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FY2009 Annual Report · Cushman & Wakefield
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9

Report & Accounts

Year ended 31 March
2009

Registered office: Helsinki Road, Sutton Fields, Hull HU7 0YW  
Tel. 01482 372000

www.cranswick.co.uk

 
 
 
 
 
 
Cranswick was formed in the 1970s by farmers in East Yorkshire to produce 
animal  feed.  The  Company  went  on  to  the  Stock  Market  in  1985  and 
since  that  time  has  evolved  into  a  business  that  is  highly  focused  on  the 
food  sector. Activities  include  the  supply  of  fresh  pork,  gourmet  sausages, 
charcuterie,  cooked  meats,  sandwiches  and  traditional  dry  cured  bacon.  
This now represents 100 percent of sales as the pet and aquatics business 
was sold subsequent to the year end and has been treated as discontinued.

Financial highlights

Turnover
(£m)

606.8

559.2

Profit before tax*
(£m)

Earnings per share*
(pence)

Dividends per share
(pence)

34.7

32.2

53.7

21.7

49.1

19.9

2008 2009

2008 2009

2008 2009

2008 2009

•	 Turnover	from	continuing	operations	up	9	per	cent	to	£607m

•	 Profit	before	tax	from	continuing	operations	up	8	per	cent	at	£34.7m*	

•	

Increase	of	9	per	cent	in	earnings	per	share	from	continuing	operations	to	53.7p*

•	 Dividend	up	9	per	cent	to	21.7p	per	share

*Before exceptional items

Contents

Chairman’s statement 

Review of activities 

Group operating and financial review 

Group Directors and business locations 

Directors 

Directors’ report  

Corporate governance statement 

Directors’ remuneration report  

Corporate social responsibility statement  

Statement of Directors’ responsibilities in relation to the financial statements  

Report of the auditors to the members of Cranswick plc  

Group income statement  

Group statement of recognised income and expense  

Company statement of recognised income and expense  

Group balance sheet 

Company balance sheet 

Group cash flow statement 

Company cash flow statement  

Notes to the accounts 

Advisers 

Shareholder information 

Shareholder analysis  

Professional awards 

Production facilities 

3

7

9

16

17

19

25

31

35

37

38

40

41

41

42

43

44

45

46

84

85 

86

87

88

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

1

Cranswick’s record of growth has 
continued during the past year

2

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

Chairman’s statement
Continued development

I am pleased to be reporting to Shareholders 
that  Cranswick’s  record  of  growth  has 
continued during the past year.

by Cranswick’s admission to the FTSE 250 during the year 
which increases the potential investor base.

Cash generation strong

Total  sales  increased  by  9  per  cent  to  £653  million.  In 
the prior year sales included almost two months trading 
in the animal feed business which was sold in May 2007. 
Adjusting for this the underlying increase in sales was 10 
per cent. Total profit before tax and exceptional items rose 
9 per cent to £36.7 million. The published figures do not 
take this form because the pet business, which was sold 
subsequent to the March 2009 year end, has been treated 
as a discontinued activity in accordance with International 
Financial  Reporting  Standard  (IFRS)  5.  The  pet  business 
had  an  encouraging  year  and  sales  for  the  year  were  17 
per cent ahead at £46.5 million.

Reported sales for the continuing food business increased 9 
per cent to £607 million. There were a number of challenges 
in  the  year  including  inflation,  the  impact  of  sterling’s 
devaluation and the pressures faced by the consumer as 
a  result  of  the  difficult  economic  environment.  Sales  of 
pork products have proved resilient in the face of this not 
least because of pork’s competitive pricing by comparison 
to other meats. Sales increases were seen across each of 
the main food categories.

Profit before tax in the continuing business rose 8 per cent 
to £34.7 million from £32.2 million last year. Last year’s 
figure is stated prior to the exceptional gain recorded on 
asset disposals and the sale of the animal feed business. 
Earnings per share rose 9 per cent to 53.7p per share on the 
same basis. In my Report to Shareholders last year I drew 
attention  to  rising  raw  material  prices.  These  were  dealt 
with either by absorption through efficiency gains, passed 
on by way of higher selling prices or by a combination of 
both. There has been further inflation during 2009 which 
is being handled similarly.

The cash generated from operations was extremely strong 
at £53.4 million, up from £40.2 million the previous year. 
Working capital reduced by £0.4 million which was pleasing 
given the strong growth in sales. Tax, interest and dividend 
payments amounted to £21.0 million, and the cash spent 
on the purchase of fixed assets, as part of the strategy for 
continued growth, was £20.9 million following the £25.3 
million  spent  the  previous  year.  This  generated  a  cash 
inflow  of  £10.9  million,  leaving  year-end  borrowings  of 
£66.6 million, 40 per cent of shareholders’ funds. Interest 
cover improved from 8.4 times to 10.4 times. 

In  December  the  Company  agreed  new  bank  facilities 
for  three  years.  As  a  result,  the  Company  is  well  placed 
to  continue  its  long-term  growth  strategy  through  a 
combination  of  further  investment  in  fixed  assets  and 
acquisitions,  as  typified  by  the  recently  announced 
purchase of Bowes of Norfolk Limited, subject to clearance 
by the Competition Authorities.   

Dividend increased

The Board is proposing an increase in the final dividend of 
10  per  cent  to  14.7p  per  ordinary  share.  Along  with  the 
interim  dividend  of  7.0p  per  share  paid  in  January  2009 
this makes a total for the year of 21.7p per ordinary share, 
an  increase  of  9  per  cent  on  last  year’s  19.9p.  The  final 
dividend,  if  approved  by  Shareholders,  will  be  paid  on  4 
September  2009  to  Shareholders  on  the  register  at  the 
close of business on 3 July 2009. Shares will go ex-dividend 
on 1 July 2009. Shareholders will again have the option to 
receive the dividend by way of scrip issue.

Strategy

This has been a successful year for the Company and the 
continued  development  of  the  business  was  recognised 

The Board’s strategy for the development of the business 
has  delivered  rising  profits  and  strong  returns  for 

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

3

Cranswick is now fully 
focused on the food 
business

4

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

The past year has seen 
continued growth for 
Cranswick

34.7

31.1

32.7

33.0

21.6

21.2

19.8

17.5

11.7

9.3

7.1

Profit before tax 
1990-2009 (£m)

5.0

4.0

3.0

3.1

2.2

2.3

1.7

1.4

0.9

‘90 ‘91

‘92

‘93

‘94

‘95

‘96

‘97

‘98

‘99

‘00

‘01

‘02

‘03

‘04

‘05

‘06

‘07

‘08

‘09

Shareholders.  Over  the  past  10  years  compound  annual 
rates  of  growth  in  total  sales,  profit  before  tax,  earnings 
per share and dividends per share have all been well into 
double digits.

and has been Finance Director since 1993. The Board would 
like to thank John for his invaluable advice and guidance 
during  a  period  which  saw  turnover  of  the  business  rise 
from £110 million to £653 million, and to wish him well 
for the years ahead.

The strategy has been to develop a range of complementary 
activities,  in  growing  sectors  of  the  market,  emanating 
from the Company’s origins in pig feed and pig production. 
This has seen the business develop, by way of acquisitions 
and  organically,  a  strong  presence  in  the  food  sector. 
The activities in the pet sector evolved from the original 
agribusiness activity.

In recent years the original agribusiness activity was sold 
and the decision was made last year to focus fully on the 
food business. Last month the Board announced the sale 
of  the  pet  activities,  following  a  competitive  process,  to 
a  management  buy-out  (MBO)  team  and  that  contracts 
had been exchanged for the acquisition of the Bowes of 
Norfolk pork processing business.

The  MBO  is  headed  up  by  Derek  Black,  previously  main 
board  director  responsible  for  the  pet  division,  and  Paul 
West, managing director of Tropical Marine Centre.

Mark  Bottomley,  Group  Financial  Controller, 
joined 
Cranswick in January 2008 and will be appointed Finance 
Director on John’s retirement. Mark qualified as a chartered 
accountant with Binder Hamlyn and has wide commercial 
experience including time spent within the food sector. 

Staff

I mentioned earlier in my Statement the challenges that 
the  business  successfully  confronted  during  the  year.  It 
is  a  tribute  to  the  staff  that  this  was  achieved.  Around 
the Company we have a number of management teams 
each of which are strongly supported by their respective 
colleagues and on behalf of the Board I thank you all for 
your expertise and commitment once again. I would also 
like  to  thank  all  employees  in  the  pet  activity  for  their 
endeavours over the years and wish them enjoyment and 
success in the business under its new ownership.

Board changes

Outlook

Derek  Black  resigned  from  the  Board  on  completion  of 
the sale of the pet business. The Board offers its thanks to 
Derek for the 29 years of service he gave to the Company, 
including  21  years  as  a  Director.  Derek’s  enthusiasm  for 
the business initially in the grain trading activity, prior to 
its  sale,  and  subsequently  in  the  pet  business  has  been 
limitless and we wish him well going forward.

Cranswick has a well invested asset base, is strongly cash 
generative, has skilled operational management teams and 
is positioned in a number of growth categories of the food 
sector.  The  Company  has  commenced  the  new  financial 
year  in  line  with  management  expectations  and  is  well 
placed to continue its successful development.

John Lindop is retiring at the end of May on reaching the 
age of 60 years. John has been with Cranswick for 17 years 

Martin Davey 
Chairman,  
18 May 2009

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

5

Total external sales grew by 
9 per cent to £607 million

6

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

Review of activities 
by the Chief Executive, Bernard Hoggarth

The continued growth in sales is pleasing to report. Total 
external sales grew by 9 per cent to £607 million. Internal 
sales within the Group have risen and totalled in excess of 
£87 million. Internal sales consist predominantly of primal 
fresh pork to the further processing sites where it’s used 
in the production of cooked meats, sausage and air-dried 
bacon. Sales to retail multiple customers and discounters 
also grew and these together represent over 82 per cent 
of total sales. The balance is divided between food service 
and third party food producers.

Raw  material  inflation  was  a  feature  of  the  year  and 
dealing  with  this  involved  the  achievement  of  improved 
operating efficiencies, pricing discussions with customers 
or  a  combination  of  both.  Inflation  has  resurfaced  in 
recent months. Demand for British pork is strong and has 
been favourably publicised by a number of celebrity chefs 
including  Jamie  Oliver.  Coupled  with  a  national  pig  herd 
at relatively low levels, in fact less than half the level of 
12 years ago, this has impacted pricing. Inflation has also 
been  influenced  by  the  weakness  of  sterling  against  the 
euro resulting in a higher price for pig meat imported into 
the UK from traditional sources. Despite this the consumer 
continues to find pork an attractive proposition compared 
to  other  proteins  such  as  beef  and  lamb  on  both  price 
and health criteria. There is unlikely to be any significant 
change in the pork supply side in the short term given that 
the  minimum  lead  time  for  pig  production  expansion  is 
about twelve months.

Cranswick is well known as a quality producer and supplier 
of pork based products. The portfolio of products embraces 
premium, standard plus, standard and value products and 
meets  the  requirements  of  the  consumer  in  the  current 
economic  environment.  Substantial  volumes  have  been 
supplied to customers for ‘round pound’ promotions and 
equally encouraging has been the volumes at the premium 
end for the ‘stay-in and dine’ consumer. Whether it is  a 
gourmet meal at home or a value ham pack for sandwiches 
it’s in the product range.

The  upgraded  primary  processing  plant  for  fresh  pork 
referred to previously is due for completion early in 2010. 
The investment in the plant will make an industry leading 
facility  of  what  is  already  the  largest  single  site  fresh 
pork processor in the UK. During the year we successfully 
assisted  our  major  pig  producers  to  achieve  ‘Freedom 
Foods’ accreditation across their production units and the 
resulting pork is supplied as part of our range of premium 
fresh pork. High welfare standards have been a key feature 
in  broadening  the  customer  base  for  fresh  pork  and 
contributed to a rise of 14 per cent in sales.

There has been much focus on developing sales from the 
new  bacon  factory  at  Sherburn  and  this  has  been  helped 
by the consumer’s increased willingness to buy British. The 
customer base has been developed further using a 180 year 
old recipe from Richard Woodall’s artisan bacon operation 
based  in  Cumbria.  All  these  products  are  air-dried  and 
matured in a similar process to that used for the Jack Scaife 
branded bacon, produced at Sherburn. This and the launch of 
traditional Wiltshire cured products into customers’ ranges 
have all helped to generate sales growth of 14 per cent in 
the year with further growth expected. Recent weeks have 
seen volumes double those of a year ago.

Growth  within  cooked  meats  has  been  predominantly 
within  the  major  grocery  retailers  and  promotional 
programmes,  including  ‘round  pound’  offers  and  the  use 
of tertiary brands have contributed to a sales increase of 4 
per cent. Capacity has been increased during the year and 
work  is  continuing  at  both  the  Valley  Park  and  Deeside 
sites.  During  the  year  the  lease  ended  at  the  Elland 
facility  where  historically  cooked  poultry  products  were 
produced.  This  has  now  been  totally  integrated  into  the 
Deeside  operation.  The  freehold  of  the  7  acre  (105,000 
sq  ft  factory)  Milton  Keynes  site  was  recently  acquired, 
showing savings over previous lease costs.

Sausage  sales  were  up  8  per  cent  in  the  year  helped  by 
increased  customer  penetration  of  both  the  premium 

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

7

Our Premier Deli range of continental 
products has been a great success

pre-pack  and  counter  categories  with  leading  retailers 
and  discounters.  ‘Simply  Sausage’,  which  is  a  Cranswick 
brand, achieved listings with two leading grocery retailers 
and supply of ‘Weight Watchers’ sausage and ‘The Black 
Farmer’ under licence continues, with ‘Weight Watchers’ 
recently gaining additional listings.

The Sandwich Factory had a difficult year, but remained 
profitable.  There  was  significant  inflation  in  input  costs 
and  whilst  there  was  some  reduction  in  volumes  during 
the second half, sales for the year were 11 per cent ahead 
of  the  previous  year.  The  weakness  of  sterling  had  a 
negative  impact  on  the  cost  of  tuna,  prawns,  packaging 
and  seasonally  imported  salads,  putting  pressure  on 
margins. A more stable pricing environment is anticipated 
in the current year, new listings have been achieved and 
the focus on efficiency continues.

The  product  range  at  Continental  Fine  Foods  is  largely 
supplied  from  Europe  and  the  continuing  weakness  of 
sterling meant the business had to deal with raw material 
inflation  on  an  ongoing  basis.  This  inevitably  leads  to 
pricing  discussions  with  customers  and  it  is  pleasing  to 

report that in the main the situation was understood and 
most  have  been  supportive.  During  the  year  a  greater 
presence  was  developed  in  the  cheese  category  with 
listings achieved for Italian cheeses. There has been strong 
growth in antipasti and olive ranges and our own branded 
Premier Deli range of continental packs has been a great 
success with  its ‘credit crunch’  pricing.  Large volumes  of 
corned beef have also been sold with sole supply in certain 
areas. Given the trading environment during the year it is 
a credit to the Continental team that sales have continued 
to rise, in the last year by an encouraging 12 per cent, and 
the history of strong growth has continued.

In  summary  the  teams  have  had  to  deal  with  a  number 
of  challenges,  but  despite  this,  record  results  have  been 
achieved and all employees must be congratulated. Costs 
have been reviewed rigorously and all major expenditure 
from  packaging  to  power  continues  to  be  monitored.  I 
feel  that  with  the  completion  of  the  Bowes  acquisition, 
expanding  product  portfolios,  industry  leading  facilities 
and  the  continued  commitment  and  dedication  of 
our  excellent  teams,  the  business  can  look  forward  to 
continuing its successful development.

8

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

Group operating  
and financial review

Nature, objectives and strategies

The Group’s business

Business objectives

Following the disposal of the pet activities as referred to 
below, the Group’s operations are focused entirely on the 
production and supply of food products. The performance 
of the individual food operations in the year is discussed 
in the Review of activities on pages 7 to 8. The business 
operates  entirely  in  the  UK,  although  a  small  proportion 
of  sales  are  exported.  It  manufactures  a  range  of  high 
quality,  predominantly  fresh  products  including  fresh 
pork,  sausages,  bacon  and  cooked  meats  for  sale  to  the 
high street food retailers. It also supplies a range of pre-
sliced,  pre-packaged  charcuterie  products  for  sale  into 
these  same  customers,  together  with  a  range  of  pre-
packed  sandwiches  predominantly  for  sale  into  food 
service  outlets.  The  markets  in  which  the  food  business 
operates  are  competitive  both  in  terms  of  pricing  from 
fellow  suppliers  and  the  retail  environment  in  general. 
The  UK  food  retail  market  is  known  to  be  amongst  the 
most  competitive  in  the  world.  Despite  this,  Cranswick 
has a long record of increasing sales and profits through 
a  combination  of  investing  in  modern  efficient  factories, 
developing a range of quality products and making sound 
acquisitions. The businesses are under the control of stable, 
experienced and talented operational management teams 
supported by a skilled workforce. 

Environmental matters

The Directors believes that good environmental practices 
support the Board’s strategy by enhancing the reputation 
of the Group, the efficiency of production and the quality 
of  products.  The  industry  is  subject  to  a  range  of  UK 
and  EU  legislation.  Environmental  standards  are  being 
tightened on a regular basis and require increasing levels 
of  investment.  Compliance  imposes  costs  and  prolonged 
failure  to  comply  could  materially  affect  the  Group’s 
ability to operate.

Further information on the Group’s policies on minimising 
its environmental impact is given in our Corporate Social 
Responsibility Statement on page 35 and 36.

It is the Board’s view that meeting the following business 
objectives  is  key  to  achieving  the  financial  and  non-
financial measures that increase Shareholder value:
•	

innovative,  quality  products 

Delivering 
customers
Maintaining  the  highest  level  of  service  to  our 
customers
Improving operational efficiency
Securing employee health and safety
Maximising returns on investment

to  our 

•	

•	
•	
•	

Business strategies

The Group’s market strategy is to focus primarily on the 
growing quality end of the markets in which we operate, 
to  establish  meaningful  and  long-lasting  relationships 
with  our  major  customers  by  a  combination  of  product 
development and high service levels and to invest in quality 
facilities and the latest equipment to enable us to operate 
as  efficiently  as  possible.  Each  operating  unit  within  the 
Group  is  given  the  responsibility  for  developing  its  own 
plans to deliver the objectives of the Group with particular 
emphasis on growing sales through product innovation and 
high  service  levels,  improving  operational  efficiency  and 
securing employee health and safety. The role of the Board 
in  achieving  Group  objectives  is  to  support  operational 
management and to identify suitable acquisitions that will 
take the Group into new and growing areas of the market, 
will open up new customer relationships to the Group or 
will consolidate existing market positions.

Business KPIs

The  Board  has  assessed  that  the  following  KPIs  are  the 
most effective measures of progress towards achieving the 
Group’s objectives. A report on performance against these 
KPIs is given on page 10.

•	

Organic sales growth – year on year increase in sales 

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

9

revenue  excluding  the  impact  of  acquisitions  and 
disposals.
Gross return on sales – gross profit as a percentage of 
sales revenue
Net return on sales – operating profit as a percentage 
of sales revenue
Free cash flow – cash generated from operations less 
tax and interest paid
Maximising returns on investment

•	

•	

•	

•	

Current  and  future  development 
and performance

Business development and performance

The key features of the year have been the record profit 
before  tax  for  the  Group  and  the  continuing  strong 
cash  generation  from  operating  activities.  The  record  of 
unbroken  growth  in  profits  now  goes  back  more  than 
20  years.  The  trading  environment  in  which  we  operate 
has  remained  challenging;  in  particular  we  experienced 
delays in passing on increases in raw material costs earlier 
in  the  year  and  sterling’s  devaluation  against  the  euro 
impacted in the second half, particularly in respect of our 
Charcuterie  products.  We  have  experienced  continuing 
competitor pressure although the efficiencies that we are 
achieving as we put extra volumes through our factories 
have mitigated to some extent against those pressures. In 
addition we have made good progress in recovering cost 
price increases.

Group revenue

Total Group revenue

Less:  Revenue  from  discontinued 
operations

Group  revenue  from  continuing 
operations

2009

£m

653.3

2008

£m

598.9

(46.5)

(39.7)

606.8

559.2

The  Group’s  revenue  from  continuing  operations,  which 
relates entirely to the Group’s food activities has increased 
by 9 per cent. Sales of fresh pork have grown by 14 per 
cent,  sausages  by  8  per  cent,  bacon  by  14  per  cent, 
cooked  meats  by  4  per  cent,  charcuterie  by  12  per  cent 
and  sandwiches  by  11  per  cent.  Revenue  in  the  income 
statement  excludes  the  activities  of  the  pet  business, 
since under IFRS the results of discontinued operations are 
disclosed as a single line item at the foot of the income 
statement.

Profit before tax       

2009

£m

2008

£m

Group  operating  profit 
continuing 
exceptional items

operations 

from 
before 

Net finance costs

Pre-tax  profit  from  continuing 
operations  before  exceptional 
items

Exceptional items 

38.4

(3.7)

34.7

-

36.5

(4.3)

32.2

0.8

Profit from continuing operations 
before tax

34.7

33.0

The  increase  in  Group  operating  profit  from  continuing 
operations before exceptional items is entirely attributable 
to the growth in both sales and profits in the food activities. 
The reduction in net finance costs was as a result of the 
strong  cash  flow  and  the  reduction  in  UK  interest  rates 
during the year.

Discontinued operations

As reported within the Chairman’s Statement on pages 3 to 
5 and in note 9 on pages 59 and 60, during April 2009 the 
Board announced that the pet division activities had been 
sold,  following  a  competitive  process,  to  a  management 
buyout  (MBO)  team.  Accordingly  the  results  of  the  pet 
division have been reported as discontinued at 31 March 
2009. The pet business produces a range of bird and small 
animal food for sale into specialist pet and more general 
retail  outlets,  as  well  as  selling  tropical  marine  fish  and 
aquatic products largely into specialist retailers both in the 
UK and abroad.

In the year ended 31 March 2009, the pet division generated 
a profit before tax and impairment of £2,038,000 (2008 - 
£2,357,000 after crediting an exceptional profit before tax 
of  £792,000).  Turnover  was  £46.5  million  (2008  -  £39.7 
million).

The  net  assets  of  the  pet  business  which  have  been 
classified as assets held for sale at the year-end were £15.8 
million, stated after an impairment charge of £2.5 million 
and associated deferred tax credit of £2.0 million.

Performance against KPIs

2009

2008

Organic sales growth (continuing)

Gross return on sales (continuing)

Net return on sales (continuing)

9.2%

14.1%

6.3%

20.4%

13.5%

6.5%

Free cash flow

£41.2m

£25.9m

10

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The record of unbroken growth 
in profits now goes back more 
than 20 years... 

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

11

The  Company  has  seen  substantial  growth  in  organic 
sales over the past year driven by its expertise in product 
development, service levels, quality and value with further 
sales  growth  anticipated  in  the  next  twelve  months. 
During the year the Group had some success in passing on 
the  impact  of  rising  raw  material  prices  and  devaluation 
of  sterling  against  the  euro  and  this  is  reflected  in  the 
gross return on sales. Principal cash flows are discussed on  
page 13.

Future development

The decision has been made to focus entirely on the food 
activities.  In  April  the  Board  announced  the  sale  of  the 
pet activities to a MBO team and that contracts had been 
exchanged  for  the  acquisition  of  the  Bowes  of  Norfolk 
pork  processing  business,  subject  to  clearance  by  the 
competition authorities. 

The Group will continue to seek to increase sales through 
a  combination  of  product  development  with  existing 
customers and business gains with new ones. The standard 
of our factories will be maintained at the highest level and 
further suitable acquisition opportunities will be pursued.

Resources, risks and relationships

Resources

The  Group  aims  to  safeguard  the  assets  that  give  it 
competitive  advantage,  being  its  reputation  for  product 
innovation,  product  quality,  food  safety  and  service 
levels; its modern well-equipped factories; its operational 
management and its skilled workforce.

Reputation

It  is  the  responsibility  of  local  operational  management 
assisted by their own product development team, Group 
Technical  and  Group  Health  &  Safety  to  maintain  and 
where possible enhance the Group’s reputation for product 
innovation, product quality, food safety and service levels. 

Factories

strategies  for  retaining  staff,  including  the  provision  of 
competitive terms and conditions and share options. The 
Group has had  a savings-related  share option scheme  in 
place  for  over  10  years,  which  is  open  to  all  employees 
with 2 years’ service and has proved very successful with 
many staff now also Shareholders.

Principal risks and uncertainties

The Group annually carries out a formal exercise to identify 
and  assess  the  impact  of  risks  on  its  businesses  and  the 
exercise  has  recently  been  reviewed.  The  Corporate 
Governance Statement on pages 25 to 29 describes more 
about the Group’s risk management processes.

The more significant risks and uncertainties faced by the 
Group,  in  line  with  the  rest  of  the  food  manufacturing 
sector,  are  identified  as  customer  retention,  food  scares, 
business continuity, environmental matters, raw material 
prices,  margins  and  profitability,  and  competition.  These 
are discussed in more detail below. The Group’s financial 
and treasury risks are discussed on page 14 and in note 22 
to the financial statements.

Competition  and  customer  retention  –  the  Company 
manages the risk of operating in a consolidated sector by 
maintaining strong customer relationships. This process is 
supported by delivering high levels of service and quality 
and  by  continued  focus  on  product  development  and 
technical innovation.

Food  scares  –  the  risk  of  food  scares  is  mitigated  by 
ensuring that all raw materials are traceable to source and 
that manufacturing, storage and distribution systems are 
continually  monitored.  Further  details  on  raw  material 
procurement and traceability are set out in the Corporate 
Social Responsibility Statement on pages 35 and 36. 

Business continuity – business continuity plans are in place 
across the Group’s manufacturing facilities and appropriate 
insurance cover is in place to mitigate any financial loss.

Environmental  matters  –  the  Company’s  environmental 
policies are set out in the Corporate Social Responsibility 
Statement on pages 35 and 36.

The Group has some of the best-invested, modern facilities 
in the industry, having invested £92 million over the past 
five years, and it intends to continue investing to ensure 
that it maintains its competitive edge. 

Raw  material  prices  –  further  details  of  the  Group’s 
exposure  to  and  actions  to  mitigate  raw  material  price 
fluctuations are set out on page 14 of this report.

Employees

The  Group  aims  to  recruit,  train  and  retain  employees 
who  are  valued  for  their  contribution  and  able  to  fulfil 
their potential in meeting the business objectives of their 
operating  unit.  The  Group  companies  each  have  their 

Legislation  in  all  the  markets  we  serve  changes  on  a 
regular basis, and interpretation of existing laws can also 
change to create ever tightening standards, often requiring 
additional human resources and the provision of new assets 
and systems. We are committed to respond positively to 
new regulations and ensure that our views are expressed 
during consultation exercises. 

12

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

Relationships

Cash flow

The  Board  encourages  businesses  to  support 
local 
community organisations and charities in the locations in 
which  they  operate  and  this  is  set  out  in  the  Corporate 
Social Responsibility Statement on pages 35 and 36.

Financial position 
and performance

Exceptional items

The exceptional charge of £6.1 million in 2009 relates to 
a  one-off  exceptional  deferred  tax  charge  arising  from  a 
change  in  UK  corporation  tax  legislation  in  the  Finance 
Act 2008 to phase out Industrial Buildings Allowances and 
is referred to in more detail below. The exceptional item 
in  2008  relates  to  the  profit  on  sale  of  the  feed  milling 
business of Cranswick Mill of £1.1 million, less £0.3 million 
provided  against  future  rental  and  reinstatement  costs 
for an unoccupied leasehold property in Thornaby, North 
Yorkshire, both stated before a tax credit of £0.4 million.

Finance costs

Finance  costs  of  £3.7  million  (2008  -  £4.3  million)  were 
lower  than  the  previous  year  reflecting  the  strong  cash 
generation  in  the  year  and  the  reduction  in  UK  interest 
rates, partially offset by higher margins on the new bank 
facilities.

Taxation

An analysis of the tax charge is set out in note 8 to the 
financial  statements.  The  tax  charge  as  a  percentage  of 
profit before taxation was 28.7 per cent in the current year 
and 29.8 per cent in 2008. The exceptional charge for the 
year comprises a one-off exceptional deferred tax charge 
of £6.1 million arising from a change in UK corporation tax 
legislation in the Finance Act 2008 to phase out Industrial 
Buildings  Allowances.  This  charge  had  no  impact  on  the 
cash flow of the business during the year and represents 
the additional tax payable over the twenty five year period 
the  allowances  would  have  been  available  to  the  Group.  
The standard rate of UK Corporation Tax was 28 per cent 
for 2009 and 30 per cent in 2008. In addition the Group 
benefits  from  tax  amounts  taken  directly  to  equity  and 
included  in  the  Group  Statement  of  Recognised  Income 
and Expense.

Earnings per share

Cash  generated  from  operating  activities  was  ahead  of 
the previous year at £44.8 million (2008 - £31.2 million) 
of  cash  and  cash  equivalents.  The  net  cash  outflow 
from  investing  activities  of  £20.7  million  reflects  capital 
additions of £20.9 million less fixed asset sales proceeds 
of  £0.2  million.  The  previous  year’s  outflow  was  £20.6 
million  and  comprised  capital  additions  of  £25.3  million 
less fixed asset sales proceeds of £4.7 million. The £24.4 
million of net cash used in financing activities in 2009 is 
largely due to interest paid of £3.6 million, dividends paid 
of £8.8 million, issue costs of long term borrowings of £1.3 
million and net repayment of borrowings of £11.2 million. 
The prior year cash outflow from financing of £17.8 million 
was largely due to interest paid of £5.3 million, dividends 
paid of £7.7 million and repayment of borrowings of £5.4 
million. The overall result is a net decrease in cash and cash 
equivalents of £0.3 million (2008 - £7.2 million). Net debt 
reduced by £11.8 million to £66.6 million (2008 - £78.4 
million).

Capital structure

The primary objective of the Group’s capital management 
is  to  ensure  that  it  maintains  a  strong  credit  rating  and 
healthy capital ratios in order to support its business and 
maximise Shareholder value.

The Group regards its Shareholders’ equity as its capital and 
manages its capital structure and makes adjustments to it 
in  light  of  changes  in  economic  conditions.  To  maintain 
or  adjust  the  capital  structure,  the  Group  may  adjust 
the  dividend  payment  to  Shareholders,  return  capital  to 
Shareholders or issue new shares. No changes were made 
in  the  objectives,  policies  or  processes  during  the  years 
ended 31 March 2009 and 31 March 2008. 

The Group’s capital structure is as follows:

Net debt (note 26)

Cranswick 
equity

plc 

Shareholders’ 

Capital employed

2009

£m

66.6

166.5

233.1

2008

£m

78.4

155.3

233.7

More  details  about  the  Group’s  capital  structure  are  set 
out in Note 22 Financial Instruments.

Distributions, capital raising 
and share repurchases

Basic  earnings  per  share  (before  exceptional  items) 
from  continuing  operations  increased  by  9  per  cent  to 
53.7  pence.  The  average  number  of  shares  in  issue  was 
46,099,000 (2008 – 45,832,000).  

Details  of  dividends  paid  and  proposed  during  the  year  are 
given in the Directors’ Report on page 19. The proposed final 
dividend for 2009 together with the interim paid in January 
2009  amount  to  21.7  pence  per  share  which  is  9  per  cent 

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

13

higher than the previous year. The increase in the share capital 
of the Group comprises 125,168 of share options exercised 
during  the  year  and  109,299  in  respect  of  scrip  dividends. 
There were no share repurchases during the year.

Treasury policies

Functional currency

The  functional  currency  of  all  Group  undertakings  is 
sterling. 

Foreign currency risk

The major foreign exchange risk facing the Group is in the 
purchasing  of  charcuterie  products.  The  major  currency 
involved  is  the  euro.  The  policy  of  the  Group  is  to  seek 
to mitigate the impact of this risk by taking out forward 
contracts with UK banks for up to 12 months ahead and 
for amounts that commence at approximately 25 per cent 
of  the  requirement  and  move  progressively  towards  full 
cover. At least 2 members of the main Board attend the 
monthly  meetings  of  the  subsidiary  Board  at  which  the 
key decisions on currency cover are taken.

Interest rate risk 

The  Main  Board  re-set  the  policy  on  interest  rate  risk 
following  the  renegotiation  of  the  Group’s  credit  facility 
in  December  2008.  The  Group’s  policy  is  to  manage  its 
cost  of  borrowing  using  a  mix  of  fixed  and  variable  rate 
debt. Whilst fixed rate interest bearing debt is not exposed 
to  cash  flow  interest  rate  risk,  there  is  no  opportunity 
for the Group to enjoy a reduction in borrowing costs in 
markets where rates are falling. In addition, the fair value 
risk inherent in fixed rate borrowing means that the Group 
is exposed to unplanned costs should debt be restructured 
or  repaid  early  as  part  of  the  liquidity  management 
process. In contrast, whilst floating rate borrowings are not 
exposed to changes in fair value, the Group is exposed to 
cash flow risk as costs increase if market rates rise. Cover 
was  implemented  by  taking  out  an  interest  rate  swap 
agreement with three UK banks on the amortising portion 
(£35 million) of the medium term loan drawn down when 
the Group replaced its existing credit facilities during the 
year. This is being repaid at the rate of £2.5 million every 
3 months from March 2009 to September 2011, with the 
balance  of  £7.5  million  repayable  in  December  2011.  In 
addition the Group has an existing interest rate swap which 
was taken out against the Group’s previous facilities and 
is due to expire in September 2009. The hedging policy is 
reviewed from time to time as circumstances change. The 
monitoring of interest rate risk is handled entirely at head 
office,  based  on  the  monthly  consolidation  of  cash  flow 
projections and the daily borrowings position.

Credit risk

Practically all sales are made on credit terms, the majority 
of  which  are  to  the  major  UK  food  retailers.  Overdue 
accounts are reviewed at the monthly Board meetings of 
the  operations.  The  incidence  of  bad  debts  is  low.  Every 
attempt is made to resist advance payments for goods and 
services;  where  this  proves  impossible,  arrangements  are 
put in place, where practical, to guarantee the repayment 
of  the  monies  in  the  event  of  default.  For  all  major 
customers, credit terms are agreed by negotiation and for 
all  other  customers,  credit  terms  are  set  by  reference  to 
external credit agencies.

Liquidity risk

The Group has historically been very cash generative. The 
bank position for each operation is monitored on a daily 
basis and capital expenditure is approved at the monthly 
Board  meeting  of  each  operation  at  which  at  least  two 
members  of  the  main  Board  are  present  and  reported 
at  the  subsequent  monthly  main  Board  meeting.  Major 
projects are approved by the main Board. Each operation 
has  access  to  the  Group’s  overdraft  facility  and  all  term 
debt is arranged centrally. The Group replaced its existing 
bank credit facilities during the year. The facilities currently 
available  to  the  Group  are  a  term  loan  of  £35.0  million 
(£15.0  million  of  which  has  been  drawn  down  to  date) 
repayable  in  December  2011,  an  amortising  loan  facility 
of £35.0 million repayable in eleven quarterly instalments 
of £2.5 million, with a final repayment of £7.5 million in 
December 2011, a revolving credit facility of £30.0 million 
and  an  overdraft  facility  of  £20.0  million.    Unutilised 
facilities  at  31  March  2009  were  £48.6  million  (2008  - 
£14.3 million).

Price risk

The  major  exposure  the  Group  has  to  raw  material  price 
fluctuations  is  pig  meat,  part  of  which  is  as  a  result  of 
currency  movements.  The  Group  does  not  seek  to  hedge 
against pig price movements because of the downside risk.

Further  details  of  the  Group’s  financial  instruments  are 
disclosed in note 22 to the accounts.

Going concern

The Group’s business activities, together with the factors 
likely  to  affect  its  future  development,  performance  and 
position are set out in the Review of activities on pages 7 
and 8. The financial position of the Group, its cash flows, 
liquidity  position  and  borrowing  facilities  are  described 
above, as are the Group’s objectives, policies and processes 
for  managing  its  capital;  its  financial  risk  management 

14

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

objectives; details of its financial instruments and hedging 
activities; and its exposure to credit risk and liquidity risk.
The  Group  has  considerable  financial  resources  together 
with  strong  trading  relationships  with  its  key  customers 
and  suppliers.  As  a  consequence,  the  Directors  believe 
that  the  Group  is  well  placed  to  manage  its  business 
risk  successfully  despite  the  current  uncertain  economic 
outlook.

After  making  enquiries,  the  Directors  have  a  reasonable 
expectation  that  the  Group  has  adequate  resources  to 
continue  in  operational  existence  for  the  foreseeable 
future. For this reason, they continue to adopt the going 
concern basis in preparing the financial statements.

On behalf of the Board                 
John Lindop
Finance Director,  
18 May 2009

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

15

SHERBURN
IN ELMET

MANCHESTER

KINGSTON-UPON-HULL

BARNSLEY

DEESIDE

DENBIGH

ATHERSTONE

MILTON KEYNES

Group Directors & 
Business Locations

Cooked Meats 
Nick Tranfield
Paul Gartside
Andy Jenkins
Clive Stephens

Fresh Pork 
Neil Willis

Bacon 
Bill Crossland

Sausages 
Linda Watkin
Daniel Nolan

Sandwiches 
Tony Cleaver
Paul Nicholson
Simon Ravenscroft
Nick Anderson

Charcuterie 
Rollo Thompson 

Food Central 
Jim Brisby
Malcolm Windeatt
Andrew Caines

16

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

Directors

Executive Directors 

Non-Executive Directors

Martin Davey, Chairman + 
Martin  qualified  as  a  chartered  accountant  with  Pannell 
Kerr  Forster.  He  joined  Cranswick  and  became  Finance 
Director  in  1985.  He  was  appointed  Chief  Executive  in 
1988  and  became  Executive  Chairman  on  26  July  2004. 
Between 5 April 2004 and 5 December 2008 Martin was 
a  Non-Executive  Director  of  Thorntons  plc,  on  which  he 
spent one day per month. All fees receivable were paid to 
the Company.

John Lindop, Finance
John  qualified  as  a  chartered  accountant  with  Robson 
Rhodes’ London office. He spent ten years with Northern 
Foods plc where he was latterly Group Financial Controller 
and Company Secretary. In 1992 he joined Cranswick as 
Company  Secretary  and  was  appointed  to  the  Board  as 
Finance Director in 1993. Since 23 March 2007 John has 
been  a  Non-Executive  Director  of  Black  Sheep  Brewery 
plc,  on  which  he  spends  one  day  per  month.  All  fees 
receivable are paid to the Company. John will retire from 
the Company on 31 May 2009.

Bernard Hoggarth, Chief Executive 
Bernard holds a National Diploma in Agriculture from the 
Norfolk  College  of  Agriculture.  He  joined  Cranswick  in 
1978, focusing on the agribusiness activity before becoming 
involved  in  the  development  of  the  food  manufacturing 
business during the 1990s. He was appointed a Director in 
1988 and Chief Executive of Food in 2004.

Adam Couch
Adam joined Cranswick in 1991 as a management trainee 
from Hull University, where he graduated in accountancy. 
Adam was appointed a Director in 2003 and is Managing 
Director of the Fresh Pork operations.

John Worby +† * 
John is a chartered accountant with many years experience 
in  the  food  industry.  John  is  currently  Group  Finance 
Director of Genus plc having previously worked for Uniq 
plc  (formerly  Unigate  PLC)  from  1978  until  2002,  in 
various roles including Group Finance Director and Deputy 
Chairman. He was appointed a Non-Executive Director of 
Cranswick plc on 1 August 2005 and is Senior Independent 
Director  and  Chairman  of  the  Audit  Committee.  John  is 
also a non executive director of Smiths News plc.

Patrick Farnsworth +† * 
Patrick  has  many  years  experience  in  the  food  industry, 
having worked for William Jackson & Son Limited, a Hull-
based  private  company,  since  1965,  where  he  was  Joint 
Group Managing Director from 1995 until his retirement 
in  2005.  He  was  appointed  a  Non-Executive  Director 
of  Cranswick  plc  on  1  August  2004  and  was  the  senior 
independent Director until 1 August 2005.  In  April  2009 
Patrick was elected as the High Sheriff of the East Riding 
of  Yorkshire,  an  appointment  that  will  last  for  twelve 
months.

*  Member of Remuneration Committee
†  Member of Audit Committee
+  Member of Nomination Committee

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

17

 
18

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

Directors’ report

The  Directors  submit  their  report  and  the  audited 
accounts  of  the  Group  for  the  year  ended  31  March 
2009.

Principal  activities,  business  review  and 
future developments

The Group’s activities during the year were focused in the 
food and pet sectors. A review of the business and future 
development of the Group and a discussion of the principal 
risks and uncertainties faced by the Group is presented in 
the  Chairman’s  Statement  and  Review  of  Activities  on 
pages  3  to  8  and  in  the  Group  Operating  and  Financial 
Review on pages 9 to 15.

Results and dividends

The  profit  on  ordinary  activities  before  taxation  from 
continuing  operations  was  £34.7  million  (2008  -  £33.0 
million). After a taxation charge of £16.0 million (2008 - 
£9.2 million), the profit for the year is £19.0 million (2008 
-  £25.7  million).  An  interim  dividend  of  7.0  pence  per 
ordinary share was paid on 23 January 2009. The Directors 
recommend the payment of a final dividend for the year, 
which is not reflected in these accounts, of 14.7 pence per 
ordinary share which, together with the interim dividend, 
represents 21.7 pence per ordinary share, totalling £10.0 
million  (2008  -  19.9  pence  per  ordinary  share,  totalling 
£9.2  million).  Subject  to  approval  at  the  Annual  General 
Meeting,  the  final  dividend  will  be  paid  in  cash  or  scrip 
form  on  4  September  2009  to  members  on  the  register 
at the close of business on 3 July 2009. The shares will go 
ex-dividend on 1 July 2009.

Financial instruments

The  Group’s  risk  management  objectives  and  policy  are 
discussed  in  the  Treasury  Policies  section  of  the  Group 
Operating and Financial Review on page 14.

Directors and their interests

The  appointment  and  removal  of  a  Director  is  governed 
by the Articles of Association and within the Terms of the 
Nomination  Committee.  The  Directors  of  the  Company 
currently in office are as stated on page 17. Each of the 
Directors  served  for  the  whole  of  the  year  under  review 
together with Derek Black who resigned as a director on 
24 April  2009  following  the  disposal  of  the  Pet  Division. 
Adam  Couch  and  John  Worby  retire  in  accordance  with 
the Articles of Association and, being eligible, each offers 
himself for re-election. John Lindop will retire as a director 
on 31 May 2009 and Mark Bottomley, the current group 
financial controller, has been appointed by the Board as his 
replacement with effect from 1 June 2009. Mark will stand 
for election at the Annual General Meeting.

Details of the Directors’ beneficial interests in the ordinary 
share capital of the Company are included in the Directors’ 
Remuneration Report on pages 31 to 34.

Major Shareholders

The Company has been informed of the following interests 
at 8 May 2009 in the 46,464,612 ordinary shares of the 
Company:

AMVESCAP PLC

Number of 
Shares

13,439,679

% of issued 
share capital

28.92

Legal & General 
Investment Management

2,849,953

Jupiter Asset Management

2,423,691

JP Morgan Asset 
Management

2,041,798

6.13

5.22

4.39

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

19

 
20

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

Share capital structure

The  Company  has  one  class  of  shares,  being  ordinary 
shares of 10p each. The authorised, allotted and fully paid 
up share capital is shown in note 23. There are no special 
rights pertaining to any of the shares in issue.

The  Directors  of  Cranswick  plc  have  received  limited 
authority  to  disapply  Shareholders  pre-emption  rights  in 
certain circumstances, to authorise the Company to buy 
back a proportion of the Company’s share capital and to 
allow the Directors to allot shares. Further resolutions will 
be  placed  before  the  Annual  General  Meeting  to  renew 
these powers.

At the last Annual General Meeting the Directors received 
authority from the shareholders to:

Allot Shares – this gives Directors the authority to allot 
authorised  but  unissued  shares  and  it  is  to  maintain 
the  flexibility  in  respect  of  the  Company’s  financing 
arrangements.  The  nominal  value  of  ordinary  shares 
which the Directors may allot in the period up to the next 
Annual General Meeting is limited to £1,540,934 which 
represents approximately 33 per cent of the issued share 
capital (excluding treasury shares) as at 23 May 2008. The 
Directors do not have any present intention of exercising 
this authority other than in connection with the issue of 
ordinary shares in respect of the dividend offer and the 
Company’s share option plans. This authority will expire 
on the commencement of the Annual General Meeting 
to be held on 27 July 2009.

Disapplication  of  rights  of  pre-emption  –  this 
disapplies  rights  of  pre-emption  on  the  allotment  of 
shares by the Company and the sale by the Company of 
treasury shares. The authority will allow the Directors to 
allot equity securities for cash, and to sell treasury shares 
for  cash,  on  a  pro  rata  basis  to  existing  shareholders 
and  otherwise  on  a  pro  rata  basis  up  to  an  aggregate 
nominal  amount  of  £231,163,  representing  5  per  cent 
of  the  Company’s  issued  share  capital  as  at  23  May 
2008. Listed Companies that purchase their own shares 
are able to hold shares in treasury for subsequent sale, 
rather than to cancel them immediately. This authority 
will expire on the commencement of the Annual General 
Meeting to be held on 27 July 2009.

To buy own shares – the authority allows the Company 
to buy its own shares in the market, as permitted under 
Article 6 of the Articles of Association of the Company, 
up  to  a  limit  of  10  per  cent  of  the  Company’s  issued 
share  capital.  The  price  to  be  paid  for  any  share  must 
not  be  less  than  10p,  being  the  nominal  value  of  a 
share, and must not exceed 105 per cent of the average 
middle market quotations for the ordinary shares of the 
Company  as  derived  from  the  London  Stock  Exchange 

Daily  Official  List  for  the  5  business  days  immediately 
preceding  the  day  on  which  the  ordinary  shares  are 
purchased.  The  Directors  have  no  immediate  plans  to 
exercise the powers of the Company to purchase its own 
shares and undertake that the authority would only be 
exercised if the Directors were satisfied that a purchase 
would result in an increase in expected earnings per share 
and  was  in  the  best  interests  of  the  Company  at  the 
time. This authority will expire on the commencement of 
the Annual General Meeting to be held on 27 July 2009. 

The  Company  is  not  aware  of  any  agreements  between 
shareholders that may result in restrictions on the transfer 
of securities and for voting rights.

There are no restrictions on the transfer of ordinary shares 
in the Company other than where certain restrictions may 
apply  from  time  to  time,  on  the  Board  of  Directors  and 
other senior executive staff, which is imposed by laws and 
regulations  relating  to  insider  trading  laws  and  market 
requirements relating to close periods.

Events since the balance sheet date

As notified to shareholders on 6 April 2009 Cranswick has 
exchanged  contracts  to  acquire  the  whole  of  the  issued 
share capital of Bowes of Norfolk Limited, a pork processing 
business based in Norfolk, for a cash consideration of £17.2 
million.  The  completion  of  the  transaction  is  conditional 
upon  clearance  from  the  UK  Competition  Authorities 
which at this moment in time is ongoing.

On  24  April  2009  the  Pet  Division  was  sold  to  the 
management  team,  headed  up  by  Derek  Black,  for  a 
consideration  of  £17.0  million.  There  is  a  mechanism 
in  place  to  normalise  working  capital  through  a  cash 
adjustment. Cranswick plc will retain a 5.5 per cent share 
in  the  business  going  forward.  Derek  Black  resigned  as  a 
main Board Director on that day. 

Employment policies

The Group’s policy on employee involvement is to adopt 
an open management style, thereby encouraging informal 
consultation  at  all  levels  about  aspects  of  the  Group’s 
operations.  Employees  participate  directly  in  the  success 
of the business by participation in the SAYE share option 
schemes.

Employment  policies  are  designed  to  provide  equal 
opportunities  irrespective  of  colour,  ethnic  or  natural 
origin, nationality, sex, religion, marital or disabled status. 
Full consideration is given to applications for employment 
by  and  the  continuing  employment,  training  and  career 
development of disabled people.

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

21

Payment policy

The Group and the Company do not have a formal policy 
that  they  follow  with  regard  to  payment  to  suppliers. 
Payment  terms  are  agreed  with  each  supplier  and  every 
endeavour  is  made  to  adhere  to  the  agreed  terms.  The 
average credit terms for the continuing Group, based on 
the year-end trade creditors figure and a 365 day year, are 
40 days. The average credit taken by our customers on a 
similar basis is 33 days.

Auditors

Ernst  &  Young  LLP,  having  been  reappointed  during  the 
year, have expressed their willingness to continue in office 
and  a  resolution  proposing  their  re-appointment  will  be 
submitted at the Annual General Meeting.

Directors’  statement  as  to  disclosure  of 
information to auditors

The  Directors  who  were  members  of  the  Board  at  the 
time of approving the Directors’ Report are listed on page 
17. Having made enquiries of fellow Directors and of the 
Company’s  auditors,  each  of  these  Directors  confirm 
that:

•	

•	

to  the  best  of  each  Director’s  knowledge  and  belief, 
there  is  no  information  relevant  to  the  preparation 
of  their  report  of  which  the  Company’s  auditors  are 
unaware; and
each Director has taken all the steps a Director might 
reasonably be expected to have taken to be aware of 
relevant  audit  information  and  to  establish  that  the 
Company’s auditors are aware of that information.

22

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

Change of control

Articles of Association

There  are  no  agreements  that  the  Company  considers 
significant  and  to  which  the  Company  is  party  to,  that 
would  take  effect,  alter  or  terminate  upon  change  of 
control  of  the  Company  following  a  takeover  bid  other 
than the following:
•	

The  Company  is  party  to  a  number  of  banking 
agreements  which  upon  a  change  of  control  of  the 
Company  are  terminable  by  the  bank  upon  the 
provision of 10 working days notice, and
There are no agreements between the Company and 
its directors or employees providing for compensation 
for  loss  of  office  or  employment  (whether  through 
resignation,  purported  redundancy  or  otherwise) 
that  occurs  because  of  a  takeover  bid  other  than  as 
stated in the Directors Remuneration Report relating 
to Martin Davey, Derek Black, Bernard Hoggarth and 
John Lindop.

•	

Long Term Incentive Plan

In  the  event  of  a  general  offer  being  made  to  acquire 
part or all of the issued share capital of the Company as 
a  result  of  which  the  offeror  may  acquire  control  of  the 
Company,  award  holders  under  the  Cranswick  plc  Long 
Term Incentive Plan (“LTIP”) will have an opportunity to 
exercise their awards either:

(a)  immediately  before  the  time  at  which  the  change 
of  control  of  the  Company  occurs  or  any  condition 
subject to which the offer is made has been satisfied 
(“Take-over  Date”)  but  conditional  on  the  Take-over 
Date occurring, if the Remuneration Committee issues 
a written notice in advance of the Take-over Date to 
award holders; or

(b) at any time within 6 months following the Take-over 

Date, in any other case.

In  the  event  that  the  Court  sanctions  a  scheme 
of  arrangement  under  Part  26  of  the  Companies 
Act 2006 in connection with a scheme for the Company’s 
reconstruction  or  amalgamation  with  another  company, 
award  holders  under  the  LTIP  may  exercise  their  awards 
during  the  six  month  period  commencing  on  the  date 
upon  which  the  scheme  of  arrangement  is  sanctioned 
by  the  Court.  The  LTIP  also  contains  provisions  enabling 
award holders to exercise their awards if a person becomes 
entitled  to  issue  a  compulsory  acquisition  notice  under 
the provisions relating to the compulsory acquisition of a 
company set out in the Companies Act 2006. The period 
allowed for exercise in these circumstances is any time up 
to the seventh day before the final day upon which that 
person remains entitled to serve such a notice.

In  each  case,  the  extent  to  which  awards  are  capable  of 
exercise depends on the extent to which the performance 
targets (as adjusted or amended) have been satisfied.

The  Company’s  Articles  of  Association  may  only  be 
amended by a special resolution at a general meeting of 
the shareholders.

Annual General Meeting and Special 
Business to be transacted at the Annual 
General Meeting

The notice convening the Annual General Meeting can be 
found in the separate Notice of Annual General Meeting 
accompanying this Report and Accounts.

Details  of  the  Special  Business  to  be  transacted  at  the 
Annual  General  Meeting  are  contained  in  the  separate 
letter  from  the  Chairman  which  also  accompanies  this 
Report and Accounts, and covers the Directors’ authority 
to  allot  shares,  the  partial  disapplication  of  pre-emption 
rights and the authority for the Company to buy its own 
shares.

By order of the Board 
Malcolm Windeatt 
Company Secretary,  
18 May 2009

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

23

24

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

Corporate governance 
statement

Statement by the Directors on 
compliance with the provisions 
of the Combined Code

Principles of good governance

The  Board  is  committed  to  high  standards  of  corporate 
governance.  The  adoption  and  maintenance  of  good 
governance is the responsibility of the Board as a whole. 
This  report,  together  with  the  Directors’  Remuneration 
Report on pages 31 to 34, describes how the Board applies 
the principles of good governance and best practice as set 
out in the Combined Code on Corporate Governance (the 
“Combined  Code”).  A  statement  of  compliance  with  the 
Combined Code can be found at the end of this report.

The Board

During the year ended 31 March 2009 the Board consisted 
of  an  Executive  Chairman,  two  Chief  Executives,  two 
other  Executive  Directors  and  two  Non-Executives  who 
are  deemed  to  be  independent.  The  Combined  Code 
recommends  that  a  group  the  size  of  Cranswick  should 
have  at  least  two  independent  Non-Executive  Directors. 
However, on 22 December 2008 the Company entered the 
FTSE 250 index and as a result the code requires the Board 
to  include  more  than  two  independent  Non-Executive 
Directors. In line with the Code the Company has therefore 
been  searching  for  a  suitable  candidate  to  increase  the 
number  of  independent  Non-Executive  Directors.  The 
Board is confident that it has met this requirement of the 
Combined Code in full during the year.

The Board meets each month throughout the year to direct 
and control the overall strategy and operating performance 
of  the  Group.  To  enable  them  to  carry  out  these 
responsibilities  all  Directors  have  full  and  timely  access 
to all relevant information. A formal schedule of matters 
reserved for decision by the Board covers key areas of the 
Group’s affairs including acquisition and divestment policy, 

approval  of  budgets,  major  capital  expenditure  projects, 
profit and cash flow performance and general treasury and 
risk  management  policies.  During  the  year  responsibility 
for  the  Group’s  day-to-day  operations  was  delegated  to 
the Chief Executives of the two divisions who, supported 
by  the  Executive  Directors  and  Executive  management, 
implement the Board’s strategy and manage the Group’s 
business.  Upon  appointment,  all  Directors  undertake  a 
formal  introduction  to  all  the  Group’s  activities  and  are 
also provided with the opportunity for on-going training 
to  ensure  that  they  are  kept  up-to-date  on  changes  in 
relevant legislation and the general business environment, 
including  the  review  of  relevant  literature  and  attending 
external  courses.  Procedures  are  in  place  for  Directors 
to  seek  both  independent  advice,  at  the  expense  of  the 
Company,  and  the  advice  and  services  of  the  Company 
Secretary  in  order  to  fulfil  their  duties.  The  Company 
Secretary  is  responsible  to  the  Board  for  ensuring  that 
Board procedures are complied with and for advising the 
Board, through the Chairman, on all governance matters. 
The appointment and removal of the Company Secretary 
is determined by the Board as a whole.

The  Board  has  completed  a  register  relating  to  potential 
conflicts of interest with its Directors and confirms that no 
such conflicts exist. This register will be reviewed annually 
or at such other time as is necessary.

The Board, led by the Chairman, has carried out a formal 
evaluation of its performance and that of its Committees 
under a system based on a questionnaire circulated to all 
Directors which was used to facilitate a Board discussion. 
The  evaluation  exercise  showed  that  the  Board  and  its 
Committees were working well but as expected a number 
of  actions  were  agreed  to  improve  effectiveness.  The 
Chairman has carried out an evaluation of the performance 
of  individual  Directors  by  individual  discussions  with 
the  Board  members.  He  meets  with  the  Non-Executive 
Directors at least once a year to consider his conclusions. 
In addition, the Non-Executive Directors meet, without the 

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

25

Chairman present, in order to appraise his performance.

The  Company’s  Articles  of  Association  provide  that  one 
third (but not more than one third) of the Directors retire 
by  rotation  each  year  and  with  the  proviso  that  each 
Director  shall  seek  re-election  at  the  Annual  General 
Meeting every three years. All new Directors are subject to 
election by Shareholders at the first opportunity following 
their appointment.

Directors’  biographies  and  membership  of  the  various 
Committees are shown on page 17. The formal terms of 
reference  for  the  main  Board  Committees  together  with 
the terms and conditions of appointment of Non-Executive 
Directors  are  available  for  inspection  at  the  Company’s 
Registered Office and at the Annual General Meeting.

Board Committees

Audit Committee

The Audit Committee throughout the year comprised of 
two  independent  Non-Executive  Directors,  John  Worby 
and  Patrick  Farnsworth.  The  Committee  is  chaired  by 
John  Worby,  the  Group’s  Senior  Independent  Director, 
who  is  a  Chartered  Accountant  and  has  considerable 
recent  relevant  financial  experience.  Patrick  Farnsworth 
has many years experience in the food industry where he 
was  Joint  Managing  Director  of  William  Jackson  &  Son 
Limited  until  his  retirement  in  2005.  It  is  a  requirement 
of the Combined Code that the Audit Committee should 
comprise  all  independent  Non-Executive  Directors.  The 
Board  is  confident  that  the  Group  complies  with  this 
requirement.

function.  The  Audit  Committee  is  also  responsible  for 
recommendations for the appointment, reappointment or 
removal  of  the  external  auditors  and  for  reviewing  their 
effectiveness.  After  a  period  of  five  years  it  was  decided 
that the external audit function should be put out to tender 
and the Committee reviewed presentations from four of 
the  major  auditing  firms.  The  Committee  discussed  the 
various proposals and it was decided that, based on their 
proposal  and  knowledge  of  the  business,  Ernst  &  Young 
should be retained as auditors. There were no contractual 
obligations  in  place  in  reaching  this  decision  and  there 
has been no time limit given with the auditors but their 
performance is to be assessed each year. The Committee 
also approves the terms of engagement and remuneration 
of the external auditors, and monitors their independence. 
There is a policy in place in relation to the types of non-
audit services the external auditors should not carry out so 
as not to compromise their independence and these would 
include  internal  accounting  or  other  financial  services, 
internal  audit  services  or  their  outsourcing,  executive 
or  management  roles  or  functions,  and  remuneration 
consultancy.  There  is  also  a  whistle  blowing  policy  in 
place which includes arrangements by which staff can, in 
confidence, raise concerns about possible improprieties in 
matters of financial reporting and other matters.

The  terms  of  reference  for  the  Audit  Committee  are 
available from the Company Secretary.

The Chairman of the Audit Committee will be available at 
the Annual General Meeting to respond to any Shareholder 
questions  that  might  be  raised  on  the  Committee’s 
activities.

Remuneration Committee

The  Chairman,  the  Finance  Director  and  the  Group 
Financial  Controller,  who  is  responsible  for  assessing  the 
Group’s  internal  financial  controls,  together  with  the 
external auditors attend the meetings as appropriate. The 
external  auditors  have  the  opportunity  for  direct  access 
to the Committee without the Executive Directors being 
present  and  the  Committee  formally  meets  with  the 
external auditors at least once a year without the Executive 
Directors being present.

The  Committee  reviews  the  Group’s  accounting  policies 
and internal reports on accounting and internal financial 
control  matters  together  with  reports  from  the  external 
auditors.  The  Audit  Committee  has  overall  responsibility 
for  monitoring  the  integrity  of  financial  statements  and 
related  announcements  and  for  all  aspects  of  internal 
control  and  meets  at  least  three  times  a  year,  two  of 
which involve a review of the Group’s interim and full year 
statements. The Audit Committee considers annually the 
extent and effectiveness of the work of the internal audit 

The  Remuneration  Committee  comprises  of  Patrick 
Farnsworth (Chairman) and John Worby. It is a requirement 
of the Combined Code that the Remuneration Committee 
should, in the case of smaller companies, consist of at least 
two members who are considered by the Combined Code 
to  be  independent.  It  is  a  requirement  of  the  Combined 
Code that the Remuneration Committee should comprise 
all  independent  Non-Executive  Directors.  The  Board  is 
confident that the Group complies with this requirement. 
Martin  Davey,  Executive  Chairman,  attends  meetings 
of  the  Remuneration  Committee  by  invitation  and  in 
an  advisory  capacity.  No  Director  attends  any  part  of  a 
meeting at which his own remuneration is discussed. The 
Executive  Directors  determine  the  remuneration  of  the 
Non-Executive Directors.

The Committee recommends to the Board the policy for 
executive remuneration and determines, on behalf of the 
Board, the other terms and conditions of service for each 
Executive Director. It determines appropriate performance 

26

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

 
conditions  for  the  annual  cash  bonus  and  long  term 
incentive schemes and approves awards and the issue of 
options  in  accordance  with  the  terms  of  those  schemes. 
The  Remuneration  Committee  also  recommends  and 
monitors the level and structure of remuneration of senior 
management  below  that  of  main  Board  Director.  The 
Remuneration Committee has access to advice from the 
Company Secretary and to detailed analysis of executive 
remuneration in comparable companies. In addition from 
time to time the Committee undertakes a more detailed 
review using external consultants. The last such review was 
undertaken by Deloitte in 2008. Details of the Committee’s 
current  remuneration  policies  are  given  in  the  Directors’ 
Remuneration Report on pages 31 to 34. 

The terms of reference for the Remuneration Committee 
are available from the Company Secretary.

The Chairman of the Remuneration Committee will attend 
the Annual General Meeting to respond to any Shareholder 
questions  that  might  be  raised  on  the  Committee’s 
activities.

Nomination Committee

The  Nomination  Committee  comprises  Martin  Davey, 
Executive  Chairman,  who  also  acts  as  the  Committee’s 
Chairman,  Patrick  Farnsworth, 
independent  Non-
Executive,  and  John  Worby,  independent  Non-Executive. 
It is a requirement of the Combined Code that a majority 
of  the  members  of  the  Nomination  Committee  should 
be  Non-Executive  Directors,  and  the  Chairman  should 
be either the Chairman of the Board or a Non-Executive 
Director. The Board is confident that it fully complies with 
these requirements of the Combined Code. Due to the size 
of the Group and the stability of the Board the Chairman’s 
time commitment to the Committee is not anticipated to 
be onerous.

The  Committee  meets  at  least  once  a  year  and  reviews 
the  structure,  size  and  composition  of  the  Board  and  is 
responsible  for  considering  and  making  recommendations 
to  the  Board  on  new  appointments  of  Executive  and 
Non-Executive  Directors.  It  also  gives  full  consideration 
to  succession  planning  in  the  course  of  its  work  taking 
into  account  the  challenges  and  opportunities  facing  the 
Group  and  what  skills  and  expertise  are  therefore  needed 
on the Board and from senior management in the future. 
The  Committee  recommended  the  appointment  of  Mark 
Bottomley as Finance Director with effect from 1 June 2009 
when John Lindop retires and it also continues to seek an 
additional independent Non-Executive Director. The current 
directors seeking re-election at the Annual General Meeting 
will  be  John  Worby  and  Adam  Couch.  Their  biographical 
details on page 17 demonstrate the range of experience and 
skills which each brings to the benefit of the Company.

The terms of reference for the Nomination Committee are 
available from the Company Secretary.

The Chairman of the Nomination Committee will attend 
the Annual General Meeting to respond to any Shareholder 
questions  that  might  be  raised  on  the  Committee’s 
activities.

Meetings attendance

Details  of  the  number  of  meetings  of,  and  members’ 
attendance  at,  the  Board,  Audit,  Remuneration  and 
Nomination Committees during the year are set out in the 
table below:

A
u
d
i
t
C
o
m
m

i
t
t
e
e

3

-

-

-

-

-

3

3

C
o
m
m

i
t
t
e
e

R
e
m
u
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n

6

-

-

-

-

-

6

6

C
o
m
m

i
t
t
e
e

i

N
o
m
n
a
t
i
o
n

2

-

-

2

-

-

2

2

B
o
a
r
d

12

9

12

12

12

12

12

12

No. of meetings

D. Black

A. Couch

M. Davey

B. Hoggarth

J. Lindop

P. Farnsworth

J. Worby

Shareholders

The views of Shareholders expressed during meetings with 
them are communicated by the Chairman to the Board as 
a whole, and through this process of communication the 
Board’s  Executive  and  Non-Executive  Directors  are  able 
to gain a sound understanding of the views and concerns 
of  the  major  Shareholders.  The  Chairman  discusses 
governance  and  strategy  with  major  Shareholders. 
Other  Directors  are  available  to  meet  the  Company’s 
major Shareholders if requested. The Senior Independent 
Director is available to listen to the views of Shareholders, 
particularly if they have concerns which contact with the 
Chairman has failed to resolve or for which such contact 
is  inappropriate.  Principles  of  corporate  governance  and 
voting  guidelines  issued  by  the  Company’s  institutional 
Shareholders and their representative bodies are circulated 
to and considered by the Board. The Board also welcomes 
the  attendance  and  questions  of  Shareholders  at  the 
Annual  General  Meeting  which  is  also  attended  by  the 
Chairmen  of  the  Audit,  Remuneration  and  Nominations 
Committees.

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

27

 
 
 
28

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

Going concern

The  Directors  have  prepared  the  accounts  on  a  going 
concern basis, having satisfied themselves from a review of 
internal budgets and forecasts and current bank facilities 
that  the  Group  has  adequate  resources  to  continue  in 
operational existence for the foreseeable future.

Internal Control

The  Board  of  Directors  has  overall  responsibility  for  the 
Group’s  systems  of  internal  control,  which  safeguards 
the Shareholders’ investment and the Group’s assets, and 
for  reviewing  its  effectiveness.  Such  a  system  can  only 
provide  reasonable  and  not  absolute  assurance  against 
material misstatement or loss, as it is designed to manage 
rather than eliminate the risk of failure to achieve business 
objectives.  

The Group operates within a clearly defined organisational 
structure with established responsibilities, authorities and 
reporting lines to the Board. The organisational structure 
has  been  designed  in  order  to  plan,  execute,  monitor 
and  control  the  Group’s  objectives  effectively  and  to 
ensure  that  internal  control  becomes  embedded  in  the 
operations. 

The  Chairman  of  the  Audit  Committee  reports  to  the 
Board  on  issues  relating  to  internal  controls  and  risk 
management  following  each  Audit  Committee  meeting. 
The Board confirms that the key on-going processes and 
features of the Group’s internal risk based control system, 
which accord with the Turnbull guidance, have been fully 
operative throughout the year and up to the date of the 
Annual  Report  being  approved.  These  include;  a  process 
to  identify  and  evaluate  business  risk;  a  strong  control 
environment; an information and communication process; 
a  monitoring  system  and  a  regular  Board  review  for 
effectiveness. The Group Financial Controller is responsible 
for overseeing the Group’s internal controls. 

During  the  year  the  management  of  the  Food  and  Pet 
businesses  identified  the  key  business  risks  within  their 
operations,  considered  the  financial  implications  and 
assessed the effectiveness of the control processes in place 
to  mitigate  these  risks.  The  Board  reviewed  a  summary 
of  the  findings  and  this,  along  with  direct  involvement 
in  the  strategies  of  the  businesses,  investment  appraisal 
and budgeting process, enabled the Board to report on the 
effectiveness of internal control. Following its review the 

Board determined that it was not aware of any significant 
deficiency or material weakness in the system of internal 
control.

Auditor independence

The Board is satisfied that Ernst & Young LLP has adequate 
policies  and  safeguards  in  place  to  ensure  that  auditor 
objectivity  and  independence  is  maintained.  The  Group 
meets  its  obligations  for  maintaining  an  appropriate 
relationship  with  the  external  auditors  through  the 
Audit  Committee,  whose  terms  of  reference  include 
an  obligation  to  consider  and  keep  under  review  the 
degree of work undertaken by the external auditor, other 
than  the  statutory  audit,  to  ensure  such  objectivity  and 
independence is safeguarded. There is also an established 
policy for the work the external auditors can and cannot 
do  so  as  not  to  compromise  their  independence  and 
in  addition,  the  Chairman  of  the  Audit  Committee  is 
consulted prior to awarding to the external auditors any 
non-audit services in excess of £20,000.

During  the  year  the  Audit  Committee  considered 
the  following  factors  in  assessing  the  objectivity  and 
independence of Ernst & Young LLP:

•	

•	

•	

The  auditors’  procedures 
for  maintaining  and 
monitoring  independence,  including  those  to  ensure 
that the partners and staff have no personal or business 
relationships with the Group, other than those in the 
normal  course  of  business  permitted  by  UK  ethical 
guidance.
The  auditors’  policies  for  the  rotation  of  the  lead 
partner and key audit personnel.
Adherence  by  management  and  the  auditor  to  the 
Group’s  policy  for  the  procurement  of  non-audit 
services.

Compliance with the 
Combined Code

The Directors consider that the Group has, during the year 
ended 31 March 2009, complied with the requirements of 
the Combined Code.

By order of the Board
Malcolm Windeatt
Company Secretary,  
18 May 2009

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

29

30

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

Directors’ remuneration 
report

Information not subject to audit

Remuneration Committee

The  Remuneration  Committee  comprises  the  Non-
Executive  Directors  Patrick  Farnsworth  (Chairman  of  the 
Committee)  and  John  Worby.  The  Executive  Chairman 
attends the meetings in an advisory capacity as requested. 
The  Committee  determines  the  remuneration  of  the 
Company’s  Executive  Directors  and  puts  forward  its 
recommendations  for  approval  by  the  Board.  During  the 
previous year the Committee used the firm of Deloitte as 
remuneration  consultants  and  the  Committee  has  used 
their  advice  together  with  a  review  of  the  remuneration 
levels  at  quoted  companies  of  comparable  size  when 
assessing  the  Executive  Directors’  remuneration  level. 
The  remuneration  of  the  Non-Executive  Directors  is 
determined  by  the  Executive  Directors  and  reflects  the 
time, commitment and responsibility of their roles.

Remuneration policy

The  Group’s  policy  is  that  the  overall  remuneration 
package  offered  by  the  Group  should  be  sufficiently 
competitive  to  attract,  retain  and  motivate  high  quality 
executives and to align the rewards of the Executives with 
the  progress  of  the  Group  whilst  giving  consideration 
to  salary  levels  in  similar  sized  quoted  companies  in  the 
sector and in the region. The remuneration package is in 
two parts; a non performance part represented by the basic 
salary  (including  benefits)  and  a  significant  performance 
related element in the form of a profit related bonus and 
share based awards. The share based awards are granted 
by  the  Remuneration  Committee  and  only  vest  on  the 
achievement of demanding targets aligned to Shareholder 
returns  and  earnings  per  share.  The  details  of  individual 
components  of  the  remuneration  package  and  service 
contracts are set out below:

Basic salary and benefits
The  non  performance  basic  salary,  car  allowance  and 
benefits are reviewed annually and are effective from the 
1 May. Benefits principally comprise medical insurance.

Bonus scheme 
The bonus scheme in operation is based on the achievement 
of Group profit targets. The targets are set having regard 
to the Company’s budget and market outlook for the year. 
For  the  year  to  March  2009,  this  took  into  account  the 
challenging economic conditions at the start of the year. 
A fixed sum is payable when the target is achieved with 
a  percentage  being  payable  for  results  in  excess  of  the 
target. The total bonus is capped at 150 per cent of basic 
salary. Non-Executive Directors do not participate in the 
Group’s bonus scheme. Incentive payments and benefits 
are not pensionable.

Share options
The basic salary and the bonus scheme are intended as 
the  most  significant  part  of  Directors’  remuneration;  in 
addition, executive share options can be proposed by the 
Remuneration Committee and are granted periodically to 
promote  the  involvement  of  senior  management  in  the 
longer  term  success  of  the  Group.  Options  can  only  be 
exercised if certain performance criteria are achieved by 
the Group. For executive options these criteria are based 
on total shareholder return over the 3 year performance 
period  and  require  the  Group  to  be  in  the  top  half  of  a 
basket  of  food  companies  quoted  on  the  London  Stock 
Exchange. The comparison companies are ABF plc, Carrs 
Milling  Industries  plc,  Dairy  Crest  Group  plc,  Devro  plc, 
Glanbia  plc,  Greencore  plc,  Northern  Foods  plc,  Robert 
Wiseman  Dairies  plc,  and  Uniq  plc.  For  the  Long  Term 
Incentive Plan (“LTIP”) half the shares granted under the 
LTIP  are  subject  to  an  earnings  per  share  (”EPS”)  target 
measured  against  average  annual  increases  in  the  retail 
price index (“RPI”) over a three year period and the other 
half to a total shareholder return (“TSR”) target measured 
against  a  comparable  group  of  food  companies  over  a 

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

31

three  year  period.  The  comparison  companies  are  Carrs 
Milling  Industries  plc,  Dairy  Crest  Group  plc,  Devro  plc, 
Glanbia  plc,  Greencore  plc,  Northern  Foods  plc,  Robert 
Wiseman  Dairies  plc,  Premier  Foods  plc  and  Uniq  plc. 
The  EPS  target  allows  25  per  cent  of  the  shares  subject 
to the target to be issued at nil cost at an average annual 
outperformance  of  3  per  cent  and  100  per  cent  of  the 
shares at an average annual outperformance of 7 per cent 
with outperformance between 3 and 7 per cent rewarded 
pro rata. The TSR target allows 50 per cent of the shares 
subject to the target to be issued at nil cost at the 50th 
percentile  and  100  per  cent  at  the  75th  percentile  with 
performance  between  the  50th  and  75th  percentiles 
rewarded  pro-rata.  The  Remuneration  Committee,  who 
decides whether performance conditions have been met, 
considers these to be the most appropriate measures of 
the long term performance of the Group. Directors may 
also apply for SAYE options on the same terms as apply to 
all other employees. 

Pensions    
Executive Directors are members of the Group “money-
purchase”  pension  scheme.  Employer  contributions  are 
determined by the service contracts. In some cases there 
are  payments  in  lieu  of  pension  contributions  at  the 
option of the individual.

Service contracts
The service contracts for Martin Davey, Derek Black and 
Bernard Hoggarth include one year notice periods from 1 
May 2006 except in the case of a takeover of the Company 
when the notice period is 2 years for the first six months 
following the take-over. John Lindop and Adam Couch have 
one year rolling contracts which commenced on 30 June 
2004  and  1  May  2006  respectively.  Patrick  Farnsworth 
and John Worby have two year appointment letters from 
1  January  2008.  The  contracts  for  Martin  Davey,  Derek 
Black,  Bernard  Hoggarth  and  John  Lindop  have  special 
provisions  relating  to  liquidated  damages  requiring  that 
the notice period stipulated in the contract will be paid in 

Five year sharholder return

full. For the other contracts the Remuneration Committee 
will  consider  the  circumstances  of  an  early  termination 
and  determine  compensation  payments  accordingly.  As 
previously  stated  Derek  Black  left  the  Company  on  24 
April 2009.

Performance graph
The  graph  below  shows  the  percentage  change  (from  a 
base of 100 in May 2005) in the total shareholder return 
(with  dividends  reinvested)  for  each  of  the  last  five 
years on a holding of the Company’s shares against the 
corresponding  change  in  a  hypothetical  holding  in  the 
shares  in  the  FTSE  350  Food  Producers  and  Processors 
Price  Index  (“FTSE  FPP”)  and  the  FTSE  All  Share  Index 
(“FTSE All Share”). The FTSE FPP and the FTSE All Share 
were chosen as representative benchmarks of the sector 
and the market as a whole for the business.

Information subject to audit

Directors’ remuneration

The  remuneration  of  Directors  for  the  year  was  as 
follows:

Salary and fees                    
Bonuses
Benefits
Payment in lieu of pension contribution 

Pension contribution

2009
£’000

2,044
1,794
9
77

3,924

509

4,433

2008
£’000

1,967
788
6
249

3,010

448

3,458

Aggregate notional gains made by 
Directors on exercise of options

18

9

Cranswick
FTSE All Shares
FTSE 350 Food Producers

Source: Investec

32

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

Individual Directors’ remuneration, including 
pension contributions:

Salary
and fees
£’000

Bonus

Other

Benefits

£’000

£’000

£’000

36
-
41

331
359
586
457
234

-
-
-

75
487
487
487
258

-
-
-

-

77
-
-

-
-
-

1
3
2
2
1

Total
2009
£’000

36
-
41

407
849
1,152
946
493

Total
2008
£’000

Pension
2009
£’000

Pension
2008
£’000

35
53
38

564
505
789
684
342

-
-
-

62
68
114
95
170

-
11
-

59
63
105
81
129

Non-Executive 
Directors:
PW Farnsworth
RN Taylor
JG Worby 

Executive Directors:
DJ Black
AH Couch 
MTP Davey
B Hoggarth
JD Lindop

“Other” comprises payments in lieu of pension contribution. 
Benefits principally comprise medical insurance.

Sheep  Brewery  plc.  His  fees  in  this  capacity  are  paid  to 
the Company; amounts receivable for the year ended 31 
March 2009 were £11,383 (2008 - £10,980).

The number of Directors who were active members of the 
money  purchase  pension  scheme  during  the  year  was  5 
(2008 - 6).

Share options

Martin Davey was a Non-Executive Director of Thornton’s 
plc until his resignation on 5 December 2008. His fees in this 
capacity were paid to the Company; amounts receivable 
for the year ended 31 March 2009 were £32,250 (2008 - 
£41,675). John Lindop is a Non-Executive Director of Black 

Executive share option scheme

The Group operates an executive share option scheme and 
a long term incentive plan for senior executives, including 
Directors, and a savings related share option scheme which 
is available to all employees. The interests of the Directors 
in these schemes were as follows:

At 1 April  
2008
No

50,000

50,000

50,000

50,000

DJ Black

AH Couch 

MTP Davey

B Hoggarth

JD Lindop

  50,000

Granted  
in the year 
No

Exercised  
in the year
No

Lapsed At 31 March 
2009
No

No

Exercise price

Range of 
exercise dates

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

50,000

p

601.0

50,000

601.0

50,000

601.0

50,000

601.0

50,000

601.0

4 July 2008/
3 July 2015

4 July 2008/
3 July 2015

4 July 2008/
3 July 2015

4 July 2008/
3 July 2015

4 July 2008/
3 July 2015

No share options were exercised in the year apart from the 
SAYE Scheme shown below.

The executive share options of each Director are exercisable 
subject  to  the  attainment  of  performance  criteria  based 
on  the  total  return  to  Shareholders  during  the  3  year 
performance  period  being  in  the  top  half  of  a  basket  of 

food  companies  quoted  on  the  London  Stock  Exchange. 
The  performance  criteria  relating  to  these  options  have 
been  achieved;  however  the  options  have  not  yet  been 
exercised.

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

33

Long term incentive plan

At 1 April 
2008
No

Granted  
in the year 
No

Exercised 
in the year
No

Lapsed At 31 March 
2009
No

No

Exercise 
price
p

Range of 
exercise dates

DJ Black

AH Couch 

MTP Davey

B Hoggarth

JD Lindop

50,000

50,000

50,000

50,000

  50,000

25,000

25,000

25,000

25,000

25,000

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

75,000

75,000

75,000

75,000

75,000

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

1 Sept 2009/1 June 2018

1 Sept 2009/1 June 2018

1 Sept 2009/1 June 2018

1 Sept 2009/1 June 2018

1 Sept 2009/1 June 2018

The options of each Director under the Long Term Incentive 
Plan  are  exercisable  after  3  years  on  the  attainment  of 
certain performance criteria detailed on page 76.

The options granted in the year are exercisable between  
1 June 2011 and 1 June 2018. The share price at the time 
of issue was 632p. 

Savings related share option scheme

At 1 April
2008

Granted 
in the year 

Exercised
in the year

Lapsed

At 31 March 
2009

No

2,655

7,474

1,443

1,660

2,367

No

3,067

2,484

2,025

2,025

-

No

-

4,412

-

794

-

No

822

1,785

1,443

866

-

No

4,900

3,761

2,025

2,025

2,367

Weighted
average 
exercise price
p

Range of
exercise dates

436

472

474

474

1 Mar 2010/1 Sept 2016

1 Mar 2013/1 Sept 2016

1 Mar 2012/1 Sept 2012

1 Mar 2012/1 Sept 2012

442

1 Mar 2010/1 Sept 2010

DJ Black

AH Couch 

MTP Davey

B Hoggarth

JD Lindop

The Directors are eligible, as are other employees of the 
Group,  to  participate  in  the  SAYE  scheme,  which  by  its 
nature does not have performance conditions.
The  following  Directors  exercised  savings  related  share 
options during the year:

Number

Date
exercised

Exercise 
Price
p

Market 
Price
p

Notional 
Gain
£’000s

DJ Black

AH Couch 

MTP Davey

P Farnsworth

B Hoggarth

AH Couch

4,412 27 Feb ‘09

264.0

644.0

B Hoggarth

794 27 Feb ’09

471.0

644.0

17

1

JD Lindop

J Worby

Directors’ beneficial interests (unaudited)

 At 31 March 2009
  Ordinary Shares

 At 31 March 2008
  Ordinary Shares

88,758

61,921

200,426

1,121

108,388

109,232

1,641

88,758

55,644

200,426

1,082

107,594

106,513

1,641

Market price of shares
The market price of the Company’s shares at 31 March 
2009 was 544.5 pence per share. The highest and lowest 
market prices during the year for each share option that 
is unexpired at the end of the year are as follows:

Options in issue 
throughout the year

Highest

Lowest

745.0p

506.0p

Options 
the year:

issued  during 

- SAYE

657.0p

544.5p

- Executive

731.5p

511.0p

All the above interests are beneficial. 

There have been no further changes to the above interests 
in the period from 1 April 2009 to 8 May 2009 except in the 
case of the holding of Derek Black, who resigned on 24 April 
2009, and has pledged 73,749 shares as security as part of 
the financing of the deal to buy the Pet Division which was 
sold to the management team led by him on that date.

On behalf of the Board
Patrick Farnsworth
Chairman of the Remuneration Committee,
18 May 2009

34

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate social 
responsibility statement

its 

takes 

responsibilities 

Cranswick 
to  employees, 
customers,  Shareholders  and  the  environment  very 
seriously.  We  increasingly  recognise  that  a  balanced  and 
committed approach to all the aspects of Corporate Social 
Responsibility will bring benefits to all of the Company’s 
stakeholders  and  will  strengthen  our  business  position 
and credentials to facilitate future sustainable growth and 
development.

Workplace

20,000

18,000

16,000

14,000

12,000

10,000

8,000

Accidents per 100,000 employees

2005

2006

2007

2008

2,200

2,000

1,800

1,600

1,400

1,200

1,000

The  Group  aims  to  recruit,  train  and  retain  employees 
who  are  valued  for  their  contribution  and  able  to  fulfil 
their potential in meeting the business objectives of their 
operating unit. The Group companies each have their own 
strategies  for  retaining  staff,  including  the  provision  of 
competitive terms, conditions and share options. 

The  Group  employs  3,541  permanent  members  of  staff 
compared with 3,428 the previous year.  Permanent staff 
levels  are  supplemented  to  take  account  of  promotional 
or  seasonal  activity  by  a  further  1200  agency  personnel. 
Careful auditing of the supplying agencies is carried out to 
ensure adherence to best practice, and for food handlers all 
supplying agencies are required to be registered under the 
Gangmasters (Licensing) Act 2004.

The business takes the health and safety of its employees 
very  seriously  and  is  committed  to  high  levels  of  training 
to  ensure  that  our  factories  and  processes  remain  safe 
and fulfilling places to work. Health and safety is reviewed 
regularly at board level, and each site has NEBOSH trained 
managers  to  take  local  responsibility  and  carry  out  risk 
assessments, training, accident investigation and reduction 
activities. This information is centrally logged into a database 
which is managed, coordinated and reported on by the Group 
Health and Safety Manager. Sites are internally audited to 
ensure that standards are maintained and improved, and the 
Group has committed to accredit all operating sites to meet 
the British Standard 18001 (Occupational Health and Safety 
Management Systems) over the next three years.

Accident  rates  have  shown  a  decrease  over  the  past  four 
years, and we remain focussed on further reduction in both 
reportable accidents (under RIDDOR) and total accident rates.

Total recorded accidents (LHS)           RIDDOR reportable accidents (RHS)

Employee training is an important factor in maintaining a 
safe and efficient workplace, and the Company encourages 
and  supports  appropriate  development  of  all  staff.  The 
Group  has  entered  a  partnership  with  the  East  Riding 
College  to  help  strengthen  its  training  in  Food  Safety, 
Health and Safety and HACCP, and over 1000 employees 
are currently involved in NVQ training at various levels. 

Environment

Following  the  review  of  our  environmental  credentials 
in  2007,  this  year  has  been  dedicated  to  identifying 
improvements and actioning them at a site level. Base year 
(2007) data has been reviewed and our carbon footprint 
recalculated for 2008. Process changes at key sites have 
resulted  in  a  fall  in  the  comparative  carbon  footprint 
by 15%, and we are confident that in the medium term 
we  will  deliver  energy  efficiency  improvements  and 
landfill reductions to help us meet our carbon reduction 
commitments.

level 

Environmental  progress  at  site  and  Group 
is 
measured and reported to the Board against performance 
benchmarks for energy efficiency, water usage, and landfill, 
relative to production tonnages. As awareness of both the 
environmental  and  cost  benefits  of  these  improvements 
grows, so does the impetus for change. Operational directors 
are  measured  against  the  benchmarks  and  best  practice 
information  is  centrally  coordinated  and  communicated 
around the Group, and discussed at Board level. 

We continue to work with the Carbon Trust and Envirowise 
to  bring  external  expertise  to  the  Group.  Longer  term 

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

35

environmental  initiatives  and  innovative  solutions  to 
waste and energy use are now being evaluated. One site 
has been identified which would support the development 
of  wind  energy  and  anaerobic  digestion  offers  a  further 
environmentally  attractive  route,  either  in-house  or 
through partnership. 

Our  waste  stream  to  landfill  has  now  been  significantly 
reduced  through  Waste  to  Energy  Schemes  –  five  sites 
have  shown  a  double  digit  fall  in  landfill  per  tonne  of 
production over the last year. One site in particular has 
reduced  its  landfill  by  over  90%  by  this  route.  As  these 
and  biocomposting  schemes  are  further  developed, 
other  sites  will  have  a  low  carbon  option  for  disposing 
of  an  increased  proportion  of  “conventional”  landfill 
or  rendering  material.  All  sites  are  now  recycling  waste 
cardboard and plastic.

Reductions  in  packaging  weights  continue  through  a 
combination  of  reduced  material  thickness  and  a  move 
away from cardboard sleeves towards printed films. 

The  Cranswick  plc  website  www.cranswick.co.uk  has 
been expanded to cover the environmental initiatives we 
are taking, entitled Greenthinking. We encourage an open 
approach to these issues, and a question and answer element 
and contact facilities are provided to help interested parties 
find the appropriate detail at the desired level.

Three  sites  are  now  certified  under  the  international 
standard for environmental management, ISO14001, with 
a fourth preparing for accreditation. For the first time we 
will participate in the Carbon Disclosure Project for 2009 
www.cdproject.net  in  common  with  over  70%  of  the 
FTSE350 companies.

Key to our food quality is ensuring that our raw materials 
(meat, ingredients and packaging) are traceable to source 
and  where  raw  materials  are  identity  preserved  we  will 
challenge the supplier to prove their traceability systems 
to  our  satisfaction.  The  approval  of  our  raw  material 
suppliers is centrally controlled and involves independent 
third party audit or approval by our own Group Technical 
Services  team.  We  are  committed  to  clear  informative 
labelling  which  allows  consumers  to  make  informed 
purchasing decisions.

Cranswick’s success has been built on the strength and health 
of the British pig market and the Group has always been a 
staunch  supporter  of  the  British  farmer.  Producer  groups 
and  development  initiatives  with  retailers,  farmers  and 
agricultural colleges are all aimed at improving the business 
relationships throughout the pig production chain to bolster 
the market against increasing worldwide competition. 

The Group does not have a formal policy with regard to 
payment of suppliers, but it does agree individual payment 
terms appropriate to their market sector and makes every 
endeavour to meet those agreements. Sites are separately 
managed and encouraged to source locally where it serves 
the Company’s best interests. For instance, approximately 
70%  of  our  contracted  pigs  are  sourced  within  50  miles 
of our pork processing unit near Hull. Central purchasing 
agreements  for  major  purchases  of  raw  materials  and 
consumables are increasingly being implemented to take 
best advantage of the prevailing markets.

We register all our production sites on the SEDEX scheme 
website  to  enable  our  customers  and  suppliers  to  share 
ethical  data  and  assist 
in  continuous  performance 
improvement.

Market place

Community

As  a  business  we  recognise  our  responsibilities  to  create 
and produce food and other products which are safe, legal 
and wholesome. All our food production sites have been 
independently  audited  against  the  requirements  of  the 
BRC Global Standard  for Food  Safety and approved to  a 
Grade A standard. Our customer base is heavily focussed 
on the major retailers and other suppliers into them, both 
of whom audit and monitor our performance to exacting 
standards.  Food  safety  continues  to  be  paramount  and 
qualified  technical  personnel  at  site  level  are  centrally 
coordinated  to  ensure  that  our  products  and  processes 
meet the increasing demands of our customers.

We  aim  to  offer  our  customers  a  range  of  products 
which  are  ethically  acceptable  and  sustainable.  We  have 
actively reduced the level of salt in our products to comply 
with  FSA  targets  and  declare  nutritional  Guideline  Daily 
Amounts  (GDA)  on  our  branded  ranges  and  own-label 
products  for  our  retail  customers  and  we  also  make  a 
number of products which are targeted as healthy eating 
options such as low and reduced fat, including a range for 
‘Weight Watchers’. Where allergens are present these are 
declared on pack and our range includes products which 
are gluten free. 

We encourage our sites to involve themselves in charitable 
activities and participation includes sponsored marathons, 
cycle rides and other fund raising activities. Overall some 
75% of our employees live within 10 miles of their place 
of work, so local involvement particularly in rural locations 
can be very beneficial.

Cranswick are significant employers in many areas of the 
country, and we recognise that as well as being a benefit 
to the community, we can also be an imposition on our 
immediate  neighbours.  Through  consultation  we  aim  to 
be sensitive to their needs and take positive steps to limit 
vehicle movement, noise, odour and other nuisance to co-
exist  with  and  benefit  the  local  economy.  For  example, 
as part of the redevelopment of our pork processing site, 
we have put in new roads to relieve traffic flow into the 
outskirts of the village and planted acres of trees to reduce 
the visual impact of the site.

By order of the Board
Malcolm Windeatt
Company Secretary, 
18 May 2009

36

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

 
Statement of Directors’ 
responsibilities in relation to the 
financial statements

The  Directors  are  responsible  for  preparing  the  Annual 
Report  and  the  financial  statements  in  accordance  with 
applicable  United  Kingdom  law  and  those  International 
Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the European 
Union.

The Directors confirm to the best of their knowledge:

•	

•	

the financial statements, prepared in accordance with 
the applicable set of accounting standards, give a true 
and fair view of the assets, liabilities, financial position 
and  profit  of  Cranswick  plc  and  the  undertakings 
included in the consolidation taken as a whole; and 
the management report includes a fair review of the 
development  and  performance  of  the  business  and 
the  position  of  Cranswick  plc  and  the  undertakings 
included  in  the  consolidation  taken  as  a  whole, 
together with a description of the principal risks and 
uncertainties that they face.

The Directors are required to prepare financial statements 
for each financial year which present fairly the financial 
position  of  the  cash  flows  of  the  Company  and  of  the 
Group  and  the  financial  performance  of  the  Group  for 
that period. In preparing those financial statements, the 
Directors are required to:

•	

select  suitable  accounting  policies  and  then  apply 
them consistently;

•	

•	

•	

present information, including accounting policies, in 
a manner that provides relevant, reliable, comparable 
and understandable information; and
provide additional disclosures when compliance with 
the  specific  requirements  in  IFRSs  is  insufficient  to 
enable  users  to  understand  the  impact  of  particular 
transactions,  other  events  and  conditions  on  the 
entity’s financial position and financial performance; 
and
state that the Company and the Group have complied 
with  IFRSs,  subject  to  any  material  departures 
disclosed and explained in the financial statements.

The Directors are responsible for keeping proper accounting 
records  which  disclose  with  reasonable  accuracy  at  any 
time  the  financial  position  of  the  Company  and  of  the 
Group  and  enable  them  to  ensure  that  the  financial 
statements  comply  with  the  Companies  Act  1985  and 
Article 4 of the IAS Regulation. They are also responsible 
for safeguarding the assets of the Company and hence for 
taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection 
of fraud and other irregularities.

On behalf of the Board

M Davey  
Chairman  
18 May 2009

J Lindop
Finance Director

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

37

 
 
Report of the auditors
to the members of Cranswick plc

Independent auditor’s report to 
the members of Cranswick plc

audited in accordance with relevant legal and regulatory 
requirements  and  International  Standards  on  Auditing 
(UK and Ireland).

We have audited the group and parent company financial 
statements (the “financial statements”) of Cranswick plc 
for  the  year  ended  31  March  2009  which  comprise  the 
Group Income Statement, the Group and Parent Company 
Statements of Recognised Income and Expense, the Group 
and  Parent  Company  Balance  Sheets,  the  Group  and 
Parent Company Cash Flow Statements and  the  related 
notes  1  to  31.  These  financial  statements  have  been 
prepared  under  the  accounting  policies  set  out  therein. 
We  have  also  audited  the  information  in  the  Directors’ 
Remuneration  Report  that  is  described  as  having  been 
audited.

This report is made solely to the Company’s members, as 
a body, in accordance with Section 235 of the Companies 
Act 1985. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we 
might state to the Company’s members those matters we 
are required to state to them in an auditors’ report and 
for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by 
law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone 
other  than  the  Company  and  the  Company’s  members 
as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the 
opinions we have formed.

Respective responsibilities 
of directors and auditors

The  Directors’  responsibilities  for  preparing  the  Annual 
Report,  the  Directors’  Remuneration  Report  and  the 
financial statements in accordance with applicable United 
International  Financial  Reporting 
Kingdom 
Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union are 
set out in the Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities.

law  and 

Our  responsibility  is  to  audit  the  financial  statements 
and the part of the Directors’ Remuneration Report to be 

We report to you our opinion as to whether the financial 
statements  give  a  true  and  fair  view  and  whether  the 
financial  statements  and  the  part  of  the  Directors’ 
Remuneration  Report  to  be  audited  have  been  properly 
prepared  in  accordance  with  the  Companies  Act  1985 
and,  as  regards  the  group  financial  statements,  Article 
4 of the IAS Regulation. We also report to you whether 
in  our  opinion  the  information  given  in  the  Directors’ 
Report  is  consistent  with  the  financial  statements.  The 
information  given  in  the  Directors’  Report  includes  that 
specific  information  presented  in  the  Operating  and 
Financial Review that is cross referred from the Principal 
Activities,  Business  Review  and  Future  Developments 
section of the Directors’ Report. 

In  addition  we  report  to  you  if,  in  our  opinion,  the 
Company  has  not  kept  proper  accounting  records,  if  we 
have not received all the information and explanations we 
require  for  our  audit,  or  if  information  specified  by  law 
regarding Directors’ remuneration and other transactions 
are not disclosed.

We review whether the Corporate Governance Statement 
reflects  the  Company’s  compliance  with  the  nine 
provisions  of  the  2006  Combined  Code  specified  for 
our review by the Listing Rules of the Financial Services 
Authority, and we report if it does not. We are not required 
to  consider  whether  the  board’s  statements  on  internal 
control  cover  all  risks  and  controls,  or  form  an  opinion 
on the effectiveness of the group’s corporate governance 
procedures or its risk and control procedures.

We  read  other  information  contained  in  the  Annual 
Report  and  consider  whether  it  is  consistent  with  the 
audited  financial  statements.  The  other  information 
comprises only the Directors’ Report, the unaudited part 

38

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

of  the  Directors’  Remuneration  Report,  the  Chairman’s 
Statement,  the  Review  of  Activities,  the  Operating  and 
Financial  Review,  the  Corporate  Social  Responsibility 
Statement, the Corporate Governance Statement, the five 
year statement and Shareholder information. We consider 
the  implications  for  our  report  if  we  become  aware  of 
any  apparent  misstatements  or  material  inconsistencies 
with the financial statements. Our responsibilities do not 
extend to any other information.

Basis of audit opinion

We conducted our audit in accordance with International 
Standards  on  Auditing  (UK  and  Ireland)  issued  by  the 
Auditing Practices Board. An audit includes examination, 
on a test basis, of evidence relevant to the amounts and 
disclosures  in  the  financial  statements  and  the  part  of 
the Directors’ Remuneration Report to be audited. It also 
includes  an  assessment  of  the  significant  estimates  and 
judgments  made  by  the  Directors  in  the  preparation  of 
the financial statements, and of whether the accounting 
policies  are  appropriate  to  the  Group’s  and  Company’s 
circumstances,  consistently  applied  and  adequately 
disclosed.

We planned and performed our audit so as to obtain all 
the  information  and  explanations  which  we  considered 
necessary in order to provide us with sufficient evidence 
to give reasonable assurance that the financial statements 
and the part of the Directors’ Remuneration Report to be 
audited  are  free  from  material  misstatement,  whether 
caused by fraud or other irregularity or error. In forming 
our opinion we also evaluated the overall adequacy of the 
presentation  of  information  in  the  financial  statements 
and the part of the Directors’ Remuneration Report to be 
audited.

Opinion

In our opinion:
•	

the  group  financial  statements  give  a  true  and  fair 
view,  in  accordance  with  IFRSs  as  adopted  by  the 
European Union, of the state of the Group’s affairs as 
at 31 March 2009 and of its profit for the year then 
ended;
the parent company financial statements give a true 
and fair view, in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by 
the European Union as applied in accordance with the 
provisions of the Companies Act 1985, of the state of 
the parent company’s affairs as at 31 March 2009;
the financial statements and the part of the Directors’ 
Remuneration Report to be audited have been properly 
prepared in accordance with the Companies Act 1985 
and, as regards the group financial statements, Article 
4 of the IAS Regulation; and
the  information  given  in  the  Directors’  Report  is 
consistent with the financial statements.

•	

•	

•	

Ernst & Young LLP
Registered auditor 
Hull, 18 May 2009

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

39

Group income statement
for the year ended 31 March 2009

2009

2008

Before
exceptionals

Exceptionals

Total

Before
exceptionals

Exceptionals

Total

£’000

£’000

£’000

£’000

£’000

£’000

606,774  -

606,774

559,229  -

559,229

N
o
t
e
s

3

Revenue

Cost of sales

Gross profit

Operating profit from  
continuing operations

Profit on disposal of property,  
plant and equipment

Profit from continuing 
operations before finance and 
taxation

Finance revenue

Finance costs

Profit from continuing 
operations before tax 

Operating expenses

(46,984)  -

(46,984)

(39,157)  -

(521,402)  -

85,372  -

(521,402)

(483,589)  -

85,372

75,640  -

(483,589)

75,640

(39,157)

4

38,388  -

38,388

36,483  -

36,483

5  -

 -

 -

 -

830

830

3

 7   

7

38,388  -

3  -

(3,703)  -

38,388

36,483

830

37,313

3

4  -

(3,703)

(4,330)  -

4

(4,330)

32,987

(9,162)

830

425

Taxation

8,5

(9,951)

(6,063)

(16,014)

(9,587)

34,688  -

34,688

32,157

24,737

(6,063)

18,674

22,570

1,255

23,825

314

18,988

 -

18,988

18,988

53.7p

53.5p

55.5p

55.4p

40.5p

40.4p

41.2p

41.1p

49.1p

48.8p

51.9p

51.6p

1,832

25,657

25,605

52

25,657

51.9p

51.5p

55.9p

55.5p

Profit for the year from 
continuing operations

Discontinued operations:

Profit for the year from 
discontinued operations 

Profit for the year

Profit for the year attributable 
to:

Equity holders of the parent

Minority interest

Earnings per share (pence)

From continuing operations:

Basic 

Diluted

On profit for the year:

Basic

Diluted

9

25

12

12

12

12

40

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

Group statement of recognised income and expense
for the year ended 31 March 2009

Income and expense recognised directly in equity

Movement on hedging items:

Amount recognised in equity during the period
Amount removed from equity and included in the income statement

Exchange differences on retranslation of foreign operations

Deferred tax recognised directly in equity

Corporation tax recognised directly in equity

Net (expense)/income recognised directly in equity

Profit for the year

Total recognised income and expense for the year

Attributable to:

Equity holders of the parent

Minority interest

2009
£’000

2008
  £’000

263
(1,029)

(29)

303

39

(453)

18,988

18,535

 -

18,535

18,535

504
196

(17)

(725)

88

46

25,657

25,703

25,651

52

25,703

Company statement of recognised income and expense
for the year ended 31 March 2009

Income and expense recognised directly in equity

Movement on hedging items:

Amount recognised in equity during the period
Amount removed from equity and included in the income statement

Deferred tax recognised directly in equity

Net income/(expense) recognised directly in equity

Profit for the year

Total recognised income and expense for the year

2009
£’000

2008
  £’000

124
(70)

15

69

9,385

9,454

(432)
196

20

(216)

11,011

10,795

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

41

N
o
t
e
s

13

14

16

17

18

  26

2009
£’000

2008
£’000

117,756

91,688

209,444

28,464

73,655

263

4,399

106,781

117,756

92,721

210,477

30,638

77,348

1,029

3,770

112,785

9

20,387

 -

336,612

323,262

19

20

21

(75,273)

(34,872)

(5,955)

(334)

(73,025)

(31,811)

(3,798)

(153)

(116,434)

(108,787)

19  -

20

8

21

9

23

25

25

25

25

(36,382)

(11,557)

(1,166)

(49,105)

(8)

(50,414)

(7,463)

(1,336)

(59,221)

(4,591)

 -

(170,130)

(168,008)

166,482

155,254

4,646

49,760

2,939

239

108,898

166,482

4,623

48,693

1,939

1,034

98,965

155,254

Group balance sheet
31 March 2009

Non-current assets

Goodwill

Property, plant and equipment

Total non-current assets

Current assets

Inventories

Trade and other receivables

Other financial assets

Cash and cash equivalents

Total current assets

Assets held for sale

Total assets

Current liabilities

Trade and other payables

Other financial liabilities

Income tax payable

Provisions

Total current liabilities

Non-current liabilities

Other payables

Other financial liabilities

Deferred tax liabilities

Provisions

Total non-current liabilities

Liabilities held for sale

Total liabilities

Net assets

Equity

Called-up share capital

Share premium account

Share-based payments

Hedging and translation reserves

Retained earnings

Equity attributable to members of the parent company

M Davey  
Chairman  
18 May 2009

J Lindop
Finance Director

42

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

 
 
 
 
Company balance sheet
31 March 2009

Non-current assets

Property, plant and equipment 

Investments in subsidiary undertakings

Deferred tax assets

Total non-current assets

Current assets

Trade and other receivables

Other financial assets

Total current assets

Non-current assets held for sale

Total assets

Current liabilities

Trade and other payables

Other financial liabilities

Income tax payable

Total current liabilities

Non-current liabilities

Other financial liabilities

Deferred tax liabilities

Total non-current liabilities

Total liabilities

Net assets

Equity

Called-up share capital

Share premium account

General reserve

Merger reserve

Share-based payments

Hedging reserve

Retained earnings

Equity attributable to members of the parent company

M Davey  
Chairman  
18 May 2009

J Lindop
Finance Director

2009
£’000

2008
£’000

1,959

155,426

2,348

155,426

23

 -

157,408

157,774

22,167

124

22,291

343

 -

44,239

70

44,309

180,042

202,083

N
o
t
e
s

14

15

8

17

18

9

19

20

(46,048)

(28,290)

(216)

(74,554)

20

(36,382)

8  -

(36,382)

(54,994)

(28,518)

(90)

(83,602)

(50,414)

(359)

(50,773)

(110,936)

(134,375)

69,106

67,708

23

25

25

25

25

25

25

4,646

49,760

4,000

1,806

568

124

8,202

69,106

4,623

48,693

4,000

1,806

317

70

8,199

67,708

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

43

 
 
 
 
Group cash flow statement
for the year ended 31 March 2009

Operating activities

Profit for the year 

Adjustments to reconcile Group profit for the year  
to net cash inflows from operating activities

Tax on discontinued operations

Tax on continuing operations

Net finance costs

Depreciation and impairment of property, plant and equipment

Share based payments

Release of government grants

Profit on sale of property, plant and equipment

Increase in inventories and biological assets

Increase in trade and other receivables

Increase in trade and other payables

Cash generated from operations

Tax paid

Net cash from operating activities

Cash flows from investing activities

Interest received

Acquisition of subsidiaries

Purchase of property, plant and equipment

Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment

Proceeds from sale of subsidiary

Net cash used in investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities

Interest paid

Proceeds from issue of share capital

Proceeds from borrowings

Issue costs of long-term borrowings

Repayment of borrowings

Dividends paid

Net cash used in financing activities

Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period

Effect of foreign exchange rates

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

44

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

N
o
t
e
s

2009
£’000

2008
£’000

18,988

25,657

(820)

16,014

3,971

13,859

1,000

(7)

(87)

(3,966)

(1,971)

6,381

53,362

(8,602)

44,760

3

525

9,162

4,646

10,090

921

(29)

(2,170)

(6,077)

(10,209)

7,732

40,248

(9,046)

31,202

4

(54)

(20,948)

(25,295)

258

4,228

500

(20,687)

(20,617)

 -

 -

(3,591)

462

59,000

(1,280)

(70,206)

(8,769)

(24,384)

(311)

(7,698)

(29)

(8,038)

(5,332)

683

(5,420)

(7,734)

(17,803)

(7,218)

(494)

14

(7,698)

 -

 -

26

26

Company cash flow statement
for the year ended 31 March 2009

Operating activities

Profit for the year 

Adjustments to reconcile profit for the year  
to net cash inflows from operating activities

Dividends received

Taxation

Net finance costs

Depreciation and impairment of property, plant and equipment

Share based payments

Decrease in trade and other receivables

Decrease in trade and other payables

Cash generated from operations

Tax paid

Net cash from operating activities

Cash flows from investing activities

Dividends received

Purchase of property, plant and equipment

Payments to acquire investments in subsidiaries

Proceeds from sale of investments in subsidiaries 

Net cash from investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities

Interest paid

Dividends paid to equity Shareholders

Proceeds from issue of share capital

Proceeds from borrowings

Issue costs of long-term borrowings

Repayment of borrowings

Net cash used in financing activities

Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

26

26

N
o
t
e
s

2009
£’000

2008
£’000

9,385

11,011

(8,769)

108

8,064

171

251

22,445

(9,245)

22,410

(349)

22,061

8,769

(125)

-

-

(9,772)

163

10,743

33

107

25,597

(30,811)

7,071

(151)

6,920

9,772

(42)

(16)

500

8,644

10,214

(7,592)

(8,769)

462

59,000

(1,280)

(70,171)

(28,350)

2,355

(8,512)

(6,157)

(11,073)

(7,734)

683

-

-

(5,420)

(23,544)

(6,410)

(2,102)

(8,512)

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

45

 
Notes to the accounts

1. Authorisation of financial statements 
  and statement of compliance with IFRS

The Group and Company financial statements of Cranswick plc (the “Company”) for the year ended 31 March 2009 were 
authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on 18 May 2009 and the balance sheets were signed on the Board’s behalf 
by M Davey and J Lindop. Cranswick plc is a public limited company incorporated and domiciled in England and Wales. 
The Company’s ordinary shares are traded on the London Stock Exchange.

The Group’s financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards 
(IFRS) as adopted by the European Union. The Company’s financial statements have been prepared in accordance with 
IFRS as adopted by the European Union and as applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006. 
The principal accounting policies adopted by the Group and by the Company are set out in note 2.

The Company has taken advantage of the exemption provided under section 408 of the Companies Act 2006 not to 
publish its individual income statement and related notes.

2. Accounting policies 

Basis of preparation
The financial statements of Cranswick plc, both consolidated and company, have been prepared under IFRS as adopted by 
the European Union. A summary of the principal accounting policies, which have been consistently applied throughout 
the year and the preceding year, is as follows:

Basis of consolidation
The Group financial statements consolidate the financial statements of Cranswick plc and its subsidiaries. The results of 
undertakings acquired or sold are consolidated for the periods from the date of acquisition or up to the date of disposal. 
Acquisitions are accounted for under the purchase method of accounting.

Judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty
The preparation of financial statements requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect 
the  amounts  reported  for  assets  and  liabilities  as  at  the  balance  sheet  date  and  the  amounts  reported  for  revenues  and 
expenses during the year. However, the nature of estimation means that actual outcomes could differ from those estimates.

In the process of applying the Group’s accounting policies, management has made the following judgements, apart from those 
involving estimations, which have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the financial statements:

•	

•	

•	

Share based payments

Note 24 – measurement of share based payments

Goodwill

Provisions

Note 13 – measurement of the recoverable amount of cash generating units containing goodwill

Note 21 – provisions

46

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

Foreign currencies
In the accounts of the Group’s companies, individual transactions denominated in foreign currencies are translated into 
functional currency at the actual exchange rates ruling at the dates of the transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities 
denominated in foreign currencies are translated into functional currency at the rates ruling at the balance sheet date. 
Profits and losses on both individual foreign currency transactions during the year and monetary assets and liabilities are 
dealt with in the income statement.

On consolidation, the income statements of the overseas subsidiaries are translated at the average exchange rates for 
the year and the balance sheets at the exchange rates at the balance sheet date. The exchange differences arising as a 
result of translating income statements at weighted average rates and restating opening net assets at closing rates are 
taken to the translation reserve and the gain or loss on disposal of an overseas subsidiary is calculated after taking into 
account cumulative exchange gains or losses in respect of that subsidiary. Cumulative exchange differences at the date 
of transition to IFRS were deemed to be nil. 

Revenue
Revenue is recognised to the extent it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Group and the revenue and 
any associated costs can be measured reliably. Revenue on the sale of goods is recognised when the significant risks and 
rewards of ownership of the goods have passed to the buyer on despatch and represents the value of sales to customers net 
of discounts, similar allowances and estimates of returns and excludes value added tax.

Intangible assets
Goodwill is the excess of the fair value of the consideration paid for a business over the fair value of the identifiable assets, 
liabilities and contingent liabilities acquired. Goodwill is capitalised and subject to an impairment review, both annually and 
when there are indications that the carrying value may not be recoverable. 

Impairment is determined by assessing the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the goodwill relates. 
Where the recoverable amount is less than the carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognised. When an entity is disposed 
of, any goodwill associated with it is included in the carrying amount of the operation when determining the gain or loss on 
disposal except that goodwill arising on acquisitions prior to 31 March 2004 which was previously deducted from equity is 
not recycled through the income statement.

Intangible assets acquired as part of an acquisition of a business are capitalised at fair value separately from goodwill only if 
the fair value can be measured reliably on initial recognition and the future economic benefits are expected to flow to the 
Group.

Taxation
Current tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation 
authorities, based on tax rates and laws that are enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date. Deferred 
tax is provided on temporary differences at the balance sheet date between the tax base of assets and liabilities and their 
carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes.

Deferred income tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable temporary differences:

i)  except where the deferred income tax liability arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or the initial recognition 
of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects 
neither accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss; and
in respect of taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, except where the timing of 
the reversal of the temporary differences can be controlled and it is probable that the temporary differences will not 
reverse in the foreseeable future.

ii) 

Deferred income tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, carry-forward of unused tax assets 
and unused tax losses, to the extent that it is probable that the temporary differences will reverse in the foreseeable 
future and taxable profits will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilised:

i)  except  where  the  deferred 

income  tax  asset  relating  to  the  deductible  temporary  difference  arises 
from  the  initial  recognition  of  an  asset  or  a  liability  in  a  transaction  that  is  not  a  business  combination 

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

47

and,  at  the  time  of  the  transaction,  affects  neither  the  accounting  profit  nor  taxable  profit  or  loss;  and 

ii) 

in respect of deductible temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, deferred tax assets are 
only recognised to the extent that it is probable that the temporary differences will reverse in the foreseeable future 
and taxable profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilised.

Deferred  income  tax  assets  and  liabilities  are  measured  at  the  tax  rates  that  apply  to  the  period  when  the  asset  is 
realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at 
the balance sheet date.

Income taxes relating to items recognised directly in equity are recognised in equity and not in the income statement. 
Otherwise income tax is recognised in the income statement.

Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment are included at cost less accumulated depreciation and any provision for impairment.

Freehold land is not depreciated. Depreciation is charged on property, plant and equipment on the depreciable amount, being 
cost less the estimated residual value (based on prices prevailing at the balance sheet date) on a straight line basis over their 
estimated useful economic lives, or the estimated useful economic lives of their individual parts.

Useful economic lives are principally as follows:

Freehold buildings 
Short leasehold improvements  
Plant and equipment 
Motor vehicles 

50 years
Residue of lease
5 - 11 years
4 years

The carrying value of property, plant and equipment is reviewed for impairment individually or at the cash generating unit 
level when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable.

Capitalised borrowing costs
Borrowing  costs  incurred  in  financing  the  construction  of  qualifying  assets  such  as  property,  plant  and  equipment  are 
capitalised up to the date at which the relevant asset is substantially complete. Borrowing costs are calculated using the 
Group’s weighted average cost of borrowing during the period of capitalisation. All other borrowing costs are expensed as 
incurred.

Accounting for leases
i)  Finance leases

Assets which are financed by leasing agreements that transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership 
to the lessee (finance leases) are capitalised at the inception of the lease at fair value or, if lower, the present value 
of the minimum lease payments, in ‘Property, plant and equipment’ and the corresponding capital cost is shown 
as an obligation to the lessor in ‘Borrowings’. Depreciation is charged to the income statement over the shorter 
of the estimated useful life and the term of the lease. The interest element of the rental obligations is allocated 
to accounting periods during the lease term to reflect a constant rate of interest on the remainder of the capital 
amount outstanding.

ii)  Operating leases

Leases, which are not finance leases, are classified as operating leases. Lease payments are charged to the income 
statement on a straight line basis over the term of the lease.

Government grants and contributions
UK Regional Development Grants and grants receivable from the European Union and DEFRA in respect of property, 
plant  and  equipment  are  credited  to  deferred  income  and  released  to  the  income  statement  over  the  relevant 
depreciation period.

48

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
Inventories
Inventories, with the exception of biological assets (tropical marine fish), are stated at the lower of cost (on a first in, 
first out basis) and net realisable value after making allowance for any obsolete or slow-moving items. In the case of 
finished goods, cost comprises direct materials, direct labour and an appropriate proportion of manufacturing fixed and 
variable overheads based on a normal level of activity.

Biological assets
Biological assets are included in the balance sheet at fair value less estimated point of sale costs. Gains and losses are 
charged to the income statement in the period in which they arise.

Cash and cash equivalents
Cash equivalents are defined as cash at bank and in hand including short term deposits with original maturity within 
3 months. For the purposes of the Group cash flow statement, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and cash 
equivalents net of outstanding bank overdrafts.

Financial instruments
i)  Debt instruments, including bank borrowings

Debt instruments are initially recognised at the fair value of net proceeds received after the deduction of issue costs. 
Subsequently debt instruments are recognised at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Issue costs are 
charged to the income statement over the term of the debt at a constant rate on the balance sheet carrying amount 
under the effective interest method.

ii)  Derivative financial instruments 

The  Group  uses  derivative  financial  instruments  such  as  foreign  currency  contracts  and  interest  rate  swaps  to 
hedge its cash flow risks associated with interest rate and foreign currency fluctuations. Such derivative financial 
instruments are stated at fair value.

The fair value of forward contracts is calculated by reference to current forward exchange rates for contracts with a 
similar maturity profile. The fair value of interest rate swaps is determined by reference to market values for similar 
instruments.

Where derivatives meet the hedging criteria under IAS 39 for cash flow hedges the portion of the gain or loss on the 
hedging instrument that is determined to be an effective hedge is recognised directly in equity and the ineffective 
portion is recognised in the income statement. Gains or losses recognised in equity are transferred to the income 
statement in the same period in which the hedged item affects the net profit or loss.

For derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting under IAS 39, any gains or losses arising from changes in fair 
value are taken directly to net profit or loss for the period.

Employee benefits
i)  Pensions

The Group operates a number of defined contribution schemes for employees under which contributions are paid into 
schemes managed by major insurance companies. Contributions are calculated as a percentage of employees’ earnings 
and obligations for contributions to the schemes are recognised as cost of sales or operating expenses in the income 
statement in the period in which they arise.

ii)  Equity settled share based payments

The Group operates a savings related share option scheme under which options have been granted to Group employees 
(‘SAYE scheme’). The Group reflects in the income statement the cost of share based payments granted to its own 
employees. The fair value of options granted after 7 November 2002 which had not vested prior to 1 January 2005 is 
calculated using the Black-Scholes model and the resulting cost is charged to the income statement over the vesting 
period.

In addition, the Group operates an Executive share option scheme and a Long Term Incentive Plan (‘LTIP’) for Senior 
Executives. Share options issued are exercisable subject to the attainment of certain market based and non-market based 
performance criteria. The fair value of options granted after 7 November 2002 which had not vested prior to 1 January 

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

49

2005, is calculated using mathematical models, including the Black-Scholes model, modified for the impact of market 
based performance criteria and the resulting cost is charged to the income statement over the vesting period.

The Company and Group re-assesses its estimate of the number of options that are expected to become exercisable 
at each balance sheet date as a result of changes in the expectation of achievement of non-market based performance 
conditions. Any adjustments to the original estimates are recognised in the income statement.

Non-current assets held for sale
Non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of carrying amount and fair 
value less costs to sell. Non-current assets and disposal groups are classified as held for sale if their carrying amounts will be 
recovered through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use. This condition is regarded as met only when the 
sale is highly probable and the asset or disposal group is available for immediate sale in its present condition. Management 
must be committed to the sale, which should be expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale within one year 
from the date of classification. 

In the consolidated income statement for the reporting period, and for the comparable period of the previous year, income 
and expenses from discontinued operations are reported separately from continuing income and expenses down to the level 
of profit after taxes, even when the Group retains a non-controlling interest in the subsidiary after the sale. The resulting 
profit or loss (after taxes) is reported separately in the income statement.

Property, plant and equipment once classified as held for sale are not depreciated.

Exceptional items
Exceptional items are material items which derive from events or transactions that fall within the ordinary activities of the 
reporting entity and which individually or, if of a similar type, in aggregate need to be disclosed by virtue of their size or 
incidence if the financial statements are to give a true and fair view.

Dividends
Dividends receivable by the Company are recognised in the income statement if they are declared, appropriately authorised 
and no longer at the discretion of the entity paying the dividend, prior to the balance sheet date. Dividends payable by 
the Company are recognised when declared and therefore final dividends proposed after the balance sheet date are not 
recognised as a liability at the balance sheet date. Dividends paid to Shareholders are shown as a movement in equity rather 
than on the face of the income statement.

Investments
Investments in subsidiaries are shown at cost less any provision for impairment.

New standards and interpretations applied
The Group has adopted the following new IFRIC interpretations during the year. Adoption of these interpretations did not 
have any effect on the financial performance or position of the Group.

International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (IFRIC)

IFRIC 12

IFRIC 14

Service Concession Arrangements

The Limit on a Defined Benefit Asset, Minimum Funding Requirement and their Interaction

New standards and interpretations not applied

The IASB and IFRIC have issued a number of new standards and interpretations with an effective date after the date of these 
financial statements. The Directors do not consider that the adoption of these standards and interpretations will have a 
material impact on the Group’s and Company’s financial statements in the period of initial application. The standards not 
applied are as follows:

50

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

International Accounting Standards (IAS/IFRS)

Effective date

IFRS 1 and IAS 27

Cost of an Investment in a Subsidiary, Jointly Controlled Entity or Associate

1 January 2009

IFRS 2

IFRS 3

IFRS 7

IFRS 8

IAS 1

IAS 23

IAS 27

Share-based Payments – Vesting Conditions and Cancellations

Business Combinations (revised January 2008)

Financial Instruments - Disclosures (amended)

Operating Segments

Presentation of Financial Statements (revised September 2007)

Borrowing Costs (revised March 2007)

Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements (amended)

IAS 32 and IAS 1

Financial Instruments Puttable at Fair Value and Obligations 
arising on Liquidation

IAS 39

Eligible Hedged Items

Improvements to IFRS

International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (IFRIC)

IFRIC 13

IFRIC 15

IFRIC 16

IFRIC 17

Customer Loyalty Programmes

Agreements for the Construction of Real Estate 

Hedges of a Net Investment in a Foreign Operation 

Distributions of Non-cash Assets

1 January 2009

1 July 2009

1 January 2009

1 January 2009

1 January 2009

1 January 2009

1 July 2009

1 January 2009

1 July 2009

Various effective 
dates

Effective date

1 July 2008

1 January 2009

1 October 2008

1 July 2009

Upon adoption of IFRS8, the Group will have to disclose additional information about its operating segments, although 
it is anticipated there will be no effect on reported income and net assets.

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

51

3. Revenue and segmental analysis

The Group’s primary business segments during the year were Food and Pet as the Group’s management and reporting 
structure is set out along these lines and the two segments exhibit different risks and rates of return. The results are 
discussed in the review of activities. Secondary segment information is presented geographically. There are no significant 
transactions between the primary segments.

Business segments

Food

2009
Pet
Continuing Discontinued
£’000

£’000

Total

£’000

Food
Continuing
£’000

2008
Pet
Discontinued
£’000

Total

£’000

Revenue

606,774

46,491

653,265

559,228

39,665

598,893

Segment results before exceptionals  

43,481

2,309

45,790

39,275

1,885

41,160

Exceptional items

Segment results

Central costs

 -

-  -

830

792

1,622

43,481

2,309

45,790

40,105

2,677

42,782

(5,093)

-

(5,093)

(2,792)  -

(2,792)

Profit before finance and tax

38,388

2,309

40,697

Net finance costs

(3,700)

(271)

(3,971)

37,313

(4,326)

2,677

39,990

(320)

(4,646)

Fair value remeasurement loss

 -

(2,544)

(2,544)

 -

 -

 -

Profit before tax

Income taxes

Profit for the year

Assets and liabilities

34,688

(16,014)

18,674

(506)

34,182

32,987

2,357

35,344

820

314

(15,194)

(9,162)

(525)

(9,687)

18,988

23,825

1,832

25,657

Assets (excluding goodwill)

193,492

20,387

213,879

177,855

22,790

200,645

Goodwill

117,756

-

117,756

117,756  -

117,756

Assets (including goodwill)

311,248

20,387

331,635

295,611

22,790

318,401

Unallocated assets

Total assets

4,977

336,612

4,861

323,262

Segment liabilities

70,970

4,591

75,561

67,912

4,184

72,096

Unallocated liabilities

Total liabilities

94,569

170,130

95,912

168,008

Unallocated assets and liabilities comprise certain items of property, plant and equipment, loan notes, net debt and 
taxation balances.

20,136

10,930

1,069

21,205

718

11,648

24,420

9,545

1,330

545

25,750

10,090

Other segment information

Capital expenditure:  
Property, plant and equipment

Depreciation

52

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

 
 
Geographical segments
The following table sets out sales by destination, regardless of where the goods were produced:

Sales revenue by geographical market

2009
Continuing
£’000

2009
Discontinued
£’000

2009
Total
£’000

2008
Continuing
£’000

2008
Discontinued
£’000

UK

599,639

43,640

643,279

551,405

Continental Europe

Rest of World

7,135

-

2,443

408

9,578

408

7,823

-

606,774

46,491

653,265

559,228

37,087

2,092

486

39,665

2008
Total
£’000

588,492

9,915

486

598,893

The following tables set out the geographical location of the Group’s assets and of additions to property, plant and 
equipment and intangible assets:

Carrying amount of segment assets, including goodwill

2009
Continuing
£’000

2009
Discontinued
£’000

2009
Total
£’000

2008
Continuing
£’000

2008
Discontinued
£’000

2008
Total
£’000

UK

Continental Europe

Unallocated assets

311,248

-

4,977

316,225

19,115

1,272

-

330,363

295,611

22,790

318,401

1,272

4,977

-

4,861

-

-

-

4,861

20,387

336,612

300,472

22,790

323,262

Additions to property, plant and equipment and intangible assets

2009
Continuing
£’000

2009
Discontinued
£’000

UK

Continental Europe

20,136

-

20,136

444

625

1,069

2009
Total
£’000

20,580

625

21,205

2008
Continuing
£’000

2008
Discontinued
£’000

24,420

-

24,420

1,330

-

1,330

2008
Total
£’000

25,750

-

25,750

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

53

4. Group operating profit  

This is stated after charging/(crediting):

Operating costs:

Selling and distribution

Administration

Depreciation of property, plant 
and equipment

Impairment of property plant 
and equipment

Operating lease payments – 
minimum lease payments 

Net foreign currency differences

Cost of inventories recognised 
as an expense 

Increase in provision for 
inventories

Audit of these financial 
statements*

2009

2009
 Continuing   Discontinued
£’000

£’000

2009
Total
£’000

2008
 Continuing
£’000

2008
 Discontinued
£’000

25,979

21,005

46,984

2,700

5,981

8,681

28,679

26,986

55,665

21,259

17,898

39,157

1,724

5,943

7,667

2008
Total
£’000

22,983

23,841

46,824

10,930

718

11,648

9,545

545

10,090

Release of government grants

(7)  -

(7)

(29)

119

2,092

2,211

 -

 -

 -

 -

(29)

5,015

(41)

4,717

521

190

402

4,907

923

4,962

(16)

53

(25)

475,070

31,391

506,461

411,785

26,974

438,759

177

128

62

17

239

145

129

 -

146

19

129

165

* £25,000 relates to the Company (2008 - £28,000) and £120,000 (2008 - £137,000) relates to audit of the financial statements of 

subsidiaries.

In addition, payments to Ernst & Young LLP for non-audit services amounted to £85,000 (2008 - £117,000) of which 
£4,000 related to an audit related service (2008 – £4,000), £15,000 (2008 - £44,000) related to due diligence services 
and £66,000 (2008 - £69,000) to taxation.

Fees paid to Ernst & Young LLP for non-audit services by the Company itself are not disclosed in the individual accounts 
of  Cranswick  plc  because  Group  financial  statements  are  prepared  which  are  required  to  disclose  such  fees  on  a 
consolidated basis.

54

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

 
 
 
 
 
5. Exceptional items

Non-recurring (expense)/ income during the year was as follows:

2009
Continuing
£’000

2009
Discontinued
£’000

2009
Total
£’000

2008
Continuing
£’000

2008
Discontinued
£’000

2008
Total
£’000

Recognised below operating 
profit

Profit on disposal of property 
plant and equipment

 -

Deferred tax on abolition of 
Industrial Buildings Allowances

Corporation tax credit on 
exceptionals

Deferred tax credit/(charge) on 
exceptionals

Cash flow impact of 
exceptionals

 -

 -

 -

(6,063)

(6,063)

 -

 -

 -

 -

(541)

(541)

 -

 -

 -

 -

830

792

1,622

(6,604)

 -

 -

 -

(6,604)

830

792

1,622

90  -

335

(238)

90

97

2,304

1,522

3,826

6. Employees

Group

Staff costs:

Wages and salaries

Social security costs

Other pension costs

2009

2009
  Continuing  Discontinued
£’000

£’000

2009
Total
£’000

2008
  Continuing
£’000

2008
 Discontinued
£’000

69,199

6,370

1,364

76,933

4,769

73,968

447

70

6,817

1,434

5,286

82,219

68,439

5,686

1,316

75,441

4,388

417

62

4,867

2008
Total
£’000

72,827

6,103

1,378

80,308

Included within wages and salaries is a total expense for share based payments of £1,000,000, of which £143,000 related 
to discontinued operations (2008 - £921,000, of which £105,000 related to discontinued operations) all of which arises 
from transactions accounted for as equity-settled share based payment transactions.

Company

Staff costs:

Wages and salaries

Social security costs

Other pension costs

2009

£’000

2,661

295

403

3,359

2008

£’000

1,376

163

534

2,073

Included within wages and salaries is a total expense for share based payments of £251,000 (2008 - £107,000) all of 
which arises from transactions accounted for as equity-settled share based payment transactions.

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

55

 
 
The average monthly number of employees during the year was:

Group

Production

Selling and distribution

Administration

2009
  Continuing
  Number

2009

 Discontinued  
Number  

2009
Total
Number

2008

2008

Continuing   Discontinued  
Number  

Number  

2008
Total
Number

2,988

193

168

3,349

114

43

35

192

3,102

236

203

3,541

2,815

207

218

3,240

118

28

42

188

2,933

235

260

3,428

The  Group  and  Company  consider  the  Directors  to  be  the  Key  Management  Personnel.  Details  of  each  Director’s 
remuneration, pension contributions and share options are detailed in the Directors’ Remuneration Report on pages 31 
to 34. The employee costs shown above include the following emoluments in respect of Directors of the Company:

Group and Company

Directors’ remuneration 
(excluding IFRS 2 share option 
charge)

Aggregate gains made by 
Directors on exercise of share 
options

2009

2009
  Continuing   Discontinued
£’000

£’000

2009
Total
£’000

2008

2008

Continuing   Discontinued  

£’000

£’000

2008
Total
£’000

3,964

469

4,433

2,835

623

3,458

18  -

18

8

1

9

7. Finance revenue and costs

2009

2009

  Continuing  Discontinued  

£’000

£’000

2009
Total
£’000

2008
Continuing
£’000

2008
 Discontinued
£’000

Finance revenue

Bank interest received

Finance costs

(3)  -

Loan note interest paid

27  -

(3)

27

2008
Total
£’000

(4)

(4)

 -

54

-

54

3,642

271

3,913

4,233

320

4,553

3,669

271

3,940

Total finance costs

3,703

271

34  -

34

3,974

4,287

43

4,330

320

-

320

4,607

43

4,650

The interest relates to financial assets and liabilities carried at amortised cost together with the impact of interest rate 
swaps.

56

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

Bank interest paid and similar 
charges

Total interest expense for 
financial liabilities not at fair 
value through profit or loss

Movement in discount on 
provisions

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
8. Taxation

a) Analysis of tax charge in the year

Tax charge based on the profit for the year:

UK corporation tax:

UK corporation tax on profits of the year

Adjustments in respect of previous years

Overseas tax:

Overseas tax on profits of the year

Adjustments in respect of previous years

Total current tax

UK deferred tax:

Origination and reversal of temporary differences

Adjustments in respect of previous years

Total deferred tax

2009

£’000

11,112

(314)

10,798

10,798

3,956

440

4,396

 -

 -

2008

£’000

9,038

6

9,044

-

54

9,098

599

(10)

589

Tax on profit on ordinary activities

15,194

9,687

The tax charge in the income statement is disclosed as follows:

Income tax expense on continuing operations

Income tax (credit)/expense on discontinued operations

Tax relating to items charged or credited directly to equity:

Group

Deferred tax (credit)/charge on share based payments

Deferred tax (credit)/charge on revaluation of cash flow hedges

Corporation tax credit on share options exercised

Tax (credit)/charge in the statement of recognised income and expense

Company

Deferred tax charge/(credit) on revaluation of cash flow hedges

Deferred tax (credit)/charge on share options exercised

Tax credit in the statement of recognised income and expense

2009

£’000

16,014

(820)

15,194

2009

£’000

(90)

(213)

(39)

(342)

2009

£’000

15

(30)

(15)

2008

£’000

9,162

525

9,687

2008

£’000

535

190

(88)

637

2008

£’000

(72)

52

(20)

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

57

 
b) Factors affecting tax charge for the period

The tax assessed for the year is higher (2008: lower) than the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK. The differences 
are explained below:

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

2009

£’000

34,182

9,571

145

619

(872)

(456)

6,004

57

126

15,194

2009

£’000

10,883

811

326

(463)

11,557

2009

£’000

(935)

(114)

(122)

6,004

 -

(437)

4,396

2008

£’000

35,344

10,603

69

(741)

(535)

241

50

9,687

2008

£’000

5,814

933

974

(258)

7,463

2008

£’000

390

10

(5)

194

589

Profit on ordinary activities before tax

Profit on ordinary activities multiplied by standard rate of corporation tax in the UK  
of 28 per cent (2008 - 30 per cent)

Effect of:

Disallowed expenses 

Impairment of assets held for resale

Release of deferred tax on discontinued operations

Release of deferred tax on change of tax base

Industrial buildings allowances

Rollover and indexation

Deferred tax rate difference

Other

Adjustments in respect of prior years

Total tax charge for the year

c) Deferred tax

Group

The deferred tax included in the balance sheet is as follows:

Deferred tax liability in the balance sheet

Accelerated capital allowances

Rollover and holdover relief

Other temporary differences

Share based payments

Deferred tax liability

The deferred tax included in the income statement is as follows:

Deferred tax in the income statement

Accelerated capital allowances

Share based payments

Rollover relief

Industrial buildings allowances

Other temporary differences

Deferred income tax expense

58

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

Company

The deferred tax included in the balance sheet is as follows:

Deferred tax (asset)/liability in the balance sheet

Accelerated capital allowances

Rollover relief

Other temporary differences

Share based payments

Deferred tax (asset)/liability

2009

£’000

32

56

36

(147)

(23)

2008

£’000

165

39

208

(53)

359

d) Temporary differences associated with Group investments

At 31 March 2009 no deferred tax liability has been recognised (2008 - £nil) in respect of any taxes that would be 
payable on the unremitted earnings of certain of the Group’s subsidiaries as the Group can control the timing of any 
such payments. There are no income tax consequences to the Group in relation to dividends paid to Shareholders.

9. Discontinued operations    

On 17 April 2009, the Board announced its decision to dispose of the trade and certain assets and liabilities of the Group’s 
Pet Division for an initial consideration of £17.0 million. There is a mechanism in place to normalise working capital 
through a cash adjustment. Cranswick plc will retain a 5.5 per cent share in the business going forward. The Pet Division 
manufactures and sells bird food and also imports and sells tropical marine fish and related products. The disposal was 
completed on 24 April 2009 and the final gain or loss on disposal will be recognised in the income statement in 2010. 
As at 31 March 2009 the assets of the Pet Division that are being disposed of were classified as held for resale and the 
assets and liabilities of the division are carried at their fair value. The loss on reclassification to held for resale has been 
recognised in the income statement in the current year. 

The results of the Pet Division for 2009 and 2008 are presented below:

Revenue

Expenses

Operating profit

Exceptional gain on sale of property, plant and equipment

Finance cost

Loss recognised on remeasurement to fair value

(Loss)/profit before tax from discontinued operations 

Tax credit/(expense)

Profit for the year from discontinued operations 

The tax credit/(expense) is analysed as follows:

On profit on ordinary activities for the year

Exceptional charge on abolition of IBAs

On exceptional gain on sale of property, plant and equipment

On reclassification to assets held for resale

2009

£’000

46,491

(44,182)

2,309

(271)

(2,544)

 -

(506)

820

314

(607)

(541)

1,968

820

 -

 -

2008

£’000

39,665

(37,780)

1,885

792

(320)

2,357

(525)

1,832

(287)

(238)

(525)

 -

 -

The  cash  flow  impact  of  exceptional  items  is  £nil  (2008  -  £1,522,000  received  in  relation  to  asset  disposals  after 
associated costs).

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

59

 
 
 
The major classes of assets and liabilities of the Pet Division being disposed of, as at 31 March 2009 were as follows:

Assets

Property, plant and equipment

Trade and other receivables

Inventories

Assets classified as held for resale

Liabilities

Trade and other payables

Liabilities classified as held for resale

Net assets held for resale

2009

£’000

8,210

6,037

6,140

20,387

4,591

4,591

15,796

Of the property, plant and equipment held for resale, £343,000 (after impairment charge of £119,000) was held by 
the Company.

The net cash flows attributable to the discontinued Pet Division are as follows:

Operating cash flows

Investing cash flows

Financing cash flows

Net inflow/(outflow)

Profit per share from discontinued operations:

Basic

Diluted

2009

£’000

2,576

(1,068)

(562)

946

0.7p

0.7p

2008

£’000

845

(1,300)

(629)

(1,084)

4.0p

4.0p

10.  Profit attributable to members

Of the profit attributable to members, the sum of £9,385,000 (2008 - £11,011,000) has been dealt with in the accounts 
of Cranswick plc.

11.  Equity dividends

Declared and paid during the year:

Final dividend for 2008 - 13.4p per share (2007 – 12.2p)

Interim dividend for 2009 - 7.0p per share (2008 – 6.5p)

Dividends paid

2009

£’000

6,169

3,228

9,397

2008

£’000

5,587

2,980

8,567

Proposed for approval of Shareholders at the Annual General Meeting on 27 July 2009:

Final dividend for 2009 – 14.7p (2008 – 13.4p)

6,801

6,195

60

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

 
 
 
12.  Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share amounts are calculated by dividing net profit for the year attributable to members of the 
parent company of £18,988,000 (2008 - £25,605,000) by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during 
the year. In calculating diluted earnings per share amounts, the weighted average number of shares is adjusted for the 
weighted average number of ordinary shares that would be issued on the conversion of all dilutive potential ordinary 
shares into ordinary shares.

The Group discloses in its consolidated income statement as exceptional items those material items which individually 
or, if of a similar type, in aggregate need to be disclosed by virtue of their size or incidence if the financial statements 
are to give a true and fair view. Accordingly, basic and diluted earnings per share are also presented on this basis using 
the weighted average number of ordinary shares for both basic and diluted amounts as per the table below:

Basic weighted average number of shares

Dilutive potential ordinary shares – share options

2009

2008

Thousands

Thousands

46,099

127

46,226

45,832

286

46,118

Basic weighted average number of shares for 2009 excludes 195,000 shares (2008 – 195,000 shares) held during the 
year by the Cranswick plc Employee Benefit Trust.

13.  Intangible fixed assets

Group

Cost

At 31 March 2007
Acquisition of subsidiary undertakings

At 31 March 2008 and 31 March 2009

Impairments as at 31 March 2007, 2008 and 2009

Net book amounts at 31 March 2008 and 31 March 2009

Goodwill

£’000

   117,520
236

117,756

-

117,756

In August 2008, the Group increased its investment in Cranswick Gourmet Bacon Company Ltd from 85 per cent to 
100 per cent for a cash consideration of £38,000 and loan notes of £336,000. Goodwill arising from this amounted to 
£219,000.

The Group has no other intangible assets.

Goodwill is subject to annual impairment testing. Goodwill acquired through business combinations has been allocated 
for impairment testing purposes to the following principal cash-generating units:

Cash generating unit

Cooked meats

Sandwiches

Continental Fine Foods

Other

2009

£’000

86,903

16,526

10,968

3,359

117,756

2008

£’000

86,903

16,526

10,968

3,359

117,756

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

61

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
Assumptions used
The recoverable amount for each cash generating unit has been determined based on value in use calculations using 
annual budgets for each business for the following year, approved by the Board of Directors, and cash flow projections 
for the next four years. Forecast replacement capital expenditure is included from budgets and thereafter is assumed to 
represent 100 per cent of depreciation.

Subsequent cash flows are forecast to grow in line with an assumed long-term industry growth rate of between 4 and 5 
per cent derived from third party market information.

A  discount  rate  of  9.3  per  cent  has  been  used  (2008  -  9.1  per  cent)  being  management’s  estimate  of  the  Group’s 
weighted average cost of capital.

The calculation is most sensitive to the following assumptions:

•	
•	
•	

Sales volumes
Gross margin
Discount rate

Sales  volumes  are  influenced  by  the  growth  of  the  underlying  food  segment,  the  market  shares  of  our  customers, 
selling prices, and the quality of our products and service. Historical volumes are used as the base and adjusted over the 
projection period in line with current growth rates. 

Gross  margin  depends  upon  average  selling  prices,  the  cost  of  raw  materials  and  changes  in  the  cost  of  production 
overheads. Historical margins are used as the base, adjusted for management’s expectations derived from experience.

All calculations of this nature are sensitive to the discount rate used. Management’s estimate of the Group’s weighted 
average cost of capital has been used for each cash generating unit.

Management believes that currently the assumptions used are unlikely to change to an extent which would reduce value 
in use below the value of the recoverable amount. Assumptions and projections are updated on an annual basis.

62

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

14.  Property, plant and equipment 

Group

Cost

At 31 March 2007

Additions

Disposals

At 31 March 2008

Additions

Transfers between categories

Transfers to assets held for resale

Disposals

At 31 March 2009

Depreciation

At 31 March 2007

Charge for the year

Relating to disposals

At 31 March 2008

Charge for the year

Transfers to assets held for resale

Impairment loss

Relating to disposals

At 31 March 2009

Net book amounts

At 31 March 2007

At 31 March 2008

At 31 March 2009

1,698

5,272

(1,698)

 -

5,272

161,252

Freehold
land and
buildings

£’000

27,803

8,218

 Leasehold 
improvements

Plant,
equipment
and vehicles

Assets in the 
course of 
construction

£’000

£’000

£’000

16,805

55

94,163

 -

15,779

1,698

(1,556)

 -

(7,540)

 -

34,465

8,347

(5,632)

 -

 -

 -

 -

16,860

102,402

95

(535)

7,491

1,698

(8,108)

(1,103)

37,180

16,420

102,380

2,548

467

(654)

 -

2,361

472

(2,047)

1,567

6,898

911

7,809

864

(535)

477

 -

 -

49,048

8,712

(5,226)

52,534

10,312

(3,483)

167

(934)

2,353

8,615

58,596

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

25,255

32,104

34,827

9,907

9,051

7,805

45,115

 -

49,868

43,784

1,698

5,272

Total

£’000

138,771

25,750

(9,096)

155,425

21,205

(14,275)

(1,103)

58,494

10,090

(5,880)

62,704

11,648

(6,065)

2,211

(934)

69,564

80,277

92,721

91,688

Included in freehold land and buildings is land with a cost of £3,198,000 (2008 - £3,853,000) which is not depreciated 
relating to the Group and £795,000 (2008 - £1,210,000) relating to the Company. The cost of freehold land and buildings 
includes £935,000 (2008 - £935,000) in respect of capitalised interest. £nil of interest, which was the whole amount 
eligible, was capitalised during the year (2008 - £397,000).

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

63

Company

Cost

At 31 March 2007

Additions

Disposals

At 31 March 2008

Additions

Transfers to assets held for resale

At 31 March 2009

Depreciation

At 31 March 2007

Charge for the year

Relating to disposals

At 31 March 2008

Charge for the year

Transfers to assets held for resale

Impairment loss

At 31 March 2009

Net book amounts

At 31 March 2007

At 31 March 2008

At 31 March 2009

15.  Investment in subsidiary undertakings

Company

Shares at cost:

At 31 March 2007

Disposals

At 31 March 2008 and 31 March 2009

 -

 -

 -

 -

Freehold 
land and 
buildings
£’000

Plant, 
equipment and 
vehicles
£’000

2,431

2,431

72

43

(5)

110

125

(475)

 -

1,956

235

 -

 -

131

21

152

21

(132)

119

160

2,300

2,279

1,796

33

12

(4)

41

31

72

39

69

163

Total

£’000

2,503

43

(5)

2,541

125

(475)

2,191

164

33

(4)

193

52

(132)

119

232

2,339

2,348

1,959

£’000

155,430

      (4)

155,426

During the prior year the Group disposed of its investment in Cranswick GmbH for a cash consideration of £500,000 as 
part of the disposal of the feed milling business. The profit on disposal was included as part of the exceptional item in 
that year.

The principal subsidiary undertakings during the year were:

Food

Cranswick Country Foods plc
Studleigh-Royd Limited
Brookfield Foods Limited
The Sandwich Factory Group Limited (registered in Scotland)
Delico Limited

Pet

Cranswick Pet & Aquatics plc

64

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Except  where  otherwise  stated,  each  of  the  companies  is  registered  in  England  and  Wales  and  Cranswick  plc  holds 
directly 100 per cent of the shares and voting rights of each subsidiary undertaking. On 17 April 2009, the trade and 
certain assets and liabilities of Cranswick Pet & Aquatics plc were disposed of by the Group (Note 9).

16.  Inventories

Group

Raw materials

Finished goods and goods for resale

Biological assets (see below)

2009

£’000

24,944

3,520

28,464

 -

2008

£’000

24,218

6,278

142

30,638

The Group breeds and imports tropical marine fish and other invertebrates for supply to specialist aquatic retailers. At 
31 March 2009 marine stock was held within assets held for resale at fair value. There are no inventories held by the 
Company.

17.  Trade and other receivables

Financial Assets:

Trade receivables

Amounts owed by Group undertakings

Other receivables

Non-financial assets:

Prepayments and accrued income

Trade receivables continuing operations

Trade receivables held for resale

Group

Company

2009

£’000

2008

£’000

64,438

68,504

-

2,810

67,248

6,407

73,655

64,438

5,614

70,052

-

3,474

71,978

5,370

77,348

68,504

-

68,504

2009

£’000

-

21,852

253

22,105

62

22,167

-

-

-

2008

£’000

-

44,177

20

44,197

42

44,239

-

-

-

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

65

 
  
 
Financial assets are carried at amortised cost. As at 31 March, the analysis of trade receivables that were past due but 
not impaired is as follows:

Group

Trade receivables

              Of which:

Not due

                                  Past due date in the following periods:

£’000

64,438

68,504

£’000

56,425

57,683

Less than 
30 days
£’000

Between 30 and 
60 days
£’000

More than 60
days
£’000

6,572

7,718

1,006

2,061

435

1,042

2009

2008

Trade receivables are non-interest bearing and are generally on 30-60 days’ terms and are shown net of a provision for 
impairment. As at 31 March 2009, trade receivables at nominal value of £352,000 (2008 - £634,000) were impaired and 
fully provided for.  Provision is made when there is objective evidence that the Group will not be able to recover balances 
in full. Balances are written off when the probability of recovery is assessed as being remote.

Movements in the provision for impairment of receivables were as follows:

Bad debt provision

At 31 March 2007

Provided in year

Written off

At 31 March 2008

Provided in year

Transferred to assets held for resale

Written off

At 31 March 2009

There are no bad debt provisions against other receivables.

18.  Other financial assets (current)

Forward currency contracts

Interest rate swap (1)

Interest rate swap (2)

Movement on hedged items:

Amounts recognised in equity

Amounts removed from equity and included in

the income statement

£’000

591

167

(124)   

634

998

(782)

(498)

352

Group

Company

2009
£’000

139

-

124

263

2008
£’000

959

70

-

1,029

2009
£’000

2008
£’000

-

-

124

124

-

70

-

70

Group

Company

2009
£’000

263

(1,029)

(766)

2008
£’000

2009
£’000

2008
£’000

504

196

700

124

(432)

(70)

54

196

(236)

Movements on hedged foreign currency contracts are recycled through cost of sales. Interest rate movements on hedged 
bank borrowings are recycled through finance costs. All ‘Other’ financial assets, are used for hedging.

66

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

Forward currency contracts
Forward currency contracts are used to hedge a proportion of anticipated purchases denominated in foreign currencies 
and are held at fair value in the balance sheet. To the extent that these forward contracts represent effective hedges, 
movements in fair value are taken directly to equity and are then recycled through the income statement in the period 
during which the hedged item impacts the income statement. A description of amounts and maturities is contained in 
note 22.

Interest rate swap (1)
Under the terms of this interest rate swap (relating to the Group’s previous bank facilities, which have now been repaid) 
the Group receives LIBOR interest and pays fixed interest of 4.98 per cent. The notional principal amount of the swap 
stood at £9,000,000 as at 31 March 2009 and reduces in equal semi-annual instalments of £4,500,000 to £nil by January 
2010.

Interest rate swap (2)
Under the terms of this interest rate swap (relating to the Group’s new bank facilities) the Group receives LIBOR interest 
and pays fixed interest of 2.04 per cent. The notional principal amount of the swap stood at £33,750,000 as at 31 
March 2009 and reduces in equal quarterly instalments of £1,750,000 with a final notional payment of principal of 
£16,250,000 in December 2011.

19.  Trade and other payables

Current

Trade payables

Amounts owed to Group undertakings

Other payables

Deferred income

Non-current

Deferred income

20.  Other financial liabilities

Current

Bank overdrafts

Amounts outstanding under revolving credit facility

Current instalments due on bank loan

Loan notes

Interest rate swap (1) – (note 18)

Group

Company

2009
£’000

2008
£’000

50,236

52,763

-

-

25,036

20,262

1

-

2009
£’000

201

41,745

4,102

-

2008
£’000

154

54,057

783

-

75,273

73,025

46,048

54,994

-

8

-

-

Group

Company

2009
£’000

12,437

9,000

12,500

762

173

2008
£’000

11,468

8,000

11,250

1,093

-

2009
£’000

6,157

9,000

12,500

460

173

2008
£’000

8,512

8,000

11,250

756

-

34,872

31,811

28,290

28,518

Non-current

Non-current instalments due on bank loan

36,382

50,414

36,382

50,414

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

67

 
All financial liabilities are amortised at cost.
A bank overdraft facility of £20 million (2008 - £20 million) is in place until December 2011, of which £12,437,000 
(2008 - £11,468,000) was utilised at 31 March 2009. Interest is payable at a margin over base rate.

A revolving credit facility of £30 million is in place of which £9 million was utilised as at 31 March 2009 (2008 - facility 
of £10 million of which £8 million was utilised). This facility expires in December 2011. Interest is payable on the loan 
at a margin of 1.75 per cent above LIBOR.

The maturity profile of bank loans is as follows:

Group

Company

In one year or less

Between one year and two years

Between two and five years

Unamortised issue costs

2009
£’000

12,500

10,000

2008
£’000

11,250

50,625

2009
£’000

12,500

10,000

27,500

 -

27,500

 -

50,000

(1,118)

48,882

61,875

(211)

61,664

50,000

(1,118)

48,882

2008
£’000

11,250

50,625

61,875

(211)

61,664

The balance outstanding on the term loan of £50.0 million is repayable in 11 quarterly instalments of £2.5 million from 
April 2009, followed by a single payment of £22.5 million in December 2011. Interest is payable on the loan at a margin 
of 1.75 per cent above LIBOR. The loan is unsecured. The loan is subject to normal bank covenant arrangements. Under 
the terms of the interest rate swap relating to the facilities the Group receives LIBOR interest and pays fixed interest of 
2.04 per cent.

Loan notes bear interest based on base rate and are repayable on demand at six-monthly intervals.

21.  Provisions

Group

At 1 April 2008

Provided in the year

Utilisation in the year

Unwinding of discount

At 31 March 2009

Analysed as:

Current liabilities

Non-current liabilities

 Lease   

provisions

£’000

1,489

87

(110)

34

1,500

2008
£’000

153

1,336

1,489

Group

2009
£’000

334

1,166

1,500

Lease provisions are held against dilapidation obligations on leased properties and for the costs of onerous leases for 
property,  plant  and  machinery.  These  provisions  are  expected  to  be  utilised  over  the  next  five  years.  There  are  no 
provisions held by the Company.

68

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

22.  Financial instruments

An explanation of the Company and Group’s financial instruments risk management strategy is set out on pages 9 to 15 
in the Group Operating and Financial Review.

Interest rate risk profile of financial assets and liabilities
The interest rate profile of the interest earning financial assets and interest bearing liabilities of the Group as at 31 March 
2009 and their weighted average interest rates is set out below:

Group

As at 31 March 2009

Weighted 
average 
effective 
interest
rate
%

Total

At floating
interest
rates

1 year
or
less

Fixed interest

1-2 years

2-3 years

£’000

£’000

£’000

£’000

£’000

Financial liabilities: 
Bank overdrafts

Revolving credit facility

Bank loan (including the effect 
of interest rate swaps)

5.11%

(12,437)

(12,437)  -

3.48%

(9,000)

(9,000)  -

3.67% (50,000)

(7,250)

(16,000)

Loan notes

2.40%

(762)

(762)  -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

(7,000)

(19,750)

 -

(72,199)

(29,449)

(16,000)

(7,000)

(19,750)

Less: effect of interest rate swaps

-

(42,750)

16,000

7,000

19,750

Total financial liabilities excluding the effect 
of interest rate swaps

(72,199)

(72,199)  -

Financial assets: Cash at bank

2.86%

4,399

4,399  -

(67,800)

(67,800)  -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

As at 31 March 2008

Weighted 
average 
effective 
interest 
rate
%

Total

At floating
interest
rates

1 year
or
less

Fixed interest

1-2 years

2-3 years

£’000

£’000

£’000

£’000

£’000

Financial liabilities: 
Bank overdrafts

Revolving credit facility

Bank loan (including the effect  
of interest rate swaps)

6.54%

(11,468)

(11,468)

6.22%

(8,000)

(8,000)

-

-

-

-

6.05%

(61,875)

(43,875)

(9,000)

(9,000)

Loan notes

5.24%

(1,093)

(1,093)

-

-

(82,436)

(64,436)

(9,000)

(9,000)

Less: effect of interest rate swaps

-

(18,000)

9,000

9,000

Total financial liabilities excluding the effect 
of interest rate swaps

(82,436)

(82,436)

Financial assets: Cash at bank

4.54%

3,770

3,770

(78,666)

(78,666)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

The maturity profile of bank loans is set out in note 20.

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

69

The interest rate profile of the interest earning financial assets and interest bearing liabilities of the Company as at 31 
March 2009 and their weighted average interest rates is set out below:

Company

As at 31 March 2009

Weighted 
average 
effective 
interest 
rate
%

Total

At floating
interest
rates

1 year
or
less

Fixed interest

1-2 years

2-3 years

£’000

£’000

£’000

£’000

£’000

Financial liabilities: 
Bank overdrafts

Revolving credit facility

Bank loan (including the effect  
of interest rate swaps)

5.11%

3.48%

(6,157)

(6,157)  -

(9,000)

(9,000)  -

3.67%

(50,000)

(7,250)

(16,000)

Loan notes

2.40%

(460)

(460)  -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

(7,000)

(19,750)

 -

(65,617)

(22,867)

(16,000)

(7,000)

(19,750)

Less: effect of interest rate swaps

-

(42,750)

16,000

7,000

19,750

Total financial liabilities excluding the effect  
of interest rate swaps

(65,617)

(65,617)  -

Financial assets: Cash at bank

2.86%  -

 -

 -

(65,617)

(65,617)  -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

As at 31 March 2008

Financial liabilities:
Bank overdrafts

Revolving credit facility

Bank loan (including the effect  
of interest rate swaps)

Loan notes

Weighted 
average 
effective 
interest 
rate
%

6.54%

6.22%

6.05%

5.24%

Total

At floating
interest
rates

1 year
or
less

Fixed interest

1-2 years

2-3 years

£’000

£’000

£’000

£’000

£’000

(8,512)

(8,000)

(8,512)  -

(8,000)  -

 -

 -

 -

 -

(61,875)

(43,875)

(9,000)

(9,000)  -

(756)

(756)

-

-

 -

(79,143)

(61,143)

(9,000)

(9,000)  -

Less: effect of interest rate swaps

 -

(18,000)

9,000

9,000  -

Total financial liabilities excluding the effect  
of interest rate swaps

(79,143)

(79,143)  -

Financial assets: Cash at bank

4.54%  -

 -

 -

(79,143)

(79,143)  -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

Currency profile
The  Group’s  financial  assets  at  31  March  2009  include  sterling  denominated  cash  balances  of  £2,853,000  (2008  - 
£1,648,000), Danish krona £8,000 (2008 - £99,000), euro £1,378,000 (2008 - £611,000) and US dollar £160,000 (2008 - 
£1,412,000), all of which are held in the UK with the exception of Danish krona £nil (2008 - £98,000) and euro £297,000 
(2008 - £nil). 

The proportion of the Group’s net assets denominated in foreign currencies is immaterial.

The Group’s financial assets and liabilities are denominated in sterling.

70

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

Credit risk
The  Group  makes  a  significant  proportion  of  its  sales  to  the  major  UK  supermarket  groups,  which  correspondingly 
represent a significant proportion of the Group’s trade receivables at any one time. Based on the financial strength of 
these customers, the Directors do not consider that the Group faces a significant credit risk in this regard.

All  cash  financial  assets  are  held  by  UK  financial  institutions,  with  the  exception  of  £297,000  held  in  euros  with  a 
Portugese bank. The maximum credit exposure relating to financial assets is represented by their carrying values as at 
the balance sheet date.

Fair value of financial instruments
Fair value is the amount for which an asset could be exchanged, or a liability settled, between knowledgeable, willing 
parties on an arm’s length basis. Fair value is determined by reference to market prices where an active market exists or 
from discounting future cash flows based on market yield curves. All derivative financial instruments are shown on the 
balance sheet at fair value.

The fair value of floating rate assets and liabilities is estimated to be equivalent to book value.

Group

2009

2008

Financial assets

Cash

Forward currency contracts

Interest rate swap (2) – (note 18)

Financial liabilities

Bank overdraft

Amounts outstanding under revolving credit facility

Bank loan, gross of issue costs

Loan notes

Interest rate swap (1) – (note 18)

At 31 March

Company

Financial asset

Book value
£’000

Fair value
£’000

Book value
£’000

Fair value
£’000

4,399

139

124

4,662

(12,437)

(9,000)

(50,000)

(762)

(173)

4,399

139

124

4,662

(12,437)

(9,000)

(50,000)

(762)

(173)

3,770

959

70

4,799

(11,468)

(8,000)

(61,875)

(1,093)

-

3,770

959

70

4,799

(11,468)

(8,000)

(61,875)

(1,093)

-

(72,372)

(72,372)

(82,436)

(82,436)

(67,710)

(67,710)

(77,637)

(77,637)

2009

2008

Book value
£’000

Fair value
£’000

Book value
£’000

Fair value
£’000

Interest rate swap (2) – (note 18)

124

124

70

70

Financial liabilities

Bank overdraft

Amounts outstanding under revolving credit facility

Bank loan, gross of issue costs

Loan notes

Interest rate swap (1) – (note 18)

(6,157)

(9,000)

(6,157)

(9,000)

(50,000)

(50,000)

(460)

(173)

(460)

(173)

(8,512)

(8,000)

(61,875)

(756)

-

(8,512)

(8,000)

(61,875)

(756)

-

(65,790)

(65,790)

(79,143)

(79,143)

At 31 March

(65,666)

(65,666)

(79,073)

(79,073)

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

71

The book value of trade and other receivables and trade and other payables equates to fair value for the Group and 
Company. Details of these financial assets and liabilities are included in notes 17 and 19.

Hedges
Financial instruments designated as cash flow hedges are held at fair value in the balance sheet. The Group hedges two 
types of cash flows:

i)  Forward contracts to hedge expected future purchases
The Group hedges a proportion of its near-term expected purchases denominated in overseas currencies. Where these 
hedges meet the hedge criteria of IAS 39 changes in fair value are posted directly to equity and subsequently recycled 
through the income statement at the time that the hedged item affects profit or loss.

Group

euros

Amount

Maturities

Exchange rates

€6,500,000  1 April 2009 to 15 July 2009

€1.22 – €1.47

Fair value
£’000

139

These contracts were effective cash flow hedges under the criteria set out in IAS 39 and therefore these fair value gains 
were recognised directly in equity.

The Company does not hold any forward contracts.

Interest rate swaps

ii) 
The Group hedges a proportion of the interest cash flows payable in respect of bank loans.

•	

•	

Interest rate swap (1) – (note 18)
Under the terms of this interest rate swap (relating to the Group’s previous bank facilities, which have now been 
repaid) the Group receives LIBOR interest and pays fixed interest of 4.98 per cent. The notional principal amount of 
the swap stood at £9,000,000 as at 31 March 2009 and reduces in equal semi-annual instalments of £4,500,000 to 
£nil by January 2010.

The swap was an ineffective cash flow hedge under the criteria set out in IAS 39 and therefore movements in fair 
value have been posted to the income statement.

Interest rate swap (2) – (note 18)
Under the terms of this interest rate swap (relating to the Group’s new bank facilities) the Group receives LIBOR 
interest and pays fixed interest of 2.04 per cent. The notional principal amount of the swap stood at £33,750,000 
as at 31 March 2009 and reduces in equal quarterly instalments of £1,750,000 with a final notional payment of 
principal of £16,250,000 in December 2011.

The swap was an effective cash flow hedge under the criteria set out in IAS 39 and therefore movements in fair value 
have been posted directly to equity and are recycled through the income statement at the time the hedged item 
affects the income statement.

72

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

Interest rate risk
The following table demonstrates the sensitivity to a reasonably possible change in interest rates, with all other variables 
held constant, of the Group’s profit before tax (through the impact on floating rate borrowings). There is no material 
impact on the Group’s equity.

Currency derivatives have not been included in the sensitivity analysis below as they are not considered to be exposed 
to interest rate risk.

2009

sterling

2008

sterling

Increase / decrease in basis points

Effect on profit before tax
£000

+100

-100

+100

-100

(565)

565

(576)

576

Liquidity risk
The tables below summarise the maturity profile of the Group’s financial liabilities at 31 March 2009 and 2008 based 
on contractual undiscounted payments. 

Year ended 31 March 2009

Bank overdraft

Revolving credit facility

Bank loan

Loan notes

Trade and other payables

Interest rate swap (1) - (note 18)

Year ended 31 March 2008

Bank overdraft

Revolving credit facility

Bank loan

Loan notes

Trade and other payables

Less than 
1 year
£’000

12,437

9,000

12,715

762

75,273

173

1 to 2 
years
£’000

-

-

2 to 5 
years
£’000

-

-

10,558

30,032

-

-

-

-

-

-

Total
£’000

12,437

9,000

53,305

762

75,273

173

110,360

10,558

30,032

150,950

Less than 
1 year
£’000

11,468

8,000

11,715

1,093

73,025

1 to 2 
years
£’000

-

-

54,591

-

8

105,301

54,599

2 to 5 
years 
£’000

-

-

-

-

-

-

Total
£’000

11,468

8,000

66,306

1,093

73,033

159,900

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

73

23.  Called-up share capital

Group and Company  

Authorised

2009
Number

2008
Number

2009
£’000

2008
£’000

Ordinary shares of 10p each

63,600,000

63,600,000

6,360

6,360

Allotted, called-up and fully paid

Ordinary shares of 10p each

2009

Number

2008

Number

2009

£’000

2008

£’000

At 1 April

On exercise of share options

Scrip dividends

At 31 March

46,225,491

45,954,326

4,623

4,595

125,168

109,299

167,554

103,611

12

11

17

11

46,459,958

46,225,491

4,646

4,623

On 5 September 2008, 77,905 ordinary shares were issued at 567.7 pence as a result of Shareholders exercising the scrip 
dividend option in lieu of the cash payment for the 2008 final dividend. 

On 23 January 2009, 31,394 ordinary shares were issued at 593.1 pence as a result of Shareholders exercising the scrip 
dividend option in lieu of the cash payment for the 2009 interim dividend. 

During  the  course  of  the  year,  125,168  ordinary  shares  were  issued  to  employees  exercising  SAYE  options  at  prices 
between 255.0 pence and 471.0 pence.

Of the unissued ordinary share capital £100,385 is reserved for allotment under the Savings Related and Executive Share 
Option Schemes. The options are exercisable as follows:

Savings related

Savings related

Savings related

Savings related

Savings related

Savings related

Savings related

Savings related

Executive

Number

6,396

5,816

6,511

59,300

52,258

66,474

47,284

284,808

475,000

Exercise price

Exercise period

264p

415p

255p

375p

471p

679p

665p

474p

March 2005 to October 2009

March 2006 to October 2010

March 2007 to October 2011

March 2008 to October 2012

March 2009 to October 2013

March 2010 to October 2014

March 2011 to October 2015

March 2012 to October 2016

601p

July 2008 to July 2015

On 7 September 2007, 27,239 ordinary shares were issued at 844.1 pence as a result of Shareholders exercising the scrip 
dividend option in lieu of the cash payment for the 2007 final dividend. 

On 25 January 2008, 76,372 ordinary shares were issued at 790.0 pence as a result of Shareholders exercising the scrip 
dividend option in lieu of the cash payment for the 2008 interim dividend. 

During the course of the prior year, 137,554 ordinary shares were issued to employees exercising SAYE options at prices 
between 255.0 pence and 679.0 pence, and 30,000 ordinary shares were issued to Directors and employees exercising 
Executive share options at a price of 601.0 pence per ordinary share.

74

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

          
24.  Share based payments

The Group operates three share option schemes, a Revenue approved scheme (SAYE), an unapproved scheme (Executive 
Share Option) and a Long Term Incentive Plan (LTIP), all of which are equity settled.

Executive Share Option Scheme

Share options are granted periodically to promote the involvement of senior management in the longer term success of 
the Group. Options can only be exercised if certain performance conditions are met by the Group. These conditions are 
based on total Shareholder return over the performance period and require the Group to be in the top half of a basket 
of food companies quoted on the London Stock Exchange selected by the remuneration Committee. Options have a 
contractual life of ten years.

Directors may also apply for SAYE options on the same terms as apply to all other employees. 

The following table illustrates the number and weighted average exercise prices (WAEP) of, and movements in, Executive 
share options during the year:

Group

Outstanding as at 1 April

Forfeited during the year

Exercised during the year

Expired during the year

Outstanding as at 31 March

2009
Number

490,000

(15,000)

-

-

2009
WAEP
£

6.01

6.01

-

-

2008
Number

535,000

(15,000)

(30,000)

-

475,000

6.01

490,000

Exercisable at 31 March

475,000

6.01

-

Company

Outstanding as at 1 April

Forfeited during the year

Exercised during the year

Expired during the year

2009
Number

265,000

-

-

-

2009
WAEP
£

6.01

-

-

-

2008
Number

265,000

-

-

-

2008
WAEP
£

6.01

6.01

6.01

-

6.01

-

2008
WAEP
£

6.01

-

-

-

Outstanding as at 31 March 

265,000

6.01

265,000

6.01

Exercisable at 31 March

265,000

6.01

-

-

For the share options outstanding as at 31 March 2009, the weighted average remaining contractual life is 6.25 years. 
(2008 - 7.25 years).

There were no options granted during the year.

The range of exercise prices for options outstanding at the end of the year was £6.01.

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

75

Long Term Incentive Plan (LTIP)

During the course of the year 177,500 options at nil cost were granted to Directors and senior executives, the share 
price at that time was 632.0 pence. There is a three year performance period at the end of which half the options will 
be measured against earnings per share (EPS) targets and the other half measured against total shareholder return 
(TSR)  targets.  The  EPS  target  allows  25  per  cent  of  the  shares  subject  to  the  target  to  be  issued  at  nil  cost  at  an 
outperformance of 3 per cent and 100 per cent of the shares at an outperformance of 7 per cent with outperformance 
between 3 and 7 per cent rewarded pro-rata. The TSR target allows 50 per cent of the shares subject to the target to 
be issued at nil cost at the 50th percentile and 100% at the 75th percentile with performance between the 50th and 
75th percentile rewarded pro-rata. The comparison companies are Carrs Milling Industries plc, Dairy Crest Group plc, 
Devro plc, Glanbia plc, Greencore plc, Northern Foods plc, Robert Wiseman Dairies plc, Premier Foods plc and Uniq 
plc. The options have a contractual life of ten years. 15,000 options were forfeited during the year leaving 542,500 
outstanding. 

Group

Outstanding as at 1 April

Granted during the year 

Forfeited during the year

Exercised during the year

Expired during the year

Outstanding as at 31 March

Exercisable at 31 March

Company

Outstanding as at 1 April

Granted during the year 

Forfeited during the year

Exercised during the year

Expired during the year

Outstanding as at 31 March 

Exercisable at 31 March

2009
Number

380,000

177,500

(15,000)

-

-

542,500

-

2009
Number

250,000

125,000

-

-

-

375,000

-

2009
WAEP
£

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2009
WAEP
£

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2008
Number

190,000

190,000

-

-

-

380,000

-

2008
Number

125,000

125,000

-

-

-

250,000

-

2008
WAEP
£

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2008
WAEP
£

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

The weighted average fair value of options granted during the year was £5.63 (2008 - £7.83). The range of exercise prices 
for options outstanding at the end of the year was £nil.

All Employee Share Option Scheme (SAYE)

All employees are entitled to a grant of options once they have been in service for two years or more. The exercise price 
is equal to the market price of the shares less 20 per cent on the date of the grant. The contractual life of the options 
is 3, 5 or 7 years. 

The following table illustrates the number and weighted average exercise prices (WAEP) of, and movements in, SAYE 
share options during the year.

76

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

Group

Outstanding as at 1 April

Granted during the year (note i)

Forfeited during the year

Exercised during the year (note ii)

Expired during the year

Outstanding as at 31 March (note iii)

2009
Number

504,672

284,808

(135,068)

(125,168)

-

529,244

2009
WAEP
£

5.16

4.74

6.28

3.69

-

5.00

2008
Number

605,870

102,204

(66,208)

(137,194)

-

504,672

Exercisable at 31 March

17,461

3.20

11,978

Company

Outstanding as at 1 April

Granted during the year (note i)

Forfeited during the year

Exercised during the year (note ii)

Expired during the year

Outstanding as at 31 March

Exercisable at 31 March

2009
Number

10,599

9,371

(5,339)

(2,580)

-

12,051

-

2009
WAEP
£

5.28

4.74

6.71

4.71

-

5.08

-

2008
Number

16,387

3,793

-

(9,581)

-

10,599

-

2008
WAEP
£

4.42

6.65

5.14

3.66

-

5.16

3.91

2008
WAEP
£

4.20

6.65

-

3.98

-

5.28

-

i) The share options granted during the year were at £4.74, representing a 20 per cent discount on the price at the 
relevant date.

ii) The weighted average share price at the date of the exercise for the options exercised was £6.37 (2008 - £6.58).

iii) Included within this balance are options over 6,396 shares (2008 – 18,756 shares) that have not been recognised 
in  accordance  with  IFRS  2  as  options  were  granted  on  or  before  7  November  2002.  These  options  have  not  been 
subsequently modified and therefore do not need to be accounted for in accordance with IFRS 2.

For the share options outstanding as at 31 March 2009 the weighted average remaining contractual life is 3.58 years. 
(2008 - 2.56 years).

The weighted average fair value of options granted during the year was £1.54 (2008 - £2.96). The range of exercise prices 
for options outstanding at the end of the year was £2.55 - £6.79 (2008 - £2.55 - £6.79).

The fair value of the Executive, SAYE and LTIP equity settled options granted is estimated as at the date of grant using 
the  Black-Scholes  option  pricing  model,  taking  into  account  the  terms  and  conditions  upon  which  the  options  were 
granted. The following table lists the inputs to the model used for the years ended 31 March 2009 and 31 March 2008.

Group and Company

2009

2008

Dividend yield

Expected share price volatility

Risk free interest rate

Expected life of option (years)

Exercise prices

1.9% - 4.3%

24.5% - 31.0%

3.00% - 5.80%

3,5,7 years

£nil - £6.79

1.9% - 4.1%

24.5% - 31.0%

4.29% - 5.80%

3,5,7 years

£nil - £6.79

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

77

 
The expected life of the options is based on historical data and is not necessarily indicative of exercise patterns that may 
occur. The expected volatility reflects the assumption that the historical volatility is indicative of future trends, which 
may not necessarily be the actual outcome.

The initial fair value of executive options is adjusted to take into account the market-based performance condition.

25.  Reconciliation of movements in equity

Group

Attributable to equity holders of the parent

Share
capital

Share
premium

(Note 1)
£’000

(Note 2)
£’000

Share
based
payments
(Note 5)
£’000

Hedging
reserve

Translation
reserve

Retained 
earnings

Minority
interest

Total
equity

Total

(Note 6)
£’000

(Note 7)
£’000

£’000

£’000

£’000

£’000

At 1 April 2007

4,595

47,204

1,018

Cash flow hedges

Exchange 
differences

Profit for the year

Exercise of options

Scrip dividends

Share based 
payments

Deferred tax 
recognised directly 
in equity

Corporation tax 
recognised directly 
in equity

Purchase of 
minority interest

Dividends

-

-

-

17

11

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

666

823

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

921

-

-

-

-

329

700

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

At 1 April 2008

4,623

48,693

1,939

1,029

Cash flow hedges

Exchange 
differences

Profit for the year

Exercise of options

Scrip dividends

Share based 
payments

Deferred tax 
recognised directly 
in equity

Corporation tax 
recognised directly 
in equity

Dividends

-

-

-

12

11

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

450

617

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1,000

-

-

-

(766)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

22

-

(17)

82,564

135,732

103

135,835

-

-

700

(17)

-

-

700

(17)

25,605

25,605

52

25,657

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

5

-

-

-

-

683

834

921

(725)

(725)

88

-

88

-

(8,567)

(8,567)

98,965

155,254

213

(553)

(29)

-

(29)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

18,988

18,988

-

-

-

90

39

462

628

1,000

90

39

(9,397)

(9,397)

-

-

-

-

-

683

834

921

(725)

88

(155)

(155)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(8,567)

155,254

(553)

(29)

18,988

462

628

1,000

90

39

(9,397)

166,482

At 31 March 2009

4,646

49,760

2,939

263

(24) 108,898

166,482

78

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

Company

Share
capital

Share
premium

General
reserve

Merger
reserve

(Note 1)
£’000

(Note 2)
£’000

(Note 3)
£’000

(Note 4)
£’000

Share
based
payments
(Note 5)
£’000

Hedging
reserve

Retained
earnings

Total

(Note 6)
£’000

£’000

£’000

At 1 April 2007

4,595

47,204

4,000

1,806

210

306

5,735

63,856

Cash flow hedges

Profit for the year

Exercise of options

Scrip dividends

Share based 
payments

Deferred tax 
recognised
directly in equity

Dividends

At 1 April 2008

Cash flow hedges

Profit for the year

Exercise of options

Scrip dividends

Share based 
payments

Deferred tax 
recognised
directly in equity

Dividends

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

17

11

4,623

12

11

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

666  -

823  -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

48,693

450  -

617  -

 -

 -

 -

4,000

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

1,806

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

(236)  -

(236)

11,011

11,011

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

70

54

683

834

107

20

20

(8,567)

(8,567)

8,199

67,708

(15)

9,385

39

9,385

462

628

251

30

30

(9,397)

(9,397)

 -

 -

 -

107  -

317

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

251  -

 -

 -

At 31 March 2009

4,646

49,760

4,000

1,806

568

124

8,202

69,106

Notes:
1.  Share capital

The balance classified as share capital represents the nominal value of ordinary 10p shares issued.

2.  Share premium

The  balance  classified  as  share  premium  includes  the  net  proceeds  in  excess  of  nominal  value  on  issue  of  the 
Company’s equity share capital, comprising 10p ordinary shares.

3.  General reserve

This  reserve  arose  in  1993  when  the  High  Court  of  Justice  granted  permission  to  reduce  the  Company’s  share 
premium account by £4,000,000 which was credited to a separate reserve named the general reserve.

4.  Merger reserve
  Where shares have been issued as consideration for acquisitions, the value of shares issued in excess of nominal 

value has been credited to the merger reserve rather than to the share premium account.

5.  Share based payments reserve

This reserve records the fair value of share based payments expensed in the income statement.

6.  Hedging reserve

This reserve records the portion of the gain or loss on a hedging instrument in a cash flow hedge that is determined 
to be an effective hedge.

7.  Translation reserve

This  reserve  records  exchange  differences  arising  from  the  translation  of  the  financial  statements  of  foreign 
subsidiaries.

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

79

 
 
 
 
 
 
26.  Additional cash flow information

Analysis of Group net debt

Cash and cash equivalents

Overdrafts

Other financial assets

Other financial liabilities

Revolving credit

Bank loans

Loan notes

Net debt

At
31 March 
2008

Cash 
flow

£’000

£’000

Other
non cash
changes

£’000

At 
31 March
2009

£’000

3,770

(11,468)

(7,698)

70

(7,628)

-

(8,000)

(61,664)

(1,093)

(78,385)

658

(969)

(311)

-

(311)

-

(1,000)

13,155

331

12,175

(29)

-

(29)

193

164

(173)

-

(373)

-

(382)

4,399

(12,437)

(8,038)

263

(7,775)

(173)

(9,000)

(48,882)

(762)

(66,592)

Net  debt  is  defined  as  cash  and  cash  equivalents  and  derivatives  at  fair  value  less  interest  bearing  liabilities  (net  of 
unamortised issue costs). Cash and cash equivalents all relate to continuing operations.

At
31 March 
2007

Cash 
flow

£’000

£’000

Other
non cash
changes

£’000

At 
31 March
2008

£’000

2,262

(2,756)

(494)

306

(188)

(2,000)

(72,794)

(927)

(75,909)

1,494

(8,712)

(7,218)

-

(7,218)

(6,000)

11,250

170

(1,798)

14

-

14

(236)

(222)

-

(120)

(336)

(678)

3,770

(11,468)

(7,698)

70

(7,628)

(8,000)

(61,664)

(1,093)

(78,385)

Cash and cash equivalents

Overdrafts

Other financial assets

Revolving credit

Bank loans

Loan notes

Net debt

80

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

 
Analysis of Company net debt

Overdrafts

Other financial assets

Other financial liabilities

Revolving credit

Bank loans

Loan notes

Net debt

Overdrafts

Other financial assets

Revolving credit

Bank loans

Loan notes

Net debt

At
31 March 
2008

Cash 
flow

£’000

£’000

Other
non cash
changes

£’000

At 
31 March
2009

£’000

(8,512)

2,355

 -

70

 -

(8,442)

2,355

 -

 -

(8,000)

(61,664)

(756)

(78,862)

At
31 March 
2007

 -

 -

(1,000)

13,155

296

14,806

Cash 
flow

£’000

£’000

(2,102)

(6,410)

 -

306

 -

(1,796)

(6,410)

(2,000)

(72,794)

(927)

(77,517)

 -

 -

(6,000)

11,250

171

(989)

54

54

(173)

(6,157)

124

(6,033)

(173)

(9,000)

(373)

(48,882)

(460)

(492)

(64,548)

Other
non cash
changes

£’000

(236)

(236)

(120)

At 
31 March
2008

£’000

(8,512)

70

(8,442)

(8,000)

(61,664)

(756)

(356)

(78,862)

27.  Contingent liabilities

The Company, together with its subsidiary undertakings, has entered into a cross guarantee with Lloyds TSB Bank plc, 
The Royal Bank of Scotland plc and Clydesdale Bank plc in respect of the Group’s facilities with those banks. Drawn 
down amounts totalled £71,437,000 as at 31 March 2009 (2008 - £81,343,000).

For the Company, the amounts drawn down by other group companies which were guaranteed by the Company at the 
year end totalled £6,280,000 (2008 - £2,956,000).

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

81

28.  Commitments

a)  The Directors have contracted for future capital expenditure for property, plant and equipment totalling £3,083,000 

(2008 - £7,347,000).

b)  The Group’s future minimum rentals payable under non-cancellable operating leases are as follows:

Group

Not later than one year

After one year but not more than five years

After five years

The Company has no non-cancellable operating leases.

29.  Pension commitments

2009
£’000

2,718

7,481

14,007

24,206

2008
£’000

3,737

9,890

24,067

37,694

The Group operates a number of defined contribution pension schemes whereby contributions are made to schemes 
operated by major insurance companies. Contributions to these schemes are determined as a percentage of employees’ 
earnings and the amount charged to the income statement is disclosed in note 6. Contributions owing to the insurance 
companies at the year-end, included in trade and other payables, amounted to £55,000 (2008 - £nil).

30.  Related party transactions

During the year the Group and Company entered into transactions, in the ordinary course of business, with related 
parties,  including  transactions  between  the  Company  and  its  subsidiary  undertakings.  In  the  Group  accounts 
transactions between the Company and its subsidiaries are eliminated on consolidation but these transactions are 
reported for the Company below:

Company only

Related party

Subsidiaries

2009

2008

Services rendered to the 
related party
£’000

Dividends received from 
related party
£’000

15,660

15,015

8,769

9,772

Amounts  owed  by  or  to  subsidiary  undertakings  are  disclosed  in  the  Company  balance  sheet  on  page  43.  Any  such 
amounts are unsecured and repayable on demand.

Remuneration of key management personnel

Short-term employee benefits

Post-employment benefits

Share-based payment

82

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

2009
£’000

3,924

509

579

5,012

2008
£’000

3,010

448

451

3,909

 
 
  
31.  Post balance sheet events

As notified to shareholders on 6 April 2009 Cranswick has exchanged contracts to acquire the whole of the issued share 
capital  of  Bowes  of  Norfolk  Limited,  a  pork  processing  business  based  in  Norfolk,  for  a  cash  consideration  of  £17.2 
million. The completion of the transaction is conditional upon clearance from the UK Competition Authorities which at 
this moment in time is ongoing.

On 24 April 2009 the Pet Division was sold to the management team, headed up by Derek Black, for a consideration 
of £17.0 million. There is a mechanism in place to normalise working capital through a cash adjustment. Cranswick plc 
will retain a 5.5 per cent share in the business going forward. Derek Black resigned as a main board director on that day.  
Derek Black will be a shareholder and director of the new company.

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

83

Advisers

Secretary

Malcolm Windeatt FCA

Company Number

1074383

Registered Office

Stockbrokers

Registrars

Auditors

Solicitors

Bankers

74 Helsinki Road 
Sutton Fields 
Hull 
HU7 0YW

Investec Investment Banking – London
Brewin Dolphin Securities – Newcastle

Capita IRG plc
Northern House
Woodsome Park
Fenay Bridge
Huddersfield
HD8 0GA

Ernst & Young LLP – Hull

Rollits – Hull

Lloyds TSB Bank plc
The Royal Bank of Scotland plc
Clydesdale Bank plc

Merchant Bankers

N M Rothschild & Sons – Leeds

84

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

 
Shareholder information

Five year statement

2009

£’m

2008

£’m

2007

£’m

2006

£’m

2005

£’m

Turnover *

606.8

559.2

479.8

401.6

282.8

Profit before tax *

34.7

33.0

32.1

30.6

20.6

Earnings per share *

40.5p

51.9p

49.3p

50.3p

37.2p

Dividends per share

21.7p

19.9p

18.1p

16.5p

14.5p

Capital expenditure

21.2

25.8

11.8

14.3

19.1

Net debt

Net assets

(66.6)

(78.4)

(75.9)

(77.1)

(92.4)

166.5

155.3

135.8

112.4

92.8

*:  excludes discontinued Pet Division operations for all years presented.

Dividends per share relate to dividends declared in respect of that year.

Net debt is defined as per note 26 to the accounts.

Financial calendar

Preliminary announcement of full year results 

Publication of Annual Report 

Annual General Meeting 

Payment of final dividend 

Announcement of interim results 

Payment of interim dividend 

May

July

July

September

November

January

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

85

Shareholder analysis
at 8 May 2009

Classification

Private Shareholders

Corporate bodies and nominees

Size of holding (shares)

1 – 1,000

1,001 – 5,000

5,001 – 10,000

10,001 – 50,000

50,001 – 100,000

 Above 100,000

Share price

Share price at 31 March 2008

Share price at 31 March 2009

High in the year

Low in the year

Number of 
holdings

Number of 
shares

6,289,870

40,174,742

46,464,612

331,758

1,254,224

840,234

3,165,142

3,392,412

37,480,842

46,464,612

1,158

591

1,749

816

558

118

138

48

71

1,749

515p

544p

745p

506p

Share price movement
Cranswick’s share price movement over the five year period to May 2009 and comparison against the FTSE 350 Food 
Producers and Processors Price Index (“FTSE FPP”) and against the FTSE All Share Price Index (“FTSE All Share”), both 
rebased at May 2004, is shown below:

Cranswick
FTSE All Shares
FTSE 350 Food Producers

Source: Investec

86

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

 
 
Professional awards
Some of the awards in recent years 
to Cranswick businesses

Meat Management Awards 2009
2009  Winner  Manufacturer of the Year

Grocer Own Label Excellence Award
2009  Winner  Delicatessen Meat Category – Sainsbury 
Taste The Difference Traditional Spiced Ham
Winner  Bacon & Sausage Category – Morrisons 

The  Best  Lightly  Oak  Smoked  Sweetcure 
Rindless Back Bacon
2008  Winner  Meat & Poultry Grocer Own Label

Category – Applewood Smoked Bacon

BPEX Foodservice Pork Product 
of the Year Competition
2008  Gold 

  Gold 

  Gold 

Best Cured Product – Jack Scaife 
Hand Cured, Air Dried Gammon Steak
Best Fresh Pork Cut – Outdoor Reared 
Hampshire Breed Thick Cut Pork Chops
Best Pork Ready Meal – Ham Shanks 
in Dijonnaise Sauce
  Silver  Best Innovative Pork Product – 
Smokey Flavour Maple BBQ Ribs
Best Innovative Pork Product – 
Pork Shanks
Best Cured Product – 
Muscavado Sweetcure Streaky Bacon

  Gold 

2007  Gold 

British Turkey Awards
2006   Winner  Best Ready to Eat Product award – 
Sainsburys Taste the Difference Free 
Range Turkey Breast 

Meat and Poultry News Awards
2009  Winner  Producer of the Year Award – 

Cranswick plc supplier-
Thomas Dent of Penrith in Cumbria

2005   Winner  Manufacturer of the Year

Super Meat Awards
2007  Winner Best Pork or Bacon Product – 

Truly Irresistible Oak Smoked 
Dry Cured Back Bacon
Finalist Best Pork or Bacon Product – 

Sainsburys Taste the Difference Slow 
Cook Outdoor Reared 
British Pork Belly

Finalist Best Sausage Product – Sainsburys 
Taste the Difference British Pork and 
Caramelised Red Onion Sausages

Finalist Best Organic Product – 

Sainsburys So Organic Dry Cured 
British Bacon

Silver  Best Cured Product – 

2005   Finalist Best Sausage Product – 

Muscavado Sweetcure Back Bacon

Silver  Best Fresh Pork Cut – 

Hampshire Outdoor Reared Rib Roast

Yorkshire Company of the Year 2007
2007  Winner  Yorkshire Business Enterprise Award

Food Awards 2006
2006   Winner  Best Packaging for a Product – 
Sainsburys Taste The Difference 
Dry Cured Sweet Cure Back Bacon

Aberdeen Angus Beef Sausage

Meat Industry Awards
2006   Winner Sausage of the Year – Sainsburys 

‘Pancetta & Parmesan’ sausage

Guild of Fine Food Retailers 
‘Great Taste’ Awards
2008   Gold 

Taste The Difference Ultimate 
Oak Smoked Bacon 
Smoked Streaky Bacon

2005   Gold 

Silver  Unsmoked Streaky Bacon
Silver  Chilli and Coriander Sausage
Bronze  Pork Sausage

British Sandwich Association Awards
2005   Winner En-Route Retailer of the Year category
Finalist  British Sandwich Designer of the Year

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

87

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Production facilities

Fresh pork

Sausages

Bacon

Cooked meats

88

Cranswick plc Report & Accounts 2009

Cranswick was formed in the 1970s by farmers in East Yorkshire to produce 
animal  feed.  The  Company  went  on  to  the  Stock  Market  in  1985  and 
since  that  time  has  evolved  into  a  business  that  is  highly  focused  on  the 
food  sector. Activities  include  the  supply  of  fresh  pork,  gourmet  sausages, 
charcuterie,  cooked  meats,  sandwiches  and  traditional  dry  cured  bacon.  
This now represents 100 percent of sales as the pet and aquatics business 
was sold subsequent to the year end and has been treated as discontinued.

Financial highlights

Turnover
(£m)

606.8

559.2

Profit before tax*
(£m)

Earnings per share*
(pence)

Dividends per share
(pence)

34.7

32.2

53.7

21.7

49.1

19.9

2008 2009

2008 2009

2008 2009

2008 2009

•	 Turnover	from	continuing	operations	up	9	per	cent	to	£607m

•	 Profit	before	tax	from	continuing	operations	up	8	per	cent	at	£34.7m*	

•	

Increase	of	9	per	cent	in	earnings	per	share	from	continuing	operations	to	53.7p*

•	 Dividend	up	9	per	cent	to	21.7p	per	share

*Before exceptional items

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Report & Accounts

Year ended 31 March
2009

Registered office: Helsinki Road, Sutton Fields, Hull HU7 0YW  
Tel. 01482 372000

www.cranswick.co.uk