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ImmuPharma- Plc

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FY2022 Annual Report · ImmuPharma- Plc
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Contents

Chairman’s Report

Financial Review

Strategic Report

Business Overview and Prospects

Business Strategy and Objectives

Product Pipeline

Key objectives and performance 

Principal Risks and Uncertainties

Forward-Looking Statements

Board of Directors

Scientific Collaborators

Officers and Professional Advisers

Corporate Governance Report

Directors’ Report

Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities

Independent Auditor’s Report

Consolidated Income Statement

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

Company Statement of Financial Position

Company Statement of Changes in Equity

Company Statement of Cash Flows

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Glossary of Technical Terms

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10 – 26

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31 – 32

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ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022
ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

Annual Review

Chairman’s Report

2022 was a year of further transition for ImmuPharma 
as we continued to focus on progressing our late-stage 
pipeline assets as well as dealing with some complex 
regulatory processes, in conjunction with our partner 
Avion Pharmaceuticals (“Avion”) and in discussions with 
the US Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”). 

In 2022, ImmuPharma continued its primary focus on 
progressing our late-stage program, Lupuzor™ (P140), 
in conjunction with our US partner, Avion. During the 
second half of 2021, ImmuPharma started preparations  for 
the commencement of a clinical pharmacokinetic (“PK”) 
study, as guided by the US Food and Drug Administration 
(“FDA”). The PK study was successfully completed in 
April 2022 with guidance from the FDA in respect to 
progressing Lupuzor’s clinical program,  announced in 
early 2023.  This confirmed that in conjunction with Avion, 
we have agreed that the optimum route forward for 
Lupuzor™ is for a dose ranging Phase 2/3 adaptive study. 
Our current target is to commence this trial in H2 2023. 

The PK study findings also contributed to 
progressing an additional autoimmune clinical 
program for a new disease indication, CIDP 
(Chronic Idiopathic Demyelinating Polyneuropathy).

In June 2022, our share capital structure was reorganised 
and in August 2022, we concluded a successful fundraising 
of £2.04m (gross). ImmuPharma continued to explore 
opportunities with other potential commercial partners 
ex-US for P140 in lupus. Global partnerships are also being 
sought for  P140 in CIDP and anti-infective assets from the 
Company’s R&D pipeline.

Lupuzor™/P140 – opportunity and next steps
There are an estimated five million people suffering 
from lupus in the US, Europe and Japan (Source: Lupus 
Foundation of America). The prevalence in China may be 
3-4 times that seen in the US. Current ‘standard of care’ 
treatments, including steroids and immunosuppressants, 
can potentially have either serious side effects for patients 
or limited efficacy, with over 60 per cent of patients not 
adequately treated. 

ImmuPharma believes Lupuzor™/P140 has the potential 
to be a novel specific drug therapy for the treatment of 
Lupus by specifically modulating the immune system 
and halting disease progression in most lupus patients. 
It has a unique mechanism of action and is not an 
immunosuppressant like other drugs. Lupuzor™/P140 
normalises the over-activity of T-cells which are involved in 
the immune response leading to lupus disease. Lupuzor™ 
taken over the long term may have the potential to 
prevent the progression of lupus rather than just treating 
its symptoms, with the rest of the immune system retaining 
the ability to work normally.

A new major opportunity for P140 is CIDP, a rare 
acquired autoimmune disorder of peripheral 
nerves. It is a neurological disorder characterized by 
progressive weakness and impaired sensory function 
in the legs and arms. CIDP is a potential orphan drug 
indication which would provide patent life extension of 
7 years post-approval. 

The Board is confident that there is a route to 
market for P140 in lupus and CIDP including further 
corporate collaborations.

Lupuzor™ and Avion Pharmaceuticals | 
Background
On 28 November 2019, ImmuPharma and Avion 
signed an exclusive Trademark, License and 
Development Agreement for Lupuzor™/P140, with 
Avion agreeing to fund a new international Phase 3 
trial and commercialising Lupuzor™/P140 in the US. 
The agreement also provides Avion an option on any 
other P140 indications. Since then, there have been two 
guidance meetings with the FDA on the lupus program. 
At the first meeting the FDA requested ImmuPharma 
complete a clinical PK study of P140. Following 
successful completion of the PK study in 2022 the FDA 
guided on a new dosing regimen which has been built 
into a new Phase 2/3 adaptive clinical trial design.

ImmuPharma and its US partner Avion co-developed 
and successfully completed a clinical PK study of P140 
which was announced on 13 April 2022. The study was 
a Phase 1, open-label, single dose pharmacokinetic 
study of P140 after subcutaneous and intravenous 
administration in healthy male volunteers. Patients 
received a single subcutaneous injection of 200μg 
or 800μg P140 or a single intravenous injection of 
800μg P140. There was a clear time and dose-related 
PK profile, which is detectable in the blood of human 
volunteers and applicable for all potential clinical dosing 
regimens of P140. In-line with all human dosing to date, 
P140 was safe and well tolerated across all doses and 
in all subjects.

In the first half of 2022 ImmuPharma provided progress 
updates to the market in respect to guidance meetings 
between the FDA and Avion. This concluded with the FDA 
providing a detailed response in September 2022 to Avion 
with significant guidance on next steps for the clinical 
programme. This included advice on the dosing regime. 
In addition, the FDA also provided further significant 
improvement guidance on the study protocol. 

In February 2023, ImmuPharma confirmed that, with its 
partner Avion, they had agreed on an adaptive Phase 2/3 
study for Lupuzor™ in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 
(“SLE”) patients. This is a one-protocol pivotal study 
which allows exploration of a dose-range in the Phase 2 

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Chairman’s Report (continued)

part of the study, followed by seamless progression into 
the Phase 3 part of the study at the chosen dose. The 
overall timelines for the Lupus clinical program are shorter 
as one avoids the need for stopping and starting two 
independent trials, regulatory checks, ethics approvals and 
site set-ups.  It is also expected to be less costly overall. 
There is also an opportunity, through an interim analysis 
in the Phase 3 part of the study, to stop the study earlier if 
an efficacy signal is reached after a certain percentage of 
patients have been treated. 

This new study design incorporates guidance from the 
FDA which advised exploration of higher dose levels than 
have been used in the clinical program to date. A clean 
safety profile has already been established at higher doses. 

In April 2023, ImmuPharma confirmed that the FDA had a 
set date of 7 June 2023 for a type C meeting to consider 
the new Phase 2/3 study protocol, for which the target 
commencement date will be in H2 2023.

CIDP / P140
For P140 in CIDP we announced in April 2023 that we 
had received confirmation from the FDA for a pre- 
Investigational New Drug meeting date of 16 May 2023, to 
consider a Phase 2/3 adaptive trial study protocol.

This will be the first pivotal stage clinical study of P140 in 
patients with CIDP: a rare neurological disease with high 
medical need.

A new Investigational New Drug (“IND”) submission 
is required, as this will be the first time that P140 is to 
be studied in humans for the indication of CIDP. An 
application for Orphan Drug status will be submitted 
following the pre-IND meeting.

The CIDP market is expected to reach global sales of US$2.7bn 
by 2029 (source: Data Bridge Market Research, Dec 2022).

Potential Distribution Agreement with Avion
As announced in November 2022, we have agreed to 
explore the opportunity of a mutually beneficial route to 
allow ImmuPharma to introduce certain Avion products 
into the European market. If this is successful, this would 
generate top-line product sales revenue for the first time 
in ImmuPharma’s history and contribute net positive cash 
flow to the Company.

We in turn have identified an established European 
partner who could provide the infrastructure to market 
and distribute the products.

Lupus ABC Consortium
The FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research has 
partnered with the Lupus Research Alliance (LRA) to 
launch the Lupus Accelerating Breakthroughs Consortium 
(Lupus ABC), a first-of-its-kind public-private partnership 
focused on addressing challenges impacting lupus clinical 
trial success. 

Lupus ABC will convene people living with lupus, medical 
societies, industry, academic clinical researchers and 
scientists, FDA, and other federal agencies to address 
scientific hurdles that are beyond the capacity of any 
single entity. By connecting those with lived experience 
with all parties involved in lupus treatment research, CDER 
hopes to advance the development of urgently needed 
treatments for lupus. 

This can only be extremely good news for Lupus patients 
worldwide, including ImmuPharma, our partners and our 
peers, in bringing new safe Lupus drugs to the market, 
sooner rather than later.

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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 
(CNRS) 
ImmuPharma continues to have important collaboration 
arrangements with the Centre National de la Recherche 
Scientifique (“CNRS”), the French National Council 
for Scientific Research and the largest basic research 
organisation in Europe. This is where Lupuzor™ /
P140 platform was invented by Prof. Sylviane Muller, 
Emeritus Research Director at the CNRS. Through this 
partnership, the CNRS will be entitled to receive from 
ImmuPharma, low double-digit royalty payments of 
funds received by ImmuPharma from Avion through the 
Licence and Development Agreement and through further 
commercialisation deals for territories outside of the US.

Pipeline Overview  
There is a depth of scientific knowledge and innovation 
within the R&D team in Bordeaux which is focusing on those 
product developments (see below) which offer the highest 
probability of both scientific and commercial success. 

Management continues to concentrate on identifying and 
concluding commercial collaborations and licensing deals 
across the product portfolio. 

Our therapeutic focus is on two core areas; Autoimmunity/
Inflammation and Anti-infection. We also look for valuable 
deals for non-core assets as evidenced by a collaborative 
deal, signed in March 2023, with Orano on ImmuPharma’s 
peptide technology as a vector for cancer radiotherapy. 
The initial collaboration is for 12 months and a small 
undisclosed upfront payment was paid to ImmuPharma.

Autoimmunity & Inflammation
P140’s mode of action is relevant to many autoimmune 
and inflammatory diseases which provides a number 

of opportunities for ImmuPharma and its partners to 
explore in the near future. The therapeutic potential of 
P140 goes beyond just Lupus, with Chronic Inflammatory 
Demyelinating Polyneuropathy ("CIDP") being the 
next step. P140’s application across numerous disease 
states stems from the research partnership between the 
Company and Prof. Sylviane Muller, inventor of P140 
and Emeritus Research Director CNRS, France. Key 
highlights within the progression of the P140 platform are 
summarized below:

•  P140 – Lupuzor™  successfully completed PK study 
in 2022. A Phase 2/3 adaptive study is planned to 
commence in H2 2023. This is a one protocol pivotal 
study which allows exploration of a dose range in the 
Phase 2 part of the protocol.

•  P140 – CIDP a rare autoimmune disorder of peripheral 
nerves. CIDP is a potential orphan drug indication 
which would provide patent life extension of 7 years 
post-approval. A Phase 2/3 adaptive trial is targeted 
with IND/FDA guidance and orphan drug designation 
application underway.

•  P140 – Second generation. Our pre-clinical team in 
Bordeaux, ‘ImmuPharma Biotech’ has commenced 
work to develop a pharmacologically improved version 
of P140, a second-generation product that aims to 
further strengthen the IP position and provide therapies 
with different improved administration modalities, yet 
still maintaining P140 as the active moiety.

•  P140 – Other indications. Further clinical applications 

based on further preclinical investigation include 
asthma, Sjogrens syndrome, renal inflammation in 
diabetes, periodontitis and gout. 

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Chairman’s Report (continued)

Anti-Infection
The innovative peptide technology at ImmuPharma 
Biotech has been a huge success and very recently has 
given rise to a number of novel development programs, 
out of which we have identified two core programs, in 
pre-clinical development; BioAMB and BioCin, which we 
believe have the best commercial opportunity and speed 
to market. Despite the preclinical stage, these programs 
are based on existing drugs that have been used for 
decades so the PK, efficacy and safety of those drugs is 
well understood. They will also be patent protected. 

•  BioAMB, a novel peptide-based drug that offers 
a potential improvement on the limiting side 
effects and poor administration regime of current 
Amphotericin-B (“AMB”) formulations. AMB is 
one of a last line of agents against serious and 
life-threatening fungal infections caused by the 
aspergillus family of fungi.

•  BioCin, a novel peptide-based drug based on an 

existing potent antibacterial, vancomycin, used in high 
medical need cases and in many cases the last line of 
defense. BioCin has the potential to offer improved 
safety and administration benefits.

Interest in Incanthera Plc
As at 31 December 2022, ImmuPharma had a 12.97% 
interest in Oncology specialist, Incanthera plc, which 
trades on Aquis Stock Exchange (“AQSE”) under the 
ticker (TIDM:INC).

ImmuPharma also has 7,272,740 warrants options in 
Incanthera at an exercise price of 9.5p pence, being the 
price at which new shares were issued in the Placing 
accompanying Incanthera’s listing in 2020.

As announced in Incanthera’s interim report in 
December 2022, the Company continues to concentrate 
upon furthering discussions to capitalise on the potential 
for various applications of its skincare portfolio for 
commercial success.

As a major shareholder, ImmuPharma remains supportive 
of Incanthera.

Capital restructure
At the Annual General Meeting on 28 June 2022, the 
shareholders approved the subdivision of the Company’s 
ordinary share capital, whereby each existing Ordinary 
Share with a nominal value of 10p was subdivided into 
1 new Ordinary Share of 1p and 1 Deferred Share of 9p. 
The Deferred Shares have no significant rights attached 
to them and carry no right to vote or to participate in 
distribution of surplus assets and are not admitted to 
trading on the AIM market of the London Stock Exchange 
plc. The Deferred Shares effectively carry no value.

Capital subscription 
On 03  August 2022 ImmuPharma announced a 
subscription and placing to raise c£1.1m  through the 
issue of 21,018,182 new ordinary shares of 1 pence each 
in ImmuPharma at a price of 5p per ordinary share ("Issue 
Price"). This was followed on 11 August 2022 by the 
completion of the associated Broker Option, which raised 
£0.95m through the issue of 19,000,000 new ordinary 
shares of 1p each in the Company at a price of 5p per 
ordinary share. 

The monies raised included  a £1.0m subscription for 
20,000,000 new ordinary shares with Lanstead Capital 
Investors LP (“Lanstead"), at an Issue Price of 5 pence per 
share, together with a related Sharing Agreement.

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The £1.0 million gross proceeds of the Lanstead subscription 
was followed by the Sharing Agreement with Lanstead for 
100% of these shares with a reference price of 6.67p per 
share (“Benchmark Price”). The Sharing Agreement is for a 
24 month period and the Company will receive 24 monthly 
settlements, as measured against the Benchmark Price. 
The actual consideration is variable depending upon 
ImmuPharma's share price and provides the opportunity for 
ImmuPharma to benefit from a positive future share price 
performance or conversely to receive less proceeds if there 
is negative future share price performance.

The Company also agreed to issue Lanstead 1,400,000 
ordinary shares in connection with entering into the Sharing 
Agreement (“Value Payment Shares”).

The Company also issued 200,000 new Ordinary Shares 
(“Fee Shares”) at an issue price of 5 pence per share to 
SPARK Advisory Partners Ltd in lieu of fees. 

The Issue Price of 5 pence represented a 21.38% percent 
discount to the closing mid-market price (of 6.36p) of the 
Ordinary Shares on 02 August 2022, the latest business date 
prior to the Subscription and Placing.

Warrants
The Company agreed to issue Lanstead 30,000,000 
warrants in return for Lanstead foregoing the entitlement 
to increase the benchmark price in 2021 sharing 
agreement from 14.666p to 22p. The warrants are 
exercisable for 10 years at an exercise price of 5.5 pence.

The Company also issued 2,500,000 and 500,000 warrants 
to Stanford Capital Partners “SCP” and SI Capital in lieu 
of fees. The warrants are exercisable for 10 years at an 
exercise price of 5 pence.

During 2022, L1 Capital Global Opportunities Master Fund 
("L1")  exercised Options over 6,000,000 new ordinary 
shares of 1p each ("Ordinary Shares") at an exercise price 
of 5p per share, for a consideration of £300,000.

Current Activities and Outlook
As a Board, we remain focused on bringing our two key 
late stage clinical assets, Lupuzor™ and CIDP closer to the 
market. We now have a clinical roadmap for Lupuzor™ and 
remain on track with our target to commence the Phase 
2/3 adaptive trial in H2 2023, with potentially CIDP moving 
into clinical studies in parallel. This illustrates the potential 
franchise we have within our P140 autoimmune platform. 

We will also continue to concentrate on further 
commercial and partnering opportunities. In conjunction 
with the above objectives, we continue to take prudent 
measures on managing our cost base.

In closing, we would like to thank our shareholders for 
their support as well as our staff, corporate and scientific 
advisers and our partners including CNRS and Avion.

Tim McCarthy
Chairman & CEO
10th May 2023

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ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022
ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

Annual Review

Financial Review

The financial results of the ImmuPharma Group in this report 
cover the year ended 31 December 2022. The Group’s 
principal activity is that of research and development of 
novel drugs to treat serious medical conditions.

Income Statement and Statement of 
Comprehensive Income 
The operating loss for the year ended 31 December 
2022 was £3.0 million, down from £6.6 million for the year 
ended 31 December 2021. The research and development 
expenditure was £2.0 million, down from £3.7 million in 
2021. The decrease is a direct result of the corporate 
reorganisation in the prior year.  Administrative expenses 
were £0.8 million (2021: £1.0 million). The operating loss 
for the prior year included exceptional costs of £1.4 million 
in respect of corporate reorganisation, including the 
departures of Board members (including Dr Robert 
Zimmer and Dimitri Dimitriou) and respective settlement 
agreements. No such costs have taken place during the 
year ended 31 December 2022. 

Finance income has increased from £1k in 2021 to £29k in 
2022. Finance costs amounted to £1.5 million, down from 
£2.4 million in 2021, caused largely by the comparative fair 
value calculations on the Lanstead derivative financial asset 
and fair value loss on issue of warrants of £219k (2021: £nil). 
The loss after tax for the year was £3.8 million, a decrease 
from £8.2 million in 2021.

The amounts recognised directly in the Statement of 
Comprehensive Income include the total fair value loss 
of £0.7 million (2021: fair value loss of £1.0 million) which 
comprises the following components: fair value loss on 
shares held in Incanthera plc of £520k (2021: fair value loss 
of £584k) and fair value loss on Incanthera’s warrants of 
£206k (2021: fair value loss of £418k). Total comprehensive 
loss for the year was £4.5 million, a decrease from 
£9.2 million in 2021.

Statement of Financial Position 
The Group cash and cash equivalents at 31 December 
2022 amounted to £0.7 million (2021: £1.6 million) with 
the decrease caused by the operating losses including 
research and development expenditure related to PK 
study offset by cash inflows from financing activities. 
Trade and other payables decreased to £1.5 million (2021: 
£1.6 million) and was largely due to PK study related 
expenditure. The total value of the financial asset equated 
to £0.7 million, comprising of shares in Incanthera of 
£0.7 million (2021: £1.2 million) and warrants in Incanthera 
of £0.001 million (2021: £0.2 million). At 31 December 
2022 the Lanstead derivative financial asset amounted 
to £0.3 million (2021: £0.9 million). The decrease was a 
result of the fair value calculation performed at year end, 
reflecting the decrease in ImmuPharma’s share price, 
further details can be seen in note 14.

Results
The Group recorded a loss for the year of £3.8 million 
(2021: £8.2 million). Basic and diluted loss per share was 
1.26p (2021: 3.25p). In accordance with the Group’s loss 
making position, no dividend is proposed.

Capital restructure
At the Annual General Meeting on 28 June 2022, the 
shareholders approved the subdivision of the Company’s 
ordinary share capital, whereby each existing Ordinary 
Share with a nominal value of 10p was subdivided into 
1 new Ordinary Share of 1p and 1 Deferred Share of 9p. 
The Deferred Shares have no significant rights attached 
to them and carry no right to vote or to participate in 
distribution of surplus assets and are not admitted to 
trading on the AIM market of the London Stock Exchange 
plc. The Deferred Shares effectively carry no value.

Total Voting Rights & Warrants
The Company had a total of 618,388,048 ordinary 
shares in issue at 31 December 2022.  the Company's 
issued share capital now comprises, 333,403,115 
Ordinary Shares with one voting right each and 
284,984,933 deferred shares with no rights to vote. 
Total warrants outstanding equal: 151,450,908.

Treasury Policy
The policy continues to be that surplus funds of the 
Group are held in interest-bearing bank accounts on 
short or medium maturities, until commitments to future 
expenditure are made, when adequate funds are released 
to enable future expenditure to be incurred. The Group’s 
Treasury Policy and controls are straightforward and 
approved by the Board. 

Financial Strategy 
The overall strategy is to maintain a tight control over 
cash resources whilst enabling continued progress of the 
Company’s development assets. 

On behalf of the Board

Tim McCarthy
Director
10th May 2023

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ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022
ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

Annual Review

Strategic Report

The Board of ImmuPharma present their Strategic Report 
for the Group for the year ended 31 December 2022.

Vision and Values
ImmuPharma is an ethical organisation with the vision to 
develop novel drugs to treat serious medical conditions, 
delivering value to patients, medical professionals, 
healthcare payers and our shareholders.

Business Overview and Prospects
ImmuPharma plc is a specialty biopharmaceutical 
company that discovers and develops peptide-based 
therapeutics, headquartered in London and listed on 
the AIM of the London Stock Exchange (IMM). Its main 
research operation is in Bordeaux, France. ImmuPharma 
is dedicated to the development of novel drugs, largely 
based on peptide therapeutics, to treat serious medical 
conditions such as autoimmune diseases characterised by:

•  high unmet medical need;

•  low marketing costs; and

•  relatively low development costs.

ImmuPharma has adopted an outsourcing model 
where development activities are assigned to contract 
research organisations (“CROs”), maintaining low costs. 
ImmuPharma will manage the development of its own 
assets up to commercialisation, but actively seeks 
collaborative agreements with larger pharmaceutical 
companies at earlier stages of the development proceeds.

ImmuPharma’s portfolio includes novel peptide 
therapeutics within autoimmunity/inflammation and 
anti-infectives. The lead program, Lupuzor™, is a 
first-in class autophagy immunomodulator which is in 
late-stage development for the treatment of lupus. 
Preclinical analysis also suggests therapeutic activity for 
many other autoimmune diseases that share the same 
autophagy mechanism of action. ImmuPharma and Avion 
Pharmaceuticals LLC (“Avion”) signed on 28 November 
2019, an exclusive Licence and Development Agreement 
and Trademark Agreement for Lupuzor™ to complete 
clinical development and commercialise it in the 
United States.

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Strategic Report (continued)

Collaboration with Centre National de la 
Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
ImmuPharma has important collaboration arrangements 
with the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, the 
French National Council for Scientific Research and the 
largest basic research organisation in Europe. 

As part of the collaboration arrangements, ImmuPharma 
has entered into a research agreement with the CNRS 
which relates to the therapeutic use of peptides and 
peptide derivatives. ImmuPharma has been granted the 

worldwide exclusive rights to exploit all discoveries made 
pursuant to this agreement and will co-own the relevant 
intellectual property with the CNRS.

The CNRS has granted additional exclusive worldwide 
licences to ImmuPharma covering rights to discoveries 
made prior to this agreement but related to it. 
Applications for additional patents, to be jointly owned by 
the CNRS and ImmuPharma, have already been and are 
being filed. The CNRS is entitled to a share of the revenue 
generated by ImmuPharma from the exploitation of the 
CNRS’ licensed and co-owned rights. 

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Strategic Report (continued)
Business Strategy and Objectives

ImmuPharma focuses on developing pioneering and 
novel drugs in specialist therapeutic areas where there is a 
distinct lack of existing treatments, avoiding primary care 
(diseases treated by GPs) where many treatments exist. 
This is consistent with the trends in the pharmaceutical 
industry.

Since Immupharma’s foundation, our research strategy 
has been to work closely with the largest fundamental 
research organisation in Europe, the CNRS in France. 
This collaboration enables us to access innovative research 
with substantial embedded value at a relatively low cost, 
and to work with many leading scientists and doctors.

Our market strategy is to develop drug candidates to 
a point where further value can be added by licensing 
our assets to partners (primarily major pharmaceutical 
corporations) that are well placed to further develop 
and/or commercialise them. Our corporate deal with 
Avion Pharmaceuticals signed in 2019, encompassing 
an exclusive Agreement for Lupuzor™, our lead drug 
candidate for the treatment of lupus, to complete 
development and commercialise in the US, is a successful 
example of this strategy in action.

ImmuPharma’s principal business objective is to 
enhance shareholder value through the development 
and commercialisation of novel drugs. Its strategies for 
achieving this objective include:

•  pursuing a low-cost model of accessing world class 

research through our collaboration with the CNRS in 
France;

•  selecting specialist therapeutic areas where there are 

high unmet needs; 

•  managing the clinical development of novel drug 

candidates;

•  seeking collaborative agreements with partner 
companies to further the development and 
commercialisation of novel drug candidates; and

•  maintaining a small corporate infrastructure to 

minimise costs.

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

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Strategic Report (continued)
Pipeline Overview

ImmuPharma’s pipeline is focused on two core therapeutic 
areas:

Each of these proprietary programs and respective drug 
candidates are novel peptide therapeutics and represent 
a novel approach to therapy.

•  Autoimmunity & Inflammation

•  Anti-Infectives

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Annual Review

Strategic Report (continued)
Product Pipeline

Autoimmunity and Inflammation
Lupuzor™
ImmuPharma’s lead product candidate, Lupuzor™ (P140) 
targets systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE or ‘lupus’). 
The current standard of care still consists of steroid and 
anti-malarial therapies which many have side-effects and 
poor response in many patients. Recently more targeted 
monoclonal therapies are GlaxoSmithKline’s Benlysta and 
more recently, AstraZeneca’s Saphnelo. There still exists 
a high unmet medical need for a drug that has a strong 
efficacy and safety profile.

Lupus is a chronic, life-threatening autoimmune, 
inflammatory disease with a pattern of flares and 
remission. Lupus can affect multiple organs such as 
skin, joints, kidneys, blood cells, heart and lungs. 
The symptoms are varied and not always specific to 
one disease, making diagnosis difficult with patients 
presenting to several different specialists (mainly 
dermatologists, rheumatologists, and nephrologists). 
Awareness of the disease has steadily increased in recent 
years and should continue to do so due to well-organised 
patient groups and increased research and development 
activity into new treatments. New diagnostic tools are 
now in place and are increasingly used by physicians, 
which coupled with greater awareness, should lead to an 
increase in diagnosis rates. Targeting patients most likely 
to respond to P140 therapy will help more patients get 
access to P140 therapy. 

There are an estimated five million people suffering 
from lupus in the US, Europe and Japan (source: Lupus 
Foundation of America). The prevalence in China may be 
3-4 times that seen in the US. Current ‘standard of care’ 
treatments, including steroids and immunosuppressants, 
can potentially have either serious side effects for patients 
or limited effectiveness, with over 60% of patients not 
adequately treated. GlaxoSmithKline’s Benlysta is the first 
lupus drug approved in over 50 years and paves the path 
to market for Lupuzor™. Lupuzor™ would be entering a 
market with the potential for multi-billion sales. Benlysta 
and Saphnelo currently command global annualised sales 
of over $1billion despite any limitations associated with 
using these drugs.

Lupuzor™ was licensed to US Cephalon Pharmaceuticals 
in February 2009. ImmuPharma received upfront  
payments totalling US$45 million, with a US$500 million 
cash milestone payment structure plus royalties on future 
sales. In late 2011, following the acquisition of Cephalon 
by Teva Pharmaceuticals, ImmuPharma regained all 
product rights to Lupuzor™. On 28 November 2019, 
ImmuPharma and Avion Pharmaceuticals signed an 
exclusive trademark, licence, and development agreement 
for Lupuzor™ to fund a new optimised international  
Phase 3 trial for Lupuzor™ and commercialising 
Lupuzor™/P140 in the US. 

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Strategic Report (continued)
Product Pipeline (continued)

The agreement with Avion provides milestone payments 
and tiered double-digit royalties to ImmuPharma. Avion 
also have an an option on any other P140 indications. 
Since the agreement there have been two guidance 
meetings with the FDA on the lupus program. At the first 
meeting the FDA requested ImmuPharma complete a 
clinical PK study of P140. Following successful completion 
of the PK study in 2022 the FDA guided on a new dosing 
regimen which has been built into a new Phase 2/3 
adaptive clinical trial design.

Lupuzor™ has the potential to be a first-in-class and 
first-line drug therapy for the treatment of lupus by 
specifically modulating the immune system and halting 
disease progression. Professor Sylviane Muller, previous 
Chair of Therapeutic Immunology at the CNRS and 
inventor of Lupuzor™, has published work demonstrating 
Lupuzor™ has a unique mechanism of action in 
modulating the activity of CD4 T cells which are involved 
in the cell-mediated immune response which leads to 
the lupus disease whilst allowing the rest of the immune 
system to work normally.

Lupuzor™ previously completed Phase IIb and Phase III 
clinical trials. The Phase III trial was carried out under a 
Special Protocol Assessment (SPA) from the US Food and 

Drug Administration (FDA) to conduct Phase III trials with 
Fast Track Designation. In 2015, ImmuPharma signed 
an agreement with Simbec-Orion to complete a pivotal 
Phase III clinical study of Lupuzor™. Simbec-Orion is a 
full service international Clinical Research Organisation 
(CRO) specialising in rare and orphan conditions and has 
previous direct experience of lupus trials.

The Phase III trial was an international, double-blind, 
randomised, placebo-controlled trial. A total of 
202 patients received 200μg P140 or placebo once every 
month by subcutaneous injection. The study completed  
in January 2018 and top line results announced in April 
2018. Although the study missed the overall primary 
endpoint, post-hoc analysis provided further insight to  
the design of a new clinical study with greater ability to 
show benefit in patients while maintaining good safety 
and tolerability. 

ImmuPharma’s US partnership with Avion was established 
at the end of 2019, which then enabled the process of 
developing an appropriate late-stage clinical plan for 
P140 in lupus. Since then, there have been two guidance 
meetings with the FDA on the lupus program. At the first 
meeting the FDA requested ImmuPharma complete a 
clinical PK study of P140.

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Annual Review

Strategic Report (continued)
Product Pipeline (continued)

During the second half of 2021, ImmuPharma started 
preparations for the commencement of a clinical 
pharmacokinetic (“PK”) study, as guided by the FDA in the 
first Type-C meeting in 2020. The PK study was successfully 
completed in April 2022 with guidance from the FDA 
in respect to progressing Lupuzor’s clinical program 
being announced to shareholders in early September 
2022. Following successful completion of the PK study in 
2022 the second FDA Type-C meeting guided on a new 
dosing regimen which has been built into a new Phase 2/3 
adaptive clinical trial design.

The findings of the P140 PK study also greatly contributed 
to finalising our clinical protocol for a new disease 
indication CIDP (Chronic Idiopathic Demyelinating 
Polyneuropathy).

P140 - Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating 
Polyneuropathy (“CIDP”)
Professor Sylviane Muller’s preclinical work and 
publications also suggest that P140 may provide 
therapeutic benefit in CIDP*. CIDP is a rare acquired 
autoimmune disorder of peripheral nerve, described 
by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and 
Stroke (NINDS) as a neurological disorder characterized 
by progressive weakness and impaired sensory function 
in the legs and arms. Prevalence estimates suggest 
from 30,000-50,000 CIDP cases across US/Europe. 
The European Academy of Neurology/ Peripheral 

Nerve Society (EAN/PNS) diagnosis guideline second 
update in 2021 notes that CIDP is the most common 
immune-mediated neuropathy. 

CIDP can occur in both genders at any age, it is more 
common in young men than women. The initial symptoms 
are tingling or numbness (beginning in the toes and 
fingers), weakness of the arms and legs, loss of deep 
tendon reflexes (areflexia), fatigue, and abnormal 
sensations. CIDP is closely related to Guillain-Barre 
syndrome, and it is considered the chronic counterpart 
of that acute disease. Complications of CIDP include 
permanent decrease or loss of sensation in areas of the 
body and permanent weakness or paralysis in areas of the 
body. These symptoms may result in impaired lower and 
upper limb function. Common deficits encountered in 
patients with CIDP include gait instability and the need for 
gait assistive devices include cane, walker or wheelchair. 
Upper limb manifestations may include impairment with 
day-to-day activities such as manipulating buttons or 
zippers or using dinner cutlery. Other symptoms may 
include pain, tremor and fatigue; each of which adds to 
the disability of patients independent of loss of motor and 
sensory control. While most disability from CIDP is thought 
to be disease related, one must also consider disability 
related to medication used to treat the disorder. For many 
patients the burden of treatment (side effects, cost, time, 
loss of autonomy) can be substantial.

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Strategic Report (continued)
Product Pipeline (continued)

There is a substantial personal and pharmacoenconomic 
burden of CIDP. The goals of CIDP treatment are to arrest 
the attack on the myelin sheath of nerves and to reduce 
symptoms, improve functional ability, prevent relapse, 
and maintain long-term remission. Immunoglobulins (Igs), 
corticosteroids, and plasma exchange are considered as 
first-line therapy.

In the US intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is considered 
first line treatment. Multiple IVIG products including 
Panziga® (Pfizer), Gamunex (Grifols) and Privigen 
(CSL Behring) have been approved for treatment of 
adults with CIDP to improve neuromuscular disability and 
impairment. The mechanism by which IVIG improves CIDP 
is not clearly understood, but likely involves competing 
with or removing pathogenic auto-antibodies, thereby 
preventing myelin and nerve injury. Within a setting void 
of inflammatory nerve attack, nerves may auto-heal, and 
their function can be restored. In cases where nerve injury 
is severe or very chronic repair is an unrealistic objective, 
and the focus turns to preventing the disease from 
getting worse.

Other than IVIG, corticosteroids and plasma exchange 
are evidence-based proven effective CIDP treatment 
options. Plasma exchange is limited by the short durability 
of treatment effect, need for frequent exchanges, and 
tolerability as a chronic treatment. The many side effects 
of corticosteroids are well known. While these can be 

managed in the short term, as a long-term therapy 
corticosteroid generally impose too much collateral 
damage on patients to be considered a routine viable 
treatment option. In all patients, which treatment is given 
depends on comorbidities and contraindications, tried, 
and failed prior treatment attempts, and disease severity. 
With more aggressive treatment comes more potential for 
adverse outcomes, but that risk may be justified if disease 
disability is substantial. In the mildest cases in which 
symptoms do not impact functionality the disease may be 
managed with supportive care alone

ImmuPharma has completed the protocol for a pivotal 
adaptive Phase 2/3 clinical trial to be submitted for an IND 
application and application for orphan drug designation 
in 2023. Orphan drug designation would provide 7 years’ 
marketing exclusivity post-approval.

ImmuPharma is working closely with Professor Jerome de 
Seze, a Professor in Neurology and PhD in Immunology 
and Head of the Neuroimmunological department 
of Strasbourg hospital. He is a recognised specialist 
in CIDP and will be the principal investigator for our 
forthcoming CIDP trial and has been involved in 
many CIDP trials. Professor Sylviane Muller, who has a 
longstanding relationship with Professor de Seze and his 
work within CIDP, will provide any necessary support for 
this programme.

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Annual Review

Strategic Report (continued)
Product Pipeline (continued)

This CIDP clinical study has much shorter treatment 
duration timelines than lupus meaning that this clinical 
trial could potentially complete ahead of the Lupuzor™ 
Phase 2/3 trial in lupus. 

The CIDP programme is gaining a lot of interest in the 
Biopharmaceuticals industry given the orphan drug 
status, high medical need in a neurology therapy area, 
and limited therapeutic options which do not have any 
underlying disease-modifying benefits. The sales potential 
for P140 in CIDP is forecast to be over $750 million 
annually by 2031. The Company is in active discussions 
with potential commercial partners on this programme.

*Results were published in 2018 in the ’Journal of 
Autoimmunity 92 (2018) 114–125’ entitled: “An autophagy-
targeting peptide to treat chronic inflammatory 
demyelinating polyneuropathies”. 

P140 – Other indications
As part of the ongoing research into P140, a number of 
new indications have been revealed. They all share the 
same common cause at the mechanistic level of the cell. 
Pre-clinical studies have now confirmed P140 activity in 
asthma (acute and chronic), gout, irritable bowel disease 
and periodontitis. There is still significant unmet medical 
need in all these diseases states.

P140 – Second generation
ImmuPharma, has commenced work to develop an 
improved version of P140, a second generation product 
that aims to further strengthen the IP position and deliver 
active P140 with improved dosing regimens. This also 
provides the benefit of extending the product life cycle 
of P140 and the ability to study P140 (the active moiety) in 
additional disease indications.

Anti-Infectives
Anti-infectives was chosen as a core therapy focus because 
of the ever-looming threat of new and resistant organisms, 
with few significant new products or even classes having 
been discovered or developed now for many years. 
Our proprietary peptide technology lends itself well to 
taking established products and greatly improving their 
pharmacology.

The World Health Organisation has stated that resistance 
to antibiotics is one of the biggest threats to global health, 
costs and mortality. Pandemic disease events could cost 
the global economy over $6 trillion in the 21st century 
(National Academy of Medicine: 2016).

It is worth to note that clinical trials within anti-infectives 
therapy area are generally much shorter than for chronic 
diseases, so this is an attractive therapy area for speed to 
market and lower cost of trials. 

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Strategic Report (continued)
Product Pipeline (continued)

BioAMB
BioAMB is our most advanced anti-infective candidate. 
It is an improved form of amphotericin-B (“AMB”), a 
well-established systemic antifungal drug. It is usually 
reserved for third line therapy due to the severe side 
effects associated with most AMB formulations. The 
toxicity associated with AMB, especially nephrotoxicity, 
has always been a key challenge for this group of drugs. 
Pre-clinical studies on BioAMB have so far demonstrated 
both efficacy and none of the usual toxicity side effects 
associated with existing AMB formulations. Sales of 
AMB formulations in 2021 were $540 million. However, 
BioAMB’s target product profile will aim for a larger 
market where the azole class of drugs are used first line 
(e.g. voriconazole). We are targeting improvements in 
drug administration and safety whilst maintaining the high 
efficacy of amphotericin-B against fungal pathogens. 

BioCin
BioCin is an improved form of vancomycin, a systemic 
antibacterial which is highly effective against Methicillin 
Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) and orally 
against Clostridium Difficile infections. However, 
vancomycin is not absorbed from the gut and so requires 
administration by infusion which is needs to be monitored 
for efficacy/safety and represents an expensive regimen 
for patients and their healthcare providers. We have 
identified where we can improve a number of aspects of 
the drug’s pharmacology with BioCin in order to improve 
ease of administration whilst optimising the efficacy/safety 
profile compared to standard vancomycin therapy. 

Key Performance Indicators
ImmuPharma is a drug discovery and development 
group. In keeping with organisations at a similar stage of 
development in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology 
sector, ImmuPharma’s main activity involves incurring 

research and development expenditure. The overall 
strategy is to maintain a tight control over cash resources 
whilst enabling controlled development of the potential 
product portfolio.

Going Concern
The Company and Group do not generate any material 
cash revenues as its pipeline products are currently at 
research and development stage and therefore rely on 
external finance in order to fund its operation.

The directors have prepared cashflow forecasts covering 
a period of more than 12 months from the date of the 
approval of these financial statements. These forecasts 
include a number of cash inflows to the Company and 
Group including the variable cash receipts under the 
Lanstead Sharing Agreement and expected receipts from 
licence and collaborations agreements. No new equity 
fundraising has been assumed. Certain directors of the 
company continue to defer salaries and the forecasts 
assume that this will continue over the forecast period. 
Some of the cash inflows have a level of uncertainty in 
respect of timing of receipt and absolute quantum which 
have been modelled through sensitivity analysis. These 
uncertainties are such that potential actions, to further 
reduce the cost base of operations, may not be sufficient 
to mitigate all reasonably possible downsides.

Based on the above, the directors believe it remains 
appropriate to prepare the financial statements on a going 
concern basis. However, these circumstances represent a 
material uncertainty that may cast significant doubt upon 
the company’s ability to continue as a going concern and, 
therefore to continue realising its assets and discharging 
its liabilities in the normal course of business. The financial 
statements do not include any adjustments that would 
result from the basis of preparation being inappropriate.

20

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

Annual Review

Strategic Report (continued)
Key objectives and performance

Objective

Key progress during the period

Successfully find a suitable partner(s) for 
and/or sufficient funding for the clinical 
development of Lupuzor™

•  In April 2022, ImmuPharma announced the successful completion of the 

Lupuzor™PK study.

•  In September 2022, FDA provided guidance on next steps for the clinical 

program. This included advice on the dosing regime. In addition, the FDA 
also provided further significant guidance on the study protocol to improve 
the regulatory outcome.

Develop potential product portfolio

•  Collaboration with CNRS, new broad agreement is under way to explore P140 

platform opportunities created by Professor Sylviane Muller.

•  Collaboration with Imperial College London on innovative peptide assets.

Maintain strong cash position

•  Consolidated cash balance at 31 December 2022 was £0.7 million. 

•  Shares subscriptions and placement of £2.0 million (gross), inclusive of 

“Lanstead Sharing Agreement” of £1m over 24 months. 

•  Continued tight financial control to ensure effective overall expenditure. 

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

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Strategic Report (continued)
Directors’ duties in relation to s172 Companies Act 2006

The directors consider that they have acted in the way 
they believe, in good faith, to promote the success of the 
Company for the benefit of its members as a whole and, in 
doing so, have regard (amongst other matters) to: 

•  the likely consequences of any decisions in the 

long-term,

•  the interests of the Company’s employees,

•  the need to foster the Company’s business 

relationships with suppliers, customers and others,

•  the impact of the Company’s operations on the 

community and environment,

•  the desirability of the Company maintaining a 

reputation for high standards of business conduct, and 

•  the need to act fairly between the shareholders of the 

Company.

Long term value
The aim of all business resources allocation is to 
create a long-term value, being a development and 
commercialisation of novel drugs. For further details, 
please see pages 11-15.

Our people
Being a small group with only on average 13 employees, 
there is a high level of visibility between Board and 
employees. For further details, please see page 23-24.

Business relationships
The Board is aware of the importance of maintaining good 
relationships with its key suppliers whilst safeguarding its 
resources. For further details, please see pages 32-33 for 
stakeholder engagement.

Community and environment
The Board seeks to support as many interactions with 
the research and development community as possible 
through regular meetings and continuous collaborations. 
For further details, please see pages 32-33 for stakeholder 
engagement.

Business Conduct
The Board seeks to maintain a reputation for high 
standards of business conduct. For further details, please 
see pages 26-30 for corporate governance.

Shareholders
Shareholder communication is conducted regularly via 
press releases, Proactive Investor platform, annual and 
interim reports, AGM. For further details, please see 
pages 32-33 for stakeholder engagement.

Principal Risks and Uncertainties
ImmuPharma operates within a complex business 
environment and an industry that is fundamentally driven 
by regulatory processes. A robust understanding of the 
risks and uncertainties involved in a pharmaceutical drug 
development business is fundamental to ImmuPharma’s 
success. The Board regularly considers these principal risks 
and uncertainties and reviews its strategies for minimising 
any adverse impact to the Company or its investors.

The principal risks and uncertainties have been grouped 
into three categories: pharmaceutical environment, 
financial and operational. The table below does not 
illustrate the list of all risks faced by ImmuPharma.

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Annual Review

Strategic Report (continued)
Principal Risks and Uncertainties (continued)

Pharmaceutical Environment Risks

Drug Development 

Mitigating factors

Change in year

If the clinical trials of any of ImmuPharma’s drug candidates 
fail, that drug candidate will not be marketed, which would 
result in a complete absence of revenue from the failed 
product. The drug development process and achievement of 
regulatory approvals is complex and uncertain. Because of the 
cost and duration of clinical trials, the directors may decide to 
discontinue development of drug candidates that are either 
unlikely to show good results in the trials or unlikely to help 
advance a product to the point of a meaningful collaboration. 
Positive results from pre-clinical studies and early clinical trials 
do not ensure positive results in clinical trials designed to 
permit application for regulatory approval.

ImmuPharma’s management team 
have many years of experience in 
drug development and a robust 
understanding of the clinical trial 
design process. This experience 
should help ensure that such 
risks are minimised. In addition, 
ImmuPharma has established 
scientific advisors and an advisory 
board in the case of LupuzorTM, 
P140 for lupus and CIDP and 
BioAMB for systemic aspergillosis.

Failure to Protect Products

Mitigating factors

Change in year

Since its inception, ImmuPharma 
has developed a significant patent 
portfolio. By utilising reputable 
external advisers, the Company 
mitigates the risk of patent 
infringement. 

The commercial success of ImmuPharma depends upon its 
ability to obtain patent protection for its products globally. 
No assurance is given that ImmuPharma will develop products 
that are patentable, or that patents will be sufficiently broad 
in their scope to provide protection for ImmuPharma’s 
intellectual property rights and exclude competitors with 
similar technology. Competitors may obtain patents that may 
relate to products competitive with those of ImmuPharma. 
If this is the case then ImmuPharma may have to obtain 
appropriate licences under these patents or cease and/or alter 
certain activities or processes, or develop or obtain alternative 
technology. There can be no assurance that, if any licences are 
required, ImmuPharma will be able to obtain any of them on 
commercially favourable terms, if at all. 

Regulatory Framework

Mitigating factors

Change in year

Changes in government regulations or enforcement policies 
could impose more stringent requirements on ImmuPharma, 
compliance with which could adversely affect its business. 
Failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements 
could result in enforcement action, including withdrawal of 
marketing authorisation, injunction, seizure of products and 
liability for civil and/or criminal penalties. 

It is essential that ImmuPharma 
complies with all regulatory 
requirements and it continually 
monitors regulatory developments 
to ensure that any issues are 
factored into decision making 
and projected timelines. External 
advice is sought after for new 
legislation or where resources are 
not available internally.

Environmental Hazards

Mitigating factors

Change in year

ImmuPharma and its third party contractors are subject to laws, 
regulations and policies relating to environmental protection, 
disposal of hazardous or potentially hazardous substances, 
healthy and safe working conditions, manufacturing practices 
and fire hazard control. There can be no assurance that 
ImmuPharma or its collaborators will not be required to 
incur significant costs to comply with future laws, regulations 
and policies relating to these or similar matters. The risk of 
accidental contamination or injury from certain materials 
cannot be eliminated. In the event of such an accident, 
ImmuPharma could be held liable for any damage that results 
and any such liability could exceed its resources. 

ImmuPharma works with reputable 
third party organisations that 
provide assurance regarding their 
working practices and conditions. 
In addition, the Group maintains 
corporate insurance to mitigate 
this risk.

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Annual Review

Strategic Report (continued)
Principal Risks and Uncertainties (continued)

Financial Risks

Availibility of Finance

As ImmuPharma is not yet at the stage of generating profit, it 
relies on external funding to develop its programs. It could be 
several years, if ever, before ImmuPharma receives royalties from 
any future licence agreements or revenues directly from product 
sales. If ImmuPharma fails to obtain additional financing, it may 
be unable to complete the development and commercialisation 
of its drug candidates or continue its research and development 
programmes. 

Mitigating factors

Change in year

The Board remains focused 
on ensuring it has sufficient 
capital funds to progress its 
product portfolio. In August 
2022 ImmuPharma secured 
the fundraising of £2.04m 
(before expenses). It also 
has a good oversight on all 
major cash expenditures, 
including budgeting, internal 
cash forecasting and quarterly 
reporting. 

Operational Risks

Reliance on Third Parties

Mitigating factors

Change in year

ImmuPharma relies heavily upon other parties (including CROs) 
for many key stages of its drug development programmes, 
including execution of some pre-clinical studies and later-stage 
development for its compounds and drug candidates, 
management of its clinical trials, management of its regulatory 
function, and manufacturing, sales, marketing and distribution 
of its drug candidates. Underperformance by any of these other 
parties could adversely impact the Company’s ability to operate 
effectively.

During 2022, respectable CROs 
have been engaged for three of 
the main Company’s programs. 
Their performance was monitored 
closely by weekly updates on 
progress status.

Reliance on Key Personnel

Mitigating factors

Change in year

ImmuPharma is dependent on the principal members of its 
management and scientific staff. Recruiting and retaining 
qualified personnel, consultants and advisers will be important 
to its success. There can be no assurance that ImmuPharma 
will be able to recruit the new staff or retain its personnel on 
acceptable terms given the competition for such personnel 
from competing businesses. The loss of service of any of 
ImmuPharma’s personnel could impede the achievement of its 
objectives. 

The Board actively considers 
succession planning for its 
key roles. 

The Company offers share 
option scheme to its employees 
alongside with training and 
development opportunities. 
The Group’s virtual organisation 
structure has also made 
an attractive employment 
proposition.

Competition

Mitigating factors

Change in year

ImmuPharma’s competitors include amongst others, major 
pharmaceutical, biotechnology and healthcare companies with 
substantially greater resources than those of the Group. There 
is no assurance that competitors will not succeed in developing 
products that are more effective or economical than those 
being developed by ImmuPharma.

Furthermore, there is no guarantee that the drug candidates 
being developed by ImmuPharma have either a better safety 
profile, dosing profile and/or efficacy profile than products that 
are already marketed by its competitors and this may adversely 
affect the sales of any new products. 

The Group remains aware of the 
continually evolving competitive 
landscape of the therapeutic areas 
in which it operates. It’s expected 
that the level of competitive risk 
will continue to be significant. 
This awareness is factored into its 
decision making for its pipeline 
programs.

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Annual Review

Strategic Report (continued)
Principal Risks and Uncertainties (continued)

Covid-19

Mitigating factors

Change in year

Delays in the timing of any action by the regulators: MHRA, 
FDA, including the delays of its review process.

Delays or difficulties in enrolling patients in our clinical trials.

The Group actively assesses 
its contingency planning for 
the delays of regulatory review 
process. The group keeps a close 
dialogue with regulators, so it 
can have an early visibility of any 
potential delays. 

The Group proactively seek to 
address this issue by ensuring the 
careful selection of CROs. The 
CROs chosen are appropriately 
selected in terms of reputation, 
level of expertise complexity of 
the study and ability for regular 
operational monitoring and 
updates. The CROs management 
of potential pandemic disruption 
(i.e. remote monitoring, video 
consultations etc.) is also a factor 
in determining the final choice.

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

25

 
 
 
 
Annual Review

Strategic Report (continued)
Forward-Looking Statements 

This document contains certain statements that are not 
historical facts and may be forward-looking statements 
that are subject to a variety of risks and uncertainties. 
There are a number of important factors that could cause 
actual results to differ materially from those projected or 
suggested in any forward-looking statement made herein. 

These factors include, but are not limited to: 
(i) ImmuPharma’s and/or ImmuPharma’s partners’ 
ability to successfully complete product research 
and development, including pre-clinical and clinical 
studies and commercialisation; (ii) ImmuPharma’s 
and/or ImmuPharma’s partners’ ability to obtain 
required governmental approvals, including product 
and patent approvals, the impact of pharmaceutical 
industry regulation, the difficulty of predicting FDA and 
other regulatory authority approvals, the regulatory 
environment and changes in the health policies and 
structure of various countries; (iii) the acceptance and 
demand for new pharmaceutical products and new 
discovery-enabling technologies such as the use of cells 
and (iv) ImmuPharma’s ability to attract and/or maintain 
manufacturing, sales, distribution and marketing partners; 
and (v) ImmuPharma’s and/or ImmuPharma’s partners’ 
ability to develop and commercialise products before its 
competitors and the impact of competitive products and 
pricing, the availability and pricing of ingredients used 
in the manufacture of products, uncertainties regarding 
market acceptance of innovative products newly launched, 
currently being sold or in development. In addition, 
significant fluctuations in financial results may occur as a 
result of the timing of milestone payments and the timing 
of costs and expenses related to ImmuPharma’s research 
and development programme. 

Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, no 
assurance is given as to when ImmuPharma’s products 
will be launched or licensed, or whether that launch or 
licensing will be commercially successful, and words 
such as “may”, “will”, “to”, “expect”, “plan”, “believe”, 
“anticipate”, “intend”, “could”, “would”, “estimate” or 
“continue” or the negative or other variations thereof 
or comparable terminology is intended to identify 
forward-looking statements. 

If one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialises, 
or if underlying assumptions prove incorrect, the 
Group’s actual results may vary materially from those 
expected, estimated or projected. Given these risks and 
uncertainties, potential investors should not place any 
reliance on forward-looking statements. 

Neither the directors nor the Company undertake any 
obligation to update forward-looking statements or risk 
factors other than as required by AIM or by applicable law, 
whether as a result of new information, future events or 
otherwise. 

Tim McCarthy
Signed on behalf of the Board of ImmuPharma Plc
10th May 2023

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ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

Board of Directors

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

27

Lisa Baderoon
Non-Executive Director and Head of Investor Relations

Lisa joined the Board in July 2021. She has spent over 
25 years working within the City of London being involved 
with a diverse portfolio of clients from a variety of sectors 
but with a leaning towards emerging, high growth 
businesses advising both private and public companies 
on their financial and corporate strategies aligned to 
stakeholder and investor interests, as well as a strong 
acumen in media communication. During this time, she has 
been involved in a multitude of client transactions spanning 
private fund raisings, Initial Public Offerings (IPOs), 
secondary high profile capital raisings and mergers and 
acquisitions both in the UK and internationally.

Annual Review

Board of Directors

Tim McCarthy, FCCA, MBA
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Tim was appointed as CEO in July 2021. He has over 
40 years’ international experience in high growth biotech, 
healthcare and technology companies. He is also Chairman 
of Incanthera plc and 4basebio plc. Mr McCarthy has 
previously been Chief Executive Officer and Finance 
Director of a number of UK listed public and private 
companies, including Alizyme plc and Peptide Therapeutics 
Group plc, and has a core understanding of AIM and its 
regulatory processes. Co-founding a number of healthcare 
and biotechnology companies, Mr McCarthy has raised 
substantial amounts of equity capital and also advised and 
worked at Board level for a diverse range of companies 
internationally, in areas such as business strategy, mergers & 
acquisitions, due diligence and licensing.

Dr Tim Franklin, PhD, MBA
Chief Operating Officer

Tim joined the Board in July 2021. He has 30 years’ 
experience in the biopharmaceutical industry. He worked in 
clinical research, sales and marketing, and global strategic 
marketing for Warner Lambert, Wellcome and SmithKline 
Beecham. He later moved to the capital markets where he 
became a top-ranked pharmaceuticals analyst at Dresdner 
Kleinwort investment bank. He applied his experience to 
stock selection in hedge funds and advised several small 
biotechnology companies on corporate and commercial 
strategy and access to capital. He holds a BSc in Medicinal 
Chemistry and a PhD in Pharmacology from Loughborough 
University and an MBA from Warwick Business School.

Dr Sanjeev Pandya, MBA
Senior Non-Executive Director

Sanjeev joined the Board in July 2021. He has over 25 years 
of healthcare and international management experience. 
He was formerly CEO of Advanced Oncotherapy Plc, a 
specialist cancer radiotherapy business listed on AIM. 
During his leadership, he raised over $100m and developed 
and secured partnerships in the USA, EU, China, Singapore, 
India, Australia, Asia and South America. Formerly, he had 
a number of leadership roles in several global clinical trials 
at Pfizer and was head of Europe Regulatory and Medical 
at Reckitt Benckiser. Sanjeev trained and worked as an 
orthopedic surgeon in the NHS and various Third World 
countries. He has a medical degree from Trinity College, 
Cambridge and an MBA from INSEAD.

28

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

Board of Directors (continued)

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

29

Annual Review

Board of Directors (continued)

Company Secretary

Ewa Flynn, FCCA 
Chief Financial Officer

Ewa held several lead financial positions in various listed 
and private companies, including online retailers, notably 
within the Amazon Group. Ewa has been an ACCA qualified 
Chartered Accountant since 2015 and holds an M.A. in 
International Relations from Jagiellonian University in 
Kracow. Ewa stepped down from her role in October 2022. 

Ward Williams Limited (“Ward Williams”)
Chief Financial Officer

On 7 October 2022 ImmuPharma appointed Ward Williams 
as a Company Secretary. Ward Williams is a accountancy 
practice who have been servicing the accounting services 
of ImmuPharma for a number of years. Their team consists 
of Chartered Accountants, all of whom have experience 
dealing with quoted and private companies operating in a 
variety of sectors and jurisdictions. 

30

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

Scientific Collaborators

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

31

Annual Review

Scientific Collaborators

Prof Sylviane Muller, Phd
Co-founder of ImmuPharma France SA

Professor Muller is Professor at the Institute of Advanced 
Studies of the Strasbourg University where she holds the 
chair in Therapeutic immunology; Emeritus Research 
Director at the CNRS; former Director of the CNRS Unit 
Immunopathology and therapeutic chemistry (2001-2017) 
and former Director of the CNRS Institute of Molecular and 
Cellular Biology (2016-2017). She is the current Director of 
the Drug discovery Center for cancer and inflammation 
Medalis awarded 'Laboratory of Excellence’ (2011-2020; 
with 200 persons) and future Director of the Strasbourg 
Institute for drug development and discovery (2021-2028; 
250 persons). She received several awards (CNRS Silver 
Medal, CNRS Innovation Award, Léon Velluz Prize from 
the French Academy of Sciences, finalist of the 2017 
European Inventor Award). In 2020, she became an elected 
member of the European Academy of Sciences. Most 
recently, in September 2021 she was awarded the highly 
prestigious Legion d’honneur Award. Her expertise in 
peptide immunochemistry, combined with insights into 
the molecular and cellular pathways behind autoimmune 
disease, led to the discovery of Lupuzor™.  Professor 
Muller has filed over 30 patents and published more than 
385 papers and reviews.

32

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

Financial and Corporate Information

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

33

Financial and Corporate Information

Officers and Professional Advisers

Directors
Mr Tim McCarthy – Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Dr Tim Franklin – Chief Operating Officer
Dr Sanjeev Pandya – Senior Non-Executive Director
Lisa Baderoon – Head of Investor Relations and 
Non-Executive Director

Secretary
Ward Williams Limited 

Investor Relations
Lisa Baderoon

Registered Office
One Bartholomew Close 
London EC1A 7BL 

Nominated Adviser
SPARK Advisory Partners Limited
5 St John’s Lane 
London  EC1M 4BH

Joint Broker
Stanford Capital Partners Limited
5-7 Cranwood Street 
London EC1V 9EE

Joint Broker
SI Capital
46 Bridge Street
Godalming
Surrey GU7 1HL

Auditors
CLA Evelyn Partners Limited
Chartered Accountants
45 Gresham St
London  EC2V 7BG

Solicitors
BDB Pitmans
One Bartholomew Close
London EC1A 7BL

Principal Bankers
Royal Bank of Scotland plc
62/63 Threadneedle Street
London  EC2R 8LA

Registrars
Computershare Investor Services Plc
PO Box 82,
The Pavilions
Bridgwater Road, 
Bristol BS99 7NH

34

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

Financial and Corporate Information

Corporate Governance Report

The Group’s directors recognise the importance of sound 
corporate governance. As such the Board has adopted the 
Quoted Companies Alliance Corporate Governance Code 
(“the QCA Code”).

Tim McCarthy, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, has 
assumed responsibility for ensuring that the Group has 
appropriate corporate governance standards and that 
these standards are applied throughout the Group.

The Board, through its adoption of the QCA Code, believes 
in the value of putting the necessary systems and processes 
in place to support the medium to long-term delivery of the 
Company’s strategic objectives. The Board is aware of the 
importance of communicating these strategic objectives 
to stakeholders and in reporting performance in a manner 
that encourages constructive dialogue to support the 
production of sustainable value in the long term. The Board 
recognise their role in setting the strategic direction of 
the business as well as in establishing the organisation’s 
risk appetite. This is supported with a strong belief in 
appropriate accountability and performance measures. 
Further, the Board is cognisant of the key role it plays in 
setting the tone and culture of the entire Group.

The Board currently consists of 4 directors, 2 of which are 
executive and 2 are non-executive.

The Board has considered each of the 10 principles 
contained within the QCA Code and where the Group 
does not fully comply with each principle an explanation is 
provided as to why it does not currently do so.

In addition, the Company has implemented a code of 
conduct for dealing in the shares of the Company by 
directors and employees (see Principle 9, pages 29-30 for 
more information).

Principle 1 – Establish a strategy and 
business model which promote long-term 
value for shareholders
ImmuPharma is an ethical organisation with the vision to 
develop novel drugs to treat serious medical conditions, 
delivering value to patients, medical professionals, 
healthcare payers and its shareholders.

ImmuPharma’s principal business objective is to 
enhance shareholder value through the development 
and commercialisation of novel drugs. Its strategies for 
achieving this objective include:

•  Pursuing a low-cost model of accessing world class 

research through collaboration with the CNRS 
in France;

•  Selecting specialist therapeutic areas where there are 

high unmet needs;

•  Managing clinical development of novel drug candidates;

•  Seeking collaborative agreements with partner 
companies to further the development and 
commercialisation of novel drug candidates; and

•  Maintaining a small corporate infrastructure to 

minimise costs.

Key activities and discussions in 2022, in relation to 
strategy and performance were revolving around product 
pipeline (see Strategic Report on pages 11-15 for more 
information), Lupuzor regulatory progress, including the 
PK study (see Chairman’s report on pages 2-3 for further 
details) and capital subscriptions (see Chairman’s report 
on page 5 for more information).

Principle 2 – Seek to understand and meet 
shareholder needs and expectations
ImmuPharma strives to engage in active dialogue with 
shareholders through regular communication including 
investor events, participation in conferences, the 
Company’s Annual General Meeting, any meetings that 
are held throughout the year and one-on-one discussions.

Over the past 12 months, ImmuPharma’s shareholder 
communications have included participation at investor 
events, regular announcements regarding the Company’s 
clinical trial progress, the Annual General Meeting and 
numerous one-on-one meetings and interviews. These 
meetings seek to foster a mutual understanding of 
both the Company’s and shareholders’ objectives. Such 
meetings are conducted in a format to protect price 
sensitive information that has not already been made 
generally available to all the Company’s shareholders. 

Similar guidelines also apply to other communications 
between the Company and other parties, such as financial 
analysts, brokers and the media.

In addition, the Board is provided with market summary 
reports which detail share price and share register 
movements. 

All members of the Board are scheduled to attend 
the Annual General Meeting. Notice of the Meeting 
is dispatched to shareholders at least 21 working days 
before the Meeting. The information sent to shareholders 
includes a summary of the business to be covered, with 
a separate resolution prepared for each substantive 
matter. When a vote is taken on a show of hands, the 
level of proxies received for and against the resolution 
and any abstentions are disclosed at the Meeting. The 
results of votes lodged for and against each resolution are 
announced to the London Stock Exchange and displayed 
on the Company’s website. At the Meeting there will be 
an opportunity, following the formal business, for informal 
communications between shareholders and directors.

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

35

Financial and Corporate Information

Corporate Governance Report (continued)

Principle 3 – Take into account wider 
stakeholder and social responsibilities and 
their implications for long-term success
The Board recognises the importance of its wider 
stakeholders – employees, contractors, suppliers, 
regulators and advisors – to its long-term success. The 
Board has established expectations that these key 
resources and relationships are valued and monitored.  In 
particular, the Company’s business model of outsourcing 
clinical trials requires reliable dialogue with contractors 
to ensure the success pursuit of long-term strategic 
objectives.  Furthermore, the Board actively seek to 
engage regularly with our corporate advisers to ensure 
proactive communication regarding the Company’s 
activities. In doing so, the Company is able to take any 
feedback into account and adjust its actions accordingly to 
ensure it stays focused on long-term performance.

The Board recognises that the Company operates within 
the wider pharmaceutical industry and strives to remain 
alert to developments in a wider industry/society context. 
See stakeholder engagement within Directors Report for 
further details on the pages 32-33.

Principle 4 – Embed effective risk 
management, considering both opportunities 
and threats, throughout the organisation
ImmuPharma operates within a complex business 
environment and an industry that is fundamentally 
driven by regulatory processes. The Board has set out its 
understanding of the principal risks and uncertainties in 
its Strategic Report and regularly reviews its strategies 
for minimising any adverse impact to the Company or 
its investors. 

Risk assessment is a priority for the Board. The major risks 
to the business are laid out in detail in the Company’s 
Strategic Report on pages 17-21. They concern mainly 
the control and timely progress of clinical trials and 
the obtaining of regulatory approval and profitable 
agreements with other parties, with adequate financial 
resources to achieve these objectives. 

Where a material new risk or opportunity is identified, or 
an existing risk escalates, the Board will communicate and 
meet outside of the regular Board meetings to ensure the 
required actions are taken and are effective.

Principle 5 – Maintain the board as a 
well-functioning, balanced team led by 
the Chairman
The Board members have a collective responsibility and 
legal obligation to promote the interests of the company.

In the table below, details of the Board of Directors are 
summarised:

Name
Tim McCarthy Chief 

Title

Independent

Committee 
Memberships
Audit

Executive 
Officer and 
Chairman

Chief 
Operational 
Officer

Tim Franklin

Sanjeev Pandya Senior 

Non-
Executive 
Director
Lisa Baderoon    Head of 
Investor 
Relations 
and Non-
Executive 
Director

Audit

X

X

Audit, 
Remuneration

Audit, 
Remuneration

Brief biographies of each Director are set out on page 23. 
The Company believes that the skills and experience 
of each Director are of the appropriate mix to provide 
effective governance and management of the business. 
The Board was supported in its governance and finance 
responsibilities by Ward Williams Limited, acting as Chief 
Financial Officer (not a Director) and Company Secretary, 
appointed as a Company Secretary in October 2022.

Following major changes in the Board structure in 2021, 
Tim McCarthy was appointed as CEO, while maintaining 
the position of Chairman. The Company has initiated 
the process to identify a suitable person to take over as 
Non-Executive Chair of the Company and during this 
interim period Tim will continue as Chairman.

The Company also appointed its non-executive 
directors, taken into consideration their independency 
and shareholders’ interest. The appointed independent 
directors have considerable relevant experience to 
sufficiently question and hold the executive directors 
to account. 

Each Director is required to devote as much time as 
required to carry out the roles and responsibilities 
required.

36

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

Financial and Corporate Information

Corporate Governance Report (continued)

The Company has adopted the practice of requiring all 
directors to be subject to re-election every three years.

The executive directors are employed under service 
agreements requiring 12 months’ notice by either 
party. Non-executive directors receive payments under 
appointment letters, which are terminable by three 
months’ notice by either party.

The Board meets regularly throughout the year with 
all decisions concerning the direction and control of 
the business made by a quorum of the Board. As of 
31 December 2022, the Board met 12 times with the 
attendance records of the directors as follows:

Tim McCarthy, Chief Executive Officer and 
Chairman – 12/12
Tim Franklin, Chief Operational Officer – 12/12
Sanjeev Pandya, Senior Non-Executive Director – 12/12
Lisa Baderoon, Head of Investor Relations and 
Non-Executive Director – 12/12

Principle 6 – Ensure that between them the 
directors have the necessary up-to-date 
experience, skills and capabilities
The Board has extensive mixture of skills and experience, 
which enable the delivery of Group’s strategy for the 
shareholders over the medium to long-term. These include 
scientific expertise, public market requirements, business 
acumen and financial knowledge. Please refer to Director 
biographies on page 23.

Principle 7 – Evaluate board performance 
based on clear and relevant objectives, 
seeking continuous improvement
Internal evaluation of the Board, the Audit Committee and 
Remuneration Committee as well as individual directors 
is undertaken on an informal basis at present. The review 
takes the form of peer appraisal and discussions to 
determine the overall effectiveness of individual directors 
and the Board as a whole. Specific consideration will be 
given to evaluating the continued independence of the 
Group’s non-executive directors. Senior management 
appointments are discussed at the Board Meetings 
and are managed by the Chief Executive Officer and 
Chief Operational Officer with additional support from 
Non-Executive Directors where appropriate.

Principle 8 – Promote a corporate 
culture that is based on ethical values 
and behaviours
The Board recognises its role in establishing and monitoring 
not only the strategic direction and risk appetite but also the 
tone and culture of the organisation. As a pharmaceutical 
drug development company, an ethical approach is essential. 
As such, the Board places great importance on the serious 
pursuit of therapeutic innovation and making effective use 
of limited resources. It applies to the directors as well as all 
group employees and consultants. It is a key belief of the 
Company and helps to define its competitive advantage in 
relation to its peers.

Upon joining the Company, employees have an induction 
meeting in relation to the Company’s code of conduct 
and ethics. This includes example behaviours that are 
considered unacceptable by the Group.  

Principle 9 – Maintain governance structures 
and processes that are fit for purpose and 
support good decision-making by the Board
The Board is responsible for long-term success of the 
Company. There is a schedule of matters reserved for the 
Board that guides the Board’s activities.

An Audit Committee and a Remuneration Committee 
have been established with formally delegated duties 
and responsibilities. As summarised under Principle 5 
on page 28, the members of both committees are the 
Non-Executive Directors.

Audit Committee
The Audit Committee, which determines the engagement 
of the Company’s auditors and, in consultation with them, 
the scope of their audit. The Audit Committee meets a 
minimum of two times per year. The Audit Committee 
receives and reviews reports from management and 
the auditors relating to the interim and annual financial 
statements and the accounting and internal control 
systems in use by the Company. It has unrestricted access 
to the auditors.  

The Board and the Audit Committee review the need for 
an internal audit function on an annual basis and currently 
do not consider it necessary at this stage in the Company’s 
development.

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

37

Financial and Corporate Information

Corporate Governance Report (continued)

The directors acknowledge their responsibilities for the 
Group’s system of internal financial controls. They have 
during the year ended 31 December 2022, carried out a 
review of internal financial controls, strengthening and 
updating the Company and its subsidiaries internal control 
policies. The Group’s financial reporting arrangements 
are designed to provide the directors with reasonable 
assurance that problems are identified on a timely basis 
and dealt with appropriately. 

In 2022 the Audit Committee has deliberated two times. At 
these meetings the main point of discussion were annual 
and interim financial statements and working capital, the 
presentation of the annual report, audit report from CLA 
Evelyn Partners Limited, the audit fees and audit plan, 
updates on cash position, financial instruments and overall 
function of the committee and its members.

Remuneration Committee
The Remuneration Committee reviews the scale and structure 
of the executive directors’ remuneration and benefits and the 
terms of their service contracts. The remuneration of the non-
executive directors is determined by the Board as a whole.  

The Committee has formal terms of reference and meets 
at least twice a year. It is the duty of the Committee, inter 
alia, to determine and agree with the Board the framework 
or broad policy for the remuneration of the Company’s 
executive Board members. The remuneration packages are 
designed to motivate and retain executive directors to ensure 
the continuing development of the Company and to reward 
them for enhancing value to shareholders.

In 2022 the Remuneration Committee met two times. 
Amongst others items, it dealt with the continued temporary 
voluntary reduction of the salaries and fees of the Board. 

Nominations Committee
The directors consider that the Company is not currently 
of a size to warrant the need for a separate nominations 
committee and any decisions which would usually be taken 
by the nomination committee will be taken by the Board 
as a whole. 

Share Dealing Code
The Company has adopted a Share Dealing Code given the 
importance of having a clear and effective policy that sets out 
the rules and procedures for share dealings by the directors 
and other applicable employees.  

Principle 10 – Communicate how the 
company is governed and is performing by 
maintaining a dialogue with shareholders and 
other relevant stakeholders
The Board is committed to maintaining good communication 
with its shareholders and in promoting effective dialogue 
regarding the Company’s strategic objectives and 
performance. Institutional shareholders and analysts have 
the opportunity to discuss issues and provide feedback via 
meetings with the Company. The Annual General Meeting 
and any other General Meetings that are held throughout the 
year are for shareholders to attend and question the directors 
on the Company’s performance. The results of any general 
meetings are released through LSE AIM RNS news as soon 
as practically possible. The Annual Reports and notice of all 
general meetings are available on the Group’s website.

The directors also periodically promote ImmuPharma’s 
activities, following the publication of regulatory 
announcements, through various media platforms such as 
Proactive Investor, Investor Meets Company.

38

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

Financial and Corporate Information

Directors’ Report

Company Number:  03929567
The directors present their report and the audited financial statements of ImmuPharma plc (the “Company”, and 
collectively with the subsidiary companies, the “Group”) for the year ended 31 December 2022. 

Principal Activities
The principal activity of the Group and Company in the year under review was that of pharmaceutical research 
and development.

Results and Dividends  
The Consolidated Income Statement is set out on page 42.

The directors do not recommend the payment of a dividend.

Business Review, Research and Development and Future Developments
The Strategic Report includes a review of the business, as well as a commentary regarding research and development, 
and future developments. The principal risks and uncertainties facing the Group are considered on pages 17 to 21.  

Subsequent Events
There were no subsequent events.

Directors
The following directors of the Company have held office since 1 January 2022:

Tim McCarthy
Tim Franklin 
Sanjeev Pandya 
Lisa Baderoon 

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

39

Financial and Corporate Information

Directors’ Report (continued)

Stakeholder engagement
The Board seeks to understand and consider the views of the Group’s key stakeholders in Board discussions and decision 
making.

Key Stakeholders and concerns

Board Considerations

Key Outcomes

Employees  

Our present and future employees 
are key for the future success of the 
business.

Executive directors update the 
Board with details of employee 
changes, concerns, and recruitment 
prospects. An open, collaborative 
working environment with attractive 
remuneration packages aligns 
employees’ with shareholders’ goals.

Shareholders

Our Shareholders have been 
highly supportive. We are actively 
encouraging retention of their 
investment whilst trying to secure new 
Shareholders and funding.

The Board is in regular communication 
with its Shareholders via press 
releases, Annual and Interim Report, 
AGM. The Board receives updates 
on the views of shareholders through 
the feedbacks from brokers, other 
advisors. 

Business Partners

We have worked closely with our 
suppliers to set up new commercial 
and development agreements.

Research and Development 
Community

The collaboration with the CNRS, 
University of Bordeaux, Simbec Orion, 
Imperial College and others is at the 
heart of our business

The Board is aware of the importance 
of maintaining good relationships 
with key suppliers, remaining 
trustworthy, while safeguarding the 
Group’s assets. It receives regular 
updates on main supply agreements 
and maintain long-term mutually 
beneficial co- operations.

The Board seeks to support as 
many interactions with research and 
development community as possible 
through regular meetings (remote 
and in person) and continuous 
collaborations. 

Environment

The Group is conscious of the need 
to protect the environment 

ImmuPharma’s operations are 
relatively low in their impact on the 
environment. The Board is committed 
to reduce further the environmental 
footprint.

40

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

•  Continuing to focus on open 

culture creation, which motivates 
all employees.

•  All our employees participate in 

share-based incentives.

•  Training and development 

opportunities.

The Company meets (virtually 
or in person) periodically with its 
Shareholders. Summary of these 
events are below:

•  AGM, June 2022 (AGM conducted 

via live broadcast with Q&A 
embedded into “Investor Meets 
Company” platform).

•  Investor conferences; -EBD 

Biotech Showcase, San Francisco 
USA, January 2022

•  Interviews: audio, print and TV 

with Proactive Investor (December 
2022), and “Investor Meet 
Company”.

New supplier agreements with 
material threshold need to be 
approved by the Board. Payment to 
suppliers of over £10k need to be 
approved by two Directors.

The Board supported the research 
and development community in 
France and United Kingdom. In 2021 
the Company made donations to 
CNRS to support its P140 platform. 
Most notably, in November 2021 
ImmuPharma signed a 2-year 
collaboration agreement with 
Imperial College.

Employees have continued to keep  
domestic and international travel to 
a minimum, using digital technology 
enabled conferencing instead.

Financial and Corporate Information

Directors’ Report (continued)

Key Stakeholders and concerns

Board Considerations

Reputation

Maintaining a strong reputation and 
acting within laws and regulations 
impacts the Group’s relationships with 
all stakeholders

Policies and procedures approved 
by the Board are concentrated on 
maintaining the strong reputation 
of the Group within its employees, 
Shareholders, suppliers, regulators 
and other key stakeholders.

Key Outcomes
ImmuPharma continuously monitors 
and assesses all regulatory 
developments to ensure that any 
issues are being addressed in 
decision making.

Directors Remuneration
The following amounts were payable to the directors of ImmuPharma plc across the Group in relation to the year ended 
31 December 2022:

Director

Robert Zimmer
Dimitri Dimitriou

Tim McCarthy
Tim Franklin
Franco di Muzio
Stephane Mery
Sanjeev Pandya
Lisa Baderoon

Total

Total 
remuneration 
2022 
£

Total 
remuneration 
2021 
£

Salary/Fees 
£

-
-

106,500
92,500
-
-
54,000
48,000

301,000

-
-

106,500
92,500
-
-
54,000
132,000

385,000

370,708
582,631

287,333
105,660
52,285
59,583
22,915
20,369

1,501,484

The executive directors Tim McCarthy and Tim Franklin waived a proportion of their salaries during the year equal to 
£188k and £160k respectively. 

The Company does not operate a health plan or company car plan. There were no bonus payments to directors in 2022. 
For further information, please refer to Note 22.

The following share options were outstanding to the directors of ImmuPharma plc as at 31 December 2022 (see note 20 
for more detail):

Options 
granted  
2 June  
2016 

Options 
granted 
30 March 
2017

Options 
granted 
12 July  
2017 

Options 
granted  
24 November 
2017

Options 
granted  
25 November 
2020

Options 
granted  
22 December 
2022 

Share 
options 
outstanding 
2022

Share 
options 
outstanding 
2021

Director

Tim McCarthy 500,000
-
Tim Franklin
Lisa Baderoon 100,000

-
-
250,000

1,000,000
-
-

1,500,000
-
375,000

1,500,000
1,500,000
375,000

3,600,000
3,150,000
-

8,100,000
4,650,000
1,100,000

4,500,000
1,500,000
1,100,000

Total

600,000

250,000

1,000,000

1,875,000

3,375,000

6,750,000

13,850,000

7,100,000

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

41

Financial and Corporate Information

Directors’ Report (continued)

Third Party Indemnity Provision for Directors
Qualifying third party indemnity provision for the benefit for the directors was in force during the financial year and as at 
the date this report is approved.

Financial Instruments and Financial Risk Management 
Information regarding the use of financial instruments and the approach to financial risk management is detailed in notes 
1 and 2 of the financial statements.

Disclosure of information to the Auditors
In the case of each person who was a director at the time this report was approved they have:

•  taken all the necessary steps to make themselves aware of any information relevant to the audit and to establish that 

the auditors are aware of that information; and 

•  so far as they are aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the auditors have not been made aware.

This confirmation is given and should be interpreted in accordance with the provisions of s418 of the Companies 
Act 2006.

Auditors
A resolution to reappoint the auditors, CLA Evelyn Partners Limited, will be proposed at the next Annual General Meeting.

On behalf of the Board 
Tim McCarthy 
Director 
10th May 2023

42

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

Financial and Corporate Information

Statement of Directors' Responsibilities

The directors are responsible for preparing the Strategic Report, the Directors' Report and the financial statements in 
accordance with applicable law and regulations.

Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the 
directors have elected to prepare the group and parent company financial statements in accordance with UK-adopted 
international accounting standards. Under company law, the directors must not approve the financial statements unless 
they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Company and of the Group and of the 
profit or loss of the Group for that period. In preparing these financial statements, the directors are required to:

•  select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;

•  make judgments and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent;

•  state that the financial statements comply with UK-adopted international accounting standards subject to any 

material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements; and

•  prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the company 

will continue in business.

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the 
Company's transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Company and 
the Group and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also 
responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and 
detection of fraud and other irregularities.

The directors are also responsible for ensuring that they meet their responsibilities under the AIM Rules.

The directors are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the corporate and financial information included on 
the Company’s website. Legislation in the United Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination of financial 
statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions.

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

43

Independent auditor’s report 
To the members of ImmuPharma plc
Opinion
We have audited the financial statements of ImmuPharma plc (the ‘parent company’) and its subsidiaries (the ‘group’) for 
the year ended 31 December 2022 which comprise the Consolidated Income Statement, the Consolidated Statement 
of Comprehensive Income, the Consolidated and Company Statements of Financial Position, the Consolidated and 
Company Statements of Changes in Equity, the Consolidated and Company Statements of Cash Flows, and the notes 
to the financial statements, including significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has been 
applied in their preparation is applicable law and UK-adopted international accounting standards.

In our opinion, the financial statements:

• give a true and fair view of the state of the group’s and of the parent company’s affairs as at 31 December 2022 and of

the group’s loss for the year then ended;

• have been properly prepared in accordance with UK-adopted international accounting standards; and

• have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.

Basis for opinion
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our 
responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial 
statements section of our report. We are independent of the group and parent company in accordance with the ethical 
requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard as 
applied to listed entities, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. 
We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. 

Emphasis of matter – Valuation of the parent company’s receivables and investments in subsidiaries
We draw attention to the disclosures made in note 13 to the financial statements concerning the carrying values of 
investments in subsidiaries and to the disclosures made in note 15 to the financial statements concerning the carrying 
value of the receivables due from group undertakings. 

The carrying value of £41.1 million investments in subsidiaries and £14.2 million receivables due from group undertakings 
is dependent on future pharmaceutical sales within the group, which are dependent on obtaining regulatory approval 
and being taken to market, including their successful commercialisation.

The ultimate outcome of these matters cannot presently be determined, and the group and parent company financial 
statements do not reflect any provision that may be required if the £41.1 million investments in subsidiaries and 
£14.2 million receivables due from group undertakings cannot be recovered in full. Our opinion is not modified in respect 
of these matters.

Our approach to the audit
The group has four reporting components. The parent company financial statements were audited by us.

Two out of the three components subject to audit were based in France and their audits were carried out by a 
component auditor in France. We held a telephone meeting with the component auditor in France as part of planning 
and discussed the component auditor’s risk assessments and directed their planned audit approach. In addition to this 
meeting, we sent detailed instructions to the component audit teams and reviewed their key audit working papers.

For the remaining component that was not subject to a full audit, we performed analysis at a group level to re-examine 
our assessment that there were no significant risks of material misstatement within it.

The three audited components covered 100% of group loss before tax and 100% of group net assets. 

Key audit matters
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit of the 
financial statements of the current period, and include the most significant assessed risks of material misstatement 
(whether or not due to fraud) we identified, including those which had the greatest effect on: the overall audit strategy; 
the allocation of resources in the audit; and directing the efforts of the engagement team. These matters were addressed 
in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not 
provide a separate opinion on these matters.

44

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

Independent auditor’s report 
To the members of ImmuPharma plc (continued)

Key audit matter

Description of risk

Carrying value of the parent 
company’s investment in subsidiaries 
and receivables due from group 
companies (note 13 and note 15)

The parent company has significant 
balances relating to investments in 
subsidiaries and receivables due from 
group companies.

The investments are largely 
represented by the ownership of 
ImmuPharma (France) SA and Ureka 
Pharma SAS and amounts owed by 
those companies. The carrying value 
of the investments in and receivables 
due from those companies is 
underpinned by the future financial 
viability of those companies, and 
therefore is a matter of significant 
judgment.

How the matter was addressed in 
the audit

We reviewed management’s assessment 
of impairment of investments in 
subsidiaries and the recoverability of 
receivables due from group companies. 
We challenged assumptions and 
assertions made by management in their 
assessment and considered whether the 
presence of impairment indicators should 
result in an impairment charge.

As part of our procedures we:

•  Discussed with management 
the underlying future planned 
activities, including research and 
development programmes, for 
ImmuPharma (France) SA and 
Ureka Pharma SAS.

•  Considered the implications of 

the level of market capitalisation 
of the parent company for the 
valuation of these balances.

•  Reviewed the discounted 

cash flow model for valuation 
purposes. The assumptions 
to which the model was most 
sensitive were the discount rate, 
growth rates, exchange rates, tax 
rate and probability weighting of 
successful product launches. As 
part of this work we considered 
management’s assumptions 
with reference to historical data, 
external data and third party 
reports where applicable.

•  Reviewed sensitivity analysis 

performed by management on 
key assumptions and performed 
further sensitivity analysis on these 
assumptions. 

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

45

Independent auditor’s report 
To the members of ImmuPharma plc (continued)

Key audit matter
Warrants issued by the parent 
company during the period (note 20)

Description of risk
During the year, the parent company 
issued a total of 33 million warrants 
to investors and service providers. 
Judgement must be exercised 
around the accounting entries 
for these warrants, as well as the 
value that these warrants should be 
recognised at. 

There is a risk that these warrants are 
not accounted for correctly or that 
the value recognised is materially 
incorrect.

How the matter was addressed in 
the audit
As part of our audit procedures, we:

• Reviewed management’s

assessment of the accounting
treatment for these warrants,
including review of the underlying
warrant agreements to consider
whether these should be equity or
liability accounted;

• Assessed the value attributed
to warrants issued, including
agreeing inputs to the valuations
to supporting documentation;
and

• Reviewed disclosures made in the

financial statements.

Our application of materiality
The materiality for the group financial statements as a whole (“group FS materiality”) was set at £316,000. This has 
been determined with reference to the benchmark of the group’s gross expenditure, which we consider to be one of 
the principal considerations for members of the company in assessing the group’s performance. Group FS materiality 
represents 10% of the group’s gross expenditure presented on the face of the consolidated income statement.

The materiality for the parent company financial statements as a whole (“parent FS materiality”) was set at £205,400. This 
has been determined with reference to the benchmark of the parent company’s total assets as it exists only as a holding 
company for the group and carries on no trade in its own right. This has been capped at group performance materiality. 

Performance materiality for the group financial statements was set at £205,400, being 65% of group FS materiality, for 
purposes of assessing the risks of material misstatement and determining the nature, timing and extent of further audit 
procedures. We have set it at this amount to reduce to an appropriately low level the probability that the aggregate of 
uncorrected and undetected misstatements exceeds group FS materiality. We judged this level to be appropriate based 
on our understanding of the group and its financial statements, as updated by our risk assessment procedures and our 
expectation regarding current period misstatements including considering experience from previous audits. It was set at 
65% to reflect the fact that in our historical experience management are keen to process adjustments, of which there are 
some, and there are some areas of judgement and estimation in the Group financial statements. 

Performance materiality for the parent company financial statements was set at £133,510, being 65% of parent FS 
materiality. It was set at 65% to reflect the fact that in our historical experience management are keen to process 
adjustments, of which there are some, and there are some areas of judgement and estimation in the parent company 
financial statements.

Material uncertainty related to going concern 
We draw attention to note 1 of the financial statements which indicates there is a material uncertainty relating to the 
group and parent company’s ability to continue as a going concern. 

The group and company do not generate any material revenues as its pipeline products are currently at research and 
development stage and therefore the group relies on external finance in order to fund its operations. The directors 
have prepared cashflow forecasts covering a period of more than 12 months from the date of approval of these financial 
statements. These forecasts indicate the group will have sufficient funds to meet its liabilities as they fall due.

However, these forecasts include a number of cash inflows to the company and group including the variable cash 
receipts under the Lanstead Sharing Agreement and expected receipts from licence and collaborations agreements, 
although no new equity fundraising has been assumed. Certain directors of the company continue to defer salaries 
and the forecasts assume that this will continue over the forecast period. Some of the cash inflows have a level of 
uncertainty in respect of timing of receipt and absolute quantum which have been modelled through sensitivity analysis. 

46

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

Independent auditor’s report 
To the members of ImmuPharma plc (continued)

These uncertainties are such that potential actions to further reduce the cost base of operations may not be sufficient 
to mitigate all reasonably possible downsides. As stated in note 1, these conditions indicate that a material uncertainty 
exists that may cast significant doubt on the group’s and the parent company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

Our opinion is not modified in respect of this matter. 

Notwithstanding the above, in auditing the financial statements we have concluded that the directors’ use of the going 
concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate.

Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant 
sections of this report.

Our evaluation of the directors’ assessment of the group and parent company’s ability to continue to adopt the going 
concern basis of accounting included:

•  Review of the future cash flow forecast prepared by management and challenging the inputs and assumptions 

included in the forecast. Where appropriate, we corroborated the inputs and assumptions to supporting information.

•  Review of the current cash reserves and comparing these to the cash outflows forecast required over the next 

12 months from the date of signing the annual report.

•  Review of sensitivity analysis to assess the impact of changing key assumptions and performing additional stress 

testing of the forecast.

•  Review of management’s disclosure around going concern in the financial statements.

Other information
The other information comprises the information included in the Report and Consolidated Financial Statements other 
than the financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon. The directors are responsible for the other information 
contained within the Report and Consolidated Financial Statements. Our opinion on the financial statements does not 
cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any 
form of assurance conclusion thereon. Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider 
whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the 
course of the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated.

If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether 
this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have 
performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report 
that fact. 

We have nothing to report in this regard. 

Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006
In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit:

•  the information given in the strategic report and the directors’ report for the financial year for which the financial 

statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and

•  the strategic report and the directors’ report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.

Matters on which we are required to report by exception
In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the group and the parent company and their environment obtained 
in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the strategic report or the directors’ report.

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

47

Independent auditor’s report 
To the members of ImmuPharma plc (continued)

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires us to 
report to you if, in our opinion:

•  adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate for our audit have not 

been received from branches not visited by us; or

•  the parent company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or

•  certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or

•  we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.

Responsibilities of directors
As explained more fully in the directors’ responsibilities statement set out on page 35, the directors are responsible for 
the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal 
control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from 
material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the group’s and the parent company’s 
ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going 
concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the group or the parent company or to cease 
operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so. 

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from 
material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. 
Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with 
ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are 
considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic 
decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.

The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud, is detailed below. 
Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. 

We design procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of 
irregularities, including fraud. 

We obtained a general understanding of the parent company and group’s legal and regulatory framework through 
enquiry of management concerning: their understanding of relevant laws and regulations; the policies and procedures 
regarding compliance; and how they identify, evaluate and account for litigation claims. We also drew on our existing 
understanding of the parent company and group’s industry and regulation and had a discussion at the planning stage 
with the component auditors.

We understand that the parent company and group comply with the framework through:

•  Outsourcing payroll and the accounting function to external experts.

•  Subscribing to relevant updates from external experts and making changes to internal procedures and controls as 

necessary.

•  Engaging tax experts. 

•  The directors’ close involvement in the day-to-day running of the business, meaning that any litigation or claims 

would come to their attention directly.

•  The directors’ relevant knowledge and expertise of the pharmaceutical industry, and related laws and regulations. 

48

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

Independent auditor’s report 
To the members of ImmuPharma plc (continued)

In the context of the audit, we considered those laws and regulations: which determine the form and content of the 
financial statements; which are central to the parent company and group’s ability to conduct its business; and where 
failure to comply could result in material penalties. We identified the following laws and regulations as being of 
significance in the context of the parent company and group: 

•  The Companies Act 2006 and UK-adopted international accounting standards in respect of the preparation and 

presentation of the financial statements; 

•  AIM regulations and Market Abuse Regulations;

•  Health and safety and associated environmental regulation in respect of pre-clinical trials; and 

•  FDA and EMA regulations in respect of clinical trials. 

We performed the following specific procedures to gain evidence about compliance with the significant laws and 
regulations identified above:

•  Made enquiries of management;

•  Inspected correspondence with regulators;

•  Reviewed board meeting minutes held during the year and post year-end; and

•  Obtained written management representations regarding the adequacy of procedures in place.

The senior statutory auditor led a discussion with senior members of the engagement team regarding the susceptibility 
of the parent company and group’s financial statements to material misstatement, including how fraud might occur. The 
key area identified in this discussion was with regard to the manipulation of the financial statements through manual 
journal entries.

These areas were communicated to the other members of the engagement team who were not present at  
the discussion.

The procedures we carried out to gain evidence in the above areas included testing of manual journal entries, 
selected based on specific risk assessments applied based on the group and parent company’s processes and controls 
surrounding manual journal entries.

A further description of our responsibilities is available on the FRC’s website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. 
This description forms part of our auditor’s report.

Use of our report 
This report is made solely to the parent company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the 
Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the parent company’s members 
those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent 
permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the parent company and the parent 
company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.

Stephen Hale  
Senior Statutory Auditor, for and on behalf of 
CLA Evelyn Partners Limited 
Statutory Auditor 
Chartered Accountants 

45 Gresham Street
London
EC2V 7BG

10 May 2023

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

49

Financial and Corporate Information

Consolidated Income Statement

for the year ended 31 December 2022

Continuing operations

Revenue

Research and development expenses

Exceptional items

Administrative expenses

Share based payment expense

Operating loss

Finance costs

Finance income

Loss before taxation

Tax

Loss for the year

Attributable to:

Equity holders of the parent company

Loss per ordinary share

Basic and diluted

Notes

1 & 3

5

5

6

7

8

9

Year  
ended
31 December 
2022
£

Year  
ended
31 December 
2021
£

-

(2,022,507)

-

(846,571)

(159,874)

118,350

(3,650,400)

(1,427,084)

(1,011,398)

(616,423)

(3,028,952)

(6,586,955)

(1,455,966)

(2,354,872)

28,585

1,107

(4,456,333)

648,902

(8,940,720)

766,815

(3,807,431)

(8,173,905)

(3,807,431)

(8,173,905)

(1.26)p

(3.25)p

50

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

Financial and Corporate Information

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income

for the year ended 31 December 2022

Loss for the financial period

Other comprehensive income

Year
ended  
31 December
2022
£

Year
ended  
31 December
2021
£

(3,807,431)

(8,173,905)

Notes

Items that will not be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss:

Fair value loss on investment

Fair value loss on warrants owned

12

12

(519,977)

(206,279)

(584,355)

(418,068)

Total items that will not be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss

(726,256)

(1,002,423)

Items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss:

Exchange differences on translation of foreign operations

Total items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss

Other comprehensive loss for the period

Total comprehensive loss for the period

79,104

79,104

(36,177)

(36,177)

(647,152)

(1,038,600)

(4,454,583)

(9,212,505)

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

51

Financial and Corporate Information

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position

as at 31 December 2022

Notes

31 December 
2022
£

31 December 
2021
£

Non-current assets

Intangible assets

Property, plant and equipment

Derivative financial asset

Financial assets

Total non-current assets

Current assets

Trade and other receivables

Derivative financial asset

Cash and cash equivalents

Current tax asset

Total current assets

Current liabilities

Financial liabilities - borrowings

Trade and other payables

Convertible loan notes

Total current liabilities

Net current assets

Net assets

EQUITY

Ordinary shares

Share premium

Merger reserve

Other reserves

Retained earnings

Total equity

10

11

14

12

15

14

16

17

18

17

19

473,892

389,716

82,563

689,579

1,635,750

723,583

252,258

667,813

695,297

2,338,951

477,553

352,996

405,489

1,415,835

2,651,873

427,199

508,167

1,649,374

761,188

3,345,928

(111)

(700)

(1,451,213)

(1,583,604)

-

-

(1,451,324)

(1,584,304)

887,627

1,761,624

2,523,377

4,413,497

28,982,676

28,788,377

106,148

5,761,496

28,498,494

27,237,329

106,148

5,153,159

(61,115,320)

(56,581,633)

2,523,377

4,413,497

The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors and authorised for issue on 10th May 2023
They were signed on its behalf by:

Tim McCarthy

Director

Tim Franklin

Director

52

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

Financial and Corporate Information

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity

for the year ended 31 December 2022

Other 
reserves - 
Acquisition 
reserve 
£

Other 
reserves - 
Translation 
reserve 
£

Other 
reserves - 
Share 
based 
payment 
reserve 
£

Other 
reserves - 
Convertible 
option 
reserve 
£

Other 
reserves - 
Warrant 
reserve 
£

Retained 
earnings 
£

Total 
equity 
£

Share 
capital 
£

Share 
premium 
£

Merger 
reserve 
£

At 1 January 2021

25,022,130 27,237,329 106,148 (3,541,203)

(1,308,480) 8,073,596

31,623

-

(45,966,347) 9,654,796

Loss for the financial 
year

Exchange differences 
on translation 
of foreign operations

Transactions with 
owners:

Share based payments

New issue of 
equity capital

Costs of new issue 
of equity capital

Fair value loss on 
investments

Fair value loss on 
share warrants

Settlement of 
convertible loans 
reserve

Issue of warrants

-

-

-

-

-

-

3,476,364

322,727

-

-

-

-

-

(322,727)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(36,177)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

616,423

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(31,623)

-

(8,173,905)

(8,173,905)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(36,177)

616,423

(1,349,000) 2,450,091

(121,581)

(444,308)

(584,355)

(584,355)

(418,068)

(418,068)

31,623

-

-

1,349,000

-

1,349,000

At 31 December 2021 28,498,494 27,237,329 106,148 (3,541,203)

(1,344,657) 8,690,019

- 1,349,000 (56,581,633) 4,413,497

Loss for the financial 
year

Exchange differences 
on translation of 
foreign operations

Transactions with 
owners:

Share based payments

New issue of equity 
capital

Costs of new issue of 
equity capital

Fair value loss on 
investments

Fair value loss on share 
warrants

Issue of warrants

-

-

-

-

-

-

484,182 1,866,727

-

-

-

-

(165,679)

-

-

(150,000)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

79,104

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

159,874

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(3,807,431)

(3,807,431)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

79,104

159,874

2,350,909

(165,679)

(519,977)

(519,977)

(206,279)

(206,279)

369,359

-

219,359

At 31 December 2022 28,982,676 28,788,377 106,148 (3,541,203)

(1,265,553) 8,849,893

- 1,718,359 (61,115,320) 2,523,377

Equity holders of the 
parent company

28,982,676 28,788,377 106,148 (3,541,203)

(1,265,553) 8,849,893

- 1,718,359 (61,115,320) 2,523,377

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

53

Financial and Corporate Information

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

for the year ended 31 December 2022

Cash flows from operating activities

Cash used in operations

Tax received

Interest paid

Net cash used in operating activities

Investing activities

Purchase of property, plant and equipment

Interest received

Net cash used in investing activities

Financing activities

Decrease in bank overdraft

Loan repayments

Settlements from Sharing Agreement

Gross proceeds from issue of new share capital

Share capital issue costs

Funds deferred per Sharing Agreement

Interest paid on convertible loan notes

Convertible loan notes repaid

Net cash generated from financing activities

Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year

Effects of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year  
(excluding overdraft)

Notes

21

6

7

16

16

Year  
ended
31 December 
2022
£

Year  
ended
31 December
2021
£

(3,224,906)

(5,222,446)

879,877

(2,036)

392,217

(2,943)

(2,347,065)

(4,833,172)

(106,009)

28,585

(77,424)

-

-

362,500

2,350,909

(165,679)

(1,000,000)

-

-

1,547,730

(876,759)

1,649,374

(104,802)

(50,934)

651

(50,283)

(211)

(6,028)

328,495

3,550,000

(132,350)

(2,200,000)

(121,120)

(716,739)

702,047

(4,181,408)

5,862,057

(31,275)

667,813

1,649,374

54

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

Financial and Corporate Information

Company Statement of Financial Position

as at 31 December 2022

Non-current assets

Property, plant and equipment

Financial assets

Derivative financial asset

Trade and other receivables

Investment in subsidiaries

Total non-current assets 

Current assets

Trade and other receivables

Derivative financial asset

Cash and cash equivalents

Current tax asset

Total current assets

Current liabilities

Trade and other payables

Total current liabilities

Net current assets

Net assets

EQUITY

Ordinary shares

Share premium

Merger reserve

Other reserves

Warrant reserve

Retained earnings

Total equity

Notes

31 December  
2022
£

31 December 
2021
£

11

12

14

15

13

15

14

16

18

19

8,427

689,579

82,563

14,177,448

41,141,463

13,682

1,415,835

405,489

12,249,280

41,111,393

56,099,480

55,195,679

106,387

252,258

542,712

-

144,283

508,167

1,524,730

343,246

901,357

2,520,426

(299,163)

(299,164)

(804,717)

(804,717)

602,194

1,715,709

56,701,674

56,911,388

28,982,676

28,788,377

19,093,750

8,849,893

1,718,359

28,498,494

27,237,329

19,093,750

8,690,019

1,349,000

(30,731,381)

(27,957,204)

56,701,674

56,911,388

The Company’s loss for the year ended 31 December 2022 was £2,047,921 (2021: loss of £7,129,729).

The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors and authorised for issue on 10th May 2023.

They were signed on its behalf by:

Tim McCarthy

Director

Tim Franklin

Director

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

55

Financial and Corporate Information

Company Statement of Changes in Equity

for the year ended 31 December 2022

Other 
reserves- 
Share 
based 
payment 
reserve 
£

Share 
capital 
£

Share 
premium 
£

Merger
Reserve 
£

Convertible 
option 
reserve 
£

Warrant 
reserve 
£

Retained
earnings 
£

Total
Equity 
£

At 1 January 2021

25,022,130

27,237,329

19,093,750

8,073,596

31,623

-

-

-

-

-

-

(31,623)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(18,386,094) 61,072,334

(7,129,729)

(7,129,729)

-

616,423

(584,355)

(584,355)

(1,349,000)

2,450,091

(121,581)

(444,308)

(418,068)

(418,068)

31,623

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1,349,000

-

1,349,000

1,349,000

(27,957,204) 56,911,388

-

-

-

-

-

-

(2,047,921)

(2,047,921)

-

159,874

(519,977)

(519,977)

-

-

2,350,909

(165,679)

(206,279)

(206,279)

369,359

-

219,359

1,718,359

(30,731,381) 56,701,674

Loss for the financial year

Transactions with owners:

Share based payments

Fair value loss on 
investments

New issue of equity 
capital

Costs of new issue of 
equity capital

Fair value loss on 
share warrants 

Settlement of convertible 
loan reserve

Issue of warrants

-

-

-

-

-

3,476,364

322,727

-

-

-

-

(322,727)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

616,423

-

-

-

-

-

-

At 31 December 2021

28,498,494

27,237,329

19,093,750

8,690,019

Loss for the financial year

Transactions with owners:

Share based payments

Fair value loss on 
investments

New issue of equity 
capital

Costs of new issue of 
equity capital

Fair value loss on share 
warrants

Issue of warrants

-

-

-

-

-

484,182

1,866,727

-

-

-

(165,679)

-

(150,000)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

159,874

-

-

-

-

-

At 31 December 2022

28,982,676

28,788,377

19,093,750

8,849,893

56

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

Financial and Corporate Information

Company Statement of Cash Flows

for the year ended 31 December 2022

Cash flows from operating activities

Cash used in operations 

Tax received 

Interest paid

Net cash used in operating activities

Investing activities

Purchase of property, plant and equipment

Finance income

Loans issued to subsidiary undertakings

Repayment of loans from subsidiary undertaking

Net cash used in investing activities

Financing activities

Settlements from Sharing Agreement

Gross proceeds from issue of new share capital 

Share capital issue costs 

Funds deferred per Sharing Agreement

Interest paid on convertible loan notes

Convertible loan notes repaid

Net cash generated from financing activities

Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year

Effects of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year

16

16

Notes

21

Year ended
31 December 
2022
£

Year ended
31 December
2021
£

(1,899,683)

(3,234,047)

573,511

(1,653)

-

(2,037)

(1,327,825)

(3,236,084)

-

907

(1,273,131)

98,515

(1,173,709)

362,500

2,350,909

(165,679)

(1,000,000)

-

-

1,547,730

(953,804)

1,524,730

(28,214)

542,712

(6,535)

648

(1,321,850)

-

(1,327,737)

328,495

3,550,000

(132,350)

(2,200,000)

(121,120)

(716,739)

708,286

(3,855,535)

5,375,364

4,901

1,524,730

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

57

Financial and Corporate Information

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

for the year ended 31 December 2022

ImmuPharma plc (the “Company”) is a public limited company registered in England and Wales (company 
number 03929567). The Company is limited by shares and the registered office of the Company is located at One 
Bartholomew Close, EC1A 7BL, London. ImmuPharma plc and its subsidiaries focus on the research, development and 
commercialisation of pioneering and novel drugs in specialist therapeutic areas within the pharmaceutical industry.

1 

Accounting policies
The principal accounting policies are summarised below. They have all been applied consistently throughout the 
financial years contained in these financial statements. 

Basis of preparation
The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with UK-adopted international accounting standards.

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention and on a going concern basis. 
Further commentary on the Group’s plan for the continuing funding of activities is provided in the Strategic 
Report. The Company has taken advantage of the exemption provided under section 408 of the Companies Act 
2006 not to publish its individual Income Statement and statement of comprehensive income and related notes. 

Going concern
The Company and Group do not generate any material cash revenues as its pipeline products are currently at 
research and development stage and therefore rely on external finance in order to fund its operation.

The directors have prepared cashflow forecasts covering a period of more than 12 months from the date of the 
approval of these financial statements. These forecasts include a number of cash inflows to the Company and 
Group including the variable cash receipts under the Lanstead Sharing Agreement and expected receipts from 
licence and collaborations agreements. No new equity fundraising has been assumed. Certain directors of the 
company continue to defer salaries and the forecasts assume that this will continue over the forecast period. 
Some of the cash inflows have a level of uncertainty in respect of timing of receipt and absolute quantum which 
have been modelled through sensitivity analysis. These uncertainties are such that potential actions, to further 
reduce the cost base of operations, may not be sufficient to mitigate all reasonably possible downsides.

Based on the above, the directors believe it remains appropriate to prepare the financial statements on a 
going concern basis. However, these circumstances represent a material uncertainty that may cast significant 
doubt upon the company’s ability to continue as a going concern and, therefore to continue realising its assets 
and discharging its liabilities in the normal course of business. The financial statements do not include any 
adjustments that would result from the basis of preparation being inappropriate.

Critical accounting judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting practice requires 
management to make estimates and judgements that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as 
well as the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the Statement of financial position date and the 
reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting year. Estimates and judgements are continually 
evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that 
are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.

Management have had to make judgements in the following areas:

•  Financial instruments – fair value measurement

  A number of assets and liabilities included in the Group’s financial statements require measurement at, 
and/or disclosure of, fair value. The fair value measurement of the Group’s financial and non-financial 
assets and liabilities utilises market observable inputs and data as far as possible. Inputs used in 
determining fair value measurements are categorised into different levels based on how observable the 
inputs used in the valuation technique utilised are (the ‘fair value hierarchy’): 

-  Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical items (unadjusted)

-  Level 2: Observable direct or indirect inputs other than Level 1 inputs 

-  Level 3: Unobservable inputs (i.e. not derived from market data). 

58

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

Financial and Corporate Information

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

for the year ended 31 December 2022

1 

Accounting policies (continued)
Critical accounting judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty (continued)

  The classification of an item into the above levels is based on the lowest level of the inputs used that 

has a significant effect on the fair value measurement of the item. Transfers of items between levels are 
recognised in the period they occur.

•  Financial asset – Other investments 

As at 31 December 2022, the Group and the Company held 12.97% of the issued share capital in 
Incanthera plc. Incanthera plc investment is held at fair value through other comprehensive income. The 
investment included above represents investments in quoted equity securities. Under IFRS 7 Financial 
instruments: Disclosures and IFRS 13 Fair value measurement this is classified under the fair value hierarchy 
as level 2, because the AQSE as previously defined is not considered sufficiently active to denote Level 1. 
This strategic investment is classified as fair value through other comprehensive income. The fair value has 
been assessed at 31 December 2022 and is based on the share price and holding at 31 December 2022 on 
the ImmuPharma plc shareholding of Incanthera plc. There is judgement around calculating the fair value 
of this investment. The value of ImmuPharma’s retained 9,903,349 shares amounted to £688,350 being the 
fair value of the investment in Incanthera plc as of 31 December 2022. Fair value loss of £519,977 has been 
recorded in Other Comprehensive Income.

•  Derivative financial asset 

The Group and the Company has placed shares with Lanstead and at the same time entered into 
a Sharing Agreement. The amount receivable under the Sharing Agreement each month, over a 
24 month period, will be dependent on the Company’s share price performance. The nature of 
the Sharing Agreement with Lanstead requires the calculation of the fair value as at the end of the 
accounting period and it is based on the estimation of the Company’s share price and discount rate. 
Under IFRS 7 Financial instruments: Disclosures and IFRS 13 Fair value measurement, the value of the 
derivative financial asset has been assessed under the Fair value hierarchy as a Level 2 input, as the 
instrument is not quoted in an active market, but is linked to the quoted ImmuPharma share price. 
Any change in the fair value of the derivative financial asset is reflected in the Income Statement. 
The derivative was initially recognised at the date the Sharing Agreement was entered into and 
was subsequently re-measured to its fair value at the reporting date. The resulting gain or loss was 
recognised in finance income within profit and loss. As at 31 December 2022, the Company completed 
a calculation of fair value of the derivative financial asset that resulted in a finance loss of £1,218,492. 
The year end share price has been considered to be the best estimate for future share prices and has 
been included within the net present value. At the reporting date, the derivative had a positive fair 
value and therefore is recognised as a financial asset. The derivative is presented as both a current asset 
and non current asset.

•  Warrants financial asset 

The Group and the Company has been issued warrants for 7,272,740 shares at 9.5p in Incanthera 
Plc. These warrants represent a financial asset, measured at fair value through Other Comprehensive 
Income. At the reporting date, warrants financial asset was revalued to its fair value amounted to £1,229. 
Fair value loss of £206,279 has been recorded in Other Comprehensive Income.

  The fair value was measured using the “Black – Scholes” valuation model, in which there were several 
inputs, based on details specified in warrant agreement and estimations described further in Note 12. 
IFRS 13 classifies those inputs as Level 2.

•  Share options 

The Group and the Company operates a share option incentive scheme. The fair value of options 
granted is recognised as an expense in the income statement with a corresponding increase in 
equity. The fair value is measured at grant date, spread over the period which the employees 
become unconditionally entitled to the options. The fair value of the options is measured using the 
“Black – Scholes” valuation model, in which there are several inputs, most of which are based on 
available market information or details specified within the share options agreements.

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

59

Financial and Corporate Information

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

for the year ended 31 December 2022

1 

Accounting policies (continued)
Critical accounting judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty (continued)

Management have applied estimates in the following areas:

•  Investment in Subsidiaries 

For the Company Statement of Financial Position, management has considered whether there has been 
any impairment to the carrying value and has applied estimates including taking account of various 
factors and available evidence in assessing the recoverable amounts in arriving at the conclusion.

  At 31 December 2022, the Company’s investment in its subsidiaries, ImmuPharma (France) SA and 
Ureka Pharma (SAS) was £30,455,191 and £10,686,272 respectively. The directors have assessed the 
carrying value of the Company’s investment in subsidiaries, over a period of 10 years, taking into 
account the various factors and available evidence as at that date and concluded that no impairment is 
required against this investment at the year-end date. 

•  Amounts owed by group undertakings 

For the Company Statement of Financial Position, management needs to consider whether these 
balances are recoverable or an impairment is required and applies estimates including taking account 
of various factors and available evidence in arriving at the conclusion. 

  At 31 December 2022, ImmuPharma Plc was due £10,509,899 and £3,667,549 from its subsidiaries 

ImmuPharma (France) SA and Ureka Pharma (SAS) respectively. At that date, ImmuPharma (France) SA 
and Ureka Pharma (SAS) had net liabilities of £10,841231 and £1,977,189 respectively and are not in a 
position to repay this balance without realising value from their intangible assets. 

  Following the announcement of the results of the LupuzorTM clinical trial in April 2018 and Avion 
agreement in November 2019, the directors have reviewed the future prospects of ImmuPharma 
(France) SA and Ureka Pharma (SAS). Using the information which would have been available at 
31 December 2022 and the directors believe that going forward, there is sufficient value in ImmuPharma 
(France) SA’s and Ureka Pharma (SAS)’s underlying activities, such that they are confident that the 
subsidiaries will generate sufficient cash to enable these balances to be repaid. As a result, no 
impairment has been charged in 2022.

•  Derivative Financial Asset – the nature of the Sharing Agreement with Lanstead requires the calculation 
of the fair value at the end of the accounting period and it is based on the estimation of the Company’s 
share price and discount rate. 

Changes in accounting policies and disclosures
The following new and amended Standards and Interpretations effective for the financial year beginning 
1 January 2022 have been adopted. The adoption of these standards has not had any material impact on the 
disclosures or on the amounts reported in these financial statements.

•  Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting – Amendments to IFRS 3

•  IAS 16 Property, Plant and Equipment – Proceeds before Intended Use

•  Amendments to IAS 37 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets – Onerous Contracts – 

Cost of Fulfilling a Contract

•  Annual Improvements to IFRS Accounting Standards 2018-2020 Cycle 

•  IFRS 1 First-time Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards

•  IFRS 9 Financial Instruments Fees in the ’10 per cent’ tes for derecognition of financial liabilities

•  IFRS 16 Leases 

•  IAS 41 Agriculture

60

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

Financial and Corporate Information

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

for the year ended 31 December 2022

1 

Accounting policies (continued)
Changes in accounting policies and disclosures (continued)

New and amended Standards and Interpretations issued and effective for periods beginning on or after 
1 January 2023

•  Amendments to IFRS10 and IAS 28: Sale or Contribution of Assets between an Investor and its Associate 

or Joint Venture

•  Amendment to IAS 1: Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-current 

•  Amendment to IAS 12: Deferred Tax related to Assets and Liabilities arising from a Single Transaction

•  IAS 8: Definition of Accounting Estimates 

•  IAS 1 and IFRS Practice Statement 2: Disclosure of Accounting Policies 

•  IAS 41: Taxation in fair value measurements 

•  IFRS 17 (including the June 2020 and December 2021 Amendments to IFRS 17): Insurance Contracts

Basis of consolidation
Both the consolidated and the Company’s financial statements are for the year ended 31 December 2022 and 
present comparative information for the year ended 31 December 2021. All intra-group transactions, balances, 
income and expenditure are eliminated upon consolidation.

The Group’s financial statements incorporate the financial statements of ImmuPharma plc and other entities 
controlled by the Company (‘the subsidiaries’). The control principle in IFRS 10 sets out the following three 
elements of control: power over the investee; exposure, or rights, to variable returns from involvement with the 
investee; and. the ability to use power over the investee to affect the amount of those returns. The financial 
statements of these other entities cease to be included in the Group financial statements from the date that 
control ceases.

Revenue
Grant income
Revenue is recognised under IAS 20 and relates to grants received by Ureka Pharma SAS. In respect of certain 
grants, the proportion of the grant received recognised as revenue in the year is based upon the proportion of 
the relevant project costs actually incurred as at the year-end, compared with the projected total costs over the 
life of that project. For other grants, the amount of grant receivable is based upon the costs of specific research 
staff and in respect of these grants, the amount recognised as revenue is matched to the cost incurred.

Foreign currency
Income statement 
The presentational and functional currency of ImmuPharma plc is sterling (£). Transactions in foreign currency are 
recorded at the rates of exchange prevailing on the dates of the transactions. At each reporting date, monetary assets 
and liabilities that are denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing on the reporting date. 
Any gains or losses arising on translation are taken to the Income Statement as finance income or costs. 

Taxation
The tax expense or credit represents the sum of the tax currently payable and any deferred tax less tax credits 
recognised in relation to research and development tax incentives. 

The tax currently receivable is based on tax credits for the year. Taxable loss differs from net loss as reported in 
the Income Statement as it excludes items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years 
and it further excludes items that are never taxable or deductible. The Company’s receivable for current tax is 
calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the year-end date. 

Deferred tax is the tax expected to be payable or recoverable on differences between the carrying amounts of 
assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of 
taxable profit and is accounted for using the Statement of Financial Position liability method. Deferred tax assets 
are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which deductible 
temporary differences can be utilised. 

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

61

Financial and Corporate Information

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

for the year ended 31 December 2022

1 

Accounting policies (continued)
Taxation (continued)

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is 
no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered. 
No such assets are held at the year end.

Investments in subsidiaries 
Investments in subsidiaries are stated at cost less any provision for impairment.

Whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an investment in a subsidiary 
undertaking may not be recoverable the investment is reviewed for impairment. An investment’s carrying value is 
written down to its estimated recoverable amount if that is less than the investment’s carrying amount.

Intangible assets 
Research and development expenditure is charged to the Income Statement in the period in which it is incurred. 
Development expenditure is capitalised when the criteria for recognising an asset are met, usually when a regulatory 
filing has been made in a major market and approval is considered highly probable. Property, plant and equipment 
used for research and development is capitalised and depreciated in accordance with the Group’s policy.

In process research and development acquired as part of a business combination is recognised separately from 
goodwill where the associated project meets the definition of an intangible asset and its fair value can be measured 
reliably. In process, research and development assets arising because of a business combination are amortised on a 
straight-line basis over their useful lives from the point in time at which the asset is available for use. 

Patents are stated at purchase cost and are amortised on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of 
15 years from the date of patent registration. 

Property, plant and equipment
Tangible fixed assets are stated at cost, net of depreciation and provision for any impairment. Depreciation is 
calculated to write off the cost of all tangible fixed assets to estimated residual value by equal annual instalments 
over their expected useful lives as follows:

-  Fixtures, fittings and equipment: 2 – 5 years 

Impairment of tangible and intangible assets
At each year-end date, the Group reviews the carrying amounts of its tangible and intangible assets to determine 
whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, 
the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). 
An impairment loss is immediately recognised as an expense, in the Income Statement. 

Share based payments 
The Company issues equity-settled share based payments to their employees and third parties. These are measured 
at fair value (excluding the effect of non-market based vesting conditions) at the date of grant. The fair value 
determined at the grant date is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, based on the Group’s 
estimate of shares that will eventually vest and adjusted for the effect of non market-based vesting conditions. 

Fair value is measured by use of the Black Scholes model. The expected life used in the model has been adjusted, 
based on management’s best estimate, for the effects of non-transferability, exercise restrictions and behavioural 
considerations. For share options issued to suppliers, the value is measured using an estimate of the fair value of 
the services.

Provisions
In respect of National Insurance contributions on share option gains, the Company provides in full for all vested 
options and on a pro-rata basis over the vesting period for options that have not yet vested for the employer’s 
National Insurance liability estimated to arise on the future exercise of the unapproved share options granted. 
The amount of National Insurance payable will depend on the number of employees who remain with the 
Company and exercise their options, the market price of the Company’s Ordinary shares at the time of exercise 
and the prevailing National Insurance rate at that time. 

62

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

Financial and Corporate Information

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

for the year ended 31 December 2022

1 

Accounting policies (continued)
Warrants issued
The Company issues warrants to third party investors giving the counterparty a right to subscribe for a fixed 
number of the entity’s shares for a fixed amount of cash. These are measured at fair value (excluding the effect of 
non-market based vesting conditions) at the date of grant.

For warrants issued to suppliers in lieu of services, the value is measured using an estimate of the fair value 
of the services. 

For warrants issued in exchange for a change to the terms of another derivative instrument or agreement, the 
value is measured using an estimate of the effect on the value of that other instrument.

Equity and Warrant Reserve
Share capital is determined using the nominal value of shares that have been issued.

The Share premium account includes any premiums received on the initial issuing of the share capital. Any 
transaction costs associated with the issuing of shares are deducted from the Share premium account.

The Merger reserve represents the difference between the nominal value and the market value at the date of 
issue of shares issued in connection with the acquisition by the Group of an interest in over 90% of the share 
capital of another company.

The Acquisition reserve includes those adjustments arising on reverse acquisition of the Company by 
ImmuPharma (UK) Limited.

Foreign currency differences arising on the retranslation of overseas subsidiaries are included in the 
translation reserve.

Equity-settled share-based payments are credited to the share based payment reserve as a component of equity 
until related options or warrants are exercised.

The warrants reserve will be transferred to share capital account upon the exercise of warrants. The balance of 
warrants reserve in relation to the unexercised warrants at the expiry of the warrants period will be transferred to 
retained earnings. 

Retained earnings includes all current and prior period results as disclosed in the Income Statement.

Financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised on the Statement of Financial Position when the Group 
becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. An equity instrument is any contract that 
evidences a residual interest in the assets of the group after deducting all of its liabilities and when issued by the 
Group is recorded at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.

Warrants in respect of Incanthera shares is a derivative financial instrument, initially and subsequently measured at 
fair value through other comprehensive income. 

Investments other than investments in subsidiaries are classified as either held-for-trading or not at initial 
recognition. Those investments and financial assets are initially measured at fair value less transaction costs and 
are subsequently measured at fair value. At the year-end date all investments are classified as not held for trading. 
An irrevocable election has been made to recognise changes in fair value in other Comprehensive Income.

Trade and other receivables are measured at initial recognition at fair value and are subsequently measured at 
amortised cost using the effective interest method. A provision for impairment is established based on lifetime 
expected credit losses. The amount of any provision is recognised in profit or loss.

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash held by the Group and short-term bank deposits with an original 
maturity of three months or less. 

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

63

Financial and Corporate Information

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

for the year ended 31 December 2022

1 

2 

Accounting policies (continued)
Financial instruments (continued)
Trade and other payables are initially measured at fair value, and are subsequently measured at amortised cost, 
using the effective interest rate method. 

Non-interest bearing loans and overdrafts are initially recorded at fair value and are subsequently measured at 
amortised cost using the effective interest rate method.

Derivative financial assets are initially measured at fair value less transaction costs and are subsequently measured 
at fair value. 

Financial risk management 
The Group uses a limited number of financial instruments, cash, short-term deposits, overdrafts, and various 
items such as trade receivables and payables, which arise directly from operations. The Group does not trade in 
financial instruments.

Financial risk factors
The Group’s activities expose it to a variety of financial risks: market risk (including currency risk, and interest rate 
risk), credit risk, liquidity risk and cash flow interest rate risk. The Group’s overall risk management programme 
focuses on the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to minimise potential adverse effects on the 
Group’s financial performance.

a)  Foreign exchange risk

The Group operates internationally and is exposed to foreign exchange risk arising from various currency 
exposures, primarily with respect to Sterling, the Euro, the Swiss Franc and the US Dollar. Foreign exchange risk 
arises from future commercial transactions, recognised assets, liabilities, and net investments in foreign operations.

Foreign exchange risk arises when future commercial transactions or recognised assets or liabilities are 
denominated in a currency that is not the entity’s functional currency.

The Group has certain investments in foreign operations, whose net assets are exposed to foreign exchange risks.

The Group did not enter into any arrangements to hedge this risk, as the directors did not consider this risk 
significant. The directors will review this policy as appropriate in the future.

b)  Credit risk

The Group has no significant concentrations of credit risk because the majority of the debtors are 
government bodies.

c)  Liquidity risk

Prudent liquidity risk management implies maintaining sufficient cash and available funding through an 
adequate amount of committed facilities. The Group ensures it has adequate cover through the availability of 
funding and facilities.

d)  Cash flow and interest rate

The Group finances its operations through a mix of equity finance and borrowings. Borrowings are both 
non-interest bearing and interest bearing. 

e)  Equity price risk

The Group is exposed to equity price risk due to the possibility that the value of the Company’s shares will 
fluctuate. This can affect the amount of any proceeds in any fundraise the Company might undertake. In 
addition, any adverse share price change will negatively affect the amount of proceeds the Company will 
receive under both current Lanstead “Sharing Agreements”.

f)  Exposure to equity investments

The Group’s exposure to equity securities price risk arises from investments held by the Group and classified 
in the Statement of Financial Position at fair value. 

64

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

Financial and Corporate Information

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

for the year ended 31 December 2022

3 

Segment information
- Group

IFRS 8 requires operating segments to be identified on the basis of internal reports about components of the 
Group that are regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker to allocate resources to the segments 
and to assess their performance. In accordance with IFRS 8, the chief operating decision maker has been 
identified as the Board of Directors. They review the Group’s internal reporting in order to assess performance 
and allocate resources. The Board of Directors consider that the business comprises a single activity, being the 
development and commercialisation of pharmaceutical products. Therefore, the Group is organised into one 
operating segment and there is one primary reporting segment. The segment information is the same as that set 
out in the Consolidated Income Statement, Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income, Consolidated 
Statement of Financial Position, Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity and Consolidated Statement of 
Cash Flows. 

Revenue of £nil (2021: £68,107) originates in France and £nil (2021: £50,243) originates in Switzerland. Of the loss before 
taxation, £1,403,295 (2021: £2,200,259) originates in France, with loss before taxation of £3,049,478 (2021: £6,669,868) 
and loss of £3,560 (2021: £70,594) originating in the United Kingdom and Switzerland respectively.

Of the total non-current assets, £855,172 (2021: £816,861) originates in France and £780,577 (2021: £1,835,012) 
from the United Kingdom.

4 

Staff costs
The average monthly number of employees across the Group and the Company (including executive directors) was:

Drug research and development, and 
commercial operations

Administration and management

The aggregate remuneration 
comprised:

Wages and salaries

Social security costs

Pension costs

Share-based payment

Group 
Year ended 
31 December 
2022 
No.

Group 
Year ended 
31 December 
2021 
No.

Company 
Year ended 
31 December 
2022 
No.

Company 
Year ended 
31 December 
2021 
No.

11

2

13

9

5

14

2

1

3

2

2

4

Group 
Year ended 
31 December 
2022 
£

Group 
Year ended 
31 December 
2021 
£

Company 
Year ended 
31 December 
2022 
£

Company 
Year ended 
31 December 
2021 
£

687,788

251,202

1,444

159,868

 2,253,406

353,637

2,636

616,423

1,100,302

3,226,102

385,615

53,481

1,444

129,799

570,339

1,580,441

115,082

2,636

568,157

2,266,316

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

65

Financial and Corporate Information

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

for the year ended 31 December 2022

4 

Staff costs (continued)
Directors’ emoluments
The following disclosures are in respect of emoluments payable to the directors of ImmuPharma plc across the 
Group and the Company:

Fees

Salaries and benefits

Group 
Year ended 
31 December 
2022 
£

Group 
Year ended 
31 December 
2021 
£

Company 
Year ended 
31 December 
2022 
£

Company 
Year ended 
31 December 
2021 
£

-

301,000

301,000

522,272

979,212

1,501,484

-

301,000

301,000

522,272

979,212

1,501,484

Please refer to information in the Directors’ Report on page 33 in respect for amounts paid to individual directors.

Refer to note 22 for details of amounts paid to related parties in lieu of directors’ fees and bonus payments.

The emoluments of the highest paid 
director, amounts included above are:

Salaries and benefits 

Group 
Year ended 
31 December 
2022 
£

Group 
Year ended 
31 December 
2021 
£

Company 
Year ended 
31 December 
2022 
£

Company 
Year ended 
31 December 
2021 
£

106,500

106,500

582,631

582,631

106,500

106,500

582,631

582,631

Key management are those persons having authority and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling the 
activities of the entity. In the opinion of the Board, the key management of the Group and the Company comprises the 
Executive and Non-executive Directors of ImmuPharma plc. Information regarding their emoluments is set out below. 

The following disclosures are in respect of employee benefits, including National Insurance, payable to the 
directors of ImmuPharma plc across the Group and the Company and are stated in accordance with IFRS:

Group 
Year ended 
31 December 
2022 
£

Group 
Year ended 
31 December 
2021 
£

Company 
Year ended 
31 December 
2022 
£

Company 
Year ended 
31 December 
2021 
£

301,000

1,501,484

301,000

1,501,484

129,799

430,799

161,426

1,662,910

129,799

430,799

161,426

1,662,910

Short-term employee benefits 
(salaries and benefits)

Share based payments

Directors’ emoluments

66

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

Financial and Corporate Information

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

for the year ended 31 December 2022

5 

Operating loss
- Group

Operating loss is stated after charging:

Share based payments charge

Exceptional items

Depreciation of property, plant and equipment

- owned

Amortisation of intangible assets

- patents

Services provided by Company auditors:

- Audit services

- Other services relating to tax compliance services

- Audit services – interim review

Audit services provided by other auditors 

Year ended 
31 December  
2022 
£

159,869

-

85,049

32,514

95,000

8,420

5,000

21,563

Year ended 
31 December 
2021 
£

616,423

1,427,084

81,995

32,124

77,700

-

16,000

34,314

The exceptional items of £nil (2021: £1.4m) relate to termination benefit packages paid out in the prior year to 
departing Directors, their service companies and related parties (£1.3m), as well as legal fees in relation to these 
termination fees (£62k).

6 

Finance costs
- Group

Interest payable on loans and overdraft

Interest payable on convertible loan notes

Loss on foreign exchange 

Year ended 
31 December 
2022 
£

2,036

-

16,079

Year ended 
31 December 
2021 
£

2,943

121,120

-

Loss on derivative financial asset (note 14)

1,218,492

2,148,972

Loss on revaluation of convertible loan notes

Warrants issue costs 

7 

Finance income
- Group

Bank interest receivable

Gain on foreign exchange

Other income

-

219,359

1,455,966

81,837

-

2,354,872

Year ended 
31 December 
2022 
£

Year ended 
31 December 
2021 
£

907

-

27,678

28,585

651

456

-

1,107

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

67

Financial and Corporate Information

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

for the year ended 31 December 2022

8 

Taxation
- Group

Current tax:

Corporation tax

Total current tax credit for the year

Year ended 
31 December  
2022 
£

Year ended 
31 December  
2021 
£

(648,902)

(648,902)

(766,814)

(766,814)

The difference between the total current tax shown above and the amount calculated by applying the standard 
rate of UK corporation tax to the loss before tax is as follows:

Loss before taxation

Tax on loss (at the average rate 19%) 

(2021: 19%)

Effects of:

Expenses not allowable for tax purposes

Depreciation in excess of capital allowances

Rate differences

Research and development tax credit

Current year losses carried forward

Current tax credit for year 

Year ended  
31 December 
 2022 
£

Year ended  
31 December 
 2021 
£

(4,456,333)

(8,940,720)

(846,703)

(1,698,737)

1,753

21,750

676

(648,902)

822,524

(648,902)

2,395

86,757

13,413

(766,814)

1,596,172

(766,814)

As at 31 December 2022, the Group has unused tax losses of £49,025,230 (2021: £48,202,705) available for offset 
against future profits in the jurisdiction in which the loss arises. No deferred tax asset has been recognised due to 
the unpredictability of future profit streams in the relevant jurisdictions. 

9 

Loss per share
- Group

Year ended  
31 December  
2022

£

Year ended  
31 December  
2021

£

Loss

Loss for the purposes of basic loss per share being net loss after 
tax attributable to equity shareholders

(3,807,431)

(8,173,905)

Number of shares

Weighted average number of ordinary shares for the purposes of 
basic earnings per share

Basic loss per share

Diluted loss per share

302,912,903

251,164,361

(1.26)p

(1.26)p

(3.25)p

(3.25)p

The Group has granted share options in respect of equity shares to be issued, the details of which are disclosed in note 20. 
There is no difference between basic loss per share and diluted loss per share as the share options and warrants 
are anti-dilutive.

68

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

Financial and Corporate Information

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

for the year ended 31 December 2022

10 

Intangible assets
- Group

Cost

At 1 January 2021

Exchange rate movements

At 1 January 2022

Exchange rate movements

At 31 December 2022

Amortisation

At 1 January 2021

Exchange rate movements

Charge for the period

At 1 January 2022

Exchange rate movements

Charge for the period

At 31 December 2022

Net book amount

At 31 December 2022

At 31 December 2021

Research and  
development 
£

404,095

-

404,095

-

404,095

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

404,095

404,095

Patents 
£

486,234

(35,625)

450,609

25,764

476,373

406,287 

 (61,260)

32,124

377,151 

 (3,089)

32,514

406,576 

69,797

73,458

Total 
£

890,329

(35,625)

854,704

25,764

880,468

406,287

 (61,260)

32,124

377,151

 (3,089)

32,514

406,576

473,892

477,553

Research and development costs relate to in-progress research and development acquired as part of business 
combinations in earlier years.

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

69

Financial and Corporate Information

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

for the year ended 31 December 2022

11 

Property, plant and equipment
- Group

Cost

At 1 January 2021

Exchange rate movements

Additions

At 1 January 2022

Exchange rate movements

Additions

Disposals

At 31 December 2022

Depreciation

At 1 January 2021

Exchange rate movements

Charge for the period

At 1 January 2022

Exchange rate movements

Charge for the period

Depreciation eliminated on disposal

At 31 December 2022

Net book amount

At 31 December 2022

At 31 December 2021

Fixtures, fittings 
and equipment 
£

1,122,573

(74,613)

50,934

1,098,894

56,436

106,009

(1,174)

1,260,165

710,967

(47,066)

81,995

745,898

39,735

85,049

(235)

870,445

389,716

352,996

70

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

Financial and Corporate Information

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

for the year ended 31 December 2022

11 

Property, plant and equipment (continued)
- Company

Cost

At 1 January 2021

Additions

At 1 January 2022

Additions

Disposals

At 31 December 2022

Depreciation

At 1 January 2021

Charge for the period

At 1 January 2022

Charge for the period

Depreciation eliminated on disposals 

At 31 December 2022

Net book amount

At 31 December 2022

At 31 December 2021

Fixtures, fittings 
and equipment 
£

67,664

6,535

74,199

-

(1,178)

73,021

56,057

4,460

60,517

4,312

(235)

64,594

8,427

13,682

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

71

Financial and Corporate Information

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

for the year ended 31 December 2022

12 

Financial assets

- Group and Company

Valuation

At 31 December 2021

Additions

Fair value movement 

At 31 December 2022

Shares in 
listed entity
£

Warrants in 
listed entity
£

Total
£

1,208,327

207,508

1,415,835

-

-

-

(519,977)

(206,279)

(726,256)

688,350

1,229

689,579

As of 31 December 2022 ImmuPharma held 9,903,349 shares in Incanthera plc, representing a 12.97% position in 
the share capital of Incanthera plc.

Under IFRS 7 Financial instruments: Disclosures and IFRS 13 Fair value measurement investment in shares of listed 
entity is classified under the fair value hierarchy as level 2. The fair value of ImmuPharma’s 9,903,349 shares held in 
Incanthera Plc equated to £688,350 as at 31 December 2022 (2021: £1,208,327), which has resulted in a fair value 
loss of £519,977 recognised through other comprehensive income.

Warrants in Incanthera Plc
ImmuPharma had been issued warrants for 7,272,740 shares at 9.5p per share of Incanthera plc. These warrants 
represent a financial asset, measured at fair value through Other Comprehensive Income, with a fair value loss 
of £206,279 for the year. At 31 December 2022, the fair value amounting to £1,229 was calculated using the 
“Black – Scholes” valuation model, in which there were several inputs, based on the contractual details and 
estimations. The inputs below have been taken into account in 2022:

-  Expected volatility of share price – 26.50% (2021: 11%)

-  Risk free rate – 3.619% (2021: 0.821%)

-  Market value of share price at issue year end 6.95p (2021: 12.20p)

72

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

Financial and Corporate Information

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

for the year ended 31 December 2022

13 

Investment in subsidiaries

- Company 

Cost and fair value

At 31 December 2021

Additions

At 31 December 2022

Shares in 
subsidiary 
undertakings 
£

41,111,393

30,070

41,141,463

Details of the Company’s subsidiaries as at 31 December 2022 are as follows:

Name of company 
ImmuPharma (France) SA

Holding
Ordinary

% voting rights 
and shares held
100

ImmuPharma AG

Ordinary

100

Ureka Pharma SAS (formerly 
Ureka SARL)

Ordinary

100

Nature of business & 
country of incorporation
Pharmaceutical research 
and development – 
France

Pharmaceutical research 
and development – 
Switzerland 

Pharmaceutical research 
and development – 
France

Registered Office 
Address
5, rue du Rhône
F-68100 Mulhouse
France

Poststrasse 10 
CH-6060
Sarnen OW
Switzerland

Bâtiment 13, 2 Rue 
Robert Escarpit 
33600 Pessac
France

Investments are recorded at cost, which is the fair value of the consideration paid.

The Company assessed the fair value of its Investment in Subsidiaries as at 31 December 2022 and has concluded 
that there has been no impairment to their value and that the carrying value remains as stated above. In order to 
reach this conclusion, the directors considered several points. Central to this assessment was a discounted cash 
flow analysis of the Group’s lead program that supported this conclusion. Key assumptions included the discount 
rate, growth rate, exchange rate, tax rate as well as probability weighting. These assumptions were tested for 
sensitivity, which supported the conclusion of no impairment. Sensitivity analysis of the key assumptions showed 
that an adverse 10% change to any of these factors did not change this conclusion.  

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

73

Financial and Corporate Information

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

for the year ended 31 December 2022

14  Derivative financial asset

Group
31 December 
2022
£

Group
31 December 
2021
£

Company
31 December
2022
£

Company
31 December
2021
£

Balance brought forward 

Value of derivative at inception

Settlements received

913,656

1,000,000

(360,343)

1,191,123

2,200,000

(328,495)

913,656

1,000,000

(360,343)

1,191,123

2,200,000

(328,495)

Loss recognised through income statement

(1,218,492)

(2,148,972)

(1,218,492)

(2,148,972)

334,821

913,656

334,821

913,656

Due within one year

Due after one year

At 31 December

31 December 
2022 
£

31 December 
2021 
£

252,258

82,563

334,821   

508,167

405,489

913,656

As part of the placement completed in March 2020, the Company issued 13,000,000 new ordinary shares to 
Lanstead Capital Investors L.P. (“Lanstead”) at a price of 10p per share for an aggregate subscription price of 
£1.3m before expenses. In December 2021, the Company issued 20,000,000 new ordinary shares to Lanstead at a 
price of 11p per share to raise £2.2m before expenses.  In the placement completed in August 2022, the Company 
issued 20,000,000 new ordinary shares to Lanstead at a price of 5p per share to raise £1m gross. All Subscriptions 
proceeds were pledged under the Sharing Agreement, under which Lanstead made and will continue to make, 
subject to the terms and conditions of that Sharing Agreement, monthly settlements to the Company that are 
subject to adjustment upwards or downwards depending on the Company’s share price performance.

In December 2021 and August 2022 the Company also issued 1,400,000 new ordinary shares consecutively to 
Lanstead as value payments in connection with the Share Subscriptions and the Sharing Agreements. Monthly 
settlements under the Sharing Agreement from March 2020 completed in June 2022. The settlements from 
remaining agreements (December 2021 and August 2022) will continue until 2024, completing in March 2024 and 
August 2024 respectively.

At the end of the accounting period the amount receivable has been adjusted to fair value based upon the share 
price of the Company at that date. Any change in the fair value of the derivative financial asset is reflected in the 
income statement. As at 31 December 2022, the Company completed a calculation of fair value of the derivative 
financial asset that resulted in a finance loss of £1,218,492 which was recorded in the income statement.  The 
restatement to fair value will be calculated at the end of each accounting period during the course of the Sharing 
Agreement and will vary according to the Company’s share price performance.

74

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

Financial and Corporate Information

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

for the year ended 31 December 2022

15 

Trade and other receivables

Current 

Trade debtors 

Other debtors

Prepayments

Non-current

Amounts owed by group undertakings

Group
31 December 
2022
£

Group
31 December 
2021
£

Company
31 December 
2022
£

Company
31 December 
2021
£

166,320

483,081

74,182

723,583

-

373,253

53,946

427,199

-

32,202

74,185

-

90,338

53,945

106,387

144,283

Group
31 December 
2022
£

Group
31 December 
2021
£

Company
31 December 
2022
£

Company
31 December 
2021
£

-

-

-

-

14,177,448

12,249,280

14,177,448

12,249,280

The Group’s credit risk is primarily attributable to its other debtors. The Company’s credit risk is primarily 
attributable to the intercompany loan balances due from French subsidiaries. Based on prior experience and an 
assessment of the current economic environment, the directors did not consider any provision for irrecoverable 
amounts was required and consider that the carrying value of these assets approximates to their fair value. 

The Company’s receivables due from Group undertakings are intercompany loan balances due from its French 
subsidiaries. As of 31 December 2022, the directors believe that there has been no impairment to these values.

The Company considers that the amounts included in receivables due from group undertakings will prove 
recoverable. However, the timing of and the ultimate repayment of these amounts will depend primarily on the 
growth of revenues for the relevant group companies. Amounts owed by group undertakings of £14,177,448 
(2021: £12,249,280) are included in non-current assets. These are unsecured, interest free, and have no fixed date 
of repayment. 

The total carrying amount of financial assets for the Group is £2,206,915 (2021: £4,406,064), consisting of trade and 
other receivables of £723,583 (2021: £427,199), investment in Incanthera Plc £506,685 (2021: £1,415,835), derivative 
financial asset £308,834 (2021: £913,656) and cash and cash equivalents of £667,813 (2021: £1,649,374).

The total carrying amount of financial assets for the Company is £15,642,062 (2021: £16,250,785), consisting of 
trade and other receivables of £14,283,831 (2021: £12,393,563), investment in shares in Incanthera Plc £688,351 
(2021: £1,208,327), investment in warrants in Incanthera Plc £1,229 (2021: £207,508), derivative financial asset 
£334,821 (2021: £913,656) and cash and cash equivalents of £542,712 (2021: £1,524,730).

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

75

Financial and Corporate Information

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

for the year ended 31 December 2022

16  Cash and cash equivalents

Group 
31 December 
2022 
£

Group 
31 December 
2021 
£

Company 
31 December 
2022 
£

Company 
31 December 
2021 
£

Cash and cash equivalents

667,813

1,649,374

542,712

1,524,730

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash held by the Group and short-term bank deposits with an original 
maturity of three months or less at varying rates of interest over the period between 0.0% and 0.5%. 

The directors consider that the carrying value of these assets approximates to their fair value. 

The credit risk on liquid funds is limited because the counterparty is a bank with a high credit rating.

Included within the above is £50,000 held separately in a Royal Bank of Scotland bank account in respect of a 
charge held over cash balances with reference to the Company’s credit card facility.

17 

Financial liabilities – borrowings
- Group

Total borrowings within one year comprises: 

Bank overdraft

Other loans

18 

Trade and other payables

31 December 
2022 
£

31 December 
2021 
£

111

-

111

105

595

700

Group 
31 December 
2022 
£

Group 
31 December 
2021 
£

Company 
31 December 
2022 
£

Company 
31 December 
2021 
£

Trade payables

Other taxes and social security

Accruals and other creditors

1,071,140

180,122

199,951

268,927

158,781

1,155,896

102,991

645,936

-

196,173

299,164

-

158,781

804,717

1,451,213

1,583,604

The directors consider that the carrying amount of trade and other payables approximates to their fair value.

76

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

Financial and Corporate Information

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

for the year ended 31 December 2022

19 

Share capital
At 31 December 2022, the Company had no limit on its authorised share capital.

Allotted, called up and fully paid

2022 No.

2021 No.

2022 £

2021 £

At start of year:

Ordinary shares of £0.10 each

Ordinary shares of £0.01 each

Deferred shares of £0.09 each

Movements during year:

250,221,297

25,022,130

284,984,933

284,984,933

2,849,849

25,648,644

Shares issued on 23 December 2021

34,763,636

3,476,364

Shares issued on 16 August 2022

Shares issued on 30 August 2022

Shares issued on 5 September 2022

Shares issued on 13 September 2022

42,418,182

1,000,000

2,000,000

3,000,000

424,182

10,000

20,000

30,000

At end of year

618,388,048

284,984,933

28,982,675

28,498,494

During the financial year, the Company issued in total 48,418,182 new ordinary shares of £0.01 each.

Details of new shares issued during the financial year 2022 are summarised as follows:

On 28 June 2022 the existing ordinary shares of 10 each were subdivided into an ordinary share of 1p value and a 
deferred share of 9p value. The authorised share capital of the Company remained the same despite the creation 
of 284,969,866 ordinary shares.

On 16 August 2022 the Company issued 21,400,000 new ordinary shares with nominal amount of £214,000, with 
share premium of £800,000 and £14,000 deducted from reserves in relation to value payment shares, as explained 
below. The gross proceeds amounted to £1,000,000 and were deferred under the Sharing Agreement. Share 
issues costs of £35,000 have been deducted from reserves. 

On 16 August 2022 the Company issued 1,818,182 new ordinary shares with nominal amount of £18,182 and gross 
proceeds of £90,909 with share premium of £72,727.

On 16 August 2022 the Company issued 19,000,000 new ordinary shares with nominal amount of £190,000  
and £760,000 share premium and gross proceeds of £950,000, with £46,125 of share issue costs deducted  
from reserves.

On 16 August 2022 the Company issued 200,000 new ordinary shares with nominal amount of £2,000 and gross 
proceeds of £10,000 with share premium of £8,000.

On 30 August 2022 L1 Capital Global Opportunities Master Fund (“L1”) exercised warrant options for 1,000,000 
new ordinary shares with nominal amount of £10,000 and gross proceeds of £50,000 with share premium  
of £40,000.

On 5 September 2022 L1 Capital Global Opportunities Master Fund (“L1”) exercised warrant options for 
2,000,000 new ordinary shares with nominal amount of £20,000 and gross proceeds of £100,000 with share 
premium of £80,000.

On 13 September 2022 L1 Capital Global Opportunities Master Fund (“L1”) exercised warrant options for 
3,000,000 new ordinary shares with nominal amount of £30,000 and gross proceeds of £150,000 with share 
premium of £120,000.

The total costs incurred in relation to the issue of new equity capital amounted to £165,679 which was debited 
against share premium.

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

77

Financial and Corporate Information

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

for the year ended 31 December 2022

20 

Share based payments
Equity-settled and warrants 
The Company adopted a new share option plan in March 2017 to replace the previous scheme, which had expired.

Details of the share options and warrants outstanding during the period are as follows:

Weighted 
average 
exercise 
price (£) 
of share 
options

Number 
of share 
options

Weighted 
average 
exercise 
price (£) of 
warrants 
options

Total number 
of options 
(Share 
options and 
Warrants 
options)

Number of 
warrants 
options

Outstanding as at 31 December 2021

17,112,500

0.58

93,682,604

0.11

110,795,104

Expired during 2022

Lapsed during 2022

Granted during 2022

     -

  -

-

-

-

-

6,750,000

0.08

57,768,304

Outstanding as at 31 December 2022

23,862,500

0.33

151,450,908

Exercisable as at 31 December 2021

12,412,500

Granted and exercisable during 2022

6,750,000

0.52

0.08

93,682,604

57,768,304

Lapsed during 2022

-

-

-

-

0.09

0.10

0.11

0.09

-

      -

   -

  64,518,304

175,313,408

106,095,104

 64,518,304

-

Exercisable as at 31 December 2022

19,162,500

0.30

151,450,908

0.10

170,613,408

The options and warrants outstanding as at 31 December 2022 had a weighted average remaining contractual life 
of 9 years.

Warrants issued in 2022 had a contractual life of 10 years.

The options and warrants outstanding as at 31 December 2022 had exercise prices between £0.05 and £1.530 
(2021: £0.10 and £1.530).

Equity-settled share option scheme
The total value of options granted during 2017, 2020 and 2022 was calculated using the Economic Research 
Institute’s Black-Scholes pricing model. The inputs into the pricing model were as follows:

Option grant date

30 March 
2017

13 July  
2017

24 November 
2017

1 December 
2017

25 November 
2020

22 December 
2022

22 December 
2022

Option value

£833,000 £400,950

£3,928,838

£707,760

£913,958

Share price at grant date       £0.5025 £0.5675

Exercise price

£0.5025 £0.5675

Volatility

Vesting period

Expected life

47%

47%

3 years

3 years

7 years

7 years

Expected dividend yield

0%

0%

£0.9862

£0.9862

51%

3 years

7 years

0%

£1.5300

£1.5300

52%

3 years

7 years

0%

£0.129

£0.20

144%

3 years

7 years

0%

£42,317

£0.0189

£0.11

143%

3 years

7 years

0%

£35,122

£0.0189

£0.05

143%

3 years

7 years

0%

Risk free interest rate

0.382% 0.382%

0.382%

0.382%

-0.024%

0.032%

0.032%

Expected volatility was determined by calculating the historical volatility of the Company’s share price to the 
date of the grant over a 3 year period. Expected life was determined by examining the exercise history of the 
Company’s option holders. No market-based conditions were used as inputs into the pricing model.

The total value of options granted during 2020 was calculated as above at £913,958. Of this amount, £25,388 has 
been charged in the financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2020. 

78

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

Financial and Corporate Information

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

for the year ended 31 December 2022

20 

Share based payments (continued)
Equity-settled share option scheme (continued)
For the year ended 31 December 2021, the Company has charged £616,427 for the value of share options in 
relation to grant from 2020. Out of this amount £311,774 was related to an accelerated charge in respect of 
leaving employees (including directors). 

For the year ended 31 December 2022, the Company has charged £159,868 for the value of share options in 
relation to grant from 2020 and 2022. The remaining balance of £189,713 will be charged over the next 3 financial 
years ending 31 December 2025. 

The total value of options granted during 2017 was calculated as above at £5,870,548. The total of this amount 
has been already charged in the financial statements in prior years and there is no remaining amount to be 
charged in the year ending 31 December 2022. (2021: £nil).

The total value of all other options granted in previous years has been fully charged in the financial statements in 
prior years.

Exercise price

No of warrants

Expected life

Warrants
Warrant holder/grant date

01/04/20 Stanford Capital

10/06/20 L1 Capital

10/06/20 Lind Capital

02/09/20 SI Capital Limited

02/09/20 Stanford Capital

23/12/21 Alora Pharmaceuticals, LLC

23/12/21 Lanstead Capital Investors LP

23/12/21 Chelverton Asset Management

£0.10

£0.05

£0.05

£0.11

£0.11

£0.11

£0.11

£0.11

16/08/22 Lanstead Capital Investors LP

£0.055

16/08/22 Stanford Capital 

16/08/22 Stanford Capital 

16/08/22 SI Capital Limited

£0.05

£0.05

£0.05

915,205

28,204,279

22,204,279

1,213,920

1,213,920

21,818,182

40,000,000

2,727,273

30,000,000

2,000,000

500,000

500,000

10 years

3 years

3 years

10 years

10 years

10 years

10 years

10 years

10 years

10 years

10 years

10 years

The above warrants have been granted in connection to the funding raised in 2020, 2021 and 2022. 

The warrants granted in 2020 have been valued based on estimated cost of service and it was calculated at 
£173,000. The warrants granted in 2021 were measured at fair value at the date of grant and were calculated at 
£1,349,000. The warrants granted in 2022 have been measured both using an estimate of fair value of services and 
where issued to Lanstead in exchange for not changing the benchmark of the previous sharing agreement, at the 
estimated change in value of that instrument that would otherwise have occurred. These have been calculated at 
£369,359.

The warrants issued to L1 Capital and Lind Capital in 2020 were initially at an exercise price of £0.11.  Following 
the share issue during 2022, the exercise price was changed to £0.05p and the number of warrants to each party 
increased proportionately from 12,870,127 to 28,204,279, some of which have since been exercised.

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

79

Financial and Corporate Information

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

for the year ended 31 December 2022

21  Cash used in operations

Group
31 December 
2022 
£

Group
31 December 
2021
£

Company
31 December 
2022
£

Company
31 December 
2021
£

Operating loss

(3,028,952)

(6,586,955)

(1,567,079)

(4,260,273)

Depreciation and amortisation

Loss on sale of fixed assets

Share-based payments

(Increase)/decrease in trade and other 
receivables

(Decrease)/increase in trade and other 
payables

(Gain)/loss on foreign exchange

117,563

939

159,874

114,119

-

4,312

939

4,459

-

616,423

129,799

568,157

(296,384)

(265,201)

37,900

(22,880)

(132,392)

(45,554)

896,798

2,370

(505,554)

-

483,767

(7,277)

Cash used in operations

(3,224,906)

(5,222,446)

(1,899,683)

(3,234,047)

22  Related party transactions

a) Group 

D Dimitriou received part of his remuneration through a consultancy company owned by him, Dragon Finance 
AG. During the year ImmuPharma AG was charged £nil (2021: £258,738) for the provision of management services 
by Dragon Finance AG. During the prior year, until his resignation in July 2021, D Dimitriou was a director of 
ImmuPharma (France) SA and ImmuPharma plc. All amounts received by D Dimitriou via Dragon Finance AG are 
incorporated in the remuneration table in the Directors Report on page 34.

Until the CEO appointment in July 2021, T McCarthy received £151,667 for the provision of Chairman’s fees 
through a service company owned by him, Unnamed Ltd. No such fees have been paid for the year ended 31 
December 2022. The comparative amounts received by T McCarthy via Unnamed Ltd are incorporated in the 
remuneration table in the Directors’ Report on page 33. T McCarthy is also Chairman on Incanthera Ltd. As of 31 
December 2022 ImmuPharma held 9,903,349 shares in Incanthera plc, representing a 12.97% position in the share 
capital of Incanthera plc.

During the year, ImmuPharma plc was charged £84,000 (2021: £84,000) for the provision of consultancy services by 
Just B Communications Limited, a company owned by L Baderoon.

During the year, an amount of £nil (2021: £124,297) was paid to the wife of Dr R Zimmer in respect of services 
provided to ImmuPharma plc, ImmuPharma (France) SA and Ureka Pharma SAS. During the year ImmuPharma AG 
was charged £nil (2021: £590,938) for the provision of consultancy services by Luca and Associates AG, a company 
which Dr R Zimmer is connected to. Of the amount of £590,938, £514,390 related to payments made to terminate 
the arrangement in the prior year. An amount of £nil (2021: £55,196) was also paid to the daughter of Dr R Zimmer 
in respect of services provided to ImmuPharma (France) and Ureka Pharma SAS.

b) Company

During the year ended 31 December 2022, management charges of £nil (2021: £304,480) were rendered by 
ImmuPharma plc to ImmuPharma (France) SA. This amount was due to the Company at 31 December 2022. The 
Company also loaned the sum of £344,839 (2021: £328,039) to ImmuPharma (France) SA during the year ended 31 
December 2022. The total balance due to the Company from ImmuPharma (France) SA at 31 December 2022 was 
£10,509,899 (2021: £9,601,086).  

80

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

Financial and Corporate Information

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

for the year ended 31 December 2022

22  Related party transactions (continued)

b) Company (continued)
During the year ended 31 December 2022, management charges of £97,983 (2021: £76,120) were rendered 
by ImmuPharma plc to Ureka Pharma SAS. This amount was due to the Company at the 31 December 2022. 
The Company also loaned the sum of £830,309 (2021: £526,695) to Ureka Pharma SAS during the year ended 
31 December 2022. The total balance due to the Company from Ureka Pharma SAS at 31 December 2022 was 
£3,667,549 (2021: 2,559,263).  

During the year ended 31 December 2022, management charges of £nil (2021: £86,448) were rendered by 
ImmuPharma plc to ImmuPharma AG. The total balance due to the Company from Immupharma AG at 31 
December 2022 was £nil (2021: £88,932).

23 

Financial instruments
The Group’s financial instruments comprise of cash and cash equivalents, investment in Incanthera plc, derivative 
financial asset, borrowings and items such as trade payables, which arise directly from its operations. The main 
purpose of these financial instruments is to provide finance for the Group’s operations.

The Group’s operations expose it to a variety of financial risks including liquidity risk, interest rate risk, equity 
price risk and foreign exchange rate risk.  Given the size of the Group, the directors have not delegated the 
responsibility of monitoring financial risk management to a sub-committee of the Board. The Company’s finance 
department implements the policies set by the Board of Directors.

The principal financial instruments used by the Group from which financial instrument risk arises are as follows:-

Trade and other receivables

Shares in listed entity

Warrants in listed entity

Derivative financial asset 

Cash and cash equivalents

Total financial assets

Financial liabilities – borrowings due within 1 year

Trade and other payables

Total financial liabilities

Year ended 
31 December 
2022 
£

Year ended 
31 December 
2021 
£

723,583

688,350

1,229

334,821

667,813

2,415,796

111

1,451,213

1,451,324

373,253

1,208,327

207,508

913,656

1,649,374

4,352,118

700

1,583,604

1,584,304

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

81

Financial and Corporate Information

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

for the year ended 31 December 2021

23 

Financial instruments (continued)
Liquidity risk
Group
The Group actively maintains a mixture of long term and short-term debt finance that is designed to ensure it has 
sufficient available funds for operations and planned expansions. The Group monitors its levels of working capital 
to ensure that it can meet its debt repayments as they fall due.

The following table shows the contractual maturities of the Group’s financial liabilities, all of which are measured 
at amortised cost:

At 31 December 2022

6 months or less

6 – 12 months

1 – 2 years

2 – 5 years

Total contractual cash flows

Carrying amount of financial liabilities measured at 
amortised cost

At 31 December 2021

6 months or less

6 – 12 months

1 – 2 years

2 – 5 years

Total contractual cash flows

Carrying amount of financial liabilities measured at 
amortised cost

Trade and 
other payables
£

Borrowings
£

Total
£

1,451,213

111

1,451,324

-

-

-

1,451,213

1,451,213

-

-

-

111

111

-

-

-

1,451,324

1,451,324

Trade and 
other payables
£

Borrowings
£

Total
£

1,583,604

700

1,584,304

-

-

-

1,583,604

1,583,604

-

-

-

700

700

-

-

-

1,584,304

1,584,304

Company
The Company’s financial liabilities comprise trade and other payables with a carrying amount equal to gross 
cash flows payable of £116,278 (2021: £645,936), accrued purchases with a carrying amount of £182,885 (2021: 
£110,698), all of which are payable within 6-12 months.

Interest rate risk
Group
The Group has both interest bearing assets and interest bearing liabilities. Interest bearing assets comprise cash 
and cash equivalents denominated in Sterling, the Euro, the Swiss Franc and the US Dollar which earn interest at a 
variable rate. The directors will revisit the appropriateness of this policy should the Group’s operations change in 
size or nature.

During the year, the Group’s cash and cash equivalents earned interest at a variable rate between 0.0% and 0.5% 
(2021: 0.0% and 0.5%).

As at 31 December 2022, if LIBOR had increased by 0.5% with all other variables held constant, the post-tax loss 
and equity would have been higher by £3,819 (2021: £18,728). Conversely, if LIBOR had fallen by 0.5% with all 
other variables held constant, the post-tax loss and equity would have been lower by £3,819 (2021: £18,728).

82

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

Financial and Corporate Information

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

for the year ended 31 December 2021

23 

Financial instruments (continued)
Interest rate risk (continued)
Group (continued)

Details of the terms of the Group’s borrowings are disclosed in note 17.

The Group also has non-interest bearing borrowings, which are carried at amortised cost, and therefore the risk 
is the change in the fair value of the borrowings. Changes in the market interest rates of these liabilities do not 
affect loss or equity and therefore no sensitivity analysis is required under IFRS 7.

Company
The Company has both interest bearing assets and interest bearing liabilities. Interest bearing assets comprise of 
cash and cash equivalents denominated in Sterling, which earn interest at a variable rate.  

During the year, the Company’s cash and cash equivalents earned interest at a variable rate between 0.0% and 
0.5%  (2021: 0.0% and 0.5%).

As at 31 December 2022, if LIBOR had increased by 0.5% with all other variables held constant, the post-tax loss 
would have been lower and equity would have been higher by £3,348 (2021: £16,739).  Conversely, if LIBOR had 
fallen by 0.5% with all other variables held constant, the post-tax loss would have been higher and equity would 
have been lower by £3,348 (2021: £16,739).

Foreign exchange rate risk
Group
The Group is exposed to foreign exchange rate risk as a result of having cash balances in Euros, Swiss Francs and 
US Dollars. During the year, the Group did not enter into any arrangements to hedge this risk, as the directors 
did not consider the exposure significant given the short-term nature of the balances. The Group will review this 
policy as appropriate in the future.

As at 31 December 2022, if the Euro had weakened 10% against Sterling with all other variables held constant, 
the post-tax profit and equity would have been lower by £14,523 (2021: £8,730).  Conversely, if the Euro had 
strengthened 10% against Sterling with all other variables held constant, the post-tax profit and equity would 
have been higher by £14,523 (2021: £8,730).  

As at 31 December 2022, if the US Dollar had weakened 10% against Sterling with all other variables held 
constant, the post-tax profit and equity would have been lower by £13 (2021: £100). Conversely, if the US Dollar 
had strengthened 10% against Sterling with all other variables held constant, the post-tax profit and equity would 
have been higher by £13 (2021: £100).

As at 31 December 2022, if the Swiss Franc had weakened 10% against Sterling with all other variables held 
constant, the post-tax profit and equity would have been lower by £1,032 (2021: £5,800). Conversely, if the Swiss 
Franc had strengthened 10% against Sterling with all other variables held constant, the post-tax profit and equity 
would have been higher by £1,032 (2021: £5,800).

Company
The Company is exposed to foreign exchange rate risk through the payment of non-Sterling amounts, 
intercompany balances in Euros and Swiss Francs and as a result of having cash balances in Euros and US Dollars. 
The Company’s convertible loan notes are also held in US Dollars. During the year, the Company did not enter 
into any arrangements to hedge this risk, as the directors did not consider the exposure significant. The Company 
will review this policy as appropriate in the future.

As at 31 December 2022, if the Euro had weakened 10% against Sterling with all other variables held constant, 
the post-tax profit and equity would have been lower by £4,423 (2021: £2,600). Conversely, if the Euro had 
strengthened 10% against Sterling with all other variables held constant, the post-tax profit and equity would 
have been higher by £4,423 (2021: £2,600).

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

83

Financial and Corporate Information

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

for the year ended 31 December 2021

23 

Financial instruments (continued)
Foreign exchange rate risk (continued)
Company (continued)

As at 31 December 2022, if the US Dollar had weakened 10% against Sterling with all other variables held 
constant, the post-tax profit and equity would have been lower by £13 (2021: £100). Conversely, if the US Dollar 
had strengthened 10% against Sterling with all other variables held constant, the post-tax profit and equity would 
have been higher £13 (2021: £100). 

Equity price risk
Group and Company
The Group holds the investment in shares in Incanthera plc, trading on AQSE, described in further detail in Note 
12. The Group and Company are exposed to equity price risk as the sale of any Incanthera plc shares will fluctuate 
depending on the future share price. If ImmuPharma sold its shares in Incanthera for 10% less than the Incanthera 
plc share price at year end, this would indicate a reduction in investment value of £68,823 which would increase 
the Group’s and Company’s loss by £68,823. If ImmuPharma sold its shares for 10% more than the Incanthera’s 
share price at year end, this would indicate an increase in fair value of £68,823 which would decrease the Group’s 
and Company’s loss by £68,823.

The Group has also entered into a derivative transaction during the year 2022, details of which can be found at 
note 14. The risk associated with this transaction is the variable consideration receivable, which depends on the 
Company’s share price. During the year, the Group did not enter into any arrangements to hedge this risk, as the 
directors did not consider the exposure significant given the short term nature of the balance. The Group will 
review this policy as appropriate in the future.

If the Company’s share price had weakened 10% with all other variables held constant, the post-tax loss would 
have been higher and equity would have been lower by £35,761. Conversely, if the Company’s share price had 
strengthened by 10% with all other variables held constant, the post-tax loss would have been lower and equity 
would have been higher by £35,761.

The following is a comparison by category of the carrying amounts and fair values of the Group’s financial assets 
and liabilities at 31 December 2022. Set out below the table is a summary of the methods and assumptions used 
for each category of instrument.

Trade and other receivables at 
amortised cost

Derivative financial asset

Shares in listed entity

Warrants in listed entity

Carrying 
amount 
2022
£

723,583

334,821

688,350

1,229

Fair
Value
2022
£

723,583

334,821

688,350

1,229

Financial liabilities at amortised cost

1,451,213

1,451,213

Carrying 
amount
2021
£

427,199

913,656

1,208,327

207,508

1,583,604

Fair
Value
2021
£

427,199

913,656

1,208,327

207,508

1,583,604

3,199,196

3,199,196

4,340,294

4,340,294

84

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

Financial and Corporate Information

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

for the year ended 31 December 2021

23 

Financial instruments (continued)
Equity price risk (continued)

Trade and other receivables at amortised cost
The fair value approximates to the carrying amount because of the short maturity of these instruments.

Derivative financial asset
The asset is recorded at fair value and is calculated based on ImmuPharma’s share price at the year end. 

Financial liabilities at amortised cost
The fair value approximates to the carrying amount because the majority are associated with variable-rate interest 
payments that are re-aligned to market rates at intervals of less than one year.

Shares in listed entity 
The balances are recorded at fair value and are determined by using published price quotations in the  
AQSE market.

Warrants in listed entity 
The balances are recorded at fair value and are determined by using a Black-Scholes valuation model.

Fair value measurement 
The Group measures the fair value of its financial assets and liabilities in the Statement of Financial Position in 
accordance with the fair value hierarchy. The hierarchy groups financial assets and liabilities into three levels 
based on the significance of inputs used in measuring the fair value of the financial assets and liabilities. The fair 
value hierarchy has the following levels:

Level 1 fair value measurements are those derived from unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical 
assets and liabilities;

Level 2 fair value measurements are those derived from inputs, other than quoted prices included within level 1, 
that are observable either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices);

Level 3 fair value measurements are those derived from valuation techniques that include inputs for the asset or 
liability that are not based on observable market data.

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

85

Financial and Corporate Information

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

for the year ended 31 December 2021

23 

Financial instruments (continued)
Equity price risk (continued)
Fair value measurement (continued)

The following table presents the Group’s financial assets that are measured at fair value at 31 December 2022:

Shares in listed entity 

Warrants in listed entity

Derivative financial asset

As at 31 December 2022

Level 1
£

-

-

-

Level 2
£

688,350

1,229

334,821

1,024,400

Level 3
£

-

-

-

Total
£

688,350

1,229

334,821

1,024,400

Summary of financial assets held at level 2 fair value:

As at 1 January 2022

Additions

Revaluation at fair value

As at 31 December 2022

Warrants in 
listed entity
£ 

Shares in 
listed entity
£

Total
£

207,508

1,208,327

1,415,835

-

-

-

(206,279)

(519,977)

(726,256)

1,229

688,350

689,579

The fair value has been assessed at 31 December 2022 and is based on the ImmuPharma Plc shareholding of 
12.97% of Incanthera plc.

Fair value brought forward

Fair value at inception

Payments received under Sharing Agreement

Net losses recognised in Income Statement

As at 31 December 2022

Derivative financial asset
£

913,656

1,000,000

(360,343)

(1,218,492)

334,821

The consideration receivable is variable depending on the Company’s share price and the derivative financial 
asset is revalued through the Income Statement with reference to the Company’s closing share price. The 
valuation methodology and inputs are detailed in note 14.

Capital Risk
Group and Company

The Group and Company considers its capital under management to be its cash and cash equivalents and 
share capital and reserves. The Group and Company’s overall objective in managing its capital is to support 
the strategic objectives of the business: the development of potential new drugs. Decisions regarding the 
management of capital are taken by the Board in conjunction with regular strategic planning and budget reviews.  

86

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

Financial and Corporate Information

Glossary of Technical Terms

‘biomarkers’  

measurable biological responses used as predictors of clinical effects. 

 ‘CRO’  

‘drug-like’  

‘Lupus’  

‘PDCT’  

‘peptide’  

‘Pharma’  

‘Phase 0’  

‘Phase 1’  

‘Phase 2’  

‘Phase 3’  

contract research organisation. 

having the potential to become a drug product candidate due to its physical and 
chemical characteristics. 

an autoimmune inflammatory disease of unknown etiology. 

peptide to drug converting technology. 

a molecule comprised of a series of amino acids (or a small subpart of a protein). 

abbreviation for “Pharmaceutical”; sometimes in the industry “pharma” also denotes 
a pharmaceutical company. 

the stage of development of a drug candidate before the first administration to man, 
during which all mandatory data required by regulatory bodies such as the FDA or the 
EMEA is generated and filed. 

the stage of development of a drug candidate during which it is administered to man 
(usually healthy volunteers) for the first time. Phase I studies are designed to assess 
primarily the safety and tolerability of the drug candidate and gather information on 
its ADME. This phase is also used whenever possible to evaluate surrogate markers 
which are indicative of the clinical efficacy of the drug candidate. 

the stage of development of a drug candidate during which therapeutic studies are 
conducted in limited numbers of patients using data generated in Phase I studies to 
determine dose regimen and primary efficacy, and to examine therapeutic outcomes 
and monitor safety in patients. 

the stage of development of a drug candidate during which it is tested in large 
scale pivotal trials on, typically, between 200 to 4000 patients to demonstrate 
overall efficacy, tolerability and safety with a dose regimen as determined in Phase 
II. The drug candidate must generally prove to be statistically better than placebo 
or the current best therapy in terms of efficacy, safety or quality of life.

ImmuPharma plc Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 2022

87