans; and
●  the  effects  of  the  forthcoming  reforms  to  CDOR  because  these  may  take  effect  at  a  different  time 
and have a different impact on the hedged item (the floating-rate debt) and the hedging instrument 
(the interest rate swap used to hedge the debt).

The associated derivative financial instruments were valued at $22,146 as at December 31, 2020 (2019 - $6,186). 
There was no ineffectiveness during 2020 and in 2019.

The Company has evaluated the extent to which its cash flow hedging relationships are subject to uncertainty 
driven  by  IBOR  reform  as  at  December  31,  2020.  As  the  CDOR  rate  associated  with  the  derivative  financial 
instrument was still in effect, there was no impact from the IBOR reform. 

Page 52  •  AutoCanada  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other liabilities 

Equity forward liability

The  Company  has  entered  into  an  equity  forward  purchase  agreement  with  a  major  Canadian  financial 
institution to reduce its cash and income exposure to fluctuations in its share price relating to the RSUs, DSUs, 
and SARs. Pursuant to the agreement, the Company receives the economic benefit of share price appreciation 
and suffers the economic loss of share price depreciation, while providing payments to the financial institution 
for the institution's cost of funds minus dividends. As the agreement requires settlement in shares, the liability 
has been recorded as the present value of the settlement and is not subject to remeasurement.

As at December 31, 2020, the equity forward agreement covered 329,000 (2019 - 329,000) common shares of 
the Company and the associated long-term liability was valued at $3,466 (2019 - $3,466).  

Prior year restructuring charges

The  Company  recognized  a  non-cash  restructuring  charge  of  $13,393  in  2019  related  to  the  voluntary 
termination  of  two  franchises.  The  remaining  provision  of  $6,177  as  at  December  31,  2020  pertains  to 
committed  operating  costs  of  the  related  facility,  of  which  $1,215  is  included  in  other  current  liabilities  and 
$4,962 is included in other long-term liabilities. 

36    Segmented reporting

During  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020,  the  Executive  Chairman  served  as  the  function  of  the  Chief 
Operating  Decision  Maker  (CODM).  The  Executive  Chairman  is  responsible  for  allocating  resources  and 
assessing the performance of the following segments: Canadian Operations and U.S. Operations.

Each reportable operating segment is comprised of retail automobile dealerships and related businesses.

Transactions  between  reportable  segments  are  accounted  for  in  accordance  with  the  accounting  policies 
described in the summary of significant accounting policies. 

The Company's CODM measures the performance of each operating segment based on operating profit (loss). 
The segmented information is set out in the following tables:

Year ended December 31, 2020

Year ended December 31, 2019

Canada 1
$

U.S.
$

Total
$

Canada 1
$

U.S.
$

Total
$

Revenues

External revenues

2,977,149   

356,009   

3,333,158 

3,094,062   

441,483   

3,535,545 

Inter-segment revenue  
Total revenues

(3,664)   
2,973,485   

—   
356,009   

(3,664) 
3,329,494 

(59,434)   
3,034,628   

—   
441,483   

(59,434) 
3,476,111 

1 

AutoCanada's corporate office has been included with the Canadian Operations segment, as it is located in Canada. 

Page 53  •  AutoCanada

 
 
 
 
 
 
Year ended December 31, 
2020

Year ended December 31, 
2019

Canada 1
$

U.S.
$

Total
$

Canada 1
$

U.S.
$

Total
$

Operating profit before other income 
(expense)

Lease and other income, net (Note 10)

Gain on disposal of assets, net (Note 10)

  87,692   

(2,029)    85,663 

79,877   

(9,150)   

70,727 

6,744   

1,563   

642   

(193)   

7,386 

1,370 

8,866   

1,835   

10,701 

11,014   

—   

11,014 

Impairment of non-financial assets (Note 21)

(15,312)   

(8,895)   

(24,207) 

(6,520)    (30,055)   

(36,575) 

Restructuring charges (Note 35)
Operating profit (loss)

Finance costs (Note 11)

Finance income (Note 11)

Gain (loss) on redemption liabilities (Note 15)

Other losses

Net loss for the year before tax

—   
  80,687   

—   
(10,475)   

— 
70,212 

—   
  93,237   

(13,393)   
(50,763)   

(13,393) 
42,474 

(72,505) 

808 

762 

(482) 
(1,205) 

(68,784) 

912 

(550) 
(350) 

(26,298) 

1 

AutoCanada's corporate office has been included with the Canadian Operations segment, as it is located in Canada. 

As at December 31, 2020

As at December 31, 2019

Assets held for sale (Note 19)

1,039   

Canada 1
$

U.S.
$
—   

Total
$
1,039 

Canada 1
$

14,193   

U.S.
$
—   

Total
$
14,193 

Segment assets

  1,667,960   

Capital expenditures (Note 20)

20,667   

232,422   
299   

1,900,382 
20,966 

1,752,151   

237,766   

1,989,917 

29,882   

752   

30,634 

Segment liabilities

1,235,119   

302,443   

1,537,562 

1,371,460   

250,358   

1,621,818 

1 

AutoCanada's corporate office has been included with the Canadian Operations segment, as it is located in Canada. 

Disaggregation of revenue

The  significant  majority  of  the  Company's  revenue  is  from  contracts  with  customers.  Taxes  assessed  by 
governmental authorities that are directly imposed on revenue transactions are excluded from revenue. In the 
following table, revenue is disaggregated by major lines of goods and services and timing of transfer of goods 
and services. The Company has determined that these categories depict how the nature, amount, timing, and 
uncertainty  of  its  revenue  and  cash  flows  are  affected  by  economic  factors.  The  table  below  also  includes  a 
reconciliation of the disaggregated revenue with the Company's reportable segments:

New vehicles

Used vehicles

Parts, service and collision repair

Finance, insurance and other

Total revenue

Canada 1
$

U.S.
$

1,528,915   

204,976   

Total
$
1,733,891 

923,192   

361,472   

87,689   

1,010,881 

48,499   

409,971 

159,906   

14,845   

174,751 

2,973,485   

356,009   

3,329,494 

1 

AutoCanada's corporate office has been included with the Canadian Operations segment, as it is located in Canada. 

Page 54  •  AutoCanada  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AutoCanada Inc.
200 - 15511 123 Avenue NW
Edmonton, AB • T5V 0C3 www.autocan.ca