Quarterlytics / Basic Materials / Industrial Materials / Filo Mining

Filo Mining

fil · TSX-V Basic Materials
Claim this profile
Ticker fil
Exchange TSX-V
Sector Basic Materials
Industry Industrial Materials
Employees 11-50
← All annual reports
FY2018 Annual Report · Filo Mining
Sign in to download
Loading PDF…
Management’s Discussion and Analysis 
And 
Consolidated Financial Statements 

Year Ended December 31, 2018 
(AUDITED) 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FILO MINING CORP. 

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS 
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 
(Amounts in Canadian Dollars unless otherwise indicated) 

The  following  management’s  discussion  and  analysis  (“MD&A”)  of  Filo  Mining  Corp.  (“Filo  Mining”  or  the 
“Company”) should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 
31, 2018 and related notes therein. The financial information in this MD&A is reported in Canadian dollars unless 
otherwise  indicated  and  is  partly  derived  from  the  Company’s  consolidated  financial  statements  prepared  in 
accordance with  International Financial Reporting Standards  (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting 
Standards Board.  The effective date of this  MD&A is March 19, 2018. Additional information about the Company 
and its business activities is available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com and the Company’s website www.filo-mining.com. 

Some of the statements in this MD&A are forward-looking statements that are subject to risk factors set out in the 
cautionary note contained herein. 

CORE BUSINESS 

Filo Mining is a mineral exploration company, focused on its 100% controlled, flagship Filo del Sol Project, which is 
comprised of two adjacent land holdings: the Filo del Sol Property located in San Juan Province, Argentina, and the 
Tamberias Property, located in Region III, Chile. The Filo del Sol Project is located between the prolific Maricunga and 
El Indio gold belts, two major mineralized trends that contain such deposits as Caspiche, La Coipa, Veladero, and El 
Indio. The region is a stable mining jurisdiction and hosts a number of large-scale mining operations. The project area 
is covered under the Mining Integration and Complementation Treaty between Chile and Argentina, which provides 
the framework for the development of cross border mining projects. 

The Company’s most recent Mineral Resource estimate for the Filo del Sol Project, effective as of June 11, 2018, is 
comprised of 425.1 million tonnes at 0.33% copper, 0.32 g/t gold and 10.7 g/t silver, containing 3.1 billion pounds of 
copper, 4.4 million ounces of gold and 146.9 million ounces of silver in the Indicated category, and an Inferred Mineral 
Resource estimate of 175.1 million tonnes at 0.27% copper, 0.33 g/t gold and 6.2 g/t silver for 1.1 billion pounds of 
copper, 1.8 million ounces of gold and 34.8 million ounces of silver. In addition, the Filo del Sol Project continues to 
hold significant exploration potential, with less than 20% of the project area explored to date. 

The Company recently completed a pre-feasibility study (“PFS”) on the Filo del Sol Project, effective as of January 13, 
2019, which not only confirmed, but also improved on, the project’s robust economic potential. The PFS, which was 
based only on the oxide portion of the current Mineral Resource and used a copper price of US$ 3.00/lb, US$ 1,300/oz 
gold, and US$ 20/oz silver, yielded an after-tax net present value (“NPV”) of US$ 1.28 billion at a discount rate of 8%, 
and generated an internal rate of return (“IRR”) of 23%. Positive valuations were also maintained across a wide range 
of sensitivities on key assumptions.  

The technical information relating to the PFS is based on a technical report titled “NI 43-101 Technical Report, Pre-
feasibility Study for the Filo del Sol Project” dated February 22, 2019, with an effective date of January 13, 2019 (the 
“Technical  Report”).  The  Technical  Report  was  prepared  for  Filo  Mining  by  Ausenco  Engineering  Canada  Inc. 
(“Ausenco”). The Qualified Persons, as defined under NI 43-101, responsible for the Technical Report are Scott Elfen, 
P.E., Ausenco, Robin Kalanchey, P.Eng., Ausenco, Bruno Borntraeger, P.Eng., Knight Piesold Ltd., Fionnuala Devine, 
P.Geo.,  Merlin  Geosciences  Inc.,  Ian  Stillwell,  BGC  Engineering  Inc.,  Neil  Winkelmann,  FAusIMM,  SRK  Consulting 
(Canada)  Inc.,  James  N.  Gray,  P.Geo.,  Advantage  Geoservices  Limited,  and  Jay  Melnyk,  P.Eng.,  AGP  Mining 
Consultants,  all  of  whom  are  independent  of  Filo  Mining.  The  Technical  Report  is  available  for  review  under  the 
Company's profile on SEDAR at www.sedar.com and on the Company's website at www.filo-mining.com.  

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Company’s strategy is to create value for its shareholders by expanding and increasing the quality of the resources 
at the Filo del Sol Project and by completing engineering and other studies that are required to prepare the Filo del 
Sol Project for eventual development by the Company or by third parties.  

The Company has a strong management team and board with extensive experience in the resource sector, particularly 
in Chile and Argentina. The board and management team have an appropriate mix of geological, engineering, financial, 
and business skills to advance the Company’s projects and to generate value for its shareholders.  

2018 OPERATING HIGHLIGHTS 

Following the completion of the Company’s preliminary economic assessment (“PEA”) on the Filo del Sol Project in 
2017, the Company proceeded with next phase engineering studies during the year ended December 31, 2018, with 
the support and undertaking of a PFS on the project by Ausenco Engineering Canada Inc.  

To start the year, the Company successfully completed an extensive field program at the end of March 2018, which 
included 9,411 metres of drilling completed along with 4.5 tonnes of sample material collected in support of various 
PFS  testwork  disciplines.  The  drill  program  focused  on  resource  conversion,  with  the  objective  of  infill  drilling  to 
upgrade  Inferred  material  to  the  Indicated  category.  To  this  end,  the  Company  successfully  updated  the  Mineral 
Resource estimate at the Filo del Sol Project, with an effective date of June 11, 2018, resulting in an overall increase 
in  the  Indicated  tonnage  by  14%  to  425.1  million  tonnes,  thus  maximizing  the  amount  of  material  available  for 
inclusion in the PFS, as appropriate. The updated Mineral Resource estimate is summarized by the following table: 

1 – CuAuOx copper equivalent (CuEq) assumes metallurgical recoveries of 82% for copper, 55% for gold and 71% for silver based on preliminary 
metallurgical 
is: 
testwork,  and  metal  prices  of  US$3/lb  copper,  US$1300/oz  gold,  US$20/oz  silver.   The  CuEq 
CuEq=Cu+Ag*0.0084+Au*0.4239; 
2  –  Sulphide  copper  equivalent  (CuEq)  assumes  metallurgical  recoveries  of  84%  for  copper,  70%  for  gold  and  77%  for  silver  based  on  similar 
deposits, as no metallurgical testwork has been done the Sulphide mineralization, and metal prices of US$3/lb copper, US$1300/oz gold, US$20/oz 
silver.  The CuEq formula is: CuEq=Cu+Ag*0.0089+Au*0.5266; 
3 – The Qualified Person for the resource estimate is James N. Gray, P.Geo. of Advantage Geoservices Ltd.; 
4 – All figures are rounded to reflect the relative accuracy of the estimate; 
5 – Mineral Resources are not Mineral Reserves and do not have demonstrated economic viability; 
6 – The resource was constrained by a Whittle® pit shell using the following parameters: Cu $3/lb, Ag $20/oz, Au $1300/oz, slope of 45°, a mining 
cost of $2.50/t and an average process cost of $13.26/t. 

formula 

During the latter half of the year, the Company focused on completion of metallurgical analyses and other PFS testwork 
disciplines, and their incorporation into the study. The PFS was substantially completed during the fourth quarter of 
2018, and its results were announced by the Company on January 13, 2019. The completed PFS continues to support 
the Company’s assertions that the Filo del Sol Project exhibits strong economics and remarkable potential, which are 
highlighted by: 

 

a US$ 1.28 billion after-tax NPV using a discount rate of 8% and an IRR of 23%, at US$ 3.00/lb copper, US$ 
1,300/oz gold, and US$ 20/oz silver; 

2 

TonnesCuAuAglbs CuOunces AuOunces Ag(millions)(%)(g/t)(g/t)(millions)(thousands)(thousands)Indicated49.90.040.423.0456794,810Inferred20.80.080.342.4352261,580Indicated259.20.380.292.72,1662,38522,500Inferred74.30.290.312.14817355,040Indicated40.50.500.4387.6446562114,180Inferred8.80.360.4379.37012122,400Indicated75.50.270.342.24518135,370Inferred71.20.300.332.54707505,740Indicated425.10.330.3210.73,1084,439146,860Inferred175.10.270.336.21,0561,83234,760ZoneCutoffCategory0.20 g/t Au0.15 % CuEq20 g/t AgAuOxCuAuOxAgSulphideTotal0.30 % CuEq 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

average  annual  production  of  approximately  67,000  tonnes  of  copper  (including  copper  as  copper 
precipitate), 159,000  ounces of gold, and 8,653,000  ounces of silver at a C1  cost of  US$ 1.23/lb  copper 
equivalent; 

  pre-production capital costs totaling US$ 1.27 billion (excluding costs prior to a construction decision); 

 

a 14 year mine life (including pre-stripping), producing almost 1.75 million pounds of copper as cathode, 
and 1.92 million ounces of gold and 104 million ounces of silver as doré, over the 13 year leach feed schedule, 
with additional copper recovered as high-grade copper precipitate; and 

 

a low strip ratio of 1.5:1. 

The PFS also introduced an initial Mineral Reserve estimate for the Filo del Sol project, which, at a 0.01 US$/tonne 
Net Value per Tonne (“NVPT”) cut-off, is as follows: 

Notes to accompany Filo del Sol Mineral Reserves table: 
1.  Mineral Reserves have an effective date of 13 January 2019.  The Qualified Person for the estimate is Mr. Jay Melnyk, P.Eng. of AGP 

2. 
3. 

Mining Consultants, Inc. 
The Mineral Reserves were estimated in accordance with the CIM Definition Standards for Mineral Resources and Reserves; 
The Mineral Reserves are supported by a mine plan, based on a pit design, guided by a Lerchs Grossmann (LG) pit shell. Inputs to that 
process are: 

  Metal prices of Cu $3.00/lb, Ag $20/oz, Au $1300/oz; 
  Mining cost of $2.00/t; 
 
 
 
 

An average processing cost of $9.73/t; 
General and administration cost of $2.02/t processed; 
Pit slope angles varying from 29 to 45 degrees, inclusive of geotechnical berms and ramp allowances; 
Process recoveries were based on rocktype. The average recoveries applied were 83% for Cu, 73% for Au and 80% for Ag, 
which exclude the adjustments for operational efficiency and copper recovered as precipitate which were included in the 
financial evaluation; 

4. 

Dilution and Mining Loss adjustments were applied at ore/waste contacts using a mixing zone approach. The volumes of dilution gain 
and ore loss were equal, resulting reductions in grades of 1.0%, 1.3% and 1.0% for Cu, Au and Ag respectively; 

5.  Ore/Waste delineation was based on a Net Value Per Tonne (NVPT) breakeven cut-off considering metal prices, recoveries, royalties, 

6. 
7. 

process and G&A costs as per LG shell parameters stated above; 
The life-of-mine (LOM) stripping ratio in tonnes is 1.52:1; 
All figures are rounded to reflect the relative accuracy of the estimate. Totals may not sum due to rounding as required by reporting 
guidelines. 

The PFS contemplates mining through conventional open pit methods, using a fully autonomous haul truck fleet, and 
sequential heap leaching, with only the deposit’s oxide material incorporated into the study. The underlying copper-
gold sulphide structure has not been fully tested nor included in any study or project economics to date, and represents 
potentially significant upside for the Filo del Sol Project, along with: 

 

improving metallurgical recoveries with additional test work and optimization of process parameters; and 

  delineating more or higher-grade material through continued exploration of the Company's extensive land 

package, of which only approximately 20% has been explored to date. 

3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Due to the timing of completion of the PFS, the Company did not have adequate information to plan for the undertaking 
of  a  feasibility  study  at  the  Filo  del  Sol  Project  during  the  2018/2019  field  season,  which  began  in  October  2018. 
Nonetheless,  the  Company  did  incorporate  into  the  2018/2019  field  program  certain  then  known  and  anticipated 
informational  requirements  for  the  next  phase  of  engineering  study,  such  as  the  undertaking  of  hydrogeological 
testwork  and  ongoing  environmental  assessments,  which  should  provide  a  head  start  and  facilitate  the  eventual 
undertaking of a feasibility study in the future.  

Therefore, to continue enhancing the project and to maximize utilization of the field camp and personnel during this 
gap  between  engineering  studies,  the  Company  has  been  testing  the  Filo  del  Sol  Project’s  extensive  exploration 
potential,  with  a  focus  on  drilling  below  the  current  resource  to  test  the  potential  for  a  copper  porphyry  system. 
Diamond core drilling for the 2018/2019 field season began in November 2018, and the assay results for the first two 
completed holes have now been received, as disclosed on March 18, 2019.  

The  encouraging  results  confirm  the  Company’s  speculations  that  the  current  Mineral  Resource  is  underlain  by 
significant porphyry copper-gold mineralization, which extends to depths of over 1,000 metres below surface. Hole 
FSDH025, located completely outside of the current Mineral Resource, was drilled to a depth of 1,025 metres and 
returned grades of 0.30% copper, 0.22 g/t gold, and 1.6 g/t silver, including 132.0 metres at 0.48% copper, 0.30 g/t 
gold, and 1.2 g/t silver. Hole FSDH026 was drilled 500 metres to the south to a total depth of 613.9 metres, with the 
first 200 metres passing through the current Mineral Resource. Assays for FDSH026 yielded grades of 0.39% copper, 
0.34 g/t gold, and 1.6 g/t silver, including 460.0 metres at 0.45% copper, 0.34 g/t gold, and 1.6 g/t silver. Both holes 
ended in mineralization and remain open to depth and laterally. 

Assays are in progress for the third completed hole, and four additional diamond core holes are still in progress at the 
Filo del Sol Project, which are scheduled to be completed by the end of March 2019. 

CORPORATE UPDATE 

Credit Facilities 

On  January  12,  2018,  the  Company  obtained  an  unsecured  US$  2.0  million  short-term  credit  facility  (the  “Initial 
Facility”)  from  Zebra  Holdings  and  Investments  S.à.r.l  (“Zebra”),  an  insider  of  the  Company,  to  provide  additional 
financial flexibility to fund ongoing exploration at the Filo del Sol Project and general corporate purposes. Zebra reports 
its security holdings in the Company as a joint actor with Lorito Holdings S.à.r.l., and at the time of entering into the 
Initial Facility, they collectively held more than 20% of the Company’s issued and outstanding common shares. Zebra 
received 6,000 common shares of the Company upon execution of the Initial Facility, and an additional 300 common 
shares each month, for every US$ 50,000 in principal outstanding on the Initial Facility, prorated accordingly for the 
number of days outstanding. The Initial Facility matured on January 12, 2019, and a total of 24,222 common shares 
have been issued to Zebra pursuant thereto, with no interest paid in cash. 

On January 12, 2019, simultaneously with the maturing of the Initial Facility,  the Company obtained an unsecured 
US$ 5.0 million credit facility (the “Replacement Facility”) from Zebra, which replaced the Initial Facility, and into which 
any outstanding balance owed by the Company under the Initial Facility was transferred. In addition, on February 28, 
2019, the Company obtained an additional unsecured US$ 5.0 million short-term credit facility (the “Additional Facility”) 
from Zebra. Through the Replacement Facility and Additional Facility, the Company now has access to US$ 10.0 million, 
which will be used, as necessary, to fund ongoing exploration at the Filo del Sol Project and for general corporate 
purposes. The maturity dates of the Replacement Facility and the Additional Facility are July 12, 2020, and February 
28, 2020, respectively, with no interest payable in cash during their respective terms. 

4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As consideration, the Replacement Facility and Additional Facility each grant Zebra the right to receive 300 common 
shares each month, for every US$ 50,000 in principal outstanding under the respective facilities, prorated accordingly 
for  the  number  of  days  outstanding.  In  addition,  upon  execution  of  the  Additional  Facility,  Zebra  received  6,000 
common shares of the Company. As of the date of this MD&A, a total of 43,313 common shares have been issued to 
Zebra pursuant to the terms of the Replacement Facility and the Additional Facility.  

All common shares issued in conjunction with the aforementioned credit  facilities are subject to a four-month hold 
period under applicable securities laws. 

Closing of Financings for $25.5 Million 

On February 28, 2018, the Company closed the sale of 5,894,231 common shares of the Company on a bought deal 
basis to a syndicate of underwriters led by Haywood Securities Inc. (the “Underwriters”), at a price of $2.60 per share 
(the “Issue Price”) for total gross proceeds of approximately $15.3 million (the “Offering”), which included 124,231 
common shares issued on partial exercise of an over-allotment option. The gross proceeds generated from the Offering 
were subject to a 5.0% commission, paid in cash. 

On  February  28,  2018,  the  Company  also  closed  a  concurrent  private  placement  of  3,928,964  common  shares, 
including 82,810 common shares issued to adjust for the Underwriters’ partial exercise of the over-allotment option, 
at the Issue Price, for gross proceeds of approximately $10.2 million (the “Concurrent Private Placement”). 

The  Company  has  used  the  net  proceeds  from  the  Offering  and  Concurrent  Private  Placement  for  exploration  and 
development  at  the  Filo  del  Sol  Project,  including  to  fund  the  completion  of  the  PFS,  and  for  working  capital  and 
general corporate purposes.  

OUTLOOK 

The completion of a PFS at the Filo del Sol Project in January 2019 marked another significant project milestone. The 
study, which is highlighted by an after-tax NPV of US$ 1.28 billion at an 8% discount rate and an IRR of 23%, continues 
to confirm the Company’s views that its flagship asset bolsters significant size, scope, and economic potential. The 
Company is now analyzing the results and recommendations arising from the PFS to assess its next steps with respect 
to advancing the project, which may include the undertaking of a feasibility-level study, as appropriate. That being 
said, even during this evaluation and assessment period, the Company is still progressing with certain feasibility-level 
testwork during the 2018/2019 field season, which should facilitate to the eventual undertaking of a feasibility study 
in the future, such as conducting hydrogeological testwork to confirm an industrial source of water for the project, as 
well as ongoing environmental baseline studies. 

Nonetheless, the Company also remains cognisant of the fact that all  studies and economic analyses completed to 
date on the Filo del Sol Project incorporate only the oxide portion of the current resource. With a largely undefined 
sulphide structure underlying the oxide material, as well as the Company’s considerable land package, of which less 
than 20% has been explored to date, the Company elected to  simultaneously dedicate some resources to test the 
exploration potential at the Filo del Sol Project during the 2018/2019 field season.  

Accordingly, diamond core drilling began at the Filo del Sol Project in November 2018, with a focus on evaluating the 
sulphide  mineralization,  which  sits  below  the  oxide  layers  of  the  current  deposit.  The  first  batch  of  assay  results, 
related to  the first  two  completed holes of this drill  campaign, were released on March 18,  2019, and confirm the 
existence of a much larger copper-gold porphyry system underlying the current Mineral Resource as incorporated into 
the  PFS.  The  first  two  holes,  which  end  in  mineralization,  are  highlighted  respectively  by  1,025  metres  at  0.30% 
copper, 0.22 g/t gold, and 1.6 g/t silver, and 613.9 metres 0.39% copper, 0.34 g/t gold, and 1.6 g/t silver. 

5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assays are in progress for a third completed hole, and diamond drilling continues at the Filo del Sol Project with four 
additional  diamond  holes  as  part  of  the  2018/2019  field  campaign,  scheduled  for  completion  by  the  end  of  March 
2019. Additional assays will be released as they become available. 

RESULTS FROM OPERATIONS 

Year Ended 

Net loss ($000’s) 

Loss per share, basic and diluted ($) 

Dec-18 

28,891 

0.41 

Dec-17 

Dec-161 

18,695 

0.30 

8,666 

0.16 

Total assets ($000’s) 

26,151 
1 Filo Mining was incorporated on May 12, 2016 under the Canada Business Corporations Act in connection with a 
plan of arrangement to reorganize the business of NGEx Resources Inc., which was completed on August 16, 2016 
(the “NGEx Arrangement”). Amounts presented in the table prior to completion of the NGEx Arrangement were 
carved out from figures previously reported by NGEx Resources Inc. in accordance with the continuity of interest 
basis of accounting, as discussed in the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended 
December 31, 2016. 

11,938 

10,193 

Filo Mining is a junior exploration company and, as such, its net losses are largely driven by  its exploration and 
project  investigation activities and  there is  no expectation  of  generating operating profits  until it identifies and 
develops a commercially viable mineral deposit.  

Key financial results for the last eight quarters are provided in the table below.  

Three Months Ended 

Dec-18 

Sep-18 

Jun-18 

Mar-18 

Dec-17 

Sep-17 

Jun-17 

Mar-17 

Exploration costs ($000's) 

5,183 

2,208 

3,595 

13,132 

3,605 

1,227 

1,257 

8,930 

Operating loss ($000’s) 

6,201 

3,816 

4,433 

14,626 

4,564 

2,538 

2,042 

9,565 

Net loss ($000’s) 

6,191 

3,865 

4,446 

14,389 

4,580 

2,549 

2,053 

9,513 

Net loss per share, basic and 
diluted ($) 

0.09 

0.05 

0.06 

0.22 

0.07 

0.04 

0.03 

0.15 

Due to the  geographic location  of  the  Filo del  Sol  Project, the  Company’s  business activities  fluctuate with the 
seasons, through increased drilling and other exploration activities during the summer months in South America. 
As a result, a general recurring trend is the increase in exploration expenditures, and therefore net losses, for the 
fourth quarter and first quarter of a fiscal year, relative to the second and third quarters. In addition, other relevant 
factors, such as the financial position of the Company, other corporate initiatives, as well as the type  and scope 
of  planned  exploration/project  work,  could  affect  the  level  of  exploration  activities  and  net  loss  in  a  particular 
period.  

Filo  Mining  incurred  a  net  loss  of  $28.9  million  (2017:  $18.7  million)  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2018. 
Exploration and project investigation costs are the most significant expenditure s of the Company and account for 
approximately 83% (2017: 80%) of the net loss during the year.  This is reflective of the Company’s accounting 
policy  to  expense  its  exploration  costs  through  the  consolidated  statement  of  comprehensive  loss,  except  for 
mineral property option payments and mineral property acquisition costs , which are capitalized.   

Exploration  and  project  investigation  costs  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2018  were  $24.1  million,  which 
exceeded the prior year (2017: $15.0 million). This increase is due to the execution of a larger exploration program 
during the 2017/2018 exploration season, which ran from October 2017 to March 2018, to generate and collect 
data in support of the PFS on the Filo del Sol Project, and increased technical costs related to the current study 
itself, such as metallurgical testwork. Detailed breakdowns of exploration costs for the years ended December 31, 
2018 and 2017, are provided in the notes to the consolidated financial statements.  

6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
Excluding  share-based  compensation,  administration  costs  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2018  were  $2.8 
million  (2017:  $2.0  million).    Share-based  compensation,  a  non-cash  cost,  reflects  the  amortization  of  the 
estimated fair value of options over their vesting period and is based to a large degree on the Company’s share 
price and its volatility. The actual future value to the option holders may differ materially from these estimates as 
it depends on the trading price of the Company’s shares if and when the options are exercised. In addition, as the 
granting of options and their vesting is at the discretion of the Board, the related expense is unlikely to be uniform 
across quarters or financial years.  

Compensation costs for the year ended December 31, 2018, were higher than the prior year primarily due to the 
addition of Mr. Adam Lundin as the Company’s full-time President and CEO in September 2017, and also the larger 
relative size of management incentive bonuses awarded in 2018. In addition, travel and promotion costs incurred 
during the year ended December 31, 2018 were higher than those incurred during 2017 as a result of additional 
promotional  activities,  particularly  those  undertaken  in  the  first  quarter  of  2018  in  relation  to  the  Offering  and 
Concurrent Private Placement, which closed in February 28, 2018, and yielded aggregate gross proceeds of $25.5 
million. 

During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company also reported a gain of $0.4 million in connection with 
the disposal of mineral properties. On February 21, 2018, the Company transferred its 100% interest in certain 
non-core mining concessions located in San Juan Province, Argentina to NGEx Resources Inc. (“NGEx”), and also 
granted NGEx an option to acquire a 100% interest in additional non-core mining concessions, in exchange for 
total cash consideration of $65,000 and non-cash consideration with an estimated fair value of $358,000. Further 
details of the transaction can be found under the Related Party Transactions section  below. 

Also,  during  the  year  ended  December  31,  2018,  the  Company  recognized  a  monetary  gain  of  $39,000  (2017: 
$nil)  in  relation  to  the  application  of  hyper-inflationary  accounting  for  the  Company’s  Argentine  subsidiary 
beginning July  1,  2018. A detailed  discussion  regarding the application  of  hyper-inflationary accounting  can be 
found in the Significant Accounting Policies section below, and the notes to the consolidated financial statements. 

No  tax  recovery  is  recognized  as  a  result  of  the  nature  of  the  Company’s  activities  and  the  lack  of  reasonably 
expected taxable profits in the near term.  

In other comprehensive income, the Company reported a foreign exchange translation loss of $0.5 million (2017: 
$0.2 million)  for the year ended December 31, 2018, on translation of subsidiary company accounts from their 
functional  currency  to  the  Canadian  dollar  presentation  currency.  For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2018, 
fluctuations  of  the  Canadian  dollar  relative  to  the  Chilean  peso  contributed  signifi cantly  to  the  translation  loss 
recognized. In addition, for the year ended December 31, 2018, the loss also reflects fluctuations of the Canadian 
dollar exchange rate relative to the Argentine peso until June 30, 2018, at which point subsequent fluctuations in 
this  exchange  rate  are  combined  and  reported  as  impacts  of  hyperinflation.  In  this  regard,  the  impact  of 
hyperinflation  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2018  was  a  gain  of  $0.4  million  (2017:  $nil)  and  consists  of 
adjustments recognized on the application of hyper-inflationary accounting to opening non-monetary balances on 
July  1,  2018,  the  continuing  inflation  of  these  opening  non-monetary  balances  during  the  six  months  ended 
December 31, 2018, and the ongoing translation of the Company’s Argentine  subsidiary into the Canadian dollar 
presentation currency following June 30, 2018 as mentioned above. 

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES  

As at  December 31, 2018,  the Company had cash of $2.4 million and  a net working capital deficit of  $0.6 million, 
which includes $2.2 million drawn and outstanding against the Initial Facility, compared to cash of $2.4 million and 
net working capital of $1.5 million, as at December 31, 2017.  

7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Despite having raised  net proceeds totaling $24.4 million  during the year from the Offering and the Concurrent 
Private Placement, as at December 31, 2018, this cash inflow has been more than offset by funds directed towards 
advancing the Filo del Sol Project through  the PFS as highlighted above, funding of the current 2018/2019 field 
program which began in October 2018, and to a lesser extent, $0.5 million spent in relation to the annual option 
payment made for the Tamberias property in June 2018 and  funds spent for general corporate purposes.  

Based on Filo Mining’s financial position at December 31, 2018, the Company anticipates the need for further funding 
to support a planned field program at its South American operations. The Company is currently evaluating potential 
additional sources of financing for its exploration program and operations. Historically, capital requirements have been 
primarily funded through equity financing, joint ventures, disposition of mineral properties and investments, and the 
use of short-term credit facilities. While management is confident that additional sources of funding will be secured to 
fund planned expenditures for at least twelve months from December 31, 2018, factors that could affect the availability 
of financing include the progress and results of ongoing exploration at the Company’s mineral properties, the state of 
international debt and equity markets, and investor perceptions and expectations of the global gold, silver, and/or 
copper markets. There can be no assurance that such financing will be available in the amount required at any time 
or for any period or, if available, that it can be obtained on terms satisfactory to the Company. Based on the amount 
of funding raised, the Company’s planned exploration or other work programs may be postponed, or otherwise revised, 
as necessary. 

As summarized in the Corporate Update section above, subsequent to the December 31, 2018, the Company has 
secured access to a total of US$ 10.0 million in funds through the Replacement Facility and the Additional Facility, 
which will provide the Company with financial flexibility to fund ongoing exploration at the Filo del Sol Project and 
for general corporate purposes, while it continues to evaluate potential additional sources of financing. 

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS 

Related party services 

The Company has a cost sharing arrangement with NGEx, a related party by way of directors, officers and shareholders 
in common.  Under the terms of this arrangement, the Company provides executive management, technical exploration 
and exploration support services to NGEx, and NGEx provides  technical advisory and administrative services to the 
Company. In addition, the Company engages Bofill Mir & Alvarez Jana Abogados Ltda. (“BMJAL”), a Chilean legal firm, 
of which a director of the Company is a partner. These transactions were incurred in the normal course of operations, 
and are summarized as follows: 

Executive management, technical 

exploration and exploration 
support services to NGEx 

Financial management and 

administrative services from 
NGEx 

Legal services from BMJAL 

Related party balances 

Year ended 
December 31, 
2017 

2018 

735,822 

1,296,287 

(555,443) 
86,240 

(142,815) 
67,965 

The amounts due from (to) related parties, and the components of the consolidated statement of financial position in 
which they are included, are as follows: 

8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Receivables and other assets 

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 

Disposal of mineral properties 

Related Party 

December 31, 
2018 

December 31, 
2017 

NGEx 

NGEx 
BMJAL 

523,244 

(77,492) 
(15,463) 

366,435 

(93,617) 
(23,135) 

On February 21, 2018, the Company, through its wholly-owned subsidiary, closed a transaction with two wholly-owned 
subsidiaries of NGEx, whereby the Company transferred its 100% interest in certain non-core mining concessions (the 
“Primary Properties”) to NGEx and granted NGEx an option to acquire a 100% interest in additional non-core mining 
concessions  (the  “Additional  Properties”)  located  in  San  Juan  Province,  Argentina  (the  “Disposal  Transaction”)  in 
exchange for the following consideration:    

• 

• 

the Company’s right to use NGEx’s Batidero camp facility in Argentina for a minimum period of two 
years,  which  shall  be  automatically  renewed  unless  terminated  by  NGEx  with  one  year’s  advance 
notice (the “Camp Use Agreement”);    

a 3% net smelter return (“NSR”) royalty payable on future production of certain mining concessions 
transferred to NGEx, 2% of which can be re-purchased by NGEx at any time for $2,000,000; and  

• 

cash consideration totalling approximately $65,000, comprised of US$20,000 and $39,000. 

As a transaction with significant non-monetary components, for which fair values could not be derived from observable 
market  transactions  or  information,  the  fair  value  of  the  Disposal  Transaction  was  determined  based  upon  the 
estimated fair value of the consideration received by the Company. The total fair value of the consideration received 
by the Company pursuant to the Disposal Transaction is estimated to be approximately $423,000, of which $358,000 
is attributable to the Camp Use Agreement, and approximately $65,000 is attributable to the total cash consideration 
received. Accordingly, as the Primary Properties and Additional Properties had no carrying value in the consolidated 
financial statements of the Company prior to the disposal, a gain of $423,000 has been recognized for the year ended 
December 31, 2018. 

Key management compensation 

The Company’s key management personnel have the authority and responsibility for overseeing, planning, directing 
and controlling its activities and consist of the Board of Directors and members of the executive management team.  
Total compensation expense for key management personnel, and the composition thereof, is as follows: 

Salaries 

Short-term employee benefits 

Directors fees 

Stock-based compensation 

Incentive bonuses 

Year ended 
December 31, 
2017 

1,341,539 
35,617 
86,583 
1,548,394 
207,000 
3,219,133 

2018 

1,087,500 
45,477 
97,000 
1,981,235 
470,000 
  3,681,212 

9 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

The  Company’s  significant  account  policies  are  described  in  Notes  3  to  5  of  the  audited  consolidated  financial 
statements for year ended December 31, 2018, as on SEDAR at www.sedar.com. 

New Accounting Pronouncements 

The IASB and the IFRS Interpretations Committee (previously the International Financial Reporting Interpretations 
Committee,  IFRIC)  have  issued  a  number  of  new  and  revised  International  Accounting  Standards,  IFRS 
amendments and related interpretations which are effective for the Company for periods after December 31, 2018, 
beginning  on  the  dates  indicated  below.    Pronouncements  that  are  not  applicable  to  the  Company  have  been 
excluded from those described below. 

Pronouncement 
IFRS  16, Leases, specifies  how  leases  should  be  recognized,  measured, 
presented and disclosed.  The standard provides a single lessee accounting 
model,  requiring  lessees  to  recognize  assets  and  liabilities  for  all  leases 
unless the lease term is 12 months or less or the underlying asset has a low 
value. Lessors continue to classify leases as operating or finance, with IFRS 
16’s  approach  to  lessor  accounting  substantially  unchanged  from  its 
predecessor, IAS 17.  

Effective Date  
Required to be applied 
for years beginning on 
or after January 1, 
2019. 

The Company does not expect the adoption of this new standard to have a 
material impact on the financial position and results of the Company, as the 
Company does not currently have any material leases. 

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES  

The  preparation  of  the  consolidated  financial  statements  in  accordance  with  IFRS,  such  as  the  underlying 
consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2018, requires management to make estimates 
and  assumptions  that  affect  the  reported  amounts  of  assets,  liabilities  and  expenditures.  These  estimates  and 
assumptions  are  based  on  management’s  best  knowledge  of  the  relevant  facts  and  circumstances  taking  into 
account  previous  experience.  Actual  results  could  differ  from  those  estimates  and  s uch  differences  could  be 
material. Estimates are reviewed on an ongoing basis and are based on historical experience and other facts and 
circumstances. Revisions to estimates and the resulting effects on the carrying amounts of the Company’s assets 
and liabilities are accounted for prospectively. Information about estimates and assumptions that could have the 
most significant effect on the recognition and measurement of assets is provided below.  

Valuation of mineral properties – The Company carries the acquisition costs of its mineral properties at cost 
less  any  provision  for  impairment.  The  Company  undertakes  periodic  reviews  of  the  carrying  values  of  mineral 
properties and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying values may  exceed their 
fair value. In undertaking these reviews, management of the Company is required to make significant estimates. 
These estimates are subject to various risks and uncertainties, which may ultimately have an effect on the expected 
recoverability of the carrying values of the mineral properties and related expenditures.  

10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Hyper-inflationary accounting – Beginning July 1, 2018, the Company has designated Argentina as a hyper -
inflationary  economy  in  accordance  with  IAS  29,  Financial Reporting in Hyper-inflationary Economies,  and  has 
therefore employed the use of the hyper-inflationary accounting to consolidate and report its Argentine operating 
subsidiary. The determination of whether an economy is hyper-inflationary requires the Company to make certain 
estimates  and  judgements,  such  as  assessment  of  historic  inflation  rates  and  anticipation  of  future  trends.  In 
addition, the application of hyper-inflationary accounting in accordance with IAS 29 requires the selection and use 
of  price  indices  to  estimate  the  impact  of  inflation  on  the  non-monetary  assets  and  liabilities,  and  results  of 
operations  of  the  Company.  The  selection  of  price  indices  is  based  on  the  Company’s  assessment  of  various 
available price indices on the basis of reliability and relevance. Changes in any such estimates may significantly 
impact the carrying value of those non-monetary assets or liabilities, and results of operations, which are subject 
to hyper-inflationary adjustments, and the related gains and losses within the consolidated statements of loss and 
comprehensive loss. 

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 

The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash, receivables and other assets, trade payables and accrued 
liabilities, and the amounts owing pursuant to credit facilities,  with carrying values considered to be reasonable 
approximations of fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments.   

As  at  December  31,  2018,  the  Company’s  financial  instruments  are  exposed  to  the  following  financial  risks, 
including credit, liquidity and currency risks: 

(i)  Credit  risks  associated  with  cash  is  minimal  as  the  Company  deposits  the  majority  of  its  cash 
with  a  large  Canadian  financial  institution  that  has  been  accorded  a  strong  investment  grade 
rating by a primary rating agency.   

(ii)  Liquidity risks associated with the inability to meet obligations as they become due is minimized 
through  the  management  of  its  capital  structure  and  by  maintaining  good  relationships  with 
bankers. The Company also closely monitors and reviews its costs to date and actual cash flows 
on a monthly basis. 

The maturities of the Company’s financial liabilities as at December 31, 2018 are as follows: 

Total 

Less than 
1 year 

1-5 
years 

More than 
5 years 

Accounts payable and  
    accrued liabilities 
Amounts owing pursuant to     
    credit facility 

Total 

3,218,576 

3,218,576 

2,202,548 

2,202,548 

5,421,124 

5,421,124 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Subsequent to December 31, 2018, the amounts owing pursuant to the credit facility, as per the 
preceding table, were  transferred into the Replacement  Facility maturing on July 12,  2020, as 
detailed in the Corporate Update section above. 

(iii)  Foreign  currency  risk  can  arise  when  the  Company  or  its  subsidiaries  transact  or  have  net 
financial  assets  or  liabilities  which  are  denominated  in  currencies  other  than  their  respective 
functional currencies. 

11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
At December 31, 2018, the Company’s largest foreign currency risk exposure existed at the level 
of its Canadian headquarters, Filo Mining Corp., where the Company held a net financia l liability 
position denominated  in  US dollars  having a Canadian dollar equivalent of approximately  $2.2 
million. A 10% change in the foreign exchange rate between the US dollar, and the Canadian 
dollar,  Filo  Mining  Corp.’s  functional  currency,  would  give  rise  to  increases/decreases  of 
approximately $220,000 in financial position/comprehensive loss.  

OUTSTANDING SHARE DATA 

As at  March  19, 2019, the Company  had  72,860,014 common shares outstanding and  6,417,916  share options 
outstanding under its share-based incentive plan.  

FINANCIAL INFORMATION 

The  Company’s  next  scheduled  interim  report  will  be  for  the  three  months  ended  March  31,  2019,  which  is 
expected to be published on or around May 8, 2019. 

RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES 

The  operations  of  the  Company  are  speculative  due  to  the  high-risk  nature  of  its  business,  which  includes  the 
acquisition,  financing,  exploration,  development  and  operation  of  mineral  and  mining  properties.    There  are  a 
number  of  factors  that  could  negatively  affect  the  Company’s  business  and  the  value  of  its  common  shares, 
including the more significant risk factors identified by the Company and listed below. The following information 
pertains to the outlook and conditions currently known to the Company that could have a material impact on the 
financial condition of the Company. Other factors may arise that are not currently foreseen by management of the 
Company that may present additional risks in the future. Current and prospective security holders of the Company 
should carefully consider these risk factors, as they could materially affect the Company’s future operations and 
could cause actual events to differ materially from those described in forward -looking statements relating to the 
Company.  

12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exploration and Development Risk  

Mining exploration, development and operations generally involve a high degree of risk that cannot be eliminated, 
which can adversely impact our success and financial performance.  Exploration for and development of mineral 
deposits  involves  a  high  degree  of  risk  and  few  properties  that  are  explored  are  ultimately  developed  into 
producing mines. 

Major expenses are typically required to locate and establish Mineral Reserves, to develop metallurgical processes 
and  to  construct  mining  and  processing  facilities  at  a  particular  site.  Whether  a  mineral  deposit  will  be 
commercially viable depends on a number of factors, which include, among other things, the following: 

• 
• 

• 

the interpretation of geological data obtained from drill holes and other sampling techniques; 
feasibility studies (which include estimates of cash operating costs based upon anticipated tonnage and 
grades of ore to be mined and processed); 
the particular attributes of the deposit, such as size, grade and metallurgy; expected recovery rates of 
metals from the ore; 

•  proximity to infrastructure and labour; the ability to acquire and access land; the availability and cost of 

water and power; anticipated climatic conditions; 
cyclical metal prices; fluctuations in inflation and currency exchange rates; 

• 
•  higher input commodity and labour costs; and 
•  government regulations, including regulations relating to prices, taxes, royalties, land tenure, land use, 

importing and exporting of minerals and environmental protection. 

The risks and uncertainties inherent in exploration activities include but are not limited to: legal and political risk 
arising  from  operating  in  certain  developing  countries;  civil  unrest;  general  economic;  market  and  business 
conditions;  the  regulatory  process  and  actions;  failure  to  obtain  necessary  permits  and  approvals;  technical 
issues; new legislation; competitive and general economic factors and conditions; the uncertainties resulting from 
potential  delays  or  changes  in  plans;  the  occurrence  of  unexpected  events;  and  management’s  capacity  to 
execute and implement its future plans.  Discovery of mineral deposits is dependent upon a number of factors, 
not the least of which are the technical skills of the exploration personnel involved and the capital required for 
the programs.  The cost of conducting programs may be substantial and the likelihood of success is difficult to 
assess.  There is no assurance that the Company’s mineral exploration activities will result in any discoveries of 
new bodies of commercial ore. There is also no assurance that even if commercial quantities of ore are discovered 
that a new ore body would be developed and brought into commercial production.  The commercial viability of a 
mineral deposit once discovered is also dependent upon a number of factors, some of which are the particular 
attributes  of  the  deposit  (such  as  size,  grade,  metallurgy  and  proximity  to  infrastructure  and  labour),  the 
interpretation of geological data obtained from drilling and sampling, feasibility studies, the cost of water and 
power; anticipated climatic conditions; cyclical metal prices; fluctuations in inflation and currency exchange rates; 
higher  input  commodity  and  labour  costs,  commodity  prices,  government  regulations,  including  regulations 
relating to prices, taxes, royalties, land tenure and use, allowable production, importing and exporting of minerals, 
and environmental protection.  Most of the above factors are beyond the control of the Company.   Development 
projects will also be subject to the successful completion of final feasibility studies, issuance of necessary permits 
and other governmental approvals and receipt of adequate financing. The exact effect of these factors cannot be 
accurately predicted, but the combination of any of these factors may adversely affect the Company’s business. 

Our  operations  are  subject  to  all  of  the  hazards  and  risks  normally  encountered  in  the  exploration  and 
development  of  copper,  gold,  and  silver  projects  and  properties,  including  unusual  and  unexpected  geologic 
formations, seismic activity, rock slides, ground instabilities or failures, mechanical failures, flooding and other 
conditions involved in the drilling and removal of material, any of which could result in damage to, or destruction 
of facilities, damage to life or property, environmental damage and possible legal liability.  

13 

 
 
  
 
 
 
   
We  are  concentrated  in  the  copper/gold/silver  mining  industry,  and  as  such,  our  success  will  be  sensitive  to 
changes in, and our performance will depend to a greater extent on, the overall condition of the copper/gold/silver 
mining  industry.  Our  business  may  be  negatively  impacted  by  fluctuations  in  the  copper/gold/silver  mining 
industry  generally.    We  may  be  susceptible  to  an  increased  risk  of  loss,  including  losses  due  to  adverse 
occurrences affecting us more than the market as a whole, as a result of the fact that our projects and properties 
are concentrated in the copper/gold/silver mining sector.  

Technical Information  

The Company’s Mineral Reserve and Mineral Resource estimations as reported in this MD&A have been prepared 
in accordance with the CIM Definition Standards that are incorporated by reference in NI 43-101. The following 
definitions are reproduced from the CIM Definition Standards:  

A “Mineral Resource” is a concentration or occurrence of solid material of economic interest in or on the Earth’s 
crust  in  such  form,  grade  or  quality  and  quantity  that  there  are  reasonable  prospects  for  eventual  economic 
extraction. The location, quantity, grade or quality, continuity and other geological characteristics of a Mineral 
Resource  are  known,  estimated  or  interpreted  from  specific  geological  evidence  and  knowledge,  including 
sampling. Mineral Resources are sub-divided, in order of increasing geological confidence, into Inferred, Indicated 
and Measured categories.  

An “Inferred Mineral Resource” is that part of a Mineral Resource for which quantity and grade or quality are 
estimated on the basis of limited geological evidence and sampling. Geological evidence is sufficient to imply but 
not verify geological and grade or quality continuity. An Inferred Mineral Resource has a lower level of confidence 
than  that  applying  to  an  Indicated  Mineral  Resource  and  must  not  be  converted  to  a  Mineral  Reserve.  It  is 
reasonably  expected  that  the  majority  of  Inferred  Mineral  Resources  could  be  upgraded  to  Indicated  Mineral 
Resources with continued exploration.  

An “Indicated Mineral Resource” is that part of a Mineral Resource for which quantity, grade or quality, densities, 
shape and physical characteristics are estimated with sufficient confidence to allow the application of Modifying 
Factors (as defined below) in sufficient detail to support mine planning and evaluation of the economic viability 
of the deposit. Geological evidence is derived from adequately detailed and reliable exploration, sampling and 
testing and is sufficient to assume geological and grade or quality continuity between points of observation. An 
Indicated Mineral Resource has a lower level of confidence than that applying to a Measured Mineral Resource 
and may only be converted to a Probable Mineral Reserve.  

A “Measured Mineral Resource” is that part of a Mineral Resource for which quantity, grade or quality, densities, 
shape, and physical characteristics are estimated with confidence sufficient to allow the application of Modifying 
Factors to support detailed mine planning and final evaluation of the economic viability of the deposit. Geological 
evidence  is  derived  from  detailed  and  reliable  exploration,  sampling  and  testing  and  is  sufficient  to  confirm 
geological and grade or quality continuity between points of observation. A Measured Mineral Resource has a 
higher  level  of  confidence  than  that  applying  to  either  an  Indicated  Mineral  Resource  or  an  Inferred  Mineral 
Resource. It may be converted to a Proven Mineral Reserve or to a Probable Mineral Reserve. 

A  “Mineral  Reserve”  is  the  economically  mineable  part  of  a  Measured  and/or  Indicated  Mineral  Resource.  It 
includes diluting materials and allowances for losses, which may occur when the material is mined or extracted 
and is defined by studies at pre-feasibility or feasibility level as appropriate that include application of Modifying 
Factors. Such studies demonstrate that, at the time of reporting, extraction could reasonably be justified. The 
reference  point  at  which  Mineral  Reserves  are  defined,  usually  the  point  where  the  ore  is  delivered  to  the 
processing plant, must be stated. It is important that, in all situations where the reference point is different, such 
as for a saleable product, a clarifying statement is included to ensure that the reader is fully informed as to what 
is being reported. The public disclosure of a Mineral Reserve must be demonstrated by a pre-feasibility study or 
feasibility study.  

14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
A “Probable Mineral Reserve” is the economically mineable part of an Indicated, and in some circumstances, a 
Measured Mineral Resource. The confidence in the Modifying Factors applying to a Probable Mineral Reserve is 
lower than that applying to a Proven Mineral Reserve.  

A “Proven Mineral Reserve” is the economically mineable part of a Measured Mineral Resource. A Proven Mineral 
Reserve implies a high degree of confidence in the Modifying Factors.  

For the purposes of the CIM Definition Standards, “Modifying Factors” are considerations used to convert Mineral 
Resources  to  Mineral  Reserves.  These  include,  but  are  not  restricted  to,  mining,  processing,  metallurgical, 
infrastructure, economic, marketing, legal, environmental, social and governmental factors. 

Mineral Reserves and Mineral Resources Estimates 

The Company’s reported mineral reserves and mineral resources are estimations only. No assurance can be given 
that the estimated mineral reserves and mineral  resources are accurate or that the indicated level of copper, 
gold, silver or any other mineral will be will be recovered or produced.  Actual mineralization or formations may 
be different from those predicted.  It may take many years from the initial phase of drilling before production is 
possible  and  during  that  time  the  economic  feasibility  of  exploiting  a  discovery  may  change.    Market  price 
fluctuations of copper, gold and silver and certain other metals, as well as increased production and capital costs 
or reduced recovery rates, may render the Company’s mineral reserves uneconomic to develop.  Moreover, short-
term operating factors relating to the mineral reserves, such as the need for the orderly development of orebodies, 
the processing of new or  different ore grades, the technical  complexity of  ore bodies, unusual or unexpected 
geological  formations,  ore  dilution  or  varying  metallurgical  and  other  ore  characteristics  may  cause  mineral 
reserves to be reduced.  Estimated reserves may have to be recalculated based on fluctuations in the price of 
metals, or changes in other assumptions on which they are based.  Any of these factors may require the Company 
to reduces its mineral reserves and resources, which could have a negative impact on the Company’s business. 

Failure  to  obtain  or  maintain  necessary  permits  or  government  approvals  or  changes  to  applicable  legislation 
could  also  cause  the  Corporate  to  reduce  its  reserves.    In  addition,  changes  to  mine  plans  could  cause  the 
Company to reduce its reserves.  There is also no assurance that the Company will achieve indicated levels of 
copper, gold or silver recovery or obtain the prices assumed in determining such reserves. 
Mineral resources that are  not mineral reserves do not have demonstrated economic  viability and there is  no 
assurance  that  they  will  ever  be  mined  or  processed  profitably.    Due  to  the  uncertainty  which  may  attach  to 
mineral resources, there is no assurance that all or any part of Measured or Indicated mineral resources will ever 
be converted into mineral reserves; and no assurance that all or any part of an Inferred mineral resources exists 
or is economically or legally mineable. 

Metal Price Risk 

The Company’s portfolios of properties and investments have exposure to predominantly copper, gold, and silver.  
Commodity prices fluctuate widely and are affected by numerous factors beyond the Company’s control, such as 
the sale or purchase of metals by various central banks and financial institutions, interest rates, exchange rates, 
inflation or deflation, fluctuation in the value of the United States dollar and foreign currencies, global and regional 
supply and demand, and the political and economic conditions of major metals-producing and metals-consuming 
countries throughout the world.  The prices of these metals greatly affect the value of the Company, the price of 
the common shares of the Company and the potential value of its properties and investments.  This, in turn, 
greatly affects its ability to form joint ventures, option agreements and the structure of any joint ventures formed.  
This is due, at least in part, to the underlying value of the Company’s assets at different metals prices. 

15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current Global Financial Conditions 

Market events and conditions can cause significant volatility to commodity prices. Notwithstanding various actions 
by  governments,  concerns  about  the  general  condition  of  the  capital  markets,  financial  instruments,  banks, 
investment banks, insurers and other financial institutions can increase the levels of volatility in the global stock 
markets, which can adversely affect the Company’s operations and the value and price of the Company’s Common 
shares. The Company is dependent on the equity markets as its main source of operating working capital and 
the Company’s capital resources are largely determined by the strength of the resource markets and by the status 
of the Company’s projects in relation to these markets, and its ability to compete for the investor support of its 
projects.  Access  to  public  financing  has  been  negatively  impacted  by  concerns  over  global  growth  rates  and 
conditions. Consequently, equity financing may not be available to the Company in the amount required at any 
time or for any period or, if available, it may not be obtained on terms satisfactory to the Company. 

Permitting 

The Company’s development and exploration activities are subject to permitting requirements in both Argentina 
and Chile. In particular, comprehensive environmental assessments will be necessary for the project in Argentina 
in order to obtain the necessary approval for each of the project stages, which assessment will be conducted in 
compliance  with  Argentinian  regulations.  Project  development  will  also  require  an  environmental  impact 
assessment  study  in  Chile.  Following  the  receipt  of  environmental  approvals,  additional  permits,  licences, 
authorizations, and certificates will be required to proceed to project construction, including, for example, mining 
water and fuel delivery, sewage water treatment, hazardous waste plans, drilling and closure plans.  Failure to 
obtain required permits and/or to maintain compliance with permits once obtained could result in injunctions, 
fines, suspension or revocation of permits and other penalties.  

There  can  be  no  assurance  that  the  Company  will  obtain  all  such  permits  and/or  achieve  or  maintain  full 
compliance with such permits at all times. Activities required to obtain and/or achieve or maintain full compliance 
with such permits can be costly and involve extended timelines.  

Previously issued permits may be suspended or revoked for a variety of reasons, including through government 
or court action. Failure to obtain and/or comply with required permits can have serious consequences, including: 
damage to the Company’s reputation; stopping the Company from proceeding with the development of a project; 
negatively impacting further development of a mine; and increasing the costs of development and litigation or 
regulatory action against the Company, and may materially adversely affect the Company’s business, results of 
operations or financial condition. 

Foreign Operations Risk 

The Company conducts exploration activities in Argentina and Chile, which exposes the Company to risks that 
may  not  otherwise  be  experienced  if  all  operations  were  located  in  Canada.    The  risks  vary  from  country  to 
country and can include, but are not limited to, civil unrest or war, terrorism, illegal mining, changing political 
conditions,  fluctuations  in  currency  exchange  rates,  expropriation  or  nationalization  without  adequate 
compensation,  changes  to  royalty  and  tax  regimes,  high  rates  of  inflation,  labour  unrest  and  difficulty  in 
understanding and complying with the regulatory and legal framework respecting ownership and maintenance of 
mineral properties.  Changes in mining or investment policies or shifts in  political attitudes may also adversely 
affect  the  Company’s  existing  assets  and  operations.    Real  and  perceived  political  risk  may  also  affect  the 
Company’s ability to finance exploration programs and attract joint venture or option partners, and future mine 
development opportunities. 

Numerous  countries have introduced changes to mining regimes that reflect increased government control or 
participation  in  the  mining  sector,  including,  but  not  limited  to,  changes  of  law  affecting  foreign  ownership, 
mandatory government participation, taxation and royalties, exploration licensing, export duties, and repatriation 
of  income  or  return  of  capital.    There  can  be  no  assurance  that  industries,  which  are  deemed  of  national  or 

16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
strategic  importance  in  countries  in  which  the  Company  has  assets,  including  mineral  exploration,  will  not  be 
nationalized.  There  is  a  risk  that  further  government  limitations,  restrictions  or  requirements,  not  presently 
foreseen,  will  be  implemented.  Changes  in  policy  that  alter  laws  regulating  the  mining  industry  could  have  a 
material adverse effect on the Company. There can be no assurance that the Company’s assets in these countries 
will not be subject to nationalization, requisition or confiscation, whether legitimate or not, by an authority or 
body. 

In addition, in the event of a dispute arising from foreign operations, the Company may be subject to the exclusive 
jurisdiction of foreign courts or may not be successful in subjecting foreign persons to the jurisdiction of courts 
in  Canada.  The  Company  also  may  be  hindered  or  prevented  from  enforcing  its  rights  with  respect  to  a 
governmental instrumentality because of the doctrine of sovereign immunity. It is not possible for the Company 
to accurately predict such developments or changes in laws or policy or to what extent any such developments 
or changes may have a material adverse effect on the Company. 

Economic and Political Instability in Argentina 

The Filo del Sol Project is located in San Juan Province, Argentina.  There are risks relating to an uncertain or 
unpredictable political and economic environment in Argentina, especially as there is social opposition to mining 
operations in certain parts of the country. During an economic crisis in 2001 to 2003 and again in 2014, Argentina 
defaulted  on  foreign  debt  repayments  and  on  the  repayment  on  a  number  of  official  loans  to  multinational 
organizations.  In  addition,  the  government  has  renegotiated  or  defaulted  on  contractual  arrangements.  The 
previous Argentinean government placed currency controls on the ability of companies and its citizens to obtain 
United  States dollars, in each  case requiring Central Bank approval (resulting in,  at times, a limitation  on the 
ability of multi-national companies to distribute dividends abroad in United States dollars) and revoked exemptions 
previously granted to companies in the oil and gas and mining sectors from the obligation to repatriate 100% of 
their  export  revenues  to  Argentina  for  conversion  in  the  local  foreign  exchange  markets,  prior  to  transferring 
funds locally or overseas. Similarly, the government adopted a requirement that importers provide notice to the 
government and obtain approval for importation before placing orders for certain goods. These measures have 
been lifted by the new government that took office in December 2015.  However, the past actions indicate that 
the Argentinean government may from time to time alter or impose additional requirements or policies that may 
adversely affect the Company’s activities in Argentina or in its ability to attract joint venture partners or obtain 
financing for its projects in the future. 

Currency Risk 

The Company will transact business in a number of currencies including but not limited to the  US  Dollar, the 
Argentine Peso and the Chilean Peso. The Argentine Peso in particular has had significant fluctuations in value 
relative  to  the  US  and  Canadian  dollars.  Ongoing  economic  uncertainty  in  Argentina,  including  inflationary 
pressures, as well as unpredictable changes to foreign exchange rules may result in fluctuations in the value of 
the Argentine Peso that are greater than those experienced in the recent past.  Fluctuations in exchange rates 
may have a significant effect on the cash flows of the Company. Future changes in exchange rates could materially 
affect the Company’s results in either a positive or a negative direction. The Company does not currently engage 
in foreign currency hedging activities. 

Title Risk 

The Company has investigated its right to explore and exploit its properties and, to the best of its knowledge, 
those rights are in good standing.  The results of the Company’s investigations  should  not  be construed as a 
guarantee of title.  Other parties may dispute the title to a property, or the property may be subject to prior 
unregistered agreements or liens and transfers or land claims by aboriginal, native, or indigenous peoples. The 
title may be affected by undetected encumbrances or defects or governmental actions. The Company has not 
conducted surveys of all of its properties, and the precise area and location of claims or the properties may be 
challenged and no assurances can be given that there are no title defects affecting such properties.  The rules 

17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
governing  mining  concessions  in  Chile  and  Argentina  are  complex  and  any  failure  by  the  Company  to  meet 
requirements would have a material adverse effect on the Company.  Any defects in the title to the Company’s 
properties could have a material and adverse effect on the Company. 

No assurance can be given that applicable governments will not revoke or significantly alter the conditions of the 
applicable exploration and mining authorizations nor that such exploration and mining authorizations will not be 
challenged or impugned by third parties.  Although the Company has not had any problem renewing its licenses 
in the past there is no guarantee that it will always be able to do so. Inability to renew a license could result in 
the loss of any project located within that license. 

The Company is earning an interest in the Tamberias property through an option agreement requiring property 
payments and acquisition of title to the properties is completed only when the option conditions have been met.   
If  the  Company  does  not  satisfactorily  complete  these  option  conditions  in  the  period  laid  out  in  the  option 
agreements, the Company’s title to the related property will not vest and the Company will have to write down 
its previously capitalized costs related to that property. 

Dependence on Single Project 

The Filo del Sol Project is the Company’s sole project and therefore, any adverse development with respect to 
the Filo del Sol Project will have a material adverse effect on the Company.   

Negative Operating Cash Flow 

The Company is an exploration stage company and has not generated cash flow from operations. The Company 
is devoting significant resources to the development and acquisition of its properties, however there can be no 
assurance that it will generate positive cash flow from operations in the future. The Company expects to continue 
to incur negative consolidated operating cash flow and losses until such time as it achieves commercial production 
at a particular project. The Company currently has negative cash flow from operating activities.  

Uncertainty of Funding 

The exploration and development of mineral properties requires a substantial amount of capital and may depend 
on  the  Company’s  ability  to  obtain  financing  through  joint  ventures,  debt  financing,  equity  financing  or  other 
means.  General market conditions, volatile metals prices, a claim against the Company, a significant disruption 
to the Company’s business, or other factors may make it difficult to secure the necessary financing. There is no 
assurance that the Company will be successful in obtaining required financing as and when needed on acceptable 
terms. Failure to obtain any necessary additional financing may result in delaying or indefinite postponement of 
exploration or development or even a loss of property interest.  If the Company needs to raise additional funds, 
such financing may substantially dilute the interests of shareholders of the Company and reduce the value of 
their investment. 

Control of Filo  

As at the date of this MD&A, Zebra and Lorito Holdings S.à.r.l. (“Lorito”), who report their security holdings as 
joint actors, together own 22,209,203 Common shares of the Company, representing 30.5% of the issued and 
outstanding Common shares.  Accordingly, they are considered to be control persons of Filo. As long as Zebra 
and  Lorito  maintain  their  current  interests  in  Filo,  they  will  have  the  ability  to  exercise  certain  influence  with 
respect to the affairs of Filo and significantly affect the outcome of the votes of shareholders. There is a risk that 
the interests of Zebra and Lorito differ from those of other shareholders.  

As a result of the current shareholdings of Zebra and Lorito, there is a risk that the Company’s securities are less 
liquid and trade at a relative discount compared to circumstances where these persons did not have the ability 
to influence or determine matters affecting Filo. Additionally, there is a risk that their current ownership interests 

18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
in Filo discourages transactions involving a change of control of Filo, including transactions in which an investor, 
as a holder of the Company’s securities, would otherwise receive a premium for its Corporation’s securities over 
the then-current market price.  

Future offerings of debt or equity securities 

The Company may require additional funds to finance further exploration, development and production activities, 
or to take advantage of unanticipated opportunities.  If the Company raises additional funds by issuing additional 
equity  securities,  such  financing  would  dilute  the  economic  and  voting  rights  of  the  Company’s  shareholders.  
Since the Company’s capital needs depend on market conditions and other factors beyond its control, it cannot 
predict  or  estimate  the  amount,  timing  or  nature  of  any  such  future  offering  of  securities.    Thus,  holders  of 
common shares of the Company bear the risk of any future offerings reducing the market price of the common 
shares and diluting their shareholdings in the Company. 

Corruption and Bribery 

The Company is required to comply with anti-corruption and anti-bribery laws, including the Extractive Sector 
Transparency Measures Act, the Canadian Corruption of Foreign Public Officials Act and the U.S. Foreign Corrupt 
Practices Act, as well as similar laws in the countries in which the Company conducts its business. If the Company 
finds itself subject to an enforcement action or is found to be in violation of such laws, this may result in significant 
penalties, fines and/or sanctions imposed on the Company resulting in a material adverse effect on the Company. 

Conflicts of Interest 

Some of the directors and employees/officers of the Company are also directors and employees/officers of other 
companies  that  are  similarly  engaged  in  the  business  of  acquiring,  exploring  and  developing  natural  resource 
properties.   In addition, certain individuals also serve as officers of Filo Mining and are subject to the Services 
Agreement.  Such associations may give rise to conflicts of interest from time to time. In particular,  one of the 
consequences will be that corporate opportunities presented to a director or employee/officer of  the Company 
may be offered to another Corporation, or companies with which the director or employee/officer is associated, 
and  may  not  be  presented  or  made  available  to  the  Company.  The  directors  and  employees/officers  of  the 
Company are required by law to act honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interests of the Company, 
to disclose any interest that they may have in any project or opportunity of the Company, and to abstain from 
voting on such matter. Conflicts of interest that arise will be subject to and governed by the procedures prescribed 
by the Company’s Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and the CBCA. 

Internal Controls 

Internal  controls  over  financial  reporting  are  procedures  designed  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  that 
transactions  are  properly  authorized,  assets  are  safeguarded  against  unauthorized  or  improper  use,  and 
transactions are properly recorded and reported. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, 
can  provide  only  reasonable,  not  absolute,  assurance  with  respect  to  the  reliability  of  financial  reporting  and 
financial statement preparation. 

Information Systems and Cyber Security  

The Company's operations depend on information technology (“IT”) systems.  These IT systems could be subject 
to network disruptions caused by a variety of sources, including computer viruses, security breaches and cyber-
attacks, as well as disruptions resulting from incidents such as cable cuts, damage to physical plants, natural 
disasters, terrorism, fire, power loss, vandalism and theft. The Company's operations also depend on the timely 
maintenance, upgrade and replacement of networks, equipment, IT systems and software, as well as pre-emptive 
expenses  to  mitigate  the  risks  of  failures.  Any  of  these  and  other  events  could  result  in  information  system 
failures,  delays  and/or  increase  in  capital  expenses.  The  failure  of  information  systems  or  a  component  of 

19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
information  systems  could,  depending  on  the  nature  of  any  such  failure,  adversely  impact  the  Company's 
reputation and results of operations.  

Although  to  date  the  Company  has  not  experienced  any  material  losses  relating  to  cyber  attacks  or  other 
information  security  breaches,  there  can  be  no  assurance  that  the  Company  will  not  incur  such  losses  in  the 
future. The Company's risk and exposure to these matters cannot be fully mitigated because of, among other 
things,  the  evolving  nature  of  these  threats.  As  a  result,  cyber  security  and  the  continued  development  and 
enhancement of controls, processes and practices designed to protect systems, computers, software, data and 
networks from attack, damage or unauthorized access remain a priority. As cyber threats continue to evolve, the 
Company may be required to expend additional resources to continue to modify or enhance protective measures 
or to investigate and remediate any security vulnerabilities. 

Competition 

There  is  aggressive  competition  within  the  mining  industry  for  the  discovery  and  acquisition  of  properties 
considered to have commercial potential, as well as the necessary labour and supplies required to develop such 
properties.  The Company competes with other exploration and mining companies, many of which have greater 
financial resources,  operational experience and technical capabilities than the Company,  for the acquisition  of 
mineral  claims,  leases  and  other  mineral  interests  as  well  as  for  the  recruitment  and  retention  of  qualified 
employees and other personnel. The Company may not be able to maintain or acquire attractive mining properties 
on terms it considers acceptable, or at all.  Consequently, its financial condition could be materially adversely 
affected. 

Uninsurable Risks 

Exploration,  development  and  production  operations  on  mineral  properties  involve  numerous  risks,  including 
unexpected or unusual geological operating conditions, rock bursts, cave-ins, fires, floods, earthquakes and other 
environmental occurrences, as well as political and social instability. It is not always possible to obtain insurance 
against all such risks and the Company may decide not to insure against certain risks because of high premiums 
or other reasons. Should such liabilities arise, they could reduce or eliminate any further profitability and result 
in increasing costs and a decline in the value of the securities of the Company. The Company does not maintain 
insurance against political risks. 

Infrastructure 

Development and exploration activities depend on adequate infrastructure. Reliable roads, bridges, power and 
water supplies are important determinants that affect costs. The Company’s ability to obtain a secure supply of 
power  and  water  at  a  reasonable  cost  depends  on  many  factors,  including:  global  and  regional  supply  and 
demand;  political  and  economic  conditions;  problems  that  can  affect  local  supplies;  delivery;  and  relevant 
regulatory  regimes.    Power  and  water  are  currently  in  short  supply  throughout  Northern  Chile  and  this  may 
adversely affect the ability of the Company to explore and develop its Chilean projects.  Unusual or infrequent 
weather phenomena, sabotage or government, and other interference in the maintenance or provision of such 
infrastructure could adversely affect the activities and profitability of the Company. 

Establishing  such  infrastructure  will  require  significant  resources,  identification  of  adequate  sources  of  raw 
materials and supplies and necessary cooperation from national and regional governments, none of which can 
be assured.  There is no guarantee that the Company will secure these power, water and access rights going 
forward or on reasonable terms. 

Tax 

The Company runs its business in different countries and strives to run its business in as tax efficient a manner 
as possible. The tax systems in certain of these countries are complicated and subject to changes. For this reason, 

20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
future  negative  effects  on  the  result  of  the  Company  due  to  changes  in  tax  regulations  cannot  be  excluded. 
Repatriation of earnings to Canada from other countries may be subject to withholding taxes. The Company has 
no control over withholding tax rates. 

Dependence on Key Personnel 

The  Company’s  success  will  largely  depend  on  the  efforts  and  abilities  of  certain  senior  officers  and  key 
employees.  Certain of these individuals have significant experience in the mining industry and, in particular the 
mining industry in South America. While the Company does not foresee any reason why such officers and key 
employees will not remain with  the Company, if for any reason they do not,  the Company could be adversely 
affected.    In  addition,  certain  of  these  individuals  are  also  senior  officers  and  key  employees  of  NGEx  and, 
pursuant to the terms of a services agreement between  the Company and NGEx dated August 16, 2016 (the 
“Services Agreement”), the employment costs associated with these individuals are shared between the Company 
and NGEx on a pro-rata basis.  If such officers and key employees do not remain employed with NGEx for the 
purposes  of  the  cost-sharing  basis  under  the  Services  Agreement,  the  Company  could  be  adversely  affected.   
The Company has not purchased key man life insurance for any of these individuals. 

QUALIFIED PERSON 

The  scientific  and  technical  disclosure  for  the  Filo  del  Sol  Project  included  in  this  MD&A  have  been  reviewed  and 
approved by Bob Carmichael, P. Eng. (BC) and/or James Beck, B.A.Sc., P.Eng. Mr. Carmichael is Filo Mining's Vice-
President of Exploration and a Qualified Person under National Instrument 43-101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral 
Projects. (“NI 43-101”).  Mr. Beck is Filo Mining’s Vice-President of Corporate Development and Projects and is also a 
Qualified Person under NI 43-101. 

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS 

Certain statements made and information contained herein in the MD&A constitutes “forward-looking information” and 
forward-looking  statements”  within  the  meaning  of  applicable  securities  legislation  (collectively,  “forward-looking 
information”  or  “forward-looking  statements”)  concerning  the  business,  operations,  financial  performance  and 
condition of Filo Mining.  The forward-looking information contained in this MD&A is based on information available to 
the Company as of the date of this MD&A. Except as required under applicable securities legislation, the Company 
does  not  intend,  and  does  not  assume  any  obligation,  to  update  this  forward-looking  information.    Generally,  any 
statements that express or involve discussions with respect to predictions, expectations, beliefs, plans, projections, 
objectives, assumptions or future events or performance, (often, but not always, identified by words or phrases such 
as "plans", "expects" or "does not expect", "is expected", "budget", "scheduled", "estimates", "forecasts", "intends", 
“projects” , “estimates”, “budgets”, “scheduled”, “forecasts”, “assumes”, “intends”, “strategy”, “goals”, “objectives”, 
“potential”, “possible”, "anticipates" or "does not anticipate", or "believes", or variations of such words and phrases or 
statements that certain actions, events, conditions or results “will”, "may", "could", "would", “should”, "might" or "will 
be  taken",  "will  occur"  or  "will  be  achieved"  or  the  negative  connotations  thereof  and  similar  expressions)  are  not 
statements of historical fact and may be forward-looking statements.   

All statements other than statements of historical fact may be forward-looking statements. Forward-looking information 
is  necessarily  based  on  estimates  and  assumptions  that  are  inherently  subject  to  known  and  unknown  risks, 
uncertainties and other factors that may cause the actual results, level of activity, performance or achievements of 
the Company to be materially different from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking information, including 
but not limited to: risks and uncertainties relating to, among other things, the inherent uncertainties regarding mineral 
resource  estimates,  cost  estimates,  changes  in  commodity  prices,  currency  fluctuation,  financings,  unanticipated 
resource grades, infrastructure, results of exploration activities, cost overruns, availability of materials and equipment, 
timeliness of government approvals, taxation, political risk and related economic risk and unanticipated environmental 
impact on operations as well as other risks, and uncertainties and other factors, including, without limitation, those 

21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
referred to in the “Risks and Uncertainties” section of the MD&A and in the Company’s most recent Annual Information 
Form,  under  the  heading  “Risks  Factors”,  and  elsewhere,  which  may  cause  the  actual  results,  level  of  activity, 
performance  or  achievements  of  the  Company  to  be  materially  different  from  those  expressed  or  implied  by  such 
forward-looking information. 

The Company believes that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements and information included in 
this MD&A are reasonable but no assurance can be given that these expectations will prove to be correct and such 
forward-looking statements and information should not be unduly relied upon.  This statement and information  is as 
of the date of the MD&A.  In particular, this MD&A contains forward-looking statements or information pertaining to 
the assumptions used in the PFS for the Filo del Sol project, the assumptions used in the mineral reserves and resources 
estimates  for  the  Filo  del  Sol  project,  including,  but  not  limited  to,  geological  interpretation,  grades,  metal  price 
assumptions,  metallurgical  and  mining  recovery  rates,  geotechnical  and  hydrogeological  conditions,  as  applicable; 
ability to develop infrastructure; assumptions made in the interpretation of drill results, geology, grade and continuity 
of mineral deposits; expectations regarding access and demand for equipment, skilled labour and services needed for 
exploration and development of mineral properties; and that activities will not be adversely disrupted or impeded by 
exploration,  development,  operating,  regulatory,  political,  community,  economic  and/or  environmental  risks.    In 
addition, this MD&A contains forward-looking statements or information pertaining to the undertaking and timing of a 
Feasibility  Study  or  a  feasibility-level  study;  potential  results  of  further  metallurgical  testwork,  ability  to  secure 
additional financing and/or the quantum and terms thereof; exploration and development plans and expenditures; the 
timing and nature of studies and any potential development scenarios; opportunities to improve project economics; 
the success of future exploration activities; potential for resource expansion; potential for the discovery of new mineral 
deposits;  ability  to  build  shareholder  value;  expectations  with  regard  to  adding  to  mineral  reserves  or  resources 
through  exploration;  expectations  with  respect  to  the  conversion  of  inferred  resources  to  an  indicated  resources 
classification; ability to execute the Planned Work programs; estimation of commodity prices, mineral reserves and 
resources, costs, and permitting time lines; ability to obtain surface rights and property interests; currency exchange 
rate fluctuations; requirements for additional capital; government regulation of mining activities; environmental risks; 
unanticipated reclamation expenses; title disputes or claims; limitations on insurance coverage; and other risks and 
uncertainties. 

Forward-looking information is based on certain assumptions that the Company believes are reasonable, including that 
the current price of and demand for commodities will be sustained or will improve, the supply of commodities will 
remain stable, that the general business and economic conditions will not change in a material adverse manner, that 
financing will be available if and when needed on reasonable terms and that the Company will not experience any 
material labour dispute, accident, or failure of plant or equipment.  These factors are not, and should not be construed 
as  being,  exhaustive.   Although  the  Company  has  attempted  to  identify  important  factors  that  would  cause  actual 
results to differ materially from those contained in forward-looking information, there may be other factors that cause 
results not to be as anticipated, estimated, or intended.  There can be no assurance that such statements will prove 
to be accurate, as the Company’s actual results and future events could differ materially from those anticipated in 
such  statements,  as  a  result  of  the  factors  discussed  in  the  “Risk  and  Uncertainties”  section  of  this  MD&A,  and 
elsewhere, and in the “Risk Factors” section of the Company’s most recent Annual Information Form, which is available 
under the Company’s profile on SEDAR at www.sedar.com.  All of the forward-looking information contained in this 
document is qualified by these cautionary statements.  Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-
looking information due to the inherent uncertainty thereof. 

Statements relating to "mineral resources" are deemed to be forward looking information, as they involve the implied 
assessment,  based  on  certain  estimates  and  assumptions,  that  the  mineral  resources  described  can  be  profitably 
produced in the future. 

22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Independent auditor’s report 

To the Shareholders of Filo Mining Corp. 

Our opinion 

In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, 
the financial position of Filo Mining Corp. and its subsidiaries (together, the Company) as at December 31, 
2018 and 2017, and its financial performance and its cash flows for the years then ended in accordance 
with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). 

What we have audited 
The Company’s consolidated financial statements comprise: 











the consolidated statements of financial position as at December 31, 2018 and 2017; 

the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss for the years then ended; 

the consolidated statements of cash flows for the years then ended;  

the consolidated statements of changes in equity for the years then ended; and 

the notes to the consolidated financial statements, which include a summary of significant 
accounting policies. 

Basis for opinion 

We conducted our audit in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards. Our 
responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit 
of the consolidated financial statements section of our report. 

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our 
opinion. 

Independence 
We are independent of the Company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our 
audit of the consolidated financial statements in Canada. We have fulfilled our other ethical 
responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. 

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP 
PricewaterhouseCoopers Place, 250 Howe Street, Suite 1400, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6C 3S7 
T: +1 604 806 7000, F: +1 604 806 7806 

“PwC” refers to PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an Ontario limited liability partnership. 

Other information 

Management is responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the Management's 
Discussion and Analysis. 

Our opinion on the consolidated financial statements does not cover the other information and we do not 
express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. 

In connection with our audit of the consolidated financial statements, our responsibility is to read the 
other information identified above and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially 
inconsistent with the consolidated financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit, or 
otherwise appears to be materially misstated. 

If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other 
information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard. 

Responsibilities of management and those charged with governance for the 
consolidated financial statements 

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the consolidated financial 
statements in accordance with IFRS, and for such internal control as management determines is necessary 
to enable the preparation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, 
whether due to fraud or error. 

In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is responsible for assessing the 
Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going 
concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless management either intends to liquidate 
the Company or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so. 

Those charged with governance are responsible for overseeing the Company’s financial reporting process.  

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the consolidated financial statements 

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements as 
a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s 
report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee 
that an audit conducted in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards will always 
detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are 
considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the 
economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these consolidated financial statements. 

As part of an audit in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards, we exercise 
professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also: 













Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, 
whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and 
obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk 
of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from 
error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the 
override of internal control. 

Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit 
procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an 
opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control. 

Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting 
estimates and related disclosures made by management. 

Conclude on the appropriateness of management’s use of the going concern basis of accounting and, 
based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or 
conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. 
If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor’s 
report to the related disclosures in the consolidated financial statements or, if such disclosures are 
inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to 
the date of our auditor’s report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Company to 
cease to continue as a going concern.  

Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the consolidated financial statements, 
including the disclosures, and whether the consolidated financial statements represent the 
underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation. 

Obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the entities or 
business activities within the Company to express an opinion on the consolidated financial 
statements. We are responsible for the direction, supervision and performance of the group audit. 
We remain solely responsible for our audit opinion. 

We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope 
and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal 
control that we identify during our audit.  

We also provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with relevant 
ethical requirements regarding independence, and to communicate with them all relationships and other 
matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, related 
safeguards. 

The engagement partner on the audit resulting in this independent auditor’s report is Craig McMillan. 

“(signed) PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP” 

Chartered Professional Accountants 

Vancouver, British Columbia 
March 19, 2019 

Filo Mining Corp. 
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position 
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars) 

Note 

December 31, 
 2018 

December 31, 
2017 

ASSETS 
Current assets: 

Cash  
Receivables and other assets  

Mineral properties  

TOTAL ASSETS 

LIABILITIES 
Current liabilities: 
     Trade payables and accrued liabilities 
     Amounts owing pursuant to credit facility  
TOTAL LIABILITIES 

SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY 

Share capital  
Contributed surplus 
Deficit 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss 

6 

7 

8 

9 

$   2,405,109 
2,414,486 

$   2,417,407 
1,296,353 

4,819,595 
7,118,233 

3,713,760 
6,479,344 

11,937,828 

10,193,104 

3,218,576 
2,202,548 
5,421,124 

2,252,172 
- 
2,252,172 

84,350,227 
5,554,793 
(83,244,040) 
(144,276) 

59,481,338 
2,877,642 
(54,352,813) 
(65,235) 

TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY 

6,516,704 

7,940,932 

TOTAL LIABILITIES AND 
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY 

Commitments (Note 17) 
Subsequent Events (Note 8) 

  $   11,937,828 

$   10,193,104 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

On behalf of the Board: 

/s/Alessandro Bitelli   
Director 

/s/Wojtek A. Wodzicki 
Director

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Filo Mining Corp. 
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss 
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars) 

Expenses 
   Exploration and project investigation 

   General and administration: 

  Salaries and benefits  
  Share-based compensation  
  Management fees  
  Professional fees 
  Travel 
  Promotion and public relations 
  Office and general 

Operating loss 

Other expenses 

Gain on disposal of mineral properties 
Credit facility financing costs 
Foreign exchange loss (gain) 
Net monetary gain 

Net loss 

Note 

Year ended 
            December 31, 
2017 
2018 

11 

$ 24,117,885 

$ 15,019,239 

10c 

12c 
8 

4 

1,664,034 
2,115,183 
226,225 
132,109 
143,392 
439,272 
237,942 
29,076,042 

(422,635) 
53,719 
223,265 
(39,164) 
28,891,227 

1,101,723 
1,659,287 
153,600 
167,763 
182,927 
163,499 
261,226 
18,709,264 

- 
- 
(14,146) 
- 
18,695,118 

Other comprehensive loss (gain) 
   Items that may be reclassified subsequently to net loss: 
      Foreign currency translation adjustment 
      Impact of hyperinflation 
Comprehensive loss 

4 

473,961 
(394,920) 
$ 28,970,268 

189,201 
- 
$ 18,884,319 

Basic and diluted loss per common share 

$     0.41 

$     0.30 

Weighted average common shares outstanding 

70,834,466 

61,891,059 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Filo Mining Corp. 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars) 

Cash flows used in operating activities 
Net loss for the year 
Items not involving cash: 

Share-based compensation  
Gain on disposal of mineral properties  
Credit facility financing costs  
Net monetary loss  
Unrealized foreign exchange loss  
Net changes in working capital items: 

Receivables and other  
Trade payables and accrued liabilities 

Cash flows from financing activities 
Proceeds from the Financings, net 
Drawdown from credit facility, net  
Proceeds from exercise of share options 

Cash flows used in investing activities 

Proceeds from disposal of mineral properties 
Mineral properties and related expenditures 

Note 

10c 
12c 
8 

9 

12c 
7 

Year ended 
            December 31, 
2017 
2018 

$  (28,891,227)  $  (18,695,118) 

2,720,921 
(422,635) 
53,719 
63,158 
53,522 

2,111,107 
- 
- 
- 
- 

(1,766,718) 
2,263,185 
(25,926,075) 

(850,040) 
235,416 
(17,198,635) 

24,384,864 
2,127,288 
408,275 
26,920,427 

- 
- 
969,875 
969,875 

64,919 
(528,895) 
(463,976) 

- 
(398,012) 
(398,012) 

Effect of exchange rate change on cash 

(542,674) 

(420,650) 

Decrease in cash during the year 

Cash, beginning of year 

Cash, end of year 

(12,298) 

(17,047,422) 

2,417,407  $  19,464,829 

2,405,109  $ 

2,417,407 

$ 

$ 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
       
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Filo Mining Corp. 
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity 
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars) 

Number of 
Shares 

Note 

Share Capital 

Contributed 
Surplus 

Deficit 

Accumulated 
Other 
Comprehensive 
Income (Loss) 

Total 
Shareholders’ 
Equity 

Balance, January 1, 2017 
Share-based compensation 
Exercise of options 
Net loss and other  
   comprehensive loss 
Balance, December 31, 2017 

61,388,450 
- 
880,000 

$   58,511,463 
- 
969,875 

$      766,535 
2,111,107 
- 

$  (35,657,695) 
- 
- 

$     123,966 
- 
- 

$    23,744,269 
2,111,107 
969,875 

- 
  62,268,450  $ 59,481,338 

- 

(18,695,118) 
$  2,877,642  $(54,352,813) 

- 

(189,201) 
$   (65,235) 

(18,884,319) 
$ 7,940,932 

Balance, January 1, 2018 
Share-based compensation 
Shares issued pursuant to the Financings 
Share issuance costs 
Shares issued pursuant to credit facility 
Exercise of options 
Net loss and other comprehensive income 
Balance, December 31, 2018 

10c 
9 

62,268,450 
- 
9,823,195 
- 
12,300 
471,250 
- 

$  (54,352,813) 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
(28,891,227) 
72,575,195  $ 84,350,227  $     5,554,793  $(83,244,040) 

$   59,481,338  $      2,877,642 
2,720,921 
- 
- 
- 
(43,770) 
- 

- 
25,540,307 
(1,155,443) 
31,980 
452,045 
- 

$     (65,235) 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
(79,041) 
$     (144,276) 

$    7,940,932 
2,720,921 
25,540,307 
(1,155,443) 
31,980 
408,275 
(28,970,268) 
$ 6,516,704 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Filo Mining Corp. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

1.  NATURE OF OPERATIONS AND LIQUIDITY 

Filo Mining Corp. (the “Company” or “Filo Mining”) was incorporated on May 12, 2016 under the Canada 
Business Corporations Act in connection the plan of arrangement to reorganize NGEx Resources Inc. 
(“NGEx”), which was completed on August 16, 2016. 

The Company’s principal business activities are the exploration and development of the Filo del Sol and 
Tamberias  Properties,  which  are  comprised  of  adjacent  mineral  titles  in  the  San  Juan  Province  in 
Argentina and in Chile. Its registered office is located at Suite 2200, 885 West Georgia Street, Vancouver, 
British Columbia, V6C 3E8, Canada.  The Company’s common shares trade on the TSX Venture Exchange 
(the "TSXV") and the NASDAQ First North Exchange under the symbol "FIL". 

While  the  consolidated  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  on  the  basis  that  the  Company  will 
continue as a going concern, which assumes that  it  will be able  to meet  its existing obligations and 
commitments and fund ongoing operations in the normal course of business for at least twelve months 
from December 31, 2018, the Company anticipates the need for further funding to support a planned 
field  program  at  its  South  American  operations  and  general  corporate  purposes.  The  Company  is 
currently evaluating potential additional sources of financing for its exploration program and operations. 
Historically, capital requirements have been primarily funded through equity financing, joint ventures, 
disposition  of  mineral  properties  and  investments,  and  the  use  of  short-term  credit  facilities.  While 
management is confident that additional sources of funding will be secured to fund planned expenditures 
for at least twelve months from December 31, 2018, factors that could affect the availability of financing 
include the progress and results of ongoing exploration at the Company’s mineral properties, the state 
of  international  debt  and  equity  markets,  and  investor  perceptions  and  expectations  of  the  global 
copper, gold, and/or silver markets. There can be no assurance that such financing will be available in 
the amount required at  any time or  for any period  or, if available, that  it  can be obtained on terms 
satisfactory to the Company. Based on the amount of funding raised, the Company’s planned exploration 
or other work programs may be postponed, or otherwise revised, as necessary. 

2.  BASIS OF PRESENTATION 

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial 
Reporting Standards (“IFRS”), as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) on 
a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and settlement of liabilities in the 
normal course of business. These  consolidated financial statements are prepared on a historical cost 
basis except for certain financial assets, which are measured at fair value. 

These consolidated financial statements were authorized for issuance by the Board of Directors of the 
Company on March 19, 2019.  

5 

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Filo Mining Corp. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

3.  ADOPTION OF NEW ACCOUNTING POLICY: FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted IFRS 9, Financial Instruments, which sets out the accounting 
standards for the classification and measurement of financial instruments.  IFRS 9 became effective for 
annual  periods  beginning  on  or  after  January  1,  2018,  and  replaces  IAS  39,  Financial Instruments: 
Recognition and Measurement.  The  new  standard  provides  a  model  for  the  classification  and 
measurement of financial instruments, a single forward-looking “expected loss” impairment model, and 
a reformed approach for hedge accounting.  As most of the requirements in IAS 39 for classification 
and measurement of financial liabilities  were carried forward into IFRS 9, the Company’s accounting 
policy with respect to financial liabilities is unchanged. 

The Company has determined that the adoption of this standard has resulted in no material impact to 
its consolidated financial statements. 

a)  Classification and measurement 

The Company completed a detailed assessment of its financial  assets and liabilities  as at  January 1, 
2018.  The following table shows the original classification under IAS 39 and the new classification under 
IFRS 9: 

Measurement 
basis 

Classification 
under 
IAS 39 

Classification 
under  
IFRS 9 

Cash  
Receivables and others 
Trade payables and accrued liabilities 
Amounts owing pursuant to credit facility 

Note 1 
Note 1 
Note 1 
Note 1 

Amortized cost 
Amortized cost 
Amortized cost 
Amortized cost 

Amortized cost 
Amortized cost 
Amortized cost 
Amortized cost 

Note 1 – Financial assets and liabilities at amortized costs are initially recognized at fair value plus or minus transaction costs, 
respectively, and subsequently carried at amortized cost less any impairment.  

b)  De-recognition 

The Company derecognizes financial assets when the contractual rights to cash flows from the financial 
assets expire, or when it transfers the financial assets and substantially all of the associated risk and 
rewards of ownership to another entity.  A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation under 
the liability is discharged, canceled or expired. Gains and losses on de-recognition of financial assets 
and liabilities are generally recognized in the consolidated statements of net losses.   

c)  Impairment 

The  Company  recognizes  a  loss  allowance  for  expected  credit  losses  on  financial  assets  that  are 
measured at amortized costs based on a probability-weighted estimate of credit losses over the expected 
life of the financial asset.   

6 

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Filo Mining Corp. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

At each reporting date, the Company measures the loss allowance for the financial asset at an amount 
equal  to  the  lifetime  expected  credit  losses  if  the  credit  risk  on  the  financial  asset  has  increased 
significantly since initial recognition.  If at the reporting date, the credit risk on the financial asset has 
not increased significantly since initial recognition, the Company measures the loss allowance for the 
financial  asset  at  an  amount  equal  to  twelve  month  expected  credit  losses.    Impairment  losses  on 
financial  assets  carried  at  amortized  cost  are  reversed  in  subsequent  periods  if  the  expected  credit 
losses are reversed after the impairment was recognized. 

4.  ADOPTION OF NEW ACCOUNTING POLICY: HYPERINFLATION 

Due to various qualitative factors and developments with respect to the economic environment in 
Argentina during the year ended December 31, 2018, including, but not limited to, the acceleration 
of  multiple  local  inflation  indices,  the  three-year  cumulative  inflation  rate  of  the  local  Argentine 
wholesale price index exceeding 100% in May 2018 and the significant devaluation of the Argentine 
Peso, Argentina has been designated a hyper-inflationary economy as of July 1, 2018 for accounting 
purposes.  

Accordingly,  IAS  29, Financial Reporting in Hyper-Inflationary Economies,  has  been  adopted  and 
applied to these consolidated financial statements as the Company’s Argentine operating subsidiary, 
Filo  del  Sol  Exploracion  S.A.  (“FDS”)  uses  the  Argentine  Peso  as  its  functional  currency.  The 
Company also followed the interpretive guidance for first time adoption of IAS 29 included within 
IFRIC 7.  The consolidated financial statements are based on the historical cost approach in IAS 29. 

The application of hyperinflation accounting requires restatement of the Argentine subsidiaries’ non-
monetary  assets  and  liabilities,  shareholders’  equity  and  comprehensive  loss  items  from  the 
transaction date when they were first recognized into the current purchasing power which reflects 
a price index current at the end of the reporting period before being included in the consolidated 
financial statements.   To measure the impact of inflation on its financial position and results, the 
Company has elected to use the Wholesale Price Index (Indice de Precios Mayoristas or ”IPIM”) for 
periods up to December 31, 2016, and the Retail Price Index (Indice de Precios al Consumidor or 
“IPC”) thereafter.  These  price indices  have been  recommended by the  Government Board of the 
Argentine Federation of Professional Councils of Economic Sciences (“FACPCE”). 

As  the  consolidated  financial  statements  of  the  Company  have  been  previously  presented  in 
Canadian dollars, a stable currency, the comparative period amounts do not require restatement. 

For the period from July 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018 (the “Period”), the Company recognized a 
gain  of  approximately  $395,000  in  relation  to  the  impact  of  hyperinflation  within  other 
comprehensive income. This amount is primarily the result of hyperinflation adjustments recognized 
on non-monetary assets held by FDS as of July 1, 2018, which have been restated from the historic 
date when they were first recognized to July 1, 2018 (the “Opening Hyperinflation Adjustment”), 
and  then  to  the  current  date,  December  31,  2018.  On  initial  application  of  IAS  29,  there  is  an 
accounting  policy  choice  to  recognize  the  Opening  Hyperinflation  Adjustment  directly  to  opening 
equity or to other comprehensive income. The Company has elected to recognize this amount to 
other  comprehensive  income  and  it  is  included  in  the  figure  noted  above.  Due  to  continuing 
hyperinflationary adjustments subsequent to July 1, 2018, this amount has been largely offset by 
the continued devaluation of the Argentine Peso during the Period.  

7 

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Filo Mining Corp. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

As  a result of  the  change  in the IPC during  the  Period, the  Company  recognized a net  monetary 
gain within FDS of approximately $39,000, to adjust transactions recorded during the Period into a 
measuring unit current as of December 31, 2018.  

The level of the IPC at December 31, 2018 was 184.2, which represents an increase of 27% over 
the IPC at July 1, 2018, and an approximate 10% increase over the average level of the IPC during 
the Period. 

5.  SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

a) Consolidation 

The consolidated financial statements of the Company include the following subsidiaries: 

Subsidiaries 
NGEx Filo del Sol Holdings Inc. 
NGEx Chile Holdings Inc. 
Filo del Sol Uruguay S.A.  
Frontera Holdings (Bermuda) IV Ltd. 
Frontera Holdings (Bermuda) V Ltd. 
Filo del Sol Exploracion S.A. 
Frontera Chile Limitada 

Jurisdiction 
Canada 
Canada 
Uruguay 
Bermuda 
Bermuda 
Argentina 
Chile 

Nature of operations 
Holding company 
Holding company 
Holding company 
Holding company 
Holding company 
Exploration company 
Exploration company 

The Company consolidates an entity when it has power over that entity, is exposed, or has rights, to 
variable returns from its involvement with that entity and has the ability to affect those returns through 
its power over that entity. 

All the Company’s subsidiaries are wholly-owned and all intercompany balances, transactions, including 
income  and  expenses  arising  from  inter-company  transactions  are  eliminated  in  preparing  the 
consolidated financial statements.   

b) Critical accounting estimates and assumptions 

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS requires management 
to  make  estimates  and  assumptions  that  affect  the  reported  amounts  of  assets,  liabilities  and 
expenditures on the financial statements. These estimates and assumptions are based on management’s 
best knowledge of the relevant facts and circumstances taking into account previous experience. Actual 
results could differ from those estimates and such differences could be material. Estimates are reviewed 
on an ongoing basis and are based on historical experience and other facts and circumstances. Revisions 
to estimates and the resulting effects on the carrying amounts of the Company’s assets and liabilities are 
accounted  for  prospectively.  Information  about  estimates  and  assumptions  that  could  have  the  most 
significant effect on the recognition and measurement of assets is provided below. 

Valuation of mineral properties – The Company carries the acquisition costs of its mineral properties 
at  cost  less  any  provision  for  impairment.  The  Company  undertakes  periodic  reviews  of  the  carrying 
values of mineral properties and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying 
values  may  exceed  their  fair  value.  In  undertaking  these  reviews,  management  of  the  Company  is 
required to make significant estimates. These estimates are subject to various risks and uncertainties, 
which may ultimately have an effect on the expected recoverability of the carrying values of the mineral 
properties and related expenditures. 

8 

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Filo Mining Corp. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

Hyper-inflationary accounting – Beginning July 1, 2018, the Company has designated Argentina as 
a  hyper-inflationary  economy  in  accordance  with  IAS  29,  Financial Reporting in Hyper-inflationary 
Economies, and has therefore employed the use of the hyper-inflationary accounting to consolidate and 
report its Argentine operating subsidiary. The determination of whether an economy is hyper-inflationary 
requires the Company to make certain estimates and judgements, such as assessment of historic inflation 
rates and anticipation of future trends. In addition, the application of hyper-inflationary accounting in 
accordance with IAS 29 requires the selection and use of price indices to estimate the impact of inflation 
on the non-monetary assets and liabilities, and results of operations of the Company. The selection of 
price indices is  based on the  Company’s assessment  of various available price indices on the  basis of 
reliability and relevance. Changes in any such estimates may significantly impact the carrying value of 
those non-monetary assets or liabilities, and results of operations, which are subject to hyper-inflationary 
adjustments,  and  the  related  gains  and  losses  within  the  consolidated  statements  of  loss  and 
comprehensive loss. 

c)  Foreign currency translation 

These  consolidated  financial  statements  are  presented  in  Canadian  dollars,  which  is  the  Company’s 
functional  and  presentation  currency.  The  functional  currency  of  its  material  subsidiaries,  which  have 
operations in Chile and Argentina, is the Chilean peso and the Argentine peso, respectively. 

For the Company’s Argentine subsidiary, which is affected by hyper-inflationary accounting as described 
in Note 4 above, and uses the Argentine peso as its functional currency, the results and financial position 
of this subsidiary are translated into the presentation currency using the exchange rate prevailing at the 
date of the statement of financial position.  

The results and financial position of all other subsidiaries that have a functional currency different from 
the presentation currency are translated into the presentation currency as follows: 

  Assets  and  liabilities  for  each  statement  of  financial  position  presented  are  translated  using  the 

exchange rate prevailing at the date of that statement of financial position. 

 

Income, expenses, and other comprehensive income for each statement of comprehensive income 
are translated at average exchange rates (unless this average is not a reasonable approximation 
of the cumulative effect of the rates prevailing on the transaction dates, in which case income and 
expenses are translated at the rate on the dates of the transactions). 

  All resulting exchange differences are recognized as a separate component of equity and in other 

comprehensive income. 

d) Mineral properties and exploration expenditure 

The Company capitalizes acquisition costs for property rights, including payments for exploration rights 
and estimated fair value of exploration properties acquired as part of a business acquisition.   
Mineral  exploration  costs  and  maintenance  payments  are  expensed  prior  to  the  determination  that  a 
property has economically recoverable ore reserves. When it has been established that a mineral property 
is  considered  to  be  sufficiently  advanced  to  the  development  stage  and  economic  viability  has  been 
demonstrated,  all  further  expenditures  for  the  current  year  and  subsequent  years  are  capitalized  as 
incurred and subsequently amortized on a units of production based on proven and probable reserves of 
the assets to which they relate. 

9 

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Filo Mining Corp. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

e) Impairment of non-financial assets 

Assets  that  are  subject  to  amortization  are  reviewed  for  impairment  whenever  events  or  changes  in 
circumstances  indicate  that  the  carrying  amount  may  not  be  recoverable.  An  impairment  loss  is 
recognised for the amount by which the asset’s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The 
recoverable  amount  is  the  higher  of  an  asset’s  fair  value  less  costs  to  sell  and  value  in  use.  For  the 
purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately 
identifiable cash inflows (cash-generating units, or “CGU’s”). Value in use is determined as the present 
value of future cash inflows expected to be derived from a CGU using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects 
the current time value of money and the risks specific to that CGU. 

Non-financial assets  that  suffered impairment are reviewed for possible  reversal of the impairment at 
each reporting date. 

f)  Financial instruments 

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted IFRS 9, Financial Instruments, which sets out the accounting 
standards for the classification and measurement of financial instruments, and replaces IAS 39, Financial 
Instruments: Recognition and Measurement, as described in Note 3 above. 

g) Cash  

Cash includes cash on hand, deposits held at call with financial institutions, net of bank overdrafts. 

h) Current and deferred income tax 

The Company follows the liability method of accounting for income taxes.  Under the liability method, 
deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to 
differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their 
respective tax bases, unused tax losses and other income tax deductions. Deferred income tax assets 
are recognized for deductible temporary differences, unused tax losses and other income tax deductions 
to the extent that it is probable the Company will have taxable income against which those deductible 
temporary differences, unused tax losses and other income tax deductions can be utilized.   

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted or substantively enacted tax rates 
expected to apply when the related assets are realized or the liabilities are settled. The measurement of 
deferred  income  tax  assets  and  liabilities  reflects  the  tax  consequences  that  would  follow  from  the 
manner in which the Company expects, at the reporting date, to recover and settle the carrying amounts 
of  its  assets  and  liabilities,  respectively.  The  effect  on  deferred  income  tax  assets  and  liabilities  of  a 
change in tax rates is recognized in the period in which the change is substantively enacted. 

i)  Share capital 

Common shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issuance of new 
ordinary shares or options are show in equity as a deduction, net of tax, from the proceeds. 

10 

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Filo Mining Corp. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

j)  Share-based compensation 

The Company has a share-based compensation plan, whereby it is authorized to grant share options to 
officers, employees, directors, and other eligible persons.  The fair value of the options is measured at 
the date the options are granted, using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with assumptions for risk-
free interest rates, dividend yields, volatility of the expected market price of the common shares and an 
expected life of the options.  The fair value less estimated forfeitures is charged over the vesting period 
of the related options as an expense on its financial statements. 

k) Provisions 

Provisions for restructuring costs and legal  claims are recognized when: the Company has  a present 
legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events; it is probable that an outflow of resources will 
be required to settle the obligation; and the amount can be reliably estimated. 

Provisions are measured at the present value of the expenditures expected to be required to settle the 
obligations using the pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money 
and  the  risks  specific  to  the  obligation.  The  increase  in  the  provision  due  to  the  passage  of  time  is 
recognized as interest expense. 

l)  Leases 

Leases in which a significant portion of the risks and rewards of ownership are retained by the lessor 
are classified as operating leases. Payments made under operating leases (net of any incentives received 
from the lessor) are charged to the income statement on a straight-line basis over the period of the 
lease. 

m)  Segment reporting 

As the Company primarily focuses its activity on the exploration and development of mineral properties, 
its  operating  and  reportable  segments  are  the  Filo  del  Sol  Property,  the  Tamberias  Property,  other 
general  exploration  and  project  generation  initiatives,  and  the  Company’s  corporate  administration 
function. Operating segments are components of an entity that engage in business activities from which 
they incur expenses and whose operating results are regularly reviewed by a chief operating decision 
maker to make resource allocation decisions and to assess performance. The Chief Executive Officer, 
the  chief  operating  decision-maker  for  the  Company,  obtains  and  reviews  operating  results  of  each 
operating segment on a monthly basis. 

n)  Hyperinflation 

On July 1, 2018, the Company adopted IAS 29, Financial Reporting in Hyper-Inflationary Economies, 
which outlines the use of the hyper-inflationary accounting to consolidate and report its Argentine 
operating subsidiary, Filo del Sol Exploracion S.A., as described in Note 4 above.  

o) New accounting pronouncements 

The  IASB  and  the  IFRS  Interpretations  Committee  (previously  the  International  Financial  Reporting 
Interpretations Committee, IFRIC) have issued a number of new and revised International Accounting 
Standards,  IFRS  amendments  and  related  interpretations  which  are  effective  for  the  Company  for 
periods after December 31, 2018, beginning on the dates indicated below.  Pronouncements that are 
not applicable to the Company have been excluded from those described below. 

11 

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Filo Mining Corp. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

Pronouncement 
IFRS  16, Leases, specifies  how  leases  should  be  recognized,  measured, 
presented and disclosed.  The standard provides a single lessee accounting 
model,  requiring  lessees  to  recognize  assets  and  liabilities  for  all  leases 
unless the lease term is 12 months or less or the underlying asset has a 
low value. Lessors continue to classify leases as operating or finance, with 
IFRS 16’s approach to lessor accounting substantially unchanged from its 
predecessor, IAS 17.  

Effective Date  
Required to be applied 
for years beginning on 
or after January 1, 
2019. 

The Company does not expect the adoption of this new standard to have 
a material impact on the financial position and results of the Company, as 
the Company does not currently have any material leases. 

6.  RECEIVABLES AND OTHER ASSETS 

Taxes receivable 

Other receivables 

Prepaid expenses and deposits 

7.  MINERAL PROPERTIES 

January 1, 2017 

Additions 

Effect of foreign currency translation 

December 31, 2017 

Additions 

Year ended 
December 31, 
2017 

2018 

660,881 
1,064,246 
689,359 
  2,414,486 

92,255 
384,860 
819,238 
1,296,353 

Filo del Sol 

Tamberias 

Total 

$ 3,246,560 

$ 2,844,751 

$ 6,091,311 

- 

(68,716) 

398,012 

58,737 

398,012 

(9,979) 

$ 3,177,844 

$ 3,301,500 

$ 6,479,344 

- 

528,895 

528,895 

357,961 

Adjustment for the impacts of hyperinflation  

357,961 

- 

Effect of foreign currency translation 
December 31, 2018 

(84,823) 
$ 3,450,982 

(163,144) 
$ 3,667,251 

(247,967) 
$ 7,118,233 

The Company’s primary mineral property assets are the Filo del Sol and Tamberias Properties (together, 
the “Filo del Sol Project”), which are comprised of adjacent mineral titles in the San Juan Province in 
Argentina and in Chile, and are 100% controlled by Filo Mining either through direct ownership or option 
agreements. 

12 

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Filo Mining Corp. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

Filo del Sol Property (San Juan Province, Argentina) 

Sole ownership of the Filo del Sol Property was acquired by Filo del Sol Exploracion S.A., a wholly owned 
subsidiary of the Company, in October 2014, through the acquisition of its then joint exploration partner’s 
40% interest in the property.  

Tamberias Property (Region III, Chile) 

Through  its  wholly  owned  subsidiary,  Frontera  Chile  Limitada,  the  Company  is  party  to  an  option 
agreement with Compania Minera Tamberias SCM (“Tamberias SCM”) whereby the Company can earn 
a  100% interest in the  Tamberias  Property by making option  payments totaling US$20 million on  or 
before June 30, 2023.  In addition, Tamberias SCM will retain a 1.5% net smelter royalty, which will be 
paid only after the Company has recovered all of its exploration and development costs.   

In June 2018, the Company made a US$400,000 option payment to Tamberias SCM, which has been 
recorded as an addition to the Tamberias Property. The Company’s total remaining option payments as 
at December 31, 2018 were US$16.8 million, with the next option payment being US$500,000, payable 
in June 2019. 

8.  CREDIT FACILITIES 

On January 12, 2018, the Company obtained an unsecured US$ 2.0 million short-term credit facility 
(the  “Initial  Facility”)  from  Zebra  Holdings  and  Investments  S.à.r.l  (“Zebra”),  an  insider  of  the 
Company,  to  provide  additional  financial  flexibility  to  fund  ongoing  exploration  at  the  Filo  del  Sol 
Project and for general corporate purposes. Zebra reports its security holdings in the Company as a 
joint  actor  with  Lorito  Holdings  S.à.r.l.,  and  at  the  time  of  entering  into  the  Initial  Facility  they 
collectively  held  more  than  20%  of  the  Company’s  issued  and  outstanding  common  shares.  As 
consideration  for  the  Initial  Facility,  Zebra  received  6,000  common  shares  of  the  Company  upon 
execution of the Initial Facility, and may receive an additional 300 common shares each month, for 
every US$ 50,000 in principal outstanding on the Initial Facility, prorated accordingly for the number 
of days outstanding.  

As at December 31, 2018, US$ 1.6 million had been drawn and remained outstanding against the 
Initial  Facility,  and  20,661  common  shares  had  been  issued,  or  were  issuable,  to  Zebra  as 
consideration  for  providing  the  Initial  Facility.  According  to  the  terms  of  the  Initial  Facility,  the 
common shares issued pursuant thereto had a price of $2.60 per share, being the closing price of 
the common shares on the TSX Venture exchange on January 12, 2018, which resulted in $53,719 
in financing costs recognized through the consolidated statement of loss.  

On January 12, 2019, simultaneously with the maturing of the Initial Facility, the Company obtained 
an unsecured US$ 5.0 million credit facility (the “Replacement Facility”) from Zebra, which replaced 
the Initial Facility, and into which any outstanding balance owed by the Company under the Initial 
Facility  was  transferred.  In  addition,  on  February  28,  2019,  the  Company  obtained  an  additional 
unsecured US$ 5.0 million short-term credit facility (the “Additional Facility”) from Zebra. Through 
the Replacement Facility and Additional Facility, the Company now has access to US$ 10.0 million, 
which  will  be  used,  as  necessary,  to  fund  ongoing  exploration  at  the  Filo  del  Sol  Project  and  for 
general  corporate  purposes.  The  maturity  dates  of  the  Replacement  Facility  and  the  Additional 
Facility  are  July  12,  2020,  and  February  28,  2020,  respectively,  with  no  interest  payable  in  cash 
during their respective terms. 

13 

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Filo Mining Corp. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

As  consideration,  the  Replacement  Facility  and  Additional  Facility  each  grant  Zebra  the  right  to 
receive 300 common shares each month, for every US$ 50,000 in principal outstanding under the 
respective  facilities,  prorated  accordingly  for  the  number  of  days  outstanding.  In  addition,  upon 
execution of the Additional Facility, Zebra received 6,000 common shares of the Company. 

All  common  shares issued in conjunction with  the Initial  Facility are  subject to  a  four-month  hold 
period under applicable securities laws. 

9.  SHARE CAPITAL 

The Company has authorized an unlimited number of voting common shares without par value.   

On  February  28,  2018,  the  Company  closed  a  bought  deal  offering  of  common  shares  and  a 
concurrent  non-brokered  private  placement  of  common  shares  (the  “Financings”).  In  aggregate, 
9,823,195  common  shares of the Company were  sold at a price of  $2.60 per  common share (the 
“Price”), generating aggregate gross proceeds of $25.5 million. Approximately $15.3 million of the 
gross proceeds relate to the bought deal, and were subject to a 5.0% commission, payable in cash. 

10. SHARE OPTIONS 

a)  Share option plan 

The Company has a share option plan approved on July 8, 2016 (the “Plan”), reserving an aggregate 
of 10% of the issued and outstanding shares of the Company for issuance upon the exercise of options 
granted.  The granting, vesting and terms of the share options are at the discretion of the Board of 
Directors. 

b)  Share option outstanding 

Movements in the number of share options outstanding and their related weighted average exercise 
prices are as follows: 

Balance at January 1, 2017 

Options granted 

Exercised  

Balance at December 31, 2017 

Options granted 

Exercised 

Number of 
share issuable 
pursuant to 
share options 

Weighted 
average 
exercise price 
per share  

3,916,250 

1,582,500 

(880,000) 

4,618,750 

2,500,000 

(471,250) 

$      1.55 

2.50 

      1.10 

$      1.96 

2.20 

      0.87 

Balance at December 31, 2018 

6,647,500 

$      2.13 

On August 14, 2018, the Company granted a total of 2,500,000 share options to officers, employees, 
directors and other eligible persons at an exercise price of $2.20 per share. 

14 

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Filo Mining Corp. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

The Company  uses  the  Black-Scholes  option  pricing  model to estimate the  fair  value  for all  options 
granted and the resulting stock-based compensation. The weighted average assumptions used in this 
pricing model, and the resulting fair values per option, for the 2,500,000 share options granted during 
the year ended December 31, 2018, were as follows: 

(i) 
(ii) 
(iii) 
(iv) 
(v) 

Risk-free interest rate:   
Expected life: 
Expected volatility: 
Expected dividends: 
Fair value per option: 

2.16%   
5 years 
63.03% 
nil 
$1.12 

The weighted average share price on the exercise date for the share options exercised during the year 
ended December 31, 2018 was $2.28. 

The following table details the share options outstanding and exercisable as at December 31, 2018: 

Outstanding options 
Weighted 
average 
remaining 
contractual 
life  
(Years) 
0.15 
2.93 
4.62 
3.70 

Weighted 
average 
exercise 
   price 
$0.50 
$2.00 
$2.20 
$2.50 

Options 
outstanding 
280,000 
2,285,000 
2,500,000 
1,582,500 

Exercise 
prices  
$0.50-0.56 
$2.00 
$2.20 
$2.50 

Exercisable options 
Weighted 
average 
remaining 
contractual 
life  
(Years) 
0.15 
2.93 
4.62 
3.70 

Weighted 
average 
exercise 
   price 
$0.50 
$2.00 
$2.20 
$2.50 

Options 
exercisable 
280,000 
2,285,000 
833,333 
1,055,000 

6,647,500 

3.63 

$2.13 

4,453,333 

3.26 

$2.06 

c)  Share-based compensation 

Exploration and project 
investigation 

General and administration 

Year ended 
December 31, 
2017 

2018 

605,738 
2,115,183 

451,820 
1,659,287 

  2,720,921 

2,111,107 

15 

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Filo Mining Corp. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

11. EXPLORATION AND PROJECT INVESTIGATION 

The  Company  expensed  the  following  exploration  and  project  investigation  costs,  all  incurred  in  South  America,  for  the  years  ended 
December 31, 2018 and 2017: 

Year ended 
December 31, 

2018 

2017 

Land holding and access costs 
Drilling, fuel, camp costs and field supplies 
Roadwork, travel and transport 
Engineering and conceptual studies 
Consultants, geochemistry and geophysics 
Environmental and community relations 
VAT and other taxes 
Office, field and administrative salaries, 
overhead and other administrative costs 
Share-based compensation  
Total  

Land holding and access costs 
Drilling, fuel, camp costs and field supplies 
Roadwork, travel and transport 
Engineering and conceptual studies 
Consultants, geochemistry and geophysics 
Environmental and community relations 
VAT and other taxes 
Office, field and administrative salaries, 
overhead and other administrative costs 
Share-based compensation  
Total  

16 

Filo del Sol 
Project 

555,168 
9,180,627 
3,495,147 
1,509,830 
2,036,903 
1,568,081 
2,182,251 

Other 

25,603 
- 
181 
- 
- 
- 
87,997 

Total 

580,771 
9,180,627 
3,495,328 
1,509,830 
2,036,903 
1,568,081 
2,270,248 

2,859,661 
602,531 
23,990,199 

10,698 
3,207 
127,686 

2,870,359 
605,738 
24,117,885 

535,572 
4,831,120 
2,640,804 
515,890 
900,911 
433,640 
1,979,875 

28,170 
23,679 
52,668 
- 
19,325 
3,828 
74,945 

563,742 
4,854,799 
2,693,472 
515,890 
920,236 
437,468 
2,054,820 

2,217,308 
436,041 
14,491,161 

309,684 
15,779 
528,078 

2,526,992 
451,820 
15,019,239 

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Filo Mining Corp. 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

12. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS 

a)  Related party services 

The Company has a cost sharing arrangement with NGEx, a related party by way of directors, officers 
and shareholders in common.  Under the terms of this arrangement, the Company provides executive 
management,  technical  exploration  and  exploration  support  services  to  NGEx,  and  NGEx  provides 
financial management and administrative services to the Company. In addition, the Company engages 
Bofill  Mir  &  Alvarez  Jana  Abogados  Ltda.  (“BMJAL”),  a  Chilean  legal  firm,  of  which  a  director  of  the 
Company is a partner. These transactions were incurred in the normal course of operations, and are 
summarized as follows: 

Executive management, technical 

exploration and exploration 
support services to NGEx 

Financial management and 

administrative services from 
NGEx 

Legal services from BMJAL 

b)  Related party balances 

Year ended 
December 31, 
2017 

2018 

735,822 

1,296,287 

(555,443) 
86,240 

(142,815) 
67,965 

The  amounts  due  from  (to)  related  parties,  and  the  components  of  the  consolidated  statement  of 
financial position in which they are included, are as follows: 

Related Party 

December 31, 
2018 

December 31, 
2017 

Receivables and other assets 

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 

NGEx 

NGEx 
BMJAL 

523,244 

(77,492) 
(15,463) 

366,435 

(93,617) 
(23,135) 

c)  Disposal of mineral properties 

On February 21, 2018, the Company, through its wholly-owned subsidiary, closed a transaction with 
two wholly-owned subsidiaries of NGEx whereby the Company transferred its 100% interest in certain 
non-core mining concessions (the “Primary Properties”) to NGEx and granted NGEx an option to acquire 
a 100% interest in additional non-core mining concessions (the “Additional Properties”) located in San 
Juan Province, Argentina (the “Disposal Transaction”) in exchange for the following consideration:    

• 

• 

the Company’s right to use NGEx’s Batidero camp facility in Argentina for a minimum period of two 
years, which shall be automatically renewed unless terminated by NGEx with one year’s advance 
notice (the “Camp Use Agreement”);    

a 3% net smelter return (“NSR”) royalty payable on future production of certain mining concessions 
transferred to NGEx, 2% of which can be re-purchased by NGEx at any time for $2,000,000; and  

17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
Filo Mining Corp. 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

• 

cash consideration totalling approximately $65,000, comprised of US$20,000 and $39,000. 

As a transaction with significant non-monetary components, for which fair values could not be derived 
from  observable  market  transactions  or  information,  the  fair  value  of  the  Disposal  Transaction  was 
determined based upon the  estimated fair value  of the  consideration received  by the Company.  The 
total fair value of the consideration received by the Company pursuant to the Disposal Transaction is 
estimated to be approximately $423,000, of which $358,000 is attributable to the Camp Use Agreement, 
and approximately $65,000 is attributable to the total cash consideration received. Accordingly, as the 
Primary  Properties  and  Additional  Properties  had  no  carrying  value  in  the  consolidated  financial 
statements of the Company prior to the disposal, a gain of $423,000 has been recognized for the year 
ended December 31, 2018. 

d)  Key management compensation 

The  Company’s  key  management  personnel  have  the  authority  and  responsibility  for  overseeing, 
planning, directing and controlling its activities and consist of the Board of Directors and members of 
the executive management team.  Total compensation expense  for key management personnel, and 
the composition thereof, is as follows: 

Salaries 

Short-term employee benefits 

Directors fees 

Stock-based compensation 

Incentive bonuses 

Year ended 
December 31, 
2017 
1,341,539 
35,617 
86,583 
1,548,394 
207,000 

2018 
1,087,500 
45,477 
97,000 
1,981,235 
470,000 

  3,681,212 

3,219,133 

18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Filo Mining Corp. 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

13. INCOME TAXES 

Income tax expense differs from the amount that would result from applying the Canadian federal and 
provincial income tax rates to the loss for the year.  These differences result from the following items: 

Year ended 
December 31, 
2018 

Year ended 
December 31, 
2017 

Loss before taxes 
Combined Canadian federal and provincial statutory    
   income tax rates 
Income tax recovery based on the above rate 

28,891,227 

18,695,118 

27.00% 
7,800,631 

26.00% 
4,860,731 

Income tax benefits that have not been recognized 
   and other items 
Impacts of changes in income tax rates 
Differences between Canadian and foreign tax rates 
Non-deductible expenses 

Total income tax recovery 

(3,374,226) 
(4,100,813) 
396,446 
(722,038) 
- 

(5,302,460) 
20,903 
977,066 
(556,240) 
- 

The  Company’s  unrecognized  deductible  temporary  differences  and  unused  tax  losses  for  which  no 
deferred tax asset has been recognized consist of the following: 

Non-capital losses carried forward 
Mineral properties and related expenditures  
Other 

December 31,  
2018 
2,863,581 
7,276,341 
306,954 
10,446,876 

December 31,  
2017 
1,311,529 
6,353,264 
82,880 
7,747,673 

As at December 31, 2018, the non-capital loss carry-forwards and their respective expiration dates are 
as follows:  

Year 
2019 
2020 
2021 
2022 
Subsequent to 2023 

Canada 

Argentina 

- 
- 
- 
- 
10,108,556 
10,108,556 

339 
133 
234,060 
225,373 
12,931 
472,836 

Other 

5,879 
14,420 
5,101 
26,903 
11,943 
64,246 

Total 

6,218 
14,553 
239,161 
252,276 
10,133,430 
10,645,638 

19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Filo Mining Corp. 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

14. SEGMENTED INFORMATION 

The Company is principally engaged in the acquisition, exploration and development of mineral properties 
in South America.  The information regarding mineral properties and exploration and project investigation 
costs presented in Notes 7 and 11, respectively, represent the manner in which management reviews its 
business performance. Materially all of the  Company’s mineral  properties  and exploration  and project 
investigation costs relate to the Filo del Sol Project, which straddles the border between the San Juan 
Province, Argentina and Region III, Chile and is comprised of the Filo del Sol Property and the Tamberias 
Property. Materially all of the Company’s administrative costs are incurred by the Canadian parent, where 
materially all of the Company’s cash is held in the normal course of business until it is required to be 
deployed  to  the  Company’s  South  American  subsidiaries  in  support  of  ongoing  and  planned  work 
programs. 

The following are summaries of the Company’s current and non-current assets, current liabilities, and 
net losses by segment: 

As at  
December 31, 

2018 

2017 

Filo del Sol 
Project 

Other 

Corporate 

Total 

Current assets 
Mineral properties 
Total Assets 

4,516,473 
7,118,233 
11,634,706 

Current liabilities 

2,472,242 

Current assets 
Mineral properties 
Total Assets 

2,651,268 
6,479,344 
9,130,612 

Current liabilities 

1,722,233 

- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 

- 

303,122 
- 
303,122 

4,819,595 
7,118,233 
11,937,828 

746,334 

3,218,576 

1,062,492 
- 
1,062,492 

3,713,760 
6,479,344 
10,193,104 

529,939 

2,252,172 

20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Filo Mining Corp. 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

Year ended 
December 31, 

2018 

2017 

Exploration and 

project 
investigation 

General and 

administration 
and other items 

Net loss 

Exploration and 

project 
investigation 

General and 

administration 
and other items 

Net loss 

15. CAPITAL MANAGEMENT 

Filo del Sol 
Project 

Other 

Corporate 

Total 

23,990,199 

127,686 

- 

24,117,885 

(39,164) 
23,951,035 

- 
127,686 

4,812,506 
4,812,506 

4,773,342 
28,891,227 

14,491,161 

528,078 

- 

15,019,239 

- 
14,491,161 

- 
528,078 

3,675,879 
3,675,879 

3,675,879 
18,695,118 

The Company’s objectives when managing capital are to safeguard its ability to continue as a going 
concern in order to pursue the development of its mineral properties and to maintain a flexible capital 
structure which optimizes the costs of capital at an acceptable risk. In the management and definition 
of capital, the Company considers the items included in shareholders’ equity to be capital. 

The  Company  manages  the  capital  structure  and  makes  adjustments,  as  necessary,  in  light  of 
changes  in  economic  conditions  and  the  risk  characteristics  of  its  assets.  In  order  to  maintain  or 
adjust  the  capital  structure,  the  Company  may  attempt  to  issue  new  shares  or  debt  instruments, 
acquire or dispose of assets, or to bring in joint venture partners. 

To facilitate the management of its capital requirements, the Company prepares annual expenditure 
budgets that are updated as necessary depending on various factors, including, but not limited to, 
successful capital deployment and general industry conditions. The annual and updated budgets are 
approved by the Board of Directors. 

16. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND MANAGEMENT OF FINANCIAL RISKS 

The  Company  has  estimated  the  fair  values  of  its  financial  instruments  based  on  appropriate 
valuation methodologies.  These values are not materially different from their carrying value. 

The Company classifies the fair value of its financial instruments according to the following hierarchy 
based on the amount of observable inputs used to value the instrument: 

 
 

Level 1 – quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities 
Level  2  –  inputs  other  than  quoted  prices  included  in  Level  1  that  are  observable  for  the 
assets or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices); and 

21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Filo Mining Corp. 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

 

Level  3  –  inputs  for  the  asset  or  liability  that  are  not  based  on  observable  market  data 
(unobservable inputs). 

The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash, receivables and other assets, trade payables 
and  accrued  liabilities,  and  the  amounts  owing  pursuant  to  credit  facilities,  with  carrying  values 
considered  to  be  reasonable  approximations  of  fair  value  due  to  the  short-term  nature  of  these 
instruments.   

As at December 31, 2018, the Company’s financial instruments are exposed to the following 
financial risks, including credit, liquidity and currency risks: 

(i) 

(ii) 

Credit risks associated with cash is minimal as the Company deposits the majority of its cash 
with a large Canadian financial institution that has been accorded a strong investment grade 
rating by a primary rating agency.   

Liquidity  risks  associated  with  the  inability  to  meet  obligations  as  they  become  due  is 
minimized through the management of its capital structure as explained on Note 15 and by 
maintaining good relationships with bankers. The Company also closely monitors and reviews 
its costs to date and actual cash flows on a monthly basis. In assessing liquidity risk as at 
December 31, 2018, the Company has also considered the impact of funds made available 
through the Replacement Facility and Additional Facility (Note 8). 

The maturities of the Company’s financial liabilities as at December 31, 2018 are as follows: 

Total 

Less than 
1 year 

1-5 
years 

More than 
5 years 

Accounts payable and  
    accrued liabilities 
Amounts owing pursuant to     
    credit facility 

Total 

3,218,576 

3,218,576 

2,202,548 

2,202,548 

5,421,124 

5,421,124 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(iii) 

Foreign  currency  risk  can  arise  when  the  Company  or  its  subsidiaries  transact  or  have  net 
financial  assets  or  liabilities  which  are  denominated  in  currencies  other  than  their  respective 
functional currencies. 

At  December  31,  2018,  the  Company’s  largest  foreign  currency  risk  exposure  existed  at  the 
level of its Canadian headquarters, Filo Mining Corp., where the Company held a net financial 
liability position denominated in US dollars having a Canadian dollar equivalent of approximately 
$2.2  million.  A  10%  change  in  the  foreign  exchange  rate  between  the  US  dollar,  and  the 
Canadian dollar, Filo Mining Corp.’s functional currency, would give rise to increases/decreases 
of approximately $220,000 in financial position/comprehensive loss. 

22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Filo Mining Corp. 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

17. COMMITMENTS 

In November 2017, the Company entered into agreements with the owners of certain lands, accesses 
and surface rights related to the Tamberias Property (the “Access Agreements”). Under the terms of 
the Access Agreements, in exchange for total payments of US$ 1.26 million, the Company secured 
its right to use and maintain roads and accesses, which allow entry to the Filo del Sol Project from 
Chile,  and  also  perform  any  surface  disturbances  as  necessary  to  undertake  its  exploration  work 
programs, such as establishing drill platforms, for a period of four years. 

As of December 31, 2018, the Company has two remaining payments of US$ 315,875 each, which 
are payable in November 2019 and 2020. 

23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CORPORATE DIRECTORY 

OFFICERS 
Adam I. Lundin 

President & Chief Executive Officer 

Robert Carmichael 
VP Exploration 

James Beck 

VP Corporate Development & Projects 

Jeffrey Yip 

Chief Financial Officer 

Julie Kemp 

Corporate Secretary 

DIRECTORS 
Lukas H. Lundin, Chairman (non-executive) 
Alessandro Bitelli 
C. Ashley Heppenstall 
Adam I. Lundin 
Paul McRae 
Pablo Mir 
Wojtek Wodzicki 

AUDITORS 
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP 
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada 

LEGAL COUNSEL 
Cassels Brock & Blackwell LLP 
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada 

CORPORATE OFFICE 
Suite 2000 - 885 West Georgia Street 
Vancouver, British Columbia 
Canada   V6C 3E8 
Telephone:  (604) 689-7842 
Fax:  (604) 689-4250 

REGISTERED & RECORDS OFFICE 
Suite 2200 - 885 West Georgia Street 
Vancouver, British Columbia  
Canada   V6C 3E8 

REGISTRAR AND TRANSFER AGENT 
Computershare Trust Company of Canada 
Vancouver, British Columbia 
Canada 

SHARE LISTINGS 
TSX Venture Exchange & 
Nasdaq First North Exchange  
Symbol: FIL 
CUSIP No.: 31730E101 
ISIN: CA31730E1016