Quarterlytics / AutoCanada Inc.

AutoCanada Inc.

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FY2021 Annual Report · AutoCanada Inc.
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2021

Annual
Financial
Results

Independent auditor’s report 

To the Shareholders of AutoCanada Inc. 

Our opinion 

In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, 
the financial position of AutoCanada Inc. and its subsidiaries (together, the Company) as at December 31, 
2021 and 2020, and its financial performance and its cash flows for the years then ended in accordance 
with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards 
Board (IFRS). 

What we have audited 
The Company’s consolidated financial statements comprise: 

 

 

 

 

 

the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2021 
and 2020; 

the consolidated statements of financial position as at December 31, 2021 and 2020; 

the consolidated statements of changes in equity for the years then ended; 

the consolidated statements of cash flows for the years then ended; and 

the notes to the consolidated financial statements, which include significant accounting policies and 
other explanatory information. 

Basis for opinion 

We conducted our audit in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards. Our 
responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of 
the consolidated financial statements section of our report. 

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for 
our opinion. 

Independence 
We are independent of the Company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our 
audit of the consolidated financial statements in Canada. We have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities 
in accordance with these requirements. 

Key audit matters 

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our 
audit of the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2021. These matters were 

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP 
Stantec Tower, 10220 103 Avenue NW, Suite 2200, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T5J 0K4 
T: +1 780 441 6700, F: +1 780 441 6776 

“PwC” refers to PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an Ontario limited liability partnership. 

addressed in the context of our audit of the consolidated financial statements as a whole, and in forming 
our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.  

Key audit matter 

How our audit addressed the key audit matter 

Impairment recoveries of intangible assets in 
the Canadian Operations segment 

Our approach to addressing the matter included the 
following procedures, among others: 

Refer to note 3 – Significant accounting policies, 
note 5 – Critical accounting estimates and 
note 21 – Goodwill and intangible assets to the 
consolidated financial statements.

The Company had intangible assets of $548,249 
thousand as at December 31, 2021, of which a 
portion pertains to the Canadian Operations 
segment. Management performs an impairment test 
annually, or more frequently if events or changes in 
circumstances indicate that the carrying value may 
not be recoverable. An impairment assessment is 
conducted at the level of a cash generating unit 
(CGU), which is the lowest level for which there are 
separately identifiable cash flows. An impairment 
loss is recognized if the carrying amount of a CGU 
exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable 
amount of each CGU is based on the greater of fair 
value less costs to dispose (FVLCD) and value in 
use (VIU). Impairment losses, other than those 
relating to goodwill, are evaluated for potential 
reversals of impairment when events or changes in 
circumstances warrant such consideration. 

Under the FVLCD approach, fair value is calculated 
based on an applicable multiple applied to 
projected earnings before interest, taxes, 
depreciation and amortization (EBITDA). In arriving 
at the FVLCD, management considers projected 
operating margins, growth rates and EBITDA 
multiples as significant assumptions. Under the VIU 
approach, the discounted cash flow (DCF) method 
is used, which involves projecting cash flows and 
converting them into a present value equivalent 
through discounting. Significant assumptions used 
in the VIU approach include projected operating 
margins, growth rates and discount rates. Based on 
the impairment assessment, management 

●  Tested how management determined the 

recoverable amount for certain CGUs in the 
Canadian Operations segment for which 
events or changes in circumstances have been 
identified, which included the following: 

  Tested the appropriateness of the 

approaches used and the mathematical 
accuracy of FVLCD and VIU calculations. 

  Tested the reasonableness of the 

projected operating margins and growth 
rates applied by management in the 
applicable calculations by comparing them 
to the budget, management’s strategic 
plans approved by the Board, available 
third party published economic data and 
the results historically achieved by the 
respective CGUs. 

  Professionals with specialized skill and 

knowledge in the field of valuation assisted 
in testing the reasonableness of the 
discount rates applied by management 
based on available data of comparable 
companies and in testing the 
reasonableness of the EBITDA multiples 
by comparing to market data, as well as 
assessing the valuation methodologies 
used. 

  Tested the accuracy and completeness of 
underlying data used in the FVLCD and 
VIU calculations. 

●  Tested the disclosures made in the 

consolidated financial statements, including the 
sensitivity of the significant assumptions used. 

Key audit matter 

How our audit addressed the key audit matter 

recognized impairment recoveries of $39,846 
thousand in the Canadian Operations segment 
allocated to intangible assets. 

We considered this a key audit matter due to (i) the 
significance of the intangible asset balances and (ii) 
the significant judgment made by management in 
determining the recoverable amounts of the CGUs, 
including the use of significant assumptions. This 
has resulted in a high degree of subjectivity and 
audit effort in performing audit procedures to test 
the significant assumptions. Professionals with 
specialized skill and knowledge in the field of 
valuation assisted us in performing our procedures. 

Valuation of indefinite-life intangible assets 
relating to franchise rights acquired in the 
Autopoint Group business acquisition 

Refer to note 3 – Significant accounting policies, 
note 5 – Critical accounting estimates and 
note 13 – Business acquisitions to the consolidated 
financial statements.

On December 1, 2021, the Company completed the 
acquisition of substantially all of the assets of the 
Autopoint Group for a total purchase consideration 
of $132,404 thousand. The fair values of the 
identifiable assets acquired included $88,215 
thousand in intangible assets relating to indefinite-
life franchise rights associated with the respective 
dealerships. Management applied significant 
judgment in estimating the fair values of the 
intangible assets. Management estimated the fair 
values of the intangible assets relating to indefinite-
life franchise rights based on the multi-period 
excess earnings method, using discounted cash 
flow models. The determinations of the estimated 
fair values involved significant assumptions 
regarding projected operating margins, terminal 
growth rates and discount rates.   

We considered this a key audit matter due to the 
significant judgment applied by management in 

Our approach to addressing the matter included the 
following procedures, among others: 

●  Tested how management estimated the fair 
values of the indefinite-life intangible assets 
relating to franchise rights, which included the 
following: 

  Read the purchase agreements. 

  Tested the underlying data used by 

management in estimating the fair values 
of the indefinite-life intangible assets 
relating to franchise rights.  

  Evaluated the reasonableness of 

significant assumptions developed by 
management related to projected operating 
margins and terminal growth rates by 
comparing them to the acquisition plan 
approved by the Board, available third 
party economic and industry data and 
results historically achieved by the 
respective dealerships. 

  Professionals with specialized skill and 

knowledge in the field of valuation assisted 
in evaluating the appropriateness of the 
multi-period excess earnings method and 
the discounted cash flow models and in 

Key audit matter 

How our audit addressed the key audit matter 

testing the reasonableness of the discount 
rates. 

estimating the fair values of the intangible assets 
relating to indefinite-life franchise rights, including 
the development of significant assumptions. This, in 
turn, led to a high degree of auditor judgment, 
subjectivity and effort in performing procedures and 
evaluating audit evidence relating to the significant 
assumptions developed by management. The audit 
effort involved the use of professionals with 
specialized skill and knowledge in the field of 
valuation.

Other information 

Management is responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the Management’s 
Discussion and Analysis. 

Our opinion on the consolidated financial statements does not cover the other information and we do not 
express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. 

In connection with our audit of the consolidated financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other 
information identified above and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially 
inconsistent with the consolidated financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit, or 
otherwise appears to be materially misstated. 

If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other 
information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard. 

Responsibilities of management and those charged with governance for the 
consolidated financial statements 

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the consolidated financial 
statements in accordance with IFRS, and for such internal control as management determines is 
necessary to enable the preparation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material 
misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. 

In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is responsible for assessing the 
Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going 
concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless management either intends to liquidate 
the Company or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so. 

Those charged with governance are responsible for overseeing the Company’s financial reporting 
process.  

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the consolidated financial statements 

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements as 
a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s 
report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a 
guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards 
will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and 
are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence 
the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these consolidated financial statements. 

As part of an audit in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards, we exercise 
professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also: 

 

Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, 
whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and 
obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of 
not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, 
as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of 
internal control. 

  Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures 

that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the 
effectiveness of the Company’s internal control. 

  Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting 

estimates and related disclosures made by management. 

  Conclude on the appropriateness of management’s use of the going concern basis of accounting and, 
based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or 
conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. If 
we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor’s report 
to the related disclosures in the consolidated financial statements or, if such disclosures are 
inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to 
the date of our auditor’s report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Company to 
cease to continue as a going concern.  

  Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the consolidated financial statements, 

including the disclosures, and whether the consolidated financial statements represent the underlying 
transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation. 

  Obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the entities or 
business activities within the Company to express an opinion on the consolidated financial 
statements. We are responsible for the direction, supervision and performance of the group audit. We 
remain solely responsible for our audit opinion. 

We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope 
and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal 
control that we identify during our audit.  

We also provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with relevant 
ethical requirements regarding independence, and to communicate with them all relationships and other 
matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, related 
safeguards. 

From the matters communicated with those charged with governance, we determine those matters that 
were of most significance in the audit of the consolidated financial statements of the current period and 
are therefore the key audit matters. We describe these matters in our auditor’s report unless law or 
regulation precludes public disclosure about the matter or when, in extremely rare circumstances, we 
determine that a matter should not be communicated in our report because the adverse consequences of 
doing so would reasonably be expected to outweigh the public interest benefits of such communication. 

The engagement partner on the audit resulting in this independent auditor’s report is Richard Probert. 

/s/PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP 

Chartered Professional Accountants 

Edmonton, Alberta 
March 2, 2022 

Consolidated Financial Statements

For the year ended December 31, 2021

AutoCanada Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) 
For the Years Ended 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars except for share and per share amounts)

Revenue (Note 6)
Cost of sales (Note 7)
Gross profit
Operating expenses (Note 8)
Operating profit before other income (expense)
Lease and other income, net (Note 10)
(Loss) gain on disposal of assets, net (Note 10)
Recoveries (impairment) of non-financial assets (Note 21)
Operating profit
Finance costs (Note 11)
Finance income (Note 11)
(Loss) gain on redemption liabilities (Note 15)
Other losses
Net income (loss) for the year before tax
Income taxes (Note 12)
Net income (loss) for the year

Other comprehensive gains and (losses)
Items that may be reclassified to profit or loss
Foreign operations currency translation
Change in fair value of cash flow hedge (Note 26)
Income tax relating to these items
Other comprehensive income (loss) for the year, net of tax

Comprehensive income (loss) for the year

Net income (loss) for the year attributable to:
AutoCanada shareholders
Non-controlling interests

Comprehensive income (loss) for the year attributable to:

AutoCanada shareholders
Non-controlling interests

Net income (loss) per share attributable to AutoCanada shareholders:
Basic
Diluted

Weighted average shares
Basic (Note 31)
Diluted (Note 31)

December 31, 
2021
$
4,653,415 
(3,819,232) 
834,183 
(612,609) 
221,574 
9,035 
(387)
39,846 
270,068 
(35,189) 
810 
(14,116) 
(353)
221,220 
54,021 
167,199 

December 31, 
2020
$
3,329,494 
(2,782,168) 
547,326 
(461,663) 
85,663 
7,386 
1,370
(24,207)
70,212 
(72,505) 
808 
762 
(482)
(1,205) 
5,418 
(6,623) 

(2,069) 
8,880 
(2,392) 

4,419 
171,618 

164,207 
2,992 
167,199 

168,626 
2,992 
171,618 

5.98 
5.60 

(2,089) 
(10,938) 
2,836 

(10,191) 
(16,814) 

(7,455) 
832 
(6,623) 

(17,646) 
832 
(16,814) 

(0.27) 
(0.27) 

27,474,106 
29,305,292 

27,313,140 
27,313,140 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Approved on behalf of the Company

Paul W. Antony, Director

Barry L. James, Director

Page 1  •  AutoCanada

AutoCanada Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents (Note 16)
Trade and other receivables (Note 17)
Inventories (Note 18)
Other current assets (Note 22)
Assets held for sale (Note 19)

Property and equipment (Note 20)
Right-of-use assets (Note 25)
Other long-term assets (Note 22)
Deferred income tax  (Note 12)
Intangible assets (Note 21)
Goodwill (Note 21)

LIABILITIES
Current liabilities
Trade and other payables (Note 23)
Revolving floorplan facilities (Note 24)
Current tax payable 
Vehicle repurchase obligations (Note 27)
Indebtedness (Note 24)
Redemption liabilities (Note 15)
Lease liabilities (Note 25)
Other liabilities (Note 28)

Long-term indebtedness (Note 24)
Long-term lease liabilities (Note 25)
Long-term redemption liabilities (Note 15)
Derivative financial instruments (Note 26)
Other long-term liabilities (Note 28)

    Deferred income tax  (Note 12)

EQUITY
Attributable to AutoCanada shareholders
Attributable to non-controlling interests

December 31, 
2021
$

December 31, 
2020
$

102,480   
132,913   
737,299   
9,572   
—   
982,264   
248,109   
370,998   
17,211   
40,881   
548,249   
50,961   
2,258,673   

189,731   
708,561   
3,119   
3,584   
—   
21,673   
25,602   
1,167   
953,437   
285,908   
427,215   
659   
8,299   
9,932   
53,814   
1,739,264   

493,411   
25,998   
519,409   
2,258,673   

107,704 
118,650 
699,200 
8,931 
1,039 
935,524 
203,525 
308,897 
14,337 
29,713 
399,633 
25,734 
1,917,363 

137,510 
761,943 
5,030 
4,526 
65 
7,557 
24,079 
2,176 
942,886 
197,166 
363,850 
435 
22,146 
8,428 
19,632 
1,554,543 

341,874 
20,946 
362,820 
1,917,363 

Commitments and contingencies (Note 29)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Page 2  •  AutoCanada  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AutoCanada Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity
For the Years Ended
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

Balance, January 1, 2021

Net income
Other comprehensive (loss) 
income

Dividends declared by 
subsidiaries to non-controlling 
interests (Note 15)
Reorganization of non-
controlling interests (Note 15)
Forward share purchase (Note 
28)
Settlement of share-based 
awards  (Note 30)
Issuance of executive and 
employee advances (Note  30)

Deferred tax on share-based 
payments
Shares settled from treasury 
(Note 31)
Share-based compensation 
(Note 30)

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

(3,631)   

(2,570)   

213   

—   

(18,422)   

—   

—   

—   

(4,570)   

—   

9,084   

—   

3,685   

(3,685)   

—   

—   

3,345   

Share
capital
$
  510,606 

Treasury
shares
$

(2,494)   

Attributable to AutoCanada shareholders
Cumulative
translation
adjustment
$

OCI hedge 
reserve
$

Contributed
surplus
$
9,995 

(3,036)   

(12,637)   

Retained 
earnings
$

Total 
capital
$
(160,560)    341,874 

Non-
controlling
interests
$
20,946 

Total
equity
$
  362,820 

—   

—   

—   

164,207   

164,207   

2,992   

167,199 

—   

(2,069)   

6,488   

—   

4,419   

—   

4,419 

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

(79)   

(79) 

(538)   

(538)   

2,139   

1,601 

—   

(6,201)   

—   

(6,201) 

—   

(18,209)   

—   

(18,209) 

—   

(4,570)   

—   

(4,570) 

—   

9,084   

—   

9,084 

—   

—   

—   

— 

—   

3,345   

—   

3,345 

Balance, December 31, 2021

510,819 

(2,440)   

(6,823)   

(5,105)   

(6,149)   

3,109 

  493,411 

25,998 

  519,409 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Page 3  •  AutoCanada

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AutoCanada Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity
For the Years Ended
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

Share 
capital
$

Treasury
shares
$

Attributable to AutoCanada shareholders
Cumulative
translation
adjustment
$

Contributed 
surplus
$

OCI hedge 
reserve
$

Accumulated 
deficit
$

Total 
capital
$

Non-
controlling
interests
$

Total 
equity
$

Balance, January 1, 2020
Net (loss) income

Other comprehensive loss
Dividends declared on common 
shares (Note 31)
Reorganization of non-
controlling interests (Note 15)
Non-controlling interests arising 
on acquisition (Note  13)
Acquisition of non-controlling 
interest (Note 15)

Recognition of redemption 
liability granted to non-
controlling interests (Note 15)
Treasury shares acquired (Note 
31)

Dividends reinvested  (Note 31)

Settlement of share-based 
awards  (Note 30)
Shares settled from treasury 
(Note 31)
Share-based compensation 
(Note 30)

  510,606 

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

(716)   
—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

(2,081)   

(3)   

—   

6,463 
— 

(947)   
—  

(4,535)   
—   

(157,264)    353,607 

14,492 

(7,455)   

(7,455)   

  368,099 
(6,623) 

832   

—   

(2,089)   

(8,102)   

—   

(10,191)   

—   

(10,191) 

— 

—   

—   

— 

—   

—   

— 

(191)   

—  

—   

—   

—  

—   

—   

—  

—   

—  

—  

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

(2,743)   

(2,743)   

—   

(2,743) 

—   

—   

—   

12,524   

12,524 

—   

1,071   

1,071 

7,973   

7,973   

(7,973)   

— 

(1,071)   

(1,071)   

—   

(1,071) 

—   

—   

—   

—   

(2,081)   

(3)   

(191)   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

(2,081) 

(3) 

(191) 

— 

—   

4,029   

—   

4,029 

(3,036)   

(12,637)   

(160,560)    341,874 

20,946 

  362,820 

306   

(306) 

—   

4,029 

9,995 

Balance, December 31, 2020   510,606 

(2,494)   

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Page 4  •  AutoCanada  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AutoCanada Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
For the Years Ended
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

Cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities
Net income (loss) for the year
Adjustments for: 

      Income taxes (Note 12)

Amortization of deferred financing costs 
Amortization of note premium
Depreciation of property and equipment (Note 20)
Depreciation of right-of-use assets (Note 25)
Amortization of terminated hedges (Note 26)
      Loss (gain) on disposal of assets, net (Note 10)

Share-based compensation - equity-settled  (Note 30)
Share-based compensation - Used Digital Retail Division (Note 30)
Loss on extinguishment of debt (Note 11)
Loan forgiveness (Note 24)
Unrealized fair value changes on interest rate swaps (Note 26)

Unrealized fair value changes on foreign exchange forward contracts (Note 26)
Unrealized fair value changes on embedded derivative (Note 11)
Revaluation of redemption liabilities (Note 15)
Loss on settlement of redemption liabilities (Note 15)
Income taxes (paid) recovered
(Recoveries) impairment of non-financial assets (Note 21)
Settlement of share based awards (Note 30)
Issuance of executive and employee advances (Note 30)
Net change in non-cash working capital (Note 36)

Investing activities
Business acquisitions, net of cash acquired (Note 13)
Purchases of property and equipment
Proceeds on sale of property and equipment
Proceeds on divestiture of dealerships

Financing activities
Proceeds from indebtedness
Repayment of indebtedness
Treasury shares settled, net (Note 31)
Settlement of share based awards (Note 30)
Forward share purchase (Note 28)
Dividends paid on common shares
Dividends paid to non-controlling interests
Acquisition of non-controlling interests without a change in control (Note 15)
Acquisition of non-controlling interests from business acquisition (Note 13)
Principal elements of lease payments 

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
Net (decrease)  increase in cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year (Note 16)
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year (Note 16)

         The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

December 
31, 2021
$

December 
31, 2020
$

167,199   

(6,623) 

54,021   
1,896   
(1,253)   
17,272   
26,420   
3,268   
387   
3,345   
224   
1,128   
(6,728)   
(8,412)   

539   
(29,306)   
14,116   
—   
(25,276)   
(39,846)   
(18,075)   
(4,570)   
(43,407)   
112,942   

(183,197)   
(34,576)   
2,399   
—   
(215,374)   

353,957   
(231,180)   
3,685   
173   
(3,631)   
—   
(79)   
—   
—   
(25,922)   
97,003   
205   
(5,224)   

107,704   
102,480   

5,418 
1,300 
— 
17,372 
24,759 
2,308 
(1,370) 
4,029 
435 
4,002 
— 
3,175 

(366) 
— 
(2,108) 
1,346 
(10,984) 
24,207 
— 
— 
70,965 
137,865 

(18,445) 
(26,344) 
8,986 
683 
(35,120) 

226,882 
(245,505) 
(1,778) 
— 
— 
(2,743) 
— 
(8,250) 
1,071 
(20,692) 
(51,015) 
419 
52,149 

55,555 
107,704 

Page 5  •  AutoCanada

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AutoCanada Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the Years Ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars except for share and per share amounts)

1 

General information

AutoCanada  Inc.  (“AutoCanada”  or  the  “Company”)  is  incorporated  in  Alberta,  Canada  with  common  shares 
listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange (“TSX”) under the symbol of “ACQ”. The business of AutoCanada, held in 
its subsidiaries, is the operation of franchised automobile dealerships and related businesses in the Provinces of 
British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, and in 
the  State  of  Illinois  in  the  United  States.  The  Company  offers  a  diversified  range  of  automotive  products  and 
services,  including  new  vehicles,  used  vehicles,  vehicle  leasing,  vehicle  parts,  vehicle  maintenance  and 
collision  repair  services,  extended  service  contracts,  vehicle  protection  products  and  other  after-market 
products. The Company also arranges financing and insurance for vehicle purchases by its customers through 
third  party  finance  and  insurance  sources.  The  address  of  its  registered  office  is  200,  15511  123  Avenue  NW, 
Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T5V 0C3.

2 

Basis of presentation

These  consolidated  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  International  Financial 
Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) and Canadian 
Generally  Accepted  Accounting  Principles  (“GAAP”)  as  set  out  in  the  CPA  Canada  Handbook  -  Accounting 
(“CPA Handbook”).

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS requires the use of certain critical 
accounting estimates. The areas where assumptions and estimates are significant to the consolidated financial 
statements are described in Note 5. 

These consolidated financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors on March 2, 2022.

3 

Significant accounting policies

The  significant  accounting  policies  used  in  the  preparation  of  these  consolidated  financial  statements  are  as 
follows:

Basis of measurement

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention, except for the 
revaluation of certain financial assets and financial liabilities to fair value, including derivative instruments and 
redemption liabilities.

Principles of consolidation

The  consolidated  financial  statements  comprise  the  financial  statements  of  AutoCanada  and  its  subsidiaries. 
Subsidiaries  are  all  entities  over  which  the  Company  has  control.  For  accounting  purposes,  control  is 
established by an investor when it is exposed to, or has rights to, variable returns from its involvement with the 
entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the entity. The Company uses judgment 
in  determining  the  entities  that  it  controls  and  therefore  consolidates.  Judgment  is  applied  in  determining 
whether  the  Company  controls  the  entities  in  which  it  does  not  have  full  ownership  rights.  Most  often, 
judgment involves reviewing contractual rights to determine if rights are participating (giving power over one 
entity)  or  protective  rights  (protecting  the  Company’s  interest  without  giving  it  power).  Subsidiaries  are  fully 
consolidated from the date control is transferred to the Company, and are no longer consolidated on the date 
control ceases.

Non-controlling interests represent equity interests in subsidiaries owned by outside parties. The share of net 
assets  of  subsidiaries  attributable  to  non-controlling  interests  is  presented  as  a  component  of  equity. 
Intercompany transactions, balances, income and expenses, and gains or losses on transactions are eliminated. 
Accounting  policies  of  subsidiaries  have  been  changed  where  necessary  to  ensure  consistency  with  the 
accounting policies adopted by the Company.

Page 6  •  AutoCanada  

Business combinations

Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting when the acquired set of 
activities and assets meet the definition of a business and control is transferred to the Company. This involves 
recognizing  identifiable  assets  (including  intangible  assets  not  previously  recognized  by  the  acquiree)  and 
liabilities  (including  contingent  liabilities)  of  acquired  businesses  at  fair  value  at  the  acquisition  date.  The 
excess of acquisition cost over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. If 
the acquisition cost is less than the fair value of the net assets acquired, the fair value of the net assets is re-
in  the  Consolidated  Statements  of 
assessed  and  any  remaining  difference 
Comprehensive Income (Loss). Transaction costs are expensed as incurred. 

is  recognized  directly 

Contingent consideration is classified as either equity or a financial liability. Any subsequent change to the fair 
value  of  contingent  consideration  is  recognized  in  the  Consolidated  Statements  of  Comprehensive  Income 
(Loss).

Non-controlling interests

Non-controlling  interests  are  measured  initially  at  their  proportionate  share  of  the  acquiree’s  or  entity's 
identifiable net assets at the date of acquisition or date the interest was granted. Certain arrangements contain 
a  vesting  component  where  the  non-controlling  interest  vests  over  a  specified  period.  Changes  in  the 
Company’s  interest  in  a  subsidiary  that  do  not  result  in  a  loss  of  control  are  accounted  for  as  equity 
transactions.

Non-controlling interests are issued in subsidiaries of the Company at their proportionate share at the date of 
issuance.  Subsequent  measurement  of  the  carrying  value  of  the  non-controlling  interests  is  the  value  at 
acquisition  plus  the  non-controlling  interest  portion  of  profit  and  loss,  as  governed  by  the  individual 
agreements.

Revenue recognition

(a) New and Used Vehicles 

The  Company  sells  new  and  used  vehicles  at  its  franchised  dealerships  and  related  businesses.  The 
transaction  price  for  a  vehicle  sale  is  determined  with  the  customer  at  the  time  of  sale.  Customers  often 
trade  in  their  own  vehicle  and  apply  the  value  against  the  purchase  price  of  a  new  or  used  vehicle.  The 
trade-in vehicle is considered non-cash consideration and is measured at fair value, based on external and 
internal market data, and applied toward the contract price for the purchased vehicle. 

When a vehicle is sold, control is transferred at a point in time upon delivery of the vehicle to the customer, 
which is generally at time of sale.  The Company does not directly finance customers’ vehicle purchases or 
leases,  however,  in  many  cases,  third  party  financing  is  arranged  for  the  sale  or  lease  of  vehicles  to  its 
customers in exchange for a fee paid to the Company by the third party financial institution. The Company 
receives payment directly from the customer at the time of sale or from the third party financial institution 
(referred to as contracts-in-transit or vehicle receivables, which are part of the Company's receivables from 
contracts with customers) within a short period of time following the sale.

(b) Parts, service and collision repair

The  Company  sells  parts  and  services  related  to  customer-paid  repairs  and  maintenance,  repairs  and 
maintenance under manufacturer warranties and extended service contracts, and collision-related repairs. 

Each automotive repair and maintenance service is a single performance obligation that includes both the 
parts  and  labour  associated  with  the  service.  Payment  for  automotive  service  work  is  typically  due  upon 
completion  of  the  service,  which  is  generally  completed  within  a  short  period  of  time  from  contract 
inception. The transaction price for automotive repair and maintenance services is based on the parts used, 
the  number  of  labour  hours  applied,  and  standardized  hourly  labour  rates.  The  Company  satisfies  its 
performance  obligations,  transfers  control,  and  recognizes  revenue  over  time  for  repair  and  maintenance 
services because it is creating an asset with no alternative use and has an enforceable right to payment for 
performance completed to date. 

The  transaction  price  for  retail  counter  parts  sales  is  determined  at  the  time  of  sale  based  on  the  quantity 
and price of each product purchased. Payment is typically due at the time of sale, or within a short period of 
time following the sale.  Control is generally considered to transfer at the point of sale or when the products 
are shipped, which typically occurs the same day as or within a few days of the sale. 

(c)  Finance and insurance commissions and fees

The  Company  arranges  financing  for  customers  through  various  financial  institutions  and  receives  a 
commission from the lender based on the difference between the interest rate charged to the customer and 
the interest rate set by the financing institution, or a flat fee.

Page 7  •  AutoCanada

The  Company  also  receives  commissions  for  facilitating  the  sale  of  third-party  insurance  products  to 
customers, including credit and life insurance policies and extended service contracts. These commissions 
are recorded as revenue at the time the customer enters into the contract and the Company is entitled to 
the  commission.  The  Company  is  not  the  obligor  under  any  of  these  contracts.  In  the  case  of  finance 
contracts, a customer may fail to pay their contract, thereby terminating the contract. Customers may also 
terminate extended service contracts, which are fully paid at purchase, and become eligible for refunds of 
unused  premiums.  In  these  circumstances,  a  portion  of  the  commissions  the  Company  receives  may  be 
charged  back  to  the  Company  based  on  the  terms  of  the  contracts.  These  chargebacks  are  a  form  of 
variable  consideration  and  the  Company  only  recognizes  commission  revenue  at  the  estimated  amount  of 
consideration to which it ultimately expects to be entitled. This estimate is based on historical chargeback 
experience  arising  from  similar  contracts,  including  the  impact  of  refinance  and  default  rates  on  retail 
finance contracts and cancellation rates on extended service contracts and other insurance products.

For the majority of finance and insurance product sales, the Company’s performance obligation is to arrange 
for  the  provision  of  goods  or  services  by  another  party.  This  performance  obligation  is  satisfied  when  the 
finance and insurance product is delivered to the end-customer, generally at the time of the vehicle sale. As 
an  agent,  revenue  is  recognized  as  the  net  amount  retained  after  paying  the  third  party  provider  for  the 
goods or services that party is responsible for fulfilling.

Finance income

Finance  income  comprises  of  finance  lease  income  and  interest  income  on  short  term  deposits.  Finance 
income is recognized in profit or loss as they accrue using the effective interest method.

Taxation

(a) Deferred tax

Deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities 
and  their  carrying  amounts  in  the  consolidated  statements  of  financial  position.  Deferred  tax  is  calculated 
using tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the reporting period, 
and  which  are  expected  to  apply  when  the  related  deferred  income  tax  asset  is  realized  or  the  deferred 
income tax liability is settled.

Deferred tax liabilities:

● are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences; and
● are not recognized on temporary differences that arise from goodwill which is not deductible for tax 

purposes.

Deferred tax assets:

● are  recognized  to  the  extent  it  is  probable  that  taxable  profits  will  be  available  against  which  the 

deductible temporary differences can be utilized; and

● are  reviewed  at  the  end  of  the  reporting  period  and  reduced  to  the  extent  that  it  is  no  longer 
probable  that  sufficient  taxable  profits  will  be  available  to  allow  all  or  part  of  the  asset  to  be 
recovered.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognized in respect of temporary differences that arise on initial 
recognition of assets and liabilities acquired other than in a business combination.

Deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities  are  not  recognized  in  respect  of  temporary  differences  between  the 
carrying  amount  and  tax  bases  of  investments  in  subsidiaries  where  the  company  is  able  to  control  the 
timing of the reversal of the temporary differences and it is probable that the differences will not reverse in 
the foreseeable future.

(b) Current tax

Current tax expense is based on the results for the period as adjusted for items that are not taxable or not 
deductible. Current tax is calculated using tax rates and laws that were enacted or substantively enacted at 
the  end  of  the  reporting  period.  Management  periodically  evaluates  positions  taken  in  tax  returns  with 
respect  to  situations  in  which  applicable  tax  regulation  is  subject  to  interpretation.  Provisions  are 
established where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.

Manufacturer incentives and other rebates

Various  incentives  from  manufacturers  are  received  based  on  achieving  certain  objectives,  such  as  specified 
sales  volume  targets.  These  incentives  are  typically  based  on  units  sold  to  retail  or  fleet  customers.  These 
manufacturer incentives are recognized as a reduction of new vehicle cost of sales when earned, generally at 
the latter of the time the related vehicles are sold or upon attainment of the particular program goals.

Page 8  •  AutoCanada  

Manufacturer  rebates  to  the  Company's  dealerships  and  assistance  for  floorplan  interest  are  reflected  as  a 
reduction in the carrying value of each vehicle purchased by the Company. These incentives are recognized as 
a reduction to the cost of sales as the related vehicles are sold.

Manufacturer  advertising  rebates  that  are  reimbursements  of  costs  associated  with  specific  advertising 
expenses  are  earned  in  accordance  with  the  respective  manufacturers’  reimbursement-based  advertising 
assistance programs, which is typically after the corresponding advertising expenses have been incurred, and 
are reflected as a reduction in advertising expense included in administrative costs as an operating expense in 
the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss).

Financial instruments

Financial  assets  and  financial  liabilities  are  recognized  on  the  Consolidated  Statements  of  Financial  Position 
when  the  Company  becomes  a  party  to  the  contractual  provisions  of  the  financial  instrument.  All  financial 
instruments are required to be measured at fair value on initial recognition. The Company’s own credit risk and 
the credit risk of the counter party are taken into consideration in determining the fair value of financial assets 
and financial liabilities.

Financial assets are recognized on the settlement date, which is the date on which the asset is delivered to or 
by the Company. Financial assets are derecognized when the rights to receive cash flows from the instruments 
have  expired  or  were  transferred  and  the  Company  has  transferred  substantially  all  risks  and  rewards  of 
ownership.

The  Company’s  financial  assets,  including  cash  and  cash  equivalents  and  trade  and  other  receivables  are 
measured  at  amortized  cost.  The  contractual  cash  flows  received  from  these  financial  assets    are  solely 
payments  of  principal  and  interest  and  are  held  within  a  business  model  whose  objective  is  to  collect 
contractual  cash  flows.  The  financial  assets  are  initially  recognized  at  fair  value  plus  transaction  costs  and 
subsequently carried at amortized cost using the effective interest method. 

The  Company’s  financial  liabilities  include  trade  and  other  payables,  revolving  floorplan  facilities,  vehicle 
repurchase  obligations,  current  and  long-term  indebtedness,  derivative  financial  instruments,  redemption 
liabilities  and  lease  liabilities.  Financial  liabilities  are  measured  at  amortized  cost  except  for  redemption 
liabilities,  non-hedge  interest  swaps,  and  contingent  consideration,  which  are  carried  at  fair  value  through 
profit  or  loss.  Transaction  costs  associated  with  the  establishment  of  indebtedness  or  amendment  of  loan 
facilities  are  recorded  against  proceeds  and  recognized  in  the  Consolidated  Statements  of  Comprehensive 
Income (Loss) over the term of the borrowings using the effective interest rate.

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash  and  cash  equivalents  include  cash  on  hand,  highly  liquid  investment  grade  short-term  investments  with 
maturities of three months or less and other liquid deposits held with financial institutions. 

Trade and other receivables

Trade  and  other  receivables  are  amounts  due  from  customers,  financial  institutions  and  suppliers  that  arise 
from  providing  services  or  sale  of  goods  in  the  ordinary  course  of  business.  Trade  and  other  receivables  are 
recognized  initially  at  fair  value  and  subsequently  measured  at  amortized  cost  using  the  effective  interest 
method. The Company applies the simplified approach to measuring expected credit losses ("ECL"), which uses 
a lifetime expected credit loss allowance for all trade receivables. The carrying amount of the asset is reduced 
through  the  use  of  an  allowance  account,  and  the  amount  of  the  loss  is  recognized  in  the  Consolidated 
Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) within operating expenses.

When a trade and other receivable is uncollectible, it is written off against the allowance account for trade and 
other  receivables.  Subsequent  recoveries  of  amounts  previously  written  off  are  credited  against  operating 
expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss).

Inventories

New, used and demonstrator vehicle inventories are recorded at the lower of cost and net realizable value, with 
cost determined on a specific item basis. Parts and accessories inventories are carried at the lower of cost and 
net realizable value. Inventories of parts and accessories are accounted for using the “weighted-average cost” 
method.

In determining net realizable value for new vehicles, the Company primarily considers the age of the vehicles 
along  with  the  timing  of  annual  and  model  changeovers.  For  used  vehicles,  the  Company  considers  recent 
market data and trends such as loss histories along with the current age of the inventory. Parts inventories are 
primarily assessed considering excess quantity and continued usefulness of the part. The risk of loss in value 
related  to  parts  inventories  is  minimized  since  excess  or  obsolete  parts  can  generally  be  returned  to  the 
manufacturer.

Page 9  •  AutoCanada

Assets held for sale

Non-current assets and associated liabilities are classified as assets held for sale when their carrying amount is 
to be recovered principally through a sale transaction, rather than continuing use, and a sale is highly probable.

Assets  designated  as  held  for  sale  are  held  at  the  lower  of  carrying  amount  at  designation  and  fair  value  less 
costs to sell.

Depreciation is not charged against property and equipment classified as held for sale.

Property and equipment

Property  and  equipment  are  stated  at  cost  less  accumulated  depreciation  and  any  accumulated  impairment 
losses.  Cost  includes  expenditure  that  is  directly  attributable  to  the  acquisition  of  the  asset.  Residual  values, 
useful lives and methods of depreciation are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at each financial year-end. 
Land  is  not  depreciated.  Other  than  as  noted  below,  depreciation  of  property  and  equipment  is  provided  for 
over the estimated useful life of the assets on a declining balance basis at the following annual rates:

Machinery and equipment

Furniture, fixtures and other

Company and lease vehicles

Computer equipment

 20 %

 20 %

 30 %

 30 %

Buildings are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the buildings ranging from 
10 to 45 years. Useful lives are determined based on independent appraisals. 

The  useful  life  of  leasehold  improvements  is  determined  to  be  the  lesser  of  the  lease  term  or  the  estimated 
useful  life  of  the  improvement.  Leasehold  improvements  are  depreciated  using  the  straight-line  method  over 
the useful life of the asset.

Depreciation of leased vehicles is based on a straight-line depreciation of the difference between the cost and 
the estimated residual value at the end of the lease over the term of the lease. Leased vehicle residual values 
are regularly reviewed to determine whether depreciation rates are reasonable.

Intangible assets and goodwill

(a) Intangible assets

Intangible  assets  consist  of  rights  under  franchise  agreements  and  certifications  with  automobile 
manufacturers (“dealer agreements”). The Company has determined that dealer agreements will continue to 
contribute to cash flows indefinitely and, therefore, have indefinite lives due to the following reasons:

●  Specific dealer agreements continue indefinitely by their terms; and
●  Specific dealer agreements and certifications have limited terms, but are routinely renewed without 

substantial cost to the Company.

Intangible  assets  are  carried  at  cost  less  accumulated  impairment  losses.  When  acquired  in  a  business 
combination,  the  cost  is  determined  in  connection  with  the  purchase  price  allocation  based  on  their 
respective  fair  values  at  the  acquisition  date.  The  fair  value  is  determined  based  on  the  the  multi-period 
excess  earnings  method,  using  the  discounted  cash  flow  model.  When  market  value  is  not  readily 
determinable, cost is determined using generally accepted valuation methods based on revenues, costs or 
other appropriate criteria.

(b) Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the consideration transferred, the amount of any non-controlling interest 
in the acquirees, and the acquisition date fair value of any previous equity interest in the acquirees over the 
fair  value  of  the  identifiable  net  assets  of  the  acquired  subsidiary  at  the  date  of  acquisition.  Goodwill  is 
carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses.

Impairment

Impairments  are  recorded  when  the  recoverable  amounts  of  assets  are  less  than  their  carrying  amounts.  The 
recoverable  amount  is  the  higher  of  an  asset’s  fair  value  less  costs  to  dispose  or  its  value  in  use.  Impairment 
losses, other than those relating to goodwill, are evaluated for potential reversals of impairment when events or 
changes in circumstances warrant such consideration.

Page 10  •  AutoCanada  

(a) Non-financial assets

The carrying values of non-financial assets with finite lives, such as property and equipment and right-of-use 
assets,  are  assessed  for  impairment  whenever  events  or  changes  in  circumstances  indicate  that  their 
carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped as 
cash generating units (CGUs), the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows.

(b) Intangible assets and goodwill

The  carrying  values  of  all  intangible  assets  with  indefinite  lives  and  goodwill  are  reviewed  for  impairment 
whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. 
Additionally, the carrying values of identifiable intangible assets with indefinite lives and goodwill are tested 
annually for impairment. Specifically:

● Our  dealer  agreements  with  indefinite  lives  are  subject  to  an  annual  impairment  assessment.  For 
purposes  of  impairment  testing,  the  fair  value  of  the  Company's  dealer  agreements  is  determined 
using a combination of a discounted cash flow approach and earnings multiple approach.

● For  the  purpose  of  impairment  testing,  goodwill  is  allocated  to  CGUs  based  on  the  level  at  which 
management  monitors  it,  which  is  not  higher  than  an  operating  segment  before  aggregation. 
Goodwill is allocated to those CGUs that are expected to benefit from the business combination in 
which the goodwill arose.

Trade and other payables

Trade and other payables are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary 
course  of  business.  Trade  and  other  payables  are  recognized  initially  at  fair  value,  subsequently  measured  at 
amortized cost, and classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year. 

Provisions represent liabilities for which the amount or timing is uncertain. Provisions are recognized when the 
Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events, it is probable that an outflow 
of resources will be required to settle the obligation, and the amount can be reliably estimated. Provisions are 
not  recognized  for  future  operating  losses.  Provisions  are  measured  at  the  present  value  of  the  expected 
expenditures to settle the obligation using a discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time 
value  of  money  and  the  risks  specific  to  the  obligation.  The  increase  in  provisions  due  to  passage  of  time  is 
recognized as interest expense.

 Leases

(a) The Company as a lessee

The Company leases various properties. Lease agreements range from 1 to 20 years but may have extension 
options as described below. Lease terms are negotiated on an individual basis and contain a wide range of 
different terms and conditions.

The  Company  recognizes  a  right-of-use  asset  and  a  corresponding  lease  liability  at  the  date  at  which  the 
leased asset is available for use by the Company. Each lease payment is allocated between the liability and 
finance cost. The finance cost is charged to profit or loss over the lease period so as to produce a constant 
periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability for each period. 

The  right-of-use  asset  is  depreciated  over  the  shorter  of  the  asset's  useful  life  and  the  lease  term  on  a 
straight-line basis.  

Assets  and  liabilities  arising  from  a  lease  are  initially  measured  on  a  present  value  basis.  Lease  liabilities 
include  the  net  present  value  of  fixed  payments  (including  in-substance  fixed  payments)  less  any  lease 
incentives receivable, variable lease payments that are based on an index or a rate, amounts expected to be 
payable by the lessee under residual value guarantees, the exercise price of a purchase option if the lessee 
is reasonably certain to exercise that option, and payments of penalties for terminating the lease if the lease 
term  reflects  the  lessee  exercising  that  option.  The  lease  payments  are  discounted  using  the  interest  rate 
implicit in the lease, if that rate can be determined, or the Company’s incremental borrowing rate. 

Right-of-use assets are measured at cost comprising the amount of the initial measurement of lease liability 
and any lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received, any 
initial direct costs, and restoration costs. 

Payments associated with short-term leases and leases of low-value assets are recognized on a straight-line  
basis as an expense in profit or loss. Short-term leases are leases with a lease term of 12 months or less. Low- 
value assets comprise IT equipment and office furniture. 

(b) The Company as a lessor

Lease obligations are classified as either operating or finance, based on the substance of the transaction at 
inception of the lease. Classification is reassessed if the terms of the lease are changed. 

Page 11  •  AutoCanada

(i) Finance leases

Leases  in  which  substantially  all  the  risks  and  rewards  of  ownership  are  transferred  are  classified  as 
finance leases.

When assets are leased out under a finance lease, the present value of the lease payments is recognized 
as  a  receivable.  The  difference  between  the  gross  receivable  and  the  present  value  of  the  receivable  is 
recognized as unearned finance income.

The method for allocating gross earnings to accounting periods is referred to as the “actuarial method”. 
The  actuarial  method  allocates  rentals  between  finance  income  and  repayment  of  capital  in  each 
accounting  period  in  such  a  way  that  finance  income  will  emerge  as  a  constant  rate  of  return  on  the 
lessor’s net investment in the lease.

(ii) Operating leases

Leases  in  which  a  significant  portion  of  the  risks  and  rewards  of  ownership  is  retained  by  the  lessor  are 
classified as operating leases.

When assets are leased out under an operating lease, the asset is included in the Consolidated Statements 
of  Financial  Position  based  on  the  nature  of  the  asset.  Lease  income  on  operating  leases  is  recognized 
over the term of the lease on a straight-line basis.

Redemption liabilities

The  potential  cash  payments  related  to  put  options  issued  by  the  Company  over  the  equity  of  subsidiary 
companies  are  accounted  for  as  financial  liabilities  when  such  options  are  to  be  settled  in  cash  or  a  variable 
number of shares. The amount that may become payable under the option on exercise is initially recognized at 
fair  value  within  redemption  liabilities  with  a  corresponding  charge  directly  to  equity  attributable  to 
AutoCanada  shareholders  or  share-based  compensation.  Subsequently,  if  the  Company  revises  its  estimates, 
the carrying amount of the redemption liability is adjusted and the adjustment will be recognized as income or 
expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss). Options that are not exercisable for 
at  least  one  year  from  the  Consolidated  Statements  of  Financial  Position  date  are  presented  as  non-current 
liabilities.

Share capital

Ordinary  shares  are  classified  as  equity.  Incremental  costs  directly  attributable  to  the  issue  of  new  ordinary 
shares or options are shown in equity as a deduction, net of tax, from the proceeds. Where any group company 
purchases the Company’s equity share capital (treasury shares), the consideration paid, including any directly 
attributable  incremental  costs  (net  of  income  taxes)  is  deducted  from  equity  attributable  to  the  Company’s 
shareholders until the shares are cancelled or reissued. Where such ordinary shares are subsequently reissued, 
any  consideration  received,  net  of  any  directly  attributable  incremental  transaction  costs  and  the  related 
income tax effects, is included in equity attributable to the Company’s shareholders.

Dividends

Dividends on common shares are recognized in the Company’s consolidated financial statements in the period 
the dividends are declared by the Company’s Board of Directors.

Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is computed based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding 
during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the treasury stock method, which assumes that 
the cash that would be received on the exercise of options is applied to purchase shares at the average price 
during the period and that the difference between the number of shares issued on the exercise of options and 
the number of shares obtainable under this computation, on a weighted average basis, is added to the number 
of shares outstanding. Antidilutive options are not considered in computing diluted earnings per share.

Share-based payments

The Company operates a number of share-based compensation plans for the benefit of certain employees and 
Company directors, as described in Note 30.

The  accounting  for  a  share-based  payment  plan  is  based  on  whether  the  arrangement  is  classified  as  equity-
settled  or  cash-settled.    Equity-settled  arrangements  are  those  in  which  the  Company  receives  services  as 
consideration  for  its  own  equity  instruments.  Cash-settled  arrangements  arise  where  the  Company  pays  the 
employee cash amounts based on the value of the Company’s shares.

Page 12  •  AutoCanada  

The  fair  value  of  equity-settled  awards  is  recognized  as  an  expense  over  the  vesting  period  with  a 
corresponding increase in equity or redemption liabilities. The total amount to be expensed is determined by 
reference to the fair value of the options at the grant date.   

Foreign currency translation

The financial results of the dealerships that operate in the United States (U.S.) are translated from the functional 
currency  (USD)  into  the  reporting  currency  (CAD)  upon  consolidation.  Assets  and  liabilities  have  been 
translated to the reporting currency (CAD) using the exchange rates in effect on the Consolidated Statements 
of  Financial  Position  dates.  Revenue  and  expense  accounts  are  translated  using  the  average  exchange  rate 
during the period. The cumulative translation adjustments associated with the net assets of foreign subsidiaries 
are  recorded  in  accumulated  other  comprehensive  income  in  the  Consolidated  Statements  of  Changes  in 
Equity.

Goodwill and fair value adjustments arising on the acquisition of foreign operations are treated as assets and 
liabilities of the foreign operation and translated at the closing rate.

Derivative financial instruments

Derivatives  are  recognized  initially  at  fair  value  on  the  date  of  contract  inception  and  are  subsequently  re-
measured to current fair value at the end of each reporting period.  The accounting for subsequent changes in 
fair value depends on whether the instrument is designated as a hedging instrument and, if so, the nature of the 
item being hedged.  The Company currently designates certain derivatives as hedges of the interest rate cash 
flow risk associated with the cash flows of variable rate loans, and does not hold any derivatives for trading or 
speculative purposes.

At  the  inception  of  the  hedge  relationship,  the  Company  documents  the  economic  relationship  between  the 
hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk management objective and strategy for undertaking 
hedge  transactions.    The  effective  portion  of  changes  in  the  fair  value  of  qualifying  hedging  derivatives  is 
recognized  as  a  reserve  within  equity.    The  gain  or  loss  relating  to  any  ineffective  portion  is  recognized 
immediately in profit or loss.  The periodic net settlement of the interest rate swap is recognized in profit or loss 
within finance costs at the same time as the interest expense on the hedged borrowings.

Upon  the  expiry,  sale,  or  termination  of  a  hedging  instrument,  any  cumulative  deferred  gain  or  loss  and 
deferred costs of hedging remain in equity until the the original hedged transactions occur.

Further information on the Company’s risk management and hedge accounting is presented in Note 26.

Certain derivative instruments do not qualify for hedge accounting. Changes in the fair value of any derivative 
instrument  that  does  not  qualify  for  hedge  accounting  are  recognized  immediately  in  profit  or  loss  and  are 
included in Revenue and Finance costs, as disclosed in Note 26.

The full fair value of a derivative instrument is classified as a non-current asset or liability when the remaining 
maturity of the hedged item is greater than one year.

Segment reporting

Operating  segments  are  components  of  an  entity  that  engage  in  business  activities  from  which  they  earn 
revenues and incur expenses, the operations for which can be clearly distinguished and for which the operating 
results are regularly reviewed by a chief operating decision maker to make resource allocation decisions and to 
assess performance. 

The Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) is identified as the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and 
will  serve  as  the  function  of  the  CODM.  The  CEO  is  responsible  for  allocating  resources  and  assessing  the 
performance of each dealership. In the absence of the CEO, the Executive Chairman will serve the function of 
the  CODM.  Supporting  the  CODM  will  be  the  President,  Canadian  Operations  and  the  President,  U.S. 
Operations, both of whom report to the CODM. As each of these individuals, with support from their respective 
management  teams,  report  to  the  CODM,  the  Company  will  report  segmented  information  by  Canadian 
Operations  and  U.S.  Operations.  Each  reportable  operating  segment  is  comprised  of  retail  automobile 
dealerships, which have been aggregated based on their economic similarities. 

The Company's CODM measures the performance of each operating segment based on operating profit, which 
is  defined  as  income  before  income  taxes,  net  finance  costs  and  other  income  (expense).  The  segmented 
information is set out in Note 37. 

Government assistance

Government  assistance  received  by  the  Company  for  the  purpose  of  subsidizing  specific  expenses  is 
recognized  in  profit  or  loss  on  a  systematic  basis  in  the  periods  in  which  the  expenses  are  recognized,  as 
further  described  in  Note  8.  Government  assistance  received  by  the  Company  in  the  form  of  a  loan  is 
recognized as indebtedness until the criteria for forgiveness are met (Note 24).

Page 13  •  AutoCanada

4 New and amended accounting standards adopted in 2021

COVID-19 Related Rent Concession beyond 30 June 2021 Amendments to IFRS 16 Leases

In  May  2020,  the  IASB  published  an  amendment  to  IFRS  16  that  provides  an  optional  practical  expedient  for 
lessees  from  assessing  whether  a  rent  a  concession  related  to  COVID-19  is  a  lease  modification.  Lessees  can 
elect to account for such rent concession in the same way as they would if they were not lease modifications. 
This  practical  expedient  is  applied  to  leases  with  similar  characteristics  and  circumstances  with  changes  in 
lease payments recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) 

The  amendment  was  intended  to  apply  until  June  30,  2021,  but  as  the  impact  of  the  COVID-19  pandemic  is 
continuing, on March 31, 2021, the IASB extended the period of application of the practical expedient to June 
30, 2022. The amendment applies to annual reporting periods beginning on or after April 1, 2021.

Leases that do not meet the criteria for the optional exemption are treated as a lease modification (Note 25).  

Interest Rate Benchmark Reform (Amendments to IFRS 9, IAS 39, IFRS 7, and IFRS 16)

For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company adopted the amendments to IFRS 9, IAS 39, IFRS 7, and 
IFRS 16 Interest Rate Benchmark Reform - Phase 2, as issued in August 2020.  In accordance with the transition 
provisions,  the  amendments  have  been  adopted  retrospectively  to  hedging  relationships  and  financial 
instruments.

Comparative  amounts  have  not  been  restated,  and  there  was  no  impact  on  the  opening  reserves  in  the 
comparative period upon adoption.

Hedge relationships

The ‘Phase 2’ amendments address issues arising during interest rate benchmark reform, including specifying 
when  the  ‘Phase  1’  amendments  will  cease  to  apply,  when  hedge  designations  and  documentation  should  be 
updated, and when hedges of the alternative benchmark rate as the hedged risk are permitted.  

The Company has adopted the following hedge accounting reliefs provided by ‘Phase 2’ of the amendments: 

●  Hedge designation: When the Phase 1 amendments cease to apply, the Company will amend its hedge 
designation to reflect changes which are required by IBOR reform, but only to make one or more of 
these changes:

•

•

•

designating an alternative benchmark rate (contractually or non-contractually specified) as a 
hedged risk;

amending  the  description  of  the  hedged  item,  including  the  description  of  the  designated 
portion of the cash flows or fair value being hedged; or

amending the description of the hedging instrument.

The Company will update its hedge documentation to reflect this change in designation by the end 
of  the  reporting  period  in  which  the  changes  are  made.  These  amendments  to  the  hedge 
documentation  do  not  require  the  Company  to  discontinue  its  hedge  relationships.  The  Company 
has not made any amendments to its hedge documentation in the reporting period relating to IBOR 
reform.

●  Amounts  accumulated  in  the  cash  flow  hedge  reserve:  When  the  Company  amends  its  hedge 
designation  as  described  above,  the  accumulated  amount  outstanding  in  the  cash  flow  hedge 
reserve is deemed to be based on the alternative benchmark rate (for example, when the Canadian 
Overnight  Repo  Rate  Average  (CORRA)  replaces  CDOR,  which  has  been  announced  but  not 
approved, as of December 31, 2021). For discontinued hedging relationships, when the interest rate 
benchmark  on  which  the  hedged  future  cash  flows  were  based  is  changed  as  required  by  IBOR 
reform, the amount accumulated in the cash flow hedge reserve is also deemed to be based on the 
alternative  benchmark  rate  for  the  purpose  of  assessing  whether  the  hedged  future  cash  flows  are 
still expected to occur.

●    Risk  components:  The  Company  is  permitted  to  designate  an  alternative  benchmark  rate  as  a  non-
contractually specified risk component, even if it is not separately identifiable at the date when it is 
designated, provided that the Company reasonably expects that it will meet the requirements within 
24  months  of  the  first  designation  and  the  risk  component  is  reliably  measurable.  The  24-month 
period  applies  separately  to  each  alternative  benchmark  rate  which  the  Company  might  designate. 
During the period, the Company has not designated any risk components of alternative benchmark 
rates in any hedge relationships during the period.

Note  26  provides  the  required  disclosures  of  the  uncertainty  arising  from  the  IBOR  reform  for  hedging 
relationships for which the Company applied the reliefs.

Page 14  •  AutoCanada  

Revolving floorplan and term facilities

‘Phase  2’  of  the  amendments  requires  that,  for  financial  instruments  measured  using  amortized  cost 
measurement,  changes  to  the  basis  for  determining  the  contractual  cash  flows  required  by  interest  rate 
benchmark  reform  are  reflected  by  adjusting  their  effective  interest  rate.  No  immediate  gain  or  loss  is 
recognized. The practical expedient is only applicable to changes that are required by interest rate benchmark 
reform,  which  is  the  case  if,  and  only  if,  the  change  is  necessary  as  a  direct  consequence  of  interest  rate 
benchmark reform and the new basis for determining the contractual cash flows is economically equivalent to 
the previous basis (that is, the basis immediately preceding the change). 

Where some or all of a change in the basis for determining the contractual cash flows of a financial liability does 
not meet the criteria above, the above practical expedient is first applied to the changes required by interest 
rate benchmark reform, including updating the instrument’s effective interest rate. Any additional changes are 
accounted  for  in  the  normal  way  (that  is,  assessed  for  modification  or  derecognition,  with  the  resulting 
modification gain/loss recognized immediately in profit or loss where the instrument is not derecognized).

Syndicate revolving floorplan and term facilities bear CDOR-based interest rates. Revolving floorplan facilities 
with Ally Financial bear interest rates based on the Ally Prime Rate. For the year ended December 31, 2021, the 
Company has not applied the practical expedients provided under ‘Phase 2’ to amendments as the applicable 
interest  rates  are  still  in  effect.  Refer  to  Note  24  for  further  detail  regarding  the  applicable  interest  rates  on 
revolving floorplan and term facilities.

5

Critical accounting estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates about the future. 
Estimates  are  continuously  evaluated  and  are  based  on  historical  experience  and  other  factors,  including 
expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.

Actual results may differ from these estimates. Critical estimates and assumptions were used to determine the 
value of the following assets and liabilities.

Intangible assets and goodwill

Intangible  assets  and  goodwill  generally  arise  from  business  combinations.  The  Company  applies  the 
acquisition  method  of  accounting  to  these  transactions,  which  involves  the  allocation  of  the  cost  of  an 
acquisition to the underlying net assets acquired based on their respective estimated fair values. As part of this 
allocation  process,  the  Company  must  identify  and  attribute  values  to  the  intangible  assets  acquired. 
Management  applies  significant  judgement  in  estimating  the  fair  value  of  the  intangible  assets.  These 
determinations involve significant estimates and assumptions regarding projected operating margins, terminal 
growth rates and discount rates. 

These estimates and assumptions determine the amount allocated to intangible assets and goodwill. If future 
events  or  results  differ  significantly  from  these  estimates  and  assumptions,  the  Company  may  record 
impairment charges in the future.  

The  Company  tests,  at  least  annually  or  more  frequently  if  events  or  changes  in  circumstances  indicate  that 
they may be impaired, in accordance with its accounting policies. The recoverable amounts of CGUs have been 
estimated based on the greater of fair value less costs to dispose and value in use calculations (Note 21).

Fair value measurement of financial instruments

When  the  fair  values  of  financial  assets  and  financial  liabilities  recorded  in  the  consolidated  statement  of 
financial  position  cannot  be  measured  based  on  quoted  prices  in  active  markets,  their  fair  value  is  measured 
using  valuation  techniques  including  the  discounted  cash  flow  (DCF)  model.  The  inputs  to  these  models  are 
taken from observable markets where possible, but where this is not feasible, a degree of judgement is required 
in  establishing  fair  values.  Judgements  include  considerations  of  inputs  such  as  liquidity  risk,  credit  risk  and 
volatility. Changes in assumptions relating to these factors could affect the reported fair value of financial on 
instruments. See Note 26 for further disclosure.

Inventories

Inventories are recorded at the lower of cost and net realizable value with cost determined on a specific item 
basis  for  new  and  used  vehicles.  In  determining  net  realizable  value  for  new  vehicles,  the  Company  primarily 
considers the age of the vehicles along with the timing of annual and model changeovers. For used vehicles, 
the Company considers recent market data and trends such as loss histories along with the current age of the 
inventory. The determination of net realizable value for inventories involves the use of estimates.

Page 15  •  AutoCanada

Redemption liabilities

Redemption liabilities arise during business combinations where non-controlling interest shareholders have the 
right to require the Company to redeem their equity interests in certain non-wholly owned subsidiaries (refer to 
Note 15). The redemption amounts are determined with reference to the future profitability generated by those 
subsidiaries  and  their  operating  businesses.  The  Company  will  initially  recognize  a  financial  liability  at  the 
present  value  of  the  estimated  redemption  amount  and,  at  the  end  of  each  subsequent  reporting  period,  the 
Company  will  revisit  its  estimates.  If  the  Company  revises  its  estimates,  the  Company  will  adjust  the  carrying 
amount of the financial liability to reflect revised estimated profitability and the adjustments will be recognized 
as income or expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss).

Leases

i. Critical judgments in determining the lease term  

Extension  and  termination  options  are  included  in  a  number  of  property  leases  held  by  the  Company.  In 
determining  the  lease  term,  management  considers  all  facts  and  circumstances  that  create  an  economic 
incentive to exercise an extension option, or not exercise a termination option. Extension options (or periods 
after  termination  options)  are  only  included  in  the  lease  term  if  the  lease  is  reasonably  certain  to  be 
extended (or not terminated). Potential future cash outflows have not been included in the lease liability if it 
is not reasonably certain that the leases will be extended. 

The  assessment  is  reviewed  if  a  significant  event  or  a  significant  change  in  circumstances  occurs  that 
affects this assessment and that is within the control of the lessee.

ii. Estimation uncertainty arising from variable lease payments

Certain leases contain variable payment terms that are linked to the consumer price index. 

Restructuring charges

The Company has assumed it will not be able to sublet or otherwise realize any economic benefit from specific  
vacated  premises.  Should  these  circumstances  change,  some  or  all  of  the  provision  pertaining  to  the 
committed premises costs could be reversed in a future period.

Deferred taxes

The  extent  to  which  deferred  tax  assets  are  recognized  is  based  on  estimates  of  future  profitability. 
Management  has  concluded  that  the  deferred  tax  assets  are  more  likely  than  not  to  be  recovered  using 
estimated  future  taxable  income,  based  on  approved  business  plans  and  budgets  for  each  segment.  The 
estimates  will  be  updated  in  future  periods,  which  may  result  in  increases  or  decreases  in  the  amount  of 
deferred tax assets recognized based on the amount judged more likely than not to be recoverable.

COVID-19 impacts

In    response    to    the    COVID-19    pandemic,    global    government    authorities    introduced    various 
recommendations  and  emergency  measures  to  limit  the  spread  of  the  pandemic,  including  non-essential 
business    closures,    quarantines,    self-isolation,    social    and    physical    distancing,    and    shelter-in-place.  
Although  certain  jurisdictions  have  been  removing  most  restrictions,  these  measures    continue  to  cause  
disruptions  to  businesses  and  capital  markets  globally,  resulting  in  an  uncertain economic environment.

Governments  have  reacted  with  significant  monetary  and  fiscal  intervention,  including  federal  stimulus 
packages such as the COVID-19 Economic Response Plan in Canada and the CARES Act in the United States. 

The Company has received funds under the Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy (CEWS) in Canada (Note 8) and 
the Small Business Association Paycheck Protection Program (SBA PPP) in the U.S. (Note 24).

Although the various recommendations and emergency measures introduced by government authorities have a 
potential  to  cause  disruption  in  the  Company's  results,  the  extent  to  which  COVID-19  will  or  may  impact  the 
Company is uncertain and these factors are beyond the Company’s control. The Company continues to monitor 
the  developments  regarding  the  COVID-19  pandemic  and  respond  accordingly,  however,  there  are  many 
developing factors such as the availability of testing and vaccines, along with emerging variants that continue 
to  make  the  potential  ongoing  impacts  unable  to  be  predicted  with  any  certainty.  Management  expects 
COVID-19 related disruptions to continue, however, believes that long-term estimates and assumptions do not 
require significant revisions for the year ended December 31, 2021. 

Page 16  •  AutoCanada  

Operations

Given  the  Company's  customer-facing  retail  operations,  the  initial  uncertainty  associated  with  the  COVID-19 
pandemic had an impact on the financial results of the Company. Regular operations have been impacted by 
mandatory  closures  in  certain  provincial  jurisdictions,  unpredictable  changes  in  customer  demand,  employee 
availability and safety for the provision of goods and services, supply chain disruptions, as well as altered credit 
and liquidity risk profiles. Management has incorporated the impact of these factors in its assessment of  trade 
and other receivables (Note 17) and impairment of non-financial assets (Note 21).

Impairment

The  impacts  of  COVID-19  were  incorporated  into  the  annual  impairment  assessment  performed  as  at 
December  31,  2021.  The  recoverable  amount  of  the  Company's  CGUs  was  compared  against  the  carrying 
values, based on updated cash flow projections reflecting management's best estimates in light of current and 
anticipated  market    conditions.    These    projections    are    inherently    uncertain    due    to    the    indeterminable  
future  impacts  of COVID-19. Refer to Note 21 for the results of the impairment assessment. 

6   Revenue

New vehicles
Used vehicles
Parts, service and collision repair
Finance, insurance and other

7  Cost of sales

New vehicles
Used vehicles
Parts, service and collision repair
Finance, insurance and other

8  Operating expenses

Employee costs (Note 9)
Government assistance  1, 2
Administrative costs 3
Facility lease costs
Depreciation of right-of-use assets (Note 25)
Depreciation of property and equipment (Note 20)

2021
$

2020
$
1,733,891 
1,010,881 
409,971 
174,751 
  4,653,415    3,329,494 

1,963,881   
1,937,541   
484,639   
267,354   

2021
$

1,787,466   
1,796,279   
217,985   
17,502   
3,819,232   

2020
$
1,625,561 
946,878 
197,001 
12,728 
2,782,168 

2021
$

389,145   
(11,769)   
190,730   
811   
26,420   
17,272   
612,609   

2020
$
292,404 
(35,464) 
160,586 
2,006 
24,759 
17,372 
461,663 

1 Government  assistance  represents  the  Company's  eligible  claim  of  $4,388  (2020  -  $35,264)  for  the  Canada  Emergency 
Wage  Subsidy  (CEWS)  and  $653  (2020  -  $200)  claim  for  the  Canada  Emergency  Rent  Subsidy  (CERS)  for  the year  ended 
December 31, 2021, with $299 (2020 - $3,794) included in trade and other receivables. There are no unfulfilled conditions or 
other contingencies attached to the subsidy recognized.

2 During the year ended December 31, 2021, $6,728 (2020 - nil) of the loans from the Small Business Association Paycheck 
Protection Program (Note 24) were forgiven and included above as an offset to Operating expenses. There are no unfulfilled 
conditions or other contingencies attached to the forgiven loans.

3 Administrative  costs  include  professional  fees,  consulting  services,  technology-related  expenses,  marketing,  expected 

credit losses, and other general and administrative costs.

Page 17  •  AutoCanada

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
9 

Employee costs

Operating expenses incurred in respect of employees were as follows:

Wages, salaries and commissions
Withholding taxes and insurance
Employee benefits
Share-based compensation (Note 30)
Other benefits

10  Lease and other income and (loss) gain on disposal of assets, net

Lease and other income, net

Lease and rental income

Other income

(Loss) gain on disposal of assets, net

Gain on dealership divestiture (Note 14)

   Loss on lease terminations, net (Note 25)

Disposals of property and equipment, net

11  Finance costs and finance income 

Finance costs:

Interest on long-term indebtedness
Interest on lease liabilities (Note 25)
Loss on extinguishment of debt (Note 24)

Unrealized fair value changes on interest rate swaps (Note 26)

Amortization of terminated hedges (Note 26)

Unrealized fair value changes on embedded derivative (Note 24)

Floorplan financing

Interest rate swap settlements (Note 26)

Other finance costs

Finance income:

Interest on net investment in lease (Note 25)
Short-term bank deposits

2021
$

344,819   
19,839   
18,934   
3,569   
1,984   
389,145   

2020
$
251,665 
14,908 
16,689 
4,464 
4,678 
292,404 

2021
$

6,416   

2,619   

9,035   

—   

(427)   

40   

(387)   

2020
$

6,491 

895 

7,386 

135 

— 

1,235 

1,370 

2021
$

2020
$

21,900   

23,062   
1,128   

(8,412)   

3,268   

(29,306)   

11,640   

11,910   

7,023   

4,616   

16,200 

22,189 
4,002 

3,175 

2,308 

— 

47,874 

17,586 

3,208 

3,837 

35,189   

72,505 

16   

794   

810   

— 

808 

808 

Cash  interest  paid  during  the  year  ended  December  31,  2021  is  $63,625  (2020  -  $56,153),  which  includes 
$23,062 (2020 - $22,189) of cash interest paid related to interest on lease liabilities. 

Page 18  •  AutoCanada  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
12  Taxation

Reconciliation of effective income tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2021 is as follows:

Net income (loss) for the year before tax

Net income (loss) for the year before tax multiplied by the blended rate of Canadian 
corporate tax of  25.4% (2020 - 25.8%)
Effects of:

Tax losses and deductible temporary differences not recognized

Adjustment in respect of prior years

Impact of non-deductible and other permanent items

Impact of (recovery)/impairment of non-financial assets

Impact of change in substantively enacted rates
Foreign and other statutory income tax rate differentials

Other, net
Income tax expense

Effective income tax rate

Segmented components of income tax:

Canada
U.S.
Current income tax expense

Canada
U.S.
Deferred income tax expense (recovery)
Total income tax expense

Components of deferred income tax: 

Deferred tax asset
Deferred tax liability
Net deferred tax (liability) asset

2021
$

221,220

2020
$

(1,205)

56,190

(311)

(3,985)

2,335

1,782

(3,310)

143

722

144

2,225

(72)

1,384

930

706

568

(12)

54,021

 24.4 %

5,418

 (449.6) %

2021
$

24,451   
319   
24,770   

29,251   
—   
29,251   
54,021   

2020
$
20,783 
(125) 
20,658 

(15,240) 
— 
(15,240) 
5,418 

2021
$

40,881   
(53,814)   
(12,933)   

2020
$
29,713 
(19,632) 
10,081 

In the comparative period the Canadian deferred tax balances were presented as a net deferred tax liability on 
the consolidated statement of financial position. As there is no right of offset at the balance sheet date, these 
balances have been presented on a gross basis in the current and prior year.

Page 19  •  AutoCanada

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The movements of deferred tax assets and liabilities are shown below:

Deferred 
income from 
partnerships
$

Property 
and 
equipment
$

Goodwill 
and 
intangible 
assets
 $

Right-of-
use assets 
net of lease 
liabilities
$

Derivative 
financial 
instruments
$

Non-
capital 
losses
$

(3,791)   

2,330   

(23,223)   

8,804   

1,650    6,543   

Share- 
based 
payments
$
—    415   

Other
$

Total
$
(7,272) 

Deferred tax assets 
(liabilities)
January 1, 2020  
(Expense) benefit 
charged to income 
taxes
Amounts charged 
to other 
comprehensive 
income
Acquisition of 
subsidiaries  (Note 
13)

Other

December 31, 
2020
(Expense) benefit 
charged to income 
taxes

Amounts charged 
to other 
comprehensive 
income
Amounts charged 
to contributed 
surplus
Acquisition of 
subsidiaries (Note 
13)
Other

December 31, 
2021

1,112   

(464)   

4,633   

1,170   

—    4,227   

—   4,562    15,240 

—   

—   

—   

—   

2,836   

—   

—    —    2,836 

—   

—   

(87)   

—   

(357)   

(291)   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—    —   

(444) 

—   

12   

(279) 

(2,679)   

1,779   

(19,238)   

9,974   

4,486   10,770   

—   4,989    10,081 

(11,743)   

(1,073)   

(8,922)   

913   

(8,565)   6,040   

(4,547)   (1,354)    (29,251) 

—   

—   

—   

—   

(2,392)   

—   

—    —   

(2,392) 

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

9,084    —    9,084 

—   

—   

(38)   

—   

(369)   

(48)   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—    —   

(407) 

—    —   

(48) 

(14,422)   

668   

(28,577)   

10,887   

(6,471)   16,810   

4,537   3,635    (12,933) 

Changes  in  the  deferred  income  tax  components  are  adjusted  through  deferred  tax  expense.  Of  the  above 
components of the deferred income tax (liability) asset, ($14,422) (2020 - $(2,679)) is expected to be recovered 
within 12 months. 

The  recognized  and  unrecognized  deductible  temporary  differences  relating  to  the  U.S.  Operations  are  as 
follows:

Total U.S. deductible temporary differences
Less: 
U.S. unrecognized deductible temporary differences, other than tax losses
U.S. unrecognized tax losses
Total unrecognized deductible temporary differences

Total recognized deductible  temporary differences relating to the U.S Operations  
Recognized deferred tax asset

2021
$

140,159   

2020
$
155,426 

(46,764)   
(45,608)   
(92,372)   

47,787   
12,678   

(53,350) 
(54,085) 
(107,435) 

47,991 
12,732 

As  at  December  31,  2021,  the  Company  has  recognized  the  benefit  of  $47,787  (2020  -  $47,991)  of  the 
deductible  temporary  differences,  relating  to  the  U.S.  Operations,  as  a  deferred  tax  asset.  The  Company  has 
concluded  that  the  recognized  deferred  tax  assets  are  more  likely  than  not  to  be  recovered  using  estimated 
future taxable income, based on approved business plans and budgets for the segment. This estimate will be 
updated  in  future  periods,  which  may  result  in  increases  or  decreases  in  the  amount  of  deferred  tax  assets 
recognized based on the amount judged more likely than not to be recoverable.

Page 20  •  AutoCanada  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The  Company's  U.S.  Operations  have  federal  and  state  net  operating  losses  of  $45,608  and  $41,610, 
respectively  (2020    -  $54,085  and  $52,886).  The  federal  losses  can  be  carried  forward  indefinitely,  while  the 
state losses expire, between 2030 and 2032.  

The  Company  also  has  Canadian  non-capital  losses  of  $72,295  (2020  -  $45,372)  available  to  reduce  future 
taxable income, until their expiry between 2032 and 2041.  

 13 Business acquisitions 

During  the  year  ended  December  31,  2021,  the  Company  completed  the  following  business  acquisitions  that 
have been accounted for using the acquisition method. 

PG Klassic AutoBody

On  April  1,  2021,  the  Company  acquired  100%  of  the  shares  in  PG  Klassic  AutoBody  ("PG  Klassic"),  a  collision 
repair facility in Prince George, British Columbia. 

Autolux MB Collision

On September 9, 2021, the Company acquired 100% of the shares in Autolux MB Collision ("Autolux"), a luxury-
brand focused collision repair facility in Montreal, Quebec. 

The  acquisitions  of  PG  Klassic  and  Autolux  support  management's  strategic  objective  of  expanding  the 
Company's collision centre capacity. 

Mark Wilson's Better Used Cars

On  August  9,  2021,  the  Company  acquired  100%  of  the  shares  in  Mark  Wilson's  Better  Used  Cars  ("Mark 
Wilson's"),  an  independent  used  vehicle  dealership  in  Guelph,  Ontario.  The  acquisition  forms  part  of 
management's  strategic  objective  of  developing  a  Used  Digital  Retail  Division  in  the  Canadian  pre-owned 
vehicle market. The Company entered into a lease arrangement for the dealership facility with the former owner 
of  Mark  Wilson's.  The  lease  arrangement  contains  a  contingent  consideration  arrangement  that  requires  the 
former owner of Mark Wilson's to pay the Company $2,000 if a certain performance target is not met for the 
three year's ending July 31, 2024. The estimated fair value of the contingent consideration arrangement is $nil 
as at the acquisition date and as at the year end December 31, 2021.

Airdrie Autobody Ltd. 

On October 1, 2021, the Company acquired 100% of the shares in Airdrie Autobody Ltd. (“Airdrie Autobody”), a 
collision  repair  facility  in  Airdrie,  Alberta.  The  acquisition  supports  management’s  strategic  objectives  of 
expanding  the  Company’s  collision  centre  capacity,  and  also  allows  the  Company  to  leverage  existing 
dealerships in Alberta.

Crystal Lake Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (CDJR) Inc.

On November 4, 2021, the Company acquired certain franchise rights, inventories and assets to be used in the 
operations of Crystal Lake Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (CDJR) Inc. ("Crystal Lake"), a new and used motor vehicle 
dealership  in  Crystal  Lake,  Illinois.  The  acquisition  supports  management's  strategic  objectives  of  further 
establishing the Company's presence in the Greater Chicago area.

Autopoint Group

On December 1, 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of substantially all of the assets of  the Autopoint 
Group.  The  completed  acquisition  provides  geographic  diversification  by  more  than  doubling  AutoCanada's 
Ontario  footprint.  Moreover,  the  acquisition  provides  brand  diversification  by  adding  three  new  brands  to 
AutoCanada's Canadian platform.

Page 21  •  AutoCanada

Summary of acquisitions

The  estimated  provisional  purchase  price  allocations,  which  are  subject  to  the  finalization  of  the  valuation  of 
the  acquired  assets  and  assumed  liabilities,  of  business  acquisitions  completed  during  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2021 described above are summarized as follows:

Autopoint Group
$

Other Acquisitions 1
$

Total Acquisitions
$

Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents
Trade and other receivables
Current tax receivable
Inventories 
Other current assets

Property and equipment
Right-of-use assets
Intangible assets 2
Deferred income tax asset

Total assets
Current liabilities
Trade and other payables
Revolving floorplan facilities
Lease liabilities
Other liabilities

Long-term indebtedness
Lease liabilities
Deferred income tax
Total liabilities
Net identifiable assets acquired
Goodwill
Total net assets acquired
Total purchase consideration

—   
130   
—   
23,996   
154   
24,280   
10,203   
56,354   
88,215   
—   
179,052   

729   
—   
1,057   
—   
1,786   
—   
55,297   
—   
57,083   
121,969   
10,435   
132,404   
132,404   

4,574   
4,749   
1,403   
20,151   
71   
30,948   
8,751   
25,185   
20,150   
83   
85,117   

2,347   
15,528   
590   
754   
19,219   
264   
24,595   
490   
44,568   
40,549   
14,818   
55,367   
55,367   

4,574 
4,879 
1,403 
44,147 
225 
55,228 
18,954 
81,539 
108,365 

83 
264,169 

3,076 
15,528 
1,647 
754 
21,005 
264 
79,892 
490 
101,651 
162,518 
25,253 
187,771 
187,771 

1  Other acquisitions includes franchised and used dealerships, and collision centres
2  Intangible assets relate to indefinite-life franchise rights associated with the respective dealerships

The net assets recognized in the December 31, 2021 financial statements were based on provisional balances as 
the final balances go through a review between the Company and the respective sellers which will impact the 
final purchase price.

The  Right-of-use  assets  acquired  as  part  of  the  Autopoint  Group  acquisition  were  based  on  a  provisional 
assessment  that  the  leases  are  at  fair  market  value  while  the  Company  sought  an  independent  appraiser  to 
assess  the  lease  rates.  The  appraisal  had  not  been  completed  by  the  date  the  financial  statements  were 
approved for issue by the Board of Directors.

The  goodwill  is  attributable  to  the  workforce,  synergies  from  combining  operations  of  the  acquirees  and 
profitability of the acquired businesses. Goodwill of $11,026 is deductible for tax purposes. 

The  results  of  operations  of  the  acquired  entities  are  included  in  the  Company's  Consolidated  Statements  of 
Financial Position and Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity from the date of acquisition. Such results 
of operations and the related assets and liabilities at the statement of financial position date are included in the 
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. 

The  results  of  operations  of  the  acquired  entities  since the  acquisition  dates  contributed  $85,328  of  revenue 
and $2,443 of net income to the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the year ended 
December 31, 2021. Had the acquisitions occurred at January 1, 2021, consolidated pro-forma revenue and net 
income for the year ended December 31, 2021 would have been $5,161,190 and $174,833, respectively. 

Page 22  •  AutoCanada  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
These amounts have been calculated using the subsidiary's results and adjusting them for:

●  Income tax expense (recovery)
●  Interest on long-term indebtedness
●  leasing arrangements as if they had been entered into on January 1, 2021

Transaction costs of $1,443 have been expensed and recorded in operating expenses.

Prior year business acquisitions 

For the year ended December 31, 2021, the provisional amounts previously disclosed were finalized as follows:

●  Cash consideration decreased by $200
●  Trade and other receivables decreased by $9
●  Inventory decreased by $68
●  Property, plant, and equipment decreased by $64
●  Goodwill increased by $4
●  Trade and other payables increased by $43
●  Bank indebtedness increased by $78
●  Non-Controlling interest decreased by $60

Contingent consideration of $500 was earned and payable at December 31, 2021.

Management  deemed  these  adjustments  as  immaterial  and  have  adjusted  them  prospectively  in  the  2021 
financial statements.

Acquisitions in 2020 prior to adjustments of provisional amounts

During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company completed three business acquisitions that have been 
accounted for using the acquisition method. 

Auto Bugatti Inc. 

On  October  6,  2020,  the  Company  acquired  75%  of  the  voting  shares  of  Auto  Bugatti  Inc.,  a  collision  repair 
facility  specializing  in  luxury  vehicles  in  Montreal,  Quebec.  The  acquisition  supports  management's  strategic 
objectives  of  expanding  the  Company's  collision  centre  capacity,  and  also  allows  the  Company  to  leverage 
existing dealerships in Quebec. 

Autohaus of Peoria

On October 29, 2020, the Company acquired substantially all of the net assets of Autohaus of Peoria, a luxury 
dealership  representing  four  franchises  based  in  Illinois,  USA.  This  was  a  strategic  transaction  which  further 
bolstered the Company’s presence in southern Illinois and is highly complementary to its existing operations in 
Bloomington,  IL  as  both  dealers  are  in  close  proximity  of  each  other  and  serve  similar  luxury-brand 
communities.

Haldimand Motors Ltd.

On December 1, 2020, the Company completed the acquisition of all issued capital of Haldimand Motors Ltd. 
("Haldimand"),  a  used  car  dealership  in  Cayuga,  Ontario.  The  acquisition  forms  a  part  of  management's 
strategic objective of developing a Used Digital Retail Division in the Canadian pre-owned vehicle market.

Used Digital Retail Division

On December 1, 2020, as a part of the development of the used digital retail strategy, AutoCanada UD LP ("the 
Partnership") was formed to hold the interest in Haldimand, as well as future dealerships that will be acquired as 
a  part  of  the  strategy.  A  wholly  owned  subsidiary  of  the  Company  is  the  general  partner  ("GP")  of  the 
Partnership while different classes of common units are issued to various stakeholders in the Partnership. The 
subsidiary  also  holds  a  preferred  interest  in  the  Partnership  that  is  repaid  over  a  ten-year  period  from 
contribution  date,  with  a  rate  of  return  that  reflects  the  Company's  consolidated  borrowing  rate.  Any 
distributions to other shareholders are subordinate to the preferred interest repayment.

Dealership  management  and  the  Executive  Chairman  hold  common  interests  in  the  Partnership,  which  are 
subordinate  to  the  GP  and  the  preferred  interest  held  by  the  Company.  The  Partnership  agreement  includes 
various put and call options, which are based on prescribed valuation of the Partnership at the date of exercise 
(Note 15).

Page 23  •  AutoCanada

A  portion  of  the  Partnership  common  interests  is  allocated  to  a  pool  for  issuance  to  dealership  management 
("the  Vendor  Pool"),  the  aggregate  of  which  cannot  exceed  14%  of  total  Partnership  interests.  Dealership 
management is granted an interest under an equity issuance plan (the “Digital Plan”), which vests based on the 
achievement  of  certain  service  conditions,  which  also  form  the  vesting  conditions  of  a  share-based  payment 
arrangement  (Note  30).  The  put  and  call  options  associated  with  the  common  interests  granted  can  only  be 
exercised  during  certain  periods  in  2024  and  2026,  respectively.  For  the  year  ended December  31,  2021,  the 
vested Vendor Pool interests were nominal.

The  related  party  interest  represent  a  15%  interest  in  the  Partnership  granted  to  an  entity  controlled  by  the 
Executive Chairman (Note 35) and contains a share-based payment arrangement that vested immediately when 
granted on December 1, 2020. The expense associated with this arrangement was recorded in the Consolidated 
Statements  of  Comprehensive  Income  (Loss)  (Note  30).  The  put  option  can  only  be  exercised  after  the  tenth 
anniversary of the grant date and does not contain a limitation on exercise period thereafter (Note 15).

Concurrent with the formation of the Partnership, a wholly owned special purpose entity ("SPE") was formed for 
the purpose of issuing stock options to employees or service providers of the Partnership (the "Digital Option 
Plan").  The  portion  of  the  common  interests  allocated  to  the  pool  for  option  issuances  (the  "Option  Pool") 
cannot exceed 10% of total Partnership interests. The options represent a right to purchase non-voting shares in 
the  SPE,  which  represent  an  accretive  interest  in  the  Partnership.  For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2021,  no 
options were issued under the Digital Option Plan.

Summary of acquisitions

The aggregate purchase consideration of the above noted acquisitions are as follows:

Cash 1 
Contingent consideration
Total purchase consideration

Total
$
21,765 
500 
22,265 

1  Net cash paid during the year ended December 31, 2020 is $18,445.

In  the  event  that  certain  post-close  milestones  related  to  supplier  programs,  software  implementation,  and 
staffing levels are achieved, additional consideration of up to $500 may be payable in cash by December 31, 
2021. 

Page 24  •  AutoCanada  

 
 
 
The  business  acquisitions  completed  during  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020  described  above  are 
summarized as follows:

Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents
Trade and other receivables
Inventories 
Other current assets

Property and equipment
Right-of-use assets
Intangible assets
Other long-term assets

Total assets
Current liabilities
Indebtedness
Trade and other payables
Revolving floorplan facilities
Other liabilities

Long-term indebtedness
Lease liabilities
Deferred income tax
Total liabilities
Net identifiable assets acquired

     Less: Non-controlling interests (Note 15) 1 

Goodwill
Total net assets acquired
Total consideration

Total
$

370 
518 
21,310 
82 
22,280 
3,262 
19,316 
4,626 
8 
49,492 

28 
1,489 
11,052 
246 
12,815 
42 
19,316 
444 
32,617 
16,875 
(1,071) 
6,461 
22,265 
22,265 

1  Non-controlling interest represents the interest in net assets not acquired by the Company, measured at fair 

value at the acquisition date. 

The  goodwill  is  attributable  to  the  workforce,  synergies  from  combining  operations  of  the  acquirees  and 
profitability of the acquired businesses. Goodwill of $2,426 is deductible for tax purposes. 

The  results  of  operations  of  the  acquired  entities  are  included  in  the  Company's  Consolidated  Statements  of 
Financial Position and Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity from the date of acquisition. Such results 
of operations and the related assets and liabilities at the statement of financial position date are included in the 
Consolidated  Statements  of  Financial  Position.  The  results  of  operations  of  the  acquired  entities  since 
acquisition  date  are  nominal  to  the  Consolidated  Statements  of  Comprehensive  Income  (Loss)  for  the  year 
ended  December  31,  2020.  Had  the  acquisitions  occurred  at  January  1,  2020,  the  combined  entity  of  the 
Company  and  the  acquired  entities  would  have  had  a  nominal  impact  on  the  consolidated  results  currently 
presented.

All transaction costs have been expensed and recorded in operating expenses.

Page 25  •  AutoCanada

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
14 Dealership divestitures 

There were no dealership divestitures for the year ended December 31, 2021. 

On July 31, 2020, the Company sold substantially all of the operating assets of 417 Infiniti, located in Ottawa, 
Ontario,  for  cash  consideration.  Net  proceeds  of  $683  resulted  in  a  gain  on  divestiture  of  $135,  included  in 
(Loss) gain on disposal of assets, net (Note 10) in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) 
for the year ended December 31, 2020, as summarized below.

Inventories

Revolving floorplan facilities

Net assets disposed

Net proceeds on divestiture

Net gain on divestiture

15 Interest in subsidiaries 

$

2,752 

(2,204) 

548 

683 

135 

Certain subsidiaries of the Company have non-controlling interests ("NCI") held by other parties. The interests 
in these subsidiaries are summarized as follows:

Subsidiary
GI G Auto HoldCo Inc. 
WBG Auto HoldCo Ltd.
NBFG Holdings Inc. 
2282239 Alberta Ltd. 
2282237 Alberta Ltd. 
LMB Automobile Inc.
Canbec Automobile Inc. 
156023 Canada Inc.
Auto Bugatti Inc.
Ericksen M-B Ltd.

Principal place 
of business
British Columbia
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan
Quebec
Quebec
Quebec
Quebec
Alberta

Proportion of 
ownership 
interests held 
by non-
controlling 
interests
 10 %
 10 %
 5 %
 10 %
 10 %
 15 %
 15 %
 5 %
 25 %
 10 %

Proportion 
of voting 
rights held 
by non-
controlling 
interests

 10 %  
 10 %  
 5 %  
 10 %  
 10 %  
 15 %  
 15 %  
 5 %  
 25 %  
 10 %

Dividends 
paid to non-
controlling 
interests
2021
$
—   
—   
—   
7   
16   
—   
45   
—   
—   
11  

Dividends 
paid to non-
controlling 
interests
2020
$
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

79  

— 

The  subsidiaries  are  companies  that  own  automotive  dealerships  and  related  businesses.  For  purposes  of 
disclosure,  the  non-controlling  interest  profit  and  loss,  and  accumulated  non-controlling  interest  of  the 
subsidiaries at the end of the reporting period are reported in aggregate as the subsidiaries are similar in nature 
and risk, based on assessment of the interest and industry classification.

The  Company  provides  long-term  loans  to  specific  NCI  parties  and  these  are  presented  as  other  assets  (Note 
22). 

Transactions with non-controlling interests

During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company reorganized capital in certain subsidiaries to bring in 
new non-controlling parties. The change in ownership did not result in a change of control. Equity attributable 
to AutoCanada shareholders was reduced by $538 as a result of the reorganization of non-controlling interests. 
The  transactions  resulted  in  new  loans  of  $1,674  being  issued  to  some  of  these  parties  to  purchase  a  non-
controlling interest in the subsidiaries for $2,139 (2020 - $12,524). These loans are recorded in Other long-term 
assets on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. 

Used Digital Retail Division

A wholly owned subsidiary of the Company is the general partner of AutoCanada UD LP, a limited partnership 
("the Partnership") that holds the interest in the dealerships acquired as a part of the digital retail strategy (Note 
13). The non-controlling unitholders hold put options where they can sell their shares back to the Partnership. 

Page 26  •  AutoCanada  

 
 
 
 
 
These put options are recognized as redemption liabilities, measured at fair value at each reporting date, with 
subsequent changes recognized on the  Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss). 

The  fair  value  of  the  put  options  and  associated  redemption  liabilities  has  been  determined  as  $659  (2020  - 
$435) as at December 31, 2021, as a result of the preferred interest rights in the Partnership and the limited time 
of operation. 

Redemption liabilities

Canbec Automobile Inc., LMB Automobile Inc., 156023 Canada Inc., and Auto Bugatti Inc. arrangements contain 
put options, whereby the non-controlling shareholders are able to sell their shares back to the Company. These 
put  options  are  recognized  as  redemption  liabilities,  measured  at  their  fair  value  on  the  Consolidated 
Statements  of  Financial  Position.  The  fair  value  is  determined  based  on  the  equity  value  of  the  related 
subsidiary  (Note  34).  Those  options  eligible  to  be  executed  in  the  next  fiscal  year  are  presented  as  current 
liabilities.

The continuity of the redemption liabilities is summarized as follows:

Beginning of period

Additions in the year (Note 30)

Derecognition on settlement

Recognition on acquisition (Note 13)
Loss on settlement 1
Adjustment to fair value 1

End of period

Current redemption liabilities

Long-term redemption liabilities

December 31, 
2021
$

December 31, 
2020
$

7,992 

224   

—   

—   

—   

14,116   

22,332 

21,673   

659  

15,498 

435 

(8,250) 

1,071 

1,346 

(2,108) 

7,992 

7,557 

435 

1  Net amount of $14,116 (2020 - ($762)) presented on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

16  Cash and cash equivalents

Cash at bank and on hand
Short-term deposits

December 31, 
2021
$

102,467   
13   
102,480   

December 31, 
2020
$
107,704 
— 
107,704 

Short-term deposits include cash held with a national Canadian financial institution. The Company's revolving 
floorplan facility agreements allow the Company to hold excess cash in accounts with the financial institution, 
which is used to offset its finance costs on revolving floorplan facilities. The Company has immediate access to 
this cash unless it is in default of its facilities, in which case the cash may be used by the financial institution in 
repayment  of  its  facilities.  Refer  to  Note  33  for  further  detail  regarding  cash  balances  held  with  the  financial 
institution. 

Page 27  •  AutoCanada

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
17  Trade and other receivables

Trade receivables
Other receivables

Less: Expected loss allowance (Note 33)

December 31, 
2021
$

104,759   
30,632   
135,391   
(2,478)   
132,913   

December 31, 
2020
$
109,405 
11,235 
120,640 
(1,990) 
118,650 

The Company is exposed to normal credit risk with respect to its accounts receivable and maintains provisions 
for expected credit losses. Potential for such losses is mitigated because there is no significant exposure to any 
single customer and because customer creditworthiness is evaluated before credit is extended.

18 

Inventories

New vehicles
Demonstrator vehicles
Used vehicles
Parts and accessories

December 31, 
2021
$

222,272   
34,282   
441,730   
39,015   
737,299   

December 31, 
2020
$
412,970 
36,911 
218,812 
30,507 
699,200 

Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss): 

Inventory expensed as cost of sales
Writedowns on vehicles included in cost of sales
Demonstrator expenses included in administrative costs

19  Assets  and liabilities held for sale

Land and buildings

December 31, 
2021
$

3,724,309   
9,851   
7,907   

December 31, 
2020
$
2,685,420 
28,711 
8,092 

During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company disposed of one property that was previously held for 
sale for proceeds of $1,039, with no gain or loss on the transaction. No assets remain as held for sale.

During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company had the following transactions: 

●  During the three-month period ended March 31, 2020, the Company disposed of one property that 
was held for sale as at December 31, 2019, for the proceeds of $1,102, which resulted in a gain of $33.

●  During the three-month period ended June 30, 2020, the carrying amount of the land and buildings 
reclassified  to  held  for  sale  exceeded  the  fair  value  less  costs  to  sell.  As  a  result,  the  Company 
recorded  an  impairment  charge  of  $619  related  to  two  properties  in  the  Canadian  Operations 
segment. 

●  During the three-month period ended September 30, 2020, the Company disposed of two properties  
previously held for sale as at December 31, 2019, for net proceeds of $7,831, which resulted in a gain 
of $1,940.

Page 28  •  AutoCanada  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
20  Property and equipment

Cost:
January 1, 2020
Capital expenditures
Business combinations (Note 
13)
Acquisition of real estate
Disposals
Transfer from assets held for 
sale
Asset class reclassifications
Transfers to inventory, net
Foreign currency translation
December 31, 2020
Capital expenditures
Business combinations (Note 
13)

Acquisition of real estate
Disposals
Transfers from inventory, net
Foreign currency translation
December 31, 2021

Accumulated depreciation:
January 1, 2020
Depreciation
Disposals
Asset class reclassifications
Transfers in from inventory, net

Foreign exchange
December 31, 2020
Depreciation
Disposals
Transfers to inventory, net
Foreign exchange
December 31, 2021

Carrying amount:
December 31, 2020
December 31, 2021

Company 
& lease 
vehicles
$

Leasehold 
improvements
$

Machinery & 
equipment
$

Land & 
buildings1
$

Furniture, 
fixtures & 
other
$

Computer 
equipment
$

Total
$

33,820   
—   

53,637   
6,648   

35,735   
2,465   

130,589   
—   

18,985   
1,242   

14,845    287,611 
12,452 
2,097   

1,258   
—   
(371)   

—   
—   
(6,353)   
(95)   
28,259   
—   

2,174   
—   
—   
6,576   
(21)   

554   
—   
(2,220)   

—   
286   
—   
(41)   
58,864   
8,030   

3,954   
—   
(145)   
—   
(9)   

1,417   
—   
(8,784)   

—   
—   
—   
(79)   
30,754   
3,705   

11   
8,514   
(33)   

5,432   
(286)   
—   
—   
144,227   
—   

2,958   

8,123   
—    20,990   
(11,988)   
—   
111   

(310)   
—   
(8)   

2   
—   
(5,198)   

—   
—   
—   
(40)   
14,991   
987   

1,203   
—   
(103)   
—   
(8)   

  36,988 

70,694 

37,099 

  161,463 

  17,070 

(6,754)   
(3,483)   
243   
—   
4,056   

20   
(5,918)   
(3,925)   
—   
2,858   
—   
(6,985)   

(16,768)   
(2,824)   
1,760   
(146)   
—   

9   
(17,969)   
(2,945)   
888   
—   
—   
(20,026)   

(21,287)   
(3,074)   
7,441   
—   
—   

(24,732)   
(4,417)   
—   
146   
—   

53   
(16,867)   
(3,163)   
220   
—   
—   

—   
(29,003)   
(3,934)   
9,592   
—   
—   
(19,810)    (23,345)   

(10,905)   
(1,678)   
4,365   
—   
—   

27   
(8,191)   
(1,459)   
94   
—   
1   
(9,555)   

20    3,262 
8,514 
—   
(6,711)    (23,317) 

—    5,432 
— 
—   
(6,353) 
—   
(276) 
(21)   
10,230   287,325 
14,181 

1,459   

542    18,954 
—    20,990 
(203)    (12,749) 
—    6,576 
61 
(4)   
 335,338 

12,024 

(9,755)    (90,201) 
(1,896)    (17,372) 
5,781    19,590 
—   
— 
—    4,056 

18   

127 
(5,852)   (83,800) 
(1,846)    (17,272) 
189    10,983 
2,858 
2 
(7,508)   (87,229) 

—   
1   

22,341 
  30,003 

40,895 
50,668 

13,887 
17,289 

  115,224 
  138,118 

  6,800 
7,515 

4,378 
4,516 

 203,525 
 248,109 

1 As at December 31, 2021, the Company owns land of $66,266 (2020 - $45,487), which is not subject to depreciation.

Construction-in-progress additions of $6,865 (2020 - $6,514) are included in land and buildings, as well as 
leasehold improvements, and are not subject to depreciation until the assets are available for use.

Fully  depreciated  assets  are  retained  in  cost  and  accumulated  depreciated  accounts  until  such  assets  are 
removed  from  service.  Proceeds  from  disposal  are  netted  against  the  related  assets  and  the  accumulated 
depreciation are included in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss).

Land and building additions are used for Open Point opportunities as well as dealership relocations, dealership 
re-imagings, and also include the purchase of a previously leased dealership property.

During  the  year-ended  December  31,  2021,  management  identified  certain  assets  with  no  future  value  and 
recorded an impairment of $nil (2020 - $3,303) in disposals.

Page 29  •  AutoCanada

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
21  Goodwill and intangible assets 

Intangible  assets  consist  of  rights  under  franchise  agreements  with  automobile  manufacturers  (“dealer 
agreements”).  Intangible  assets  and  goodwill  are  tested  for  impairment  annually  as  at  December  31  or  more 
frequently, if events or changes in circumstances indicate that they may be impaired. 

The impairment (recovery) charges were allocated to the assets of the respective CGU’s as follows:

Land and buildings (Notes 19, 20)
Intangible assets
Goodwill

2021
$
—   
(39,846)   
—   
(39,846)   

2020
$
3,922 
15,055 
5,230 
24,207 

The changes in the book value of intangible assets and goodwill for the year ended December 31, 2021 were as 
follows:

Cost:
January 1, 2020
Acquisitions (Note 13)
Additions 1
Effect of foreign currency translation
December 31, 2020
Acquisitions (Note 13)
Additions 
Prior year business acquisitions (Note 13)
Effect of foreign currency translation
December 31, 2021
Accumulated impairment:
January 1, 2020
Impairment
Effect of foreign currency translation
December 31, 2020
Recoveries of impairment
Effect of foreign currency translation
December 31, 2021
Carrying amount:
December 31, 2020
December 31, 2021

Intangible 
assets
$

Goodwill
$

Total
$

479,938   
4,626   
430   
(1,050)   

124,681   
6,461   
—   
(1,666)   

483,944 

129,476 

108,365   
403   
—   
(14)   

25,253   
17 

4   
(387)   

592,698 

154,363 

69,645   
15,055   
(389)   

84,311 
(39,846)   
(16)   

100,566   
5,230   
(2,054)   

103,742 

—   
(340)   

44,449 

103,402 

604,619 
11,087 
430 
(2,716) 
613,420 
133,618 
420 
4 
(401) 
747,061 

170,211 
20,285 
(2,443) 
188,053 
(39,846) 
(356) 
147,851 

399,633   
548,249   

25,734   
50,961   

425,367 
599,210 

1   Additions to intangible assets represent increases to franchise rights.

The  recoveries  of  impairment  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2021  relates  to  the  Company's  reportable 
segments as follows:

Canadian 
Operations
$

(39,846)   
(39,846)   

U.S. 
Operations
$
—   
—   

Total
$
(39,846) 
(39,846) 

Intangible assets

Page 30  •  AutoCanada  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CGUs  have  been  determined  to  be  individual  dealerships.  The  following  table  shows  the  carrying  amount  of 
indefinite-lived identifiable intangible assets and goodwill by CGU:

Cash Generating Unit

AL
AZ
U
AD
AX
S
D
AO
T
Q
G
X
I
AK
P
AE
AP
AI
AH
K
AJ
M
A
AR
AS
AG
AA
F
AY
AN
AC
V
N
W
Y
B
AV
AQ
Other CGUs less than 
$5,000
Carrying amount

December 31, 2021
$

Goodwill

Total

6,135
3,951
506
2,587 
— 
— 
3,724
— 
— 
— 
1,648 
1,726 
— 
— 
— 
— 
941
1,927 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
950
602 
— 
— 
— 
— 
909
8,563 
— 
871 
550 
— 
1,343
— 
161 
13,867

33,942
25,201
25,000
24,887
22,339
21,806
21,768
21,687
18,599
16,824
15,883
15,791
15,520
15,306
15,078
14,496
13,437
13,397
13,180
12,559
11,781
11,549
10,384
10,213
9,635
9,626
9,431
9,253
8,824
8,748  
8,563
8,495
6,906  
6,865
6,590
6,027
5,799
5,006  
68,815

December 31, 2020
$

Goodwill

Total

6,135
3,951  
506  
—   
—   
—   
3,724  
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
— 
— 
—   
— 
941  
—   
— 
—   
— 
— 
— 
950

—   
— 
— 
— 
— 
—   
—   
— 
—   
—   
— 
1,343
— 
—   

8,184

33,942
25,201 
25,000 
— 
22,434 
21,806 
21,768 
21,687 
15,152 
16,448 
— 
— 
12,488
10,950
14,872 
14,496
13,437 
— 
10,210
12,612 
9,641
8,048
5,260
10,213
— 
9,626
9,431
3,398
3,247
— 
— 
8,495
— 
— 
6,590
6,027
5,489
— 
47,399

Intangible 
assets
27,807
21,250
24,494

—   
22,434  
21,806  
18,044
21,687  
15,152  
16,448  
—   
—   
12,488  
10,950  
14,872  
14,496  
12,496

—   
10,210  
12,612  
9,641  
8,048  
5,260  
9,263

—   
9,626  
9,431  
3,398  
3,247  
—   
—   
8,495  
—   
—   
6,590  
4,684
5,489  
—   

39,215

Intangible 
assets
27,807
21,250
24,494
22,300  
22,339  
21,806  
18,044
21,687  
18,599  
16,824  
14,235  
14,065  
15,520  
15,306  
15,078  
14,496  
12,496
11,470  
13,180  
12,559  
11,781  
11,549  
10,384  
9,263
9,033  
9,626  
9,431  
9,253  
8,824  
7,839

—   
8,495  
6,035  
6,315  
6,590  
4,684
5,799  
4,845  

54,948

548,249

50,961

599,210

399,633

25,734

425,367

Page 31  •  AutoCanada

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following tables show the impairments (recoveries of impairment) of indefinite-lived identifiable intangible 
assets and goodwill by CGU:

Canadian dealerships

For the year ended December 31, 2021, fifteen Canadian dealerships recorded impairment charges (recoveries) 
on indefinite-lived identifiable intangible assets (2020 - thirteen). The recoverable amounts for nine dealerships 
were  determined  using  the  value  in  use  ("VIU")  method  while  the  remaining  six  dealerships  were  determined 
using the fair value less costs to dispose ("FVLCD") method.

December 31, 2021
$

December 31, 2020
$

Intangible 
assets

Goodwill

Cash Generating Unit
A

Intangible 
assets
(5,124)   

AK

Q

AE

T

AH
R
Y
AJ
AT
AV
P
F
O
M
AY
I
Net (recovery) impairment

U.S. dealerships

(4,356)   

(376)   

—   

(3,447)   

(2,970)   
(1,420)   
—   
(2,140)   
(352)   
(310)   
(206)   
(5,855)   
(1,180)   
(3,501)   
(5,577)   
(3,032)   
(39,846)   

Goodwill

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   

Total
(5,124) 

(4,356) 

(376) 

330   

1,980   

1,750   

— 

(2,840)   

(3,447) 

(2,970) 
(1,420) 
— 
(2,140) 
(352) 
(310) 
(206) 
(5,855) 
(1,180) 
(3,501) 
(5,577) 
(3,032) 
(39,846) 

2,490   

480   
290   
(800)   
2,400   
—   
310   
—   
5,300   
(1,720)   
—   
—   
1,420   
11,390   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   

Total
330 

1,980 

1,750 

(2,840) 

2,490 

480 
290 
(800) 
2,400 
— 
310 
— 
5,300 
(1,720) 
— 
— 
1,420 
11,390 

For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2021,  no  U.S.  dealerships  recorded  impairment  charges  on  indefinite-lived 
identifiable intangible assets and goodwill (2020 - three).

Cash Generating Unit
AM
AX
K
Net impairment

December 31, 2021
$

December 31, 2020
$

Intangible 
assets

Goodwill

—   
—   
—   
—   

—   
—   
—   
—   

Total
— 
— 
— 
— 

Intangible 
assets

Goodwill

—   
198   
3,467   
3,665   

241   
4,285   
704   
5,230   

Total
241 
4,483 
4,171 
8,895 

The  valuation  methodology  used  to  assess  the  recoverable  value  of  the  CGUs  uses  level  2  inputs,  indirectly 
derived from the market, where possible, for key assumptions such as the discount rate. Where level 2 inputs 
are not available, as is the case with the growth rate, the Company uses level 3 inputs, which are unobservable 
to the market, but reflect management’s best estimates from historical performance and expectations for the 
future.

Page 32  •  AutoCanada  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The  following  tables  show  the  recoverable  amounts  of  CGUs,  with  impairments  or  recoveries  of  impairments 
recorded in either the current year or prior year, that have not been fully impaired:

Canadian dealerships

Cash Generating Unit
A
AK
Q
AE

T
AH
R
Y
AJ
AT
AV
P
F
O
M
AY
I

1 The CGU was valued using the VIU technique in the prior year. 
2 The CGU was valued using the FVLCD technique in the prior year. 

U.S. dealerships

Cash Generating Unit
AX 1
K

FVLCD or VIU
VIU
  FVLCD 1
  FVLCD 1
VIU

VIU
VIU
VIU
VIU
  FVLCD 1
  FVLCD 1
 VIU 2
FVLCD 
VIU
VIU
 VIU 2
  FVLCD 1
VIU

December 31, 
2021
$

11,565   
13,869   
15,982   
23,078   

36,165   
16,827   
10,369   
20,706   
11,781   
4,197   
13,574   
53,165   
12,658   
11,565   
26,515   
8,942   
19,407   

December 31, 
2020
$
6,799 
13,288 
18,442 
17,493 

17,118 
12,430 
4,935 
16,861 
10,285 
— 
5,250 
11,932 
5,236 
5,600 
7,260 
5,365 
12,413 

FVLCD or VIU
VIU
VIU

December 31, 
2021
$

23,903   
23,825   

December 31, 
2020
$
23,903 
14,575 

1 This  CGU  did  not  show  indicators  of  impairment  during  the  year  ended  December  31,  2021  and  was  not  tested  for 

impairment during the period.

Impairment test of indefinite life intangible assets

The assumptions and sensitivities applied in the intangible assets impairment test are described as follows:

Valuation techniques

The  Company  did  not  make  any  changes  to  the  valuation  methodology  used  to  assess  impairment  in  the 
current year. The recoverable amount of each CGU is based on the greater of fair value less cost to dispose and 
value in use.

Value in use

Value in use (“VIU”) is predicated upon the value of the future cash flows that a business will generate going 
forward.  The  discounted  cash  flow  (“DCF”)  method  is  used,  which  involves  projecting  cash  flows  and 
converting them into a present value equivalent through discounting. The discounting process uses a rate of 
return that is commensurate with the risk associated with the business or asset and the time value of money. 
This model requires assumptions about revenue growth rates, operating margins, and discount rates.

Page 33  •  AutoCanada

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair value less costs to dispose

Fair value less costs to dispose (“FVLCD”) assumes that companies operating in the same industry will share 
similar  characteristics  and  that  the  Company's  values  will  correlate  to  those  characteristics.  Therefore,  a 
comparison of a CGU to similar companies may provide a reasonable basis to estimate fair value. Under this 
model, fair value is calculated based on an applicable multiple applied to projected earnings before interest, 
taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA). Data for EBITDA multiples was based on recent comparable 
transactions and management estimates. Multiples used in the test for impairment for each CGU were in the 
range of 2.5 to 7.88 times forecasted EBITDA (2020 - 2.5 to 7.9 times).

Significant assumptions for VIU

Projected operating margins and growth rates

The  assumptions  used  are  based  on  the  Company’s  internal  budget,  which  is  approved  by  the  Board  of 
Directors.  The  Company  projects  operating  margins  and  cash  flows  for  a  period  of  one  year,  and  applies 
growth  rates  in  the  cash  flow  forecast  period  commensurate  with  industry  forecasts.  In  arriving  at  its 
forecasts,  the  Company  considers  past  experience,  economic  trends  and  inflation  as  well  as  industry  and 
market trends.

Discount rates

The Company applies a discount rate in order to calculate the present value of its projected cash flows. The 
discount rate represents the Company’s internally computed weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”) for 
each CGU with appropriate adjustments for the risks associated with the CGUs in which intangible assets are 
allocated. The WACC is an estimate of the overall required rate of return on an investment for both debt and 
equity  owners  and  serves  as  the  basis  for  developing  an  appropriate  discount  rate.  Determination  of  the 
discount rate requires separate analysis of the cost of equity and debt, and considers a risk premium based 
on an assessment of risks related to the projected cash flows of each CGU. Management applied a discount 
rate between 10.62% and 12.58% in its projections (2020 - 11.05% and 12.25%). 

Significant assumptions for FVLCD

Projected EBITDA

The  Company’s  assumptions  for  projected  EBITDA  are  based  on  the  Company’s  internal  budget,  which  is 
approved by the Board of Directors. In arriving at the projected EBITDA, the Company considers projected 
operating  margins  and  growth  rates  as  significant  assumptions,  past  experience,  economic  trends  and 
inflation as well as industry and market trends.

EBITDA multiples

EBITDA  multiples  are  based  on  recent  comparable  transactions,  market  comparatives,  and  management 
estimates.

Sensitivity

As  there  are  CGUs  that  have  intangible  assets  with  original  costs  that  exceed  their  current  year  carrying 
amounts,  the  Company  expects  future  impairments  and  recoveries  of  impairments  to  occur  as  market 
conditions change and risk premiums used in developing the discount rate change.

The recoverable amount of each CGU is sensitive to changes in market conditions and could result in material 
changes  in  the  carrying  value  of  intangible  assets  in  the  future.  Based  on  sensitivity  analysis,  no  reasonably 
possible  change  in  key  assumptions  would  cause  the  recoverable  amount  of  any  CGU  to  have  a  significant 
change from its current valuation except for the CGUs identified below.

CGUs,  which  use  VIU  as  the  basis  of  recoverable  amount,  for  which  a  reasonably  possible  change  in  key 
assumptions  would  cause  an  impairment,  along  with  the  change  required  for  an  impairment  to  occur  are  as 
follows:

Cash Generating Unit

December 31, 2021

K

December 31, 2020

AM

Page 34  •  AutoCanada  

Change in 
discount rate

Change in 
growth rate

Carrying 
amount
$

Recoverable 
amount exceeds 
carrying amount
$

 0.21 %

 0.97 %  

14,575   

 0.01 %

 0.01 %  

13,852   

— 

— 

CGUs,  which  use  FVLCD  as  the  basis  of  recoverable  amount,  for  which  a  reasonably  possible  change  in  key 
assumptions  would  cause  an  impairment,  along  with  the  change  required  for  an  impairment  to  occur  are  as 
follows:

Cash Generating Unit

December 31, 2021

Q

December 31, 2020

AH

22  Other assets

Prepaid expenses
 Derivative financial instruments (Note 26)
Other assets 1

   Net investment in lease (Note 25)

Change in
multiple

Recoverable 
amount
$

Carrying 
amount
$

Recoverable 
amount exceeds 
carrying amount
$

0.1  

15,982   

15,982   

0.1  

7,454   

7,454   

— 

— 

December 31, 2021
$

December 31, 2020
$

Current

Long-term

Current

9,528   
—   
—   
44   
9,572   

309   
—   
15,868   
1,034   
17,211   

8,536   
366   
29   
—   
8,931   

Long-term
143 
— 
14,194 
— 
14,337 

1   $15,868 (2020 - $14,194) relates to long-term loans receivable from the respective non-controlling interests (Note 15).

23  Trade and other payables

Trade payables
Accruals and provisions
Sales tax payable
Wages and withholding taxes payable

December 31, 
2021
$

94,001   
40,012   
14,360   
41,358   
189,731   

December 31, 
2020
$
65,806 
36,672 
3,092 
31,940 
137,510 

The following table provides a continuity schedule of all recorded provisions:

January 1, 2020
Provisions made during the year
Amounts expired or disbursed
December 31, 2020
Provisions made during the year
Amounts expired or disbursed
December 31, 2021

Legal and other

Finance and 
insurance 
$
71 
—   
—   
71 
—   
(71)   
— 

Legal and 
other
$
3,754 
6,441   
(3,122)   
7,073 
4,009   
(2,526)   
8,556 

Total
$
3,825 
6,441 
(3,122) 
7,144 
4,009 
(2,597) 
8,556 

The  balance  represents  the  non-recurring  legal  and  loss  provision  associated  with  certain  wholesale 
transactions for the period ended December 31, 2018, management's best estimate of the most likely outcome 
of  the  Company's  liability  under  ongoing  legal  claims,  and  estimated  contract  termination  fees  related  to  the 
integration of newly acquired entities.

Page 35  •  AutoCanada

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
24 

Indebtedness

This  note  provides  information  about  the  contractual  terms  of  the  Company’s  interest  bearing  debt,  which  is 
measured  at  amortized  cost.  For  more  information  about  the  Company’s  exposure  to  interest  rate,  foreign 
currency and liquidity risk, refer to Note 33.

Revolving floorplan facilities
Revolving floorplan facilities - Syndicate (ii)
Revolving floorplan facilities - VW Credit Canada, Inc. (iii)
Revolving floorplan facilities - BMW Financial (iv)
Revolving floorplan facilities - RBC (v)
Revolving floorplan facilities - Mercedes-Benz Financial (vii)
Revolving floorplan facilities - GM Financial (vi)
Revolving floorplan facilities - Ally Financial (viii)
Carrying value

Indebtedness
Senior unsecured notes 
Senior unsecured notes (i)
Embedded derivative
Unamortized deferred financing costs

Revolving term facilities (ii)
Revolving term facility
Unamortized deferred financing costs

Other debt
Mortgage (ix)
Other long-term debt
Total indebtedness
Current indebtedness
Long-term indebtedness

December 31, 
2021
$

December 31, 
2020
$

465,204   
44,069   
43,024   
36,023   
18,893   
18,617   
82,731   
708,561   

256,011   
(29,306)   
(4,740)   
221,965   

65,000   
(1,158)   
63,842   

—   
101   

285,908 

—   
285,908   

465,510 
56,539 
64,327 
35,323 
24,402 
25,752 
90,090 
761,943 

123,982 
— 
(3,266) 
120,716 

70,123 
(1,296) 
68,827 

831 
6,857 
197,231 
65 
197,166 

The  following  table  shows  the  movement  of  indebtedness  during  the  years  ended  December  31,  2021  and 
December 31, 2020:

Balance, January 1
Amortization of deferred financing costs
Amortization of note premium
Recognition and revaluation of embedded derivative
Draws and additions
Repayments
Other
Balance, December 31

2021
$
197,231 

1,896   
(1,253)   
(29,306)   
353,957   
(231,180)   
(5,437)   

285,908 

2020
$
213,432 
1,300 
— 
— 
226,882 
(245,505) 
1,122 
197,231 

Page 36  •  AutoCanada  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Terms and conditions of outstanding loans are as follows: 

i.

On April 15, 2021, the Company issued $125 million (2020 - $125 million) principal amount of its existing 
8.75%  (2020  -  8.75%)  Senior  Unsecured  Notes  due  February  11,  2025  (the  "New  Notes",  collectively  the 
"Notes"). The New Notes were issued at a premium issue price of $1,066.25 (2020 - $990.11) per $1,000 
principal amount of notes (106.625%) (2020 - 9.00%). Interest is payable semi-annually on February 11 and 
August 11 of each year the New Notes are outstanding. The initial interest payment date for the New Notes 
will be August 11, 2021.

The Notes agreements contain certain redemption options whereby the Company can redeem all or part 
of the  Notes at prices set forth in the agreement, following certain dates specified in the agreements. In 
addition, at any time prior to February 11, 2022, the Company may at its option redeem up to 35% of the 
aggregate  principal  amount  of  the  Notes  with  net  cash  proceeds  from  equity  offerings  at  a  specified 
redemption  price  in  the  agreement.  The  Note  holders  also  have  the  right  to  require  the  Company  to 
redeem the Notes or a portion thereof, at the redemption prices set forth in the agreement in the event of 
a change in control. These redemption features constitute embedded derivatives that are required to be 
separated from the Notes and measured at fair value. 

The  embedded  derivative  components  of  these  compound  financial  instruments  are  measured  at  fair 
value at each reporting date with gains or losses in fair value recognized through profit or loss (Note 11).  
For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2021,  the  fair  value  of  the  embedded  derivative  was  $29,306  with  the 
offsetting gain recognized in Finance costs (Note 11).

For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020,  the  Company  extinguished  $150  million  of  Senior  Unsecured 
Notes  and an extinguishment charge of $3,211 was recorded as a loss on extinguishment in Finance Costs 
(Note 11).

ii.  On April 14, 2021, the Company amended and extended its existing credit facility for three years to 2024. 
The amended credit facility increases the revolving facility by $50 million to $225 million, and includes a 
$1,060  million  wholesale  floorplan  financing  facility  and  a  $15  million  wholesale  leasing  facility,  for  total 
aggregate bank facilities of $1.3 billion (the "New Credit Facilities"). New staged covenant thresholds were 
established as per the terms of the April 14, 2021 amended credit facility agreement. Previously deferred 
financing costs of $1,128 (2020 - $791) were included in the loss on extinguishment in Finance costs (Note 
11).

On  December  1,  2021,  the  Company  amended  and  restated  the  existing  credit  facility  for  three  years  to 
April 14, 2024. No changes were made to the facility limits or covenant thresholds.        

In  the  case  of  advances  under  the  revolving  facility,  the  margins  above  the  prime  rate,  banker’s 
acceptance  rate,  US  base  rate  or  LIBOR  rate  are  subject  to  a  pricing  grid  based  on  the  then  applicable 
ratio of senior net funded debt to EBITDA. As at December 31, 2021, the Company would have been in the 
first  of  five  tiers  of  the  pricing  grid  which  provides  for  advances  at  the  prime  rate  or  US  base  rate  plus 
1.25% (3.70% at December 31, 2021) or at the banker’s acceptance rate or LIBOR rate plus 2.25% (2.69% at 
December  31,  2021).The  wholesale  leasing  facilities  bear  interest  rates  of  Canadian  Dollar  Offered  Rate 
(“CDOR”) plus 2.25% for a total of 2.69% as at December 31, 2021. The wholesale floorplan facilities bear 
interest rates of Canadian Dollar Offered Rate (“CDOR”) plus 1.05% for a total of 1.49% as at December 31, 
2021 except for facility for floorplan of used export vehicles which bears interest rates of CDOR rate plus 
1.30% for total of 1.74% as at December 31, 2021.

The  agreement  has  certain  reporting  requirements  and  financial  covenants.  The  floorplan  facility  is 
collateralized  by  each  individual  dealership’s  inventories  that  are  directly  financed  by  the  facility.  The 
revolving credit facility is collateralized by certain of the Company’s real property and fixed assets, as well 
as certain current receivable and inventory assets not otherwise pledged as collateral.

iii. 

VW  Credit  Canada,  Inc.  (“VCCI”)  provides  floorplan  financing  for  new  and  used  vehicles  for  all  of  the 
Company’s  Volkswagen  and  Audi  dealerships  (the  “VCCI  facilities”).  During  the  first  quarter  of  2021, 
amendments were made to the maximum amount of financing provided by the VCCI facilities to $98,545. 
As  at  December  31,  2021,  the  maximum  amount  of  financing  is  $98,545  (2020  -  $94,800).  The  VCCI 
facilities  bear  interest  at  Royal  Bank  of  Canada  (“RBC”)  prime  rate  plus  0.00%  –  0.25%  (2020  - 
0.00%-0.25%). The RBC prime rate was 2.45% at December 31, 2021 (2020 - 2.45%). The combined total 
interest  rates  were  2.45%-2.70%  (2020  -  2.45%-2.70%).  The  VCCI  facilities  have  certain  reporting 
requirements  and  financial  covenants  and  are  collateralized  by  all  of  the  dealerships'  assets  financed  by 
VCCI. The individual notes payable of the VCCI facilities are due when the related vehicle is sold.    

Page 37  •  AutoCanada

iv. 

v.   

BMW  Financial  Services  Canada  (“BMW  Financial”),  a  division  of  BMW  Canada  Inc.,  provides  floorplan 
financing  for  new  and  used  vehicles  for  all  of  the  Company’s  BMW  dealerships  (the  “BMW  Facilities”). 
During the second quarter of 2021, amendments were made to the maximum advance limit to $109,550. 
As at December 31, 2021, the maximum advance limit is $109,550 (2020 - $102,255).  The BMW Facilities 
bear a variable interest rate of prime minus 0.40% (2020 - 0.40%) per 360 day annum for a total of 2.05% 
at December 31, 2021 (2020 - 2.05%). The BMW Facilities have certain reporting requirements and financial 
covenants and are collateralized by the dealerships’ movable and immovable property.

RBC  provides  floorplan  financing  for  new,  used  and  demonstrator  vehicles  for  three  of  the  Company’s 
dealerships (the “RBC Facilities”).  As at December 31, 2021, the maximum advance limit is $50,000 (2020 
- $50,000). The RBC Facilities bear interest rates of RBC’s Cost of Funds Rate plus 0.25%-0.50% (2020 - 
0.25%-0.50%).  The  RBC’s  Cost  of  Funds  Rate  was  1.21%    as  at  December  31,  2021  (2020  -  1.24%).  The 
combined  total  interest  rates  were  1.46%-1.71%  as  at  December  31,  2021  (2020  -  1.49%-1.74%).  The  RBC 
Facilities have certain reporting requirements and financial covenants and are collateralized by the new, 
used,  and  demonstrator  inventory  financed  by  RBC  and  a  general  security  agreement  from  the  General 
Motors dealerships financed by RBC.            

vi.    General  Motors  Financial  of  Canada  (the  "GM  Financial  Facilities")  provides  floorplan  financing  for  new, 
used,  service  loaner,  and  demonstrator  vehicles  for  two  of  the  Company's  dealerships.  GM  Financial 
Facilities  bear  interest  at  a  floating  rate  of  interest  per  annum,  which  equals  the  prime  rate.    During  the 
first  quarter  of  2021,  amendments  were  made  to  the  maximum  amount  of  financing  to  $51,300.  As  at 
December 31, 2021, the prime rate was 2.45% (2020 - 2.45%) and the maximum amount of financing was 
$51,300  (2020  -  $50,300).  The  GM  Financial  Facilities  have  certain  reporting  requirements  and  are 
collateralized  by  the  new,  used,  and  demonstrator  inventory  financed  by  GM  Financial  and  a  general 
security agreement from the Company’s two dealerships financed by GM Financial.

vii.   Mercedes-Benz Financial provides floorplan financing for new, used and demonstrator vehicles for two of 
the  Company’s  dealerships  (the  “Mercedes-Benz  Facilities”).  As  at  December  31,  2021,  the  maximum 
amount of financing was $59,500 (2020 - $58,000). The facilities bear interest rates of CDOR plus 1.75% 
per annum and 2.05% per annum (2020 - 1.80%) for new wholesale lines of credit and used wholesale lines 
of  credit,  respectively    for    totals  of  2.19%  and  2.49%  (2020  -  2.47%).  The  Mercedes-Benz  Facilities  have 
certain  reporting  requirements  and  financial  covenants  and  are  collateralized  by  the  new,  used,  and 
demonstrator inventory financed by Mercedes-Benz Financial and a general security agreement from the 
Company’s dealerships financed by Mercedes-Benz Financial.

viii.   Ally Financial provides U.S. floorplan financing for new, used, and demonstrator vehicles in the company's 
U.S dealerships (the "Ally facility"). During the fourth quarter of 2021, amendments were made to include 
an  additional  dealership  to  the  floorplan  financing  and  the  interest  rate  was  amended  to  the  Ally  prime 
rate. As at December 31, 2021, the facility limit was $127,500 USD (2020 – $108,500 USD). The Ally facility 
bears interest at the Ally Bank prime rate. As at December 31, 2021, the Ally prime rate was 3.25% while the 
rate for the period ended December 31, 2020 was the one-month London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") 
plus  3.45%.  The  floorplan  facility  has  certain  reporting  requirements  and  financial  covenants  and  is 
collateralized by each individual dealership’s inventories that are directly financed by the facility.

ix.  

VCCI provided the Company with a mortgage (the “VCCI Mortgage”). The VCCI Mortgage bore interest at 
a floating rate of interest per annum equal to RBC’s prime rate plus 0.15% (2020 - 0.15%). The RBC prime 
rate was 2.45% as at December 31, 2021 (2020 - 2.45%). The total interest rate was 2.60% as at December 
31,  2021  (2020  -  2.60%).  The  VCCI  Mortgage  was  repayable  with  blended  monthly  payments  of  $4 
amortized over a 20-year period with the term expiring on July 15, 2021. The VCCI Mortgage had certain 
reporting  requirements  and  financial  covenants  and  was  collateralized  by  a  general  security  agreement 
consisting of a first fixed charge over the property. The VCCI Mortgage was repaid during the third quarter 
of 2021.

Government assistance

For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Small Business Association Paycheck Protection Program (SBA PPP) 
loan of $6,728 ($5,395 USD) received in the year ended December 31, 2020 was forgiven and recognized as an 
offset to Operating expenses (Note 8).

Page 38  •  AutoCanada  

25  Leases

Right-of-use asset balance, beginning of period
Additions
Sublease adjustment
Acquisitions (Note 13)
Depreciation (Note 8)
Disposals
Effect of foreign currency translation
Right-of-use asset balance, end of period

Lease liability balance, beginning of period
Additions
Acquisitions (Note 13)
Repayments
Interest expense (Note 11)
Disposals
Effect of foreign currency translation
Lease liability balance, end of period
Current lease liabilities
Long-term lease liabilities

Rent concessions

December 31, 
2021
$
308,897 

17,217   
(2,016)   
81,539   
(26,420)   
(7,937)   
(282)   

370,998 

December 31, 
2021
$
387,929 

17,047   
81,539   
(48,827)   
23,062   
(8,429)   
496   

452,817 

25,602   
427,215   

December 31, 
2020
$
303,536 
12,135 
— 
19,316 
(24,759) 
(90) 
(1,241) 
308,897 

December 31, 
2020
$
380,463 
13,111 
19,316 
(45,270) 
22,189 
(95) 
(1,785) 
387,929 
24,079 
363,850 

The  Company  negotiated  certain  rent  concessions  on  property  leases  primarily  related  to  the  deferral  of  rent 
payments for a three-month period, predominantly during the second quarter of 2020 in exchange for future 
repayment  of  the  concessions  or  extensions  to  the  respective  lease  terms.  For  the  year  ended December  31, 
2021,  the  Company  did  not  receive  any  additional  rent  concessions  and  $109  (2020  -  $2,389)  remains  of  the 
overall negotiated cash deferral of $4,169, which is to be repaid over various terms ending in 2022. 

The optional exemption for all eligible rent concessions has been applied for leases with similar characteristics 
and the financial impact was nominal to the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss). Certain 
leases did not meet the criteria for the optional exemption due to substantive lease term extensions.

Other disclosures

Other than depreciation, the following amounts have been recognized in income: 

Expenses related to short-term leases (included in Operating expenses)
Expenses related to leases of low-value assets that are not shown above as short-
term leases (included in Operating expenses)
Income from sub-leasing right-of-use assets (included in Lease and other income, 
net)

2021
$
525   
76   

2020
$
2,006 
95 

215   

204 

As  at  December  31,  2021,  potential  cash  outflows  of  $596,394  (2020  -  $508,933),  (undiscounted),  have  not 
been  included  in  the  lease  liability  as  it  is  not  reasonably  certain  the  extension  options  will  be  exercised.  The 
financial effect of including reasonably certain extension options in leases liabilities and right-of-use assets is 
$98,225 (2020 - $54,873). 

Page 39  •  AutoCanada

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As  at  December  31,  2021,  estimated  commitments  associated  with  low-value  and  short-term  leases  are 
insignificant.

For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recognized a loss of $919 on derecognition of the right-
of-use  asset  and  lease  liabilities  pertaining  to  the  buildings  and  presented  the  loss  as  part  of  'Gain  (loss)  on 
disposal of assets, net (Note 10).

Leases as lessor

Finance lease

For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company has sub-leased one property that has been presented as a 
net  investment  in  lease  in  Other  assets  (Note 22)  and  recognized  interest  income  on  lease  receivables  of  $16 
(2020 - $nil) (Note 11). 

The following table sets out a maturity analysis of lease receivables, showing the undiscounted lease payments 
to be received after December 31, 2021:

2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
Thereafter
Total undiscounted lease receivable
Unearned finance income
Net investment in the lease

Lease termination

Total
$
108 
114 
117 
123 
127 
945 
1,534 
456 
1,078 

During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company repurchased the assets previously sold in a sale and 
leaseback  transaction  to  Capital  Automotive  Real  Estate  Services  Inc.  for  cash  consideration  of  $13,900.  The 
lease agreement was subsequently terminated and a gain of $492 was recognized on the derecognition of the 
right-of-use asset and lease liability (Note 10). 

Page 40  •  AutoCanada  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
26  Derivative financial instruments

Derivative  financial  instruments  are  held  for  the  purpose  of  managing  exposures  to  fluctuations  in  foreign 
exchange rates and interest rates.

Foreign exchange risk

The  Company  uses  foreign  exchange  forward  contracts  to  economically  hedge  foreign  currency  risk.  These 
contracts  are  not  designated  as  hedges  for  accounting  purposes  and  changes  in  fair  value  are  immediately 
recognized in net income. 

Interest rate risk

The  Company  enters  into  interest  rate  swaps  to  hedge  the  variable  rates  of  the  syndicated  floorplan  facility, 
transforming the variable rate exposure to fixed rate obligations. Certain interest rate swaps are designated as 
cash  flow  hedges  and  periodically  assessed  for  effectiveness.  Where  the  hedging  relationship  is  assessed  as 
being effective, changes in fair value are recognized in other comprehensive income. 

Changes  in  fair  value  on  derivative  instruments  not  designated  as  hedging  instruments  are  immediately 
recognized in net income. These instruments have settlement periods through to June 2025. Changes in the fair 
value of these instruments will be recorded in Finance costs as the Company has not elected to apply hedge 
accounting to these contracts. 

During the year ended December 31, 2021, there were no changes to the designation of cash flow hedges. 

During the year ended December 31, 2020, certain cash flow hedges with a notional amount of $177,800 were 
de-designated as a result of the termination of the interest rate swaps. This resulted in a pre-tax loss of $11,911 
that was fully deferred in accumulated other comprehensive income, which will be reclassified to net income in 
future periods with the original associated finance costs. Concurrently, the Company entered into new interest 
rate swaps with the notional amount of $177,800 to economically hedge variable rate debt. These instruments 
have a settlement period from April 2021 through to June 2025. Changes in the fair value of these instruments 
will  be  recorded  in  finance  costs  as  the  Company  has  not  elected  to  apply  hedge  accounting  to  these 
contracts.

The fair values and notional amounts of derivative financial instruments are as follows:

December 31, 2021
Other liabilities - current

Derivative financial instruments - liabilities

Notional values

Maturity

December 31, 2020
Other current assets

Other liabilities - current

Derivative financial instruments - liabilities

Foreign exchange 
contracts

Interest rate swaps

Non-hedges Cash flow hedges

Non-hedges

Total

173   

—   

284   

1,625   

—   

457 

6,674   

8,299 

48,200 USD

197,200 CAD

177,800 CAD

2022

2022 - 2024

2025

366   

—   

—   

—   

461   

—   

—   

366 

461 

7,060   

15,086   

22,146 

Notional values

Maturity

17,300 USD
2021

222,200 CAD
2021 - 2024

177,800 CAD
2025

The weighted average hedge rate of cash flow hedges was 2.44% (2020 - 2.58%).

Page 41  •  AutoCanada

 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized and realized pre-tax gains and (losses) on derivative instruments recognized in net income and other 
comprehensive income on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss are:

For the year ended December 31, 2021
Change in fair value of hedging instruments

Change in the fair value of terminated hedges

Unrealized change in fair value of non-hedging instruments 
(Note 11)
Amortization of terminated hedges (Note 11)

Interest rate swap settlements (Note 11)

Change in fair value of foreign exchange forward contracts

Realized gain on foreign exchange forward contracts

For the year ended December 31, 2020
Change in fair value of hedging instruments

Change in the fair value of terminated hedges

Change in fair value of non-hedging instruments (Note 11)

Amortization of terminated hedges (Note 11)

Interest rate swap settlements (Note 11)

Change in fair value of foreign exchange forward contracts

Realized loss on foreign exchange forward contracts

Other 
comprehensive 
income
$

Net income
$

—   

—   

8,412   

(3,268)   

(7,023)   

(539)   

216   

(2,202)   

—   

—   

(3,175)   

(2,308)   

(3,208)   

366   

(1,754)   

5,612   

—   

—   

3,268   

—   

—   

—   

8,880   

(1,335)   

(11,911)   

—   

2,308   

—   

—   

—   

(10,079)   

(10,938)   

Total
$

5,612 

— 

8,412 

— 

(7,023) 

(539) 

216 

6,678 

(1,335) 

(11,911) 

(3,175) 

— 

(3,208) 

366 

(1,754) 

(21,017) 

Hedge ineffectiveness

Hedge effectiveness is determined at the inception of the hedge relationship, and through periodic prospective 
effectiveness  assessments  to  ensure  that  an  economic  relationship  exists  between  the  hedged  item  and 
hedging instrument. 

The  Company  enters  into  interest  rate  swaps  that  have  similar  critical  terms  as  the  hedged  item,  such  as 
interest  rate,  payment  dates,  maturities  and  notional  amount.  The  group  does  not  hedge  100%  of  its  loans, 
therefore, the hedged item is identified as a proportion of the outstanding loans up to the notional amount of 
the swaps. As all critical terms matched during the year, the economic relationship was 100% effective.

Effect of IBOR reform

Following the financial crisis, the reform and replacement of benchmark interest rates such as CDOR and other 
interbank offered rates ("IBORs") has become a priority for global regulators (referred to as "IBOR reform"). The 
Canadian Alternative Reference Rate Working Group (CARR) was created to identify and seek to develop a new 
risk-free  Canadian  dollar  interest  rate  benchmark.  Although  there  are  no  plans  to  immediately  discontinue 
CDOR rates, an enhanced Canadian Oversight Repo Rate Average (CORRA) has been designed to comply with 
recommendations of the Financial Stability Board as part of a global effort to reform benchmark interest rates. 
As  a  result,  while  CORRA  has  been  officially  announced,  it  has  not  been  approved  and  there  is  uncertainty 
about  how  the  Canadian  dollar  benchmark  rates  will  evolve  and  the  speed  at  which  CORRA  will  become  a 
dominant benchmark for Canadian dollar borrowings. All of the Company's hedging instruments are currently 
based on CDOR.

Page 42  •  AutoCanada  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The  Company  performs  a  qualitative  assessment  of  hedge  ineffectiveness  for  interest  rate  swaps,  which  may 
occur due to:

● the credit value/debit value adjustment on the interest rate swaps which is not matched by the loan; 
●  differences in critical terms between the interest rate swaps and loans; and
●  the  effects  of  the  forthcoming  reforms  to  CDOR  because  these  may  take  effect  at  a  different  time 
and have a different impact on the hedged item (the floating-rate debt) and the hedging instrument 
(the interest rate swap used to hedge the debt).

The associated derivative financial instruments were valued at $8,299 as at December 31, 2021 (2020 - $22,146). 
There was no ineffectiveness for the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.

The Company has evaluated the extent to which its cash flow hedging relationships are subject to uncertainty 
driven  by  IBOR  reform  as  at  December  31,  2021.  As  the  CDOR  rate  associated  with  the  derivative  financial 
instrument was still in effect, there was no impact from the IBOR reform.  

27  Vehicle repurchase obligations

The Company operates service loaner programs and provides vehicles to a third party vehicle rental company 
with  individual  terms  not  to  exceed  12  months,  at  which  time  the  Company  has  an  obligation  to  repurchase 
each  vehicle  at  a  predetermined  amount.  As  a  result,  the  Company  has  recorded  the  contractual  repurchase 
amounts  as  outstanding  vehicle  repurchase  obligations  and  has  classified  the  liability  as  current  due  to  the 
short-term nature of the obligation.

28  Other liabilities

Equity forward
Restructuring charges
Contingent liability
Derivative financial instruments (Note 26)

Equity forward liability

December 31, 2021
$

December 31, 2020
$

Current

Long-term

Current

—   
710   
—   
457   
1,167   

6,201   
3,731   
—   
—   
9,932   

—   
1,215   
500   
461   
2,176   

Long-term
3,466 
4,962 
— 
— 
8,428 

The  Company  has  entered  into  an  equity  forward  purchase  agreement  with  a  major  Canadian  financial 
institution  to  reduce  its  cash  and  income  exposure  to  fluctuations  in  its  share  price  relating  to  the  Restricted 
Share  Units  ("RSUs"),  Deferred  Share  Units  ("DSUs"),  and  Share  Appreciation  Rights  ("SARs").  Pursuant  to  the 
agreement, the Company receives the economic benefit of share price appreciation and suffers the economic 
loss of share price depreciation, while providing payments to the financial institution for the institution's cost of 
funds minus dividends. As the agreement requires settlement in shares, the liability has been recorded as the 
present value of the settlement and is not subject to remeasurement.

During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company settled all of the 329,000 (2020 - 329,000) common 
shares pursuant to the previous equity forward agreement (Note 31) and entered into a new equity forward for 
150,000  common  shares.  Transaction  fees  of  $165  were  incurred  on  the  settlement  of  the  equity  forward 
liability resulting in a total amount of $3,631 recognized in equity for the purchase of treasury shares.

The following table shows the change in the equity forward liability for the years ended:

Outstanding, beginning of the period
Acquired
Exercised
Forfeited
Outstanding, end of the period

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2020

Number of  
shares
329,000   
150,000   
(329,000)   
—   
150,000   

$

3,466   
6,201   
(3,466)   
—   
6,201   

Number of  
shares
329,000   
—   
—   
—   
329,000   

$
3,466 
— 
— 
— 
3,466 

Page 43  •  AutoCanada

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Restructuring charges

Restructuring  charges  are  related  to  the  voluntary  termination  of  two  franchises  in  year  ended  December  31, 
2019  and  the  operating  costs  of  the  related  leased  facility,  with  $1,736  being  utilized  and  recognized  in 
Operating expenses (Note 8) during the year ended December 31, 2021. 

 29  Commitments and contingencies

Lawsuits and legal claims

The  Company  is  engaged  in  various  legal  proceedings  and  claims  that  have  arisen  in  the  ordinary  course  of 
business. The outcome of all of the proceedings and claims against the Company is subject to future resolution, 
including  the  uncertainties  of  litigation.  Based  on  information  currently  known  to  the  Company  and  after 
consultation with outside legal counsel, management believes that the probable ultimate resolution of any such 
proceedings and claims, individually or in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on the financial 
condition of the Company, taken as a whole. Note 23 includes provisions to account for information known to 
the Company and based on estimates of probable resolutions.

information  for  environmental  matters,  the  Company’s  ongoing  efforts  to 

The  Company’s  operations  are  subject  to  federal,  provincial  and  local  environmental  laws  and  regulations  in 
Canada. While the Company has not identified any costs likely to be incurred in the next several years, based on 
known 
identify  potential 
environmental  concerns  in  connection  with  the  properties  it  leases  may  result  in  the  identification  of 
environmental costs and liabilities. The magnitude of such additional liabilities and the costs of complying with 
environmental  laws  or  remediating  contamination  cannot  be  reasonably  estimated  at  the  Consolidated 
Statement  of  Financial  Position  date  due  to  lack  of  technical  information,  absence  of  third  party  claims,  the 
potential for new or revised laws and regulations and the ability to recover costs from any third parties. Thus, 
the likelihood of any such costs or whether such costs would be material cannot be determined at this time.

Letters of guarantee

The  Company  has  outstanding  letters  of  guarantee  totaling  $4,402  as  at  December  31,  2021  (2020  -  $3,528) 
with various due dates.

The Company will settle obligations as they arise for which these letters have been issued as security and it is 
not the Company’s intent that draws will be made on these letters.

 Capital commitments

As at December 31, 2021, the Company is committed to capital expenditure obligations in the amount of $2,971 
(2020  -  $17,700)  related  to  dealership  relocations,  dealership  re-imagings,  and  dealership  Open  Points  with 
expected completion of these commitments in 2022.

30  Share-based payments

The Company operates an equity-settled compensation plan under which it receives services from employees 
as consideration for share-based payments. The plans are as follows:

Restricted Share Units (RSUs)

The Company grants RSUs to designated management employees. Effective in 2018, the RSU Plan was modified 
such that awards are intended to be settled in shares. The RSU Plan settles by way of common shares, based on 
the Company's average share price for the seven days prior to the vesting date. The RSUs are also entitled to 
earn  additional  units  based  on  dividend  payments  made  by  the  Company  and  the  share  price  on  date  of 
payment.  The  RSUs  granted  are  scheduled  to  vest  at  different  intervals  over  three  years  —  conditional  upon 
continued employment with the Company. 

Page 44  •  AutoCanada  

The following table shows the change in the number and value of RSUs for the years ended:

Outstanding, beginning of the year
Settled - equity
Granted
Forfeited units
Dividends reinvested
Outstanding, end of the year

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2020

Number of
RSUs
316,456   
(37,626)   
33,549   
(3,692)   
—   
308,687   

Amount
$
2,382 
(1,278) 
1,036 
(39) 
— 
2,101 

Number of
RSUs
127,657   
(4,823)   
191,773   
—   
1,849   
316,456   

Amount
$
1,406 
(34) 
997 
— 
13 
2,382 

During  the  year  ended  December  31,  2021,  168,703  RSUs  were  vested  but  not  settled.  In  addition,  during  the 
year ended December 31, 2021, the total number of RSUs exercised and settled was 37,626 (2020 - 4,823), with 
a charge of $459 (2020 - $nil) to Contributed surplus for exercised and settled RSUs, of which $603 was paid in 
cash for the settlement of related tax withholdings.

Deferred Share Units (DSUs)

Independent members of the Board of Directors are paid a portion of their annual retainer in the form of DSUs. 
They may also elect to receive up to 100% of their remaining cash remuneration in the form of DSUs. Effective 
in  2018,  the  DSU  Plan  was  modified  such  that  awards  are  intended  to  be  settled  in  shares.  The  underlying 
security  of  DSUs  are  the  Company’s  common  shares  and  are  valued  based  on  the  Company’s  average  share 
price  for  the  five  business  days  prior  to  the  date  on  which  Directors’  fees  are  granted.  The  DSUs  are  also 
entitled  to  earn  additional  units  based  on  dividend  payments  made  by  the  Company  and  the  share  price  on 
date of payment. 

The DSUs granted are scheduled to vest upon the termination date of the Director, at which time, the DSUs will 
be settled in common shares no earlier than the termination date and no later than December 15 of the calendar 
year following the Director’s termination date.

The following table shows the change in the number and value of DSUs for the years ended December 31:

Outstanding, beginning of the year
Settled
Granted
Dividends reinvested
Outstanding, end of the year

Stock Option Plan

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2020

Number of
DSUs
142,641   
—   
15,629   
—   
158,270   

Amount
$
1,515 
— 
638 
— 
2,153 

Number of
DSUs
107,203   
—   
33,764   
1,674   
142,641   

Amount
$
1,020 
— 
483 
12 
1,515 

The Stock Option Plan (the “Plan”) is designed to provide long-term incentives to designated management to 
deliver  long-term  shareholder  returns.  Under  the  Plan,  participants  are  granted  options  which  only  vest  if 
certain  service  and  market  conditions  are  met.  The  terms  of  the  Plan  specify  that  following  retirement  an 
employee  may  exercise  vested  options  with  the  rights  to  exercise  continuing  for  120  days  following  the 
retirement date. 

Options  are  granted  under  the  Plan  for  no  consideration  and  carry  no  dividend  or  voting  rights.  When 
exercisable,  each  option  is  exercisable  to  acquire  one  common  share.  The  exercise  price  of  options  is 
determined by the Board and shall not be lower than the closing price of the AutoCanada shares on the Toronto 
Stock Exchange immediately preceding the date of grant.

Page 45  •  AutoCanada

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table shows the change in the number of stock options for the years ended December 31:

2021

2020 

Average
exercise price
per share
option
$

10.06   
35.72   
5.20   
—   
5.20   
13.47   
10.04   

Share options
#
2,500,000 
345,968 
(33,333) 
— 
(66,667) 
2,745,968 
2,366,666 

Average
exercise price
per share
option
$

10.26   
5.20   
—   
—   
—   
10.06   
10.04   

Share options
#
2,400,000 
100,000 
— 
— 
— 
2,500,000 
1,858,333 

Outstanding, beginning of the year
Granted
Exercised
Expired
Forfeited
Outstanding, end of the year
Vested and exercisable, end of the year

During the year ended December 31, 2021,  33,333 (2020 - nil) options under the Stock Option Plan (the "Plan") 
were exercised and settled, with a charge of $40 (2020 - nil) to Contributed surplus.

The following table shows the expiry date and exercise price for the share options outstanding as at December 
31, 2021:

Grant date
August 14, 2018
March 19, 2019
August 14, 2019
December 7, 2021
Total
Weighted average remaining contractual life of options 
outstanding, end of the period

Expiry date
August 14, 2028
August 14, 2028
August 14, 2024
December 7, 2026

Exercise
price
$
10.05
11.49
9.72
35.72

Share options
#
1,930,000
370,000
100,000
345,968
2,745,968

6.27 years

The  weighted  average  remaining  contractual  life  for  the  share  options  outstanding  as  at  December  31,  2020 
was 7.33 years.

For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2021,  the  assessed  weighted  average  fair  value  at  grant  date  of  options 
granted was $15.49 per option. The fair value at grant date is determined using the Black-Scholes Model that 
takes  into  account  the  exercise  price,  the  expected  life  of  the  option,  the  share  price  at  grant  date,  the 
expected price volatility of the underlying share, the expected dividend yield of the underlying share and the 
risk-free interest rate for the term of the option.

The model inputs for options granted during the year ended December 31, 2021 include: 

December 7, 2021 grant

● Options are granted for no consideration and all options granted vest on December 7, 2024. Vested 

options are exercisable until December 7, 2026.

● Exercise price: $35.72
● Grant date: December 7, 2021
● Life of option: 3 years 
● Share price at grant date: $36.96
● Expected price volatility of the Company's shares: 64.18% 
● Expected dividend yield: 1.08% 
● Risk-free interest rate: 1.23%

Expected price volatility was determined at the time of grant using the AutoCanada share price on a historical 
basis.  It  reflects  the  assumption  that  the  historical  volatility  is  indicative  of  future  trends,  which  may  not 
necessarily be the actual outcome.

During  the  year  ended  December  31,  2021,  there  were  expenses  of  $479  (2020  -  $1,822)  and  nil  recoveries 
(2020 - nil).

Page 46  •  AutoCanada  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Executive Advance

During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company advanced $2,000 to the President, collateralized by 
the  President's  outstanding  stock  options  under  the  existing  Plan  (the  "Executive  Advance")  (Note  35).  The 
Executive  Advance  was  considered  to  represent  an  advance  against  share-based  compensation  secured 
against the Company's own shares and is treated as an equity instrument rather than an asset of the Company. 
The  Executive  Advance  was  granted  for  no  consideration,  carries  no  dividend  or  voting  rights,  and  was 
immediately exercisable upon grant. 

The  share  price  of  the  Executive  Advance  is  based  on  the  unrealized  value  of  the  President's  outstanding 
options on the grant date, less the outstanding stock option exercise price, while the exercise price represents 
the amount advanced to the President. The fair value of the awards granted on August 31, 2021 and the share-
based compensation expense for the period is insignificant.

Share Appreciation Rights (SARs)

The share appreciation rights are designed to enable those granted rights under the plan to participate in the 
growth  and  profitability  of  the  Company.  All  of  the  rights  are  time-based  and  vest  over  a  maximum  period  of 
three years. Vested rights are exercisable for a maximum period of five years after grant date.  

Each  share  appreciation  right  that  is  exercised  entitles  the  employee  to  receive  a  number  of  common  shares 
that  is  equal  to  (i)  the  amount  by  which  the  fair  market  value  of  one  common  share  exceeds  the  notional 
exercise price of the vested share appreciation right; divided by (ii) the fair market value of one common share. 

The following table shows the change in the number of share appreciation rights for the year ended December 
31, 2021:

2021

Weighted average
exercise price per 
share appreciation 
right
$
10.27   
31.45   
10.62   
6.21   
18.11   
12.17   

Share 
appreciation 
rights
#
1,126,950 
143,000 
(839,675) 
(41,275) 
389,000 
66,000 

2020 

Weighted average
exercise price per 
share appreciation 
right
$

10.86   
10.05   
10.25   
11.07   
10.27   
12.17   

Share 
appreciation 
rights
#
1,159,450 
158,000 
(63,000) 
(127,500) 
1,126,950 
66,000 

Outstanding, beginning of the year
Granted
Exercised
Forfeited
Outstanding, end of the year
Vested and exercisable, end of the 
year

During the year ended December 31, 2021, the total number of SARs exercised and settled was 839,675 (2020 - 
63,000), with a charge of $17,923 (2020 - $191) to Contributed surplus for exercised and settled SARs, of which 
$18,772 was paid in cash for the settlement of related tax withholdings. No share appreciation rights expired. 

The weighted average contractual life remaining for these share appreciation rights as at December 31, 2021 is 
2.81 years. 

The assessed weighted average fair value at grant date of the share appreciation rights granted during the year 
ended  December  31,  2021  was  $9.06  per  option.  The  fair  value  at  grant  date  has  been  determined  using  the 
Black-Scholes Model.

The weighted average model inputs for the share appreciation rights granted during the year ended December 
31, 2021 include:

● Exercise price: $31.45
● Expected life of option: 2.59 years 
● Share price at grant date: $29.56
● Expected price volatility of the Company's shares: 54.72%
● Expected dividend yield: 1.43%
● Risk-free interest rate: 0.49%

Page 47  •  AutoCanada

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Expected price volatility was determined at the time of grant using the AutoCanada share price on a historical 
basis, adjusted for any expected changes to future volatility due to publicly available information. It reflects the 
assumption that the historical volatility is indicative of future trends, which may not necessarily be the actual 
outcome. 

Employee  Advances

During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company advanced $2,570 to certain employees (the "Employee 
Advances"), collateralized by the employees' outstanding SARs. The Employee Advances are accounted for as 
equity-settled  awards  and  are  expected  to  vest  90  days  from  the  grant  date.  The  SARs  held  by  these  certain 
employees were modified concurrent with the grant of the Employee Advances (the "SARs Modifications").

The  share  price  of  the  Employee  Advances  is  based  on  the  amount  advanced  to  each  employee,  while  the 
exercise price represents the amount advanced, including interest over the term of the advance. The fair value 
of  the  awards  granted  on  August  20,  2021  and  the  share-based  compensation  expense  was  recognized  in 
Operating expenses.

The SARs Modifications are accounted for as a new grant of SARs under the Company's existing SARs Plan and 
were granted for no consideration and carry no dividend or voting rights. The fair value of the awards granted 
on August 20, 2021 and the share-based compensation expense was recognized in Operations expenses.

The fair values of the SARs Modifications, Employee Advances, and Executive Advance granted during the year 
ended  December  31,  2021  were  determined  using  the  Black  Scholes  Model.  Expected  price  volatility  was 
determined at the time of grant for the awards using the AutoCanada share price on a historical basis. It reflects 
the  assumption  that  the  historical  volatility  is  indicative  of  future  trends,  which  may  not  necessarily  be  the 
actual outcome.

For the year ended December 31, 2021, the employee's outstanding SARs vested and the Employee Advances 
were partially settled by employee shares the settled out of the money with $1,271 recognized as a charge to 
Employee costs. 

Used Digital Retail Division

Common interests of the Partnership are granted to dealership management and the Executive Chairman (Note 
35)  under  an  equity  issuance  plan  (the  “Digital  Plan”).  This  is  designed  to  provide  long-term  incentives  to 
dealership and related party management to develop and deliver long-term returns on the digital retail initiative 
(Note 13).

Equity  interests  are  issued  under  the  Digital  Plan  for  the  fair  value  of  the  interests  at  grant  date  and  carry  no 
dividend or voting rights. The interests vest in accordance with the terms stated in the initial grant agreements. 
When exercisable, the consideration paid to the equity interest holders is based on the value of the Partnership 
on the date of exercise and will be settled in common shares. 

The  Executive  Chair  holds  a  15%  interest,  that  contains  a  share-based  payment  arrangement  that  vested 
immediately  upon  grant,  in  the  Partnership.  Share-based  compensation  expense  of  $224  (2020  -  $435)  was 
recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss).

Share-Based Compensation Expense

Total  expenses  net  of  recoveries  arising  from  share-based  payment  transactions  recognized  during  the  year 
included in employee costs are as follows: 

Stock options
Restricted share units 
Deferred share units 
Share appreciation rights
Share-based compensation
Used digital retail equity issuance (Note 15)

Page 48  •  AutoCanada  

2021
$
479   
1,048   
638   
1,180   
3,345   
224   
3,569   

2020
$
1,822 
917 
494 
796 
4,029 
435 
4,464 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
31  Share capital

Common shares

Common  shares  of  the  Company  are  voting  shares  and  have  no  par  value.  The  authorized  share  capital  is  an 
unlimited number of shares.

The following table shows the change in common shares held during the years ended:

Issued, beginning of the period
Exercised stock options (Note 30)
Issued,  end of the period

Normal Course Issuer Bid

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2020

Number of 
common shares

Number of 
common shares

$

27,459,683   
33,333   
27,493,016   

510,606   
213   
510,819   

27,459,683   
—   
27,459,683   

$
510,606 
— 
510,606 

On December 20, 2021, the Company received approval from the TSX to commence a Normal Course Issuer Bid
(“NCIB”). The NCIB commenced on December 23, 2021, and will terminate on the earlier of December 22, 2022 
and  the  date  on  which  the  maximum  number  of  common  shares  that  can  be  acquired  pursuant  to  the  NCIB 
have been purchased. Under the NCIB, the Company is authorised to purchase, for cancellation, up to 1,730,321 
common shares, representing approximately 6.3%, of the 27,493,016 issued and outstanding common shares 
of the Company as at December 20, 2021. The Company is limited under the NCIB to purchasing no more than 
36,686 common shares on any given day, subject to the block purchase exemption under the TSX rules. 

In  connection  with  the  NCIB,  the  Company  has  established  an  automatic  repurchase  plan  with  its  designated 
broker to facilitate the purchase of shares under the NCIB at times when the Company would ordinarily not be 
permitted to purchase its shares due to regulatory restrictions or blackout periods.  

No  common  shares  have  been  repurchased  and  cancelled  under  the  NCIB  for  the  year  ended  December  31, 
2021 (Note 38). 

Treasury shares

Shares  are  held  in  trust  to  mitigate  the  risk  of  future  share  price  increases  from  the  time  the  equity-settled 
awards (Note 30) are granted to when they are fully vested and can be exercised. Under the Trust Agreement, 
the third party trustee will administer the distribution of shares to the beneficiaries upon vesting, as directed by 
the  Company.  Dividends  earned  during  the  year  ended December  31,  2021  on  the  shares  held  in  trust  of  $nil 
(2020 - $3) are reinvested to purchase additional shares. The shares held in trust are accounted for as treasury 
shares  and  are  recognized  on  a  first-in-first-out  basis  upon  issuance  and  presented  separately  in  the 
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity.

The following table shows the change in treasury shares held for the years ended:

Outstanding, beginning of the period
Treasury shares acquired
Dividends reinvested
Forward share purchase (Note 28)
Treasury shares settled
Outstanding, end of the period

Dividends

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2020

Number of 
treasury  shares

Number of 
treasury  shares

$

(232,980)   
—   
—   
(329,000)   
318,674   
(243,306)   

(2,494)   
—   
—   
(3,631)   
3,685   
(2,440)   

(28,774)   
(217,350)   
(438)   
—   
13,582   
(232,980)   

$
(716) 
(2,081) 
(3) 
— 
306 
(2,494) 

Dividends  are  discretionary  and  are  determined  based  on  a  number  of  factors.  Dividends  are  subject  to 
approval  of  the  Board  of  Directors.  During  the  year  ended  December  31,  2021,  no  eligible  dividends  (2020  - 
$0.10 per share) on common shares were declared or paid, resulting in total payments of $nil (2020 - $2,743). 

On April 20, 2020, the Company suspended the eligible quarterly dividend per common share. 

Page 49  •  AutoCanada

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings per share

Basic  earnings  per  share  was  calculated  by  dividing  earnings  attributable  to  AutoCanada  shareholders  by  the 
sum  of  the  weighted-average  number  of  common  shares  outstanding  during  the  period.  Basic  earnings  per 
share are adjusted by the dilutive impact of all share based payment plans to calculate the diluted earnings per 
share.

Net income (loss) for the year attributable to AutoCanada shareholders

2021
$

164,207   

2020
$
(7,455) 

The following table shows the weighted-average number of shares outstanding for the years ended:

Basic
Effect of dilution from RSUs
Effect of dilution from stock options 
Effect of dilution from SARs
Diluted

2021
$

27,474,106   
184,738   
1,541,696   
104,752   
29,305,292   

2020
$
27,313,140 
— 
— 
— 
27,313,140 

For the year ended December 31, 2020, potential common shares related to RSUs of (87,051), stock options of 
(729,253), and SARs of (376,670) were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because 
they were anti-dilutive.

32  Capital disclosures

The  Company’s  objective  when  managing  its  capital  is  to  safeguard  the  Company’s  assets  and  its  ability  to 
continue  as  a  going  concern  while  at  the  same  time  maximizing  the  growth  of  the  business,  returns  to 
shareholders, and benefits for other stakeholders. The Company views its capital as the combination of long-
term indebtedness and equity.

The calculation of the Company’s capital is summarized below:

Long-term indebtedness (Note 24)
Equity

December 31, 
2021
$

285,908   
519,409   
805,317   

December 31, 
2020
$
197,166 
362,820 
559,986 

The  Company  manages  its  capital  structure  in  accordance  with  changes  in  economic  conditions  and  the  risk 
characteristics of the underlying assets. In order to maintain or adjust its capital structure, the Company may 
assume additional debt, refinance existing debt with different characteristics, sell assets to reduce debt, issue 
new shares or adjust the amount of dividends paid to its shareholders. The Company was in compliance with its 
debt covenants as at December 31, 2021.

Net indebtedness

Net  indebtedness  is  a  measure  used  by  management  to  evaluate  the  liquidity  of  the  Company.  Net 
indebtedness  is  calculated  as  total  indebtedness  (as  shown  in  the  Consolidated  Statements  of  Financial 
Position), adjusted to remove any associated embedded derivative impacts, less cash and cash equivalents, as 
follows:

Total indebtedness
Embedded derivative asset
Total indebtedness
Cash and cash equivalents
Net Indebtedness

Page 50  •  AutoCanada  

December 31, 
2021
$

December 31, 
2020
$
197,231 
—
197,231 
107,704 

89,527 

285,908   
29,306 
315,214 
102,480   
212,734 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
33  Financial instruments

Details of the significant accounting policies and methods adopted, including the criteria for recognition, the 
basis of measurement and the basis on which income and expenses are recognized, in respect of each class of 
financial  asset  and  financial  liability,  are  disclosed  in  the  significant  accounting  policies  (Note  3).  The 
Company’s financial assets are measured at amortized cost. The Company’s financial liabilities are measured at 
amortized cost except for redemption liabilities and non-hedged interest swaps, which are carried at fair value 
through profit or loss. The carrying values of financial instruments approximate their fair values, excluding the 
senior unsecured notes. The fair value of the senior unsecured notes is $266,563 (2020 - $123,764).

Financial risk management objectives

The  Company’s  activities  are  exposed  to  a  variety  of  financial  risks  of  varying  degrees  of  significance,  which 
could  affect  the  Company’s  ability  to  achieve  its  strategic  objectives.  AutoCanada’s  overall  risk  management 
program  focuses  on  the  unpredictability  of  financial  and  economic  markets  and  seeks  to  reduce  potential 
adverse  effects  on  the  Company’s  financial  performance.  Risk  management  is  carried  out  by  financial 
management  in  conjunction  with  overall  corporate  governance.  The  principal  financial  risks  to  which  the 
Company is exposed are described below.

Market risk

Market risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of 
changes in foreign currency and interest rates.

Foreign currency risk

The  Company  has  operations  in  Canada  and  the  United  States.  Foreign  exchange  risk  arises  from  future 
commercial  transactions  and  recognized  assets  and  liabilities  denominated  in  a  currency  that  is  not  the 
functional  currency  of  the  relevant  entity.  The  Company  is  exposed  to  foreign  exchange  risk  because  its 
Canadian  and  U.S.  operations  engage  in  transactions  denominated  in  a  currency  other  than  their  respective 
functional  currency.  Risk  arises  as  a  result  of  specific  transfers  associated  with  working  capital  between 
Canadian  and  U.S.  operations  as  well  as  wholesale  used  vehicle  transactions  where  Canadian  operations  will 
participate in disciplined cross-border sales when arbitrage opportunities are present.

Interest rate risk

The Company’s exposures to interest rates on financial assets and financial liabilities are detailed in the liquidity 
risk management section herein, the indebtedness note (Note 24), and the derivative financial instruments note 
(Note  26).  The  sensitivity  analysis  below  has  been  determined  based  on  the  exposure  to  interest  rates  at  the 
reporting  date  and  stipulated  change  taking  place  at  the  beginning  of  the  financial  year  and  held  constant 
throughout the reporting period. The amounts below represent the absolute change to the reported account, 
an increase in the basis point would result in a positive amount and a decrease in the basis point would result in 
a negative amount. A 100 basis point change and 200 basis point change is used when reporting interest risk 
internally  to  key  management  personnel  and  represents  management's  assessment  of  the  possible  change  in 
interest rates.

Finance costs
Finance income

Credit risk

+/- 200 Basis Point

+/- 100 Basis Point

2021
$
7,971   
16   

2020
$
8,916 
16 

2021
$

3,986   
8   

2020
$
4,458 
8 

The Company’s exposure to credit risk associated with its accounts receivable is the risk that a customer will be 
unable  to  pay  amounts  due  to  the  Company.  Concentration  of  credit  risk  with  respect  to  contracts-in-transit 
and accounts receivable is limited primarily to automobile manufacturers and financial institutions. Credit risk 
arising  from  receivables  with  commercial  customers  is  not  significant  due  to  the  large  number  of  customers 
dispersed across various geographic locations comprising the Company's customer base. Details of the aging 
of the Company’s trade and other receivables are disclosed in the table below. 

The  Company  applies  the  simplified  approach  to  measuring  expected  credit  losses,  which  uses  a  lifetime 
expected  credit  loss  allowance  for  all  trade  receivables.  The  expected  loss  rates  are  based  on  the  payment 
profiles  of  sales  over  the  12-month  periods  prior  to  December  31,  2021  and  December  31,  2020  and  the 
corresponding historical credit losses experienced within these periods.

Page 51  •  AutoCanada

 
 
 
 
The loss allowance for trade receivables as at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 was determined as 
follows: 

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2020

Expected 
loss rate
%
0.05  
2.13  
4.82  
9.91  
10.25  

Gross carrying 
amount - Trade 
receivables
$

97,407   
12,471   
8,215   
2,062   
15,236   

135,391 

Expected 
loss 
allowance 
(Note 17)
$
52 
266 
395 
204 
1,561 
2,478 

Expected 
loss rate
%
0.05  
2.05  
4.56  
7.23  
7.31  

Gross carrying 
amount - Trade 
receivables
$

84,470   
9,840   
6,388   
1,495   
18,447   

120,640 

Expected 
loss 
allowance 
(Note 17)
$
40 
202 
292 
108 
1,348 
1,990 

Current
31 - 60 days
61 - 90 days
91 - 120 days
> 120 days
Total

The closing loss allowance for trade receivables reconciles to the opening loss allowance as follows:

Balance,  January 1
Loan loss allowance recognized in profit or loss during the year
Receivables written off during the year
Additional amount recorded
Balance,  December 31

2021
$

1,990 
2,984   
(2,475)   
(21)   

2,478 

2020
$

1,869 
3,474 
(2,640) 
(713) 
1,990 

The amounts disclosed on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position for accounts receivable are net of 
the  expected  loss  allowance,  details  of  which  are  disclosed  in  Note  17.  When  a  trade  and  other  receivable  is 
uncollectible,  it  is  written  off  against  the  allowance  account  for  trade  and  other  receivables.  Subsequent 
recoveries  of  amounts  previously  written  off  are  credited  against  operating  expenses  in  the  Consolidated 
Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss).

Concentration of cash and cash equivalents exist due to the significant amount of cash held with a Canadian 
financial  institution  (refer  to  Note  16  for  further  discussion  of  the  Company’s  concentration  of  cash  held  on 
deposit with the financial institution). The syndicated revolving floorplan facility (Note 24) allows the Company's 
dealerships to hold excess cash (used to satisfy working capital requirements of the Company's various Original 
Equipment  Manufacturer  ("OEM")  partners)  in  an  account  with  the  financial  institution  which  bears  interest  at 
1.488%  at  December  31,  2021  (2020  -  1.519%).  These  cash  balances  are  fully  accessible  by  the  Company's 
dealerships at any time; however, in the event of a default by a dealership in its floorplan obligation; the cash 
may be used to offset unpaid balances under the facility. As a result, there is a concentration of cash balances 
risk to the Company in the event of a default under the facility.

Liquidity risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company is not able to meet its financial obligations as they become due or can 
do so only at excessive cost. The Company’s activity is financed through a combination of the cash flows from 
operations,  borrowing  under  existing  credit  facilities  and  the  issuance  of  equity.  Prudent  liquidity  risk 
management  implies  maintaining  sufficient  cash  and  cash  equivalents  and  the  availability  of  funding  through 
adequate amounts of committed credit facilities. One of management’s primary goals is to maintain an optimal 
level of liquidity through the active management of the assets and liabilities as well as cash flows.

The Company has renegotiated certain financial liabilities and put in place new facilities to manage liquidity risk 
in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The steps taken by the Company to respond to possible future liquidity 
constraints  arising  from  the  COVID-19  pandemic  and  the  impact  of  those  steps  on  the  consolidated  financial 
statements are summarized in Note 24.

As  at  December  31,  2021,  the  Company  has  $160,000  (2020  -  $104,877)  in  readily  available  liquidity  from  its 
revolving term facility. However, the Company's ability to borrow under this facility requires it to comply with 
its financial covenants. 

Page 52  •  AutoCanada  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The  following  tables  detail  the  Company’s  remaining  contractual  maturity  for  its  financial  liabilities.  The 
amounts  below  have  been  determined  based  on  the  undiscounted  contractual  maturities  of  the  financial 
liabilities.

2022
$

2023
$

2024
$

2025
$

Thereafter
$

Total
$

December 31, 2021
Trade and other payables
Revolving floorplan facilities
Vehicle repurchase obligations
Indebtedness
Contractual interest payable
Lease liabilities
Derivative financial instruments

December 31, 2020
Trade and other payables
Revolving floorplan facilities
Vehicle repurchase obligations
Indebtedness
Contractual interest payable
Lease liabilities
Derivative financial instruments

189,731   
708,561   
3,584   
—   
23,622   
54,561   
3,357   
  983,416   

—   
—   
—   
101   
23,622   
53,420   
2,860   
80,003   

—   
—   
—   

—   
—   
—   
65,000    250,000   
2,539   
22,380   
48,740   
51,656   
428   
2,111   
141,147    301,707   

—   
—   
—   
—   
—   

189,731 
708,561 
3,584 
315,101 
72,163 
534,428    742,805 
8,756 
534,428    2,040,701 

—   

2021
$

2022
$

2023
$

2024
$

Thereafter
$

Total
$

137,510   
761,943   
4,526   
53   
13,560   
47,819   
7,514   
  972,925   

—   
—   
—   
6,921   
13,560   
46,551   
5,480   
72,512   

—   
—   
—   
70,176   
13,560   
44,930   
5,182   
133,848   

—   
—   
—   
53   
10,959   
43,037   
3,641   
57,690   

— 
—   
—   

137,510
761,943 
4,526 
125,661    202,864 
53,489 
403,008    585,345 
22,607 
531,309    1,768,284 

1,850   

790   

34  Fair value of financial instruments

The  Company’s  financial  instruments  as  at December  31,  2021  are  represented  by  cash  and  cash  equivalents, 
trade  and  other  receivables,  trade  and  other  payables,  revolving  floorplan  facilities,  vehicle  repurchase 
obligations,  long-term  indebtedness,  bank  indebtedness,  an  embedded  derivative,  contingent  consideration, 
redemption liabilities, hedging derivatives, and non-hedge interest swaps.

The  fair  values  of  cash  and  cash  equivalents,  trade  and  other  receivables,  trade  and  other  payables,  and 
revolving floorplan facilities approximate their carrying values due to their short-term nature.

Long-term indebtedness has a fixed-rate portion but the carrying value is not materially different from its fair 
value. 

The embedded derivative (Level 2) included within indebtedness (Note 24) is carried at fair value using the Hull 
White pricing model. The increase in the fair value of the embedded derivative is largely due to an improvement 
in the Company's credit spread.

Derivative  financial  instruments  are  made  up  of  interest  rate  swaps  and  foreign  exchange  forward  contracts 
(Level 2). The fair value of interest rate swaps are calculated as the present value of the future cash flows. Both 
contractually agreed payments and forward interest rates are used to calculate the cash flows, which are then 
discounted on the basis of a yield curve that is observable in the market.

Redemption liabilities (Level 3) are remeasured at fair value each reporting period with the gain or loss being 
recognized through profit or loss (Note 15).

The fair value was determined based on the prevailing and comparable market interest rates.

Page 53  •  AutoCanada

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The fair value hierarchy categorizes fair value measurements into three levels based on the inputs to valuation 
technique, which are defined as follows:

● Level 1 – Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
● Level 2 – Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or 

liability, either directly (that is, as prices) or indirectly (that is, derived from prices).

● Level  3  –  Inputs  for  the  asset  or  liability  that  are  not  based  on  observable  market  data  (that  is, 

unobservable inputs).

There were no transfers between the levels of the fair value hierarchy during the year.

35  Related party transactions

Transactions with companies controlled by Directors 

During the year, there were transactions with companies whose partners or senior officers are Directors of the 
Company or related to Directors of the Company. These counterparties are: 

●  Business associates of the Executive Chairman who provide consulting services; 
●  A  vehicle  wholesale  and  export  business,  controlled  by  the  Executive  Chairman,  that  supplies  used 

vehicle inventory to the Company;

●  A  firm,  whose  controlling  partner  is  the  Executive  Chairman,  that  provides  administrative,  limited 

transportation, and other support services; and

●  A  company  that  is  controlled  by  a  family  member  of  the  President,  which  provides  the  sourcing  of 

customer leads. 

All  significant  transactions  between  AutoCanada  and  companies  related  to  Directors  were  approved  by  the 
Company's Board of Directors and are based on normal commercial terms and conditions. A summary of these 
transactions is as follows: 

Consulting services, administrative and other support and sourcing fees
Used vehicle inventory purchases

2021
$
2,175   
5,997   
8,172   

2020
$
1,151 
— 
1,151 

Executive Advance

During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company issued a $2,000 Executive Advance to the President, 
collateralized by the President's outstanding stock options under the Company's existing Stock Option Plan (the 
"Plan").  The  Executive  Advance  is  repayable  in  full  on  the  earlier  of  i)  March  31,  2022,  or  ii)  the  exercise  and 
settlement of the President's outstanding stock options under the Plan. Interest is payable annually at a rate of 
1%.  The  Executive  Advance  was  considered  to  represent  an  advance  against  share-based  compensation 
secured against the Company's own shares and is treated as an equity instrument rather than an asset of the 
Company (Note 30).

Used Digital Retail Division

During  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020,  the  firm  controlled  by  the  Executive  Chairman  was  issued  a  15% 
common interest in the Partnership created as a part of the digital retail strategy (Note 13), which vested at the 
time of grant (Note 30). Changes in the value of the 15% interest are recorded in Operating expenses.  

Page 54  •  AutoCanada  

 
 
 
Key management personnel compensation

Key  management  personnel  consists  of  the  Company's  executive  officers  and  directors.  Key  management 
personnel compensation is as follows:

Employee costs (including Directors)
Short-term employee benefits
Partnership interest
Share-based compensation

2021
$

5,290   
67   
224   
806   
6,387   

2020
$
4,029 
108 
435 
1,327 
5,899 

36  Net change in non-cash working capital

The following table summarizes the net increase (decrease) in cash due to changes in non-cash working capital 
for the years ended: 

Trade and other receivables
Inventories
Current tax recoverable/payable
Other current assets
Other liabilities
Trade and other payables
Revolving floorplan facilities

December 31, 
2021
$

(7,810)   
(5,055)   
—   
(1,078)   
(1,589)   
40,594   
(68,469)   
(43,407)   

December 31, 
2020
$
14,711 
137,036 
(152) 
(229) 
172 
(8,130) 
(72,443) 
70,965 

Factors that can affect these items include seasonal sales trends, strategic decisions regarding inventory levels, 
the addition of new dealerships, and the day of the week on which period-end cut-offs occur.

37    Segmented reporting

During  the  year  ended  December  31,  2021,  the  Executive  Chairman  served  as  the  function  of  the  Chief 
Operating  Decision  Maker  (CODM).  The  Executive  Chairman  is  responsible  for  allocating  resources  and 
assessing the performance of the following segments: Canadian Operations and U.S. Operations.

Each reportable operating segment is comprised of retail automobile dealerships and related businesses.

Transactions  between  reportable  segments  are  accounted  for  in  accordance  with  the  accounting  policies 
described in the summary of significant accounting policies. 

The Company's CODM measures the performance of each operating segment based on operating profit (loss). 
The segmented information is set out in the following tables:

Year ended December 31, 2021

Year ended December 31, 2020

Canada 1
$

U.S.
$

Total
$

Canada 1
$

U.S.
$

Total
$

Revenues

External revenues

3,970,517   

682,898   

4,653,415 

2,977,149   

356,009   

3,333,158 

Inter-segment revenue  
Total revenues

—   
3,970,517   

—   
682,898   

— 
4,653,415 

(3,664)   
2,973,485   

—   
356,009   

(3,664) 
3,329,494 

1  AutoCanada's corporate office has been included with the Canadian Operations segment, as it is located in Canada.

Page 55  •  AutoCanada

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Year ended December 31, 
2021

Year ended December 31, 
2020

Canada 1
$

U.S.
$

Total
$

Canada 1
$

U.S.
$

Total
$

Operating profit before other income 
(expense)

  192,838   

28,736    221,574 

  87,692   

(2,029)    85,663 

Lease and other income, net (Note 10)

8,078   

957   

9,035 

(Loss) gain on disposal of assets, net (Note 10)

(387)   

—   

(387) 

6,744   

1,563   

642   

(193)   

7,386 

1,370 

Recoveries (impairment) of non-financial assets 
(Note 21)
Operating profit

—    39,846 
  39,846   
  240,375    29,693    270,068 

(15,312)   
  80,687   

(8,895)   
(10,475)   

(24,207) 
70,212 

Finance costs (Note 11)

Finance income (Note 11)

(Loss) gain on redemption liabilities (Note 15)

Other losses

Net income (loss) for the year before tax

(35,189) 

810 

(14,116) 

(353) 
  221,220 

(72,505) 

808 

762 
(482) 

(1,205) 

1  AutoCanada's corporate office has been included with the Canadian Operations segment, as it is located in Canada. 

Assets held for sale (Note 19)

Segment assets

Capital expenditures and 
acquisition of real estate (Note 
20)
Segment liabilities

As at December 31, 2021

As at December 31, 2020

Canada 1
$
—   

U.S.
$
—   

Total
$
— 

Canada 1
$

1,039   

U.S.
$
—   

Total
$
1,039 

  1,969,692   

28,763   

288,981   
6,408   

2,258,673 
35,171 

1,684,941   

232,422   

1,917,363 

20,667   

299   

20,966 

  1,276,430   

462,834   

1,739,264 

1,252,100   

302,443   

1,554,543 

1  AutoCanada's corporate office has been included with the Canadian Operations segment, as it is located in Canada.

Disaggregation of revenue

The  significant  majority  of  the  Company's  revenue  is  from  contracts  with  customers.  Taxes  assessed  by 
governmental authorities that are directly imposed on revenue transactions are excluded from revenue. In the 
following table, revenue is disaggregated by major lines of goods and services and timing of transfer of goods 
and services. The Company has determined that these categories depict how the nature, amount, timing, and 
uncertainty  of  its  revenue  and  cash  flows  are  affected  by  economic  factors.  The  table  below  also  includes  a 
reconciliation of the disaggregated revenue with the Company's reportable segments:

New vehicles

Used vehicles

As at December 31, 2021

As at December 31, 2020

Canada 1
$

U.S.
$

  1,639,894   

323,987   

Total
$
1,963,881 

Canada 1
$

U.S.
$

1,528,915   

204,976   

Total
$
1,733,891 

1,675,342   

262,199   

1,937,541 

923,192   

87,689   

1,010,881 

Parts, service and collision repair

426,927   

57,712    484,639 

361,472   

48,499   

409,971 

Finance, insurance and other

228,354   

39,000   

267,354 

159,906   

14,845   

174,751 

Total revenue

  3,970,517   

682,898    4,653,415 

  2,973,485    356,009    3,329,494 

1  AutoCanada's corporate office has been included with the Canadian Operations segment, as it is located in Canada.

Page 56  •  AutoCanada  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
38  Subsequent events

Amended and Extended Credit Facilities

On February 7, 2022, the Company amended the $1,300 million syndicated credit agreement with Scotiabank, 
CIBC, RBC, HSBC, ATB, BMO, and The Toronto-Dominion Bank ("TD"), while maintaining its existing specified-use 
tranches  and  facility  limits.  The  amendment  included  changes  to  the  interest  rate  structure,  covenants,  and 
other  administrative  and  structural  changes  to  add  flexibility  to  meet  the  Company's  operational  needs  on  an 
ongoing  basis.  Concurrently,  the  amendment  was  also  executed  to  support  both  the  Issuance  of  the  $350 
million  senior  unsecured  notes  issued  on  February  7,  2022  and  the  repayment  of  the  previous  $250  million 
senior unsecured notes. The Credit Facility term was also extended to April 14, 2025.

Senior Unsecured Notes 

On February 7, 2022, the Company issued Senior Unsecured Notes ("the New Issuance Notes") of $350 million 
aggregate  principal  amount  at  5.75%.  to  fund  a  redemption  of  the  then  outstanding  $250  million  Notes  (Note 
24). The Company redeemed the full $250 million outstanding balance on February 10, 2022. The New Issuance 
Notes have a term of seven years and mature on February 7, 2029. Interest is payable semi-annually on February 
7  and  August  7  of  each  year  the  New  Issuance  Notes  are  outstanding.  Concurrent  with  the  redemption  of  the 
Notes, the associated embedded derivative was extinguished.

Normal Course Issuer Bid

As at March 2, 2022, the Company repurchased and cancelled 542,401 shares under the Normal Course Issuer 
Bid (“NCIB”) (Note 31) for $20 million. 

Page 57  •  AutoCanada

AutoCanada Inc.
200 - 15511 123 Avenue NW
Edmonton, AB • T5V 0C3 www.autocan.ca