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Instem plc

ins.l · LSE Healthcare
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Employees 201-500
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FY2019 Annual Report · Instem plc
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A N N U A L 
R E P O R T
2019

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5

M o r e   t h a n   5 0 0 
c l i e n t s

Instem has over 500 
customers with its blue 
chip customer base 
consisting of the leading 
pharmaceutical, medical 
device, chemical and 
contract research 
organisations as well as 
academic, government 
and privately funded 
research institutions 
across many sites 
worldwide. These 
include all of the top 
25 pharmaceutical and 
biotech companies such 
as GlaxoSmithKline and 
AstraZeneca.

A n n u a l   R e p o r t

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CONTENTS

HIGHLIGHTS

CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT

STRATEGIC REPORT

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE STATEMENT

DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION REPORT

DIRECTORS’ REPORT

DIRECTORS’ RESPONSIBILITY STATEMENT

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF INSTEM PLC

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION

COMPANY STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

COMPANY STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

COMPANY STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 

ACCOUNTING POLICIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DIRECTORS AND ADVISORS

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31

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39

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43

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58

100

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A s   t h e   n u m b e r   o n e 

g l o b a l   p r o v i d e r , 

w e   e s t i m a t e   t h a t 

a p p r o x i m a t e l y 

h a l f   o f   t h e   w o r l d ’ s 

p r e c l i n i c a l   d r u g 

s a f e t y   d a t a   h a s   b e e n 

c o l l e c t e d   o v e r   t h e 

l a s t   2 0   y e a r s   u s i n g 

I n s t e m   s o f t w a r e .

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P o w e r f u l   S o l u t i o n s   •   U n i q u e   P e r s p e c t i v e   •   G l o b a l   C o v e r a g e

Instem is a leading provider of IT solutions & services 
to  the  life  sciences  market  delivering  compelling 
solutions for Study Management and Data Collection; 
Regulatory Solutions for Submissions and Compliance; 
and Informatics-based Insight Generation.

Instem  solutions  are  in  use  by  over  500  customers 
worldwide, including all the largest 25 pharmaceutical 
companies,  enabling  clients  to  bring  life  enhancing 
products to market faster. Instem’s portfolio of software 
solutions  increases  client  productivity  by  automating 

study-related processes while offering the unique ability 
to generate new knowledge through the extraction and 
harmonisation of actionable scientific information.

Instem products and services now address aspects of the 
entire  drug  development  value  chain,  from  discovery 
through to market launch. Management estimate that 
over 50% of all drugs on the market have been through 
some  part  of  Instem’s  platform  at  some  stage  of  their 
development.  To  learn  more  about  Instem  solutions 
and its mission, please visit instem.com.

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H I G H L I G H T S

W e   a r e   d e l i g h t e d   w i t h   o u r   p e r f o r m a n c e   d u r i n g   t h e   p e r i o d 

w i t h   o u r   p r o v e n   b u s i n e s s   m o d e l   g e n e r a t i n g

i m p r o v e m e n t s   a c r o s s   a l l   o f   o u r   k e y   p e r f o r m a n c e   m e t r i c s .

F I N A N C I A L   H I G H L I G H T S

O P E R A T I O N A L   H I G H L I G H T S

•  Revenues increased 13% to £25.7m (2018: 

•  Continued transition to SaaS deployment, 

increasing recurring revenue

•  Rapidly growing informatics service, automating 

a key industry process of “Target Safety 
Assessment”

•  Earnings enhancing acquisition of Leadscope 
Inc for up to $4.7m, extending our artificial 
intelligence technology offering and opening up 
cross-selling and upselling opportunities
•  FDA’s SEND initiative continued to underpin 

strong technology enabled outsourced services 
revenue growth

£22.7m)
• 

Software as a Service (SaaS) revenues 
increased 16% to £6.4m (2018: £5.5m)
•  Recurring revenues (annual support and 

SaaS) increased 9% to £14.9m (2018: £13.7m)

•  Adjusted EBITDA* of £4.9m (2018: £4.1m)
•  Reported loss before tax of £0.9m (2018: profit of 
£1.7m), after **non-cash goodwill and intangible 
asset impairment of £3.2m (2018: £nil)
•  Adjusted profit before tax*** of £3.2m (2018: 

£2.8m)

•  Fully diluted loss per share of (5.7p) (2018: 8.7p 

earnings per share)

•  Adjusted*** fully diluted earnings per share of 

18.4p (2018: 15.5p)

•  Cash balance as at 31 December 2019 of £6.0m 

(2018: £3.6m)

*Earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, amortisation, 
impairment of goodwill and capitalised development costs and
non-recurring items. 2019 reflects the adoption of IFRS16.
** This is associated with our Clinical business and covered in 
more detail in the Strategic Report.
***After adjusting for the effect of foreign currency exchange on 
the revaluation of inter-company balances included in
finance income/(costs), non-recurring items, impairment of 
goodwill and capitalised development costs and amortisation
of intangibles on acquisitions. 
Profit is adjusted in this way to provide a clearer measure of 
underlying operating performance.

6

We are delighted with our performance during the 
period with our proven business model generating

improvements across all of our key performance 
metrics. We have an established base from which to 
grow, both organically and via acquisition, and have 
established long-term relationships with our blue-chip 
client base. Importantly, we are well positioned to add 
new clients and generate increasing revenues from 
existing clients while our transition to a SaaS model 
increases visibility.

Increased revenue predictability and high retention 
rates provide a strong foundation from which the 
business can grow as it builds on the momentum 
achieved during 2019. While some future uncertainty 
inevitably remains as a consequence of the COVID-19 
pandemic, the majority of our revenue comes from 
clients whose laboratories are regarded as “essential 
businesses” and therefore remain active, with many 
working on COVID-19 related vaccines and therapies. 
Consequently, we have remained very busy, have good 
visibility over a strong H1 2020 performance and 
continue to have confidence in the longer term outlook 
for the business, supported by a strong cash balance 
at the end of April 2020 of £8.3m. Our staff are 
currently working effectively from home and are highly 
motivated by our work which is directly contributing to 
COVID-19 research and development.

P J Reason
Chief Executive

H i g h l i g h t s

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“Our performance for the full year 

builds on the momentum achieved 

during the first half, with the 

Company producing strong results 

across all business areas whilst 

strengthening its overall offering via 

the acquisition of Leadscope."

D Gare

Non-Executive Chairman

C h a i r m a n ' s   S t a t e m e n t

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C H A I R M A N ' S   S T A T E M E N T

Our performance for the full year builds on the momentum 
achieved during the first half, with the Company producing 
strong results across all business areas whilst strengthening 
its overall offering via the acquisition of Leadscope.
We are delighted to report a 13% increase in total revenues 
year-on-year.  Our  strategic  move  towards  high  quality 
SaaS  revenues  contributed  to  a  9%  growth  in  recurring 
revenues  for  the  period,  providing  increased  levels  of 
certainty  and  visibility.  Importantly,  the  proportional 
reduction in perpetual licence revenues makes the business 
less susceptible to the unpredictable nature of relying on 
significant contract wins to meet forecast expectations.

The cash balance at the year-end was £6.0m (2018: £3.6m).

F I R M   F O U N D A T I O N S

Given the successful and ongoing transition to SaaS-based 
revenues the Company is benefiting from increasing levels 
of  predictability  whereby  revenues  are  recognised  on  a 
monthly  basis  over  the  subscription  period.  This  form 
of contract is proving attractive to both existing and new 
clients. The Company has proven its ability to manage this 
strategic  change  in  revenue  mix  with  SaaS-based  orders 
and  revenue  growth  exceeding  the  Board’s  expectations 
during the period.
The combination of organic and acquisitive growth during 
the  period  has  resulted  in  a  further  diversification  of 
revenue  streams  while  also  providing  opportunities  for 
the  Company  to  cross-sell  and  upsell  to  existing  clients. 
November’s  acquisition  of  Leadscope  strengthened  the 
Company’s  Artificial  Intelligence  (“AI”)  offering.  We  see 
the  AI  sector  as  an  increasingly  important  part  of  our 
business and are extremely excited by the growth potential, 
albeit from a low base.

S T R A T E G I C   D I R E C T I O N

The business has a number of key growth drivers and we 
believe  that  the  momentum  achieved  during  the  period 
provides  validation  of  its  strategic  potential.  We  were 
delighted to have made notable progress on a number of 
fronts during the period, namely:
•  Continued growth in SaaS-based revenues both through 
new  business  wins  and  via  the  ongoing  conversion  of 
existing clients. As such, SaaS-based revenue increased 
16% to £6.4m during the period;

•  The  expansion  of  "technology  enabled  outsourced 
services", where 2019 revenue was £5.6m (2018: £3.3m):
•  Our market leading offering for the SEND services 
business  continued  to  perform  well  during  the 
period.

•  We  strengthened  our  AI  services  with  increased 
demand  for  Target  Safety  Assessment  (“TSA”) 
driving  revenue  growth  and  the  acquisition  of 

Leadscope  broadening  our  offering.  This  has 
provided  a  new  entry  point  for  the  Company, 
consequently  strengthening  growth  opportunities 
within  our  existing  client  base  whilst  at  the  same 
time increasing our attraction to new clients.

We  have  made  a  non-cash  impairment  provision  of 
£3.2m against goodwill and other intangible assets in our 
Alphadas  early  phase  clinical  data  collection  business, 
which  is  commented  on  in  more  detail  in  the  Strategic 
Report.  The  proportion  of  revenue  associated  with  the 
clinical business is immaterial in the context of the Group 
as a whole.
In  light  of  COVID-19,  the  Instem  Board  decided  in 
March  2020  that  until  any  material  business  risk  from 
the pandemic is behind us, our 2020 objectives would be 
moderated so that we can successfully navigate the crisis. 
We will strive to ensure that we retain a global, leading and 
enthusiastic  set  of  employees,  clients  and  investors,  who 
will enable us to capitalise on opportunities as the world 
recovers. Consequently, our revised focus will be to:
•  Ensure  our  staff  and  their  families  stay  safe,  engaged 

and effective;

•  Provide the products and services that our clients need 

to continue their important work; and

•  Take  appropriate  action  where  necessary  to  safeguard 

our strong and stable financial position.

Notwithstanding  COVID-19,  our  non-organic  growth 
ambitions  remain 
intact;  we  continue  to  evaluate 
acquisition opportunities and our strategy to consolidate 
our fragmented industry is a key focus. We will maintain 
our  rigorous  approach  to  appraisal  and  diligence  of  any 
acquisition targets. I remain confident that our objective 
to acquire complementary technologies or enter adjacent 
markets  will  be  successfully  executed,  particularly  given 
our balance sheet strength.
I  am  pleased  to  report  that  our  staff  have  safely  and 
effectively  transitioned  to  home  working,  our  clients 
have,  on  the  whole,  continued  to  operate  and  Instem  is 
increasingly  playing  an  important  role  in  contributing 
directly 
their  COVID-19  related  research  and 
to 
development activities.
I am extremely satisfied with the Company’s performance 
during  the  period  as  we  continued  to  grow  the  business 
organically whilst providing an increasingly stable revenue 
model with improved quality of earnings. So far in 2020, 
business has been strong, we anticipate a robust H1 2020 
performance and we are cautiously optimistic that this will 
continue through the remainder of the year. In summary 
we have a highly scalable platform and are excited by both 
organic and acquisitive growth opportunities.

D Gare
Non-Executive Chairman

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S T R A T E G I C   R E P O R T

S T R A T E G I C   D E V E L O P M E N T

• 

• 
• 
• 

‘technology  enabled 

During  the  period  under  review  Instem  generated 
positive returns across the Group with key momentum 
drivers being:
• 
• 

increased levels of recurring revenues;
the ongoing transition to high-quality subscription-
based SaaS revenues;
continued  expansion  of 
outsourced services’;
growing regulatory-backed opportunities;
strong organic growth; and 
further broadening of our product portfolio via the 
earnings enhancing acquisition of Leadscope. 
Importantly,  the  Company  delivered  increased  profit 
whilst  investing  in  its  products  and  personnel.  This 
provided capacity and scope to increase the Company’s 
market  share  at  the  same  time  as  increasing  cross-
selling and upselling opportunities within the existing 
client base. 
There  was  a  78%  increase  in  new  business  SaaS 
subscription order value over the prior year, with the 
proportion  of  SaaS  subscription  orders  compared 
with perpetual software licenses increasing from 33% 
in 2018 to 64% in 2019.  Some of this increased order 
value benefited SaaS revenue in 2019 but the first full 
year impact will be realised in 2020.

C O V I D - 1 9

With  both  staff  and  customers  based  in  China,  some 
directly in Wuhan, Instem’s Business Continuity team 
was engaged at the early stages of the pandemic. Our 
first priority was to address personal safety and to then 
ensure  business  continuity  for  both  Instem  and  our 
clients.  Our  Business  Continuity  team  has  continued 
to  spearhead  our  response  as  the  crisis  has  escalated 
and spread worldwide.
Like  most  businesses,  we  have  been  closely  following 
and  implementing  the  advice  of  agencies,  such  as 
the  World  Health  Organization  and  US  Centers  for 
Disease Control & Prevention, and quickly introduced 
international  and  domestic  travel  bans,  as  well  as 
policies to increase hygiene and social distancing.  We 
required staff with even mild symptoms to stay at, or 
work from home and thus far our operations have not 
been materially impacted. 
While these measures have had some impact on client-
related  site  work,  we  have  worked  collaboratively 

1 0

with our customers to find ways to complete much of 
this  work  remotely.  In  some  cases,  this  is  increasing 
efficiency as we save on both the time and expense of 
international travel and we hope to see some enduring 
benefits as we, and our clients, realise how much can be 
achieved in this way.
Instem is fortunate to have invested heavily over the last 
5 years in technology that supports our widely dispersed 
workforce and the many staff that already work entirely, 
or  frequently,  from  home.  Our  regulatory  compliant 
framework,  certification  to  quality  standard  ISO 
9001  and  information  security  management  standard 
ISO  27001,  all  require  us  to  have  a  risk  management 
and  business  continuity  mindset  embedded  in  the 
organisation.  We  also  reflect  these  requirements  with 
the  operational  partners  on  whom  we  rely,  and  they 
have  confirmed  their  ability  to  continue  to  support 
Instem and our clients during this crisis.
We have quickly, but carefully, moved to a position where 
all of our staff are working from home, keeping ahead 
of  those  locations  where  governmental  mandatory 
“work from home” and/or “shelter at home” is now in 
place. As a business supporting critical, life enhancing/
sustaining  scientific  research  and  development  such 
as  the  activities  we  are  now  routinely  undertaking  to 
produce  SEND  submissions  for  COVID-19  related 
drugs and vaccines, we believe that we will likely retain 
the right to attend our offices; however our personnel 
are only doing so in exceptional circumstances. We are 
starting to see some limited domestic travel to sites in 
China, to satisfy prior client commitments, as business 
there returns to a “new normal”.
While most of our staff are working equally efficiently 
remotely, we are addressing situations where staff need 
to  balance  home  working  with  caring  for  children  at 
home or other dependents, and also occasions where 
external  network  connectivity  is  challenged  as  entire 
regions are restricted to home working and schooling.
The immediate disruption to client operations, as they 
determined  how  to  adopt  safe  working  practices  for 
their  essential  laboratory  staff  and  transitioned  other 
staff to home working, seems to be largely behind us.  
Some  new  business  opportunities  have  been  delayed, 
principally  those  in  the  early  phase  clinical  and 
academic  sectors,  although  most  2020  opportunities 
remain  within  the  year  and,  to  date,  no  pipeline 
opportunities have been cancelled altogether by clients. 

While we cannot be certain what the impact will be of 
a sustained period of global business disruption, at this 
point, we believe that Instem and the majority of our 
clients are well positioned to successfully manage their 
way through it.
One  particularly  beneficial  impact  of  the  extensive 
work-from-home  restrictions  has  been  a  significant 
improvement in the ability for our boutique corporate 
finance  partner  to  contact  principals  in  potential 
acquisition targets, as part of their target identification 
and  qualification  assignment.    It  has  also  facilitated 
follow-on  meetings  for  the  Instem  team  with  those 
businesses deemed interesting, with ongoing dialogue 
across a number of potentially interesting opportunities.  
Surveys of strategic and financial buyers are suggesting 
that acquisition valuation multiples have reduced as a 
consequence  of  COVID-19,  which  may  help  unlock 
some opportunities for Instem.

S E C T I O N   1 7 2   S T A T E M E N T

In  accordance  with  section  172  of  the  Companies 
Act  2006  the  Directors,  collectively  and  individually, 
confirm that during the year ended 31 December 2019, 
they acted in good faith and have upheld their ‘duty to 
promote the success of the company’ to the benefit of 
its stakeholder groups.
Instem identifies five key stakeholder groups associated 
with our business:
•  Employees
•  Clients
• 
•  Partners
•  Communities in which we operate

Shareholders

their  positive  engagement. 

Employees
We  recognise  that  our  employees  are  critical  to  the 
success  of  our  business  and  we  focus  considerable 
attention  on 
  This 
commences  from  their  initial  induction  into  the 
company  where  new  joiners  are  introduced  to  our 
Company  Values  and  our  Culture  Handbook,  which 
provide  a  framework  for  ensuring  an  alignment 
between  company  and  employee  interests.    There  is 
frequent  and  open  communication  with  employees, 
who are encouraged to share their opinions, informally 
and  through  regular  surveys,  both  attributable  and 
anonymous.    We  have  consistently  used  the  Gallup 
Q12 engagement  questions  in our surveys to  identify 
trends and our survey questions have been expanded 
over recent years to align with those used by the Great 
Place  to  Work®  organization.    Employee-led,  location 
specific  Action  Groups  propose  and 
implement 
changes  to  address  employee  identified  opportunities 
for improvement.

Clients
We are fortunate to operate in an industry that has a 
highly collaborative culture with many businesses and 
scientific  related  societies  and  organisations.    Instem 
participates widely in these groups, networking closely 
with our clients and prospects, often taking a leadership 
role based on the considerable expertise of our staff and 
the broad experience we gain from working with many 
clients.    In  addition,  Instem  organizes  multiple  client 
engagement  forums  related  to  sectors  of  our  market, 
specific  products  and  common  industry  practices  or 
regulation.    These  Special  Interest  Groups  provide 
input to strategy and operations, allowing us to ensure 
that  our  products  and  services  meet  the  needs  of  the 
entire client (and prospect) community.
We survey our clients annually and, more regularly, at 
the completion of each project and as we address each 
client support call.  These surveys also help us to plan 
and prioritise changes to our products, services and the 
broader  engagement  we  have  with  clients  across  our 
business.
In February 2019 we held the first meeting of our new 
Client  Strategic  Advisory  Board  (“SAB”),  comprising 
senior staff, with a broad industry perspective, from a 
variety of client organisations. The SAB, which meets 
twice  per  year,  is  tasked  with  informing/validating 
Instem  high-level  business,  product  and  service 
strategy to ensure we maximise our mission to enable 
our  clients  to  bring  their  life  enhancing  products  to 
market faster.

Shareholders
With  the  professional  guidance  of  our  broker  and 
nominated adviser, N+1 Singer, and our financial public 
relations  advisers,  Walbrook  PR,  the  Group  engages 
with  shareholders  through  multiple  channels,  aiming 
to  provide  clear  and  informative  updates.    Regulated 
News  Service  releases  are  provided  regularly,  both 
those required as an AIM-listed business and additional 
releases  to  keep  shareholders,  and  the  wider  market, 
informed about interesting business developments.  We 
undertake  multi-day  institutional  investor  roadshows 
following  the  announcement  of  interim  and  full-year 
results, which provides an opportunity to also engage 
with a wider group of financial analysts and media.  We 
typically also organise or attend retail investor events, 
to  ensure  all  shareholders  have  access  to  executive 
management on a regular basis.
As  broker  research  is  typically  not  available  to  all 
shareholders,  we  engage  Progressive  Equity  Research 
to produce additional analyst research, which is freely 
available  from  the  Instem  Investor  Centre  website 
and through other investor channels.  In addition, we 

1 1

S T R A T E G I C   R E P O R T   ( C O N T I N U E D )

few 

subscribe for services from Proactive Investor who make 
a range of Instem video and audio interviews available 
for  shareholder  and  wider  investor  consumption, 
aggregated with their own financial journalist coverage 
of Instem news.
While  our  annual  general  meeting  typically  attracts 
very 
independent  shareholders,  voting  on 
shareholder  resolutions  provides  a  formal  avenue  to 
receive  shareholder  feedback  and  an  opportunity  for 
us  to  consider  the  implications  should  resolutions 
not pass unanimously.  We also take note of feedback 
from shareholder representative groups, who typically 
provide  structured  feedback  ahead  of  annual  general 
meetings.

Partners
Instem has a number of strategic partners, with whom 
we actively engage to enhance our portfolio of world-
leading  products  and  services.    Formal  agreements 
govern  these  relationships  and  nominated  Instem 
employees  are  responsible  for  maintaining  a  regular 
and  open  dialogue  to  ensure  ongoing  alignment 
of  interests.    We  frequently  engage  our  partners  in 
the  wide  variety  of  methods  of  client  engagement 
described above to ensure they have a direct two-way 
line of communication with the end-users.

Communities
Instem  has  several  offices  around  the  world  and 
many employees who work from home. We recognise 
our  role  as  responsible  employers  and  community 
representatives and encourage and support our staff in 
this regard, regularly providing matching funding for 
charitable activities.  There are regular staff organised 
fund raising events and other activities to support local 
causes that occur within our offices.
With  only  office  (and  home)  based  activities,  our 
environmental 
is  generally  quite  modest 
although  we  do  encourage  efficient  energy  usage  and 
recycling in office locations.  We also consider energy 
usage  with  our  external  data  centre  partners  as  our 
clients increasingly adopt our SaaS solutions increasing 
our  data  centre  footprint.    Through  investment  in 
technology,  staff  in  the  right  places  and  changing 
business  practices,  we  are  also  striving  to  reduce  the 
amount of air travel for staff between our international 
offices and to our globally dispersed client-base.
Significantly, from a global community perspective, we 
also recognise the considerable role we play in helping 
our  clients  to  provide  their  life  enhancing  products 

impact 

across  the  world.    We  continually  assess  how  we  can 
optimize  what  we  do  to  accelerate  the  availability  of 
safe and effective drugs, vaccines and medical devices, 
as well as safer and more effective agrochemicals, that 
help  to  increase  production  to  feed  an  ever-growing 
world population. 

M A R K E T   R E V I E W

The  market  backdrop  continues  to  be  favourable  for 
the  Company  given  global  population  growth  and 
life  expectancy  underpinning 
increased  demand 
for  successful  innovation  in  life  sciences.  Increasing 
amounts  are  being  invested  in  the  biotech  industry 
with  the  pharmaceuticals  sector  investing  heavily  in 
drug development. 
In  the  pharmaceutical  industry,  which  represents  the 
largest proportion of Instem’s revenue, we refer again to 
the Pharma R&D Annual Review, the 2020 version of 
which was released by Pharma Intelligence in March this 
year.  This report shows that the industry grew strongly 
in the last 12 months with a 9.6% increase (2019: 6%) 
in the total number of drugs in the regulatory stages of 
global R&D, continuing a multi-year growth trend that, 
subject to the potential impact of COVID-19, sees no 
sign of abating.  Most relevant to Instem is the 13.2% 
increase (2019: 6%) in the number of drugs at the pre-
clinical  (or  non-clinical)  phase  of  drug  development, 
that accounts for much of our business.
With  Instem’s  suite  of  products  providing  faster  and 
more  cost-effective  routes  to  market  by  enabling 
clients to analyse, report and submit data to regulatory 
agencies,  the  Company  continues  to  benefit  from 
growing  demand  for  its  products  and  services.  The 
regulatory-backed Standard for the Exchange of Non-
clinical Data (“SEND”) market is estimated to be worth 
approximately  $50m  in  2021  and  Instem  remains 
well placed to continue to take a meaningful share of 
this  growing  market  with  evolving  regulation  set  to 
underpin the longer-term opportunity.
November’s acquisition of Leadscope provides further 
regulatory-backed  growth  opportunities  given  that 
a  number  of  the  world's  major  regulatory  agencies, 
including  the  FDA  and  the  European  Medicines 
Agency,  adopted  a  standard  known  as  ICH  M7  (R1) 
for  the  assessment  and  control  of  DNA  reactive 
(mutagenic)  impurities  in  pharmaceuticals  to  limit 
potential carcinogenic risk. 
Importantly,  Leadscope  is  especially  well-placed  for 

1 2

growth  having  worked  extensively  through  research 
collaboration agreements (“RCAs”) with the FDA, and 
in  collaboration  with  other  agencies,  to  develop  both 
predictive and expert review solutions for ICH M7 (R1) 
and has licensed the software widely in the industry.

S T U D Y   M A N A G E M E N T

Instem’s  focus  here 
is  on  automating  processes 
associated  with  pre-clinical  and  early  phase  clinical 
study planning, data collection, analysis and reporting. 
The move of long-standing clients to SaaS deployment 
continued  during  the  period  while  the  addition  of 
a  number  of  new  clients  utilising  the  SaaS  model 
contributed strongly to the changing revenue mix with 
28%  of  the  Company’s  study  management  business 
now  aligned  to  this  revenue  model.  Importantly,  the 
Company continues to work closely with its clients as 
part of its carefully managed programme to transfer all 
clients to a SaaS-dominated deployment model.
This  area  includes  Instem’s  market  leading  Provantis 
product  suite,  which  enjoyed  record  new  client  wins 
with  thirteen  additional  customers,  nine  of  whom 
chose  SaaS  deployment.    Once  again,  growth  was 
particularly strong in the Asia-Pacific region, with nine 
new Provantis clients.

I N F O R M A T I C S

Instem  utilises  a  range  of  bioinformatics  tools  to 
extract,  analyse  and  compile  actionable  information 
from  across  the  R&D  spectrum.  The  growing  use  of 
AI,  in  particular  across  the  Target  Safety  Assessment 
(“TSA”) process, has driven the majority of growth in 
this area.
Revenue  from  the  Company's  informatics  services 
grew  rapidly  during  the  period  with  a  101%  increase 
compared with the prior period. 
Added to the strong organic growth, Instem completed 
the  earnings  enhancing  acquisition  of  Leadscope 
Inc  in  November  2019,  further  extending  its  product 
portfolio  and  cross-selling  opportunities.  Provided 
on  a  subscription  or  pay-per-use  basis,  Leadscope's 
software  employs  sophisticated  artificial  intelligence 
and machine-learning algorithms to predict potential 
safety  outcomes  and  to  enable  scientists  to  perform 
expert reviews. Deployed Software-as-a-Service, or on 
client premises, Leadscope's software allows clients to 
extract knowledge from both public data and their own 
proprietary sources.  
Importantly,  Informatics  brings  Instem  into  contact 
with customers at an early stage in the drug development 
process, helping to cement client relationships through 
its range of solutions.

R E G U L A T O R Y   S O L U T I O N S

strong 

submission,  generated 

The Company continued to benefit from FDA-driven 
demand for SEND conversion work, with the industry 
focused  on  addressing  both  the  study  backlog  and 
growing  current  study  volume.  Outsourced  services, 
whereby  Instem  leverages  its  technology  to  deliver 
fully  compliant  SEND  packages  ready  for  electronic 
regulatory 
repeat 
business. 
With  over  fifty  revenue  generating  SEND  services 
staff, Instem has by far the largest team in the industry 
focused  purely  on  SEND  outsourcing.    The  team 
comprises several of the world’s leading SEND experts, 
who continue to contribute to the industry consortium 
developing  and  maintaining  the  standard.  Instem 
has highly qualified SEND staff in Europe and North 
America,  close  to  the  largest  client  concentrations, 
but  with  around  two  thirds  of  the  team  in  Instem’s 
Pune, India office, which in aggregate provides a very 
cost effective and scalable approach.  This has enabled 
Instem to grow SEND outsourced services revenue to 
£4.5m in 2019 (2018: £2.8m).
Industry  consolidation  by  the  two  dominant  non-
clinical  contract  research  organisations  (“CROs”), 
Charles  River  and  Covance,  who  each  has  a  strategy 
to undertake SEND production in-house, is expected 
to moderate growth in demand for SEND Services for 
regulatory  submission.  However,  with  a  significant 
volume  of  SEND  data  sets  now  in  existence,  the 
opportunity  to  use  SEND  for  data  exploitation  is 
growing and we expect that area of Instem’s solutions 
suite to benefit.

I M P A I R M E N T   O F   G O O D W I L L 
A N D   O T H E R   I N T A N G I B L E 
A S S E T S

Although  our  Alphadas  early  phase  clinical  data 
collection  business  performed  well  for  the  first  few 
years  following  the  May  2013  acquisition  of  Logos 
Technologies “Logos”, that sector of the pharmaceutical 
development  market  has  been  going 
through 
considerable  structural  change,  impacting  many  of 
the contract research organisations that represent the 
majority  of  the  market  opportunity.    Consequently, 
little  new  data  collection  software  business  has  been 
placed in this sector over the last 18 months. 
Furthermore,  it  appears  the  early  phase  clinical 
CROs  have  been  negatively  impacted  by  COVID-19.  
We  envisage  further  slippage  in  the  pipeline  of  new 
opportunities, with no certainty regarding the timing 
of new business awards.  

1 3

S T R A T E G I C   R E P O R T   ( C O N T I N U E D )

We have therefore made a combined £3.2m impairment 
provision  (2018:  £nil)  to  the  goodwill  arising  on  the 
Logos acquisition (£2.5m) and to other intangible assets 
related to our Alphadas business (£0.7m). We remain 
committed to supporting our existing Alphadas clients 
and to securing new business as suitable opportunities 
arise.  There is no impact from this to any other area of 
our business, where end user markets remain robust.

F I N A N C I A L   R E V I E W

Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)
The  directors  review  monthly  revenue  and  operating 
costs  to  ensure  that  sufficient  cash  resources  are 
available  for  the  working  capital  requirements  of  the 
Group. Primary KPIs at the year end were:

12 mths to
31 Dec 
2019
£000

12 mths to
31 Dec 
2018
£000

Total revenue

25,717

22,705

Recurring revenue

14,862

13,669

Recurring revenue as a percentage 
of total revenue

58%

60%

Adjusted EBITDA

4,864

Cash and cash equivalents

5,957

4,052

3,572

fees, 

In  addition,  non-financial  KPIs  are  periodically 
reviewed  and  assessed,  including  customer  retention 
and staff retention rates.
Instem’s  revenue  model  consists  of  perpetual  licence 
income  with  annual  support  and  maintenance 
contracts,  professional 
technology  enabled 
outsourced services fees and SaaS subscriptions. 
Total  revenues  increased  by  13%  to  £25.7m  (2018: 
£22.7m).  Recurring  revenue,  derived  from  support 
&  maintenance  contracts  and  SaaS  subscriptions, 
increased  during  the  year  by  9%  to  £14.9m  (2018: 
£13.7m).  Recurring  revenue  as  a  percentage  of  total 
revenue  was  58%  (2018:  60%).  In  absolute  terms 
recurring  revenue  increased  over  the  prior  year  by 
£1.2m but its percentage of the total decreased due to 
the growth in technology enabled outsourced services, 
which is currently all shown as non-recurring. Revenue 
from technology enabled outsourced services increased 

1 4

tax, 

before 

income/(costs),  non-recurring 

to £5.6m (2018: £3.3m). Operating expenses increased 
by 12% in the period reflecting the ongoing investment 
in  operational  teams.  The  revenue  mix  also  attracted 
higher direct costs linked to the higher revenue. 
depreciation, 
interest, 
Earnings 
amortisation,  impairment  of  goodwill  and  capitalised 
development  and  non-recurring 
items  (Adjusted 
EBITDA) increased by 20% to £4.9m (2018: £4.1m). For 
this measure of earnings, the margin as a percentage of 
revenue increased in the year to 18.9% from 17.8% in 
2018. 
Non-recurring  costs  in  the  year  included  £0.2m  of 
acquisition costs linked to the purchase of Leadscope 
Inc. and legal costs associated with historical contract 
disputes of £0.1m (2018: £0.05m).
The  reported  loss  before  tax  for  the  year  was  £0.9m 
(2018: profit of £1.7m). Adjusted profit before tax (i.e. 
adjusting  for  the  effect  of  foreign  currency  exchange 
on the revaluation of inter-company balances included 
items, 
in  finance 
impairment  of  goodwill  and  capitalised  development 
and  amortisation  of  intangibles  on  acquisitions)  was 
£3.2m (2018: £2.8m).  
The Group continues to maintain its investment in its 
product portfolio. Development costs incurred during 
the  year  were  £3.1m  (2018:  £3.1m),  of  which  £1.3m 
(2018:  £1.5m)  was  capitalised.  The  Group  claimed 
research  and  development  tax  credits  in  respect  of 
the prior year 2018 of £0.6m (2018 in respect of 2017: 
£0.5m). 
The  Group  acquired  Leadscope  Inc  on  15  November 
2019.  The  acquisition  extends  the  Group’s  currently 
small  but  rapidly  growing  Informatics  business. 
The  total  consideration  payable  will  be  up  to  $4.7m, 
satisfied  by  a  combination  of  cash  and  new  ordinary 
shares  in  Instem  plc.  The  consideration  comprises 
an  initial  $3.35m,  $0.1m  working  capital  adjustment 
payable in Q1 2020, $0.75m of deferred consideration 
payable  in  two  equal  instalments  in  November  2020 
and  November  2021  and  up  to  a  further  $0.5m, 
contingent  upon  the  future  financial  performance  of 
Leadscope,  which  would  be  payable  in  H1  2022.  The 
initial  consideration  was  satisfied  in  2019  by  $2.25m 
in cash and $1.1m in new ordinary shares of 10 pence 
each equating to 231,966 shares. The cash was funded 
from existing resources. 
In  2019  the  Group  has  adopted  new  guidance  for 
the  recognition  of  leases  (note  7).  The  new  standard 

of  £0.5m  payable  through  to  October  2024,  by  when 
the  funding  liability  is  scheduled  to  be  eliminated. 
The  deficit  at  the  year-end  of  £1.8m  (2018:  £2.2m)  is 
represented by the fair value of assets of £12.0m (2018: 
£10.4m) and the present value of funded obligations of 
£13.8m (2018: £12.6m), after applying a discount rate 
of 2.20% (2018: 3.00%).

has  been  applied  using  the  modified  retrospective 
approach, with the cumulative effect of adoption as at 
1 January 2019 being recognised as a single adjustment 
to  retained  earnings.  IFRS16  removes  the  operating 
and  finance  lease  classification  in  IAS17  Leases  and 
replaces  them  with  the  concept  of  right  of  use  assets 
and associated financial liabilities. This change results 
in  the  recognition  of  a  liability  on  the  statement  of 
financial position for all leases which convey a right to 
use the asset for the period of the contract. The lease 
liability  reflects  the  present  value  of  the  future  rental 
payments  and  interest,  discounted  using  either  the 
effective interest rate or the incremental borrowing rate 
of the entity. In 2019 the right of use assets recognised 
were  primarily  the  leases  for  the  Company’s  global 
offices.
The change in accounting policy affected the following 
items in the balance sheet on 1 January 2019:
•  Right of use assets – increase by £3.002m
•  Lease liabilities – increase by £3.042m
The net impact on retained earnings on 1 January 2019 
was a decrease of £0.068m. Prior periods have not been 
restated.  For  the  year  ended  31  December  2019,  the 
impact on adjusted EBITDA of adopting IFRS16 is an 
increase of £0.7m. Amortisation of right of use assets 
in  the  period  amounted  to  £0.6m,  with  an  interest 
expense of £0.1m charged to finance costs. 
Basic and diluted earnings per share calculated on an 
adjusted basis were 19.3p and 18.4p respectively (2018: 
16.4p  basic  and  15.5p  diluted).  The  reported  basic 
and diluted earnings per share were (5.7p) and (5.7p) 
respectively  (2018:  9.2p  basic  and  8.7p  diluted).  The 
diluted loss per share in 2019 is the same as basic loss 
per share as losses have an anti-dilutive effect.
The  period  saw  strong  net  cash  generated  from 
operating activities of £5.4m (2018: £2.2m), largely due 
to cash inflow from key contracts, outsourced services, 
working  capital  management  and  a  £0.5m  R&D 
tax  credit  claimed  in  respect  of  2017.    Cash  balance 
increased  to  £6.0m  at  31  December  2019,  compared 
with  £3.6m  as  at  31  December  2018,  after  making 
the  initial  cash  consideration  for  the  acquisition  of 
Leadscope  Inc  from  existing  resources,  net  of  cash 
acquired, of £1.3m in the period. 
The Group’s legacy defined benefit pension scheme has 
remained closed to new members since October 2001. 
The  most  recent  comprehensive  actuarial  valuation 
was carried out at 5 April 2017 and the next triennial 
valuation  will  be  calculated  as  at  5  April  2020.  At  31 
December  2019,  the  pension  deficit  decreased  by 
£0.4m  to  £1.8m  (2018:  £2.2m).  The  future  agreed 
cash contributions will remain around an annual level 

1 5

S T R A T E G I C   R E P O R T   ( C O N T I N U E D )

The table below provides the data for certain performance measures mentioned above:

Annual support fees 

SaaS subscription and support fees

2019
£000

8,418

6,444

2018
£000

8,160

5,509

Recurring revenue

14,862     

13,669     

Licence fees

Professional services

Technology enabled outsourced services

3,501

1,773

5,581

Total revenue

25,717

EBITDA

Non recurring costs (see note 3)

*Adjusted EBITDA

(Loss)/Profit before tax

Amortisation of intangibles arising on acquisition

Impairment of goodwill and capitalised development

Non recurring costs (see note 3)

Intercompany foreign exchange loss/(gain)

**Adjusted profit before tax

Tax

Adjusted profit after tax

Weighted average number of shares (000's)

Adjusted diluted earnings per share 

Cash at bank

Bank overdraft

Cash balance

4,562

302

4,864

(901)

523

3,175

302

61

3,160

(22)

3,138

17,053

18.4p

14,955

(8,998)

5,957

3,491

2,204

3,341

22,705

3,513

539

4,052

1,677

788

-

539

(186)

2,818

(207)

2,611

16,849

15.5p

12,570

(8,998)

3,572

* Earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, amortisation, impairment of goodwill and capitalised development and 
non-recurring costs.
**After adjusting for the effect of foreign currency exchange on the revaluation of inter-company balances 
included in finance income/(costs), non-recurring items, impairment of goodwill and capitalised development and 
amortisation of intangibles on acquisitions. 

1 6

U P D A T E   O N   H I S T O R I C A L 
C O N T R A C T   D I S P U T E

An  historical  contractual  licence  dispute,  which  does 
not  affect  the  ongoing  operations  of  the  Group,  is  in 
the  process  of  being  heard  by  the  German  courts. 
The  initial  hearing  was  held  in  early  2019.  An  expert 
witness was appointed by the court to review the case 
and  report  their  findings.  That  report  was  submitted 
to  the  court  in  January  2020  and  the  Company  has 
commented  in  response.  The  Company  is  defending 
the action and strongly believes that the claim should 
be dismissed. Notwithstanding this, the cost provision 
made in 2017 has been maintained in the 2019 financial 
statements.  Further  announcements  will  be  made  as 
and when appropriate. To date all legal expenses have 
been expensed. 

P R I N C I P A L   R I S K S   A N D 
U N C E R T A I N T I E S

The directors consider that the global pharmaceutical 
market  is  likely  to  continue  to  provide  growth 
opportunities for the business. The combination of the 
high  level  of  annual  support  renewals  and  low  levels 
of  customer  attrition  provides  revenue  visibility  to 
underpin  the  Group  strategy  on  product  and  market 
development.
The  Group  seeks  to  mitigate  exposure  to  all  forms  of 
risk  through  a  combination  of  regular  performance 
review and a comprehensive insurance programme.

Foreign currency risk
The Group operates internationally and is exposed to 
foreign currency risk on transactions denominated in 
a currency other than the functional currency and on 
the  translation  of  the  statement  of  financial  position 
and  statement  of  comprehensive  income  of  foreign 
operations  into  sterling.    The  main  currency  giving 
rise  to  this  risk  is  US  dollars.    The  Group  has  both 
cash inflows and outflows in this currency that create 
a  natural  hedge.  The  Group  also  generates  material 
cash  reserves  through  its  Chinese  subsidiary  that  are 
not readily available to the UK Group at short notice 
and,  as  such,  the  Group  has  to  maintain  sufficient 
working capital headroom to accommodate any delays 
in repatriating cash from China. In managing currency 
risks  the  Group  aims  to  reduce  the  impact  of  short-
term  fluctuations  on  the  Group’s  cash  inflows  and 
outflows in a foreign currency. The Group continually 
assesses  the  most  appropriate  approach  to  managing 
its  currency  exposure  in  line  with  the  overall  goal  of 
achieving predictable earnings growth. Over the longer 
term, changes in foreign exchange could have an impact 

on  consolidation  of  foreign  subsidiaries  earnings.    A 
10%  decrease  in  the  average  value  of  Sterling  against 
the  US  dollar  would  have  resulted  in  an  increase  in 
the  Group’s  profit  before  tax  by  approximately  £0.1m 
(2018: £0.1m).

Credit risk
Management aims to minimise the risk of credit losses.
The Group’s financial assets are bank balances and cash 
and  trade  and  other  receivables,  which  represent  the 
Group’s maximum exposure to credit risk in relation to 
financial assets.
The  Group’s  credit  risk  is  primarily  attributable  to  its 
trade  receivables  and  the  Group  has  policies  in  place 
to ensure that sales of products and services are made 
to  customers  with  appropriate  creditworthiness.  The 
Group generates external revenue from no customers 
which  individually  amount  to  more  than  10%  of  the 
Group revenue. At the 2019 year end the Group had a 
maximum credit risk exposure of £6.9m (2018: £7.8m).
The  amounts  presented  in  the  statement  of  financial 
position are net of impairment provisions.
The  Group’s  exposure  to  losses  from  defaults  on 
trade  receivables  is  reduced  due  to  contractual  terms 
which  require  installation,  training,  annual  licensing 
and  support  fees  to  be  invoiced  and  paid  annually  in 
advance.
Note  16  sets  out  the  impairment  provision  for  credit 
losses  on  trade  receivables  and  the  ageing  analysis  of 
overdue trade receivables. There were no impairment 
losses recognised on other financial assets.

Liquidity risk
Liquidity  risk  is  the  risk  that  the  Group  will  not 
be  able  to  meet  its  financial  commitments  as  they 
fall  due.  The  Group  manages  liquidity  risk  through 
regular cash flow forecasting and monitoring through 
management  review,  including  a  regular  review  of 
working capital and costs.  The Group’s principal costs 
are staff related, that are primarily salaries and related 
benefits  paid  monthly.  The  Group  monitors  daily  its 
available  headroom  under  its  borrowing  facilities.  
At  31  December  2019,  its  £0.5m  net  overdraft  bank 
facility  was  undrawn  (2018:  £0.5m  facility  undrawn). 
This  facility  is  provided  to  the  Group  by  the  Group’s 
UK based bankers, with no other debt facilities in place 
in any other global territories.  The Group is focused 
on repatriating as much cash to the UK as possible to 
minimise the use of the facility, whilst ensuring there is 
sufficient working capital available in each territory in 
which it operates. The Group had positive cash reserves 
of £6.0m at the 2019 year end, in addition to the £0.5m 
undrawn working capital facility, although £1.9m of the 

1 7

S T R A T E G I C   R E P O R T   ( C O N T I N U E D )

cash was held in bank accounts in China, where it has 
been  traditionally  harder  to  repatriate  funds  quickly. 
There are no long term restrictions on the transfer of 
funds from the Group bank accounts in China.

Interest rate risk 
The  Group  operates  an  interest  rate  policy  designed 
to  minimise  interest  costs  and  reduce  volatility  in 
reported earnings. The Group’s bank facility does not 
allow the US Dollar cash balances to generate interest 
therefore the Group transfers funds from the US dollar 
account into the sterling account.  Currency transfers 
have been utilised to maximise the interest gains whilst 
minimising foreign exchange risks. As at 31 December 
2019, the indications are that the UK bank base interest 
rate will not materially differ over the next 12 months.  
On the basis of the net cash position at 31 December 
2019  and  assuming  no  other  changes  occur  (such 
as  material  changes  in  currency  exchange  rates)  the 
change in interest rates will not have a material impact 
on net interest income/(expense). 

Cyber risk 
The  Group  handles  much  data  electronically  and  is 
therefore  extremely  aware  of  the  risks  that  a  cyber-
attack could have on its business. It has robust standards 
in place for establishing and maintaining systems and 
processes to ensure that the highest standards of data 
protection  are  in  place.  This  also  applies  to  any  third 
party who is handling data on behalf of the Group and 
its customers, such as third-party hosting providers. 

Technology risk
Due  to  the  evolving  nature  of  technology  platforms 
there is a risk of obsolescence. The Group monitors this 
risk and develops strategic development plans to ensure 
it remains compliant with technological advances.

Acquisition risk
Any  corporate  acquisition  has  associated  integration 
risk. In respect of every acquisition the Group creates 
an integration plan with assigned responsibilities to a 
team led by an appointed project manager for delivering 
against an agreed timetable. This is monitored closely 
throughout the integration process and any deviations 
against the plan are flagged and actioned accordingly. 

Recruitment and retention risk
As its people are the Group’s major asset, it is critical 
to  ensure  that  it  recruits  the  best  staff  possible  and 
that  these  individuals  are  rewarded  and  developed 

appropriately.  The  Group  has  a  global  HR  team  that 
manages the process of ensuring the staff benefit and 
reward packages are incentivising for both recruitment 
and  retention  purposes.  This  includes  benchmarking 
against peers and industry norms and considering staff 
feedback through regular performance review. During 
2020 the Group will be implementing an all-staff share 
scheme for the first time.

Brexit 
The UK withdrew from the EU on 31 January 2020 and 
has entered a transition period until the end of 2020. 
Trade  negotiations  with  the  EU  are  planned  for  2020 
and  whilst  the  outcome  remains  uncertain,  there  is 
always  the  associated  risk  of  adverse  implications  for 
the  business,  including  the  impact  on  exchange  rate 
fluctuations. However, the Group has to its knowledge 
experienced no negative impact on its business to date 
and  does  not  expect  to  do  so  in  the  future.  Instem 
operates  in  a  global  market  with  a  multinational 
customer base and its revenues and costs spread around 
the globe without over reliance on Europe or exposure 
to  it.  The  2016  acquisition  of  Notocord  in  France 
provides the Group with a presence in Europe that we 
expect  to  help  mitigate  any  impact  that  might  arise 
from the Brexit outcome.  The Group will continue to 
monitor the progress of the UK/EU trade negotiations 
and any potential implications for the business.

Coronavirus (COVID-19)
Like  most  businesses  worldwide  the  Group  is  having 
to deal with the impact of COVID-19, with its primary 
concern  being  for  the  safety  and  wellbeing  of  its 
staff  and  their  families.  The  Group  has  the  benefit  of 
operating in a sector where significant worldwide focus 
is on identifying vaccines and therapies for COVID-19, 
with  a  number  of  our  customers  directly  involved  in 
this  work.  While  the  Group  expects  some  disruption 
to  demand  for  its  products  and  services  there  is  also 
expected  to  be  some  increases  in  customer  demand.  
Whilst  approximately  half  of  the  Group’s  revenues 
are  generated  from  North  America,  the  remaining 
revenues  are  spread  across  the  world  and  therefore 
there is no dependence on one territory thus spreading 
the  risk.  The  Group  benefits  from  having  no  supply 
chain  or  distribution  network  to  rely  on.  The  Group 
has the added benefit of having systems and processes 
established to enable its workforce to work effectively 
from home across all of its sites worldwide. 
The Group continues to follow and adhere to the advice 

1 8

of  the  government  authorities  in  each  territory  in 
which its staff are based. The situation is being closely 
monitored  with  all  appropriate  and  proportionate 
measures taken wherever possible. 

O U T L O O K

We  are  delighted  with  our  performance  during  the 
period,  with  our  proven  business  model  generating 
improvements  across  all  of  our  key  performance 
metrics.  We  have  an  established  base  from  which  to 
grow,  both  organically  and  via  acquisition,  and  have 
established long-term relationships with our blue-chip 
client base. Importantly, we are well positioned to add 
new  clients  and  generate  increasing  revenues  from 
existing  clients  while  our  transition  to  a  SaaS  model 
increases visibility. 
Increased  revenue  predictability  and  high  retention 
rates  provide  a  strong  foundation  from  which  the 
business  can  grow  as  it  builds  on  the  momentum 
achieved during 2019.  While some future uncertainty 
inevitably remains, the majority of our revenue comes 
from  clients  whose 
laboratories  are  regarded  as 
“essential businesses” and therefore remain active, with 
many  working  on  COVID-19  related  vaccines  and 
therapies.  Consequently, we have remained very busy, 
have good visibility over a strong H1 2020 performance 
and  continue  to  have  confidence  in  the  longer  term 
outlook  for  the  business,  supported  by  a  strong  cash 
balance at the end of April 2020 of £8.3m. Our staff are 
currently working effectively from home and are highly 
motivated by the work that we are directly contributing 
to COVID-19 research and development.

P J Reason
Chief Executive
2 June 2020

1 9

B O A R D   O F   D I R E C T O R S

Non-executive Chairman

Chief Executive Officer

D a v i d   G a r e

P h i l   R e a s o n

David was a founder member 
of the Company’s former 
parent, Instem Limited, and 
led the resulting businesses 
through most of their history. 
David successfully achieved 
a succession of strategic 
developments for Instem 
Limited, including its sale to 
Kratos Inc. in 1976, its MBO in 
1983, its flotation on the USM 
in 1984, its flotation on the 
Official List in 1996, its public 
to private and demerger in 
1998 and the buyout of Instem 
LSS Limited from Alchemy 
Partners in 2002. Throughout, 
David has concentrated 
on value creation through 
achievement of a strong market 
position. 

Phil is an experienced chief 
executive who has developed 
a number of IT businesses in 
the life sciences and nuclear 
industries, both organically 
and through acquisition. 
Phil joined the former parent 
Company, Instem Limited, 
in 1982 and was appointed 
Managing Director of the 
Life Sciences division in 1995 
and Chief Executive Officer 
of Instem LSS Limited on the 
demerger from Instem Limited. 
Given the importance of the 
North American market to 
Instem’s organic and acquisitive 
growth, Phil relocated from 
the UK to the US in 2003 and 
established a new headquarters 
in the Philadelphia area. Phil 
previously ran Instem Limited’s 
Nuclear and Laboratory 
Information Management 
Systems integration businesses.

2 0

Chief Financial Officer

Non-executive Director

Non-executive Director

N i g e l   G o l d s m i t h

M i k e   M c G o u n

D a v i d   S h e r w i n

Mike has a wealth of 
management experience 
within the IT industry. He 
spent 10 years at IBM prior 
to co-founding a successful 
ComputerLand franchise 
in 1984. In 1994, Mike 
moved to SkillsGroup plc as 
a main board director, with 
responsibility for corporate 
development and later as a 
non-executive director. Mike 
was founder and non-executive 
Chairman of Tikit Group plc 
prior to its disposal to BT plc 
in 2012. 

David is a qualified 
Management Accountant 
and holds an MBA from 
Staffordshire University. He 
joined Instem Limited as a 
trainee accountant in 1973 and 
was appointed Chief Financial 
Officer in 1979. He has worked 
closely with David Gare on all 
of the subsequent transactions 
involving Instem Limited 
and Instem LSS Limited 
including participating in the 
management buyout of Instem 
Limited in 1983, the flotation 
on the USM in 1984, the 
flotation on the Official List in 
1996 and the demerger of the 
business in 1998.

Nigel, who joined Instem 
in November 2011, has a 
wealth of experience in senior 
financial roles, at both public 
and private companies within 
the pharmaceutical industry. 
After qualifying as a Chartered 
Accountant, Nigel spent over 
nine years at KPMG prior to 
moving into industry. Nigel 
was Finance Director for 
three years at AIM listed, 
pharmaceutical and medical 
device company, IS Pharma 
plc. He also spent a seven-year 
tenure as CFO at Almedica 
International Inc, a privately 
held supplier of clinical trial 
materials to the pharmaceutical 
and biotech industry in Europe 
and the US and two years as 
European Controller for the 
sales and marketing division 
of laboratory equipment 
manufacturer, Life Sciences 
International plc.

2 1

C O R P O R A T E   G O V E R N A N C E   S T A T E M E N T

In  accordance  with  AIM  Notice  50  issued  by  the 
London  Stock  Exchange,  8  March  2018,  the  Group 
has adopted the Corporate Governance Guidelines for 
Small and Medium Size Quoted Companies published 
by the Quoted Companies Alliance (the QCA Code).
The main features of the Group’s corporate governance 
procedures, in relation to the 10 Principles of the QCA 
Code, are set out in the full QCA Code Compliance at 
https://investors.instem.com/corporate/governance.
php.
Given  the  size  of  the  Group  the  Board  has  decided 
to  follow  the  code  issued  by  the  Quoted  Companies 
Alliance as a framework as it seeks to maintain a strong 
governance  ethos  throughout  the  Group.    The  Board 
recognises  its  overall  responsibility  for  the  Group’s 
systems  of  internal  control  and  for  monitoring  their 
effectiveness. 
The main features of the Group’s corporate governance 
procedures are as follows:
a. 

the  Board  has  one  independent  non-executive 
director who takes an active role in Board matters;
the Group has an Audit Committee, a Remuneration 
Committee  and  a  Nomination  Committee,  each 
of  which  consists  of  the  non-executive  directors, 
and  meets  regularly  with  executive  directors  in 
attendance  by  invitation.  The  Audit  Committee 
has unrestricted access to the Group's auditor and 
ensures  that  auditor  independence  has  not  been 
compromised;

b. 

c.  all  business  activity  is  organised  within  a  defined 
structure  with  formal  lines  of  responsibility  and 
delegation  of  authority,  including  a  schedule  of 
"matters referred to the Board"; and

d.  regular monitoring of key performance indicators 
together  with 
(KPIs)  and  financial 
comparison  of  these  against  expectations.  KPIs 
assessed are both financial and non-financial.

results 

A U D I T   C O M M I T T E E

The  Audit  Committee  comprises  M  F  McGoun 
(Chairman), D Gare and D M Sherwin, all of whom are 
non-executive directors of the Company. The Board is 
satisfied  that  the  Audit  Committee  has  all  the  recent 
and relevant financial experience required to fulfil the 
role. 
The  Audit  Committee  undertook  an  audit  tender 
process during the year and Grant Thornton UK LLP 
were appointed as auditors, replacing RSM UK Audit 
LLP.

2 2

Appointments  to  the  Audit  Committee  are  made 
by  the  Board  in  consultation  with  the  Nomination 
Committee and the chairman of the Audit Committee.  
The  Audit  Committee    has  met  once  during  the  year 
and may meet at any other time as required by either 
the  chairman  of  the  Audit  Committee,  the  Chief 
Financial Officer of the Group or the external auditor 
of the Group.  In addition, the Audit Committee shall 
meet with the external auditor of the Group (without 
any of the executives attending) at any time during the 
year as it deems fit. 
The Audit Committee:
a.  monitors  the  financial  reporting  and  internal 

financial control principles of the Group;
b.  maintains  appropriate  relationships  with 
including  considering 

the 
the 
external  auditor 
appointment  and  remuneration  of  the  external 
auditor  and  reviews  and  monitors  the  external 
auditor’s  independence  and  objectivity  and  the 
effectiveness of the audit process;
reviews  all  financial  results  of  the  Group  and 
financial statements, including all announcements 
in respect thereof before submission of the relevant 
documents to the Board;

c. 

d.  reviews  and  discusses  (where  necessary)  any 
issues  and  recommendations  of  the  external 
auditor including reviewing the external auditor’s 
management letter and management's response;
e.  considers all major findings of internal operational 
audit  reviews  and  management's  response  to 
internal  and 
ensure  co-ordination  between 
external auditor;
reviews the Board's statement on internal reporting 
systems and keeps the effectiveness of such systems 
under review; and

f. 

g.  considers  all  other  relevant  findings  and  audit 

programmes of the Group.

The Audit Committee is authorised to:
a. 
investigate any activity within its terms of reference;
b.  seek any information it requires from any employee 

of the Group; and

c.  obtain,  at  the  Group’s  expense,  outside  legal  or 
other  independent  professional  advice  and  to 
secure the attendance of such persons to meetings 
as it considers necessary and appropriate.

A T T E N D A N C E   A T   B O A R D   A N D   C O M M I T T E E   M E E T I N G S 

Attendances of directors at Board and Committee meetings convened in the period, along with the number of 
meetings they were invited to attend, are set out below:

No. of meetings attended / No. of meetings invited to attend

Board Meetings

Audit 
Committee

Remuneration 
Committee

Nomination
Committee

Executive Directors

P J Reason

N J Goldsmith

Non-Executive Directors

D Gare

D M Sherwin

M F McGoun

14/14

14/14

14/14

14/14

14/14

2/2

2/2

2/2

2/2

2/2

0/0

0/0

3/3

3/3

3/3

0/0

0/0

1/1

1/1

1/1

R E M U N E R A T I O N   C O M M I T T E E

The Remuneration Committee comprises M F McGoun 
(Chairman), D Gare and D M Sherwin, all of whom are 
non-executive directors of the Company.
The  members  of  the  Remuneration  Committee  are 
appointed  by  the  Board  on  recommendation  from 
the  Nomination  Committee,  in  consultation  with  the 
Chairman of the Remuneration Committee.  The Chief 
Executive Officer of the Group is normally invited to 
meetings  of  the  Remuneration  Committee  to  discuss 
the performance of other executive directors but is not 
involved  in  any  of  the  decisions.  The  Remuneration 
Committee  invites  any  person  it  thinks  appropriate 
to join the members of the Remuneration Committee 
at  its  meetings.  The  Remuneration  Committee  meets 
at least once a year and any other time as required by 
either the Chairman of the Remuneration Committee 
or the Chief Financial Officer of the Group.
The Remuneration Committee:
a.  ensures  that  the  executive  directors  are  fairly 
rewarded  for  their  individual  contributions  to 
the  overall  performance  of  the  Group  but  also 
ensures that the Group avoids paying more than is 
necessary for this purpose;

b.  considers  the  remuneration  packages  of  the 
executive  directors  and  any  recommendations 
made by the Chief Executive Officer for changes to 
their  remuneration  packages  including  in  respect 
of  bonuses  (including  associated  performance 
criteria),  other  benefits,  pension  arrangements 
and other terms of their service contracts and any 
other  matters  relating  to  the  remuneration  of  or 
terms  of  employment  applicable  to  the  executive 
directors that may be referred to the Remuneration 
Committee by the Board;

c.  oversees  and  reviews  all  aspects  of  the  Group’s 

share  option  schemes  including  the  selection  of 
eligible  directors  and  other  employees  and  the 
terms of any options granted;

d.  demonstrates to the Group’s shareholders that the 
remuneration of the executive directors is set by an 
independent committee of the Board; and

e.  considers  and  makes  recommendations  to  the 
Board  about  the  public  disclosure  of  information 
about 
the  executive  directors'  remuneration 
packages  and  structures  in  addition  to  those 
required by law or by the London Stock Exchange.
The  Chairman  of  the  Remuneration  Committee 
reports  formally  to  the  Board  on  its  proceedings 
after  each  meeting  on  all  matters  within  its  duties 
and  responsibilities.  The  Remuneration  Committee 
produces  an  annual  report  which  is  included  in  the 
Group’s annual report and accounts.
The Remuneration Committee is authorised to:
a. 
investigate any activity within its terms of reference;
b.  seek any information it requires from any employee 

of the Group;

c.  assess  the  remuneration  paid  by  other  UK  listed 
companies  of  a  similar  size  in  any  comparable 
industry sector and to assess whether changes to the 
executive  directors’  remuneration  is  appropriate 
for  the  purpose  of  making  their  remuneration 
competitive  or  otherwise  comparable  with  the 
remuneration paid by such companies; and

d.  obtain,  at  the  Group’s  expense,  outside  legal  or 
other  independent  professional  advice,  including 
independent  remuneration  consultants,  when  the 
Remuneration  Committee  reasonably  believes  it 
is necessary to do so and secure the attendance of 
such persons to meetings as it considers necessary 
and appropriate. 

2 3

C O R P O R A T E   G O V E R N A N C E   S T A T E M E N T   ( C O N T I N U E D )

N O M I N A T I O N   C O M M I T T E E

d. 

The  Nomination  Committee  comprises  D  Gare 
(Chairman),  M  F  McGoun  and  D  M  Sherwin,  all  of 
whom are non-executive directors of the Company.
Appointments to the Nomination Committee are made 
by the Board, in consultation with the Chairman of the 
Nomination Committee. 
The  Nomination  Committee  may  invite  any  person 
it  thinks  appropriate  to  join  the  members  of  the 
Nomination Committee at its meetings. 
The Nomination Committee:
a. 

reviews  the  structure,  size  and  composition 
(including  skills,  knowledge  and  experience) 
required  of  the  Board  compared  to  its  current 
position and makes recommendations to the Board 
with regard to any changes;

b.  gives full consideration to succession planning for 
directors and other senior executives in the course 
of its work, taking into account the challenges and 
opportunities facing the Group, and what skills and 
expertise are needed on the Board in the future;
is  responsible  for  identifying  and  nominating  for 
the approval of the Board, candidates to fill Board 
vacancies as and when they arise; and

c. 

d.  evaluates  the  balance  of  skills,  knowledge  and 
experience  on  the  Board  before  an  appointment 
is made and, in light of this evaluation, prepares a 
description of the role and capabilities required for 
a particular appointment.

the  Nomination  Committee 
The  Chairman  of 
reports formally to the Board on its proceedings after 
each  meeting  on  all  matters  within  its  duties  and 
responsibilities. 
The  Nomination 
recommendations to the Board concerning:
a. 

formulating plans for succession for both executive 
and non-executive directors and in particular the 
key  roles  of  Chairman  of  the  Board  and  Chief 
Executive Officer;

also  makes 

Committee 

c. 

b.  membership  of  the  Audit  and  Remuneration 
Committees, in consultation with the chairmen of 
those committees;
the re-appointment of any non-executive director 
at  the  conclusion  of  their  specified  term  of  office 
having given due regard to their performance and 
ability  to  continue  to  contribute  to  the  Board  in 
the  light  of  the  knowledge,  skills  and  experience 
required;

2 4

the  re-election  by  shareholders  of  any  director 
under  the  “retirement  by  rotation”  provisions  in 
the  Company’s  articles  of  association  having  due 
regard to their performance and ability to continue 
to  contribute  to  the  Board  in  the  light  of  the 
knowledge, skills and experience required;

e.  matters relating to the continuation in office of any 
director  at  any  time  including  the  suspension  or 
termination of service of an executive director as 
an employee of the Group subject to the provisions 
of the law and his/her service contract; and
the  appointment  of  any  director  to  executive  or 
other office other than to the positions of Chairman 
of  the  Board  and  Chief  Executive  Officer,  the 
recommendation  for  which  would  be  considered 
at a meeting of the full Board.

f. 

legal  or  other 

The Nomination Committee is authorised to:
a. 
investigate any activity within its terms of reference;
b.  seek any information it requires from any employee;
independent 
c.  obtain  outside 
professional  advice  at  the  Group’s  expense  when 
the Nomination Committee reasonably believes it 
is necessary to do so; and
instruct external professional advisors to attend any 
meeting at the Group’s expense if the Nomination 
Committee  considers  this  reasonably  necessary 
and appropriate. 

d. 

I N T E R N A L   C O N T R O L S

The  directors  are  responsible  for  establishing  and 
maintaining  the  Group’s  system  of  internal  control 
and reviewing its effectiveness. The system of internal 
control  is  designed  to  manage  rather  than  eliminate 
the  risk  of  failure  to  achieve  business  objectives  and 
can only provide reasonable but not absolute assurance 
against material misstatement or loss.
The Board and senior executives meet to review both 
the risks facing the business and the controls established 
to  minimise  those  risks  and  their  effectiveness  in 
operation on an ongoing basis. The aim of these reviews 
is  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  that  material  risks 
and  problems  are  identified  and  appropriate  action 
taken at an early stage.

On behalf of the Board

M F McGoun
Independent Non-Executive Director

T h e   B o a r d 

r e c o g n i s e s 

i t s   o v e r a l l 

r e s p o n s i b i l i t y 

f o r   t h e   G r o u p ’ s 

s y s t e m s   o f 

i n t e r n a l 

c o n t r o l   a n d   f o r 

m o n i t o r i n g   t h e i r 

e f f e c t i v e n e s s . 

C o r p o r a t e   G o v e r n a n c e   S t a t e m e n t

2 5

D I R E C T O R S ’   R E M U N E R A T I O N   R E P O R T

Instem  plc  is  a  company  listed  on  AIM  and  it  is  not 
required to comply with Schedule 8 of the Large and 
Medium  Sized  Companies  and  Groups  (Accounts 
and  Reports)  Regulations  2008  relating  to  directors’ 
remuneration  reports  or  the  Listing  Rules.    The 
disclosures contained within this report are, therefore, 
made  on  a  voluntary  basis  and  in  keeping  with  the 
Board’s commitment to best practice.

R E M U N E R A T I O N   C O M M I T T E E

The  Remuneration  Committee  (‘the  Committee’)  is 
composed  entirely  of  non-executive  directors.  The 
Committee was formed upon the public listing of the 
Company on 13 October 2010.  The Chairman of the 
Committee is M F McGoun.  The terms of reference for 
the Committee are to determine the Group’s policy on 
executive  remuneration  and  to  consider  and  approve 
the  remuneration  packages  for  directors  and  key 
executives of the Group, subject to ratification by the 
Board.    During  the  year,  the  Committee  met  on  two 
occasions.  Full details of the elements of each director’s 
remuneration are set out on the following page.  Details 
of  share-based  payment  are  shown  in  note  8  to  the 
financial statements.

P O L I C Y   O N   E X E C U T I V E 
D I R E C T O R   R E M U N E R A T I O N

The  Group’s  current  and  ongoing  policy  aims  to 
ensure  that  executive  directors  are  rewarded  fairly 
for  their  individual  contributions  to  the  Group’s 
overall performance and is designed to attract, retain 
and  motivate  executives  of  the  right  calibre.    The 
Committee  is  responsible  for  recommendations  on 
all  elements  of  executive  remuneration  including,  in 
particular,  basic  salary,  annual  bonus,  share  options 
and  any  other  incentive  awards.    In  implementing 
the  remuneration  policy,  the  Committee  has  regard 
to  factors  specific  to  the  Group,  such  as  salary  and 
other benefit arrangements within the Group and the 
achievement  of  the  Group’s  strategic  objectives.    The 
Committee determines the Group’s Policy on executive 
remuneration with reference to comparable companies 
of similar market capitalisation, location and business 
sector.

B A S I C   S A L A R Y

The  basic  salaries  of  executive  directors  are  reviewed 
annually  having  regard  to  individual  performance 
and position within the Group and are intended to be 
competitive but fair using information provided from 
both internal and external sources.

P E R F O R M A N C E   R E L A T E D 
A N N U A L   B O N U S

Executive directors are eligible for a performance related 
bonus  based  on  Group  performance,  in  particular, 
the  achievement  of  profit  targets.    The  performance 
related  annual  bonus  forms  a  significant  part  of  the 
level  of  remuneration  considered  appropriate  by  the 
Committee.  In addition to the formal bonus scheme, 
the  Committee  has  the  discretion  to  recommend 
the  payment  of  ad  hoc  awards  to  reflect  exceptional 
performance. Bonuses amounting to £nil were payable 
to executive directors in respect of the year ended 31 
December 2019 (2018: £nil).

P E N S I O N S

Company  contributions  are  made  to  the  executive 
directors’ personal pension schemes up to a maximum 
of 16.5% of basic salary.

B E N E F I T S

Benefits  comprise  car  and  fuel  allowance,  private 
healthcare  and  critical  illness  cover.    No  executive 
director  receives  additional  remuneration  or  benefits 
in  relation  to  being  a  director  of  the  Board  of  the 
Company or any subsidiary of the Company.

S E R V I C E   C O N T R A C T S

The  Executive  directors  have  contracts  with  notice 
periods between six and twelve months.
The  Board  determines  the  Group’s  policy  on  non-
executive directors’ remuneration.
D  Gare,  D  M  Sherwin  and  M  F  McGoun  each  have 
a  letter  of  appointment  that  had  an  initial  three  year 
term commencing October 2010. These were renewed 
in December 2013, each with a notice period of three 
months.  

2 6

The emoluments paid or payable to directors in respect of the year ended 31 December 2019 were as follows:

Salary and Fees

Bonus

Benefits

Pension

2019 Total

2018 Total

Executives

P J Reason*

N J Goldsmith

Non-executives

D Gare

D M Sherwin

M F McGoun

223

115

60

30

30

Total

458

-

-

-

-

-

-

7

14

-

-

-

21

31

12

-

-

-

43

261

141

60

30

30

243

133

60

30

30

522     

496

* The remuneration in respect of P J Reason is payable in US Dollars and translated at the average rates as disclosed on page 50. 
The total remuneration paid in the year was USD 332,000 (2018: 324,000)

D I R E C T O R S ’   A N D   E M P L O Y E E S ’   S H A R E   O P T I O N S

Exercise price 
(£)

Issue date

Held at 31 
Dec 2018

Granted 
during year

Exercised 
during year

Lapsed 
during year

Held at 31 
Dec 2019

P J Reason
Ordinary shares

N J Goldsmith
Ordinary shares

Employees
Ordinary shares

1.750
0.900
0.100
NIL

2.215
1.760
0.900
0.100
NIL

1.750
2.220
2.220
0.900
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.100
NIL
0.100
0.100

13/10/2010
14/01/2013
29/07/2015
22/02/2018

29/11/2011
07/02/2012
14/01/2013
29/07/2015
22/02/2018

13/10/2010
03/03/2011
17/10/2011
14/01/2013
11/02/2015
29/07/2015
21/11/2015
27/05/2016
03/05/2017
22/02/2018
30/07/2018
22/02/2019

187,427
23,429
93,750
80,000

40,000
20,000
15,000
62,500
80,000

227,255
93,844
14,667
39,146
40,584
125,000
25,258
15,120
37,500
240,000
5,068
-

-
-
-
-

-
-
-
-
-

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7,740

-
-
(93,750)
-

(40,000)
-
-
-
-

(176,541)
(93,844)
(6,000)
(16,171)
-
(46,875)
-
-
-
-
-
-

-
-
-
-

-
-
-
-
-

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(8,640)
-
-
(5,096)
(3,096)

187,427
23,429
-
80,000

290,856

-
20,000
15,000
62,500
80,000

177,500

50,714
-
8,667
22,975
40,584
78,125
25,258
6,480
37,500
240,000
-
4,644

514,947

Total

1,465,548

7,740

(473,181)

(16,804)

983,303

2 7

D I R E C T O R S ’   R E M U N E R A T I O N   R E P O R T   ( C O N T I N U E D )

On  13th  February  2020  it  was  announced  that  a 
member of the senior management team had exercised 
share options over 50,714 ordinary shares of 10p each 
in the Company. 
In  January  2020  the  Group  informed  its  staff  of  its 
intention  to  implement  an  all-staff  share  and  option 
scheme.  The  scheme  has  subsequently  been  formally 
launched  with  staff  receiving  the  right  to  386,686 
ordinary shares of 10p each in the Company that will 
vest in April 2023.

Approved by the Board and signed on its behalf by:

M F McGoun
Independent Non-Executive Director

2 8

D I R E C T O R S '   R E P O R T

The  directors  submit  their  report  and  the  Group  and 
Company  financial  statements  of  Instem  plc  for  the 
year ended 31 December 2019.
Instem  plc  is  a  public  limited  company,  incorporated 
and domiciled in England, and quoted on AIM.

P R I N C I P A L   A C T I V I T I E S

Instem  is  a  leading  supplier  of  IT  applications  to  the 
life sciences healthcare market, delivering compelling 
solutions for data collection, management and analysis 
across  the  R&D  continuum.  Instem  applications  are 
in  use  by  customers  worldwide,  meeting  the  rapidly 
expanding  needs  of 
life  science  and  healthcare 
organisations for data-driven decision making leading 
to safer, more effective products.
Instem's portfolio of software solutions increases client 
productivity  by  automating  study-related  processes 
while  offering  the  unique  ability  to  generate  new 
knowledge through the extraction and harmonisation 
of actionable scientific information.

R E V I E W   O F   T H E   B U S I N E S S 

A detailed review of the development and performance 
of the Group’s business during the year and its position 
at  the  end  of  the  year  is  set  out  in  the  Chairman’s 
Statement and the Strategic Report on pages 10 to 19.

S T R A T E G I C   R E P O R T

The Group has chosen in accordance with Companies 
Act 2006, section 414C (11) to set out in the Group's 
strategic report on pages 10 to 19 information required 
to be contained in the Directors’ Report by Large and 
Medium-sized Companies and Groups (Accounts and 
Reports)  Regulations  2008,  Sch.  7,  where  not  already 
disclosed in the Directors’ Report.

D I R E C T O R S ’   R E S P O N S I B I L I T Y 
U N D E R   S E C T I O N   1 7 2

The  Group’s  response  to  the  requirements  of  section 
172 of the Companies Act 2006 is included within the 
Strategic Report.

F U T U R E   D E V E L O P M E N T S

The  directors  consider  that  the  continued  investment 
in  product  and  market  development  will  allow  the 
business  to  grow  organically  in  its  core  markets. 

Investment  in  business  growth  initiatives  will  also 
allow  the  business  to  move  into  new  product  and 
market areas. The combination of organic growth along 
with  strategic  acquisitions  will  support  the  expected 
growth  as  outlined  in  the  Chairman’s  Statement  and 
the Strategic Report.
Like  most  businesses  worldwide  the  Group  is  having 
to deal with the impact of COVID-19, with its primary 
concern  being  for  the  safety  and  wellbeing  of  its 
staff  and  their  families.  The  Group  has  the  benefit  of 
operating in a sector where significant worldwide focus 
is on identifying vaccines and therapies for COVID-19, 
with  a  number  of  our  customers  directly  involved  in 
this  work.  While  the  Group  expects  some  disruption 
to  demand  for  its  products  and  services  there  is  also 
expected  to  be  some  increases  in  customer  demand.  
Whilst  approximately  half  of  the  Group’s  revenues 
are  generated  from  North  America,  the  remaining 
revenues are spread across the world and so there is no 
dependence  on  one  territory  thus  spreading  the  risk. 
The Group benefits from having no supply chain and 
no distribution network to rely on and has the added 
benefit  of  having  systems  and  processes  established 
to enable its workforce to work effectively from home 
across all of its sites worldwide. 
The uncertainty as to the future impact on the Group of 
the recent COVID-19 outbreak has been considered as 
part of the Group’s adoption of the going concern basis. 
Thus  far  we  have  not  observed  any  material  impact 
on our overall existing business or in the level of new 
business opportunities that are being presented to us in 
the markets in which we operate. We have seen a little 
slippage in customers placing new business during the 
first quarter of 2020, but at this stage it is too early to 
determine whether this is likely to be a long term issue 
or  merely  a  temporary  matter  whilst  our  customers 
are  focused  on  managing  their  own  businesses,  with 
changes  from  introducing  staff  self-isolation  and 
working from home. 

R E S E A R C H   A N D   D E V E L O P M E N T 
A C T I V I T I E S

The  Group  continues  its  development  programme 
of  software  for  the  global  pharmaceutical  market 
including  the  research  and  development  of  new 
products  and  enhancement  to  existing  products.  The 
directors  consider  the  investment  in  research  and 
development  to  be  fundamental  to  the  success  of  the 
business in the future.

2 9

D I R E C T O R S ’   R E P O R T   ( C O N T I N U E D )

I N D E M N I T Y   O F   O F F I C E R S   A N D 
D I R E C T O R S

Under  the  Company’s  Articles  of  Association  and 
subject  to  the  provisions  of  the  Companies  Act,  the 
Group may and has indemnified all directors and other 
officers  against  liability  incurred  in  the  execution  or 
discharge of their duties or the exercise of their powers, 
including but not limited to any liability for the costs of 
any  legal  proceedings.  The  Group  has  purchased  and 
maintains  appropriate  insurance  cover  against  legal 
action brought against directors or officers.

A N N U A L   G E N E R A L   M E E T I N G

The Annual General Meeting (‘AGM’) of the Company 
will  be  held  on  30  June  2020.  The  resolutions  to  be 
proposed at the AGM, together with explanatory notes, 
appear in a separate notice of AGM which is sent to all 
shareholders. A proxy card for registered shareholders 
is distributed along with the notice.

A U D I T O R

During  the  year  Grant  Thornton  UK  LLP  were 
appointed as auditor. Pursuant to s489 of the Companies 
Act 2006, a resolution to re-appoint Grant Thornton as 
auditor will be put to the members at the forthcoming 
Annual General Meeting.

On behalf of the Board

P J Reason
Director 
2 June 2020

D I V I D E N D S

The  directors  do  not  recommend  the  payment  of  a 
dividend.

D I R E C T O R S

The following directors held office during the year:
D Gare
M F McGoun
D M Sherwin
P J Reason
N J Goldsmith 
Details  of  the  directors’  service  contracts  and  their 
respective  notice  terms  are  detailed  in  the  Directors’ 
Remuneration report on pages 26 to 28. 

D I R E C T O R S   A N D   T H E I R 
I N T E R E S T S

The  interests  of  the  directors  who  held  office  at  31 
December  2019  (2018:  as  at  25  April  2019)  were  as 
follows:

2019
No. of Shares

2018
No. of Shares

D Gare

578,427

578,427

D M Sherwin

1,180,066

1,180,066

P J Reason

685,287

M F McGoun

N J Goldsmith

-

-

685,287

36,786

-

Directors’ interests in share options are detailed in the 
Remuneration report on pages 26 to 28.

P O L I T I C A L   D O N A T I O N S

The  Group  made  no  political  donations  in  2019  or 
2018.

F I N A N C I A L   I N S T R U M E N T S

The  Group’s  objectives  and  policies  on  financial 
instruments  are  set  out  in  note  22  to  the  financial 
statements.

3 0

D I R E C T O R S ’   R E S P O N S I B I L I T Y   S T A T E M E N T

The  directors  are  responsible  for  preparing  the 
annual  report  in  accordance  with  applicable  law  and 
regulations.  Having  taken  advice  from  the  Audit 
Committee,  the  directors  consider  the  annual  report 
and the financial statements, taken as a whole, provides 
the  information  necessary  to  assess  the  company’s 
performance, business model and strategy and is fair, 
balanced and understandable. 
The directors are responsible for the maintenance and 
integrity  of  the  corporate  and  financial  information 
included  on  the  company’s  website.  Legislation  in 
the  United  Kingdom  governing  the  preparation  and 
dissemination of financial statements may differ from 
legislation in other jurisdictions. 

The  directors  are  responsible  for  preparing  the 
Strategic Report and Directors’ Report, the Directors’ 
Remuneration Report and the financial statements in 
accordance with applicable law and regulations.
law  requires  the  directors  to  prepare 
Company 
financial statements for each financial year. Under that 
law the directors have elected to prepare the financial 
statements in accordance with International Financial 
Reporting  Standards  (IFRSs)  as  adopted  by  the 
European  Union  and  applicable  law.  Under  company 
law  the  directors  must  not  approve  the  financial 
statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true 
and fair view of the state of affairs and profit or loss of 
the company and group for that period. In preparing 
these financial statements, the directors are required to:
select suitable accounting policies and then apply 
• 
them consistently;

•  make  judgements  and  accounting  estimates  that 

• 

are reasonable and prudent;
state  whether  applicable  IFRSs  as  adopted  by  the 
European  Union  have  been  followed,  subject  to 
any material departures disclosed and explained in 
the financial statements;

•  prepare  the  financial  statements  on  the  going 
concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume 
that the company will continue in business.

The  directors  are  responsible  for  keeping  adequate 
accounting  records  that  are  sufficient  to  show  and 
explain  the  company’s  transactions  and  disclose  with 
reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position 
of  the  company  and  enable  them  to  ensure  that  the 
financial statements and the Directors’ Remuneration 
report  comply  with  the  Companies  Act  2006.  They 
are  also  responsible  for  safeguarding  the  assets  of 
the  company  and  hence  for  taking  reasonable  steps 
for  the  prevention  and  detection  of  fraud  and  other 
irregularities.
The directors confirm that: 
• 

so far as each director is aware, there is no relevant 
audit information of which the company’s auditor 
is unaware; and
the  directors  have  taken  all  the  steps  that  they 
ought to have taken as directors in order to make 
themselves aware of any relevant audit information 
and to establish that the company’s auditor is aware 
of that information.

• 

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I N D E P E N D E N T   A U D I T O R ’ S   R E P O R T
T O   T H E   M E M B E R S   O F   I N S T E M   P L C 

O P I N I O N

Our opinion on the financial statements is unmodified
We have audited the financial statements of Instem plc 
(the ‘parent company’) and its subsidiaries (the ‘group’) 
for the year ended 31 December 2019 which comprise 
the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income, 
the Consolidated and Company Statements of Financial 
Position,  the Consolidated and Company Statements 
of  Cash  Flows,  the  Consolidated  and  Company 
Statements  of  Changes  in  Equity,  the  accounting 
policies  and  notes  to  the  financial  statements.  The 
financial  reporting  framework  that  has  been  applied 
in their preparation is applicable law and International 
Financial  Reporting  Standards  (IFRSs)  as  adopted 
by  the  European  Union  and,  as  regards  the  parent 
company financial statements, as applied in accordance 
with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006.
In our opinion: 
• 

the financial statements give a true and fair view of 
the state of the group’s and of the parent company’s 
affairs as at 31 December 2019 and of the group’s 
profit for the year then ended;
the group financial statements have been properly 
prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by 
the European Union;
the parent company financial statements have been 
properly  prepared  in  accordance  with  IFRSs  as 
adopted by the European Union and as applied in 
accordance with the provisions of the Companies 
Act 2006; and
the  financial  statements  have  been  prepared 
in  accordance  with  the  requirements  of  the 
Companies Act 2006.

• 

• 

• 

B A S I S   F O R   O P I N I O N

We  conducted  our  audit 
in  accordance  with 
International  Standards  on  Auditing  (UK)  (ISAs 
(UK))  and  applicable  law.  Our  responsibilities  under 
those standards are further described in the Auditor’s 
responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements' 
section  of  our  report.  We  are  independent  of  the 
group  and  the  parent  company  in  accordance  with 
the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit 
of  the  financial  statements  in  the  UK,  including  the 
FRC’s Ethical Standard as applied to listed entities and 
we  have  fulfilled  our  other  ethical  responsibilities  in 
accordance  with  these  requirements.  We  believe  that 

3 2

the  audit  evidence  we  have  obtained  is  sufficient  and 
appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

T H E   I M P A C T   O F 
U N C E R T A I N T I E S   A R I S I N G 
F R O M   T H E   U K   E X I T I N G   T H E 
E U R O P E A N   U N I O N   O N   O U R 
A U D I T

Our  audit  of  the  financial  statements  requires  us  to 
obtain  an  understanding  of  all  relevant  uncertainties, 
including  those  arising  as  a  consequence  of  the 
effects  of  Brexit.  All  audits  assess  and  challenge  the 
reasonableness of estimates made by the directors and 
the related disclosures and the appropriateness of the 
going  concern  basis  of  preparation  of  the  financial 
statements. All of these depend on assessments of the 
future  economic  environment  and  the  group’s  future 
prospects and performance.
Brexit  is  one  of  the  most  significant  economic  events 
for  the  UK,  and  at  the  date  of  this  report  its  effects 
are  subject  to  unprecedented  levels  of  uncertainty, 
with  the  full  range  of  possible  outcomes  and  their 
impacts  unknown.  We  applied  a  standardised  firm-
wide approach in response to these uncertainties when 
assessing the group’s future prospects and performance. 
However,  no  audit  should  be  expected  to  predict  the 
unknowable factors or all possible future implications 
for a group associated with a course of action such as 
Brexit.

M A T E R I A L   U N C E R T A I N T Y 
R E L A T E D   T O   G O I N G   C O N C E R N 

We  draw  attention  to  the  accounting  policies,  which 
state  that  the  uncertainty  as  to  the  future  impact  on 
the group of the recent COVID-19 outbreak has been 
considered as part of the group's adoption of the going 
concern  basis.  In  the  downside  scenario  analysis 
performed,  the  Board  considered  a  more  extreme 
situation  whereby  the  significant  negative  impact  of 
COVID-19 continued for an extended period of time 
into  2021.  This  would  result  in  the  group  exhausting 
its  cash  reserves  and  exceeding  its  bank  facility  in 
November 2020. As stated in the accounting policies, 
these events or conditions, along with the other matters 
as set forth therein indicate that a material uncertainty 
exists  that  may  cast  significant  doubt  on  the  group’s 
and  parent  company’s  ability  to  continue  as  a  going 
concern. Our opinion is not modified in respect of this 
matter. 

of material misstatement (whether or not due to fraud) 
that  we  identified.  These  matters  included  those  that 
had  the  greatest  effect  on:  the  overall  audit  strategy, 
the allocation of resources in the audit; and directing 
the efforts of the engagement team. These matters were 
addressed  in  the  context  of  our  audit  of  the  financial 
statements  as  a  whole,  and  in  forming  our  opinion 
thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on 
these matters.
In  addition  to  the  matter  described  in  the  ‘material 
uncertainty related to going concern’ section, we have 
determined the matters described below to be the key 
audit matters to be communicated in our report.

A U D I T   W O R K   P E R F O R M E D

To  respond  to  risks  relating  to  going  concern,  our 
procedures evaluated management’s assessment of the 
impact of COVID-19 on the group’s working capital by 
performing the following procedures:
•  Obtained  management’s  base  case  forecasts  by 
covering  the  period  to  May  2021.  We  assessed 
how  these  forecasts  were  compiled  and  assessed 
the  appropriateness  of  management’s  forecasts  by 
applying appropriate sensitivities to the underlying 
assumptions which were also challenged;

•  Assessed the accuracy of management’s forecasting 
by comparing the reliability of past forecasts to the 
base case forecast;

•  Obtained  management’s  more  extreme  case 
scenario  prepared  to  assess  the  potential  impact 
of  COVID-19.  We  evaluated  the  assumptions 
regarding the impact of no new business, no hiring 
of new staff and reduction in recurring revenue. We 
considered whether the assumptions are consistent 
with  our  understanding  of  the  business  derived 
from other detailed work undertaken;

•  Assessed  the  impact  of  the  mitigating  factors 
available to management in respect of the ability to 
restrict cash impact, including the level of available 
facilities;

•  Considered  the  forecasts  prepared  in  respect  of 
the most likely impact of COVID-19 and whether 
these still give rise to a material uncertainty; and
•  Assessed the adequacy of related disclosures within 
the Annual Report and Financial Statements.

O V E R V I E W   O F   O U R   A U D I T 
A P P R O A C H

•  Overall materiality: £257,000, which represents 1% 

of the group’s revenues

•  Key 

audit  matters  were 

as: 
The  revenue  cycle  includes  the  risk  of  fraudulent 
transactions and the carrying value of the group’s 
goodwill and acquired intangibles

identified 

•  We  performed  full  scope  audit  procedures  on 
the  financial  information  of  the  significant  group 
components,  including  Instem  Plc  (the  parent 
company)  and  specified  or  analytical  procedures 
on the financial statements of the non-significant 
components. 

Key  audit  matters  are  those  matters  that,  in  our 
professional  judgement,  were  of  most  significance  in 
our  audit  of  the  financial  statements  of  the  current 
period and include the most significant assessed risks 

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I N D E P E N D E N T   A U D I T O R ’ S   R E P O R T
T O   T H E   M E M B E R S   O F   I N S T E M   P L C   ( C O N T I N U E D )

K EY   AU D I T   M AT T E R   
–   G R OU P 

HOW   T H E   M AT T E R   WA S   A D D R E S SE D 
I N   T H E   AU D I T   –   G R OU P

Our audit work included, but was not restricted to: 
•  Assessing  the  group’s  accounting  policies  to 
confirm  compliance  with  IFRS  15 
‘Revenue 
from  Contracts  with  Customers’,  following  prior 
year  implementation,  and  in  particular,  that  any 
transition  adjustments  have  been  appropriately 
disclosed  in  respect  of  the  newly  acquired  group 
component, Leadscope Inc;

revenue 

•  Undertaking  analytical  procedures  on  monthly 
recurring 
incorrectly 
to 
classified  non-recurring  or  service  revenue; 
investigating  movements  outside  of  expectation 
and corroborating responses from management to 
supporting documentation;

identify 

•  Testing a sample of revenue to customer contracts, 
to  determine  whether  the  revenue  has  been 
recognised  in  accordance  with  the  terms  of  the 
contract;

•  Testing  a  sample  of  service  revenue  contracts, 
focusing  on  contracts  which  remain  open  at  the 
year  end.  We  performed  recalculations  of  the 
element  of  service  revenue  to  be  recognised  as 
completed,  and  any  accrued  or  deferred  income 
balances at the year end. For each contract selected 
we  then  tested  the  occurrence  and  accuracy  of 
revenue recognised during the year by agreeing to 
supporting documentation; and  

•  Testing  of  cut  off  across  all  revenue  streams  on 
an  individual  component  basis  by  confirming 
the  appropriate  allocation  of  sales  to  the  correct 
period. Proof of revenue occurrence was obtained 
by agreeing to proof of delivery. 

The group’s accounting policy on revenue recognition 
is shown on pages 48-49 in the financial statements and 
related disclosures are included in note 1. 

Key observations
No material misstatement was identified as a result of 
the work performed. 

The  revenue  cycle  includes  the  risk  of  fraudulent 
transactions
The group’s revenue totaled £25.7m for the year ended 
31 December 2019 (2018: £22.7m).
There is a risk that revenue has been misstated through 
fraudulent  entries  and  due  to  the  complexity  of  the 
revenue streams there is a risk that revenue recognition 
criteria is not being properly applied.
in 
is  a  management 
There 
determining the amount of revenue that is accrued at 
year  end  (service  revenue)  and  it  is  unpredictable  in 
nature (non-recurring revenue). We consider the risk 
to  be  heightened  around  non-recurring  revenue  and 
service  revenue  and  this  has  formed  the  focus  of  our 
work.
This  is  considered  to  be  a  key  audit  matter  given  the 
importance  of  reported  revenue  to  key  stakeholders. 
We  therefore  identified  this  risk  as  a  significant  risk, 
which was one of the most significant assessed risks of 
material misstatement.

judgement 

involved 

3 4

K EY   AU D I T   M AT T E R   
–   G R OU P 

HOW   T H E   M AT T E R   WA S   A D D R E S SE D 
I N   T H E   AU D I T   –   G R OU P

Carrying value of the group’s goodwill and acquired 
intangibles 
The  group  carried  £14.4m  of  goodwill  and  acquired 
intangibles  in  its  consolidated  statement  of  financial 
position at 31 December 2019 (2018: £13.5m).
The group has material levels of intangible assets arising 
from previous business combinations. The judgements 
made  in  respect  of  the  valuation  of  the  intangible 
assets and the impairment review comprise significant 
measurement  uncertainty.    As  a  consequence,  there 
is  a  significant  risk  that  these  are  impaired  and  their 
carrying value written down. 
The  group  has  undertaken  an  acquisition,  Leadscope 
Inc  during  the  year  and  performed  an  assessment  of 
the nature and value of the intangible assets acquired in 
the business combination. The techniques involved in 
valuing these assets require a high degree of judgment, 
with  estimates  including  future  sales  and  discount 
rates.
We  therefore  identified  carrying  value  of  the  group’s 
goodwill and acquired intangibles as a significant risk, 
which was one of the most significant assessed risks of 
material misstatement.

Our audit work included, but was not restricted to: 
•  Evaluating  the  group’s  accounting  policies  to 
determine their compliance with the requirements 
of  International  Accounting  Standard  (IAS)  38 
‘Intangible  Assets’  and  IAS  36  ‘Impairment  of 
Assets’;

•  Consideration  of  the  accounting  for  the  business 
combination  in  the  period  including  assessment 
of  the  fair  value  of  consideration  and  net  assets 
acquired; 

•  Challenging the appropriateness of management’s 
assumptions and sensitivities, including the growth 
rate  and  discount  rate  used  to  assess  the  level  of 
headroom;

•  Assessing  and  challenging  the  carrying  value  of 
goodwill and acquired intangibles in management’s 
impairment  assessments.  Our  challenge  focused 
around the assumptions regarding future revenues 
from the underlying cash generating unit relative 
to  historic  performance,  including  whether  the 
supporting  cash  flow  forecasts  are  in  accordance 
with Board forecasts; and

•  Assessing  whether  the  group’s  disclosures  are 

adequate and key assumptions are disclosed.

The  group’s  accounting  policy  on  goodwill  and 
intangibles  is  shown  on  page  52  in  the  financial 
statements and related disclosures are included in note 
12. 

Key observations
As a result of our work, we concluded that the carrying 
value of the group’s goodwill and acquired intangibles 
was  acceptable,  including  the  recognition  of  the 
impairment charge in the year.

There are no key audit matters in relation to the parent 
company.

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I N D E P E N D E N T   A U D I T O R ’ S   R E P O R T
T O   T H E   M E M B E R S   O F   I N S T E M   P L C   ( C O N T I N U E D )

O U R   A P P L I C A T I O N   O F   M A T E R I A L I T Y
We define materiality as the magnitude of misstatement in the financial statements that makes it probable that the 
economic  decisions  of  a  reasonably  knowledgeable  person  would  be  changed  or  influenced.  We  use  materiality  in 
determining the nature, timing and extent of our audit work and in evaluating the results of that work. 

Materiality was determined as follows:

Materiality measure

Group

Parent

Financial statements as a whole

£257,000 which is 1% of group revenue. 
Revenue is considered a key driver of the 
business performance and therefore considered 
an appropriate benchmark on which to base 
materiality.

£133,000, which is 1% of parent company 
total assets, capped by component materiality. 
Total assets is considered the most appropriate 
because the parent company does not trade 
and largely holds investments in the subsidiary 
entities.

Performance materiality used to drive the extent 
of our testing

70% of financial statement materiality.

70% of financial statement materiality.

Specific materiality

We also determine a lower level of specific 
materiality for certain areas such as directors’ 
remuneration and related party transactions.

We also determine a lower level of specific 
materiality for certain areas such as directors’ 
remuneration and related party transactions.

Communication of misstatements to the audit 
committee

£12,850 and misstatements below that threshold 
that, in our view, warrant reporting on 
qualitative grounds.

£9,750 and misstatements below that threshold 
that, in our view, warrant reporting on 
qualitative grounds.

The graph below illustrates how performance materiality interacts with our overall materiality and the tolerance for 
potential uncorrected misstatements.

Overall materiality – Group

Overall materiality – Parent

30%

30%

70%

70%

Tolerance for potential uncorrected mis-statements

Performance materiality

3 6

A N   O V E R V I E W   O F   T H E   S C O P E 
O F   O U R   A U D I T

Our audit approach was a risk-based approach founded 
on a thorough understanding of the group’s business, 
its  environment  and  risk  profile  and  in  particular 
included:
• 

evaluation  by  the  group  audit  team  of  identified 
components  to  assess  the  significance  of  that 
component  and  to  determine  the  planned  audit 
response  based  on  a  measure  of  materiality 
calculated  by  considering 
the  component’s 
significance  as  a  percentage  of  the  group’s  total 
assets, revenues and profit before taxation; 
a  full-scope  audit  of  the  financial  information  of 
the parent company, Instem plc;
full  scope  audit  procedures  on  the  financial 
information  of  seven  of  the  group’s  components. 
The  components  on  which  full  scope  audits 
were  performed  were  selected  based  upon  their 
significance  to  the  group’s  assets,  revenues  and 
EBITDA 

• 

• 

•  our  full  scope  and  specific  procedures  comprised 
coverage of 100% of total revenue, 86% of EBITDA 
and 90% of total assets; Instem Clinical Holdings 
Limited,  Instem  Scientific  Solutions  Limited  and 
Instem  Life  Science  Systems  Limited  have  been 
audited  to  group  materiality  as  Instem  Plc  have 
provided a parental guarantee as disclosed on page 
45 in the accounts;

• 

•  performance of specific and analytical procedures 
on non-significant components in the group;
an evaluation of significant management estimates 
and judgements;
an  assessment  of  material  accounting  policies 
for  compliance  with  the  financial  reporting 
framework; and
all  audit  work has been undertaken  by  the group 
audit team at the group head office in Stone.

• 

• 

O T H E R   I N F O R M A T I O N

The directors are responsible for the other information. 
The  other  information  comprises  the  information 
included in the report and financial statements, other 
than the financial statements and our auditor’s report 
thereon. Our opinion on the financial statements does 
not  cover  the  other  information  and,  except  to  the 
extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do 
not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. 
In connection with our audit of the financial statements, 
our responsibility is to read the other information and, 
in doing so, consider whether the other information is 
materially  inconsistent  with  the  financial  statements 
or  our  knowledge  obtained  in  the  audit  or  otherwise 

appears  to  be  materially  misstated.  If  we  identify 
such  material  inconsistencies  or  apparent  material 
misstatements, we are required to determine whether 
there  is  a  material  misstatement  in  the  financial 
statements  or  a  material  misstatement  of  the  other 
information. If, based on the work we have performed, 
we  conclude  that  there  is  a  material  misstatement  of 
this other information, we are required to report that 
fact. 
We have nothing to report in this regard.

O U R   O P I N I O N   O N   O T H E R 
M A T T E R S   P R E S C R I B E D   B Y 
T H E   C O M P A N I E S   A C T   2 0 0 6   I S 
U N M O D I F I E D

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the 
course of the audit:
• 

the  information  given  in  the  strategic  report  and 
the directors’ report for the financial year for which 
the financial statements are prepared is consistent 
with the financial statements; and
the strategic report and the directors’ report have 
been prepared in accordance with applicable legal 
requirements.

• 

M A T T E R S   O N   W H I C H   W E   A R E 
R E Q U I R E D   T O   R E P O R T   U N D E R 
T H E   C O M P A N I E S   A C T   2 0 0 6

In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the 
group  and  the  parent  company  and  its  environment 
obtained  in  the  course  of  the  audit,  we  have  not 
identified  material  misstatements  in  the  strategic 
report or the directors’ report. 

M A T T E R S   O N   W H I C H   W E   A R E 
R E Q U I R E D   T O   R E P O R T   B Y 
E X C E P T I O N

We have nothing to report in respect of the following 
matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 
requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:
• 

adequate  accounting  records  have  not  been  kept 
by the parent company, or returns adequate for our 
audit  have  not  been  received  from  branches  not 
visited by us; or
the  parent  company  financial  statements  are  not 
in  agreement  with  the  accounting  records  and 
returns; or
certain  disclosures  of  directors’  remuneration 
specified by law are not made; or

• 

• 

•  we  have  not  received  all  the  information  and 

explanations we require for our audit. 

3 7

I N D E P E N D E N T   A U D I T O R ’ S   R E P O R T
T O   T H E   M E M B E R S   O F   I N S T E M   P L C   ( C O N T I N U E D )

members  those  matters  we  are  required  to  state  to 
them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose. 
To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept 
or  assume  responsibility  to  anyone  other  than  the 
company  and  the  company’s  members  as  a  body,  for 
our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we 
have formed.

Michael Frankish
Senior Statutory Auditor
for and on behalf of Grant Thornton UK LLP
Statutory Auditor, Chartered Accountants
Manchester
2 June 2020

R E S P O N S I B I L I T I E S   O F 
D I R E C T O R S   F O R   T H E 
F I N A N C I A L   S T A T E M E N T S

As explained more fully in the directors’ responsibility 
statement,  set  out  on  page  31,  the  directors  are 
responsible  for  the  preparation  of  the  financial 
statements  and  for  being  satisfied  that  they  give  a 
true  and  fair  view  and  for  such  internal  control  as 
the  directors  determine  is  necessary  to  enable  the 
preparation  of  financial  statements  that  are  free  from 
material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
In preparing the financial statements, the directors are 
responsible  for  assessing  the  group’s  and  the  parent 
company’s  ability  to  continue  as  a  going  concern, 
disclosing,  as  applicable,  matters  related  to  going 
concern and using the going concern basis of accounting 
unless the directors either intend to liquidate the group 
or the parent company or to cease operations, or have 
no realistic alternative but to do so.

A U D I T O R ’ S   R E S P O N S I B I L I T I E S 
F O R   T H E   A U D I T   O F   T H E 
F I N A N C I A L   S T A T E M E N T S

Our  objectives  are  to  obtain  reasonable  assurance 
about  whether  the  financial  statements  as  a  whole 
are  free  from  material  misstatement,  whether  due 
to  fraud  or  error,  and  to  issue  an  auditor’s  report 
that  includes  our  opinion.  Reasonable  assurance  is  a 
high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an 
audit  conducted  in  accordance  with  ISAs  (UK)  will 
always  detect  a  material  misstatement  when  it  exists. 
Misstatements  can  arise  from  fraud  or  error  and  are 
considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, 
they  could  reasonably  be  expected  to  influence  the 
economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these 
financial statements.
A  further  description  of  our  responsibilities  for  the 
audit  of  the  financial  statements  is  located  on  the 
Financial Reporting Council’s website at: www.frc.org.
uk/auditorsresponsibilities.  This  description  forms 
part of our auditor’s report.

U S E   O F   O U R   R E P O R T

This report is made solely to the company’s members, 
as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of 
the  Companies  Act  2006.  Our  audit  work  has  been 
undertaken  so  that  we  might  state  to  the  company’s 

3 8

C O N S O L I D A T E D   S T A T E M E N T   O F   C O M P R E H E N S I V E   I N C O M E 

For the year ended 31 December 2019

Year ended
 31 December 
2019
£000

Year ended
 31 December 
2018
£000

 Note

REVENUE 

Employee benefits expense

Other expenses

EARNINGS BEFORE INTEREST, TAXATION, DEPRECIATION, AMORTISATION 
AND NON-RECURRING COSTS (ADJUSTED EBITDA)

Depreciation

Amortisation of intangibles arising on acquisition

Amortisation of internally generated intangibles

Amortisation of right of use assets

Impairment of goodwill and capitalised development

(LOSS)/PROFIT BEFORE NON-RECURRING COSTS

Non-recurring costs

(LOSS)/PROFIT AFTER NON-RECURRING COSTS

Finance income

Finance costs

1

2

2

14

12

12

7

12

2

3

4

5

(LOSS)/PROFIT BEFORE TAXATION

Taxation 

10

(LOSS)/PROFIT FOR THE YEAR

OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME/(EXPENSE)

Items that will not be reclassified to profit and loss account:

Actuarial gain on retirement benefit obligations

Deferred tax on actuarial gain

Items that may be reclassified to profit and loss account:

Exchange differences on translating foreign operations

OTHER COMPREHENSIVE (EXPENSE)/INCOME FOR THE YEAR

TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE (EXPENSE)/INCOME FOR THE YEAR

(LOSS)/PROFIT ATTRIBUTABLE TO OWNERS OF THE PARENT COMPANY

TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE (EXPENSE)/INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO OWNERS OF THE 
PARENT COMPANY

  The notes on pages 58 to 99 form part of these financial statements.

Earnings per share

Basic

Diluted

27

27

25,717

(13,609)

(7,244)

4,864

(155)

(523)

(755)

(607)

(3,175)

(351)

(302)

(653)

7

(255)

(901)

(22)

(923)

30

(6)

24

(208)

(184)

(1,107)

(923)

(1,107)

(5.7p)

(5.7p)

22,705

(12,436)

(6,217)

4,052

(144)

(788)

(738)

-

-

2,382

(539)

1,843

33

(199)

1,677

(207)

1,470

1,300

(221)

1,079

(193)

886

2,356

1,470

2,356

9.2p

8.7p

3 9

C O N S O L I D A T E D   S T A T E M E N T   O F   F I N A N C I A L   P O S I T I O N

At 31 December 2019

Company Registration No. 07148099

Note

£000

£000

£000

£000

2019

2018

ASSETS

NON-CURRENT ASSETS

Intangible assets

Property, plant and equipment

Right of use assets

Finance lease receivables

TOTAL NON-CURRENT ASSETS

CURRENT ASSETS

Inventories

Trade and other receivables

Finance lease receivables

Tax receivable

Cash and cash equivalents

TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS

TOTAL ASSETS

LIABILITIES

CURRENT LIABILITIES

Trade and other payables

Deferred income

Tax payable

Financial liabilities

Lease liabilities

Deferred tax liabilities

TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES

NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES

Financial liabilities

Retirement benefit obligations

Provision for liabilities 

Lease liabilities 

TOTAL NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES

TOTAL LIABILITIES

EQUITY 

Share capital

Share premium

Merger reserve

Share based payment reserve

Translation reserve

Retained earnings

12

14

7

7

15

16

7

20

17

18

19

10

21

7

23

21

24

25

7

26

28

28

28

28

28

18,108

237

2,165

175

36

6,921

39

1,158

5,957

2,662

8,942

404

301

565

506

559

1,804

250

2,004

1,662

13,135

2,432

654

82

(1,166)

17,411

300

-

-

20,685

17,711

14,111

34,796

13,380

4,617

17,997

37

7,807

-

1,013

3,572

2,156

8,625

401

34

-

12

18

2,249

250

-

1,592

12,535

1,598

1,010

290

(630)

12,429

30,140

11,228

2,517

13,745

TOTAL EQUITY ATTRIBUTABLE TO OWNERS OF THE PARENT

TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 

16,799

34,796

16,395

30,140

The financial statements on pages 39 to 99 were approved by the board of directors and authorised for issue on 2 June 2020 and 
are signed on its behalf by:

P J Reason 
Director  

N J Goldsmith
Director  

4 0

 
 
 
 
C O M P A N Y   S T A T E M E N T   O F   F I N A N C I A L   P O S I T I O N

At 31 December 2019

Company Registration No. 07148099

2019

2018

Note

£000

£000

£000

£000

ASSETS

NON-CURRENT ASSETS

Investments

13

26,192

28,927

TOTAL NON-CURRENT ASSETS

26,192

28,927

CURRENT ASSETS

Trade and other receivables

Cash and cash equivalents

16

17

5,001

1,128

3,131

643

TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS

TOTAL ASSETS

LIABILITIES

CURRENT LIABILITIES

6,129

32,321

Trade and other payables

18

6,659

4,595

TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES

TOTAL LIABILITIES

EQUITY

Share capital

Share premium

Merger reserve

Share based payment reserve

Retained earnings

26

28

28

28

28

1,662

13,135

14,066

654

(3,855)

TOTAL EQUITY ATTRIBUTABLE TO OWNERS OF THE PARENT

TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES

6,659

6,659

25,662

32,321

1,592

12,535

13,232

1,010

(263)

3,774

32,701

4,595

4,595

28,106

32,701

As permitted by Section 408 of the Companies Act 2006, the Company has not presented its own statement of com-
prehensive income and related notes. The Company’s loss for the year was £4,023,000 (2018: £89,000).

The notes on pages 58 to 99 form part of these financial statements.

The financial statements on pages 39 to 99 were approved by the board of directors and authorised for issue 
on 2 June 2020 and are signed on its behalf by:

P J Reason 
Director 

N J Goldsmith
Director 

4 1

 
                                                                                                          
 
 
 
 
 
 
C O N S O L I D A T E D   S T A T E M E N T   O F   C A S H   F L O W S

For the year ended 31 December 2019

Note

£000

£000

£000

£000

2019

2018

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES

(Loss)/profit before taxation

Adjustments for:

Depreciation

Amortisation of intangibles 

Amortisation of right of use assets

Impairment of goodwill and capitalised development

Share based payment charge

Retirement benefit obligations

Finance income

Finance costs

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATIONS BEFORE MOVEMENTS IN 
WORKING CAPITAL

Movements in working capital:

Decrease/(Increase) in inventories

Decrease in trade and other receivables

Increase/(Decrease) in trade, other payables and deferred income 

NET CASH GENERATED FROM OPERATIONS

Finance income

Finance costs

Income taxes

NET CASH GENERATED FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES

Capitalisation of development costs

Purchase of property, plant and equipment

Payment of contingent consideration

Purchase of subsidiary undertakings (net of cash acquired)

14

12

7

12

2

24

4

5

4

5

12

14

(901)

155

1,278

607

3,175

75

(475)

(7)

255

4,162

1

790

693

5,646

7

(255)

25

5,423

1,677

144

1,526

-

-

216

(499)

(33)

199

3,230

(7)

1,997

(3,448)

1,772

33

(11)

408

2,202

(1,344)

(91)

-

(1,268)

(1,490)

(145)

(200)

-

NET CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES

(2,703)

(1,835)

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES

Proceeds from issue of share capital

Lease interest payment

Repayment of lease liabilities 

Receipts from sublease of asset

7

7

Repayment of lease capital

648

(2)

(693)

7

(34)

50

(4)

-

-

(31)

NET CASH GENERATED FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES

NET INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS 

Cash and cash equivalents at start of year

Effects of exchange rate changes on the balance of cash held in foreign 
currencies

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF YEAR

17

(74)

2,646

3,572

(261)

5,957

15

382

3,064

126

3,572

The notes on pages 58 to 99 form part of these financial statements.

4 2

C O M P A N Y   S T A T E M E N T   O F   C A S H   F L O W S

For the year ended 31 December 2019

Note

2019

2018

£000

£000

£000

£000

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES

Loss before taxation

(4,023)

Adjustments for:

Finance income

Finance cost

Impairment of investment

13

CASH FLOWS USED IN OPERATIONS BEFORE 
MOVEMENTS IN WORKING CAPITAL  

Movements in working capital:

Increase in trade and other receivables

Increase in trade and other payables

NET CASH USED IN OPERATIONS

Finance income

Finance costs

NET CASH USED IN OPERATING ACTIVITIES

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES

Payment of deferred consideration

-

NET CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES

Proceeds from issue of share capital

648

NET CASH GENERATED FROM FINANCING 
ACTIVITIES

NET INCREASE/(DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH 
EQUIVALENTS  

Cash and cash equivalents at start of year

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF YEAR

17

The notes on pages 58 to 99 form part of these financial statements.

-

243

2,810

(970)

(1,014)

2,064

80

-

(243)

(163)

-

648

485

643

1,128

(89)

(81)

20

-

(150)

(885)

719

(316)

81

(8)

(243)

(200)

50

(393)

1,036

643

(200)

50

4 3

C O N S O L I D A T E D   S T A T E M E N T   O F   C H A N G E S   I N   E Q U I T Y

ATTRIBUTABLE TO OWNERS OF THE COMPANY

Share 
capital
£000

Share 
premium
£000

Merger
reserve
£000

Shares 
based 
payment 
reserve
£000

Translation
reserve
£000

Retained 
earnings
£000

Total
 equity
£000

Balance as at 1 January 2018

1,589

12,488

1,598

794

Profit for the year

Other comprehensive (expense)/income for 
the year

Total comprehensive (expense)/income

Shares issued

Share based payment

-

-

3

-

-

-

-

47

-

-

-

-

-

-

Balance at 31 December 2018 

1,592

12,535

1,598

Adjustment on initial application of IFRS 16

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

216

1,010

-

Adjusted balance as at 1 January 2019

1,592

12,535

1,598

1,010

Profit for the year

Other comprehensive income/(expense) for 
the year

Total comprehensive (expense)/income

Shares issued

Share based payment

Reserve transfer on exercise of share options

-

-

-

70

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

600

834

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

75

(431)

483

-

(193)

(193)

-

-

290

-

290

-

(208)

(208)

-

-

-

(3,179)

13,773

1,470

1,079

2,549

-

-

(630)

(68)

(698)

(923)

24

1,470

886

2,356

50

216

16,395

(68)

16,327

(923)

(184)

(899)

(1,107)

-

-

431

1,504

75

-

Balance as at 31 December 2019

1,662

13,135

2,432

654

82

(1,166)

16,799

C O M P A N Y   S T A T E M E N T   O F   C H A N G E S   I N   E Q U I T Y

ATTRIBUTABLE TO OWNERS OF THE COMPANY

Share 
capital
£000

Share 
premium
£000

Merger
reserve
£000

Share based 
payment 
reserve issued
£000

Retained 
earnings
£000

Balance as at 1 January 2018

1,589

 12,488

13,232

794

Loss for the year

Shares issued

Share based payment

-

3

-

-

47

-

-

-

-

Balance as at 31 December 2018

1,592

12,535

13,232

Loss for the year

Shares issued

Share based payment                                                           

Reserve transfer on exercise of share options

-

70

-

-

-

600

-

-

-

834

-

-

Total
 equity
£000

27,929

(89)

50

216

28,106

(4,023)

1,504

75

-

(174)

(89)

-

-

(263)

(4,023)

-

-

-

-

216

1,010

-

-

75

(431)

431

Balance as at 31 December 2019

1,662

13,135

14,066

654

(3,855)

25,662

 The notes on pages 58 to 99 form part of these financial statements.

4 4

A C C O U N T I N G   P O L I C I E S

G E N E R A L   I N F O R M A T I O N

The principal activity and nature of operations of the 
Group  is  the  provision  of  world  class  IT  solutions  to 
the  life  sciences  market.  Instem’s  solutions  for  data 
collection,  management  and  analysis  are  used  by 
customers worldwide to meet the needs of life science 
and  healthcare  organisations  for  data-driven  decision 
making  leading  to  safer,  more  effective  products.  
Instem plc is a public limited company, listed on AIM, 
and  incorporated  in  England  and  Wales  under  the 
Companies  Act  2006  and  domiciled  in  England  and 
Wales.    The  registered  office  is  Diamond  Way,  Stone 
Business Park, Stone, Staffordshire, ST15 0SD.

S T A T E M E N T   O F   C O M P L I A N C E

The  financial  statements  of  the  Group  and  Company 
have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  International 
Financial  Reporting  Standards  (IFRS’s),  as  adopted 
for  use  in  the  European  Union,  IFRS  Interpretation 
Committee  (IFRIC)  interpretations,  issued  by  the 
International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), and 
the Companies Act 2006.

B A S I S   O F   P R E P A R A T I O N

The Group’s accounting reference date is 31 December.  
The  consolidated  financial  statements  have  been 
prepared on a going concern basis and prepared on the 
historical cost basis.
The  Company  has  taken  advantage  of  the  audit 
exemption  for  three  of  its  subsidiaries,  Instem  Life 
Science Systems Limited (company number 04339129), 
Instem Scientific Solutions Limited (company number 
03598020)  and  Instem  Clinical  Holdings  Limited 
(company  number  05840032),  by  virtue  of  s479A  of 
Companies  Act  2006.    The  Company  has  provided 
parent  guarantees  to  these  three  subsidiaries  which 
have  taken  advantage  of  the  exemption  from  audit. 
Under  this  guarantee,  the  Company  has  a  contingent 
liability of £9.0m.
The  accounting  policies  set  out  below  have,  unless 
otherwise stated, been applied consistently to all years 
presented in these consolidated financial statements.

A D O P T I O N   O F   I F R S

The  Group  and  Company  financial  statements  have 
been  prepared  in  accordance  with  IFRS,  IAS  and 

International  Financial  Reporting 
Interpretations 
Committee (IFRICs) effective as at 31 December 2019.  
The Group and Company have chosen not to adopt any 
amendments or revised standards early.

I F R S s   A D O P T E D   I N   T H E   Y E A R

The  following  IFRSs,  IASs  and  IFRICs  have  been 
adopted for the first time in the year:  
The Group has adopted IFRS 16 Leases from 1 January 
2019  using  the  modified  retrospective  approach  and 
has  not  restated  comparatives  for  the  2018  reporting 
period  as  permitted  under  the  specific  transition 
provisions in the standard.
On  adoption  of  IFRS  16,  the  Group  recognised  lease 
liabilities  on  the  statement  of  financial  position  in 
relation to leases which had previously been classified 
as  ‘operating  leases’  under  the  principles  of  IAS  17 
Leases.  These  liabilities  were  measured  at  the  present 
value  of  the  remaining  lease  payments,  discounted 
using  the  lessee’s  incremental  borrowing  rate  as  of  1 
January 2019. The weighted average lessee’s incremental 
borrowing  rate  applied  to  the  lease  liabilities  on  1 
January 2019 was 4.0%. For longer leases of over 5 years 
a discount rate of 5% has been applied. Any prepaid or 
accrued lease payments relating to leases recognised in 
the statement of financial position as at 31 December 
2018  have  been  adjusted  against  the  value  of  right  of 
use assets as at the 1 January 2019.
Instead  of  recognising  an  operating  expense  for  its 
operating  lease  payments,  the  Group  now  instead 
liabilities  and 
lease 
interest  on 
recognises 
amortisation on its right of use assets.
Right of use assets increased by £3,002,000 on 1 January 
2019,  comprising  land  &  buildings  of  £2,978,000  and 
motor vehicles of £24,000. Lease liabilities for land & 
buildings on 1 January 2019 are £3,020,000 and motor 
vehicles £22,000. The net impact on retained earnings 
on 1 January 2019 was a decrease of £68,000.
In  applying  the  modified  retrospective  approach,  the 
Group  has  taken  advantage  of  the  following  practical 
expedients:
•  A single discount rate has been applied to portfolios 
of leases with reasonably similar characteristics.
Impairment  losses  on  right  of  use  assets  as  at  1 
January  2019  have  been  measured  by  reference 
to  the  amount  of  any  onerous  lease  provision 
recognised on 31 December 2018.

its 

• 

4 5

A C C O U N T I N G   P O L I C I E S   ( C O N T I N U E D )

•  Leases with a remaining term of 12 months or less 
from the date of initial application have not been 
recognised  on  the  statement  of  financial  position 
with  payments  instead  recognised  as  an  expense 
over the lease term on a straight-line basis,

•  The  Group  has  not  reassessed  whether  contracts 
are,  or  contain,  a  lease  as  at  the  date  of  initial 
application.  The  Group  has  therefore  not  applied 
the requirements of IFRS 16 to contracts that were 
not  previously  identified  as  containing  a  lease 
under IAS 17 and IFRIC 4.

•  For  the  purposes  of  measuring  the  right  of  use 
asset  hindsight  has  been  used.  Therefore,  it  has 
been measured based on prevailing estimates at the 
date of initial application and not retrospectively.
Management  have  concluded  that  the  interest  rate 
implicit in the leases cannot not be readily determined 
therefore the leases held have been discounted by the 
incremental  borrowing  rate  (IBR),  being  the  rate  of 
interest  that  the  Group  would  have  to  pay  to  borrow 
over  a  similar  term,  and  with  a  similar  security,  the 
funds necessary to obtain assets of a similar value to the 
right of use assets in a similar economic environment.

I F R S s   I S S U E D   B U T   N O T   Y E T 
E F F E C T I V E

There  are  a  number  of  standards,  amendments  to 
standards, and interpretations which have been issued 
by  the  IASB  that  are  effective  in  future  accounting 
periods that the Group has decided not to adopt early. 
The most significant of these is are as follows, which are 
all effective for the period beginning 1 January 2020: 
• 

IAS  1  Presentation  of  Financial  Statements  and 
IAS 8 Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting 
Estimates and Errors (Amendment – Definition of 
Material) 
IFRS  3  Business  Combinations  (Amendment  – 
Definition of Business) 

• 

•  Revised  Conceptual  Framework  for  Financial 

Reporting 

These  standards  are  not  expected  to  have  a  material 
impact on the entity in the current or future reporting 
periods and on foreseeable future transactions.

B A S I S   O F   C O N S O L I D A T I O N 

The consolidated financial statements incorporate those 
of the parent company, Instem plc, and its subsidiary 

4 6

undertakings  made  up  to  31  December  2019  and  31 
December 2018.
In preparing the consolidated financial statements, any 
intra-group  balances,  unrealised  gains  and  losses  or 
income and expenses arising from intra-group trading 
are  eliminated.    Where  accounting  policies  used  in 
individual financial statements of a subsidiary company 
differ  from  Group  policies,  adjustments  are  made  to 
bring these policies in line with Group policies.
Subsidiaries
Subsidiaries are entities in which the Group has rights to 
variable returns from its involvement with the investee 
and  has  the  ability  to  affect  those  returns  through  its 
power over the investee. Subsidiaries are consolidated 
from  the  date  on  which  control  is  transferred  to  the 
Group up until the date that control ceases.
All  subsidiary  companies  within  the  Group  have 
a  financial  year  end  date  of  31  December,  with  the 
exception  of  Instem  India  Pvt  Limited  which  has  a 
financial year end date of 31 March.

B U S I N E S S   C O M B I N A T I O N S

Acquisitions of businesses are accounted for using the 
acquisition method.  The consideration transferred in a 
business combination is measured at fair value, which 
is  calculated  as  the  sum  of  the  acquisition  date  fair 
values of the assets transferred by the Group, liabilities 
incurred  by  the  Group  to  the  former  owners  of  the 
acquiree and the equity interests issued by the Group 
in  exchange  for  control  of  the  acquiree.    Acquisition 
related costs are recognised in profit or loss as incurred.
At the acquisition date, the identifiable assets acquired 
and the liabilities assumed are recognised at their fair 
value,  except  that  deferred  tax  assets  or  liabilities  are 
recognised  and  measured  in  accordance  with  IAS  12 
‘Income taxes’.
Consideration  may  consist  of  deferred  consideration 
and contingent consideration. Deferred consideration 
is  not  based  on  any  performance  related  conditions 
and  is  payable  on  an  agreed  future  date.  Contingent 
consideration is based on certain performance related 
conditions  and  payable  on  an  agreed  future  date,  if 
those conditions are met. 
Deferred  consideration  and  contingent  consideration 
is  measured  at  their  acquisition-date  fair  value 
and  are  taken  into  account  in  the  determination  of 
goodwill.  Changes  in  the  fair  value  of  the  contingent 
consideration  that  qualify  as  measurement  period 

are 

adjusted 

adjustments 
retrospectively,  with 
corresponding  adjustments  against  goodwill.    The 
subsequent  accounting  for  changes  in  the  fair  value 
of  the  contingent  consideration  that  do  not  qualify 
as measurement period adjustments depends on how 
the contingent consideration is classified.  Contingent 
consideration that is classified as an asset or a liability 
is  re-measured  at  subsequent  reporting  dates  with 
the  corresponding  gain  or  loss  being  recognised  in 
statement of comprehensive income. 

G O I N G   C O N C E R N 

The financial position of the Group, its cash flows and 
liquidity position are set out in the primary statements 
within these financial statements.
The  Group's  financing  arrangements  consist  of  a 
committed net overdraft facility of £0.5m with NatWest 
Bank plc to support the Group's working capital needs.  
At 31 December 2019 the facility was undrawn (2018: 
undrawn).  There are no material covenants associated 
with the facility.
In November 2019 the Company acquired the earnings 
enhancing, cash generative business of Leadscope Inc, 
the results of which are included in the Group's forecast 
cash  flows  for  2020  and  beyond.  The  only  financial 
obligation associated with this acquisition during 2020 
is  a  deferred  consideration  payment  of  $0.4m  due  in 
November 2020.
The Group's detailed forecasts and projections, taking 
account  of  reasonably  possible  changes  in  trading 
performance  through  sensitivity  analysis,  show  that 
the  Group  has  adequate  resources  to  be  able  it  to 
continue in operation for at least twelve months from 
the  approval  date  of  these  Consolidated  Financial 
Statements. Accordingly, the Group continues to adopt 
the going concern basis in preparing its Consolidated 
Financial Statements.
The uncertainty as to the future impact on the Group of 
the recent COVID-19 outbreak has been considered as 
part of the Group's adoption of the going concern basis. 
Thus  far  we  have  not  observed  any  material  impact 
on our overall existing business or in the level of new 
business opportunities that are being presented to us in 
the markets in which we operate. We have seen a little 
slippage in customers placing new business during the 
first quarter of 2020, but at this stage it is too early to 
determine whether this is likely to be a long term issue 
or  merely  a  temporary  matter  whilst  our  customers 
are  focused  on  managing  their  own  businesses,  with 
changes  from  introducing  staff  self-isolation  and 
working from home.
The  Group  has  a  significant  proportion  of  recurring 

revenue  (circa  60%  of  total)  from  annual  support 
&  maintenance  and  SaaS  contracts  from  a  well-
established  global  customer  base.  Experience  from 
the  last  financial  crisis  showed  there  was  no  material 
increase in recurring revenue attrition, although annual 
inflationary increases were harder to secure.  Revenue 
is  supported  by  a  largely  fixed  cost  base  comprising 
staff and offices. 
The Group had net current assets (excluding deferred 
income) of £10.0m at 31 December 2019 (2018: £9.8m). 
The  deferred  income  recurs  each  year  on  renewal  of 
contracts and in general the Group has either received 
the related cash or has raised invoices for the services. 
The Group had positive cash reserves of £6.0m at the 
2019  year  end,  in  addition  to  the  £0.5m  undrawn 
working  capital  facility,  although  £1.9m  of  the  cash 
was held in bank accounts in China, where it has been 
traditionally harder to repatriate funds quickly. There 
are however no long-term restrictions on the transfer 
of funds from the Group bank accounts in China.
In the downside scenario analysis performed, the Board 
has considered the potential impact of the COVID-19 
outbreak  on  the  Group's  results.  In  preparing  this 
analysis the following key assumptions were used: the 
impact of a 25% loss of new business for the next twelve 
months, no hiring of new staff for twelve months and 
a  weakening  of  the  USD  against  GBP.  This  resulted 
in reduced profitability and cash over the next twelve 
months,  but  the  Company  remained  viable.  We  then 
considered a more extreme situation, if the significant 
negative  impact  of  COVID-19  continued  for  an 
extended period of time into 2021. We assumed there 
would be no new business. and up to 25% erosion of 
the  existing  customer  base  for  recurring  revenues. 
This would result in the Company exhausting its cash 
reserves  and  exceeding  its  bank  facility  in  November 
2020. 
The Company would take remedial action to counter 
the dramatic reduction in profit and cash through a cost 
cutting  and  fund-raising  exercise  that  would  include 
staff  redundancies,  general  cost  control  measures, 
office space reduction and seeking alternative sources 
of funding from banks and investors.  
These  downside  scenarios  are  considered  unlikely. 
However,  it  is  difficult  to  predict  the  overall  impact 
and  outcome  of  COVID-19  at  this  stage,  particularly 
if  there  was  a  second  wave  towards  the  end  of  2020. 
The Board acknowledges that based on the difficulty in 
determining when sufficient relief funding may become 
available  and  when  the  full  benefit  of  cost  cutting 
measures  is  realised  there  is  material  uncertainty  in 
the Group's future as a result of a long-term negative 
impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. 

4 7

A C C O U N T I N G   P O L I C I E S   ( C O N T I N U E D )

that 

concluded 

The  directors  have 
current 
circumstances  represent  a  material  uncertainty  that 
may cast significant doubt upon the company's ability 
to  continue  as  a  going  concern  and,  therefore,  that 
it  may  be  unable  to  realise  its  assets  and  discharge 
its  liabilities  in  the  ordinary  course  of  business. 
Nevertheless, after making enquiries, and considering 
the uncertainties described above, the directors have a 
reasonable expectation that the company has adequate 
resources to continue in operational existence for the 
foreseeable future. For these reasons, they continue to 
adopt the going concern basis in preparing the annual 
report and accounts. 

R E V E N U E   R E C O G N I T I O N

the 

services 

inception, 

technology 

transaction  price 

The  Group  generates  revenue  from  the  provision  of 
software licences, annual support, SaaS subscriptions, 
professional 
enabled 
and 
outsourced services. 
At  contract  inception,  an  assessment  is  completed  to 
identify the performance obligations in each contract.  
Performance obligations in a contract are either goods 
or services that are distinct or part of a series of goods 
or services that are substantially the same and have the 
same  pattern  of  transfer  to  the  customer.    Promises 
that are not distinct are combined with other promised 
goods or services in the contract, until a performance 
obligation is satisfied.  
At  contract 
is 
determined, being the amount that the Group expects 
to  receive  for  transferring  the  promised  goods  or 
services.  The  transaction  price  is  allocated  to  the 
performance  obligations  in  the  contract  based  on 
their  relative  standalone  selling  prices.  The  Group 
has  determined  that  the  contractually  stated  price 
represents  the  standalone  selling  price  for  each 
performance obligation.  
Revenue is recognised when a performance obligation 
has been satisfied by transferring the promised product 
or service to the customer. 
Software licences
Revenue  from  the  sale  of  the  software  licences  is 
recognised  when  the  customer  takes  possession  of 
the  software  which  is  usually  when  the  license  key  is 
provided to the customer.  This is because the software 
is  functional  at  the  time  the  licence  transfers  to  the 
customer and the Group is not required or expected to 
undertake activities that significantly affect the utility 
of the intellectual property by the customer.

Annual support 
Customers  typically  enter  into  a  support  contract  for 
a period of twelve months. This contract provides the 
customer with access to technical support and software 
upgrades. The promises in these contracts are a single 
performance  obligation,  which  is  satisfied  over  time 
as the customer consumes the benefits of the service.  
Revenue in respect of the single performance obligation 
is recognised evenly over the contract term.
SaaS subscription and support
Customers  typically  enter  into  a  SaaS  contract  for  a 
period  of  twelve  months  and  pay  a  fixed  amount  in 
exchange for the usage of software on a hosted server 
over  a  specified  period  of  time  along  with  access  to 
maintenance  and  support.  Initial  SaaS  contracts  may 
also include some installation or customisation of the 
software  and  training  for  staff.  The  promises  in  this 
contract  are  considered  to  be  a  single  performance 
obligation  as  the  subscription  and  support  are 
highly  interdependent  on  one  another  given  that  the 
customers are required to take the full package of both 
the  software  and  support  services  i.e  Instem  would 
not  be  able  to  provide  the  support  services  without 
the provision of the software nor provide the software 
without the support services. 
The revenue is recognised over the period of the contract 
on a straight-line basis as the customer simultaneously 
receives and consumes the benefits of the software and 
services provided by the Group.
Professional services and technology enabled 
outsourced services
Customers  typically  enter  into  a  service  contract  to 
provide distinct service work based on clear statements 
of  work.  Service  work  includes,  but  is  not  limited  to, 
implementation  services,  training  and  outsourced 
services  work  relating  to  SEND  and  KnowledgeScan. 
The  promises  in  this  contract  are  considered  to  be  a 
single  performance  obligation  given  the  services  are 
interdependent  and  the  revenue  is  recognised  on  a 
percentage completion basis for fixed price contracts or 
as services are provided in respect of time and materials 
contracts. The Group has elected to take the practical 
expedient  to  apply  this  policy  to  its  portfolio  distinct 
service  contracts  given  the  similar  characteristics  in 
these types of contracts.
Bundled contracts
Software  licences,  professional  services  -  and  annual 
support are often bundled together in a contract.

4 8

Where the contract assessment identifies that the sale 
does not meet the criteria to be a distinct performance 
obligation,  due  to  a  lack  of  interdependence  between 
performance obligations, promises that are not distinct 
are combined with other promised goods or services in 
the contract, until a performance obligation is satisfied. 
Revenue  in  respect  of  this  bundled  performance 
obligation  is  recognised  over  the  period  of  the 
contracted obligation on a straight-line basis.
Amounts recoverable on contracts and deferred income
In most cases, customers are invoiced and payment is 
received in advance of revenue being recognised in the 
income  statement.  Amounts  recoverable  on  contracts 
and deferred income is the difference between amounts 
invoiced  to  customers  and  revenue  recognised  under 
the  policy  described  above.  If  the  amount  of  revenue 
recognised  exceeds  the  amounts  invoiced  the  excess 
amount  is  included  within  amounts  recoverable  on 
contracts.
Contract costs
The  incremental  costs  associated  with  obtaining  a 
contract are recognised as an asset if the Group expects 
to  recover  the  costs.    Costs  that  are  not  incremental 
to  a  contract  are  expensed  as  incurred.  Management 
determine  which  costs  are  incremental  and  meet  the 
criteria for capitalisation.  
Costs  to  fulfil  a  contract,  which  are  not  in  the  scope 
of  another  standard,  are  recognised  separately  as 
a  contract  fulfilment  asset  to  the  extent  that  they 
relate  directly  to  a  contract  which  can  be  specifically 
identified; the costs generate or enhance resources that 
will be used to satisfy the performance obligation and 
the  costs  are  expected  to  be  recovered.  Management 
applies 
judgement  to  determine  which  contract 
fulfilment  costs  meet  the  recognition  criteria,  and  in 
particular  if  the  costs  generate  or  enhance  resources 
used to satisfy the performance obligation. 
Costs to fulfil a contract which do not meet the criteria 
above are expensed as incurred.  
Contract fulfilment asset
Contract  fulfilment  assets  are  amortised  over  the 
expected  contract  period  on  a  systematic  basis 
representing  the  pattern  in  which  control  of  the 
associated service is transferred to the customer.  
Practical exemptions
The  Group  has  taken  advantage  of  the  following 
practical exemptions:
•  not to account for significant financing components 
where  the  time  difference  between  receiving 
consideration and transferring control of goods (or 
services) to its customer is one year or less; 

• 

• 

expense  the  incremental  costs  of  obtaining  a 
contract when the amortisation period of the asset 
otherwise recognised would have been one year or 
less; and
to not disclose information relating to performance 
obligations  for  contracts  that  had  an  original 
expected  duration  of  one  year  or  less  or  where 
the  right  to  consideration  from  a  customer  is  an 
amount that corresponds directly with the value of 
the completed performance obligations.

E A R N I N G S   B E F O R E   I N T E R E S T , 
T A X A T I O N ,   D E P R E C I A T I O N , 
A M O R T I S A T I O N   A N D   N O N -
R E C U R R I N G   C O S T S   ( E B I T D A )

Adjusted  EBITDA  is  profit/(loss)  arising  from  the 
Group’s normal trading activities stated before interest, 
tax,  depreciation,  amortisation, 
impairment  of 
goodwill and capitalised development costs and non-
recurring items.
It is shown in this way to provide a clearer measure of 
underlying operating performance.

S E G M E N T A L   D I S C L O S U R E S

In prior years, the Group reported its business as one 
operating  segment;  Global  Life  Sciences.  The  Board 
managed the Group by monitoring its revenue streams 
and  considered  the  cost  base  as  a  whole.  During 
2019  the  business  was  divided  into  three  operating 
segments to better manage and report revenues; Study 
Management, Regulatory Solutions and Informatics. 
Historically  the  Group  have  recorded  costs  centrally 
and have managed costs in this way. During the final 
quarter  of  2019  certain  direct  costs  were  allocated  to 
the revenue streams whilst the majority of costs were 
still recorded and reported centrally. The treatment in 
2019 is a new disclosure based on information that was 
provided  to  the  Instem  Board,  the  Company’s  Chief 
Operating Decision Maker, at the end of the year.
Whilst  the  expectation  in  future  years  is  to  allocate 
more centrally held operational costs to the individual 
segments,  it  will  take  time  for  the  allocations  to  be 
sufficiently accurate for the Board to use segmental cost 
information for meaningful decision making. Until that 
time, cost allocations will not be provided to the Board 
as part of the monthly management information. 
The operations of the Group are managed centrally with 
group-wide  functions  including  sales  and  marketing, 
development, customer support, human resources and 
finance & administration.

4 9

A C C O U N T I N G   P O L I C I E S   ( C O N T I N U E D )

F O R E I G N   C U R R E N C I E S 

  Monetary  assets  and 

Transactions  in  foreign  currencies  are  translated 
at  the  foreign  exchange  rate  ruling  at  the  date  of 
the  transaction. 
liabilities 
denominated  in  foreign  currencies  at  the  reporting 
date are translated at the foreign exchange rate ruling 
at  that  date.    Foreign  exchange  differences  arising 
on  translation  are  recognised  in  profit  or  loss.    Non-
monetary  assets  and  liabilities  that  are  measured 
in  terms  of  historical  cost  in  a  foreign  currency  are 
translated  using  the  exchange  rate  at  the  date  of  the 
transaction. 
  Non-monetary  assets  and  liabilities 
denominated  in  foreign  currencies  that  are  stated  at 
fair value are translated at foreign exchange rates ruling 
at the date the fair value was determined.  
liabilities  of  foreign  operations, 
The  assets  and 
including goodwill and fair value adjustments arising 
on  consolidation,  are  translated  at  foreign  exchange 
rates  ruling  at  the  reporting  date.    The  revenue  and 
expenses  of  foreign  operations  are  translated  at  an 
average rate for the year where this rate approximates 
to the foreign exchange rates ruling at the dates of the 
transactions, or otherwise at the exchange rate ruling at 
the date of each transaction.
Exchange  differences  arising  from  the  translation  of 
foreign operations are taken directly to the translation 
reserve.    They  are  released  into  profit  or  loss  upon 
disposal of the foreign operation.

The consolidated financial statements are presented in 
Sterling (GBP), which is also the functional currency of 
the Parent Company. The functional currencies of each 
of the companies in the Group are as follows:

Instem plc

Sterling (GBP)

Instem Life Science Systems Limited 

Sterling (GBP)

Instem LSS Limited

Sterling (GBP)

Instem LSS (North America) Limited

US Dollars (USD)

Instem LSS Asia Limited

Hong Kong Dollars (HKD)

Instem Information Systems (Shanghai) 
Limited

Renminbi (RMB)

Instem Scientific Limited

Sterling (GBP)

Instem Scientific Solutions Limited

Sterling (GBP)

Instem Scientific Inc

US Dollars (USD)

Instem India Pvt Limited

Indian Rupees (INR)

Instem Clinical Holdings Limited

Sterling (GBP)

Instem Clinical Limited

Sterling (GBP)

Instem Clinical Inc

US Dollars (USD)

Perceptive Instruments Limited

Sterling (GBP)

Instem Japan K.K

Japanese Yen (JPY)

Samarind Limited

Sterling (GBP)

Notocord Systems S.A.

Euro (EUR)

Notocord Inc.

US Dollars (USD)

Leadscope Inc.

US Dollars (USD)

The exchange rates used to translate the financial statements into Sterling (GBP) are as follows:

US Dollar 
(USD)

Hong Kong 
Dollar (HKD)

Chinese 
Renminbi
(RMB)

Indian Rupee
(INR)

Japanese
Yen (JPY)

Euro
(EUR)

Average rate for year ended 31 December 2018

1.3354

10.4662

8.8201

91.1933

147.3546

1.1301

Closing rate at 31 December 2018

1.2735

9.9761

8.7611

88.8707

140.3243

1.1138

Average rate for year ended 31 December 2019

1.2739

9.9825

8.7841

89.3413

138.8451

1.1389

Closing rate at 31 December 2019

1.3159

10.2457

9.1621

93.8148

142.9249

1.1735

5 0

N O N   R E C U R R I N G   I T E M S

Non  recurring  items  are  gains  or  losses  which  are 
infrequent or abnormal and are not part of the ongoing 
operations  of  the  business.  Non  recurring  items  may 
include restructuring costs, legal fees, M&A costs and 
other unusual gains or losses.

F I N A N C E   I N C O M E

Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference 
to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest 
rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts 
estimated  future  cash  receipts  through  the  expected 
life  of  the  financial  asset  to  that  asset’s  net  carrying 
amount.    Finance  income  includes  exchange  gains 
(including exchange gains on the translation of intra-
group funding balances).

F I N A N C E   C O S T S

Net finance costs include interest payable, arrangement 
and service fees, exchange losses (including exchange 
losses  on  the  translation  of  inter-company  funding 
balances),  unwinding  discount  from  future  deferred 
consideration  payments,  finance  charges  on  leases 
and net interest on pension scheme liabilities.  Interest 
payable is recognised in the statement of comprehensive 
income as it accrues, using the effective interest method.

S H A R E - B A S E D   P A Y M E N T 
T R A N S A C T I O N S 

The Group issues equity-settled share-based payments 
to certain employees. Equity-settled share-based 
payments are measured at fair value at the date of 
grant by reference to the fair value of the equity 
instruments granted.  The fair value determined at 
the grant date of equity-settled share-based payments 
is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting 
period, based on the Group’s estimate of the number 
of instruments that will eventually vest with a 
corresponding adjustment to equity.  Fair values are 
measured by use of the Binomial, Monte Carlo or 
Black Scholes models.  The expected life used in the 
model has been adjusted, based on management’s best 
estimate, for the effect of non-transferability, exercise 
restrictions, and behavioural considerations.
Non-vesting  and  market  vesting  conditions  are  taken 
into  account  when  estimating  the  fair  value  of  the 
option  at  grant  date.  Service  and  non-market  vesting 
conditions  are  taken  into  account  by  adjusting  the 
number of options expected to vest at each reporting 
date.  Market  vesting  conditions  are  linked  to  the 
Group’s share price performance. Non-market vesting 

conditions  are  linked  to  trading  performance  and 
service over defined time periods.
Cancelled  or  settled  options  are  accounted  for  as  an 
acceleration  of  vesting.    The  unrecognised  grant  date 
fair  value  is  recognised  in  profit  or  loss  in  the  year 
that  the  options  are  cancelled  or  settled.    Where  the 
terms of the options are modified and the modification 
increases the fair value or number of equity instruments 
granted,  measured  immediately  before  and  after  the 
modification, the incremental fair value is spread over 
the remaining vesting period.
Options  over  the  Company’s  shares  granted  to 
employees  of  subsidiaries  are  recognised  as  a  capital 
contribution in the subsidiaries and added to the cost 
of investment within Instem plc.

T A X A T I O N 

Taxation  expense  includes  the  amount  of  current 
income  tax  payable  and  the  charge  for  the  year  in 
respect of deferred taxation.
The income tax payable is based on an estimation of the 
amount due on the taxable profit for the year.  Taxable 
profit  is  different  from  profit  before  tax  as  reported 
in  the  statement  of  comprehensive  income  because  it 
excludes items of income or expenditure which are not 
taxable  or  deductible  in  the  year  as  a  result  of  either 
the  nature  of  the  item  or  the  fact  that  it  is  taxable  or 
deductible  in  another  year.    The  Group’s  liability  for 
current  tax  is  calculated  by  using  tax  rates  that  have 
been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting 
date.
Income  tax  credits  for  research  and  development 
activities are recognised on a cash basis or when their 
receipt is reasonably certain.
Deferred tax is accounted for on the basis of temporary 
differences arising from the differences between the tax 
base and accounting base of assets and liabilities.
Deferred  tax  is  recognised  for  all  taxable  temporary 
differences, except to the extent where it arises from the 
initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction 
that is not a business combination.  Deferred tax assets 
are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that 
future  taxable  profits  will  be  available  against  which 
temporary differences can be utilised. Deferred tax is 
recognised  on  income  or  expenses  from  subsidiaries 
that will be assessed or allow for tax in future periods 
except where the Group is able to control the reversal of 
the timing difference and it is probable that the timing 
difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future.
Deferred tax is charged or credited to the statement of 
comprehensive income, except when it relates to items 

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A C C O U N T I N G   P O L I C I E S   ( C O N T I N U E D )

charged or credited directly to equity, in which case it is 
dealt with within equity.  It is calculated at the tax rates 
that are expected to apply to the period when the asset 
is realised or the liability is settled.

I N T A N G I B L E   A S S E T S

Intangible assets purchased separately from a business 
are capitalised at their cost. 
Intellectual Property, Customer Relationships, 
Brand Names and Patents
The  Group  makes  an  assessment  of  the  fair  value 
of  intangible  assets  arising  on  acquisitions.  These 
include Intellectual Property, Customer Relationships, 
Brand  Names  and  Patents.    An  intangible  asset  will 
be  recognised  as  long  as  the  asset  is  identifiable  and 
its fair value can be measured reliably.  An intangible 
asset is identifiable if it is separable or if it was obtained 
through  contractual  or  legal  rights.    Amortisation  is 
provided on the fair value of the asset and is calculated 
on a straight-line basis over its useful life.  The useful 
life  for  Intellectual  Property,  Customer  Relationships, 
Brand Names and Patents is between five and ten years.  
Amortisation  is  recognised  within  the  statement  of 
comprehensive  income.    All  intangible  assets  except 
Goodwill are amortised.
Goodwill
Goodwill on acquisitions, being the excess of the fair 
value of the cost of acquisition over the Group’s interest 
in the fair value of the identifiable assets and liabilities 
acquired,  is  capitalised  and  tested  for  impairment  on 
an annual basis.  
Any impairment is recognised immediately in profit or 
loss and is not subsequently reversed.  For the purpose 
of  impairment  testing  goodwill  is  allocated  to  cash 
generating  units  of  Instem  plc,  which  represent  the 
smallest identifiable group of assets that generates cash 
inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows 
from other assets or groups of assets.
Computer Software
Computer software is carried at cost less accumulated 
amortisation  and  any  impairment  loss.    Externally 
acquired computer software and software licences are 
capitalised and amortised on a straight-line basis over 
their useful economic lives of three years.  Costs relating 
to development of computer software for internal use 
are  capitalised  once  the  recognition  criteria  of  IAS 
38 “Intangible Assets” are met.  When the software is 

5 2

• 

• 

• 

available for its use, these costs are amortised over the 
estimated useful life of the software.
Internally generated intangible assets 
Expenditure on research activities is recognised in the 
statement of comprehensive income as incurred.
Expenditure arising from the Group’s development of 
software for sale to third parties is recognised only if all 
of the following conditions are met:
• 
• 

an asset is created that can be identified;
it  is  probable  that  the  asset  created  will  generate 
future economic benefits; 
the development cost of the asset can be measured 
reliably;
the Group has the intention to complete the asset 
and the ability and intention to use or sell it;
the  product  or  process 
commercially feasible; and 
sufficient  resources  are  available  to  complete  the 
development and to either sell or use the asset.
Capitalised  development  costs  are  those  which  are 
directly  attributable  to  the  development  activity  and 
include  employee  costs,  overheads  and  direct  third 
party costs.
Where the criteria have not been achieved, development 
expenditure is recognised in profit or loss in the period 
in which it is incurred. 
Internally-generated  intangible  assets  are  amortised, 
once the product is available for use, on a straight-line 
basis over their useful lives (five to eight years).
Gains  or  losses  arising  from  derecognition  of  an 
intangible asset are measured as the difference between 
the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of 
the asset and are recognised in profit or loss when the 
asset is derecognised.

technically  and 

is 

• 

P R O P E R T Y,  P L A N T  &  E Q U I P M E N T 

Property,  plant  and  equipment  are  stated  in  the 
statement of financial position at cost less accumulated 
depreciation and provision for impairments.
Depreciation is provided on all assets so as to write off 
the cost less estimated residual value on a straight-line 
basis as follows:

•  Short leasehold property - Over term of lease 
•  IT hardware and software - 12½% - 33% per annum

The  expected  useful  lives  and  residual  values  of 
property,  plant  and  equipment  are  reviewed  on  an 
annual  basis and, if necessary, changes in  useful lives 
are accounted for prospectively.  
The gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement 
of an asset is determined as the difference between the 
sales  proceeds  and  the  carrying  amount  of  the  asset 
and  is  recognised  in  the  statement  of  comprehensive 
income.

L E A S I N G

All  leases  are  accounted  for  by  recognising  a  right  of 
use asset and a lease liability except for: 
•  Leases of low value assets; and 
•  Leases with a term of 12 months or less. 
Lease liabilities are measured at the present value of the 
contractual payments due to the lessor over the lease 
term, with the discount rate determined by reference to 
the rate inherent in the lease unless (as is typically the 
case) this is not readily determinable, in which case the 
group’s incremental borrowing rate on commencement 
of the lease is used.  Variable lease payments are only 
included in the measurement of the lease liability if they 
depend on an index or rate.  In such cases, the initial 
measurement of the lease liability assumes the variable 
element  will  remain  unchanged  throughout  the  lease 
term.  Other variable lease payments are expensed in 
the period to which they relate. 
On initial recognition, the carrying value of the lease 
liability also includes: 
• 

amounts expected to be payable under any residual 
value guarantee; 
the exercise price of any purchase option granted 
in favour of the Group if it is reasonably certain to 
assess that option; 
any penalties payable for terminating the lease, if 
the  term  of  the  lease  has  been  estimated  on  the 
basis of termination option being exercised. 

• 

• 

Right of use assets are initially measured at the amount 
of  the  lease  liability,  reduced  for  any  lease  incentives 
received, and increased for: 
• 

lease payments made at or before commencement 
of the lease; 
initial direct costs incurred; and 
the  amount  of  any  provision  recognised  where 
the  Group  is  contractually  required  to  dismantle, 
remove  or  restore  the  leased  asset  (typically 
leasehold dilapidations).

• 
• 

Subsequent  to  initial  measurement  lease  liabilities 
increase as a result of interest charged at a constant rate 

on  the  balance  outstanding  and  are  reduced  for  lease 
payments made.  Right of use assets are amortised on 
a  straight-line  basis  over  the  remaining  term  of  the 
lease or over the remaining economic life of the asset if, 
rarely, this is judged to be shorter than the lease term. 
When  the  Group  revises  its  estimate  of  the  term  of 
any  lease  (because,  for  example,  it  re-assesses  the 
probability of a lessee extension or termination option 
being  exercised),  it  adjusts  the  carrying  amount  of 
the lease liability to reflect the payments to make over 
the  revised  term,  which  are  discounted  at  the  same 
discount  rate  that  applied  on  lease  commencement.  
The carrying value of lease liabilities is similarly revised 
when  the  variable  element  of  future  lease  payments 
dependent on a rate or index is revised.  In both cases 
an equivalent adjustment is made to the carrying value 
of  the  right  of  use  asset,  with  the  revised  carrying 
amount being amortised over the remaining (revised) 
lease term. 
When the Group renegotiates the contractual terms of 
a lease with the lessor, the accounting depends on the 
nature of the modification: 
• 

if the renegotiation results in one or more additional 
assets  being  leased  for  an  amount  commensurate 
with the standalone price for the additional rights-
of-use obtained, the modification is accounted for 
as  a  separate  lease  in  accordance  with  the  above 
policy 
in all other cases where the renegotiated increases 
the scope of the lease (whether that is an extension 
to the lease term, or one or more additional assets 
being leased), the lease liability is remeasured using 
the  discount  rate  applicable  on  the  modification 
date, with the right of use asset being adjusted by 
the same amount 
if  the  renegotiation  results  in  a  decrease  in  the 
scope  of  the  lease,  both  the  carrying  amount  of 
the lease liability and right of use asset are reduced 
by  the  same  proportion  to  reflect  the  partial  of 
full  termination  of  the  lease  with  any  difference 
recognised  in  profit  or  loss.    The  lease  liability  is 
then further adjusted to ensure its carrying amount 
reflects  the  amount  of  the  renegotiated  payments 
over the renegotiated term, with the modified lease 
payments discounted at the rate applicable on the 
modification date. The right of use asset is adjusted 
by the same amount. 

• 

• 

In  determining  the  lease  term,  the  Group  assesses 
whether  it  is  reasonably  certain  to  exercise,  or  not 
to  exercise,  options  to  extend  or  terminate  a  lease. 
This  assessment  is  made  at  the  start  of  the  lease  and 
is  re-assessed  if  significant  events  or  changes  in 

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include  market 

rental  agreements 

circumstances occur that are within the lessee’s control.
For  contracts  that  both  convey  a  right  to  the  Group 
to  use  an  identified  asset  and  require  services  to  be 
provided  to  the  Group  by  the  lessor,  the  Group  has 
elected to account for the entire contract as a  lease, i.e. 
it does allocate any amount of the contractual payments 
to, and account separately for, any services provided by 
the supplier as part of the contract.
The Group applies judgement in determining whether 
individual  leases  can  be  accounted  for  as  a  portfolio. 
The judgements include an assessment of whether the 
leases  share  similar  characteristics  and  whether  the 
financial  statements  would  be  materially  different  if 
each lease was accounted for individually.
The  Group  leases  a  number  of  properties  in  the 
  In  these 
jurisdictions  from  which  it  operates. 
jurisdictions  the  periodic  rent  is  fixed  over  the  lease 
term, with inflationary increases incorporated into the 
fixed payments stipulated in the lease agreements. 
rate 
Where 
escalations, the lease liability is re-measured when the 
change in cash payments takes affect. 
The  Group  also  leases  certain  vehicles.    Leases  of 
vehicles  comprise  only  fixed  payments  over  the  lease 
terms. 
The Group acts as a lessor in relation to a sublease of 
part of one of the properties rented. As the lease term is 
for the major part of the economic life of the underlying 
right of use asset this has been treated as a finance lease. 
The right of use asset has therefore been derecognised 
and  a  net  investment  in  the  lease  recognised  instead. 
Interest income is recognised on the lease receivable.
As  explained  previously,  the  Company  has  changed 
its  accounting  policy  for  leases  where  the  Company 
is  the  lessee.  The  impact  of  the  change  is  explained 
above.  Prior  to  this  change,  leases  of  property,  plant 
and  equipment  where  the  Company,  as  lessee,  had 
substantially  all  the  risks  and  rewards  of  ownership 
were  classified  as  finance  leases.  Finance  leases  were 
capitalised  at  the  lease’s  inception  at  the  fair  value  of 
the leased property or, if lower, the present value of the 
minimum  lease  payments.  The  corresponding  rental 
obligations,  net  of  finance  charges,  were  included  in 
creditors:  amounts  falling  due  within  12  months  and 
the  long-term  component  was  included  in  creditors: 
amounts falling due after more than one year. Each lease 
payment was allocated between the liability and finance 
cost. The finance cost was charged to profit or loss over 

the  lease  period  so  as  to  produce  a  constant  periodic 
rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability 
for  each  period.  The  property,  plant  and  equipment 
acquired  under  finance  leases  was  depreciated  over 
the asset’s useful life, or over the shorter of the asset’s 
useful life and the lease term if there was no reasonable 
certainty that the company would obtain ownership at 
the end of the lease term. 
Leases in which a significant portion of the risks and 
rewards  of  ownership  were  not  transferred  to  the 
Company as lessee were classified as operating leases. 
Payments  made  under  operating  leases  (net  of  any 
incentives  received  from  the  lessor)  were  charged  to 
profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the period of 
the lease.

I M P A I R M E N T   O F   A S S E T S 
E X C L U D I N G   G O O D W I L L

The  carrying  value  of  property,  plant  and  equipment 
and intangible assets (excluding goodwill) is reviewed 
for 
in 
impairment  whenever  events  or  changes 
circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be 
recoverable.  
At each reporting date the Group reviews the carrying 
value of its property, plant and equipment and intangible 
assets to determine whether there is any indication that 
those assets have suffered an impairment loss.  If any 
such  indication  exists  the  recoverable  amount  of  the 
asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of 
the impairment loss.
Where the asset does not generate cash flows that are 
independent  from  other  assets  the  Group  estimates 
the  recoverable  amount  of  the  cash  generating  unit 
(‘CGU’)  to  which  the  asset  belongs.    A  CGU  is  the 
smallest identifiable group of assets that generates cash 
inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows 
from other assets or groups of assets.
Recoverable  amount  is  the  higher  of  fair  value  less 
costs  to  sell  and  value  in  use.    In  assessing  value  in 
use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to 
their  present  value  using  a  pre-tax  discount  rate  that 
reflects current market assessments of the time value of 
money and the risks specific to the asset, for which the 
estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.  
If  the  recoverable  amount  of  an  asset  is  estimated  to 
be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount 
of  the  asset  is  reduced  to  its  recoverable  amount.  
An  impairment  loss  is  recognised  as  an  expense 
immediately.

5 4

 
 
Where  an  impairment  loss  subsequently  reverses, 
the  carrying  amount  of  the  assets  is  increased  to  the 
revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that 
the  increased  carrying  amount  does  not  exceed  the 
carrying  amount  that  would  have  been  determined 
had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset 
in  prior  years.    A  reversal  of  an  impairment  loss  is 
recognised in profit or loss immediately.

I N V E N T O R Y 

Inventory is stated at the lower of cost and net realisable 
value.   The  cost  of  work  in  progress  comprises  direct 
labour  and  other  direct  costs  and  includes  billable 
employee expenses.  
Provision  is  made  where  necessary  for  obsolete  and 
slow-moving inventory.

P R O V I S I O N   F O R   L I A B I L I T I E S

Provisions are recognised when there is a present legal 
or constructive obligation as a result of a past event, for 
which it is probable that an outflow of economic benefit 
will be required to settle the obligation and where the 
amount can be reliably estimated. 

F I N A N C I A L   I N S T R U M E N T S

Financial assets
The  Group  classifies  its  financial  assets  at  amortised 
cost.  The  classification  depends  on  the  purpose  for 
which the financial assets were acquired. Management 
determines  the  classification  of  its  financial  assets  at 
initial recognition.
Financial assets at amortised cost 
These  assets  arise  principally  from  the  provision  of 
goods and services to customers (eg trade receivables), 
but also incorporate other types of financial assets where 
the objective is to hold these assets in order to collect 
contractual cash flows and the contractual cash flows 
are solely payments of principal and interest.  They are 
initially recognised at fair value plus transaction costs 
that  are  directly  attributable  to  their  acquisition  or 
issue, and are subsequently carried at amortised cost, 
less provision for impairment.  
The  Group's  financial  assets  measured  at  amortised 
cost  comprise  trade  and  other  receivables  and  cash 
and cash equivalents in the consolidated statement of 
financial position.  
Trade receivables
Trade  and  other  receivables  are  amounts  due  from 
customers  for  services  performed  in  the  ordinary 
course  of  business.  If  collection  is  expected  in  one 

year  or  less  (or  in  the  normal  operating  cycle  of  the 
business, if longer) they are classified as current assets, 
if not, they are presented as non-current assets. 
Trade  and  other  receivables  are  measured  at  the 
transaction price in accordance with IFRS 15.
The  Group  applies  the  IFRS  9  simplified  approach  to 
measuring expected credit losses which uses a lifetime 
expected  loss  allowance  for  all  trade  receivables  and 
contract assets. To measure the expected credit losses, 
trade receivables and contract assets have been grouped 
based  on  shared  credit  risk  characteristics  and  the 
days past due. The expected loss rates are based on the 
payment profiles of sales over a period of 5 years before 
31  December  2019  (2018:  31  December  2018)  and 
the corresponding historical credit losses experienced 
within this period. The historical loss rates are adjusted 
to  reflect  current  and  forward-looking  information 
on  macroeconomic  factors  affecting  the  ability  of  the 
customers to settle the receivables.  The contract assets 
relate  to  unbilled  revenue,  which  have  performance 
obligations  to  be  completed. The  contract  assets  have 
substantially the same risk characteristics as the trade 
receivables for the same types of contracts. The Group 
has therefore concluded that the expected loss rates for 
trade receivables are a reasonable approximation of the 
loss rates for the contract assets.
At each reporting date management assesses whether 
any events have occurred which have had a detrimental 
effect  on  the  estimated  future  cash  flows  of  the  asset 
causing a financial asset to become credit-impaired. If 
the credit risk is significant a provision is posted based 
on  the  recoverable  amount  the  Group  is  expected 
to  receive  per  management’s  assessment.    Specific 
provisions  of  this  nature  are  excluded  from  the 
simplified  credit  loss  calculation  using  the  provision 
matrix.
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash in hand and 
cash deposits which are readily convertible to a known 
amount  of  cash.    Cash  and  cash  equivalents  in  the 
statement of financial position include bank overdrafts. 
An offset position is reported as the Group has a legal 
right to set off and any settlement would be on a net 
basis. For the purposes of the cash flow statement, cash 
and cash equivalents include bank overdrafts which are 
repayable on demand and are an integral part of Group 
cash management.  
Investments
Investments  in  subsidiaries  are  recorded  at  cost  in 
the  statement  of  financial  position.    They  are  tested 
for  impairment  when  there  is  objective  evidence  of 
impairment.  Any impairment losses are recognised in 

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A C C O U N T I N G   P O L I C I E S   ( C O N T I N U E D )

liabilities  and  equity 

the statement of comprehensive income in the period 
they occur.
Intercompany receivables
Impairment  provisions  for  receivables  from  related 
parties  and  loans  to  related  parties  are  recognised 
based  on  a  forward  looking  expected  credit  loss 
model.    The  methodology  used  to  determine  the 
amount of the provision is based on whether there has 
been  a  significant  increase  in  credit  risk  since  initial 
recognition  of  the  financial  asset.    For  those  where 
the  credit  risk  has  not  increased  significantly  since 
initial recognition of the financial asset, twelve month 
expected credit losses along with gross interest income 
are  recognised.    For  those  for  which  credit  risk  has 
increased  significantly,  lifetime  expected  credit  losses 
along  with  the  gross  interest  income  are  recognised.  
For  those  that  are  determined  to  be  credit  impaired, 
lifetime  expected  credit  losses  along  with  interest 
income on a net basis are recognised.
Financial liabilities and equity
Financial 
instruments  are 
classified according to the substance of the contractual 
arrangements  entered  into.    An  equity  instrument  is 
any  contract  that  evidences  a  residual  interest  in  the 
assets of the Group after deducting all of its liabilities.
Bank borrowings and loan notes
loan  notes  and  bank  overdrafts 
Interest-bearing 
are  recorded  initially  at  their  fair  value,  net  of  direct 
transaction  costs.  Such  instruments  are  subsequently 
carried at their amortised cost and finance charges are 
recognised in the statement of comprehensive income 
over the term of the instrument using an effective rate 
of interest.  
Finance charges are accounted for on an accruals basis 
to the statement of comprehensive income.  Overdrafts 
are offset against cash and cash equivalents when the 
Group has a legal right of off-set.
Trade and other payables
Trade and other payables are not interest bearing and 
are initially recognised at fair value and subsequently 
at amortised cost.
Ordinary share capital
For ordinary share capital, the par value is recognised 
in share capital and the premium in the share premium 
reserve.

R E T I R E M E N T   B E N E F I T S 

Defined contribution schemes
A  defined  contribution  scheme  is  a  pension  plan 
under  which  the  Group  pays  a  fixed  contribution 
to  a  scheme  with  an  external  provider.    The  amount 
charged  to  the  statement  of  comprehensive  income 
in respect of pension costs and other post-retirement 
benefits is the total of contributions payable in the year.  
Differences between contributions payable in the year 
and  contributions  actually  paid  are  shown  as  either 
other payables or other receivables in the statement of 
financial position.  The Group has no further payment 
obligations once the contributions have been paid.
Defined benefit scheme
A  defined  benefit  scheme  is  a  pension  plan  under 
which the Group pays contributions in order to fund 
a  defined  amount  of  pension  that  the  employees 
under  the  scheme  will  receive  on  retirement.    The 
cost of providing the benefits is determined using the 
projected unit credit method with actuarial valuations 
being carried out regularly. 
An asset or liability is recognised equal to the present 
value  of  the  defined  benefit  obligation,  adjusted  for 
unrecognised past service costs and reduced by the fair 
value of plan assets.
Actuarial  gains  and  losses  are  recognised  in  the 
statement  of  other  comprehensive  income  in  the 
year  in  which  they  occur,  whilst  expected  returns  on 
plan  assets,  servicing  costs  and  financing  costs  are 
recognised in the statement of comprehensive income.
The  rate  used  to  discount  the  benefit  obligations  is 
based  on  market  yields  for  high  quality  corporate 
bonds with terms and currencies consistent with those 
of the benefit obligations.

S I G N I F I C A N T   J U D G E M E N T S 
A N D   E S T I M A T E S 

In  the  process  of  applying  the  Group’s  accounting 
policies, which are described above, management have 
made  judgements  and  estimations  about  the  future 
that  have  the  most  significant  effect  on  the  amounts 
recognised  in  the  financial  statements.  The  estimates 
and  underlying  assumptions  are  reviewed  on  an  on-
going  basis.  Revisions  to  accounting  estimates  are 
recognised  in  the  period  in  which  the  estimate  is 
revised if the revision affects only that period or in the 

5 6

technology 

is  applied 

services 
services. 

period  of  revision  and  future  periods  if  the  revision 
affects both current and future periods.
Significant judgements
The  following  judgments  have  the  most  significant 
effect on the financial statements.
Revenue Recognition
The  Group  generates  revenue  from  the  provision  of 
software licences, annual support, SaaS subscriptions, 
enabled 
and 
professional 
outsourced 
in 
Judgement 
determining how many performance obligations there 
are within each contract and the period in which these 
obligations will be fulfilled and recognised as revenue, 
based on the Group’s accounting policies.
Estimation uncertainty
Information  about  estimations  and  assumptions  that 
may have the most significant affect on recognition and 
measurement of assets, liabilities, income and expenses 
is provided below. Actual results may be substantially 
different.
Provision for liabilities
Provisions are recognised when the Group has a present 
obligation  (legal  or  constructive)  as  a  result  of  a  past 
event, it is probable that the Group will be required to 
settle the probable outflow of resources, and a reliable 
estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.  
As at 31 December 2019, the Group has a provision of 
£0.25m (2018: £0.25m) in respect of historical contract 
disputes as the directors have considered that the above 
provision  conditions  have  been  met.  The  provision 
represents the best estimate of the risks and considers 
all information and legal input received by the Group. 
Impairment of goodwill
The  carrying  value  of  goodwill  must  be  assessed  for 
impairment  annually.  This  requires  a  value  in  use 
estimate  which  is  dependant  on  estimation  of  future 
cashflows and the use of an appropriate discount rate 
to  discount  those  cash  flows  to  their  present  value. 
The  carrying  value  of  goodwill  as  at  31  December 
2019  is  £9,864,000  (2018:  £10,590,000). There  was  an 
impairment charge of £2,482,000 during the year. Refer 
to note 12 for further detail.
Impairment of other intangible assets
Other  intangibles  assets  consist  of  assets  acquired 
(customer relationships, intellectual property and brand 
names) as part of the net assets of certain subsidiaries 
and  software,  being  mainly  capitalised  development 
costs.  Impairment  testing  requires  a  value  in  use 
estimate which is dependant on an estimation of future 
cashflows and the use of an appropriate discount rate 

to discount those cash flows to their present value. The 
carrying amounts of acquired intangibles and software 
at  the  reporting  date  was  £4,241,000  and  £3,692,000 
respectively (2018: £2,934,000 and £3,887,000). There 
was an impairment charge of £693,000 during the year. 
Refer to note 12 for further detail.
Leases - Incremental borrowing rate
Management have concluded that that the interest rate 
implicit in the leases cannot not be readily determined 
therefore the leases held have been discounted by the 
incremental  borrowing  rate  (IBR),  being  the  rate  of 
interest  that  the  Group  would  have  to  pay  to  borrow 
over  a  similar  term,  and  with  a  similar  security,  the 
funds necessary to obtain assets of a similar value to the 
right of use assets in a similar economic environment. 
To  determine  the  IBR,  management  approached  a 
number  of  banks  and  has  used  the  lending  rate  and 
margin offered of 4.00%, being a lending rate of 0.75% 
(base rate at 31 December 2019) and margin of 3.25%.  
For longer leases of over 5 years management considers 
a discount rate of 5% to be a more accurate reflection.
Pension scheme
As  stated  above  the  Group  operates  a  defined  benefit 
pension  scheme.  At  the  end  of  each  six  monthly 
reporting  period  the  Group  seeks  external  expert 
actuarial  advice  on  the  assumptions  to  apply  to  the 
calculation  of  the  scheme’s  liabilities.  The  Group 
then engages a separate, independent firm of pension 
advisors to calculate the scheme surplus or deficit at the 
reporting  date  for  accounting  purposes.  The  scheme 
deficit  at  31  December  2019  is  £1,804,000  (2018: 
£2,249,000).
Contingent consideration
Where acquisition consideration includes consideration 
contingent  on  performance  outcomes  being  met,  the 
consideration  is  valued  at  the  acquisition  date  based 
on performance forecasts available at the time. Those 
forecasts  are  reviewed  at  the  reporting  date  and  the 
consideration revised where materially different.

5 7

N O T E S   T O   T H E   F I N A N C I A L   S T A T E M E N T S

1.  R E V E N U E   F R O M   C O N T R A C T S   W I T H   C U S T O M E R S

a.  Segmental Reporting

The Group has disaggregated revenue into various categories in the following tables which are intended to depict how 
the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.

In prior years, the Group reported its business as one operating segment; Global Life Sciences. The Board managed 
the Group by monitoring its revenue streams and considered the cost base as a whole. Historically the Group’s finance 
systems  have  recorded  costs  centrally  and  have  managed  costs  in  this  way.  Without  systems  capable  of  allocating 
costs accurately, the Board concluded that there was only one operating segment in which revenues and costs were 
reported. Over recent years the Group has expanded both organically and through acquisition, increasing the number 
of products and services. During 2019 the business was divided into three operating segments to better manage and 
report revenues; Study Management, Regulatory Solutions and Informatics. 

There  has  been  an  ongoing  project  to  enhance  the  quality  of  management  information  (MI)  following  the 
implementation of a new finance system. During the final quarter of 2019 certain direct costs were allocated to the 
revenue streams whilst the majority of costs were still recorded and reported centrally. The treatment in 2019 is a new 
disclosure based on information that was provided to the Instem Board, the Company’s Chief Operating Decision 
Maker, at the end of the year.

Whilst the expectation in future years is to allocate more centrally held operational costs to the individual segments, 
it will take time for the allocations to be sufficiently accurate for the Board to use segmental cost information for 
meaningful decision making. 

The  operations  of  the  Group  are  managed  centrally  with  group-wide  functions  including  sales  and  marketing, 
development, customer support, human resources and finance & administration.

The analysis provided below reflects costs directly attributable to the respective segments in 2019, which are primarily 
third party costs of sale and costs of allocated employees. The remaining indirect operational costs are accounted for 
centrally and are not allocated to specific segments.

There are no comparative cost numbers shown for 2018 as data was not recorded in this way and so numbers were 
not available. Set out below is a split of revenue in 2018 between the three business segments identified in 2019. This 
information is provided to aid comparability not as a restatement of prior year disclosures. 

5 8

1.  R E V E N U E   F R O M   C O N T R A C T S   W I T H   C U S T O M E R S   ( C O N T I N U E D )

SEGMENTAL REPORTING
2019

Study 
Management
£000

Regulatory 
Solutions
£000

Informatics
£000

15,188

(4,370)

10,818

9,037

(2,111)

6,926

1,492

(660)

832

Total revenue

Direct attributable costs

Contribution to indirect overheads

Central unallocated indirect costs

Adjusted EBITDA

Depreciation

Amortisation of intangibles arising on acquisition

Amortisation of internally generated intangibles

Amortisation of right of use assets

Impairment of goodwill and capitalised development

LOSS BEFORE NON-RECURRING COSTS

Non-recurring costs

LOSS AFTER NON-RECURRING COSTS

Finance income

Finance costs

LOSS BEFORE TAXATION

SEGMENTAL REPORTING
2018

Study 
Management
£000

Regulatory 
Solutions
£000

Informatics
£000

Total revenue

14,451

7,513

741

Central unallocated indirect costs

Adjusted EBITDA

Depreciation

Amortisation of intangibles arising on acquisition

Amortisation of internally generated intangibles

PROFIT BEFORE NON-RECURRING COSTS

Non-recurring costs

PROFIT AFTER NON-RECURRING COSTS

Finance income

Finance costs

PROFIT BEFORE TAXATION

Total
£000

25,717

(7,141)

18,576

(13,712)

4,864

(155)

(523)

(755)

(607)

(3,175)

(351)

(302)

(653)

7

(255)

(901)

Total
£000

22,705

(18,653)

4,052

(144)

(788)

(738)

2,382

(539)

1,843

33

(199)

1,677

5 9

1.  R E V E N U E   F R O M   C O N T R A C T S   W I T H   C U S T O M E R S   ( C O N T I N U E D )

REVENUE BY PRODUCT TYPE

Licence fees

Annual support fees

SaaS subscription and support fees

Professional services

Technology enabled outsourced services

REVENUE BY GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION

UK

Rest of Europe

USA and Canada

Rest of World

NON-CURRENT ASSETS EXCLUDING DEFERRED TAXATION BY 
GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION

UK

Rest of Europe

USA and Canada

Rest of World

2019
£000

3,501

8,418

6,444

1,773

5,581

25,717

2019
£000

3,414

5,051

12,701

4,551

25,717

2019
£000

17,779

1,107

432

881

20,199

2018
£000

3,491

8,160

5,509

2,204

3,341

22,705

2018
£000

3,504

4,534

11,507

3,160

22,705

2018
£000

16,896

624

133

58

17,711

There were no customers which represented more than 10% of the Group revenue in 2019 (2018: none).

6 0

1.  R E V E N U E   F R O M   C O N T R A C T S   W I T H   C U S T O M E R S   ( C O N T I N U E D )

b.  Contract Balances

Amounts 
recoverable on 
contracts

£000

At 1 January

2,807

Transfer in the period from amounts recoverable on 
contracts to trade receivables

(2,807)

Amounts included in deferred income that was 
recognised as revenue during the period

Deferred income on acquisition of Leadscope Inc.

Cash received in advance of performance and not 
recognised as revenue during the period

Excess of revenue recognised over cash being 
recognised during the period

At 31 December

-

-

1,365

1,365

2019

2018

Deferred 
income

(8,625)

-

8,625

(818)

(8,124)

-

(8,942)

Amounts 
recoverable on 
contracts

2,389

(2,389)

-

-

2,807

2,807

Deferred 
income

(10,967)

-

10,967

-

(8,625)

-

(8,625)

Amounts recoverable on contracts and deferred income are included within “trade and other receivables” and 
“deferred income” respectively on the face of the statement of financial position.

Amounts recoverable on contracts predominately relate to fulfilled obligations on service contracts where billing is 
in arrears. At the point where completed work is invoiced, the contract asset is derecognised and a corresponding 
receivable recognised.

Deferred income relates to consideration received from customers in advance of work being completed plus 
maintenance and support which is invoiced in advance.

c.  Remaining performance obligations

The vast majority of the Group’s contracts are for the delivery of software and services within the next 12 months for 
which the practical expedient in paragraph 121(a) of IFRS 15 applies. However, certain bundled contracts have been 
entered into for which both the original contract was greater than 12 months and the Group’s right to consideration 
does not correspond directly with the performance.

The amount of revenue that will be recognised in future periods on these contracts is as follows:

2020
£000

283

Revenue

2021
£000

48

2022
£000

9

d.  Contract Costs

It is expected that commissions paid are recoverable. These have therefore been capitalised as an asset and are 
amortised over the term of the contract. 

The carrying value of costs to obtain contracts with customers which have been capitalised is an amount of £nil 
(2018: £0.01m). Amortisation of £0.1m (2018: £0.02m) was recognised during the year. 

The entity has applied the practical expedient available in paragraph 94 of IFRS 15 to recognise the incremental 
costs of obtaining a contract as an expense when incurred where the amortisation period of the asset that the entity 
otherwise would have recognised is one year or less.

6 1

2.  P R O F I T   B E F O R E   N O N - R E C U R R I N G   C O S T S

Profit from operations includes the following significant items:

Depreciation and amounts written off property, plant and equipment - owned assets

Amortisation of intangible assets

Amortisation of right to use assets

Research and development costs

Impairment of goodwill

Impairment of capitalised development

Operating lease rentals: 

Plant and machinery

Land and buildings

Short life lease expenses

2019
£000

155

1,278

607

1,711

2,482

693

-

-

21

Amounts payable to Grant Thornton UK LLP and their associates in
respect of both audit and non-audit services:

Audit

108

Non-audit services:

Taxation services - Compliance

Taxation services - Advisory

Corporate finance services

Amounts payable to RSM UK Audit LLP and their associates
in respect of both audit and non-audit services

Audit

Non-audit services:

Assurance services 

Taxation services - Compliance

Taxation services - Advisory

27

69

30

-

-

-

-

234

2018
£000

114

1,526

-

1,623

-

-

37

527

-

-

-

-

-

93

22

22

26

163

6 2

    
    
2.  P R O F I T   B E F O R E   N O N - R E C U R R I N G   C O S T S   ( C O N T I N U E D )

The following tables analyse employee benefits operating expense and other expenses:

2019
£000

Employee benefits expense

Staff costs (see note 6)

13,534

Share based payments

75

Other expenses

Operating lease rentals

Software maintenance charges

Licence costs 

Third party costs 

Other expenses

3.  N O N - R E C U R R I N G   C O S T S

Guaranteed Minimum Pension (GMP) equalisation provision

Professional fees

Legal costs relating to historical contract disputes 

Acquisition costs

13,609

28

731

1,457

2,812

2,216

7,244

2019
£000

-

-

106

196

302

2018
£000

12,220

216

12,436

564

561

1,109

2,299

1,684

6,217

2018
£000

364

126

49

-

539

Acquisition costs incurred in the period relate to the purchase of Leadscope Inc. on 15 November 2019. The costs 
incurred were directly linked to the acquisition and consisted of legal, accounting and commercial advice.

4 .   F I N A N C E   I N C O M E

Foreign exchange gains

Other interest

2019
£000

-

7

7

2018
£000

25

8

33

6 3

5 .   F I N A N C E   C O S T S

Bank loans and overdrafts

Unwinding discount on deferred consideration

Net interest charge on pension scheme

Lease interest cost

Right of use asset interest cost

Foreign exchange losses

2019
£000

34

-

60

2

118

41

255

2018
£000

11

12

172

4

-

-

199

6 .   E M P L O Y E E S

Group

2019
Number

2018
Number

Average monthly number (including non-executive directors)

By role:

Directors, administration and supervision

Software design, sales and customer service

Employment costs:

Wages and salaries

Social security costs

Other pension costs

39

229

268

11,444

1,148

942

13,534

Average monthly number (including non-executive directors)

Company

2019
Number

By role:

Non-executive directors

Employment costs:

Wages and salaries

Social security costs

3

120

13

133

39

199

238

10,416

1,031

773

12,220

2018
Number

3

120

10

130

6 4

7 .   L E A S E S

Lease liabilities are presented in the statement of financial position as follows:

 Current

 Non current

2019
£000

565

2,004

2,569

2018
£000

-

-

-

Nature of leasing activities in the capacity of lessee
The Group leases a number of offices in the jurisdictions from which it operates. In these jurisdictions the periodic 
rent is fixed over the lease term, with inflationary increases incorporated into the fixed payments stipulated in the 
lease agreements. Where rental agreements include market rate escalations, the lease liability is re-measured when 
the change in cash payments takes effect. The Group also leases certain vehicles.  Leases of vehicles comprise only 
fixed payments over the lease terms. With the exception of short term leases, leases of low value underlying assets, 
leases held by the newly acquired Leadscope Inc and a lease held for a telephone system, with less than twelve 
months remaining on the lease as at 31 December 2019, each lease is reflected on the balance sheet as a right of use 
asset and a lease liability.

Each lease generally imposes a restriction that, unless there is a contractual right for the Group to sublet the asset 
to another party, the right of use asset can only be used by the Group. Leases are either non cancellable or may only 
be cancelled by incurring a termination fee. Some leases contain an option to extend the lease for a further term. 
For office leases the Group must keep those properties in a good state of repair and return the properties in their 
original condition at the end of the lease.

The table below describes the nature of the Groups leasing activities by type of right of use asset recognised on the 
balance sheet:

Right of use assets

No of right 
of use assets 
leased

Range of 
remaining 
term

No of leases 
with extension 
options

No of leases 
with options 
to purchase

No of leases 
with payments 
linked to an 
index

No of leases
 with 
termination 
options

Office buildings

Vehicles

9

2

3.5 years

0.4 years

9

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

6 5

7 .   L E A S E S   ( C O N T I N U E D )

The aggregate lease liability recognised in the statement of financial position at 1 January 2019 and the Group’s 
operating lease commitment at 31 December 2018 can be reconciled as follows:

Operating lease commitment as at 31 December 2018

Effect of foreign exchange on brought forward balance 

Effect of discounting those lease commitments

Recognition of variable lease payments

Effect of electing to account for short-term and low value leases off statement of financial position

Effect of lease extended during 2019 

2019
£000

3,363

(104)

(358)

83

(6)

24

At 1 January 2019

3,002

Right of use assets

As at 1 January 2019

Derecognition of sublease 

Amortisation

Exchange adjustment

As at 31 December 2019

Lease liabilities

As at 1 January 2019

Interest expense 

Lease payments 

Exchange adjustment

As at 31 December 2019

Land & buildings
£000

Motor vehicles
£000

2,978

(249)

(590)

19

2,158

3,020

117

(676)

102

2,563

24

-

(17)

-

7

22

1

(17)

-

6

Total
£000

3,002

(249)

(607)

19

2,165

3,042

118

(693)

102

2,569

Lease liability maturity analysis:

As at 31 December 2019

1 year or less
£000

2 to 5 years
£000

After five years
£000

Lease liabilities

565

1,950

54

Total
£000

2,569

6 6

7 .   L E A S E S   ( C O N T I N U E D )

The following amounts in respect of leases, where the company is a lessee, have been recognised in consolidated 
statement of comprehensive income:

Expenses relating to short-term leases 

Low value lease expense

Interest expense

Amortisation of right of use assets

2019
£000

21

7

118

607

The total cash outflow for leases in 2019 was £0.7m.

Finance lease receivable

Nature of leasing activities in the capacity of lessor
The Group also acts as a lessor in relation to a sublease of part of one of the properties rented. As the lease term is 
for the major part of the economic life of the underlying right of use asset this has been treated as a finance lease. 
The right of use asset has therefore been derecognised and a net investment in the lease recognised instead. Interest 
income is recognised on the lease receivable. 

Movement in net investment in leases in relation to sub leases during the year ended 31 December 2019 is as 
follows:

As at 1 January 2019

Addition

Interest earned

Less: Rental Income received

At 31 December 2019

Minimum undiscounted lease payments receivable are as follows:

Within 1 year

Between 1 and 2 years

Between 2 and 3 years

Between 3 and 4 years

Later than 5 years

2019
£000

221

1

(8)

214

2019
£000

47

48

50

51

40

236

6 7

7 .   L E A S E S   ( C O N T I N U E D )

Reconciliation of minimum undiscounted lease payments to net investment in the lease:

Total minimum undiscounted lease payments receivable as at 31 December 2019

Unearned finance income

Net investment in the lease as at 31 December 2019

Finance lease receivable maturity analysis:

As at 31 December 2019

1 year or less
£000

2 to 5 years
£000

After five years
£000

Finance lease receivable

39

175

-

2019
£000

236

(22)

214

Total
£000

214

6 8

 
8 .   S H A R E   B A S E D   P A Y M E N T

Equity-Settled Share Option Plan

Under  the  approved  and  unapproved  share  option  schemes,  the  Remuneration  Committee  can  grant  options  to 
employees of the Group. Options are granted with a fixed exercise price at the date of grant. The contractual life is 
generally  ten  years  from  the  date  of  grant.  Options  generally  vest  and  become  exercisable  after  three  years  where 
certain performance criteria have been met. Share options issued to directors and senior employees carry profitability 
(EBITDA) or market based performance conditions.  

2019

2018

Number

Weighted average 
exercise price (£)

Outstanding at the beginning of the year

1,465,548

Granted

7,740

Lapsed

(16,804)

Exercised 

(473,181)

Outstanding at end of the year 

983,303

Exercisable at end of year

678,659

0.85

0.10

0.10

1.37

0.60

0.83

Number

1,098,230

408,446

(9,857)

(31,271)

1,465,548

1,014,341

Weighted average 
exercise price (£)

1.14

0.10

0.10

1.60

0.85

1.18

The options outstanding at 31 December 2019 and 31 December 2018 had exercise prices of £0.10, £0.90, £1.75, £1.76 
and £2.22 and a weighted average remaining contractual life of 5 years 3 months (2018: 5 years 3 months).

A charge of £0.075m (2018: £0.2m) arose in respect of share based payments.

New options for 7,740 shares were granted in the year which are valued using the Monte-Carlo option-pricing model.  

Options over 7,740 shares (2018: 8,446) incorporate a condition based on the performance of either the Group or the 
individual performance of a subsidiary.

The fair value of options granted in the year was £0.02m (2018: £0.2m).

During the year, the average share price in respect of share options exercised was £3.17 (2018: £2.09)

6 9

9 .   D I R E C T O R S '   E M O L U M E N T S

Amounts payable by Instem plc:

Emoluments

Amounts payable by subsidiary companies:

Emoluments

Defined contribution pension contributions

Total emoluments

2019
£000

120

359

43

522

2018
£000

120

335

41

496

2019
Number

2018
Number

Number of directors to whom retirement benefits
are accruing under:

Defined contribution schemes         

2

2

The remuneration of the highest paid director during the year ended 31 December 2019 was £261,000 (2018: 
£243,000). Directors’ remuneration analysed by director is shown on page 29.

1 0 .   T A X A T I O N

Income taxes recognised in profit or loss:

Current tax:

UK corporation tax on profit of the year

UK corporation tax in respect of previous years 

Adjustments in respect of R&D tax credit

Foreign tax

Foreign tax in respect of previous years

Total current tax credit/(charge)

Deferred tax:

Current year charge

Adjustment in respect of previous years

Retirement benefit obligation

Total deferred tax charge

Total income tax charge recognised in the current year

2019
£000

-

28

464

(404)

67

155

(96)

(11)

(70)

(177)

(22)

2018
£000

-

(85)

477

(403)

(12)

(23)

(67)

(83)

(34)

(184)

(207)

7 0

1 0 .   T A X A T I O N   ( C O N T I N U E D )

The income tax (expense)/credit can be reconciled to the accounting profit as follows:

(Loss)/Profit before tax

Profit before tax multiplied by standard rate of corporation tax in the UK 19.0% (2018: 19.0%)

Effects of:

Expenses not allowable for tax purposes

Enhanced R&D tax relief

Losses surrendered for R&D tax credit

R&D tax credit accrual

Impairment of goodwill and capitalised development

Double tax relief

Tax losses utilised

2019
£000

(901)

171

34

454

(599)

572

(604)

110

18

Difference in overseas tax rates

(128)

Adjustments in respect of prior years

Other differences

Total income tax charge recognised in consolidated statement of comprehensive income

(68)

18

(22)

2018
£000

1,677

(319)

172

438

(660)

477

-

-

31

(187)

(180)

21

(207)

7 1

1 1 .   A C Q U I S I T I O N   O F   L E A D S C O P E   I N C

Company

Principal activity

Date of acquisition

Proportion of voting 
equity interests 
acquired
%

Consideration
£000

Leadscope Inc

Provider of Regulatory Information Management 
software and services to Life Science sector

15 November 2019

100

3,516

Leadscope Inc was acquired to continue the expansion and development of the Group’s capabilities in the Global 
Life Sciences sector.

Consideration

Initial cash consideration 

Initial share consideration

Deferred consideration (14 November 2020) – To be settled in cash

Deferred consideration (14 November 2021) – To be settled in cash

Contingent consideration (1 March 2022) – To be settled in cash

Working capital adjustment – (Q1 2020) – To be settled in cash

$000

2,250

1,100

375

375

500

95

Total consideration

4,695

Discounting of estimated future cashflows

Fair value of consideration 

£000

1,746

856

291

291

388

73

3,645

(129)

3,516

The initial share consideration was satisfied by the issue of 231,966 new Instem plc ordinary shares at a value of 
£856,000. The premium arising on the share issue of £834,000 has been credited to the merger relief reserve.

The deferred consideration is not based on any performance related conditions and is payable in two equal 
instalments in November 2020 and 2021. The contingent consideration is based on certain performance related 
conditions in respect of the financial year ending 31 December 2021. The contingent consideration in the table 
above is based on the forecast estimate that the performance related conditions will be fully met and the full 
consideration will be payable.  The contingent consideration was re-measured at the reporting date. 

Acquisition related costs amounting to £0.2m have been excluded from the consideration transferred and have 
been recognised as an expense in the current year, within non-recurring items in the Consolidated Statement of 
Comprehensive Income.

7 2

1 1 .   A C Q U I S I T I O N   O F   L E A D S C O P E   I N C   ( C O N T I N U E D )

Fair value of assets acquired and liabilities recognised at the date of acquisition

Fair Value
£000

Non-Current Assets

Intellectual property

1,185

Customer relationships

Brand names

Property, plant and equipment

Current Assets

Trade and other receivables

Cash and cash equivalents

Current Liabilities

Trade and other payables

Deferred income

Non-Current Liabilities

Deferred tax on acquisition

Fair value of identifiable net assets acquired

Goodwill arising on acquisition

Consideration transferred

Less: fair value of identifiable net assets

Goodwill arising on acquisition

264

380

5

-

408

451

(116)

(818)

(311)

1,448

£000

3,516

(1,448)

2,068

7 3

1 1 .   A C Q U I S I T I O N   O F   L E A D S C O P E   I N C   ( C O N T I N U E D )

Goodwill

Goodwill of £2,068,000 is primarily related to expected profitability, the significant skill and expertise of Leadscope’s 
staff, and cross-selling opportunities achieved by combining the acquired customer bases.

Identifiable net assets

A provisional fair value exercise to determine the fair value of assets and liabilities acquired has been carried out. 
Fair values are provisional as they are within the twelve month hindsight period to adjust fair values. No fair value 
adjustments have been made to the assets and liabilities acquired. 

The fair value of intangible assets are:

• 

Intellectual property of £1,185,000, calculated using the income method (relief from royalty approach). Software 
and databases form Leadscope’s chemoinformatics platform. A suite of tools is available, including informatics 
software, databases and prediction models, which generate Leadscope’s revenue and are vital assets to the 
company.

•  Customer relationships of £264,000, calculated using the income method (excess earnings). The company has 
a stable and established customer base, which provides a recurring revenue stream, and includes regulatory 
agencies in the US and other regions.

•  Brand names of £380,000, calculated using the income method (relief from royalty approach). The company has 
a strong brand, reflecting its reputation for providing a high quality product and provides scientific leadership in 
computational toxicology.

Impact of acquisition on the results of the Group

Profit for the year includes a profit of £0.1m attributable to the additional business generated by Leadscope Inc from 
the date of acquisition. Revenue for the year includes £0.3m in respect of Leadscope Inc.

If this business combination had been effected at 1 January 2019, the revenue of Leadscope from continuing 
operations would have been £1.6m, and the profit for the year from continuing operations would have been £0.5m. 
The directors consider these values to represent an approximate measure of the performance of Leadscope on an 
annualised basis and to provide a reference point for comparison in future years.

7 4

12. I N T A N G I B L E   A S S E T S

Goodwill
£000

Software 
£000

Intellectual 
property 
£000

Customer 
relationships
£000

Brand 
Names
£000

Patents
£000

Total
£000

Group

Cost

At 1 January 2018

10,590

Additions

Disposals

Exchange adjustment

-

-

-

At 31 December 2018

10,590

Additions 

Disposals

-

-

Acquisition

2,068

Exchange adjustment

-

5,432

1,490

(96)

14

6,840

1,344

(60)

18

(35)

4,527

2,874

-

-

-

-

-

-

4,527

2,874

-

-

1,185

-

-

-

264

-

At 31 December 2019

12,658

8,107

5,712

3,138

Amounts written off 

At 1 January 2018

Disposals

Amortisation expense

Exchange adjustment

At 31 December 2018

Amortisation expense

-

-

-

-

-

-

Impairment charge

2,482

Acquisition

Exchange adjustment

-

-

2,304

2,548

1,131

(96)

738

7

2,953

755

693

18

(4)

-

492

-

3,040

332

-

-

-

-

296

-

1,427

191

-

-

-

At 31 December 2019

2,482

4,415

3,372

1,618

Net book value

At 31 December 2018

10,590

3,887

At 31 December 2019

10,176

3,692

1,487

2,340

1,447

1,520

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

380

-

380

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

380

21

-

-

-

21

-

-

-

-

21

21

-

-

-

21

-

-

-

-

23,444

1,490

(96)

14

24,852

1,344

(60)

3,915

(35)

30,016

6,004

(96)

1,526

7

7,441

1,278

3,175

18

(4)

21

11,908

-

-

17,411

18,108

The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortisation within Software includes internally generated and externally 
acquired  elements.    The  cost  of  internally  generated  software  amounts  to  £7.4m  (2018:  6.1m)  with  accumulated 
amortisation of £3.0m (2018: £2.3m).  Software additions for the year include £1.3m relating to internal development 
(2018: £1.5m).

7 5

12. I N T A N G I B L E   A S S E T S   ( C O N T I N U E D )

Gross carrying amount of goodwill

Goodwill  amounting  to  £5.9m  (2018:  £5.9m)  relates  to  a  cash  generating  unit  (CGU),  being  the  Instem  business 
acquired  on  the  management  buyout  of  Instem  LSS  Limited  on  27  March  2002.    Goodwill  amounting  to  £0.5m 
(2018: £0.5m), relates to a CGU, being the Instem Scientific Limited business acquired on 3 March 2011.  Goodwill 
amounting to £2.5m (2018: £2.5m), relates to a CGU, being the Instem Clinical Holdings Limited business acquired 
on 10 May 2013.  Goodwill amounting to £0.7m (2018: £0.7m) relates to a CGU, being the Perceptive Instruments 
Limited business acquired on 21 November 2013.  Goodwill amounting to £0.6m (2018: £0.6m) relates to a CGU, 
being the Samarind Limited business acquired on 27 May 2016.  Goodwill amounting to £0.5m (2018: £0.5m) relates 
to a CGU, being the Notocord SA business acquired on 2 September 2016. Goodwill amounting to £2.1m (2018: £nil) 
relates to a CGU, being the Leadscope Inc business acquired on 15 November 2019.

Impairment testing

The Group tests annually for impairment, or more frequently if there are indications that goodwill might be impaired.

Key assumptions

The recoverable amounts of the CGUs are determined from value-in-use calculations. The key assumptions for the 
value in use calculations are those regarding discount rates, growth rates, margins and cashflows.

Discount rates

Management estimates discount rates using pre-tax rates that reflect current market assessments of the time value of 
money and any risks specific to the CGUs. The rates used to discount the future cashflows are based on the Group’s 
pre-tax weighted average cost of capital (WACC) of 10.0% (2018: 10.5%). Management’s view is that there are no 
specific risks to be applied to particular CGUs. 

Growth rates and terminal values

The revenue growth rates and margins are based on current Board-approved budgets and forecasts covering a period 
of five years. The Group produces a budget for 2020 and then projects to 2024 based on growth rates of 2.5% (2018: 
2.5%),  which  management  estimates  as  reasonable  considering  business  growth  rates,  payroll  and  other  cost  base 
increases. A terminal value is calculated using the Gordon Growth Model, to take account of the software development 
cycle and the high percentage of recurring revenues from the customer base.

Sensitivity analysis

Management has carried out sensitivity analyses on the key assumptions used in recoverable amount calculations. 
Management does not believe that there are any reasonably possible changes in the assumptions used in the value 
in use calculations which would result in the carrying amount of any cash generating unit exceeding its recoverable 
amount.

The  carrying  amount  includes  goodwill,  other  intangible  assets  and  tangible  assets.  The  headroom  of  recoverable 
amount over carrying amount and sensitivities are detailed below:

The recoverable amount of the Instem LSS CGU exceeds the carrying amount of this CGU by 757%, for the Instem 
Scientific  CGU  by  660%,  Perceptive  Instruments  CGU  by  288%,  Samarind  CGU  by  305%,  Notocord  CGU  by 
114% and Leadscope CGU by 141%. The directors consider the discount rate and revenues to be the most sensitive 
assumptions used in the impairment reviews.  An additional increase in the discount rate of 64%, or a reduction in 
certain revenues of in excess of 22%, would result in the recoverable amount of the Instem LSS CGU being equal to 
its carrying amount. An additional increase of 53% in the Instem Scientific discount rate, or a reduction in revenues 
of 21% would result in the recoverable amount of the CGU being equal to its carrying amount. An additional increase 
of 16% in the Perceptive Instruments discount rate, or a reduction in revenues of 14% would result in the recoverable  
amount of the CGU being equal to its carrying amount. An additional increase of 17% in the Samarind discount rate, 
or a reduction in revenues by 14% would result in the recoverable amount of the CGU being equal to its carrying 
value. An additional increase of 2% in the Notocord discount rate, or a reduction in revenues by 2% would result 
in the recoverable amount of the CGU being equal to its carrying value. Finally, an additional increase of 4% in the 
Leadscope discount rate, or a reduction in revenues by 8% would result in the recoverable amount of the CGU being 

7 6

12. I N T A N G I B L E   A S S E T S   ( C O N T I N U E D )

equal to its carrying value. The recoverable amount of the Instem Clinical CGU did not exceed the carrying amount 
of this CGU and an impairment charge has been recognised.

Review of carrying value of goodwill

The recoverable amount for each of the CGU has been measured using a value-in-use calculation and no impairment 
was required with the exception of the Alphadas early phase clinical data collection business. This market sector has 
been going through considerable structural change and little new data collection software business has been placed 
in this sector over the last 18 months. We envisage further slippage in the pipeline of new opportunities, with no 
certainty regarding the timing of new business awards. A goodwill impairment of £2.5m has been recognised.

The value in use calculations are reliant on the accuracy of management’s forecast and the assumptions that underly 
them as well as the discount rate and growth rates applied.

Net realisable value calculations, based on sales and profitability, have been used by the Group to conclude a goodwill 
impairment of £2.5m should be recognised in 2019. 

Other intangible assets

An  impairment  loss  of  £0.7m  has  been  recognised  for  internally  developed  software  in  the  Alphadas  early  phase 
clinical data collection business. The recoverable amount of the asset has been determined using net realisable value 
calculations, based on sales and profitability. 

7 7

13. I N V E S T M E N T S   I N   S U B S I D I A R I E S

Cost

At 1 January 2019

Additions

At 31 December 2019

Provisions

At 1 January 2019

Additions

At 31 December 2019

Carrying value

At 31 December 2018

At 31 December 2019

£000

28,927

75

29,002

£000

-

2,810

2,810

£000

28,927

26,192

The Company tests annually for impairment against investments held.

The  Company  prepares  margin  and  cashflow  forecasts  based  on  current  Board-approved  budgets  and  forecasts 
covering a period of five years, applying growth rates of 2.5% (2018: 2.5%), which management estimates as reasonable 
considering  business  growth  rates,  payroll  and  other  cost  base  increases.  A  terminal  value  is  calculated  using  the 
Gordon  Growth  Model,  to  take  account  of  the  software  development  cycle  and  the  high  percentage  of  recurring 
revenues  from  the  customer  base.  The  rate  used  to  discount  the  future  cashflows  is  based  on  the  Group’s  pre-tax 
weighted average cost of capital (WACC) of 10.0% (2018: 10.5%). Management’s view is that there are no specific risks 
to be applied to a particular entity being reviewed. 

An impairment provision of £2.8m has been made during the year against the carrying value of the investment in the 
Alphadas early phase clinical data collection business.

At the end of the year the Company has six wholly-owned subsidiaries and twelve wholly-owned sub-subsidiaries, 
details of which are as follows:

Company

Registered Address

Activity

Ownership

Instem Life Science Systems Limited 
(company number 04339129)
England and Wales

Instem LSS Limited 
(company number 03548215)
England and Wales

Instem LSS (North America) Limited 
(company number 02126697)
England and Wales

Instem LSS (Asia) Limited 
(company number 1371107)
Hong Kong

Diamond Way
Stone Business Park
Stone, Staffordshire
ST15 0SD

Diamond Way
Stone Business Park
Stone, Staffordshire
ST15 0SD

Diamond Way
Stone Business Park
Stone, Staffordshire
ST15 0SD

Suite 1106-8
11/F Tai Yau Building
No 181 Johnston Road
Wanchai

Holding Company

100% by Instem plc

Software development, 
sales, sales support and 
administrative support

100% by Instem Life Science 
Systems Limited

Sales, sales support and 
administrative support

100% by Instem LSS Limited

Holding Company

100% by Instem LSS Limited

Instem Information Systems (Shanghai) Limited
(company number 310115400257075)
Shanghai, PRC

Room 205, Building 16
88 Da’erwen Road
Zhanjiang, High Tech Park
Pudong District 201203

Sales, sales support and 
service

100% by Instem LSS (Asia) 
Limited

7 8

Company

Registered Address

Activity

Ownership

Instem Scientific Limited
(company number 03861669)
England and Wales

Instem Scientific Solutions Limited 
(company number 03598020)
England and Wales

Instem Scientific Inc.
USA

Diamond Way
Stone Business Park
Stone, Staffordshire
ST15 0SD

Diamond Way
Stone Business Park
Stone, Staffordshire
ST15 0SD

Leading provider of software 
solutions for extracting 
intelligence from R&D 
related healthcare data

100% by Instem plc

Dormant

100% by Instem Scientific 
Limited

Suite 1550
161 Washington Street
8 Tower Bridge
Conshohocken PA 19428

Leading provider of software 
solutions for extracting 
intelligence from R&D 
related healthcare data

100% by Instem Scientific 
Limited

Instem India Pvt Limited
(company number U73100MH2012FTC231951)
India

Adisa Icon 
Mumbai Bangalore Highway
Bavdhan Budruk
Pune 411021

Instem Clinical Holdings Limited
(company number 05840032)
England and Wales

Instem Clinical Limited
(company number 06959053)
England and Wales

Instem Clinical Inc.
USA

Perceptive Instruments Limited
(company number 02498351)
England and Wales

Instem Japan K.K
(company number 0104-01-120355)
Japan

Samarind Limited
(company number 02105894)
England and Wales

Notocord Systems S.A.
(company number 350927349)
France

Notocord Inc.
USA

Leadscope Inc.
USA

Diamond Way
Stone Business Park
Stone, Staffordshire
ST15 0SD

Diamond Way
Stone Business Park
Stone, Staffordshire
ST15 0SD

Suite 1550
161 Washington Street
8 Tower Bridge
Conshohocken PA 19428

Diamond Way
Stone Business Park
Stone, Staffordshire
ST15 0SD

Shinagawa
Intercity Tower, A Level 28
2-15-1 Konan, Minato-ku
Tokyo 108-6028

Diamond Way
Stone Business Park
Stone, Staffordshire
ST15 0SD

Parc des Grillons
60, route de Sartrouville
78230 Le Pecq
Paris

PO Box 10188
Newark
New Jersey
07101-3188

1393 Dublin Road
Columbus
Ohio 43215

99.9% by Instem LSS Limited
0.1% by Instem LSS (NA) 
Limited

100% by Instem plc

100% by Instem Clinical 
Holdings Limited

100% by Instem Clinical 
Holdings Limited

100% by Instem plc

Software development

Holding of intellectual 
property
rights and investment in 
group
companies

Provision of electronic 
data capture and clinical 
management solutions to the 
pharmaceutical industry

Provision of electronic 
data capture and clinical 
management solutions to the 
pharmaceutical industry

Development, manufacture 
and supply of software and 
hardware products for in 
vitro study data collection 
and study management 
in the genetic toxicology, 
microbiology and 
immunology markets 

Sales, sales support and 
service

100% by Instem LSS Limited

Provider of regulatory 
information management 
software

100% by Instem plc

Software development, sales 
support and administrative 
support

100% by Instem plc

Sales, sales support and 
administrative support

100% by Notocord Systems 
S.A.

Leading provider of in-silico 
safety assessment software

100% Instem Scientific Inc

7 9

14. P R O P E R T Y,   P L A N T   A N D   E Q U I P M E N T

Group

Cost 

At 1 January 2018

Additions

Disposals

Adjustment

Exchange adjustment

At 31 December 2018

Additions

Disposals

Acquisition

Exchange adjustment

At 31 December 2019

Depreciation

At 1 January 2018

Depreciation expense

Disposals

Adjustment

Exchange adjustment

At 31 December 2018

Depreciation expense

Disposals

Acquisition

Exchange adjustment

At 31 December 2019

Net book value

At 31 December 2018

At 31 December 2019

Short leasehold property
£000

IT hardware & software
£000

78

29

(10)

(4)

1

94

14

(34)

-

(2)

72

60

4

(3)

4

1

66

7

(33)

-

(1)

39

28

33

893

116

(32)

562

5

1,544

77

(1)

79

(17)

1,682

612

140

(32)

549

3

1,272

148

(1)

75

(16)

1,478

272

204

Total
£000

971

145

(42)

558

6

1,638

91

(35)

79

(19)

1,754

672

144

(35)

553

4

1,338

155

(34)

75

(17)

1,517

300

237

In 2018 there was an adjustment in cost of £0.6m and depreciation of £0.6m to align the financial statements to the 
underlying asset registers. The impact on net book value was nil.

8 0

15. I N V E N T O R I E S

Group

Work in progress

Total gross inventories

2019
£000

36

36

2019
£000

36

2018
£000

37

37

2018
£000

37

The inventory consists of high-quality industrial-standard cameras and associated hardware for the Instem Sorcerer 
Colony Counter product.

In 2019, a total of £0.02m (2018: £0.04m) of inventory was included in profit or loss as an expense. This includes an 
amount of £nil (2018: £nil) resulting from write-down of inventories.

16. T R A D E   A N D   O T H E R   R E C E I VA B L E S

Group

Trade receivables

Amounts recoverable on contracts

Prepayments and accrued income

Company

Amounts owed by group companies

Other receivables   

2019
£000

4,376

1,365

1,180

6,921

4,861

140

5,001

2018
£000

3,786

2,807

1,214

7,807

3,010

121

3,131

An allowance has been made for estimated credit losses from trade receivable and amounts recoverable on contracts 
as per below:

An analysis of the provision for impairment of receivables is as follows:

Group

At beginning of year

Increase in provision for impairment

Reversal of provision for impairment

At end of year

2019
£000

54

161

-

215

2018
£000

73

1

(20)

54

8 1

16. T R A D E   A N D   O T H E R   R E C E I VA B L E S   ( C O N T I N U E D )

Definition of default

A loss allowance on all financial assets is measured by considering the probability of default.

Receivables are considered to be in default based on an assessment of past payment practices over a 5 year period prior 
to 31 December 2019 and the likelihood of such overdue amounts being recovered. 

Impairment of trade receivables

The probability of default is determined at the year-end based on the ageing of the receivables and historical data 
about  default  rates. That  data  is  adjusted  if  the  Group  determines  that  historical  data  is  not  reflective  of  expected 
future conditions due to changes in the nature of its customers and how they are affected by external factors such as 
economic and market conditions.

The calculated simplified expected credit loss of trade receivables is deemed immaterial in the current year (2018: 
immaterial). The directors therefore do not deem it necessary to increase the impairment provision which is in relation 
to specific credit-impaired receivables.

The average credit period taken on sale is 61 days (2018: 83 days). No interest has been charged on overdue receivables.

Before accepting any new significant customer, the Group obtains relevant credit references to assess the potential 
customer’s credit quality. Credit limits are defined by customer.

The directors consider that the carrying amount of trade and other receivables approximates to their fair value.

Impairment of amounts owed by group companies

The Company assesses the expected credit loss in respect of group receivables based on their ability to repay and 
recover the balance.  In the absence of agreed terms this consideration is given over the expected period of repayment 
and any expected credit loss. As at the period end the Company has made a provision of £0.8m for credit impairment 
of amounts owed by group companies (2018: £nil).

The age profile of the net trade receivables for the Group at the year-end was as follows:

Debt age

Group
2019

Current

0-30 days

31-60 days

Trade receivables/Amounts recoverable on contracts

Value (£000)

3,654

1,063

%

64

18

451

8

Debt age

Group
2018

Current

0-30 days

31-60 days

Trade receivables/Amounts recoverable on contracts

Value (£000)

4,061

1,904

%

62

29

216

3

Over 60 
days

573

10

Over 60 
days

412

6

Total

5,741

100

Total

6,593

100

The maximum exposure to credit risk at the reporting date is the carrying value of each class of receivables mentioned 
above. The Group does not hold any collateral as security.

8 2

17. C A S H   A N D   C A S H   E Q U I VA L E N T S

Group

Cash at bank

Bank overdraft 

Company

2019
£000

14,955

(8,998)

5,957

2018
£000

12,570

(8,998)

3,572

Cash at bank

1,128

643

The Group’s overdraft facility has a net limit of £0.5m and a gross limit of £9.0m.  Interest is charged on the bank 
overdraft at 3.0% above base rate.  The bank overdraft is secured by fixed and floating charges over certain of the 
Group’s assets and is repayable on demand.

Cash and cash equivalents in the statement of financial position includes a bank overdraft of £9.0m (2018: £9.0m) as 
noted above. An offset position is reported as the Group has a legal right to set off and any settlement would be on a 
net basis.

There is a debenture in favour of National Westminster Bank Plc, dated 13 April 2011, secured over the assets of the 
Group by way of fixed and floating charges, in respect of the Group’s overdraft facility.

An analysis of cash and cash equivalents by currency is as follows:

Group

Sterling

Euro

US Dollar

Renminbi

Other

Company

Sterling

2019
£000

355

737

1,535

1,924

1,406

5,957

1,128

1,128

2018
£000

(226)

105

1,597

1,629

467

3,572

643

643

The carrying amount of these assets approximates to their fair value. 

8 3

18. T R A D E   A N D   O T H E R   P A YA B L E S

Group - Current

Trade payables

Other taxation and social security costs

Accruals

Company - Current

Trade payables

Amounts owed to group companies

Accruals

2019
£000

912

183

1,567

2,662

275

6,051

333

6,659

2018
£000

589

205

1,362

2,156

165

4,271

159

4,595

The directors consider that the carrying amount of trade and other payables approximates to fair value due to their 
short maturities.

19. D E F E R R E D   I N C O M E                    

At beginning of year

Increase on acquisition of Leadscope Inc.

Increase/(Decrease)

At end of year

2019
£000

8,625

818

(501)

8,942

2018
£000

10,967

-

 (2,342)

8,625

Deferred  income  relates  to  consideration  received  from  customers  in  advance  of  work  being  completed  plus 
maintenance and support which is invoiced in advance.                         

2 0 .   C U R R E N T   T A X A T I O N

The Group current tax receivable of £1.2m and payable of £0.4m (2018: receivable of £1.0m and payable of £0.4m) 
represents the amount of income taxes receivable and payable in respect of current and prior years. 

The Company current tax payable is £nil (2018: £nil). 

8 4

  
2 1 .   F I N A N C I A L   L I A B I L I T I E S

An analysis of financial liabilities as presented in the statement of financial position is as follows:

Lease liability

Deferred consideration

Current liability

Deferred consideration

Contingent consideration

Non current liability

2019
£000

18

283

301

2019
£000

275

284

559

2018
£000

34

-

34

2018
£000

18

-

18

The  deferred  consideration  and  contingent  consideration  above  is  in  respect  of  the  acquisition  of  Leadscope  Inc, 
which was purchased on 15 November 2019 (Note 11).

The financial liability maturity analysis is disclosed in the table below.

2019

1 year or less
£000

1 to 2 years
£000

2 to 5 years
£000

Lease liability

Deferred consideration

Contingent consideration

18

283

-

301

-

275

-

275

-

-

284

284

2018

1 year or less
£000

1 to 2 years
£000

2 to 5 years
£000

Lease liability

34

18

-

Total
£000

18

558

284

860

Total
£000

52

8 5

2 2 .   F I N A N C I A L   I N S T R U M E N T S

FAIR VALUES OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Fair values

The table below analyses financial instruments into a fair value hierarchy based on the valuation technique used to 
determine fair value

Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. 

Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either 
directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).

Level 3: Inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable input).

2019
Group and Company

Carrying amount
£000

Fair value
£000

Contingent consideration

284

284

2018
Group and Company

Carrying amount
£000

Contingent consideration

-

Fair value
£000

-

Level 3
£000

284

Level 3
£000

-

Measurement of fair value of financial instruments

The following valuation technique is used is used for instruments categorised as Level 3:

Contingent consideration (Level 3) – the fair value of contingent consideration related to the acquisition of Leadscope 
Inc (Note 11) is estimated using a present value technique. The £284,000 fair value is estimated by probability weighting 
the estimated future cash outflows, adjusting for risk and discounting at 13.4%. The probability weighted cash outflows 
before discounting are £388,000 and reflect management’s estimate of a 100% probability that the contract’s target level 
will be achieved. The discount rate used is 13.4% representing the Group’s weighted average cost of capital (WACC), 
with has been calculated by external valuation specialists.

The reconciliation of the carrying amounts of financial instruments classified as Level 3 is as follows:

Balance as at 1 January 

Arising on business combination

Payment of contingent consideration

Unwinding discount

Balance as at 31 December

2019
£000

-

284

-

-

284

2018
£000

188

-

(200)

12

-

8 6

2 2 .   F I N A N C I A L   I N S T R U M E N T S   ( C O N T I N U E D )

The Group is exposed to various risks in relation to financial instruments. Each of these is disclosed in the table below.

Carrying 
amount
2019
£000

Fair value 
2019
£000

Level 3 
2019
£000

Carrying 
amount
2018
£000

Fair value 
2018
£000

Level 3 
2018
£000

Loans and receivables

Cash and cash equivalents

Trade and other receivables

5,957

6,921

5,957

6,921

Financial assets measured at amortised cost

12,878

12,878

Financial assets measured at fair value

-

-

Total financial assets

12,878

12,878

Financial liabilities measured at amortised cost 

Trade payables and accruals

(2,479)

Financial liabilities measured at amortised cost

(2,479)

Contingent consideration

Financial liabilities measured at fair value

(284)

(284)

(2,479)

(2,479)

(284)

(284)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(284)

(284)

3,572

7,807

3,572

7,807

11,379

11,379

-

-

11,379

11,379

(1,951)

(1,951)

-

-

(1,951)

(1,951)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Total financial liabilities

(2,763)

(2,763)

(1,951)

(1,951)

Total financial instruments

10,115

10,115

9,428

9,428

CREDIT RISK

Financial risk management

Management aims to minimise the risk of credit losses.

The Group’s financial assets are bank balances and cash and trade and other receivables, which represent the Group’s 
maximum exposure to credit risk in relation to financial assets.

The Group’s credit risk is primarily attributable to its trade receivables and the Group has policies in place to ensure 
that sales of products and services are made to customers with appropriate creditworthiness. The Group generates 
external revenue from no customer that individually amounts to more than 10% of the Group revenue. At the 2019 
year end the Group had a maximum credit risk exposure of £6.9m (2018: £7.8m).

The amounts presented in the statement of financial position are net of impairment provisions.

The Group’s exposure to losses from defaults on trade receivables is reduced due to contractual terms which require 
installation, training, annual licensing and support fees to be invoiced and paid annually in advance. Note 16 sets out 
the impairment provision for credit losses on trade receivables and the ageing analysis of overdue trade receivables. 
There were no impairment losses recognised on other financial assets.

The Group undertakes procedures to determine whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk of 
its  other  receivables,  including  group  balances,  since  their  initial  recognition.    Where  these  procedures  identify  a 
significant increase in credit risk, the loss allowance is measured based on the risk of a default occurring over the 
expected life of the instrument rather than considering only the default events expected within 12 months of the year-
end.

8 7

2 2 .   F I N A N C I A L   I N S T R U M E N T S   ( C O N T I N U E D )

The concentration of credit risk for trade receivables at the balance sheet date by geographical region was:

UK 

Europe

USA 

China

Rest of World

2019
£000

1,766

146

1,401

644

419

4,376

2018
£000

2,026

83

1,159

505

13

3,786

LIQUIDITY RISK 

Financial risk management

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group will not be able to meet its financial commitments as they fall due.

The Group’s objective is to ensure that adequate facilities are available through use of bank overdrafts and leases.  The 
Group manages liquidity risk through regular cash flow forecasting and monitoring of cash flows, management review 
and regular review of working capital and costs.

The Group regularly monitors its available headroom under its borrowing facilities.  At 31 December 2019, its £0.5m 
bank facility was undrawn (2018: £0.5m undrawn). The Group had positive cash reserves of £6.0m at the 2019 year 
end, in addition to the £0.5m undrawn working capital facility, although £1.9m of the cash was held in bank accounts 
in China, where it has been traditionally harder to repatriate funds quickly. There are no long term restrictions on the 
transfer of funds from the Group bank accounts in China.

The following are the contractual maturities of financial liabilities.

2019
Non derivative financial liabilities

Carrying 
amount
£000

Contractual 
cashflows
£000

1 year or less
£000

2 to 5 years 
£000

After 5 years
£000

Liabilities relating to right of use assets

2,569

Lease liabilities

Trade payables

18

912

3,499

2,569

18

912

3,499

565

18

912

1,950

-

-

1,495

1,950

54

-

-

54

2018
Non derivative financial liabilities

Carrying 
amount
£000

Contractual 
cashflows
£000

1 year or less
£000

2 to 5 years
£000

After 5 years
£000

Lease liabilities

Trade payables

52

589

641

52

589

641

34

589

623

18

-

18

-

-

-

8 8

2 2 .   F I N A N C I A L   I N S T R U M E N T S   ( C O N T I N U E D )

MARKET RISK

Market risk - Foreign currency risk

The Group operates internationally and is exposed to foreign currency risk on transactions denominated in a currency 
other  than  the  functional  currency  and  on  the  translation  of  the  statement  of  financial  position  and  statement  of 
comprehensive income of foreign operations into sterling.  The currencies giving rise to this risk are primarily US 
dollars.  The Group has both cash inflows and outflows in this currency that create a natural hedge.  

In  managing  currency  risks  the  Group  aims  to  reduce  the  impact  of  short-term  fluctuations  on  the  Group’s  cash 
inflows and outflows in a foreign currency.  

Over the longer  term, changes in foreign  exchange could have an  impact  on consolidation of foreign subsidiaries 
earnings.  A 10% decrease in the average value of Sterling against the US dollar would have resulted in an increase in 
the Group’s profit before tax by approximately £0.1m (2018: £0.1m).

The Group’s exposure to foreign currency risk is as follows.

2019

Sterling
£000

Cash and cash equivalents

Trade and other receivables

Liabilities relating to right off use assets

Lease liabilities

355

2,804

(666)

(18)

Trade payables

(574)

Net exposure

1,901

2018

Cash and cash equivalents

Trade and other receivables

Sterling
£000

(226)

2,887

Lease liabilities

(52)

Trade payables

(391)

Net exposure

2,218

Euro
£000

737

188

(309)

-

(14)

602

Euro
£000

105

171

-

(40)

236

US Dollars
£000

Renminbi
£000

1,924

716

(16)

-

-

1,535

2,636

(730)

-

(330)

3,111

Other
£000

1,406

577

(848)

-

6

2,624

1,141

US Dollars
£000

Renminbi
£000

Other
£000

1,597

3,866

-

(155)

5,308

1,629

718

-

-

2,347

467

165

-

(3)

629

Total
£000

5,957

6,921

(2,569)

(18)

(912)

9,379

Total
£000

3,572

7,807

(52)

(589)

10,738

Interest rate risk 

The  Group  operates  an  interest  rate  policy  designed  to  minimise  interest  costs  and  reduce  volatility  in  reported 
earnings.

The Group’s bank facility does not allow the US Dollar cash balances to generate interest therefore the Group transfers 
funds from the US dollar account into the sterling account.  Currency transfers have been utilised to maximise the 
interest gains whilst minimising foreign exchange risks.

As at 31 December 2019, the indications are that the UK bank base interest rate will not materially differ over the next 
12 months.  On the basis of the net cash position at 31 December 2019 and assuming no other changes occur (such 
as material changes in currency exchange rates) the change in interest rates will not have a material impact on net 
interest income/(expense). 

8 9

2 3 .   D E F E R R E D   T A X   ( C O N T I N U E D )

Group

Deferred tax asset

Amounts due to be recovered within 12 months

Amounts due to be recovered after 12 months

Total deferred tax liability

The movement in the year in the Group’s net deferred tax position was as follows:

At beginning of the year

Net charge to income for the year

Net debit to Other Comprehensive Income (OCI)

Net debit to goodwill arising on acquisitions during the year

Adjustments in respect of prior years 

At end of the year

2019
£000

-

(506)

(506)

2019
£000

 (12)

(166)

(6)

(311)

(11)

(506)

2018
£000

-

(12)

(12)

2018
£000

393

(101)

(221)

-

(83)

(12)

The following are the major deferred tax assets and liabilities recognised by the Group and the movements thereon 
during the year:

Accelerated 
tax 
depreciation
£000

Tax losses
£000

Retirement 
benefit 
obligations
£000

Other timing 
differences
£000

Deferred tax asset/(liability)

At 1 January 2018

Credit/(charge) to profit or loss for the year

Debit to OCI for the year

Adjustments in respect of prior years

(658)

132

-

-

At 31 December 2018

(526)

Credit/(charge) to profit or loss for the year

Debit to OCI for the year

116

-

Debit to goodwill arising on acquisitions during the year

(311)

Adjustments in respect of prior years

-

At 31 December 2019

(721)

694

(257)

-

-

437

(229)

-

-

187

395

638

(34)

(221)

-

383

(70)

(6)

-

-

307

(281)

58

-

(83)

(306)

17

-

-

(198)

(487)

Total
£000

393

(101)

(221)

(83)

(12)

(166)

(6)

(311)

(11)

(506)

Management have recognised deferred tax assets in relation to tax losses based on forecast profitability of the Group 
companies concerned.

Unrecognised tax losses not included at 31 December 2019 were £0.2m (2018: £0.3m) due to uncertainty over the 
timing of the recoverability of these losses.

9 0

2 4 .   R E T I R E M E N T   B E N E F I T   O B L I G A T I O N S

The Group has four active defined contribution schemes and a closed defined benefit scheme:

Defined contribution pension schemes

GROUP PERSONAL PENSION PLAN - the Scheme was created on 31 December 2008.  The Scheme is a contributory 
money purchase scheme with the employer matching employee contributions to a maximum of 5%.  The employer 
also contributes to the Scheme for former members of Instem LSS Pension Scheme at rates varying from 5% to 18%.  
Employer contributions for the year ended 31 December 2019 were £0.65m (2018: £0.53m).

CONTRACTED IN MONEY PURCHASE SCHEME (CIMP) - the Scheme was created on 31 December 2008.  The 
Scheme is a non-contributory scheme created for former members of the Instem LSS Pension Scheme who are US 
residents.  Employer contributions for the year ended 31 December 2019 were £0.03m (2018: £0.03m).

INSTEM LSS (NORTH AMERICA) LIMITED 401K PLAN - the Scheme was created for the benefit of employees 
of Instem LSS (North America) Limited in the USA.  The Scheme is a contributory money purchase scheme with the 
employer matching contributions to the scheme to a maximum of 4.8%.  Employer contributions for the year ended 
31 December 2019 were £0.18m (2018: £0.16m).

BIOWISDOM GPP SCHEME - the Scheme is a Group Personal Pension arrangement with AVIVA set up in 2001.  
Employee members must contribute at least 3% of basic salary and the employer contributes up to a maximum of 6%.  
Employer contributions for the year ended 31 December 2019 were £0.01m (2018: £0.02m).

Defined benefit pension scheme

The Group also operates a defined benefit pension arrangement called the Instem LSS Pension Scheme (the Scheme). 
The Scheme provides benefits based on final salary and length of service on retirement, leaving service or death. This 
scheme was closed to new members with effect from 8 October 2001. 

The Scheme is subject to the Statutory Funding Objective under the Pensions Act 2004. A valuation of the Scheme 
is carried out at least once every three years to determine whether the Statutory Funding Objective is met. As part of 
the process, the Group must agree with the Trustees of the Scheme the contributions to be paid to meet the Statutory 
Funding Objective. The future contributions required to meet the Statutory Funding Objective do not currently affect 
the statement of financial position of the Scheme in these accounts. 

The Scheme is managed by a Board of Trustees appointed in part by the Group and part from elections by members of 
the Scheme. The Trustees have responsibility for obtaining valuations of the Scheme, administering benefit payments 
and investing the Scheme’s assets. The Trustees delegate some of these functions to their professional advisors where 
appropriate.

The Scheme exposes the Group to a number of risks: 

• 

• 

• 

Investment risk. The Scheme holds investments in asset classes, such as equities, which have volatile market values 
and while these assets are expected to provide the real returns over the long-term, the short-term volatility can 
cause additional funding to be required if a deficit emerges.

Interest  rate  risk. The  Scheme’s  liabilities  are  assessed  using  market  yields  on  high  quality  corporate  bonds  to 
discount the liabilities. As the Scheme holds assets such as equities the value of the assets and liabilities may not 
move in the same way.

Inflation risk. A significant proportion of the benefits under the Scheme are linked to inflation. Although the 
Scheme’s assets are expected to provide a good hedge against inflation over the long-term, movements over the 
short-term could lead to deficits emerging.

•  Mortality risk. In the event that members live longer than assumed a deficit will emerge in the Scheme.

There were no Scheme amendments, curtailments or settlements during the year.

The  most  recent  comprehensive  actuarial  valuation  was  carried  out  at  5  April  2017  and  the  next  valuation  of  the 
Scheme is due at 5 April 2020. In the event that the valuation reveals a larger deficit than expected the Group may be 
required to increase contributions above those set out in the existing Schedule of Contributions. Conversely, if the 
position is better than expected, it is possible that contributions may be reduced.

9 1

2 4 .   R E T I R E M E N T   B E N E F I T   O B L I G A T I O N S   ( C O N T I N U E D )

The following schedule of contributions was prepared by the Trustees of the Scheme after obtaining the advice of the 
Scheme Actuary appointed by the Trustees and was intended to clear the deficit in the Scheme at the time it was agreed 
in June 2018: 

Period ended

31 March 2020

31 March 2021

31 March 2022

31 March 2023

31 March 2024

30 October 2024

Monthly payment (payable in each month except the 
final month in each period) £’000

Balancing payment due before period end £’000

25

25

25

25

25

25

237

255

273

293

313

193

The employer pays the Pension Protection Fund levy each year in respect of the scheme.  It is intended that all other 
expenses associated with the running of the Scheme will be met from the Scheme’s assets.

The net interest on the net defined benefit liability was determined by considering the expected returns available on 
the  assets  underlying  the  current  investment  portfolio.    Expected  yields  on  bonds  are  based  on  gross  redemption 
yields at the reporting date whilst the expected returns on the equity and property investments reflect the long-term 
real rates of return experienced in the respective markets.  

Discount rate (pa)

Inflation (RPI) (pa)

Inflation (CPI) (pa)

Rate of increase in salaries

Rate of increase in pensions in payment

2019
%

2.20

2.80

1.80

N/A

2.70

Life Expectancy assumption (number of years from the age of 65)

Years

Male currently aged 45

Female currently aged 45

Male currently aged 65

Female currently aged 65

ANALYSIS OF AMOUNT CHARGED TO FINANCE COSTS

Interest on pension scheme assets

Interest on pension scheme liabilities

Net finance charge

23.7

24.8

22.7

23.6

2019
£000

316

(376)

(60)

2018
%

3.00

3.10

2.00

N/A

3.00

Years

24.1

25.2

23.1

24.0

2018
£000

212

(384)

(172)

9 2

2 4 .   R E T I R E M E N T   B E N E F I T   O B L I G A T I O N S   ( C O N T I N U E D )

Pension schemes are legally required to equalise pension benefits for the effects of unequal Guaranteed Minimum 
Pensions (GMPs) between males and females that were accrued since May 1990. The Group has included a reserve 
of £nil in 2019 for the cost of GMP equalisation (2018: £0.1m). This amount is charged to non-recurring costs in the 
Statement of Comprehensive Income.

ANALYSIS OF AMOUNT RECOGNISED IN OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME/
(EXPENSE)

Gains/(losses) on pension scheme assets in excess of interest

Gains from changes to demographic assumptions 

2019
£000

1,003

261

(Losses)/gains from changes to financial assumptions                                               

(1,234)

Actuarial gain recognised in other comprehensive income/(expense)

30

CHANGES IN THE PRESENT VALUE OF THE DEFINED BENEFIT OBLIGATION

2019
£000

Opening defined benefit obligation

12,655

Interest cost

Past service cost and GMP reserve

Benefits paid

Experience gain on liabilities

Changes to demographic assumptions

Changes to financial assumptions

376

-

(231)

-

(261)

1,234

Closing defined benefit obligation

13,773

CHANGES IN THE FAIR VALUE OF PLAN ASSETS

2019
£000

Opening plan assets

10,406

Expected return

Return on plan assets less interest

Contributions by employer

Benefits paid

316

1,003

475

(231)

Closing plan assets

11,969

2018
£000

(957)

65

2,192

1,300

2018
£000

14,549

384

203

(224)

-

(65)

(2,192)

12,655

2018
£000

10,799

289

(957)

499

(224)

10,406

The actual return on plan assets was a positive return of £1.3m (2018: negative return £0.67m).

9 3

2 4 .   R E T I R E M E N T   B E N E F I T   O B L I G A T I O N S   ( C O N T I N U E D )

AMOUNT RECOGNISED IN THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL 
POSITION

2019
£000

Present value of funded obligations

(13,773)

Fair value of plan assets

Net pension liability

Related deferred tax asset

Net pension liability after deferred tax

RECONCILIATION OF NET DEFINED BENEFIT LIABILITY

Opening net defined benefit liability

Net interest expense and GMP reserve

Remeasurements

Contributions by employer

Closing net defined benefit liability

11,969

(1,804)

307

(1,497)

2019
£000

2,249

60

(30)

(475)

1,804

2018
£000

(12,655)

10,406

(2,249)

383

(1,866)

2018
£000

3,750

298

(1,300)

(499)

2,249

ANALYSIS OF CUMULATIVE AMOUNT RECOGNISED IN OTHER COMPREHENSIVE 
INCOME/(EXPENSE)

Cumulative
2019
£000

Cumulative
2018
£000

Actual return less expected return on pension scheme assets

Experience gains and losses arising on scheme liabilities

Changes in demographic assumptions

Changes in assumptions underlying the present value of the scheme liabilities

Cumulative actuarial loss recognised in other comprehensive expense

2,094

(1,628)

615

(4,422)

(3,341)

Actuarial gain recognised in other comprehensive income/(expense) in the period

30

1,091

(1,628)

354

(3,188)

(3,371)

1,300

MAJOR CATEGORIES OF PLAN ASSETS AS A PERCENTAGE OF FAIR VALUE OF TOTAL PLAN ASSETS

2019

2018

Equities

Property

Bonds

Corporate Bonds

Cash

Other

£000

7,277

655

1,109

1,799

338

791

%

61

5

9

15

3

7

£000

6,458

781

1,058

1,297

86

726

%

62

8

10

12

1

7

11,969

100

10,406

100

9 4

2 4 .   R E T I R E M E N T   B E N E F I T   O B L I G A T I O N S   ( C O N T I N U E D )

The five-year history of experience adjustments is as follows:

2019
£000

2018
£000

2017
£000

2016
£000

2015
£000

Present value of defined benefit obligation

(13,773)

(12,655)

(14,549)

(14,436)

(11,782)

Fair value of plan assets

11,969

10,406

10,799

9,690

7,849

Deficit

(1,804)

(2,249)

(3,750)

(4,746)

(3,933)

Experience gains on plan liabilities

-

Return on plan assets less interest

1,003

65

(957)

156

686

-

-

1,252

(136)

The Group expects to contribute £0.5m to its defined benefit plan in the next financial year (2018: £0.5m).

The following sensitivities apply to the value placed on the liabilities:

Adjustments to assumptions
Approximate effect on liabilities

DISCOUNT RATE

Plus 0.50% pa

Minus 0.50% pa

INFLATION

Plus 0.50% pa

Minus 0.50% pa

LIFE EXPECTANCY

Plus 1 year

Minus 1 year

£000

(1,101)

1,248

1,213

(1,079)

362

(348)

2 5 .   P R O V I S I O N   F O R   L I A B I L I T I E S

At 1 January

Increase in provision during the year

At 31 December

2019
£000

250

-

250

2018
£000

250

-

250

The Group holds a provision of £0.25m (2018: £0.25m) in respect of historical contract disputes against a maximum 
exposure estimated at approximately £1.5m. There are uncertainties around the outcome of contract disputes and any 
settlements may be higher or lower than the amount provided. The directors believe the provision represents the best 
estimate of the risks and considers all information and legal input received by the Group. The assumptions made in 
relation to the current period are consistent with those in the prior year. The utilisation of this provision is anticipated 
to be within 2 years. 

9 5

2 6 .   S H A R E   C A P I T A L

ALLOTTED, CALLED UP AND FULLY PAID

At 1 January

15,917,931 ordinary shares of 10p each (2018: 15,886,660)

705,147 ordinary shares of 10p each (2018: 31,271), issued during the year

At 31 December

2019
£000

1,592

70

1,662

2018
£000

1,589

3

1,592

During the year 473,181 (2018: 31,271) shares were issued in respect of the exercise of share options.

2 7 .   E A R N I N G S   P E R   S H A R E

Basic and diluted earnings per share
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the profit attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted 
average number of ordinary shares in issue during the year.  Diluted earnings per share is calculated by adjusting the 
weighted number of ordinary shares outstanding to assume conversion of all dilutive potential shares arising from the 
share option scheme.  The dilutive impact of the share options is calculated by determining the number of shares that 
could have been acquired at fair value (determined as the average market share price of the Company’s shares) based 
on the monetary value of the subscription rights attached to the outstanding share options. The diluted loss per share 
in 2019 is the same as basic loss per share as losses have an anti-dilutive effect.

Loss after tax 
(£000)

Earnings per share - Basic

(923)

Potentially dilutive shares

-

Earnings per share - Diluted

(923)

2019

Weighted 
average 
number of 
shares (000’s)

16,254

799

17,053

Loss per share 
(pence)

Profit after tax 
(£000)

(5.7)

-

(5.7)

1,470

-

1,470

2018

Weighted 
average 
number of 
shares (000’s)

15,909

940

16,849

Earnings per 
share (pence)

9.2

-

8.7

Adjusted earnings per share
Adjusted earnings per share is calculated after adjusting for the effect of foreign currency exchange on the revaluation of 
inter-group balances included in finance income/(costs), non-recurring items, impairment of goodwill and capitalised 
development and amortisation of intangibles on acquisitions. Diluted adjusted earnings per share is calculated by 
adjusting the weighted number of ordinary shares outstanding to assume conversion of all dilutive potential shares 
arising  from  the  share  option  scheme.    The  dilutive  impact  of  the  share  options  is  calculated  by  determining  the 
number of shares that could have been acquired at fair value (determined as the average market share price of the 
Company’s shares) based on the monetary value of the subscription rights attached to the outstanding share options. 

Adjusted 
profit after tax 
(£000)

Earnings per share - Basic

3,138

Potentially dilutive shares

-

Earnings per share - Diluted

3,138

2019

Weighted 
average 
number of 
shares (000’s)

16,254

799

17,053

Adjusted 
earnings per 
share (pence)

Adjusted 
profit after tax 
(£000)

19.3

-

18.4

2,611

-

2,611

2018

Weighted 
average 
number of 
shares (000’s)

15,909

940

16,849

Adjusted 
earnings per 
share (pence)

16.4

-

15.5

9 6

2 7 .   E A R N I N G S   P E R   S H A R E   ( C O N T I N U E D )

Reconciliation of adjusted profit before tax:

Reported (loss)/profit before tax

Non-recurring costs

Amortisation of acquired intangibles

Impairment of goodwill and capitalised development

Foreign exchange differences on revaluation of inter-group balances

Adjusted profit before tax

Tax

Adjusted profit after tax

2019
£000

(901)

302

523

3,175

61

3,160

(22)

3,138

2018
£000

1,677

539

788

-

(186)

2,818

(207)

2,611

2 8 .   C A P I T A L   A N D   R E S E R V E S

Share capital

The share capital account represents the par value for all shares issued.  The Company has one class of share and each 
share rank parri passu and carry equal rights.

Share premium account

The share premium account is used to record amounts received in excess of the nominal value of shares on issue of 
new shares less the costs of new share issues.

Merger reserve

The merger reserve represents -

• 

• 

the difference between the consideration payable at the date of acquisition, net of merger relief, and the share 
capital and share premium of Instem Life Science Systems Limited and

the difference between the nominal value and share issue price of shares issued as consideration in the purchase 
of Leadscope Inc

Share based payment reserve

The share based payment reserve represents the fair value of shares options periodically awarded to employees and 
executive directors, which is charged to the statement of comprehensive income.

Translation reserve

The translation reserve incorporates the cumulative net exchange gains and losses recognised on the translation of 
subsidiary company financial information to the presentational currency of Sterling (£). 

Retained earnings

The retained earnings reserve includes the accumulated profits and losses arising from the consolidated ‘Statement of 
Comprehensive Income’ and certain items from ‘Other Comprehensive Income’ attributable to equity shareholders 
net of distributions to shareholders.

Capital management

The Group’s main objective when managing capital is to protect returns to shareholders by ensuring the Group will 
continue to trade profitably in the foreseeable future.  The Group also aims to maximise the capital structure of debt 
and equity so as to minimise its cost of capital. The Group manages its capital with regard to the risks inherent in the 
business and the sector within which it operates by monitoring its gearing ratio on a regular basis. 

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2 8 .   C A P I T A L   A N D   R E S E R V E S   ( C O N T I N U E D )

The Group considers its capital to include share capital, share premium, merger reserve, share based payment reserve, 
translation reserve, retained earnings and net debt as noted below. 

Net debt includes short and long-term borrowings (including overdrafts and lease obligations) net of cash and cash 
equivalents.  

The Group has not made any changes to its capital management during the year.

2 9 .   C A P I T A L   C O M M I T M E N T S

There were no capital commitments at the end of the financial year (2018: £nil).

3 0 .   R E L A T E D   P A R T Y   T R A N S A C T I O N S

Transactions between Group companies have not been disclosed as these have all been eliminated in the preparation of 
the consolidated financial statements. During the year, the Company traded with subsidiary companies in its normal 
course of business. These transactions related to recharges and totalled in aggregate £1.0m (2018: £1.0m).  The net 
intercompany balances due from the Company at the year-end totalled £0.3m (2018: due from: £1.3m).

During the year, the Group traded in its normal course of business with shareholders and consultancy businesses in 
which Directors have a material interest as follows:

KEY MANAGEMENT COMPENSATION:

2019
£000

2018
£000

Group and Company

Fees for services provided as Non-Executive Directors

Salaries and short-term benefits

Employer's national insurance & social security costs

Group

Executive Directors

Salaries and short-term benefits

Post-employment retirement benefits

Employers’ national insurance & social security costs

Share based payment charge

120

13

133

359

43

29

21

452

Group

Other key management

Salaries and short-term employee benefits

1,047

Post-employment retirement benefits

Employers’ national insurance & social security costs

Share based payment charge

59

99

54

120

11

131

335

41

23

91

490

968

51

68

125

The Company paid £0.05m (2018: £0.05m) to Instem Ventures Limited, a company owned by A Gare, a shareholder.  
The balance outstanding at the end of the year was £nil (2018: £nil).

Key management are considered to be the Directors together with the Senior Managers of the business. 

1,259

1,212

9 8

3 1 .   C O N T I N G E N T   L I A B I L I T I E S

Instem  plc  has  provided  a  guarantee  to  its  subsidiaries  which  have  taken  advantage  of  the  exemption  from  audit.  
Under this guarantee, the company has a contingent liability of £9.0m (2018: £9.0m).

3 2 .   S U B S E Q U E N T   E V E N T S

No adjusting events have occurred between the 31 December reporting date and the date of approval of these financial 
statements.

On 13th February 2020 it was announced that a member of the senior management team had exercised share options 
over 50,714 ordinary shares of 10p each in the Company. 

In January 2020 the Group informed its staff of its intention to implement an all-staff share and option scheme. The 
scheme has subsequently been formally launched with staff receiving the right to 386,686 ordinary shares of 10p each 
in the Company that will vest in April 2023.

Like most businesses worldwide the Group is having to deal with the impact of COVID-19, with its primary concern 
being for the safety and wellbeing of its staff and their families. While the Group expects some disruption to demand 
for its products and services there is also expected to be some increases in customer demand.  

The uncertainty as to the future impact on the Group of the recent COVID-19 outbreak has been considered as part 
of the Group’s adoption of the going concern basis. Thus far we have not observed any material impact on our overall 
existing business or in the level of new business opportunities that are being presented to us in the markets in which 
we operate. We have seen a little slippage in customers placing new business during the first quarter of 2020, but at 
this stage it is too early to determine whether this is likely to be a long term issue or merely a temporary matter whilst 
our customers are focused on managing their own businesses, with changes from introducing staff self-isolation and 
working from home. 

9 9

D I R E C T O R S   A N D   A D V I S O R S 

D I R E C T O R S
D Gare (Non-Executive Chairman)
M F McGoun (Independent Non-Executive)
D M Sherwin (Non- Executive)
P J Reason
N J Goldsmith

S E C R E T A R Y
N J Goldsmith

R E G I S T E R E D   O F F I C E
Diamond Way
Stone Business Park
Stone
Staffordshire
ST15 0SD
Tel: +44 1785 825600
Fax: +44 1785 825633
www.instem.com

Company No: 07148099

A U D I T O R
Grant Thornton UK LLP
4 Hardman Square
Spinningfields 
Manchester 
M3 3EB

B A N K E R
National Westminster Bank Plc
1 Spinningfields Square
Manchester M2 3AP

N O M I N A T E D   A D V I S O R   A N D   B R O K E R
Nplus1 Singer Advisory LLP
One Bartholomew Lane
London EC2N 2AX

R E G I S T R A R S
Computershare Investor Services PLC
The Pavilions
Bridgewater Road
Bristol BS99 6ZZ

S O L I C I T O R S
Squire Patton Boggs (UK) LLP
No 1 Spinningfields
1 Hardman Square
Manchester M3 3EB

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O U R   C L I E N T S

O u r   c l i e n t s 

i n c l u d e   t h e s e   f i n e 

o r g a n i s a t i o n s

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I n s t e m   s u p p o r t s   i t s   g l o b a l 

r o s t e r   o f   c l i e n t s   t h r o u g h 

o f f i c e s   i n   t h e   U n i t e d 

S t a t e s ,   U n i t e d   K i n g d o m , 

F r a n c e ,   J a p a n ,   C h i n a   a n d 

I n d i a .

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UK

Global Headquarters 

UK & European Operations

Diamond Way

Stone Business Park

Stone

Staffordshire, ST15 0SD

United Kingdom

Tel: +44 (0) 1785 825600

USA

North American Headquarters

Eight Tower Bridge

161 Washington Street

Suite 1550, 15th Floor

Conshohocken, PA 19428

United States

Tel: +1 (610) 941 0990

China

Asia-Pacific Headquarters

Room 205, Building 16

88 Darwin Road

Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Pudong District

Shanghai

China, 201203

Tel: +86 (0) 21 5131 2080

e-mail: investors@instem.com

instem.com

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