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Focusing on high-value 
growth opportunities
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc 
Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024

Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc, the AIM traded West 
Africa, UK and Ireland focused oil and gas exploration, 
development and production company, announces its final 
results for the 12-month period ended 31 July 2024. 
What we do
Europa is building a balanced portfolio of producing, 
appraisal and exploration assets with minimal emissions 
within the net zero context
1.
Producing assets generating 
significant revenues with an 
associated work programme 
that will aim to drive shareholder 
value over the next 18 months 
and provide Windfall Tax shelter
2.
Gas appraisal and development 
opportunities with multiple 
development routes
3. 
Two high impact gas exploration 
assets near existing infrastructure 
(“ILX”) with farm-out processes 
underway on both.
To find out the most  
up-to-date information, 
visit our website:  
www.europaoil.com
 New port expansion in Bata, Equatorial Guinea
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
WHO WE ARE
Accelerating growth 
with high-value assets

Governance 
30	 Chairman’s introduction 
36	 Audit Committee report
37	 Remuneration Committee report
37	 Nominations Committee report
37	 Strategy Committee report
38	 ESG Committee report
38	 Risk Committee report
39	 Board of directors
42	 Directors’ report
43	 Statement of directors’ responsibilities
Our board
 Read more on page 39
Strategic Report 
<<	 Who we are
02	 Financial and operational highlights
05	 At a glance
08	 Statement from the chairman 
10	 Our strategy
11	
Investment case
12	 Sustainability
16	 Operational review
18	 Energy outlook
20	 Insights
26	 Risks and uncertainties
28	 Section 172
29	 Stakeholder engagement	
Our strategy
 Read more on page 10
Financial Statements 
44	 Independent auditor’s report
49	 Consolidated statement of comprehensive income
50	 Consolidated statement of financial position
51	 Consolidated statement of changes in equity
52	 Company statement of financial position
53	 Company statement of changes in equity
54	 Consolidated statement of cash flows
55	 Company statement of cash flows
56	 Notes to the financial statements
Our assets
 Read more on page 16
Financial Statements
Governance
Strategic Report
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
01
IN THIS REPORT
 

Equatorial Guinea
Europa announced a ground-
breaking deal in December 2023 
with the acquisition of a 42.9% 
stake in Antler Global Limited 
(“Antler”), which has an 80% 
working interest in licence  
EG-08 offshore Equatorial Guinea. 
This gives rise to a joint venture 
arrangement
	
^ Europa agreed a US$3 million cash 
subscription for new ordinary shares  
in Antler, with the payments being  
made in four instalments and which  
has now completed 
	
^ EG-08 is a highly prospective licence 
which has three drill-ready prospects,  
with internally estimated Mean 
Prospective Resource of 1.4 tcf  
of gas equivalent 
	
^ Antler and our technical team have 
further evaluated the seismic data across 
the block and have identified additional 
prospectivity, resulting in a Mean 
Prospective Resource of 2.1 tcf of  
gas equivalent
	
^ Antler commenced a farm-down process 
in Q3 this year with a view to bringing in  
a partner for drilling, potentially in 2025
	
^ A discovery from only one of the three 
main prospects could be quickly tied back 
to existing gas infrastructure located 9km 
to the south
Offshore Ireland
Lower risk/very high reward 
infrastructure-led exploration in 
proven gas play in the Slyne Basin 
	
^ Licence FEL 4/19 contains the Inishkea 
West gas exploration prospect, which has 
been mapped as a large four-way closure 
with a prospective resource Pmean of  
1.5 tcf of recoverable gas 
	
^ The FEL 4/19 licence extension was 
granted by the Irish Government, 
extending the licence term to  
31 January 2026 
	
^ Following the licence extension, a farm-
out process has begun again with the aim 
of bringing in a partner to assist with the 
drilling of the prospect
	
^ Inishkea West is within easy tie-back 
range of the Corrib gas field situated 
some 18 kilometres to the southeast. 
This proximity to the Corrib infrastructure, 
the mapped four-way closure, the large 
prospective resource and the reduced 
seal risk means that the Inishkea West 
prospect has become the primary 
exploration target on the FEL 4/19 licence 
FINANCIAL AND OPERATIONAL HIGHLIGHTS 
Our performance in 2024
 
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc, the AIM traded West Africa, UK and Ireland 
focused oil and gas exploration, development and production company, 
announces its final results for the 12-month period ended 31 July 2024. 
Onshore UK
Net production declined 48% to 
137 barrels of oil per day (“bopd”) 
(2023: 265 bopd) following 
planned downtime and increased 
water cut on the Wressle oilfield
	
^ We continue to progress our Cloughton 
asset to determine if commercial 
rates can be obtained using modern 
completion techniques so that the  
192 bcf (Pmean) potential can be 
monetised. Terms have been agreed for 
the site and work has now commenced 
to secure the necessary permits required 
to drill an appraisal well, expected to be 
in 2026. Given the proximity to the UK 
gas network and quality of the natural 
gas contained within the reservoir, a 
successful appraisal well could be quickly 
brought online, displacing LNG imports 
and reducing global emissions
	
^ Wressle production declined throughout 
the period 
	• Gross production averaged 357 bopd 
throughout the period (2023: 710 bopd), 
with Europa’s net share equating to  
107 bopd (2023: 213 bopd) 
	• A jet pump was installed on the 
Wressle-1 well that took three months 
to complete and resulted in interrupted 
production between mid-August 
through to early November 2023
Operational highlights 
Building a balanced portfolio of exploration, appraisal, and production assets
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
02

	
^ A new seismic interpretation and mapping 
exercise across the Wressle field has 
highlighted a potentially significant 
increase in resources from the Ashover 
Grit and the results of the analysis are 
now being incorporated into the field 
development plan. The intention is that 
two back-to-back development wells will 
be drilled from the existing Wressle site. 
Planning consent was received for the 
project in September, however the North 
Lincolnshire Council’s decision to grant 
planning permission has subsequently 
been challenged in light of the Finch 
Supreme Court judgement which 
ruled that scope 3 emissions must be 
considered in planning applications for oil 
and gas developments. This is expected 
to result in the planning approval being 
rescinded. The Wressle Joint Venture is 
now going to submit further information 
that covers potential scope 3 emissions 
such that a future planning process 
could be approved. The wells will be 
drilled at the earliest opportunity, once 
the necessary consents and regulatory 
approvals have been received 
	
^ In addition to the two development wells, 
work is ongoing to monetise the associated 
gas being produced from Wressle by 
connecting to a local gas distribution 
network. This work is expected to be 
completed around the same time as the 
development wells and is subject to the 
same regulatory approvals
	
^ The revised CPR on Wressle was 
completed in H2 2023 by ECRE which 
incorporated the new field interpretation, 
historical production performance data 
and the field development plan. The key 
highlights of the CPR included: 263% 
increase in 2P Reserves compared 
to 2016 CPR, reclassification of 1,883 
mboe in Penistone Flags Contingent 
Resources to 2P Reserves, 59% upgrade 
to the Ashover Grit and Wingfield Flags 
Estimated Ultimate Recoverable and  
23% upgrade to Broughton North 
Prospective Resources
	
^ Total net production of 137 bopd was 
produced from Europa’s UK onshore 
fields during the year with Wressle 
contributing roughly 78% of this and  
the remainder coming from the three 
older fields
Offshore UK
Serenity discovery in the  
North Sea
	
^ The recent change in government in 
the UK and the continued uncertainty 
of the domestic regulatory and fiscal 
environment have sharply increased the 
possibility of future fiscal changes for the 
oil and gas industry, which we believe 
could negatively impact the economics  
of the Serenity project
	
^ Given that the Serenity licence was due  
to expire at the end of September 2024, 
we have therefore taken the decision 
to allow the licence to lapse, which has 
resulted in a £4.9 million impairment of 
the capitalised costs associated with  
the project
UK offshore licensing 
round
	
^ In 2022, Europa participated in the UK 
Government’s 33rd offshore oil and gas 
licensing round and in May 2024 the 
Company was contacted by the North  
Sea Transition Authority (“NSTA”)  
who proposed a licence-sharing 
arrangement between Europa and 
another party for a new licence. After 
careful consideration, the Company has 
decided not to accept the proposed 
shared licence given the recent new 
country entry into the highly prospective 
EG-08 licence and the limited resources 
of the Company. The board believes that 
the risk/reward proposition for new assets 
in the UK is currently challenging
 
 
Board
	
^ Simon Oddie resigned in November 2023
	
^ Stephen Williams resigned in November 2023
	
^ Simon Ashby-Rudd was appointed in 
December 2023
	
^ Eleanor Rowley was appointed in April 2024
Post reporting period 
events
	
^ In September 2024, we were delighted 
that planning approval was awarded 
for two new development wells on the 
Wressle field which we expect to drill 
back-to-back next year. As a result of 
the Finch Supreme Court ruling and a 
proposed legal challenge to the granting 
of planning permission for the next phase 
of the Wressle development, it is expected 
that the planning consent will be rescinded 
once the court process has concluded. 
The Wressle Joint Venture plans to submit 
further information that covers potential 
scope 3 emissions such that a future 
planning process could be approved. 
	
^ We have decided against applying to 
extend the Serenity licence in the North 
Sea following its expiry at the end of 
September 2024 and given the ongoing 
uncertainties around the oil and gas fiscal 
regime in the UK
Change of accounting 
reference date
	
^ We have decided to change our 
accounting reference date from 31 July 
to 31 December. This change aligns 
our financial reporting period with the 
calendar year and allows for enhanced 
comparability with peer companies in the 
oil and gas industry. It also aligns more 
closely with industry standard timeframes 
for project work programmes and budgets. 
As a result, our next full annual report  
will be for the 17-month period ending  
31 December 2025. We will report interim 
results as at 31 December 2024 and  
30 June 2025 in the intervening period.
Financial Statements
Governance
Strategic Report
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
03

FINANCIAL AND OPERATIONAL HIGHLIGHTS CONTINUED
 
 
Europa announced a highly material new 
country entrance during the 2023/24 financial 
year, with the acquisition of a 42.9% stake in 
Antler Global, providing us with significant 
near-term exposure to exploration in 
Equatorial Guinea through the EG-08 licence.  
I cannot overstate how exciting an opportunity 
this is for Europa and its stakeholders, given 
the sheer scale of the prize on offer in this 
highly prospective hydrocarbon province. 
With over 2 tcf of nearfield, infrastructure-led, 
low-risk, Amplitude versus Offset (“AVO”) 
supported prospects identified which can be 
quickly brought online, EG-08 is a world-class 
asset. We have a data room up and running 
and have already seen considerable interest 
from industry. We are targeting completion of a 
farm-out within the coming months and have 
concurrently started planning for a well to be 
drilled, which could spud as early as next year. 
We continue to progress our Irish business 
throughout the year and are hoping to 
farmout a portion of our 100% owned licence 
FEL 4/19, which contains the 1.5 tcf Inishkea 
West near-field exploration prospect. I am 
pleased to report that a licence extension 
was granted by the Irish Government, 
extending the licence term from January 
2024 to 31 January 2026. Last October, 
we announced the results of our internally 
generated seismic reprocessing which has 
materially improved the subsurface imaging 
of the prospect. We now have much greater 
confidence in the quality of the seal and trap at 
Inishkea West. A prospect of this size and 
quality simply has to be drilled in my opinion, 
not least because of the significant impact a 
successful discovery would have on Ireland’s 
security of energy supply for a number of years. 
Since assuming operatorship of Cloughton 
in July 2023 we have made steady progress 
with the appraisal work on PEDL343, which is 
an onshore UK licence. 
We have agreed terms for a site on which 
to establish a drilling pad and have initiated 
the planning approval process in order to 
drill an appraisal well on the field to test if 
the estimated 192 bcf (Pmean) GIIP can be 
produced at commercial rates. We believe 
that whilst the UK continues to consume 
gas, which is forecast to continue beyond 
2050, the most responsible source is, both 
commercially and environmentally, domestic 
gas. For that reason, a development of the 
Cloughton gas field is fully aligned with the 
UK Government’s British Energy Security 
Strategy and Net Zero 2050 goals. 
We continued to develop and produce from our 
core assets onshore UK, where we continue to 
invest in our flagship Wressle oilfield. Planning 
is ongoing to develop the gassy Penistone Flags 
reservoir with two back-to-back wells as soon 
as the necessary approvals have been received. 
We believe that these wells will boost oil production 
and enable the export of gas into the local 
network grid, thus eliminating the need for flaring. 
In the year, we delivered revenue of  
£3.6 million, and whilst this was roughly half of 
the previous year’s, we invested significantly 
in the Wressle field with the successful 
installation of a jet pump. The extensive works 
on the jet pump and associated production 
facilities meant that Wressle was offline for 
three months which materially impacted the 
volume of oil that we produced. This was 
further exacerbated by lower oil prices during 
the period, resulting in the reduced revenue 
for the year. Nevertheless, we ended the year 
with a cash balance of £1.5 million in Europa 
accounts, £0.7 million in Antler accounts (gross) 
and we continue to generate cash flow from 
Wressle and our other onshore UK assets. 
Throughout the year, we worked on various 
development options for the Serenity oil 
discovery in the Central North Sea. However, 
we became increasingly concerned about the 
political and fiscal backdrop in the UK as time 
progressed. We have evaluated the options for 
commercialisation of the asset and do not believe 
in the current environment it is attractive 
for Europa shareholders. Consequently, in 
September 2024 we chose not to extend the 
Serenity licence, which we believe is in the 
best interest of Europa and its shareholders. 
Following the expected activity from our 
new-country entry into Equatorial Guinea, 
and progress with our onshore UK projects at 
Cloughton and Wressle along with our Irish 
acreage, I believe we are well positioned to 
continue to grow the Company, and I look 
forward to updating shareholders over the 
coming 12 months.
William Holland, CEO
Financial performance
Revenue (£m)
£3.6m 	
2024
£6.7m 	
2023
	
^ Revenue declined 46% to £3.6 million, 
reflecting lower oil production (which 
included a three-month shut-in period at 
Wressle) and lower realised oil prices  
(2023: £6.7 million)
Gross profit (£m)
£0.3m 	
2024
£3.4m 	
2023
Pre-tax loss (£m)
£6.8m 	
2024
£0.9m 	
2023
	
^ Pre-tax loss of £6.8 million after non-cash 
exploration impairment loss of £5.0 million 
(2023: pre-tax loss of £0.9 million after non-
cash impairment loss of £1.7 million)
Net cash (used in)/generated by 
operating activities (£m)
(£0.6m)	
2024
£2.8m 	
2023
Cash balance at 31 July 2024 (£m)
£1.5m 	
2024
£5.2m 	
2023
04
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024

 AT A GLANCE
Responsible custodians  
of hydrocarbons
Shareholders
Government 
regulators
Joint venture 
partners
Suppliers and 
advisers
Local community
Europa’s objective is to participate actively in the global energy transition 
to sustainable renewables by being a preferred partner for the supply of 
hydrocarbons as this transition takes place. By being a good custodian of the 
hydrocarbon resource and developing assets responsibly, Europa provides 
a valuable resource and helps minimise the total emissions associated with 
consuming hydrocarbons.
It is recognised that hydrocarbons play 
a vital role in society and that mankind is 
reliant on both oil and gas and shall be for 
the foreseeable future. However, in order to 
reduce emissions as much as possible, the 
best sources of hydrocarbons are the ones 
that are produced as close to where they 
are consumed as possible, as this reduces 
the significant emissions associated with the 
transportation process. Gas in particular is 
seen as a transition fuel that will play a vital 
role in the global energy transition. 
The UK Government recognises that 
delivering a low-carbon future will be 
achieved by protecting infrastructure already 
present in the UK Continental Shelf and 
onshore through continued activity. It also 
recognises the need for hydrocarbons and 
the strategic importance of utilising existing 
infrastructure to reduce our emissions and 
improve energy security.
Equally, Ireland is well positioned to utilise 
its existing gas infrastructure to minimise 
the total emissions associated with its 
energy consumption by targeting domestic 
exploration opportunities and prioritising 
these above higher emissions gas imports.
Europa has a material gas-focused portfolio 
with development of the gassy Penistone 
Flags reservoir at Wressle, high impact gas 
appraisal at Cloughton and material gas 
exploration potential at EG-08 and FEL 4/19, 
all of which could potentially supply the UK 
and European gas markets. 
Delivering for our 
stakeholders
Europa is committed to creating stakeholder 
value by building a balanced portfolio of 
exploration, appraisal and production assets 
with an emphasis on West Africa whilst 
continuing to develop our core UK assets 
and the high potential of Atlantic Ireland.
With a focus on value and prudent utilisation 
of cash, we will continue to evaluate 
and acquire quality assets, provided that 
these can be acquired and developed on 
acceptable commercial terms and within the 
transition context.
Experienced team
Europa is led by a highly experienced board 
and management team with extensive 
knowledge of the oil and gas sector and a 
proven track record of project monetisation, 
focused on generating substantial  
shareholder value.
 Malabo, Equatorial Guinea
 North Yorkshire, England
Financial Statements
Governance
Strategic Report
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
05

AT A GLANCE CONTINUED
A diverse portfolio of predominantly high  
impact gas assets from ILX to development
Our portfolio
We have a diverse portfolio of assets from 
exploration and appraisal to development 
and production
 Read more on page 16
Country 
Area
Licence
Field/Prospect
Operator
Working interest
Status
Expiry
Equatorial
Guinea
Douala Sub Basin, 
Gulf of Guinea
EG-08
Arrowhead, 
Barracuda, Cardinal
Antler1
34.32%2
Exploration
20273 
UK
East Midlands
DL 003 
West Firsby
Europa 
100%
Production 
20254 
DL 001
Crosby Warren
Europa 
100% 
Production 
2026
PL 199/215
Whisby W4
BPEL 
65% 
Production 
2026
PEDL180
Wressle
Egdon
30%
Production
2039
PEDL182
Broughton North
Egdon
30%
Exploration
2039
PEDL343
Cloughton
Europa
40%
Exploration
20465 
Ireland
Slyne Basin 
FEL 4/19
Inishkea, Corrib North
Europa
100%
Exploration
20346
EG-08 PSC 
2.1 tcf Pmean
 Read more on page 20
Inishkea West prospect 
1.5 tcf Pmean
 Read more on page 16
Cloughton appraisal 
192 bcf GIIP
 Read more on page 16
1 	 Europa is a 42.9% shareholder in Antler and has one of the two seats on the Antler board of directors
2 	 Antler holds an 80% interest in EG-08, as a result Europa holds a 34.32% net interest in the licence
3	 Initial two-year term expiring in October 2025 followed by two-year second term after which further extension is subject to well results and term negotiation 	
	
with host government
4 	 Production period expiry is in December 2025 and a further extension will be applied for during 2025. Last extension was granted in 2022
5 	 Progression to next phase by March 2026
6 	 Progression to next phase by January 2026
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
06

Equatorial Guinea EG-08
Farm-out process launched  
in Q3 2024
 Read more on page 20
Equatorial Guinean asset
The interest in the EG-08 asset 
was acquired as a direct result of a 
proactive business development 
campaign to identify and secure 
a high-impact asset with near-
term value-generating activity. 
Since acquiring the interest in 
December 2023 the technical 
team has mapped 2.1 tcf of 
near-field infrastructure lead 
exploration prospects and 
initiated a farm-out process. 
The EG-08 attributes are what 
the majors are looking for: 
materiality, great technical 
characteristics, gas prone, near 
existing infrastructure so quick 
to production which feeds the 
European gas market.
 Read more on page 20
Key
 Production 
 Exploration
 
 Appraisal
 Development
 Equatorial Guinea
Inishkea West prospect
Licence extended to January  
2026 and farm-out process  
ongoing
 Read more on page 16
Cloughton –  
North Yorkshire
Terms of drilling pad have 
been agreed and planning 
application in progress for a  
gas appraisal well
 Read more on page 16
Wressle
Planning approval ongoing 
for a two-well development 
programme and gas processing 
and grid connection
 Read more on page 17
Financial Statements
Governance
Strategic Report
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
07

Brian O’Cathain, Chairman
STATEMENT FROM THE CHAIRMAN 
Executing on our growth strategy  
and diversifying our political risk
Equatorial Guinea 
In the final month of 2023, we were delighted 
to complete the acquisition of a 42.9% stake 
in Antler, which has an 80% working interest 
in licence EG-08 offshore Equatorial Guinea 
in West Africa. This entry into West Africa 
was a prudent decision underpinned by 
the wealth of exploration and development 
project experience the Europa team and 
board have across the region. We consider 
EG-08 to be a highly prospective, low risk 
opportunity for the Company and have  
been encouraged by the Equatorial Guinean 
Government’s robust support and regular 
communication since we acquired a stake  
in the licence.
We estimate that EG-08 has total prospective 
resources of 2.1 tcfe and, given it contains 
what we consider to be drill-ready prospects 
consisting of three independent targets 
totalling 1.4 tcfe (Pmean) with a 70% 
geological chance of success (“GCOS”), 
we regard EG-08 as a relatively low risk, 
high impact opportunity which is close to 
infrastructure so can be brought quickly into 
production, if successfully appraised. 
We have now initiated the farm-in process to 
secure a partner capable of providing us with 
the financial support necessary to advance 
this exciting project, whilst we will continue 
to evaluate other opportunities that arise in 
this prolific hydrocarbon region which is well 
regulated and supportive of the upstream 
hydrocarbon industry.
Offshore Ireland
Following the Irish Government’s decision 
to extend the FEL 4/19 exploration licence 
until 2026, we have continued with our 
extensive search for a suitable farm-in 
partner during the period. Located off the 
west coast of Ireland, FEL 4/19 is ideally 
positioned adjacent to the Corrib gas field, 
which has been producing gas for domestic 
consumption for a number of years and has 
sufficient ullage to monetise a discovery on 
our licence. FEL 4/19 contains the large 1.5 tcf 
low-risk Inishkea West gas prospect where 
a discovery could be brought online quickly 
providing domestic gas with significantly 
lower emissions intensity than imported gas 
from the UK, Norway or other jurisdictions.
During the period, we also published an 
updated emissions report for FEL 4/19. 
The third-party study, which calculated the 
expected emissions associated with the 
development of a future 1 tcf indigenous 
gas discovery on the licence, demonstrated 
that our gas resource at the Inishkea West 
prospect has the potential to eradicate the 
need for higher emissions intensity gas 
imports from the UK for up to three years 
whilst helping Ireland meet its carbon 
emission reduction targets.
Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the 
geopolitical turmoil that has ensued have 
highlighted to governments worldwide, but 
particularly those in Europe, the importance 
of energy security. We will continue to 
ensure Irish politicians, councillors and all 
key stakeholders are well informed on our 
licence and the role it could play in mitigating 
Ireland’s dependence on expensive, carbon 
intensive overseas imports.
Onshore UK
At our principal producing asset Wressle, 
development work to enhance production 
rates included the installation of a jet  
pump during the period. This involved a 
three-month shutdown of the well and,  
as a result, Wressle’s average gross 
production rate during the year was  
357 bopd. The well continues to perform at 
rates above the independent Competent 
Person’s P10 production profile, which was 
updated and announced in January 2024. 
Wressle continues to generate cash flow 
and, post-period end, we were pleased 
to announce receipt of planning consent 
from North Lincolnshire Council for the 
further development of the Wressle well 
site. We are disappointed that the planning 
permission is likely to be rescinded following 
a legal challenge in light of the recent Finch 
Supreme Court judgement which ruled that 
scope 3 emissions must be considered 
in planning applications for oil and gas 
developments. The Wressle Joint Venture is 
now going to submit further information that 
covers potential scope 3 emissions such that 
a future planning process could be approved. 
The works will include extending the existing 
site to accommodate the drilling of two new 
wells and construction of gas processing 
facilities and a 600m underground gas 
pipeline to connect Wressle to the local 
gas distribution network. This will result in 
zero routine flaring as the gas sales further 
increase revenues.
Introduction
The 2023/2024 financial year was 
a busy, and at times challenging, 
period for Europa as we focused 
on progressing workstreams 
surrounding our new Equatorial 
Guinea (EG) licence whilst 
ensuring the Company maintains 
a healthy balance of producing, 
exploration and appraisal assets. 
Against a backdrop of well-documented 
macroeconomic pressures and political 
tensions impacting UK-focused hydrocarbon 
businesses, we have still managed to identify 
a suitable location for an appraisal well at 
Cloughton and, alongside our partners, have 
ensured Wressle remains cash generative. 
Through our decision to turn our new 
ventures focus on Africa and not apply for 
an extension to the Serenity licence, we 
have further diversified our asset mix whilst 
reducing our exposure to some of the 
negative political rhetoric surrounding the 
UK upstream sector. We continue to focus on 
finding good farm-in partners for our EG and 
Irish assets as an important near-term priority.
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
08

 
In February 2024, we announced that the 
NSTA had granted us a two-year extension 
to our PEDL343 (Cloughton) licence. The 
extension has enabled us to continue our 
ongoing work on the licence, where we 
estimate Cloughton to have gross gas initially 
in place (GIIP) volumes of 192 bcf (Pmean). 
The Cloughton discovery well, drilled in 
1986, was looking for oil and demonstrated 
good quality sweet gas that flowed naturally 
at rates of up to 28,000 scf/day. We believe 
that a well could flow at rates of 6 mmscf/day 
using the modern completion techniques.
We have selected Burniston Mill as our 
location for an appraisal well at Cloughton 
and continue to engage with stakeholders 
to obtain the necessary permits and 
consents needed to drill the well in order 
to demonstrate the productivity of the field, 
which remains a key target for 2025.
Offshore UK
Post-period end, we announced that we 
do not intend to apply to the North Sea 
Transition Authority for an extension to the 
Serenity licence, which consequently expired 
on 30 September 2024. As a result, the 
incurred costs associated with Serenity that 
the Company has capitalised on its balance 
sheet will be written off.
Board changes
In November 2023, Simon Oddie and 
Stephen Williams decided to withdraw 
their candidacy for re-election from the 
resolutions at the Annual General Meeting 
(“AGM”). Consequently, they ceased to serve 
as directors of the Company after the AGM. 
Simon and Stephen both made a significant 
contribution to the development of Europa, 
and on behalf of the board and the Company, 
I would like to put on record our sincere 
thanks to them, and best wishes for their 
future endeavours.
In December 2023, the board was 
strengthened with the addition of Mr Simon 
Ashby-Rudd as independent non-executive 
director. Simon has extensive experience in 
the upstream energy sector which includes 
30 years in investment banking roles at large 
financial institutions, including Dresdner 
Kleinwort Benson, Citigroup and Standard 
Bank, where he was Global Head of Oil & 
Gas. He was the founding European partner 
at Tristone Capital, which was a leading 
UK boutique M&A and equity advisory firm 
before it was acquired by Macquarie Bank. 
Simon has significant global experience in 
advising energy companies on corporate strategy 
and capital structuring and has spent much of 
his career focused on Europe and Africa. 
In April 2024, we further strengthened the 
board with the appointment of Dr Eleanor 
Rowley as independent non-executive 
director. Eleanor is an exploration geologist 
and a successful hydrocarbon finder who has 
extensive experience in the upstream energy 
sector, with a particular focus on African projects. 
Eleanor’s extensive knowledge of exploration 
and appraisal asset evaluation has already 
contributed significant value to Europa, with 
her skillset highly complementary to the 
board’s existing strengths. 
Importantly, appointing a third independent 
non-executive director has enhanced 
the independent governance at Europa, 
returning the board to a majority of 
independent directors.
Conclusion and outlook
By developing a well-balanced portfolio of 
assets across trusted oil and gas jurisdictions, 
we remain in a stable position to deliver solid 
operational progress in the coming months.
2025 will be an exciting period for Europa 
with activity across many of our assets 
that has the potential to materially drive 
shareholder value. Wressle remains one of 
the UK’s leading onshore oilfields and a key 
cash generator for Europa, and the proposed 
two well development would generate 
important revenues for the Company.  
At Cloughton, appraisal drilling to test the 
reservoir productivity could result in the 
UK’s largest onshore gas field, which given 
its proximity to gas infrastructure, could be 
brought online quickly.
In addition, we have exciting near-term gas 
exploration opportunities at our Equatorial 
Guinea licence, as well as our Ireland licence, 
and continue to search for ideal farm-inees 
for both assets. Both assets are close to gas 
infrastructure so, like Cloughton, both can  
be brought online quickly following a 
successful well.
On behalf of the board, I would like to thank 
all Europa employees who have helped us 
mitigate the impact of macroeconomic and 
domestic headwinds prevalent across the 
period. We look forward to what should be  
a highly productive next 12 months for  
Europa with a number of key projects 
progressing as planned. 
Brian O’Cathain 
Non-executive Chairman
25 October 2024 
The 2023/24 
financial year 
was a productive 
period for Europa 
underpinned by 
our entry into the 
highly prospective 
EG-08 PSC.
“
Financial Statements
Governance
Strategic Report
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
09

OUR STRATEGY
Expanding our portfolio with  
a value driven new country entry
New ventures
1.	
Value driven
2.	 Target the best deals for EOG
	• Opportunity cost in both staff time (G&A) 
and EOG financial resources 
3.	 New opportunities  
measured against
	• Strategic fit to EOG portfolio
	• Match to EOG core skillset 
	• Materiality –  significantly move  
EOG valuation
	• Risk –  acceptable risk/reward profile
4.	 Proactive approach to  
new ventures
	• Leverage EOG management 
experience
5.	 Experienced team: across 
multiple African jurisdictions 
and basins
Fiscal  
terms
Geography
Management 
experience/ 
network
Geology
Europa is focused on building a  
high impact balanced portfolio of  
producing, development, appraisal 
and exploration assets in West 
Africa, the UK and Atlantic Ireland. 
We continue to assess significant value 
accretive opportunities while ensuring 
that the Company minimises risk. Europa 
uses various financial and non-financial 
performance measures to monitor progress 
and ensure that strategic objectives are met. 
The key performance indicators for 2023/24 
are set out in this report and comprise daily 
production, revenue, gross profit, and net 
cash generated by operating activities.
The value-focused strategy was epitomised 
during the last year with the acquisition of 
the EG-08 asset in Equatorial Guinea and 
assuming operatorship of Cloughton. EG-08 
has multi-tcf gas potential located close to 
existing infrastructure which supplies the 
European gas market. The prospectivity 
of the licence is excellent as the primary 
structures are defined by calibrated 
amplitude versus offset (“AVO”) responses 
which result in a 70% chance of finding gas 
for each of the three primary prospects. The 
risk/reward proposition of this licence is 
excellent and is attracting significant interest 
from potential farm-in partners.
A strategic asset review of the Europa 
portfolio identified Cloughton as a “sleeper 
asset” with material upside within the 
portfolio. The partners agreed that Europa 
was best placed to appraise and develop  
the estimated 192 bcf GIIP potential of  
the onshore UK gas field, which was 
discovered in 1986 but not developed due  
to the prevailing gas market at the time.  
We now intend to drill an appraisal well  
and demonstrate that the gas can be 
produced commercially. 
The field’s potential will then be realised by 
a field development which would involve 
connecting it to the UK gas network and 
selling the gas.
Over the last five years, the Company 
has moved away from a predominantly 
frontier exploration strategy with some 
local production paying the bills to a lower 
risk near-field exploration, appraisal and 
development strategy matching the current 
industry demands and with a shorter time 
scale from investment to production.
With gas being a clean transition fuel, 
opportunities to explore and develop gas  
fields remain attractive, especially those located 
near the market. This is the case for Cloughton 
in the UK along with the EG-08 and the FEL 4/19 
assets, which are both located adjacent to 
existing infrastructure and which both have 
multi-tcf potential. The proximity to infrastructure 
means that the gas can be brought online 
quickly following successful drilling.
Smaller companies are facing challenging 
times for expansion. Inflation means that 
projects are more expensive and equity 
markets remain tight as some institutional 
investors increasingly choose not to invest in 
the hydrocarbon sector. As such, we carefully 
manage our cost base and utilise our existing 
cash flow. All new projects are assessed by 
their potential to add value whilst maintaining 
profitability at a time when regulation, planning 
delays and increased governmental taxation 
makes cash accumulation for capital-intensive 
projects more challenging. Europa continues 
to focus on projects where we can see that we 
have a competitive advantage while at the same 
time pursuing value-added diversification to 
ensure effective risk management.
The Cloughton and Wressle fields have great 
potential for undeveloped gas and will form 
the foundation for a substantial business for 
the immediate future. 
EG-08 continues to attract significant 
attention from farm-in partners while FEL 4/19 
remains of interest to some key potential 
partners and both have the potential to 
materially drive shareholder value.
For small E&P companies, access to finance 
affects the rate of growth of the Company. 
Therefore, all new opportunities must not 
only satisfy our own rigorous technical 
assessment but must also be able to attract 
the necessary investment finance to appraise 
and develop the asset. 
Assets 
We have a diverse portfolio of hydrocarbon assets 
at various stages of the development cycle 
including exploration, appraisal and production.
North Sea
The UK Government recognises that 
hydrocarbons will play a vital role in the UK 
beyond 2050 as the country progresses 
towards the stated Net Zero goals. As such, 
our Cloughton and Wressle assets are well 
placed to play a role in this process.
European gas
Gas has long been seen as an important 
transition fuel for the European markets, and 
following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and 
the resulting impact on gas prices, security 
of supply has also become an important 
factor. Both our Irish and EG assets provide 
excellent near-field infrastructure-led gas 
opportunities, and, following exploration 
success, both could quickly start providing 
gas into the European gas markets.
Europa recognises the myriad of 
opportunities that exist in the upstream 
sector and continues to explore new projects 
to further diversify its asset base and 
generate additional shareholder value.
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
10

INVESTMENT CASE 
 
Four reasons to invest 
1
Balanced and diverse portfolio of 
producing, development, high impact 
appraisal, and high impact exploration 
assets
Europa is well placed to continue its production, development, 
appraisal and exploration of existing onshore and offshore UK assets, 
alongside the Company’s projects in Equatorial Guinea and Ireland. 
The Company is committed to continuing to build on its asset portfolio 
by adding further exploration and appraisal opportunities which can 
drive shareholder value in the near term.
3
Pivotal role in the energy transition
Gas will play a key role in the energy transition and the main assets 
that are being progressed by the Company are either gas plays or 
gas-focused developments. EG-08, FEL 4/19 and Cloughton are 
all gas projects, and added to this the development of Wressle is 
targeting the gas-rich Penistone Flags reservoir horizon of the field. 
All projects are close to gas infrastructure so can be brought online 
relatively quickly and all will supply the UK or European gas market.
Governments and some environmental groups alike agree that a key 
step in achieving net zero goals is to increase domestic gas supply 
which minimises the transportation and emissions associated with 
importing hydrocarbons, especially now that the UK gas market is 
increasingly reliant on high emissions LNG. 
2
Near-term transformational activity 
Over the next 12 months there is activity across our asset base 
that has the potential to drive material shareholder value. We are 
progressing the farm-out process with both of our infrastructure-
led exploration assets in EG and Ireland where we are seeking 
partners to provide a full carry on near field exploration prospects. 
Concurrently we are progressing our onshore UK Cloughton gas 
appraisal asset to secure the necessary approval for drilling in 2026. 
4
Robust financial foundations with an 
experienced board providing platform to 
explore additional E&P opportunities
With no debt, supportive shareholders and continuing profits from 
production which, due to past investment, continues to be shielded 
from the Energy Profits Levy (Windfall Tax), Europa is in a position 
to further develop its existing producing assets and to target value 
enhancing appraisal opportunities contained in our existing asset 
portfolio. The board and management team at Europa have a 
history of successfully identifying and monetising new upstream 
opportunities and the Company is well placed to continue to seek 
and acquire further assets. Our strategic acquisition focus is on assets 
that can delivery material shareholder value, contribute to domestic 
supply and those that utilise existing infrastructure. 
Multiple near-term value 
accretive activities
Financial Statements
Governance
Strategic Report
11
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024

Europa recently undertook a materiality assessment that helped identify the key material 
topics relevant to Europa’s business. These topics were then aligned with relevant United 
Nations Sustainable Development Goals (“UN SDGs”). From this, we developed high-level 
goals which have been built upon this year as we further develop our strategy, as well as 
continue to support the UK’s energy transition.
Europa’s strategy revolves around the three key pillars of ESG:
Environment, Social and Governance.
SUSTAINABILITY
Gas focused asset base to support the  
energy transition to 2050 and beyond
 
Environment
We believe in acting as 
responsible custodians of  
the physical spaces which  
we occupy as a company,  
with the utmost respect for 
the environment in which  
we operate.
Social
Europa commits to being 
fair and inclusive in all 
our interactions with our 
employees and partners, 
including those communities 
with whom we interact.
 Read more on page 14
 Read more on page 15
 Read more on page 30
Governance
As an AIM-quoted entity 
Europa follows all required 
reporting and corporate 
governance guidelines.  
To go beyond the minimum 
requirements, our ESG 
Committee has oversight on 
the integration of our ESG 
strategy with our overall 
Company development  
and activities.
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
12

Materiality matrix
Important topics 
Material topics
Impact on Europa’s stakeholders
Impact on Europa’s business
8
1
7
5
3
6
4
11
2
12
9
10
1.	
Local communities and  
economic impacts
2.	
Non-discrimination and  
equal opportunity
3.	
Water and waste 
management
4.	
Ecological impact
5.	
Climate adaptation, energy 
transition and emissions
6.	
Health and safety, asset 
integrity
7.	
Policy engagement
8.	
Anti-corruption and strong 
governance
9.	
Land and resource rights
10.	 Freedom of association and 
collective bargaining
11.	 Anti-competitive behaviour
12.	 Closure and rehabilitation
 
 
Europa continued to reassess the materiality matrix to ensure that it still accurately represents our 
stakeholders and business. It was determined there were currently no changes to our material topics and 
that the previously conducted materiality matrix was still relevant. The materiality matrix will be periodically 
reassessed to ensure it remains relevant and reflective of Europa’s activities.
Financial Statements
Governance
Strategic Report
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
13
Strategic Report
Governance
Financial Statements

SUSTAINABILITY CONTINUED
Transparent, responsible  
and accountable
Supporting the energy 
transition
Europa plays an active role in providing 
energy security and supporting the energy 
transition. Through our producing and 
appraisal assets we provide a domestic 
supply of hydrocarbons.
Europa is also active in supporting the 
Irish Government’s plans of transitioning 
towards a lower carbon economy. As per an 
independent report commissioned by the 
Company from a leading ESG consultancy, 
domestic gas which could be produced 
from Europa’s FEL 4/19 licence is expected 
to have a carbon intensity of 2.5 kgCO2e/
boe, considerably less than the intensity 
of imported gas from the UK which has an 
average intensity of 36 kgCO2e/boe. 
A discovery at FEL 4/19 could extend the life 
of the Bellanaboy Gas Terminal and could 
have the potential to supply up to 75% of 
Ireland’s gas needs. As Ireland currently 
imports roughly 80% of its natural gas supply 
from the UK via the Moffat Interconnector, 
a domestic supply from Europa’s FEL 4/19 
licence would have a significantly beneficial 
impact on the carbon intensity of Ireland’s 
natural gas supply.
A discovery at EG-08 would be produced 
into the Punta Europa terminal on Bioko 
Island which in turn ships gas predominantly 
into the European gas market. Given the 
proximity to the existing infrastructure, which 
includes a gas pipeline to Punta Europa that 
lies across the EG-08 block, any discovery 
could be brought online quickly and with 
minimal additional infrastructure and as such 
minimal additional emissions. 
 
 Cliffs of Moher, Galway, Ireland
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
14

Update from our last report
Zero Flaring
We continue to make steady progress 
towards our Zero Flaring goal at Wressle  
and will seek to obtain planning permission 
to install gas processing facilities on site.  
This will include a 600m pipeline which is 
planned to be installed at the site during 
2025 to allow for a connection to the local 
gas grid, at which point routine flaring at 
Wressle will be eliminated. 
Community fund
So far during 2024, the Wressle partners’ 
community fund has awarded £41,000 
to 11 local projects. Since inception the 
Wressle partners have awarded funding to 
sports clubs, schools, youth centres and 
youth groups, events, and theatre groups. 
Funds included support for sign language 
training, equipment for an outside gym, and 
modifications to allotments to make them 
more accessible for those with mobility 
issues. Through the continued support of the 
community fund, Europa contributes to our 
UN SDGs of Reduced Inequalities and Good 
Health and Wellbeing.
Employee wellbeing
Europa strives to be an employer of choice 
and is committed to the health and wellbeing 
of its employees. We support flexible working 
arrangements wherever feasible and support 
all employees with access to a range of 
benefits and services supporting both 
physical and mental health.
Europa participates in the UK Government’s 
cycle to work scheme and is proud to 
report that over 50% of employees in our 
London office cycle to work, both improving 
employee wellbeing and reducing emissions.
.
Reporting frameworks
Last year Europa undertook a review of 
relevant ESG reporting frameworks and 
standards to determine which would be the 
best fit. The introduction of the International 
Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) S1 
and S2 in June 2023 is testament to the 
fact that this area continues to develop 
and progress. Both the IFRS standards 
and the TPT framework build upon the 
Taskforce for Climate-related Financial 
Disclosures (“TCFD”) framework structure and 
requirements. Therefore, Europa has decided 
to voluntarily start working towards reporting 
to the TCFD to put itself in good stead for 
reporting to the IFRS or TPT if required to  
do so in the future.
To aid this, a data audit has been carried 
out of the Company’s currently collected 
data to determine what is already being 
recorded and what additional data collection 
processes need to be put in place to allow 
them to report to the TCFD. Europa has 
adopted a new data collection approach, set 
up to identify how and what we are required 
to report. It is expected that this data 
collection and the quality of the information 
will be improved over time, allowing steady 
progress that will be reflected in Europa’s 
annual reporting. Data collected will be 
aligned with the Global Reporting Initiative 
(“GRI”) Universal and Oil and Gas Sector 
Standards (2021 version) to enable future 
reporting in reference to the GRI.
GHG reporting
Europa has elected to work towards 
developing a full GHG inventory to allow the 
Company to identify the biggest sources 
of emissions and plan any reduction or 
mitigation projects that can be undertaken. 
This process started in 2023 with an 
investigation of how the Company could 
create a GHG inventory aligned with the 
GHG Protocol and ISO 14064-1 standard and 
will be ongoing as Europa works to establish 
all data collection processes to enable a 
comprehensive inventory.
What is TCFD?
The TCFD framework is designed to identify 
climate-related risks and opportunities to aid 
companies’ and investors’ understanding of 
the financial implications of transitioning to 
a lower-carbon economy and the changes 
in physical risks associated with climate 
change. The TCFD disclosures are structured 
around the four pillars of Governance, 
Strategy, Risk Management, and Metrics & 
Targets with 11 recommended disclosures. 
Scenario analysis is recommended as part 
of the TCFD process to identify the range of 
risks and opportunities a company may face 
across different climate scenarios.
Metrics and targets
To build on the high level ESG strategy set 
out in last year’s report, Europa has begun 
developing performance metrics by which 
the Company can transparently measure 
current performance across the material 
topics, goals, and selected UN SDGs. 
These metrics have been aligned with the 
three pillars of Environment, Social and 
Governance to ensure that they span across 
all Europa’s activities. Setting this up will allow 
Europa to develop a clearer measure of our 
current performance and the work required 
to reach our goals. During 2024/25 the 
Company will be developing targets in line 
with our goals and metrics to enable these 
to be tracked and to improve performance 
over time.
 
 
Financial Statements
Governance
Strategic Report
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
15

OPERATIONAL REVIEW
Our assets
Infrastructure-led 
exploration – Equatorial 
Guinea
In December 2023, the Company acquired 
a 42.9% equity interest in Antler Global 
Limited (“Antler”), which holds an 80% 
working interest in the highly prospective 
EG-08 production sharing contract (“PSC”), 
offshore Equatorial Guinea, with Guinea 
Ecuatorialde Petroleos (“GEPetrol”), the 
national oil company, holding the remaining 
20%. This adds an additional geographical 
location to the Company’s existing portfolio 
of assets, and one which the board believes 
has enormous near-term, infrastructure-led, 
near-field exploration potential. 
Since acquiring the interest, Europa has 
evaluated the seismic data across the block 
and identified three primary prospects with 
a Mean Prospective Resource (“Pmean”) of 
1.4 tcf (internal estimate) and a further six 
prospects that result in a total Pmean of 
2.1 tcf. With the completion of this stage of 
technical work, we have started a process to 
secure a farm-in partner to accelerate drilling 
an exploration well which will target one 
horizon in the primary Barracuda prospect, 
with an estimated GCOS of 70%. Future wells 
will target the significant additional upside in 
Barracuda and throughout the licence. It is 
hoped that a farm-in partner can be secured 
by early 2025.
Infrastructure-led 
exploration – offshore 
Ireland
Located offshore Ireland on the west coast, 
Europa’s FEL 4/19 licence is a strategic asset 
containing the large, low risk Inishkea West 
gas prospect which is estimated to contain 
1.5 tcf of recoverable gas. We have continued 
to search for a suitable partner to farm-in 
to this licence, and have been awarded 
an extension to the licence by the Irish 
Government through to 31 January 2026. FEL 
4/19 is adjacent to the Corrib  
gas field which has been producing one  
of the lowest carbon intensive gases in 
Europe since 2015.
This prospect has the potential to facilitate 
the energy transition and mitigate Ireland’s 
dependence on energy imports, particularly 
vital amid the current energy security 
crisis facing Europe, as described in the 
Government of Ireland’s Energy Security 
in Ireland to 2030 report. The Company’s 
recent third-party emissions report found 
that the projected production from Inishkea 
West has the potential to almost eliminate the 
need for gas imports from the UK to Ireland 
in 2030 through to the end of 2032 (based 
on SEAI demand predictions) and therefore 
dramatically reduce associated emissions.
UK appraisal – Cloughton 
In July 2023, Europa assumed operatorship 
for PEDL343 (Cloughton) where it holds 
a 40% working interest. Cloughton was 
discovered in 1986 and drilled by Bow Valley, 
where the discovery well encountered gas 
throughout the Carboniferous section. The 
discovery well at PEDL 343 (Cloughton) 
flowed good quality sweet gas (with over 
98% methane and ethane content) at rates 
of up to 28,000 scf/day on natural flow, and 
the Company believes that a well could flow 
at 6 mmscf/day using the modern completion 
techniques. The discovery well encountered 
60 metres of Carboniferous net sandstone 
reservoir with high gas saturations. Europa 
has subsequently completed an internal 
review of the gross Cloughton gas in place 
volumes which has resulted in a Pmean Gas 
Initially In Place (“GIIP”) estimate of 192 bcf 
demonstrating the material volume of gas in 
place that has already been discovered. 
Cloughton is a gas appraisal opportunity 
with the critical technical challenge being 
to obtain commercial flowrates from future 
production testing operations. Burniston Mill 
has been identified as a potential location for 
an appraisal well pad, and Europa is in the 
process of submitting its planning application 
to North Yorkshire Council, the local planning 
authority. Following the granted permissions 
and successful testing operations, the field 
would be developed by connection to the 
nearby gas grid. 
 JOA signing at GE Petrol
 Luba Freeport, Equatorial Guinea
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
16

The proposed drilling activities at Burniston 
include a proppant squeeze, a conventional 
low volume production enhancing operation. 
Domestically produced gas generates 
employment, local and national tax revenues 
and has a lower carbon footprint than the 
imported gas upon which the UK is becoming 
increasingly reliant. As such, development 
of Cloughton is fully aligned with the UK 
Government’s British Energy Security 
Strategy and Net Zero 2050 goals. 
The NSTA granted a two-year extension to 
the Cloughton licence in February 2024, 
allowing Europa to continue its ongoing 
work to commercialisation. Post-year end 
in September 2024, the Company held a 
Questions & Answer session for the local 
community in Cloughton and Burniston 
to address any local concerns and to 
communicate the Company’s focus to 
minimise any disruption for local people  
or environmental disturbance. 
Europa held a 25% working interest in 
the Serenity oil discovery, a development 
opportunity that we farmed into in April 
2022. Post-period end in September 2024, 
the Company announced its decision to not 
apply to the NSTA for an extension to the 
Serenity licence, which expired on  
30 September 2024. 
UK development – Wressle
During the period, Wressle averaged  
357 bopd gross (107 bopd net to Europa). 
Wressle continues to be one of the most 
productive onshore UK oilfields, despite a 
three-month shutdown period required to 
source and install a jet pump for an artificial 
lift on the Wressle-1 well. Wressle operations 
remain cash generative. 
A seismic interpretation and mapping 
exercise that took place this year across the 
Wressle field has highlighted a potentially 
significant increase in resources from the 
Ashover Grit and the results of the analysis 
have been incorporated into the field 
development plan, which predominantly 
looks to develop the Penistone Flags 
reservoir of the field. The intention is that  
two back-to-back development wells will  
be drilled from the existing Wressle site.
 
 
In addition to the two development wells, 
work is ongoing to develop the associated 
gas being produced from Wressle by 
connecting to the local gas distribution 
network, just 600m from the wellsite. This 
work is expected to be completed around 
the same time as the development wells 
and is subject to the same regulatory 
approvals. Post-year end in September 
2024, planning consent was received from 
North Lincolnshire Council for the further 
development of the Wressle well site. As a 
result of the Finch Supreme Court ruling and 
a proposed legal challenge to the granting 
of planning permission for the next phase 
of the Wressle development, it is expected 
that the planning consent will be rescinded 
once the court process has concluded. The 
Wressle Joint Venture plans to submit further 
information that covers potential scope 
3 emissions such that a future planning 
process could be approved. The works 
will include extending the existing site to 
accommodate the drilling of two new wells 
and construction of gas processing facilities 
and an underground gas pipeline to connect 
Wressle to the local gas distribution network. 
Our exploration, appraisal and development 
assets are gas focused and infrastructure-
led thereby reducing the investment cycle by 
accelerating cash flows, all within the energy 
transition context.
 Wressle, England
Financial Statements
Governance
Strategic Report
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
17

Governance
The Company operates in well-regulated jurisdictions that govern 
the operational activities undertaken by Europa. In addition, these 
governing bodies issue licences, permits and determine the fiscal 
environment. The regulatory bodies in both the UK, EG and Ireland 
have experienced staff and well-defined statutes. The UK Exchequer 
has a record of changing the fiscal environment in line with oil prices 
where it increases and decreases the tax burden on oil and gas 
companies as oil and gas prices fluctuate. These frequent changes in 
the UK’s regulatory and fiscal environment expose the Company to 
additional uncertainties relating to our UK assets.
What is the impact?
It is difficult to model the economic outcome for shareholders 
when there is significant instability in the UK fiscal and regulatory 
environment, and it is challenging to put in place mitigating measures.
By contrast, the legally defined stability inherent in a production 
sharing contract such as that for Equatorial Guinea block 08 results in 
a significantly more stable fiscal and regulatory environment.
What does this mean for Europa?
The value of the discovery, development and production of 
hydrocarbons in the UK is uncertain as the stability of the prevailing 
policies of the relevant governing bodies cannot be reliably forecast. 
Commodity prices
History demonstrates that the price of crude oil is never immutable. 
Wide price swings are experienced in times of shortage or 
oversupply. The price of crude oil may fluctuate violently, affected 
by external factors such as global macroeconomic conditions, the 
Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries plus other oil-
producing countries (“OPEC +”) policy, political factors, war, market 
speculation, and the value of the US dollar. Recently crude oil 
prices have continued to be volatile, despite being in a tight range, 
and the decline in prices over the summer period (due to reduced 
fuel demand in China and slowing US jobs growth) is expected to 
recover with OPEC+ production cuts. The US Energy Information 
Administration (“EIA”) forecasts oil prices to be between $80 to  
$85/bbl during 2025. The EIA expects that Brent oil prices will rise 
to average $83/b in 1Q25. By mid-2025, the EIA anticipates that the 
market will gradually return to moderate inventory builds as OPEC+ 
increases production throughout the year and as forecast production 
growth from countries outside of OPEC+ begins to outweigh global 
oil demand growth. The EIA estimates that global oil inventories will 
increase by an average of 0.5 million b/d in the second half of 2025 
(2H25) and forecasts the Brent price will average $84/b in 2025.  
With regards to gas, the EIA forecasts that prices will generally  
rise during 2025.
What is the impact?
Fluctuating oil prices have a direct impact on the Company’s income 
and result in uncertainty around the availability of capital to deploy 
into development, appraisal and exploration operations.
What does this mean for Europa?
Europa models future cash flows and adopts a conservative view on 
oil prices to ensure that the Company does not overcommit available 
capital. Where there are capital commitments which are reliant on 
future cash flows that require certainty over funding, a hedging 
strategy may be implemented.
ENERGY OUTLOOK
Global energy markets  
in the year ahead 
An overview of the key factors that have an impact  
on the energy market
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
18

Demand and supply
The EIA forecasts that global consumption of liquid fuels will increase 
by 1.5 million b/d in 2025. Most of the expected liquid fuels demand 
growth is from non-OECD countries, which will increase their liquids 
consumption by 1.0 million b/d in 2024 and 1.3 million b/d in 2025. 
The Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis forecasts 
that by the end of 2028, the world’s LNG capacity could reach 666.5 
MTPA, which far exceeds the International Energy Agency (“IEA”) total 
LNG trade forecast of 482 MTPA under its stated policies scenario. 
This robust supply growth will likely lead to lower prices. Also, in 
Asia ongoing fiscal challenges and lengthy delays for new LNG 
infrastructure pose structural challenges to demand. To overcome 
these challenges some LNG importers are investing in and trading 
with emerging market buyers to offload surplus contracted supplies. 
Similarly, European players justified new offshore regasification 
terminals partly by arguing that they could eventually be relocated to 
Asia. For the LNG industry to thrive financially, emerging Asian nations 
must not only replace shrinking imports from developed markets, 
but also absorb the massive volume of new supplies coming online. 
This renders the LNG industry increasingly reliant on markets with 
less-creditworthy buyers, riskier business environments and greater 
sensitivity to high prices. If rapid and sustained demand growth does 
not materialise, LNG suppliers and traders, particularly those with 
higher costs and significant uncontracted supplies, will likely face an 
extended period of low prices.
What is the impact?
The market is currently reasonably balanced. However, the global 
macropolitical and economic environments can change rapidly and 
disrupt this balance.
What does this mean for Europa?
Changes in the global demand and supply balance will have a direct 
impact on global oil and gas prices, which in turn impacts the future 
income of Europa and, in the case of an over supplied market, its 
ability to progress asset development due to potential shortfalls  
in available capital.
Transition to renewable energy
With its European partners the UK has committed to transition to  
net zero carbon emissions by 2050. While the transition to net  
zero carbon emissions by 2050 is a big challenge, it is believed  
to be economically and technically feasible, and is becoming easier 
as the cost of low-carbon technologies declines. However, during  
this transition and beyond there is an ongoing demand for 
hydrocarbons, not only as a fuel source but also due to the myriad 
of consumer products that are made from petroleum byproducts. To 
achieve these net zero goals, scope 1 and scope 2 emissions need 
to be minimised. This can be done by producing hydrocarbons in 
the most emissions-efficient manner possible and also by producing 
hydrocarbons locally to the demand centres, rather than transporting 
the product over long distances. 
What is the impact?
Mature hydrocarbon countries, such as the UK, EG and Ireland, 
provide not only a well understood sub-surface environment but 
also existing infrastructure that can be efficiently utilised to extract 
hydrocarbons in a well-regulated environment with world class levels 
of emissions. This domestic and gas focused production is materially 
more emissions-efficient than importing hydrocarbons from overseas.
What does this mean for Europa?
Europa is focused on exploring, appraising and developing 
hydrocarbons, especially gas, which is close to existing infrastructure 
and centres of demand, thereby contributing towards the global goals 
of net zero 2050. The Company is experienced in the regions in 
which we operate, and therefore understands the specific technical 
challenges associated with developing the resources, and how to  
do so most efficiently. 
 
 
 North Yorkshire, England
Financial Statements
Governance
Strategic Report
19
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024

Equatorial Guinea
Equatorial Guinea, a Spanish-speaking 
country, consists of the mainland, Rio Muni, 
and five islands including Bioko, where 
the capital Malabo and the Punta Europa 
gas processing, methanol and LNG plants 
are located. Equatorial Guinea is one of 
sub-Saharan Africa’s biggest oil and gas 
producers and is a member of OPEC. The 
giant Alba gas field (4.6 tcf) was discovered 
in 1984 and brought onstream in 1991. 
Marathon is operator and there is associated 
gas processing infrastructure producing LPG, 
methanol and LNG products. The giant Zafiro 
oil field (1.2 billion bbls) was discovered in 
1995 by Mobil and began production in 1996. 
Thereafter, exploration activity accelerated 
with several oil, condensate and gas 
discoveries being made at Ceiba & Okume 
(Triton, then Hess) and Alen & Aseng (Noble, 
now Chevron) between 2001 and 2007, all of 
which are now in production with gas being 
produced through Punta Europa. In the last 
decade or so little exploration activity has taken 
place, however natural decline has resulted  
in capacity at Punta Europa which in turn has 
reinvigorated exploration interest in the region.
In 2023, the Equatorial Guinea government 
signed an HOA with Chevron and Marathon 
for the development of Gas Mega Hub 
phases II and III. Phase II is Alba infill drilling, 
while Phase III will monetise previously 
reinjected Aseng gas (Block I).1
INSIGHTS: WHY EQUATORIAL GUINEA
Equatorial Guinea – a well-established 
hydrocarbon jurisdiction 
Energy use
The average energy consumption 
per person in Equatorial Guinea was 
12,399 kWh in 2021, with the country 
overall consuming 20 TWh of energy 
in 2021.2 
Transport links
There are seven airports in Equatorial 
Guinea with carriers including Air 
Europa from Madrid and Air France 
from Paris. A ferry service operates 
between Douala, Bata and Malabo.
Market stats
Oil and gas are the country’s main 
exports, and forestry, farming and 
fishing are also major components  
of GDP.3  
1	
Wood Mackenzie Equatorial Guinea upstream summary
2	 https://ourworldindata.org/energy/country/equatorial-guinea
3	 https://www.experience-africa.de/index.php?en_equatorial-guinea_economy
 Equatorial Guinea
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
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Equatorial Guinea: 
28,050
Area (km²)
1.6
Population (millions)
731
Licence area (km2)
Malabo
Capital
296
Coastline (km)
Why Equatorial Guinea is a good opportunity for Europa 
Equatorial Guinea holds nearly two 
billion boe of remaining resources, and 
benefits from existing gas infrastructure 
and capacity at the Punta Europa 
plant. The majority of LNG from Punta 
Europa feeds the European gas market1 
 
Equatorial Guinea
Cameroon
Gabon
Nigeria
Central African 
Republic
Republic of  
the Congo
Democratic 
Republic of  
the Congo
Equatorial Guinea’s  
Gas Mega Hub
	
^ An agreement between the Equatorial 
Guinea government, Marathon Oil and 
Chevron’s Noble Energy E.G. Ltd has 
been made to move forward with the 
development of the Gas Mega Hub.
	
^ The infrastructure on Bioko Island is set 
to make Equatorial Guinea one of West 
Africa’s biggest producers of LNG.4 
Well-established and well-regulated oil and gas 
industry
Government highly supportive of  
hydrocarbon exploration 
Already attracted oil and gas majors
 4	 S&P Global article
Financial Statements
Governance
Strategic Report
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
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Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024

731
Licence area (km2)
2.1
tcfe
Mean prospective resources
70%
Chance of success for each of 
the three primary prospects
Block EG-08 offshore in the Douala Basin of Equatorial Guinea is held by 
Antler Global Ltd, a company that was set up specifically to acquire the  
EG-08 block which is effective from October 2023, with 80% working interest 
in the EG-08 production sharing contract and Guinea Ecuatorialde Petroleos 
(“GEPetrol”), the national oil company, holding the remaining 20%. 
EG-08 has over 2 tcf of gas prospectivity, of 
which 1.4 tcf stems from three high-graded 
prospects which we assess to have similar 
AVO characteristics to the Alen and Aseng 
fields and other discoveries in Chevron’s 
Blocks O and I immediately to the south.  
The Alen gas field is located 9km to the 
south of our primary prospect and produces 
gas into the Punta Europa LNG facility on 
Bioko Island with the connecting pipeline 
crossing the EG-08 licence.
The AVO story is very compelling and 
regionally seven of the eight exploration 
prospects have resulted in a commercial 
discovery. Accordingly, we estimate the 
chance of success is 70% for each of the 
three prospects, which we believe to be 
independent of each other. Volumes across 
the three identified prospects are estimated 
at mean prospective resources of 1.4 tcfe 
(this figure includes the gas and liquids). Each 
of these three primary prospects has a 70% 
chance of success and, as such, this is a  
high-quality, low risk and high reward asset  
in shallow water with modest well costs.
A successful discovery in EG-08 could be 
developed quickly with possible offtake to 
Chevron’s nearby Alen platform (9km), where 
hydrocarbons would be processed with any 
liquids being exported through the Chevron 
infrastructure to an FPSO and with the gas 
going via the pipeline to the Punta Europa 
LNG and methanol facility on Bioko Island.
The initial phase of the licence is a two-year 
drill or drop. During this period, Antler intends 
to refine the existing 3D seismic data and 
begin a farm-out process. There then follows 
a two-year second period, two one-year 
extension periods and a development phase. 
The PSC is typical for Equatorial Guinea 
whereby the state has a carried 20% interest 
and a royalty and profits share depending  
on production.
INSIGHTS: OUR ASSET
Block EG-08 offshore  
in the Douala Basin
 Equatorial Guinea
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
22

The AVO story is 
very compelling 
and, accordingly, 
we estimate 
the chance of 
success at 70% 
for each of the 
three independent 
prospects.
“
 
 
EG-08
Licence
34.32%
Europa interest (via a 42.9% ownership 
interest in Antler)
GEPetrol
Partner (20% WI)
731
Area km2
Douala Basin
Basin 
Two-year
Term (drill or drop)
1.1
Billion barrels of proven  
crude oil reserves 
1.7 tcf
of proven natural gas 
reserves
Resource upside 
Beyond the primary three prospects 
there is an additional 344 bcfe Pmean 
identified in four prospects, which are 
also found in the Alen Strata. Outside 
of the Alen Strata two other leads have 
been mapped with 375 bcfe Pmean 
potential. All of these additional leads 
and prospects also present a class 2 
AVO response.
Asset potential
The three primary prospects in theEG-08  
block are Barracuda, Cardinal and Arrowhead, 
 with Barracuda being assessed as having 
798 bcfe Pmean in strata equivalent to the 
producing Alen Field located 9km from 
Barracuda. Cardinal and Arrowhead have 
a combined 599 bcfe Pmean identified, 
also in Alen equivalent strata. Each 
prospect is defined by a calibrated class 
2 AVO response. These AVO responses 
have resulted in commercial discoveries 
on seven of the eight wells drilled in the 
near vicinity on the same play. A discovery 
could be monetised either via the Alen Field 
or connected directly to the pipeline to Punta 
Europa that crosses the EG-08 block.
Bioko  
Island
Marathon operates gas 
terminal and LNG plant
Alba gas field
Zafiro oil field
Aseng field
Block EG-08
Key
 Appraisal/development block 
 Open acreage
 Licensed acreage
 Production licence
 Main prospect
 Export pipeline to LGN plant
Alen field
Barracuda
Arrowhead
Cardinal
Financial Statements
Governance
Strategic Report
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
23

INSIGHTS: Q&A
Equatorial Guinea
exploration Q&A 
The AVO story is very 
compelling and, accordingly, 
we estimate the chance of 
success at 70% for each of the 
three independent structures.
“
What is the expected reservoir 
quality?
We are targeting marine turbidities with 
excellent quality homogeneous reservoir 
and expect up to 30% porosity and sand 
permeability of potentially up to eight darcies. 
This results in highly productive wells with 
high reserves per well, which reduces 
the well density and development capital 
requirement.
What is the water depth? 
The water depth varies across the licence 
but at the primary prospect it is 80m, so can be 
drilled by a standard jack-up rig. There is good 
rig availability and we have already engaged 
with rig providers and service companies. 
Why did one of the eight 
exploration wells in the region fail?
The O-2 well was declared dry, but did in 
fact demonstrate a short gas column in high 
quality reservoir, but was deemed to be 
sub-commercial due to the column height. 
The Barracuda prospect will be drilled in the 
centre of the same structure as the O-2 well 
but up dip from the original gas discovery. 
What are the well costs?
A tested discovery well is expected to cost c. 
$50m, which would be suspended as a future 
producer. Drilling should be simple given the 
relatively soft rock and well depth of ~3000m 
with no salt or overpressure considerations. 
Q
A
Q
A
Q
A
Q
A
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
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Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024

What is the local operating 
environment like?
Equatorial Guinea has had an active oil 
and gas industry since the 1980s which is 
the main source of income for the country. 
As such there is a well-established legal 
system which is supported by a responsive, 
knowledgeable regulator and a ministry that 
actively encourages drilling activity in the 
country. In addition, given the drilling activity 
in the region, the upstream sector is well 
supplied with materials and expertise from 
international service companies and advisers. 
Is there LNG and methanol 
capacity at the Punta Europa plant?
Both independent and internal analysis 
clearly demonstrate that not only is there 
capacity in the Punta Europa plant in both 
the LNG and the methanol facilities but also 
that there are supply concerns given that the 
primary fields supplying the Punta Europa 
plant have come off plateau and are now 
in decline. As such the operators of Punta 
Europa are actively looking for new sources 
of supply to maintain the plant output. 
How active is the farm-in market 
for the region?
For several reasons the market is very active 
in EG with majors and large independents 
actively seeking high quality opportunities. 
They are drawn to EG-08 because it is 
gas prone, shallow water, close to gas 
infrastructure that supplies LNG into the 
European market, can be brought online 
quickly, is in a well-regulated active  
region supported by international service 
companies and is technically very compelling 
given the calibrated AVO response from  
the prospects.
Will the well be abandoned after 
drilling?
If the well is a commercial discovery it will be 
suspended as a producer so it can be quickly 
tied into the nearby existing infrastructure and 
monetised via the Punta Europa gas facilities.
 SLB bulk plant, Luba Freeport, Equatorial Guinea
 
Q
A
Q
A
Q
A
Q
A
Financial Statements
Governance
Strategic Report
25
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024

RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES
Effective risk management
Key risk
Description and impact
Mitigation
Change
Funding/ 
Liquidity
Significant expenditure is required to establish 
the extent of oil and gas reserves through seismic 
surveys and drilling and there can be no certainty 
that oil and gas reserves will be found. 
Licences may be revoked by the relevant issuing 
authority if commitments under those licences 
are not met. Further details of current licence 
commitments are given in notes 11 and 25, also 
note comments on going concern in note 1.
The Group primarily relies on existing cash 
balances and revenues from its producing 
assets to fund its activities. Where such revenues 
are insufficient to meet its funding demands 
the Group is reliant on external debt or equity 
funding. Although the Group has a track record of 
successfully raising debt and equity funds when 
required, there can be no certainty that these 
sources of funding will be available at the same 
time as when they are required by the Group.
Detailed cash forecasts are prepared regularly and 
reviewed by management and the board.
The Group’s production provides a monthly inflow 
of cash and is the main source of working capital. 
Management regularly assesses the credit and 
capital markets to establish the availability and 
suitability of financing opportunities.
Additional cash may be available through the 
placing of Europa shares in the market, debt 
financing, or potentially by the trading of assets.
Commodity 
price and 
foreign 
exchange
Each month’s oil production is sold at a small 
discount to Brent price in US Dollars. These funds 
are matched where possible against expenditures 
within the business. As most capital and operating 
expenditures are Sterling denominated, US Dollars 
are periodically sold to purchase Sterling. A fall in 
oil price could make some projects economically 
unviable. During the year the price of oil was 
volatile and ranged between approximately $90 
and $75 per barrel. At the reporting date the 
oil price was approximately $87 but has since 
deteriorated. After trading in a relatively stable 
range around $1.27 during most of 2023/24 the  
US Dollar has weakened noticeably to around  
$1.33/GBP. There is no mitigation in place at  
the moment and the Company assumes $1.30/GBP 
for forecasting.
The board has considered the use of financial 
instruments to hedge oil price and US Dollar 
exchange rate movements. To date, the board 
has not hedged against price or exchange rate 
movements but intends to continue reviewing  
this policy.
Customer
All oil production is sold to one UK-based refinery 
– if it was to stop buying Europa’s crude, additional 
transportation costs would be incurred.
Other refineries are known to Europa, but the 
proximity of the incumbent customer aligns with the 
Group’s aim of minimising emissions generated by 
its operations.
The various activities of Europa subject the Company to a range of 
financial risks including commodity prices, liquidity, exchange rates  
and loss of operational equipment or wells. 
These risks are managed with the oversight of the board, which this year established a 
Risk Committee tasked with regularly reviewing the prevailing operational, business and 
economic circumstances to a granular level. The Risk Committee reports back to the 
board on a bi-monthly basis, or at any time that a serious shift in risk profile is identified. 
The primary risk facing the business is that of asset performance.
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
26

Key risk
Description and impact
Mitigation
Change
Exploration, 
drilling and 
operational
The business of exploration and production 
of oil and gas involves a high degree of risk. 
Few prospects that are explored are ultimately 
developed into producing oil and gas fields.
There are numerous risks inherent in drilling and 
operating wells, many of which are beyond the 
Company’s control. Operations may be curtailed, 
delayed or cancelled as a result of environmental 
hazards, industrial accidents, occupational and 
health hazards, technical failures, weather, reservoir 
pressures, shortage or delays in the delivery of 
rigs and other equipment, labour disputes and 
compliance with governmental requirements. 
Drilling may involve unprofitable efforts, not only 
with respect to dry wells, but also to wells which, 
though yielding some oil or gas, are not sufficiently 
productive to justify commercial development or 
continued operation. Completion of a well does 
not assure a profit on the investment or recovery of 
drilling, completion and operating costs. 
Despite having production from four oil wells 
located at four different sites, approximately 80% of 
current production comes from the Wressle-1 well. 
The Company aims to mitigate this concentration 
risk through the pursuit of the further development 
of the Wressle site by drilling at least two more 
producing wells.
Appropriate insurance is obtained annually which 
covers some of Europa’s exploration, development 
and production activities.
The non-operating partners within each joint 
venture assess the technical merits of each joint 
venture operator, providing a peer review of 
operational activities.
Planning risk
Securing planning consent for onshore wells takes 
time and the outcome of planning applications is 
not certain.
The granting of planning permission for the further 
development of the Wressle site was welcomed, 
however the subsequent legal challenge may 
result in a delay to the project. However, we do 
expect that the planning permission will be granted 
once the scope 3 GHG emissions report has been 
included in the planning application, but the Group 
remains subject to various planning consents to 
progress its other projects. The Group engages 
planning and legal specialists in the field. 
Political risk
The elected governments of the countries where 
the Group operates set the regulatory and 
licensing regime within which the Group operates. 
The regulatory regime may change dramatically 
based on the policies of the governing party, for 
example a ban on new exploration licences may 
be announced, existing licences may be curtailed, 
or certain operating methods may be restricted. 
A change of government policy could materially 
affect the ability of the Group to operate. Europa 
currently has exposure to political risk in the UK, 
Ireland and Equatorial Guinea.
The Group monitors changes and proposed 
changes in government policy in the jurisdictions 
where it operates, in order to understand the 
potential impact on the Group, and takes such 
actions as it can to mitigate the impact on the Group.
In the UK, the Company works with industry bodies 
such as UKOOG to participate actively in raising its 
concerns at the appropriate levels of government.
The Company’s diversification into Equatorial 
Guinea is in part designed as a mitigating 
factor against increasingly challenging political 
environments in the UK and Europe.
Climate risk
As a producer of oil and gas, climate change and 
the transition to a low carbon economy affect 
the Group’s operations through aspects such as 
potentially adverse effects on commodity prices, 
limited access to funding and higher cost of capital.
The Group supports the energy transition and 
complies with all current environmental guidelines. 
As set out in the Sustainability section of this report, 
the Group is taking various actions and initiatives to 
reduce emissions whilst also contributing to energy 
security in the jurisdictions in which we operate.
On behalf of the board
William Holland 
CEO
 
 
Financial Statements
Governance
Strategic Report
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
27

SECTION 172
Directors’ statement under Section 172 (1) of 
the Companies Act 2006
Section 172 (1) of the Companies Act obliges the directors to promote the  
success of the Company for the benefit of the Company’s members as a whole.
This section specifies that the directors must 
act in good faith when promoting the success 
of the Company and in doing so, have regard 
(amongst other things) to: 
a) the likely consequences of any decision in 
the long term; 
b)	the interests of the Company’s employees; 
c)	the need to foster the Company’s business 
relationship with suppliers, customers  
and others; 
d)	the impact of the Company’s operations  
on the community and environment; 
e)	the desirability of the Company 
maintaining a reputation for high standards 
of business conduct; and 
f)	 the need to act fairly between members  
of the Company. 
The board of directors is collectively 
responsible for the Company’s strategy, 
which is to develop significant value 
accretive opportunities across a balanced 
portfolio of energy assets while minimising 
risk to shareholders.
The board of directors confirms that during 
the last year under review it acted in 
accordance with section 172 (1) of the 2006 
Companies Act, which requires the board 
to promote the long-term success of the 
Company for the benefit of shareholders. 
The strategies developed under the 
leadership and guidance of the board of 
directors and executed by the Company 
have yielded a firm foundation for future 
value creation, and a meaningful de-risking  
of development plans. 
Some of the key decisions taken by the 
directors during the year under review, 
and the significant outcomes achieved by 
the Company aimed at delivering on its 
strategies, included: 
	
^ The directors approved the acquisition 
of a 42.9% interest in Antler Global 
Limited (“Antler”), which has an 80% 
working interest in licence EG-08 
offshore Equatorial Guinea. The Company 
subscribed to new ordinary shares in 
Antler for US$3 million.
	
^ The directors continued farm-out efforts 
on the Frontier Exploration Licence (“FEL”) 
4/19 located offshore Ireland near the 
producing Corrib gas field. During the 
year the Company continued to engage 
proactively with the Irish Government in 
relation to the contribution that FEL 4/19 
could make to Ireland’s energy security 
and has actively been seeking a suitable 
farm-in partner.
	
^ During the year Simon Oddie and 
Stephen Williams ceased to serve as 
director of the Company and Simon 
Ashby-Rudd and Eleanor Rowley were 
appointed as non-executive directors.
	
^ The directors decided not to accept the 
33rd Round licence award that the Group 
applied for in 2023/24. This decision 
was made in consideration of the earlier 
decision to commit significant funds to  
the investment in Equatorial Guinea. 
	
^ Following a third-party review, the 
directors approved a restructuring of 
the Company’s EMI scheme by issuing 
50,000,000 new EMI options to executive 
directors and key employees, and 
the concurrent cancellation of certain 
historical options. This was done to 
appropriately incentivise and retain  
talent, as well as to ensure their interests 
are aligned with those of the Company  
and its shareholders.
	
^ The directors approved the 
commissioning of a new Competent 
Person’s Report (“CPR”) of the Wressle 
field which provided an improved 
understanding of the recoverable 
reserves, which better informs and 
supports the Company’s decisions  
in relation to further development  
of the field.
	
^ The directors approved the Company’s 
participation in operations to install an 
artificial lift system at the Wressle field 
to maximise the performance of the 
Wressle-1 well. 
 Wressle tanks
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
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STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT
Active engagement
There are a number of ways in which Europa seeks effective engagement with 
stakeholders, as summarised in the table below:
Key stakeholders:
Methods of engagement:
Shareholders
	
^ Website – all announcements are posted to the Company’s website, as is information around 
operations and strategy
	
^ The Company maintains active LinkedIn and X accounts
	
^ Online information sessions with Q&A
	
^ In-person meetings
	
^ Email communication via mail@europaoil.com
Employees
	
^ All employees have direct access to both the CEO and COO, and the full board visits both the 
administrative office and the well sites at least annually in order to meet with employees
Government 
regulators
	
^ NSTA – meetings, seminars, written correspondence and via the NSTA’s online portal
	
^ PPRS – monthly submissions and website data input
	
^ Environment Agency – bi-annual reports, soliciting a CAR Report and site visits
	
^ HSE – site visits, meetings, inspections
	
^ DECC – letter and email correspondence
	
^ UKOOG – meetings, letter and email correspondence
Joint venture partners
	
^ Regular informal “check-ins”, written correspondence and annual TCM/OCM formal meetings
Suppliers and 
advisers
	
^ Email, orders and payments, letters and KYC work
Local community
	
^ Maintaining constructive relationships with relevant local communities is important to Europa. 
The Company’s approach to this is site specific and includes group meetings as well as 
individual meetings with key community representatives
Glossary
CAR	
Compliance Assessment Report 
DECC	
Department of the Environment 	
	
and Climate Change (Ireland) 
HSE	
Health and Safety Executive 
KYC	
Know Your Customer 
OCM 	
Operations Committee Meeting
NSTA	
North Sea Transition Authority (UK)
PPRS	
Petroleum Production Reporting 
                  System 
TCM	
Technical Committee Meeting 
UKOOG	 UK Onshore Oil and Gas 
Financial Statements
Governance
Strategic Report
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
29

How we govern the Group
As chairman of Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) 
plc, it is my responsibility to ensure that 
the board is performing its role effectively 
and has the capacity, ability, structure and 
support to enable it to continue to do so. The 
information on corporate governance set out 
below, and on the website www.europaoil.com, 
is, in the opinion of the board, fully in 
accordance with the requirements of AIM Rule 26. 
The last 12 months have seen, amongst 
others, the following governance 
developments: 
	
^ S Ashby-Rudd joined the board of 
directors as senior independent  
non-executive director (“SID”).
	
^ E Rowley joined the board of directors as 
a non-executive director (independent). 
	
^ Relinquishment of existing options held 
by non-executive directors to address 
concerns raised by shareholders last  
year around independence of non-
executive directors.
	
^ SID S Ashby-Rudd assumed the role 
of Chair of the Audit Committee, with 
the other member, B O’Cathain, also 
being independent, resulting in a fully 
independent Audit Committee.
	
^ SID S Ashby-Rudd assumed the role of 
Chair of the Remuneration Committee, 
with the other member, B O’Cathain, also 
being independent, resulting in a fully 
independent Remuneration Committee.
	
^ SID S Ashby-Rudd joined the Nomination 
Committee, which now comprises  
two-thirds of independent NEDs.
	
^ Meetings and discussions with major 
shareholders.
	
^ The board engaged an independent 
third party review into the Company’s 
Long Term Incentive Plans for employees. 
Acting on the recommendations of that 
review, the Company cancelled existing 
employee share options and introduced 
a new Long Term Incentive Plan with a 
longer vesting period and price target 
metrics in line with UK market standards.
The board has determined that the Quoted 
Companies Alliance (“QCA”) Corporate 
Governance Code for small and mid-size 
quoted companies is the most appropriate 
for the Group to adhere to. The QCA 
released a revised code in November 2023 
which, for Europa, will come into effect for the 
reporting period commencing 1 August 2024. 
We have however, where practical, sought 
to incorporate the principles of the revised 
code in this report.
The QCA Code is constructed around a set 
of principles and associated disclosures. 
We have considered how we apply each 
principle, and below provide an explanation 
of the approach taken in relation to each.  
The board considers that it has not departed 
from any of the principles of the QCA Code 
during the year under review. 
A description of how the Company complies 
with the principles of the QCA Code is set 
out below. 
As chairman of Europa 
Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc, 
it is my responsibility 
to ensure that the board 
is performing its role 
effectively and has 
the capacity, ability, 
structure and support  
to enable it to continue  
to do so.
“
Brian O’Cathain, Chairman
CHAIRMAN’S INTRODUCTION
Introduction to governance
Europa Oil & Gas Holdings Plc
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
30

Review of each of the QCA principles
Principle 1:
Establish a strategy and business 
model which promotes long-term 
value for shareholders
Our strategy is described here: http://www.europaoil.com/strategy.aspx and also in the Strategic Report 
forming part of this Annual Report.
	
^ The Strategy Committee met twice in 2023/24
	
^ Strategy is actively assessed and adjusted by discussion between the directors
	
^ Strategy is by necessity opportunity driven
Principle 2:
Seek to understand and 
meet shareholder needs and 
expectations
The Company engages with shareholders, and seeks to understand their needs and expectations by:
	
^ Conducting regular interviews with Proactive Investors and appearing on various virtual forums and 
in-person retail investor information sessions
	
^ Issuing Regulatory News Service (“RNS”) announcements.
	
^ Maintaining active X and LinkedIn accounts
	
^ Replying directly to investor questions sent to mail@europaoil.com 
	
^ Conducting at least twice-yearly meetings with major shareholders on its results roadshows to obtain 
a balanced understanding of their issues and concerns
	
^ Hosting an annual “Meet the Team” event
Shareholder liaison is the responsibility of the CEO and chairman, with assistance from the SID.
Major shareholders as at 30 September 2024 were:
Interactive Investor
15.55%
Hargreaves Lansdown, Stockbrokers
15.00%
HSDL, Stockbrokers
7.71%
Bo Kroll
6.04%
Christian W Ahlefeldt-Laurvig
6.00%
BGF
5.91%
Polus Capital Management
5.79%
Barclays Smart Investor
5.19%
Charles Stanley Wealth Management
3.74%
A J Bell, Stockbrokers
3.62%
IG Markets, Stockbrokers
3.59%
Principle 3:
Take into account wider 
stakeholder and social 
responsibilities and their 
implications for long-term 
success
Key stakeholders, other than shareholders, are:
	
^ Regulators (NSTA, DECC (Department of Environment, Climate and Communications (Ireland)),  
EA, HSE, Local Authorities)
	
^ Host governments
	
^ Local communities
	
^ Partners and co-venturers
	
^ Employees and consultants
	
^ Phillips 66 (who purchase our produced crude oil)
	
^ Suppliers
The CEO provides a weekly report to the board which includes a section on finance and investor 
relations. This includes stakeholder and social responsibility feedback from multiple sources. 
Europa is a member of the UK Onshore Oil and Gas (“UKOOG”) which represents the UK onshore  
oil and gas industry and the wider supply chain.
 
 
Financial Statements
Governance
Strategic Report
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
31

Principle 4:
Embed effective risk 
management, considering 
both opportunities and threats, 
throughout the organisation
The Risk Committee maintains a risk register for the Group that identifies key operational and financial 
risks, which is reviewed and updated at least every two months. All members of the board are provided 
with a copy of the register, which includes a monitoring dashboard. 
The Audit Committee monitors the integrity of the financial statements and related announcements, 
reviews the Company’s internal control processes and risk management systems, and reports its 
conclusions to the board. The Committee regularly reviews the effectiveness of the Company’s systems 
and risk management.
As part of our internal financial reporting procedures, specific financial risks including foreign currency, 
interest rates, liquidity and credit are evaluated in detail.
All members of staff and contractors are provided with a handbook which includes sections on share 
dealing, bribery, social media use and whistleblowing. The handbook is updated and reissued regularly.
Principle 5:
Maintain the board as a  
well-functioning, balanced team 
led by the chair
All three NEDs are considered by the board to be independent. 
Biographies are available at: http://www.europaoil.com/Directors.aspx
None of the NEDs currently hold any share options. 
Directors serving more than six years will be proposed for re-election at each AGM.
W Holland (CEO) and A Stuart (COO) are full-time employees.
B O’Cathain (non-executive chairman), S Ashby-Rudd and E Rowley (both non-executive directors) are 
all expected to devote such time as is necessary for the proper performance of their duties including 
attendance at board meetings, the AGM, and board committee meetings. 
The minimum numbers of meetings for committees are: Audit Committee – two; Remuneration 
Committee – one; ESG Committee – one; Nominations Committee – one; and Risk Committee – six. 
Meetings held and attendance records of all directors for the period 1 August 2023 to 31 July 2024 are 
set out below.
The board is balanced in terms of experience, and the split between executive and non-executive directors.
All board and board committee members receive the agenda and associated papers a few days in 
advance of meetings.
Principle 6:
Ensure that between them the 
directors have the necessary  
up-to-date experience, skills  
and capabilities
Members of the board of directors are listed at http://www.europaoil.com/Directors.aspx 
where their relevant experience, skills and personal qualities are set out.
There is appropriate breadth of experience covering the key aspects of the business including technical, 
operational, financial and international. In selecting the two new appointments to the board in the past 
year, the Company’s increasing focus on the West African region was forefront of the selection process 
to ensure that collectively the board had broad knowledge of and experience in these markets.
It is the responsibility of each director to keep their skills up to date with the assistance of the chairman 
who has a core responsibility in addressing the development needs of the board as a whole with a view 
to enhancing its overall effectiveness.
Board committees call on external advisers where this is deemed necessary. In this past year, the 
Remuneration Committee engaged external consultants to advise on aspects of employee remuneration.
The main internal advisory functions are those of Senior Independent director and company secretary.
New directors receive relevant training from the Company’s Nominated Adviser and broker.
Principle 7:
Evaluate board performance 
based on clear and relevant 
objectives, seeking continuous 
improvement
An independent external review of the board’s performance had been undertaken during 2023, the 
findings of which were provided to the board in September of that year. The review considered aspects 
such as how well the board performs its duties, governance, risk management and strategy and the 
overall conclusion was that board is performing at a high level of effectiveness. The report concluded 
that the board was functioning well. 
There have been two new appointments to the board during the past year, both contributing significantly 
to the depth of industry knowledge and experience available to the Company via its board, and also 
increasing gender diversity.
CHAIRMAN’S INTRODUCTION CONTINUED
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
32

Principle 8:
Promote a corporate culture that 
is based on ethical values and 
behaviours
Members of the board are committed to observing and promoting the highest standards of ethical 
conduct in the performance of their responsibilities on the board of Europa. The board believes that  
a culture that is based on the highest ethical standards provides a competitive advantage and is 
consistent with fulfilment of the Group’s strategy.
The board meets once a year at one of the production sites during which directors are encouraged  
to spend time with, listen to, and act upon any concerns of staff members or contractors.
	
^ The board considers that there are no material cultural differences between the UK and Ireland.
	
^ We do not have a culture policy, nor a specific culture related employee training/induction programme 
but resolve to review the need for such a programme annually. As the Company expands into West 
Africa, we have taken steps to engage with in-country organisations and professionals in order to 
ensure that we are mindful and respectful of cultural differences and that the Company plays an 
active role in providing opportunities for local people and in supporting their wellbeing.
	
^ Culture and strategy are deeply aligned.
	
^ The board ensures that the Company has the means to determine that ethical values and behaviours 
are recognised and respected.
Principle 9:
Maintain governance structures 
and processes that are fit for 
purpose and support good 
decision making by the board
Role of the chairman – B O’Cathain 
	
^ Runs the board and sets its agenda. 
	
^ Promotes the highest standards of corporate governance.
	
^ Ensures that the members of the board receive accurate, timely and clear information, to promote the 
success of the Group.
	
^ Attends sufficient meetings with major shareholders to obtain a balanced understanding of their 
issues and concerns.
	
^ Ensures effective communication with shareholders.
	
^ Takes the lead in identifying and meeting the development needs of individual directors, ensuring 
that the performance of individuals and of the board as a whole and its committees is evaluated at 
least once a year.
Role of the CEO – W Holland
	
^ Develops Group objectives and strategy. 
	
^ Executes strategy following approval by the board.
	
^ Recommends and executes appropriate licence acquisition and disposal decisions, joint venture 
opportunities, and approves major work programmes.
	
^ Leads geographic diversification initiatives.
	
^ Identifies and executes new business opportunities outside current core activities.
	
^ Manages the Group’s risk profile, including the health and safety performance of the business, in line 
with the extent and categories of risk considered acceptable by the board.
Role of the SID – S Ashby-Rudd 
	
^ Works closely with the chairman, acting as a sounding board and providing support.
	
^ Acts as an intermediary for other directors if and when necessary. 
	
^ Is available to shareholders and other non-executives to address any concerns or issues they feel 
have not been adequately dealt with through the usual channels of communication.
	
^ Meets at least annually with the non-executives to review the chairman’s performance and carry out 
succession planning for the chairman’s role. 
	
^ Attends sufficient meetings with major shareholders to obtain a balanced understanding of their 
issues and concerns.
 
 
Financial Statements
Governance
Strategic Report
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
33

Principle 9 continued:
Role of the COO – A Stuart
	
^ Oversees daily business operations.
	
^ Identifies means of improving operating procedures for optimal efficiency.
	
^ Assesses and enhances the efficiency of internal and external operational processes.
	
^ Leads and motivates staff to achieve organisational objectives.
	
^ Evaluates Company performance, and recommends strategies to improve results.
	
^ Seeks to identify business opportunities in line with Europa’s strategic goals.
	
^ Collaborates with directors and other stakeholders to raise capital and carry out other business-
expanding strategies.
Role of the company secretary – L Armstrong
	
^ Distributes documents to the board.
	
^ Is available to the Audit, Remuneration, Nominations, Strategy, ESG and Risk Committees as required.
	
^ Keeps accurate and timely minutes of meetings.
	
^ Updates Companies House records for the Company and subsidiaries.
Committee Terms of Reference and Matters Reserved for the board are available at:  
http://www.europaoil.com/corporatedocuments.aspx
The board intends to continuously review its governance framework in line with the Company’s plans  
for growth.
Principle 10:
Communicate how the Company 
is governed and is performing 
by maintaining a dialogue with 
shareholders and other relevant 
stakeholders
The main method for communicating financial and operational performance, and information about how 
the Company is governed is via this audited Annual Report and the unaudited half-yearly Interim Report. 
In addition, the Company communicates important information via press releases and updates to the 
Company website and social media channels. 
Past Notice of AGMs are available at http://www.europaoil.com/reportsandpresentations.aspx
Board
The board is responsible for the overall governance of the Company. Its responsibilities include setting the strategic direction of the Company, 
providing leadership to put the strategy into action and supervising the management of the business.
The Board now comprises three non-executive directors (“NEDs”) and two executive directors, being the CEO and the COO. Biographies of the 
directors are set out in the Board of directors section of this report. All three NEDs are considered by the board to be independent. The roles 
and responsibilities of the chairman, CEO, senior independent director (“SID”), COO and company secretary are set out on the website and 
summarised above.
B O’Cathain is non-executive chairman, S Ashby-Rudd is the senior independent director, E Rowley is non-executive director. 
Terms of Reference
The Terms of Reference of all board committees are available on the website.
CHAIRMAN’S INTRODUCTION CONTINUED
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
34

Record of meetings
Meetings held and attendance records of all directors for the period 1 August 2023 to 31 July 2024 are set out below:
Board
Audit Committee
Remuneration 
Committee
Nomination
Committee
ESG
Committee 
Strategy 
Committee
Risk Committee
Attended of 
Possible
Attended of 
Possible
Attended of 
Possible
Attended of 
Possible
Attended of 
Possible
Attended of 
Possible
Attended of 
Possible
B O’Cathain
8/9
2/2
3/3
1/1
1/1
2/2
N/A
S Ashby-Rudd
5/5
1/1
3/3
1/1
0/0
2/2
N/A
E Rowley
2/2
N/A
N/A
N/A
0/0
1/1
N/A
W Holland
 9/9
N/A
N/A
1/1
N/A
2/2
6/6
A Stuart
9/9
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
2/2
6/6
S Oddie
2/2
N/A
N/A
N/A
1/1
0/0
N/A
S Williams
2/2
1\1
N/A
N/A
1/1
0/0
N/A
Brian O’Cathain
Chairman
 
 
Financial Statements
Governance
Strategic Report
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
35

The Audit Committee meets 
at least twice a year and is 
chaired by S Ashby-Rudd 
with B O’Cathain as the 
other member. During the 
year, the committee has 
reviewed:
	
^ The internal financial control systems 
and other internal control and risk 
management systems; 
	
^ The statements included in the Annual 
Report concerning internal controls,  
risk management and the going  
concern statement;
	
^ The carrying values of producing and 
intangible assets;
	
^ The adequacy and security of the 
Company’s arrangements for its 
employees and contractors to raise 
concerns about possible wrongdoing in 
financial reporting or other matters;
	
^ The procedures for detecting fraud; 
	
^ The systems and controls for the 
prevention of bribery; 
	
^ The need for an internal audit function 
and determined that at this stage, due to 
the Company’s size and scale, an internal 
audit function is not required.
The committee has overseen the relationship 
with the external auditors, including: 
	
^ Approved the remuneration for audit and 
non-audit services;
	
^ Approved the terms of engagement and 
the scope of the audit; 
	
^ Satisfied itself that there are no 
relationships between the auditor and 
the Company which would adversely 
affect the auditor’s independence and 
objectivity; 
	
^ Monitored the auditor’s processes for 
maintaining independence, its compliance 
with relevant UK law, regulation, other 
professional requirements and ethical 
standards, including guidance on the 
rotation of audit partner and staff; 
	
^ Assessed the qualifications, expertise, 
resources, and independence of the 
external auditor and the effectiveness  
of the external audit process; 
	
^ Evaluated the risks to the quality and 
effectiveness of the financial reporting 
process in the light of the external 
auditor’s communications with the 
Committee; 
	
^ Met with the external auditor without 
management present, to discuss the 
auditor’s remit and any issues arising  
from the audit;
	
^ Discussed with the external auditor 
factors that could affect audit quality and 
reviewed and approved the annual audit 
plan, ensuring its consistency with the 
scope of the audit engagement, having 
regard to the seniority, expertise and 
experience of the audit team.
The committee reviewed the findings of the 
audit with the external auditor, including:
	
^ A discussion of issues which arose during 
the audit, including any errors identified, 
and the auditor’s explanation of how the 
risks to audit quality were addressed; 
	
^ Key accounting and audit judgements; 
	
^ The auditor’s view of their interactions 
with senior management; 
	
^ A review of any representation letters 
requested by the external auditor before 
they were signed by management; 
	
^ A review of the management letter and 
management’s response to the auditor’s 
findings and recommendations; 
	
^ A review of the effectiveness of the  
audit process, including an assessment  
of the quality of the audit, the handling  
of key judgements by the auditor, and  
the auditor’s response to questions  
from the Committee.
Simon Ashby-Rudd
Audit Committee Chair 
AUDIT COMMITTEE REPORT
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
36

The Remuneration Committee reviews 
the scale and structure of the executive 
directors’ remuneration and the terms of their 
service contracts. Remuneration and terms 
and conditions of appointment of the non-
executive directors are set by the board.
S Ashby-Rudd chairs the committee  
and B O’Cathain is the other member.  
The Remuneration Committee met twice  
in the year. 
In setting the remuneration for the executive 
directors and key staff, the Committee 
compares published remuneration data for 
other AIM oil and gas companies of a similar 
market capitalisation and seeks to ensure 
that the remuneration of the executive 
directors is broadly comparable to their 
peers in other similarly sized organisations. 
In 2023/24:
	
^ There were no changes to remuneration 
policy, pension rights or any 
compensation payments. 
	
^ Changes were made in pay across the 
Company and Group. 
	
^ An award under the executive bonus 
scheme was made for the calendar 
year 2023. A scheme for the calendar 
year 2024 is in operation for the year 
commencing 1 January 2024 following the 
approval and setting of KPIs for the 2024 
calendar year.
	
^ Options on issue to employees were 
cancelled and a new Long Term Incentive 
Plan (“LTIP”) put in place, the terms of 
which are aligned to standard market 
practice. Options were issued under this 
new plan to five employees, these options 
having a term of four years to vesting 
date and being contingent on a share 
price performance hurdle. This LTIP is only 
available to employees, and not to non-
executive directors.
	
^ All options held by non-executive 
directors were surrendered during the 
year. No non-executive directors currently 
hold any options in the Company’s stock.
Directors’ remuneration is set out in note 4  
of the financial statements.
Simon Ashby-Rudd
Remuneration Committee Chair 
The Nominations Committee reviews the 
size, structure and composition of the 
board and considers succession planning. 
The committee identifies and nominates 
candidates to fill board vacancies for 
approval by the board.
B O’Cathain chairs the committee. S Ashby-
Rudd and W Holland are members. The 
Nominations Committee met once in the year 
and discussed and recommended:
	
^ That Dr. E Rowley be appointed to the 
board as a NED.
Brian O’Cathain
Nominations Committee Chair 
The Strategy Committee reviews the 
Company’s progress in realising its strategic 
objectives, and reviews opportunities, 
initiatives, alliances and potential mergers.
W Holland chairs the Committee. B O’Cathain, 
S Ashby-Rudd, E Rowley and A Stuart are 
members. The Strategy Committee last sat in 
July 2024 and its key decisions were:
	
^ Prioritisation of the EG-08 farm-out process.
	
^ To continue active assessment of the 
optimisation of existing UK onshore assets.
	
^ Continued progression of the Ireland asset.
	
^ That the Company should continue to 
seek new venture opportunities within 
its financial means, and in this regard 
continue to focus on West Africa.
William Holland
Strategy Committee Chair
REMUNERATION COMMITTEE REPORT
NOMINATIONS COMMITTEE REPORT
STRATEGY COMMITTEE REPORT
Financial Statements
Governance
Strategic Report
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
37

The Risk Committee meets six times per 
year to review identified business risk 
factors, any changes in the risk environment 
and to ensure that appropriate mitigations 
are in place. W Holland is Chair of the Risk 
Committee, and A Stuart is a member. 
Specific risks considered are weighted with 
respect to probability of occurrence and 
severity of business disruption in case of 
occurrence. The Risk Committee reports 
its bi-monthly determinations to the Audit 
Committee and on to the full board.
William Holland
Risk Committee Chair
The ESG Committee reviews the ESG 
policies and initiatives, ensuring they 
remain effective and up to date, along 
with ensuring compliance with legal and 
regulatory requirements including corporate 
governance principles and industry 
standards. The board has adopted a 
precautionary approach to ESG, identifying 
and assessing the potential risks and impacts 
of our operations on the world around us at 
all stages of a project, and the oversight of 
this lies with the ESG Committee. 
The ESG Committee is chaired by 
B O’Cathain, with S Ashby-Rudd and  
E Rowley as members.
Environment – The board is committed to 
ensuring that the environmental impacts of 
its activities are taken into account and that 
the Company is regarded as a good steward 
of hydrocarbon resources. As such the ESG 
Committee will consider how it can actively 
reduce greenhouse gas emissions and 
energy consumption in its activities.
Social – The committee will consider the 
Company’s interactions with employees 
and all stakeholders of the Company to 
ensure that these relationships are being 
appropriately managed and will consider 
the role of the Company in society to ensure 
that all groups impacted by the activities 
of the business are given appropriate 
consideration.
Governance – The ESG Committee is 
responsible for ensuring that the appropriate 
governance policies are in place. All relevant 
policies relating to ESG shall be reviewed  by 
the committee and where the committee is  
not satisfied it shall report its views to the board.
In 2023-24, the ESG Committee:
	
^ Determined to continue to evaluate 
opportunities for viable renewable energy 
activities at the West Firsby site.
	
^ Committed to continue to work toward 
building out our ESG reporting framework.
	
^ Committed to continue working to 
establish appropriate and comprehensive 
data collection processes.
	
^ Reviewed metric and emissions targets.
	
^ Reviewed material for the website.
Brian O’Cathain
ESG Committee Chair 
ESG COMMITTEE REPORT
RISK COMMITTEE REPORT
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
38

Audit 
Committee
Role: receives 
and reviews 
reports from 
management and 
the Company’s 
auditors relating 
to the annual and 
interim accounts 
and the accounting 
and internal 
control systems 
of the Company. 
It has unrestricted 
access to the 
Company’s 
external auditors.  
Chair:  
S Ashby-Rudd
Members:  
B O’Cathain
Audit  
Committee
Remuneration 
Committee
Role: reviews the 
scale and structure 
of the executive 
directors’ 
remuneration and 
the terms of their 
service contracts. 
The remuneration 
and terms and 
conditions of 
appointment of 
the non-executive 
directors are set 
by the board.  
 
Chair:  
S Ashby-Rudd
Members:  
B O’Cathain
Remuneration 
Committee
Nominations 
Committee
Role: reviews the 
size, structure and 
composition of the 
board and gives 
consideration 
to succession 
planning. The 
committee 
identifies and 
nominates 
candidates to fill 
board vacancies 
for approval of  
the board. 
 
Chair:  
B O’Cathain
Members:  
S Ashby-Rudd
W Holland
Nominations 
Committee
ESG  
Committee
Role: provides 
an oversight of 
the Company’s 
ESG strategy and 
activities. This 
includes reviewing 
ESG policies and 
initiatives, ensuring 
they remain 
effective and up  
to date.  
 
 
 
Chair:  
B O’Cathain
Members:  
S Ashby-Rudd
E Rowley
ESG 
Committee
Strategy 
Committee
Role: provides 
support to 
the executive, 
monitors progress 
on strategy 
implementation 
and advises 
on resource 
requirements.  
 
 
Chair:  
W Holland
Members:  
B O’Cathain
S Ashby-Rudd
E Rowley
A Stuart
Strategy 
Committee
Role: reviews the 
various risks faced 
by the business, 
assesses the 
impact that each 
risk presents 
and identifies 
mitigations 
that could be 
implemented. The 
Risk Committee 
reports to the 
board 
 
 
Chair:  
W Holland
Members: 
A Stuart
Strategy 
Committee
Risk 
Committee
Chairman
Brian O’Cathain 
Independent Non-Executive 
Chairman
Executive Directors
William Holland 
Chief Executive Officer
Alastair Stuart 
COO Executive Director
Non-Executive Directors
Simon Ashby-Rudd 
Senior Independent Director
Dr Eleanor Rowley 
Independent Non-Executive 
Director
Your board of directors
Chairman
Executive Directors
Non-Executive Directors
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Financial Statements
Governance
Strategic Report
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
39

Alastair Stuart, 
Chief Operating Officer and  
Executive Director
Appointed: April 2023
Skills and experience: 
Alastair has over 30 years of experience in 
operational, commercial and technical roles 
in the energy sectors. He has been working 
with Europa in a consultant capacity since 
2012. As a 1982 graduate of Heriot-
Watt’s Masters programme in Petroleum 
Engineering, he began his career with Total 
CFP in Paris before joining Enterprise Oil in 
1986, shortly after it was established, where 
he focused on projects in the North Sea 
and the Far East. He was later promoted to 
New Ventures Manager, where he led the 
evaluation and progression of new ventures 
in South America, Eastern Europe and the 
Far East. After ten years with Enterprise, 
he worked briefly with Hardy Oil & Gas, 
before setting up his own consulting group 
in 1998 which developed processes and 
systems for managing capital allocation 
across large portfolios of investments in the 
oil and gas, pharmaceutical and venture 
capital sectors. Alastair consulted for many 
years with Heritage Oil as Chief Petroleum 
Engineer, where he was responsible for all 
engineering matters relating to their  
African portfolio.
Committee memberships:  
Strategy and Risk.
William Holland,  
Chief Executive Officer and  
Executive Director
Appointed: June 2022
Skills and experience:
William is a proven industry leader with 
a career spanning over 25 years in 
the upstream sector. He started as an 
engineer with Halliburton focused on 
North Sea and West Africa operations 
before moving into upstream banking 
at Macquarie Bank. From 2013 he 
ran a successful consulting business 
which advised energy companies on 
commercial, financial and M&A matters 
before joining Europa in a full-time 
capacity in 2022. William has significant 
experience in corporate acquisitions, 
establishing and growing small market 
capitalisation E&P companies, debt 
and equity financing, balance sheet 
restructuring and investor relations, 
much of which was gained working on 
upstream deals across Africa, the UK 
and Europe. This includes four years of 
upstream operational experience living 
in West Africa followed by over 15 years 
of investing in West African businesses 
and numerous M&A activities. He has 
an engineering degree from Warwick 
University and an MBA from Heriot-Watt 
University. 
Committee memberships:  
Nominations, Strategy (Chair), and  
Risk (Chair).
Members of the board of directors are listed 
below, including their relevant experience, 
skills and personal qualities. There is an 
appropriate breadth of experience for 
current activities covering the key aspects 
of the business including technical, 
operational, financial and international. It is 
the responsibility of each director to keep 
skills up to date with the assistance of the 
chairman who has a core responsibility 
in addressing the development needs 
of the board as a whole with a view to 
enhancing its overall effectiveness.
Board Committees call on external advisers 
where this is deemed necessary. During 
2023-24 the Remuneration Committee 
sought advice on employee remuneration 
from external advisers. The Nominated 
Adviser is consulted on matters of adherence 
to AIM regulations and MAR requirements 
and associated disclosures.
The main internal advisory functions are 
that of SID (S Ashby-Rudd) and company 
secretary (L Armstrong).
BOARD OF DIRECTORS CONTINUED
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
40

Brian O’Cathain,  
Non-Executive Chairman
Appointed: January 2018
Skills and experience: 
Brian has worked as a geologist and 
petroleum engineer in the oil and gas 
sector since 1984. He began his career 
with Shell International and worked at 
Enterprise Oil and Tullow Oil in senior roles. 
He served as CEO of Afren plc to 2007, 
and as CEO of Petroceltic International 
plc until 2016. He was a non-executive 
director of Eland Oil and Gas, an AIM 
quoted company producing over 20,000 
bopd in Nigeria, until its successful sale to 
Seplat plc in December 2019. He is also a 
non-executive director of Nephin Energy, a 
private gas producing company which is a 
large equity holder in the Corrib gas field in 
Ireland. Nephin Energy is a 100% subsidiary 
of Canadian Pension Plan Investment 
Board, one of the world’s largest pension 
funds with assets of US$473 billion (as of 
30 June 2024) under management. He is 
a founding director and chair of Causeway 
Geothermal Limited, a geothermal 
company.
His skills include fundraising, and the 
technical, legal and financial aspects 
of running a publicly listed oil and gas 
company, and he brings a wealth of market 
understanding to the table. He led and 
negotiated the agreed nil-premium merger 
of Petroceltic and Melrose Resources in 2012.
Brian holds a BSc (First Class) in Geology 
from the University of Bristol. 
Committee memberships:  
ESG (Chair), Audit, Remuneration, 
Nomination (Chair) and Strategy.
Simon Ashby-Rudd,  
Non-Executive Director
Appointed: December 2023
Skills and experience: 
Simon joined the board in December 
2023 and has extensive experience in the 
upstream energy sector which includes 
30 years in investment banking roles 
at large financial institutions, including 
Dresdner Kleinwort Benson, Citigroup 
and Standard Bank, where he was Global 
Head of Oil & Gas. He was the founding 
European partner at Tristone Capital, 
which was a leading UK boutique M&A 
and equity advisory firm before it was 
acquired by Macquarie Bank. Simon has 
significant global experience in advising 
energy companies on corporate strategy 
and capital structuring, and has spent 
much of his career focused on Europe 
and Africa. 
Simon holds a B.Sc in Economics from 
University College London. 
Committee memberships:  
Audit (Chair), ESG, Remuneration (Chair), 
Nomination, and Strategy.
Dr Eleanor Rowley,  
Non-Executive Director
Appointed: April 2024
Skills and experience: 
Eleanor joined the board in April 2024 
and has extensive experience in the 
upstream energy sector working as 
a geoscientist in both exploration 
and development projects. She is a 
proven hydrocarbon finder who has 
been responsible for multiple impactful 
discoveries in India, Cyprus, the Middle 
East and North Africa, and has been 
responsible for evaluating exploration and 
appraisal opportunities across multiple 
jurisdictions including sub-Saharan Africa. 
Eleanor is currently Managing Director 
at Capricorn Energy (Egypt), where she 
was initially responsible for setting up 
Capricorn’s business in Egypt, involving 
a net investment of >US$300 million in 
the last two calendar years, and now 
manages that business, which averaged 
gross production of 75 kboepd in 2023. 
Prior to that, she held senior executive 
positions with supermajors as well 
as midsize and small E&P companies 
in multiple geographies, including a 
period as Vice President Exploration 
(MENA & Caspian Southern Europe) at 
TotalEnergies where she was responsible 
for the region’s exploration and appraisal 
projects, new business development 
strategy, exploration operations and 
technical excellence. 
Eleanor holds a BA in Earth Science 
from Oxford University and a PhD in 
Geophysics from Cambridge University. 
Committee memberships:  
ESG and Strategy.
 
 
Financial Statements
Governance
Strategic Report
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
41

Business review
A detailed review of the Group’s business is set out in the Chairman’s statement and Our strategy. 
Future developments
Details of expected future developments for the Group are set out in the Chairman’s statement and Our strategy.
Dividends
The directors do not recommend the payment of a dividend (2023: £nil).
Directors and their interests
The directors’ interests in the share capital of the Company at 31 July were: 
Number of ordinary shares
Number of ordinary share options
2024
2023
2024
2023
BJ O’Cathain
1,467,948
1,467,948
–
2,950,000
SG Oddie
–
3,384,615
–
9,200,000
SA Williams
–
141,131
–
2,500,000
WP Holland
5,023,316
1,308,357
20,000,000
7,721,000
AM Stuart
710,000
 210,000
15,000,000
–
E Rowley
–
–
–
–
S Ashby-Rudd
–
–
–
–
Details of the vesting conditions of the directors’ stock options are included in note 21. 
Directors’ interests in transactions
No director had, during the year or at the end of the year, other than disclosed above, a material interest in any contract in relation to the 
Group’s activities except in respect of service agreements.
Subject to the conditions set out in the Companies Act 2006, the Company has arranged appropriate directors’ and officers’ insurance to 
indemnify the directors against liability in respect of proceedings brought by third parties. Such provisions remain in force at the date of this report. 
Significant shareholdings
Significant direct and indirect interests in the issued share capital of the Company above 3% are shown in this report under the Chairman’s 
introduction to governance and are also available and updated quarterly at https://www.europaoil.com/investors/aim-rule-26/.
Financial instruments
See note 1 and note 22 to the financial statements.
Related party transactions
See note 25 to the financial statements.
Post reporting date events
See note 26 to the financial statements.
Capital structure and going concern
Further details on the Group’s capital structure are included in note 20. Comments on going concern are included in note 1.
Accounting policies
A full list of accounting policies is set out in note 1 to the financial statements. No new accounting standards were adopted in the period.
Disclosure of information to the auditor
In the case of each person who was a director at the time this report was approved:
	
^ So far as that director was aware there was no relevant available information of which the Company’s auditor was unaware; and
	
^ That director had taken all necessary steps to make themselves aware of any relevant audit information, and to establish that the Company’s 
auditor was aware of that information.
Auditor
PKF Littlejohn LLP was reappointed as the auditor of the Company at the Annual General Meeting that was held on 23 November 2023 and a resolution 
to re-appoint PKF Littlejohn LLP as auditors for the period through to the end of the Company’s 2025 AGM will be proposed at the Company’s 
2024 Annual General Meeting.
On behalf of the board
William Holland, CEO, 25 October 2024
DIRECTORS’ REPORT
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
42

The directors are responsible for preparing the Annual Report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations. 
Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the directors have elected to 
prepare the Group and Company financial statements in accordance with UK adopted International Accounting Standards. Under Company 
law the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of 
the Group and Company and of the profit or loss of the Group for that year. The directors are also required to prepare financial statements in 
accordance with the rules of the London Stock Exchange for companies trading securities on AIM. 
In preparing these financial statements, the directors are required to:
	
^ Select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;
	
^ Make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent;
	
^ State whether they have been prepared in accordance with UK adopted International Accounting Standards, subject to any material 
departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements; and
	
^ Prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the Company will continue in business.
The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the Company’s transactions and 
disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Company and enable them to ensure that the financial statements 
comply with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Company and hence 
for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.
Website publication
The directors are responsible for ensuring the Annual Report and the financial statements are made available on a website. Financial 
statements are published on the Company’s website in accordance with legislation in the United Kingdom governing the preparation and 
dissemination of financial statements, which may vary from legislation in other jurisdictions. The maintenance and integrity of the Company’s 
website is the responsibility of the directors. The directors’ responsibility also extends to the ongoing integrity of the financial statements 
contained therein.
 
STATEMENT OF DIRECTORS’ RESPONSIBILITIES
Financial Statements
Governance
Strategic Report
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
43

Opinion 
We have audited the financial statements of Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc (the ‘parent company’) and its subsidiaries (the ‘group’) for the year 
ended 31 July 2024 which comprise the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income, the Consolidated and Parent Company Statement 
of Financial Position, the Consolidated and Parent Company Statements of Changes in Equity, the Consolidated and Parent Company 
Statements of Cash Flows and notes to the financial statements, including significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that 
has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and UK-adopted international accounting standards and as regards the parent company 
financial statements, as applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006. 
In our opinion: 
	
^ the financial statements give a true and fair view of the state of the group’s and of the parent company’s affairs as at 31 July 2024 and of the 
group’s loss for the year then ended; 
	
^ the group financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with UK-adopted international accounting standards;
	
^ the parent company financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with UK-adopted international accounting standards 
and as applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006; and
	
^ the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006. 
Basis for opinion 
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under 
those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are 
independent of the group and parent company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial 
statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard as applied to listed entities, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities  
in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis 
for our opinion. 
Material uncertainty related to going concern 
We draw attention to note 1 in the financial statements, which indicates that conditions exist that may cast doubt on the group’s ability to 
continue as a going concern. The group incurred a loss of £6,781,000 (2023: £852,000) and incurred operating cash outflows of £613,000 
(2023: cash inflows of £2,748,000) and is not expected to generate positive cash inflows from the operations in the 12 months from the date at 
which these financial statements were signed. As stated in note 1, these events or conditions, along with the other matters as set forth in note 1, 
indicate that a material uncertainty exists that may cast significant doubt on the company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Our opinion is 
not modified in respect of this matter.
In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors’ use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of 
the financial statements is appropriate. Our evaluation of the directors’ assessment of the company’s ability to continue to adopt the going 
concern basis of accounting included:
	
^ obtaining budgets for at least a 12-month period from the date of approval of the financial statements, ascertaining the key assumptions in 
the preparing of this forecast/budget and assessing the reasonableness of such assumptions along with undertaking a sensitivity analysis;
	
^ comparing previous budgets to performance to assess the reliability of such forecast/budgets.
	
^ Obtaining the directors’ going concern assessment and evaluating the appropriateness of this assessment; and
	
^ Reviewing of external market factors affecting the group and its future economic viability, such as the energy transition, and ensuring this is 
appropriately reflected in management’s forecasts.
Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report.
Our application of materiality 
We apply the concept of materiality both in planning and performing our audit, and in evaluating the effect of misstatements. At the planning 
stage materiality is used to determine the financial statements areas that are included within the scope of our audit and the extent of sample 
sizes during the audit.
We consider gross assets to be the most significant determinant of the group’s financial position and performance used by shareholders, with the key 
financial statement balances being exploration assets and producing assets. The ability of the group to continue as a going concern depends 
on its means of funding operations going forward, as well as on the valuation of its assets, which represent the underlying value of the group. 
Materiality for the financial statements as a whole was £146,000 (2023: £259,000) based on a benchmark of 1.5% (2023: 1.5%) of gross assets.
The same basis for calculation was used for the components of the group, with the parent company materiality set at £145,900 (2023: £258,990) 
and for the remaining components between £18,000 and £145,900 (2023: £19,000; £256,000). Performance materiality for the group and its 
components was set at 70% (2023: 70%) of the overall materiality figure, as determined from our risk assessment for 2024, being £102,200, 
£102,130 and £12,600 to £102,130 for the group, parent company and remaining components respectively (2023: £181,000; £180,990; £13,000; 
£179,000).
We agreed with the audit committee that we would report to the committee al audit differences identified during the course of our audit in 
excess of £7,300 for the group as well as differences below these thresholds that, in our view, warranted reporting on qualitative grounds.
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT  
TO THE MEMBERS OF EUROPA OIL & GAS (HOLDINGS) PLC
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
44

Our approach to the audit
Our audit is risk based and is designed to focus our efforts on the areas at greatest risk of material misstatement, aspects subject to significant 
management judgement as well as greatest complexity, risk and size.
As part of designing our audit, we determined materiality, as above, and assessed the risk of material misstatement in the financial statements. 
In particular, we looked at areas involving significant accounting estimates and judgement by the directors and considered future events that 
are inherently uncertain. These areas of estimate and judgement included:
	
^ the carrying value of exploration and evaluation assets (identified as a key audit matter)
	
^ the carrying value of producing assets (identified as a key audit matter)
	
^ the carrying value of intercompany receivables at the parent company level (identified as a key audit matter)
	
^ the valuation of decommissioning provision
	
^ the valuation of share based payments
We also addressed the risk of management override of internal controls, including among other matters consideration of whether there was 
evidence of bias that represented a risk of material misstatement due to fraud.
The scope of our audit was based on the significance of component’s operations and materiality. Each component was assessed as to whether 
they were significant or not to the group by either their size or risk.
A few subsidiaries have been assessed as significant components of the group however all subsidiaries have been subject to full scope audits 
for statutory purposes.
All audit work was conducted by the group audit team in London.
Key audit matters 
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgement, were of most significance in our audit of the financial statements of the 
current period and include the most significant assessed risks of material misstatement (whether or not due to fraud) we identified, including 
those which had the greatest effect on: the overall audit strategy, the allocation of resources in the audit; and directing the efforts of the 
engagement team. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion 
thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters. In addition to the matter described in the Material uncertainty related to 
going concern section we have determined the matters described below to be the key audit matters to be communicated in our report.  
Key audit matter
How our scope addressed this matter
Accuracy and valuation of the carrying value of the group’s capitalised exploration costs (Note 11)
The group has intangible assets in 
relation to capitalised exploration costs 
in respect of the licences held. There is 
the risk that the asset is overstated as 
a result of additions being incorrectly 
capitalised though not meeting the 
criteria as per IFRS 6 and indicators 
of impairment may exist as at 31 July 
2024 which would trigger the need for 
impairment. 
Particularly for early stage exploration 
projects where the calculation of 
recoverable amount via value in use 
calculations is not possible, management’s 
assessment of impairment under IFRS 6 
requires estimation and judgement. 
This is therefore considered to be a 
key audit matter due to the significant 
judgement and estimates involved in 
assessing whether any indicators of 
impairment have arisen at the year end, 
and in quantifying any potential impairment.
Our work in this area included:
	
^ Substantive testing of a sample of exploration and evaluation expenditures to assess their 
eligibility for capitalisation under IFRS 6 by corroborating to original source documentation;
	
^ Confirmation that the entity holds good title to the relevant licence areas for the period  
under review;
	
^ Making enquiries of management regarding future plans for each project including obtaining 
cashflow projections where necessary and corroborating to minimum spend requirements 
attached to licences, where appropriate;
	
^ Considering whether there are indications of impairment on a project by project basis in 
accordance with IFRS 6 criteria;
	
^ Assessing the farm-out agreements in place, their accounting and disclosures;
	
^ Reviewing management’s impairment assessment and latest Competent Person’s report for 
indicators of impairment in respect of the carrying value of intangible assets and providing 
challenge thereto and corroborating key assumptions used; and
	
^ Ensuring disclosures made in the financial statements in relation to critical accounting 
estimates and judgements are adequate and in line with our understanding of the Group  
and its activities.
 
 
Financial Statements
Governance
Strategic Report
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
45

Key audit matter
How our scope addressed this matter
Accuracy and valuation of the carrying value of the group’s property, plant and equipment (PPE) (Note 12)
There is a risk that the carrying value 
of the group’s Oil & Gas assets are 
overstated at the year end as it is one 
of the material balances in the financial 
statements. 
This is considered to be a key audit 
matter due to the significant judgement 
and estimates involved in assessing 
whether any impairment has arisen at  
the year end, and in quantifying any  
such impairment.
The volatile nature of long-term oil prices 
give rise to an increased risk, especially 
in the circumstances of the group being 
its key source of revenue and cash 
generation and the decrease in the Brent 
Crude price over the financial year. 
Changes in macroeconomic factors 
would increase the risk of inappropriate 
interest and discount rates used as 
working assumptions in the value in use 
calculation of the producing assets, thus 
inflating the value of the assets. These 
changes include the energy crisis driven 
by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the 
introduction of Labour government who 
wish to minimise exploration activities in 
the interest of net-zero goals.
Our work in this area included: 
	
^ Assessing the process used by management to derive their internal Reserves and Contingent 
Resources estimates and associated production profiles for each of the four scenarios;
	
^ Reviewing the Competent Person Report (“CPR”) in place, assessing the scope of work, 
including an evaluation of the competence, capabilities and independence of the CPR;
	
^ Reviewing management’s internal production forecasts to the CPR and assessing the 
appropriateness of any differences which arise;
	
^ Reviewing management’s impairment review/net present value workings including oil price 
assumptions against readily available market data and trends (such as Platts price data) in 
order to challenge the validity of forecasted prices. In addition, consideration of external 
market factors and the impact on the valuation of the oil and gas assets held, such as the 
energy transition, demand and climate change;
	
^ Discussing with PKF internal valuation experts to independently develop a reasonable range 
of discount rates for the assets and compared to the discount rate applied by management;
	
^ Assessing any further management assumptions by reference to third party information, our 
knowledge of the group and industry and also budgeted and forecast performance;
	
^ Verifying the existence of a sample of asset additions and confirming appropriate 
classification in line with UK-adopted IAS; and 
	
^ Assessing whether management’s presentation and disclosures relating to estimation 
uncertainty and PPE balances are adequate.
Carrying value of investments in subsidiaries and recoverability of intragroup balances (Company only) - (Note 15)
Investments in intercompany balances at 
the year end represent a material asset 
on the company’s books. Recoverability 
depends on management’s assumptions 
regarding the future performance of 
subsidiaries which are in turn dependent 
on the market conditions  
and performance of the group. 
There is the risk that these intercompany 
balances may not be recoverable and 
may be impaired.
This is therefore considered to be a 
key audit matter due to the significant 
judgement and estimates involved in 
assessing whether any indicators of 
impairment have arisen at the year 
end, and in quantifying any potential 
impairment.
Our work in this area included:
	
^ Reviewing management’s impairment assessment of investments held, testing key inputs  
to supporting documentation and challenging key inputs and estimates included therein;
	
^ Agreeing investment holdings to underlying documentation to support current ownership;
	
^ Assessing the net asset values of the counterparty of which the loan is held;
	
^ Reconciling the intercompany balances to the intercompany matric and respective audited 
trial balances;
	
^ Reviewing the implication of IFRS 9 and expected credit loss provisioning on the 
intercompany balances and ensuring adequate disclosure in the financial statements.
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT  
TO THE MEMBERS OF EUROPA OIL & GAS (HOLDINGS) PLC CONTINUED
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
46

Other information 
The other information comprises the information included in the annual report, other than the financial statements and our auditor’s report 
thereon. The directors are responsible for the other information contained within the annual report. Our opinion on the group and parent 
company financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do 
not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether 
the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the course of the audit, or otherwise 
appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to 
determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, 
we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact. 
We have nothing to report in this regard. 
Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006 
In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit: 
	
^ the information given in the strategic report and the directors’ report for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is 
consistent with the financial statements; and 
	
^ the strategic report and the directors’ report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements. 
Matters on which we are required to report by exception 
In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the group and the parent company and their environment obtained in the course of the 
audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the strategic report or the directors’ report. 
We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion: 
	
^ adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from 
branches not visited by us; or 
	
^ the parent company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or 
	
^ certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or 
	
^ we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit. 
Responsibilities of directors 
As explained more fully in the statement of directors’ responsibilities, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the group and parent 
company financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine 
is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. 
In preparing the group and parent company financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the group and the parent 
company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern 
basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the group or the parent company or to cease operations, or have no realistic 
alternative but to do so. 
 
 
 
Financial Statements
Governance
Strategic Report
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
47

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements 
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, 
whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance 
but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. 
Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected 
to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements. 
Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in line with our responsibilities, 
outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud. The extent to which our procedures are capable of 
detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed below:
	
^ We obtained an understanding of the group and parent company and the sector in which they operate to identify laws and regulations that 
could reasonably be expected to have a direct effect on the financial statements. We obtained our understanding in this regard through 
discussions with management, industry research and application of cumulative audit knowledge and experience of the sector.
	
^ We determined the principal laws and regulations relevant to the group and parent company in this regard to be those arising from 
	•
Companies Act 2006;
	•
Control of Major Accident Hazards Regulations
	•
Anti Money Laundering Legislation
	•
Local Tax laws and regulations
	•
AIM Rules
	•
Employment Law
	•
Bribery Act
	•
Environmental Law
	
^ We designed our audit procedures to ensure the audit team considered whether there were any indications of non-compliance by the 
group and parent company with those laws and regulations. These procedures included, but were not limited to:
	•
A review of the board minutes throughout the year and post year end;
	•
A review of the RNS announcements;
	•
A review of legal expenses per general ledger transactions; and
	•
Discussion with management
	
^ We also identified the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements due to fraud. We considered, in addition to the non-
rebuttable presumption of a risk of fraud arising from management override of controls, the carrying value of the assets held to be an 
area of potential for management bias. Whilst the carrying value of the assets is held at historical cost, management must consider the 
impairment indicators under IFRS 6 and IAS 36 and the potential need to conduct a formal impairment review. Being the key balance within 
these financial statements, and the key driver for the business, this gives rise to an increased risk of material misstatement as a result of 
management bias. Supporting evidence has been obtained for an appropriate sample of additions throughout the year, and a detailed 
impairment assessment has been undertaken by management against those indicators as set out per IFRS 6 and IAS 36 and ensured that 
the carrying value is appropriate. 
	
^ As in all of our audits, we addressed the risk of fraud arising from management override of controls by performing audit procedures which 
included, but were not limited to: the testing of journals; reviewing accounting estimates for evidence of bias; and evaluating the business 
rationale of any significant transactions that are unusual or outside the normal course of business.
Because of the inherent limitations of an audit, there is a risk that we will not detect all irregularities, including those leading to a material 
misstatement in the financial statements or non-compliance with regulation. This risk increases the more that compliance with a law or 
regulation is removed from the events and transactions reflected in the financial statements, as we will be less likely to become aware 
of instances of non-compliance. The risk is also greater regarding irregularities occurring due to fraud rather than error, as fraud involves 
intentional concealment, forgery, collusion, omission or misrepresentation.
A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial Reporting Council’s website at: 
www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our auditor’s report. 
Use of our report
This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit 
work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company’s members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s 
report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone, other than the 
company and the company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.
Nicholas Joel (Senior Statutory Auditor)
For and on behalf of PKF Littlejohn LLP
Statutory Auditor, 25 October 2024	
15 Westferry Circus
Canary Wharf
London E14 4HD
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT  
TO THE MEMBERS OF EUROPA OIL & GAS (HOLDINGS) PLC CONTINUED
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
48

 
Note
2024
£000
2023
£000
Continuing operations
Revenue
2
3,566
6,653
Cost of sales
2
(3,117)
(3,448)
Impairment of producing fields
12
(189)
177
Total cost of sales
(3,306)
(3,271)
Gross profit
260
3,382
Exploration impairment
11
(4,968)
(1,686)
Administrative expenses
(1,855)
(1,872)
Share of loss from associate
(2)
–
Finance income
6
223
9
Finance expense
7
(439)
(717)
Loss before taxation
3
(6,781)
(884)
Taxation expense
8
–
32
Loss for the year
(6,781)
(852)
Other comprehensive (loss)/profit
Items which will not be reclassified to profit /(loss)
Profit on investment revaluation
9
–
5
Items which may be reclassified to profit/(loss)
Exchange differences on translation of foreign operations
(17)
–
Total other comprehensive (loss)/profit
(17)
5
Total comprehensive (loss)/income for the year attributable to the equity shareholders of the parent
(6,798)
(847)
Note
Pence 
per share
Pence 
per share
Earnings per share (“EPS”) attributable to the equity shareholders  
of the parent from continuing operations
Basic EPS 
10
(0.71)p
(0.09)p
Diluted EPS
(0.71)p
(0.09)p
The accompanying notes form part of these financial statements.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME  
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 JULY
Financial Statements
Governance
Strategic Report
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
49

Note
2024
£000
2023
£000
Assets
Non-current assets
Intangible assets
11
2,664
7,146
Property, plant and equipment
12
1,928
2,417
Investments in joint ventures
13a
2,406
–
Total non-current assets
6,998
9,563
Current assets
Inventories
14
9
19
Trade and other receivables
15
1,309
893
Cash and cash equivalents
1,463
5,165
Total current assets
2,781
6,077
Total assets
9,779
15,640
Liabilities
Current liabilities
Trade and other payables
16
(1,387)
(781)
Total current liabilities
(1,387)
(781)
Non-current liabilities
Trade and other payables
16
(6)
(12)
Long-term provisions
19
(4,607)
(4,368)
Total non-current liabilities
(4,613)
(4,380)
Total liabilities
(6,000)
(5,161)
Net assets
3,779
10,479
Capital and reserves attributable to equity holders of the parent 
Share capital
20
9,592
9,592
Share premium 
20
23,682
23,682
Merger reserve
20
2,868
2,868
Foreign currency translation reserve
20
(17)
–
Retained deficit
(32,346)
(25,663)
Total equity
3,779
10,479
These financial statements were approved by the board of directors and authorised for issue on 25 October 2024 and signed on its behalf by: 
William Holland
CEO
Company registration number 05217946
The accompanying notes form part of these financial statements.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 
AS AT 31 JULY
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
50

Attributable to the equity holders of the parent
Share 
capital
£000
Share 
premium
£000
Merger 
reserve
£000
FCTR
£000
Retained 
deficit
£000
Total 
equity
£000
Balance at 1 August 2022
9,565
23,660
2,868
–
(24,864)
11,229
Comprehensive loss for the year
Loss for the year attributable to the equity shareholders 
of the parent
–
–
–
–
(852)
(852)
Other comprehensive profit attributable to the equity 
shareholders of the parent
–
–
–
–
5
5
Total comprehensive loss for the year
–
–
–
–
(847)
(847)
Contributions by and distributions to owners
Issue of share capital (net of issue costs)
27
22
–
–
–
49
Share-based payments (note 21)
–
–
–
–
48
48
Total contributions by and distributions to owners
27
22
–
–
48
97
Balance at 31 July 2023
9,592
23,682
2,868
–
(25,663)
10,479
Balance at 1 August 2023
9,592
23,682
2,868
–
(25,663)
10,479
Comprehensive loss for the year
Loss for the year attributable to the  
equity shareholders of the parent
–
–
–
–
(6,781)
(6,781)
Other comprehensive loss attributable to the  
equity shareholders of the parent
–
–
–
(17)
–
(17)
Total comprehensive loss for the year
–
–
–
(17)
(6,781)
(6,798)
Contributions by and distributions to owners
Share-based payments (note 21)
–
–
–
–
98
98
Total contributions by and distributions to owners
–
–
–
–
98
98
Balance at 31 July 2024
9,592
23,682
2,868
(17)
(32,346)
3,779
The accompanying notes form part of these financial statements.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
Financial Statements
Governance
Strategic Report
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
51

Note
2024
£000
2023
£000
Assets
Non-current assets
Property, plant and equipment
12
37
49
Investments
13b
2,343
2,343
Investments in joint ventures
13a
2,425
–
Amounts due from Group companies
15,22
5,502
22,143
Total non-current assets
10,307
24,535
Current assets
Other receivables
15
236
129
Cash and cash equivalents
164
121
Total current assets
400
250
Total assets
10,707
24,785
 
Liabilities
Current liabilities
Trade and other payables
16
(436)
(250)
Total current liabilities
(436)
(250)
Trade and other payables
16
(6)
(12)
Total non-current liabilities
(6)
(12)
Total liabilities
(442)
(262)
Net assets
10,265
24,523
Capital and reserves attributable to equity holders of the parent
Share capital
20
9,592
9,592
Share premium
20
23,682
23,682
Merger reserve
20
2,868
2,868
Retained deficit
(25,877)
(11,619)
Total equity
10,265
24,523
The Company has taken advantage of the exemption provided under Section 408 of the Companies Act 2006 not to publish its individual 
statement of comprehensive income and related notes. The loss dealt with in the financial statements of the parent Company is £14,356,000 
(2023: £8,964,000 profit). 
These financial statements were approved by the board of directors and authorised for issue on 25 October 2024, and signed on its behalf by: 
William Holland
CEO
Company registration number 05217946
The accompanying notes form part of these financial statements.
COMPANY STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 
AS AT 31 JULY
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
52

Share 
capital
£000
Share 
premium
£000
Merger
 reserve
£000
Retained 
deficit
£000
Total
equity
£000
Balance at 1 August 2022 originally stated
9,565
23,660
2,868
(20,631)
15,462
Comprehensive profit for the year
Profit for the year attributable to the equity shareholders of the parent
–
–
–
8,964
8,964
Total comprehensive profit for the year
–
–
–
8,964
8,964
Contributions by and distributions to owners
Issue of share capital (net of issue costs)
27
22
–
–
49
Share-based payments (note 21)
–
–
–
48
48
Total contributions by and distributions to owners
27
22
–
48
97
Balance at 31 July 2023
9,592
23,682
2,868
(11,619)
24,523
Balance at 1 August 2023 originally stated
9,592
23,682
2,868
(11,619)
24,523
Comprehensive profit for the year
Loss for the year attributable to the equity shareholders of the parent
–
–
–
(14,356)
(14,356)
Total comprehensive profit for the year
–
–
–
(14,356)
(14,356)
Contributions by and distributions to owners
Issue of share capital (net of issue costs)
–
–
–
–
–
Share-based payments (note 21)
–
–
–
98
98
Total contributions by and distributions to owners
–
–
–
98
98
Balance at 31 July 2024
9,592
23,682
2,868
(25,877)
10,265
The accompanying notes form part of these financial statements
COMPANY STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
Financial Statements
Governance
Strategic Report
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
53

Note
2024
£000
2023
£000
Cash flows from/(used in) operating activities
Loss after tax from continuing operations
(6,781)
(852)
Adjustments for:
  Share-based payments
21
98
48
  Depreciation 
12
781
1,133
  Impairment/(reversal) of producing field
12
189
(177)
  Exploration impairment
11
4,968
1,686
  Share of loss from joint venture
2
–
  Finance income
(223)
–
  Finance expense
7
439
717
  Taxation expense recognised in profit and loss
8
–
(32)
  (Increase)/decrease in trade and other receivables
(416)
973
  Decrease in inventories
10
17
  Increase/(decrease)in trade and other payables
320
(765)
Net cash (used in)/generated by operations
(613)
2,748
Income taxes paid
–
32
Net cash (used in)/generated by operating activities
(613)
2,780
Cash flows from/(used in) investing activities
Purchase of property, plant and equipment
(679)
(564)
Purchase of intangible assets
(486)
(5,047)
Investment in joint venture
 13
(2,138)
–
Cash guarantee re Morocco
–
263
Cash escrow deposit re Serenity
–
6,622
Net cash (used in)/generated from investing activities
(3,303)
1,274
Cash flows (used in)/from financing activities
Gross proceeds from issue of share capital 
20
–
49
Proceeds from borrowings
–
1,000
Repayment of borrowings
–
(1,040)
Lease liability payments
(7)
(20)
Lease liability interest payments
(1)
(2)
Finance costs
(1)
(35)
Disposal of listed shares
–
29
Net cash used in financing activities
(9)
(19)
Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents
(3,925)
4,035
Exchange gain/(loss) on cash and cash equivalents
223
(264)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
5,165
1,394
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
1,463
5,165
The accompanying notes form part of these financial statements.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 JULY
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
54

Note
2024
£000
2023
£000
Cash flows used in operating activities
(Loss)/profit after tax from continuing operations
(14,356)
8,964
Adjustments for:
  Share-based payments
21
98
48
  Depreciation
12
26
38
  Movement in intercompany loan provision
22
15,567
(7,997)
  Finance income
(2,333)
(1,928)
  Finance expense
1
13
  (Increase)/decrease in trade and other receivables
(105)
36
  Decrease in trade and other payables
(101)
(273)
Net cash used in operating activities
(1,203)
(1,099)
Cash flows from/(used in) investing activities
Purchase of property, plant and equipment
(14)
(61)
Investment in joint venture
(2,138)
–
Movement on loans to Group companies
3,407
1,052
Net cash flows generated from investing activities
1,255
991
Cash flows used in financing activities
Gross proceeds from issue of share capital 
20
–
49
Proceeds from borrowings
–
1,000
Repayment of borrowings
–
(1,040)
Lease liability principal payment
(7)
(15)
Lease liability interest payment
(1)
(1)
Finance costs
(1)
(13)
Net cash used in financing activities
(9)
(20)
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
43
(128)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
121
249
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
164
121
The accompanying notes form part of these financial statements.
COMPANY STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 JULY
Financial Statements
Governance
Strategic Report
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
55

1. Accounting policies
General information
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc is a public company incorporated and domiciled in England and Wales, limited by shares, with registered 
number 05217946. The address of the registered office is 30 Newman Street, London, W1T 1PT. The principal activity of the Company is oil  
and gas exploration, appraisal, development and production.
The functional and presentational currency of the Company is Sterling (UK£), which is also the presentational currency of the Group.
Basis of accounting
The consolidated and individual Company financial statements have been prepared in accordance with applicable UK adopted International 
Accounting Standards. 
The accounting policies that have been applied in the opening statement of financial position have also been applied throughout all periods 
presented in these financial statements. These accounting policies comply with each IFRS that is mandatory for accounting periods ending  
on 31 July 2024.
Going concern
The directors have prepared a cash flow forecast for the period ending 31 October 2025 (the “going concern period”), which considers the 
continuing and forecast cash inflow from the Group’s producing assets, the cash held by the Group at October 2024, less administrative 
expenses and planned capital expenditure.
As at 31 July 2024 the Group had cash of £1.5 million and net current assets of £1.4 million and no borrowings. 
Oil price estimates for the base case cash flow forecast are based on the Quarter 3 ERCE forward price curve, which assumes an average oil 
price in 2025 of $81.70 per barrel, whilst production estimates are sourced from the January 2024 Competent Person’s Report for Wressle and 
augmented by the Group’s internal modelling taking into account recent actual production. The Group has planned, but as yet not-committed, 
capital expenditures related to its projects for which the timing of the expenditure is uncertain and depends on factors outside the control of 
the Group, such as being granted planning consents and permits to conduct operations. The directors have considered multiple scenarios 
in relation to the timing of expenditures, including capital expenditure. The directors have also stress tested various cash flow scenarios with 
extreme downside assumptions such as a $65 per barrel oil price and a 50% reduction in Wressle volumes.
For the going concern period the Group has forecast expenditure, including potential capital expenditure, in excess of its currently available 
cash resources and cash inflows from its producing assets. For the Group to pursue all of its capital projects in a timely and efficient manner it  
is likely to require additional funding during the going concern period to enable it to meet its obligations as they fall due. In addition, should 
either or both of the extreme downside scenarios materialise, the need for further funding could be accelerated. 
Having considered the prepared cash flow forecasts, likely availability of investor support and asset-backed debt, the directors consider that 
they will have access to adequate resources during the going concern period. As a result, they consider it appropriate to continue adopting  
the going concern basis in the preparation of the financial statements. 
There can be no assurance that the cash received from fundraises and debt issuance will match the directors’ expectations, and this may affect 
the Group’s ability to carry out its work programmes as expected.
Should the Group and Company be unable to continue trading as a going concern, adjustments would have to be made to reduce the value 
of the assets to their recoverable amounts, to provide for further liabilities which might arise and to classify non-current assets as current. The 
financial statements have been prepared on the going concern basis and do not include the adjustments that would result if the Group and 
Company were unable to continue as a going concern.
The directors have concluded, as at the date of approval of these financial statements, that there is a reasonable expectation that the Group 
and Company will still have sufficient cash resources to be able to continue as a going concern and meet its obligations as and when they fall 
due over the going concern period.
Basis of consolidation
Where the Company has control over an investee, it is classified as a subsidiary. The Company controls an investee if all three of the following 
elements are present: power over the investee, exposure to variable returns from the investee, and the ability of the investor to use its power 
to affect those variable returns. Control is reassessed whenever facts and circumstances indicate that there may be a change in any of 
these elements of control. Intra Group balances are eliminated on consolidation. Unrealised gains on transactions between the Group and 
its subsidiaries are eliminated. Unrealised losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment of the asset 
transferred. Amounts reported in the financial statements of subsidiaries have been adjusted where necessary to ensure consistency with the 
accounting policies adopted by the Group.
The Group is engaged in oil and gas exploration, development and production through unincorporated joint operations.
Joint arrangements
Joint arrangements are those arrangements in which the Group holds an interest on a long-term basis which are jointly controlled by the Group and 
one or more venturers under a contractual arrangement. When these arrangements do not constitute entities in their own right, the consolidated 
financial statements reflect the relevant proportion of costs, revenues, assets and liabilities applicable to the Group’s interests in accordance with 
IFRS 11. The Group’s exploration, development and production activities are presently conducted jointly with other companies in this way.
For the licences where the Group does not hold 100% equity (refer to the licence interests table) a joint arrangement exists.  
The equity and voting interest of the Group is disclosed in the table, and activities are typical for activities in the oil and gas sector and are  
strategic to the Group’s activities. The principal place of business for all the joint arrangements is the UK.
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
56

1. Accounting policies (continued)
Investments in joint ventures
Investments in joint ventures shall be recognised when the Group has joint control and rights to the net assets of the arrangement. The equity 
method of accounting will be applied to investments in joint ventures. Under this method, the Group’s investment is initially recognised at cost, 
including direct incremental transaction costs, and adjusted thereafter for the post-acquisition change in the Group’s share of net assets of 
the joint venture. The Group’s share of joint ventures’ profit or loss is recognised in the Group’s statement of comprehensive income. Where 
necessary, adjustments are made to the financial statements of joint ventures to bring the accounting policies used into line with those of 
the Group. Distributions received from joint ventures will reduce the carrying amount of the investments. Unrealised gains or losses on other 
transactions between the Group and its joint ventures are eliminated to the extent of the Group’s interest in them. At each reporting date, the 
Group will assess whether there is any indication that investments in joint ventures may be impaired. An impairment loss will be recognised 
when the recoverable amount of the investment is less than its carrying amount. The Company will recognise its investment in the joint venture 
at cost less impairment losses.
Revenue recognition
The Group follows IFRS 15. The standard provides a single comprehensive model for revenue recognition. The core principle of the standard 
is that an entity shall recognise revenue when control passes on the transfer of promised goods or services to customers at an amount that 
reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The standard introduced a 
new contract-based revenue recognition model with a measurement approach that is based on an allocation of the transaction price. This is 
described further in the accounting policies below. Contracts with customers are presented in an entity’s balance sheet as a contract liability, 
a contract asset, or a receivable, depending on the relationship between the entity’s performance and the customer’s payment. The Group’s 
accounting policy under IFRS 15 is that revenue is recognised when the Group satisfies a performance obligation by transferring oil to a customer. 
The title to oil and gas typically transfers to a customer at the same time as the customer takes physical possession of the oil or gas. Typically, 
at this point in time, the performance obligations of the Group are fully satisfied. 
Revenue is measured based on the consideration to which the Group expects to be entitled under the terms of a contract with a customer.  
The consideration is determined by the quantity and price of oil and gas delivered to the customer at the end of each month.
Non-current assets
Oil and gas interests
The financial statements with regard to oil and gas exploration and appraisal expenditure have been prepared under the full cost basis.  
This accords with IFRS 6 which permits the continued application of a previously adopted accounting policy. The unit of account for exploration 
and evaluation assets is the individual licence.
Pre-production assets
Pre-production assets are categorised as intangible assets on the statement of financial position. Pre-licence expenditure is expensed as 
directed by IFRS 6. Expenditure on licence acquisition costs, geological and geophysical costs, costs of drilling exploration, appraisal and 
development wells, and an appropriate share of overheads (including directors’ costs) are capitalised and accumulated on a licence-by-licence 
basis. These costs which relate to the exploration, appraisal and development of oil and gas interests are initially held as intangible non-current 
assets pending determination of technical feasibility and commercial viability. On commencement of production these costs are tested for 
impairment prior to transfer to production assets. If licences are relinquished, or assets are not deemed technically feasible or commercially 
viable, accumulated costs are written off to cost of sales. 
Production assets
Production assets are categorised within property, plant and equipment on the statement of financial position. With the determination of 
commercial viability and approval of an oil and gas project the related pre-production assets are transferred from intangible non-current assets 
to tangible non-current assets and depreciated upon commencement of production within the appropriate cash generating unit. 
Impairment tests
For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows (cash 
generating units) as disclosed in notes 11 and 12. As a result, some assets are tested individually for impairment and some are tested at cash 
generating unit level.
Impairment tests are performed when indicators as described in IAS 36 are identified. In addition, indicators such as a lack of funding or farm-out 
options for a licence which is approaching termination or the implied value of a farm-out transaction are considered as indicators of impairment.
An impairment loss is recognised and charged to cost of sales for the amount by which the asset’s or cash generating unit’s carrying amount 
exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of fair value, reflecting market conditions less costs to sell, and value 
in use based on an internal discounted cash flow evaluation. All assets are subsequently reassessed for indications that an impairment loss 
previously recognised may no longer exist or have decreased. A previously recognised impairment loss is reversed only if there has been 
a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset’s or cash generating unit’s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was 
recognised. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset or cash generating unit does not exceed either its recoverable 
amount, or the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation/amortisation, had no impairment loss been recognised 
for the asset or cash generating unit in prior years. Such a reversal is credited to cost of sales.
Property, plant and equipment
Items of property, plant and equipment are initially recognised at cost. As well as the purchase price, cost includes directly attributable costs 
and the estimated present value of any future unavoidable costs of dismantling and removing items. The corresponding liability is recognised 
within provisions.
 
 
Financial Statements
Governance
Strategic Report
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
57

1. Accounting policies (continued)
Non-current assets (continued)
Depreciation
All expenditure within tangible non-current assets is depreciated from the commencement of production, on a unit of production basis, which 
is the ratio of oil and gas production in the period to the estimated quantities of proven plus probable commercial reserves at the end of the 
period, plus the production in the period. Costs used in the unit of production calculation comprise the net book value of capitalised costs. 
Changes in the estimates of commercial reserves or future field development costs are dealt with prospectively. 
Furniture and computers are depreciated on a 25% per annum straight line basis.
Reserves
Proven and probable oil and gas reserves are estimated quantities of commercially producible hydrocarbons which the existing geological, 
geophysical and engineering data shows to be recoverable in future years. The proven reserves included herein conform to the definition 
approved by the Society of Petroleum Engineers (“SPE”) and the World Petroleum Congress (“WPC”). The probable and possible reserves 
conform to definitions of probable and possible approved by the SPE/WPC using the deterministic methodology. Reserves used in accounting 
estimates for depreciation are updated periodically to reflect management’s view of reserves in conjunction with third party formal reports. 
Reserves are reviewed at the time of formal updates or as a consequence of operational performance, plans and the business environment at 
that time.
Reserves are adjusted in the year that formal updates are undertaken or as a consequence of operational performance and plans, and the 
business environment at that time, with any resulting changes not applied retrospectively. 
Future decommissioning costs
A provision for decommissioning is recognised in full at the point that the Group has an obligation to decommission an appraisal, development 
or producing well. A corresponding non-current asset (included within producing fields in note 12) of an amount equivalent to the provision is 
also created. The amount recognised is the estimated cost of decommissioning, discounted to its net present value and is reassessed each 
year in accordance with local conditions and requirements. The discount rate used is the risk-free rate, adjusted for risks that are not already 
included in the forecast cash flows. For producing wells, the asset is subsequently depreciated as part of the capital costs of production 
facilities within tangible non-current assets, on a unit of production basis. Any decommissioning obligation in respect of a pre-production  
asset is carried forward as part of its cost and tested annually for impairment in accordance with the above policy.
Changes in the estimates of commercial reserves or decommissioning cost estimates are dealt with prospectively by recording an adjustment 
to the provision, and a corresponding adjustment to the decommissioning asset. The unwinding of the discount on the decommissioning 
provision is included within finance expense.
Acquisitions of exploration licences 
Acquisitions of exploration licences through acquisition of non-operational corporate structures that do not represent a business, and therefore 
do not meet the definition of a business combination, are accounted for as the acquisition of an asset. Related future consideration that is 
contingent is not recognised as an asset or liability until the contingent event has occurred.
Taxation
Current tax is the tax payable based on taxable profit/(loss) for the year.
Deferred income taxes are calculated using the balance sheet liability method on temporary differences. Deferred tax is generally provided on 
the difference between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases. However, deferred tax is not provided on the initial 
recognition of goodwill, nor on the initial recognition of an asset or liability unless the related transaction is a business combination or affects 
tax or accounting profit. Deferred tax on temporary differences associated with shares in subsidiaries and joint ventures is not provided if 
reversal of these temporary differences can be controlled by the Group and it is probable that reversal will not occur in the foreseeable future. 
Tax losses available to be carried forward as well as other income tax credits to the Group are assessed for recognition as deferred tax assets.
Deferred tax liabilities are provided in full, with no discounting. Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that 
the underlying deductible temporary difference will be able to be offset against future taxable income. Current and deferred tax assets 
and liabilities are calculated at tax rates that are expected to apply to their respective period of realisation, provided they are enacted or 
substantively enacted at the reporting date.
Changes in deferred tax assets or liabilities are recognised as a component of tax expense in the statement of comprehensive income, except 
where they relate to items that are charged or credited directly to equity in which case the related deferred tax is also charged or credited directly to equity.
Foreign currency
The Group and Company prepare their financial statements in Sterling. 
Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the rates of exchange ruling at the date of the transaction. Monetary assets 
and liabilities in foreign currencies are translated at the rates of exchange ruling at the reporting date. Non-monetary items that are measured  
at historical cost in a foreign currency are translated at the exchange rate at the date of transaction. Non-monetary items that are measured at 
fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date the fair value was determined.
Any exchange differences arising on the settlement of items or on translating items at rates different from those at which they were initially 
recorded are recognised in the statement of comprehensive income in the period in which they arise. Exchange differences on non-monetary 
items are recognised in the statement of changes in equity to the extent that they relate to a gain or loss on that non-monetary item taken to 
the statement of changes in equity, otherwise such gains and losses are recognised in the statement of comprehensive income.
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
58

1. Accounting policies (continued)
Foreign currency (continued)
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc is domiciled in the UK, which is its primary economic environment, and the Company’s functional currency  
is Sterling. The Group’s current operations are based in the UK and Ireland and the functional currencies of the Group’s entities are the 
prevailing local currencies in each jurisdiction. Given that the functional currency of the Company is Sterling, management has elected to 
continue to present the consolidated financial statements of the Group and Company in Sterling.
Investments
Investments, which are only investments in subsidiaries, are carried at cost less any impairment. Additions include the net value of share 
options issued to employees of subsidiary companies less any lapsed, unvested options.
Financial instruments 
Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised in the statement of financial position when the Group becomes a party to the contractual 
provisions of the instrument. 
Financial assets
Financial assets are classified as either financial assets at amortised cost, at fair value through other comprehensive income (“FVTOCI”) or at 
fair value through profit or loss (“FVPL”) depending upon the business model for managing the financial assets and the nature of the contractual 
cash flow characteristics of the financial asset.
A loss allowance for expected credit losses is determined for all financial assets, other than those at FVPL, at the end of each reporting 
period. The Group applies a simplified approach to measure the credit loss allowance for trade receivables using the lifetime expected credit 
loss provision. The lifetime expected credit loss is evaluated for each trade receivable taking into account payment history, payments made 
subsequent to year end and prior to reporting, past default experience and the impact of any other relevant and current observable data. The 
Group applies a general approach on all other receivables classified as financial assets. The general approach recognises lifetime expected 
credit losses when there has been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition.
The Group derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or when it transfers the financial 
asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another party. The Group derecognises financial liabilities when 
the Group’s obligations are discharged, cancelled or have expired.
Fair value through other comprehensive income
The Group has a number of strategic investments in listed and unlisted entities which are not accounted for as subsidiaries, associates or 
jointly controlled entities. For those investments, the Group has made an irrevocable election to classify the investments at fair value through 
other comprehensive income rather than through profit or loss as the Group considers this measurement to be the most representative of 
the business model for these assets. They are carried at fair value with changes in fair value recognised in other comprehensive income 
and accumulated in the fair value through other comprehensive income reserve. Upon disposal any balance within fair value through other 
comprehensive income reserve is reclassified directly to retained earnings and is not reclassified to profit or loss.
Dividends are recognised in profit or loss, unless the dividend clearly represents a recovery of part of the cost of the investment, in which  
case the full or partial amount of the dividend is recorded against the associated investment’s carrying amount.
Purchases and sales of financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income are recognised on settlement date  
with any change in fair value between trade date and settlement date being recognised in the fair value through other comprehensive  
income reserve.
Amortised cost
This category is the most relevant to the Company. Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable 
payments that are not quoted in an active market. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in a separate line in the income 
statement. This category generally applies to trade and other receivables.
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents are carried at cost and include all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less. 
Restricted cash are those amounts held by third parties on behalf of the Group and are not available for the Group’s use; these are recognised 
separately from cash and cash equivalents on the balance sheet.
Financial liabilities
The classification of financial liabilities at initial recognition depends on the purpose for which the financial liability was issued and its 
characteristics. All purchases of financial liabilities are recorded on the trade date, being the date on which the Group becomes party to the 
contractual requirements of the financial liability. Unless otherwise indicated the carrying amounts of the Group’s financial liabilities approximate 
to their fair values. The Group’s financial liabilities consist of financial liabilities measured at amortised cost and financial liabilities at fair value 
through profit or loss.
Trade and other payables 
Trade and other payables are initially recorded at fair value and subsequently carried at amortised cost. 
Derecognition of financial liabilities
A financial liability (in whole or in part) is derecognised when the Group has extinguished its contractual obligations, it expires or is cancelled. 
 
 
Financial Statements
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59

Any gain or loss on derecognition is taken to the statement of comprehensive income.
1. Accounting policies (continued)
Treatment of finance costs
All finance costs are expensed through the income statement. The Group does not incur any finance costs that qualify for capitalisation.
Defined contribution pension schemes
The pension costs charged against profits are the contributions payable to the scheme in respect of the accounting period.
Inventories
Inventories comprise oil in tanks stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost is determined by reference to the actual cost  
of production in the period.
Share-based payments
All goods and services received in exchange for the grant of any share-based payment are measured at their fair values. Where employees  
are rewarded using share-based payments, the fair values of employees’ services are determined indirectly by reference to the fair value  
of the instrument granted to the employee. This fair value is appraised at the grant date and excludes the impact of non-market vesting 
conditions (for example, profitability and sales growth targets).
All equity-settled share-based payments are ultimately recognised as an expense in the statement of comprehensive income with a 
corresponding credit to reserves. Where options over the parent Company’s shares are granted to employees of subsidiaries of the parent, the 
charge is recognised in the statement of comprehensive income of the subsidiary. In the parent Company accounts there is an increase in the 
cost of the investment in the subsidiary receiving the benefit. 
If vesting periods or other non-market vesting conditions apply, the expense is allocated over the vesting period, based on the best available estimate 
of the number of share options expected to vest. Estimates are subsequently revised if there is any indication that the number of share options 
expected to vest differs from previous estimates. Any cumulative adjustment prior to vesting is recognised in the current period. No adjustment 
is made to any expense recognised in prior periods if the number of share options ultimately exercised is different to that initially estimated.
Upon exercise of share options, the proceeds received, net of attributable transaction costs, are credited to share capital, and where 
appropriate share premium.
Critical accounting judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty
Details of the Group’s significant accounting judgements and critical accounting estimates are set out in these financial statements and include:
Critical accounting judgements
	
^ Carrying value of intangible assets (note 11) – carrying values are justified with reference to indicators of impairment as set out in IFRS 6. 
Based on judgements at 31 July 2024 there was £4,968k write off (2023: £1,686k). On 13 September 2024 the Company announced that 
it does not intend to apply to the North Sea Transition Authority for an extension to the Serenity licence, which expired on 30 September 
2024. The directors considered this an adjusting event in relation to the year ended 31 July 2024 and as a result, the incurred costs 
associated with Serenity that the Company has capitalised on its balance sheet were written off. 
	
The Phase 1 period of the FEL 4/19 licence was extended on 29 January 2024 for a further period until 31 January 2026. The impairment 	
	
indicator in relation to the near-term expiry date of the licence that existed as at 31 July 2023 no longer existed as at 31 January 2024.
	
^ Carrying value of investment in joint venture (note 13a) – the investment in Antler Global Limited was assessed to establish whether the 
investment may be impaired with consideration of the principles in IAS28 and IAS36. In making this assessment management applies 
judgement to evaluate both external and internal sources of information, including the financial performance of the joint venture, market 
conditions, changes in the operating environment in which the joint venture operates and other relevant factors. Based on the current 
review, the directors have not identified any indicators of impairment in relation to this investment in the joint venture as at 31 July 2024.
Critical accounting estimates
	
^ Carrying value of property, plant and equipment (note 12) – carrying values are justified by reference to future estimates of cash flows, 
discounted at appropriate rates. The directors estimate variables such as reserves volumes, future oil prices, future capital and operating 
expenditure and discount rates. The directors rely on third party formal reports and historical reservoir performance to establish the 
appropriate reserves volumes and production profiles to use in estimating future cash flows. Future costs are based on internal or joint venture 
budgets, and discount rates are estimated with reference to applicable external and internal data sources. The directors utilise management’s 
view on external analyst datasets in relation to oil and gas price forecasts. At 31 July 2024 there was an net impairment of £189k of producing 
assets, comprising mainly the impairment of workover costs incurred in relation to the Crosby Warren field (2023: £177k impairment reversal). 
	
^ Deferred taxation (note 20) – assumptions regarding the future profitability of the Group and whether the deferred tax assets will be recovered.
	
^ Decommissioning provision (note 21) – inflation and discount rate estimates (3% and 10% respectively) are used in calculating the provision, 
along with third party estimates of remediation costs.
	
^ Share-based payments (note 23) – measurement of the fair value of options granted uses valuation techniques where active market quotes are not  
available. This involves developing estimates and assumptions consistent with how market participants would price the instrument. Management 
bases its assumptions on observable data as far as possible but this is not always available. In that case, management uses the best information 
available. Estimated fair values may vary from the actual prices that would be achieved in an arm’s length transaction at the reporting date.
	
^ Reserves and resources (note 12) – reserves and resources are estimated based on management’s view and third-party formal reports and 
these estimates directly impact the recoverability of asset carrying values that are reported in the financial statements. 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
60

2. Operating segment analysis
In the opinion of the directors the Group has four reportable segments as reported to the chief executive officer, being the UK, Ireland and  
West Africa. 
The reporting on these segments to management focuses on revenue, operating costs and capital expenditure. The impact of such criteria is 
discussed further in the Chairman’s statement and the Strategic Report of this Annual Report. 
Income statement for the year ended 31 July 2024
UK
£000
Ireland
£000
 West Africa
£000
Total
£000
Revenue
3,566
–
–
3,566
Cost of sales
(3,117)
–
–
(3,117)
Impairment of producing fields
(189)
–
–
(189)
Cost of sales
(3,306)
–
–
(3,306)
Gross profit
260
–
–
260
Exploration impairment
(4,968)
–
–
 (4,968)
Administrative expenses
(1,855)
–
–
(1,855)
Share of loss from joint venture
–
–
(2)
(2)
Finance income
222
1
–
223
Finance costs
(439)
–
–
(439)
Loss before tax
(6,780)
1
(2)
(6,781)
Taxation
–
–
–
–
Loss for the year
(6,780)
1
(2)
(6,781)
Segmental assets and liabilities as at 31 July 2024
UK
£000
Ireland
£000
West Africa
£’000
Total
£000
Non-current assets
2,127
2,465
2,406
6,998
Current assets
2,781
–
–
2,781
Total assets
4,908
2,465
2,406
9,779
Non-current liabilities
(4,613)
–
–
(4,613)
Current liabilities
(1,081)
(19)
(287)
(1,387)
Total liabilities
(5,694)
(19)
(287)
(6,000)
Other segment items
Capital expenditure – cash flow
882
283
2,138
3,303
Depreciation
781
–
–
781
Share-based payments
98
–
–
98
 
 
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Governance
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2. Operating segment analysis (continued)
Income statement for the year ended 31 July 2023
UK
£000
Ireland
£000
Morocco
£000
New ventures
£000
Total
£000
Revenue
6,653
–
–
–
6,653
Cost of sales
(3,448)
–
–
–
(3,448)
Impairment of producing fields
177
–
–
–
177
Cost of sales
(3,271)
–
–
–
(3,271)
Gross profit
3,382
–
–
–
3,382
Exploration impairment
–
–
 (1,686)
 -
 (1,686)
Administrative expenses
(2,078)
227
–
(21)
(1,872)
Finance income
(4)
4
9
–
9
Finance costs
(717)
–
–
–
(717)
Loss before tax
582
232
(1,677)
(21)
(884)
Taxation
32
–
–
–
32
Loss for the year
615
231
(1,677)
(21)
 (852)
Segmental assets and liabilities as at 31 July 2023
UK
£000
Ireland
£000
Morocco
£000
New ventures
£000
Total
£000
Non-current assets
7,380
2,183
–
–
9,563
Current assets
6,077
–
–
–
6,077
Total assets
13,457
2,183
–
–
15,640
Non-current liabilities
(4,380)
–
–
–
(4,380)
Current liabilities
(762)
(19)
–
–
(781)
Total liabilities
(5,142)
(19)
–
–
(5,161)
Other segment items
Capital expenditure – cash flow
4,925
387
299
–
5,611
Depreciation
1,133
–
–
–
1,133
Share-based payments
48
–
–
–
48
100% of the total revenue (2023: 100%) relates to UK-based customers. Of this figure, one end customer (2023: one) commands more than 
95% of the total, including sales made through operators to the end customer. UK revenue by site was as follows: West Firsby £445,000 (2023: 
£489,000); Crosby Warren £264,000 (2023: £447,000); Whisby £202,000 (2023: £387,000); and Wressle £2,559,000 (2023: £5,330,000). 
Recharges of costs to Antler Global Limited of £96,000 (2023: £nil) is included within revenue and is not eliminated.
The positive value for administrative expenditure in the Ireland segment in 2023 relates to the reversal of certain accrued licence expenditure 
which had previously been impaired.
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
62

3. Profit/loss before taxation
Profit/loss before taxation is stated after charging/(crediting):
Note
2024
£000
2023
£000
Depreciation and amortisation on property, plant and equipment
12
781
1,133
Staff costs including directors
5
1,468
1,371
Diesel
131
174
Business rates
41
37
Site safety and security
97
98
Exploration impairment
11
4,968
1,686
Impairment/impairment reversal
12
189
(177)
Fees payable to the auditor for the audit
80
78
Operating leases – land and buildings
77
44
Foreign exchange (gain)/loss
(208)
264
4. Directors’ emoluments
Directors’ total emoluments for the Group and the Company are set out in the tables below for the current and comparative years.
Salaries 
and fees
£000
BIK
£000
Pensions
£000
Share-based 
payments
£000
Total 
2024
£000
BJ O’Cathain 
48
–
–
–
48
SG Oddie (resigned 23 November 2023)
11
1
–
–
12
S Williams (resigned 23 November 2023)
11
–
–
–
11
W Holland
263
3
20
49
335
A Stuart
198
6
16
22
242
S Ashby-Rudd (appointed 20 December 2023)
27
–
–
–
27
E Rowley (appointed 8 April 2024)
13
–
–
13
571
10
36
71
688
Salaries 
and fees
£000
BIK
£000
Pensions
£000
Share-based 
payments
£000
Total 
2023
£000
CW Ahlefeldt-Laurvig (resigned 27 April 2023)
18
2
–
–
20
BJ O’Cathain 
44
5
–
1
50
SG Oddie
344
47
–
4
395
S Williams
33
3
–
1
37
W Holland
230
32
18
38
318
A Stuart (appointed 3 April 2023)
53
7
5
–
65
722
96
23
44
885
Pension charges represent premiums paid to money purchase pension plans during the year. Share-based payments charges represent the 
accounting charge in respect of share options. No share options were exercised during the period (2023: none).
 
 
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5. Employee information
Average monthly number of employees including directors – Group
2024
Number
2023
Number
Management and technical
8
7
Field exploration and production
4
5
12
12
Staff costs – Group
2024
£000
2023
£000
Wages and salaries (including directors’ emoluments)
1,155
1,133
Social security
136
137
Pensions
79
53
Share-based payments (note 21)
98
48
1,468
1,371
Average monthly number of employees including directors – Company
2024
Number
2023
Number
Management and technical
8
7
8
7
Staff costs – Company
2024
£000
2023
£000
Wages and salaries (including directors’ emoluments)
885
881
Social security
103
113
Pensions
63
37
Share-based payments
98
48
1,149
1,079
6. Finance income
2024
£000
2023
£000
Bank interest received
15
9
Foreign exchange gains
208
–
223
9
7. Finance expense
2024
£000
2023
£000
Unwinding of discount on decommissioning provision (note 19)
437
416
Foreign exchange loss
–
264
Other finance expense
2
37
439
717
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
64

8. Taxation
2024
£000
2023
£000
Movement in deferred tax asset (note 18)
(2,102)
1,503
Movement in deferred tax liability (note 18)
2,102
(1,503)
Current tax – UK
–
32
Tax credit/(expense)
–
32
UK corporation tax is calculated at 40% (2023: 40%) of the estimated assessable profit for the year being the applicable rate for a ring-fence 
trade including the Supplementary Charge of 10%. From 24 May 2022 a new UK tax, the Excess Profits Levy (“EPL”) applies to the Group, and 
it is levied at 25% of assessable EPL profits for the period from 26 May 2022 to 31 December 2022, and at 35% from 1 January 2023 onwards. 
The proposed increase to the rate of EPL to 38% had not yet been substantially enacted as at the reporting date.
2024
£000
2023
£000
(Loss)/profit before tax
(6,781)
(884)
Tax reconciliation
Loss multiplied by the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK including  
Supplementary Charge of 40% (2023: 40%)
(2,712)
(354)
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes
2,581
1,003
Deferred tax asset not recognised
113
192
Accelerated capital allowances
(169)
(1,802)
Taxed at a different rate
(121)
(3,995)
Losses carried forward
949
5,172
Previously unrecognised tax losses utilised
(641)
(266)
Prior year adjustment
–
18
Total tax (credit)/expense
–
(32)
9. Other comprehensive income 
2024
£000
2023
£000
Profit on sale of investment
–
5
On 8 May 2019, the Group disposed of its interest in PEDL143 to UK Oil & Gas Plc (“UKOG”) for consideration of 25,951,557 UKOG shares. At the 
time of the sale the shares were worth 1.156p each, resulting in a total value of £300,000. An irrevocable election was made to record gains and 
losses arising on the shares as Other Comprehensive Income. The investment was revalued at the year-end 2022 to £24,000 (0.09p per share) 
and was sold during 2023 for £29,000 (0.11p per share).
10. Earnings per share 
Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) has been calculated on the (loss)/profit after taxation divided by the weighted average number of shares in 
issue during the period. Diluted EPS uses an average number of shares adjusted to allow for the issue of shares on the assumed conversion  
of all in the money options. 
As the Group made a loss from continuing operations in the year, any potentially dilutive instruments were considered to be anti-dilutive. 
Therefore, the diluted EPS is equal to the basic EPS for the year. As at 31 July 2024 there were nil (2023: 19,724,154) potentially dilutive 
instruments in issue related to “in the money” options.
The calculation of the basic and diluted earnings per share is based on the following:
2024
£000
2023
£000
Loss for the year attributable to the equity shareholders of the parent
(6,781)
(852)
Weighted average number of shares
For the purposes of basic EPS
959,184,178
958,804,515
For the purpose of diluted EPS
959,184,178
958,804,515
 
 
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11. Intangible assets 
Intangible assets – Group
2024
£000
2023
£000
At 1 August
7,146
3,785
Additions
486
5,047
Exploration impairment
(4,968)
(1,686)
At 31 July
2,664
7,146
	
Intangible assets comprise the Group’s pre-production expenditure on licence interests as follows:
2024
£000
2023
£000
Ireland FEL 4/19 (Inishkea)
2,444
2,166
UK PEDL181
–
112
UK PEDL182 (Broughton North)
35
34
UK PEDL343 (Cloughton)
185
108
Serenity
–
4,726
Total
2,664
7,146
	
Exploration impairment
2024
£000
2023
£000
Morocco (Inezgane)
–
(1,686)
Serenity
(4,871)
–
PEDL 181
(97)
–
On 13 September 2024 the Company announced that it does not intend to apply to the North Sea Transition Authority for an extension to the 
Serenity licence, which expired on 30 September 2024. The directors considered this an adjusting event in relation to the year ended 31 July 
2024 and as a result, the incurred costs associated with Serenity that the Company has capitalised on its balance sheet were written off. Details 
of commitments are included in note 23.
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
66

12. Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment – Group
Furniture & 
computers
£000
Producing 
fields
£000
Right of 
use assets
£000
Total
£000
Cost
At 31 July 2022
18
15,714
67
15,799
Additions
38
290
24
352
At 31 July 2023
56
16,004
91
16,151
Additions
21
460
–
481
At 31 July 2024
77
16,464
91
16,632
Depreciation, depletion and impairment
At 31 July 2022
4
12,723
51
12,778
Charge for year
24
1,090
19
1,133
Impairment reversal in year
–
(177)
–
(177)
At 31 July 2023
28
13,636
70
13,734
Charge for year
20
753
8
781
Impairment in year
–
189
–
189
At 31 July 2024
48
14,578
78
14,704
Net book value
At 31 July 2022
14
2,991
16
3,021
At 31 July 2023
28
2,368
21
2,417
At 31 July 2024
29
1,886
13
1,928
The producing fields referred to in the table above are the production assets of the Group, namely the oilfields at Wressle, Crosby Warren and 
West Firsby, and the Group’s interest in the Whisby W4 well.
The carrying value of each producing field was tested for impairment by comparing the carrying value with the value-in-use. The value-in-use 
was calculated using a discounted cash flow model with production decline rates based on engineering estimates and recent production 
experience. Brent crude price was based on the Quarter 3 ERCE forward curve, which assumes an average oil price per barrel in the table 
below. For years after 2033 a 2% inflation factor was applied.
Year
Price
Year
Price
Year
Price
2024
 $83.80 
2028
 $82.00
2032
 $89.00
2025
 $81.70 
2029
 $83.00
2033
 $90.00
2026
 $79.00 
2030
 $85.00
2027
 $80.00
2031
 $87.00
	
The post-tax discount rate of 10% (pre-tax 16.67%) is high because of the applicable rates of tax in the UK. Cash flows were projected over the 
expected life of the fields which is expected to be longer than five years. 
Based on the assumptions set out above, an impairment of £189k of producing assets, comprising mainly of the impairment of workover costs 
incurred in relation to the Crosby Warren field (2023: impairment reversal of £177,000) was required. The recoverable amount was calculated at 
a discount rate of 10% (2023: 10%).
.
 
 
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12. Property, plant and equipment (continued)
Sensitivity to key assumption changes
Variations to the key assumptions used in the value-in-use calculation, as outlined above, would cause impairment of the producing fields as follows: 
Impairment of 
producing fields 
£000
Production decline rate
+10%
–
-10%
–
Brent crude price per barrel
$65 flat
–
$55 flat
–
Pre-tax discount rate 
20%
–
25%
–
None of the variations result in an impairment individually. 
Property, plant and equipment – Company
Furniture & 
computers
£000
Right of 
use assets
£000
Total
£000
Cost
At 31 July 2022
18
37
55
Additions
37
24
61
At 31 July 2023
55
61
116
Additions
14
–
14
At 31 July 2024
69
61
130
Depreciation
At 31 July 2022
4
25
29
Charge for year
24
14
38
At 31 July 2023
28
39
67
Charge for year
18
8
26
At 31 July 2024
46
47
93
Net book value
At 31 July 2022
14
12
26
At 31 July 2023
27
22
49
At 31 July 2024
23
14
37
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
68

13. Investments 
13a) Investment in joint ventures
Group
Company
2024
£000
2023
£000
2024
£000
2023
£000
Investment in Antler Global Limited
2,406
–
2,425
–
On 20 December 2023, the Company completed the acquisition of an interest of 42.9% in Antler Global Limited (“Antler”) by way of a 
subscription for 750,000 new ordinary shares for a total cash consideration of US$3,000,000 (£2,353,000). The consideration is payable in  
four instalments over a period between the completion date and 1 October 2024 according to the following schedule:
US$000
GBP£000
Five business days post completion
1,927
1,511
1 April 2024
387
304
1 July 2024
317
249
1 October 2024
369
289
Total
3,000
2,353
Antler is a special purpose entity which on the date of the subscription for shares by the Company held no identifiable assets, apart from the 
interest in licence EG-08 offshore Equatorial Guinea, and no identifiable liabilities. The investment has been initially recognised at the value of 
the purchase price and direct incremental transaction costs of £72,000 for a total investment value of £2,425,000. During the period after the 
investment by the Company Antler has been engaged in exploration activities, the costs of which have been capitalised as intangible assets 
resulting in an immaterial charge to its statement of comprehensive income. Summarised financial information for Antler at 31 July 2024 is 
included below:
31 July 2024
£000
Summarised balance sheet
Current assets
981
Non-current assets
4,623
Current liabilities
(158)
Net assets
5,446
Company % interest in Antler
42.857%
Company share of net assets
2,334
31 July 2024
£000
Summarised statement of comprehensive income
Revenue
–
Loss from continuing operations
(2)
Total comprehensive loss
(2)
 
 
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13. Investments (continued)
13b) Investments in subsidiaries – Company
2024
£000
2023
£000
At 1 August
2,343
2,343
Current year additions
–
–
At 31 July
2,343
2,343
The Company’s investments at the reporting date include 100% of the share capital in the following unlisted companies:
	
^ Europa Oil & Gas Limited, which undertakes oil and gas exploration, development and production in the UK.
	
^ Europa Oil & Gas (West Firsby) Limited, which is non-trading.
	
^ Europa Oil & Gas (Ireland West) Limited, which previously held the interest in the FEL 2/13 licence.
	
^ Europa Oil & Gas (Ireland East) Limited, which previously held the interest in the FEL 3/13 and FEL 1/17 licences. 
	
^ Europa Oil & Gas (Inishkea) Limited, which holds the interest in the FEL 4/19 and previously held the interest in FEL 3/19 licences.
	
^ Europa Oil & Gas (New Ventures) Limited, which previously held the interest in the Moroccan licence.
All six companies are registered in England and Wales, all having their registered office at 30 Newman Street, London W1T 1PT.
The results of the six companies have been included in the consolidated accounts. 
Europa Oil & Gas Limited owns 100% of the ordinary share capital of Europa Oil & Gas (UK) Limited (registered in England and Wales  
with registered office at 30 Newman Street, London W1T 1PT and is non-trading).
14. Inventories – Group
2024
£000
2023
£000
Oil in tanks
9
19
15. Trade and other receivables 	
Group
Company
2024
£000
2023
£000
2024
£000
2023
£000
Current trade and other receivables
Trade receivables
1,002
556
133
–
Other receivables
33
103
12
30
Corporation tax receivable
50
50
–
–
Prepayments
224
184
91
99
1,309
893
236
129
Non-current other receivables
Owed by Group undertakings (note 22)
–
–
5,502
22,143
16. Trade and other payables 
Group
Company
2024
£000
2023
£000
2024
£000
2023
£000
Current trade and other payables
Trade payables
140
454
61
175
Lease liabilities
6
10
6
8
Other payables
1,241
317
369
67
1,387
781
436
250
Non-current trade and other payables
Lease liabilities
 6
 12
 6
 12
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
70

17. Leases
Group
Company
2024
£000
2023
£000
2024
£000
2023
£000
Amounts recognised in the statement of comprehensive income:
Interest on right of use liabilities
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
Amounts recognised in the statement of cash flows:
Repayment of lease liabilities – principal
(7)
(20)
(7)
(15)
Repayment of lease liabilities – interest
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
Maturity analysis (undiscounted):
Amounts due within 1 year
(6)
(9)
(6)
(8)
Amounts due after more than 1 year & less than 5 years
(6)
(12)
(6)
(12)
Amounts due after more than 5 years
–
–
–
–
	
	
	
The Group’s right of use asset comprises the lease of one vehicle (note 12). The corresponding lease liability for the right to use leased asset is 
included within trade and other payables in the statement of financial position (note 17).
18. Deferred tax – Group 
2024
£000
2023
£000
Recognised deferred tax asset:
As at 1 August 
–
–
Charged to statement of comprehensive income
–
–
At 31 July 
–
–
The Group has a deferred tax liability of £833,000 (2023: £2,935,000) arising from accelerated capital allowances and a deferred tax asset of 
£833,000 (2023: £2,935,000) arising from trading losses which will be utilised against future taxable profits. These were offset against each 
other resulting in a £nil net asset/liability (2023: £nil net asset/liability). This offsetting was required because the Group settles current tax assets 
and liabilities on a net basis. 
Non-recognised long-term deferred tax asset
The Group has a non-recognised deferred tax asset of £11.8 million (2023: £7.3 million), which arises in relation to ring-fenced UK trading losses 
of £14.4 million (2023: £13.1 million), STC losses (including investment allowances) of £14.3 million (2023: £13.1 million), non-ring-fenced UK trading 
losses of £11.7 million (2023: £11.7 million), EPL losses of £5.8 million (2023: £4.1) and subsidiary losses and carried forward capital expenditure of 
£7.9 million (2023: £7.3 million) that have not been recognised in the accounts as the timing of the utilisation of the losses is considered uncertain. 
No deferred tax assets or liabilities are recognised in the Company. 
 
 
Financial Statements
Governance
Strategic Report
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
71

19. Provisions – Group
Decommissioning provisions are based on third-party estimates of work which will be required and the judgement of directors. By their nature, 
timing and the detailed scope of work required are uncertain. 
Long-term provisions
2024
£000
2023
£000
As at 1 August
4,368
4,164
Charged to statement of comprehensive income (note 7)
437
416
Change in estimated phasing of cash flows
(198)
(212)
At 31 July
4,607
4,368
The change in the estimated decommissioning provision resulted mainly from a reassessment of the estimated timings of when such 
decommissioning activities are undertaken at the end of their economic lives.
Sensitivity to key assumption changes
Variations to the key assumptions used in the decommissioning provision estimates would cause increases/(reductions) to the provision as follows: 
Further 
decommissioning 
provision 
£000
Inflation rate (current assumption 3%)
2%
(716)
5%
836
Discount rate (current assumption 10%)
5%
1,549
15%
(1,102)
 
No provisions have been recognised in the Company. 
20. Called up share capital
2024
£000
2023
£000
Allotted, called up and fully paid ordinary shares of 1p
At 1 August 2023: 959,184,193 shares (1 August 2022: 956,466,985)
9,592
9,565
Issued in the year: nil shares (2023: 2,717,193 shares)
–
27
At 31 July 2024: 959,184,178 shares (2023: 959,184,178)
9,592
9,592
The following describes the purpose of each reserve within owners’ equity:
Reserve 
Description and purpose
Share premium
Amount subscribed for share capital in excess of nominal value
Merger reserve
Reserve created on issue of shares on acquisition of subsidiaries in prior years
Retained deficit
Cumulative net gains and losses recognised in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income
Foreign currency translation reserve 
(“FCTR”)
Component of equity that arises from the translation of foreign operations’ financial statements into the 
reporting currency of the parent entity
21. Share-based payments 
The Group operates an approved Enterprise Management Incentive (“EMI”) share option scheme for employees and an unapproved scheme 
for grants in excess of EMI limits and for non-employees. Both schemes are equity-settled share-based payments as defined in IFRS 2 Share-
based payments. A recognised valuation methodology is employed to determine the fair value of options granted as set out in the standard. 
The charge incurred relating to these options is recognised within operating costs. 
Combined information for the two schemes operated by the Group is set out below.
There are 60,265,474 ordinary 1p share options/warrants outstanding (2023: 41,550,628). 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
72

21. Share-based payments (continued)
These are held as follows: 
Holder
31 July 
2024
31 July 
2023
B O’Cathain
–
2,950,000
S Oddie
–
9,200,000
S Williams
–
2,500,000
W Holland
20,000,000
7,721,000
A Stuart
15,000,000
–
Employees of the Group
15,840,000
3,800,000
Consultants and advisers
9,425,474
15,379,628
Total
60,265,474
41,550,628
The fair values of options were determined using a Black Scholes Merton model or, in the case of those issued to advisers as part of the share 
issue, the fair value was deemed to be the share issue price. Volatility is based on the Company’s share price volatility since flotation. 
During the year Company cancelled 13,191,000 existing EMI options (“Historical EMI Options”) and replaced them with 50,000,000 new EMI 
options. As the new EMI options were in part to replace the Historical EMI Options, this grant constitutes a “modification” and as such there is 
no acceleration of the costs related to the cancelled options, but instead the incremental fair value of the new EMI options is estimated and 
recognised over the period of the new options, with the expense relating to the original (cancelled) options continuing to be recognised over 
the remainder of the original vesting period. 
In total 14,114,154 options expired and 17,171,000 were cancelled, inclusive of the Historical EMI Options (2023: 6,520,000 granted, 2,280,000 
expired, 1,180,000 forfeited, and 2,717,193 exercised).  
2024 
Number 
of options
2024 
Average 
exercise price
2023 
Number 
of options
2023 
Average 
exercise price
Outstanding at the start of the year
41,550,628
2.04p
41,207,821
2.23p
Granted – employees/directors
50,000,000
1.08p
6,520,000
1.14p
Exercised
–
(2,717,193)
1.80p
Expired
(14,114,154)
1.35p
(2,280,000)
2.31p
Forfeited
–
(1,180,000)
3.66p
Cancelled
(17,171,000)
2.70p
Outstanding at the end of the year
60,265,474
1.21p
41,550,628
2.04p
Exercisable at the end of the year
10,145,474
1.82p
23,599,628
1.56p
The 50,000,000 new EMI options granted in January 2024 vest in three years, and are exercisable conditional upon the Europa Oil & Gas 
(Holdings) plc volume weighted average share price over the last 20 trading days prior to the Vesting Date to be greater than or equal to  
1.25 times the volume weighted average share price over the last 20 trading days prior to the Grant Date, and expire on the tenth anniversary 
of the grant date. The inputs used to determine their values are detailed in the table:
Grant date
17 January 2024
Number of options
50,000,000
Share price at grant
1.025p
Exercise price
1.075p
Volatility
70.81%
Dividend yield
Nil
Risk free investment rate
4.02%
Option life in years
10
Fair value per option
0.8p
Based on the fair values above, the charge arising from employee share options was £98,000 (2023: £48,000). The charge relating to non-
employee share options was £nil (2023: £nil). The charge allocated directly to equity, relating to the issue of options on the issue of share 
capital, was £nil (2023: £nil).
Share options/warrants outstanding at the end of the period have exercise prices ranging from 1.075p to 8p and the weighted average 
remaining contractual life at the end of the period was 8 years (2023: 2.7 years).
 
 
Financial Statements
Governance
Strategic Report
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
73

22. Financial instruments 
The Group’s and Company’s financial instruments comprise cash and cash equivalents, bank borrowings, loans, and items such as trade and 
other receivables and trade and other payables which arise directly from its operations. Europa’s activities are subject to a range of financial 
risks, the main ones being credit; liquidity; interest rates; commodity prices; foreign exchange; and capital. These risks are managed through 
ongoing review considering the operational, business and economic circumstances at that time.
Financial assets – Group
Amortised cost
2024
£000
Amortised cost
2023
£000
Fair value 
through other 
comprehensive 
income
2024
£000
Fair value 
through other 
comprehensive 
income
2023
£000
Trade and other receivables 
1,085
709
–
–
Cash and cash equivalents
1,463
5,165
–
–
Total financial assets
2,548
5,874
–
–
Financial assets – Company
Amortised cost
2024
£000
Amortised cost
2023
£000
Fair value 
through other 
comprehensive 
income
2024
£000
Fair value 
through other 
comprehensive 
income
2023
£000
Investments
2,343
2,343
–
–
Amounts due from Group companies
5,502
22,143
–
–
Trade and other receivables 
145
30
–
–
Cash and cash equivalents
164
121
–
–
Total financial assets
8,154
24,637
–
–
Financial liabilities – Group
Amortised cost
2024
£000
Amortised cost
2023
£000
Fair value 
through other 
comprehensive 
income
2024
£000
Fair value 
through other 
comprehensive 
income
2023
£000
Trade and other payables
(1,381)
(771)
–
–
Lease liabilities
(12)
(22)
–
–
Total financial liabilities
(1,393)
(793)
–
–
Financial liabilities – Company
Amortised cost
2024
£000
Amortised cost
2023
£000
Fair value 
through other 
comprehensive 
income
2024
£000
Fair value 
through other 
comprehensive 
income
2023
£000
Trade and other payables
(430)
(242)
–
–
Lease liabilities
(12)
(20)
–
–
Total financial liabilities
(442)
(262)
–
–
Credit risk
The Group is exposed to credit risk as all crude oil production is effectively sold to one multinational oil company. The customer is invoiced 
monthly for the oil delivered to the refinery in the previous month and invoices are generally settled in full within the same month that 
invoices are issued. At 31 July 2024 trade receivables were £1,002,000 (2023: £556,000). The fair value of trade receivables and payables 
approximates to their carrying value because of their short maturity. Any surplus cash is held on short-term deposit with Royal Bank of Scotland. 
The maximum credit exposure in the year was £1,002,000 comprising July 2024 oil sales and recharges to joint ventures (2023 maximum 
exposure: £1,574,000). The Company exposure to third-party credit risk is negligible. The intercompany balances with its subsidiaries have 
been appropriately provided for to account for potential impairments.
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
74

22. Financial instruments (continued)
Liquidity risk
The Company currently has no overdraft or overdraft facility with its bankers. 
The Group and Company monitor their levels of working capital to ensure they can meet liabilities as they fall due. The following table shows 
the contractual maturities (representing the undiscounted cash flows) of the Group’s and Company’s financial liabilities. 
Group
Trade and other payables
Company
Trade and other payables
At 31 July
2024
£000
2023
£000
2024
£000
2023
£000
6 months or less
1,387
781
436
250
Total
1,387
781
436
250
Cash and cash equivalents in both Group and Company are all available at short notice.
Trade and other payables do not normally incur interest charges. There is no difference between the fair value of the trade and other payables 
and their carrying amounts.
Interest rate risk
The Group has no interest-bearing liabilities (note 18) and immaterial leases (note 19). All loans and leases are at fixed rates of interest and the 
Group and Company are not exposed to changes in interest rates. 
Commodity price risk
The selling price of the Group’s production of crude oil is set at a small discount to Brent prices. The table below shows the range of prices 
achieved in the year and the sensitivity of the Group’s loss before taxation (“LBT”) or profit before tax (“PBT”) to such movements in oil price. 
There would be a corresponding increase or decrease to net assets. There is no commodity price risk in the Company.
Oil price
Month
2024 
Price 
US$/bbl
2024 
PBT
 £000
2023 
Price 
US$/bbl
2023 
PBT 
£000
Highest 
April 2024
88.90
250
$98.70
1,227 
Average
82.40
(9)
$83.30
(2)
Lowest 
December 2023
76.60
(239)
$73.40
(791)
Foreign exchange risk
The Group’s production of crude oil is invoiced in US$. Revenue is translated into Sterling using a monthly exchange rate set by reference to 
the market rate. The table below shows the range of average monthly US$ exchange rates used in the year and the sensitivity of the Group’s 
PBT/LBT to similar movements in US$ exchange. There would be a corresponding increase or decrease in net assets.
US Dollar
Month
2024
Rate 
US$/£
2024
PBT 
£000
2023
Rate 
US$/£
2023
PBT 
£000
Highest
July 2024
1.284
(187)
1.286
(410)
Average
1.260
(127)
1.212
(30)
Lowest
October 2023
1.218
(17)
1.117
535 
The table below shows the Group’s currency exposures. Exposures comprise the net financial assets and liabilities of the Group that are not 
denominated in the functional currency.
 Group
 Company
Currency 
Item
2024
£000
2023
£000
2024
£000
2023
£000
Euro
Cash and cash equivalents
2
18 
2
–
Trade and other payables
(5)
(9)
(5)
(9)
US Dollar
Cash and cash equivalents
1,219
5,102 
68
75
Trade and other receivables
–
556
–
–
Trade and other payables
869
(47)
133
(47)
Total
2,085
5,620
198
(19)
 
 
Financial Statements
Governance
Strategic Report
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
75

22. Financial instruments (continued)
Capital risk management
The Group’s objectives when managing capital are to safeguard the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern in order to provide returns 
for shareholders and maintain an optimal capital structure to reduce the cost of capital. The Group defines capital as being the consolidated 
shareholder equity (note 22) and third-party borrowings (£nil at 31 July 2024). The board monitors the level of capital as compared to the 
Group’s long-term debt commitments and adjusts the ratio of debt to capital as is determined to be necessary, by issuing new shares, reducing 
or increasing debt, paying dividends and returning capital to shareholders.
Intercompany loans
The loans to the subsidiaries are not classified as repayable on demand. IFRS 9 requires consideration of the expected credit risk associated 
with the loan. As the subsidiary company does not have any liquid assets to sell to repay the loan, should it be recalled, the conclusion reached 
was that the loan should be categorised as stage 3.
As part of the assessment of expected credit losses of the intercompany loan receivable, the directors have considered the published chance 
of success for Inishkea, and applying the 33% general wildcat exploration success rate, the loans to Europa Oil & Gas Inishkea have thus been 
deemed 67% provided.
The loans to Europa Oil & Gas New Ventures, Europa Oil & Gas (Ireland West) and Europa Oil & Gas (Ireland East) have been provided in full 
due to the relinquishment of the licences held by the subsidiaries.
During the year to 31 July 2024 there has been a decrease in the expected recoverable value of the Group’s Crosby Warren producing asset, 
mainly as a result of a significant reduction in the anticipated water handling revenues connected to the Wressle producing field. The cause of 
this is that updated production simulations from the CPR indicate much reduced water production as the reservoir becomes supported by gas 
break-out. Additionally, the estimated recoverable value of the Wressle producing field was adversely impacted by the reduction in forecast UK 
gas prices during the year. These factors led to an increase in the provisions for impairment that had been made in relation to loans to  
Europa Oil & Gas Ltd. 
The movement in the provision was as follows:
Europa 
Oil & Gas 
Limited
£000
Europa
 Oil & Gas 
(Ireland West) 
Limited
£000
Europa 
Oil & Gas
 (Ireland East)
Limited
£000
Europa 
Oil & Gas 
(Inishkea) 
Limited
£000
Europa 
Oil & Gas 
(New Ventures) 
Limited 
£000
Total
£000
Gross loan balances
Loan balance at 31 July 2022
26,535
781
1,495
1,168
1,190
31,169
Movement in loan
1,027
(76)
(153)
223
(145)
876
Loan balance at 31 July 2023
27,562
705
1,342
1,391
1,045
32,045
Movement in loan
(1,255)
–
–
181
–
(1,074)
Loan balance at 31 July 2024
26,307
705
1,342
1,572
1,045
30,971
Provisions
Provision at 31 July 2022
(14,043)
(781)
(1,495)
(783)
(797)
(17,899)
Movement in provision
8,165
76
153
(149)
(248)
7,997
Provision at 31 July 2023
(5,878)
(705)
(1,342)
(932)
(1,045)
(9,902)
Movement in provision
(15,446)
–
–
(121)
–
(15,567)
Provision at 31 July 2024
(21,324)
(705)
(1,342)
(1,053)
(1,045)
(25,469)
Net loan balance at 31 July 2022
12,492
–
–
385
393
13,270
Net loan balance at 31 July 2023
21,684
–
–
459
–
22,143
Net loan balance at 31 July 2024
4,983
–
–
519
5,502
	
	
	
	
	
23. Capital commitments and guarantees
For PEDL181 the partners have agreed to drill two development wells and to construct a gas export line. These activities remain contingent 
upon planning permission being granted, the budget being approved by the JV partnership and the availability of a suitable rig. The total net 
cost to Europa for the work programme is estimated to be £1.3 million in 2025 and £2.5 million in 2026.
The final instalment of the Antler consideration was due on 1 October 2024 for $369,000 (£289,000). This was paid on time after the reporting date.
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2024
76

24. Lease commitments
Europa Oil & Gas Limited pays annual site rentals for the land upon which the West Firsby and Crosby Warren oil field facilities are located. 
Future minimum lease payments are as follows:
2024
£000
2023
£000
Less than 1 year
63
–
2-5 years
90
–
Total
153
–
25. Related party transactions
Key management are those persons having authority and responsibility for planning, controlling and directing the activities of the Group.  
In the opinion of the board, the Group’s and the Company’s key management are the directors of Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc.  
Information regarding their compensation is given in note 4.
During the year, the Company provided services to subsidiary companies as follows:
2024
£000
2023
£000
Europa Oil & Gas Limited
319
336
Europa Oil & Gas (Inishkea) Limited
64
102
Europa Oil & Gas (New Ventures) Limited
–
26
Total
383
464
At the end of the year, after provisions, the Company was owed the following amounts by subsidiaries:
2024
£000
2023
£000
Europa Oil & Gas Limited
4,983
21,684
Europa Oil & Gas (Inishkea) Limited
518
459
Total
5,501
22,143
26. Post reporting date events
On 13 September 2024 the Company announced that it does not intend to apply to the North Sea Transition Authority for an extension to 
the Serenity licence, which expired on 30 September 2024. As a result, the incurred costs associated with Serenity that the Company has 
capitalised were written off during the year. 
On 16 September 2024 the Company announced that planning consent has been received from North Lincolnshire Council for the further 
development of the Wressle well site. As a result of the Finch Supreme Court ruling and a proposed legal challenge to the granting of planning 
permission for the next phase of the Wressle development, it is expected that the planning consent will be rescinded once the court process 
has concluded. The Wressle Joint Venture plans to submit further information that covers potential scope 3 emissions such that a future 
planning process could be approved. The works will include extending the existing site to accommodate the drilling of two new wells and 
construction of gas processing facilities and an underground gas pipeline to connect Wressle to the local gas distribution network. 
 
 
Financial Statements
Governance
Strategic Report
Design and Production
www.carrkamasa.co.uk

Europa Oil & Gas Holdings Plc
Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) plc
UK Office
30 Newman Street
London W1T 1PT
T: +44 (0)20 7224 3770
E: mail@europaoil.com
europaoil.com