Empowering sustainable futures ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024 Glanaruddery All capitalised terms are defined in the list of defined terms on pages 97 to 99 unless separately defined. All capitalised terms are defined in the list of defined terms on pages 97 to 100 unless separately defined. Glanaruddery GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 2 CONTENTS At a Glance 3 Chairman’s Statement 4 Investment Manager’s Report 6 Board of Directors 16 Directors’ Report 18 Directors’ Remuneration Report 28 Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities 30 Corporate Governance Report 31 Nomination Committee Report 38 Audit Committee Report 39 Independent Auditor’s Report 43 Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income 47 Consolidated Statement of Financial Position 48 Company Statement of Financial Position 49 Consolidated and Company Statement of Changes in Equity 50 Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows 51 Company Statement of Cash Flows 52 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 53 Company Information 78 Supplementary Information (unaudited) 79 Annex V Disclosure 80 Principal Adverse Impact Statement 89 Defined Terms 97 Alternative Performance Measures 101 Forward Looking Statements and other Important Information 102 Disciplined capital allocation and clear focus on shareholder value HIGHLIGHTS €95.8m 50.7% 6.74c Gross cash generation(1) Gross dividend cover(2) Distributed to shareholders Debt repayments(3) Gearing Dividends declared with respect to the period €148.6m 2.0x €100.2m (1) Gross cash generation is stated gross of scheduled SPV level debt repayments amounting to €7.8 million. After taking into account SPV level debt repayments, net cash generation amounted to €140.8 million. (2) Net dividend cover for the same period was 1.9x. (3) Excludes €17.0 million drawdown for South Meath. Glanaruddery (1) Estimated emissions avoided are calculated assuming that renewable energy generation replaces the marginal generator (i.e., the generation that is most likely to be displaced as the next dispatch option in the electricity system) in each region. The marginal generators in each country are listed here: combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) generation for Ireland and Spain, nuclear generation for France and Sweden, biomass generation for Finland, and coal generation for Germany. The “Operating margin” approach is the preferred option under PCAF guidance for measuring carbon avoided. Carbon emissions factors (gCO2/kWh) for the marginal generator in each region is sourced from an IEA dataset (2024). Nuclear carbon emissions factor is sourced from IPCC. (2) The number of homes powered is based on the average annual household energy consumption, using the latest reported figures, and reflects the portfolio’s estimated annual electricity generation as at the relevant reporting date for each region. AT A GLANCE Greencoat Renewables PLC is a listed renewable energy infrastructure company, investing in European renewable electricity generation and storage assets. The Company’s aim is to provide investors with an annual dividend that increases progressively, while growing the capital value of its investment portfolio in the long term, through reinvestment of excess cash flow and the prudent use of portfolio leverage. Summary 3 HIGHLIGHTS €95.8m 50.7% 6.74c Gross cash generation(1) Gross dividend cover(2) Distributed to shareholders Debt repayments(3) Gearing Dividends declared with respect to the period €148.6m 2.0x €100.2m (1) Gross cash generation is stated gross of scheduled SPV level debt repayments amounting to €7.8 million. After taking into account SPV level debt repayments, net cash generation amounted to €140.8 million. (2) Net dividend cover for the same period was 1.9x. (3) Excludes €17.0 million drawdown for South Meath. Key Metrics 31 December 2024 Market capitalisation €916 million Share price 82.3 cent Dividends with respect to the period €75.2 million Dividend with respect to the period per share 6.74 cent GAV €2,493 million NAV €1,230 million NAV per share 110.5 cent Discount to NAV 25.5% Renewable energy generated 3,443 GWh CO2 emissions avoided per annum(1) c.1.4 million tonnes Homes powered per annum(2) c.775,000 homes Funds committed in community funds and social projects €1.3 million GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 4 CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT Overview I am pleased to report continued strong operating performance in a year where a range of macro-economic headwinds unsettled the sector. A combination of intensive asset management, a balanced approach to power price risk and a robust balance sheet underpinned gross cash generation of €148.6(1) million and 2.0x dividend cover. (1) Gross cash generation is stated gross of scheduled SPV level debt repayments amounting to €7.8 million. After taking into account SPV level debt repayments, net cash generation amounted to €140.8 million equating to 1.9x dividend cover. (2) Excludes €17.0 million drawdown for South Meath. Rónán Murphy Chairman Powering €100.2 million homes Displacing Distributed to shareholders Importantly, the Company’s structural cash generation capacity allowed us to allocate capital in a highly disciplined manner in line with our strategic objectives across a range of activities as set out below. • Returned more than €100 million to shareholders in the form of upsized dividend distributions and an accretive share buyback. • Repaid €95.8(2) million of debt from operating cashflow and disposal proceeds. • Utilised operating cashflows to part fund the completion of the South Meath solar farm that was subject to a forward sale agreement signed in 2022. The strength of our balance sheet and cash generative qualities represents a key differentiator, providing the Company with increased flexibility and strategic optionality. The economic backdrop in 2024 can be described as changeable and complex, with a wide range of factors at play. Nevertheless, 2024 saw continued growth in the development of renewable energy infrastructure assets, supported by a significant increase in demand for green electrons driven by Big Tech and AI. The opportunity to invest into and participate within the energy transition has never been greater and we remain fully committed to building a leading pan European owner and operator of renewable energy assets whilst generating attractive, risk adjusted returns for shareholders. Operational Performance The Company continued to focus on driving income growth through intensive asset management initiatives which, combined with the portfolio’s cash generative qualities resulted in gross cash generation of €148.6(1) million (2023: €196.7 million) equating to dividend cover of 2.0x. With wind resource statistically below average, availability challenges and unexpected grid outages, generation was 10% behind budget. As part of recurring asset management activities and in line with adopting a prudent approach to valuation, P50 energy yield adjustments amounting to negative 1.1 cents per share were made during the year. As referenced above, the shift towards electrification is driving a marked increase in demand for green electrons with large corporations including Big Tech and those fuelled by AI, publicly stating their desire to secure clean energy. In signing a series of pay as produce Power Purchase Agreements amounting to over 500 GWh, with highly reputable counterparties, including two in the year under review, the Group is capitalising on this new route to market which is expected to form a central part of our asset management efforts going forward. Investment Activity With disciplined capital allocation a guiding principle, investment activity remained subdued with the sole acquisition activity relating to the completion of the South Meath solar farm located in Ireland, which was subject to a forward sale agreement entered into in July 2022. The Company expects to complete its last remaining forward sale asset, the Andella wind farm in Spain, for which it is fully funded, when it becomes fully operational and all terms are agreed. The Company was pleased to complete its first asset disposal in selling the Kokkoneva wind farm located in Finland to a local utility at a 6% premium to the last reported net asset value. With asset recycling forming part of its wider approach to capital allocation, proceeds from the disposal, supplemented by operating cashflow were used to repay debt. Financial Management In a year of considerable volatility, the Company’s NAV remained robust at 110.5 cents per share (2023: 112.1 cents per share) as continued strong cash generation offset production underperformance and power price volatility. Whilst share price performance has been disappointing, total NAV return, including dividends paid, was positive at 4.5%. 775,000 1.4 million tonnes of CO2 GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 5 STRATEGIC REPORT GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS The Company took specific action to strengthen its balance sheet in the year under review through financing activity totalling €385 million as set out below. • Agreed new €150 million term debt facility at an all-in interest rate of 4.1% in February 2024; and • Agreed to extend €235 million of the €275 million Facility A term debt maturing in October 2025 to October 2030, with the residual amount to be paid down from organic cash in October 2025. Total debt reduced to €1,263 million as a result of net debt repayments amounting to €78.8 million(1) with gearing down to 50.7% (2023: 51.2%). The Company benefits from strong liquidity with total cash of €107 million and €241 million of the RCF facility remaining undrawn as at 31 December 2024. Dividends The Company declared a dividend for the quarter ending 31 December 2024 of 1.685 cents payable on 28 February 2025, bringing total dividends relating to the year to 6.74 cents, in line with our stated target. The Company’s dividend policy remains unchanged and aims to increase the dividend annually by an amount up to Irish CPI. The Board has agreed to increase the 2025 target dividend by 1% to 6.81 cents per share reflecting its confidence in its ability to deliver strong cashflows on a sustainable basis. Investment Management Fees I am also pleased to communicate that a revision of the terms of the IMA has been agreed. Under the terms of the revised IMA, 50% of the investment management fee will remain based on NAV and the other 50% will be based on the lower of NAV and market capitalisation. The existing tiered fee structure will remain in place. The revised arrangements will be effective from 1 April 2025. Environmental, Social and Governance As an Article 9 fund, environmental stewardship is key to what we do and how we go about our daily business. Investing in and operating renewable energy infrastructure assets makes a direct positive contribution toward the global ambition of achieving a net zero carbon emissions economy. We are proud to have generated renewable energy in 2024 capable of powering over 775,000 homes and avoiding c.1.4 million tonnes of CO2 emissions. We were delighted to publish our 2023 ESG Report in May 2024 which outlines comprehensively what we do with regards to a wide range of environmental, social and governance matters and look forward to publishing our 2024 ESG Report in Q2 2025. The report is published on our website: https://www.greencoat-renewables.com Greencoat Renewables provides investors with access to sustainable investments that result in clear, positive real-world outcomes. We continue to take a proactive approach to sustainability and climate related disclosures, including those relating to SFDR and TCFD, in the Directors Report within the 2024 Annual Report. AGM Our AGM will take place at 09:30 on 15 May 2025, at Davy House, 49 Dawson Street, Dublin, DO2 PY05, Ireland. Details of the formal business of the meeting will be set out in a separate circular which will be sent to shareholders with the 2024 Annual Report. Board and Governance The Board continues to place significant emphasis on ensuring it appropriately responds to the evolving needs of the business and shareholders. The Group’s governance is described in more detail in the Corporate Governance Report within the 2024 Annual Report. I would like to acknowledge the contribution of our Director, Kevin McNamara, most notably as Chair of the Audit Committee, who retired from the Board on 31 December 2024. We are grateful to Kevin for his term of service which began back in 2017 and wish him the very best for the future. At the same time, I would like to again welcome Niamh Marshall who joined the Board as a Non- Executive Director and Chair of the Audit Committee in April 2024. I would like to express my thanks to all my fellow Directors for their valued insights and collaboration during 2024 and look forward to working with them into the new financial year. Outlook We expect a more pragmatic approach to the energy transition in Europe in 2025 in response to the changing global political and macro-economic landscape. This will likely result in more disciplined capital allocation from developers and a greater focus on end-user affordability. Despite this we see continued firm political support for the energy transition across Europe as the EU looks to hit a minimum target of 42.5% of energy from renewable sources in 2030, up from 24.5% in 2023(2). This means the Company remains part of a growing ecosystem with attractive investment opportunities over the medium term. However, given that valuations across the listed renewable infrastructure market remain subdued, our priority will be on actions that may help reduce the share price discount to NAV. With a strong balance sheet and high cash generation capacity, the Company expects to continue to recycle assets and proactively manage gearing through organic cashflows, whilst optimising its operating performance. On an enduring basis, we remain wholly focused on continuing to deliver attractive risk adjusted returns for shareholders through the disciplined allocation of capital. Overall, the Company continues to explore ways in which it can achieve its strategic aims of diversifying its shareholder base and positioning itself to take advantage of growth opportunities as market conditions improve, including the possibility of an additional listing to enhance the Company’s profile, improve liquidity and support future growth. Rónán Murphy Chairman 05 March 2025 CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT (1) Includes €17.0 million drawdown for South Meath. (2) https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/renewable-energy/renewable-energy-directive-targets-and-rules/renewable-energy-targets_en GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 6 INVESTMENT MANAGER’S REPORT Strong cash generation and increased optionality The Investment Manager is an experienced manager of renewable infrastructure assets with c.€11 billion of assets under management, is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority and is a full scope UK AIFM. Leadership Team Bertrand Gautier Bertrand has over 32 years of operational, financial and investment experience, of which the last eight years have been focused solely on renewables. Bertrand has been a partner of the Investment Manager since joining in 2010. Bertrand specialises in investments across the renewable energy space. Bertrand joined from Terra Firma Capital Partners, where he managed a variety of LBO and re- financing transactions, and oversaw the management of portfolio businesses, focusing on asset-backed companies. Before joining Terra Firma in 2007, Bertrand spent five years at Merrill Lynch as part of the M&A Advisory Group in the Infrastructure and Industrials team. Prior to that, he gained extensive operational experience over eight years at Procter & Gamble in supply chain and purchasing management, as well as in several French engineering SMEs. At the Investment Manager, Bertrand chairs the Investment Committee for the Company and also sits on the investment committee of UKW. Bertrand holds an MSc in General Engineering from ICAM (France) and an MBA from Harvard Business School (USA). Paul O Donnell Paul has over 20 years of renewables and investment experience, of which the last ten have been focused solely on renewables. Paul joined the Investment Manager in 2009 and has specialised in managing investments in the wind and solar generation sectors, working across development, operations, technology, and financing. Paul has been a partner of the Investment Manager since 2016 and has been based in Dublin since 2013. Prior to joining the Investment Manager, Paul worked with Libertas Capital, the specialist renewable energy investment bank. At Libertas, Paul advised renewable companies on raising equity and focused on the AIM market. Paul started his career with PwC Ireland in Dublin. Paul holds a BBS (Hons) in Finance from Trinity College Dublin. Senior Management Team Joanne Joyce Joanne joined the Investment Manager in 2019 and has been working in the renewable energy sector for over 20 years. Joanne started her career in private practice with A&L Goodbody Solicitors, with a focus on the financing of large- scale infrastructure projects in the energy sector. Prior to joining the Investment Manager, Joanne was Head of Legal and Compliance for Asper Investment Management Limited, a London based investment management firm focused on building sustainable infrastructure businesses. Joanne is responsible for all legal and operational matters including debt origination. Joanne has a LLB (Hons) in Law from The National University of Ireland, Galway and a Diploma in Finance Law from the Law Society of Ireland. Patrick Maguire Patrick has over 23 years of experience within the renewable energy sector and joined the Investment Manager in 2017 as Head of Asset Management. Patrick is responsible for managing the Company’s underlying investments through a team of experienced professionals who oversee all asset management activities including the technical due diligence of all acquisitions since IPO. Prior to joining the Investment Manager, Patrick was Head of Asset Management for Mainstream Renewable Power, a global developer and operator of wind and solar assets where he managed a portfolio of assets across Europe, South Africa, Chile, USA and Canada. Patrick sits on the board of Wind Energy Ireland and has a BA in Maths and BAI in Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering from Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland. Diarmuid Kelly Diarmuid has been working in the real assets sector for over 15 years and joined the Investment Manager in 2023 as Chief Financial Officer – Europe. Diarmuid has deep experience across a wide range of sectors including professional services, investment management, sovereign wealth and most recently as CFO of Sirius Real Estate, a dual listed public company owning and operating real assets in multiple European geographies. Diarmuid is responsible for all aspects of financial management for Greencoat Renewables including reporting, controlling and forecasting. Diarmuid has a BA and MSc from the University of Exeter, United Kingdom and is a Fellow of the Association of Certified Chartered Accountants. €148.6m 2.0x 4.5% Gross cash generation Gross dividend cover Total NAV return including dividends paid Information about the Investment Manager Schroders Greencoat LLP, the Investment Manager, is responsible for the day-to-day management of the Group’s investment portfolio in accordance with the Company’s investment objective and policy, subject to the overall supervision of the Board. Glanaruddery GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 7 STRATEGIC REPORT GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Overview In a year impacted by below budget wind resource and material power prices movements, the Company was pleased to deliver gross cash generation of €148.6 million(1) (2023: €196.7 million) equating to 2.0x (2023: 2.7x) dividend cover. Against the backdrop of macroeconomic volatility impacting markets, disciplined capital allocation remained a guiding principle with high structural cash generation and a strong balance sheet enabling the Company to execute a range of actions in the year. A total of €100.2 million, representing 8% of NAV at 31 December 2023, was returned to shareholders through dividends and a share buyback whilst debt repayments amounted to €95.8 million(2) including proceeds of the Company’s first asset disposal which was sold at a 6% premium to NAV. Acquisition activity related to the completion of 50% of the South Meath solar farm located in Ireland, which was acquired under a forward sale agreement signed in July 2022. In addition to repaying debt out of operating cashflows as referred to above, the Company was pleased to strengthen its balance sheet and enhance its liquidity profile as a result of entering into a new 5-year term debt facility amounting to €150 million and agreeing the refinancing of €235 million of its existing €275 million Facility A maturing in October 2025 for an additional 5 years. As the importance and value of green electrons to Big Tech and multi-national corporations becomes increasingly evident, the Company entered into two long-term PPAs with strong counterparties which underlines our ability to firmly establish ourselves in a growing segment of the market. With a team of experienced professionals located on the ground throughout the major European markets, the Investment Manager is confident in its ability to identify and deliver on a wide range of opportunities including the opening up of alternative routes to market as part of its approach to active asset management. Our cash generation capacity enables us to take decisive action on a range of strategic initiatives Bertrand Gautier Bertrand Gautier Paul O’Donnell (1) Gross cash generation is stated gross of scheduled SPV level debt repayments amounting to €7.8 million. After taking into account SPV level debt repayments, net cash generation amounted to €140.8 million equating to 1.9x dividend cover. (2) Excludes €17.0 million drawdown for South Meath. STRATEGIC REPORT GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS INVESTMENT MANAGER’S REPORT GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 8 INVESTMENT MANAGER’S REPORT continued Investment Portfolio As at 31 December 2024, the Group owned and operated a total of 39 renewable energy generation and storage assets with one additional asset to be acquired under a forward sale agreement. The Group’s portfolio is well diversified with assets located in 5 European jurisdictions. Further detail on the Group’s portfolio is set out in the tables below: (1) Includes Beam Hill (14MW, Vestas turbines) wind farm and Beam Hill Extension wind farm (6.9MW, Enercon turbines). (2) Includes Killala Battery which has 10.8MW of storage capacity. Wind Farm Country Turbines Operator PPA Total MW Ownership Stake Net MW Ballincollig Hill Republic of Ireland Enercon Statkraft Energia 13.3 100% 13.3 Ballybane Republic of Ireland Enercon EnergyPro Energia / Erova / Keppel 48.3 100% 48.3 Beam(1) Republic of Ireland Vestas/Enercon EnergyPro Prepay Power / Flogas 20.9 100% 20.9 Carrickallen Republic of Ireland Senvion EnergyPro SSE 20.5 50% 10.3 Cloosh Valley Republic of Ireland Siemens Gamesa SSE SSE 108.0 75% 81.0 Cloghan Republic of Ireland Vestas Statkraft Statkraft 37.8 100% 37.8 Cnoc Republic of Ireland Enercon EnergyPro Electroroute (via Supplier Lite Structure) 11.5 100% 11.5 Cordal Republic of Ireland GE Statkraft Electroroute (via Supplier Lite Structure) 89.6 100% 89.6 Garranereagh Republic of Ireland Enercon Statkraft Bord Gais 9.2 100% 9.2 Glanaruddery Republic of Ireland Vestas EnergyPro Supplier Lite 36.3 100% 36.3 Glencarbry Republic of Ireland Nordex EnergyPro Electroroute (via Supplier Lite Structure) 35.6 100% 35.6 Gortahile Republic of Ireland Nordex Statkraft Energia 20.0 100% 20.0 Killala Republic of Ireland Siemens Gamesa EnergyPro Electroroute 20.4 100% 20.4 Killala Battery Republic of Ireland Fluence Fluence Grid Beyond / Statkraft 10.8 100% 10.8 Killhills Republic of Ireland Enercon EnergyPro Orsted 36.8 100% 36.8 Knockacummer Republic of Ireland Nordex EnergyPro Orsted 100.0 100% 100.0 Knocknalour Republic of Ireland Enercon Statkraft Flogas / Energia 9.2 100% 9.2 Letteragh Republic of Ireland Enercon Statkraft SSE 14.1 100% 14.1 Lisdowney Republic of Ireland Enercon EnergyPro Flogas 9.2 100% 9.2 Monaincha Republic of Ireland Nordex Statkraft Bord Gais 36.0 100% 36.0 Raheenleagh Republic of Ireland Siemens Gamesa ESB ESB 35.2 50% 17.6 Sliabh Bawn Republic of Ireland Siemens Gamesa Bord na Mona Supplier Lite 64.0 25% 16.0 South Meath Republic of Ireland Canadian Solar Statkraft Microsoft 80.5 50% 40.3 Taghart Republic of Ireland Vestas Statkraft Statkraft 25.2 100% 25.2 Tullahennel Republic of Ireland GE Statkraft Microsoft 37.1 100% 37.1 Tullynamoyle II Republic of Ireland Enercon Statkraft Bord Gais 11.5 100% 11.5 Total Ireland 941.0 798.0 Borkum Riffgrund 1 Germany Siemens Gamesa Orsted Orsted 312.0 50% 156.0 Butendiek Germany Siemens Gamesa SGRE/DWT Danske Energy 288.0 38.2% 110.1 Total Germany 600.0 266.1 Arcy Precy France Vestas Volkswind Axpo Solutions AG 16.0 100% 16.0 Genonville France Nordex Volkswind Axpo Solutions AG 21.6 100% 21.6 Grande Piece France Vestas Volkswind Axpo Solutions AG 20.7 100% 20.7 Menonville France Enercon Volkswind Axpo Solutions AG 9.4 100% 9.4 Saint Martin France Senvion Greensolver Sorégies 10.3 100% 10.3 Sommette France Nordex Greensolver EDF 21.6 100% 21.6 Pasilly France Siemens Gamesa Greensolver EDF 20.0 100% 20.0 Total France 119.6 119.6 Soliedra Spain GE Alfanar Engie 24.0 100% 24.0 Torrubia Spain Suntech Grupotec Merchant 50.0 100% 50.0 Erstrask North Sweden Enercon Enercon Skelleftea Kraft 134.4 100% 134.4 Erstrask South Sweden Enercon Enercon Skelleftea Kraft 101.1 100% 101.1 Total Spain and Sweden 309.5 309.5 Total Operating Portfolio 1,970.0 1,493.2 Andella – Forward Sale 50.0 100% 50.0 Contracted to acquire/forward sale 50.0 50.0 Total Operating and Contracted Portfolio(2) 1,543.2 GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 9 STRATEGIC REPORT GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS INVESTMENT MANAGER’S REPORT Investment Portfolio continued STRATEGIC REPORT GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (1) Killala wind farm and Killala Battery are a single site on the above map as shown in location 13. Ireland Ballincollig Hill 1 Ballybane 2 Beam Hill and Beam Hill Extension 3 Carrickallen 4 Cloghan 5 Cloosh Valley 6 Cnoc 7 Cordal 8 Garranereagh 9 Glanaruddery 10 Glencarby 11 Gortahile 12 Killala and Killala Battery(1) 13 Killhills 14 Knockacummer 15 Knocknalour 16 Letteragh 17 Lisdowney 18 Monaincha 19 Raheenleagh 20 Sliabh Bawn 21 South Meath 22 Taghart 23 Tullahennel 24 Tullynamoyle II 25 France Arcy Precy 26 Genonville 27 Grande Piece 28 Menonville 29 Pasilly 30 Saint Martin 31 Sommette 32 Germany Borkum Riffgrund 1 33 Butendiek 34 Spain Andella (forward sale) 35 Soliedra 36 Torrubia Solar 37 Sweden Erstrask North 38 Erstrask South 39 3 4 25 13 21 22 23 5 19 18 12 20 16 7 11 14 15 24 10 1 17 6 8 9 2 37 36 35 32 26 29 38 31 39 33 30 34 27 28 The Group’s portfolio is well diversified with a range of technologies located in multiple geographies. As at 31 December 2024, 78% of capacity related to onshore wind, 18% to offshore wind, 3% to solar and 1% to battery storage. The Group owns and operates a young fleet of assets benefitting from modern technology with 85% of assets less than 10 years old. Operational Performance Compensable Budget Wind farm availability Grid Outages Net Dispatch Down Resource/ Other Compensated Production 4,393 (71) (65) (40) (282) 3,933 YTD GWh Portfolio generation, including compensated constraints and adjusted for negative pricing and liquidated damages, amounted to 3,933GWh, 10% less than the budget of 4,393GWh. Lower wind and solar resource throughout Europe, particularly in the second half of the year, accounted for the majority of the production shortfall. Whilst wind resource was less than expected in most European jurisdictions, it was notable that in Germany, where the Company’s two largest assets are located, wind resource was positive demonstrating the benefit of a diversified portfolio of assets that are exposed to multiple weather patterns. As part of the ongoing performance review of the portfolio, the Investment Manager carried out a review of the energy yield assumptions on sites where there was sufficient data to do so. This resulted in a modification of the P50 energy yield on a number of assets. The net impact of the adjustments was a 0.9% reduction in portfolio generation equating to 1.1 cents per share which was accounted for in the Q3 2024 NAV. Over the course of 2024 reviews were completed on over 50% of the portfolio. Energy yield assessments are on‑going on the remainder of the portfolio. South Meath Assets Borkum Riffgrund 1 11% Butendiek 12% Cloosh Valley 8% Cordal 7% Knockacummer 7% Erstrask North 6% Other 49% Principal Equipment Supplier Siemens Gamesa 36% Nordex 17% Enercon 20% GE 12% Vestas 11% Others 4% Asset Age < 3 years 16% 3 –5 years 7% 5 –10 years 62% > 10 years 15% Geography Republic of Ireland 57% Germany 22% France 8% Sweden 10% Spain 3% GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 10 INVESTMENT MANAGER’S REPORT continued Investment Portfolio continued Breakdown of operating portfolio by value as at 31 December 2024. Asset Management Intensive asset management sits at the core of the Company’s strategy with a clear focus on growing income and capital values through a wide range of initiatives including energy yield improvements, development of ancillary revenues, technical enhancements and cost optimisation. A dedicated team of asset management professionals with deep technical and commercial expertise drive the delivery of innovative initiatives that enhance operational performance and unlock value. A selection of completed asset management initiatives in 2024 is set out below. • Continued execution of its contracting strategy in entering into two long‑term pay as produced Corporate PPAs. • Proactively managed power price risk through the use of short-term financial hedges. • Developed hybridisation strategies to support asset recycling. • Completed technical upgrades on three assets resulting in increases in energy yield between 1.0%-1.5%. • Significantly reduced bird migration related curtailment at French wind farms through biomonitoring capability. • Implemented new control systems in European assets to cease generating during periods of negative pricing. • Developed ancillary services revenue streams relating to Swedish assets, one of the first assets to achieve this in the market. • Continued optimisation work relating to O&M agreements, trading arrangements and GoOs sales across a number of assets. Proactive Management of Power Price As referenced above, long-term PPA agreements form a central component of our asset management strategy and overall return profile. Building on two large scale PPAs in Germany that completed in December 2023, the Group was pleased to become party to two additional long-term PPA agreements amounting to 106GWh per annum in Ireland with a data centre owner and a ‘Big Tech’ counterparty respectively. In total, c.500GWh per annum outside of subsidy schemes has been contracted through fixed price PPAs, representing more than 20% of merchant volumes to 2029, illustrating how proactive power price management can generate value and reduce risk. As the impact of Big Tech and AI continues to drive the value of green electrons, the Company is well positioned to make further progress. As set out below, power prices throughout Europe continued to normalise during 2024. However, with 71% of total cash flows contracted through to 2029, the Group’s exposure to power prices is limited and its income profile highly secure. With merchant exposure centred in markets where PPAs are increasingly sought after, the Group is well positioned to explore short, medium and long-term agreements where accretion can be realised. 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0 2024 2023 Average Annual Baseload Day-ahead Prices Germany Spain Sweden 95.0 87.0 39.8 79.6 57.8 25.0 €/MWh 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 5-Yr Total Illustrative net cash generation €131m €131m €126m €157m €173m €718m Dividends €75m €76m €77m €77m €78m €383m Dividend cover 1.7x 1.7x 1.6x 2.0x 2.2x 1.9x Contracted Cashflows % 80% 78% 78% 60% 60% 71% Basis of preparation: • Includes acquisition of sole forward sale commitment. • Assumes the reinvestment of 60% of excess cashflows into Irish RESS example assets yielding current market rates starting in 2025, equating to an investment of €200.9 million over the period, which makes a cumulative contribution to net cash generation of €24.4 million. • Dividend growth assumption c.1% per annum after 2025. • Excludes any potential power price upside relating to Irish tariffs. • Surplus cash used to repay debt and assumes debt facilities maturing in the period are refinanced at 4.5%. GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 11 STRATEGIC REPORT GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS INVESTMENT MANAGER’S REPORT Investment Portfolio continued STRATEGIC REPORT GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS As set out above, the Group expects to generate c.€718 million of cash through to 2029 representing c.65 cents per share, with target dividend payments of c.€383 million, representing c.34 cents per share. The Group’s income streams are well insulated from movements in power prices with dividends expected to be covered throughout the 5-year period based on merchant pricing as low as €20/MWh. Based on its continued high cash generation, the Company remains confident in its ability to progressively grow dividends and reinvest excess cash in a manner aligned to the long-term interests of shareholders. Share Buyback As part of its capital allocation strategy, the Company announced a €25.0 million buyback in May 2024. On completion in October 2024, the Company had acquired 27.7 million shares at an average discount to NAV of 19%. The Company will continue to evaluate potential future buybacks as part of its balanced capital allocation approach. Acquisitions In July 2024, the Group was pleased to complete the acquisition of a 50% stake in the 80.5MW South Meath solar farm located in County Meath, Ireland. The asset was acquired from Statkraft and committed to in July 2022 under a forward sale structure. The asset further diversifies the Group’s portfolio, representing its first investment into the Irish solar market. The transaction was completed in partnership with other funds managed by the Investment Manager. As part of their commitment to operate with 100% renewable energy, a large international technology company has entered into a 15-year PPA for 100% of the production of the asset underling the Group’s ability to take advantage of the exponential increase in demand for clean energy as a result of the global acceleration of technology and advancements in AI. Forward Sale Commitments In August 2023, the Group entered into a forward sale commitment to acquire the 50.0MW Andella wind farm located in Valladolid, Spain, on a fully merchant basis. The asset is fully funded with completion scheduled to take place once the asset becomes fully operational. Disposals With a renewed focus on capital allocation, the Investment Manager has considered selective divestment options over the course of 2024. In November 2024, the Group successfully disposed of its 43.2MW Kokkoneva wind farm located in Finland, to a local utility provider, at a 6% premium to NAV. With a pan European portfolio and teams of experienced professionals on the ground, the Group is well positioned to identify further localised opportunities to crystalise value and recycle capital. The company continues to explore possibilities to deliver further accretive disposals. Financing As at 31 December 2024, total aggregate debt reduced to €1,263 million equating to a gross gearing ratio of 50.7% (2023: 51.2%). Net debt, taking into account unrestricted cash balances, amounted to €1,207 million implying a net gearing ratio of 49.5% (2023: 49.7%). During the year, the Company made debt repayments totalling €95.8 million(1) using a combination of operating cashflows and proceeds from disposals. The Group was pleased to enter into a new €150 million, 5-year term debt facility in February 2024 with a syndicate of existing and new lenders. The facility is fully hedged via an interest rate swap with an all-in rate of 4.1%. The new debt facility saw a new institutional lender added to the Group’s banking syndicate and, with a 145-bps margin, is indicative of the Group’s robust credit profile. The new facility was used in full to repay the Group’s RCF. Additionally, the Group agreed to extend a total of €235 million of its €275 million Facility A upon maturity on 7 October 2025 for an additional 5-year term through to 2030. The extended facility has a requirement to be fully hedged upon drawdown with a margin of 165-bps and is priced in line with the Group’s existing facilities. Following the extension in October 2025 and based on swap rates as at the date of this report, the all in cost of the extended Facility A is estimated to be c.4.0%. The next term debt facility due to mature is in April 2027 evidencing the solid liquidity profile of the Group. The Group’s weighted average cost of debt at 31 December 2024 reduced to 2.9% (2023: 3.3%) with the weighted average term of debt of 3.5 years (2023: 4.4 years). Following the extension of Facility A in October 2025, the weighted average cost of debt is expected to increase to c.3.5% with the weighted average term of debt increasing to 4.6 years. Financial Performance Gross cash generation amounted to €148.6 million (2023: €196.7 million) equating to 2.0x dividend cover and a 11.6% return on the December 2023 NAV. Net cash generation, after taking account of project level debt repayments, amounted to €140.8m equating to 1.9x dividend cover. Dividends for the year were on target and amounted to 6.74 cents. Total cash amounted to €107.3 million with €56.1 million unrestricted and available for use which, combined with €241 million of RCF availability and predictable future cashflows, provides significant financial capacity going forward. Cash Movements and Dividend Cover For the year ended 31 December 2024 Net(1) €’m Gross(1) €’m Net cash generation 140.8 148.6 Dividends paid (75.2) (75.2) Investment activity(2) 19.1 19.1 Debt facilities(3) (72.6) (80.4) Buyback and related costs(4) (25.0) (25.0) Other(5) (22.7) (22.7) Movement in cash (35.6) (35.6) Opening cash balance 142.9 142.9 Ending cash balance 107.3 107.3 Dividend cover 1.9x 2.0x (1) Net column reflects cash generation stated net of scheduled project level debt repayments amounting to €7.8 million. (2) Investment activity representing acquisitions amounting to €27.5 million, disposals of €47.5 million, and transaction costs of €0.9 million. (3) Movement in debt facilities made up of €167.0 million of drawdowns less €238.0 million of repayments, €7.8 million project level debt repayment and €1.6 million in upfront finance costs. (4) 27,703,929 shares purchased at an average price of €0.90 per share. (5) Includes repayment of €18.8 million of government price cap related liabilities and €3.9 million of capital expenditure relating to existing assets. GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 12 INVESTMENT MANAGER’S REPORT continued (1) Excludes €17.0 million drawdown for South Meath. Net Cash Generation – Breakdown For the year ended 31 December 2024 Net €’m Gross €’m Revenue 357.2 357.2 Operating expenses(1) (149.3) (149.3) Implied EBITDA 207.9 207.9 Interest expense and finance costs(2) (43.0) (43.0) Project level debt repayment (7.8) – Tax(3) (16.3) (16.3) Net cash generation 140.8 148.6 (1) Operating expenses includes €12.1 million of management fees paid to the investment manager. (2) Includes project level interest expense amounting to €1.8 million. (3) Tax paid during the financial year, for both the consolidated group €4.9 million and operating SPV’s €11.4 million. Net Cash Generation – Reconciliation to Net Cash Flows from Operating Activities For the year ended 31 December 2024 Net €’m Gross €’m Net cash flows from operating activities(1) 86.6 86.6 Movement in cash balances of SPVs(2) (35.7) (35.7) SPV capex and PSO cashflow(3) 22.8 22.8 Realised loss on sale of investments(2) 12.6 12.6 Repayment of project level debt(2) – 7.8 Repayment of shareholder loan investment(1) 106.2 106.2 Movement in interest payable (10.5) (10.5) Finance costs(1) (41.2) (41.2) Net cash generation 140.8 148.6 (1) Refer to the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. Repayment of shareholder loan excludes Kokkoneva of €61.7 million. Finance costs excludes upfront costs of €1.7 million. (2) Refer to note 9. (3) Includes €3.9 million of capital expenditure relating to acquired SPV’s, €18.8 million of payments relating to government subsidies and €0.1m working capital adjustments not included within net cash generation. Portfolio Valuation The Company’s NAV represents the summation of the Group’s underlying investments, its other assets and liabilities including its cash resources net of Group debt. The primary driver of NAV is the valuation of the Group’s underlying investments. To provide visibility on underlying portfolio performance the Company has broken down the movement in NAV as set out in the tables below. NAV 31 December 2023 Net investment activity Movement in SPV valuation Movement in cash (Group and SPVs) Movement in other relevant assets/liabilities Movement in Aggregate Group Debt* NAV 31 December 2024 €1,279.4m €(12.8)m €(77.4)m €(35.6)m €(2.4)m €78.9m €1,230.0m Shares in issue 1,141,238,938 1,113,535,009 NAV/share (cent) 112.1 110.5 1,400.0 1,200.0 1,000.0 800.0 600.0 400.0 200.0 0.0 €’m (*) Movement in Aggregate Group Debt includes €17 million withdrawal for South Meath and €0.1 million of amortisation of PF debt swaps, and excludes €1.7 million of upfront finance costs. GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 13 STRATEGIC REPORT GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS INVESTMENT MANAGER’S REPORT Cent per share NAV as at 31 December 2023 112.1 Net cash generation 13.3 Dividend (6.7) Depreciation (5.8) Power price (0.2) Inflation 1.4 Movements in working capital(1) (2.7) P50 revision (1.1) Buyback 0.5 Other(2) (0.3) NAV as at 31 December 2024 110.5 (1) Includes 2023 constraint payments unwinding and working capital adjustments. (2) Includes updates to operating budget and impact of accretive disposal. As at 31 December 2024 €’000 As at 31 December 2023 €’000 DCF valuation 2,380,888 2,463,585 Other relevant assets (SPVs) 7,898 15,420 Cash (SPVs) 93,824 129,545 Fair value of investments(1) 2,482,610 2,608,550 Cash (Group) 13,479 13,378 Other relevant (liabilities)/assets (2,863) (419) GAV 2,493,226 2,621,509 Aggregate Group Debt(2) (1,263,221) (1,342,148) NAV 1,230,005 1,279,361 Shares in issue 1,113,535,009 1,141,238,938 NAV per share (cent) 110.5 112.1 (1) The fair value of investments excludes €79.2 million of debt and swap values held at SPV level that are not included in the equivalent figure in the consolidated Statement of Financial Position. (2) Aggregate Group debt includes €79.2 million of debt and swaps held at SPV level, term debt of €1,075.0 million and RCF debt of €109.0 million. NAV Assumptions Generation Generation of energy is based on a combination of statistical analyses performed by third parties calibrated against data gathered during the period of ownership. The Investment Manager assesses generation performance on a continual basis comparing internal and external data across multiple parameters. As explained in this report, changes amounting to 1.1 cents per share were made during the year. Discount Rates The base case discount rate is a blend of a lower discount rate applied to contracted cashflows and a higher discount rate applied to merchant cashflows. The blended portfolio unlevered discount rate at 31 December 2024 was 7.2%, representing a 10 bps increase from 31 December 2023. The DCF valuation is produced by aggregating the unlevered individual asset level discounted cashflows. The portfolio implied levered discount rate, based on a long-term gearing ratio of 40% and cost of debt of 4.7%, was 9.3%. Based on the Company’s cost ratio of c.1.2%, the implied levered equity net return to shareholders is c.8.1% assuming investment at NAV. Power Prices Short term power prices are based on the futures market with long term price forecasts being provided by reputable external market leading experts. The Group maintains a balanced approach to power price risk with 71% of total cash flows between 2025 and 2029 contracted. Further, contracted cash flows represent a total of 44% of the DCF value as at 31 December 2024. The table below illustrates the base case power price profile (before any PPA discounts) relating to the Company’s merchant revenues, showing stable prices over the short term before elevating to higher levels from 2027 onwards reflecting higher prices in locations where the Group has merchant exposure. 0 20 40 60 80 100 €/MWh (Real) Portfolio Merchant Captured Price (Portfolio Volume Weighted Average) GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 14 INVESTMENT MANAGER’S REPORT continued Inflation The Group’s inflation assumptions are based on individual central bank forecasts over the short term with an assumption of 2% over the long term, in line with European central bank forecasts. There were no changes to underlying inflation assumptions from 31 December 2023. NAV Sensitivity The Company performs regular sensitivity on its NAV adjusting key inputs to reflect a range of potential scenarios. The table below illustrates the impact to NAV of changes to key inputs. Discount rate (+/- 0.25%) Inflation rate (+/- 0.5%) Energy yield (10 year P90/P10) Power price (+/- 10%) Asset Life (+/- 5 years) Impact on NAV cent per share -20c -15c -10c -5c 0c 5c 10c 15c 20c Environmental, Social and Governance The Company is proud to make a direct and meaningful contribution to a more sustainable economy. Our current portfolio generates enough renewable electricity to avoid c.1.4 million tonnes(1) of CO2 emissions on an annualised basis. In addition to generating renewable energy, we continue to be dedicated to maintaining responsible investment practices and management of the Company’s assets and remain committed to best practice disclosures on sustainability, including reporting in accordance with SFDR Article 9 and TCFD requirements. Furthermore, 100% of the revenue of the Company’s underlying assets are aligned with the EU Taxonomy for Climate Change Mitigation. Climate related financial disclosures, as required under the FCA’s Product Level TCFD requirements (FCA Handbook, ESG 2.3), for the Company were published ahead of the 30th June deadline. Both the Greencoat Renewables PLC Product level disclosures and the Schroders Greencoat LLP Entity-level TCFD Report, as referenced in the Greencoat Renewables PLC product-level disclosure, are available here: https://www.schroders.com/en-gb/uk/ institutional/funds-and-strategies/tcfd- entity-and-product-reports/ Key highlights from 2024 include the funding of different initiatives totalling €1.3 million as part of the 2024 Community Benefit Fund, which directly supports and benefits communities in which we operate, including our support to Hare’s Corner for a second consecutive year. The report can be found on our website www.greencoat- renewables.com and we look forward to providing a detailed review of our ESG accomplishments in our 2024 ESG Report in Q2 2025. Health and safety Matters of health and safety are the number one priority for both the Group and the Investment Manager and subject to detailed monthly reporting underpinned by stringent governance procedures. As part of its evolving work programme, the Investment Manager performed all planned independent health and safety audits including its first ‘Wind Turbine Safety Rules’ and ‘Lifting Operations Audit’. In addition, the Investment Manager continued to ensure its teams received the very latest in training and support on health and safety best practice through a variety of means including attending the Wind Energy Ireland Health & Safety committee meetings and, for the first time, the G+ H&S conference(2). A total of 338 operational audits took place across the portfolio in 2024 as part of ongoing quality control efforts. A total of five lost time incidents equating to 119 workdays were recorded. Outlook The future for renewable energy infrastructure in Europe remains extremely attractive with unprecedented investment required to be deployed into a sector expected to grow to €1.3 trillion(3) by 2030 and increasing to €2.5 trillion(3) by 2050. As demand for clean energy accelerates at increased pace, we see a strong opportunity to continue to play a leading role in the European energy transition whilst remaining wholly focussed on the disciplined allocation of capital. With a highly cash generative portfolio and active asset management driving value creation, we are confident in our ability to continue delivering attractive risk adjusted returns for shareholders. (1) Estimated emissions avoided are calculated assuming that renewable energy generation replaces the marginal generator (i.e., the generation that is most likely to be displaced as the next dispatch option in the electricity system) in each region. The marginal generators in each country are listed here: combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) generation for Ireland and Spain, nuclear generation for France and Sweden, biomass generation for Finland, and coal generation for Germany. The “Operating margin” approach is the preferred option under PCAF guidance for measuring carbon avoided. Carbon emissions factors (gCO2/kWh) for the marginal generator in each region is sourced from an IEA dataset (2024). Nuclear carbon emissions factor is sourced from IPCC. (2) G+ is the global health and safety organisation bringing together the offshore wind industry to pursue shared goals and outcomes. (3) Aurora Energy Research (January 2024). GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 15 STRATEGIC REPORT GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS INVESTMENT MANAGER’S REPORT The Directors are of the opinion that the Board comprises an appropriate balance of skills, experience and diversity. The Board is comprised of individuals from relevant and complementary backgrounds offering experience in investment, financial and business skills, as well as in the energy sector, from both an investment and a commercial perspective. Rónán Murphy, Chairman Rónán Murphy, aged 66, was previously Senior Partner of PwC Ireland, a position he was elected to in 2007 and was re- elected to for a further 4-year term in July 2011. Rónán joined PwC in 1980, qualifying in 1982 and was admitted to the partnership in 1992. Rónán was a member of the PwC EMEA Leadership Board from 2010 to 2015. Rónán is also a non-executive director of Icon PLC. Rónán holds a Bachelor of Commerce degree and Masters in Business Studies from University College Dublin and is a Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants. Niamh Marshall, Chairwoman of the Audit Committee (appointed 25 April 2024) Niamh, aged 62, is an experienced professional having spent the majority of her career at KPMG Ireland as a senior audit partner. She was appointed as the first female Partner at KPMG Ireland in 1996 and held the position until 2022. Since then, Niamh has been appointed to a number of non-executive directorships to include Ulster Bank Ireland DAC and Kepak Holdings. In addition, she is a member of the Audit and Risk Committee of the Irish Rugby Football Union. Niamh holds a Bachelor of Commerce (Hons) from University College Dublin and is a Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accounts in Ireland. Kevin McNamara, Chairman of the Audit Committee (until 25 April 2024) Retired 31 December 2024 Kevin McNamara, aged 69, has more than 25 years’ experience in the energy sector. Kevin enjoyed a long career with ESB International, including leading the investment division of ESB International Investments. More recently Kevin was CFO of Amarenco Solar, a solar business focussed on the Irish and French markets and prior to this CEO of Airvolution Energy, a UK wind development business. Kevin holds a Bachelor of Commerce degree from University College Dublin and is a Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants. Committee Membership Director Audit Committee Remuneration Committee Nomination Committee Management Executive Committee Rónán Murphy No Yes Yes Yes Niamh Marshall Yes Yes Yes Yes Kevin McNamara Yes Yes Yes Yes Emer Gilvarry Yes Yes Yes Yes Marco Graziano Yes Yes Yes Yes Eva Lindqvist Yes Yes Yes Yes GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 16 BOARD OF DIRECTORS Marco Graziano Marco Graziano, aged 66, has more than 35 years’ of worldwide experience in the energy sector, with a demonstrated track record of driving growth and profitability managing large organisations. He served as both executive and non-executive director in a number of companies in Europe, Africa, Middle East and Latin America. After many years with the French multinationals Alstom and Areva, more recently he was President of South Europe, MENA and LATAM for Vestas Wind Syst. Marco holds a doctorate degree in mechanical engineering from Genoa University. Eva Lindqvist Eva, aged 66, has more than 30 years’ extensive international experience in telecoms and infrastructure, having worked for more than 30 years across these sectors. She spent the majority of her career at Ericsson where she held a number of senior management positions. In 2007, she was appointed CEO of Xelerated Holdings AB, an international technology company specialising in semi- conductors, where she held the position until 2011. Since then, she has held a number of Chair and non-executive director roles, including Bodycote plc, Keller Group plc and Tele2 AB. Eva graduated with a Master of Science in Engineering and Applied Physics from the Linkoping Institute of Technology and holds an MBA from the University of Melbourne, along with being a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences. Emer Gilvarry, Senior Independent Director Emer Gilvarry, aged 66, was the Managing Partner of Mason Hayes & Curran for two consecutive terms from 2008 to 2014. From 2014 until 2018, Emer took over the role of Chair of the firm. She is also a former Head of the firm’s Litigation Group (2001 to 2008). Emer is a former Board member of Aer Lingus. Emer is also a non-executive director of Kerry Group PLC and a Patron of Chapter Zero (a chapter for the education of non- executive directors in sustainability). Emer holds a Bachelor of Law degree from University College Dublin (BCL). Other Irish Public Company Directorships In addition to their directorships of the Company, the below Directors currently hold the following Irish public company directorships: Rónán Murphy Icon PLC Emer Gilvarry Kerry Group PLC The Directors, with the exception of Kevin McNamara, who retired from the Board on 31 December 2024, have offered themselves for re-election / election and resolutions concerning this will be proposed at the 2025 Annual General Meeting. Conflicts of Interest The Directors have declared any conflicts or potential conflicts of interest to the Board of Directors which has the authority to approve such situations. The Company Secretary maintains the Register of Directors’ Conflicts of Interests which is reviewed quarterly by the Board and when changes are notified. The Directors advise the Company Secretary and the Board as soon as they become aware of any conflicts of interest. Directors who have conflicts of interest do not take part in discussions which relate to any of their conflicts. GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 17 STRATEGIC REPORT GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS BOARD OF DIRECTORS GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 18 DIRECTORS‘ REPORT The Directors present their Annual Report, together with the consolidated financial statements of Greencoat Renewables PLC for the year ended 31 December 2024. Principal Activity and Business Review A detailed account of performance and a review of the business in the period are covered in the Investment Manager’s Report on pages 6 to 15. Results for the Year The consolidated financial statements for the financial year ended 31 December 2024 are set out in detail on pages 47 to 77 including the results for the year which are set out in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income on page 47. Future Developments The Group’s outlook is discussed in the Investment Manager’s Report on pages 6 to 15. Investment Objective The Company’s aim is to provide attractive risk-adjusted returns to shareholders through an annual dividend (target of 6.81 cent per share for 2025) that increases progressively whilst growing the capital value of its investment portfolio. The Company is targeting an IRR of 7% to 8% (net of expenses and fees) on the issue price of the ordinary shares to be achieved over the longer term via active management of the investment portfolio, reinvestment of excess cash flows and the prudent use of leverage. Investment Policy The Company owns and operates a portfolio of renewable energy generation assets in Ireland and continental Europe, through its subsidiaries, where there is a stable and robust renewable energy policy framework. Over time, the Company aims to achieve diversification principally through investing in a growing portfolio of assets across a number of distinct geographies and a mix of renewable energy technologies. The Company, through its underlying subsidiaries, seeks to invest in assets with robust contractual structures that deliver long-term predictable cash flows with the potential for asset management led value creation. The Company makes prudent use of leverage, including the use of revolving credit facilities, to finance the acquisition of investments and to achieve target returns. The Company will generally avoid raising debt at subsidiary level and seeks to borrow at holding company level on more advantageous terms. The Company may raise debt from banks and capital markets as it deems appropriate. To the extent debt facilities are not re-financed, it is intended they are repaid in full or in part, in normal market conditions, through a combination of operating cash flows and equity capital. Group Structure and Share Capital The Company is incorporated in the Republic of Ireland. The Group is wholly independent and is not tied to any particular utility or developer. All of the ordinary shares in the Company are quoted on the Euronext Growth Market of Euronext Dublin and on the AIM of the London Stock Exchange. The Group comprises of Greencoat Renewables PLC, Greencoat Renewables 1 Holdings Limited, Greencoat Renewables 2 Holdings Limited and GR Wind Farms 1 Limited. GR Wind Farms 1 Limited invests in the underlying portfolio companies and Greencoat Renewables 2 Holdings Limited is the borrowing entity of all third-party debt facilities at Group level. The Company has one class of ordinary shares, which carry no rights to fixed income. Shareholders are entitled to all dividends paid by the Company and, on a winding up, provided the Company has satisfied all of its liabilities, the shareholders are entitled to all of the surplus assets of the Company. All shareholders have the same voting rights in respect of the share capital of the Company. Shareholders are entitled to attend and vote at general meetings of the Company and, on a poll, to one vote for each ordinary share held. The rights and obligations to the ordinary shares are set out in the Company’s articles of association which are available on the Company’s website: www.greencoat-renewables.com. Authority to Purchase Own Shares The current authority of the Company to make market purchases of up to 14.99% of its issued share capital expires at the conclusion of every AGM. A special resolution will be proposed at the forthcoming AGM seeking renewal of such authority until the date of the next AGM (or the date which is 15 months after the passing of such resolution, whichever is earlier). The purchases will only be made for cash at prices below the estimated prevailing NAV per share and where the Board believes such purchases will result in an increase of the NAV per share. Any shares repurchased under this authority will either be cancelled or held in treasury at the discretion of the Board for future resale in appropriate market conditions. The Directors believe that the renewal of the Company’s authority to purchase shares, as detailed above, is in the best interests of shareholders as a whole and therefore recommend shareholders to vote in favour of the special resolution. Discount Control As part of the Company’s discount control policies, the Board intends to propose a continuation vote by shareholders if the share price trades at a significant discount to NAV. If in any financial year, the shares have traded on average, at a discount in excess of 10% or more to the NAV per share in any financial year, the Board will propose a special resolution at the Company’s next annual general meeting that the Company cease to continue in its present form. Notwithstanding this, the Board could consider buying back its own shares in the market if the share price is trading at a material discount to NAV, providing it is in the interests of the shareholders to do so. In the year ended 31 December 2024, shares have traded on average, at a discount of 20% to the NAV and therefore, the Board will propose a vote on continuation. Major Interests in Shares Significant shareholdings as at 31 December 2024 are detailed below: Shareholder Ordinary shares held % as at 31 December 2024 BlackRock Inc 9.5% KBI Global Investors 8.0% FIL Investment International 6.5% Newton Investment Management 5.1% Brewin Dolphin Wealth Management 5.0% Irish Life Investment Managers 4.5% Davy Stockbroker 4.0% Schroders 3.6% Cantor Fitzgerald 3.5% M&G Investment Management 3.2% Prince of Liechtenstein Foundation (LGT) 3.1% GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 19 STRATEGIC REPORT GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Companies Act 2014 Disclosures The Directors disclose the following information: • the Company’s capital structure is detailed in note 16 of the consolidated financial statements and all shareholders have the same voting rights in respect of the share capital of the Company. There are no restrictions on voting rights that the Company is aware of, nor any agreement between holders of securities that result in restrictions on the transfer of securities or on voting rights; • there are no securities carrying special rights with regard to the control of the Company; • the Company does not have an employees’ share scheme; • the rules concerning the appointment and replacement of Directors are contained in the Company’s Articles of Association and the Companies Act, 2014; and • there are no agreements between the Company and its Directors providing for compensation for loss of office that may occur because of a takeover bid. Key Performance Indicators The Board believes that the key metrics detailed on page 3, which are typical for renewables infrastructure investment funds, will provide shareholders with sufficient information to assess how effectively the Group is meeting its objectives. Ongoing Charges 31 December 2024 31 December 2023 €000 % €000 % Management fee 11,862 0.92% 12,369 0.96% Directors’ fees 616 0.05% 472 0.04% Ongoing expenses 2,759 0.21% 2,348 0.18% Total 15,237 1.18% 15,189 1.18% Weighted Average NAV 1,253,401 1,284,821 • Based on the 31 December 2024 NAV of €1,230 million, the total ongoing charges ratio is 1.24% of NAV. • Assuming no change in NAV, the 2025 ongoing charges ratio is expected to be 1.22%. • The Investment Manager is not paid any performance or acquisition fees. Directors’ Indemnity Directors’ and Officers’ liability insurance cover is in place in respect of the Directors. The Company’s Articles of Association provide, subject to the provisions of Ireland and UK legislation, an indemnity for Directors in respect of costs which they may incur relating to the defence of any proceedings brought against them arising out of their positions as Directors, in which they are acquitted, or judgement is given in their favour by the Court. Except for such indemnity provisions in the Company’s Articles of Association and in the Directors’ letters of appointment, there are no qualifying third-party indemnity provisions in force. Environmental, Social and Governance The Group invests solely in renewable energy assets and the environmental benefits of renewable energy generation, reducing the emission of greenhouse gases and other pollutants into the atmosphere, are well understood. The Company is proud to play a critical role in helping to achieve key renewable energy targets whilst generating returns for investors, as well as contributing to the transition to a broader net zero economy and global climate change mitigation objectives. Whilst recent changes in global politics may result in some regional divergences in terms of commitments to climate change mitigation and net zero, we are confident that Europe remains committed to its climate goals and therefore that the long-term investment case for energy transition and renewable energy infrastructure remains robust, contributing to climate change mitigation. Equally, it is more important than ever that the Company continues to communicate to its stakeholders the many benefits associated with its renewable energy investments, including financial returns, energy security and the support of affordable clean energy. The Group now owns and operates 1.5GW of installed wind and solar energy generation capacity across 5 countries. During 2024, the portfolio generated renewable electricity capable of powering c.775,000(1) homes and avoiding an estimated 1.4 million tonnes of CO2 (2). Through acquiring operational solar and wind farms from third parties, the Board believes that this allows capital to be recycled into further renewable energy projects. Generating renewable electricity and enabling capital recycling are considered to contribute to Sustainable Development Goal 7 by ensuring access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all, and SDG 13 in taking urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts. The Company recognises that its long- term success is tied to the effective management of environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) factors associated to its business, in particular those that are material to its shareholders and stakeholders. Although the non-executive Board has overall responsibility for the activities of the Company and its investments, the day-to-day management of the business is delegated to the Investment Manager which includes responsibility for ESG matters. In collaboration, the Board and the Investment Manager assess how ESG should be managed, and the Company has developed its ESG policy in accordance with the Investment Manager’s ESG policy. The commitments set out in the ESG Policy are applied to all investments made by the Group. Appropriate processes are in place to ensure ongoing compliance of investee companies with the ESG Policy, as well as other policies of the Investment Manager including its Supply Chain Policy, Modern Slavery and Human Trafficking Statement and its Supplier Code of Conduct. The Investment Manager’s ESG Policy outlines the Group’s approach to responsible investing and other sustainability-related matters, including the environmental standards which it aims to meet. The commitments set out in the Policy include its commitment to adopting the Principles for Responsible Investment, its commitment to industry initiatives such as the Net Zero Asset Managers initiative (“NZAM”) and the Task Force for Climate-related Financial Disclosures, and its approach to integrating sustainability risks into investment processes. The Investment Manager is aware of NZAM’s internal review and held a meeting with the initiative in January 2025 to gain a clearer understanding of their next steps. We will engage with the initiative to support the DIRECTORS‘ REPORT (1) The number of homes powered is based on the average annual household energy consumption in each region, using the latest reported figures, and reflects the portfolio’s annual electricity generation for each region in which the Company owns assets. (2) Estimated emissions avoided are calculated assuming that renewable energy generation replaces the marginal generator (i.e., the generation that is most likely to be displaced as the next dispatch option in the electricity system) in each region. The marginal generators in each country are listed here: combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) generation for Ireland and Spain, nuclear generation for France and Sweden, biomass for Finland, and coal generation for Germany. The “Operating margin” approach is the preferred option under PCAF guidance for measuring carbon avoided. Carbon emissions factors (gCO2/kWh) for the marginal generator in each region is sourced from an IEA dataset (2024). Nuclear carbon emissions factor is sourced from IPCC. GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 20 revision of its commitments in a manner that we believe reflects our shareholders’ best interests. All investments and operations in 2024 were aligned with the ESG Policy of the Company and the Investment Manager. The Company’s full ESG policy and its ESG report are available on the Company’s website: www.greencoat-renewables.com. Detailed disclosure on the Company’s governance structure and activities can be found in the Corporate Governance Report on pages 31 to 37. Task Force on Climate Related Disclosures TCFD was established in 2015, with the goal of developing consistent disclosure standards for companies, to enable investors and other stakeholders to assess the companies’ climate related financial risk. The premise of such climate related financial disclosures is that financial markets need clear, comprehensive, high-quality information on the impacts of climate change. This includes the risks and opportunities presented by rising temperatures, climate related policy and emerging technologies in a changing world. The Company made its first disclosure under TCFD in its 2020 Annual Report. Having implemented the TCFD recommendations for the first time in 2021, the Company continues to evolve and improve its implementation of such recommendations with support from the Investment Manager’s ESG Committee and Sustainability Team. Areas of particular focus for continued improvement in disclosures include climate scenario analysis and the quantification of climate-related risks. 1. Governance The Board is responsible for the determination of the Company’s Investment Objective and Investment Policy. It also oversees the management of the Company and its investments, including ESG and climate related risks and opportunities. The Board delegates the day-to-day management of the business, including management of ESG matters, to the Investment Manager. The Audit Committee considers the Company’s climate related disclosures in its Annual Report. As discussed in the Corporate Governance Report on pages 31 to 37, the Company’s approach to governance is to manage risk through robust processes and controls and to ensure best practices are in place to support its growing business. It does this through regular meetings between the Board and the Investment Manager where risk management of the Company and its investments are considered and discussed. Climate related risks are covered during these discussions, as they naturally arise from the Group’s underlying investments and include discussion on developments in European energy policy, weather patterns and how the Company’s strategy can further support the energy transition. A risk matrix, that includes climate-related risks, is maintained by the Investment Manager and reviewed and approved by the Board on an annual basis. In addition, the Investment Manager has its own ESG Committee that meets regularly to discuss ESG and climate related risks relating to the Group and other funds it manages. This committee has implemented an ESG Policy that looks to establish best practice in climate related risk management, reporting and transparency, amongst other commitments. Paul O’Donnell is a member of this committee, which is also attended by other colleagues involved in the management of the Group’s assets, and therefore remains well informed and involved with ESG and climate related discussions which may impact the Company or the Group. Representatives from the Investment Manager also sit on the Boards of the SPV companies, which meet on a regular basis to discuss ESG and climate related risk management. 2. Strategy As a significant investor in renewable energy infrastructure in Europe, the Group’s growth has been achieved through the acquisition and operation of renewable energy generation assets with stable revenues backed predominately by government support mechanisms. The Company’s strategy and Investment Policy of acquiring operating wind and solar capacity in the secondary market, enables developers and utilities to recycle capital, facilitating further renewable build-out and thus plays an important role in increasing generating capacity and the decarbonisation of the energy systems in line with European governments’ Net Zero ambitions. Overall, the Board considers that the decarbonisation of the economy will continue to present a significant investment opportunity, despite recent political changes, and the size of the Company’s growth will be related to the success of the sector and the engagement of its stakeholders. The Company’s strategy is well aligned for the transition to a low carbon economy. The Company also recognises, however, that there are relatively material short- term and medium to long-term transition risks that could impact its financial performance. The Company seeks to manage and mitigate these risks where they are material. The following tables summarise the principal opportunities and risks identified by the Company and detail, where relevant, how it manages the risks or opportunities. DIRECTORS‘ REPORT continued GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 21 STRATEGIC REPORT GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS DIRECTORS‘ REPORT Opportunities Climate opportunity category Transition – policy Climate issue Opportunities Company Response Regulation and policy supporting renewable energy generation Government net zero targets are expected to result in supportive policy incentives for the renewable energy sector. They are also expected to lead to increased use of lower emission sources of energy and a shift towards de-centralised energy production, increasing the demand for operational renewable energy assets. The Company expects the decarbonisation of the European economy to continue to present a significant investment opportunity in the short and medium term (0-15 years) and the size of the Company’s growth will be related to the success of the sector and the engagement of its stakeholders. Across Ireland and its targeted jurisdictions in Continental Europe, the Company expects transformational growth of renewable capacity to be in operation by 2030. Despite market volatility in 2024, the Company sees value-accretive opportunities for growth, benefiting from its execution track record, relationships with developers and potential asset vendors and the ability to transact at scale. Climate opportunity category Transition – market opportunity Climate issue Opportunities Company Response Demand for renewable energy generation Corporate and government net zero targets continue to lead to procurement of renewable energy by businesses and consumers, increasing the demand for corporate Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) and Guarantees of Origin certificates. Alongside net zero targets, companies are also increasingly cognizant of the commercial and energy security benefits of renewable energy generation. An increase in demand for PPAs provides the Group with an option to fix power prices over the short to medium term, should it decide to do so, and thus also mitigate price volatility. An increase in demand for renewable energy also supports power prices for renewable generation assets. Climate opportunity category Transition – products and services Climate issue Opportunities Company Response Investor interest in renewable energy funds Asset Owners are increasingly expected by regulators and beneficiaries to disclose on their allocation to climate solutions and plans on how they intend to transition their portfolios in a changing climate. This may include the setting of targets for investments in climate solutions such as renewable energy assets. Increased investor interest in renewable energy funds could lead to lower cost of capital and enable greater capital raises to support the long-term growth and M&A activities of the Company. There is continued investor interest in companies that support investors in meeting their net zero and climate ambitions. The opportunities associated with climate commitments have become more complex in recent months following political changes and announcements of certain asset owners and managers withdrawing from net zero related initiatives. The Company considers the European regulatory and legislative environment to be supportive of the development and operation of renewable and energy transition assets, thereby supporting long term investment. The Company works to engage with the market and investors to explain the positive role that renewable energy generation plays in the energy transition, alongside the generation of financial returns and the role these investments play in supporting energy security and energy pricing goals. Risks Climate risk category Transition – policy Climate issue Risks Company Response Retrospective changes to policies providing financial support to renewable energy There is a risk that EU governments retrospectively change the financial support for the renewable energy sector. Retrospective changes to such financial support, could have a material adverse effect on the business, financial position, results, future growth prospects as well as returns to investors. The Company recognises that there may be retrospective changes by EU governments to financial support for the renewable energy sector in the short to medium term (0-15 years). Although the Company’s portfolio is well diversified across EU markets, the Company keeps abreast of developments in international support for renewable energy and assesses the impact of any changes and, where possible, responds to changes when and if they happen. The Investment Manager is also actively engaged in consultation with both industry and governments where it has strong existing relationships with industry bodies and policy makers. As the Company’s growth strategy is implemented, all new jurisdictions are risk assessed during the acquisition process. This includes government policy, regulatory and political factors. GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 22 Climate risk category Transition – technology Climate issue Risks Company Response Substitution of existing renewable generation with lower emissions options There is a risk that significant technological developments in low carbon alternative technologies result in cheaper and/or more efficient alternatives to the current solar and wind portfolio making the technology less commercially competitive resulting in reduced government policy and financial support, and reduced revenues. The Company considers the likelihood of this risk materialising in the short to medium term (0-15 years) to be low because of the time that it takes for technologies to mature in the market. A significant portion of the portfolio has the benefit of supportive government regulatory frameworks which includes financial support which provides long term pricing certainty. The Group has also been in operation since 2017 and has a proven track record across the EU in investment in renewable technologies and new areas of the market. The Investment Manager continues to track the technical maturity and the associated costs and investment opportunities of new renewable technologies. Climate risk category Physical – acute Climate issue Risks Company Response Increase in extreme weather events Europe has witnessed an increase in recent years of extreme weather events including flooding, heatwaves, long periods of freezing temperatures, and storms including high wind speeds. Because wind and solar assets are dependent on wind and sun conditions, extreme weather events have the potential to disrupt operations, impacting cash flows and resulting in lower electricity volumes and revenue than expected, and to damage assets resulting in increased operating costs or insurance premiums. The Company considers the impact of such risks to its portfolio to be low in the short term (<5 years). The current portfolio of wind farms are designed to withstand extreme weather conditions and to take advantage of varying weather patterns across the jurisdictions where they are located. The Investment Manager does not consider an increase in flooding to pose significant issues to the Company’s wind portfolio. The Company’s solar asset, although immaterial relative to the overall portfolio, may increase the potential risk of damage associated with extreme wind or flooding for the Company. To mitigate risks associated with extreme weather events, the Company ensures that the development stage of each project includes a technical assessment of the key risks including location and site suitability in relation to high winds, temperatures, and other climate related risks. Technological solutions are also sought, such as de-icing solutions for wind turbines operating in regions at risk of extreme cold or structural improvements for solar farms. The Investment Manager also procures property damage and business interruption insurance should operations be disrupted, or assets be damaged. In addition, there are warranties and performance guarantees in place to cover failed equipment in the short term. Climate risk category Physical – chronic Climate issue Risks Company Response Changing weather patterns Climate change has the potential to change weather patterns materially in the coming decades. This could result in lower average wind speeds or more frequent periods of lower wind, reducing the generation capacity of wind turbines or increasing the intermittency of wind power generation. Changing weather patterns could also lead to a decline in solar irradiation and increased cloud cover for regions in which the assets operate. This could lead to reduced revenues or reduced demand for wind or solar power generation. The Company considers the potential impact in the medium to long term (5-30 years) of changing weather patterns on its activities to be uncertain. Due diligence has been carried out by the Investment Manager on relevant historical wind and solar data over a substantial period. Historically, any changes in weather patterns have been very slow and would have a negligible impact over the life of an asset. Climate modelling indicates that future weather patterns may change in different regions and could have a positive or negative impact on renewable generation depending on the extent of the temperature changes. Having a wide geographic footprint across Europe mitigates this risk. The Investment Manager continues to closely track the generation performance of assets and to mitigate impacts as much as possible. Any prolonged negative impacts, however, would reduce the return from that asset and would therefore affect the Net Asset Value. The Investment Manager continues to investigate physical climate risk modelling solutions to better understand the potential physical climate scenarios that might unfold and the implications for wind and for the Company. DIRECTORS‘ REPORT continued Risks continued GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 23 STRATEGIC REPORT GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Climate Scenarios The Company recognises the requirement under the TCFD for considering the resilience of its strategy under different climate related scenarios, including a 2°C or lower scenario. The Board has considered the potential impact of a high transition risk scenario on its strategy and sets out high-level conclusions below. The scenario was developed including wholesale electricity price data from a leading market consultant. To meet the FCA’s product level TCFD disclosure requirements, the Company will publish a separate report on the Investment Manager’s website before 30 June 2025. This will include information relating to an assessment of the potential impacts of specific transition scenarios as listed in the FCA Handbook. Transition risk scenario Transition risks are associated with the pace and extent at which society adapts and mitigates the risk of climate change. Transition risks can occur when moving to a greener economy has adverse impacts on certain sectors, due to policy, legal, market or technological shifts. The Board and the Investment Manager continue to believe that the key factor that could impact the Company in the transition to a lower carbon economy is the variability of long-term prices for wholesale electricity. In a lower carbon economy, where considerable buildout of renewable generation capacity will be required, there is a risk that the renewable energy power price could be negatively impacted. The Company has assessed the potential impact of an orderly high transition risk scenario using a third-party Net Zero model built by leading power market experts. The model sets out how electricity prices and the market may develop in line with meeting the legislated target of net-zero emissions by 2050. The model includes a consideration of current and future policies needed to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050 as well as the expected technological developments and resulting commodity price forecasts for a global <2 °C outlook. In this high transition risk scenario, in which global temperature increases are limited to only 1.5ºC to 2ºC (most typically associated with net zero), it is assumed that European governments are successful in implementing Net Zero plans albeit energy systems decarbonise later than targeted. In this scenario, the long- term power price is lower than the base case used to calculate the Company’s NAV. The lower long term power price, provided by the power market expert applying the net zero scenario, reflects the wider deployment of low marginal cost renewable generation capacity, partially offset by the expected increase in demand for renewable energy consumption linked to the deployment of electrolysers as part of a growing hydrogen economy, and the rapid electrification of transport and heat and the build-out of data centres. Modelling the lower long term power price under this scenario would equate to approximately a 29 cent reduction in NAV per share compared to the base case long term power price currently used to forecast power prices. To manage this risk, as mentioned in the table above, a large proportion of the Group’s revenues are contracted in stable economies. The base case long term power price assumes significant renewable generation deployment and other measures to reduce carbon emissions, it represents the independent consultant’s best estimate of likely outturn. The precise long-term effect on power price of any measures (in the base case and in the high transition risk scenario) is highly uncertain and is highly dependent on multiple factors, including but not limited to, future government policy, electricity market design, deployment of renewables and a reduction in demand. Physical risk scenario The Company previously completed a full suite of physical risk modelling for ten representative assets in the Portfolio. The chosen hazard modelling reflected the climate related change in the level of hazard exposure of an asset over time (2030 to 2090) relative to a historical baseline. The hazards included Temperature Extremes, Coastal Flooding, Fluvial Flooding, Tropical Cyclone, Wildfire and Water Stress. The modelling incorporates scenarios based on the Representative Concentration Pathways from the International Panel on climate change which were chosen to represent a broad range of climate outcomes. The output from the analysis showed that albeit a low risk to the portfolio, the highest physical risks to the portfolio were due to temperature extremes and fluvial flooding in the various time horizons. 3. Risk Management As a full scope UK AIFM, the Investment Manager has established a Risk Management Committee that meets on a quarterly basis to discuss, amongst other matters, the risk framework of the Group and investee companies, including processes for identifying, assessing and managing climate related risks. The risk matrix reviewed and applied by the Board and by the Manager includes climate-related risks which are in many instances intrinsically linked to strategic, financial and investment risks. All risks identified, including climate- related risks are assessed based on likelihood, impact and mitigation. The risk assessment is done on a mostly qualitative basis by the Investment Manager, although the Group continues to consider how quantitative measures might be used to support climate-related risk assessment such as the Climate Scenarios as above. The risk matrix is then presented to the Board for discussion and approval by the Audit Committee on an annual basis. The process may result in a change in strategy if required, as determined by the Board. A summary of the key climate-related risks is provided on page 21. To ensure strong performance and risk mitigation, the Group has specific oversight on environmental and social issues, including climate change. It reinforces this oversight with a range of activities, including: • appointing at least one director from the Investment Manager to the boards of the companies, to ensure monitoring and influence of both financial and ESG performance, including climate related risks and opportunities; and • carrying out due diligence during the acquisition of new assets in accordance with the Investment Manager’s established procedures and ESG Policy which requires an analysis of climate issues. The Investment Manager’s Investment Committee comprises experienced senior managers from across the business. Whilst making investment decisions, due consideration is given to climate related risks as well as to opportunities identified during due diligence. A formal ESG checklist is also considered by the Investment Committee in the approval process of any new investment. 4. Metrics and Targets The Company considers its climate related metrics in the wider context of its sustainability performance in accordance with the ESG Policy which includes the following indicators measuring the positive climate-related contribution made by the Company: • Renewable energy generation. • CO2 savings. • Equivalent number of homes powered. DIRECTORS‘ REPORT GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 24 Given the size of the Group’s investment portfolio in various geographies at 31 December 2024, the portfolio’s CO2 emissions avoided is considered to be in excess of 1.4 million tonnes per annum. The portfolio also generated sufficient electricity to power over 775,000 homes per annum. The Company’s Scope 1, Scope 2 and Scope 3 greenhouse gas emissions(1) and carbon intensity metrics, per TCFD recommendations, are disclosed below: Year ended 31 December 2024 Year ended 31 December 2023 Metric Definition Scope Value Value Total carbon emissions The absolute greenhouse gas emissions of a portfolio, expressed in tonnes CO2e (1) Scope 1 243 273 Scope 2 (location based) 1,391 941 Scope 2 (market based) 329 429 Scope 3 (2) 69,868 238,760 Carbon footprint Total carbon emissions for a portfolio normalised by the market value of the portfolio, expressed in tonnes CO2e/€M invested (3) Scope 1 & 2 0.23 0.3 Scope 3 27.7 96.9 Total (1, 2 & 3) 28.0 97.2 Weighted Average Carbon Intensity (WACI) Portfolio exposure to carbon- intensive companies, expressed in tonnes CO2e/€M revenue (3) Scope 1 & 2 1.39 1.95 Scope 3 436 8,146 Total (1,2 & 3) 437 8,148 Activity based carbon intensity Total carbon emissions for a portfolio normalised by the renewable electricity generation of the portfolio, expressed in tonnes CO2e/MWh (4) Scope 1 & 2 0.0002 0.0002 Scope 3 0.0674 0.3217 Total (1,2 & 3) 0.0676 0.3219 (1) Carbon footprint indicators are measured in line with the industry standard GHG Protocol based on an equity ownership approach, meaning emissions from the Group’s operations are weighted according to the Company or its subsidiary entities ownership interest. Scope emissions calculations are verified by third party consultants. The sustainability indicators are subject to an annual review to ensure that the Investment Manager continues to improve transparency on ESG matters. (2) Scope 3 emissions are the result of activities from assets not owned or controlled by the Group, but that the Group indirectly impacts in its value chain. Scope 3 emissions include all sources not within the Group’s Scope 1 and 2 boundary and include, inter alia, emissions arising from the construction of each asset acquired in 2023, including those emissions associated with the manufacturing and transport of all equipment and material, before the asset was commissioned as well as the expected spare part provision throughout its lifetime. (3) Calculations for metrics can be found in the EU SFDR disclosures on pages 95 to 96. (4) This metric applies a weighted average approach. The Investment Manager believes this metric is most relevant to the investment strategy and investments. Climate related risks and further metric disclosures can be found in the Company’s ESG report available on the Company’s website: www.greencoat-renewables.com. Targets The Company has not set a carbon emissions reduction target as it is solely focused on operating renewable energy infrastructure assets and considers that the emissions generated are immaterial relative to the emissions avoided by the portfolio on an annual basis. Indeed, the Board believes that the most material role of the Company in the transition to a Net Zero economy is to continue to invest in operating renewable energy assets and to continue growing its renewable energy portfolio. The Investment Manager has been a signatory to the NZAM since 2021. NZAM is an international group of asset managers committed to supporting the goal of net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 or sooner. In 2022, the Investment Manager established a Net Zero Policy, formalising a commitment to cut the intensity of its Scope 1 and 2 emissions by 50 per cent by 2030. With support from the Investment Manager, the Company will work to develop a plan in line with evolving requirements and best practice in this regard, including how it intends to reduce its carbon footprint to support the Investment Manager’s commitment whilst, most importantly, continuing to grow its portfolio and avoid carbon emissions as a result of its generation activities. Continuing to grow its portfolio and avoid carbon emissions as a result of its generation activities. Sustainable Financial Disclosure Regulation The Company continues to provide disclosures under Article 9 of the EU SFDR and to make sustainable investments by implementing its investment processes and commitments, as set out in the Company’s SFDR Annex 3 pre-contractual disclosures. Periodic disclosures required under Article 9, including a statement on the principal adverse impacts of investment decisions on sustainability factors, can be found in the 2024 Annual Report. Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive The Company sought external counsel to understand potential requirements of the Company under CSRD. It was confirmed that the Company is not in scope of the legislation, but two holding companies are in scope. The Investment Manager has made the holding company boards aware of this. The operators of the relevant companies are working to prepare the holding companies to meet the reporting requirements from 2026. DIRECTORS‘ REPORT continued GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 25 STRATEGIC REPORT GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS DIRECTORS‘ REPORT ESG Report The Company publishes an annual standalone ESG Report. This provides further information on how the Group approaches responsible investment and ESG matters, in addition to case studies and ESG performance. The Company’s ESG Report for 2024 will be published on its website in Q2 2025. All ESG reports are available on the Company’s website: www.greencoat-renewables.com Employees and Officers of the Company The Company does not have any employees but instead engages experienced third parties to operate the assets that it owns, therefore employee policies are not required. The Directors of the Company are listed on pages 16 and 17. Diversity The Group’s policy on diversity is detailed in the Corporate Governance Report on pages 31 to 37. Principal Risks and Risk Management The Investment Manager maintains a risk matrix considering the risks affecting both the Group and the investee companies. This risk matrix is reviewed and updated annually by the Investment Manager to ensure that risks, including emerging risks are identified and mitigated. The risk matrix is presented to the Board on an annual basis who carry out a robust assessment of the risks facing the Group including those principal risks that would threaten its business model, future performance, solvency or liquidity. In addition, each risk register relating to investee companies is reviewed, updated regularly and approved by the respective investee company directors. The risk appetite of the Group is considered in light of its principal risks and how they align with the Company’s investment objective and policy. As it is not possible to eliminate risks completely, the purpose of the Group’s risk management policies and procedures is not to eliminate risks, but to reduce them to ensure that the Group is adequately prepared to respond to such risks and to minimise any impact if the risk develops. The Board considers the following to be the principal risks faced by the Company along with the potential impact of these risks and the steps taken to mitigate them. Key Risks Risk Description Mitigants Generation underperformance Power generation is estimated using statistics that are susceptible to change. Power generation is dictated by wind, radiance and availability of alternatives. Power generated cannot be supplied to the grid due to supply demand imbalances. Power generated cannot be supplied due to technical issues with equipment. Power generation is impacted by the presence of negative pricing. • The Company acquires assets based on detailed statistical availability analyses. • The Company routinely reviews its P50 assumptions. • The Company’s asset management teams monitor wind and radiance availability and deliver initiatives that positively impact generation. • The Company’s performs detailed grid connection diligence prior to acquisition. • The Company actively applies for firm grid connection where available. • The Company actively engages with grid operators to understand and minimise the impact of constraints. • The Company turns down its assets in periods of negative pricing. Power price fluctuation Materially lower power prices negatively impact earnings and overall returns. • The Company’s forecasts show material excess cashflow over and above contractual outflows. • The Company maintains a balanced approach to price risk with 71% of its cash flows currently contracted through to 2029. Concentration of assets Power generation is adversely affected as a result of assets being located in one geographical area. • The Company’s assets are geographically dispersed across 5 European countries. • As the portfolio grows, the benefit of diversification is expected to increase. Changes in regulation and market redesign Unforeseen changes in regulation and EU market redesign could adversely impact the financial position of the Company. • The Company only invests in European countries with strong and stable governments and market regulatory bodies. • The EU continues to promote renewables as its long term source of energy. Interest rate movement Interest rate movements may make debt financing unattractive or unavailable resulting in a negative impact on returns. • The Company enters into medium term debt facilities. • The Company actively manages its exposure to interest rate movement by entering into swap agreements. Inflation movement Increases in inflation may not be reflected in revenues leading to reduced margins and profitability. • The Company benefits from a high percentage of its revenues escalating through set uplifts or specific links to inflation or other forms of indexation. • Operating expenditure is typically index linked with the Company’s scale providing it with purchasing power. GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 26 DIRECTORS‘ REPORT continued Disclosure of Information to Independent Auditor The Directors believe that they have taken all steps necessary to make themselves aware of any relevant audit information and have established that the Group Statutory Auditors are aware of that information. In so far as they are aware at the time that this report was approved, there is no relevant audit information of which the Group Statutory Auditors are unaware. Independent Auditor BDO, Statutory Audit Firm, have expressed their willingness to continue in office in accordance with Section 383 of the Companies Act, 2014. The Directors will propose the reappointment of BDO as the Company’s Auditor and resolutions concerning this and the remuneration of the Company’s Auditor will be proposed at the AGM. Audit Committee Pursuant to the Company’s Articles of Association the Board had established an Audit Committee that in all material respects meets the requirements of Section 167 of the Companies Act, 2014. The Audit Committee was fully constituted and active during the year ended 31 December 2024. For more information, see the Audit Committee Report on pages 39 to 42. Annual Accounts The Board is of the opinion that the Annual Report, taken as a whole, is fair, balanced and understandable and provides the information necessary for shareholders to assess the position, strategy and business model of the Company. The Directors recommend that the Annual Report, the Directors’ Report and the Independent Auditor’s Report for the year ended 31 December 2024 are received and adopted by the shareholders and a resolution concerning this will be proposed at the AGM. Accounting Records The Directors believe they have complied with the requirements of Section 281 to Section 285 of the Companies Act, 2014 with regard to accounting records by employing accounting personnel with the appropriate expertise and by providing adequate resources to the financial function. The accounting records of the Company are maintained by Ocorian Fund Services (Ireland) Limited, 1st Floor,1 Windmill Lane, Dublin, D02 F206, Ireland. Key Risks Risk Description Mitigants Valuation movement Movement in valuation resulting in negative impact on returns or covenant breaches. • The Company owns a portfolio of diversified and cash generative assets that provide stability against movements in valuation. • The Company takes a conservative approach to valuations and provides regular disclosure on sensitivities. • The Company regularly benchmarks its discount rates against comparable transactions and peers. • The Company has a track record in making changes to discount rates in line with interest rate movements. • The valuation of assets includes a annual external audit and a quarterly review of all macro assumptions by an independent valuation committee. • The Company has material covenant headroom and considers covenant impact under a range of scenarios within its forecasting activities. Financing risk Inability to refinance or raise debt adversely impacting growth. Inability to access equity capital adversely impacting growth. Failure to comply with debt covenants could result in financial penalties or other restrictions being placed upon the Company. • The Company has a track record of successfully securing a combination of debt and equity capital. • The Company agreed in December 2024, the refinancing of Facility A upon maturity in October 2025 amounting to €235 million. • The Company generates high volumes of discretionary cashflows that could be utilised to service debt and materially de-gear. • The Company could dispose of assets in order to generate liquidity. Going Concern and Financial Risk As further detailed in note 1 of the consolidated financial statements, the Directors have a reasonable expectation that the Company and the Group have adequate resources to continue in operational existence for at least 12 months from the date of approval of this report. The Group continues to meet day-to-day liquidity needs through its cash resources. As at 31 December 2024, the Group had net current liabilities of €35.9 million (2023: net assets of €4.0 million) and had cash balances of €13.5 million (2023: €13.4 million). Cash balances (excluding restricted cash) held by investee companies amounted to €43.0 million (2023: €66.0 million). The Group and Company has sufficient cash balances at its disposal to meet current obligations as they fall due. The net current liabilities position of the Group at 31 December 2024 relates to the commitment to repay €40.0 million of the original €275.0 million Facility A upon maturity in October 2025 with the remaining €235.0 million subject to an agreement to extend for an additional 5 year term. The Directors have reviewed the Group projections which cover a period of not less than 12 months from the date of this report, taking into account foreseeable changes in funding, investment and trading performance. On the basis of their review, the Directors have a reasonable expectation that the Group and Company have adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. Accordingly, the Directors adopt the going concern basis for the preparation of the financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2024. GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 27 STRATEGIC REPORT GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS DIRECTORS‘ REPORT Subsequent Events Significant subsequent events have been disclosed in note 22 to the consolidated financial statements. Corporate Governance The Corporate Governance Report on pages 31 to 37 forms part of this report. Directors and Company Secretary The following Directors held office as at 31 December 2024: • Rónán Murphy (non-Executive Chairman) • Emer Gilvarry (non-Executive Director) • Kevin McNamara (non-Executive Director, retired 31 December 2024) • Marco Graziano (non-Executive Director) • Eva Lindqvist (non-Executive Director) • Niamh Marshall (non-Executive Director, appointed 25 April 2024) Company Secretary • Ocorian Administration (UK) Limited The biographical details of the Directors are set out on pages 16 and 17 of this Annual Report. Directors’ Interests in Shares in the Company Directors’ interests in Company shares as at 31 December 2024 are detailed below. Shareholder Ordinary shares of €0.01 each held as at 31 December 2024 Ordinary shares of €0.01 each held as at 31 December 2023 Rónán Murphy 235,194 235,194 Emer Gilvarry 100,000 100,000 Kevin McNamara 78,327 78,327 Marco Graziano 90,000 90,000 Eva Lindqvist – – Niamh Marshall 25,000 – The Company does not have any share option schemes in place. Dividend The Board recommended an interim dividend of €18.8 million (2023: 18.3 million), equivalent to 1.685 cent per share (2023: 1.605) with respect to the quarter ended 31 December 2024, bringing total dividends with respect to the year to €76.0 million (2023: €72.6 million), equivalent to 6.74 cent per share (2023: 6.42 cent per share) as disclosed in note 8 of the consolidated financial statements. Political Donations No political donations were made during the year ended 31 December 2024. Longer Term Viability As further disclosed on page 31, the Company is a member of the AIC and complies with the AIC Code. In accordance with the AIC Code, the Directors are required to assess the viability of the Group over a period longer than the 12 months associated with going concern. The Directors conducted this review for a period of 10 years, which it deemed appropriate, given the long-term nature of the Group’s investments, which are modelled over 30 years for onshore wind farms, 35 years for offshore wind farms and 40 years for solar, coupled with its long-term strategic planning horizon. In considering the prospects of the Group, the Directors looked at the key risks facing both the Group and the investee companies as detailed on pages 25 and 26, focusing on the likelihood and impact of each risk as well as any key contracts, future events or timescales that may be assigned to each key risk. As a sector focussed infrastructure fund, the Company aims to produce stable and progressive dividends while preserving the capital value of its investment portfolio on a real basis. The Directors believe that the Group is well placed to manage its business risks successfully over both the short and long term and accordingly, the Board has a reasonable expectation that the Group will be able to continue in operation and to meet its liabilities as they fall due for a period of at least 10 years. While the Directors have no reason to believe that the Group will not be viable over a longer period, they are conscious that it would be difficult to foresee the economic viability of any company with any degree of certainty for a period of time greater than 10 years. Directors’ Compliance Statement The Directors, in accordance with Section 225(2)(a) of the Companies Act 2014, acknowledge that they are responsible for securing the Company’s compliance with its “relevant obligations”. “Relevant obligations” in the context for the Company, are the Company’s obligations under: • The Companies Act 2014, where a breach of the obligations would be a category 1 or category 2 offence; The Companies Act 2014, where a breach of the obligations would be a serious Market Abuse or Prospectus offence; and Tax law. • Directors’ Compliance Statement Pursuant to Section 225(2)(b) of the Companies Act 2014, the Directors confirm that: a compliance policy statement has been drawn up by the Company in accordance with Section 225(3)(a) of the Companies Act 2014 setting out the Company’s policies (that, in the directors’ opinion, are appropriate to the Company) regarding compliance by the Company with its relevant obligations; appropriate arrangements and structures that in their opinion, are designed to secure material compliance with the Company’s relevant obligations, have been put in place; and a review has been conducted, during the financial year, of the arrangements and structures referred to above. By order of the Board Rónán Murphy Director 05 March 2025. Niamh Marshall Director 05 March 2025. GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 28 DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION REPORT The Remuneration Committee Report for the year ended 31 December 2024, has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2014. The Company’s Auditor is required to give their opinion on the information regarding non-Executive Directors’ remuneration, which is explained in further detail in its report to shareholders which can be found on pages 43 to 46. The remainder of this report is outside the scope of the external audit. In line with its terms of reference, the Committee is required to determine and agree the Remuneration Policy and set appropriate levels of non-Executive Directors’ remuneration. Where necessary and appropriate, the Committee may consider appointing external consultants. The role, responsibilities and duties of the Committee are set out in written terms of reference which are reviewed annually. The Terms of Reference are available on the Company’s website www.greencoat-renewables.com. Committee Membership The Remuneration Committee is comprised of all six independent non-Executive Directors of the Company with Emer Gilvarry acting as Chair. Meetings in 2024 The Remuneration Committee met twice in 2024 with full attendance recorded as set out in the table below. Remuneration Committee Meetings Scheduled Attendance (%) Emer Gilvarry (Chair) 2 100 Kevin McNamara (i) 1 100 Rónán Murphy 2 100 Marco Graziano 2 100 Eva Lindqvist 2 100 Niamh Marshall (ii) 1 100 (i) Retirement effective from 31 December 2024. (ii) Appointment effective from 25 April 2024. Remuneration Policy All Directors of the Company are non-Executive Directors and the Company has no employees. Non-Executive Director remuneration is made up of a basic fee with supplemental fees for roles holding additional responsibilities such as the position of Chair of a Committee or performing the role of Senior Independent Director. In addition, non-Executive Directors remuneration may take required travel time into consideration. The Company’s Articles of Association empower the Board to award additional fees where any non-Executive Director has been engaged in exceptional work on a time spent basis. No such additional fees were paid in 2024. The Chairman’s fee is inclusive of all of his responsibilities. Reasonable expenses incurred by the non- Executive Directors in carrying out their duties may be reimbursed by the Company. Non-Executive Director remuneration does not include performance related incentives or pension benefits, share options or other benefits in respect of their services. In determining the most appropriate levels of remuneration, the Remuneration Committee generally considers the experience, skills, responsibilities, role and time commitments of each Director. The growth, expansion and complexity of the business of the Company and evolving responsibilities of the Board are also significant factors considered by the Remuneration Committee as part of its annual remuneration review. To further ensure the competitiveness and overall appropriateness of fee levels, the Remuneration Committee has committed to conducting a review of fee levels with an independent consultant every three years. The last benchmarking exercise undertaken by the Remuneration Committee with the support of an independent consultant, Korn Ferry (UK) Limited, was carried out in 2023. Following this review, the Committee recommended an increase in the fees paid to non-Executive Directors, as detailed within the Company’s 2023 Annual Report. The fee increase became effective as of 1 July 2023. Directors’ Term of Office The Articles of Association provide that Directors retire and offer themselves for re-election at the first AGM after their appointment and at least every 3 years thereafter. In accordance with corporate governance best practice, all of the non- Executive Directors have opted to offer themselves for re-election on an annual basis. A Directors’ appointment may at any time be terminated by and at the discretion of either party upon 6 months’ written notice. A Directors’ appointment will automatically end without any right to compensation whatsoever if they are not re-elected by the Shareholders. A Directors’ appointment may also be terminated with immediate effect and without compensation in certain other circumstances. The Company’s Memorandum and Articles of Association provide the requirements of the Company regarding the appointment and removal of Directors, a copy of which is available for inspection from the Registered Office of the Company. Overview of the Work of the Remuneration Committee in 2024 During the year under review, the Remuneration Committee considered the annual fees and levels of remuneration paid to the Non-Executive Directors, taking into account the detailed benchmarking exercise undertaken in 2023 as described above, as well as the transition of the role of Audit Chair to Niamh Marshall in April 2024, in line with the Company’s succession plan. No changes to the remuneration of the non-Executive Directors remuneration were determined to be required in the 2024 year. The Remuneration Committee in conjunction with the Nomination Committee, recommended no change to Kevin McNamara’s remuneration until his retirement as a non-Executive Director on the 31 December 2024. In coming to this recommendation, the Remuneration Committee considered the handover tasks and support to be provided by Mr. McNamara as outgoing Audit Chair, the importance of the role of Audit Committee Chair to the Company and the benefits of a well-structured transition. Remuneration in 2024 The remuneration paid to Directors in respect of the year ended 31 December 2024, with comparatives for the prior year ended 31 December 2023 are set out below. All remuneration is fixed with GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 29 STRATEGIC REPORT GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS none of the Directors receiving any other remuneration or additional discretionary compensation during the year from the Company. As outlined above, following the remuneration fee review in 2023, fee levels increased with effect from 1 July 2023. Date of Appointment Paid in year ended 31 December 2024 Paid in year ended 31 December 2023 Rónán Murphy (chairman) 16 June 2017 €200,000 €165,000 Kevin McNamara(i) 16 June 2017 €85,000 €75,000 Emer Gilvarry 16 June 2017 €90,000 €77,500 Marco Graziano 30 January 2020 €95,000 €80,000 Eva Lindqvist 7 July 2022 €85,000 €75,000 Niamh Marshall (ii) 25 April 2024 €60,896 - Total €615,896 €472,500 (i) Retirement effective from 31 December 2024. (ii) Appointment effective from 25 April 2024. The total remuneration of non-Executive Directors has not exceeded the limit set out in the Articles of Association of the Company. Total Remuneration and Distributions The remuneration of the Directors for the year ended 31 December 2024, totalled €615,896 (2023: €472,500) in comparison to dividends paid to shareholders over the same period being €75.2million (2023: €72.6million). On behalf of the Board, Emer Gilvarry Chair of the Remuneration Committee 05 March 2025. DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION REPORT GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 30 STATEMENT OF DIRECTORS’ RESPONSIBILITIES The Directors are responsible for preparing the Annual Report and the consolidated financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations. Company law requires the Directors to prepare Group and Company financial statements for each financial year. Under that law, the Directors are required to prepare the Group financial statements and have elected to prepare the Company financial statements in accordance with IFRS as adopted by the EU and applicable law including Article 4 of the IAS Regulation. The Directors have elected to prepare the Company financial statements in accordance with IFRS and in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2014. Under company law the Directors must not approve the consolidated financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities and financial position of the Group and Company and of the Group’s profit or loss for that year. In preparing these consolidated financial statements, the Directors are required to: select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent; state whether they have been prepared in accordance with IFRS as adopted by the EU, subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the consolidated financial statements; and prepare the consolidated financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the Company and the Group will continue in business. The Directors are also required by the Companies Act 2014 to include a management report containing a fair review of the business and a description of the principal risks and uncertainties affecting the Company which are included on pages 25 and 26. The Directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the Company’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Company and enable them to ensure that the consolidated financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2014 and, as regards the Group financial statements, Article 4 of the IAS Regulation. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities. The Directors are responsible for ensuring that the Annual Report, taken as a whole, is fair, balanced and understandable and provides the information necessary for shareholders to assess the Group’s position and performance, business model and strategy. The Directors are also responsible for preparing a Directors’ Report that complies with the requirements of the Companies Act 2014. The Directors are responsible for ensuring the Annual Report and the consolidated financial statements are made available on a website. Financial statements are published on the Company’s website in accordance with legislation in Ireland and the UK governing the preparation and dissemination of financial statements, which may vary from legislation in other jurisdictions. The maintenance and integrity of the Company’s website is the responsibility of the Directors. The Directors responsibilities also extend to the ongoing integrity of the consolidated financial statements contained therein. Responsibility statement as required by the Transparency Directive and Corporate Governance Code Each of the Directors, whose biographies and functions are listed on pages 16 and 17 of this Annual Report, confirm that, to the best of each person’s knowledge and belief; • the consolidated financial statements, prepared in accordance with IFRS as adopted by the European Union and the Company financial statements prepared in accordance with IFRS, give a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities, and financial position of the Group and Company at 31 December 2024 and of the profit or loss for the year ended; • the Directors’ Report contained in the Annual Report includes a fair review of the development and performance of the business and the position of the Company, together with a description of the principal risk and uncertainties that they face; and • the Annual Report and financial statements, taken as a whole, is fair, balanced and understandable and provides the information necessary for shareholders to assess the Company’s position and performance, business model and strategy. On behalf of the Board, Rónán Murphy Director 05 March 2025. Niamh Marshall Director 05 March 2025. GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 STRATEGIC REPORT GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT Statement of Compliance The Board confirms that the Company has complied with the AIC Code during the year ended 31 December 2024. Set out in the table below is where further information can be found within the Annual Report in relation to how the Company has complied with the principles and provisions of the AIC Code. 1. Board Leadership and Purpose Purpose page 31 Strategy page 20 Values and culture page 31 Shareholder engagement page 37 Stakeholder engagement page 37 2. Division of Responsibilities Director independence page 32 Board meetings page 35 Relationship with Investment Manager page 35 Management Engagement Committee page 34 3. Composition, Succession and Evaluation Remuneration and Nominations Committee page 34 Director re-election page 28 Use of external search agency page 38 Board evaluation page 35 4. Composition, Succession and Evaluation Audit Committee page 39 Emerging and principal risks page 41 Risk management and internal control systems page 41 Going concern statement page 53 Viability statement page 27 5. Remuneration Directors’ Remuneration Report page 28 Board Leadership and Purpose The Company’s purpose is to provide attractive risk adjusted returns to shareholders through an annual dividend that increases progressively, whilst growing the capital value of its investment portfolio. To achieve this, its core focus is the acquisition of renewable energy generation assets with stable revenues often backed by government support mechanisms. The Company provides investors with the opportunity to participate in the ownership of renewable energy assets in Ireland and parts of Europe, thereby increasing the capital deployed in renewable energy and the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. As an investment trust with no employees, the Board has agreed that both its culture and its values should be aligned with those of the Investment Manager and centred on long-term relationships with the Company’s key stakeholders and sustainable investment, as follows: • Integrity is at the heart of every activity, with importance being placed on transparency, trustworthiness and dependability. • The trust of stakeholders is very important to maintain the Company’s reputation, particularly for execution certainty for asset sellers and delivery of investment promises to investors. • Respect for differing opinions is to be shown across all interaction and communication. • Individual empowerment is sought with growth in responsibility and autonomy being actively encouraged. This Corporate Governance Report forms part of the Report of the Directors as further disclosed on pages 18 to 27. Corporate Governance Framework The Company is committed to high standards of corporate governance and the Board is responsible for ensuring those high standards are achieved. The Company is a member of the Association of Investment Companies (the “AIC”) and as such, the Board of Directors of the Company has adopted the AIC Code of Corporate Governance (the “AIC Code”) for the year ended 31 December 2024. The AIC Code is available on the AIC website at www.aic.co.uk. The AIC Code provides boards with a framework of best practice in respect of the governance of investment companies. The Board considers that reporting against the principles of the AIC Code, which have been endorsed by the Financial Reporting Council (“FRC”), is the most appropriate given the structure of the Company. The AIC Code was updated in August 2024 and the updates apply to accounting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2025, with the exception of Provision 34 which applies to accounting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2026. Endorsement from the FRC in relation to reporting against the AIC Code confirms, as at the year end, that the Company fulfils the requirements of the UK Code and the UK Listing Rules. The AIC Code adopts the principles set out in the UK Corporate Governance Code to make them relevant for investment companies and provides supplementary guidance on specific matters. While the Company is not defined as an “investment company” under the Companies Act it does share key characteristics with such companies e.g., it has no employees and the tasks of portfolio management and risk management are delegated to the Investment Manager. For this reason, the Board considers reporting against the principles and provisions in the AIC Code provide the most appropriate framework for the Company. The Company has complied with the Principles and Provisions of the AIC Code with the exception of the following: • The role of the chief executive; • Executive Directors’ remuneration; and • The need for an internal audit function. The Board considers these provisions not relevant to the position of the Company, taking into consideration that the Company is externally managed and operational activity is outsourced to third parties. A summary of the Company’s compliance with the AIC code is provided on the Company’s website. GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 32 CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT continued • Collaboration and effectively utilising the collective skills of all participants is important to ensure ideas and information are best shared. Division of Responsibilities The Chair’s primary responsibility is to lead the Board and to ensure its effectiveness both collectively and individually. The Chair of the Board is Rónán Murphy. In considering the independence of the Chair, who was appointed in 2017, the Board took note of the provisions of the AIC Code relating to independence and has determined that Mr. Murphy is an Independent Director, with clear divisions of responsibilities from the Investment Manager. Composition, Succession and Evaluation As at the date of this report, the Board comprises five non-executive Directors, including the Chair, all of whom are considered to be independent of the Investment Manager and free from any business or other relationship that could materially interfere with the exercise of their independent judgement. In line with the Company’s succession plan, Ms. Niamh Marshall was appointed to the Board on 25 April 2024 and succeeded Mr. McNamara as Audit Chair. It was the agreement of the Board in support of the Company’s Remuneration and Nomination Committees, that Mr. McNamara remain his position on the Board until his retirement on 31 December 2024, to allow for a smooth transition. From 1 January 2025, the Board comprised of five non- executive Directors. The Board, in consultation with the Nomination Committee, are mindful that Mr. Murphy and Ms. Gilvarry will reach their nine-year tenure in 2026 and will begin discussions on succession planning to allow for careful planning and ensure a smooth transition. The Board will ensure its continued compliance with the highest standards of governance and adhere to the recommended AIC provisions. The Board believes that the balance and diversity of skills experience and backgrounds provides a strong foundation for oversight of the Company and delegation of tasks to the Investment Manager. The Directors have a breadth of investment knowledge, alongside business acumen and financial expertise that are directly applicable to the Company’s operations. Directors’ biographies are detailed on pages 16 and 17, and set out the range of investment, financial and business skills and experience represented. Director Election/Re-election and Appointment The Articles of Association provide that Directors shall retire and offer themselves for re-election at the first AGM after their appointment and at least every three years thereafter. Any Director, who has held office with the Company for three consecutive three-year terms shall retire from office. This will allow for phased Board appointments and retirements and enable the Board to consider whether there is any risk that such Director might reasonably be deemed to have lost independence through extended tenure of service. All the Directors, in accordance with Article 93, are required to stand for election at the first AGM and for re-election on an annual basis at each subsequent AGM. Directors’ appointments are reviewed by the Nomination Committee ahead of their submission for election or re-election after having considered their effectiveness, demonstration of commitment to the role, attendance at meetings, and contribution to the Board’s deliberations. Following consideration, the Board approves the nomination for re-election of the existing Directors at the 2025 AGM and the election of Niamh Marshall as a Director of the Company. The terms and conditions of appointment of non-Executive Directors are available for inspection from the Company’s registered office. Chair Tenure The Company’s policy on Chair tenure is that the Chair should normally serve no longer than nine years as a Director and Chair in accordance with the AIC Code. However, in exceptional circumstances, where it is in the best interests of the Company, the Chair may serve for a limited time beyond that. In such circumstances, the independence of the other directors, including the Senior Independent Director, will ensure that the Board as a whole remains independent. BOARD TENURE 0-3 Years 3 Directors 2 Directors 1 Director 4-6 Years 7+ Years Senior Independent Director The Senior Independent Director works closely with the Chair and provides support where required, holding annual meetings with the other non-Executive Directors to appraise the performance of the Chair. They also make themselves available to shareholders if they have reason for concern. The Senior Independent Director is Emer Gilvarry. Director Time Commitments When making new appointments, the Board takes into account other demands on Directors’ time. Additional external appointments are not to be undertaken without prior approval of the Board. The Board is satisfied that each of the Directors has continued to demonstrate sufficient time commitment to discharge its responsibilities. Diversity Policy and Independence All appointments to the Board are based on merit and against objective criteria, and influenced by a strong focus on the benefits of diversity, in particular gender diversity. The principal objective of the Board diversity policy is to attract and maintain a Board that, as a whole, comprises an appropriate balance of skills and experience. The Board consists of individuals from relevant and complementary backgrounds offering experience on boards of listed companies, in financial and legal services as well as in the energy sector. As at the date of this report, the Board comprised two men and three women following the appointment of Niamh Marshall on 25 April 2024 and retirement of Kevin McNamara on 31 December 2024. With this change, the gender balance was 40% male and 60% female, which exceeds the recommendations of the Balance for Better business in Ireland as well as the Financial Conduct Authority’s (“FCA”) diversity disclosure requirements. The Company’s compliance with the FCA’s diversity disclosure requirements is set out below. These targets are: • At least 40% of the board are women; • At least one of the senior board positions (Chair, Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Senior Independent Director (SID) or Chief Financial Officer (CFO)) is a woman; and • At least one member of the board is from a minority ethnic background. The position of the Senior Independent Director is currently occupied by a woman, Emer Gilvarry, in line with the FCA’s target as set out at Listing Rule 9.8.6R(9)(a)(ii) GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 STRATEGIC REPORT GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 33 relating to a senior board position being held by a woman. Additionally, the Audit Committee and Remuneration Committee are chaired by women. The Board is cognisant that no position is occupied by a member from a minority ethnic background. Diversity has been a key consideration in the Company’s succession planning, evidenced by the improvement in gender diversity with the recent appointment of Niamh Marshall, as well as the diversity of backgrounds and nationalities on the Board. However, the Board has a policy to base appointments on merit and against objective criteria, with due regard for the benefits of ethnic diversity as forming an integral part of succession planning. The Board’s objective is to attract and maintain a Board that, as a whole, comprises an appropriate balance of skills and experience. Details of the Directors’ experience and skills can be found in their biographies and the skills matrix on pages 16 and 17. As at the date of this report, and as explained above, the composition of the Board is as follows: Gender identity or sex Director Number of Board members Percentage of the Board Number of senior positions on the Board (CEO, CFO, SID and Chair)(i) Number in executive management Percentage of executive management Men 2 40% 1 − − Women 3 60% 1 − − Not specified / prefer not to say − − − − − (i) As an investment trust with no employees, the roles of CEO and CFO are not applicable. Ethnic background Director Number of Board members Percentage of the Board Number of senior positions on the Board (CEO, CFO, SID and Chair)(i) Number in executive management Percentage of executive management White British or other White (including minority white groups) 5 100% 2 − − Mixed / multiple ethnic groups − − − − − Asian / Asian British − − − − − Black / African / Caribbean / Black British − − − − − Other ethnic group − − − − − Not specified / preferred not to say − − − − − (i) The data in the tables above were collected using a self-assessment questionnaire reflecting the categories set out in the table, which each of the relevant individuals was requested to complete. Each of the non- Executive Directors are considered to be independent of the Investment Manager and free from any business or other relationship that could materially interfere with the exercise of their independent judgement. The Investment Manager operates an equal opportunities policy and its partners and employees comprised 86 men and 36 women (including contractors and secondees) as at 31 December 2024. Board Responsibilities The Board will meet, on average, seven times in each calendar year for scheduled quarterly Board meetings and on an ad hoc basis where necessary. At each meeting, the Board follows a formal agenda that covers the business to be discussed including, but not limited to, strategy, position, performance and the framework of internal controls, as well as a review of its own performance and composition, and any regulatory and industry developments. The Board is responsible for determining the Company’s investment objective and policy and has overall responsibility for its activities. The Company has entered into the Investment Management Agreement with the Investment Manager pursuant to which the Investment Manager is responsible for the day-to-day management of the Company. The Board actively and continuously supervises the Investment Manager in the performance of its functions and approves all decisions in relation to investment acquisitions, to ensure they align with the interests of shareholders. The Board requires being supplied, in a timely manner, with information by the Investment Manager, the Administrator, the Company Secretary and other advisers in a form and of a quality appropriate to enable it to discharge its duties. The Board also has responsibility for ensuring that the Company keeps proper accounting records which disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Company and which enable it to ensure that the financial statements comply with applicable regulation. It is the Board’s responsibility to present a fair, balanced and understandable Annual Report, which provides the information necessary for shareholders to assess the position, strategy and business model of the Company. This responsibility extends to the interim and other price-sensitive public reports. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 34 The Board has established procedures which provide a reasonable basis for the Directors to make proper judgement regarding the financial position and prospects of the Company on an ongoing basis. The Board has the ability to specify matters that require prior Board approval (‘‘Reserved Matters’’) or raise matters that it believes ought to be brought to the Board’s attention as part of the general reporting process between the Investment Manager and the Board. The list of Reserved Matters specified by the Board include entry into markets other than those located in the Republic of Ireland, entry into transactions other than those involving operational onshore wind assets, entry into any acquisitions increasing GAV by more than 50% and entry into material new financing facilities. The Investment Manager, at least once a quarter, submits to the Board a report of activities, investments and performance of the Company and its underlying investments including details of the pipeline of acquisitions and disposals and, in addition, any other information which could reasonably be considered to be material. Committees of the Board Greencoat Renewables PLC Board Committees Management Engagement Committee Reviewing the performance of the Investment Manager and key service providers. Rónán Murphy (Chair) Kevin McNamara(1) Marco Graziano Emer Gilvarry Eva Lindqvist Niamh Marshall Audit Committee Financial reporting, risk management and internal controls. Niamh Marshall (Chair) Kevin McNamara(1) Marco Graziano Emer Gilvarry Eva Lindqvist Nomination Committee Reviewing Board recruitment, composition, succession and evaluation. Marco Graziano (Chair) Kevin McNamara(1) Rónán Murphy Emer Gilvarry Eva Lindqvist Niamh Marshall Remuneration Committee Reviewing Board remuneration. Emer Gilvarry (Chair) Kevin McNamara(1) Rónán Murphy Eva Lindqvist Marco Graziano Niamh Marshall (1) Retired 31 December 2024. During the year ended 31 December 2024, there were four standing Board Committees, the Audit Committee, the Management Engagement Committee, the Nomination Committee and the Remuneration Committee. Each Committee has adopted formal terms of reference, approved by the Board and available on the Company’s website. Due to the size of the Board, the Committees are made up of each Board Member with the exception of the Chair who is an observer on the Audit Committee. Additionally, by having the entire Board fulfil the roles of these committees, we aim to leverage the collective knowledge and experience of all Directors, ensuring well-rounded and informed decision-making. This approach also promotes transparency and accountability within the Board, as all Directors are actively involved in these key areas of governance. Audit Committee The Company’s Audit Committee is chaired by Niamh Marshall and consists of four members. In addition to Niamh, Emer Gilvarry, Marco Graziano and Eva Lindqvist are all members as at the date of this report. In accordance with best practice, the Company’s Chair is not a member of the Audit Committee, however he does attend Audit Committee meetings as and when deemed appropriate. The Audit Committee Report which is on pages 39 to 42 of this report describes the work of the Audit Committee. Management Engagement Committee The Company has established a Management Engagement Committee, which comprises all the Directors with Rónán Murphy as Chair. The Management Engagement Committee’s main function is to keep under review the performance of the Investment Manager and review and make recommendations on any proposed amendment to the Investment Management Agreement. The Management Engagement Committee also performs a review of the performance of other key service providers to the Group. The Management Engagement Committee meets at least once a year. Remuneration Committee The Remuneration Committee comprises all of the Directors, with Emer Gilvarry as the Chair. The Remuneration Committee’s main function is to determine and agree the Board policy for the remuneration of the Directors and review and consider any additional ad hoc payments in relation to duties undertaken over and above normal business. The Remuneration Committee meets at least once a year. The Remuneration Committee Report which is on pages 28 to 29 of this report describes the work of the Remuneration Committee. Nomination Committee The Nomination Committee comprises all of the Directors with Marco Graziano as the Chair. The Nomination Committee’s main function is to review the structure, size and composition of the Board regularly and to consider succession planning for Directors. The Nomination Committee meets at least once a year. The Nomination Committee Report which is on page 38 of this report describes the work of the Nomination Committee in further detail. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT continued GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 STRATEGIC REPORT GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 35 Board Meetings, Committee Meetings and Directors’ Attendance A schedule of Board and Audit Committee meetings is circulated to the Board one year ahead including the key agenda items for each meeting. Other Committee meetings are arranged as and when required. The number of meetings of the full Board of the Company attended in the year to 31 December 2024 by each Director is set out below: 2024 Scheduled Board Meetings Additional Board Meetings Rónán Murphy 7 3 Emer Gilvarry 7 3 Kevin McNamara 7 3 Marco Graziano 7 3 Eva Lindqvist 7 2 Niamh Marshall (i) 5 – (i) Appointment effective from 25 April 2024. The number of meetings of the Committees attended in the year by each Committee member is set out in each of the Committee reports. Board Performance and Evaluation Regarding performance and evaluation pursuant to Provision 26 of the AIC Code, the Board undertakes a formal internal evaluation of its performance each financial year and carries out an external evaluation every three years. In 2024, an external performance review of the Board was undertaken by Korn Ferry (UK) Ltd, an external consultant independent from the Board and the individual Directors. In liaison with the Investment Manager, the Chairman had preliminary conversations with the consultant to determine the scope of the review and agree the areas of assessment. A detailed bespoke questionnaire was distributed to each Board Director via an online platform in order to gain insight into the areas they feel could be improved across seven core areas: (1) Board Mandate; (2) Board Composition; (3) Director Contribution; (4) Board Dynamics; (5) Delivery of Mandate; (6) Secretariat Support & Training; and (7) Committees. Subsequently, the evaluator conducted one-to-one interviews with all Board Directors and relevant parties. The lead evaluators also observed Board and Committee meetings and presented the findings and issued appropriate recommendations to the Board for continuous improvement. The Board welcomed all recommendations provided by Korn Ferry (UK) Ltd and intends to proceed accordingly, particularly in reference to the ongoing board succession to ensure that the planned changes in Board composition are managed seamlessly. Overall, the independent review raised no concerns and concluded that the Board comprised of highly experienced individuals and continued to discharge its duties effectively. Training and Development Each individual Director’s training and development objectives are reviewed annually through 1:1 meetings carried out by the Chair of the Board. All new Directors receive an induction, including being provided with information about the Company and their responsibilities and meetings with the Investment Manager, which is coordinated by the Company Secretary. In addition, each Director will visit operational sites to build a stronger understanding of the business. Moreover, specific training and development sessions are carried out throughout the year, to ensure the Board is up-to-date on all relevant topics and abreast of any regulatory changes and trends in the market. Directors’ Indemnity Directors’ and Officers’ liability insurance cover is in place in respect of the Directors. The Company’s articles of association provide, subject to the provisions of Ireland and UK legislation, an indemnity for Directors in respect of costs which they may incur relating to the defence of any proceedings brought against them arising out of their positions as Directors, in which they are acquitted, or judgement is given in their favour by the Court. Except for such indemnity provisions in the Company’s articles of association and in the Directors’ letters of appointment, there are no qualifying third-party indemnity provisions in force. The Investment Manager The Investment Management Agreement dated 16 June 2022 between the Company and the Investment Manager sets out the matters in respect of which the Investment Manager has authority and responsibility, subject to the overall control and supervision of the Board. The IMA also notes the Investment Manager has responsibility for developing strategy and the day-to-day management of the Group’s investment portfolio, in accordance with the Group’s investment objective and policy, subject to the overall supervision of the Board. The Investment Manager will, at all times, act within the parameters set out in the Investment Policy. The Investment Manager reports to the Board and keeps the Board appraised of material developments on an ongoing basis. The IMA was renewed for an additional five-year term in July 2022. The IMA may be terminated by either party upon expiry of the current agreement following written notice of not less than 12 months. The IMA may be terminated with immediate effect and without compensation, by either the Investment Manager or the Company if the other party has gone into liquidation, administration or receivership or has committed a material breach of the IMA. Under the IMA, the Investment Manager is entitled to management fees, which are detailed in note 3 to Financial Statements. The Investment Manager acts solely within the parameters set out in the Investment Policy and reports to the Board on an ongoing basis. The Investment Manager’s responsibilities include the following services: • management of the Company’s portfolio, which includes identifying, evaluating and executing possible investments and divestments; • risk management – ensuring risk exposure is in line with the Company’s investment strategy; • reporting to the Board; • calculating and publishing a quarterly NAV, with the assistance of the Administrator; • assisting the Company in complying with its ongoing obligations as a Company whose shares are admitted to trading on AIM and Euronext Growth Market; and • directing, managing, supervising and co-ordinating the Company’s third- party service providers, including the Company Secretary, Depositary and the Administrator, in accordance with industry best practice. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 36 Information regarding changes to the IMA effective 1 April 2025 can be found within note 3 of the 2024 Annual Report. Audit, risk and internal control The Board has overall responsibility for the Company’s system of internal control and for reviewing its effectiveness. The Board confirms it has implemented appropriate processes to identify, evaluate and manage the significant risks faced by the Company. The Board has delegated the responsibility for the review and appraisal of the Company’s risk management and internal control systems to the Audit Committee. The Company’s principal risks and uncertainties are detailed on pages 25 and 26 of this report. As further explained in the Audit Committee Report, the risks of the Company are outlined in a risk matrix which was reviewed and updated during the year. The Board continually reviews its investment policy and updates the risk matrix every year to ensure that procedures are in place to identify, mitigate and minimise the impact of risks should they crystallise. The Board also relies on reports periodically provided by the Investment Manager, the Depositary, and the Administrator to monitor and review any new risks that the Company may be facing. In addition, the Board applies audit, risk and internal control principles and provisions detailed within the AIC Code of Corporate Governance to ensure it is appropriately reviewing the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control systems. The Board has established an Audit Committee comprised of independent non-executive directors which reports to the Board on risk and the effectiveness of its internal control systems. The roles and responsibilities undertaken to ensure a robust assessment of the Company’s emerging and principal risks is outlined in further detail within the Audit Committee Report. The Board holds an annual risk and strategy discussion, which enables the Directors to consider risk outside the scheduled quarterly Board meetings. This enables emerging risks and potential mitigating actions to be identified and discussed. The principal features of the internal control systems which the Investment Manager and the Administrator have in place in respect of the Group’s financial reporting are focussed around the three lines of defence model that include: • internal reviews of all financial reports to ensure the maintenance of proper accounting records; • review of the Company’s financial information by the Board prior to its publication to confirm the reliability of the financial information within the report; and • authorisation limits set in relation to expenditures incurred by the Group and define a clear process for their approval. Further detail regarding internal control systems is outlined within the Audit Committee Report on page 39. The Board is cognisant that the implementation of Provision 34 of the AIC Code will be effective from the accounting period beginning after 1 January 2026 and will begin to consider the work to be undertaken by the relevant advisors to ensure the appropriate detail in relation to the review of the risk management and internal control systems are reported by the Investment Manager and included within the Annual Report for the period ended 31 December 2026. Information and Support The Board can seek independent professional advice on a matter, at the Company’s expense, where they judge it necessary to discharge their responsibilities as Directors. The Committees of the Board are provided with sufficient resources to undertake their duties. The Directors have access to the services of the Company Secretary who is responsible for ensuring that Board procedures are followed. Whistleblowing The Board has considered the arrangements by which staff of the Investment Manager or Administrator may, in confidence, raise concerns within their respective organisations about possible improprieties in matters of financial reporting or other matters. It has concluded that adequate arrangements are in place for the proportionate and independent investigation of such matters and, where necessary, for appropriate follow-up action to be taken within their organisation. No disclosures under this policy were received by the Company during 2024. Amendment of Articles of Association The Company’s Articles of Association may be amended by the members of the Company by special resolution (requiring a majority of at least 75% of the persons voting on the relevant resolution). General Meetings The Company holds a general meeting annually and specifies the meeting as such. All general meetings other than annual general meetings are called extraordinary general meetings. Extraordinary general meetings are convened on such requisition, or in default and may be convened by such requisitions as provided by the Companies Act 2014. All business shall be deemed special if it is transacted at an extraordinary general meeting. All business that is transacted at an annual general meeting shall also be deemed special, with the exception of the consideration of the Company’s statutory financial statements and reports of the Directors and Auditors, the review by the members of the Company’s affairs, the appointment of Directors in the place of those retiring (whether by rotation or otherwise), the appointment and re-appointment of the Auditors and the fixing of the remuneration of the Auditors. Each member is entitled to attend, speak, ask questions and vote at a general meeting. Additionally, he or she is entitled to appoint a proxy to attend, speak, ask questions and vote on his or her behalf at a general meeting. A member may appoint more than one proxy to attend, speak, ask questions and vote at a general meeting in respect of shares held in different securities accounts. The holders of ordinary shares have the right to receive notice of and attend and vote at all general meetings of the Company and they are entitled, on a poll or a show of hands, to one vote for every ordinary share they hold. Votes may be given either in person or by proxy. Subject to any rights or restrictions for the time being attached to any class or classes of shares and subject to any suspension or abrogation of rights pursuant to the Articles, on a show of hands every member present in person and every proxy shall have one vote, so, however, that no individual shall have more than one vote and on a poll every member shall have one vote for every share carrying rights of which they are a holder. On a poll a member entitled to more than one vote need not cast all their votes or cast all the votes they use in the same way. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT continued GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 STRATEGIC REPORT GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 37 Shareholder Relations The Board is mindful of the importance of engaging with shareholders to understand their views on topics that are material to the business. The Chair, the Senior Independent Director and other Directors are proactive with their approach to engagement and readily available to meet with shareholders, if required. The Investment Manager is also available at all reasonable times to meet with principal shareholders and key sector analysts to support the Board in addressing any questions from shareholders. All shareholders have the opportunity to forward questions to the Company at the registered address. The AGM of the Company also provides a forum for shareholders to meet and discuss issues with the Directors and Investment Manager. The Board receives comprehensive shareholder reports from the Company’s Registrar and regularly monitors the views of shareholders and the shareholder profile of the Company. The Board is also kept fully informed of all relevant market commentary on the Company by the Investment Manager. Dividends The Company’s dividend policy aims to provide shareholders with an annual dividend that increases between zero and the Irish CPI while growing the capital value of its investment portfolio in the long term on a real basis through reinvestment of excess cash flow and the prudent use of gearing. In respect to the 2024 year, the Board has approved total dividends of 6.74 cent per share. The Board are confident that with the Company’s continuing strong cash flow and robust dividend cover, the Company can maintain a target dividend of 6.81 cent per share for 2025. Share Issuances In line with the Company’s capital allocation framework and given that the share price had continued to trade at a material discount to NAV, on 5 June 2024, the Company announced the commencement of a share buyback programme of up to €25 million executed under the authority granted by shareholders at the 2024 AGM. The Board determined that buying back shares was in the best interests of shareholders. In total, the Company bought back 27.7 million shares under the above authority at a total cost of €25.1 million (including c. €0.1 million of transactions costs). Engagement and Feedback with Stakeholders The Company is committed to maintaining good communications and building positive relationships with all stakeholders, including shareholders, debt providers, analysts, potential investors, suppliers and the wider communities in which the Group and its investee companies operate. This includes regular engagement of the Board, Investment Manager, and Administrator with the Company’s shareholders, lenders and other stakeholders. The Directors and Investment Manager receive informal feedback from analysts and investors, which is presented to the Board by the Company’s Euronext Growth Listing Sponsor, NOMAD and Joint Broker. The Company Secretary also receives informal feedback via queries submitted through the Company’s website and these are addressed by the Board or appropriate party. On behalf of the Board Rónán Murphy Chairman of the Board 05 March 2025. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 38 NOMINATION COMMITTEE REPORT As a member of the AIC, the Company has established a Nomination Committee in line with Provision 7.2 of the AIC Code which recommends that the Nomination Committee leads the process for appointments, ensures plans are in place for orderly succession to the board whilst ensuring appropriate levels of diversity. Accordingly, the Committee is primarily responsible for reviewing the structure, size and composition of the Board, Director appointment and reappointment as well as active consideration for succession planning. The full roles, responsibilities and duties of the Nomination Committee are set out in the Terms of Reference which are reviewed annually and available on the Company’s website www.greencoat-renewables.com. Committee Membership The Nomination Committee is comprised of all Directors with Marco Graziano as Chair. Provision 22 of the AIC code states that “If the board has decided that the entire board should fulfil the role of the Nomination Committee, it will need to explain why it has done so in the annual report.” In the case of the Nomination Committee, the Board has decided that the full Board should be members of the Nomination Committee. This is due to the diverse range of skills, knowledge, and experience of the Board members and to ensure that the Nomination Committee has appropriate diversity. Meetings in 2024 The Nomination Committee meets at least once a year with a total of three meetings held in 2024. The Committee membership and attendance is set out in the table below. Nomination Committee Meetings Scheduled Attendance (%) Marco Graziano (Chair) 3 100 Kevin McNamara (i) 3 100 Rónán Murphy 3 100 Emer Gilvarry 3 100 Eva Lindqvist 3 100 Niamh Marshall (ii) 1 100 (i) Retirement effective from 31 December 2024. (II) Appointment effective from 25 April 2024. Overview of the work of the Nomination Committee During 2024, the Committee has been predominately focussed on Board composition and recruitment. As part of ongoing succession planning and in light of the planned retirement of Kevin McNamara effective from 31 December 2024, the Committee engaged Korn Ferry (UK) Ltd., for the purposes of recruiting of a new Non-Executive director and Audit Committee Chair. A wide range of potential candidates with the relevant skillset were identified with the Committee recommending the appointment of Niamh Marshall to the Board. Ms Marshall formally joined the Board on 25 April 2024 and brings a wealth of experience and, as a former audit partner in KPMG Ireland, has the necessary skillset required to successfully fulfil the role as Chair of the Audit Committee. In addition, Ms Marshall’s appointment further diversifies the Company’s Board. On behalf of the board Marco Graziano 05 March 2025 Glanaruddery South Meath GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 STRATEGIC REPORT GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 39 The Audit Committee Report for the year ended 31 December 2024 has been prepared in accordance with the guidance set out by the AIC Code. The Audit Committee operates within clearly defined terms of reference to ensure it effectively fulfils its role of supporting the Board in fulfilling its responsibilities in relation to the integrity of the financial reporting process, the robustness of internal controls and risk management systems and the effectiveness of the external auditor. This report describes how the Audit Committee has fulfilled its responsibilities during the year under review. Membership At 31 December 2024, the Audit Committee comprised five individuals namely, Niamh Marshall who holds the position of Chair, Kevin McNamara (retired 31 December 2024), Emer Gilvarry, Marco Graziano and Eva Lindqvist. The Chairman and third parties may be invited to attend meetings as and when deemed appropriate by the Chair. The AIC Code recommends that at least one member of the Audit Committee should have recent and relevant financial experience and the Audit Committee as a whole, should have competence relevant to the sector. The Board considers the Audit Committee and its members to meet these criteria. Further details of the qualifications and experience of the Audit Committee members are set out on pages 16 and 17 of this report. Responsibilities The Audit Committee serves as the platform through which the external auditor reports to the Board. Among its key responsibilities are assessing the effectiveness of the audit process and within that, reviewing the objectivity and terms of engagement of the external auditor including appointment and re-appointment. Additionally, the Audit Committee ensures the appropriateness of the Company’s internal controls and risk management systems and monitors the compliance of the Company’s corporate governance structures against the principles of the AIC Code, particularly in the context of its annual reporting. The Audit Committee reports directly to the Board, highlighting any matters it considers relevant in line with its Terms of Reference. The Audit Committee’s Terms of Reference are reviewed annually and are available on the Company’s website www.greencoat-renewables.com. The Audit Committee is available upon request to engage with investors regarding the Company’s financial reporting and internal controls. Meetings in 2024 During the year ended 31 December 2024, there were six scheduled Audit Committee meetings, all of which were fully attended by members, as detailed below. The Company’s external auditor, BDO, attended two of the six scheduled Audit Committee meetings held during the year and presented their findings to the Committee. Nomination Committee Meetings Scheduled Attendance (%) Niamh Marshall (i) (Chair) 4 100 Kevin McNamara (ii) 6 100 Marco Graziano 6 100 Emer Gilvarry 6 100 Eva Lindqvist 6 100 (i) Appointment effective from 25 April 2024. (ii) Retirement effective from 31 December 2024. AUDIT COMMITTEE REPORT Glanaruddery Glanaruddery GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 40 AUDIT COMMITTEE REPORT continued Overview of the work of the Audit Committee in 2024 Throughout the year, the Audit Committee engaged in discussions covering a wide range of issues relating to the external audit, financial reporting, risk management and internal controls as set out below. In addition to the six formally convened Audit Committee meetings, there was regular contact and ad hoc meetings with the Investment Manager and the Administrator. These meetings focussed on, but were not limited to, the matters listed below; External Audit Reviewed the effectiveness of the external audit process with consideration to feedback from the Investment Manager and Administrator; Assessed compliance with Company policy in respect to the provision of non-audit services by the auditor; Examined material areas of significant judgement; Reviewed external auditor fees, independence and objectivity; Reviewed and approved the audit plan relating to the 2024 Audit; Recommended the re-appointment of the auditor to the Board for the financial year ending 31 December 2024. Financial reporting Ensured that appropriate processes and accounting policies had been followed in the preparation of statutory financial reporting; Recommended the approval of the Company’s 2024 Interim Report and 2023 Annual Report to the Board; Monitored the ongoing appropriateness of the Company’s status as an investment entity under IFRS 10; Reviewed the ongoing assessment of the company as a going concern and considered the principal risks and period of assessment for the longer-term viability of the Company. Risk management and internal controls Reviewed and recommended the updated Company risk and control matrix to be approved by the Board; Reviewed the Group’s principal risks and uncertainties and ensured that any emerging and material risks over the last year were appropriately reviewed and disclosed; Reviewed the financial Processes and Procedures in the company and the control framework impacting the Company’s financial reporting and regulatory compliance processes to ensure that they are appropriate to satisfactorily identify and mitigate related risks. Internal audit Met with the Schroders plc Internal audit function and assessed the impact of their work on the Company particularly in the context of the Committee’s consideration of the need for a separate internal audit function. Assessed the need for an internal audit function at the Company. Other Considered the applicability of CSRD reporting for the Company. Financial reporting The Audit Committee plays a crucial role in ensuring the appropriateness and integrity of the Company’s financial reporting. During 2024, the Audit Committee performed a detailed review of the Company’s 2024 Interim Report and 2023 Annual Report. Review procedures aim to ensure that financial reporting is clear and complete, is aligned with the relevant financial and corporate governance reporting requirements and accurately depicts the financial performance of the business. South Meath GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 STRATEGIC REPORT GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 41 The key area of risk identified and considered by the Committee in relation to the business activities and financial statements of the Company for the year ended 31 December 2024 was the valuation of investments. Significant Consideration Audit Committee Response Valuation of Investments The investment portfolio of the Group and Company is represented by unquoted equity and loan investments with all investments individually material to the financial statements. The valuation of investments is calculated using discounted cash flow models which are considered subjective and includes other estimates relating to future power prices, wind generation, discount rates, asset lives and inflation. The Investment Manager presents a detailed analysis of the Company’s NAV to the Board on a quarterly basis. The analysis outlines any movement from the previous quarter and any change in underlying assumptions. Prior to being presented to the Board, the Company’s NAV is reviewed by the independent Valuation Committee of the Investment Manager. The quarterly analysis and rationale for any changes made is subject to rigorous challenge prior to being formally approval by the Board. As part of our review of the Interim Report and Annual Report, the Audit Committee satisfies itself that the key estimates, assumptions and disclosures relating to the valuation of the investment portfolio are appropriate. The Audit Committee provides robust challenge to the Investment Manager with regard to the approach to assessing controls and corresponding results of procedures relating to the valuation of the investment portfolio. In particular, the Audit Committee challenged the Investment Manager on the key assumptions in the discounted cash flow model including discount rate, energy yield, power price, inflation rate and asset life. The Audit Committee reviewed benchmarking and other externally available data sources as well as the impact of a range of sensitivities applied to key inputs of the valuation of investments. Having performed due enquiries, the Audit Committee satisfied itself that the Company’s investment portfolio is appropriately valued. Going Concern and Long-Term Viability The Audit Committee has reviewed the Company’s financial resources and concluded that it is appropriate for the Company’s financial statements to be prepared on a going concern basis as set out in the Directors’ Report on page 26. It has also considered the principal risks and period of assessment for the longer-term viability of the Company as set out in the Directors’ Report on pages 25 and 26. Risk Management and Internal Controls The Audit Committee holds the responsibility for reviewing and monitoring the effectiveness of the Company’s risk management and internal controls on behalf of the Board. To achieve these objectives, the Committee has established a series of ongoing processes tailored to the specific needs of the business and designed to ensure that the risks it is exposed to are being effectively managed. The Investment Manager has identified the principal risks to which the Company is exposed and recorded them on a risk matrix together with the controls employed to mitigate those risks. The Investment Manager also identifies emerging risks and determines whether any actions are required. A residual risk rating has been applied to each risk. The Audit Committee reviews and challenges risk management regularly and formally reviews and challenges the risk and control matrix prepared by the Investment Manager on an annual basis, before recommending it to the Board for approval. The Audit Committee reviewed and approved the Company’s risk and control matrix in January 2025 and will continue to do so at least annually. By their nature, these procedures provide a reasonable, but not absolute assurance against material misstatement or loss. The Audit Committee reviewed the Group’s principal risks and uncertainties relating to the year ended 31 December 2024 to determine that these were unchanged from those previously disclosed and remained most likely to affect the Group in 2025. During the year, the Audit Committee discussed and reviewed in depth the internal controls frameworks in place at the Investment Manager and the Administrator. Discussions were centred around 3 lines of defence: assurances at operational level; internal oversight; and independent objective assurance. The Administrator holds the International Standard on Assurance Engagements (ISAE 3402) type 2 certification which entails an independent and rigorous examination and testing of their controls and processes. In addition, regular reporting is provided to the Audit Committee by the Investment Manager, Administrator and Depositary, summarising the Company’s key risks, related mitigating controls and developments in the period. The Audit Committee concluded that these frameworks were appropriate for the identification, assessment, management and monitoring of financial, regulatory and other risks, with particular regard to the protection of the interests of the Company’s shareholders. AUDIT COMMITTEE REPORT GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 42 Internal Audit As the Company is externally managed, it relies upon the controls in place at its Investment Manager, Administrator and Depositary. The Investment Manager, Schroders Greencoat LLP, is a full scope AIFM, regulated by the FCA in the UK. Accordingly, the Investment Manager maintains a robust control framework and an independent compliance function which provides regular updates to the Audit Committee. The Investment Manager is subject to internal audit procedures by the internal audit function of its parent entity with details provided to the Audit Committee accordingly. In addition, the Company’s Administrator and Depositary are subject to annual operational diligence procedures performed by the Investment Manager which are designed specifically to provide assurance on core business process, compliance and governance matters. The Audit Committee continues to review the need for an internal audit function and has decided that the systems, processes and procedures employed by the Company, Investment Manager and Administrator provide sufficient assurance that appropriate level of risk and management and internal control is maintained. The Audit Committee has therefore concluded that shareholder’s investments and the Company’s assets are adequately safeguarded and an internal audit function specific to the Company is considered unnecessary at this time. The Committee recognises that the implementation of Provision 34 of the AIC Code will be effective from accounting periods beginning 1 January 2026 and looks forward to considering its applicability to the Company in 2025. Re-appointment of the external auditor BDO have been the Company’s external auditor since its incorporation on 15 February 2017. There are no contractual obligations restricting the choice of independent auditor, and the Company will put the audit services contract out to tender at least every 10 years. The Audit Committee shall give advance notice of any retendering plans within the Annual Report. The Audit Committee reviewed the effectiveness and independence of the external auditor and remains satisfied that the external auditor provides effective independent challenge to the Board, the Investment Manager, Administrator and Depositary. The Audit Committee will continue to monitor the performance, independence and objectivity of the external auditor on an annual basis. Additionally, in concert with the Investment Manager, the Committee Chair will continue to maintain regular contact with the Senior Audit Partner outside of the formal Committee meeting schedule, not only to discuss formal agenda items for upcoming meetings, but also to review any other significant matters. The Audit Committee has therefore recommended to the Board that BDO be proposed for re-appointment as the Company’s Auditor at the 2025 AGM of the Company. Conclusion with Respect to the Annual Report The Audit Committee has concluded that the Annual Report for the year to 31 December 2024, taken as a whole, is fair, balanced, and understandable and provides the information necessary for shareholders to assess the Company’s business model, strategy and performance. The Audit Committee has reported its conclusions to the Board and recommended that the Annual Report and Financial Statements be approved by the Board. The Chair of the Audit Committee will be present at the Company’s AGM to answer questions on the Audit Committee’s activity and matters within the scope of the Audit Committee’s responsibilities. Independence The Audit Committee is required to consider the independence of the external auditor. In fulfilling this requirement, the Audit Committee has considered a report from BDO describing its arrangements to identify, report and manage any conflict of interest and the extent of non-audit services provided by them. The Audit Committee has concluded that it considers BDO to be independent of the Company and that the provision of the non-audit services described above is not a threat to the objectivity and independence of the conduct of the audit. Niamh Marshall Chair of the Audit Committee 05 March 2024 AUDIT COMMITTEE REPORT continued GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 STRATEGIC REPORT GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 43 INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF GREENCOAT RENEWABLES PLC Report on the audit of the financial statements Opinion We have audited the financial statements of Greencoat Renewables PLC (‘the Company’) and its consolidated undertakings (‘the Group’) for the year ended 31 December 2024, which comprise the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income, the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position, the Company Statement of Financial Position, the Consolidated and Company Statement of Changes in Equity, the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows, the Company Statement of Cash Flows, and notes to the financial statements, including the summary of material accounting policies set out in note 1. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is Irish Law and International Financial Reporting Standards (‘IFRS’) as adopted by the European Union. In our opinion: • the Group financial statements give a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities and financial position of the Group as at 31 December 2024 and of its profit and cash flows for the year then ended; • the Company Statement of Financial Position gives a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities and financial position of the Company as at 31 December 2024 and of its cash flows for the year then ended; • the Group financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRS as adopted by the European Union; • the Company financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRS as adopted by the European Union as applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2014; and • the Group financial statements and Company financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2014. Basis for opinion We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (Ireland) (ISAs (Ireland)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are described below in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the Group and the Company in accordance with ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of financial statements in Ireland, including the Ethical Standard for Auditors (Ireland) issued by the Irish Auditing and Accounting Supervisory Authority (‘IAASA’), and the ethical pronouncements established by Chartered Accountants Ireland as applied to other listed entities, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. Conclusions relating to going concern In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors’ use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate. Our evaluation of the directors’ assessment of the Group and Company’s ability to continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting included: • agreeing the inputs to supporting documentation and challenging assumptions within the directors’ assessment to supporting documentation and our own understanding of the Group and Company. • stress testing their assessment and conducting a robust review of the liquidity position of the Group and Company. • reviewing the adherence to bank covenants in place based on the stress tested forecasts and considering the likelihood of these being breached in the future. Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the Group or Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue. Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report. Extent to which the audit was capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined below, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud. The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed below: Identifying risks Our procedures to identify the risks of irregularities, including fraud included, amongst other matters: • Obtaining an understanding of the legal and regulatory framework applicable to the Group and its related entities and the industry in which it operates and considered the risk of fraud and non-compliance with applicable laws and regulations. In doing so, we focused on those laws and regulations that had a significant effect on the financial statements or that had a fundamental effect on the operations of the Group which included but were not limited to the Companies Act 2014 and listing rules of Euronext Growth Dublin of Euronext Dublin and AIM of the London Stock Exchange. • Enquiring of management and those charged with governance, including obtaining and reviewing supporting documentation, concerning the Group’s policies and procedures relating to: • identifying, evaluating and complying with laws and regulations and whether Tel: +353 1 470 0000 Fax: +353 1 437 0654 E-mail: info@bdo.ie bdo.ie Block 3, Miesian Plaza 50-58 Baggot Street Lower Dublin 2, D02 Y754 Ireland Other Offices: 103/104 O’Connell St Limerick, V94 AT85 Brian McEnery (Managing Partner) Simon Carbery Stewart Dunne Chris Fogarty Brian Hughes Ronan Harbourne Diarmuid Hendrick Liam Hession Ken Kilmartin Stephen McCallion Aine McInerney Teresa Morahan Ursula Moran Richard Warren-Tangney Gavin Smyth BDO, a partnership established under Irish law, is a member of BDO International Limited, a UK company limited by guarantee, and forms part of the inter-national BDO network of independent member firms. BDO is authorised by the Institute of Chartered Accountants in Ireland to carry on investment business. GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 44 INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF GREENCOAT RENEWABLES PLC continued they were aware of any instances of non-compliance; • detecting and responding to the risks of fraud and whether they have knowledge of any actual, suspected, or alleged fraud; and • challenging assumptions made by management in their significant accounting estimates. • Obtaining an understanding of the systems and controls around journal entries, and setting specific risk-based criteria to identify and test high risk journals entries; • Evaluating transactions outside of the normal course of business and engaging in a thorough discussion with the engagement team to identify potential areas in the financial statements where fraud might occur, as well as any indicators that could suggest fraudulent activity. Audit response to risks identified Our procedures to respond to risks identified included, amongst other matters: • reviewing the financial statement disclosures and testing to supporting documentation to assess compliance with relevant laws and regulations; • enquiring of management concerning actual and potential litigation and claims; • performing analytical procedures to identify any unusual or unexpected relationships that may indicate risks of material misstatement due to fraud; • reading minutes of meetings of those charged with governance; • Identifying and testing journal entries, in particular those journal entries considered most susceptible to fraud. We have also communicated relevant identified laws, regulations and potential fraud risks to all engagement team members and remained alert to any indications of fraud or non-compliance with laws and regulations throughout the audit. Our audit procedures were designed to respond to risks of material misstatement in the financial statements, recognising that the risk of not detecting a material misstatement due to fraud is higher than the risk of not detecting one resulting from error, as fraud may involve deliberate concealment by, for example, forgery, misrepresentations or through collusion. There are inherent limitations in the audit procedures performed and the further removed non-compliance with laws and regulations is from the events and transactions reflected in the financial statements, the less likely we are to become aware of it. Key audit matters Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit of the financial statements and include the most significant assessed risks of material misstatement (whether or not due to fraud), including those which had the greatest effect on the overall audit strategy; the allocation of resources in the audit; and directing the efforts of the engagement team. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters. Key Audit Matter – valuation of investments (including valuation inputs relevant to the valuation) Key Audit Matter The entire investment portfolio of the Group and Company is represented by unquoted equity and loan investments with the investments being material to the financial statements, representing a significant proportion of the total asset value. The valuation of investments is calculated using discounted cash flow models. This is a significant accounting estimate that involves high subjectivity, uncertainty and complexity. The following are the key areas identified in the discounted cash flow model: • discount rates applied • energy yield applied • power price applied • asset life used in the model • inflation rates applied • projected operating expenses • projected tax expenses • current net assets/liabilities of the entities included in the model • arithmetic accuracy of the discounted cash flow model Related Disclosures Refer to: • Note 1 – Material accounting policies • Note 2 – Critical accounting judgments, estimates and assumptions; • Note 4 – Return on Investments • Note 9 – Investments at fair value through profit or loss • Note 19 – Financial risk management of the accompanying consolidated financial statements. GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 STRATEGIC REPORT GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 45 INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF GREENCOAT RENEWABLES PLC Our application of materiality We define materiality as the magnitude of misstatement, including omissions, in the financial statements that, individually or in the aggregate, could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of a reasonably knowledgeable person taken on the basis of the financial statements. We use materiality both in planning the scope of our audit work and in evaluating the results of our work. Based on our professional judgement, we determined materiality and performance materiality for the financial statements as a whole as follows: For the purpose of our audit, we used overall materiality of €24.6 million, which represents approximately 2% of the Group and Company’s net assets. Performance materiality for the financial statements as a whole was set at €18.5 million. We applied these thresholds, together with qualitative considerations, to determine the scope of our audit and the nature, timing, and extent of our audit procedures and to evaluate the effect of misstatements on the financial statements as a whole. We chose net assets as the benchmark because of the Group and Company’s asset-based structure. We selected 2% based on our professional judgment, noting that it is also within the range of commonly accepted asset-related benchmarks. In addition, we used a specific materiality for the purpose of testing transactions and balances which impact on the Group’s return. We set this on the basis that PLC expects to pay dividends and the investors expect to receive dividends. The value of the Company, being an investment Company, is based on it net assets. As there are key performance indicators surrounding the dividend payments, a specific materiality has been set around items that impact the ability of the Company to pay the dividends. These includes dividend, interest income and expense. Note that unrealised movements are not included as its non-distributable income. This is only for testing purposes and is not a reporting materiality. Specific materiality of €5.1 million represents approximately 10% of the profit for the year. We agreed with the Audit Committee that we would report to the Audit Committee all audit differences in excess of €1.2 million, as well as differences below that threshold that, in our view, warranted reporting on qualitative grounds. An overview of the scope of our audit The scope of our audit was influenced by our application of materiality. As a result, our audit approach was developed by obtaining an understanding of the Group’s and Company’s activities, the key functions Key Audit Matter – valuation of investments (including valuation inputs relevant to the valuation) Audit Response • We have evaluated the design and implementation of internal controls relating to the valuation of the investments. • We applied professional scepticism when addressing any areas we have identified the potential for management bias to be present. • The procedures we performed are: • Discount rate- challenged the appropriateness of the selection and application of discount rate through reviewing discount rates used in recent bid activities, benchmarking to available industry data and engaging our valuation expert to review the reasonableness of the rates used; • Energy yield- vouched management estimation of energy yield to independent expert reports; • Power price- we confirmed power price used in the model directly with the pricing sources. We reviewed management overlays on these prices and assessed their appropriateness; • Asset life used in the model- we benchmarked the asset life used to publicly available information. We also reviewed the events or conditions that may suggest the asset life may not be appropriate; • Inflation rates applied- these were assessed against publicly available information; • Projected operating expenses- vouched an appropriate sample of projected expenses to supporting evidence. We compared previous forecasts to actual results; • Projected tax expenses- reviewed the latest tax computations for each of the appropriate inputs; • Current net assets/liabilities of the entities included in the model- agreed cash and other net assets to bank statements and investee company management accounts. The valuation of interest rate swaps were compared to a 3rd party pricing source; • Arithmetic accuracy of the discounted cash flow model- we applied spreadsheet analysis tools to assess the integrity of the valuation model; • For new investments, we obtained and reviewed all key agreements and contracts and considered if they were accurately reflected in the valuation model; • For existing investments, we analysed changes in significant assumptions compared with assumptions audited in previous periods and vouched these to independent evidence including available industry data; • We have engaged auditor’s experts to review the application of the DCF methodology and examine the reasonableness of key valuation assumptions and inputs using their expertise in the market. • We vouched to loan agreements and verified the terms of the loan; and • We evaluated and challenged management’s assessment as to the recoverability of the loan investments. • We tested the disclosures made by management in the financial statements. GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 46 INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF GREENCOAT RENEWABLES PLC continued undertaken on behalf of the board and the overall control environment. Based on this understanding we assessed those aspects of the Group’s and Company’s financial statements which were most likely to give rise to a material misstatement. In particular, we looked at where the directors made subjective judgements, for example in respect of significant accounting estimates that involved making assumptions and considering future events that are inherently uncertain. As in all of our audits, we also addressed the risk of management override of internal controls, including evaluating whether there was evidence of bias by the directors that represented a risk of material misstatement due to fraud. Other information The directors are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information included in the annual report other than the financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon including the Directors’ Report, Investment Manager’s Report and Corporate Governance Report. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements, or our knowledge obtained in the course of the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether there is a material misstatement in the financial statements or a material misstatement of the other information. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard. Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2014 In our opinion, based solely on the work undertaken in the course of the audit, we report that: • the information given in the directors’ report is consistent with the financial statements; and • the directors’ report has been prepared in accordance with the Companies Act 2014. We have obtained all the information and explanations which, to the best of our knowledge and belief, are necessary for the purposes of our audit. In our opinion, the accounting records of the Group and Company were sufficient to permit the financial statements to be readily and properly audited and the financial statements are in agreement with the accounting records. Matters on which we are required to report by exception Based on the knowledge and understanding of the Group and the Company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the directors’ report. The Companies Act 2014 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion, the disclosures of directors’ remuneration and transactions required by sections 305 to 312 of the Act are not made. We have nothing to report in this regard. Respective responsibilities Responsibilities of directors for the financial statements As explained more fully in the directors’ responsibilities statement set out on page 52, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as they determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the Group’s and the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless management either intends to liquidate the Group or the Company or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so. Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (Ireland) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements. A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on IAASA’s website at: https://iaasa.ie/getmedia/b2389013-1cf6- 458b-9b8f-a98202dc9c3a/Description_of_ auditors_responsibilities_for_audit.pdf This description forms part of our auditor’s report. The purpose of our audit work and to whom we owe our responsibilities Our report is made solely to the Company’s members, as a body, in accordance with section 391 of the Companies Act 2014. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the Company’s members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the Company and the Company’s members, as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed. Stewart Dunne For and on behalf of BDO Statutory Audit Firm Block 3, Miesian Plaza, 50-58 Baggot Street Lower, Dublin 2, D02 Y754 Date 05 March 2025 GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 47 STRATEGIC REPORT GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income For the year ended 31 December 2024 Note For the year ended 31 December 2024 €’000 For the year ended 31 December 2023 €’000 Return on investments 4 113,770 123,348 Other income 139 510 Total income and gains 113,909 123,858 Operating expenses 5 (15,524) (16,008) Investment activity costs (1,007) (1,115) Operating profit 97,378 106,735 Finance expense 14 (44,074) (33,722) Profit for the year before tax 53,304 73,013 Taxation 6 (2,332) (3,526) Profit for the year after tax 50,972 69,487 Profit and total comprehensive income attributable to: Equity holders of the Company 50,972 69,487 Earnings per share Basic and diluted earnings from continuing operations in the year (cent) 7 4.5 6.1 The accompanying notes on pages 53 to 77 form an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 48 Consolidated Statement of Financial Position As at 31 December 2024 Note 31 December 2024 €’000 31 December 2023 €’000 Non current assets Investments at fair value through profit or loss 9 2,403,389 2,524,986 2,403,389 2,524,986 Current assets Receivables 11 180 980 Cash and cash equivalents 12 13,479 13,378 13,659 14,358 Current liabilities Loans and borrowings 14 (40,000) – Payables 13 (9,509) (10,359) Net current (liabilities) / assets (35,850) 3,999 Non current liabilities Loans and borrowings 14 (1,137,534) (1,249,624) Net assets 1,230,005 1,279,361 Capital and reserves Called up share capital presented as equity 16 11,135 11,412 Share premium account 16 – 22,954 Capital redemption reserve 16 27,704 – Other distributable reserves 815,913 895,636 Retained earnings 375,253 349,359 Total shareholders’ funds 1,230,005 1,279,361 Net assets per share (cent) 17 110.5 112.1 Authorised for issue by the Board on 05 March 2025 and signed on its behalf by: Rónán Murphy Niamh Marshall Chairman Director The accompanying notes on pages 53 to 77 form an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 49 STRATEGIC REPORT GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Company Statement of Financial Position As at 31 December 2024 Note 31 December 2024 €’000 31 December 2023 €’000 Non current assets Investments at fair value through profit or loss 9 1,242,653 1,272,913 1,242,653 1,272,913 Current assets Receivables 11 2,765 5,205 Cash and cash equivalents 933 4,800 3,698 10,005 Current liabilities Payables 13 (16,346) (3,557) Net current (liabilities) / assets (12,648) 6,448 Net assets 1,230,005 1,279,361 Capital and reserves Called up share capital presented as equity 16 11,135 11,412 Share premium account 16 – 22,954 Capital redemption reserve 27,704 Other distributable reserves 815,913 895,636 Retained earnings 375,253 349,359 Total shareholders’ funds 1,230,005 1,279,361 Net assets per share (cent) 17 110.5 112.1 The Company has taken advantage of the exemption under section 304 of the Companies Act 2014 and accordingly has not presented a Statement of Comprehensive Income for the Company alone. The profit after tax of the Company for the year was €51.0 million (2023: €69.5 million). Authorised for issue by the Board on 05 March 2025 and signed on its behalf by: Rónán Murphy Niamh Marshall Chairman Director The accompanying notes on pages 53 to 77 form an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 50 Consolidated and Company Statement of Changes in Equity For the year ended 31 December 2024 For the year ended 31 December 2024 Note Share capital €’000 Share premium €’000 Other distributable reserves €’000 Capital redemption reserve €’000 Retained earnings €’000 Total €’000 Opening net assets attributable to shareholders (1 January 2024) 11,412 22,954 895,636 – 349,359 1,279,361 Dividends paid in the year 8 – – (75,250) – – (75,250) Share buyback (277) (22,954) (4,473) 27,704 (25,000) (25,000) Share buyback costs – – – – (78) (78) Profit and total comprehensive income for the year – – – – 50,972 50,972 Closing net assets attributable to shareholders 11,135 – 815,913 27,704 375,253 1,230,005 After taking account of cumulative unrealised gains in the fair value of investments of €140 million, the total reserves available for payment by way of a dividend, as at 31 December 2024, was €1,051 million. For the year ended 31 December 2023 Note Share capital €’000 Share premium €’000 Other distributable reserves €’000 Retained earnings €’000 Total €’000 Opening net assets attributable to shareholders (1 January 2023) 11,412 942,954 48,219 279,872 1,282,457 Dividends 8 – – (72,583) – (72,583) Reduction in share premium account – (920,000) 920,000 – – Profit and total comprehensive income for the year – – – 69,487 69,487 Closing net assets attributable to shareholders 11,412 22,954 895,636 349,359 1,279,361 After taking account of cumulative unrealised gains in the fair value of investments of €159 million, the total reserves available for payment by way of a dividend, as at 31 December 2023 was €1,086 million. The accompanying notes on pages 53 to 77 form an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 51 STRATEGIC REPORT GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows For the year ended 31 December 2024 Note For the year ended 31 December 2024 €’000 For the year ended 31 December 2023 €’000 Net cash flows from operating activities 18 86,645 127,360 Cash flows from investing activities Acquisition of investments (39,501) (566,545) Investment activity costs (802) (2,208) Repayment of shareholder loan investments 9 167,940 130,670 Net cash flows generated by / (used in) investing activities 127,637 (438,083) Cash flows from financing activities Share buyback 16 (25,000) – Share buyback costs (78) – Dividends paid 8 (75,250) (72,583) Amounts drawn down on loan facilities 14 167,000 748,000 Amounts repaid on loan facilities 14 (238,000) (343,000) Finance costs (42,853) (35,157) Net cash flows (used in) / from financing activities (214,181) 297,260 Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents during the year 101 (13,463) Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year 13,378 26,841 Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year 13,479 13,378 The accompanying notes on pages 53 to 77 form an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 52 Company Statement of Cash Flows For the year ended 31 December 2024 Note For the year ended 31 December 2024 €’000 For the year ended 31 December 2023 €’000 Net cash flows from operating activities 18 94,823 (12,417) Cash flows from investing activities Equity investments to Group companies 9 (111,107) (13,000) Repayment of loans advanced to Group companies 9 112,745 63,627 Repayment of shareholder loan investments 9 – 31,890 Net cash flows (used in) investing activities 1,638 82,517 Cash flows from financing activities Share capital buyback 16 (25,000) – Share buyback costs (78) – Dividends paid 8 (75,250) (72,583) Net cash flows (used in) financing activities (100,328) (72,583) Net increase in cash and cash equivalents during the year (3,867) (2,483) Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year 4,800 7,283 Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year 933 4,800 The accompanying notes on pages 53 to 77 form an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 53 STRATEGIC REPORT GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements For the year ended 31 December 2024 1. Material accounting policies Basis of accounting The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with IFRS to the extent that they have been adopted by the EU and with those parts of the Companies Act 2014 applicable to companies reporting under IFRS. These consolidated financial statements are presented in Euro (“€”) which is the functional currency and currency of the primary economic environment in which the Group operates and are rounded to the nearest thousand, unless otherwise stated. The annual consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis, as modified for the measurement of certain financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the going concern basis. The principal accounting policies are set out below. Going concern The Group’s business activities, together with the factors likely to affect its future development, performance and position, are set out in the Investment Manager’s Report on pages 6 to 15. The Group faces a number of risks and uncertainties, as set out in the Directors’ Report on pages 18 to 27. The financial risk management objectives and policies of the Group, including exposure to price risk, interest rate risk, credit risk and liquidity risk are discussed in note 19 to the financial statements. The Group continues to meet day-to-day liquidity needs through its cash resources. As at 31 December 2024, the Group have net current liabilities of €35.9 million (2023: net assets of €4.0 million) and had cash balances of €13.5 million (2023: €13.4 million). Cash balances (excluding restricted cash) held by investee companies amounted to €43.0 million (2023: €66.0 million). The Group and Company has sufficient cash balances at its disposal to meet current obligations as they fall due. The net current liabilities position of the Group at 31 December 2024 relates to the commitment to repay €40.0 million of the original €275.0 million Facility A upon maturity in October 2025 with the remaining €235.0 million subject to an agreement to extend for an additional 5 year term. The major cash outflows of the Group are the payment of dividends, costs relating to the acquisition of new assets and purchases of its own shares, all of which are discretionary. The Group has sufficient cash resources in order to fund its commitments as set out in note 15 to the financial statements. As the Company’s shares traded at an average discount to NAV of 20 per cent during the year, a continuation vote is to be proposed at the Company’s AGM in May 2025 in line with its Articles of Association. The Board believe that the Company’s share price performance during the year is reflective of its macroeconomic environment, and not of the financial prospects of the Company. The Board believes that the outcome of the shareholder continuation vote will not impair the Company’s ability to operate as a going concern. The Board has reviewed Group projections which cover a period of at least 12 months from the date of approval of this report. On the basis of this review, taking into account foreseeable changes in investment and trading performance, and after making due enquiries, the Directors have a reasonable expectation that the Company and the Group have adequate resources to continue in operational existence from the date of approval of this report to at least March 2026. Accordingly, they continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the financial statements. Accounting for subsidiaries The Directors have concluded that the Group has all the elements of control as prescribed by IFRS 10 “Consolidated Financial Statements” in relation to all its subsidiaries and that the Company satisfies the criteria to be regarded as an investment entity as defined in IFRS 10, IFRS 12 “Disclosure of Interests in Other Entities” and IAS 27 “Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements”. The three essential criteria are such that the entity must: 1. Obtain funds from one or more investors for the purpose of providing these investors with professional investment management services; 2. Commit to its investors that its business purpose is to invest its funds solely for returns from capital appreciation, investment income or both; and 3. Measure and evaluate the performance of substantially all of its investments on a fair value basis. In satisfying the second essential criteria, the notion of an investment time frame is critical. An investment entity should not hold its investments indefinitely but should have an exit strategy for their realisation. Although the Company has invested in equity interests in operating special purpose vehicles that have an indefinite life, the underlying renewable generation assets have an expected life of 30 years for onshore wind farms, 35 years for offshore wind farms and 40 years for solar. The Company intends to hold these assets for the remainder of their useful life to preserve the capital value of the Portfolio. However, as the renewable generation assets are expected to have no residual value after their expected life, the Directors consider that this demonstrates a clear exit strategy from these investments. Subsidiaries are therefore measured at fair value through profit or loss, in accordance with IFRS 13 “Fair Value Measurement” and IFRS 9 as permitted by IAS 27. The financial support provided by the Group to its unconsolidated subsidiaries is disclosed in note 10. Notwithstanding this, IFRS 10 requires subsidiaries that provide services that relate to the investment entity’s investment activities but are not themselves investment entities to be consolidated. Accordingly, the annual financial statements include the consolidated financial statements of the Company and Holdcos. In respect of these entities, intra-Group balances and any unrealised gains arising from intra-Group transactions are eliminated in preparing the consolidated financial statements. Unrealised losses are eliminated unless the costs cannot be recovered. The consolidated financial statements of subsidiaries that are included in the consolidated financial statements are included from the date that control commences until the dates that control ceases. GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 54 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements For the year ended 31 December 2024 continued 1. Material accounting policies (continued) Accounting for subsidiaries (continued) In the Parent Company’s financial statements, investments in subsidiaries are measured at fair value through profit or loss in accordance with IFRS 9, as permitted by IAS 27. Accounting for associates and joint ventures The Group has taken the exemption permitted by IAS 28 “Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures” and IFRS 11 “Joint Arrangements” for entities similar to investment entities and measures its investments in associates and joint ventures at fair value. The Directors consider an associate to be an entity over which the Group has significant influence, through an ownership of between 20 per cent and 50 per cent. The Group’s associates and joint ventures are disclosed in note 10. New and amended standards and interpretations applied The following new and amended standards or interpretations are effective for the first time for periods beginning on or after 1 January 2024. The impact of these new and amended standards are not material to the reported results and financial position of the Group: • Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-Current (Amendments to IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements); • Non-current Liabilities with Covenants (Amendments to IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements) as set out in Note 14; and • Supplier Finance Arrangements (Amendments to IAS 7 Statement of Cash Flow and IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures); New and amended standards and interpretations not applied At the date of authorisation of these financial statements, the following new standards had been published and will be effective in future accounting periods. Effective for accounting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2025: • Lack of Exchangeability (Amendments to IAS 21 The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates). Effective for accounting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2026: • Classification and measurement of financial instruments (Amendments to IFRS 9 Financial Instruments and IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures. Effective for accounting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2027: • IFRS 18 Presentation and Disclosures in Financial Statements; and • IFRS 19 Subsidiaries without Public Accountability: Disclosures. Consolidation Consolidated entities are all entities over which the Company has control. The Company controls an entity when the Company has power over the entity, is exposed to, or has rights to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the entity. Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date on which control is transferred to the Company. They are derecognised from the date that control ceases. The Company applies the acquisition method to account for business combinations. The consideration transferred for the acquisition of a subsidiary (for accounting purposes) is the fair value of the assets transferred, the liabilities incurred to the former owners of the acquiree and the equity interests issued by the Company. The consideration transferred includes the fair value of any asset or liability resulting from a contingent consideration arrangement. Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are measured initially at their fair values at the acquisition date. The Company recognises any non-controlling interest in the acquiree on an acquisition-by-acquisition basis, either at fair value or at the non-controlling interest’s proportionate share of the recognised amounts of the acquiree’s identifiable net assets. The following table outlines the consolidated entities. Investment Date of Control Registered Office Ownership % Country of Incorporation Place of Business Holdco 9 March 2017 Riverside One, Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2 100% Ireland Ireland Holdco 1 2 March 2020 Riverside One, Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2 100% Ireland Ireland Holdco 2 2 March 2020 Riverside One, Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2 100% Ireland Ireland GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 55 STRATEGIC REPORT GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements For the year ended 31 December 2024 1. Material accounting policies (continued) Consolidation (continued) Based on control, the results of Holdco, Holdco 1 and Holdco 2 are consolidated into the Consolidated Financial Statements. Acquisition related costs are expensed as incurred. Inter-company transactions, balances and unrealised gains on transactions between group companies are eliminated on Consolidation. Unrealised losses are also eliminated. When necessary, amounts reported by subsidiaries have been adjusted to conform to the Company’s accounting policies. During the year, no such adjustments have been made, given all subsidiaries have uniform accounting policies. Financial instruments Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised in the Group’s Consolidated Statement of Financial Position when the Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. At 31 December 2024 and 2023, the carrying amounts of cash at bank, security cash deposits, receivables, payables, accrued expenses and short term borrowings reflected in the financial statements are reasonable estimates of fair value in view of the nature of these instruments or the relatively short period of time between the original instruments and their expected realisation. The fair value of advances and other balances with related parties which are short term or repayable on demand is equivalent to their carrying amount. Financial assets The classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the purpose for which the financial asset was acquired and its characteristics. All financial assets are initially recognised at fair value. All purchases of financial assets are recorded at the date on which the Group became party to the contractual requirements of the financial asset. The Group’s and Company’s financial assets at 31 December 2024 principally comprise of investments held at fair value through profit or loss and receivables. Receivables at amortised cost Impairment provisions for receivables are recognised based on a forward looking expected credit loss model. All financial assets assessed under this model are immaterial to the financial statements. Financial assets held at fair value through profit or loss Investments are designated upon initial recognition as held at fair value through profit or loss. Gains or losses resulting from the movement in fair value of the Group’s loan and equity investments are recognised in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income at each valuation point. As shareholder loan investments form part of a managed portfolio of assets whose performance is evaluated on a fair value basis, loan investments are designated at fair value in line with equity investments. The Company’s loan and equity investments in Holdcos are held at fair value through profit or loss. Gains or losses resulting from the movement in fair value are recognised in the Company’s Statement of Comprehensive Income at each valuation point. Fair value is defined as the amount for which an asset could be exchanged between knowledgeable willing parties in an arm’s length transaction. Fair value is calculated on a discounted cash flow basis in accordance with IFRS 13 and IFRS 9. Recognition and derecognition of financial assets Financial assets are recognised/derecognised at the date of the purchase/disposal. Investments are initially recognised at cost, being the fair value of consideration given. Transaction costs are recognised in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income as incurred. A financial asset (in whole or in part) is derecognised either: • when the Group has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership; or • when it has neither transferred or retained substantially all the risks and rewards and when it no longer has control over the assets or a portion of the asset; or • when the contractual right to receive cash flow has expired. GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 56 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements For the year ended 31 December 2024 continued 1. Material accounting policies (continued) Financial liabilities Financial liabilities are classified according to the substance of the contractual agreements entered into. All financial liabilities are initially recognised at fair value net of transaction costs incurred. All financial liabilities are recorded on the date on which the Group becomes party to the contractual requirements of the financial liability. All loans and borrowings are initially recognised at cost, being fair value of the consideration received, less issue costs where applicable. After initial recognition, all interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method. Loan balances as at the year end have not been discounted to reflect amortised cost, as the amounts are not materially different from the outstanding balances. The Group has entered into a number of interest rate swaps which are treated as a single fixed rate loan agreement, which effectively set interest rates payable at fixed rates, as the contractual agreements for the loan and swap are directly linked, were executed at the same time, are not independently transferable, there is a common counterparty for loan and swap instruments and all loan and swap instruments are co terminus and their commercial and financial terms reflect each other. The Group’s other financial liabilities measured at amortised cost include trade and other payables and other short term monetary liabilities which are initially recognised at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method. A financial liability (in whole or in part) is derecognised when the Group has extinguished its contractual obligations, it expires or is cancelled. Any gain or loss on de-recognition is taken to the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income. Finance expenses Borrowing costs are recognised in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income in the period to which they relate on an accruals basis. Share capital Financial instruments issued by the Company are treated as equity if the holder has only a residual interest in the assets of the Company after the deduction of all liabilities. The Company’s ordinary shares are classified as equity instruments. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of new shares are shown in share premium as a deduction from proceeds. Incremental costs include those incurred in connection with the placing and admission which include fees payable under a placing agreement, legal costs and any other applicable expenses. Repurchase of ordinary share capital Where ordinary shares have been repurchased and cancelled, the nominal value of the ordinary share capital repurchased is transferred out of share capital and into the capital redemption reserve. The cost of repurchasing the ordinary shares is recognised in the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity and included within retained earnings. No gain or loss is recognised within the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income on the purchase, sale, issue or cancellation of the Company’s own equity investments. Share repurchase transactions are accounted for on a trade date basis. Costs in relation to the repurchase of ordinary shares and transaction costs are recognised in the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity. Dividends Dividends payable are recognised as distributions in the consolidated financial statements when the Company’s obligation to make payment has been established. Income recognition Dividend income and interest income on shareholder loan investments is recognised when the Group’s entitlement to receive payment is established. Other income is accounted for on an accruals basis. Gains or losses resulting from the movement in fair value of the Group’s and Company’s investments held at fair value through profit and loss are recognised in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income at each valuation point. Segmental reporting Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision-maker. The chief operating decision-maker, who is responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance of the operating segments, has been identified as the Board of Directors, as a whole. The key measure of performance used by the Board to assess the Group’s performance and to allocate resources is the total return on the Group’s net assets, as calculated under IFRS and therefore no reconciliation is required between the measure of profit or loss used by the Board and that contained in the consolidated financial statements. For management purposes, the Group is organised into one main operating segment, which invests in renewable generation and storage assets. The Group is engaged in a single segment of business, being investment in renewable infrastructure to generate investment returns while preserving capital. The Group presents the business as a single segment comprising a homogeneous portfolio. GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 57 STRATEGIC REPORT GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements For the year ended 31 December 2024 2. Critical accounting judgements, estimates and assumptions The preparation of the financial statements requires the application of estimates and assumptions which may affect the results reported in the financial statements. Estimates, by their nature, are based on judgement and available information. Classification of an investment entity One area of judgement relates to the Company’s classification as an investment entity as defined in IFRS 10, IFRS 12 and IAS 27. This conclusion involved a degree of judgement and assessment as to whether the Company met the criteria outlined in the accounting standards. IFRS 10 requires that a Company has to fulfil 3 criteria to be an investment entity: • obtains funds from one or more investors for the purpose of providing those investor(s) with investment management services; • Commits to its investor(s) that its business purpose is to invest funds solely for returns from capital appreciation, investment income, or both; and • measures and evaluates the performance of substantially all of its investments on a fair value basis. IFRS 10 also determines that an investment entity would have the following typical characteristics: • it has more than one investment; • it has more than one investor; • it has investors that are not related parties; and • it has ownership interest in the form of equity or similar interests. An entity that does not display all of the above characteristics could, nevertheless, meet the definition of an investment entity. The estimates and assumptions that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying value of assets and liabilities are those used to determine the fair value of the investments as disclosed in note 9 to the financial statements. The Directors have concluded that the Company meets the definition of an investment entity. Fair value of investments The key assumptions that have a significant impact on the carrying value of investments that are valued by reference to the discounted value of future cash flows are the useful life of the assets, the discount rates, the level of wind resource or irradiation, the rate of inflation, the price at which the power and associated benefits can be sold and the amount of electricity the assets are expected to produce. A sensitivity analysis of these assumptions is included in note 9. Useful lives are based on the Investment Manager’s estimates of the period over which the assets will generate revenue which are periodically reviewed for continued appropriateness. The standard assumption used for the useful life of an onshore wind farm is 30 years, 35 years for an offshore wind farm and 40 years for a solar farm, which is commonly used by similar investment companies that invest in renewable generation assets. Other factors for consideration are the lengths of site leases and planning permission of the wind farms, which the Investment Manager monitors closely. The Investment Manager fully expects to be able to renew leases and planning requirements on or before their renewal dates. The discount rates are subjective and therefore it is feasible that a reasonable alternative assumption may be used resulting in a different value. The discount rates applied to the cash flows are reviewed quarterly by the Investment Manager to ensure they are at the appropriate level. The Investment Manager will take into consideration market transactions, where of similar nature, when considering changes to the discount rates used. The revenues and expenditure of the investee companies are frequently, partly or wholly subject to indexation and an assumption is made that inflation will increase at a long term rate. The price at which the output from the revenue generating assets is sold is a factor of both wholesale electricity prices and the revenue received under various government support regimes. Future power prices are estimated using external third-party forecasts which take the form of specialist consultancy reports, which reflect various factors including gas prices, carbon prices and renewables deployment, each of which reflect the global response to climate change. The future power price assumptions are reviewed as and when these forecasts are updated. There is an inherent uncertainty in future wholesale electricity price projection. Specifically commissioned external reports are used to estimate the expected electrical output from the renewable generating assets taking into account the expected average wind speed at each location and generation data from historical operation. The actual electrical output may differ considerably from that estimated in such a report mainly due to the variability of actual wind to that modelled in any one period. Assumptions around electrical output will be reviewed only if there is good reason to suggest there has been a material change in this expectation. GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 58 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements For the year ended 31 December 2024 continued 3. Investment management fees Under the terms of the Investment Management Agreement, the Investment Manager is entitled to a management fee from the Company, which is calculated quarterly in arrears in accordance with the Investment Management Agreement. The Fee is calculated in respect of each quarter and in each case based upon the NAV: • on that part of the NAV up to and including €1 billion, an amount equal to 0.25% of such part of the NAV; • 0.2% of NAV per quarter on that part of NAV from €1 billion to €1.75 billion; and • 0.1875% of NAV per quarter on that part of NAV over €1.75 billion. Investment management fees paid or accrued in the years ended 31 December 2024 and 31 December 2023 were as follows: For the year ended 31 December 2024 €’000 For the year ended 31 December 2023 €’000 Investment management fees 11,862 12,369 11,862 12,369 As at 31 December 2024, €2,960,294 was payable in relation to investment management fees (2023: €3,224,623). 4. Return on investments For the year ended 31 December 2024 €’000 For the year ended 31 December 2023 €’000 Interest on shareholder loan investment (Note 20) 88,987 68,961 Dividends received (Note 20) 41,040 83,551 Unrealised movement in fair value of investments (Note 9) (18,727) (29,164) Realised gain on sale of investments 2,470 – 113,770 123,348 5. Operating expenses For the year ended 31 December 2024 €’000 For the year ended 31 December 2023 €’000 Investment management fees (Note 3) 11,862 12,369 Other expenses 2,610 2,751 Non-executive Directors’ remuneration 616 472 Group and SPV administration fees 285 285 Fees to the Company’s Auditor: for audit of the statutory financial statements 147 128 for other services 4 3 15,524 16,008 Other expenses primarily related to costs associated with consulting, legal and other professional services. The fees to the Company’s Auditor include €3,680 (2023: €3,300) paid in relation to a limited review of the Interim Report during the year. GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 59 STRATEGIC REPORT GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements For the year ended 31 December 2024 6. Taxation For the year ended 31 December 2024 €’000 For the year ended 31 December 2023 €’000 Taxation 2,332 3,526 The tax reconciliation is explained below. For the year ended 31 December 2024 €’000 For the year ended 31 December 2023 €’000 Profit for the year before taxation 53,304 73,013 Profit for the year multiplied by the standard rate of corporation tax of 12.5% 6,663 9,127 Tax on income at a higher rate – 2,318 Fair value movements (not subject to taxation) 460 3,646 Dividends received (not subject to taxation) (5,130) (10,444) Group relief at standard rate of tax (541) – Group relief at higher rate of tax – (1,927) Other net income/expenditure not taxable/deductible 880 (63) Prior period taxation recognised in current period – 869 2,332 3,526 7. Earnings per share For the year ended 31 December 2024 For the year ended 31 December 2023 Profit attributable to equity holders of the Company – €’000 50,972 69,487 Weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue 1,128,405,562 1,141,238,938 Basic and diluted earnings from continuing operations in the year (cent) 4.5 6.1 8. Dividends declared with respect to the year Interim dividends paid during the year ended 31 December 2024 Dividend per Share cent Total Dividend €’000 With respect to the quarter ended 31 December 2023 1.605 18,317 With respect to the quarter ended 31 March 2024 1.685 19,230 With respect to the quarter ended 30 June 2024 1.685 18,940 With respect to the quarter ended 30 September 2024 1.685 18,763 6.660 75,250 Interim dividends declared after 31 December 2024 and not accrued in the year Dividend per Share cent Total Dividend €’000 With respect to the quarter ended 31 December 2024 1.685 18,763 1.685 18,763 On 30 January 2025, the Company announced a dividend of 1.685 cent per share with respect to the quarter ended 31 December 2024, bringing the total dividend declared with respect to the year to 31 December 2024 to 6.74 cent per share. The record date for the dividend was 7 February 2025 and the payment date was 28 February 2025. GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 60 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements For the year ended 31 December 2024 continued 8. Dividends declared with respect to the year (continued) The following table shows dividends paid in the prior year. Interim dividends paid during the year ended 31 December 2023 Dividend per Share cent Total Dividend €’000 With respect to the quarter ended 31 December 2022 1.545 17,632 With respect to the quarter ended 31 March 2023 1.605 18,317 With respect to the quarter ended 30 June 2023 1.605 18,317 With respect to the quarter ended 30 September 2023 1.605 18,317 6.360 72,583 9. Investments at fair value through profit or loss Group As at 31 December 2024 €’000 As at 31 December 2023 €’000 Opening balance 2,524,986 2,109,570 Additions 35,710 566,545 Capitalised interest 3,791 – Repayment of shareholders loan investments (Note 20) (155,363) (130,670) Shareholder loan loss of disposal (Note 20) (12,577) – Unrealised movement in fair value of investments 6,842 (20,459) 2,403,389 2,524,986 Company As at 31 December 2024 €’000 As at 31 December 2023 €’000 Opening balance 1,272,913 1,278,474 Additions 111,107 13,000 Repayment of shareholders loan investments (Note 20) (112,745) (95,518) Unrealised movement in fair value of investments (28,622) 76,957 1,242,653 1,272,913 The investments made in underlying assets are carried at fair value through profit and loss. The investments are typically made through a combination of shareholder loans and equity into the SPVs which own the underlying asset. The nominal value of the shareholder loan investments are shown in the table below for illustrative purposes. Group as at 31 December 2024 Loans €’000 Equity interest €’000 Total €’000 Opening balance 1,544,464 980,522 2,524,986 Additions 32,781 2,929 35,710 Capitalised interest 3,791 – 3,791 Repayment of shareholder loan investments (Note 20) (155,363) – (155,363) Shareholder loan loss of disposal (Note 20) (12,577) – (12,577) Unrealised movement in fair value of investments (Note 4) 10,522 (3,680) 6,842 Total 1,423,618 979,771 2,403,389 GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 61 STRATEGIC REPORT GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements For the year ended 31 December 2024 9. Investments at fair value through profit or loss (continued) Group as at 31 December 2023 Loans €’000 Equity interest €’000 Total €’000 Opening balance 1,266,417 843,153 2,109,570 Additions 400,012 166,533 566,545 Repayment of shareholder loan investments (Note 20) (130,670) – (130,670) Unrealised movement in fair value of investments (Note 4) 8,705 (29,164) (20,459) Total 1,544,464 980,522 2,524,986 Company as at 31 December 2024 Loans €’000 Equity interest €’000 Total €’000 Opening balance 470,828 802,085 1,272,913 Equity investments – 111,107 111,107 Loans repaid by SPVs (112,745) – (112,745) Unrealised movement in fair value of investments – (28,622) (28,622) Total 358,083 884,570 1,242,653 Company as at 31 December 2023 Loans €’000 Equity interest €’000 Total €’000 Opening balance 566,346 712,128 1,278,474 Equity investments – 13,000 13,000 Loans repaid by Holdcos (63,627) – (63,627) Loans repaid by SPVs (31,890) – (31,890) Unrealised movement in fair value of investments – 76,957 76,957 Total 470,828 802,085 1,272,913 The unrealised movement in fair value of investments of the Group during the year were made up as follows: For the year ended 31 December 2024 €’000 For the year ended 31 December 2023 €’000 Decrease in valuation of investments (77,440) (107,185) Value of additions and disposals (12,780) – Other adjustments (3,584) – Movement in swap fair values within SPVs 165 (158) Repayment of debt at SPV level 7,763 7,187 Prepayment of debt at SPV level – 12,211 Repayment of shareholder loan investments 155,363 130,670 Movement in cash balances of SPVs (35,721) (59,136) Loan Additions (35,710) – Take on Accrued Interest (3,791) – Shareholder loan loss of disposal 12,577 (4,048) Unrealised movement in fair value of investments (Note 9) 6,842 (20,459) GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 62 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements For the year ended 31 December 2024 continued 9. Investments at fair value through profit or loss (continued) Fair value measurements IFRS 13 requires disclosure of fair value measurement by level. The level of fair value hierarchy which the financial assets or financial liabilities are recognised is on the basis of the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Financial assets and financial liabilities are classified in their entirety into only one of the following 3 levels: • Level 1 – quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; • Level 2 – inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the assets or liabilities, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices); and • Level 3 – inputs for assets or liabilities that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs). The determination of what constitutes “observable” requires significant judgement by the Group. The Group considers observable data to be market data that is readily available, regularly distributed or updated, reliable and verifiable, not proprietary and provided by independent sources that are actively involved in the relevant market. The only financial instruments held at fair value are the investments held by the Group in the SPVs, which are fair valued at each reporting date. The Group’s investments have been classified within level 3 as the investments are not traded and contain unobservable inputs. The Company’s investments are all considered to be level 3 assets. As the fair value of the Company’s equity and loan investments in Holdcos is ultimately determined by the underlying fair values of the SPV investments, the Company’s sensitivity analysis of reasonably possible alternative input assumptions is the same as for the Group. Due to the nature of the investments, they are always expected to be classified as level 3. There have been no transfers between levels during the year ended 31 December 2024. Any transfers between the levels would be accounted for on the last day of each financial period. The Investment Manager carries out the asset valuations, which form part of the NAV calculation. These asset valuations are based on discounted cash flow methodology in line with IPEV Valuation Guidelines and adjusted where appropriate, given the special nature of renewable generation investments. Valuations are derived using a discounted cash flow methodology in line with IPEV Valuation Guidelines and take into account, inter alia, the following: • due diligence findings where relevant; • the terms of any material contracts including PPAs; • asset performance; • power price forecast from a leading market consultant; and • the economic, taxation or regulatory environment. The DCF valuation of the Group’s investments represents the largest component of GAV and the key sensitivities are considered to be the discount rate used in the DCF valuation and long term assumptions in relation to inflation, energy yield, power prices and asset life. The base case discount rate is a blend of a lower discount rate for fixed cash flows and a higher discount rate for merchant cash flows. The Portfolio’s blended unlevered discount rate as at 31 December 2024 was 7.2%. The DCF valuation is produced by discounting the individual SPV cash flows on an unlevered basis. The equivalent levered discount rate (assuming 40% gearing) is approximately 9.3%. Base case long term CPI assumption is 2.0% for all countries based on long term target of the ECB and European central banks, with slightly higher inflation assumptions for 2025 and 2026. A variance of +/- 0.5% is considered to be a reasonable range of alternative assumptions for both discount and inflation rate. Base case energy yield assumptions are P50 (50% probability of exceedance) forecasts based on long term wind data and operational history. The P90 (90% probability of exceedance over a 10 year period) and P10 (10% probability of exceedance over a 10 year period) sensitivities reflect the future variability of wind and the uncertainty associated with the long term data source being representative of the long term mean. Long term power price forecasts are provided by leading market consultants, updated quarterly and may be adjusted by the Investment Manager where more conservative assumptions are considered appropriate. The base case asset life depends on the technology as those are underpinned by different design life. As a result, the Portfolio’s typical lifetime of assets is noted below: • wind onshore assets 30 years; • wind offshore assets 35 years; and • solar assets 40 years. There is no terminal value assumed at the end of operating life. GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 63 STRATEGIC REPORT GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements For the year ended 31 December 2024 9. Investments at fair value through profit or loss (continued) Fair value measurements (continued) The sensitivity below assumes that asset life may be 5 years shorter or longer than the base case, which is impacted by technical durability of the wind and solar farms components and commercial aspects of each investment, including the renewals of site leases, planning permission and grid connection agreements. Sensitivity analysis The fair value of the Group’s investments is €2,403,389,450 (2023: €2,524,985,697). The following analysis is provided to illustrate the sensitivity of the fair value of investments to a change in an individual input, while all other variables remain constant. The Board considers these changes in inputs to be within reasonable expected ranges. This is not intended to imply the likelihood of change or that possible changes in value would be restricted to this range. Input Base case Change in input Change in fair value of investments €’000 Change in NAV per share cent Discount rate 6-7% +0.25% -0.25% (38,468) 39,672 (3.5) 3.6 Energy yield P50 10-year P90 10-year P10 (156,343) 155,298 (14) 13.9 Power price Forecast by leading consultant -10% 10% (198,919) 196,337 (17.9) 17.6 Inflation rate 2.0% Long term - 0.5% +0.5% (72,196) 77,397 (6.5) 7.0 Asset Life 30 years (onshore)/ - 5 years (208,956) (18.8) 35 years (offshore)/ 40 years (solar) + 5 years 147,854 13.3 The sensitivities above are assumed to be independent of each other. Combined sensitivities are not presented. GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 64 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements For the year ended 31 December 2024 continued 10. Unconsolidated subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures The following table shows subsidiaries of the Group. As the Company is regarded as an investment entity as referred to in note 1, these subsidiaries have not been consolidated in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements: Investment Place of Business Registered Office Ownership Interest as at 31 December 2024 Ballybane Windfarms Limited Ireland Riverside One, Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2 100% Beam Wind Limited Ireland Riverside One, Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2 100% Carrickallen Wind Limited Ireland Riverside One, Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2 50% Cloosh Valley Wind Farm Holdings DAC(1) Ireland 6th Floor, South Bank House, Barrow Street, Dublin 4 75% Cloghan Wind Farm Limited Ireland Riverside One, Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2 100% Cnoc Windfarms Limited(2) Ireland Riverside One, Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2 100% Cordal Windfarm Holdings Limited(3) Ireland Riverside One, Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2 100% Cregg Wind Farm Limited(4) Ireland Riverside One, Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2 100% Glencarbry Windfarm Limited Ireland Riverside One, Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2 100% Gortahile Windfarm Limited Ireland Riverside One, Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2 100% GRW1 AH Limited(5) Ireland Riverside One, Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2 100% Killala Community Wind Farm DAC Ireland Riverside One, Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2 100% Killhills Windfarm Limited Ireland Riverside One, Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2 100% Knockacummer Wind Farm Limited Ireland Riverside One, Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2 100% Knocknalour Wind Farm Limited Ireland Riverside One, Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2 100% Kostroma Holdings Limited(6) Ireland Riverside One, Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2 100% Lisdowney Wind Farm Limited Ireland Riverside One, Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2 100% Meenaward Wind Farm Limited(7) Ireland Riverside One, Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2 100% Monaincha Sigatoka Wind Holdings DAC(8) Ireland Riverside One, Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2 100% Raheenleagh Power DAC Ireland Two Gateway, East Wall Road, Dublin 3 50% Ronaver Energy Limited(9) Ireland Riverside One, Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2 100% Seahound Wind Developments Limited(10) Ireland Riverside One, Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2 100% Sliabh Bawn Wind Holdings DAC(11) Ireland Dublin Road, Newtownmountkennedy, Co. Wicklow 25% SMSF Holdings Limited(12) Ireland Riverside One, Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2 50% Tra Investments Limited(13) Ireland Riverside One, Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2 100% Tullynamoyle Wind Farm II Limited Ireland Riverside One, Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2 100% 1 The Group’s investment in Cloosh Valley is held through Cloosh Valley Wind Farm Holdings DAC 2 The Group’s investment in Cnoc Energy Supply is held through Cnoc Windfarm Holdings Limited 3 The Group’s investment in Cordal Windfarms and Oak Energy Supply Limited is held through Cordal Windfarm Holdings Limited 4 The Group’s investment in Taghart is held through Cregg Wind Farm Limited 5 The Group’s investment in GRP Sweden Holdings AB(14), Boston Holding A/S (Danish HoldCo)(15), GRP Germany Holdings GmbH(16), GRP Luxembourg Holding S.à r.l(17), GRP SGPM Butendiek Holding S.à r.l(17), Soliedra, Torrubia, Pasilly, Saint Martin and Sommette is held through GRW1 AH Limited 6 The Group’s investment in Glanaruddery is held through Kostroma Holdings Limited 7 The Group’s investment in Beam Hill Extension is held through Meenaward Wind Farm Limited 8 The Group’s investments in Monaincha and Garranereagh are held through Monaincha Sigatoka Wind Holdings DAC 9 The Group’s investment in Tullahennel is held through Ronaver Energy Limited 10 The Group’s investment in Letteragh is held through Seahound Wind Developments Limited 11 The Group’s investment in Sliabh Bawn Power and Sliabh Bawn Supply is held through Sliabh Bawn Wind Holdings DAC 12 The Group’s investment in South Meath Solar Farm Ltd is held through SMSF Holding Limited 13 The Group’s investment in Ballincollig Hill is held through Tra Investments Limited 14 The Group’s investment in Erstrask South and Erstrask North is held through GRP Sweden Holdings AB Limited 15 The Group’s investment in Borkum is held through Boston Holding A/S (Danish HoldCo) 16 The Group’s investment in Genonville, Grande Piece, Menonville and Arcy Precy is held through GRP Germany Holdings GmbH 17 The Group’s investment in Butendiek is held through GRP Luxembourg Holding S.à r.l and GRP SGPM Butendiek Holding S.à r.l GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 65 STRATEGIC REPORT GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements For the year ended 31 December 2024 10. Unconsolidated subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures (continued) Security deposits and guarantees provided by the Group on behalf of its investments are as follows: Entity Investment Bank Type Purpose Amount €’000 The Company Killhills AIB Cash and Counter-indemnity Planning 100 The Company Soliedra Caixa Cash and Counter-indemnity Planning 563 The Company Tullahennel Santander Cash and Counter-indemnity PPA 3,480 Holdco Killala AIB Cash and Counter-indemnity MEC 605 The fair value of cash security deposits is €4.1 million. In addition, the Company has provided a parent company guarantee in respect of the forward sale as detailed in note 15, which is fully covered through the Group’s RCF and existing cash resources. Further, the Company has also provided a parent company guarantee in respect of commitments under a PPA signed with Ballybane Windfarms Limited. The expectation that any of the guarantees crystalise is considered highly unlikely. 11. Receivables Group 31 December 2024 €’000 31 December 2023 €’000 Sundry receivables – 8 VAT receivable 30 50 Prepayments 45 33 Accrued income 105 889 180 980 Company 31 December 2024 €’000 31 December 2023 €’000 Interest Receivable 2,233 4,805 Due from SPVs 456 334 VAT receivable 9 30 Prepayments 38 28 Sundry Receivable 29 8 2,765 5,205 The Company has reviewed the receivable from SPVs in accordance with IFRS 9 “Financial Instruments” and has not accounted for any expected credit losses following an assessment by the Company which concluded that any expected losses would be immaterial. As at 5 March 2025, the current balance outstanding is €455,963. 12. Cash and cash equivalents The total of Group cash is €13.5 million (2023: €13.4 million) and is held in current accounts with AIB. GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 66 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements For the year ended 31 December 2024 continued 13. Payables Group 31 December 2024 €’000 31 December 2023 €’000 Investment management fee payable 2,960 3,225 Other payables 1,530 2,274 Deferred Consideration 301 301 Acquisition costs payable 526 320 Loan interest payable 1,146 1,484 Commitment fee payable 2,746 97 Corporation tax payable 300 2,658 9,509 10,359 Company 31 December 2024 €’000 31 December 2023 €’000 Investment management fee payable 2,960 3,225 Amount owed to Holdco 2 12,705 – Revenue Commissioner (PAYE / PRSI) 67 57 Other payables 614 275 16,346 3,557 14. Loans and borrowings The Company did not hold any loans or borrowings at 31 December 2024 (2023: €nil). Group at 31 December 2024 31 December 2024 €’000 31 December 2023 €’000 Opening balance 1,249,624 846,080 Revolving Credit Facility Drawdowns 17,000 573,000 Repayments (238,000) (343,000) Finance costs capitalised during the year – (4,066) Amortisation 1,357 1,290 Term debt facilities Drawdowns 150,000 175,000 Finance costs capitalised during the year (4,155) (49) Amortisation 1,708 1,369 Closing balance 1,177,534 1,249,624 Reconciled as Current liabilities 40,000 – Non-current liabilities 1,137,534 1,249,624 Closing balance 1,177,534 1,249,624 GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 67 STRATEGIC REPORT GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements For the year ended 31 December 2024 14. Loans and borrowings (continued) The finance costs associated with the RCF and term debt facilities that were capitalised and amortised during the year ended 31 December 2024 amounted to €4.2 million (2023: €4.1 million). For the year ended 31 December 2024 €’000 For the year ended 31 December 2023 €’000 Loan interest 39,998 29,955 Professional fees 95 94 Amortised facility arrangement fees 3,065 2,658 Commitment fees 916 1,015 Finance expense 44,074 33,722 In relation to non current loans and borrowings, the Directors are of the view that the current market interest rate is not significantly different to the respective instruments’ contractual interest rates, therefore the fair value of the non current loans and borrowings at the end of the reporting period is not significantly different from their carrying amounts. RCF The Group maintains a €350 million RCF provided by CIBC, RBC and Commerzbank at a margin of 1.4% per annum plus EURIBOR, with a repayment date of 13 February 2026 with two one-year extension provisions. The Group is obliged to pay a quarterly commitment fee of 0.49% per annum of the undrawn commitment available under the facility. Lenders’ security consists of comprehensive debentures incorporating a fixed and floating charge over the Group including a charge over the Group’s bank accounts and shares in the underlying investments. As at 31 December 2024, the principal balance of the RCF outstanding was €109 million (2023: €330 million), which is recorded as a non-current liability. Term debt facilities of the Group are detailed below: Facility A In April 2021, the Group increased the aggregate 5-year term debt arrangements adding ING into the banking syndicate. Details of the Group’s term debt facilities and associated interest rate swaps are set out in the tables below: Provider Maturity date Loan margin % Swap fixed rate % Loan principal €’000 CBA 7 October 2025 1.55 (0.399) 75,000 NAB 7 October 2025 1.55 (0.399) 75,000 ING 7 October 2025 1.55 (0.300) 75,000 Natwest 7 October 2025 1.55 (0.396) 50,000 275,000 These loans contain swaps that are contractually linked. Accordingly, they have been treated as single fixed rate loan agreements. The weighted average cost of Facility A is 1.2%. On 18 December 2024, the Group entered into an Amendment and Restatement Agreement to extend the facility for another 5 year term from 7 October 2025 to 7 October 2030. The amount refinanced is €235 million with a loan margin of 1.65%. Facility B In July 2021, the Group entered into a 7-year fixed rate term debt arrangement with AXA. Details are set out in the table below: Provider Maturity date Loan margin % Mid swap rate % Loan principal €’000 AXA 30 September 2028 1.85 (0.141) 150,000 AXA 30 September 2028 1.85 (0.045) 50,000 200,000 The weighted average cost of debt of Facility B is 1.7%. GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 68 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements For the year ended 31 December 2024 continued 14. Loans and borrowings (continued) Facility C In April 2022, the Group entered into a new 5-year term debt arrangement with the existing term debt lenders, being, CBA, ING, NAB and NatWest. Details of the Group’s term debt facilities under Facility C and associated interest rate swaps are set out in the below table: Provider Maturity date Loan margin % Swap fixed rate % Loan principal €’000 CBA 01 April 2027 1.45 2.062 75,000 NAB 01 April 2027 1.45 2.057 75,000 ING 01 April 2027 1.45 2.059 75,000 Natwest 01 April 2027 1.45 2.077 50,000 275,000 These loans contain swaps that are contractually linked. Accordingly, they have been treated as single fixed rate loan agreements. The weighted average cost of debt of Facility C is 3.5%. Facility D In March 2023, the Group entered into a 7-year term debt arrangement with AXA and NNIP. The term debt of €175 million was utilised in two tranches on 29 March 2023 (€152.5 million and €22.5 million). Details are set out in the below table: Provider Maturity date Loan margin % Base Rate % Loan principal €’000 NNIP 28 March 2030 1.85 2.94 50,000 AXA 28 March 2030 1.85 2.94 102,500 AXA 28 March 2030 1.85 EURIBOR 22,500 175,000 The weighted average cost of debt of Facility D is 4.8%. Facility E On 1 February 2024, the Group entered into a 5-year term debt arrangement (‘’Facility E”), with a syndicate of lenders including two existing lenders NAB and CBA and a new lender Rabobank. The aggregate term debt commitment under the facility is €150 million with each lender committing €50 million. The loan has a floating rate with a 1.45% margin plus EURIBOR. Further, an interest rate swap was entered into to fix the debt for the term of the agreement. The loan was fully drawn on 15 February 2024. Details are set out in the below table: Provider Maturity date Loan margin % Swap fixed rate % Loan principal €’000 CBA 1 February 2029 1.55 2.6230 50,000 NAB 1 February 2029 1.55 2.6175 50,000 Rabobank 1 February 2029 1.55 2.6210 50,000 150,000 These loans contain swaps that are contractually linked. Accordingly, they have been treated as single fixed rate loan agreements. The weighted average cost of debt of Facility E is 4.07%. All borrowing ranks pari passu with a debenture over the assets of, Holdco 1 and Holdco 2 and a floating charge over Holdco 1 and Holdco 2’s bank accounts. Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-Current (Amendments to IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements) The Group’s debt facilities amount to €1,184 million (2023: €1,255 million) and are made up term debt and a RCF. The Group’s debt facilities are administered under a Common Terms Agreement (“CTA”) which includes a requirement to report against gearing and interest cover covenants on a quarterly basis. At 31 December 2024, the Groups’ gearing was 56.6% compared to a covenant of 70%. At 31 December 2024, the Groups’ interest cover ratio was 4.4x compared to a covenant of 2.5x. Based on the Groups’ most recent covenant position at 31 December 2024 the facility agreements are classified as non-current liabilities. GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 69 STRATEGIC REPORT GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements For the year ended 31 December 2024 15. Contingencies and Commitments In August 2023, the Group entered into an acquisition agreement to acquire the 50.0MW Andella wind farm in Valladolid, Spain. The asset is currently under construction with commencement of commercial operations expected in H1 2025. This transaction is structured under a forward sale model and will only complete once the wind farm is fully operational and all terms are agreed. 16. Share capital – ordinary shares At 31 December 2024, the Company had authorised share capital of 2,000,000,000 ordinary shares of €0.01 each. Date Issued and fully paid Number of shares issued Share capital €’000 Share premium €’000 Total €’000 1 January 2024 Opening balance 1,141,238,938 11,412 22,954 34,366 To 31 December 2024 Share buyback (27,703,929) (277) (22,954) (23,231) 31 December 2024 1,113,535,009 11,135 – 11,135 Date Issued and fully paid Number of shares issued Share capital €’000 Share premium €’000 Total €’000 1 January 2023 Opening balance 1,141,238,938 11,412 942,954 954,366 28 June 2023 Reduction in share Premium – – (920,000) (920,000) 31 December 2023 1,141,238,938 11,412 22,954 34,366 Shareholders are entitled to all dividends paid by the Company and, on a winding up, provided the Company has satisfied all of its liabilities, the shareholders are entitled to all of the residual assets of the Company. During the period, the Company announced a share buyback program, that concluded in October 2024. The Company purchased 27,703,929 shares at an average price of €0.90 per share (total cost €25 million, excluding costs). Following the cancellation of these shares, the number of shares issued at 31 December 2024 was 1,113,535,009. The buyback has resulted in a Capital Redemption Reserve account in the Company balance sheet. 17. Net assets per share Group and Company 31 December 2024 31 December 2023 Net assets – €’000 1,230,005 1,279,361 Number of ordinary shares issued 1,113,535,009 1,141,238,938 Total net assets – cent 110.5 112.1 18. Reconciliation of operating profit for the year to net cash from operating activities Group For the year ended 31 December 2024 €’000 For the year ended 31 December 2023 €’000 Operating profit for the year 97,378 106,735 Adjustments for: Movement in fair value of investments (Note 9) (6,842) 20,459 Investment activity costs 1,007 1,115 Corporation Tax (4,690) (869) (Increase)/Decrease in receivables (Note 11) 800 (690) (Decrease)/Increase in payables (850) 2,195 Movement in non-operating payables (158) (1,585) Net cash flows from operating activities 86,645 127,360 GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 70 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements For the year ended 31 December 2024 continued 18. Reconciliation of operating profit for the year to net cash from operating activities (continued) Company For the year ended 31 December 2024 €’000 For the year ended 31 December 2023 €’000 Operating profit for the year 50,972 69,487 Adjustments for: Movement in fair value of investments (Note 9) 28,622 (76,957) (Increase) in receivables (Note 11) 2,440 (4,881) (Decrease)/Increase in payables 12,789 (66) Net cash flows from operating activities 94,823 (12,417) 19. Financial risk management The Investment Manager and the Administrator report to the Board on a quarterly basis and provide information to the Board which allows it to monitor and manage financial risks relating to its operations. The Group’s activities expose it to a variety of financial risks: market risk (including price risk, interest rate risk and foreign currency risk), credit risk and liquidity risk. The Group’s market risk is managed by the Investment Manager in accordance with the policies and procedures in place. The Group’s overall market positions are monitored on a quarterly basis by the Board of Directors. Price risk Price risk is defined as the risk that the fair value of a financial instrument held by the Group will fluctuate. Investments are measured at fair value through profit or loss and are valued on an unlevered, discounted cash flow basis. Therefore, the value of these investments will be (amongst other risk factors) a function of the discounted value of their expected cash flows and, as such, will vary with movements in interest rates and competition for such assets. Note 9 details sensitivity analysis on the impact of changes to the inputs used on the fair value of the investments. Interest rate risk The Group’s most significant exposure to interest rate risk is due to floating interest rates required to service external borrowings through the RCF. An increase of 0.5% represents the Investment Manager’s assessment of a reasonably possible change in interest rates. Should the EURIBOR rate increase by 0.5%, the annual interest due on the facility would increase by €545,000 based on the amount drawn of €109 million. The Investment Manager regularly monitors interest rates to ensure the Group has adequate provisions in place in the event of significant fluctuations. In accordance with the Company’s investment policy, it may enter into hedging transactions in relation to interest rates for the purposes of efficient financial risk management. The Company will not enter into derivative transactions for speculative purposes. The Directors consider the majority of shareholder loan investments to be similar in nature to equity investments. As noted below some of these loans bear interest at a fixed rate and as a result they do not carry an interest rate risk. The Group’s interest and non- interest-bearing assets and liabilities as at 31 December 2024 are summarised below: Interest bearing 2024 Group Fixed rate €’000 Floating rate €’000 Non-interest bearing €’000 Total €’000 Assets Cash at bank – 13,479 – 13,479 Other receivables (Note 11) – – 180 180 Investments (Note 9) 567,051 824,161 1,012,177 2,403,389 567,051 837,640 1,012,357 2,417,048 Liabilities Other payables (Note 13) – – (9,509) (9,509) Loans and borrowings (Note 14) (1,052,500) (131,500) – (1,184,000) (1,052,500) (131,500) (9,509) (1,193,509) GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 71 STRATEGIC REPORT GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements For the year ended 31 December 2024 19. Financial risk management (continued) The Group’s interest and non-interest-bearing assets and liabilities as at 31 December 2023 are summarised below: Interest bearing 2023 Group Fixed rate €’000 Floating rate €’000 Non-interest bearing €’000 Total €’000 Assets Cash at bank – 13,378 – 13,378 Other receivables (Note 11) – – 980 980 Investments (Note 9) 662,297 855,863 1,006,826 2,524,986 662,297 869,241 1,007,806 2,539,344 Liabilities Other payables (Note 13) – – (10,359) (10,359) Loans and borrowings (Note 14) (902,500) (352,500) – (1,255,000) (902,500) (352,500) (10,359) (1,265,359) The Company’s interest and non-interest-bearing assets and liabilities as at 31 December 2024 are summarised below: Interest bearing 2024 Company Fixed rate €’000 Floating rate €’000 Non–interest bearing €’000 Total €’000 Assets Cash at bank – 933 – 933 Other receivables (Note 11) – – 2,765 2,765 Investments (Note 9) – 147,887 1,094,766 1,242,653 – 148,820 1,097,531 1,246,351 Liabilities Other payables (Note 13) – – (16,346) (16,346) – – (16,346) (16,346) The Company’s interest and non-interest-bearing assets and liabilities as at 31 December 2023 are summarised below: Interest bearing 2023 Company Fixed rate €’000 Floating rate €’000 Non–interest bearing €’000 Total €’000 Assets Cash at bank – 4,800 – 4,800 Other receivables (Note 11) – – 5,205 5,205 Investments (Note 9) – 147,887 1,125,026 1,272,913 – 152,687 1,130,231 1,282,918 Liabilities Other payables (Note 13) – – (3,557) (3,557) – – (3,557) (3,557) Foreign currency risk Foreign currency risk is defined as the risk that the fair values of future cash flows will fluctuate because of changes in foreign exchange rates. The Group’s financial assets and liabilities are denominated in EUR and substantially all of its revenues and expenses are in EUR. The Group is not considered to be materially exposed to foreign currency risk. GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 72 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements For the year ended 31 December 2024 continued 19. Financial risk management (continued) Credit risk Credit risk is the risk of loss due to the failure of a borrower or counterparty to fulfil its contractual obligations. The Group is exposed to credit risk in respect of other receivables and cash at bank. The Group minimises its credit risk exposure by dealing with financial institutions with investment grade credit ratings and making loan investments which are equity in nature. The table below details the Group’s maximum exposure to credit risk: Group 31 December 2024 €’000 31 December 2023 €’000 Other receivables (Note 11) 180 980 Cash at bank 13,479 13,378 Loan investments (Note 9) 1,423,618 1,544,464 1,437,277 1,558,822 The table below details the Company’s maximum exposure to credit risk: Company 31 December 2024 €’000 31 December 2023 €’000 Other receivables (Note 11) 2,765 5,205 Cash at bank 933 4,800 Loan investments (Note 9) 358,083 470,828 361,781 480,833 The tables below shows the cash balances of the Group and credit rating for each counterparty: Group Rating 31 December 2024 €’000 AIB BBB 13,479 13,479 Group Rating 31 December 2023 €’000 AIB BBB 13,378 13,378 The table below shows the cash balances of the Company and the credit rating for each counterparty: Company Rating 31 December 2024 €’000 AIB BBB 933 933 Company Rating 31 December 2023 €’000 AIB BBB 4,800 4,800 GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 73 STRATEGIC REPORT GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements For the year ended 31 December 2024 19. Financial risk management (continued) Liquidity risk Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group and the Company may not be able to meet a demand for cash or fund an obligation when due. The Investment Manager and the Board continuously monitor forecast and actual cash flows from operating, financing and investing activities to consider payment of dividends, repayment of the Company’s outstanding debt or further investing activities. The Group intends to manage liquidity risk through a number of sources, including: • existing cash reserves contained in the investee Companies; • surplus cash generated by the underlying investments; • the undrawn portion of the RCF; • additional use of additional long term debt; and • expected future equity raises. The following tables detail the Group’s contractual maturity for its financial assets (excluding equity) and liabilities together with the contractual undiscounted cash flow amounts as at 31 December 2024 and 31 December 2023: Group – 31 December 2024 Less than 1 year €’000 1 – 5 years €’000 5+ years €’000 Total €’000 Assets Other receivables (Note 11) 180 – – 180 Cash at bank 13,479 – – 13,479 Loan investments 1,423,618 – – 1,423,618 Liabilities Other payables (Note 13) (9,509) – – (9,509) Loan and borrowings (75,378) (819,718) (414,140) (1,309,236) 1,352,390 (819,718) (414,140) 118,532 Group – 31 December 2023 Less than 1 year €’000 1 – 5 years €’000 5+ years €’000 Total €’000 Assets Other receivables (Note 11) 980 – – 980 Cash at bank 13,378 – – 13,378 Loan investments 1,544,464 – – 1,544,464 Liabilities Other payables (Note 13) (10,359) – – (10,359) Loan and borrowings – (1,080,000) (175,000) (1,255,000) 1,548,463 (1,080,000) (175,000) 293,463 The following tables detail the Company’s contractual maturity for its financial assets (excluding equity) and liabilities together with the contractual undiscounted cash flow amounts as at 31 December 2024 and 31 December 2023: Company – 31 December 2024 Less than 1 year €’000 1 – 5 years €’000 5+ years €’000 Total €’000 Assets Other receivables 2,765 – – 2,765 Cash at bank 933 – – 933 Loan investments 2,233 358,081 – 360,314 Liabilities Other payables (16,346) – – (16,346) (10,415) 358,081 – 347,666 GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 74 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements For the year ended 31 December 2024 continued 19. Financial risk management (continued) Liquidity risk (continued) Company – 31 December 2023 Less than 1 year €’000 1 – 5 years €’000 5+ years €’000 Total €’000 Assets Other receivables 5,205 – – 5,205 Cash at bank 4,800 – – 4,800 Loan investments 4,805 470,826 – 475,631 Liabilities Other payables (3,557) – – (3,557) 11,253 470,826 – 482,079 The Group and Company will use cash flow generation, equity raisings, debt refinancing or disposal of assets to manage liabilities as they fall due in the longer term. Capital risk management The Company considers its capital to comprise ordinary share capital, distributable reserves, capital redemption reserve and retained earnings. The Company is not subject to any externally imposed capital requirements. The Group’s and the Company’s primary capital management objectives are to ensure the sustainability of its capital to support continuing operations, meet its financial obligations and allow for growth opportunities. Generally, acquisitions are anticipated to be funded by a combination of current cash, debt and equity. 20. Related party transactions During the year, the Company: • Advanced interest bearing loans to Holdco of €nil (2023: €nil) and Holdco made principal repayments of €112,744,995 to the Company (2023: €63,628,261). • Received principal repayment from Boston Holdings A/S of €nil (2023: €31,889,547). • Provided capital to Holdco 2 of €111,106,849 (2023: €13,000,000). • Received a €12,705,406 loan from Holdco 2 on 22 November 2024. This loan is treated as a current liability in the Company’s balance sheet as this is repayable on demand. There is no interest payable in respect of this loan. During the year, the Company also paid remuneration to the Directors as disclosed in the Directors’ Remuneration Report on pages 28 to 29. The Directors’ interests in Company Shares as at 31 December 2024 are also disclosed on page 27 of the Directors’ Report. The table below shows the number of Company shares acquired by the Directors: For the year ending 31 December 2024 For the year ending 31 December 2023 Niamh Marshall 25,000 – 25,000 – GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 75 STRATEGIC REPORT GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements For the year ended 31 December 2024 20. Related party transactions (continued) The Group’s dividend income from investee companies is shown below: For the year ended 31 December 2024 €’000 For the year ended 31 December 2023 €’000 Cordal 71 7,596 Cloosh Valley 7,688 12,375 Ballybane 2,500 5,200 Gortahile 2,050 2,860 Beam 400 540 Knocknalour 500 1,900 Raheenleagh 2,500 3,750 Knockacummer 7,900 16,300 Kilhills 3,450 7,100 Carrickallen 200 1,050 Letteragh 300 5,150 An Cnoc – 600 Garranereagh 500 – Lisdowney 1,600 3,650 Tullahennel 1,500 8,300 Ballincollig Hill 250 400 Kostroma 3,731 4,380 Cloghan – 950 Monaincha – 550 Taghart 2,200 – GRW1 AH Limited 3,700 900 41,040 83,551 GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 76 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements For the year ended 31 December 2024 continued 20. Related party transactions (continued) The table below shows the Group’s shareholder loans with the SPV’s: Loans at 1 January 2024 €’000(1) Loan interest capitalised Loans advanced in the year €’000 Loan repayments €’000 Loan at 31 December 2024 €’000 Accrued interest at 31 December 2024 €’000 Total €’000 Interest on Shareholder loan €’000 Knockacummer 35,577 35,577 35,577 2,676 Monaincha 57,794 (4,200) 53,594 53,594 1,128 Glanaruddery 39,971 (200) 39,771 39,771 812 Ballybane 33,194 (2,550) 30,644 30,644 663 Killala 26,593 (1,750) 24,843 754 25,597 1,794 Letteragh 23,857 (900) 22,957 22,957 1,685 Killhills 12,820 12,820 12,820 261 An Cnoc 12,065 12,065 12,065 725 Kostroma 13,581 13,581 13,581 276 Gortahile 14,976 (750) 14,226 14,226 302 Tullynamoyle II 13,196 (700) 12,496 12,496 263 Garranereagh 11,531 (700) 10,831 10,831 229 Carrickallen 12,498 (1,500) 10,998 10,998 948 Sommette 36,852 (1,400) 35,452 35,452 2,185 Lisdowney 9,403 (600) 8,803 8,803 279 Beam Hill Extension 7,635 (200) 7,435 52 7,487 449 Pasilly 21,842 (1,500) 20,342 20,342 1,273 Cloosh Valley 86,998 86,998 86,998 5,234 Sliabh Bawn 3,287 (1,638) 1,649 1,649 – Knocknalour 5,379 (600) 4,779 4,779 375 Saint Martin 14,598 (250) 14,348 14,348 877 Cordal 138,658 (7,052) 131,606 983 132,589 8,135 Glencarbry 56,573 (3,700) 52,873 52,873 3,295 Erstrask South 37,534 37,534 2,268 39,802 3,018 GRP Sweden 25,223 25,223 4,821 30,044 2,028 Ballincollig Hill 5,784 (950) 4,834 4,834 322 Tullahennel 51,374 (2,600) 48,774 48,774 2,806 Soliedra 21,335 (1,200) 20,135 20,135 842 Arcy 2,450 (1,341) 1,109 100 1,209 116 Menonville 5,855 (1,500) 4,355 285 4,640 322 Genonville 1,414 (1,396) 18 53 71 62 Grande Piece 722 (400) 322 33 355 24 Taghart 27,421 27,421 27,421 1,647 Butendiek I 79,264 3,791 (12,510) 70,545 1,623 72,168 6,703 Kokkoneva(2) 57,509 4,250 (61,759) – (70) Cloghan 41,085 (1,900) 39,185 39,185 2,455 Torrubia 33,833 (200) 33,633 1,152 34,785 2,707 Borkum Riffgrund 1 211,956 (35,594) 176,362 701 177,063 15,298 Erstrask North 137,430 137,430 11,050 148,480 11,050 Butendiek II 98,924 (16,000) 82,924 3,120 86,044 4,924 South Meath – 28,531 (400) 28,131 28,131 869 1,527,991 3,791 32,781 167,940 1,396,623 26,995 1,423,618 88,987 (1) Excludes accrued interest as at 31 December 2024 of €16.5 million. (2) Includes the loss on sale of the shareholder loan associated with the disposal of the Kokkoneva wind farm amounting to €12.6 million. GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 77 STRATEGIC REPORT GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements For the year ended 31 December 2024 21. Ultimate controlling party In the opinion of the Directors, on the basis of the shareholdings advised to them, the Company has no ultimate controlling party. 22. Subsequent events On 30 January 2025, the Board approved a dividend of €18.8 million, equivalent to 1.685 cent per share in relation to the quarter ended 31 December 2024. The record date for the dividend was 7 February 2025 and the payment date was 28 February 2025. On 03 March 2025, the Group entered into an Amendment and Restatement Agreement to increase the existing Letter of Credit facility commitment from €40 million to €65 million and extend the term to align the maturity date with the RCF, currently 13 February 2026 (as may be further amended and/or extended from time to time). GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 78 Company Information Directors (all non-executive) Rónán Murphy Emer Gilvarry Kevin McNamara (retired 31 December 2024) Marco Graziano Eva Lindqvist Niamh Marshall (appointed 25 April 2024) Investment Manager Schroders Greencoat LLP 4th Floor, The Peak 5 Wilton Road London SW1V 1AN Company Secretary Ocorian Administration (UK) Limited Unit 18 Innovation Centre Northern Ireland Science Park Queens Road, Belfast BT3 9DT Administrator Ocorian Fund Services (Ireland) Limited 1st Floor 1 Windmill Lane Dublin 2 D0 2F206 Ireland Depositary Ocorian Depositary Services (Ireland) Limited 1st Floor 1 Windmill Lane Dublin 2 D0 2F206 Ireland Registrar Computershare Investor Services (Ireland) Limited Heron House, Corrig Road Sandyford Industrial Estate Dublin 18 Registered Company Number 598470 Registered Office Riverside One Sir John Rogerson’s Quay Dublin 2 Registered Auditor BDO Block 3, Miesian Plaza 50-58 Baggot Street Lower Dublin 2 Legal Advisers McCann Fitzgerald Riverside One Sir John Rogerson’s Quay Dublin 2 Euronext Growth Listing Sponsor, NOMAD and Broker J&E Davy Davy House 49 Dawson Street Dublin 2 Joint Broker Barclays 1 Churchill Place, London E14 5RB Joint Broker RBC Capital Markets 100 Bishopsgate London, EC2N 4AA Account Banks Allied Irish Banks plc. 40/41 Westmoreland Street Dublin 2 GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 79 STRATEGIC REPORT GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Supplementary Information (unaudited) Supplementary Information (unaudited) Disclosure required under the Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (“AIFMD”) for annual reports of alternative investment funds (“AIFs”) Alternative Investment Fund Manager’s Directive Under the Alternative Investment Fund Manager Regulations 2013 (as amended) the Company is an Irish AIF and the Investment Manager is a full scope UK AIFM. Ocorian Depositary Services (Ireland) Limited provide depositary services under the AIFMD. Ocorian Fund Services (Ireland) Limited provide accounting and administration services to the Company. The AIFMD outlines the required information which has to be made available to investors prior to investing in an AIF and directs that material changes to this information be disclosed in the Annual Report of the AIF. There were no material changes in the year. All information required to be disclosed under the AIFMD is either disclosed in this Annual Report or within a schedule of disclosures on the Company’s website at: www.greencoat-renewables.com The Investment Manager is one of Europe’s leading renewable investment managers, which employs over 120 professionals and has over £9.5 billion of assets under management. The Investment Manager is 75 per cent owned by Schroders Group PLC, founded over 200 years ago and managing over £777 billion of assets (as of 30 September 2024) with over 6,000 staff globally. The total amount of remuneration paid by the Investment Manager, in its capacity as AIFM, to its 124 staff for the financial year ending 31 December 2024 was £29.7 million, consisting of £19.2 million fixed and £10.5 million variable remuneration. The aggregate amount of remuneration for the 14 staff members of the Investment Manager constituting senior management and those staff whose actions have a material impact on the risk profile of the Company was £4.2 million. The information in this paragraph relates to the Investment Manager, the AIFM and its subsidiary company providing services to the AIFM and it does not relate to the Company. The Investment Manager covers the potential professional liability risks resulting from its activities by holding professional indemnity insurance in accordance with Article 9(7)(b) of AIFMD. GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 80 Annex v Disclosure EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, 6.4.2022 C(2022) 1931 final ANNEX 5 ANNEX to the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) .../.... supplementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2088 of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to regulatory technical standards specifying the details of the content and presentation of the information in relation to the principle of ‘do no significant harm’, specifying the content, methodologies and presentation of information in relation to sustainability indicators and adverse sustainability impacts, and the content and presentation of the information in relation to the promotion of environmental or social characteristics and sustainable investment objectives in pre-contractual documents, on websites and in periodic reports GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 81 STRATEGIC REPORT GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Annex v Disclosure Did this financial product have a sustainable investment objective? [tick and fill in as relevant, the percentage figure represents the minimum commitment to sustainable investments] •• YES It made sustainable investments with an environmental objective: 96% in economic activities that qualify as environmentally sustainable under the EU Taxonomy in economic activities that do not qualify as environmentally sustainable under the EU Taxonomy It made sustainable investments with a social objective: ___% •• NO It promoted Environmental/Social (E/S) characteristics and while it did not have as its objective a sustainable investment, it had a proportion of ___% of sustainable investments with an environmental objective in economic activities that qualify as environmentally sustainable under the EU Taxonomy with an environmental objective in economic activities that do not qualify as environmentally sustainable under the EU Taxonomy with a social objective It promoted E/S characteristics, but did not make any sustainable investments ANNEX V Template periodic disclosure for the financial products referred to in Article 9, paragraphs 1 to 4a, of Regulation (EU) 2019/2088 and Article 5, first paragraph, of Regulation (EU) 2020/852 Product name: Greencoat Renewables PLC (the “Company”) Legal entity identifier: 635400TVSIFFQOB8RB67 Sustainable investment objective To what extent was the sustainable investment objective of this financial product met? The Company invests in euro denominated operational renewable electricity generation assets in Relevant Countries within the Eurozone. The Company’s aim is to provide investors with an annual dividend per Ordinary Share that increases progressively while growing the capital value of its investment portfolio over the long term, through re-investment of excess cash flows and the prudent use of leverage. The Company has sustainable investment as its objective within the meaning of Article 9 SFDR. More specifically, the Company is intended to contribute to the environmental objective of climate change mitigation on the basis of the activities of the assets targeted by the Company, which are renewable power generation assets that help to facilitate the transition to a low-carbon economy. The Company does not have a carbon reduction objective and has not designated a reference benchmark for the purpose of attaining the sustainable investment objective. 5 5 5 GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 82 Annex v Disclosure continued As of the 31st of December 2024, the Company’s portfolio consists of interests in 39 operating assets located in Ireland, France, Germany, Spain, & Sweden, with an aggregate net installed capacity of 1.5 GW. Installed capacity reflects majority wind power generation assets however the Company also invests in solar and battery storage assets. These sustainable investments contribute to the Company’s sustainable investment objective as the electricity generated from wind and solar farms can be used in place of non-renewable energy sources, thereby helping to stabilise greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere and contributing to climate change mitigation. These investments are considered environmentally sustainable in accordance with the Technical Screening Criteria of the EU Taxonomy relating to the environmental objective of climate change mitigation (activities 4.1, 4.3 and 4.10). • How did the sustainability indicators perform? The sustainability indicators used to measure attainment of the sustainable investment objective of the Company performed as follows in the reporting period(1): • Renewable energy generated: 3,443 GWh • GHG emissions avoided(2): 1.4m tCO2e • Equivalent number of homes powered(3): 777,511 homes Notes: (1) The metrics do not include the battery storage asset or assets under construction. (2) Estimated emissions avoided are calculated assuming that renewable energy generation replaces the marginal generator (i.e., the generation that is most likely to be displaced as the next dispatch option in the electricity system) in each region. The marginal generators in each country are listed here: combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) generation for Ireland and Spain, nuclear generation for France and Sweden, biomass generation for Finland and coal generation for Germany. The “Operating margin” approach is the preferred option under PCAF guidance for measuring carbon avoided. Carbon emissions factors (gCO2/kWh) for the marginal generator in each region is sourced from an IEA dataset (2024). Nuclear carbon emissions factor is sourced from IPCC. (3) The number of homes powered is based on the average annual household energy consumption, using the latest reported figures, and reflects the portfolio’s annual electricity generation as at the relevant reporting date for each region. • …and compared to previous periods? Sustainability Indicator 2024 2023 2022 Renewable energy generated (GWh) 3,443 3,158 2,487 Greenhouse gas emissions avoided (tCO2) 1.4m 1.3m 0.9m Equivalent number of homes powered 777,511 752,756 538,958 The Company continues to follow its investment strategy and invest in operating renewable energy generation assets. Renewable energy generated by the Company’s solar and wind farms increased by 9% in the period following the completion of the construction of one asset. The estimated GHG emissions avoided as a result of the portfolio’s renewable energy generation increased by 7% compared to 2023 reflecting increase operating renewable generation capacity and completion of a construction asset. GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 83 STRATEGIC REPORT GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Annex v Disclosure • How did the sustainable investments not cause significant harm to any sustainable investment objective? The Investment Manager has sought to ensure that the Company’s sustainable investments cause no significant harm to any sustainable investment objective by only investing in renewable energy infrastructure assets and by actively engaging and managing sustainability risks and opportunities for the Company and its investments prior to investment and on an ongoing basis once an investment has been made. Prior to each investment, the Investment Manager’s Investment Committee responsible for the Company considered the Company’s investment policy, investment restrictions and the Company’s ESG Policy (the “GRP ESG Policy”), as well as the sustainability risks and opportunities identified during due diligence (including by means of an ESG checklist). Each investment made is held through special purpose vehicles (“SPVs”) and the Investment Manager has appointed directors to each of the boards of those SPVs to oversee all major strategic and operational decisions. Sustainability risks and opportunities have been fully embedded into the risk management framework at both a Company and asset SPV level. A risk register has been set up for each new SPV which considers sustainability risks and assesses risks (in respect of the likelihood of its occurrence and the impact of its occurrence) on a numerical scale. Ongoing sustainability risks for the portfolio were monitored, managed and reported on by the Investment Manager to the Company’s board of directors which has overall responsibility for the activities of the Company and its investments. Material risks relating to sustainability, if relevant, were escalated on a quarterly basis to the Investment Manager’s Risk Management Committee. Across the portfolio, there were 5 reportable incidents, per regulatory obligations, during 2024. Specifically with regards to health and safety, there were 119 workdays lost due to 5 lost- time incidents in the reporting period. The majority of the increased workdays lost were connected to a single accident. The Investment Manager continues its focus on managing health and safety risks including regular training for asset managers and O&Ms to promote a culture of sharing best practice to managing risks and of reporting to improve awareness and openness on the management of health and safety at sites. The Manager will continue to monitor health and safety performance of all sites closely, in line with its ESG Policy commitments. In addition, the Company complied with the principles of good governance contained in the AIC Code, which ensures the Company is in accordance with the requirements of the UK Corporate Governance Code and provides a framework of best practice for listed investment companies. GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 84 Annex v Disclosure continued • How were the indicators for adverse impacts on sustainability factors taken into account? The Investment Manager considers the principal adverse impacts (“PAIs”) of its investment decisions relating to the Company on sustainability factors and this informs its approach to long-term investment stewardship and stakeholder engagement. As the Company predominantly targets investments in operating European wind farms, the PAIs that are most relevant to the Company include (but are not limited to): • Greenhouse gas emissions (Table 1 RTS: PAIs 1-6); and • Number of days lost to injuries, accidents, fatalities or illness (Table 3 RTS: PAI 3) The Investment Manager sought to mitigate the impact of the PAIs and other indicators considered in relation to the Company firstly by implementing the GRP ESG Policy, which has been developed in line with the Investment Manager’s ESG Policy (a copy of which can be found on the Investment Manager’s website). This sets guidance and principles for integrating sustainability across the Company’s business and looks to establish best practice in climate related risk management, reporting and transparency. It outlines areas of focus for wind power generation assets including management of environmental performance, workplace standards, health and safety practices, governance (including compliance with applicable laws and regulations) and local community engagements. It also includes a list of key performance indicators that are monitored and reported on (as appropriate). Sustainability factors were considered prior to investment as part of early-stage screening, detailed due diligence and the Investment Committee’s decision- making, and are managed post-acquisition in accordance with the Investment Manager’s wider asset management practices. A statement on principal adverse impacts on sustainability factors (the “PAI Statement”), including the list of PAI indicators and associated metrics considered in relation to the Company, can be found in Company’s Annual Report. The Investment Manager considers the impacts reported within the PAI Statement do not constitute significant harm to any sustainable investment objective, as further described in the PAI Statement. • Were sustainable investments aligned with the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights? Details: Yes – the Investment Manager considers that the Company’s sustainable investments were aligned with the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (the “Minimum Safeguards”). During 2024, the Investment Manager conducted initial due diligence (for new investments) and ongoing monitoring (for existing investments) of the SPVs in which the underlying renewable energy assets are held to ensure their alignment with the Minimum Safeguards. Further, the Investment Manager ensured that the new key service providers involved in the operations and management of the SPVs acquired in 2024 comply with all applicable laws, rules, regulations and overarching principles in the countries where they operate. This covers anti-bribery and corruption, financial crime, data protection and employment and health and safety laws (including those relating to human rights, human trafficking, modern slavery, and public safety). This was achieved where possible through the application of the Investment Manager’s ‘Code of Conduct’ Side Letter. The Supplier GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 85 STRATEGIC REPORT GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Annex v Disclosure Code of Conduct was updated during the year to ensure Minimum Safeguards were fully incorporated. Roll out of the updated Code of Conduct and monitoring of this by the Investment Manager’s risk function started in 2024. There has been no material change to any existing service providers, or any reports by the SPVs of any misalignment to the Minimum Safeguards. How did this financial product consider principal adverse impacts on sustainability factors? See the response to the question above “How were the indicators for adverse impacts on sustainability factors taken into account.” What were the top investments of this financial product? Largest investments Sector % Assets (NAV) Country Borkum Butendiek Cloosh Cordal Knockacummer Erstrask North Wind Wind Wind Wind Wind Wind 12.2% 10.8% 8.3% 7.3% 6.9% 5.0% Germany Germany Ireland Ireland Ireland Sweden What was the proportion of sustainability-related investments? • What was the asset allocation? Investments #1 Sustainable 96% Environmental 96% Taxonomy- aligned 96% #2 Not sustainable 4% #1 Sustainable covers sustainable investments with environmental or social objectives. #2 Not sustainable includes investments which do not qualify as sustainable investments. • In which economic sectors were the investments made? All investments of the Company are in the economic sector “electricity generation from wind power” (activity 4.3 of the Climate Change Mitigation Technical Screening Criteria),“electricity generation using solar photovoltaic technology” (activity 4.1 of the Climate Change Mitigation Technical Screening Criteria), or “storage of electricity” (activity 4.10 of the Climate Change Mitigation Technical Screening Criteria). GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 86 Annex v Disclosure continued To what extent were sustainable investments with an environmental objective aligned with the EU Taxonomy? The graphs below show in green the percentage of investments that were aligned with the EU Taxonomy. As there is no appropriate methodology to determine the taxonomy-alignment of sovereign bonds*, the first graph shows the Taxonomy alignment in relation to all the investments of the financial product including sovereign bonds, while the second graph shows the Taxonomy alignment only in relation to the investments of the financial product other than sovereign bonds. 1. Taxonomy-alignment of investments including sovereign bonds* 2. Taxonomy-alignment of investments excluding sovereign bonds* * For the purpose of these graphs, ‘sovereign bonds’ consist of all sovereign exposures Turnover CapEx OpEx Taxonomy aligned investments Other investments 100% 100% 100% Turnover CapEx OpEx Taxonomy aligned investments Other investments 100% 100% 100% 0% 20% 40% 100% 80% 60% 0% 20% 40% 100% 80% 60% • Did the financial product invest in fossil gas and/or nuclear energy related activities complying with the EU Taxonomy1? YES In fossil gas In nuclear energy 5 NO • What was the share of investments made in transitional and enabling activities? The Company’s investment in a battery energy storage asset is considered an enabling activity under the EU Taxonomy Climate Change Mitigation Technical Screening Criteria. This was <1% of investments for the reporting period. The Company’s battery asset is co-located with a wind farm. • How did the percentage of investments aligned with the EU Taxonomy compare with previous reference periods? The percentage of aligned investments remains at 100% for all metrics in the current period. This did not change from the previous period. GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 87 STRATEGIC REPORT GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Annex v Disclosure What was the share of sustainable investments with an environmental objective that were not aligned with the EU Taxonomy? There was no share of sustainable investments with an environmental objective that were not aligned with the EU Taxonomy. 100% of the Company sustainable investments are in wind generation assets which are considered aligned with the EU Taxonomy in accordance with the relevant Technical Screening Criteria for climate change mitigation (activity 4.3), solar generation assets (activity 4.1 of the Climate Change Mitigation Technical Screening Criteria), or battery (electricity storage) assets (activity 4.10 of the Climate Change Mitigation Technical Screening Criteria). At 31 December 2024, 100% of the Company’s sustainable investments (expressed as a % of the Net Asset Value) were in sustainable investments with an environmental objective that were aligned with the EU Taxonomy, in accordance with the relevant Technical Screening Criteria for climate change mitigation. What was the share of socially sustainable investments? 0% of the Company’s investments are socially sustainable investments. The Company does not target sustainable investments with a social objective. What investments were included under “not sustainable”, what was their purpose and were there any minimum environmental or social safeguards? The investments included under “#2 Not sustainable” comprise a cash reserve (to the extent not generated from sustainable investments) and hedging arrangements for the purposes of efficient portfolio management. In 2024, “not sustainable” assets were 4% of the Company’s net asset value. Given the purpose of these investments, there were no minimum environmental and social safeguards applied to such investments. What actions have been taken to attain the sustainable investment objective during the reference period? The Investment Manager sought to attain the Company’s sustainable investment objective by implementing the binding elements described in the Company’s pre-contractual disclosures (Annex 3 RTS) on a continuous basis, and by integrating sustainability risks in its investment decision-making as described above: “How did the sustainable investments not cause significant harm to any sustainable investment objective?”. The Company continues to seek to invest in further operating wind and solar assets in order to increase its renewable energy generation capacity. Total operating capacity amounted to 1.5GW as at 31 December 2024. In 2024, the Investment Manager continued to enhance its processes to measure and monitor the application of the binding elements. For example, the Schroders Greencoat Supplier Code of Conduct side letter was updated in 2024 to ensure adherence of key service providers to standards expected under minimum safeguards. This is being rolled out to key service providers in 2025. Further, the Investment Manager continued to engage with stakeholders relevant to the Company’s portfolio to ensure its renewable investments positively impact the communities GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 88 Annex v Disclosure continued in which they operate. Sustainability-related risks and challenges were regularly discussed within the Investment Manager’s asset management teams which were also reported to and discussed with the Board through regular meetings and specific risk register review discussions. Key sustainability factors such as those relating to health and safety, compliance with environmental standards and stakeholder relations were regularly discussed and documented. The Investment Manager commissioned the auditing of four key service providers in 2023 and 3 in 2024. The aim is to support its assessment of key service providers’ policies and processes in relation to legislation, best practice, employment, and labour/human rights related risks. The audit covered, for example, recruitment processes, welfare provision and freedom of association. The 2023 results showed that all key service providers were substantially in compliance with best practice. The Investment Manager also integrated the Schroders Global Norms Breach List and a third party ESG controversy identification tool into pre-investment due diligence and ongoing monitoring processes in 2024 to further enhance the assessments of key service providers against Minimum Safeguards. For more information on the application of good governance and active ownership of the investments, please refer to the Company’s ESG Report’s which can be found at the following link: Report and Publications – Greencoat Renewables (greencoat-renewables.com) How did this financial product perform compared to the reference sustainable benchmark? Not applicable (N/a) as the Company does not have a carbon reduction objective and is not managed against a reference benchmark. • How did the reference benchmark differ from a broad market index? N/a • How did this financial product perform with regard to the sustainability indicators to determine the alignment of the reference benchmark with the sustainable investment objective? N/a • How did this financial product perform compared with the reference benchmark? N/a • How did this financial product perform compared with the broad market index? N/a GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 89 STRATEGIC REPORT GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Principal Adverse Impact Statement STATEMENT ON PRINCIPAL ADVERSE IMPACTS OF INVESTMENT DECISIONS ON SUSTAINABILITY FACTORS FINANCIAL PRODUCT: Greencoat Renewables PLC (LEI: 635400TVSIFFQOB8RB67) (the “Company”), managed by Schroders Greencoat LLP (the “Investment Manager”) 1. Summary The Investment Manager considers principal adverse impacts of its investment decisions on sustainability factors in relation to the Company. The present statement is the consolidated statement on principal adverse impacts on sustainability factors of the Company. This statement on principal adverse impacts on sustainability factors of the Company covers the reference period from 1st January to 31st December 2024. The adverse sustainability indicators applicable to investee companies considered by the Investment Manager are summarised in the table below (including the relevant table and number associated with the adverse sustainability indicators listed in Annex I of the RTS1). Theme Adverse Sustainability Indicator RTS Annex I Table RTS Annex I Number Climate and other environment-related indicators GHG emissions 1 1 Carbon footprint 1 2 GHG intensity of investee companies 1 3 Exposure to companies active in the fossil fuel sector 1 4 Share of non-renewable energy consumption and production 1 5 Energy consumption intensity per high impact climate sector 1 6 Emissions to water 1 8 Hazardous waste and radioactive waste ratio 1 9 Natural species and protected areas 2 14 Social and employee, respect for human rights, anti-corruption and anti- bribery matters Violations of UN Global Compact principles and Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises 1 10 Lack of processes and compliance mechanisms to monitor compliance with UN Global Compact principles and OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises 1 11 Exposure to controversial weapons (anti-personnel mines, cluster munitions, chemical weapons and biological weapons) 1 14 Number of days lost to injuries, accidents, fatalities or illness 3 3 Lack of a supplier code of conduct 3 4 Lack of anti-corruption and anti-bribery policies 3 15 1 The Regulatory Technical Standards accompanying the EU Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation. GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 90 Principal Adverse Impact Statement continued DESCRIPTION OF THE PRINCIPAL ADVERSE IMPACTS ON SUSTAINABILITY FACTORS Adverse sustainability indicator Metric Impact 2024 Impact 2023 Explanation Actions taken, and actions planned and targets set for the next reference period Greenhouse gas emissions 1. GHG emissions Scope 1 GHG emissions 243 tonnes of CO2e 273 tonnes of CO2e Carbon footprint indicators are measured in line with the industry standard GHG Protocol based on an equity control approach, i.e., emissions are weighted according to the Company or its SPVs’ ownership interest. Scope emissions calculations are carried out by third party consultants. Scope 3 emissions include those arising from the construction of each renewable energy asset acquired during the reporting period, including those emissions associated with the manufacturing and transport of all equipment and material, before the asset was commissioned as well as the expected spare part provision throughout its lifetime. Scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions decreased year on year. For more information on changes in emissions, see the Historical Comparison section on page 24. The Manager continues to work to reduce emissions. Two initiatives in 2024 included the installation of EV chargers at two of our wind farms, aimed at encouraging service providers to transition their fleets to electric vehicles, and the modification, where possible, of inherited electricity import contracts to ensure they primarily source energy from renewable sources. Market- based scope 2 emissions decreased by 23% linked to this switch. Scope 2 GHG emissions 329 tonnes of CO2e (market based), 1,391 tonnes of CO2e (location based) 429 tonnes of CO2e (market based), 941 tonnes of CO2e (location based) Scope 3 GHG emissions 69,868 tonnes of CO2e 238,760 tonnes of CO2e Total GHG emissions 70,440 tonnes of CO2e (market based) 239,462 tonnes of CO2e (market based) 2. Carbon footprint Carbon footprint 28.0 tonnes of CO2e/€m invested 97.2 tonnes of CO2e/€m invested 3. GHG intensity of investee companies GHG intensity of investee companies 437 tonnes of CO2e/€m net revenue 8,184 tonnes of CO2e/€m net revenue 4. Exposure to companies active in the fossil fuel sector Share of investments in companies active in the fossil fuel sector 0% 0% The Company does not have any exposure to the fossil fuel sector and will only invest in renewable energy generation assets, also in accordance with the Investment Manager’s investment exclusions list set out in its ESG Policy. The Investment Manager continues to screen all investments against the exclusion list in its ESG Policy as part of initial investment screening. 5. Share of non- renewable energy consumption and production Share of non-renewable energy consumption and non-renewable energy production of investee companies from non-renewable energy sources compared to renewable energy sources, expressed as a percentage of total energy sources Production share: 0 % non-renewable. Consumption share: 19% non-renewable Production share: 0% non-renewable. Consumption share: 16% non-renewable. The Company’s renewable energy generation assets generate only renewable electricity. The assets consume some electricity, the majority of which is provided from renewable sources. With regards to non- renewable energy consumption, see the comment relating to electricity import contracts referenced in response to PAIS 1-3 above. The increase year on year was driven is primarily a result of a single asset that has high electricity consumption of non- renewable electricity. The Manager will consider mechanisms to address this going forward. 6. Energy consumption intensity per high impact climate sector Energy consumption in GWh per million EUR of revenue of investee companies, per high impact climate sector 0.02 GWh/€m revenue 0.03 GWh/€m revenue Energy consumed reflects electricity imported by the assets. Water 8. Emissions to water Tonnes of emissions to water generated by investee companies per million EUR invested, expressed as a weighted average 0 0 Emissions to water reflect any emissions reported by the assets. Waste 9. Hazardous waste and radioactive waste ratio Tonnes of hazardous waste and radioactive waste generated by investee companies per million EUR invested, expressed as a weighted average 0 0 Hazardous and radioactive waste reflect any waste reported by the assets. GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 91 STRATEGIC REPORT GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Principal Adverse Impact Statement Adverse sustainability indicator Metric Impact 2024 Impact 2023 Explanation Actions taken, and actions planned and targets set for the next reference period Social and employee matters 10. Violations of UN Global Compact principles and Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises Share of investments in investee companies that have been involved in violations of the UNGC principles or OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises 0% Data not available The Investment Manager assesses the special purpose vehicles (“SPVs”) which hold the renewable energy assets and the key service providers to the SPVs for potential violations of UNGC Principles and OECD Guidelines. This is done through pre-investment due diligence and ongoing monitoring of SPVs and of key service providers to the SPVs to ensure they are not listed on the Schroders Global Norms Breach List or flagged for potential breaches via a third party ESG controversy data provider. In 2024, the Investment Manager integrated the Schroders Global Norms Breach List and a third party ESG Controversy monitoring solution to assess adherence of investments (via SPVs and key service providers) to global norms. 11. Lack of processes and compliance mechanisms to monitor compliance with UN Global Compact principles and OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises Share of investments in investee companies without policies to monitor compliance with the UNGC principles or OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises or grievance /complaints handling mechanisms to address violations of the UNGC principles or OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises 7% Data not available To ensure investments have policies in place for compliance with the UNGC Principles and OECD Guidelines, the Investment Manager requires SPVs to adopt the Manager’s ESG Policy. The Manager also requires all key service providers to adopt the Investment Manager’s ‘Code of Conduct Side Letter’ (or an equivalent standard). All fully owned SPVs have adopted the Manager’s ESG Policy. The Investment Manager will work with its partners to implement appropriate policies in non wholly owned entities. The Investment Manager updated its Supplier Code of Conduct in 2024. Work is underway in 2025 to ensure all key service providers to the Company have either adopted the updated Code of Conduct, or have an equivalent in place. 14. Exposure to controversial weapons (anti-personnel mines, cluster munitions, chemical weapons and biological weapons) Share of investments in investee companies involved in the manufacture or selling of controversial weapons 0% 0% Exposure to controversial weapons is not permissible within the investment strategy of the Company and is captured in the Investment Managers’ investment exclusions list. The Investment Manager continues to screen all investments against the exclusion list in its ESG Policy as part of initial investment screening Water, waste and material emissions 14. Natural species and protected areas Share of investments in investee companies whose operations affect threatened species 0% 0% Investments are assessed to ensure that environmental impact assessments or equivalent are carried out for all assets as part of pre- investment due diligence. If any impacts are identified through this process, a habitat management plan, or equivalent, is introduced to ensure that any potential impacts are appropriately addressed or mitigated. The asset management teams monitor adherence of all SPVs to habitat management plans, where relevant. The Investment Manager continues to carry out due diligence on new investments relating to environmental and biodiversity-related risks and is committed to implementing any regulatory obligations regarding habitat and environmental management. Share of investments in investee companies without a biodiversity protection policy covering operational sites owned, leased, managed in a protected area or an area of high biodiversity value outside protected areas 0% 0% Assessed as a percentage of SPV investments without habitat management plans, or any environmental planning requirements, in place, if required as a result of planning obligations or potential impacts identified by environmental impact assessments or equivalent. GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 92 Principal Adverse Impact Statement continued Adverse sustainability indicator Metric Impact 2024 Impact 2023 Explanation Actions taken, and actions planned and targets set for the next reference period Social and employee matters 3. Number of days lost to injuries, accidents, fatalities or illness Number of workdays lost to injuries, accidents, fatalities or illness of investee companies expressed as a weighted average 68 8 Workdays lost are tracked in line with methodology set out by the Investment Manager’s stringent health and safety monitoring processes. The Investment Manager has stringent health and safety policies and processes in place and a member of the asset management team is nominated as a Director for each company. Asset Management teams are responsible for the day-to- day implementation and monitoring of health and safety audits and initiatives. Our Board also reviews health and safety matters at each of its scheduled meetings. 4. Lack of a supplier code of conduct Share of investments in investee companies without any supplier code of conduct (against unsafe working conditions, precarious work, child labour and forced labour) Data not available Data not available The Manager requires all key service providers of its SPVs to adopt the Investment Manager’s ‘Code of Conduct Side Letter’ (or an equivalent standard). The Investment Manager updated its Supplier Code of Conduct in 2024. Work is underway in 2025 to ensure all key service providers to the Company have either adopted the updated Code of Conduct, or have an equivalent in place. This will be reported on for FY25. Anti-corruption and anti-bribery 15. Lack of a supplier code of conduct Share of investments in entities without policies on anti-corruption and anti-bribery consistent with the United Nations Convention against Corruption 7% 7% Upon acquisition, all wholly owned SPV’s adopt the policies of the Company including anti-corruption and anti-bribery. The Investment Manager will work with its partners to implement appropriate policies in non wholly owned entities. GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 93 STRATEGIC REPORT GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Principal Adverse Impact Statement DESCRIPTION OF POLICIES TO IDENTIFY AND PRIORITISE PRINCIPAL ADVERSE IMPACTS ON SUSTAINABILITY FACTORS The Investment Manager seeks to mitigate the impact of principal adverse impacts (“PAIs”) and other indicators considered in relation to the Company firstly by implementing the Company’s ESG Policy (a copy of which can be found here: ESG – Greencoat Renewables (greencoat-renewables.com) (the “GRP ESG Policy”). The GRP ESG Policy, which has been developed in line with the Investment Manager’s ESG Policy (a copy of which can be found on the Investment Manager’s website), sets guidance and principles for integrating sustainability across the Company’s business and looks to establish best practice in climate related risk management, reporting and transparency. It outlines areas of focus for renewable energy assets including environment, workplace standards, health and safety practices, governance (including compliance with applicable laws and regulations) and local community engagements. It also includes a list of key performance indicators that are monitored and reported on (as appropriate). Sustainability factors are considered prior to investment as part of early-stage screening, detailed due diligence and the Investment Committee’s decision- making, and managed post-acquisition in accordance with the Investment Manager’s wider asset management practices. The GRP ESG Policy is reviewed annually by the Investment Manager’s ESG Committee and approved by the Board. In implementing its approach to integrating sustainability and the consideration of PAIs on sustainability factors, the Investment Manager does not rely on a dedicated team, but rather responsibilities are shared on a holistic basis: • the investment and asset management team (as the first line of defence) who embed sustainability practices (including the consideration of PAIs on sustainability factors) into their investment decision making and ongoing management of the assets; • a dedicated ESG Committee focussed on developing the ESG Policy with support from the Sustainability Team; • the Investment Committees; and • valuation independent of portfolio management and the Investment Manager Risk Management Committee (as overseen by the AIFM). Sustainability related risks and challenges are regularly discussed within the Investment Manager’s asset management team, which are also reported to and discussed with the Board through regular meetings and specific risk register review discussions. Key sustainability factors such as those relating to health and safety, compliance with environmental standards and stakeholder relations are regularly discussed and documented. The boards of each SPV are responsible for ensuring sustainability factors are considered in the context of the operational performance, business objectives and broader stakeholder relationships. During the holding period, representatives of the Investment Manager will take one or more seats on the board of each SPV and will oversee all major strategic and operational decisions. Given this structure, outside health and safety risks, the organizational (including governance) risks of the SPVs are limited. None of the SPVs have employees or management teams and therefore any employee related social factors are focussed on the third-party service providers. The Investment Manager’s ESG Committee is responsible for (i) determining the ESG Policy and reviewing it regularly to ensure it remains relevant to evolving conditions, (ii) developing and evolving sustainability integration practices for material sustainability factors within the different businesses and assets, (iii) leveraging existing resources and research capabilities on sustainability related topics for the benefit of the investment management team, and (iv) promoting education and awareness of sustainability trends and developments and sharing best practice. The ESG Committee meets at least quarterly and is comprised of representatives of each investment strategy. The Investment Manager uses information provided directly from investee companies in relation to the PAIs. To ensure data quality, the Investment Manager works with specialist external advisers, such as environmental consultants. These advisors review the Investment Manager’s methodologies for identifying and prioritising PAIs and advise on industry best practices. The data collected as described above is processed as follows: • KPI data is sourced directly from SPVs and supplemented by specialist external advisers such as environmental consultants, as required. • O&M service providers used by the Company or its SPVs report to the Investment Manager, monthly, on a standard set of KPIs and qualitative factors, such as health and safety, compliance with relevant laws and regulations, local community engagement and habitat management, where relevant. • Carbon footprint indicators are measured in line with the industry standard GHG Protocol based on an equity control approach, meaning emissions from the Company’s operations are weighted according to the Company or its SPV’s ownership interest. Scope emissions calculations are carried out by third party consultants. In some instances, the Company may need to use estimates or proxy data. Where estimated data is used it will typically represent the minority of data used and will be based upon reasonable assumptions and appropriate comparators. The Investment Manager will act reasonably in using estimated or proxy data. As the use of such data will vary on a case-by case basis, it is not possible to provide a proportion of estimated data. Engagement policies The Company is committed to engaging with all stakeholders relevant to its portfolio to ensure its renewable investments positively impact the communities in which they operate. The Board recognises that engagement is critical to long term sustainable investment. It seeks to build strong, long-term relationships with high-quality, experienced counterparties to give consistency of service and standards, allow for learnings across the varies businesses it manages and drive efficiency. GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 94 Principal Adverse Impact Statement continued References to international standards The Investment Manager holds memberships and/or proactively engages with the following responsible business codes and/or internationally recognised standards to promote sustainable investment practices. 1. Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures (“TCFD”) Relevant for Table 1, PAI 1-5 (Greenhouse gas emissions) The Company and the Investment Manager supports and aligns with the TCFD recommendations and reports the disclosures in the annual reports of the funds it manages. These disclosures report on climate change related impacts, opportunities and risks to the funds, as well as fund level carbon emissions. Given its long-term investment perspective, the Investment Manager constantly assesses the risks its assets might be exposed to and factors them into decision making and risk monitoring. Historical comparison Please refer to Table 1 for historical data comparison. Specifically in relation to health and safety, in 2024 there were 119 workdays lost as a result of 5 lost time incident; compared to 8 workdays lost in 2023. The Investment Manager continues its focus on managing health and safety risks including regular training for asset managers and Operations & Maintenance teams to promote a culture of reporting to improve awareness and openness on the management of health and safety at sites. The Manager will continue to monitor health and safety performance of all sites closely, in line with its ESG Policy commitments. The Company had a 70% decrease in scope emissions in 2024, compared with the previous reporting year. Scope 1 emissions decreased due to decreased SF6 gas being reported, with only one asset reporting SF6 consumption. Market-based scope 2 emissions decreased by 23% due to more assets switching to renewable tariffs. Scope 3 remain the largest contributor to overall emissions, at 99.2% of total emissions and capital goods remains the highest driver of total Company emissions at 80%. Scope 3 embodied carbon emissions must be accounted for in the year an asset is acquired, under capital goods, and are not amortised for the year the asset is bought, under GHG Protocol guidance. Since the Company only acquired one asset in 2024, emissions associated with capital goods decreased by 75% year on year. The GHG intensity figure decreased 95%year on year to 437 tCO2/€m revenue. This decrease was primarily driven by the decrease in emissions from capital goods, discussed above. The Manager reports this metric in line with regulatory guidance and industry best practice but does not believe it to be the most appropriate metric with which to understand and monitor that carbon performance of the asset class. GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 95 STRATEGIC REPORT GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Principal Adverse Impact Statement ANNEX Defined terms used in this statement For the purposes of this statement, the following definitions shall apply: (1) ‘scope 1, 2 and 3 GHG emissions’ means the scope of greenhouse gas emissions referred to in points (1)(e)(i) to (iii) of Annex III to Regulation (EU) 2016/1011 of the European Parliament and of the Council2; (2) ‘greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions’ means greenhouse gas emissions as defined in Article 3, point (1), of Regulation (EU) 2018/842 of the European Parliament and of the Council3; (3) ‘weighted average’ means a ratio of the weight of the investment by the financial market participant in an investee company in relation to the enterprise value of the investee company; (5) ‘companies active in the fossil fuel sector’ means companies that derive any revenues from exploration, mining, extraction, production, processing, storage, refining or distribution, including transportation, storage and trade, of fossil fuels as defined in Article 2, point (62), of Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 of the European Parliament and of the Council4; (6) ‘renewable energy sources’ means renewable non-fossil sources, namely wind, solar (solar thermal and solar photovoltaic) and geothermal energy, ambient energy, tide, wave and other ocean energy, hydropower, biomass, landfill gas, sewage treatment plant gas, and biogas; (7) ‘non-renewable energy sources’ means energy sources other than those referred to in point (6); (8) ‘energy consumption intensity’ means the ratio of energy consumption per unit of activity, output or any other metric of the investee company to the total energy consumption of that investee company; (9) ‘high impact climate sectors’ means the sectors listed in Sections A to H and Section L of Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 1893/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council5; (10) ‘protected area’ means designated areas in the European Environment Agency’s Common Database on Designated Areas (CDDA); (11) ‘area of high biodiversity value outside protected areas’ means land with high biodiversity value as referred to in Article 7b(3) of Directive 98/70/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council6; (12) ‘emissions to water’ means direct emissions of priority substances as defined in Article 2(30) of Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council7 and direct emissions of nitrates, phosphates and pesticides; (13) ‘areas of high water stress’ means regions where the percentage of total water withdrawn is high (40-80%) or extremely high (greater than 80%) in the World Resources Institute’s (WRI) Water Risk Atlas tool “Aqueduct”; (14) ‘hazardous waste and radioactive waste’ means hazardous waste and radioactive waste; (15) ‘hazardous waste’ means hazardous waste as defined in Article 3(2) of Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council8; (16) ‘radioactive waste’ means radioactive waste as defined in Article 3(7) of Council Directive 2011/70/Euratom9; (17) ‘non-recycled waste’ means any waste not recycled within the meaning of ‘recycling’ in Article 3(17) of Directive 2008/98/EC; (18) ‘activities negatively affecting biodiversity-sensitive areas’ means activities that are characterised by all of the following: (a) those activities lead to the deterioration of natural habitats and the habitats of species and disturb the species for which a protected area has been designated; (b) for those activities, none of the conclusions, mitigation measures or impact assessments adopted pursuant to any of the following Directives or national provisions or international standards that are equivalent to those Directives have been implemented: (i) Directive 2009/147/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council10; (ii) Council Directive 92/43/EEC11; (iii) an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) as defined in Article 1(2), point (g), of Directive 2011/92/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council12; 2 Regulation (EU) 2016/1011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 June 2016 on indices used as benchmarks in financial instruments and financial contracts or to measure the performance of investment funds and amending Directives 2008/48/EC and 2014/17/EU and Regulation (EU) No 596/2014 (OJ L 171, 29.6.2016, p. 1). 3 Regulation (EU) 2018/842 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2018 on binding annual greenhouse gas emission reductions by Member States from 2021 to 2030 contributing to climate action to meet commitments under the Paris Agreement and amending Regulation (EU) No 525/2013 (OJ L 156, 19.6.2018, p. 26). 4 Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the Governance of the Energy Union and Climate Action, amending Regulations (EC) No 663/2009 and (EC) No 715/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council, Directives 94/22/EC, 98/70/EC, 2009/31/EC, 2009/73/EC, 2010/31/EU, 2012/27/EU and 2013/30/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council, Council Directives 2009/119/EC and (EU) 2015/652 and repealing Regulation (EU) No 525/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 328, 21.12.2018, p. 1). 5 Regulation (EC) No 1893/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 December 2006 establishing the statistical classification of economic activities NACE Revision 2 and amending Council Regulation (EEC) No 3037/90 as well as certain EC Regulations on specific statistical domains Text with EEA relevance (OJ L 393, 30.12.2006, p. 1–39). 6 Directive 98/70/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 October 1998 relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels and amending Council Directive 93/12/ EEC (OJ L 350, 28.12.1998, p. 58). 7 Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy (OJ L 327, 22.12.2000, p. 1). 8 Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain Directives (OJ L 312, 22.11.2008, p. 3). 9 Council Directive 2011/70/Euratom of 19 July 2011 establishing a Community framework for the responsible and safe management of spent fuel and radioactive waste (OJ L 199, 2.8.2011, p. 48). 10 Directive 2009/147/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 November 2009 on the conservation of wild birds (OJ L 20, 26.1.2010, p. 7). 11 Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora (OJ L 206, 22.7.1992, p. 7). 12 Directive 2011/92/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 2011 on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment (OJ L 026, 28.1.2012, p. 1). GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 96 Principal Adverse Impact Statement continued (iv) for activities located in third countries, conclusions, mitigation measures or impact assessments adopted in accordance with national provisions or international standards that are equivalent to the Directives and impact assessments listed in points (i), (ii) and (iii); (19) ‘biodiversity-sensitive areas’ means Natura 2000 network of protected areas, UNESCO World Heritage sites and Key Biodiversity Areas (‘KBAs’), as well as other protected areas, as referred to in Appendix D of Annex II to Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/213913; (20) ‘threatened species’ means endangered species, including flora and fauna, listed in the European Red List or the IUCN Red List, as referred to in Section 7 of Annex II to Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/2139; (22) ‘UN Global Compact principles’ means the ten Principles of the United Nations Global Compact; (24) ‘board’ means the administrative, management or supervisory body of a company; (25) ‘human rights policy’ means a policy commitment approved at board level on human rights that the economic activities of the investee company shall be in line with the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights; For the purposes of this Annex, the following formulas shall apply: (1) ‘GHG emissions’ shall be calculated in accordance with the following formula: i ∑( current value of investmenti x investee assets’s Scope(x) GHG emissionsi ) investee assets’s debt + equity n (2) ‘carbon footprint’ shall be calculated in accordance with the following formula: ∑ i( current value of investmenti x investee asset’s Scope1,2 and 3 GHG emissionsi ) n investee asset’s debt + equityi current value of all investments (€M) (3) ‘GHG intensity of investee companies’ shall be calculated in accordance with the following formula: i ∑( current value of investmenti current value of all investments (€M)i n x investee asset’s Scope 1,2 and 3 GHG emissionsi ) investee asset’s €M revenuei (4) ‘GHG intensity of sovereigns’ shall be calculated in accordance with the following formula: i ∑( current value of investmenti x The country’ s Scope 1,2 and 3 GHG emissionsi ) current value of all investments (€M) Gross Domestic Producti (€M) n (5) ‘inefficient real estate assets’ shall be calculated in accordance with the following formula: ((Value of real estate assets built before 31/12/2020 with “EPC of C or below) + (Value of real estate assets built after 31/12/2020 with PED below NZEB in Directive 2010/31/EU)) (Value of real estate assets required to abide by EPC and NZEB rules) For the purposes of the formulas, the following definitions shall apply: (1) ‘current value of investment’ means the value in EUR of the investment by the financial market participant in the investee company; (2) ‘enterprise value’ means the sum, at fiscal year-end, of the market capitalisation of ordinary shares, the market capitalisation of preferred shares, and the book value of total debt and non-controlling interests, without the deduction of cash or cash equivalents; (3) ‘current value of all investments’ means the value in EUR of all investments by the financial market participant; (4) ‘nearly zero-energy building (NZEB)’, ‘primary energy demand (PED)’ and ‘energy performance certificate (EPC)’ shall have the meanings given to them in paragraphs 2, 5 and 12 of Article 2 of Directive 2010/31/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council14. 13 Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/2139 of 4 June 2021 supplementing Regulation (EU) 2020/852 of the European Parliament and of the Council by establishing the technical screening criteria for determining the conditions under which an economic activity qualifies as contributing substantially to climate change mitigation or climate change adaptation and for determining whether that economic activity causes no significant harm to any of the other environmental objectives (OJ L 442, 9.12.2021, p. 1). 14 Directive 2010/31/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 May 2010 on the energy performance of buildings (recast) (OJ L 153, 18.6.2010, p. 13). GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 97 STRATEGIC REPORT GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS DEFINED TERMS AB means Aktiebola (Swedish term for “limited company”) Admission Document means the Admission Document of the Company published on 25 July 2017 Aggregate Group Debt means the Group’s proportionate share of outstanding third-party debt AI means Artificial Intelligence AIB means Allied Irish Bank plc AIC means the Association of Investment Companies AIC Code of Corporate Governance sets out a framework of best practice in respect of the governance of investment companies. It has been endorsed by the Financial Reporting Council as an alternative means for our members to meet their obligations in relation to the UK Corporate Governance Code AIC Guide means the AIC’s Corporate Governance Guide for Investment Companies AIF means Alternative Investment Funds (as defined in AIFMD) AIFM means Alternative Investment Fund Manager (as defined in AIFMD) AIFMD means Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive AIM means Alternative Investment Market AGM means Annual General Meeting of the Company Arcy-Precy means Ferme Eolenne D’Arcy-Precy AUM means Assets Under Management AXA means funds managed by AXA Investment Managers UK Limited BA means Bachelor of Arts BAI means Bachelor in the Art of Engineering Ballincollig Hill means Tra Investments Limited Ballybane means Ballybane Windfarms Limited BBS means Bachelor of Business Studies BCL means Bachelor of Civil Law BDO means the Company’s Auditor as at the reporting date Beam means Beam Hill and Beam Hill Extension Beam Hill means Beam Wind Limited Beam Hill Extension means Meenaward Wind Farm Limited Board means the Directors of the Company Borkum Riffgrund 1 means Borkum Riffgrund oHG Boston Holding means Boston Holding A/S BPS means Basis points Brexit mean the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union Butendiek means OWP Butendiek GmBH, Butendiek Asset Beteilgungs and OWP Butendiek Asset Gmbh Butendiek HoldCo means GRP Luxembourg Holding S.a.r.l. Carrickallen means Carrickallen Wind Limited CBA means Commonwealth Bank of Australia CBI means the Central Bank of Ireland CDP means Carbon Disclosure Project CE means Conformité Européene (CE) Mark CEO means Chief Executive Officer CFD means Contract for Difference CFO means Chief Financial Officer CIBC means Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce Cloosh Valley means Cloosh Valley Wind Farm Holdings DAC and Cloosh Valley Wind Farm DAC Cnoc means Cnoc Windfarms Limited CO2 means Carbon dioxide Company means Greencoat Renewables PLC GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 98 DEFINED TERMS continued Cordal means Cordal Windfarm Holdings Limited, Oak Energy Supply Limited and Cordal Windfarms Limited CPI means Consumer Price Index CSRD means Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive DCF means Discounted Cash Flow DS3 means Delivering a Secure, Sustainable Electricity System ECB means European Central Bank EGM means Extraordinary General Meeting of the Company EMEA means Europe, Middle East, and Africa Erstrask South means Erstrask Vind South AB ESG means the Environmental, Social and Governance EU means the European Union Euronext means the Euronext Dublin, formerly the Irish Stock Exchange EURIBOR means the Euro Interbank Offered Rate Eurozone means the area comprising 20 of the 27 Member States which have adopted the euro as their common currency and sole legal tender EU SFDR means the European Union Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation FCA means Financial Conduct Authority FIT means Feed-In Tariff FRC means Financial Reporting Council Garranereagh means Sigatoka Limited GAV means Gross Asset Value as defined in the Admission Document Genonville means Ferme Eolienne de Genonville GHG Protocol means Greenhouse Gas Protocol Glanaruddery means Glanaruddery Windfarms Limited and Glanaruddery Energy Supply Limited Glencarbry means Glencarbry Windfarm Limited GoOs means Guarantees of Origin Gortahile means Gortahile Windfarm Limited Grande Piece means Ferme Eolienne de la Grande Piece Group means the Company, Holdco, Holdco 1 and Holdco 2 Group Statutory Auditors means BDO GRP Sweden means GRP Sweden Holding AB GW means Gigawatt GWh means Gigawatt per hour Holdco means GR Wind Farms 1 Limited Holdco 1 means Greencoat Renewables 1 Holdings Limited Holdco 2 means Greencoat Renewables 2 Holdings Limited Holdcos mean GR Wind Farms 1 Limited, Greencoat Renewables 1 Holdings Limited and Greencoat Renewables 2 Holdings Limited H&S means Health and Safety IAS means International Accounting Standards ICAM means Institut Catholique d’Arts et Métiers IFRS means International Financial Reporting Standards ING means ING Bank N.V. Investment Management Agreement means the agreement between the Company and the Investment Manager Investment Manager means Schroders Greencoat LLP (formerly Greencoat Capital LLP) IPEV means the International Private Equity and Venture Capital Valuation Guidelines IPO means Initial Public Offering GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 99 STRATEGIC REPORT GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS DEFINED TERMS Irish Corporate Governance Annex is a corporate governance annex addressed to companies with a primary equity listing on the Main Securities Market of Euronext IRR means internal rate of return I-SEM means the Integrated Single Electricity Market, which is the wholesale electricity market arrangement for Ireland and Northern Ireland Joint Broker means RBC and J&E Davy Killala means Killala Community Wind Farm DAC Killala Battery means Bat project at Killala Community Wind Farm DAC Killhills means Killhills Windfarm Limited Kokkoneva means Kestilan Kokkaneva Tuulivoima Oy Knockacummer means Knockacummer Wind Farm Limited Knocknalour means Knocknalour Wind Farm Limited Kostroma Holdings means Kostroma Holdings Limited KPI means Key Performance Indicator LATAM means Latin America LBO means Leveraged Buyout Letteragh means Seahound Wind Developments Limited Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) means a measure of the lifetime costs divided by energy production Lisdowney means Lisdowney Wind Farm Limited LLP means Limited Liability Partnership Lost Time Incidents means an accident that results in time off work or loss of productive work MBA means Master of Business Administration MENA means Defined seperately Menonville means Ferme Eolienne de la Butte de Menonville Monaincha means Monaincha Wind Farm Limited MSc means Master of Science MW means Megawatt MWh means Megawatt per hour NAB means National Australia Bank Natwest means National Westminster Bank NAV means Net Asset Value as defined in the Admission Document NAV per Share means the Net Asset Value per Ordinary Share NNIP means NN Investment Partners B.V. NOMAD means a company that has been approved as a nominated advisor for the Alternative Investment Market (AIM), by Euronext Dublin and London Stock Exchange O&M means operations and maintenance Pasilly means Société d’Exploitation du Parc Eolien du Tonnerois PLC means Public Limited Company PPA means Power Purchase Agreement entered into by the Group’s wind farms PRI means the world’s leading proponent of responsible investment PSO means Public Support Obligation Rabobank means Cooperatieve Rabobank U.A. Raheenleagh means Raheenleagh Power DAC RBC means Royal Bank of Canada RCF means the Group’s Revolving Credit Facility REFIT means Renewable Energy Feed-In Tariff RESS means Renewable Energy Support Scheme R&D means Research and Development GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 100 DEFINED TERMS continued Saint Martin means Parc Eolien Des Courtibeaux SAS Santander means Abbey National Treasury Services Plc (trading as Santander Global Corporate Banking) SDG means Sustainable Development Goal SEM means the Single Electricity Market, which is the wholesale electricity market operating in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland SFDR means Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation SID means Senior Independent Director Sliabh Bawn means Sliabh Bawn Holding DAC, Sliabh Bawn Supply DAC and Sliabh Bawn Power DAC SME means Small and Medium-sized Enterprise SMSF means SMSF Holdings Limited Solar PV means a solar photovoltaic system, which is a power system designed to supply usable solar power by means of photovoltaics Soliedra means Parque Eolico Soliedra Sommette means Parc Eolien Des Tournevents SAS South Meath means SMSF Holdings Limited SPVs means the Special Purpose Vehicles, which hold the Group’s investment portfolio of underlying operating wind farms Taghart means Cregg Wind Farm Limited TCFD means Task Force on Climate Related Financial Disclosures Torrubia means Energia Inagotable de Eolo SLU TSR means Total Shareholder Return Tullahennel means Ronaver Energy Limited Tullynamoyle II means Tullynamoyle Wind Farm II Limited UK means United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland UK Code means UK Corporate Governance Code issued by the FRC UKW means Greencoat UK Wind PLC UN means United Nations USA means United States of America VAT means Value Added Tax GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 101 STRATEGIC REPORT GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Alternative Performance Measures Performance Measure Definition CO2 emissions avoided per annum The estimate of the portfolio’s annual CO2 emissions avoided through the displacement of alternative generation, based on the portfolio’s estimated generation as at the relevant reporting date. Homes powered per annum The estimate of the number of homes powered by electricity generated by the portfolio, based on the portfolio’s estimated generation as at the relevant reporting date. Generation The amount of energy generated by the underlying SPVs (investments) in the portfolio over the period. NAV movement per share (adjusting for dividends) Movement in the ex-dividend Net Asset Value per ordinary share during the year. NAV per share The Net Asset Value per ordinary share. Net cash generation The operating cash flow of the Group and wind farm SPVs. Premium to NAV The percentage difference between the published NAV per ordinary share and the quoted price of each ordinary share as at the relevant reporting date. Total return (NAV) The movement in the ex-dividend NAV per ordinary share, plus dividend per ordinary share declared or paid to shareholders with respect to the year. Total Shareholder Return The movement in share price, combined with dividends paid during the year, on the assumption that these dividends have been reinvested. GREENCOAT RENEWABLES ANNUAL REPORT 2024 102 Forward Looking Statements and other Important Information This document may include statements that are, or may be deemed to be, “forward-looking statements”. These forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology, including the terms “believes”, “estimates”, “anticipates”, “expects”, “intends”, “may”, “plans”, “projects”, “will”, “explore” or “should” or, in each case, their negative or other variations or comparable terminology or by discussions of strategy, plans, objectives, goals, future events or intentions. These forward-looking statements include all matters that are not historical facts. They may appear in a number of places throughout this document and may include, but are not limited to, statements regarding the intentions, beliefs or current expectations of the Company, the Directors and/or the Investment Manager concerning, amongst other things, the investment objectives and investment policy, financing strategies, investment performance, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, prospects and distribution policy of the Company and the markets in which it invests. By their nature, forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties because they relate to future events and depend on circumstances that may or may not occur in the future. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance. The Company’s actual investment performance, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, distribution policy and the development of its financing strategies may differ materially from the impression created by, or described in or suggested by, the forward-looking statements contained in this document. In addition, even if actual investment performance, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, distribution policy and the development of its financing strategies, are consistent with any forward-looking statements contained in this document, those results or developments may not be indicative of results or developments in subsequent periods. A number of factors could cause results and developments of the Company to differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements including, without limitation, general economic and business conditions, global renewable energy market conditions, industry trends, competition, changes in law or regulation, changes in taxation regimes, the availability and cost of capital, currency fluctuations, changes in its business strategy, political and economic uncertainty. Any forward-looking statements herein speak only at the date of this document. As a result, you are cautioned not to place any reliance on any such forward-looking statements and neither the Company nor any other person accepts responsibility for the accuracy of such statements. Subject to their legal and regulatory obligations, the Company, the Directors and the Investment Manager expressly disclaim any obligations to update or revise any forward- looking statement contained herein to reflect any change in expectations with regard thereto or any change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any statement is based. In addition, this document may include target figures for future financial periods. Any such figures are targets only and are not forecasts. Targets are based on certain assumptions and models which may not prove to be accurate. Nothing in this document should be construed as a profit forecast or a profit estimate. This Annual Report has been prepared for the Company as a whole and therefore gives greater emphasis to those matters which are significant in respect of Greencoat Renewables PLC and its subsidiary undertakings when viewed as a whole. G R E E N C O A T RENEWABLES Registered Address Riverside One Sir John Rogerson’s Quay Dublin 2 D02 X576, Ireland Investment Manager Schroders Greencoat LLP The Peak, 5 Wilton Road London, SW1V 1AN +44 20 7832 9400 Greencoat-Renewables@Ocorian.com Glanaruddery