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Instem plc

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Employees 201-500
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FY2018 Annual Report · Instem plc
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A N N U A L 
R E P O R T
2018

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5

M o r e   t h a n   5 0 0 
c l i e n t s

Instem has over 500 
customers with its blue 
chip customer base 
consisting of the leading 
pharmaceutical, medical 
device, chemical and 
contract research 
organisations as well as 
academic, government 
and privately funded 
research institutions 
across many sites 
worldwide. These 
include all of the top 
25 pharmaceutical and 
biotech companies such 
as GlaxoSmithKline and 
AstraZeneca.

A n n u a l   R e p o r t

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CONTENTS

HIGHLIGHTS

CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT

STRATEGIC REPORT

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE STATEMENT

DIRECTORS’ REPORT

DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION REPORT

DIRECTORS’ RESPONSIBILITIES IN THE PREPARATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF INSTEM PLC

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION

COMPANY STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

COMPANY STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

CONSOLIDATED AND COMPANY STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

ACCOUNTING POLICIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DIRECTORS AND ADVISORS

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14

16

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25

26

30

31

32

33

34

35

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46

81

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A s   t h e   n u m b e r 

o n e   g l o b a l 

p r o v i d e r ,   w e 

e s t i m a t e   t h a t 

a p p r o x i m a t e l y 

h a l f   o f   t h e 

w o r l d ’ s 

p r e c l i n i c a l   d r u g 

s a f e t y   d a t a   h a s 

b e e n   c o l l e c t e d 

o v e r   t h e   l a s t 

2 0   y e a r s 

u s i n g   I n s t e m 

s o f t w a r e .

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P o w e r f u l   S o l u t i o n s   •   U n i q u e   P e r s p e c t i v e   •   G l o b a l   C o v e r a g e

Instem is a leading provider of IT solutions & services 
to  the  life  sciences  market  delivering  compelling 
solutions for Study Management and Data Collection; 
Regulatory Solutions for Submissions and Compliance; 
and Informatics-based Insight Generation.

Instem  solutions  are  in  use  by  over  500  customers 
worldwide, including all the largest 25 pharmaceutical 
companies,  enabling  clients  to  bring  life  enhancing 
products to market faster. Instem’s portfolio of software 
solutions  increases  client  productivity  by  automating 

study-related processes while offering the unique ability 
to generate new knowledge through the extraction and 
harmonisation of actionable scientific information.

Instem products and services now address aspects of the 
entire  drug  development  value  chain,  from  discovery 
through to market launch. Management estimate that 
over 50% of all drugs on the market have been through 
some  part  of  Instem’s  platform  at  some  stage  of  their 
development.  To  learn  more  about  Instem  solutions 
and its mission, please visit instem.com.

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H I G H L I G H T S

W i t h   i n c r e a s i n g   m o m e n t u m   i n   t h e   b u s i n e s s   f r o m   r e c e n t 

c o n t r a c t   w i n s   a n d   t h e   g r o w i n g   p i p e l i n e ,   w e   a r e   c o n f i d e n t 

a b o u t   t h e   o u t l o o k   f o r   t h e   G r o u p   f o r   2 0 1 9   a n d   b e y o n d .

F I N A N C I A L   H I G H L I G H T S

O P E R A T I O N A L   H I G H L I G H T S

•  Revenues increased 8% to £22.7m (2017 restated*: 

• 

£21.1m)
• 

Software as a Service (SaaS) revenues increased 
25% to £5.5m (2017: £4.4m)

SEND outsourced services contract wins with two 
top  five  global  non-clinical  Contract  Research 
Organisations  (“CROs”)  each  worth  in  excess  of 
£1m

•  Recurring revenues (annual support and SaaS) 

•  Growing  shift  towards  a  SaaS  based  delivery  and 

revenue model 

•  Contract win with leading Fortune 500 Company 
which  adopted  Samarind  RMS  solution  for  its 
worldwide  medical  products  regulatory  tracking 
system
500  additional  Provantis®  users  licensed  by  our 
largest CRO client

• 

increased 6% to £13.7m (2017: £12.9m)
•  Adjusted  EBITDA**  of  £4.1m  (2017  restated*: 

£2.4m)

•  Reported profit before tax of £1.7m (2017 restated*: 

£0.3m)

•  Basic  earnings  per  share  of  9.2p  (2017  restated*: 

4.1p)

•  Fully  diluted  earnings  per  share  of  8.7p  (2017 

restated*: 4.0p)

•  Adjusted***  fully  diluted  earnings  per  share  of 

15.5p (2017 restated*: 11.0p)

•  Net cash balance as at 31 December 2018 of £3.6m 

(2017: £3.1m)

*Restated due to the adoption of IFRS 15 and its impact on 
revenue recognition that accounts for £0.4m of additional revenue 
and £0.3m of EBITDA in FY18, which had previously been 
recognised in FY17.
**Earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, amortisation and 
non-recurring costs.
***After adjusting for the effect of foreign currency exchange 
on the revaluation of inter-company balances included in 
finance income/(costs), non-recurring items and amortisation of 
intangibles on acquisitions. Profit is adjusted in this way to provide 
a clearer measure of underlying operating performance.

6

We are very pleased with the performance 

of the business during 2018 with regulatory 

requirements delivering the expected significant 

increase in demand for our technology enabled 

outsourced services.

Growth was also particularly strong in the 

Asia-Pacific region, with bookings up 37% on 

the prior year, primarily attributable to the 

continuing funding of pharmaceutical Research 

& Development by the Chinese government.

With increasing momentum in the business 

from recent contract wins and the growing 

pipeline, we are confident about the outlook for 

the Group for 2019 and beyond.

While our strategy remains focused on Instem’s 

strong organic revenue growth, expanding 

operational gearing and improving positive 

cashflow, management will continue to 

consider complementary acquisition targets 

to further develop our position as a market 

leading provider of IT solutions to the global life 

sciences market.

P J Reason

Chief Executive

H i g h l i g h t s

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“We remain focused on achieving 

organic profitable growth, expanding 

margins and improving positive 

cashflow.”

D Gare

Non-Executive Chairman

C h a i r m a n ' s   S t a t e m e n t

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C H A I R M A N ' S   S T A T E M E N T

I am pleased to report a further year of profitable growth 
for  Instem,  with  improving  revenue,  earnings  and 
expanding operating margins.
All parts of the business: Study Management; Informatics; 
and Regulatory Solutions; made a positive contribution 
to  the  performance  of  the  Group.  Importantly,  our 
loyal  customer  base  contributed  increased  recurring 
revenue from support & maintenance contracts and SaaS 
subscriptions,  as  well  as  providing  very  encouraging 
levels  of  repeat  business  for  our  technology  enabled 
outsourced services.

R E S U L T S  A N D  I M P A C T  O F  I F R S  1 5

The Group is now required to report its financial results 
under  the  new  IFRS  15  “Revenue  from  contracts  with 
customers”  accounting  standard.  As  a  consequence, 
certain  adjustments  have  been  made  to  both  the  prior 
year  2017  and  2018  accounts  resulting  in  £0.6m  of 
revenue and £0.5m of EBITDA previously recognised in 
2017 spread into future years, of which £0.4m of revenue 
and £0.3m of EBITDA has been recognised in the 2018 
accounts.  Prior  to  the  adjustments  the  2018  results 
would have been revenues of £22.3m (2017: £21.7m) and 
EBITDA  of  £3.7m  (2017:  £3.0m).  Our  actual  reported 
results for 2018, post adjustments, are therefore revenues 
of £22.7m (2017: £21.1m) and EBITDA of £4.1m (2017: 
£2.4m).
The Board believes IFRS 15 will have no material effect 
on the Group’s 2019 expected reported performance.

C A S H

The  end  of  the  year  cash  balance  increased  to  £3.6m, 
which  was  less  than  previously  expected,  due  to  a 
number  of  delayed  customer  payments  that  have  now 
been received.

F I R M   F O U N D A T I O N S

and 

growth 

initiatives 

Organic 
complementary 
acquisitions completed over the past several years mean 
we  now  have  a  broad-based  product  portfolio  serving 
several  adjacent  market  segments  within  the  global 
life  sciences  sector.  These  diversified  revenue  sources 
improve  both  the  robustness  of  the  business  and  the 
quality of our earnings. 
Nevertheless, we continue to invest in our personnel and 
operations to ensure that we are fully prepared for future 
organic and acquisitive growth opportunities. 

and earnings, each of these showed progress in the year:
•  A focus on materially increasing SaaS based revenues. 
We intend to achieve this through a combination of 
new  business  wins  directly  onto  our  SaaS  platform 
and  accelerating  the  conversion  of  on-premise 
customers to SaaS, which will increase margins. SaaS 
based revenue increased 25% to £5.5m in the period;
•  The  expansion  of  “technology  enabled  outsourced 
services”,  where  2018  revenue  was  £3.3m  (2017:  
£1.1m) and new business orders were £6.5m:
•  We  remain  excited  by  the  potential  for  our 
SEND  services  business,  where  the  Group 
has  a  market  leading  offering  and  continues 
to  secure  the  majority  of  contracts  awarded. 
SEND outsourced services new business orders 
increased over 500% to £5.8m during the period; 
Instem’s KnowledgeScan augmented intelligence 
platform  has  now  gained  industry  recognition 
for 
its  Target  Safety  Assessment  solution. 
KnowledgeScan  new  business  orders  increased 
30% to £0.7m during the period; and

• 

•  Expansion  of  our  market  penetration  across  our 
existing client base, cross selling additional software 
and services.

It  was  a  particularly  successful  year  for  our  Study 
Management  solutions.  This  was  highlighted  by  the 
purchase  of  500  additional  Provantis  licenses  by  our 
largest  client,  Charles  River  Laboratories.  Our  Clinical 
business  continued  to  absorb  substantial  development 
resources,  leading  to  a  major  new  release  of  Alphadas 
in  early  March  2019  addressing  some  significant  client 
requirements.

S U M M A R Y

I am pleased with our progress in 2018 and believe that the 
foundations have now been laid for further operational 
and financial progress in 2019 and beyond.
Whilst  management  will 
to  pursue 
continue 
complementary  acquisition  targets  to  further  develop 
our position as a market leading provider of IT solutions 
to the global life sciences industry, we remain focused on 
achieving organic profitable growth, expanding margins 
and improving positive cashflow. 
Finally,  I  should  note  that  as  a  global  business,  with 
significant  recurring  revenues  and  with  the  majority  of 
our business outside Europe, we believe that the impact 
of Brexit, whatever the outcome, should be minimal.

S T R A T E G I C   D I R E C T I O N

Looking forward, we have several important elements to 
our  strategy  which  will  be  the  drivers  of  future  growth 

D Gare
Non-Executive Chairman

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S T R A T E G I C   R E P O R T

S T R A T E G I C   D E V E L O P M E N T

S T U D Y   M A N A G E M E N T

The  period  under  review  was  one  of  solid  progress 
across the Group, with the anticipated strong growth in 
technology  enabled  outsourced  services  and  a  higher 
than expected transition of clients to SaaS deployment.  
The  accelerated  growth  in  SaaS  revenue,  in  line  with 
our strategy, meant that there were fewer new perpetual 
software  licenses  than  planned  and  correspondingly 
lower  annual  support  and  maintenance  fees.    Total 
revenue  growth  was  therefore  slightly  lower  than 
anticipated, but careful cost control ensured that we met 
our full-year EBITDA target and enhanced margins.
We  have  now  largely  completed  the  investment  in 
our technology and resources to enable the Group to 
secure  a  leading  share  of  the  FDA’s  (Food  and  Drug 
for 
Administration)  mandated  SEND  (Standard 
Exchange  of  Non-clinical  Data)  market  and  to  cost 
effectively deliver high quality results using a blend of 
resources in the UK, US and India.
Certification to the Information Security Management 
Standard (ISO27001) in 2018 ensures compliance with 
EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and is 
an important competitive differentiator for the Group.
Completion  of  a  group-wide  deployment  of  Oracle 
NetSuite  provides  a  key  platform  for  operational  and 
financial  management,  enabling  the  Group  to  scale 
efficiently within the highly regulated markets in which 
it operates.

M A R K E T   R E V I E W

The pharmaceutical industry continues to represent a 
significant proportion of our total life sciences market 
and the record numbers of drugs in the R&D pipeline (a 
6% increase over the prior year) and a steadily increasing 
number  of  world-wide  pharmaceutical  companies 
has  provided  a  positive  business  environment.    The 
specific  customer  markets  in  which  Instem  operates 
remained  particularly  strong  in  2018,  with  record 
numbers  of  drugs  in  the  earlier  stages  of  the  R&D 
lifecycle.  This  underpins  robust  recurring  SaaS  and 
software maintenance contract renewal rates as well as 
bolstering the pipeline for new business revenue.
Growth was also particularly strong in the Asia-Pacific 
region,  which  represented  14%  of  total  revenue  in 
the  period,  significantly  helped  by  the  continuing 
substantial  funding  of  pharmaceutical  R&D  by  the 
Chinese government.

The  majority  of  new  business  deals  in  this  area  were 
of  modest  size,  as  expected,  with  the  exception  of  a 
significant  increase  in  Provantis  user  licenses  from 
our largest CRO client. There was generally solid order 
volume, particularly for Provantis, our market leading 
non-clinical  software  suite  for  organisations  engaged 
in  non-clinical  safety  studies,  where  additional  users, 
modules and upgrade projects underpinned the good 
momentum.
This  area  contributes  the  majority  of  our  annual 
recurring income and renewal rates remained high. It 
also  provides  the  greatest  opportunity  for  conversion 
of existing clients from on-premise to SaaS deployment 
and the internal project to accelerate this transition is 
building momentum. During 2018 the SaaS transition 
appealed to all types of customers. The move of long-
standing  clients  to  SaaS  deployment,  including  a  top 
three  chemical  company  and  another  existing  top 
20  pharma  client,  both  in  addition  to  upgrades  to 
Provantis  version  10,  provides  further  evidence  that 
any prior reluctance to make this move is evaporating.
Provantis  has  once  again  dominated  the  Chinese 
market  with  existing  clients  expanding  and  adding 
both users and modules.
Investment  to  enhance  Instem’s  early  phase  clinical 
product,  Alphadas,  was  increased  in  the  period  in 
response to current client needs. These enhancements 
will have wider market appeal going forward.

I N F O R M A T I C S

New  business  orders  for  KnowledgeScan,  which  can 
reduce the traditional cost of Target Safety Assessment 
(TSA)  development  by  up  to  50%,  increased  by  30% 
year-on-year,  mainly  from  repeat  customers,  which 
is  demonstrative  of  a  strong  and  recurring  revenue 
stream.
By outsourcing all, or augmenting some, of a customer’s 
TSA projects to Instem, clients are able to conduct more 
safety evaluations without increasing resources or costs. 
Driven  by  leading  stage  technology,  including  well 
proven artificial intelligence, Instem’s KnowledgeScan 
TSA service offers consistent, systematic and efficient 
processes that produce high quality reliable results.

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R E G U L A T O R Y   S O L U T I O N S

Regulatory Information Management

In  June,  we  announced  that  a  leading  Fortune  500 
Company  had  adopted  Instem’s  Samarind  RMS 
solution for its worldwide medical products regulatory 
tracking system. The contract is worth approximately 
US$750,000, incorporating both perpetual license and 
SaaS revenue streams, with c. 80% of the contract being 
recognised in 2018 and with annual recurring revenue 
of US$169,000.
Samarind  RMS  provides  medical  device  and 
pharmaceutical  companies  with  a  smarter  way  to 
manage  their  Product  Information,  facilitating  initial 
marketing  authorisation  and  supporting  ongoing 
regulatory  compliance.  The  product  is  optimised  to 
enable  these  companies  to  register  and  track  their 
regulated products worldwide by maintaining a single 
integrated database of all relevant information, which 
is  then  used  to  update  regulators  as  products  change 
over  time.  The  comprehensive  functionality  provided 
by Samarind RMS enables customers to systematically 
define and execute complex regulatory activities across 
a globally dispersed workforce whilst providing a single 
place  to  find,  analyse  and  act  on  a  wealth  of  product 
and regulatory information.

SEND

The  Regulatory  Solutions  business  performed  well  in 
2018  following  the  December  2017  FDA  mandate  of 
the  Standard  for  the  Exchange  of  Non-clinical  Data. 
SEND  technology  enabled  outsourced  services  was 
particularly strong with new order value in 2018 over 
500% higher than the prior period.
To  help  manage  this  additional  workflow  effectively, 
Instem recruited an additional 29 staff to its outsourced 
services team in 2018; 21 in India, four in the US and 
four in the UK, making 47 in total globally, substantially 
more  than  our  competitors.  While  expansion  will 
continue in 2019, the rate of recruitment is moderating 
as  the  existing  team  becomes  fully  billable  and  our 
technology platform and processes are optimised and 
leveraged to increase study throughput.

F I N A N C I A L   R E V I E W

fees, 

Instem’s  revenue  model  consists  of  perpetual  licence 
income  with  annual  support  and  maintenance 
contracts,  professional 
technology  enabled 
outsourced services fees and SaaS subscriptions. 
The Group is now required to report its financial results 
under the new IFRS 15 “Revenue from contracts with 
customers”  accounting  standard.  As  a  result,  certain 
adjustments have been made to both the prior year 2017 

to 

and 2018 accounts, resulting in £0.6m of revenue and 
£0.5m of EBITDA previously recognised in 2017 spread 
into future years of which £0.4m of revenue and £0.3m 
of EBITDA has been recognised in the 2018 accounts. 
Prior  to  the  adjustments  the  2018  results  would  have 
been revenues of £22.3m (2017: £21.7m) and EBITDA 
of £3.7m (2017: £3.0m). The actual reported results for 
2018, post adjustments, are revenues of £22.7m (2017: 
£21.1m) and EBITDA of £4.1m (2017: £2.4m). After a 
review during 2018 of the Group’s revenue recognition 
policy the Group concluded it was compliant with the 
new standard (IFRS 15) for recognising the majority of 
its revenues. 
Three  contracts  for  sales  of  software  licences  were 
identified 
the 
that  required  an  amendment 
accounting treatment that had been originally applied 
to comply with the new standard, two where the licence 
revenue  had  been  recognised  in  full  in  2017  and  one 
which had accelerated revenue in 2018. The nature of 
the adjustments had the effect of spreading the revenue 
from  the  respective  licence  sales  over  the  contract 
period  on  a  straight-line  basis  rather  than  taking  all 
the licence income to profit at the point of shipment. A 
more thorough explanation of the impact on revenue 
and EBITDA in 2018 and 2017 from adopting IFRS 15 
in  2018  and  the  corresponding  updated  accounting 
policy  on  revenue  recognition  applied  during  2018 
is  set  out  in  the  accounting  policies.  All  prior  period 
comparisons that have been impacted by IFRS 15 have 
been restated and designated as such.
A key performance indicator of the Group is recurring 
revenue.  During the year, the total recurring revenue, 
from  support  &  maintenance  contracts  and  SaaS 
subscriptions, increased 6% to £13.7m (2017: £12.9m), 
representing 60% of total revenue (2017: 61%). 
Operating  costs  reflected  prudent  control  whilst 
investing  in  the  future  by  continuing  to  build  the 
infrastructure  to  support  the  Group’s  expansion 
plans,  which  included  the  successful  implementation 
of  Oracle  NetSuite,  a  new  financial  accounting  and 
reporting system. The Group benefited from a full year 
of  the  cost  savings  realised  during  2017  with  overall 
costs remaining flat year on year despite the growth in 
revenues, thus contributing to a much-improved profit 
performance.
Earnings  before 
tax,  depreciation  and 
items  (“Adjusted 
amortisation  and  non-recurring 
EBITDA”)  for  the  year  was  £4.1m  (2017:  £2.4m  as 
restated)  after  adding  the  net  positive  impact  of  the 
IFRS 15 adjustments.  The EBITDA margin increased 
in the year to 17.8% from 11.5% in 2017. 

interest, 

1 1

S T R A T E G I C   R E P O R T   ( C O N T I N U E D )

Adjusted profit before tax (i.e. adjusting for the effect 
of  foreign  currency  exchange  on  the  revaluation  of 
inter-company  balances  included  in  finance  costs, 
non-recurring  items  and  amortisation  of  intangibles 
on acquisitions) was £2.8m (2017: £1.4m as restated).  
The unadjusted reported profit before tax for the year 
was £1.7m (2017: £0.3m).
The  non-recurring  costs  in  the  year  included  £0.4m 
of  legal  and  professional  fees,  plus  a  £0.1m  estimated 
provision created for the cost of GMP equalisation in 
the Group’s defined benefit pension scheme. The actual 
cost to the scheme is being calculated by the scheme’s 
pension  advisers  with  the  scheme’s  trustees  and  will 
be  reflected  in  a  future  actuarial  calculation  of  the 
scheme’s liabilities. 
Development  costs  incurred  during  the  year  were 
£3.1m  (2017:  £3.3m),  of  which  £1.5m  (2017:  £1.5m) 
was  capitalised.  The  Group  claimed  research  and 
development  tax  credits  in  respect  of  the  prior  year 
2017 of £0.5m (2017 in respect of 2016: £0.6m). At the 
year-end the Group had estimated available trading tax 
losses to offset future trading profits of £2.9m.
Basic  and  fully  diluted  earnings  per  share  calculated 
on an adjusted basis were 16.4p and 15.5p, respectively 
(2017: 11.3p basic and 11.0p fully diluted, as restated).  
The reported basic and fully diluted earnings per share 
were 9.2p and 8.7p, respectively (2017: 4.1p basic and 
4.0p fully diluted).
The Group generated net cash from operating activities 
of £2.2m (2017: £1.4m), assisted by a net cash inflow 
on tax following the R&D tax credit claim.  The Group 
had net cash reserves of £3.6m at 31 December 2018, 
compared  with  £3.1m  as  at  31  December  2017.    The 
Group  paid  the  previously  flagged  final  instalment 
of  £0.2m  in  respect  of  deferred  consideration  during 
the  year,  which  extinguished  the  remaining  liability 
in  respect  of  prior  period  acquisitions.  The  Group 
continued  to  invest  in  its  comprehensive  suite  of 
software  products  through  its  own  development 
teams, representing the majority of the £1.5m spent on 
intangible assets in the year (2017: £1.5m). 
The  Group’s  legacy  defined  benefit  pension  scheme 
has remained closed to new members since 2000 and 
to future accrual since 2008. During the year the April 
2017 actuarial valuation was concluded and the impact 
was reflected in the IAS19 calculation at 31 December 
2018.  The valuation resulted in a substantial net decrease 
of £1.6m in the funding deficit moving from £3.8m in 

2017  to  £2.2m  in  2018,  the  main  impact  (circa  £1m) 
arising from the valuation of certain liabilities on a CPI 
rather than RPI basis following Counsel’s ruling. This 
represents  a  substantial  benefit  to  the  Group  and  has 
been reflected in the future agreed cash contributions 
which  will  remain  around  an  annual  level  of  £0.5m 
payable through to October 2024, by when the funding 
liability  is  scheduled  to  be  eliminated.  The  overall 
deficit  at  the  year-end  stood  at  £2.2m  (2017:  £3.8m), 
represented by the fair value of assets of £10.4m (2017: 
£10.8m) and the present value of funded obligations of 
£12.6m  (2017:  £14.5m).  The  next  triennial  valuation 
will be calculated as at 5 April 2020.

U P D A T E   O N   H I S T O R I C 
C O N T R A C T   D I S P U T E

As  originally  highlighted  in  the  preliminary  results 
announcement for the year ended 31 December 2017, 
released  on  26  March  2018,  the  Group  made  a  cost 
provision related to historical contract disputes.
A dispute, which does not affect ongoing operations of 
the Group, is now being heard by the German courts, 
with the initial hearing held on 22 January 2019.  Instem 
has  taken  legal  advice  and  is  defending  the  action. 
The Group strongly believes that the claim should be 
dismissed.  Notwithstanding  this,  the  cost  provision 
made in 2017 will be maintained in the 2018 accounts.
Further  announcements  will  be  made  as  and  when 
appropriate.

P R I N C I P A L   R I S K S   A N D 
U N C E R T A I N T I E S

The directors consider that the global pharmaceutical 
market  is  likely  to  continue  to  provide  growth 
opportunities for the business. The combination of the 
high  level  of  annual  support  renewals  and  low  levels 
of  customer  attrition  provides  revenue  visibility  to 
underpin  the  Group  strategy  on  product  and  market 
development.
The  Group  seeks  to  mitigate  exposure  to  all  forms  of 
risk  through  a  combination  of  regular  performance 
review and a comprehensive insurance programme.
The global nature of the market means that the Group 
is  exposed  to  currency  risk  as  a  consequence  of  a 
significant proportion of its revenue being earned in US 
Dollars, some of which is mitigated by operating costs 
incurred by its US operation.  The Group continually 

1 2

targets  to  further  develop  our  position  as  a  market 
leading  provider  of  IT  solutions  to  the  global  life 
sciences market.

On behalf of the Board

P J Reason
Chief Executive 
25 April 2019

assesses  the  most  appropriate  approach  to  managing 
its  currency  exposure  in  line  with  the  overall  goal  of 
achieving predictable earnings growth. The Group also 
generates  material  cash  reserves  through  its  Chinese 
subsidiary that are not readily available to the UK group 
at short notice and as such the Group has to maintain 
sufficient working capital headroom to accommodate 
any delays in repatriating cash from China.
The  Group’s  credit  risk  is  primarily  attributable  to  its 
trade receivables and the Group has policies in place to 
ensure that sales of products and services are made to 
customers with appropriate creditworthiness. 
The  Group  manages  liquidity  risk  through  regular 
cash  flow  forecasting  and  monitoring  of  cash  flows, 
management  review  and  regular  review  of  working 
capital  and  costs.    The  Group  regularly  monitors  its 
available headroom under its borrowing facilities.  At 
31 December 2018, its £0.5m bank facility was undrawn 
(2017: £2.0m facility undrawn).
Brexit – whilst the outcome of Brexit remains uncertain, 
there is always the associated risk of adverse implications 
for  the  business,  including  the  impact  on  exchange 
rate fluctuations. However, the Group has experienced 
no  negative  impact  on  its  business  to  date  and  does 
not  expect  to  do  so  in  the  future.  Instem  operates  in 
a  global  market  with  a  multinational  customer  base 
and  its  revenues  and  costs  spread  around  the  globe 
without over reliance on Europe or exposure to it. The 
2016  acquisition  of  Notocord  in  France  provides  the 
Group with a presence in Europe that we expect to help 
mitigate  any  impact  that  might  arise  from  the  Brexit 
outcome.    The  Group  will  continue  to  monitor  the 
progress of the Brexit situation and its possible effects.

O U T L O O K

We  are  very  pleased  with  the  performance  of  the 
business  during  2018  with  regulatory  requirements 
delivering the expected significant increase in demand 
for  our  technology  enabled  outsourced  services.
Growth  was  also  particularly  strong  in  the  Asia-
Pacific  region,  with  bookings  up  37%  on  the  prior 
year, primarily attributable to the continuing funding 
of  pharmaceutical  Research  &  Development  by  the 
Chinese government.
With  increasing  momentum  in  the  business  from 
recent contract wins and the growing pipeline, we are 
confident about the outlook for the Group for 2019 and 
beyond.
While our strategy remains focused on Instem’s strong 
organic  revenue  growth,  expanding  operational 
gearing and improving positive cashflow, management 
will  continue  to  consider  complementary  acquisition 

1 3

B O A R D   O F   D I R E C T O R S

Non-executive Chairman

Chief Executive Officer

D a v i d   G a r e

P h i l   R e a s o n

David was a founder member 
of the Company’s former 
parent, Instem Limited, and 
led the resulting businesses 
through most of their history. 
David successfully achieved 
a succession of strategic 
developments for Instem 
Limited, including its sale to 
Kratos Inc. in 1976, its MBO in 
1983, its flotation on the USM 
in 1984, its flotation on the 
Official List in 1996, its public 
to private and demerger in 
1998 and the buyout of Instem 
LSS Limited from Alchemy 
Partners in 2002. Throughout, 
David has concentrated 
on value creation through 
achievement of a strong market 
position. 

Phil is an experienced chief 
executive who has developed 
a number of IT businesses in 
the life sciences and nuclear 
industries, both organically 
and through acquisition. 
Phil joined the former parent 
Company, Instem Limited, 
in 1982 and was appointed 
Managing Director of the 
Life Sciences division in 1995 
and Chief Executive Officer 
of Instem LSS Limited on the 
demerger from Instem Limited. 
Given the importance of the 
North American market to 
Instem’s organic and acquisitive 
growth, Phil relocated from 
the UK to the US in 2003 and 
established a new headquarters 
in the Philadelphia area. Phil 
previously ran Instem Limited’s 
Nuclear and Laboratory 
Information Management 
Systems integration businesses.

1 4

Chief Financial Officer

Non-executive Director

Non-executive Director

N i g e l   G o l d s m i t h

M i k e   M c G o u n

D a v i d   S h e r w i n

Mike has a wealth of 
management experience 
within the IT industry. He 
spent 10 years at IBM prior 
to co-founding a successful 
ComputerLand franchise 
in 1984. In 1994, Mike 
moved to SkillsGroup plc as 
a main board director, with 
responsibility for corporate 
development and later as a 
non-executive director. Mike 
was founder and non-executive 
Chairman of Tikit Group plc 
prior to its disposal to BT plc 
in 2012. 

David is a qualified 
Management Accountant 
and holds an MBA from 
Staffordshire University. He 
joined Instem Limited as a 
trainee accountant in 1973 and 
was appointed Chief Financial 
Officer in 1979. He has worked 
closely with David Gare on all 
of the subsequent transactions 
involving Instem Limited 
and Instem LSS Limited 
including participating in the 
management buyout of Instem 
Limited in 1983, the flotation 
on the USM in 1984, the 
flotation on the Official List in 
1996 and the demerger of the 
business in 1998.

Nigel, who joined Instem 
in November 2011, has a 
wealth of experience in senior 
financial roles, at both public 
and private companies within 
the pharmaceutical industry. 
After qualifying as a Chartered 
Accountant, Nigel spent over 
nine years at KPMG prior to 
moving into industry. Nigel 
was Finance Director for 
three years at AIM listed, 
pharmaceutical and medical 
company, IS Pharma plc. 
He also spent a seven-year 
tenure as CFO at Almedica 
International Inc, a privately 
held supplier of clinical trial 
materials to the pharmaceutical 
and biotech industry in Europe 
and the US and two years as 
European Controller for the 
sales and marketing division 
of laboratory equipment 
manufacturer, Life Sciences 
International plc.

1 5

C O R P O R A T E   G O V E R N A N C E   S T A T E M E N T

In  accordance  with  AIM  Notice  50  issued  by  the 
London  Stock  Exchange,  8  March  2018,  the  Group 
has adopted the Corporate Governance Guidelines for 
Small and Medium Size Quoted Companies published 
by the Quoted Companies Alliance (the QCA Code).
The main features of the Group’s corporate governance 
procedures, in relation to the 10 Principles of the QCA 
Code, are set out in the full QCA Code Compliance at 
www.investors.instem.com/corporate/governance.php
Given  the  size  of  the  Group  the  Board  has  decided 
to  follow  the  code  issued  by  the  Quoted  Companies 
Alliance as a framework as it seeks to maintain a strong 
governance  ethos  throughout  the  Group.    The  Board 
recognises  its  overall  responsibility  for  the  Group’s 
systems  of  internal  control  and  for  monitoring  their 
effectiveness. 
The main features of the Group’s corporate governance 
procedures are as follows:
a. 

the  Board  has  one  independent  non-executive 
director who takes an active role in Board matters;
the Group has an Audit Committee, a Remuneration 
Committee  and  a  Nomination  Committee,  each 
of  which  consists  of  the  non-executive  directors, 
and  meets  regularly  with  executive  directors  in 
attendance  by  invitation.  The  Audit  Committee 
has unrestricted access to the Group's auditor and 
ensures  that  auditor  independence  has  not  been 
compromised;

b. 

c.  all  business  activity  is  organised  within  a  defined 
structure  with  formal  lines  of  responsibility  and 
delegation  of  authority,  including  a  schedule  of 
"matters referred to the Board"; and

d.  regular monitoring of key performance indicators 
and financial results together with comparison of 
these against expectations.

A U D I T   C O M M I T T E E

The  Audit  Committee  comprises  M  F  McGoun 
(Chairman), D Gare and D M Sherwin, all of whom are 
non-executive directors of the Company. The Board is 
satisfied  that  the  Audit  Committee  has  all  the  recent 
and relevant financial experience required to fulfil the 
role. 
Appointments  to  the  Audit  Committee  are  made 
by  the  Board  in  consultation  with  the  Nomination 
Committee and the chairman of the Audit Committee.  
The  Audit  Committee    has  met  once  during  the  year 

1 6

and may meet at any other time as required by either 
the  chairman  of  the  Audit  Committee,  the  Chief 
Financial Officer of the Group or the external auditor 
of the Group.  In addition, the Audit Committee shall 
meet with the external auditor of the Group (without 
any of the executives attending) at any time during the 
year as it deems fit. 
The Audit Committee:
a.  monitors  the  financial  reporting  and  internal 
financial control principles of the Group;maintains 
appropriate relationships with the external auditor 
including  considering 
the  appointment  and 
remuneration of the external auditor and reviews 
and monitors the external auditor’s independence 
and  objectivity  and  the  effectiveness  of  the  audit 
process;

c. 

b.  reviews  all  financial  results  of  the  Group  and 
financial statements, including all announcements 
in respect thereof before submission of the relevant 
documents to the Board;
reviews  and  discusses  (where  necessary)  any 
issues  and  recommendations  of  the  external 
auditor including reviewing the external auditor’s 
management letter and management's response;
d.  considers all major findings of internal operational 
audit  reviews  and  management's  response  to 
internal  and 
ensure  co-ordination  between 
external auditor;
reviews the Board's statement on internal reporting 
systems and keeps the effectiveness of such systems 
under review; and
considers  all  other  relevant  findings  and  audit 
programmes of the Group.

e. 

f. 

The Audit Committee is authorised to:
a. 
investigate any activity within its terms of reference;
b.  seek any information it requires from any employee 

of the Group; and

c.  obtain,  at  the  Group’s  expense,  outside  legal  or 
other  independent  professional  advice  and  to 
secure the attendance of such persons to meetings 
as it considers necessary and appropriate.

R E M U N E R A T I O N   C O M M I T T E E

The Remuneration Committee comprises M F McGoun 
(Chairman), D Gare and D M Sherwin, all of whom are 
non-executive directors of the Company.

A T T E N D A N C E   A T   B O A R D   A N D   C O M M I T T E E   M E E T I N G S 

Attendances of directors at Board and Committee meetings convened in the period, along with the number of 
meetings they were invited to attend, are set out below:

No. of meetings attended / No. of meetings invited to attend

Board Meetings

Audit 
Committee

Remuneration 
Committee

Nomination
Committee

Executive Directors

P J Reason

N J Goldsmith

Non-Executive Directors

D Gare

D M Sherwin

M F McGoun

12/12

12/12

12/12

12/12

12/12

1/1

1/1

1/1

1/1

1/1

2/2

1/1

2/2

2/2

2/2

0/0

0/0

1/1

1/1

1/1

The  members  of  the  Remuneration  Committee  are 
appointed  by  the  Board  on  recommendation  from 
the  Nomination  Committee,  in  consultation  with  the 
Chairman of the Remuneration Committee.  The Chief 
Executive Officer of the Group is normally invited to 
meetings  of  the  Remuneration  Committee  to  discuss 
the performance of other executive directors but is not 
involved  in  any  of  the  decisions.  The  Remuneration 
Committee invites any person it thinks appropriate to 
join the members of the Remuneration Committee at 
its meetings.  
The  Remuneration  Committee  meets  at  least  once 
a  year  and  any  other  time  as  required  by  either  the 
Chairman  of  the  Remuneration  Committee  or  the 
Chief Financial Officer of the Group.
The Remuneration Committee:
a.  ensures  that  the  executive  directors  are  fairly 
rewarded  for  their  individual  contributions  to 
the  overall  performance  of  the  Group  but  also 
ensures that the Group avoids paying more than is 
necessary for this purpose;

b.  considers  the  remuneration  packages  of  the 
executive  directors  and  any  recommendations 
made by the Chief Executive Officer for changes to 
their  remuneration  packages  including  in  respect 
of  bonuses  (including  associated  performance 
criteria),  other  benefits,  pension  arrangements 
and other terms of their service contracts and any 
other  matters  relating  to  the  remuneration  of  or 
terms  of  employment  applicable  to  the  executive 
directors that may be referred to the Remuneration 
Committee by the Board;

c.  oversees  and  reviews  all  aspects  of  the  Group’s 
share  option  schemes  including  the  selection  of 

eligible  directors  and  other  employees  and  the 
terms of any options granted;

d.  demonstrates to the Group’s shareholders that the 
remuneration of the executive directors is set by an 
independent committee of the Board; and

e.  considers  and  makes  recommendations  to  the 
Board  about  the  public  disclosure  of  information 
about 
the  executive  directors'  remuneration 
packages  and  structures  in  addition  to  those 
required by law or by the London Stock Exchange.
The  Chairman  of  the  Remuneration  Committee 
reports  formally  to  the  Board  on  its  proceedings 
after  each  meeting  on  all  matters  within  its  duties 
and  responsibilities.  The  Remuneration  Committee 
produces  an  annual  report  which  is  included  in  the 
Group’s annual report and accounts.
The Remuneration Committee is authorised to:
a. 
investigate any activity within its terms of reference;
b.  seek any information it requires from any employee 

of the Group;

c.  assess  the  remuneration  paid  by  other  UK  listed 
companies  of  a  similar  size  in  any  comparable 
industry sector and to assess whether changes to the 
executive  directors’  remuneration  is  appropriate 
for  the  purpose  of  making  their  remuneration 
competitive  or  otherwise  comparable  with  the 
remuneration paid by such companies; and

d.  obtain,  at  the  Group’s  expense,  outside  legal  or 
other  independent  professional  advice,  including 
independent  remuneration  consultants,  when  the 
Remuneration  Committee  reasonably  believes  it 
is necessary to do so and secure the attendance of 
such persons to meetings as it considers necessary 
and appropriate. 

1 7

C O R P O R A T E   G O V E R N A N C E   S T A T E M E N T   ( C O N T I N U E D )

N O M I N A T I O N   C O M M I T T E E

d. 

The  Nomination  Committee  comprises  D  Gare 
(Chairman),  M  F  McGoun  and  D  M  Sherwin,  all  of 
whom are non-executive directors of the Company.
Appointments to the Nomination Committee are made 
by the Board, in consultation with the Chairman of the 
Nomination Committee. 
The  Nomination  Committee  may  invite  any  person 
it  thinks  appropriate  to  join  the  members  of  the 
Nomination Committee at its meetings. 
The Nomination Committee:
a. 

reviews  the  structure,  size  and  composition 
(including  skills,  knowledge  and  experience) 
required  of  the  Board  compared  to  its  current 
position and makes recommendations to the Board 
with regard to any changes;

b.  gives full consideration to succession planning for 
directors and other senior executives in the course 
of its work, taking into account the challenges and 
opportunities facing the Group, and what skills and 
expertise are needed on the Board in the future;
is  responsible  for  identifying  and  nominating  for 
the approval of the Board, candidates to fill Board 
vacancies as and when they arise; and

c. 

d.  evaluates  the  balance  of  skills,  knowledge  and 
experience  on  the  Board  before  an  appointment 
is made and, in light of this evaluation, prepares a 
description of the role and capabilities required for 
a particular appointment.

the  Nomination  Committee 
The  Chairman  of 
reports formally to the Board on its proceedings after 
each  meeting  on  all  matters  within  its  duties  and 
responsibilities. 
The  Nomination 
recommendations to the Board concerning:
a. 

formulating plans for succession for both executive 
and non-executive directors and in particular the 
key  roles  of  Chairman  of  the  Board  and  Chief 
Executive Officer;

also  makes 

Committee 

c. 

b.  membership  of  the  Audit  and  Remuneration 
Committees, in consultation with the chairmen of 
those committees;
the re-appointment of any non-executive director 
at  the  conclusion  of  their  specified  term  of  office 
having given due regard to their performance and 
ability  to  continue  to  contribute  to  the  Board  in 
the  light  of  the  knowledge,  skills  and  experience 
required;

1 8

the  re-election  by  shareholders  of  any  director 
under  the  “retirement  by  rotation”  provisions  in 
the  Company’s  articles  of  association  having  due 
regard to their performance and ability to continue 
to  contribute  to  the  Board  in  the  light  of  the 
knowledge, skills and experience required;

e.  matters relating to the continuation in office of any 
director  at  any  time  including  the  suspension  or 
termination of service of an executive director as 
an employee of the Group subject to the provisions 
of the law and his/her service contract; and
the  appointment  of  any  director  to  executive  or 
other office other than to the positions of Chairman 
of  the  Board  and  Chief  Executive  Officer,  the 
recommendation  for  which  would  be  considered 
at a meeting of the full Board.

f. 

legal  or  other 

The Nomination Committee is authorised to:
a. 
investigate any activity within its terms of reference;
b.  seek any information it requires from any employee;
independent 
c.  obtain  outside 
professional  advice  at  the  Group’s  expense  when 
the Nomination Committee reasonably believes it 
is necessary to do so; and
instruct external professional advisors to attend any 
meeting at the Group’s expense if the Nomination 
Committee  considers  this  reasonably  necessary 
and appropriate. 

d. 

I N T E R N A L   C O N T R O L S

The  directors  are  responsible  for  establishing  and 
maintaining  the  Group’s  system  of  internal  control 
and reviewing its effectiveness. The system of internal 
control  is  designed  to  manage  rather  than  eliminate 
the  risk  of  failure  to  achieve  business  objectives  and 
can only provide reasonable but not absolute assurance 
against material misstatement or loss.
The Board and senior executives meet to review both 
the risks facing the business and the controls established 
to  minimise  those  risks  and  their  effectiveness  in 
operation on an ongoing basis. The aim of these reviews 
is  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  that  material  risks 
and  problems  are  identified  and  appropriate  action 
taken at an early stage.

On behalf of the Board

M F McGoun
Independent Non-Executive Director

T h e   B o a r d 

r e c o g n i s e s 

i t s   o v e r a l l 

r e s p o n s i b i l i t y 

f o r   t h e   G r o u p ’ s 

s y s t e m s   o f   i n t e r n a l 

c o n t r o l   a n d   f o r 

m o n i t o r i n g   t h e i r 

e f f e c t i v e n e s s . 

C o r p o r a t e   G o v e r n a n c e   S t a t e m e n t

1 9

D I R E C T O R S '   R E P O R T

The  directors  submit  their  report  and  the  Group  and 
Company  financial  statements  of  Instem  plc  for  the 
year ended 31 December 2018.
Instem  plc  is  a  public  limited  company,  incorporated 
and domiciled in England, and quoted on AIM.

P R I N C I P A L   A C T I V I T I E S

Instem  is  a  leading  supplier  of  IT  applications  to  the 
life sciences healthcare market, delivering compelling 
solutions for data collection, management and analysis 
across  the  R&D  continuum.  Instem  applications  are 
in  use  by  customers  worldwide,  meeting  the  rapidly 
expanding  needs  of 
life  science  and  healthcare 
organisations for data-driven decision making leading 
to safer, more effective products.
Instem's portfolio of software solutions increases client 
productivity  by  automating  study-related  processes 
while  offering  the  unique  ability  to  generate  new 
knowledge through the extraction and harmonisation 
of actionable scientific information.

R E V I E W   O F   T H E   B U S I N E S S 

A detailed review of the development and performance 
of the Group’s business during the year and its position 
at  the  end  of  the  year  is  set  out  in  the  Chairman’s 
Statement and the Strategic Report on pages 8 to 13.

S T R A T E G I C   R E P O R T

The  Company  has  chosen 
in  accordance  with 
Companies  Act  2006,  section  414C  (11)  to  set  out 
in  the  Company’s  strategic  report  on  pages  10  to  13 
information required to be contained in the Directors’ 
Report  by  Large  and  Medium-sized  Companies  and 
Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2008, Sch. 
7, where not already disclosed in the Directors’ Report.

F U T U R E   D E V E L O P M E N T S

The  directors  consider  that  the  continued  investment 
in  product  and  market  development  will  allow  the 
business  to  grow  organically  in  its  core  markets. 
Investment  in  business  growth  initiatives  will  also 
allow  the  business  to  move  into  new  product  and 
market areas. The combination of organic growth along 
with  strategic  acquisitions  will  support  the  expected 
growth  as  outlined  in  the  Chairman’s  Statement  and 
the Strategic Report.

R E S E A R C H   A N D   D E V E L O P M E N T 
A C T I V I T I E S

The  Group  continues  its  development  programme 
of  software  for  the  global  pharmaceutical  market 
including  the  research  and  development  of  new 
products  and  enhancement  to  existing  products.  The 
directors  consider  the  investment  in  research  and 
development  to  be  fundamental  to  the  success  of  the 
business in the future.

D I V I D E N D S

The  directors  do  not  recommend  the  payment  of  a 
dividend.

D I R E C T O R S

The following directors held office during the year:
D Gare
M F McGoun
D M Sherwin
P J Reason
N J Goldsmith 
Details  of  the  directors’  service  contracts  and  their 
respective  notice  terms  are  detailed  in  the  Directors’ 
Remuneration report on pages 22 to 24. 

D I R E C T O R S   A N D   T H E I R 
I N T E R E S T S

The  interests  of  the  directors  who  held  office  at  31 
December 2018 and up to the date of this report (2017: 
as at 12 April 2018) were as follows:

2018
No. of Shares

2017
No. of Shares

D Gare

578,427

1,258,427

D M Sherwin

1,180,066

1,380,066

P J Reason

685,287

M F McGoun

36,786

N J Goldsmith

-

665,287

36,786

-

Directors’ interests in share options are detailed in the 
Remuneration report on pages 22 to 24.

2 0

in  order  to  make  themselves  aware  of  any  relevant 
audit  information  and  to  establish  that  it  has  been 
communicated to the auditor.

A U D I T O R

Pursuant  to  s489  of  the  Companies  Act  2006,  a 
resolution to re-appoint RSM UK Audit LLP as auditor 
will be put to the members at the forthcoming Annual 
General Meeting.

On behalf of the Board

P J Reason
Director 
25 April 2019

E M P L O Y E E   I N V O L V E M E N T

The general policy of the Group is to welcome employee 
involvement  as  far  as  it  is  reasonably  practicable. 
Employees  are  kept  informed  of  progress  by  regular 
company meetings and monthly management reports. 
Group  values  are  communicated  and  reinforced  on 
a  regular  basis.  These  values,  known  by  the  acronym 
RECIPE,  are  Respect,  Empowerment,  Creativity, 
Integrity  and  Passion  leading  to  Enjoyment  in  our 
working lives. These values drive the Group’s culture. 

P O L I T I C A L   D O N A T I O N S

The  Group  made  no  political  donations  in  2018  or 
2017.

F I N A N C I A L   I N S T R U M E N T S

The  Group’s  objectives  and  policies  on  financial 
instruments  are  set  out  in  note  21  to  the  financial 
statements.

I N D E M N I T Y   O F   O F F I C E R S   A N D 
D I R E C T O R S

Under  the  Company’s  Articles  of  Association  and 
subject  to  the  provisions  of  the  Companies  Act,  the 
Group may and has indemnified all directors and other 
officers  against  liability  incurred  in  the  execution  or 
discharge of their duties or the exercise of their powers, 
including but not limited to any liability for the costs of 
any  legal  proceedings.  The  Group  has  purchased  and 
maintains  appropriate  insurance  cover  against  legal 
action brought against directors or officers.

A N N U A L   G E N E R A L   M E E T I N G

The Annual General Meeting of the Company will be 
held on 23 May 2019 at the offices of RSM UK Audit 
LLP,  3  Hardman  Street,  Manchester,  M3  3HF.    The 
resolutions  to  be  proposed  at  the  Annual  General 
Meeting,  together  with  explanatory  notes,  appear  in 
a  separate  notice  of  Annual  General  Meeting  which 
is sent to all shareholders. A proxy card for registered 
shareholders is distributed along with the notice.

S T A T E M E N T   A S   T O   D I S C L O S U R E 
O F   I N F O R M A T I O N   T O   A U D I T O R

The  directors  who  were  in  office  on  the  date  of 
approval of these financial statements have confirmed, 
as far as they are aware, that there is no relevant audit 
information of which the auditor is unaware.  Each of 
the  directors  has  confirmed  that  they  have  taken  all 
the  steps  that  they  ought  to  have  taken  as  directors 

2 1

D I R E C T O R S ’   R E M U N E R A T I O N   R E P O R T

Instem  plc  is  a  company  listed  on  AIM  and  it  is  not 
required to comply with Schedule 8 of the Large and 
Medium  Sized  Companies  and  Groups  (Accounts 
and  Reports)  Regulations  2008  relating  to  directors’ 
remuneration  reports  or  the  Listing  Rules.    The 
disclosures contained within this report are, therefore, 
made  on  a  voluntary  basis  and  in  keeping  with  the 
Board’s commitment to best practice.

R E M U N E R A T I O N   C O M M I T T E E

The  Remuneration  Committee  (‘the  Committee’)  is 
composed  entirely  of  non-executive  directors.  The 
Committee was formed upon the public listing of the 
Company on 13 October 2010.  The Chairman of the 
Committee is M F McGoun.  The terms of reference for 
the Committee are to determine the Group’s policy on 
executive  remuneration  and  to  consider  and  approve 
the  remuneration  packages  for  directors  and  key 
executives of the Group, subject to ratification by the 
Board.    During  the  year,  the  Committee  met  on  two 
occasions.  Full details of the elements of each director’s 
remuneration are set out on the following page.  Details 
of  share-based  payment  are  shown  in  note  9  to  the 
financial statements.

P O L I C Y   O N   E X E C U T I V E 
D I R E C T O R   R E M U N E R A T I O N

The  Group’s  current  and  ongoing  policy  aims  to 
ensure  that  executive  directors  are  rewarded  fairly 
for  their  individual  contributions  to  the  Group’s 
overall performance and is designed to attract, retain 
and  motivate  executives  of  the  right  calibre.    The 
Committee  is  responsible  for  recommendations  on 
all  elements  of  executive  remuneration  including,  in 
particular,  basic  salary,  annual  bonus,  share  options 
and  any  other  incentive  awards.    In  implementing 
the  remuneration  policy,  the  Committee  has  regard 
to  factors  specific  to  the  Group,  such  as  salary  and 
other benefit arrangements within the Group and the 
achievement  of  the  Group’s  strategic  objectives.    The 
Committee determines the Group’s policy on executive 
remuneration with reference to comparable companies 
of similar market capitalisation, location and business 
sector.

B A S I C   S A L A R Y

The  basic  salaries  of  executive  directors  are  reviewed 

annually  having  regard  to  individual  performance 
and position within the Group and are intended to be 
competitive but fair using information provided from 
both internal and external sources.

P E R F O R M A N C E   R E L A T E D 
A N N U A L   B O N U S

Executive directors are eligible for a performance related 
bonus  based  on  Group  performance,  in  particular, 
the  achievement  of  profit  targets.    The  performance 
related  annual  bonus  forms  a  significant  part  of  the 
level  of  remuneration  considered  appropriate  by  the 
Committee.  In addition to the formal bonus scheme, 
the  Committee  has  the  discretion  to  recommend 
the  payment  of  ad  hoc  awards  to  reflect  exceptional 
performance. Bonuses amounting to £nil were payable 
to executive directors in respect of the year ended 31 
December 2018 (2017: £nil).

P E N S I O N S

Company  contributions  are  made  to  the  executive 
directors’ personal pension schemes up to a maximum 
of 16.5% of basic salary.

B E N E F I T S

Benefits  comprise  car  and  fuel  allowance,  private 
healthcare  and  critical  illness  cover.    No  executive 
director  receives  additional  remuneration  or  benefits 
in  relation  to  being  a  director  of  the  Board  of  the 
Company or any subsidiary of the Company.

S E R V I C E   C O N T R A C T S

The  Executive  directors  have  contracts  with  notice 
periods between six and twelve months.
The  Board  determines  the  Group’s  policy  on  non-
executive directors’ remuneration.
D  Gare,  D  M  Sherwin  and  M  F  McGoun  each  have 
a  letter  of  appointment  that  had  an  initial  three  year 
term commencing October 2010. These were renewed 
in December 2013, each with a notice period of three 
months.  M F McGoun has been remunerated through 
a  service  company,  Noble  Adamson  Limited,  for  7 
months during 2018. 

2 2

The emoluments paid or payable to directors in respect of the year ended 31 December 2018 were as follows:

Salary and Fees

Bonus

Benefits

Pension

2018 Total

2017 Total

Executives

P J Reason*

N J Goldsmith

Non-executives

D Gare

D M Sherwin

M F McGoun

207

110

60

30

30

Total

437

-

-

-

-

-

-

7

11

-

-

-

18

29

12

-

-

-

41

243

133

60

30

30

496

246

134

60

30

30

500

* The remuneration in respect of P J Reason is payable in US Dollars and translated at the average rates as disclosed on page 40.

D I R E C T O R S ’   A N D   E M P L O Y E E S ’   S H A R E   O P T I O N S

Exercise price 
(£)

Issue date

Held at 31 
Dec 2017

Granted 
during year

Exercised 
during year

Lapsed 
during year

Held at 31 
Dec 2018

P J Reason
Ordinary shares

N J Goldsmith
Ordinary shares

Employees
Ordinary shares

1.750
0.900
0.100
NIL

2.215
1.760
0.900
0.100
NIL

1.750
2.220
2.220
0.900
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.100
NIL
0.100

13/10/2010
14/01/2013
29/07/2015
22/02/2018

29/11/2011
07/02/2012
14/01/2013
29/07/2015
22/02/2018

13/10/2010
03/03/2011
17/10/2011
14/01/2013
11/02/2015
29/07/2015
21/11/2015
27/05/2016
19/09/2016
03/05/2017
22/02/2018
30/07/2018

187,427
23,429
93,750
-

40,000
20,000
15,000
62,500
-

253,026
93,844
14,667
44,646
40,584
125,000
25,258
21,599
22,500
15,000
-
-

-
-
-
80,000

-
-
-
-
80,000

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
240,000
8,446

-
-
-
-

-
-
-
-
-

(25,771)
-
-
(5,500)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

-
-
-
-

-
-
-
-
-

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(6,479)
-
-
-
(3,378)

187,427
23,429
93,750
80,000

384,606

40,000
20,000
15,000
62,500
80,000

217,500

227,255
93,844
14,667
39,146
40,584
125,000
25,258
15,120
22,500
15,000
240,000
5,068

863,442

Total

1,098,230

408,446

(31,271)

(9,857)

1,465,548

2 3

D I R E C T O R S ’   R E M U N E R A T I O N   R E P O R T   ( C O N T I N U E D )

On 20th February 2019 it was announced that certain 
directors and employees of the Company had exercised 
share options over 235,339 ordinary shares of 10p each 
in  the  Company.  These  included  40,000  options  in 
respect of N J Goldsmith and 93,750 options in respect 
of P J Reason.
For the two directors, N J Goldsmith and P J Reason, 
all  options  held  at  31  December  2018  that  had  been 
issued up to and including 29th July 2015 had vested. 
The awards made on 22 February 2018 vest over three 
years at 25% on the first anniversary of the award date, 
25% on the second anniversary of the award date and 
50% on the third anniversary of the award date, subject 
in each year to the Company achieving and sustaining 
certain share price targets.

Approved by the Board and signed on its behalf by:

M F McGoun
Independent Non-Executive Director

2 4

D I R E C T O R S ’   R E S P O N S I B I L I T I E S   I N   T H E
P R E P A R A T I O N   O F   F I N A N C I A L   S T A T E M E N T S

The  directors  are  responsible  for  keeping  adequate 
accounting  records  that  are  sufficient  to  show  and 
explain  the  Group’s  and  the  Company’s  transactions 
and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the 
financial position of the Group and the Company and 
enable  them  to  ensure  that  the  financial  statements 
comply with the Companies Act 2006.  They are also 
responsible  for  safeguarding  the  assets  of  the  Group 
and  the  Company  and  hence  for  taking  reasonable 
steps  for  the  prevention  and  detection  of  fraud  and 
other irregularities.

The directors are responsible for the maintenance and 
integrity  of  the  corporate  and  financial  information 
included on the Instem plc website.

Legislation  in  the  United  Kingdom  governing  the 
preparation and dissemination of financial statements 
may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions.

The directors are responsible for preparing the Strategic 
Report  and  the  Directors’  Report  and  the  financial 
statements  in  accordance  with  applicable  law  and 
regulations.  

Company law requires the directors to prepare Group 
and  Company  financial  statements  for  each  financial 
year.    The  directors  are  required  by  the  AIM  Rules 
of  the  London  Stock  Exchange  to  prepare  Group 
financial  statements  in  accordance  with  International 
Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS") as adopted by 
the  European  Union  (“EU”)  and  have  elected  under 
Company  law  to  prepare  the  Company  financial 
statements in accordance with IFRS as adopted by the 
EU.

The financial statements are required by law and IFRS 
adopted by the EU to present fairly the financial position 
of  the  Group  and  the  Company  and  the  financial 
performance  of  the  Group.  The  Companies  Act  2006 
provides  in  relation  to  such  financial  statements  that 
references in the relevant part of that Act to financial 
statements giving a true and fair view are references to 
their achieving a fair presentation.

Under  Company  law  the  directors  must  not  approve 
the  financial  statements  unless  they  are  satisfied  that 
they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of 
the Group and the Company and of the profit or loss of 
the Group for that period. 

In  preparing  the  Group  and  Company  financial 
statements, the directors are required to:

a. 

select suitable accounting policies and then apply 
them consistently;

b.  make  judgements  and  accounting  estimates  that 

are reasonable and prudent;

c. 

state  whether 
accordance with IFRSs adopted by the EU;

they  have  been  prepared 

in 

d.  prepare  the  financial  statements  on  the  going 
concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume 
that the Group and the Company will continue in 
business.

2 5

I N D E P E N D E N T   A U D I T O R ’ S   R E P O R T
T O   T H E   M E M B E R S   O F   I N S T E M   P L C 

O P I N I O N

We have audited the financial statements of Instem Plc 
(the ‘parent company’) and its subsidiaries (the ‘group’) 
for the year ended 31 December 2018 which comprise 
the  Consolidated  Statement  of  Comprehensive 
Income,  Consolidated  Statement  of  Financial 
Position,  Company  Statement  of  Financial  Position, 
Consolidated  Statement  of  Cashflows,  Company 
Statement  of  Cashflows,  Consolidated  Statement  of 
Changes in Equity, Company Statement of Changes in 
Equity, and notes to the financial statements, including 
a  summary  of  significant  accounting  policies.  The 
financial  reporting  framework  that  has  been  applied 
in their preparation is applicable law and International 
Financial  Reporting  Standards  (IFRSs)  as  adopted 
by  the  European  Union  and,  as  regards  the  parent 
company financial statements, as applied in accordance 
with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006.
In our opinion: 
• 

the financial statements give a true and fair view of 
the state of the group’s and of the parent company’s 
affairs as at 31 December 2018 and of the group’s 
profit for the year then ended;
the group financial statements have been properly 
prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by 
the European Union;
the  parent  company  financial  statements  have 
been properly prepared in accordance with IFRSs 
as adopted by the European Union and as applied 
in accordance with the Companies Act 2006; and
the  financial  statements  have  been  prepared 
in  accordance  with  the  requirements  of  the 
Companies Act 2006.

• 

• 

• 

the  audit  evidence  we  have  obtained  is  sufficient  and 
appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

C O N C L U S I O N S   R E L A T I N G   T O 
G O I N G   C O N C E R N

We have nothing to report in respect of the following 
matters in relation to which the ISAs (UK) require us 
to report to you where:
• 

the  directors’  use  of  the  going  concern  basis  of 
accounting  in  the  preparation  of  the  financial 
statements is not appropriate; or
the  directors  have  not  disclosed  in  the  financial 
statements  any  identified  material  uncertainties 
that may cast significant doubt about the group’s or 
the parent company’s ability to continue to adopt 
the going concern basis of accounting for a period 
of at least twelve months from the date when the 
financial statements are authorised for issue.

• 

K E Y   A U D I T   M A T T E R S

Key  audit  matters  are  those  matters  that,  in  our 
professional  judgment,  were  of  most  significance  in 
our  audit  of  the  group  and  parent  company  financial 
statements of the current period and include the most 
significant  assessed  risks  of  material  misstatement 
(whether or not due to fraud) we identified, including 
those which had the greatest effect on the overall audit 
strategy,  the  allocation  of  resources  in  the  audit  and 
directing  the  efforts  of  the  engagement  team.  These 
matters were addressed in the context of our audit of 
the group and parent company financial statements as 
a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we 
do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.

B A S I S   F O R   O P I N I O N

G R O U P   K E Y   A U D I T   M A T T E R S

We  conducted  our  audit 
in  accordance  with 
International  Standards  on  Auditing  (UK)  (ISAs 
(UK))  and  applicable  law.  Our  responsibilities  under 
those standards are further described in the Auditor’s 
responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements 
section of our report. We are independent of the group 
and  parent  company  in  accordance  with  the  ethical 
requirements  that  are  relevant  to  our  audit  of  the 
financial  statements  in  the  UK,  including  the  FRC’s 
Ethical Standard as applied to SME listed entities and 
we  have  fulfilled  our  other  ethical  responsibilities  in 
accordance  with  these  requirements.  We  believe  that 

I F R S   1 5   T R A N S I T I O N

(Refer to pages 36-37 regarding the accounting policy 
in respect of the adoption of IFRS15 (Included in the 
Basis  of  Preparation  section)  and  notes  3  &  4  to  the 
financial statements on pages 49-50)
The risk
This  was  considered  to  be  one  of  most  significant 
matters in the audit and therefore determined to be a 
key audit matter because of the risk that the group has 
incorrectly applied the principles of the new standard 

2 6

and considered its impact in respect of the change in 
standards on prior year financials.
Our response
We  have  obtained  management’s  considerations  in 
respect of the transition impact to revenue recognition. 
We  have  tested  a  sample  of  customer  revenues  back 
to  signed  agreements  and  the  accounting  standards 
for  the  revenue  recognition.    We  have  reviewed 
managements  support  for  judgements  made  as  part 
of  their  assessment  in  applying  the  revised  standard 
in  particular  surrounding  their  assessment  that 
installations are a separate obligation for the majority 
of  contracts  and  that  the  free  upgrades  available  to 
customers  on  maintenance  fees  is  not  deemed  to  be 
critical to the function of the licence.  We have assessed 
the  evidence  provided  by  management  in  respect  of 
these judgements in determining our opinion
We  have  also  reviewed  management’s  assessment  in 
respect  of  direct  contract  costs  associated  with  the 
revenues,  and  whether  any  capitalisation  of  these  are 
required.  

R E V E N U E   R E C O G N I T I O N

income  recognition 

Refer to pages 37 to 39 regarding the accounting policy 
in  respect  of  revenue  recognition  and  note  1  to  the 
financial statements on page 46.
The risk
Appropriate  and  accurate 
is 
required to be applied by the Directors to ensure that 
revenue  is  recognised  in  accordance  with  IFRS15 
Revenue within the financial statements. There is a risk 
that revenue could be inappropriately recognised based 
on  the  differing  recognition  policies  for  product  type 
and because this risk was considered to be one of most 
significance in the audit it was determined to be a key 
audit matter. In the year to 31 December 2018 revenue 
recognised amounted to £23,109k (2017: £21,071k).
Our response
We  have  conducted  substantive  analytical  work  on 
each  revenue  stream,  tested  a  sample  of  customer 
revenues  back  to  signed  agreements,  invoice  and 
where applicable proof of delivery.  We have assessed 
the  revenue  recognition  treatment  of  the  sample 
against  IFRS15. 
  We  have  also  considered  the 
accounting policies adopted on contracts based on our 
understanding of the underlying revenue streams and 
identified  any  apparent  errors  in  within  the  revenue 
recognition treatment of these.  Cut-off testing has also 
been  carried  out  on  key  revenue  streams  in  order  to 
identify any areas of material misstatement.  

C A R R Y I N G   VA L U E   O F   G R O U P 
G O O D W I L L   A N D   A C Q U I R E D 
I N T A N G I B L E S

(Refer  to  page  42  regarding  the  accounting  policy  in 
respect  of  Goodwill,  page  44  in  respect  of  critical 
judgements and estimates applied by the Directors and 
note 12 to the financial statements on page 55-56) 
The risk 
The  Group  has  material  levels  of  Intangible  assets 
arising  from  previous  business  combinations.  As  a 
consequence,  there  is  a  significant  risk  that  these  are 
impaired  and  need  to  be  written  down  and  it  was 
therefore determined to be a key audit matter. At the 
31 December 2018, the carrying value of the Goodwill 
and acquired Intangibles amounted to £13,524k (2017: 
£14,312k)  in  the  Company  Statement  of  Financial 
Position. 
Our response 
We 
subsidiary 
undertaking and discussed with management whether 
each balance was supportable taking into account the 
strategic  plans  established  by  the  board  in  respect  of 
each subsidiary undertaking. 
We  also  obtained  management’s  impairment  review 
and  underlying  calculations  prepared  to  support 
the  carrying  value  of  the  investments.  We  reviewed 
forecasts and considered whether they were consistent 
with the forecasts prepared by management in relation 
to  going  concern.  In  addition,  we  reviewed  the 
assumptions utilised in the model and agreed a sample 
of these back to supporting information. 

investments 

identified 

in  each 

P A R E N T   C O M P A N Y   K E Y   A U D I T 
M A T T E R S 

C A R R Y I N G   VA L U E   O F   C O M P A N Y 
I N V E S T M E N T S 

(Refer  to  page  43  regarding  the  accounting  policy  in 
respect  of  investments,  page  44  in  respect  of  critical 
judgements and estimates applied by the Directors and 
note 13 to the financial statements on pages 57-58) 
The risk 
The  Company  has  material  investments  in  subsidiary 
undertakings  which  may  not  be  supported  by  their 
trading levels. As a consequence, there is a significant 
risk  that  these  are  impaired  and  need  to  be  written 
down and it was therefore determined to be a key audit 
matter.  At  the  31  December  2018,  the  carrying  value 
of  these  investments  amounted  to  £28,927k  (2017: 
£28,711k)  in  the  Company  Statement  of  Financial 
Position. 

2 7

I N D E P E N D E N T   A U D I T O R ’ S   R E P O R T
T O   T H E   M E M B E R S   O F   I N S T E M   P L C   ( C O N T I N U E D )

in  each 

identified 

investments 

Our response 
subsidiary 
We 
undertaking and discussed with management whether 
each balance was supportable taking into account the 
strategic  plans  established  by  the  board  in  respect  of 
each subsidiary undertaking. 
We  also  obtained  management’s  impairment  review 
and  underlying  calculations  prepared  to  support  the 
carrying value of the investments. We reviewed forecasts 
and considered whether they were consistent with the 
forecasts prepared by management in relation to going 
concern.  In  addition,  we  reviewed  the  assumptions 
utilised  in  the  model  and  agreed  a  sample  of  these 
back  to  supporting  information.  Sensitivity  testing 
was  performed  on  balances  in  respect  of  significant 
variables.  

O U R   A P P L I C A T I O N   O F 
M A T E R I A L I T Y

When  establishing  our  overall  audit  strategy,  we  set 
certain  thresholds  which  help  us  to  determine  the 
nature, timing and extent of our audit procedures. When 
evaluating  whether  the  effects  of  misstatements,  both 
individually and on the financial statements as a whole 
could reasonably influence the economic decisions of 
the  users  we  take  into  account  the  qualitative  nature 
and  the  size  of  the  misstatements.  During  planning 
materiality for the group financial statements as a whole 
was calculated as £302,000, which was not significantly 
changed during the course of our audit. Materiality for 
the  parent  company  financial  statements  as  a  whole 
was calculated as £181,000 which was not significantly 
changed during the course of the audit. We agreed with 
the  Audit  Committee  that  we  would  report  to  them 
all  unadjusted  differences  in  excess  of  £7,500,  as  well 
as  differences  below  that  threshold  that,  in  our  view, 
warranted reporting on qualitative grounds. 

A N   O V E R V I E W   O F   T H E   S C O P E 
O F   O U R   A U D I T

• 

Seven  of  the  Group’s  components  were  subject  to 
full  scope  audit  procedures  for  group  and  statutory 
reporting  purposes.  We  did  not  rely  on  the  work  of 
any  component  auditors.  As  part  of  our  planning  we 
assessed  the  risk  of  material  misstatement  including 
those  that  required  significant  auditor  consideration 
at  the  component  and  group  level.  Procedures  were 
then  performed  to  address  the  risk  identified  and 

2 8

for  the  most  significant  assessed  risks  of  material 
misstatement,  the  procedures  performed  are  outlined 
above in the key audit matters section of this report.

O T H E R   I N F O R M A T I O N

The directors are responsible for the other information. 
The  other  information  comprises  the  information 
included in the annual report, other than the financial 
statements  and  our  auditor’s  report  thereon.  Our 
opinion on the financial statements does not cover the 
other information and, except to the extent otherwise 
explicitly  stated  in  our  report,  we  do  not  express  any 
form of assurance conclusion thereon. 
In connection with our audit of the financial statements, 
our responsibility is to read the other information and, 
in doing so, consider whether the other information is 
materially  inconsistent  with  the  financial  statements 
or  our  knowledge  obtained  in  the  audit  or  otherwise 
appears  to  be  materially  misstated.  If  we  identify 
such  material  inconsistencies  or  apparent  material 
misstatements, we are required to determine whether 
there  is  a  material  misstatement  in  the  financial 
statements  or  a  material  misstatement  of  the  other 
information. If, based on the work we have performed, 
we  conclude  that  there  is  a  material  misstatement  of 
this other information, we are required to report that 
fact. 
We have nothing to report in this regard.

O P I N I O N S   O N   O T H E R   M A T T E R S 
P R E S C R I B E D  B Y  T H E  C O M P A N I E S 
A C T   2 0 0 6

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the 
course of the audit:
• 

the  information  given  in  the  Strategic  Report 
and  the  Directors’  Report  for  the  financial  year 
for which the financial statements are prepared is 
consistent with the financial statements; and
the Strategic Report and the Directors’ Report have 
been prepared in accordance with applicable legal 
requirements.

Matters on which we are required to report by exception
In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the 
group and the parent company and their environment 
obtained  in  the  course  of  the  audit,  we  have  not 
identified  material  misstatements  in  the  Strategic 
Report or the Directors’ Report.

We have nothing to report in respect of the following 
matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 
requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:
• 

adequate  accounting  records  have  not  been  kept 
by the parent company, or returns adequate for our 
audit  have  not  been  received  from  branches  not 
visited by us; or
the  parent  company  financial  statements  are  not 
in  agreement  with  the  accounting  records  and 
returns; or
certain  disclosures  of  directors’  remuneration 
specified by law are not made; or

• 

• 

•  we  have  not  received  all  the  information  and 

explanations we require for our audit.

R E S P O N S I B I L I T I E S   O F 
D I R E C T O R S

As explained more fully in the directors’ responsibilities 
statement    set  out  on  page  25,  the  directors  are 
responsible  for  the  preparation  of  the  financial 
statements  and  for  being  satisfied  that  they  give  a 
true  and  fair  view,  and  for  such  internal  control  as 
the  directors  determine  is  necessary  to  enable  the 
preparation  of  financial  statements  that  are  free  from 
material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
In preparing the financial statements, the directors are 
responsible  for  assessing  the  group’s  and  the  parent 
company’s  ability  to  continue  as  a  going  concern, 
disclosing,  as  applicable,  matters  related  to  going 
concern and using the going concern basis of accounting 
unless the directors either intend to liquidate the group 
or the parent company or to cease operations, or have 
no realistic alternative but to do so.

A U D I T O R ’ S   R E S P O N S I B I L I T I E S 
F O R   T H E   A U D I T   O F   T H E 
F I N A N C I A L   S T A T E M E N T S

Our  objectives  are  to  obtain  reasonable  assurance 
about  whether  the  financial  statements  as  a  whole 
are  free  from  material  misstatement,  whether  due 
to  fraud  or  error,  and  to  issue  an  auditor’s  report 
that  includes  our  opinion.  Reasonable  assurance  is  a 
high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an 
audit  conducted  in  accordance  with  ISAs  (UK)  will 
always  detect  a  material  misstatement  when  it  exists. 
Misstatements  can  arise  from  fraud  or  error  and  are 
considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, 
they  could  reasonably  be  expected  to  influence  the 
economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these 
financial statements.
A  further  description  of  our  responsibilities  for  the 

audit  of  the  financial  statements  is  located  on  the 
Financial  Reporting  Council’s  website  at:  http://www.
frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities.  This  description 
forms part of our auditor’s report.

U S E   O F   O U R   R E P O R T 

This report is made solely to the company’s members, 
as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of 
the  Companies  Act  2006.    Our  audit  work  has  been 
undertaken  so  that  we  might  state  to  the  company’s 
members  those  matters  we  are  required  to  state  to 
them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose.  
To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept 
or  assume  responsibility  to  anyone  other  than  the 
company  and  the  company’s  members  as  a  body,  for 
our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we 
have formed.

GRAHAM BOND FCA (Senior Statutory Auditor)
For and on behalf of RSM UK AUDIT LLP, Statutory 
Auditor 
Chartered Accountants
14th Floor
Chapel Street
Liverpool
L3 9AG

29 April 2019

2 9

C O N S O L I D A T E D   S T A T E M E N T   O F   C O M P R E H E N S I V E   I N C O M E 

For the year ended 31 December 2018

CONTINUING OPERATIONS

 Note

REVENUE 

Operating expenses

Share based payment

EARNINGS BEFORE INTEREST, TAXATION, DEPRECIATION, AMORTISATION 
AND NON-RECURRING COSTS (‘EBITDA’)

Depreciation

Amortisation of intangibles arising on acquisition

Amortisation of internally generated intangibles

PROFIT BEFORE NON-RECURRING COSTS

Non-recurring costs

PROFIT AFTER NON-RECURRING COSTS

Finance income

Finance costs

1

2

2

5

6

7

PROFIT BEFORE TAXATION

Taxation 

11

PROFIT FOR THE YEAR

OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME/(EXPENSE)

Items that will not be reclassified to profit and loss account:

Actuarial gain on retirement benefit obligations

Deferred tax on actuarial gain

Items that may be reclassified to profit and loss account:

Exchange differences on translating foreign operations

OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME/(EXPENSE) FOR THE YEAR

TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEAR

PROFIT ATTRIBUTABLE TO OWNERS OF THE PARENT COMPANY

TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO OWNERS OF THE PARENT 
COMPANY

Earnings per share from continuing operations

Basic

Diluted

26

26

Year ended
 31 December 
2018
£000

22,705

(18,437)

Restated
(see note 3)
Year ended
31 December 
2017
£000

21,071

(18,497)

(216)

4,052

(144)

(788)

(738)

2,382

(539)

1,843

33

(199)

1,677

(207)

1,470

1,300

(221)

1,079

(193)

886

2,356

1,470

2,356

9.2p

8.7p

(157)

2,417

(186)

(931)

(473)

827

(443)

384

186

(318)

252

390

642

664

(113)

551

(565)

(14)

628

642

628

4.1p

4.0p

3 0

C O N S O L I D A T E D   S T A T E M E N T   O F   F I N A N C I A L   P O S I T I O N

At 31 December 2018

Company Registration No. 07148099

Note

£000

£000

£000

£000

2018

Restated (see note 3) 2017

ASSETS

NON-CURRENT ASSETS

Intangible assets

Property, plant and equipment

Deferred tax assets

TOTAL NON-CURRENT ASSETS

CURRENT ASSETS

Inventories

Trade and other receivables

Current tax receivable

Cash and cash equivalents

TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS

TOTAL ASSETS

LIABILITIES

CURRENT LIABILITIES

Trade and other payables

Deferred income

Current tax payable

Financial liabilities

Deferred tax liabilities

TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES

NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES

Financial liabilities

Retirement benefit obligations

Provision for liabilities and charges

TOTAL NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES

TOTAL LIABILITIES

EQUITY 

Share capital

Share premium

Merger reserve

Shares to be issued

Translation reserve

Retained earnings

12

14

22

15

16

19

17

18

19

20

22

20

23

24

25

27

27

27

27

27

17,411

300

-

37

7,807

1,013

3,572

2,156

8,625

401

34

12

18

2,249

250

1,592

12,535

1,598

1,010

290

(630)

17,440

299

393

17,711

18,132

12,429

30,140

13,830

31,962

29

9,470

1,267

3,064

2,725

10,967

226

220

-

11,228

14,138

2,517

13,745

4,051

18,189

51

3,750

250

1,589

12,488

1,598

794

483

(3,179)

TOTAL EQUITY ATTRIBUTABLE TO OWNERS OF THE PARENT

TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 

16,395

30,140

13,773

31,962

The adoption of IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers did not impact on the reported Balance Sheet as at 31 
December 2016.
The financial statements on pages 30 to 80 were approved by the board of directors and authorised for issue on 25 April 2019 
and are signed on its behalf by:

P J Reason 
Director  

N J Goldsmith
Director  

3 1

 
 
 
 
C O M P A N Y   S T A T E M E N T   O F   F I N A N C I A L   P O S I T I O N

At 31 December 2018

Company Registration No. 07148099

2018

2017

Note

£000

£000

£000

£000

ASSETS

NON-CURRENT ASSETS

Investments

13

28,927

28,711

TOTAL NON-CURRENT ASSETS

28,927

28,711

CURRENT ASSETS

Trade and other receivables

Cash and cash equivalents

TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS

TOTAL ASSETS

LIABILITIES

CURRENT LIABILITIES

Trade and other payables

Financial liabilities

TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES

TOTAL LIABILITIES

EQUITY

Share capital

Share premium

Merger reserve

Shares to be issued

Retained earnings

16

17

18

20

25

27

27

27

27

3,131

643

4,595

-

1,592

12,535

13,232

1,010

(263)

TOTAL EQUITY ATTRIBUTABLE TO OWNERS OF THE PARENT

TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES

2,246

1,036

3,876

188

1,589

12,488

13,232

794

(174)

3,774

32,701

4,595

4,595

28,106

32,701

3,282

31,993

4,064

4,064

27,929

31,993

The Company’s loss for the year and total comprehensive loss for the year was £89,000 (2017: profit £50,000).

The financial statements on pages 30 to 80 were approved by the board of directors and authorised for issue 
on 25 April 2019 and are signed on its behalf by:

P J Reason 
Director 

N J Goldsmith
Director 

3 2

 
                                                                                                          
 
 
 
 
 
 
C O N S O L I D A T E D   S T A T E M E N T   O F   C A S H   F L O W S

For the year ended 31 December 2018

Note

£000

£000

£000

£000

2018

Restated (see note 3) 2017

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES

Profit before taxation

Adjustments for:

Depreciation

Amortisation of intangibles 

Share based payment 

Retirement benefit obligations

Finance income

Finance costs

Decrease in deferred contingent consideration

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATIONS BEFORE MOVEMENTS IN 
WORKING CAPITAL

Movements in working capital:

(Increase)/Decrease in inventories

Decrease/(Increase) in trade and other receivables

(Decrease)/Increase in trade, other payables and deferred income

NET CASH GENERATED FROM OPERATIONS

Finance income

Finance costs

Income taxes

NET CASH GENERATED FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES

1,677

144

1,526

216

(499)

(33)

199

-

3,230

(7)

1,997

(3,448)

1,772

33

(11)

408

2,202

252

186

1,404

157

(461)

(186)

318

(148)

1,522

700

(3,043)

2,353

1,532

186

(112)

(214)

1,392

Purchase of intangible assets

Purchase of property, plant and equipment

Payment of deferred contingent consideration

Repayment of capital of finance leases

(1,490)

(145)

(200)

(31)

(1,517)

(117)

(687)

(30)

NET CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES

(1,866)

(2,351)

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES

Proceeds from issue of share capital

Finance lease interest

50

(4)

29

(6)

NET CASH GENERATED FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES

NET INCREASE/(DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH 
EQUIVALENTS 

Cash and cash equivalents at start of year

Effects of exchange rate changes on the balance of cash held in foreign 
currencies

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF YEAR

17

46

382

3,064

126

3,572

23

(936)

4,189

(189)

3,064

3 3

C O M P A N Y   S T A T E M E N T   O F   C A S H   F L O W S

For the year ended 31 December 2018

Note

2018

2017

£000

£000

£000

£000

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES

(Loss)/Profit before taxation

Adjustments for:

Finance income

Finance cost

Decrease in deferred contingent consideration

CASH FLOWS (USED IN)/FROM OPERATIONS 
BEFORE MOVEMENTS IN WORKING CAPITAL  

Movements in working capital:

(Increase)/Decrease in trade and other receivables

Increase/(Decrease) in trade and other payables

NET CASH USED IN OPERATIONS

Finance income

Finance costs

NET CASH USED IN OPERATING ACTIVITIES

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES

Payment of deferred consideration

(200)

NET CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES

Proceeds from issue of share capital

50

NET CASH GENERATED FROM FINANCING 
ACTIVITIES

NET DECREASE IN CASH AND CASH 
EQUIVALENTS  

Cash and cash equivalents at start of year

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF YEAR

17

(89)

(81)

20

-

(150)

(885)

719

(316)

81

(8)

(243)

(200)

50

(393)

1,036

643

50

-

150

(148)

52

55

(573)

(466)

-

(61)

(527)

(687)

29

(1,185)

2,221

1,036

(687)

29

3 4

C O N S O L I D A T E D   S T A T E M E N T   O F   C H A N G E S   I N   E Q U I T Y

ATTRIBUTABLE TO OWNERS OF THE COMPANY

Share 
capital
£000

Share 
premium
£000

Merger
reserve
£000

Shares to 
be issued
£000

Translation
reserve
£000

Retained 
earnings
£000

Total
 equity
£000

Balance as at 1 January 2017

1,577

12,462

1,432

864

1,048

(4,599)

12,784

Profit for the year

Other comprehensive income/
(expense) for the year

Total comprehensive income

Shares issued

Share based payment

 Reserve transfer on lapse of share 
options

Balance at 31  December 2017 - 
Restated

Profit for the year

Other comprehensive (expense)/
income for the year

Total comprehensive income

Shares issued

Share based payment

-

-

-

12

-

-

-

-

-

26

-

-

-

-

-

166

-

-

-

-

-

-

157

(227)

1,589

12,488

1,598

794

-

-

-

3

-

-

-

-

47

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

216

-

(565)

(565)

-

-

-

483

-

(193)

(193)

-

-

642

551

1,193

-

-

227

642

(14)

628

204

157

-

(3,179)

13,773

1,470

1,079

2,549

-

-

1,470

886

2,356

50

216

Balance as at 31 December 2018

1,592

12,535

1,598

1,010

290

(630)

16,395

C O M P A N Y   S T A T E M E N T   O F   C H A N G E S   I N   E Q U I T Y

ATTRIBUTABLE TO OWNERS OF THE COMPANY

Share 
capital
£000

Share 
premium
£000

Merger
reserve
£000

Shares to be 
issued
£000

Retained 
earnings
£000

Total
 equity
£000

Balance as at 1 January 2017

1,577

 12,462

13,066

864

(451)

27,518

Profit for the year

Shares issued

Share based payment

Reserve transfer on lapse of share options

-

12

-

-

-

26

-

-

-

166

-

-

Balance as at 31 December 2017

1,589

12,488

13,232

Loss for the year

Shares issued

Share based payment                                                           

-

3

-

-

47

-

-

-

-

-

-

157

(227)

794

-

-

216

50

-

-

227

(174)

(89)

-

-

50

204

157

-

27,929

(89)

50

216

Balance as at 31 December 2018

1,592

12,535

13,232

1,010

(263)

28,106

3 5

A C C O U N T I N G   P O L I C I E S

G E N E R A L   I N F O R M A T I O N

The principal activity and nature of operations of the 
Group  is  the  provision  of  world  class  IT  solutions  to 
the  life  sciences  market.  Instem’s  solutions  for  data 
collection,  management  and  analysis  are  used  by 
customers worldwide to meet the needs of life science 
and  healthcare  organisations  for  data-driven  decision 
making  leading  to  safer,  more  effective  products.  
Instem plc is a public limited company, listed on AIM, 
and  incorporated  in  England  and  Wales  under  the 
Companies  Act  2006  and  domiciled  in  England  and 
Wales.    The  registered  office  is  Diamond  Way,  Stone 
Business Park, Stone, Staffordshire, ST15 0SD.

S T A T E M E N T   O F   C O M P L I A N C E

The  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in 
accordance  with  International  Financial  Reporting 
Standards (IFRS) and IFRS Interpretation Committee 
(IFRIC) interpretations as adopted by the EU and the 
requirements of the Companies Act 2006 applicable to 
companies reporting under IFRS.

B A S I S   O F   P R E P A R A T I O N

The Group’s accounting reference date is 31 December.  
The  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  on  the 
historical cost basis.
The  Company  has  taken  advantage  of  the  audit 
exemption for two of its subsidiaries Instem Life Science 
Systems  Limited  (company  number  04339129)  and 
Instem Scientific Solutions Limited (company number 
03598020),  by  virtue  of  s479A  of  Companies  Act 
2006.    The  Company  has  provided  parent  guarantees 
to these two subsidiaries which have taken advantage 
of the exemption from audit. Under this guarantee, the 
Company has a contingent liability of £9.0m.
In accordance with Section 408 of the Companies Act 
2006 the Company has elected not to present its own 
income statement. The loss for the year of the parent 
company is £0.089m (2017: profit £0.05m).
The  accounting  policies  set  out  below  have,  unless 
otherwise stated, been applied consistently to all years 
presented in these consolidated financial statements.
IFRS  15  Revenue  from  Contracts  with  Customers  is 
effective for the Group for the period starting 1 January 
2018.  The  Group  has  applied  IFRS  15  retrospectively 
to each prior reporting period and has utilised certain 
practical expedients available in IFRS 15.

The adoption of IFRS 15 does not alter the total contract 
value or timing of cash flows. The revenue recognition 
from annual support fees and SaaS subscriptions does 
not change, as these continue to be spread rateably over 
the  term  of  the  contract.  Management  will  continue 
to  assess  the  revenue  recognition  from  SaaS  and 
maintenance  and  support  services  and  whether  they 
are a combined or distinct performance obligation on a 
contract by contract basis.
There are two key areas where the adoption of IFRS 15 
changes current revenue recognition:
Bundled contracts:
Software  licences,  professional  services  and  annual 
support  are  often  bundled  together  in  a  contract. 
Under  IFRS  15,  a  contract  by  contract  assessment  is 
completed  to  identify  the  performance  obligations  in 
each contract and may identify that the promise in the 
contract  is  a  single  performance  obligation  resulting 
in  the  total  value  of  the  contract  being  combined  as 
one obligation and recognised over the contract term. 
The impact of this is a reduction of revenue previously 
recognised;  an  increase  in  deferred  income  and  an 
increase in monthly recurring revenue going forward. 
Previously  under  IAS  18  revenue  from  professional 
services  was  recognised  as  the  work  was  completed, 
revenue  from  the  software  licence  was  recognised 
when the risks and rewards of ownership of the product 
were transferred to the customer and revenue from the 
annual  support  was  recognised  over  the  term  of  the 
contract. This resulted in the revenue being recognised 
earlier in the contract period. For the years 2017 and 
2018  Management  identified  three  contracts  where  a 
single  contractual  obligation  existed,  resulting  in  the 
licence fee income being recognised over the period of 
the contracts rather than at the point of delivery.
Where  software  licenses,  professional  services  and 
annual  support  are  not  part  of  a  bundled  contract  or 
where a bundled contract is deemed not to represent a 
single performance obligation the revenue recognition 
for each revenue element does not change under IFRS 
15. Management will assess whether software licences, 
professional  services  and  annual  support  are  distinct 
performance  obligations  on  a  contract  by  contract 
basis.
Contract costs:
Under IFRS 15, sales commissions that are incremental 
to  obtaining  the  contract  and  are  expected  to  be 
recovered  are  capitalised  as  a  cost  of  obtaining  the 

3 6

contract  and  amortised  over  the  life  of  the  contract.  
These  costs  were  previously  expensed  to  the  income 
statement as incurred.  
Costs  associated  with  the  installation  of  software  are 
capitalised as contract fulfilment assets and amortised 
over  the  life  of  the  contract.  Installation  costs  were 
previously  expensed  to  the  income  statement  as 
incurred. 

B A S I S   O F   C O N S O L I D A T I O N 

The consolidated financial statements incorporate those 
of the parent company, Instem plc, and its subsidiary 
undertakings  made  up  to  31  December  2018  and  31 
December 2017.
In preparing the consolidated financial statements, any 
intra-group  balances,  unrealised  gains  and  losses  or 
income and expenses arising from intra-group trading 
are  eliminated.    Where  accounting  policies  used  in 
individual financial statements of a subsidiary company 
differ  from  Group  policies,  adjustments  are  made  to 
bring these policies in line with Group policies.
Subsidiaries
Subsidiaries are entities over which the Group has the 
power  to  govern  the  financial  and  operating  policies 
so as to obtain economic benefits from their activities.  
Subsidiaries are consolidated from the date on which 
control  is  transferred  to  the  Group  up  until  the  date 
that control ceases.

B U S I N E S S   C O M B I N A T I O N S

Acquisitions of businesses are accounted for using the 
acquisition method.  The consideration transferred in a 
business combination is measured at fair value, which 
is  calculated  as  the  sum  of  the  acquisition  date  fair 
values of the assets transferred by the Group, liabilities 
incurred  by  the  Group  to  the  former  owners  of  the 
acquiree and the equity interests issued by the Group 
in  exchange  for  control  of  the  acquiree.    Acquisition 
related costs are recognised in profit or loss as incurred.
At the acquisition date, the identifiable assets acquired 
and the liabilities assumed are recognised at their fair 
value,  except  that  deferred  tax  assets  or  liabilities  are 
recognised  and  measured  in  accordance  with  IAS  12 
‘Income taxes’.
Contingent consideration is measured at its acquisition-
date fair value and is included as part of the consideration 
transferred.  Changes in the fair value of the contingent 
consideration  that  qualify  as  measurement  period 
retrospectively,  with 
adjustments 
corresponding  adjustments  against  goodwill.    The 
subsequent  accounting  for  changes  in  the  fair  value 

adjusted 

are 

of  the  contingent  consideration  that  do  not  qualify 
as measurement period adjustments depends on how 
the contingent consideration is classified.  Contingent 
consideration that is classified as an asset or a liability 
is re-measured at subsequent reporting dates with the 
corresponding gain or loss being recognised  in  profit 
or loss. Contingent consideration is recognised initially 
at  fair  value  and  subsequently  carried  at  amortised 
cost; the difference between the gross amount and the 
fair  value  is  recognised  in  the  income  statement  over 
the  period  in  which  the  liability  is  settled  using  the 
effective interest method.

G O I N G   C O N C E R N 

The financial position of the Group, its cash flows and 
liquidity position are set out in the primary statements 
within these financial statements.  Detailed projections 
have  been  made  for  the  12  months  following  the 
approval  of  the  financial  statements  and  sensitivity 
analysis  undertaken.    This  work  gives  the  directors 
confidence  that  the  Group  has  adequate  resources  to 
enable  it  to  continue  in  operation  for  the  foreseeable 
future.    The  Group  has  a  significant  proportion  of 
recurring  revenue  from  a  well-established  global 
customer base, supported by a largely fixed cost base. 
A  committed  working  capital  facility  is  in  place  to 
support the Group’s working capital needs. The Group 
had net current assets (excluding deferred income) of 
£9.8m  at  31  December  2018  (2017:  restated  £10.7m).  
The  deferred  income  recurs  each  year  on  renewal  of 
contracts, and in general the Group has either received 
the  cash  or  has  raised  invoices  for  the  services.  The 
Group has positive cash reserves, as well as a working 
capital  facility  of  £0.5m  which  was  undrawn  at  31 
December 2018. 
Accordingly, the directors continue to adopt the going 
concern  basis  for  the  preparation  of  the  financial 
statements.

R E V E N U E   R E C O G N I T I O N

The  Group  has  adopted  IFRS  15  Revenue  from 
Contracts with Customers, in determining appropriate 
revenue recognition principles.
The  Group  generates  revenue  from  the  provision  of 
software licences, annual support, SaaS subscriptions, 
enabled 
and 
professional 
outsourced services. 
At  contract  inception,  an  assessment  is  completed  to 
identify the performance obligations in each contract.  
Performance obligations in a contract are either goods 
or services that are distinct or part of a series of goods 

technology 

services 

3 7

A C C O U N T I N G   P O L I C I E S   ( C O N T I N U E D )

the 

inception, 

transaction  price 

or services that are substantially the same and have the 
same pattern of transfer to the customer.  
Promises that are not distinct are combined with other 
promised  goods  or  services  in  the  contract,  until  a 
performance obligation is satisfied.  
At  contract 
is 
determined, being the amount that the group expects to 
receive for transferring the promised goods or services. 
The  transaction  price  is  allocated  to  the  performance 
obligations  in  the  contract  based  on  their  relative 
standalone  selling  prices.  The  Group  has  determined 
that  the  contractually  stated  price  represents  the 
for  each  performance 
standalone  selling  price 
obligation.  
Revenue is recognised when a performance obligation 
has been satisfied by transferring the promised product 
or service to the customer. 
Software licences
Revenue  from  the  sale  of  the  software  licences  is 
recognised  when  the  customer  takes  possession  of 
the  software  which  is  usually  when  the  license  key  is 
provided to the customer.  This is because the software 
is  functional  at  the  time  the  licence  transfers  to  the 
customer and the Group is not required or expected to 
undertake activities that significantly affect the utility 
of the intellectual property by the customer.
Annual support 
Customers  typically  enter  into  a  support  contract  for 
a period of twelve months. This contract provides the 
customer with access to technical support and software 
upgrades. The promises in these contracts are a single 
performance  obligation,  which  is  satisfied  over  time 
as the customer consumes the benefits of the service.  
Revenue in respect of the single performance obligation 
is recognised evenly over the contract term.
SaaS subscription and support
Customers  typically  enter  into  a  SaaS  contract  for  a 
period  of  twelve  months  and  pay  a  fixed  amount  in 
exchange  for  the  right  to  access  software  on  a  hosted 
server along with access to maintenance and support. 
Initial SaaS contracts may also include some installation 
or customisation of the software and training for staff. 
The  promises  in  this  contract  are  considered  to  be 
a  single  performance  obligation  and  the  revenue  is 
recognised over the period of the contract on a straight-
line basis.

Professional services and technology enabled 
outsourced services
Customers  typically  enter  into  a  service  contract  to 
provide distinct service work based on clear statements 
of  work.  Service  work  includes,  but  is  not  limited  to, 
implementation  services,  training  and  outsourced 
services  work  relating  to  SEND  and  KnowledgeScan. 
The  promises  in  this  contract  are  considered  to  be 
a  single  performance  obligation  and  the  revenue  is 
recognised on a percentage completion basis for fixed 
price contracts or as services are provided in respect of 
time and materials contracts.
Bundled contracts
Software  licences,  professional  services  and  annual 
support are often bundled together in a contract.
Unless otherwise noted during the contract assessment, 
the  three  revenue  elements  are  considered  to  be 
separate  performance  obligations  on  the  basis  that 
the software licence can be delivered with or without 
the  professional  services  and  annual  support  and 
management has determined that, although the annual 
support provides the customer with access to software 
upgrades, these upgrades are rarely utilised within the 
initial contract period and do not significantly enhance 
the  intellectual  property  of  the  purchased  software 
licence,  therefore  the  products  and  services  are  not 
interdependent  or  interrelated  with  another  good  or 
service. In allocating the consideration to the separate 
performance obligations the standalone selling price is 
used.
Where the contract assessment identifies that the sale 
does not meet the criteria to be a distinct performance 
obligation, promises that are not distinct are combined 
with other promised goods or services in the contract, 
until  a  performance  obligation  is  satisfied.  Revenue 
in  respect  of  this  bundled  performance  obligation  is 
recognised over the period of the contracted obligation 
on a straight-line basis.
Amounts recoverable on contracts and deferred income
In most cases, customers are invoiced and payment is 
received in advance of revenue being recognised in the 
income  statement.  Amounts  recoverable  on  contracts 
and deferred income is the difference between amounts 
invoiced  to  customers  and  revenue  recognised  under 
the  policy  described  above.  If  the  amount  of  revenue 
recognised  exceeds  the  amounts  invoiced  the  excess 
amount  is  included  within  amounts  recoverable  on 
contracts.

3 8

Contract costs
The  incremental  costs  associated  with  obtaining  a 
contract are recognised as an asset if the Group expects 
to  recover  the  costs.  Costs  that  are  not  incremental 
to a contract are expensed as incurred.  Management 
determine  which  costs  are  incremental  and  meet  the 
criteria for capitalisation.  
Costs  to  fulfil  a  contract,  which  are  not  in  the  scope 
of  another  standard,  are  recognised  separately  as 
a  contract  fulfilment  asset  to  the  extent  that  they 
relate  directly  to  a  contract  which  can  be  specifically 
identified; the costs generate or enhance resources that 
will be used to satisfy the performance obligation and 
the  costs  are  expected  to  be  recovered.  Management 
applies 
judgement  to  determine  which  contract 
fulfilment  costs  meet  the  recognition  criteria,  and  in 
particular  if  the  costs  generate  or  enhance  resources 
used to satisfy the performance obligation.    
Costs to fulfil a contract which do not meet the criteria 
above are expensed as incurred.  
Contract fulfilment asset
Contract  fulfilment  assets  are  amortised  over  the 
expected  contract  period  on  a  systematic  basis 
representing  the  pattern  in  which  control  of  the 
associated service is transferred to the customer.  
Practical exemptions
The  Group  has  taken  advantage  of  the  following 
practical exemptions:
•  not to account for significant financing components 
where  the  time  difference  between  receiving 
consideration and transferring control of goods (or 
services) to its customer is one year or less; 
expense  the  incremental  costs  of  obtaining  a 
contract when the amortisation period of the asset 
otherwise recognised would have been one year or 
less; and
to not disclose information relating to performance 
obligations  for  contracts  that  had  an  original 
expected  duration  of  one  year  or  less  or  where 
the  right  to  consideration  from  a  customer  is  an 
amount that corresponds directly with the value of 
the completed performance obligations.

• 

• 

non-recurring items, finance income, finance costs and 
taxation,  and  shown  in  this  way  to  provide  a  clearer 
measure of underlying operating performance.

S E G M E N T A L   D I S C L O S U R E S

Instem  has  one  operating  segment,  providing  goods 
and  services  to  the  global  life  sciences  market,  based 
on  management  information  provided  to  Instem’s 
chief  operating  decision-maker,  the  Group’s  Board  of 
Directors. Resource allocation decisions are made for 
the benefit of the whole product portfolio. Performance 
of  the  product  portfolio  is  assessed  based  on  the 
consolidated profit and loss before tax for the year.

F O R E I G N   C U R R E N C I E S 

  Monetary  assets  and 

Transactions  in  foreign  currencies  are  translated 
at  the  foreign  exchange  rate  ruling  at  the  date  of 
the  transaction. 
liabilities 
denominated  in  foreign  currencies  at  the  reporting 
date are translated at the foreign exchange rate ruling 
at  that  date.    Foreign  exchange  differences  arising 
on  translation  are  recognised  in  profit  or  loss.    Non-
monetary  assets  and  liabilities  that  are  measured 
in  terms  of  historical  cost  in  a  foreign  currency  are 
translated  using  the  exchange  rate  at  the  date  of  the 
transaction. 
  Non-monetary  assets  and  liabilities 
denominated  in  foreign  currencies  that  are  stated  at 
fair value are translated at foreign exchange rates ruling 
at the date the fair value was determined.  
The  assets  and 
liabilities  of  foreign  operations, 
including goodwill and fair value adjustments arising 
on  consolidation,  are  translated  at  foreign  exchange 
rates  ruling  at  the  reporting  date.    The  revenue  and 
expenses  of  foreign  operations  are  translated  at  an 
average rate for the year where this rate approximates 
to the foreign exchange rates ruling at the dates of the 
transactions, or otherwise at the exchange rate ruling at 
the date of each transaction.
Exchange  differences  arising  from  the  translation  of 
foreign operations are taken directly to the translation 
reserve.    They  are  released  into  profit  or  loss  upon 
disposal of the foreign operation.

E A R N I N G S   B E F O R E   I N T E R E S T , 
T A X A T I O N ,   D E P R E C I A T I O N , 
A M O R T I S A T I O N   A N D   N O N -
R E C U R R I N G   C O S T S   ( ‘ E B I T D A’ )

interest, 

taxation,  depreciation, 
Earnings  before 
amortisation  and  non-recurring  items  (EBITDA)  is 
profit/(loss)  arising  from  the  Group’s  normal  trading 
activities  stated  before  depreciation,  amortisation, 

3 9

A C C O U N T I N G   P O L I C I E S   ( C O N T I N U E D )

The  presentational  currency  adopted  by  the  Group  is 
Sterling  (GBP).    The  functional  currencies  of  each  of 
the companies in the Group are as follows:

Instem plc

Sterling (GBP)

Instem Life Science Systems Limited 

Sterling (GBP)

Instem LSS Limited

Sterling (GBP)

Instem LSS (North America) Limited

US Dollars (USD)

Instem LSS Asia Limited

Hong Kong Dollars (HKD)

Instem Information Systems (Shanghai) 
Limited

Renminbi (RMB)

Instem Scientific Limited

Sterling (GBP)

Instem Scientific Solutions Limited

Sterling (GBP)

Instem Scientific Inc

US Dollars (USD)

Instem India Pvt Limited

Indian Rupees (INR)

Instem Clinical Holdings Limited

Sterling (GBP)

Instem Clinical Limited

Sterling (GBP)

Instem Clinical Inc

US Dollars (USD)

Perceptive Instruments Limited

Sterling (GBP)

Instem Japan K.K

Japanese Yen (JPY)

Samarind Limited

Sterling (GBP)

Notocord Systems S.A.

Euro (EUR)

Notocord Inc.

US Dollars (USD)

F I N A N C E   I N C O M E

Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference 
to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest 
rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts 
estimated  future  cash  receipts  through  the  expected 
life  of  the  financial  asset  to  that  asset’s  net  carrying 
amount.  Finance  income  includes  exchange  gains 
(including exchange gains on the translation of intra-
group funding balances).

F I N A N C E   C O S T S

Net finance costs include interest payable, arrangement 
and service fees, exchange losses (including exchange 
losses  on  the  translation  of  inter-company  funding 
balances),  unwinding  discount  from  future  deferred 
consideration  payments,  finance  charges  on  finance 
leases  and  net  interest  on  pension  scheme  liabilities.  
Interest  payable  is  recognised  in  the  statement  of 
comprehensive income as it accrues, using the effective 
interest method.

L E A S I N G

Where  assets  are  financed  by  leasing  agreements  that 
give  rights  approximating  to  ownership  (“finance 
leases”),  the  assets  are  treated  as  if  they  had  been 
purchased outright.  The amount capitalised is the fair 
value  or,  if  lower,  the  present  value  of  the  minimum 
lease  payments  payable  during  the  lease  term.    The 
corresponding  leasing  commitments  are  shown  as 
finance lease obligations to the lessor. 
Lease  payments  are  apportioned  between  finance 
charges  and  reduction  of  lease  obligations  so  as  to 
achieve  a  constant  rate  of  interest  on  the  remaining 
balance  of  the  liability.    Finance  charges  are  charged 
to  finance  costs  in  the  statement  of  comprehensive 
income.

The exchange rates used to translate the financial statements into Sterling (GBP) are as follows:

US Dollar 
(USD)

Hong Kong 
Dollar (HKD)

Chinese 
Renminbi
(RMB)

Indian Rupee
(INR)

Japanese
Yen (JPY)

Euro
(EUR)

Average rate for year ended 31 December 2017

1.2886

10.0426

8.7036

83.8497

144.4930

1.1416

Closing rate at 31 December 2017

1.3513

10.5678

8.7931

86.2715

152.2310

1.1260

Average rate for year ended 31 December 2018

1.3354

10.4662

8.8201

91.1933

147.3546

1.1301

Closing rate at 31 December 2018

1.2735

9.9761

8.7611

88.8707

140.3243

1.1138

4 0

All other leases are “operating leases” and the annual 
rentals are charged to the statement of comprehensive 
income on a straight-line basis over the lease term. 

S H A R E - B A S E D   P A Y M E N T 
T R A N S A C T I O N S 

The Group issues equity-settled share-based payments 
to  certain  employees.  Equity-settled  share-based 
payments are measured at fair value at the date of grant 
by reference to the fair value of the equity instruments 
granted.    The  fair  value  determined  at  the  grant  date 
of equity-settled share-based payments is expensed on 
a straight-line basis over the vesting period, based on 
the Group’s estimate of the number of instruments that 
will eventually vest with a corresponding adjustment to 
equity.  Fair values are measured by use of the Binomial, 
Monte  Carlo  or  Black  Scholes  models.    The  expected 
life  used  in  the  model  has  been  adjusted,  based  on 
management’s  best  estimate,  for  the  effect  of  non-
transferability,  exercise  restrictions,  and  behavioural 
considerations.
Non-vesting  and  market  vesting  conditions  are  taken 
into  account  when  estimating  the  fair  value  of  the 
option  at  grant  date.  Service  and  non-market  vesting 
conditions  are  taken  into  account  by  adjusting  the 
number of options expected to vest at each reporting 
date.  Market  vesting  conditions  are  linked  to  the 
Group’s share price performance. Non-market vesting 
conditions  are  linked  to  trading  performance  and 
service over defined time periods.
Cancelled  or  settled  options  are  accounted  for  as  an 
acceleration  of  vesting.    The  unrecognised  grant  date 
fair  value  is  recognised  in  profit  or  loss  in  the  year 
that  the  options  are  cancelled  or  settled.    Where  the 
terms of the options are modified and the modification 
increases the fair value or number of equity instruments 
granted,  measured  immediately  before  and  after  the 
modification, the incremental fair value is spread over 
the remaining vesting period.
Options  over  the  Company’s  shares  granted  to 
employees  of  subsidiaries  are  recognised  as  a  capital 
contribution by the Company to the subsidiaries.

T A X A T I O N 

Taxation  expense  includes  the  amount  of  current 
income  tax  payable  and  the  charge  for  the  year  in 
respect of deferred taxation.
The income tax payable is based on an estimation of the 
amount due on the taxable profit for the year.  Taxable 
profit  is  different  from  profit  before  tax  as  reported 
in  the  statement  of  comprehensive  income  because  it 

excludes items of income or expenditure which are not 
taxable  or  deductible  in  the  year  as  a  result  of  either 
the  nature  of  the  item  or  the  fact  that  it  is  taxable  or 
deductible  in  another  year.    The  Group’s  liability  for 
current  tax  is  calculated  by  using  tax  rates  that  have 
been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting 
date.
Income  tax  credits  for  research  and  development 
activities are recognised on a cash basis or when their 
receipt is reasonably certain.
Deferred tax is accounted for on the basis of temporary 
differences arising from the differences between the tax 
base and accounting base of assets and liabilities.
Deferred  tax  is  recognised  for  all  taxable  temporary 
differences, except to the extent where it arises from the 
initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction 
that is not a business combination.  Deferred tax assets 
are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that 
future  taxable  profits  will  be  available  against  which 
temporary differences can be utilised. Deferred tax is 
recognised  on  income  or  expenses  from  subsidiaries 
that will be assessed or allow for tax in future periods 
except where the Group is able to control the reversal of 
the timing difference and it is probable that the timing 
difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future.
Deferred tax is charged or credited to the statement of 
comprehensive income, except when it relates to items 
charged or credited directly to equity, in which case it is 
dealt with within equity.  It is calculated at the tax rates 
that are expected to apply to the period when the asset 
is realised or the liability is settled.

I N T A N G I B L E   A S S E T S

Intangible assets purchased separately from a business 
are capitalised at their cost.
Intellectual  Property,  Customer  Relationships  and 
Patents
The  Group  makes  an  assessment  of  the  fair  value  of 
intangible assets arising on acquisitions. These include 
Intellectual  Property,  Customer  Relationships  and 
Patents.    An  intangible  asset  will  be  recognised  as 
long as the asset is identifiable and its fair value can be 
measured reliably.  An intangible asset is identifiable if 
it is separable or if it was obtained through contractual 
or  legal  rights.    Amortisation  is  provided  on  the  fair 
value  of  the  asset  and  is  calculated  on  a  straight-line 
basis over its useful life.  The useful life for Intellectual 
Property,  Customer  Relationships  and  Patents  is 
between five and ten years.  Amortisation is recognised 
within  the  statement  of  comprehensive  income.    All 
intangible assets except Goodwill are amortised.

4 1

A C C O U N T I N G   P O L I C I E S   ( C O N T I N U E D )

Goodwill
Goodwill on acquisitions, being the excess of the fair 
value of the cost of acquisition over the Group’s interest 
in the fair value of the identifiable assets and liabilities 
acquired,  is  capitalised  and  tested  for  impairment  on 
an annual basis.  
Any impairment is recognised immediately in profit or 
loss and is not subsequently reversed.  For the purpose 
of  impairment  testing  goodwill  is  allocated  to  cash 
generating  units  of  Instem  plc,  which  represent  the 
smallest identifiable group of assets that generates cash 
inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows 
from other assets or groups of assets.
Computer Software
Computer software is carried at cost less accumulated 
amortisation  and  any  impairment  loss.    Externally 
acquired computer software and software licences are 
capitalised and amortised on a straight-line basis over 
their useful economic lives of three years.  Costs relating 
to development of computer software for internal use 
are  capitalised  once  the  recognition  criteria  of  IAS 
38 “Intangible Assets” are met.  When the software is 
available for its use, these costs are amortised over the 
estimated useful life of the software.
Internally generated intangible assets 
Expenditure on research activities is recognised in the 
statement of comprehensive income as incurred.
Expenditure arising from the Group’s development of 
software for sale to third parties is recognised only if all 
of the following conditions are met:
• 
• 

an asset is created that can be identified;
it  is  probable  that  the  asset  created  will  generate 
future economic benefits; 
the development cost of the asset can be measured 
reliably;
the Group has the intention to complete the asset 
and the ability and intention to use or sell it;
the  product  or  process 
commercially feasible; and 
sufficient  resources  are  available  to  complete  the 
development and to either sell or use the asset.

technically  and 

• 

• 

• 

• 

is 

Where 
these  criteria  have  not  been  achieved, 
development expenditure is recognised in profit or loss 
in the period in which it is incurred.
Internally-generated  intangible  assets  are  amortised, 
once the product is available for use, on a straight-line 
basis over their useful lives (five to eight years).

4 2

P R O P E R T Y,  P L A N T  &  E Q U I P M E N T 

Property,  plant  and  equipment  are  stated  in  the 
statement of financial position at cost less accumulated 
depreciation and provision for impairments.
Depreciation is provided on all assets so as to write off 
the cost less estimated residual value on a straight-line 
basis as follows:

•  Short leasehold property - Over term of lease 
•  IT hardware and software - 12½% - 33% per annum

The  expected  useful  lives  and  residual  values  of 
property,  plant  and  equipment  are  reviewed  on  an 
annual basis and, if necessary, changes in useful  lives 
are accounted for prospectively.  
The gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement 
of an asset is determined as the difference between the 
sales  proceeds  and  the  carrying  amount  of  the  asset 
and  is  recognised  in  the  statement  of  comprehensive 
income.

I M P A I R M E N T   O F   A S S E T S 
E X C L U D I N G   G O O D W I L L

The  carrying  value  of  property,  plant  and  equipment 
and intangible assets (excluding goodwill) is reviewed 
for 
in 
impairment  whenever  events  or  changes 
circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be 
recoverable.  
At each reporting date the Group reviews the carrying 
value of its property, plant and equipment and intangible 
assets to determine whether there is any indication that 
those assets have suffered an impairment loss.  If any 
such  indication  exists  the  recoverable  amount  of  the 
asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of 
the impairment loss.
Where the asset does not generate cash flows that are 
independent  from  other  assets  the  Group  estimates 
the recoverable amount of the cash generating unit to 
which the asset belongs.  A cash generating unit is the 
smallest identifiable group of assets that generates cash 
inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows 
from other assets or groups of assets.
Recoverable  amount  is  the  higher  of  fair  value  less 
costs  to  sell  and  value  in  use.    In  assessing  value  in 
use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to 
their  present  value  using  a  pre-tax  discount  rate  that 
reflects current market assessments of the time value of 
money and the risks specific to the asset, for which the 

estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.  
If  the  recoverable  amount  of  an  asset  is  estimated  to 
be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount 
of  the  asset  is  reduced  to  its  recoverable  amount.  
An  impairment  loss  is  recognised  as  an  expense 
immediately.
Where  an  impairment  loss  subsequently  reverses, 
the  carrying  amount  of  the  assets  is  increased  to  the 
revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that 
the  increased  carrying  amount  does  not  exceed  the 
carrying  amount  that  would  have  been  determined 
had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset 
in  prior  years.    A  reversal  of  an  impairment  loss  is 
recognised in profit or loss immediately.

I N V E N T O R Y 

Inventory is stated at the lower of cost and net realisable 
value.   The  cost  of  work  in  progress  comprises  direct 
labour  and  other  direct  costs  and  includes  billable 
employee expenses.  
Provision  is  made  where  necessary  for  obsolete  and 
slow-moving inventory.

P R O V I S I O N   F O R   L I A B I L I T I E S 
A N D   C H A R G E S

Provisions are recognised when there is a present legal 
or constructive obligation as a result of a past event, for 
which it is probable that an outflow of economic benefit 
will be required to settle the obligation and where the 
amount can be reliably estimated. 

F I N A N C I A L   I N S T R U M E N T S

Classification of financial instruments 
Financial instruments are classified as financial assets, 
financial liabilities or equity instruments.
Recognition and valuation of financial assets
Financial assets are initially recorded at their fair value 
net  of  transaction  costs.    At  each  reporting  date,  the 
Group reviews the carrying value of its financial assets 
to determine whether there is objective evidence of an 
indication of impairment.  If any such indication exists, 
the recoverable amount is estimated and any identified 
impairment  loss  is  recognised  in  the  statement  of 
comprehensive income.
Impairment of financial assets 
An  impairment  loss  is  recognised  for  the  expected 
credit  losses  on  financial  assets  when  there  is  an 
increased  probability  that  the  counterparty  will  be 
unable  to  settle  the  instruments  contractual  cash 
flows on the contractual due dates, a reduction in the 
amounts expected to be recovered, or both.  

The  probability  of  default  and  expected  amounts 
recoverable  are  assessed  using  reasonable  and 
supportable  past  and  forward-looking  information 
that  is  available  without  undue  cost  or  effort.    The 
expected credit loss is a probability-weighted amount 
determined  from  a  range  of  outcomes  and  takes  into 
account the time value of money.
Expected  credit 
losses  are  considered  over  the 
maximum  contractual  period  (including  extension 
options)  during  which  the  entity  is  exposed  to  credit 
risk  by  extrapolating  expectations  beyond  periods 
covered by reasonable and supportable forecasts.
Investments
Investments  in  subsidiaries  are  recorded  at  cost  in 
the  statement  of  financial  position.    They  are  tested 
for  impairment  when  there  is  objective  evidence  of 
impairment.  Any impairment losses are recognised in 
the statement of comprehensive income in the period 
they occur.
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash  and  cash  equivalents  comprise  cash  in  hand 
and  cash  deposits  which  are  readily  convertible  to  a 
known amount of cash.  For the purposes of the cash 
flow statement, cash and cash equivalents include bank 
overdrafts  which  are  repayable  on  demand  as  these 
form an integral part of Group cash management.  
Trade receivables
Trade receivables are classified as loans and receivables 
and  are  initially  recognised  at  fair  value.    They  are 
subsequently  measured  at  their  amortised  cost  using 
the  effective  interest  method  less  any  provision  for 
impairment.    A  provision  for  impairment  is  made 
where there is objective evidence that amounts will not 
be recovered in accordance with original terms of the 
agreement.  A provision for impairment is established 
when  the  carrying  value  of  the  receivable  exceeds 
the  present  value  of  the  future  cash  flows  discounted 
using the original effective interest rate.  The carrying 
value  of  the  receivable  is  reduced  through  the  use  of 
an impairment provision account and any impairment 
loss  is  recognised  in  the  statement  of  comprehensive 
income.  
Financial liabilities and equity
Financial 
instruments  are 
classified according to the substance of the contractual 
arrangements  entered  into.    An  equity  instrument  is 
any  contract  that  evidences  a  residual  interest  in  the 
assets of the Group after deducting all of its liabilities.
Bank borrowings and loan notes
Interest-bearing 
loan  notes  and  bank  overdrafts 
are  recorded  initially  at  their  fair  value,  net  of  direct 

liabilities  and  equity 

4 3

A C C O U N T I N G   P O L I C I E S   ( C O N T I N U E D )

transaction  costs.  Such  instruments  are  subsequently 
carried at their amortised cost and finance charges are 
recognised in the statement of comprehensive income 
over the term of the instrument using an effective rate 
of interest.  
Finance charges are accounted for on an accruals basis 
to the statement of comprehensive income.  Overdrafts 
are offset against cash and cash equivalents when the 
Group has a legal right of off-set.
Trade and other payables
Trade and other payables are not interest bearing and 
are initially recognised at fair value and subsequently 
at amortised cost.
Ordinary share capital
For ordinary share capital, the par value is recognised 
in share capital and the premium in the share premium 
reserve.
Derivative financial instruments
The  Group’s  activities  expose  it  primarily  to  foreign 
currency  risk.    The  Group  uses  forward  contracts  to 
hedge this exposure.

R E T I R E M E N T   B E N E F I T S 

Defined contribution schemes
A  defined  contribution  scheme  is  a  pension  plan 
under  which  the  Group  pays  a  fixed  contribution 
to  a  scheme  with  an  external  provider.    The  amount 
charged  to  the  statement  of  comprehensive  income 
in respect of pension costs and other post-retirement 
benefits is the total of contributions payable in the year.  
Differences between contributions payable in the year 
and  contributions  actually  paid  are  shown  as  either 
other payables or other receivables in the statement of 
financial position.  The Group has no further payment 
obligations once the contributions have been paid.
Defined benefit scheme
A  defined  benefit  scheme  is  a  pension  plan  under 
which the Group pays contributions in order to fund 
a  defined  amount  of  pension  that  the  employees 
under  the  scheme  will  receive  on  retirement.    The 
cost of providing the benefits is determined using the 
projected unit credit method with actuarial valuations 
being carried out regularly. 
An asset or liability is recognised equal to the present 
value  of  the  defined  benefit  obligation,  adjusted  for 
unrecognised past service costs and reduced by the fair 
value of plan assets.

Actuarial  gains  and  losses  are  recognised  in  the 
statement  of  other  comprehensive  income  in  the 
year  in  which  they  occur,  whilst  expected  returns  on 
plan  assets,  servicing  costs  and  financing  costs  are 
recognised in the statement of comprehensive income.
The  rate  used  to  discount  the  benefit  obligations  is 
based  on  market  yields  for  high  quality  corporate 
bonds with terms and currencies consistent with those 
of the benefit obligations.

C R I T I C A L   A C C O U N T I N G 
E S T I M A T E S   A N D   J U D G E M E N T S

Certain year end asset and liability amounts reported 
in the financial information are based on management 
estimates  and  assumptions.    There  is  therefore  a  risk 
of significant changes to the carrying amounts of these 
assets and liabilities within the next financial year.  The 
estimates  and  assumptions  are  made  on  the  basis  of 
information and conditions that existed at the time of 
the valuation.
Revenue Recognition
The  Group  has  adopted  IFRS  15  Revenue  from 
Contracts with Customers, in determining appropriate 
revenue  recognition  principles.  The  Group  generates 
revenue from the provision of software licences, annual 
support, SaaS subscriptions, professional services and 
technology enabled outsourced services.
Unless otherwise noted during the contract assessment, 
the software licences, annual support and professional 
services  are  considered  to  be  separate  performance 
obligations on the basis that the software licence can be 
delivered with or without the professional services and 
annual support and management has determined that, 
although  the  annual  support  provides  the  customer 
with  access  to  software  upgrades,  these  upgrades  are 
rarely utilised within the initial contract period and do 
not  significantly  enhance  the  intellectual  property  of 
the purchased software licence, therefore the products 
and services are not interdependent or interrelated with 
another good or service. In allocating the consideration 
to the separate performance obligations the standalone 
selling price is used.
Where the contract assessment identifies that the sale 
does not meet the criteria to be a distinct performance 
obligation, promises that are not distinct are combined 
with other promised goods or services in the contract, 
until  a  performance  obligation  is  satisfied.  Revenue 
in  respect  of  this  bundled  performance  obligation  is 

4 4

recognised over the period of the contracted obligation 
on a straight-line basis.
Recognition of deferred tax assets
The  recognition  of  deferred  tax  assets  is  based  upon 
whether  it  is  more  likely  than  not  that  sufficient  and 
suitable  taxable  profits  will  be  available  in  the  future 
against  which  the  reversal  of  temporary  differences 
can  be  deducted.    Where  the  temporary  differences 
are related to losses, relevant tax law is considered to 
determine the availability of the losses to offset against 
the  future  taxable  profits.    The  amount  recognised 
in  the  consolidated  financial  statements  is  derived 
from  management’s  best  estimation  and  judgement 
incorporating  forecasts  and  all  available  information.  
Recognition  therefore  involves  judgement  regarding 
the future financial performance of the particular legal 
entity or tax group in which the deferred tax asset has 
been recognised.
Provision for liabilities and charges
Provisions are recognised when the Group has a present 
obligation  (legal  or  constructive)  as  a  result  of  a  past 
event, it is probable that the Group will be required to 
settle the probable outflow of resources, and a reliable 
estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.  
As  at  31  December  2018,  the  Group  has  a  provision 
of £0.25m in respect of historical contract disputes as 
the directors have considered that the above provision 
conditions have been met.  The provision represents the 
best estimate of the risks and considers all information 
and legal advice received by the Group.
Impairment
At each reporting date, the Group reviews the carrying 
amounts of goodwill and investments.  The recoverable 
amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine 
the extent of the impairment loss (if any).  Where the 
asset does not generate cash flows that are independent 
from other assets, the Group estimates the recoverable 
amount  of  the  cash-generating  unit  to  which  the 
asset  belongs.  A  key  factor  which  could  result  in 
an  impairment  of  goodwill  or  investments  is  lower 
than  predicted  profitability.  The  CGU  with  the  most 
sensitivity to obtaining future custom and profitability 
is Instem Clinical where an additional increase of 28% 
in the discount rate or a reduction in revenues of 31% 
would  result  in  the  recoverable  amount  of  the  CGU 
being  equal  to  its  carrying  amount.  The  forecasts  to 
support Clinical’s carrying value are reliant on winning 
future contracts that have not yet been agreed.

A D O P T I O N   O F   I F R S

The  Group  and  Company  financial  statements  have 
been  prepared  in  accordance  with  IFRS,  IAS  and 

International  Financial  Reporting 
Interpretations 
Committee (IFRICs) effective as at 31 December 2018.  
The Group and Company have chosen not to adopt any 
amendments or revised standards early.

I F R S s   I S S U E D   B U T   N O T   Y E T 
E F F E C T I V E

The following IFRSs, IASs and IFRICs have been issued, 
are not yet effective, and have not been adopted by the 
Group or the Company in these financial statements.  
IFRS 16   - ‘Leases’ effective - 1 January 2019
It  is  expected  that  IFRS  16  will  materially  affect  the 
Group’s  consolidated  financial  statements.  As  at 
the  reporting  date  the  Group  has  non-cancellable 
operating  lease  commitments  of  £3.4m  (refer  to  note 
29)  the  majority  of  which  relate  to  office  leases  held 
across  all  locations.  Management  have  performed  an 
analysis  of  these  leases  to  assess  the  expected  impact 
of  IFRS  16.  If  IFRS  16  was  implemented  in  the  year 
to  31  December  2018,  its  effect  would  be  to  increase 
the net book value of property, plant and equipment, 
with  a  corresponding    finance  lease  liability.  The  net 
impact on the income statement for the year ended 31 
December 2018 would be £nil. 

I F R S s   A D O P T E D   I N   T H E   Y E A R

The  following  IFRSs,  IASs  and  IFRICs  have  been 
adopted  for  the  first  time  in  the  year:    As  expected 
their adoption has not had a material impact on these 
financial statements.
IFRS  2  -  ’Classification  and  Measurement  of  Share 
Based Payment’ (Amended) effective - 1 January 2018
IFRS  9  -  ‘Financial  Instruments’  effective  -  1  January 
2018
The Group has applied IFRS 9 ‘Financial Instruments’ 
(IFRS) for the first time in the year ended 31 December 
2018.  IFRS 9 replaces IAS 39 ‘Financial Instruments: 
Recognition and measurement’.   No significant changes 
were identified on adoption of this standard.
IFRS  9  requires  impairments  of  financial  assets  to  be 
assessed  using  an  ‘expected  loss’  model.    The  change 
from  the  ‘incurred  loss’  model  previously  applied 
under IAS 39 resulted in an no additional impairment 
loss being recognised at 1 January 2018.
IFRS  15  -  ‘Revenue  from  Contracts  with  Customers’ 
effective - 1 January 2018
IFRIC  22  - 
Advance Consideration’ effective - 1 January 2018

‘Foreign  Currency  Transactions  and 

4 5

N O T E S   T O   T H E   F I N A N C I A L   S T A T E M E N T S

1.  R E V E N U E   F R O M   C O N T R A C T S   W I T H   C U S T O M E R S

a.  Disaggregation of Revenue

The Group has disaggregated revenue into various categories in the following tables which are intended to depict how 
the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.

For management purposes, the Group is currently organised into one operating segment – Global Life Sciences.

REVENUE BY PRODUCT TYPE

Licence fees

Annual support fees

SaaS subscription and support fees

Professional services

Technology enabled outsourced services

REVENUE BY GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION

UK

Rest of Europe

USA and Canada

Rest of World

NON-CURRENT ASSETS EXCLUDING DEFERRED TAXATION BY 
GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION

UK

Rest of Europe

USA and Canada

Rest of World

2018
£000

3,491

8,160

5,509

2,204

3,341

22,705

2018
£000

3,504

4,534

11,507

3,160

22,705

2018
£000

16,896

624

133

58

17,711

Restated
2017
£000

5,194

8,446

4,424

1,891

1,116

21,071

Restated
2017
£000

2,073

4,567

12,246

2,185

21,071

Restated
2017
£000

17,167

320

214

38

17,739

There were no customers which represented more than 10% of the Group revenue in 2018 (2017: none) 

4 6

b.  Contract Balances

2018

2017

Amounts 
recoverable on 
contracts

£000

At 1 January

2,389

Deferred 
income

(10,967)

Transfer in the period from amounts 
recoverable on contracts to trade receivables

(2,389)

-

Amounts included in deferred income that was 
recognised as revenue during the period

Cash received in advance of performance and 
not recognised as revenue during the period

Excess of revenue recognised over cash being 
recognised during the period

IFRS 15 Restatement

-

-

2,807

-

10,967

(8,625)

-

-

At 31 December

2,807

(8,625)

Amounts 
recoverable on 
contracts

894

(894)

-

-

2,389

-

2,389

Deferred 
income

(9,092)

-

9,092

(10,370)

-

(597)

(10,967)

Amounts recoverable on contracts and deferred income are included within “trade and other receivables” and 
“deferred income” respectively on the face of the statement of financial position.

Amounts recoverable on contracts predominately relate to fulfilled obligations on service contracts where billing is 
in arrears. At the point where completed work is invoiced, the contract asset is derecognised and a corresponding 
receivable recognised.

Deferred income relates to consideration received from customers in advance of work being completed and 
maintenance and support which is invoiced in advance.

c.  Remaining performance obligations

The vast majority of the Group’s contracts are for the delivery of software and services within the next 12 months for 
which the practical expedient in paragraph 121(a) of IFRS 15 applies. However, certain bundled contracts have been 
entered into for which both the original contract was greater than 12 months and the Group's right to consideration 
does not correspond directly with the performance.

The amount of revenue that will be recognised in future periods on these contracts is as follows:

2019
£000

142

Revenue

2020
£000

108

2021
£000

4

The Group has applied the exemption in paragraph C5(d) of the transitional rules in IFRS 15 and therefore has not 
disclosed the amount of revenue that will be recognised in future periods for the comparative period.

d.  Contract Costs

It is expected that commissions paid are recoverable. These have therefore been capitalised as an asset and are 
amortised over the term of the contract. 

The carrying value of costs to obtain contracts with customers which have been capitalised is an amount of £0.01m 
(2017: £0.03m). Amortisation of £0.02m (2017: £nil) was recognised during the year. 

The entity has applied the practical expedient available in paragraph 94 of IFRS 15 to recognise the incremental 
costs of obtaining a contract as an expense when incurred where the amortisation period of the asset that the entity 
otherwise would have recognised is one year or less. 

4 7

2.  P R O F I T   B E F O R E   N O N - R E C U R R I N G   C O S T S

Profit from operations includes the following significant items:

Depreciation and amounts written off property, plant and equipment:

 Charge for the year:

   Owned assets

  Leased assets

Amortisation of intangible assets

Research and development costs

Operating lease rentals: 

Plant and machinery

Land and buildings

Amounts payable to  RSM UK Audit LLP and their associates in respect of both audit and 
non-audit services:

Audit services:

Statutory audit of parent and consolidated financial information

Audit of subsidiaries where such services are provided by 
RSM UK Audit LLP or its associates

Other services:

Audit related assurance services

Taxation services - Compliance

Taxation services - Advisory

Other services

The following table analyses the nature of operating expenses:

2018
£000

114

30

1,526

1,623

37

527

25

68

22

22

26

-

163

2018
£000

Staff costs (see note 8)

12,220

Operating lease rentals

Software maintenance charges

Licence costs 

Other expenses

564

561

1,109

3,983

2017
£000

156

30

1,404

1,831

61

521

21

67

16

22

17

1

144

Restated
2017
£000

11,981

582

549

1,685

3,700

Total operating expenses

18,437

18,497

4 8

    
    
 
3.  R E C O N C I L I A T I O N   T O   P R E V I O U S L Y   R E P O R T E D   I N F O R M A T I O N

The table below reconciles key line items in these financial statements to the information provided in the financial 
statements for the year ended 31 December 2017 and the opening statement of financial position at 1 January 2018. 
The changes relate to the fully retrospective adoption of IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers.

As previously 
reported

IFRS 15 adoption

As restated

INCOME STATEMENT FOR 2017

£000

REVENUE 

21,668

Operating expenses

(18,549)

Share based payment

EARNINGS BEFORE INTEREST, TAXATION, DEPRECIATION, 
AMORTISATION AND NON-RECURRING COSTS (‘EBITDA’)

(157)

2,962

Depreciation and Amortisation

(1,590)

PROFIT BEFORE NON-RECURRING COSTS

1,372

PROFIT BEFORE TAXATION

Taxation

797

297

PROFIT FOR THE YEAR

1,094

£000

(597)

52

-

(545)

-

(545)

(545)

93

(452)

£000

21,071

(18,497)

(157)

2,417

(1,590)

827

252

390

642

As previously 
reported

IFRS 15 adoption

As restated

STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2017

£000

£000

Non-current assets

18,039

Deferred tax asset

300

Total assets

31,869

Current liabilities

13,593

Trade and other payables

2,777

Deferred income

10,370

Total liabilities

17,644

Total equity attributable to the owners of the parent

14,225

Retained earnings

(2,727)

93

93

93

545

(52)

597

545

(452)

(452)

£000

18,132

393

31,962

14,138

2,725

10,967

18,189

13,773

(3,179)

4 9

4.  I M P A C T   O F   I F R S   1 5 ,   R E V E N U E   F R O M   C O N T R A C T S   W I T H 

C U S T O M E R S ,   O N   T H E   I N C O M E   S T A T E M E N T   F O R   T H E   Y E A R   E N D E D 
3 1   D E C E M B E R   2 0 1 8

The table below shows the impact of IFRS15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers on key line items in the Income 
statement for the year ended 31 December 2018. 

Amounts excluding 
IFRS 15

IFRS 15 adoption

As reported

INCOME STATEMENT FOR 2018

£000

REVENUE 

22,322

Operating expenses

(18,397)

Share based payment

EARNINGS BEFORE INTEREST, TAXATION, DEPRECIATION, 
AMORTISATION AND NON-RECURRING COSTS (‘EBITDA’)

(216)

3,709

Depreciation and Amortisation

(1,670)

PROFIT BEFORE NON-RECURRING COSTS

2,039

£000

383

(40)

-

343

-

343

5.  N O N - R E C U R R I N G   C O S T S

Guaranteed Minimum Pension (GMP) equalisation provision 

Legal cost and cost provision relating to historical contract disputes 

Professional fees

Restructuring costs

Amendment to contingent consideration post acquisition 

2018
£000

(126)

(49)

(364)

-

-

(539)

£000

22,705

(18,437)

(216)

4,052

(1,670)

2,382

2017
£000

-

(250)

-

(341)

148

(443)

Pension schemes are legally required to equalise pension benefits for the effects of unequal Guaranteed Minimum 
Pensions (GMPs) between males and females that were accrued since May 1990. The Group has included a reserve for 
the cost of GMP equalisation, based on information from the Group’s pension advisors (see note 23).
The professional costs incurred in the period relate to a one-off project undertaken in the period by the Group as part 
of its forecasting and underlying operations review. The benefits of this project are expected to be realised in future 
periods.

5 0

6.  F I N A N C E   I N C O M E

Foreign exchange gains

Other interest

7.  F I N A N C E   C O S T S

Bank loans and overdrafts

Unwinding discount on deferred consideration

Net interest charge on pension scheme

Finance lease interest

2018
£000

25

8

33

2018
£000

11

12

172

4

199

2017
£000

184

2

186

2017
£000

112

71

129

6

318

8.  E M P L O Y E E S

2018
Number

2017
Number

Average monthly number (including non-executive directors)

By role:

Directors, administration and supervision

Software design, sales and customer service

Employment costs:

Wages and salaries

Social security costs

Other pension costs

39

199

238

2018
£000

10,416

1,031

773

12,220

43

174

217

2017
£000

10,181

1,047

753

11,981

The Company had three employees during the year and the prior year. These employees are non-executive directors 
of the Company and their remuneration is disclosed in note 10.

5 1

9.  S H A R E   B A S E D   P A Y M E N T

Equity-Settled Share Option Plan

Under  the  approved  and  unapproved  share  option  schemes,  the  Remuneration  Committee  can  grant  options  to 
employees of the Group. Options are granted with a fixed exercise price at the date of grant. The contractual life is 
generally ten years from the date of grant. Options generally become exercisable after three years. Certain options 
issued to directors and senior employees carry market based performance conditions.  

2018

2017

Number

Weighted average 
exercise price (£)

Outstanding at the beginning of the year

1,098,230

Granted

408,446

Lapsed

(9,857)

Exercised 

(31,271)

Outstanding at end of the year 

1,465,548

Exercisable at end of year

1,014,341

1.14

0.10

0.10

1.60

0.85

1.18

Number

1,209,093

20,000

(104,209)

(26,654)

1,098,230

757,881

Weighted average 
exercise price (£)

1.07

0.10

0.10

1.07

1.14

1.61

The options outstanding at 31 December 2018 and 31 December 2017 had exercise prices of £0.10, £0.90, £1.75, £1.76, 
£2.215 and £2.22 and a weighted average remaining contractual life of 5 years 3 months (2017: 4 years 11 months).

A charge of £0.2m (2017: £0.2m) arose in respect of share based payments.

New options for 408,446 shares were granted in the year, 400,000 shares of which are valued using the Monte-Carlo 
option-pricing model.  The fair market value has been estimated using the following key assumptions:

2018

Grant date

22 February 2018

Expected life (years)

Share price at grant date

Exercise price

Dividend yield 

Risk free rate (average)

Projection period (years)

Volatility 

Fair value of options (average)

3

£1.69

Nil

0.00%

0.74%

2.10

28.6%

£0.41

Options over 8,446 shares (2017: 21,599) incorporate a condition based on the performance of either the Group or the 
individual performance of a subsidiary.

The fair value of options granted in the year was £0.2m (2017: £0.3m).

During the year, the average share price in respect of share options exercised was £2.09 (2017: £1.65)

5 2

10. D I R E C T O R S '   E M O L U M E N T S

Amounts payable by Instem plc:

Emoluments*

Amounts payable by subsidiary companies:

Emoluments

Defined contribution pension contributions

Total emoluments

2018
£000

120

335

41

496

2017
£000

120

340

40

500

* The above emoluments include £17,500 (2017: £30,000) payable to third parties as shown in note 30.

2018
Number

2017
Number

Number of directors to whom retirement benefits
are accruing under:

Defined contribution schemes         

2

2

The highest paid director is shown in the Directors’ Remuneration Report.

11. T A X A T I O N

Income taxes recognised in profit or loss:

Current tax:

UK corporation tax on profit of the year

UK corporation tax in respect of previous years 

Adjustments in respect of R&D tax credit

Foreign tax

Foreign tax in respect of previous years

Total current tax

Deferred tax:

Current year charge

Adjustment in respect of previous years

Retirement benefit obligation

Total deferred tax

Total income tax (charge)/credit recognised in the current year

2018
£000

-

(85)

477

(403)

(12)

(23)

(67)

(83)

(34)

(184)

(207)

2017
£000

-

306

567

(379)

337

831

(28)

(357)

(56)

(441)

390

5 3

11. T A X A T I O N   ( C O N T I N U E D )

The income tax (expense)/credit can be reconciled to the accounting profit as follows:

Profit before tax

Profit before tax multiplied by standard rate of corporation tax in the UK 19.0% (2017: 19.25%)

Effects of:

Expenses not allowable for tax purposes

Fixed asset temporary differences

Differences in overseas tax rates

Adjustments in respect of prior years

Foreign tax suffered in excess of double tax relief

Adjustment in respect of R&D tax credit

Other temporary differences

Tax losses utilised

2018
£000

1,677

(319)

(6)

(94)

(187)

(180)

-

477

71

31

Total income tax (charge)/credit recognised in  consolidated statement of comprehensive income

(207)

Restated
2017
£000

252

(49)

(74)

(101)

(105)

286

(69)

567

(113)

48

390

5 4

12. I N T A N G I B L E   A S S E T S

Goodwill
£000

Software 
£000

Intellectual 
property 
£000

Customer 
relationships
£000

Patents
£000

Total
£000

Group

Cost

4,527

2,874

21

22,211

At 1 January 2017

11,015

Additions from continuing 
operations

-

Fair value adjustment

(425)

Transferred from work in progress

Exchange adjustment

-

-

At 31 December 2017

10,590

Additions from continuing 
operations

Disposals

Exchange adjustment

-

-

-

At 31 December 2018

10,590

Amounts written off 

At 1 January 2017

Amortisation expense

Exchange adjustment

At 31 December 2017

Amortisation expense

Disposals

Exchange adjustment

At 31 December 2018

Net book value

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3,774

1,517

-

166

(25)

5,432

1,490

(96)

14

6,840

1,835

473

(4)

2,304

738

(96)

7

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

4,527

2,874

-

-

-

-

-

-

4,527

2,874

1,935

613

-

2,548

492

-

-

813

318

-

1,131

296

-

-

2,953

3,040

1,427

At 31 December 2017

10,590

At 31 December 2018

10,590

3,128

3,887

1,979

1,487

1,743

1,447

-

-

-

-

21

-

-

-

21

21

-

-

21

-

-

-

-

-

-

1,517

(425)

166

(25)

23,444

1,490

(96)

14

24,852

4,604

1,404

(4)

6,004

1,526

(96)

7

7,441

17,440

17,411

The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortisation within Software includes internally generated and externally 
acquired  elements.  The  cost  of  internally  generated  software  amounts  to  £6.1m  (2017:  £4.6m)  with  accumulated 
amortisation of £2.3m (2017: £1.6m).  Software additions for the year include £1.5m relating to internal development 
(2017: £1.4m).

Impairment of goodwill 

Goodwill  amounting  to  £5.9m  (2017:  £5.9m)  relates  to  a  cash  generating  unit  (CGU),  being  the  Instem  business 
acquired  on  the  management  buyout  of  Instem  LSS  Limited  on  27  March  2002.  Goodwill  amounting  to  £0.5m 
(2017: £0.5m), relates to a CGU, being the Instem Scientific Limited business acquired on 3 March 2011. Goodwill 
amounting to £2.5m (2017: £2.5m), relates to a CGU, being the Instem Clinical Holdings Limited business acquired 
on 10 May 2013. Goodwill amounting to £0.7m (2017: £0.7m) relates to a CGU, being the Perceptive Instruments 
Limited business acquired on 21 November 2013. Goodwill amounting to £0.6m (2017: £0.6m) relates to a CGU, 
being the Samarind Limited business acquired on 27 May 2016. Goodwill amounting to £0.5m (2017: £0.5m) relates 
to a CGU, being the Notocord business acquired on 2 September 2016.

5 5

12. I N T A N G I B L E   A S S E T S   ( C O N T I N U E D )

During the year, goodwill was tested for impairment in accordance with IAS 36 “Impairment of Assets”.  The recoverable 
amount of the CGU exceeded the carrying amounts of goodwill.  The recoverable amount for each of the CGU has 
been measured using a value-in-use calculation and as such no impairment was deemed necessary.  

The key assumptions used, which are based on management’s past experience, for the value-in-use calculations are 
those  regarding  the  discount  rates,  growth  rates  and  direct  costs  during  the  period. The  value-in-use  calculations 
are based on the future pre-tax cash flows from approved forecasts which have been extrapolated to cover a period 
of five years, and then a terminal value calculated using the Gordon Growth Model, to take account of the software 
development cycle and the high percentage of recurring revenues from the customer base. At 31 December 2018, 
a pre-tax discount rate of 10.5% (2017: 8.9%) was used in the value-in-use calculation based on the Group’s cost of 
capital.

Projected cash flows were based on detailed profit and cashflow projections through to 2019 with a 2.5% assumption 
of growth beyond 2019. The projections were based on reasonable assumptions in respect of business growth rates, 
payroll and other cost increases and related cashflow impacts. No indication of impairment was identified.

The recoverable amount of the Instem LSS CGU exceeds the carrying amount of this CGU by 747%, for the Instem 
Scientific CGU by 424%, for Instem Clinical CGU by 278%, Perceptive Instruments CGU by 386%, Samarind CGU 
by 361% and Notocord CGU by 112%. The directors consider the discount rate and revenues to be the most sensitive 
assumptions used in the impairment reviews. An additional increase in the discount rate of 76%, or a reduction in 
certain revenues of in excess of 19%, would result in the recoverable amount of the Instem LSS CGU being equal to 
its carrying amount. An additional increase of 47% in the Instem Scientific discount rate, or a reduction in revenues 
of 14% would result in the recoverable amount of the CGU being equal to its carrying amount. An additional increase 
of 28% in the Instem Clinical discount rate, or a reduction in revenues of 31% would result in the recoverable amount 
of the CGU being equal to its carrying amount. An additional increase of 43% in the Perceptive Instruments discount 
rate, or a reduction in revenues of 15% would result in the recoverable amount of the CGU being equal to its carrying 
amount. An additional increase of 32% in the Samarind discount rate, or a reduction in revenues by 8% would result 
in the recoverable amount of the CGU being equal to its carrying value. An additional increase of 3% in the Notocord 
discount rate, or a reduction in revenues by 2% would result in the recoverable amount of the CGU being equal to its 
carrying value.

Amortisation expenses are disclosed in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income.

5 6

13. I N V E S T M E N T S

Company

Cost at beginning of year

Additions

At end of year

2018
£000

28,711

216

28,927

2017
£000

28,426

285

28,711

At the end of the year the company has six wholly-owned subsidiaries and eleven wholly-owned sub-subsidiaries, 
details of which are as follows:

Company

Registered Address

Activity

Ownership

Instem Life Science Systems Limited 
(company number 04339129)
England and Wales

Instem LSS Limited 
(company number 03548215)
England and Wales

Instem LSS (North America) Limited 
(company number 02126697)
England and Wales

Instem LSS (Asia) Limited 
(company number 1371107)
Hong Kong

Diamond Way
Stone Business Park
Stone, Staffordshire
ST15 0SD

Diamond Way
Stone Business Park
Stone, Staffordshire
ST15 0SD

Diamond Way
Stone Business Park
Stone, Staffordshire
ST15 0SD

Suite 1106-8
11/F Tai Yau Building
No 181 Johnston Road
Wanchai

Instem Information Systems (Shanghai) Limited
(company number 310115400257075)
Shanghai, PRC

Room 205, Building 16
88 Da’erwen Road
Zhanjiang, High Tech Park
Pudong District 201203

Instem Scientific Limited
(company number 03861669)
England and Wales

Instem Scientific Solutions Limited 
(company number 03598020)
England and Wales

Instem Scientific Inc.
USA

Diamond Way
Stone Business Park
Stone, Staffordshire
ST15 0SD

Diamond Way
Stone Business Park
Stone, Staffordshire
ST15 0SD

Holding Company

100% by Instem plc

Software development, 
sales, sales support and 
administrative support

100% by Instem Life Science 
Systems Limited

Sales, sales support and 
administrative support

100% by Instem LSS Limited

Holding Company

100% by Instem LSS Limited

Sales, sales support and 
service

100% by Instem LSS (Asia) 
Limited

Leading provider of software 
solutions for extracting 
intelligence from R&D 
related healthcare data

100% by Instem plc

Dormant

100% by Instem Scientific 
Limited

Suite 1550
161 Washington Street
8 Tower Bridge
Conshohocken PA 19428

Leading provider of software 
solutions for extracting 
intelligence from R&D 
related healthcare data

100% by Instem Scientific 
Limited

Instem India Pvt Limited
(company number U73100MH2012FTC231951)
India

Adisa Icon 
Mumbai Bangalore Highway
Bavdhan Budruk
Pune 411021

Instem Clinical Holdings Limited
(company number 05840032)
England and Wales

Diamond Way
Stone Business Park
Stone, Staffordshire
ST15 0SD

Software development

Holding of intellectual 
property
rights and investment in 
group
companies

99.9% by Instem LSS Limited
0.1% by Instem LSS (NA) 
Limited

100% by Instem plc

5 7

13. I N V E S T M E N T S   ( C O N T I N U E D )

Company

Registered Address

Activity

Ownership

Instem Clinical Limited
(company number 06959053)
England and Wales

Instem Clinical Inc.
USA

Perceptive Instruments Limited
(company number 02498351)
England and Wales

Instem Japan K.K
(company number 0104-01-120355)
Japan

Samarind Limited
(company number 02105894)
England and Wales

Notocord Systems S.A.
(company number 350927349)
France

Notocord Inc.
USA

Diamond Way
Stone Business Park
Stone, Staffordshire
ST15 0SD

Suite 1550
161 Washington Street
8 Tower Bridge
Conshohocken PA 19428

Diamond Way
Stone Business Park
Stone, Staffordshire
ST15 0SD

Shinagawa
Intercity Tower, A Level 28
2-15-1 Konan, Minato-ku
Tokyo 108-6028

Diamond Way
Stone Business Park
Stone, Staffordshire
ST15 0SD

Parc des Grillons
60, route de Sartrouville
78230 Le Pecq
Paris

PO Box 10188
Newark
New Jersey
07101-3188

Provision of electronic 
data capture and clinical 
management solutions to the 
pharmaceutical industry

Provision of electronic 
data capture and clinical 
management solutions to the 
pharmaceutical industry

Development, manufacture 
and supply of software and 
hardware products for in 
vitro study data collection 
and study management 
in the genetic toxicology, 
microbiology and 
immunology markets 

100% by Instem Clinical 
Holdings Limited

100% by Instem Clinical 
Holdings Limited

100% by Instem plc

Sales, sales support and 
service

100% by Instem LSS Limited

Provider of regulatory 
information management 
software

100% by Instem plc

Software development, sales 
support and administrative 
support

100% by Instem plc

Sales, sales support and 
administrative support

100% by Notocord Systems 
S.A.

5 8

14. P R O P E R T Y,   P L A N T   A N D   E Q U I P M E N T

Group

Cost 

At 1 January 2017

Additions

Acquisitions

Exchange adjustment

At 31 December 2017

Additions

Disposals

*Adjustment

Exchange adjustment

At 31 December 2018

Depreciation

At 1 January 2017

Acquisitions

Depreciation expense

Exchange adjustment

At 31 December 2017

Depreciation expense

Disposals

*Adjustment

Exchange adjustment

At 31 December 2018

Net book value

At 31 December 2017

At 31 December 2018

Short leasehold property
£000

IT hardware & software
£000

79

-

-

(1)

78

29

(10)

(4)

1

94

57

4

-

(1)

60

4

(3)

4

1

66

18

28

1,057

117

(259)

(22)

893

116

(32)

562

5

1,544

705

182

(259)

(16)

612

140

(32)

549

3

1,272

281

272

Total
£000

1,136

117

(259)

(23)

971

145

(42)

558

6

1,638

762

186

(259)

(17)

672

144

(35)

553

4

1,338

299

300

*Adjustment refers to a correction to previously reported cost of £0.6m and depreciation of £0.6m. The impact on net 
book value is nil.

IT hardware and software includes assets with a net book value of £0.04m (2017: £0.07m) held under finance lease. 
The depreciation on these assets during the year was £0.03m (2017: £0.03m).

5 9

15. I N V E N T O R I E S

Group

Raw materials

Work in progress

Total gross inventories

16. T R A D E   A N D   O T H E R   R E C E I VA B L E S

Group

Trade receivables

Amounts recoverable on contracts

Prepayments and accrued income

Company

Amounts owed by group companies

Other receivables   

An analysis of the provision for impairment of receivables is as follows:

Group

At beginning of year

Increase in provision for impairment

Receivables written off

Reversal of provision for impairment

At end of year

2018
£000

-

37

37

2018
£000

37

2018
£000

3,786

2,807

1,214

7,807

3,010

121

3,131

2018
£000

73

1

-

(20)

54

2017
£000

14

15

29

2017
£000

29

2017
£000

6,104

2,389

977

9,470

2,192

54

2,246

2017
£000

94

64

(31)

(54)

73

6 0

16. T R A D E   A N D   O T H E R   R E C E I VA B L E S   ( C O N T I N U E D )

Definition of default

A loss allowance on all financial assets is measured by considering the probability of default.

Receivables are considered to be in default based on an assessment of past payment practices and the likelihood of 
such overdue amounts being recovered. 

Impairment of trade receivables

The probability of default is determined at the year-end based on the ageing of the receivables, historical data about 
default rates. That data is adjusted if the Group determines that historical data is not reflective of expected future 
conditions due to changes in the nature of its customers and how they are affected by external factors such as economic 
and market conditions.

A provision for impairment is made where there is objective evidence of impairment which is usually indicated by a 
delay in the expected cash flows or non-payment from customers. 

Impairment of group receivables

The Group assesses the expected credit loss in respect of group receivables based on their ability to repay and recover 
the balance.  In the absence of agreed terms this consideration is given over the expected period of repayment and 
any expected credit loss.  As at the period end no allowance has been made for credit impairment of group receivables 
(2017: nil)

The average credit period taken on sale is 83 days (2017: 88 days). No interest has been charged on overdue receivables.

Before accepting any new significant customer, the Group obtains relevant credit references to assess the potential 
customer’s credit quality. Credit limits are defined by customer.

The directors consider that the carrying amount of trade and other receivables approximates to their fair value.

The age profile of the net trade receivables for the Group at the year-end was as follows:

Debt age

Group
2018

Current

0-30 days

31-60 days

Trade receivables/Amounts recoverable on contracts

Value (£000)

4,061

1,904

%

62

29

216

3

Debt age

Group
2017

Current

0-30 days

31-60 days

Trade receivables/Amounts recoverable on contracts

Value (£000)

5,011

1,806

1,012

%

59

21

12

Over 60 
days

412

6

Over 60 
days

664

8

Total

6,593

100

Total

8,493

100

The maximum exposure to credit risk at the reporting date is the carrying value of each class of receivables mentioned 
above. The Group does not hold any collateral as security.

6 1

16. T R A D E   A N D   O T H E R   R E C E I VA B L E S   ( C O N T I N U E D )

An analysis of trade and other receivables by currency is as follows:

Group

Sterling

Euro

US Dollar

Renminbi

Other

2018
£000

2,887

171

3,866

718

165

7,807

2017
£000

3,928

576

4,551

288

127

9,470

17. C A S H   A N D   C A S H   E Q U I VA L E N T S

Group

Cash at bank

Bank overdraft 

Company

2018
£000

12,570

(8,998)

3,572

2017
£000

  12,062

(8,998)

3,064

Cash at bank

643

1,036

The Group’s overdraft facility has a net limit of £0.5m and a gross limit of £9.0m.  Interest is charged on the bank 
overdraft at 2.75% above base rate.  The bank overdraft is secured by fixed and floating charges over certain Group’s 
assets.  The bank facility is reviewed in April each year. 

There is a debenture in favour of National Westminster Bank Plc, dated 13 April 2011, secured over the assets of the 
Group by way of fixed and floating charges, in respect of the Group’s overdraft facility.

An analysis of cash and cash equivalents by currency is as follows:

Group

Sterling

Euro

US Dollar

Renminbi

Other

Company

Sterling

2018
£000

(226)

105

1,597

1,629

467

3,572

643

643

2017
£000

(1,539) 

683

3,034

828

58

3,064

1,036

1,036

The carrying amount of these assets approximates to their fair value. 

6 2

18. T R A D E   A N D   O T H E R   P A YA B L E S

Group - Current

Trade payables

Other taxation and social security costs

Accruals

Company - Current

Trade payables

Amounts owed to group companies

Accruals

2018
£000

589

205

1,362

2,156

165

4,271

159

4,595

An analysis of trade and other payables by currency is as follows:                   

Group

Sterling

Euro

US Dollar

Other

Company

Sterling

2018
£000

1,164

132

821

39

2,156

4,595

Restated
2017
£000

548

410

1,767

2,725

35

3,659

182

3,876

Restated
2017
£000

1,495

246

918

66

2,725

3,876

The directors consider that the carrying amount of trade and other payables approximates to fair value due to their 
short maturities. 

The maturity analysis of the trade and other payables for the Group at the year-end was as follows:    

Group
2018

Current

0-30 days

31-60 days

Trade and other payables (£000)

1,801

%

84

328

15

-

-

Group
2017

Current

0-30 days

31-60 days

Trade and other payables (£000)

2,318

%

85

369

14

34

1

Over 60 
days

27

1

Over 60 
days

4

-

Total

2,156

100

Total

2,725

100

6 3

                         
19. C U R R E N T   T A X A T I O N

The Group current tax receivable of £1.0m and payable of £0.4m (2017: receivable of £1.3m and payable of £0.2m) 
represents the amount of income taxes receivable and payable in respect of current and prior years. 

The Company current tax payable is £nil (2017: £nil). 

20. F I N A N C I A L   L I A B I L I T I E S

Group
2018

Finance lease liabilities 

Company
2018

Finance lease liabilities

Group
2017

Deferred contingent consideration

Finance lease liabilities 

Company
2017

Deferred contingent consideration

Total
£000

52

52

Total
£000

-

-

Total
£000

188

83

271

Total
£000

188

188

Less than one 
year
£000

One to two years
£000

More than two 
years
£000

34

34

18

18

-

-

Less than one 
year
£000

One to two years
£000

More than two 
years
£000

-

-

-

-

-

-

Less than one 
year
£000

One to two years
£000

More than two 
years
£000

188

32

220

-

51

51

-

-

-

Less than one 
year
£000

One to two years
£000

More than two 
years
£000

188

188

-

-

-

-

Deferred contingent consideration

The deferred contingent consideration above includes £nil (2017: £0.2m) in respect of the acquisition of Samarind 
Limited. 

6 4

20. F I N A N C I A L   L I A B I L I T I E S   ( C O N T I N U E D )

Finance lease liabilities

Minimum lease payments

Present value of minimum 
lease payment

31 December 2018

31 December 2017

31 December 2018

31 December 2017

Not later than one year

Later than one year and not later than five years

Less future finance charges

Present value of minimum lease payments

36

18

54

(2)

52

36

54

90

(7) 

83

34

18

52

-

52

32

51

83

-

83

Reconcilitaion of liability arising from financing activities

31 December 2018
£000

31 December 2017
£000

At the beginning of the year

Repayment of finance leases

At the end of the year

83

(31)

52

113

(30)

83

21. F I N A N C I A L   I N S T R U M E N T S

All financial instruments held by the Group, as detailed in this note, are classified as “Loans and Receivables” (trade 
and  other  receivables,  excluding  prepayments,  and  cash  and  cash  equivalents),  “Financial  Liabilities  Measured  at 
Amortised Cost” (trade and other payables, excluding statutory liabilities, and deferred consideration) and “Fair value 
through  profit  and  loss”  (other  financial  liabilities  which  reflect  deferred  contingent  consideration,  and  a  forward 
contract shown as a financial asset) under IFRS 9 ‘Financial Instruments'.

The tables on the following pages analyse recurring assets and liabilities carried at fair value.  The different levels are 
defined as follows:

Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity can access at the 
measurement date.

Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either 
directly or indirectly.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.

2018
Group and Company

Level 1
£000

Deferred contingent consideration

-

-

2017
Group and Company

Level 1
£000

Deferred contingent consideration

-

-

Level 2
£000

-

-

Level 2
£000

-

-

Level 3
£000

-

-

Level 3
£000

(188)

(188)

Total
£000

-

-

Total
£000

(188)

(188)

6 5

21. F I N A N C I A L   I N S T R U M E N T S   ( C O N T I N U E D )

The following table shows a reconciliation from the opening balances as at 1 January 2018 to the closing balances as at 
31 December 2018 for Level 3 fair value measurements in respect of both the Group and Company.

Deferred contingent consideration
£000

Balance as at 1 January 2018

Cash payment in the year

Unwinding discount*

Balance as at 31 December 2018

188

(200)

12

-

*Recognised in consolidated statement of comprehensive income and reflected in finance costs

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT

The Group’s activities expose it to a variety of financial risks.  The main financial risks managed by the Group, under 
policies approved by the Board, are interest rate risk, foreign currency risk, liquidity risk and credit risk. 

The Group has in place risk management policies that seek to limit the adverse effects on the financial performance 
of the Group by using various instruments and techniques.  Derivative financial instruments are only used to hedge 
exposures arising in respect of underlying business requirements and not for any speculative purpose.  

Foreign exchange risk

The Group operates internationally and is exposed to foreign currency risk on transactions denominated in a currency 
other  than  the  functional  currency  and  on  the  translation  of  the  statement  of  financial  position  and  statement  of 
comprehensive income of foreign operations into sterling.  The currencies giving rise to this risk are primarily US 
dollars.  The Group has both cash inflows and outflows in this currency that create a natural hedge.  

In managing currency risks the Group aims to reduce the impact of short-term fluctuations on the Group’s cash inflows 
and outflows in a foreign currency.  The Group also hedges any material foreign currency transaction exposure.  

Over the longer  term,  changes  in  foreign  exchange could have an impact on consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 
earnings.  A 10% decrease in the average value of Sterling against the US dollar would have resulted in an increase in 
the Group’s profit before tax by approximately £0.1m (2017: £0.3m). 

Interest rate risk 

The  Group  operates  an  interest  rate  policy  designed  to  minimise  interest  costs  and  reduce  volatility  in  reported 
earnings.

The Group’s bank facility does not allow the US Dollar cash balances to generate interest therefore the Group transfers 
funds from the US dollar account into the sterling account.  Currency transfers have been utilised to maximise the 
interest gains whilst minimising foreign exchange risks.

As at 31 December 2018, the indications are that the UK bank base interest rate will not materially differ over the next 
12 months.  On the basis of the net cash position at 31 December 2018 and assuming no other changes occur (such 
as material changes in currency exchange rates) the change in interest rates will not have a material impact on net 
interest income/(expense). 

6 6

21. F I N A N C I A L   I N S T R U M E N T S   ( C O N T I N U E D )

2018

Group

Trade and other receivables

Cash and cash equivalents

Trade and other payables

Finance lease

2017

Group

Trade and other receivables

Cash and cash equivalents

Trade and other payables

Deferred contingent consideration

Finance lease

2018

Company

Trade and other receivables

Cash and cash equivalents

Trade and other payables

2017

Company

Trade and other receivables

Cash and cash equivalents

Trade and other payables

Deferred contingent consideration

Fixed
rate
£000

-

-

-

(52)

(52)

Fixed
rate
£000

-

-

-

-

(83)

(83)

Fixed
rate
£000

-

-

-

-

Fixed
rate
£000

-

-

-

-

-

Floating
rate
£000

Non-interest 
bearing
£000

-

3,572

-

-

3,572

6,593

-

(1,951)

-

4,642

Floating
rate
£000

Non-interest 
bearing
£000

-

3,064

-

-

-

3,064

Floating
rate
£000

-

 643

-

643

8,493 

-

(2,315)

(188)

-

5,990

Non-interest 
bearing
£000

  3,131

-

(4,595)

(1,464)

Floating
rate
£000

Non-interest 
bearing
£000

-

1,036

-

-

1,036

 2,246

-

(3,876)

(188)

(1,818)

Total
£000

6,593

3,572

(1,951)

(52)

8,162

Restated
Total
£000

8,493

3,064

(2,315)

(188)

(83)

8,971

Total
£000

  3,131

643

(4,595)

(821)

Total
£000

2,246

1,036

(3,876)

(188)

(782)

6 7

21. F I N A N C I A L   I N S T R U M E N T S   ( C O N T I N U E D )

Credit risk

Management aims to minimise the risk of credit losses.

The Group’s financial assets are bank balances and cash and trade and other receivables, which represent the Group’s 
maximum exposure to credit risk in relation to financial assets.

The Group’s credit risk is primarily attributable to its trade receivables and the Group has policies in place to ensure 
that sales of products and services are made to customers with appropriate creditworthiness. 

The amounts presented in the statement of financial position are net of impairment provisions, estimated by the Group’s 
management based on prior experience and their assessment of the present value of estimated future cash flows. An 
allowance for impairment is made where there is an identified loss event which, based on previous experience, is 
evidence of a reduction in the recoverability of the cash flows. 

The Group generates external revenue from no customers which individually amount to more than 10% of the Group 
revenue (2017: nil).  

The Group’s exposure to losses from defaults on trade receivables is reduced due to contractual terms which require 
installation, training, annual licensing and support fees to be invoiced and paid annually in advance.   

Note 16 sets out the impairment provision for credit losses on trade receivables and the ageing analysis of overdue 
trade receivables.  There were no impairment losses recognised on other financial assets.

The Group undertakes procedures to determine whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk of 
its  other  receivables,  including  group  balances,  since  their  initial  recognition.  Where  these  procedures  identify  a 
significant increase in credit risk, the loss allowance is measured based on the risk of a default occurring over the 
expected life of the instrument rather than considering only the default events expected within 12 months of the year-
end.

Liquidity risk 

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group will not be able to meet its financial commitments as they fall due.

The Group’s objective is to ensure that adequate facilities are available through use of bank overdrafts and finance leases.  
The Group manages liquidity risk through regular cash flow forecasting and monitoring of cash flows, management 
review and regular review of working capital and costs.

The Group regularly monitors its available headroom under its borrowing facilities.  At 31 December 2018, its £0.5m 
bank facility was undrawn (2017: £2.0m undrawn).

In respect of the Group’s interest-bearing financial liabilities, the table in note 20 includes details at the reporting date 
of the periods in which they mature.

22. D E F E R R E D   T A X

Group

Deferred tax asset

 Amounts due to be recovered within 12 months

 Amounts due to be recovered after 12 months

Total deferred tax (liability)/asset

2018
£000

-

(12)

(12)

Restated
2017
£000

93

300

393

6 8

22. D E F E R R E D   T A X   ( C O N T I N U E D )

The movement in the year in the Group’s net deferred tax position was as follows:

At beginning of the year

Net charge to income for the year

Net debit to equity

Adjustments in respect of prior years

At end of the year

2018
£000

393

(101)

(221)

(83)

(12)

Restated
2017
£000

947

(84)

(113)

(357)

393

The following are the major deferred tax assets and liabilities recognised by the Group and the movements thereon 
during the year:

Accelerated 
tax 
depreciation
£000

Tax losses
£000

Retirement 
benefit 
obligations
£000

Other timing 
differences
£000

Deferred tax asset/(liability)

At 1 January 2017

Credit/(charge) to profit or loss for the year

Debit to equity for the year

Adjustments in respect of prior years

(835)

177

-

-

At 31 December 2017

(658)

Credit/(charge) to profit or loss for the year

132

Debit to equity for the year

Adjustments in respect of prior years

-

-

897

(70)

-

(133)

694

(257)

-

-

At 31 December 2018

(526)

437

807

(56)

(113)

-

638

(34)

(221)

-

383

78

(135)

-

(224)

(281)

58

-

(83)

(306)

Total
£000

947

(84)

(113)

(357)

393

(101)

(221)

(83)

(12)

Management have recognised deferred tax assets in relation to tax losses based on forecast profitability of the Group 
companies concerned.

Unrecognised tax losses not included at 31 December 2018 were £0.3m (2017: £0.3m) due to uncertainty over the 
timing of the recoverability of these losses.

23. R E T I R E M E N T   B E N E F I T   O B L I G A T I O N S

The Group has four active defined contribution schemes and a closed defined benefit scheme:

Defined contribution pension schemes

GROUP PERSONAL PENSION PLAN - the Scheme was created on 31 December 2008.  The Scheme is a contributory 
money purchase scheme with the employer matching employee contributions to a maximum of 5%.  The employer 
also contributes to the Scheme for former members of Instem LSS Pension Scheme at rates varying from 5% to 18%.  
Employer contributions for the year ended 31 December 2018 were £0.53m (2017: £0.46m).

CONTRACTED IN MONEY PURCHASE SCHEME (CIMP) - the Scheme was created on 31 December 2008.  The 
Scheme is a non-contributory scheme created for former members of the Instem LSS Pension Scheme who are US 
residents.  Employer contributions for the year ended 31 December 2018 were £0.03m (2017: £0.03m).

6 9

23. R E T I R E M E N T   B E N E F I T   O B L I G A T I O N S   ( C O N T I N U E D )

INSTEM LSS (NORTH AMERICA) LIMITED 401K PLAN - the Scheme was created for the benefit of employees 
of Instem LSS (North America) Limited in the USA.  The Scheme is a contributory money purchase scheme with the 
employer matching contributions to the scheme to a maximum of 4.8%.  Employer contributions for the year ended 
31 December 2018 were £0.16m (2017: £0.11m).

BIOWISDOM GPP SCHEME - the Scheme is a Group Personal Pension arrangement with AVIVA set up in 2001.  
Employee members must contribute at least 3% of basic salary and the employer contributes up to a maximum of 6%.  
Employer contributions for the year ended 31 December 2018 were £0.02m (2017: £0.02m).

SAMARIND GROUP PENSION PLAN - the Scheme is a Group Personal Pension arrangement with Scottish Widows. 
This Scheme moved to the Group Personal Pension Plan on 1 November 2017. During the year ended 31 December 
2018 the employer made contributions of £nil (2017: £0.02m).  

Defined benefit pension scheme

The Group also operates a defined benefit pension arrangement  called the Instem LSS Pension Scheme (the Scheme). 
The Scheme  provides benefits based on final  salary and length of service on retirement, leaving service or death. This 
scheme was closed to new members with effect from 8 October 2001. 

The Scheme is subject to the Statutory Funding Objective under the Pensions Act 2004. A valuation of the Scheme 
is carried out at least once every three years to determine whether the Statutory Funding Objective is met. As part of 
the process, the Group must agree with the Trustees of the Scheme the contributions to be paid to meet the Statutory 
Funding Objective. The future contributions required to meet the Statutory Funding Objective do not currently affect 
the balance sheet of the Scheme in these accounts. 

The Scheme is managed by a Board of Trustees appointed in part by the Group and part from elections by members of 
the Scheme. The Trustees have responsibility for obtaining valuations of the Scheme, administering benefit payments 
and investing the Scheme's assets. The Trustees delegate some of these functions to their professional advisors where 
appropriate.

The Scheme exposes the Group to a number of risks: 

• 

• 

• 

Investment risk. The Scheme holds investments in asset classes, such as equities, which have volatile market values 
and while these assets are expected to provide the real returns over the long-term, the short-term volatility can 
cause additional funding to be required if a deficit emerges.

Interest  rate  risk. The  Scheme’s  liabilities  are  assessed  using  market  yields  on  high  quality  corporate  bonds  to 
discount the liabilities. As the Scheme holds assets such as equities the value of the assets and liabilities may not 
move in the same way.

Inflation risk. A significant proportion of the benefits under the Scheme are linked to inflation. Although the 
Scheme’s assets are expected to provide a good hedge against inflation over the long-term, movements over the 
short-term could lead to deficits emerging.

•  Mortality risk. In the event that members live longer than assumed a deficit will emerge in the Scheme.

Apart  from  GMP  equalisation  and  the  increase  on  the  cap  on  certain  pension  increases  there  were  no  Scheme 
amendments, curtailments or settlements during the year.

The  most  recent  comprehensive  actuarial  valuation  was  carried  out  at  5  April  2017  and  the  next  valuation  of  the 
Scheme is due at 5 April 2020. In the event that the valuation reveals a larger deficit than expected the Group may be 
required to increase contributions above those set out in the existing Schedule of Contributions. Conversely, if the 
position is better than expected, it’s possible that contributions may be reduced.

7 0

23. R E T I R E M E N T   B E N E F I T   O B L I G A T I O N S   ( C O N T I N U E D )

The following schedule of contributions was prepared by the Trustees of the Scheme after obtaining the advice of the 
Scheme Actuary appointed by the Trustees and was intended to clear the deficit in the Scheme at the time it was agreed 
in June 2018: 

Period ended

31 March 2018

31 March 2019

31 March 2020

31 March 2021

31 March 2022

31 March 2023

31 March 2024

30 October 2024

Monthly payment (payable in each month except the 
final month in each period) £’000

Balancing payment due before period end £’000

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

203

220

237

255

273

293

313

193

The employer pays the Pension Protection Fund levy each year in respect of the scheme.  It is intended that all other 
expenses associated with the running of the Scheme will be met from the Scheme’s assets.

The  expected  return  on  plan  assets  was  determined  by  considering  the  expected  returns  available  on  the  assets 
underlying the current investment portfolio.  Expected yields on bonds are based on gross redemption yields at the 
reporting date whilst the expected returns on the equity and property investments reflect the long-term real rates of 
return experienced in the respective markets. 

Discount rate (pa)

Inflation (RPI) (pa)

Inflation (CPI) (pa)

Rate of increase in salaries

Rate of increase in pensions in payment

2018
%

3.00

3.10

2.00

N/A

3.00

Life Expectancy assumption (number of years from the age of 65)

Years

Male currently aged 45

Female currently aged 45

Male currently aged 65

Female currently aged 65

ANALYSIS OF AMOUNT CHARGED TO FINANCE COSTS

Interest on pension scheme assets

Interest on pension scheme liabilities

Net finance charge

24.1

25.2

23.1

24.0

2018
£000

212

(384)

(172)

2017
%

2.65

3.10

2.00

N/A

3.00

Years

24.3

25.3

23.2

24.1

2017
£000

278

(407)

(129)

7 1

23. R E T I R E M E N T   B E N E F I T   O B L I G A T I O N S   ( C O N T I N U E D )

Pension schemes are legally required to equalise pension benefits for the effects of unequal Guaranteed Minimum 
Pensions (GMPs) between males and females that were accrued since May 1990. The Group has included a reserve 
of £0.126m in 2018 for the cost of GMP equalisation, based on information from the Group’s pension advisors. This 
amount is charged to non-recurring costs in the Statement of Comprehensive Income.

ANALYSIS OF AMOUNT RECOGNISED IN OTHER COMPREHENSIVE EXPENSE

Losses/(gains) on pension scheme assets in excess of interest

Experience gains on liabilities

Gains from changes to demographic assumptions 

2018
£000

957

-

(65)

(Gains)/losses from changes to financial assumptions                                               

(2,192)

Actuarial gain recognised in other comprehensive expense

(1,300)

CHANGES IN THE PRESENT VALUE OF THE DEFINED BENEFIT OBLIGATION

2018
£000

Opening defined benefit obligation

14,549

Interest cost

Past service cost and GMP reserve

Benefits paid

Experience gain on liabilities

Changes to demographic assumptions

384

203

(224)

-

(65)

Changes to financial assumptions

(2,192)

2017
£000

(686)

(183)

(156)

  361

(664)

2017
£000

14,436

407

-

(316)

(183)

(156)

361

Closing defined benefit obligation

12,655

14,549

CHANGES IN THE FAIR VALUE OF PLAN ASSETS

2018
£000

Opening plan assets

10,799

Expected return

Return on plan assets less interest

Contributions by employer

Benefits paid

289

(957)

499

(224)

Closing plan assets

10,406

2017
£000

9,690

278

686

461

(316)

10,799

The actual return on plan assets was a negative return of £0.67m (2017: positive return £0.96m).

7 2

23. R E T I R E M E N T   B E N E F I T   O B L I G A T I O N S   ( C O N T I N U E D )

AMOUNT RECOGNISED IN THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL 
POSITION

2018
£000

Present value of funded obligations

(12,655)

Fair value of plan assets

Net pension liability

Related deferred tax asset

Net pension liability after deferred tax

RECONCILIATION OF NET DEFINED BENEFIT LIABILITY

Opening net defined benefit liability

Net interest expense and GMP reserve

10,406

(2,249)

383

(1,866)

2018
£000

3,750

298

Remeasurements

(1,300)

Contributions by employer

Closing net defined benefit liability

(499)

2,249

2017
£000

(14,549)

10,799

(3,750)

638

(3,112)

2017
£000

4,746

129

(664)

(461)

3,750

ANALYSIS OF CUMULATIVE AMOUNT RECOGNISED IN OTHER COMPREHENSIVE 
EXPENSE

Cumulative
2018
£000

Cumulative
2017
£000

Actual return less expected return on pension scheme assets

Experience gains and losses arising on scheme liabilities

Changes in demographic assumptions

Changes in assumptions underlying the present value of the scheme liabilities

Cumulative actuarial loss recognised in other comprehensive expense

1,091

(1,628)

354

(3,188)

(3,371)

Actuarial gain recognised in other comprehensive income in the period

1,300

2,048

(1,628)

289

(5,380)

(4,671)

664

MAJOR CATEGORIES OF PLAN ASSETS AS A PERCENTAGE OF FAIR VALUE OF TOTAL PLAN ASSETS

2018

2017

Equities

Property

Bonds

Corporate Bonds

Cash

Other

£000

6,458

781

1,058

1,297

86

726

%

62

8

10

12

1

7

£000

7,468

438

1,104

1,028

553

208

%

69

4

10

10

5

2

10,406

100

10,799

100

7 3

23. R E T I R E M E N T   B E N E F I T   O B L I G A T I O N S   ( C O N T I N U E D )

The five-year history of experience adjustments is as follows:

2018
£000

2017
£000

2016
£000

2015
£000

2014
£000

Present value of defined benefit obligation

(12,655)

(14,549)

(14,436)

(11,782)

(11,405)

Fair value of plan assets

10,406

10,799

9,690

7,849

7,524

Deficit

(2,249)

(3,750)

(4,746)

(3,933)

(3,881)

Experience gains/(loss) on plan liabilities

65

Return on plan assets less interest

(957)

156

686

-

-

1,252

(136)

(138)

(7)

The Group expects to contribute £0.5m to its defined benefit plan in the next financial year (2017: £0.5m).

The following sensitivities apply to the value placed on the liabilities:

Adjustments to assumptions
Approximate effect on liabilities

DISCOUNT RATE

Plus 0.50% pa

Minus 0.50% pa

INFLATION

Plus 0.50% pa

Minus 0.50% pa

LIFE EXPECTANCY

Plus 1 year

Minus 1 year

£000

(1,018)

1,153

1,068

(952)

301

(291)

24. P R O V I S I O N   F O R   L I A B I L I T I E S   A N D   C H A R G E S

At 1 January

Increase in provision during the year

At 31 December

2018
£000

250

-

250

2017
£000

-

250

250

During the year the Group made a provision of £nil (2017: £0.25m) in respect of historical contract disputes. The 
utilisation of this provision is anticipated to be within 2 years.

7 4

25. S H A R E   C A P I T A L

ALLOTTED, CALLED UP AND FULLY PAID

At 1 January

15,886,660 ordinary shares of 10p each (2017: 15,771,398)

31,271 ordinary shares of 10p each (2017: 115,262), issued during the year

At 31 December

2018
£000

1,589

3

1,592

2017
£000

1,577

12

1,589

During the year 31,271 shares were issued in respect of the exercise of share options.

26. E A R N I N G S   P E R   S H A R E

Basic and fully diluted 

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the profit attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted 
average number of ordinary shares in issue during the year.  Diluted earnings per share is calculated by adjusting the 
weighted number of ordinary shares outstanding to assume conversion of all dilutive potential shares arising from the 
share option scheme.  The dilutive impact of the share options is calculated by determining the number of shares that 
could have been acquired at fair value (determined as the average market share price of the Company’s shares) based 
on the monetary value of the subscription rights attached to the outstanding share options. 

Profit after tax 
(£000)

Earnings per share - Basic

1,470

Potentially dilutive shares

-

Earnings per share - Diluted

1,470

2018

Weighted 
average 
number of 
shares (000’s)

15,909

940

16,849

Earnings per 
share (pence)

Profit after tax 
(£000)

9.2

-

8.7

642

-

642

Restated 2017

Weighted 
average 
number of 
shares (000’s)

15,831

328

16,159

Earnings per 
share (pence)

4.1

-

4.0

The adoption of IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers has impacted Earnings per share (basic and fully 
diluted). The pre-restated 2017 position is:

Pre-restated
Profit after tax 
(£000)

Earnings per share - Basic

1,094

Potentially dilutive shares

-

Earnings per share - Diluted

1,094

2017

Weighted 
average 
number of 
shares (000’s)

15,831

328

16,159

Pre-restated
Earnings per 
share (pence)

6.9

-

6.8

7 5

26. E A R N I N G S   P E R   S H A R E   ( C O N T I N U E D )

Adjusted 

Adjusted earnings per share is calculated after adjusting for the effect of foreign currency exchange on the revaluation 
of inter-group balances included in finance income/(costs), non-recurring items and amortisation of intangibles on 
acquisitions. Diluted adjusted earnings per share is calculated by adjusting the weighted number of ordinary shares 
outstanding to assume conversion of all dilutive potential shares arising from the share option scheme.  The dilutive 
impact of the share options is calculated by determining the number of shares that could have been acquired at fair 
value (determined as the average market share price of the Company’s shares) based on the monetary value of the 
subscription rights attached to the outstanding share options. 

Adjusted
Profit after tax 
(£000)

Earnings per share - Basic

2,611

Potentially dilutive shares

-

Earnings per share - Diluted

2,611

2018

Weighted 
average 
number of 
shares (000’s)

15,909

940

16,849

Adjusted
Earnings per 
share (pence)

Adjusted
Profit after tax 
(£000)

16.4

-

15.5

1,782

-

1,782

2017

Weighted 
average 
number of 
shares (000’s)

15,831

328

16,159

Adjusted
Earnings per 
share (pence)

11.3

-

11.0

The adoption of IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers has impacted Earnings per share (adjusted basic 
and fully diluted). The pre-restated 2017 position is:

Pre-restated
Profit after tax 
(£000)

Earnings per share - Basic

2,234

Potentially dilutive shares

-

Earnings per share - Diluted

2,234

2017

Weighted 
average 
number of 
shares (000’s)

15,831

328

16,159

Pre-restated
Earnings per 
share (pence)

14.1

-

13.8

Reconciliation of adjusted profit before tax:

Reported profit before tax

Non-recurring costs

Amortisation of acquired intangibles

Foreign exchange differences on revaluation of inter-group balances

Adjusted profit before tax

Tax

Adjusted profit after tax

2018
£000

1,677

539

788

(186)

2,818

(207)

2,611

Restated 2017
£000

252

443

931

(234)

1,392

390

1,782

7 6

27. C A P I T A L   A N D   R E S E R V E S

Share capital
The share capital account represents the par value for all shares issued.  The Company has one class of share and each 
share rank parri passu and carry equal rights.

Share premium account
The share premium account is used to record amounts received in excess of the nominal value of shares on issue of 
new shares less the costs of new share issues.

Merger reserve
The  merger  reserve  represents  the  difference  between  the  consideration  payable  at  the  date  of  acquisition,  net  of 
merger relief, and the share capital and share premium of Instem Life Science Systems Limited.

Shares to be issued
The shares to be issued reserve represents the shares to be issued under the share option scheme and shares contingently 
issuable on acquisitions.

Translation reserve
The translation reserve incorporates the cumulative net exchange gains and losses recognised on the translation of 
subsidiary company financial information to the presentational currency of Sterling (£). 

Retained earnings
The retained earnings reserve includes the accumulated profits and losses arising from the consolidated ‘Statement of 
Comprehensive Income’ and certain items from ‘Other Comprehensive Income’ attributable to equity shareholders 
net of distributions to shareholders.

Capital management
The Group’s main objective when managing capital is to protect returns to shareholders by ensuring the Group will 
continue to trade profitably in the foreseeable future.  The Group also aims to maximise the capital structure of debt 
and equity so as to minimise its cost of capital.

The Group manages its capital with regard to the risks inherent in the business and the sector within which it operates 
by monitoring its gearing ratio on a regular basis. 

The Group considers its capital to include share capital, share premium, merger reserve, shares to be issued, translation 
reserve, retained earnings and net debt as noted below. 

Net debt includes short and long-term borrowings (including overdrafts and lease obligations) net of cash and cash 
equivalents.  

The Group has not made any changes to its capital management during the year.

28. C A P I T A L   C O M M I T M E N T S

There were no capital commitments at the end of the financial year (2017: £nil).

7 7

29. O P E R A T I N G   L E A S E S   P A YA B L E

Minimum lease payments under operating leases recognised as an expense in the year

At the reporting date, the Group has future aggregate minimum lease payments, which 
fall due as follows:

Land and buildings

  Within one year

  In the second to fifth year inclusive

  After five years

Plant and machinery

  Within one year

  In the second to fifth year inclusive

2018
£000

564

2018
£000

603

2,496

244

17

3

3,363

2017
£000

582

2017
£000

461

1,369

368

24

20

2,242

Operating lease payments represent rentals payable by the Group for property leases and certain equipment.  Leases 
have varying terms and renewal rights.  The above leasing arrangements do not contain any restrictive covenants, 
contingent rents or purchase options.

The operating leases in relation to the office buildings contain a dilapidation clause whereby Instem plc must make 
good any damage to the demised premises on expiration of the lease.  The Directors estimate that the current liability 
is not material to warrant provision at the period end.

No operating leases are held by the Company.

7 8

30. R E L A T E D   P A R T Y   T R A N S A C T I O N S

Transactions between Group companies have not been disclosed as these have all been eliminated in the preparation of 
the consolidated financial statements. During the year, the Company traded with subsidiary companies in its normal 
course of business. These transactions related to recharges and totalled in aggregate £1.0m (2017: £0.7m).  The net 
intercompany balances due from the Company at the year-end totalled £1.3m (2017: due from: £1.5m).

During the year, the Group traded in its normal course of business with shareholders and consultancy businesses in 
which Directors have a material interest as follows:

KEY MANAGEMENT COMPENSATION:

2018
£000

2017
£000

Group and Company

Fees for services provided as Non-Executive Directors

Salaries and short-term benefits

Employer's national insurance & social security costs

Group

Executive Directors

Salaries and short-term benefits

Post-employment retirement benefits

Employers’ national insurance & social security costs

Share based payment charge

Group

Other key management

Salaries and short-term employee benefits

Post-employment retirement benefits

Employers’ national insurance & social security costs

Share based payment charge

120

11

131

335

41

23

91

490

968

51

68

125

1,212

120

10

130

340

40

24

73

477

1,029

51

67

66

1,213

The Company paid £0.05m (2017: £0.05m) to Instem Ventures Limited, a company owned by A Gare, a shareholder.  
The balance outstanding at the end of the year was £nil (2017: £nil).

The  Company  paid  £0.018m  (2017:  £0.03m)  to  Noble  Adamson  Limited,  a  company  owned  by  M  McGoun,  an 
independent non-executive director and a shareholder.  The balance outstanding at the end of the year was £0.003m 
(2017: £0.009m).

In November 2016, the Group made a loan of £0.07m to a member of the key management team. Interest is accrued at 
a rate of 3%. The balance outstanding at the end of the year was £0.07m (2017: £0.07m). The loan and accrued interest 
has been repaid in full in 2019.

Key management are considered to be the Directors together with the Senior Managers of the business. 

7 9

31. C O N T I N G E N T   L I A B I L I T I E S

Instem plc has provided a guarantee to its subsidiaries which have taken advantage of the exemption from audit.  
Under this guarantee, the company has a contingent liability of £9.0m (2017: £9.0m).

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D I R E C T O R S   A N D   A D V I S O R S 

D I R E C T O R S
D Gare (Non-Executive Chairman)
M F McGoun (Independent Non-Executive)
D M Sherwin (Non- Executive)
P J Reason
N J Goldsmith

S E C R E T A R Y
N J Goldsmith

R E G I S T E R E D   O F F I C E
Diamond Way
Stone Business Park
Stone
Staffordshire
ST15 0SD
Tel: +44 1785 825600
Fax: +44 1785 825633
www.instem.com

Company No: 07148099

A U D I T O R
RSM UK Audit LLP
Chartered Accountants
14th Floor 
Chapel Street
Liverpool
L3 9AG

B A N K E R
National Westminster Bank Plc
1 Spinningfields Square
Manchester M2 3AP

N O M I N A T E D   A D V I S O R   A N D   B R O K E R
Nplus1 Singer Advisory LLP
One Bartholomew Lane
London EC2N 2AX

R E G I S T R A R S
Computershare Investor Services PLC
The Pavilions
Bridgewater Road
Bristol BS13 8AE

S O L I C I T O R S
Squire Patton Boggs (UK) LLP
Trinity Court
16 John Dalton Street
Manchester M60 8HS

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O U R   C L I E N T S

O u r   c l i e n t s 

i n c l u d e   t h e s e   f i n e 

o r g a n i s a t i o n s

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I n s t e m   s u p p o r t s   i t s   g l o b a l 

r o s t e r   o f   c l i e n t s   t h r o u g h 

o f f i c e s   i n   t h e   U n i t e d 

S t a t e s ,   U n i t e d   K i n g d o m , 

F r a n c e ,   J a p a n ,   C h i n a   a n d 

I n d i a .

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UK

Global Headquarters 

UK & European Operations

Diamond Way

Stone Business Park

Stone

Staffordshire, ST15 0SD

United Kingdom

Tel: +44 (0) 1785 825600

USA

North American Headquarters

Eight Tower Bridge

161 Washington Street

Suite 1550, 15th Floor

Conshohocken, PA 19428

United States

Tel: +1 (610) 941 0990

China

Asia-Pacific Headquarters

Room 205, Building 16

88 Darwin Road

Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Pudong District

Shanghai

China, 201203

Tel: +86 (0) 21 5131 2080

e-mail: investors@instem.com

instem.com

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