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Filo Mining

fil · TSX-V Basic Materials
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Employees 11-50
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FY2020 Annual Report · Filo Mining
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2020 YEAR END REPORT 

Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

and 
Consolidated Financial Statements 

For the Twelve Months ended December 31, 2020 

(AUDITED) 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FILO MINING CORP. 
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS 
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 
(Amounts in Canadian Dollars unless otherwise indicated) 

The  following  management’s  discussion  and  analysis  (“MD&A”)  of  Filo  Mining  Corp.  (“Filo  Mining”  or  the 
“Company”) should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 
31, 2020 and related notes therein. The financial information in this MD&A is reported in Canadian dollars unless 
otherwise  indicated  and  is  partly  derived  from  the  Company’s  consolidated  financial  statements  prepared  in 
accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting 
Standards Board. The effective date of this MD&A is March 18, 2021. Additional information about the Company 
and its business activities is available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com and the Company’s website www.filo-mining.com. 

Some of the statements in this MD&A are forward-looking statements that are subject to risk factors set out in the 
cautionary note contained herein. 

CORE BUSINESS 

Filo Mining is a mineral exploration company, focused on its 100% controlled Filo del Sol Project which is comprised 
of two adjacent land holdings: the Filo del Sol Property located in San Juan Province, Argentina, and the Tamberias 
Property, located in Region III, Chile. The Filo del Sol Project (“Filo del Sol”) is located between the prolific Maricunga 
and El Indio gold belts, two major mineralized trends that contain such deposits as Caspiche, La Coipa, Veladero, and 
El Indio. The region is a stable mining jurisdiction and hosts a number of large-scale mining operations. The project 
area  is  covered  under  the  Mining  Integration  and  Complementation  Treaty  between  Chile  and  Argentina,  which 
provides the framework for the development of cross border mining projects. 

The Company has completed a pre-feasibility study (“PFS”) on the Filo del Sol Project, with an effective date of January 
13, 2019, which demonstrated the project’s robust economic potential. The PFS, which was based only on the oxide 
portion of the current Mineral Resource and used prices of US$3.00/lb copper, US$1,300/oz gold, and US$20/oz silver, 
yielded an after-tax net present value (“NPV”) of US$1.28 billion at a discount rate of 8%, and generated an internal 
rate of return of 23%. Positive valuations were also maintained across a wide range of sensitivities on key assumptions.  

The Company’s most recent Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve statement  for the Filo del Sol Project is shown 
below. 

Category 
Mineral Resource 
Indicated 
Inferred 
Mineral Reserve 

Proven 
Probable 

Tonnes 
(millions) 

Cu  
(%) 

Au 
(g/t) 

Ag 
(g/t) 

Lbs Cu 
(billions) 

Oz Au 
(millions) 

Oz Ag 
(millions) 

425.1 
175.1 

- 
259.1 

0.33 
0.27 

- 
0.39 

0.32 
0.33 

- 
0.33 

10.7 
6.2 

- 
15.1 

3.1 
1.1 

- 
2.2 

4.4 
1.8 

- 
2.8 

146.9 
34.8 

- 
126.0 

The Filo del Sol Project continues to hold significant exploration potential, as the Mineral Resource remains completely 
open to expansion at depth and laterally to the north, east and south. The Company’s Mineral Resource estimate is 
inclusive of the Mineral Reserve estimate as set forth above. 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The technical information relating to the PFS is based on a technical report titled “NI 43-101 Technical Report, Pre-
feasibility Study for the Filo del Sol Project” dated February 22, 2019, with an effective date of January 13, 2019 (the 
“Technical  Report”).  The  Technical  Report  was  prepared  for  Filo  Mining  by  Ausenco  Engineering  Canada  Inc. 
(“Ausenco”). The Qualified Persons, as defined under NI 43-101, responsible for the Technical Report are Scott Elfen, 
P.E., Ausenco; Robin Kalanchey, P.Eng., Ausenco; Bruno Borntraeger, P.Eng., Knight Piesold Ltd.; Fionnuala Devine, 
P.Geo.,  Merlin  Geosciences  Inc.;  Ian  Stillwell,  BGC  Engineering  Inc.;  Neil  Winkelmann,  FAusIMM,  SRK  Consulting 
(Canada)  Inc.;  James  N.  Gray,  P.Geo.,  Advantage  Geoservices  Limited;  and  Jay  Melnyk,  P.Eng.,  AGP  Mining 
Consultants,  all  of  whom  are  independent  of  Filo  Mining.  The  Technical  Report  is  available  for  review  under  the 
Company's profile on SEDAR at www.sedar.com and on the Company's website at www.filo-mining.com.  

The Company’s strategy is to create value for its shareholders by expanding and increasing the quality of the resources 
and reserves at the Filo del Sol Project through further exploration, and by advancing engineering and other studies 
that are required to prepare the Filo del Sol Project for eventual development by the Company or by third parties.  

The Company has a strong management team and board with extensive experience in the resource sector, particularly 
in Chile and Argentina. The board and management team have an appropriate mix of geological, engineering, financial, 
and business skills to advance the Company’s projects and to generate value for its shareholders.  

2020 OPERATING HIGHLIGHTS 

2019/2020 Field Program Confirms Large Copper-Gold Porphyry System beneath Current Resource and 
Results in Development of Expansive Exploration Target 

The 2019/2020 field campaign undertaken at Filo del Sol successfully confirmed the project’s vast potential for resource 
expansion. The program was highlighted by two diamond drill holes which, together with assay results from earlier 
programs, confirmed that copper-gold-silver mineralization extends to total depths of over 1 kilometre below surface, 
more than 700 vertical metres below the floor of the current Mineral Resource. In addition, mineralization remains 
open to the north and south of the Mineral Resource. 

Assay results from the two highlight holes of the 2019/2020 drill program are summarized in the table below. Both 
holes, FSDH032 and FSDH034, ended in mineralization. 

Cu 
(%) 

From  
(m) 
132.0 
378.3 
492.0 
72.0 
520.0 
676.0 

Hole-ID 
FSDH032 
incl. 
and incl. 
FSDH034 
incl. 
incl. 

CuEq1 
(%) 
0.95 
1.10 
1.46 
0.68 
0.84 
1.25 
1  Copper  Equivalent  is  calculated  based  on  US$  2.80/lb  Cu,  US$  1,400/oz  Au  and  US$  16/oz  Ag,  with  80% 
metallurgical recoveries assumed for all metals.  The formula is: CuEq % = Cu % + (0.7292 * Au g/t) + (0.0083 
* Ag g/t). See the Company’s News Release dated April 20, 2020 for further details. 

Length 
(m) 
1,009.0 
762.7 
210.8 
1,034.0 
439.0 
56.0 

To 
 (m) 
1,141.0 
1,141.0 
702.8 
1,106.0 
959.0 
732.0 

Au 
(g/t) 
0.39 
0.43 
0.54 
0.32 
0.36 
0.60 

Ag 
(g/t) 
11.1 
13.2 
19.5 
3.4 
4.2 
8.5 

0.57 
0.68 
0.90 
0.42 
0.54 
0.74 

Following  the  2019/2020  field  season’s  conclusion,  the  Company  developed  an  exploration  target  by  modelling 
predicted volumes based on the east-west extents of the Mineral Resource, depths below surface drilled by the deeper 
diamond drill holes and the north-south extent drilled by these holes. The resulting conceptual exploration target was 
estimated to total between 1.2 to 1.6 billion tonnes with a copper equivalent grade of between 0.7 and 1.0%. As an 
exploration target, these potential quantities and grades are conceptual in nature, and there has not yet been sufficient 
exploration for it to constitute a Mineral Resource. It is uncertain if further exploration will result in the target being 
delineated as a Mineral Resource.  

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
This exploration target is in addition to the current Mineral Resource at Filo del Sol and does not include prospective 
areas to the north and south of the deposit yet to be drilled. In addition, consistent with the geological model and the 
drill  results  to  date,  the  Company  anticipates  that  there  could  also  be  smaller  zones  of  considerably  higher-grade 
mineralization within this overall target. This exploration target will be a key focus of the Company’s future exploration 
programs. 

2020/2021 Drill Campaign Underway Following Implementation of COVID-19 Protocols  

Following  the  successes  of  the  2019/2020  field  season,  the  Company  launched  its  2020/2021  drill  campaign  in 
November 2020. Guided by the results of 3D geophysical surveys conducted in the previous season, the Company 
aims to complete approximately 8,000 metres of targeted core drilling in this current program. Drilling is ongoing at 
Filo del Sol, and initial assay results are anticipated towards the end of March 2021.  

The main objectives for the field program include: 

  Step-out drilling to the north to explore the 1.7 km gap between hole FSDH032 and a mineralized intersection 

in hole VRC093;  

  Drill testing and investigating the geological controls on the high-grade copper, gold and silver mineralization 

present within the overall mineralized envelope; and 

  Tightening of drill spacing to enable the Company to add a portion of the sulphide mineralization underlying 

the deposit’s oxide cap to Filo del Sol’s Mineral Resource estimate, as appropriate.  

The 2020/2021 field campaign began with two diamond rigs at site in November, with two additional rigs added in 
December, and a fifth rig in February 2021. This staged ramp up of the current season’s operations has enabled the 
Company to operate in a safe and controlled manner amidst the current novel coronavirus pandemic, in accordance 
with its internally developed COVID-19 operating protocol.  

With respect to the COVID-19 pandemic, the health and safety of the Company’s employees, contractors, visitors, 
and stakeholders (collectively, “Stakeholders”) remain Filo Mining’s top priority, and after months of consultation 
with local governments, health officials and health experts, the Company developed a detailed COVID-19 operating 
protocol. The protocol includes a comprehensive testing and quarantine plan applicable to all personnel travelling 
to the Filo del Sol project site, as well as detailed response measures for actual or suspected COVID-19 cases at 
site. This protocol, which meets or exceeds all current government requirements, was presented to and approved 
by the San Juan provincial health authority before implementation by the Company. 

As of the date of this MD&A, the Company has not incurred any lost-time incidents at its operations with respect to 
COVID-19. 

CORPORATE UPDATE 

Closing of Equity Financings for $41.7 Million 

On  July  30,  2020  the  Company  closed  the  sale  of  6,325,000  common  shares  of  the  Company,  including  825,000 
common shares sold pursuant to the full exercise of an over-allotment option, on a bought deal basis to a syndicate 
of underwriters led by PI Financial Corp. and Canaccord Genuity Corp. (the “Underwriters”), at a price of $1.85 per 
share (the “Issue Price”) for total gross proceeds of approximately $11.7 million (the “Offering”).  

3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
On July 30, 2020, the Company also closed a concurrent private placement of 16,213,235 common shares at the Issue 
Price for additional gross proceeds of approximately $30.0 million (the “Concurrent Private Placement”, and together 
with  the  Offering,  the  “Financings”).  The  Concurrent  Private  Placement  was  to  certain  investors  introduced  to  the 
Company by SpareBank 1 Markets AS ("SpareBank"), and to certain other investors, including Lorito Holdings S.à.r.l 
("Lorito")  and  Zebra  Holdings  and  Investments  S.à.r.l  ("Zebra",  and  together  with  Lorito,  the  "Significant 
Shareholders").  The  Significant  Shareholders  each  purchased  3,515,004  common  shares  in  the  Concurrent  Private 
Placement to maintain their approximate combined pro rata interest in the Company. No commission or other fee was 
paid to the Underwriters or any other party in connection with the sale of common shares pursuant to the Concurrent 
Private Placement, except for broker fees paid by the Company to SpareBank equal to 5% of the gross proceeds raised 
by investors introduced to the Company by SpareBank. The common shares issued pursuant to the Concurrent Private 
Placement were subject to a statutory hold period in Canada, which expired on December 1, 2020. 

Zebra and Lorito report their shareholding in the Company as joint actors, as the term is defined by Canadian securities 
regulations, and are related parties of the Company by virtue of their combined shareholding in the Company in excess 
of  20%.  Immediately  following  the  close  of  the  Offering  and  Concurrent  Private  Placement,  Zebra  and  Lorito  held 
25.05% and 9.96%, respectively, of the then issued and outstanding common shares of the Company. 

Shortly after closing of the Offering and Concurrent Private Placement, approximately $1.3 million of the resulting net 
proceeds was used by the Company to fully repay amounts drawn under an existing credit facility extended by Zebra 
(see “Liquidity and Capital Resources”). The Company plans to use the remaining net proceeds for exploration and 
development  of  the  Filo  del  Sol  Project,  as  well  as  for  working  capital,  corporate  overhead  and  general  and 
administrative purposes.  

OUTLOOK AND CONTINUED RESPONSE TO COVID-19 

The Company’s 2020/2021 field program is currently ongoing and is scheduled to continue through April 2021. 

The program targets the completion of approximately 8,000 metres of diamond drilling, which will seek to confirm the 
extension  of  mineralization  to  the  north,  particularly  towards  a  previously  completed  reverse  circulation  drill  hole 
(VRC093, drilled in 2015), which ended with 166.0 m (from 284 m depth) at 0.42% CuEq (0.15% Cu, 0.24 g/t Au, 
11.9  g/t  Ag)  including 42.0  m of  0.57%  CuEq  (0.40%  Cu,  0.17  g/t  Au,  6.1  g/t  Ag)  at  the  bottom  of  the  hole.  In 
addition, the program will look to identify the geological controls of high-grade copper, gold and silver zones within 
the  overall  mineralization  envelope,  and  provide  adequate  infill  drilling  to  potentially  add  portions  of  the  sulphide 
mineralization to Filo del Sol’s Mineral Resource estimate. 

As of the date of this MD&A, the Company has completed a total of five holes, for which core samples are now being 
assayed, with results pending and expected towards the end of March 2021. As drilling continues through April 2021, 
additional assay results are expected to be received, analyzed, and announced throughout the second quarter. 

The Company’s plans and timelines are subject to the Company being able to operate safely in accordance with its 
approved COVID-19 protocol.  As a result of its current strategies, the Company is confident that it can safely and 
effectively complete the 2020/2021 field program currently underway, however, this expectation will be continuously 
evaluated as the situation with respect to the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina develops.  

4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As the Company continues to monitor developments with respect to COVID-19, both globally and within its operating 
jurisdictions,  it  may  implement  changes  to  its  COVID-19  protocol,  or  its  business  in  general,  as  may  be  deemed 
appropriate to mitigate any potential impacts to its business and its Stakeholders. Such changes may include, but are 
not limited to, temporary closures of the Company’s project site or offices, and deviations from the timing and nature 
of previous operating plans. Moreover, sustained COVID-19 outbreaks globally have resulted in operational and supply 
chain  delays  and  disruption  as  a  result  of  governmental  regulation  and  preventative  measures  being  implemented 
worldwide, including in Argentina. The Company could also be required to close, curtail or otherwise limit its operating 
activities  as  a  result  of  the  implementation  of  any  such  governmental  regulation  or  preventative  measures  in  the 
jurisdictions  in  which  the  Company  operates,  or  as  a  result  of  sustained  COVID-19  outbreaks  at  its  project  site  or 
facilities. Any such closures or curtailments could have an adverse impact on the business of the Company. All non-
critical business travel continues to be curtailed.  

RESULTS FROM OPERATIONS 

Year Ended 

Net loss ($000’s) 

Loss per share, basic and diluted ($) 

Total assets ($000’s) 

Dec-20 

Dec-19 

Dec-18 

18,879 

0.19 

47,663 

28,571 

0.37 

23,750 

28,891 

0.41 

11,938 

Filo Mining is a junior exploration company and, as such, its net losses are largely driven by its exploration and 
project  investigation  activities.  There  is  no  expectation  of  generating  operating  profits  until  it  develops  a 
commercially viable mineral deposit.  

Key financial results for the last eight quarters are provided in the table below. 

Three Months Ended 

Dec-20 

Sep-20 

Jun-20 

Mar-20 

Dec-19 

Sep-19 

Jun-19 

Mar-19 

Exploration costs ($000's) 

4,214 

969 

1,932 

11,940 

5,759 

1,895 

4,332 

11,022 

Operating loss ($000’s) 

4,879 

2,665 

2,776 

12,794 

7,844 

2,575 

5,243 

12,030 

Net loss ($000’s) 

3,271 

2,510 

1,262 

11,836 

8,038 

3,105 

5,336 

12,092 

Net loss per share, basic and 
diluted ($) 

0.03 

0.02 

0.01 

0.13 

0.09 

0.04 

0.07 

0.17 

Due to the  geographic location  of  the  Filo del  Sol  Project, the  Company’s  business activities fluctuate with the 
seasons, through increased drilling and other exploration activities during the summer months in South America. 
As a result, a general recurring trend is the increase in exploration expenditures, and therefore operating losses 
and net losses, for the fourth quarter and first quarter of a fiscal year, relative to the second and third quarters. 
In addition, other relevant factors, such as the financial position of the Company, other corporate initiatives, as 
well as the type and scope of planned exploration/project  work,  could affect the  level of  exploration activities, 
operating loss, and net loss in a particular period.  

Filo  Mining  incurred  a  net  loss  of  $18.9  million  (2019:  $28.6  million)  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020, 
comprised  primarily  of  an  operating  loss  of  $23.1  million  (2019:  $27.7  million).  Exploration  and  project 
investigation  costs  are  generally  the  most  significant  expenditures  of  the  Company  and  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2020, they accounted for approximately 82% (2019: 83%) of the operating loss.  This is reflective 
of  the  Company’s  accounting  policy  to  expense  its  exploration  costs  through  the  consolidated  statement  of 
comprehensive loss, except for mineral property option payments and mineral property acquisition costs, which 
are capitalized.   

5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exploration and project investigation costs for the year ended December 31, 2020 were $19.1 million (2019: $23.0 
million), which decreased relative to 2019. The decrease is partially the result of smaller environmental programs 
undertaken during 2020, following completion of the PFS in 2019. Specifically, during 2019 the Company undertook 
initial hydrological studies with the objective of gathering data that would facilitate advancing the oxide resource 
of the Filo del Sol deposit through a feasibility study. However, following receipt and analysis of the exploration 
results  from  the  2018/2019  drill  campaign,  the  Company  has  refocused  around  exploration  of  the  Filo  del  Sol 
deposit’s  deeper  mineralization,  and  accordingly  it  has  reduced  its  environmental  programs  to  baseline  data 
collection.  

In addition, the decrease in exploration costs for the year ended December 31, 2020 is also due to 2019 including 
certain engineering and study costs related to the PFS, which was completed in early 2019. No such studies have 
been conducted in 2020. These increases have been partially offset by higher COVID-19-related health and safety 
costs in 2020, which were not required in the prior year. 

Detailed breakdowns of exploration costs for the periods presented are provided in the notes to the consolidated 
financial statements. 

Excluding share-based compensation, administration costs for the year ended December 31, 2020 totalled $2.5 
million (2019: $2.8 million). Share-based compensation, a non-cash cost, reflects the amortization of the estimated 
fair value of options over their vesting period and is based to a large degree on the Company’s share price and its 
volatility. The actual future value to the option holders may differ materially from these estimates as it depends 
on the trading price of the Company’s shares if and when the options are exercised. In addition, as the granting 
of options and their vesting is at the discretion of the Board, the related expense is unlikely to be uniform across 
quarters or financial years.  

Administration costs for 2020, excluding share-based compensation, were lower than 2019 due primarily to lower 
compensation  costs.  Specifically,  compensation  costs  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020  were  lower  as  a 
result  of  voluntary  salary  reductions  taken  by  senior  management  as  a  temporary  response  to  the  economic 
uncertainties following the novel coronavirus outbreak. In addition, the lower compensation costs are the result 
of a lower average senior management headcount in 2020 with the appointment of Mr. James Beck into the dual 
role  of  President  and  Chief  Executive  Officer,  following  the  resignation  of  Mr.  Adam  Lundin  as  Chief  Executive 
Officer in June 2020. 

During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company reported financing costs of $31,005, which decreased 
relative to the prior year (2019: $1,338,936). This decrease is the result of the Company’s heavier use of credit 
facilities during 2019, whereas during the year ended December 31, 2020 no amounts were drawn against the 
credit facilities until June 2020, and such amounts were fully repaid by August 2020. 

Also, during the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recognized a net monetary gain of $132,383 (2019: 
$158,181) in relation to the application of hyperinflationary accounting for the Company’s Argentine subsidiary, 
which began in 2018.  The monetary gains recognized are the results of changes in the Argentine price indices 
and changes to the Company’s net monetary position during the respective periods. Further discussion regarding 
the  application  of  hyperinflationary  accounting  has  been  provided  in  the  notes  to  the  consolidated  financial 
statements. 

In addition, during 2020, the Company began acquiring and transferring marketable securities as a mechanism to 
facilitate  intragroup  funding  transfers  between  its  Canadian  parent  and  its  Argentine  operating  subsidiary. 
Accordingly,  for  2020,  the  Company  recognized  a  gain  of  $4.6  million  (2019:  $nil)  on  the  use  of  marketable 
securities for the purposes of facilitating intragroup funding transfers, which represents the net benefit of having 
used this funding mechanism over traditional methods. 

6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recognized a foreign exchange gain of $99,200 (2019: 
$302,041). The foreign exchange gain in the current period was largely driven by a US$900,000 liability held by 
the Company’s Chilean operating subsidiary, which is related to committed payments for the Tamberias property 
earn-in. By comparison, in 2019, the larger foreign exchange gain was the result of larger amounts drawn and 
outstanding against the Company’s US dollar denominated credit facilities. As mentioned above, during 2019, the 
Company used the credit facilities extensively to fund ongoing operations, and accordingly, the magnitude of the 
foreign exchange impact was greater. 

During the  year  ended  December  31,  2020,  the  Company  also  recognized  $567,551  in  relation to  wealth taxes 
levied  in  Argentina.  Argentina  wealth  tax  is  charged  in  relation  to  the  net  assets  of  the  Company’s  Argentine 
operating  subsidiary.  While  this  is  not  a  newly  enacted  tax  in  Argentina,  a  moratorium  that  had  temporarily 
suspended the levying of this tax recently expired.   

No  tax  recovery  is  recognized  as  a  result  of  the  nature  of  the  Company’s  activities  and  the  lack  of  reasonably 
expected taxable profits in the near term.  

In other comprehensive income, the Company reported a foreign exchange translation gain of $162,891 for the 
year  ended  December  31,  2020  (2019:  loss  of  $514,478),  on  translation  of  subsidiary  company  accounts  from 
their functional currency to the Canadian dollar presentation currency. For the year ended December 31, 2020, 
the foreign exchange translation gain is primarily the result of fluctuations of the Canadian dollar relative to the 
Chilean peso over the year. For the year ended December 31, 2020, the impacts of hyperinflation amounted to a 
loss of $432,713 (2019: $709,479) and consist of adjustments recognized on the continuing inflation of opening 
non-monetary balances during the year and the ongoing translation of the Company’s Argentine subsidiary into 
the Canadian dollar presentation currency. 

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES  

As at December 31, 2020, the Company had cash of $36.3 million and net working capital of $33.0 million, compared 
to  cash  of  $13.8  million  and  net  working  capital  of  $12.7  million  as  at  December  31,  2019.  The  increase  in  the 
Company’s cash and net working capital is due primarily to aggregate net proceeds totaling $40.5 million received 
from the Financings, which closed on July 30, 2020. This significant cash inflow during 2020 has been partially offset 
by funds directed towards advancing the Filo del Sol Project, and to a lesser extent, $0.2 million in relation to the 
annual option payment made for the Tamberias property in June 2020, and funds spent for general corporate purposes. 

Moving forward, the Company expects that the majority of its treasury will be used to fund ongoing work programs to 
advance the Filo del Sol Project. 

In addition, in June 2020, the Company entered into an agreement with Zebra, to obtain an unsecured US$5.0 million 
credit  facility,  which  became  effective  on  July  12,  2020  (the  “July  2020  Facility”)  and  replaced  an  existing  US$5.0 
million credit facility also extended by Zebra and maturing on the same date. The outstanding balance owed under 
the existing facility was transferred into the July 2020 Facility. As consideration for the July 2020 Facility, Zebra will 
receive 480 common shares each month, for every US$50,000 in principal outstanding, prorated accordingly for the 
number of days outstanding. The July 2020 Facility matures on July 12, 2021, and no interest is payable in cash during 
its term. As at December 31, 2020, no amounts have been drawn and remained outstanding by the Company. 

7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS 

Under the normal course of operations, the Company may undertake transactions or hold balances with related parties. 
Other  than  those  related  party  transactions  identified  elsewhere  in  this  MD&A,  the  Company  also  engages  with 
Josemaria  Resources Inc. (“Josemaria”,  formerly NGEx Resources Inc.) and  NGEx Minerals Ltd. (“NGEx Minerals”), 
related parties by way of directors, officers and shareholders in common. Bofill Mir & Alvarez Jana Abogados Ltda. 
(“BMJAL”), a Chilean legal firm, is also considered a related party of the Company until June 18, 2020, as a named 
partner of BMJAL was also concurrently a director of the Company until such date. 

Related party services 

The  Company  has  a  cost  sharing  arrangement  with  Josemaria  and  NGEx  Minerals.    Under  the  terms  of  this 
arrangement,  the  Company  provides  management,  technical,  administrative  and/or  financial  services  (collectively, 
“Management Services”) to Josemaria and NGEx Minerals, and vice versa. In addition, the Company engages BMJAL, 
as its legal counsel in Chile. These transactions were incurred in the normal course of operations, and are summarized 
as follows: 

Management Services to Josemaria 
Management Services to NGEx Minerals 
Management Services from Josemaria 
Management Services from NGEx Minerals   
Legal services from BMJAL 

Related party balances 

Year ended 
December 31, 
2019 
1,217,414 
238,003 
(336,044) 
(363,373) 
(93,659) 

2020 
943,427 
433,148 
(314,419) 
(500,101) 
(43,866) 

The amounts due from (to) related parties, and the components of the consolidated statement of financial position in 
which they are included, are as follows: 

Receivables and other assets 

Receivables and other assets 

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 

Related Party 

Josemaria 

NGEx Minerals 

Josemaria 

NGEx Minerals 
BMJAL 

December 31, 
 2020 

December 31,  
2019 

- 

11,752 

- 

(5,850) 
- 

196,489 

64,222 

(220,366) 

(57,490) 
(22,617) 

8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Key management compensation 

The Company’s key management personnel have the authority and responsibility for overseeing, planning, directing 
and controlling its activities and consist of the Board of Directors and members of the executive management team.  
Total compensation expense for key management personnel, and the composition thereof, is as follows: 

Salaries 
Short-term employee benefits 
Directors fees 
Stock-based compensation 
Incentive bonuses 

Year ended 
December 31, 
2019 
987,604 
47,542 
97,000 
1,784,488 
490,000 
3,406,634 

2020 
762,667 
22,447 
108,495 
1,368,514 
540,000 
  2,802,123 

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

The Company’s significant account policies are described in Note 3 the consolidated financial statements for year 
ended December 31, 2020, as filed on SEDAR at www.sedar.com. 

New Accounting Pronouncements 

The  IASB  and/or  the  IFRS  Interpretations  Committee  have  issued  new  standards  and  amendments,  or 
interpretations to existing standards, which were not yet effective and not applied by the Company as at December 
31, 2020. The Company continues to evaluate these changes to determine their impact, if any.  

IAS 16, Property, plant and equipment  

IAS 16 has been amended to provide clarity with respect to the treatment of net proceeds generated from selling 
any  items  produced  while  bringing  an  item  of  property,  plant  and  equipment  to  the  location  and  condition 
necessary for it to  be capable of operating in the manner intended by the entity. Specifically, the amendments 
prohibit entities from deducting amounts resulting from the selling of items produced during this phase from the 
cost of property, plant and equipment. Instead, an entity shall recognize such sales proceeds and related costs in 
profit or loss. 

The amendments to IAS 16 are effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2022, with 
early adoption permitted. Upon adoption, the amendments shall be applied retrospectively, but only to property, 
plant and equipment assets commissioned for their intended use by management on or after the beginning of the 
earliest period presented in the financial statements. 

9 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES, ASSUMPTIONS AND JUDGEMENTS 

The  preparation  of  the  consolidated  financial  statements  in  accordance  with  IFRS,  such  as  the  underlying 
consolidated  financial  statements  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020,  requires  management  to  make 
estimates, assumptions and judgements that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and expenditures. 
These estimates, assumptions and judgements are based on management’s best knowledge of the relevant facts 
and circumstances taking into account previous experience. Actual results could differ and such differences could 
be material. Estimates, assumptions and judgements are reviewed on an ongoing basis and are based on historical 
experience  and  other  facts  and  circumstances.  Revisions  to  estimates,  assumptions  and  judgements,  and  the 
resulting effects on the carrying amounts of the Company’s assets and liabilities, are accounted for prospectively. 
Information about estimates, assumptions, judgements and other sources of estimation uncertainty as at December 
31, 2020 that have a risk of resulting in a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within 
the next year are provided below: 

Valuation of mineral properties – The Company carries the acquisition costs of its mineral properties at cost 
less any provision for impairment. The Company undertakes periodic reviews of its mineral properties for indicators 
of  impairment,  which  requires  the  Company  to  exercise  key  judgements,  including  but  not  limited  to,  the 
Company’s  right  to  explore  the  mineral  property,  whether  the  Company  has  further  plans  or  budgets  for 
substantive  expenditures  for  the  ongoing  exploration  and  evaluation  of  the  mineral  property,  the  impact  of 
exploration and evaluation results to date with respect to the mineral property, and the likelihood that the carrying 
value of the mineral property will be recovered in the future through development or sale of the asset. If indicators 
of  impairment  are  identified,  the  Company  would  further  review  the  carrying  values  of  the  applicable  mineral 
properties to determine if their carrying values may exceed their fair value, which also requires the Company to 
make significant judgments and estimates. The judgments and estimates mentioned above are subject to various 
risks and uncertainties, which may ultimately have an effect on the expected recoverability of the carrying values 
of the mineral properties. 

The Company has determined that no indicators of impairment exist for its mineral properties as of December 31, 
2020. 

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 

The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash, receivables and other assets, and trade payables and accrued 
liabilities.  The  carrying  values  of  the  Company’s  financial  instruments  are  considered  to  be  reasonable 
approximations of fair value due to their anticipated short term nature. 

As  at  December  31,  2020,  the  Company’s  financial  instruments  are  exposed  to  the  following  financial  risks, 
including credit, liquidity and currency risks: 

(i)  Credit risks associated with cash is minimal as the Company deposits the majority of its cash with a 
large  Canadian  financial  institution  that  has  been  accorded  a  strong  investment  grade  rating  by  a 
primary rating agency.  

(ii)  Liquidity  risks  associated  with  the  inability  to  meet  obligations  as  they  become  due  is  minimized 
through the management of its capital structure and by maintaining good relationships with significant 
shareholders and creditors, such as Zebra. The Company also closely monitors and reviews its costs 
to date and actual cash flows on a monthly basis.  

The maturities of the Company’s financial liabilities as at December 31, 2020, are as follows: 

10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total 

Less than  
1 year 

1-5 years 

More than 
5 years 

Accounts payable and  
    accrued liabilities 
Lease liabilities 
Total 

4,097,835 
13,013 
4,110,848 

4,097,835 
13,013 
4,110,848 

- 
- 
- 

- 

- 

(iii)  Foreign  currency risk can arise when the Company or its subsidiaries transact or have net financial 
assets  or  liabilities  which  are  denominated  in  currencies  other  than  their  respective  functional 
currencies. 

At December 31, 2020, the Company’s largest foreign currency risk exposures existed at the level of 
its Canadian headquarters and at its Chilean operating subsidiary, Frontera Chile Limitada, where the 
Company  held  a  net  financial  asset  position  denominated  in  US  dollars  having  a  Canadian  dollar 
equivalent of approximately $1.4 million, and a net financial liability position denominated in US dollars 
having a Canadian dollar equivalent of approximately $1.1 million, respectively. A 10% change in the 
foreign exchange rate between the US dollar and the Canadian dollar, the functional currency of Filo 
Mining,  or  between  the  US  dollar  and  the  Chilean  peso,  the  functional  currency  of  Frontera  Chile 
Limitada.,  would  give  rise  to  increases/decreases  of  approximately  $141,000  and  $115,000, 
respectively, in financial position/comprehensive loss. 

OUTSTANDING SHARE DATA 

As at March 18, 2021, the Company had 110,770,770 common shares outstanding and 9,455,834 share options 
outstanding under its share-based incentive plan.  

FINANCIAL INFORMATION 

The  Company’s  next  scheduled  financial  report  will  be  for  the  three  months  ended  March  31,  2021,  which  is 
expected to be published on or around May 6, 2021. 

RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES 

The  operations  of  the  Company  are  speculative  due  to  the  high-risk  nature  of  its  business,  which  includes  the 
acquisition,  financing,  exploration,  development  and  operation  of  mineral  and  mining  properties.    There  are  a 
number of factors that could negatively affect the Company’s business and the value of its common shares, and 
these risk factors could materially affect the Company’s future operations and financial position and could cause 
actual events to differ materially from those described in forward-looking statements relating to the Company.  

Significant  risk  factors  have  been  identified  by  the  Company  and  are  listed  below.  Further  discussion  is  also 
available in the Company’s 2019 annual information form, as filed on SEDAR at www.sedar.com on July 10, 2020. 
The following information pertains to the outlook and conditions currently known to the Company that could have 
a material impact on the financial condition of the Company. Other factors may arise that are not currently foreseen 
by management of the Company that may present additional risks in the future. Current and prospective security 
holders of the Company should carefully consider these risk factors, as they could materially affect the Company’s 
future  operations  and  could  cause  actual  events  to  differ  materially  from  those  described  in  forward-looking 
statements relating to the Company.  

11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exploration and Development Risk  

Mining exploration, development and operations generally involve a high degree of risk that cannot be 
eliminated,  and  which  can  adversely  impact  the  Company’s  success  and  financial  performance. 
Exploration for and development of mineral deposits involves a high degree of risk and few properties 
that are explored are ultimately developed into producing mines. 

Discovery  of mineral deposits is dependent  upon  a number of factors,  not the  least  of which are the 
technical skills of the exploration personnel involved and the capital required for the programs. The cost 
of conducting programs may be substantial and the likelihood of success is difficult to assess. There is 
no assurance that the Company’s mineral exploration activities will result in any discoveries of new bodies 
of commercial ore. There is also no assurance that even if commercial quantities of ore are discovered 
that  a  new  ore  body  would  be  developed  and  brought  into  commercial  production.  The  commercial 
viability of a mineral deposit once discovered is dependent upon a number of factors, some of which are 
discussed separately in the subsequent sections, and include the particular attributes of the deposit (such 
as size, grade, metallurgy and proximity to infrastructure and labour), the interpretation of geological 
data obtained from drilling and sampling; feasibility studies; the cost of water and power; anticipated 
climatic conditions; cyclical metal prices; fluctuations in inflation and currency exchange rates; higher 
input  commodity  and  labour  costs;  commodity  price  fluctuations;  government  regulations,  including 
regulations relating to prices, taxes, royalties, land tenure and use, allowable production, importing and 
exporting of minerals, and environmental protection. Most of the above factors are beyond the control 
of the Company.  Development projects will also be subject to the successful completion of final feasibility 
studies,  issuance  of  necessary  permits  and  other  governmental  approvals  and  receipt  of  adequate 
financing, as major expenses are typically required to locate and establish Mineral Reserves, to develop 
metallurgical processes and to construct mining and processing facilities at a particular site. The exact 
effect of these factors cannot be accurately predicted, but the combination of any of these factors may 
adversely affect the Company’s business.  

The  Company’s  operations  are  subject  to  all  of  the  hazards  and  risks  normally  encountered  in  the 
exploration and development of copper, gold, and silver projects and properties, including unusual and 
unexpected geologic formations, seismic activity, rock slides, ground instabilities or failures, mechanical 
failures, flooding and other conditions involved in the drilling and removal of material, any of which could 
result in damage to, or destruction of facilities, damage to life or property, environmental damage and 
possible legal liability.  

As appropriate, the Company may seek to mitigate its exploration risk by diversifying its portfolio, or 
through the establishment of joint ventures and option agreements with third parties. 

Mineral Reserves and Mineral Resources Estimates 

The Company’s reported  Mineral Reserves  and Mineral Resources are estimations only.  No assurance 
can  be  given  that  the  estimated  Mineral  Reserves  and  Mineral  Resources  are  accurate  or  that  the 
indicated  level  of  copper,  gold,  silver  or  any  other  mineral  will  be  recovered  or  produced.  Actual 
mineralization or formations may be different from those predicted. It may take many years from the 
initial  phase  of  drilling  before  production  is  possible  and  during  that  time  the  economic  feasibility  of 
exploiting a discovery may change. Market price fluctuations of copper, gold and silver and certain other 
metals,  as  well  as  increased  production  and  capital  costs  or  reduced  recovery  rates,  may  render  the 
Company’s Mineral Reserves uneconomic to develop. Moreover, short-term operating factors relating to 
the Mineral Reserves, such as the need for the orderly development of ore bodies, the processing of new 
or  different  ore  grades,  the  technical  complexity  of  ore  bodies,  unusual  or  unexpected  geological 
formations, ore dilution or varying metallurgical and other ore characteristics may cause Mineral Reserves 
to  be  reduced.  Estimated Mineral  Reserves  may  have  to  be  recalculated  based  on  fluctuations  in  the 
price of metals, or changes in other assumptions on which they are based. Any of these  factors may 

12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
require the Company to reduce its Mineral Reserves and Mineral Resources, which could have a negative 
impact on the Company’s business. 

Failure  to  obtain  or  maintain  necessary  permits  or  government  approvals  or  changes  to  applicable 
legislation could also cause the Company to reduce its reserves. In addition, changes to mine plans could 
cause the Company to reduce its Mineral Reserves. There is also no assurance that the Company will 
achieve indicated levels of copper, gold or silver recovery or obtain the prices assumed in determining 
such Mineral Reserves. 

Mineral Resources that are not Mineral Reserves do not have demonstrated economic viability and there 
is no assurance that they will ever be mined or processed profitably. Due to the uncertainty which may 
attach to Mineral Resources, there is no assurance that all or any part of Measured or Indicated Mineral 
Resources  will  ever  be  converted  into  Mineral  Reserves;  and  no  assurance  that  all  or  any  part  of  an 
Inferred Mineral Resources exists or is economically or legally mineable. 

Permitting 

The Company’s development and exploration activities are subject to permitting requirements in both 
Argentina and Chile. In particular, comprehensive environmental assessments will be necessary for the 
Filo del Sol Project in Argentina in order to obtain the necessary approval for each of the Filo del Sol 
Project stages, which assessment will be conducted in compliance with Argentinian regulations. Project 
development will also require an environmental impact assessment study in Chile. Following the receipt 
of environmental approvals, additional permits, licences, authorizations, and certificates will be required 
to proceed to project construction, including, for example, mining water and fuel delivery, sewage water 
treatment, hazardous waste plans, drilling and closure plans. Failure to obtain required permits and/or 
to  maintain  compliance  with  permits  once  obtained  could  result  in  injunctions,  fines,  suspension  or 
revocation of permits and other penalties.  

There can be no assurance that the Company will obtain all such permits and/or achieve or maintain full 
compliance with such permits at all times. Activities required to obtain and/or achieve or maintain full 
compliance with such permits can be costly and involve extended timelines.  

Previously  issued  permits  may  be  suspended  or  revoked  for  a  variety  of  reasons,  including  through 
government  or  court  action.  Failure  to  obtain  and/or  comply  with  required  permits  can  have  serious 
consequences, including: damage to the Company’s reputation; stopping the Company from proceeding 
with the development of a project; negatively impacting further development of a mine; and increasing 
the costs of development and litigation or regulatory action against the Company, and may materially 
adversely affect the Company’s business, results of operations or financial condition. 

Economic and Political Instability in Argentina 

The Filo del Sol Project is predominantly located in San Juan Province, Argentina. There are risks relating 
to an uncertain or unpredictable political and economic environment in Argentina, especially as there is 
social opposition to mining operations in certain parts of the country. During an economic crisis in 2001 
to 2003 and again in 2014, Argentina defaulted on foreign debt repayments and on the repayment on a 
number of official loans to multinational organizations. In addition, the government has renegotiated or 
defaulted on contractual arrangements. The recently elected government, which took office in December 
2019,  has  reinstated  currency  controls  previously  lifted  by  the  opposition  government,  which,  among 
other impacts, restricts the ability of companies and its citizens to obtain United States dollars, in each 
case requiring Central Bank approval (resulting in, at times, a limitation on the ability of multi-national 
companies  to  distribute  dividends  abroad  in  United  States  dollars).  While  the  political  environment  in 
Argentina continues to develop, and the status of currency controls and restrictions remains fluid, past 
actions  indicate  that  the  Argentinean  government  may  from  time  to  time  alter  or  impose  additional 

13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
requirements or policies that may adversely affect the Company’s activities in Argentina, or in its ability 
to attract joint venture partners or obtain financing for its projects in the future. In addition, economic 
instability in Argentina may negatively impact the timeliness or recoverability of amounts collectible from 
the government of Argentina. 

Environmental and Socio-Political Risks 

The Company seeks to operate within environmental protection standards that meet or exceed existing 
requirements  in  the  countries  in  which  the  Company  conducts  activities.  The  Company  also  aims  to 
conduct its activities in accordance with high corporate social responsibility principles. Present or future 
laws  and  regulations,  however,  may  affect  the  Company’s  operations.  Environmental  legislation  is 
evolving in a manner that requires stricter standards and enforcement, increased fines and penalties for 
non-compliance,  more  stringent  environmental  assessments  of  proposed  projects  and  a  heightened 
degree  of  responsibility  for  companies  and  their  officers,  directors  and  employees.  The  Company  is 
currently engaged in exploration with limited environmental impact.  Future environmental costs may 
increase  due  to  changing  requirements  or  costs  associated  with  exploration  and  the  developing, 
operating  and  closing  of  mines.  The  Company  is  subject  to  environmental  regulation  in  the  various 
jurisdictions  in  which  it  operates.  Failure  to  comply  with  these  laws,  regulations  and  permitting 
requirements  may  result  in  enforcement  actions,  including  orders  issued  by  regulatory  or  judicial 
authorities causing operations to cease or be curtailed, and may include corrective measures requiring 
capital expenditures, installation of additional equipment, or remedial actions. Parties engaged in mining 
operations  or  in  the  exploration  or  development  of  mineral  properties  may  also  be  required  to 
compensate  those  suffering  loss  or  damage  by  reason  of  the  mining  activities  and  may  have  civil  or 
criminal  fines  or  penalties  imposed  for  violations  of  applicable  laws  or  regulations.  Furthermore, 
environmental  hazards  may  exist  on  the  properties  on  which  the  Company  holds  interests  which  are 
unknown to the Company  at present and which  have been caused by previous  or existing owners or 
operators of the properties. 

Programs  may  also  be  delayed  or  prohibited  in  some  areas  due  to  technical  factors,  new  legislative 
constraints, social opposition or local government capacity or willingness to issue permits to explore in a 
timely manner. 

In  parts  of  Argentina,  there  is  environmental  opposition  to  both  mineral  exploration  and  mining. 
Accordingly, there may be a certain degree of anti-mining sentiment that could potentially affect the risk 
of successfully exploring and developing the Company’s assets in those provinces. 

The Argentine Congress has passed legislation designed to protect the country’s glaciers. This law would 
restrict development on and around glaciers. The detailed regulations that will govern implementation 
of the law have not yet been written but this legislation could affect the Company’s ability to develop 
parts of the Company’s properties in Argentina including the Filo del Sol Project. The Chilean Congress 
is also considering legislation designed to protect the country’s glaciers. This legislation has not yet been 
approved but depending on its final language could affect the Company’s ability to develop the Tamberias 
property. 

Uncertainty of Funding and Dilution of Shareholders’ Interests in the Company 

The exploration and development of mineral properties requires a substantial amount of capital and may 
depend  on  the  Company’s  ability  to  obtain  financing  through  joint  ventures,  debt  financing,  equity 
financing or other means. General market conditions, volatile metals prices, a claim against the Company, 
a significant disruption to the Company’s business, or other factors may make it difficult to secure the 
necessary financing. There is no assurance that the  Company will be successful in obtaining required 
financing as and when needed on acceptable terms. Failure to obtain any necessary additional financing 
may  result  in  delaying  or  indefinite  postponement  of  exploration  or  development  or  even  a  loss  of 

14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
property interest. If the Company needs to raise additional funds, such financing may substantially dilute 
the economic and voting rights of the Company’s shareholders and reduce the value of their investment. 
Since the Company’s capital needs depend on market conditions and other factors beyond its control, it 
cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of any such future offering of securities. Thus, 
holders of  common shares of the  Company bear the risk of any future offerings  reducing the market 
price of the common shares and diluting their shareholdings in the Company. 

Metal Price Risk 

The Company’s portfolio of properties and investments have exposure to predominantly copper, gold, 
and  silver.  Commodity  prices  fluctuate  widely  and  are  affected  by  numerous  factors  beyond  the 
Company’s  control,  such  as  the  sale  or  purchase  of  metals  by  various  central  banks  and  financial 
institutions, interest rates, exchange rates, inflation or deflation, fluctuation in the value of the United 
States  dollar  and  foreign  currencies,  global  and  regional  supply  and  demand,  and  the  political  and 
economic conditions of major metals-producing and metals-consuming countries throughout the world. 
The prices of these metals greatly affect the value of the Company, the price of the common shares of 
the Company and the potential value of its properties and investments. This, in turn, greatly affects its 
ability to form joint ventures, option agreements and the structure of any joint ventures formed. This is 
due, at least in part, to the underlying value of the Company’s assets at different metals prices. 

Title Risk 

The  Company  has  investigated  its  right  to  explore  and  exploit  its  properties  and,  to  the  best  of  its 
knowledge, those rights are in good standing. The results of the Company’s investigations should not be 
construed as a guarantee of title. Other parties may dispute the title to a property, or the property may 
be subject to prior unregistered agreements or liens and transfers or land claims by aboriginal, native, 
or  indigenous  peoples.  The  title  may  be  affected  by  undetected  encumbrances  or  defects  or 
governmental actions. The Company has not conducted surveys of all of its properties, and the precise 
area and location of claims or the properties may be challenged and no assurances can be given that 
there are no title defects affecting such properties. The rules governing mining concessions in Chile and 
Argentina  are  complex  and any  failure by the  Company to meet requirements  would have  a material 
adverse effect on the Company. Any defects in the title to the Company’s properties could have a material 
and adverse effect on the Company. 

No assurance can be given that applicable governments will not revoke or significantly alter the conditions 
of  the  applicable  exploration  and  mining  authorizations  nor  that  such  exploration  and  mining 
authorizations will not be challenged or impugned by third parties. Although the Company has not had 
any problem renewing its licenses in the past there is no guarantee that it will always be able to do so. 
Inability to renew a license could result in the loss of any project located within that license. 

The Company is earning an interest in the Tamberias property through an option agreement requiring 
property payments and acquisition of title to the properties is completed only when the option conditions 
have been met.  

If  the  Company  does  not  satisfactorily  complete  these  option  conditions  in  the  period  laid  out  in  the 
option agreements, the Company’s title to the related property will not vest and the Company will have 
to write down its previously capitalized costs related to that property. 

15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COVID-19 

The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted and increased volatility of global financial markets and 
may continue to do so. The economic viability of the Company’s long-term business plan is impacted by 
its ability to obtain financing, and global economic conditions impact the general availability of financing 
through public and private debt and equity markets, as well as through other avenues. 

The health and safety of the Stakeholders remain the Company’s priority, and pursuant to its COVID-19 
operating  protocol,  the  Company’s  camp  facilities  and  offices  have  implemented  travel  restrictions, 
surveillance,  monitoring  and  response  plans  to  reduce  the  risk  of  COVID-19  exposure  and  outbreak, 
including health screening of personnel when appropriate. All non-critical business travel has also been 
curtailed.  

As the Company continues to monitor developments with respect to COVID-19, both globally and within 
its operating jurisdictions, it will remain adaptive and will implement any such changes to its COVID-19 
protocol, or its business in general, as may be deemed appropriate to mitigate any potential impacts to 
its business and its Stakeholders. Such changes, may include, but are not limited to, temporary closures 
of the Company’s project site or offices, and deviations from the timing and nature of previous operating 
plans. Moreover, sustained COVID-19 outbreaks have resulted in operational and supply chain delays 
and  disruption  as  a  result  of  governmental  regulation  and  preventative  measures  being  implemented 
worldwide, including in Argentina. The Company could also be required to close, curtail or otherwise limit 
its  operating  activities  as  a  result  of  the  implementation  of  any  such  governmental  regulation  or 
preventative measures in the jurisdictions in which the Company operates, or as a result of sustained 
COVID-19  outbreaks  at  its  project  site  or  facilities.  Any  such  closures  or  curtailments  could  have  an 
adverse impact on the business of the Company.  

Dependence on Single Project 

The  Filo  del  Sol  Project  is  the  Company’s  sole  project  and  therefore,  any  adverse  development  with 
respect to the Filo del Sol Project will have a material adverse effect on the Company.  

Negative Operating Cash Flow 

The Company is an exploration stage company and has not generated cash flow from operations. The 
Company is devoting significant resources to the development and acquisition of its properties, however 
there can be  no assurance  that  it will generate positive cash flow from operations in the  future. The 
Company expects to continue to incur negative consolidated operating cash flow and losses until such 
time as it achieves commercial production at a particular project. The Company currently has negative 
cash flow from operating activities.  

Foreign Operations Risk 

The Company conducts exploration activities in foreign countries, including Argentina and Chile. Each of 
these countries exposes the Company to risks that may not otherwise be experienced if all operations 
were located in Canada. The risks vary from country to country and can include, but are not limited to, 
civil  unrest  or  war,  terrorism,  illegal  mining,  changing  political  conditions,  fluctuations  in  currency 
exchange rates, expropriation or nationalization without adequate compensation, changes to royalty and 
tax regimes, high rates of inflation, labour unrest and difficulty in understanding and complying with the 
regulatory and legal framework respecting ownership and maintenance of mineral properties, as well as 
the  revocation  or  suspension  of  previously  issued  mining  permits.  Changes  in  mining  or  investment 
policies or shifts in political attitudes may also adversely affect Company’s existing assets and operations. 
Real and perceived political risk may also affect Company’s ability to finance exploration programs and 
attract joint venture or option partners, and future mine development opportunities. Chile is typically 

16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
viewed as a favourable mining jurisdiction; however, certain Canadian issuers have recently experienced 
regulatory  action  with  regards  to  Chilean  operations,  specifically  with  respect  to  increased  permitting 
timelines. 

Numerous  countries  have  introduced  changes  to  mining  regimes  that  reflect  increased  government 
control or participation in the mining sector, including, but not limited to, changes of law affecting foreign 
ownership,  mandatory  government  participation,  taxation  and  royalties,  exploration  licensing,  export 
duties, and repatriation of income or return of capital. There can be no assurance that industries, which 
are deemed of national or strategic importance in countries in which the Company has assets, including 
mineral  exploration,  will  not  be  nationalized.  There  is  a  risk  that  further  government  limitations, 
restrictions or requirements, not presently foreseen, will be implemented. Changes in policy that alter 
laws regulating the mining industry could have a material adverse effect on the Company. There can be 
no  assurance  that  the  Company’s  assets  in  these  countries  will  not  be  subject  to  nationalization, 
requisition or confiscation, whether legitimate or not, by an authority or body. 

In addition, in the event of a dispute arising from foreign operations, the Company may be subject to 
the exclusive jurisdiction of foreign courts or may not be successful in subjecting foreign persons to the 
jurisdiction  of courts in Canada. The  Company also  may be hindered or prevented from enforcing its 
rights with respect to a governmental instrumentality because of the doctrine of sovereign immunity. It 
is not possible for the Company to accurately predict such developments or changes in laws or policy or 
to what extent any such developments or changes may have a material adverse effect on the Company. 

Non-compliance with applicable laws, regulations and permitting requirements (including allegations of 
such)  may  result  in  enforcement  actions,  including  orders  issued  by  regulatory  or  judicial  authorities 
causing operations to cease or be curtailed or causing the withdrawal of permits or mining licenses, and 
the imposition of corrective measures requiring material capital expenditure or remedial action resulting 
in materially increased cost of compliance, reputational damage and potentially impaired ability to secure 
future  approvals  and  permits.  The  Company  may  be  required  to  compensate  third  parties  for  loss  or 
damage and may  have  civil or  criminal  fines or penalties imposed  for violations  of applicable  laws or 
regulations. 

Indigenous Peoples 

The  Company  operates  in  some  areas  including  parts  of  the  Tamberias  area  presently  or  previously 
inhabited  or  used  by  indigenous  peoples.  Various  international  and  national  laws,  codes,  resolutions, 
conventions, guidelines, and other material relate to the rights of indigenous peoples. Many of  these 
materials impose obligations on government to respect the rights of indigenous people. Some mandate 
that  government  consult  with  indigenous  people  regarding  government  actions,  which  may  affect 
indigenous people, including actions to approve or grant mining rights or permits. ILO Convention 169, 
which has been ratified by Argentina and Chile, is an example of such an international convention. The 
obligations  of  government  and  private  parties  under  the  various  international  and  national  materials 
pertaining to indigenous people continue to evolve and be defined. Examples of recent developments in 
this area include the United Nations Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous People and the International 
Finance Corporation’s revised Performance Standard 7, which requires governments to obtain the free, 
prior, and informed consent of indigenous peoples who may be affected by government action, such as 
the  granting  of  mining  concessions  or  approval  of  mine  permits.  The  Company’s  current  and  future 
operations are subject to a risk that one or more groups of indigenous people may oppose continued 
operation,  further  development,  or  new  development  of  the  Company’s  projects  or  operations.  Such 
opposition may be directed through legal or administrative proceedings or expressed in manifestations 
such  as  protests,  roadblocks  or  other  forms  of  public  expression  against  the  Company’s  activities. 
Opposition by indigenous people to the Company’s operations may require modification of, or preclude 
operation  or  development  of,  the  Company’s  projects  or  may  require  the  Company  to  enter  into 
agreements with indigenous people with respect to the Company’s projects. 

17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dependence on Key Personnel 

The Company’s success will largely depend on the efforts and abilities of certain senior officers and key 
employees.  Certain  of  these  individuals  have  significant  experience  in  the  mining  industry  and,  in 
particular, the mining industry in South America. While the Company does not foresee any reason why 
such officers and key employees will not remain with the Company, if for any reason they do not, the 
Company could be adversely affected. In addition, certain of these individuals are also senior officers 
and  key  employees  of  Josemaria  and/or  NGEx  Minerals  and,  pursuant  to  the  terms  of  the  Services 
Agreement, the employment costs associated with these individuals are shared between the Company, 
Josemaria  and  NGEx  Minerals  on  a  pro-rata  basis.  If such  officers  and  key  employees  do  not  remain 
employed with Josemaria  and/or  NGEx Minerals for the purposes  of the cost-sharing basis under the 
Services Agreement, the Company could be adversely affected.  The Company has not purchased key 
man life insurance for any of these individuals. 

No Operating History 

Exploration  projects  have  no  operating  history  upon  which  to  base  estimates  of  future  cash  flows. 
Substantial expenditures are required to develop mineral projects. It is possible that actual costs and 
future economic returns may differ materially from Filo Mining’s estimates. There can be no assurance 
that the underlying assumed levels of expenses for any project will prove to be accurate. Further, it is 
not unusual in the mining industry for new mining operations to experience unexpected problems during 
start-up, resulting in delays and requiring more capital than anticipated. There can be no assurance that 
Filo  Mining’s  projects  will  move  beyond  the  exploration  stage  and  be  put  into  production,  achieve 
commercial production or that Filo Mining will produce revenue, operate profitably or provide a return 
on investment in the future. Mineral exploration involves considerable financial and technical risk. There 
can be no assurance that the funds required for exploration and future development can be obtained on 
a timely basis. There can be no assurance that Filo Mining will not suffer significant losses in the near 
future or that Filo Mining will ever be profitable. 

Surface Access 

The Company has surface access rights but does not own any surface rights at the Filo del Sol Project. 
The  owners  of  the  surface  rights  are  in  agreement  with  the  Company’s  subsidiaries  in  conducting 
exploration activities on their ground.  

From time to time, a land possessor may dispute the Company’s surface access rights and, as a result, 
the Company may be barred from its legal temporary occupation rights. Surface access issues have the 
potential to result in the delay of planned exploration programs, and these delays may be significant. 
Such delays may have a material adverse effect on the Company.  

The Company may require additional surface rights and property interests to further develop or exploit 
the resources on its properties, which will require negotiations with private landowners for the additional 
ownership and/or surface rights in order for the Company to fully operate. Surface rights may also be 
regulated and restricted by applicable law. There is no assurance that the Company will be able to obtain 
the required surface rights or negotiate successfully with private landowners to allow it to develop its 
properties and establish commercial mining operations on a timely basis. To the extent additional surface 
rights  are  available,  they  may  only  be  acquired  at  significantly  increased  prices,  potentially  adversely 
impacting financial performance of the Company.  

Conflicts of Interest 

Some of the directors and employees/officers of the Company are also directors and employees/officers 
of other companies that are similarly engaged in the  business of acquiring, exploring and developing 

18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
natural resource properties. In addition, certain individuals also serve as officers of Josemaria and/or 
NGEx Minerals and are subject to the Services Agreement. Such associations may give rise to conflicts 
of interest from time to time. In particular, one of the consequences will be that corporate opportunities 
presented  to  a  director  or  employee/officer  of  the  Company  may  be  offered  to  another  company  or 
companies with which the director or employee/officer is associated and may not be presented or made 
available to the Company. The directors and employees/officers of the Company are required by law to 
act honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interests of the Company, to disclose any interest 
that they may have in any project or opportunity of the Company, and to abstain from voting on such 
matter. Conflicts of interest that arise will be subject to and governed by the procedures prescribed by 
the Company’s Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and the CBCA. 

Trading Price for the Common Shares is Volatile 

The securities of publicly traded companies, particularly mineral exploration and development companies, 
can experience a high level of price and volume volatility and the value of the Company’s securities can 
be expected to fluctuate depending on various factors, not all of which are directly related to the success 
of the Company and its operating performance, underlying asset values or prospects. These include the 
risks described elsewhere in this Prospectus. The trading price of the Company’s common shares has 
been and may continue to be subject to large fluctuations, which may result in losses to investors. The 
trading price of the Company’s common shares may increase or decrease in response to a number of 
events and factors, including:  

 
 

issuances of common shares or debt securities by the Company;  
the  Company’s  operating  performance  and  the  performance  of  competitors  and  other  similar 
companies;  
the addition or departure of key management and other personnel;  
the expiration of lock-up or other transfer restrictions on outstanding common shares;  

 
 
  significant acquisitions or business combinations, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital 

 

commitments by or involving the Company or its competitors; 
the  public’s  reaction  to  the  Company’s  press  releases,  other  public  announcements  and  the 
Company’s filings with the various securities regulatory authorities;  

  changes in recommendations by research analysts who track the Company’s common shares or 

 
 

the shares of other companies in the resource sector;  
the number of common shares to be publicly traded after an offering; and  
the  factors  listed  under  the  heading  “Cautionary  Note  Regarding  Forward-Looking  Information 
and Statements”. 

In addition, the market price of the common shares is affected by many variables not directly related to 
the Company’s success and therefore not within the Company’s control. Factors which may influence the 
price  of  the  Company’s  securities,  include,  but  are  not  limited  to:  worldwide  economic  conditions; 
changes  in  government  policies;  local  community  opposition  to  mining  projects  generally;  investor 
perceptions; movements in global interest rates and global stock markets; variations in operating costs; 
the cost of capital that the Company may require in the future; the market price of metals, including 
copper,  gold  and  silver;  the  price  of  commodities  necessary  for  the  Company’s  operations; 
recommendations  by  securities  research  analysts;  the  share  price  performance  of  the  Company’s 
competitors;  news  reports  relating  to  trends,  concerns,  technological  or  competitive  developments, 
regulatory changes and other related industry and market issues affecting the mining sector; publicity 
about the Company, the Company’s personnel or others operating in the industry; loss of a major funding 
source; and all market conditions that are specific to the mining industry, including other developments 
that affect the market for all resource sector shares, the breadth of the public market for the common 
shares, and the attractiveness of alternative investments. The effect of these and other factors on the 
market  price  of  Shares  on  the  exchanges  on  which  the  Company  trades  has  historically  made  the 

19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Company’s share price volatile and suggests that the Company’s share price will continue to be volatile 
in the future.  

As a result of any of these factors, the market price of the common shares at any given point in time 
may not accurately reflect the long-term value of the Company. Securities class-action litigation often 
has been brought against companies following periods of volatility in the market price of their securities. 
The  Company  may  in  the  future  be  the  target  of  similar  litigation.  Securities  litigation  could  result  in 
substantial costs and damages and divert management’s attention and resources. 

Control of Filo Mining  

As at the date of this MD&A, Zebra and Lorito, who report their security holdings as joint actors, are 
control persons of Filo Mining (as defined by the Canadian securities regulations). As long as Zebra and 
Lorito maintain significant interests in Filo Mining, they will have the ability to exercise certain influence 
with respect to the affairs of Filo Mining and significantly affect the outcome of the votes of shareholders. 
There is a risk that the interests of Zebra and Lorito differ from those of other shareholders.  

As a result of the significant holdings of Zebra and Lorito, there is a risk that the Company’s securities 
are less liquid and trade at a relative discount compared to circumstances where these persons did not 
have the ability to influence or determine matters affecting Filo Mining. Additionally, there is a risk that 
their  significant  interests  in  Filo  Mining  discourages  transactions  involving  a  change  of  control  of  Filo 
Mining,  including  transactions  in  which  an  investor,  as  a  holder  of  the  Company’s  securities,  would 
otherwise receive a premium for its Company’s securities over the then-current market price. 

Infrastructure 

Development and exploration activities depend, to one degree or another, on adequate infrastructure. 
Reliable  roads,  bridges,  power  and  water  supplies  are  important  determinants  that  affect  costs.  The 
Company’s ability to obtain a secure supply of power and water at a reasonable cost depends on many 
factors, including: global and regional supply and demand; political and economic conditions; problems 
that can affect local supplies; delivery; and relevant regulatory regimes. Power and water are currently 
in short supply throughout Northern Chile and this may adversely affect the ability of the Company to 
explore  and  develop  its  Chilean  projects.  Unusual  or  infrequent  weather  phenomena,  sabotage  or 
government,  and  other  interference  in  the  maintenance  or  provision  of  such  infrastructure  could 
adversely affect the activities and profitability of the Company. 

Establishing such infrastructure will require significant resources, identification of adequate sources of 
raw materials and supplies and necessary cooperation from national and regional governments, none of 
which  can  be  assured.  There  is  no  guarantee  that  the  Company  will  secure  these  power,  water  and 
access rights going forward or on reasonable terms. 

Global Financial Conditions Can Reduce Share Prices and Limit Access to Financing 

The economic viability of the Company’s business plan is impacted by the Company’s ability to obtain 
financing.  The  economic  conditions  and  outlook  of  the  jurisdictions  in  which  the  Company’s  projects 
reside, and more generally global economic conditions, may impact the general availability of financing 
through public and private debt and equity markets, as well as through other avenues.  

Significant political, market, economic, natural or manmade events may have wide-reaching effects and, 
to the extent they are not accurately anticipated or priced into markets, may result in sudden periods of 
market volatility and correction. Periods of market volatility and correction may have an adverse impact 
on economic growth and outlook, as well as lending and capital markets activity, all of which may impact 
the Company’s ability to secure adequate financing on favourable terms, or at all. 

20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Most recently, global financial markets experienced a period of correction and increased volatility during 
the COVID-19 pandemic, which began in March 2020. While financial markets have generally recovered, 
there is no guarantee that credit market conditions will not worsen, nor that favourable equity market 
conditions will persist. A general risk-adverse approach to investing, decreases  in consumer spending 
and  increases  in  the  unemployment  rate  and  consumer  debt  levels,  which  may  become  more 
predominant  as  a  result  of  market  turmoil,  may  limit  the  Company’s  ability  to  obtain  future  equity 
financing. Inability to obtain financing at all, or on acceptable terms, may have a material adverse effect 
on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects. 

Other events may also result in volatility and disruption to global supply chains, operations, mobility of 
people,  patterns  of  consumption  and  service,  and  financial  markets,  and  therefore  potentially  have  a 
negative impact on the Company’s ability to secure financing on favourable terms, or at all, its access to 
the Filo del Sol Project, or its ability to execute its business initiatives, including its field programs. Such 
events may include catastrophic events, either on a global scale or in the specific jurisdictions where the 
Company has its projects, and include, but are not limited to, financial crises, such as that which occurred 
globally  in  2008,  earthquakes,  tsunamis,  floods,  typhoons,  fires,  power  disruptions,  other  natural  or 
manmade  disasters,  terrorist  attacks,  wars,  riots,  civil  unrest  or  other  conflicts,  outbreaks  of  a  public 
health crises, including epidemics, pandemics or outbreaks of new infectious diseases or viruses, as well 
as related and attendant events. 

Furthermore, general market, political and economic conditions, including, for example, inflation, interest 
and currency exchange rates, structural changes in the global mining industry, global supply and demand 
for commodities, political developments, legislative or regulatory changes, social or labour unrest and 
stock  market  trends  will  affect  the  Company’s  operating  environment  and  its  operating  costs,  profit 
margins and share price. Uncertainty or adverse changes relating to government regulation, economic 
and foreign policy matters, and other world events have the potential to adversely affect the performance 
of  and  outlook  for  the  Canadian  and  global  economies,  which  in  turn  may  affect  the  ability  of  the 
Company  to  access  financing  on  favourable  terms  or  at  all.  The  occurrence  of  negative  sentiment  or 
events  in  the  Canadian  and  broader  global  economy  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  the 
Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects.  

Currency Risk 

The Company will transact business in a number of currencies including but not limited to the US Dollar, 
the Argentine peso and the Chilean peso. The Argentine peso in particular has had significant fluctuations 
in value relative to the US and Canadian dollars. Ongoing economic uncertainty in Argentina as well as 
unpredictable changes to foreign exchange rules may result in fluctuations in the value of the Argentine 
peso that  are  greater than those  experienced in the  recent past.  Fluctuations in exchange rates may 
have  a  significant  effect  on  the  cash  flows  of  the  Company.  Future  changes  in  exchange  rates  could 
materially affect the Company’s results in either a positive or a negative direction. The Company does 
not currently engage in foreign currency hedging activities. 

Information Systems and Cyber Security  

The Company's operations depend on information technology (“IT”) systems. These IT systems could 
be subject to network disruptions caused by a variety of sources, including computer viruses, security 
breaches and cyber-attacks, as well as disruptions resulting from incidents such as cable cuts, damage 
to  physical  plants,  natural  disasters,  terrorism,  fire,  power  loss,  vandalism  and  theft.  The  Company's 
operations also depend on the timely maintenance, upgrade and replacement of networks, equipment, 
IT systems and software, as well as pre-emptive expenses to mitigate the risks of failures. Any of these 
and other events could result in information system failures, delays and/or increase in capital expenses. 
The  failure  of  information  systems  or  a  component  of  information  systems  could,  depending  on  the 
nature of any such failure, adversely impact the Company's reputation and results of operations.  

21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Although to date the Company has not experienced any material losses relating to cyber attacks or other 
information security breaches, there can be no assurance that the Company will not incur such losses in 
the  future.  The  Company's  risk  and  exposure  to  these  matters  cannot  be  fully  mitigated  because  of, 
among other things, the evolving nature of these threats. As a result, cyber security and the continued 
development  and  enhancement  of  controls,  processes  and  practices  designed  to  protect  systems, 
computers, software, data and networks from attack, damage or unauthorized access remain a priority. 
As cyber threats continue to evolve, the Company may be required to expend additional resources to 
continue  to  modify  or  enhance  protective  measures  or  to  investigate  and  remediate  any  security 
vulnerabilities. 

Application of Anti-Corruption and Anti-Bribery Laws 

The Company is required to comply with anti-corruption and anti-bribery laws, including the Extractive 
Sector Transparency Measures Act, the Canadian Corruption of Foreign Public Officials Act and the U.S. 
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, as well as similar laws in the countries in which the Company conducts its 
business. If the Company finds itself subject to an enforcement action or is found to be in violation of 
such  laws,  this  may  result  in  significant  penalties,  fines  and/or  sanctions  imposed  on  the  Company 
resulting in a material adverse effect on the Company. 

Competition 

There is aggressive competition within the mining industry for the discovery and acquisition of properties 
considered to have commercial potential, as well as the necessary labour and supplies required to develop 
such properties. The Company competes with other exploration and mining companies, many of which 
have greater financial resources, operational experience and technical capabilities than the Company, for 
the acquisition of mineral claims, leases and other mineral interests as well as for the recruitment and 
retention  of  qualified  employees  and  other  personnel.  The  Company  may  not  be  able  to  maintain  or 
acquire attractive mining properties on terms it considers acceptable, or at all. Consequently, its financial 
condition could be materially adversely affected. 

Uninsurable Risks 

Exploration,  development  and  production  operations  on  mineral  properties  involve  numerous  risks, 
including  unexpected  or  unusual  geological  operating  conditions,  rock  bursts,  cave-ins,  fires,  floods, 
earthquakes  and  other  environmental  occurrences,  as  well  as  political  and  social  instability.  It  is  not 
always possible to obtain insurance against all such risks and the Company may decide not to insure 
against certain risks because of high premiums or other reasons. Should such liabilities arise, they could 
reduce or eliminate any further profitability and result in increasing costs and a decline in the value of 
the securities of the Company. The Company does not maintain insurance against political risks. 

Tax 

The Company runs its business in different countries and strives to run its business in as tax efficient a 
manner  as  possible.  The  tax  systems  in  certain  of  these  countries  are  complicated  and  subject  to 
changes. For this reason, future negative effects on the result of the Company due to changes in tax 
regulations cannot be excluded. Repatriation of earnings to Canada from other countries may be subject 
to withholding taxes. The Company has no control over withholding tax rates. 

22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
QUALIFIED PERSON 

The  scientific  and  technical  disclosure  for  the  Filo  del  Sol  Project  included  in  this  MD&A  have  been  reviewed  and 
approved by Bob Carmichael, P. Eng. (BC) and/or Jamie Beck, B.A.Sc., P.Eng. Mr. Carmichael is Filo Mining's Vice-
President of Exploration and a Qualified Person under National Instrument 43-101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral 
Projects. (“NI 43-101”).  Mr. Beck is Filo Mining’s President and CEO and is also a Qualified Person under NI 43-101. 

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS 

Certain statements made and information contained herein in the MD&A constitutes “forward-looking information” and 
forward-looking  statements”  within  the  meaning  of  applicable  securities  legislation  (collectively,  “forward-looking 
information”  or  “forward-looking  statements”)  concerning  the  business,  operations,  financial  performance  and 
condition of Filo Mining.  The forward-looking information contained in this MD&A is based on information available to 
the Company as of the date of this MD&A. Except as  required under applicable securities legislation, the Company 
does  not  intend,  and  does  not  assume  any  obligation,  to  update  this  forward-looking  information.    Generally,  any 
statements that express or involve discussions with respect to predictions, expectations, beliefs, plans, projections, 
objectives, assumptions or future events or performance, (often, but not always, identified by words or phrases such 
as "plans", "expects" or "does not expect", "is expected", "budget", "scheduled", "estimates", "forecasts", "intends", 
“projects” , “estimates”, “budgets”, “scheduled”, “forecasts”, “assumes”, “intends”, “strategy”, “goals”, “objectives”, 
“potential”, “possible”, "anticipates" or "does not anticipate", or "believes", or variations of such words and phrases or 
statements that certain actions, events, conditions or results “will”, "may", "could", "would", “should”, "might" or "will 
be  taken",  "will  occur"  or  "will  be  achieved"  or  the  negative  connotations  thereof  and  similar  expressions)  are  not 
statements of historical fact and may be forward-looking statements.   

All statements other than statements of historical fact may be forward-looking statements. Forward-looking information 
is  necessarily  based  on  estimates  and  assumptions  that  are  inherently  subject  to  known  and  unknown  risks, 
uncertainties and other factors that may cause the actual results, level of activity, performance or achievements of 
the Company to be materially different from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking information, including 
but not limited to: risks and uncertainties relating to, among other things, the inherent uncertainties regarding Mineral 
Resource  estimates,  cost  estimates,  changes  in  commodity  prices,  currency  fluctuation,  financings,  unanticipated 
resource grades, infrastructure, results of exploration activities, cost overruns, availability of materials and equipment, 
timeliness of government approvals, taxation, political risk and related economic risk and unanticipated environmental 
impact on operations as well as other risks, and uncertainties and other factors, including, without limitation, those 
referred to in the “Risks and Uncertainties” section of the MD&A and in the Company’s most recent Annual Information 
Form,  under  the  heading  “Risks  Factors”,  and  elsewhere,  which  may  cause  the  actual  results,  level  of  activity, 
performance  or  achievements  of  the  Company  to  be  materially  different  from  those  expressed  or  implied  by  such 
forward-looking information. 

The Company believes that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements and information included in 
this MD&A are reasonable but no assurance can be given that these expectations will prove to be correct and such 
forward-looking statements and information should not be unduly relied upon.  This statement and information is as 
of the date of the MD&A. In particular, this MD&A contains forward-looking statements or information pertaining to 
the  assumptions  used  in  the  PFS  for  the  Filo  del  Sol  Project,  the  assumptions  used  in  the  Mineral  Reserves  and 
Resources estimates for the Filo del Sol Project, including, but not limited to, geological interpretation, grades, metal 
price assumptions, metallurgical and mining recovery rates, geotechnical and hydrogeological conditions, as applicable; 
ability to develop infrastructure; assumptions made in the interpretation of drill results, geology, grade and continuity 
of mineral deposits; expectations regarding access and demand for equipment, skilled labour and services needed for 
exploration and development of mineral properties; and that activities will not be adversely disrupted or impeded by 
exploration,  development,  operating,  regulatory,  political,  community,  economic  and/or  environmental  risks.  In 
addition, this MD&A may contain forward-looking statements or information pertaining to: potential exploration upside 
at the Filo del Sol Project, including the extent and significance of the sulphide mineralization underlying the current 
Mineral Resource and the prospectivity of exploration targets; exploration and development plans and expenditures; 

23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
the ability of the Company’s COVID-19 operating protocol to continue to meet government mandated health and safety 
guidelines enabling it to conduct its field programs as planned; opportunities to improve project economics; the success 
of future exploration activities; potential for resource expansion; potential for the discovery of new mineral deposits; 
ability  to  build  shareholder  value;  expectations  with  regard  to  adding  to  Mineral  Reserves  or  Resources  through 
exploration; expectations with respect to the conversion of inferred resources to an indicated resources classification; 
ability  to  execute  the  planned  work  programs;  estimation  of  commodity  prices,  Mineral  Reserves  and  Resources, 
estimations  of  costs,  and  permitting  time  lines;  ability  to  obtain  surface  rights  and  property  interests;  currency 
exchange  rate  fluctuations;  requirements  for  additional  capital;  government  regulation  of  mining  activities; 
environmental risks; unanticipated reclamation expenses; title disputes or claims; limitations on insurance coverage; 
and other risks and uncertainties. 

Forward-looking information is based on certain assumptions that the Company believes are reasonable, including that 
the current price of and demand for commodities will  be sustained or will improve, the supply of commodities  will 
remain stable, that the general business and economic conditions will not change in a material adverse manner, that 
financing will be available if and when needed on reasonable terms and that the Company will not experience any 
material labour dispute, accident, or failure of plant or equipment.  These factors are not, and should not be construed 
as  being,  exhaustive.   Although  the  Company  has  attempted  to  identify  important  factors  that  would  cause  actual 
results to differ materially from those contained in forward-looking information, there may be other factors that cause 
results not to be as anticipated, estimated, or intended.  There can be no assurance that such statements will prove 
to be accurate, as the Company’s actual results and future events could differ materially from those anticipated in 
such  statements,  as  a  result  of  the  factors  discussed  in  the  “Risk  and  Uncertainties”  section  of  this  MD&A,  and 
elsewhere, and in the “Risk Factors” section of the Company’s most recent Annual Information Form, which is available 
under the Company’s profile on SEDAR at www.sedar.com.  All of the forward-looking information contained in this 
document is qualified by these cautionary statements.  Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-
looking information due to the inherent uncertainty thereof. 

Statements relating to "Mineral Resources" are deemed to be forward looking information, as they involve the implied 
assessment,  based  on  certain  estimates  and  assumptions,  that  the  Mineral  Resources  described  can  be  profitably 
produced in the future. 

24 

 
 
 
 
 
Independent auditor’s report 

To the Shareholders of Filo Mining Corp. 

Our opinion 

In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, 
the financial position of Filo Mining Corp. and its subsidiaries (together, the Company) as at December 31, 
2020 and 2019, and its financial performance and its cash flows for the years then ended in accordance 
with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards 
Board (IFRS). 

What we have audited 
The Company’s consolidated financial statements comprise: 

 

 

 

 

 

the consolidated statements of financial position as at December 31, 2020 and 2019; 

the consolidated statements comprehensive loss for the years then ended; 

the consolidated statements of cash flows for the years then ended; 

the consolidated statements of changes in equity for the years then ended; and 

the notes to the consolidated financial statements, which include significant accounting policies and 
other explanatory information. 

Basis for opinion 

We conducted our audit in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards. Our 
responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of 
the consolidated financial statements section of our report. 

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for 
our opinion. 

Independence 
We are independent of the Company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our 
audit of the consolidated financial statements in Canada. We have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities 
in accordance with these requirements. 

Other information 

Management is responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the Management’s 
Discussion and Analysis. 

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP  
PricewaterhouseCoopers Place, 250 Howe Street, Suite 1400, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6C 3S7 
T: +1 604 806 7000, F: +1 604 806 7806 

“PwC” refers to PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an Ontario limited liability partnership. 

Our opinion on the consolidated financial statements does not cover the other information and we do not 
express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. 

In connection with our audit of the consolidated financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other 
information identified above and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially 
inconsistent with the consolidated financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit, or 
otherwise appears to be materially misstated. 

If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other 
information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard. 

Responsibilities of management and those charged with governance for the 
consolidated financial statements 

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the consolidated financial 
statements in accordance with IFRS, and for such internal control as management determines is 
necessary to enable the preparation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material 
misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. 

In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is responsible for assessing the 
Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going 
concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless management either intends to liquidate 
the Company or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so. 

Those charged with governance are responsible for overseeing the Company’s financial reporting 
process.  

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the consolidated financial statements 

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements as 
a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s 
report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a 
guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards 
will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and 
are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence 
the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these consolidated financial statements. 

As part of an audit in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards, we exercise 
professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also: 

 

Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, 
whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and 
obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of 

not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, 
as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of 
internal control. 

  Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures 

that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the 
effectiveness of the Company’s internal control. 

  Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting 

estimates and related disclosures made by management. 

  Conclude on the appropriateness of management’s use of the going concern basis of accounting and, 
based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or 
conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. If 
we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor’s report 
to the related disclosures in the consolidated financial statements or, if such disclosures are 
inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to 
the date of our auditor’s report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Company to 
cease to continue as a going concern.  

  Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the consolidated financial statements, 

including the disclosures, and whether the consolidated financial statements represent the underlying 
transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation. 

  Obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the entities or 
business activities within the Company to express an opinion on the consolidated financial 
statements. We are responsible for the direction, supervision and performance of the group audit. We 
remain solely responsible for our audit opinion. 

We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope 
and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal 
control that we identify during our audit.  

We also provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with relevant 
ethical requirements regarding independence, and to communicate with them all relationships and other 
matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, related 
safeguards. 

The engagement partner on the audit resulting in this independent auditor’s report is Lana Kirk. 

/s/PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP 

Chartered Professional Accountants 

Vancouver, British Columbia 
March 18, 2021 

Filo Mining Corp. 
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position 
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars) 

ASSETS 
Current assets: 

Cash  
Receivables and other assets  

Non-current assets: 

Right-of-use asset 
Taxes receivable 
Mineral properties  

Note 

December 31, 
 2020 

December 31, 
2019 

5 

5 
6 

  $      36,326,118 
810,243 
37,136,361 

  $     13,753,440 
2,595,966 
16,349,406 

12,275 
1,656,495 
8,857,401 
10,526,171 

88,832 
- 
7,312,220 
7,401,052 

TOTAL ASSETS 

47,662,532 

23,750,458 

LIABILITIES 
Current liabilities: 
     Trade payables and accrued liabilities 
     Lease liabilities 

Non-current liabilities: 
     Lease liabilities 

4,097,835 
13,013 
4,110,848 

- 
- 

3,553,545 
60,658 
3,614,203 

12,145 
12,145 

TOTAL LIABILITIES 

4,110,848 

3,626,348 

SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY 

Share capital  
Contributed surplus 
Deficit 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss 

TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY 

8 

TOTAL LIABILITIES AND 
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY 

Commitments (Note 6) 

166,119,611 
9,763,491 
(130,693,363) 
(1,638,055) 
43,551,684 

125,577,816 
7,729,168 
(111,814,641) 
(1,368,233) 
20,124,110 

$   47,662,532 

$   23,750,458 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

On behalf of the Board: 

/s/Alessandro Bitelli   
Director 

/s/James Beck 
Director

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Filo Mining Corp. 
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss 
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars) 

Expenses 
   Exploration and project investigation 

   General and administration: 

  Salaries and benefits  
  Share-based compensation  
  Management fees  
  Professional fees 
  Travel 
  Promotion and public relations 
  Office and general 

Operating loss 

Other expenses 
Financing costs 
Net monetary gain 
Gain on use of marketable securities 
Foreign exchange gain 
Argentina wealth tax  

Net loss 

Note 

Year ended 
            December 31, 
2019 

2020 

10 

$ 19,055,232 

$ 23,007,517 

9c 

7 
4 
14 

1,519,194 
1,605,500 
169,180 
185,770 
13,221 
377,608 
188,794 
23,114,499 

31,005 
(132,383) 
(4,602,750) 
(99,200) 
567,551 
18,878,722 

1,786,349 
1,906,469 
198,700 
177,260 
139,500 
261,611 
214,481 
27,691,887 

1,338,936 
(158,181) 
- 
(302,041) 
- 
28,570,601 

Other comprehensive loss (gain) 
   Items that may be reclassified subsequently to net loss: 
      Foreign currency translation adjustment 
      Impact of hyperinflation 
Comprehensive loss 

4 

(162,891) 
432,713 
$ 19,148,544 

514,478 
709,479 
$ 29,794,558 

Basic and diluted loss per common share 

$     0.19 

$     0.37 

Weighted average common shares outstanding 

97,769,050 

78,215,358 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Filo Mining Corp. 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars) 

Cash flows used in operating activities 
Net loss for the year 
Items not involving cash: 

Share-based compensation  
Financing costs 
Net monetary loss 
Unrealized foreign exchange gain 
Net changes in working capital items: 

Receivables and other  
Trade payables and accrued liabilities 

Cash flows from (used in) financing activities 

Proceeds from equity financings, net 
Drawdown of credit facilities 
Repayment of credit facilities 
Proceeds from exercise of share options 
Repayment of lease liabilities 

Cash flows used in investing activities 

Mineral properties and related expenditures 

Note 

9c 

8 

7 

6 

Year ended 
            December 31, 
2019 
2020 

$  (18,878,722)  $  (28,570,601) 

2,034,323 
31,005 
136,292 
(162,835) 

2,469,795 
1,338,936 
452,304 
- 

(719,388) 
469,778 
(17,089,547) 

(1,172,236) 
1,563,745 
(23,918,057) 

40,514,416 
1,350,960 
(1,349,900) 
- 
(60,665) 
40,454,811 

38,797,273 
16,603,165 
(18,454,800) 
790,558 
(102,130) 
37,634,066 

(207,501) 
(207,501) 

(654,579) 
(654,579) 

Effect of exchange rate change on cash 

(585,085) 

(1,713,099) 

Increase in cash during the year 

22,572,678 

11,348,331 

Cash, beginning of year 

Cash, end of year 

$ 

13,753,440  $ 

2,405,109 

$ 

36,326,118  $  13,753,440 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
       
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Filo Mining Corp. 
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity 
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars) 

Note 

Number of 
Shares 

Share Capital 

Contributed 
Surplus 

Deficit 

Accumulated 
Other 
Comprehensive 
Loss 

Total 
Shareholders’ 
Equity 

Balance, January 1, 2019 
Share-based compensation 
Shares issued pursuant to the equity    
   financings 
Share issuance costs 
Shares issued pursuant to credit facilities 
Exercise of options 
Net loss and other comprehensive loss 
Balance, December 31, 2019 

Balance, January 1, 2020 
Share-based compensation 
Shares issued pursuant to the equity    
8 
   financings 
Share issuance costs 
8 
Shares issued pursuant to credit facilities  7 
Net loss and other comprehensive loss 
Balance, December 31, 2020 

9c 

72,575,195 
- 

$   84,350,227  $      5,554,793 
2,469,795 

- 

$  (83,244,040) 
- 

$     (144,276) 
- 

$    6,516,704 
2,469,795 

14,547,727 
- 
497,196 
598,333 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
(1,223,957) 
  88,218,451  $ 125,577,816  $     7,729,168  $(111,814,641)  $     (1,368,233) 

- 
- 
- 
- 
(28,570,601) 

40,006,249 
(1,208,976) 
1,344,338 
1,085,978 
- 

- 
- 
- 
(295,420) 
- 

40,006,249 
(1,208,976) 
1,344,338 
790,558 
(29,794,558) 
$ 20,124,110 

88,218,451 

$ 125,577,816 

$     7,729,168 

$(111,814,641) 

$     (1,368,233) 

$ 20,124,110 

- 

- 

2,034,323 

- 

- 

2,034,323 

22,538,235 
- 
14,084 
- 

- 
- 
- 
(269,822) 
110,770,770  $ 166,119,611  $     9,763,491  $(130,693,363)  $     (1,638,055) 

- 
- 
- 
(18,878,722) 

41,695,735 
(1,181,319) 
27,379 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

41,695,735 
(1,181,319) 
27,379 
(19,148,544) 
$ 43,551,684 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Filo Mining Corp. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

1.  NATURE OF OPERATIONS  

Filo Mining Corp. (the “Company” or “Filo Mining”) was incorporated on May 12, 2016 under the Canada 
Business  Corporations  Act  in  connection  with  the  plan  of  arrangement  to  reorganize  Josemaria 
Resources Inc. (“Josemaria”, formerly NGEx Resources Inc.), which was completed on August 16, 2016. 

The Company’s principal business activities are the exploration and development of the Filo del Sol and 
Tamberias  Properties,  which  are  comprised  of  adjacent  mineral  titles  in  the  San  Juan  Province  in 
Argentina and in Chile. Its registered office is located at Suite 2000, 885 West Georgia Street, Vancouver, 
British Columbia, V6C 3E8, Canada.  The Company’s common shares trade on the TSX Venture Exchange 
and  the  NASDAQ  First  North  Growth  Market  under  the  symbol  "FIL",  and  on  the  OTCQX  under  the 
symbol “FLMMF”. 

2.  BASIS OF PRESENTATION 

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial 
Reporting Standards (“IFRS”), as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”), on 
a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and settlement of liabilities in the 
normal course of business. These  consolidated financial statements are prepared on a historical cost 
basis except for certain financial assets, which are measured at fair value. 

These consolidated financial statements were authorized for issuance by the Board of Directors of the 
Company on March 18, 2021.  

3.  SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

a) Consolidation 

The consolidated financial statements of the Company include the following subsidiaries: 

Subsidiaries 
NGEx Filo del Sol Holdings Inc. 
NGEx Chile Holdings Inc. 
Filo del Sol Uruguay S.A.  
Frontera Holdings (Bermuda) IV Ltd. 
Frontera Holdings (Bermuda) V Ltd. 
Filo del Sol Exploracion S.A. 
Frontera Chile Limitada 

Jurisdiction 
Canada 
Canada 
Uruguay 
Bermuda 
Bermuda 
Argentina 
Chile 

Nature of operations 
Holding company 
Holding company 
Holding company 
Holding company 
Holding company 
Exploration company 
Exploration company 

The Company consolidates an entity when it has power over that entity, is exposed, or has rights, to 
variable returns from its involvement with that entity and has the ability to affect those returns through 
its power over that entity. 

All the Company’s subsidiaries are wholly owned and all intercompany balances, transactions, including 
income  and  expenses  arising  from  inter-company  transactions  are  eliminated  in  preparing  the 
consolidated financial statements.   

5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Filo Mining Corp. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

b) Critical accounting estimates, assumptions and judgements 

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS requires management 
to make estimates, assumptions and judgements that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities 
and expenditures on the financial statements. These estimates, assumptions and judgements are based 
on management’s best knowledge of the relevant facts and circumstances taking into account previous 
experience. Actual results  could differ and such differences could be material. Estimates, assumptions 
and judgements are reviewed on an ongoing basis and are based on historical experience and other facts 
and circumstances. Revisions to estimates, assumptions and judgements, and the resulting effects on 
the carrying amounts of the Company’s assets and liabilities, are accounted for prospectively. Information 
about estimates, assumptions, judgments and other sources of estimation uncertainty as at December 
31, 2020 that have a risk of resulting in a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and 
liabilities within the next year are provided below: 

Valuation of mineral properties – The Company carries the acquisition costs of its mineral properties 
at  cost  less  any  provision  for  impairment.  The  Company  undertakes  periodic  reviews  of  its  mineral 
properties  for  indicators  of  impairment,  which  requires  the  Company  to  exercise  key  judgements, 
including but not limited to, the Company’s right to explore the mineral property, whether the Company 
has further plans or budgets for substantive expenditures for the ongoing exploration and evaluation of 
the mineral property, the impact of exploration and evaluation results to date with respect to the mineral 
property, and the likelihood that the carrying value of the mineral property will be recovered in the future 
through development or sale of the asset. If indicators of impairment are identified, the Company would 
further  review  the  carrying  values  of  the  applicable  mineral  properties  to  determine  if  their  carrying 
values may exceed their fair value, which also requires the Company to make significant judgments and 
estimates. The judgments and estimates mentioned above are subject to various risks and uncertainties, 
which may ultimately have an effect on the expected recoverability of the carrying values of the mineral 
properties. 

The  Company  has  determined  that  no  indicators  of  impairment  exist  for  its  mineral  properties  as  of 
December 31, 2020. 

c)  Foreign currency translation 

These  consolidated  financial  statements  are  presented  in  Canadian  dollars,  which  is  the  Company’s 
functional  and  presentation  currency.  The  functional  currency  of  its  material  subsidiaries,  which  have 
operations in Chile and Argentina, is the Chilean peso and the Argentine peso, respectively. 

For the Company’s Argentine subsidiary, which is affected by hyperinflationary accounting as described 
in Notes 3n and 4 below, and uses the Argentine peso as its functional currency, the results and financial 
position of this subsidiary are translated into the presentation currency using the exchange rate prevailing 
at the date of the statement of financial position.  

The results and financial position of all other subsidiaries that have a functional currency different from 
the presentation currency are translated into the presentation currency as follows: 

  Assets  and  liabilities  for  each  statement  of  financial  position  presented  are  translated  using  the 

exchange rate prevailing at the date of that statement of financial position. 

6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Filo Mining Corp. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

 

Income, expenses, and other comprehensive income for each statement of comprehensive income 
are translated at average exchange rates (unless this average is not a reasonable approximation 
of the cumulative effect of the rates prevailing on the transaction dates, in which case income and 
expenses are translated at the rate on the dates of the transactions). 

  All resulting exchange differences are recognized as a separate component of equity and in other 

comprehensive income. 

d) Mineral properties and exploration expenditure 

The Company capitalizes acquisition costs for property rights, including payments for exploration rights 
and estimated fair value of exploration properties acquired as part of an acquisition. 

Mineral  exploration  costs  and  maintenance  payments  are  expensed  prior  to  the  determination  that  a 
property has economically recoverable ore reserves. When it has been established that a mineral property 
is considered to be sufficiently advanced to the development stage, with economic viability and technical 
feasibility  demonstrated,  all  further  expenditures  for  the  current  year  and  subsequent  years  are 
capitalized  as  incurred  and  subsequently  amortized  on  a  units  of  production  based  on  proven  and 
probable reserves of the assets to which they relate. 

e) Impairment of non-financial assets 

Non-financial assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate 
that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by 
which the asset’s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher 
of an asset’s fair value less costs to sell and value in use. For the purposes of assessing impairment, 
assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash inflows (cash-
generating  units,  or  “CGU’s”).  Value  in  use  is  determined  as  the  present  value  of  future  cash  inflows 
expected to be derived from a CGU using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects the current time value of 
money and the risks specific to that CGU. 

Non-financial assets  that  suffered impairment are reviewed for possible  reversal of the impairment at 
each reporting date. 

f)  Financial instruments 

(i)  Recognition 

The Company measures and classifies its financial assets based on its business model for managing its 
financial assets and the contractual cash flow characteristics of those financial assets. Financial assets 
are  classified  into  three  measurement  categories  on  initial  recognition:  those  measured  at  fair  value 
through profit or loss, those measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (“OCI”) and 
those measured at amortized cost. 

Financial  assets  and  liabilities  at  amortized  costs  are  initially  recognized  at  fair  value  plus  or  minus 
transaction costs, respectively, and subsequently carried at amortized cost loss any impairment.  

7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Filo Mining Corp. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

Investments in marketable securities, such as equity instruments of publicly listed entities, are required 
to be measured at fair value through profit or loss, unless the Company makes an irrevocable election 
to present subsequent changes in the fair value of such instruments through OCI. The Company has 
not elected to measure any of its marketable securities through OCI.  

(ii) Derecognition 

The Company derecognizes financial assets when the contractual rights to cash flows from the financial 
assets  expire,  or  when  it  transfers  the  financial  assets  and  substantially  all  the  associated  risk  and 
rewards of ownership to another entity.  A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation under 
the liability is discharged, canceled or expired. Gains and losses on derecognition of financial assets and 
liabilities are generally recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive losses.   

(iii)  Impairment 

The  Company  recognizes  a  loss  allowance  for  expected  credit  losses  on  financial  assets  that  are 
measured at amortized costs based on a probability-weighted estimate of credit losses over the expected 
life of the financial asset.   

At each reporting date, the Company measures the loss allowance for the financial asset at an amount 
equal  to  the  lifetime  expected  credit  losses  if  the  credit  risk  on  the  financial  asset  has  increased 
significantly since initial recognition.  If at the reporting date, the credit risk on the financial asset has 
not increased significantly since initial recognition, the Company measures the loss allowance for the 
financial  asset  at  an  amount  equal  to  twelve  month  expected  credit  losses.    Impairment  losses  on 
financial  assets  carried  at  amortized  cost  are  reversed  in  subsequent  periods  if  the  expected  credit 
losses are reversed after the impairment was recognized. 

g) Cash  

Cash includes cash on  hand, and deposits  held with  financial institutions with a  fixed deposit term of 
three months or less, net of bank overdrafts. 

h) Current and deferred income tax 

The Company follows the liability method of accounting for income taxes.  Under the liability method, 
deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to 
differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their 
respective tax bases, unused tax losses and other income tax deductions. Deferred income tax assets 
are recognized for deductible temporary differences, unused tax losses and other income tax deductions 
to the extent that it is probable the Company will have taxable income against which those deductible 
temporary differences, unused tax losses and other income tax deductions can be utilized.   

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted or substantively enacted tax rates 
expected to apply when the related assets are realized or the liabilities are settled. The measurement of 
deferred  income  tax  assets  and  liabilities  reflects  the  tax  consequences  that  would  follow  from  the 
manner in which the Company expects, at the reporting date, to recover and settle the carrying amounts 
of  its  assets  and  liabilities,  respectively.  The  effect  on  deferred  income  tax  assets  and  liabilities  of  a 
change in tax rates is recognized in the period in which the change is substantively enacted. 

8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Filo Mining Corp. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

i)  Share capital 

Common shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issuance of new 
ordinary shares or options are shown in equity as a deduction, net of tax, from the proceeds. 

j)  Share-based compensation 

The Company has a share-based compensation plan, whereby it is authorized to grant share options to 
officers, employees, directors, and other eligible persons.  The fair value of the options is measured at 
the date the options are granted, using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with assumptions for risk-
free interest rates, dividend yields, volatility of the expected market price of the common shares and an 
expected life of the options.  The fair value less estimated forfeitures is charged over the vesting period 
of the related options as an expense on its financial statements. 

k) Provisions 

Provisions for restructuring costs and legal  claims are recognized when: the Company has  a present 
legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events; it is probable that an outflow of resources will 
be required to settle the obligation; and the amount can be reliably estimated. 

Provisions are measured at the present value of the expenditures expected to be required to settle the 
obligations using the pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money 
and  the  risks  specific  to  the  obligation.  The  increase  in  the  provision  due  to  the  passage  of  time  is 
recognized as interest expense. 

l)  Leases 

The Company recognizes a right-of-use asset, and corresponding lease liability, for almost all leases, 
unless the lease term is 12 months or less or the underlying asset has a low value, in which case, lease 
payments  are  recognized  as  an  expense  on  a  straight-line  basis  over  the  lease  term  or  another 
systematic basis, if deemed more representative. 

m)  Segment reporting 

As the Company primarily focuses its activity on the exploration and development of mineral properties, 
its operating and reportable segments are the Filo del Sol Project, comprised of the Filo del Sol Property 
and  the  Tamberias  Property,  other  general  exploration  and  project  generation  initiatives,  and  the 
Company’s  corporate  administration  function.  Operating  segments  are  components  of  an  entity  that 
engage in business activities from which they incur expenses and whose operating results are regularly 
reviewed  by  a  chief  operating  decision  maker  to  make  resource  allocation  decisions  and  to  assess 
performance. The Chief Executive Officer, the chief operating decision-maker for the Company, obtains 
and reviews operating results of each operating segment on a monthly basis. 

9 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Filo Mining Corp. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

n)  Hyperinflation 

On  July  1,  2018,  the  Company  adopted  IAS  29,  Financial  Reporting  in  Hyperinflationary  Economies, 
which  outlines  the  use  of  the  hyperinflationary  accounting  to  consolidate  and  report  its  Argentine 
operating subsidiary.  

The application of hyperinflationary accounting requires restatement of the Argentine subsidiary’s non-
monetary assets and liabilities, shareholders’ equity and comprehensive loss items from the transaction 
date when they were  first recognized into the current purchasing power which reflects a price index 
current at the end of the reporting period before being included in the consolidated financial statements. 
To measure the impact of inflation on its financial position and results, the Company has elected to use 
the  Wholesale  Price  Index  (Indice  de  Precios  Mayoristas  or  “IPIM”)  for  periods  up  to  December  31, 
2016,  and  the  Retail  Price  Index  (Indice  de  Precios  al  Consumidor  or  “IPC”)  thereafter.  These  price 
indices have been recommended by the Government Board of the Argentine Federation of Professional 
Councils of Economic Sciences (“FACPCE”). 

As the consolidated financial statements of the Company have been previously presented in Canadian 
dollars, a stable currency, the comparative period amounts do not require restatement. 

o) New accounting pronouncements 

The IASB and/or the IFRS Interpretations Committee have issued new standards and amendments, or 
interpretations to existing standards, which were not yet effective and not applied by the Company as 
at December 31, 2020. The Company continues to evaluate these changes to determine their impact, if 
any.  

IAS 16, Property, plant and equipment  

IAS 16 has been amended to provide clarity with respect to the treatment of net proceeds generated 
from selling any items produced while bringing an item of property, plant and equipment to the location 
and  condition  necessary  for  it  to  be  capable  of  operating  in  the  manner  intended  by  the  entity. 
Specifically, the amendments prohibit entities from deducting amounts resulting from the selling of items 
produced  during this phase  from the  cost  of property, plant and equipment. Instead, an entity  shall 
recognize such sales proceeds and related costs in profit or loss. 

The amendments to IAS 16 are effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 
2022, with early adoption permitted. Upon adoption, the amendments shall be applied retrospectively, 
but only to property, plant and equipment assets commissioned for their intended use by management 
on or after the beginning of the earliest period presented in the financial statements. 

10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Filo Mining Corp. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

4.  HYPERINFLATION 

Argentina was designated a hyperinflationary economy as of July 1, 2018 for accounting purposes. 

The Company recognized a loss of $432,713 for the year ended December 31, 2020 (2019: $709,479) 
in relation to the impact of hyperinflation within other comprehensive income, which is primarily the 
result of devaluation of the Argentine peso relative to the Canadian dollar during the respective periods.  

As a result of changes in the IPC and changes to the Company’s net monetary position during the year 
ended December 31, 2020, the Company recognized a net monetary gain $132,383 (2019: $158,181) 
to adjust transactions recorded during the year into a measuring unit current as of December 31, 2020.  

The level of the IPC at December 31, 2020 was 385.9 (December 31, 2019: 283.4), which represents 
an  increase  of  approximately  36%  over  the  IPC  at  December  31,  2019,  and  an  approximate  17% 
increase over the average level of the IPC during the year ended December 31, 2020. 

5.  RECEIVABLES AND OTHER ASSETS 

Current 

Taxes receivable 

Other receivables 

Prepaid expenses and deposits 

Non-current 
Taxes receivable 

December 31, 
2020 

December 31, 
2019 

165,043 
347,870 
297,330 
810,243 

1,656,495 
1,656,495 

1,060,702 
968,536 
566,728 
2,595,966 

- 
- 

Pursuant to regulations, the Company is entitled to a refund of certain value added taxes (“VAT”) paid 
in Argentina. While the Company continues to expect full payment of the amounts claimed, the timing 
of  receipt  of  the  refunds  has  become  increasingly  uncertain.  Accordingly,  the  corresponding  taxes 
receivable balance has been reclassified as non-current.  

11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Filo Mining Corp. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

6.  MINERAL PROPERTIES 

Filo del Sol 

Tamberias 

Total 

January 1, 2019 

$ 3,450,982 

$ 3,667,251 

$ 7,118,233 

Additions 
Adjustment for the impacts of hyperinflation  
Effect of foreign currency translation 
December 31, 2019 

- 
(40,255) 
- 
$ 3,410,727 

654,579 
- 
(420,337) 
$ 3,901,493 

654,579 
(40,255) 
(420,337) 
$ 7,312,220 

Additions 
Adjustment for the impacts of hyperinflation  
Effect of foreign currency translation 
December 31, 2020 

- 
(25,196) 
- 
$ 3,385,531 

1,465,136 
- 
105,241 
$ 5,471,870 

1,465,136 
(25,196) 
105,241 
$ 8,857,401 

The Company’s primary mineral property assets are the Filo del Sol and Tamberias Properties (together, 
the “Filo del Sol Project”), which are comprised of adjacent mineral titles in the San Juan Province in 
Argentina and in Chile, and are 100% controlled by Filo Mining either through direct ownership or option 
agreements. 

Filo del Sol Property (San Juan Province, Argentina) 

Sole ownership of the Filo del Sol Property was acquired by Filo del Sol Exploracion S.A., a wholly owned 
subsidiary  of  the  Company,  in  October  2014,  through  the  acquisition  of  its  then  joint  exploration 
partner’s 40% interest in the property.  

Tamberias Property (Region III, Chile) 

Through  its  wholly  owned  subsidiary,  Frontera  Chile  Limitada,  the  Company  is  party  to  an  option 
agreement with Compania Minera Tamberias SCM (“Tamberias SCM”) whereby the Company can earn 
a 100% interest in the Tamberias Property by making certain scheduled option payments. In addition, 
Tamberias SCM will retain a 1.5% net smelter royalty, which will be paid only after the Company has 
recovered all its exploration and development costs.   

Pursuant to a series of amendments to the terms of the remaining option payments payable under the 
option agreement with Tamberias SCM, the last of which was executed on May 13, 2020 (the “Option 
Amendments”), the remaining option payments were rescheduled and extended through to June 30, 
2026. 

As at December 31, 2020, following a  payment  of  US$150,000 in June 2020 pursuant to the  Option 
Amendments, the Company’s total remaining payments were as follows: 

12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Filo Mining Corp. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

Payment by: 

January 18, 20211,2 
June 30, 20211 
June 30, 2022 
June 30, 2023 
June 30, 2024 
June 30, 2025 
June 30, 2026 

Amount 
(US$) 
150,000 
750,000 
500,000 
750,000 
950,000 
1,050,000 
12,000,000 
16,150,000 
1  Pursuant  to  the  Option  Amendments,  the  Company  has  irrevocably 
committed  to  make  the  two  indicated  payments.  Accordingly,  as  at 
December 31, 2020, a corresponding amount has been recognized as an 
addition  to  mineral  properties,  with  a  corresponding  amount  recorded 
within  trade  payables  and  accrued  liabilities,  until  such  amounts  are 
settled. Payment of all subsequent amounts remain at the Company’s sole 
option and discretion. 
2 Payment was made as scheduled in January 2021. 

7.  CREDIT FACILITIES  

On January 12, 2019, the Company obtained an unsecured US$5.0 million credit facility (the “January 
2019 Facility”) from Zebra Holdings and Investments S.à.r.l ("Zebra"), a related party of the Company 
by  virtue  of  its  shareholding  in  the  Company  in  excess  of  20%,  to  provide  additional  financial 
flexibility to fund ongoing exploration at the Filo del Sol Project and for general corporate purposes. 
Zebra reports its security holdings in the Company as a joint actor, as the term is defined by Canadian 
securities  regulations,  with  Lorito  Holdings  S.à.r.l.  (“Lorito”),  and  at  the  time  of  entering  into  the 
January 2019 Facility they collectively held more than 20% of the Company’s issued and outstanding 
common shares. The January 2019 Facility matured on July 12, 2020, and no interest was payable 
in cash during its term. As consideration for the January 2019 Facility, Zebra received 300 common 
shares  each  month,  for  every  US$50,000  in  principal  outstanding,  prorated  accordingly  for  the 
number of days outstanding.  

In June 2020, the Company entered into an agreement with Zebra, to obtain an additional unsecured 
US$5.0 million credit facility, which became accessible by the Company on July 12, 2020 (the “July 
2020  Facility”)  and  replaced  the  January  2019  Facility.  The  outstanding  balance  owed  under  the 
January 2019 Facility was transferred into the July 12, 2020 Facility. As consideration for the July 
2020 Facility, Zebra will receive 480 common shares each month, for every US$50,000 in principal 
outstanding, prorated accordingly for the number of days outstanding. The July 2020 Facility matures 
on July 12, 2021, and no interest is payable in cash during its term. 

During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company drew a total of US$1,000,000 against the 
facilities,  and  the  amounts  were  fully  repaid  in  August  2020  following  the  completion  of  equity 
financings (Note 8). The repayment had a Canadian dollar equivalent of approximately $1.3 million.  

As a result of the amounts previously drawn, the Company issued 14,084 common shares during the 
year  ended  December  31,  2020,  resulting  in  $27,379  in  financing  costs  recognized  through  the 
consolidated statement of loss (2019: $1,322,599). 

13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Filo Mining Corp. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

All common shares issued in conjunction with the facilities are subject to a four-month hold period 
under applicable securities laws. 

8.  SHARE CAPITAL 

The Company has authorized an unlimited number of voting common shares without par value.   

On July 30, 2020, the Company closed a bought deal offering of common shares and a concurrent 
non-brokered  private  placement  of  common  shares  (the  “Financings”).  In  aggregate,  22,538,235 
common  shares  of  the  Company  were  sold  at  a  price  of  $1.85  per  common  share,  generating 
aggregate gross  proceeds of  $41.7  million.  Share issuance costs related to the Financings  totaled 
$1.2 million, and included commissions, professional fees and regulatory fees. 

Zebra and Lorito acquired an aggregate of 7,030,008 common shares of the Company through the 
Financings,  for  gross  proceeds  of  $13.0  million,  each  subscribing  to  3,515,004  common  shares 
pursuant to the concurrent non-brokered private placement of common shares. On July 30, 2020, 
following the close of the Financings, Zebra and Lorito held 25.05% and 9.96%, respectively, of the 
then issued and outstanding common shares of the Company. 

9.  SHARE OPTIONS 

a)  Share option plan 

The  Company  has  a  share  option  plan  adopted  by  the  Board  of  Directors  on  July  8,  2016  and 
amended May 12, 2017, which reserves an aggregate of 10% of the issued and outstanding shares 
of the Company for issuance upon the exercise of options granted. The granting, vesting and terms 
of the share options are at the discretion of the Board of Directors. 

b)  Share option outstanding 

Movements in the number of share options outstanding and their related weighted average exercise 
prices are as follows: 

Balance at January 1, 2019 
Options granted 
Exercised 
Expired or forfeited 
Balance at December 31, 2019 
Options granted 
Expired or forfeited 
Balance at December 31, 2020 

Number of 
shares issuable 
pursuant to 
share options 
6,647,500 
2,395,000 
(598,333) 
(176,666) 
8,267,501 
1,450,000 
(261,667) 
9,455,834 

Weighted 
average 
exercise price 
per share  
$      2.13 
2.75 
      1.32 
2.19 
$      2.37 
1.91 
2.53 
$      2.29 

On August 17, 2020, the Company granted a total of 1,450,000 share options to officers, employees, 
directors and other eligible persons at an exercise price of $1.91 per share. 

14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Filo Mining Corp. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value for all options 
granted  and  the  resulting  stock-based  compensation.  The  weighted  average  assumptions  used  in 
this pricing model, and the resulting fair values per option, for the 1,450,000 share options granted 
during the year ended December 31, 2020, were as follows: 

(i) 
(ii) 
(iii) 
(iv) 
(v) 

Risk-free interest rate:   
Expected life: 
Expected volatility: 
Expected dividends: 
Fair value per option: 

0.27%   
5 years 
58.06% 
nil 
$0.93 

The following table details the share options outstanding and exercisable as at December 31, 2020: 

Outstanding options 

Weighted 
average 
remaining 
contractual 
life  
(Years) 
4.63 
0.93 
2.62 
1.70 
3.78 
2.71 

Weighted 
average 
exercise 
   price 
$1.91 
$2.00 
$2.20 
$2.50 
$2.75 
$2.29 

Exercise 
prices  
$1.91 
$2.00 
$2.20 
$2.50 
$2.75 

Options 
outstanding 
1,450,000 
1,950,000 
2,286,667 
1,522,500 
2,246,667 
9,455,834 

c)  Share-based compensation 

Exploration and project investigation 
General and administration 

Exercisable options 
Weighted 
average 
remaining 
contractual 
life  
(Years) 
4.63 
0.93 
2.62 
1.70 
3.78 
2.37 

Weighted 
average 
exercise 
   price 
$1.91 
$2.00 
$2.20 
$2.50 
$2.75 
$2.30 

Options 
exercisable 
483,334 
1,950,000 
2,286,667 
1,522,500 
1,510,001 
7,752,502 

Year ended 
December 31, 
2019 
563,326 
1,906,469 

2020 
428,823 
1,605,500 

  2,034,323 

2,469,795 

10. EXPLORATION AND PROJECT INVESTIGATION 

Due to the geographic location of the Filo del Sol Project, the Company’s business activities fluctuate 
with  the  seasons,  through  increased  drilling  and  other  exploration  activities  during  the  summer 
months  in  South  America.  As  a  result,  a  general  recurring  trend  is  the  increase  in  exploration 
expenditures,  and  therefore  net  losses,  for  the  fourth  quarter  and  first  quarter  of  a  fiscal  year, 
relative to the second and third quarters.

15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Filo Mining Corp. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

The  Company  expensed  the  following  exploration  and  project  investigation  costs,  all  incurred  in  South  America,  for  the  years  ended 
December 31, 2020 and 2019: 

Year ended 
December 31, 

2020 

Land holding and access costs 
Drilling, fuel, camp costs and field supplies 
Roadwork, travel and transport 
Consultants, geochemistry and geophysics 
Environmental and community relations 
VAT and other taxes 
Office, field and administrative salaries, 
overhead and other administrative costs 
COVID-19-related health and safety 
Share-based compensation  

Filo del Sol 
Project 

515,701 
9,310,843 
2,478,956 
964,632 
489,547 
1,869,125 

2,447,112 
550,493 
428,823 

Total  

19,055,232 

857,254 
8,991,119 
3,215,580 
309,794 
1,066,062 
2,742,382 
2,604,952 

2019 

Land holding and access costs 
Drilling, fuel, camp costs and field supplies 
Roadwork, travel and transport 
Engineering and conceptual studies 
Consultants, geochemistry and geophysics 
Environmental and community relations 
VAT and other taxes 

Office, field and administrative salaries, 
overhead and other administrative costs 
Share-based compensation  
Total  

16 

Other 

Total 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 

- 

58,534 
- 
159 
- 
- 
- 
70,053 

515,701 
9,310,843 
2,478,956 
964,632 
489,547 
1,869,125 

2,447,112 
550,493 
428,823 

19,055,232 

915,788 
8,991,119 
3,215,739 
309,794 
1,066,062 
2,742,382 
2,675,005 

2,517,945 
561,568 
22,866,656 

10,357 
1,758 
140,861 

2,528,302 
563,326 
23,007,517 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Filo Mining Corp. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

11. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS 

Under the normal course of operations, the Company may undertake transactions or hold balances 
with  related  parties.  Other  than  those  related  party  transactions  identified  elsewhere  in  these 
consolidated  financial  statements,  the  Company  also  engages  with  Josemaria  and  NGEx  Minerals 
Ltd. (“NGEx  Minerals”),  related parties by way  of directors,  officers and shareholders in  common. 
Bofill Mir & Alvarez Jana Abogados Ltda. (“BMJAL”), a Chilean legal firm, is also considered a related 
party of the Company until June 18, 2020, as a named partner of BMJAL was also concurrently a 
director of the Company until such date. 

a)  Related party services 

The Company has a cost sharing arrangement with Josemaria and NGEx Minerals.  Under the terms of 
this  arrangement,  the  Company  provides  management,  technical,  administrative  and/or  financial 
services  (collectively,  “Management  Services”)  to  Josemaria  and  NGEx  Minerals,  and  vice  versa.  In 
addition, the Company engages BMJAL, as its legal counsel in Chile. These transactions were incurred 
in the normal course of operations, and are summarized as follows: 

Management Services to Josemaria 
Management Services to NGEx Minerals 
Management Services from Josemaria 
Management Services from NGEx Minerals 
Legal services from BMJAL 

b)  Related party balances 

Year ended 
December 31, 
2019 

2020 

943,427 
433,148 
(314,419) 
(500,101) 
(43,866) 

1,217,414 
238,003 
(336,044) 
(363,373) 
(93,659) 

The  amounts  due  from  (to)  related  parties,  and  the  components  of  the  consolidated  statements  of 
financial position in which they are included, are as follows: 

Receivables and other assets 

Receivables and other assets 

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 

Related Party 

Josemaria 

NGEx Minerals 

Josemaria 
NGEx Minerals 
BMJAL 

December 31, 
 2020 

December 31, 
 2019 

- 

11,752 

- 
(5,850) 
- 

196,489 

64,222 

(220,366) 
(57,490) 
(22,617) 

17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Filo Mining Corp. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

c)  Key management compensation 

The  Company’s  key  management  personnel  have  the  authority  and  responsibility  for  overseeing, 
planning, directing and controlling its activities and consist of the Board of Directors and members of 
the executive management team.  Total compensation expense  for key management personnel, and 
the composition thereof, is as follows: 

Salaries 
Short-term employee benefits 
Directors fees 
Stock-based compensation 
Incentive bonuses 

12. INCOME TAXES 

Year ended 
December 31, 
2019 
987,604 
47,542 
97,000 
1,784,488 
490,000 
3,406,634 

2020 
762,667 
22,447 
108,495 
1,368,514 
540,000 
  2,802,123 

Income tax expense differs from the amount that would result from applying the Canadian federal and 
provincial income tax rates to the loss for the year.  These differences result from the following items: 

Year ended 
December 31, 
2020 

Year ended 
December 31, 
2019 

Loss before taxes 
Combined Canadian federal and provincial statutory    
   income tax rates 
Income tax recovery based on the above rate 

18,878,722 

28,570,601 

27.00% 
5,097,255 

27.00% 
7,714,062 

Income tax benefits that have not been recognized 
   and other items 
Other permanent differences 
Impacts of changes in foreign tax and currency rates 
Differences between Canadian and foreign tax rates 
Non-deductible expenses 
Total income tax recovery 

(3,256,439) 
1,878,319 
(3,090,555) 
271,809 
(900,389) 
- 

(3,331,520) 
- 
(3,610,455) 
412,203 
(1,184,290) 
- 

18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Filo Mining Corp. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

The  Company’s  unrecognized  deductible  temporary  differences  and  unused  tax  losses  for  which  no 
deferred tax asset has been recognized consist of the following: 

Non-capital losses carried forward 
Mineral properties and related expenditures  
Other 

December 31,  
2020 
3,968,318 
10,620,277 
996,792 
15,585,387 

December 31,  
2019 
2,903,562 
8,885,625 
477,010 
12,266,197 

As at December 31, 2020, the non-capital loss carry-forwards and their respective expiration dates are 
as follows:  

Year 
2021 
2022 
2023 
2024 
2025 and onwards 

Canada 
- 
- 
- 
- 
13,744,341 

Argentina 
98,012 
94,374 
5,415 
151,567 
396,982 

Other 
5,101 
26,903 
11,943 
- 
239,088 

Total 
103,113 
121,277 
17,358 
151,567 
14,380,411 

13,744,341 

746,350 

283,035 

14,773,726 

19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Filo Mining Corp. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

13. SEGMENTED INFORMATION 

The Company is principally engaged in the acquisition, exploration and development of mineral properties 
in South America.  The information regarding mineral properties and exploration and project investigation 
costs presented in Notes 6 and 10, respectively, represent the manner in which management reviews its 
business performance. Materially all of the  Company’s mineral  properties  and exploration  and project 
investigation costs relate to the Filo del Sol Project, which straddles the border between the San Juan 
Province, Argentina and Region III, Chile and is comprised of the Filo del Sol Property and the Tamberias 
Property. The net gains on the use of marketable securities are allocated to the Filo del Sol Project, as 
they are the result of funding provided to the Company’s Argentine subsidiary in support of the project. 
Materially all the Company’s administrative costs are incurred by the Canadian parent, where materially 
all of the Company’s cash is held in the normal course of business until it is required to be deployed to 
the Company’s South American subsidiaries in support of ongoing and planned work programs.  

The following are summaries of the Company’s current and non-current assets, current liabilities, and 
net losses by segment: 

As at 
December 31, 

2020 

2019 

Filo del Sol 
Project 

Other 

Corporate 

Total 

Current assets 
Right-of-use asset 
Tax receivable  
Mineral properties 

3,397,742 
12,275 
1,656,495 
8,857,401 

Total assets 

13,923,913 

Current liabilities 

3,854,243 

Current assets 
Right-of-use asset 
Mineral properties 
Total assets 

Current liabilities 
Lease liabilities 
Total liabilities 

6,509,343 
88,832 
7,312,220 
13,910,395 

3,233,542 
12,145 
3,245,687 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

33,738,619 
- 
- 
- 

37,136,361 
12,275 
1,656,495 
8,857,401 

33,738,619 

47,662,532 

256,605 

4,110,848 

9,840,063 
- 
- 
9,840,063 

16,349,406 
88,832 
7,312,220 
23,750,458 

380,661 
- 
380,661 

3,614,203 
12,145 
3,626,348 

20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Filo Mining Corp. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

Year ended 
December 31, 

2020 

2019 

Exploration and 

project 
investigation 
Gain on use of 
marketable 
securities 
General and 

administration 
and other items 

Net loss 

Exploration and 

project 
investigation 

General and 

administration 
and other items 

Net loss 

Filo del Sol 
Project 

Other 

Corporate 

Total 

19,055,232 

(4,602,750) 

(291,593) 
14,160,889 

- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 

19,055,232 

(4,602,750) 

4,717,833 
4,717,833 

4,426,240 
18,878,722 

22,866,656 

140,861 

- 

23,007,517 

(141,845) 
22,724,811 

- 
140,861 

5,704,929 
5,704,929 

5,563,084 
28,570,601 

14. USE OF MARKETABLE SECURITIES  

From time to time, the Company may acquire and transfer marketable securities to facilitate intragroup 
funding transfers between the Canadian parent and its Argentine operating subsidiary.  

The Company does not acquire marketable securities or engage in these transactions for speculative 
purposes.  In  this  regard,  under  this  strategy,  the  Company  generally  uses  marketable  securities  of 
large and well established companies, with high trading volumes and low volatility. Nonetheless, as the 
process  to  acquire,  transfer  and  ultimately  sell  the  marketable  securities  occurs  over  approximately 
several days, some fluctuations are unavoidable. 

As the marketable securities are acquired with the intention of a near term sale, they are considered 
financial instruments that are held for trading, all changes in the fair value of the instruments, between 
acquisition and disposition, are recognized through profit or loss. 

As a result of having utilized this mechanism for intragroup funding for the year ended December 31, 
2020, the Company realized a net gain of $4,602,750 (2019: $nil), comprised of a favorable foreign 
currency impact of $5,514,960 (2019: $nil) and a trading loss of $912,211 (2019: $nil). 

21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Filo Mining Corp. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

15. CAPITAL MANAGEMENT 

The Company’s objectives when managing capital are to safeguard its ability to continue as a going 
concern in order to pursue the development of its mineral properties and to maintain a flexible capital 
structure which optimizes the costs of capital at an acceptable risk. In the management and definition 
of capital, the Company considers the items included in shareholders’ equity to be capital. 

The  Company  manages  the  capital  structure  and  makes  adjustments,  as  necessary,  in  light  of 
changes  in  economic  conditions  and  the  risk  characteristics  of  its  assets.  In  order  to  maintain  or 
adjust  the  capital  structure,  the  Company  may  attempt  to  issue  new  shares  or  debt  instruments, 
acquire or dispose of assets, or to bring in joint venture partners. 

To facilitate the management of its capital requirements, the Company prepares annual expenditure 
budgets that are updated as necessary depending on various factors, including, but not limited to, 
successful capital deployment and general industry conditions. The annual and updated budgets are 
approved by the Board of Directors. 

16. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND MANAGEMENT OF FINANCIAL RISKS 

The  Company  has  estimated  the  fair  values  of  its  financial  instruments  based  on  appropriate 
valuation methodologies.  These values are not materially different from their carrying value. 

The Company classifies the fair value of its financial instruments according to the following hierarchy 
based on the amount of observable inputs used to value the instrument: 

 
 

 

Level 1 – quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities 
Level  2  –  inputs  other  than  quoted  prices  included  in  Level  1  that  are  observable  for  the 
assets or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices); and 
Level  3  –  inputs  for  the  asset  or  liability  that  are  not  based  on  observable  market  data 
(unobservable inputs). 

The  Company’s  financial  instruments  consist  of  cash,  receivables  and  other  assets,  and  trade 
payables  and  accrued  liabilities.  The  carrying  values  of  the  Company’s  financial  instruments  are 
considered to be reasonable approximations of fair value due to their anticipated short-term nature. 

As at December 31, 2020, the Company’s financial instruments are exposed to the following financial 
risks, including credit, liquidity and currency risks: 

(i) 

(ii) 

Credit risks associated with cash is minimal as the Company deposits the majority of its cash 
with a large Canadian financial institution that has been accorded a strong investment grade 
rating by a primary rating agency.  

Liquidity  risks  associated  with  the  inability  to  meet  obligations  as  they  become  due  is 
minimized through the management of its capital structure as explained on Note 15 and by 
maintaining  good  relationships  with  significant  shareholders  and  creditors,  such  as  Zebra. 
The Company also closely monitors and reviews its costs to date and actual cash flows on a 
monthly basis.  

The maturities of the Company’s financial liabilities as at December 31, 2020 are as follows: 

22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Filo Mining Corp. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars, unless otherwise stated) 

Total 

Less than 
1 year 

1-5 
years 

More than 
5 years 

Accounts payable and  
    accrued liabilities 
Lease liabilities 

Total 

4,097,835 
13,013 

4,097,835 
13,013 

4,110,848 

4,110,848 

- 
- 

- 

- 

- 

(iii) 

Foreign  currency  risk  can  arise  when  the  Company  or  its  subsidiaries  transact  or  have  net 
financial  assets  or  liabilities  which  are  denominated  in  currencies  other  than  their  respective 
functional currencies. 

At December 31, 2020, the Company’s largest foreign currency risk exposures existed at the 
level  of  its  Canadian  headquarters  and  at  its  Chilean  operating  subsidiary,  Frontera  Chile 
Limitada,  where  the  Company  held  a  net  financial  asset  position  denominated  in  US  dollars 
having a Canadian dollar equivalent of approximately $1.4 million, and a net financial liability 
position denominated in US dollars having a Canadian dollar equivalent of approximately $1.1 
million, respectively. A 10% change in the foreign exchange rate between the US dollar and the 
Canadian dollar, the functional currency of Filo Mining, or between the US dollar and the Chilean 
peso, the functional currency of Frontera Chile Limitada., would give rise to increases/decreases 
of approximately $141,000 and $115,000, respectively, in financial position/comprehensive loss. 

17. COVID-19 IMPACT AND RESPONSE 

On  March  11,  2020,  the  World  Health  Organization  officially  declared  the  global  outbreak  of  the 
novel  coronavirus,  COVID-19,  a  pandemic.  The  impacts  of  COVID-19  on  global  commerce  and 
financial markets to date have been broad and significant.  

The  Company  continues  to  respond  to  the  COVID-19  pandemic  within  the  framework  of  internal 
protocols, and local and national health authority requirements and recommendations.  The health 
and safety of the Company’s employees, contractors, visitors, and stakeholders remain Filo Mining’s 
top  priority.  Since  March  2020,  the  Company  has  implemented  travel  restrictions,  surveillance, 
monitoring  and  response  plans  to  reduce  the  risk  of  COVID-19  exposure  and  outbreak,  including 
health screening of personnel when appropriate. 

The Company’s current COVID-19 operating protocol has enabled it to undertake and substantially 
complete  its  2020/2021  field  program,  which  is  currently  scheduled  to  conclude  in  April  2021. 
However, any tightening/retightening of COVID-19-related travel restrictions or new developments 
in local or national health protocols, particularly in Chile and Argentina, would likely impact future 
activities and result in a reduction to the Company’s cash expenditures and exploration costs. As of 
the date of these consolidated financial statements, the Company cannot be certain of the impact of 
the COVID-19 pandemic on its financial position, results of operations and cash flows.  

The  Company’s  longer  term  business  plans  remain  dependent  on  its  ability  to  obtain  additional 
financing  through  global  financial  markets.  Should  the  COVID-19  pandemic  and/or  the  general 
depression of financial markets persist in the longer term, the Company’s ability to access financing 
on favorable terms may be negatively impacted.  

23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
CORPORATE DIRECTORY 

OFFICERS 
Jamie Beck 

President & CEO 

Robert Carmichael 
VP Exploration 

Jeffrey Yip 

Chief Financial Officer 

Brenda Nowak 

Corporate Secretary 

DIRECTORS 
Adam Lundin, Chairman 
Jamie Beck  
Lukas Lundin 
Wojtek Wodzicki 
Erin Johnston 
Alessandro Bitelli 
Carmel Daniele 

AUDITORS 
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP 
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada 

LEGAL COUNSEL 
Cassels Brock & Blackwell LLP 
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada 

CORPORATE OFFICE 
Suite 2000 - 885 West Georgia Street 
Vancouver, British Columbia 
Canada   V6C 3E8 
Telephone: +1 604 689-7842 
Fax: +1 604 689-4250 

REGISTERED & RECORDS OFFICE 
Suite 2200 - 885 West Georgia Street 
Vancouver, British Columbia  
Canada   V6C 3E8 

REGISTRAR AND TRANSFER AGENT 
Computershare Trust Company of Canada 
Vancouver, British Columbia 
Canada 

SHARE LISTINGS 
TSXV & Nasdaq First North  
Growth Market: FIL 
OTCQX: FLMMF 
CUSIP No.: 31730E101 
ISIN: CA31730E1016