Quarterlytics / Industrials / Paper, Lumber & Forest Products / Interfor

Interfor

ifp · TSX Industrials
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Ticker ifp
Exchange TSX
Sector Industrials
Industry Paper, Lumber & Forest Products
Employees 1001-5000
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FY2017 Annual Report · Interfor
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2017 
Annual Report

CONTENTS 

Financial Highlights 
Message to Shareholders 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis 
Consolidated Financial Statements   
Annual Information Form 

pg 

  3 
  4 
  8 
31 
83 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS 
(in millions of dollars, except share and per share amounts) 

2017 

2016 

3 

Financial Summary 
Sales 
Net earnings 
Adjusted EBITDA(1) 

Per Share Data 
Net earnings per share  
         -  basic and diluted 
Price range per share 
  High 
  Low 
Net book value per share 
Operating cash flow (before working capital change) per share 
Weighted average shares outstanding (millions) 

Financial Position 
Total assets 
Net debt(1) 
Total shareholders’ equity 
Invested capital(1) 

Financial Ratios (%) 
Net debt as a % of invested capital 
Return on invested capital(1)  
Adjusted EBITDA margin(1) 

Notes: 
1.  See Glossary for definition. 

  1,990.1 
    97.2 
  287.8 

  1.39 

22.43 
  13.49 
  12.20 
  3.91 
   70.0 

  1,353.0 
  119.3 
  854.2 
  973.5 

   12.3% 
   28.1% 
   14.5% 

1,792.7 
    65.6 
   199.6     

  0.94 

 15.99 
  8.67 
 11.23 
  2.75 
  70.0 

1,301.6 
  289.6 
  786.7 
1,076.2 

 26.9% 
 17.7% 
 11.1% 

“With well-positioned mills, a strong balance sheet and a clear vision, Interfor is in 
a great position to deliver on our goal of building long-term value for our 
shareholders.” 

Message to Shareholders – February 2018 

For further highlights, please see the 2017 Message to Shareholders and 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis on the following pages. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
MESSAGE TO SHAREHOLDERS 

4 

Overview 

2017 was a record-breaking year for Interfor.  The combination of strong markets and gains 
in operating performance resulted in new standards for production, sales revenue and 
profitability.  Equally important, we took steps during the year to build out the Company’s 
organizational structure and to launch the next phase of our strategic plan which we believe 
will deliver additional gains in the years ahead. 

Highlights for the year included: 

  Production increased 4% to 2.6 billion board feet; 
  Sales revenue increased to $2.0 billion; 
  Earnings and cash flow increased significantly; 
  Net debt was reduced by $170 million; 
  Major investments were announced for our mills in Monticello, AR, and Meldrim, GA; 

and 

  Plans were launched to determine the next steps in our investment program 

including a feasibility study on a potential greenfield mill in the U.S. South. 

We are pleased with the results delivered in 2017 and excited about the opportunities ahead 
of us. 

I invite you to review the material covered in the next few pages and later in this report and 
to form your own views on our progress. 

Please feel free to forward any comments you may have to me directly at 
duncan.davies@interfor.com. 

Production Continues to Increase; Record Sales Revenue and Profitability 
Achieved 

Interfor’s production volumes increased 4% to 2.6 billion board feet in 2017 as the 
Company focused on digesting its recent growth and laying the foundation to capture 
additional gains. 

Sales volumes, including agency and wholesale activities, came in at 2.7 billion board feet. 

Product prices were better across-the-board in 2017 as demand in the U.S. continued to 
grow and supply disruptions and growing offshore sales limited availability. 

All-in, Interfor made $97.2 million after tax in 2017 on sales of $2.0 billion compared with 
earnings of $65.6 million on sales of $1.8 billion in 2016. 

EBITDA reported before non-recurring items and share-based compensation expense came 
in at an all-time high of $287.8 million versus $199.6 million in 2016. 

Strong Cash Flow Contributes to $170 Million Reduction in Net Debt 

Maintaining a strong balance sheet has been a hallmark of our management philosophy 
since the beginning, with a target ratio of net debt to invested capital of 25-35% with the 
flexibility to go up to 40% under certain circumstances. 

At year-end 2015, our debt ratio was in the upper end of the range at 38.4%.  Net debt was 
reduced by $163 million in 2016, bringing the ratio down to 26.9%.  In 2017, net debt was 
reduced by an additional $170 million to $119 million, the equivalent of 12.3% of invested 
capital, well below our target range. 

 
 
Message to Shareholders 

____________________ 

5 

The reduction in debt over the last two years, along with the corresponding increase in 
available liquidity which, at year-end, stood at $444 million (versus $128 million at the end 
of 2015), provides protection against uncertainty and puts Interfor in a strong position to 
pursue additional value-creating opportunities in the years ahead. 

Next Phase of Strategic Plan Launched; Projects Approved at Monticello and 
Meldrim 

In November, we announced plans to proceed with the next phase of our strategy to build 
value. 

The plan includes a number of discretionary capital projects designed to capture the 
potential within our existing platform of assets and to pursue opportunities for additional 
growth.   

The plan is entirely consistent with the strategy we employed in the B.C. Interior where we 
invested more than $300 million over 10 years to transform three outdated plants into three 
of the top-performing mills in North America. 

The good news is the opportunity in some regions today is even better than the one we saw 
in the B.C. Interior ten years ago. 

In that regard, we intend to spend upwards of $500 million on high-return projects over the 
next 5 years over-and-above our budget for roads and maintenance, with a focus on the 
U.S. South.  The average payback on these investments has been estimated using 
conservative assumptions at less than 4 years. 

As part of the 2018 program, we are proceeding with projects at our mills in Monticello, AR, 
and Meldrim, GA. 

The Monticello project has a capital cost of US$46.0 million and involves a complete rebuild 
of the mill’s primary breakdown system, the installation of a new continuous dry kiln and an 
upgrade to the planermill, including the installation of a computerized grading system. 

The Meldrim project has been costed at US$16.5 million and includes the addition of a new 
continuous dry kiln and a new autograder, along with other improvements to the planer. 

In addition to delivering significant improvements in mill level productivity and product 
quality, the Monticello and Meldrim projects will together add more than 150 million board 
feet to Interfor’s production capacity.  Both projects are scheduled for completion in the first 
quarter of 2019. 

Projects at other mills are being advanced from an engineering and feasibility standpoint 
and will be sequenced as appropriate. 

We’ve also completed a detailed feasibility study and business case for a greenfield sawmill 
in the Central Region of the U.S. South that will produce in excess of 200 million board feet 
per year.  The capital cost of this facility is over-and-above the $500 million earmarked for 
internal projects.  A decision on this project will be made in the next few months. 

All of these projects will be funded from internally generated cash flow or from the 
Company’s existing financial resources. 

We also remain interested in growing our platform in the U.S. South and elsewhere by way 
of acquisitions, provided the economics make sense and other strict criteria are met.  

 
 
 
 
 
Message to Shareholders 

____________________ 

6 

Changes to the Company’s Board of Directors Announced 

In December, Paul Herbert, who had served on our Board of Directors since 2014, stepped 
down as a result of Ilim Timber terminating its right to nominate a director to Interfor’s 
Board.  And, in January of this year, Peter Lynch, who has served on the Board since 2006, 
announced he would not be standing for re-election at the upcoming AGM. 

Paul and Peter made important contributions during their time on our Board.  We would like 
to thank them both for their wise counsel and wish them well in their future endeavours. 

At the same time, we are pleased to announce that Curt Stevens, formerly the CEO of 
Louisiana Pacific Corporation, has been nominated to stand for election as a director at the 
Company’s AGM in May. 

Curt is an outstanding individual with a long track record of success in the building products 
industry in Canada, the U.S. and internationally. 

We look forward to the benefit of Curt’s involvement going forward. 

Senior Management Changes Announced 

In November, John Horning, Interfor’s long-time CFO, announced his plan to retire at the 
end of 2018.  John, who is 63, has been with Interfor since 1997 and has played an 
important role in our repositioning and growth initiatives over the last two decades.  Those 
of you who know or have worked with John over the years know we wouldn’t be the 
company we are today without his involvement.  I would personally like to extend my 
gratitude for all he’s done and, especially, for the support he’s provided me over all these 
years. 

In February this year, our Board appointed Ian Fillinger as COO and Marty Juravsky as CFO.   

Ian, who is 49, joined Interfor in 2005 as General Manager of our Adams Lake Division and 
has served in a series of increasingly responsible positions since that time.  He was 
appointed Senior Vice President and Head of Operations in 2015. 

Marty, who is 54 and a CPA, CA, joined Interfor in 2012 in a consulting capacity and took 
formal responsibility for our corporate development activities in 2013.  He has more than 
twenty years of experience with some of North America’s largest investment banks including 
Salomon Brothers/Citigroup and National Bank Financial.  Immediately prior to his 
appointment, Marty served as Interfor’s Senior Vice President, Corporate Development and 
Strategy. 

Ian and Marty join with Bart Bender, our Senior Vice President, Sales & Marketing, and Mark 
Stock, our Senior Vice President, Human Resources and IT as the leaders of Interfor’s key 
line and staff groups and as members of our Senior Management Group.  

In my opinion, we’re fortunate to have such a talented group helping to drive our agenda. 

Business Outlook Encouraging; Vision Intact 

The first weeks of 2018 have shown continued strength in spite of poor weather in many 
parts of North America, supporting the view that markets will remain strong throughout the 
year. 

With well-positioned mills, a strong balance sheet and a clear vision, Interfor is in great 
shape to deliver on our goal of building long-term value for our shareholders. 

 
 
 
 
 
Message to Shareholders 

____________________ 

7 

In closing, I would like to thank our employees, Board of Directors and shareholders for 
their on-going support. 

I look forward to reporting to you on our progress again this time next year. 

Duncan Davies 
President & CEO 
February, 2018 

 
 
 
 
8 

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS 

Prepared as of February 8, 2018 

This Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) provides a review of financial condition and 
results of operations as at and for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2017 (“Q4’17” 
and “2017”, respectively).  It should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial 
statements of Interfor Corporation and its subsidiaries (“Interfor” or the “Company”) for the year 
ended December 31, 2017, and the notes thereto which have been prepared in accordance with 
International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”).  This MD&A contains certain non-GAAP measures 
which, within the Non-GAAP Measures section, are discussed, defined and reconciled to figures 
reported in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.  This MD&A has been prepared as of 
February 8, 2018.    

All figures are stated in Canadian Dollars, unless otherwise noted, and references to US$/USD are to 
the United States Dollar.  For definitions of technical terms and abbreviations used within this MD&A, 
refer to the Glossary in the Company’s 2017 Annual Report. 

Forward-Looking Information  

This MD&A contains forward-looking information about the Company’s business outlook, 
objectives, plans, strategic priorities and other information that is not historical fact.  A 
statement contains forward-looking information when the Company uses what it knows and 
expects today, to make a statement about the future.  Forward-looking information is 
included under the headings “Overview of Fourth Quarter, 2017”, “Softwood Lumber 
Duties”, “Outlook”, “Liquidity”, “Capital Resources”, “Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements”, 
“Financial Instruments and Other Instruments”, “Accounting Policy Changes” and “Risks and 
Uncertainties”.  Statements containing forward-looking information may include words such 
as: will, could, should, believe, expect, anticipate, intend, forecast, projection, target, 
outlook, opportunity, risk or strategy.   

Readers are cautioned that actual results may vary from the forward-looking information in 
this report, and undue reliance should not be placed on such forward-looking information.  
Risk factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking 
information in this report, are described under the heading “Risks and Uncertainties”.  
Material factors and assumptions used to develop the forward-looking information in this 
report, include volatility in the selling prices for lumber, logs and wood chips; the 
Company’s ability to compete on a global basis; the availability and cost of log supply; 
natural or man-made disasters; currency exchange rates; changes in government 
regulations; the availability of the Company’s allowable annual cut (“AAC”); claims by and 
treaty settlements with Indigenous peoples; the Company’s ability to export its products; 
the softwood lumber dispute between Canada and the U.S.; stumpage fees payable to the 
Province of British Columbia (“B.C.”); environmental impacts of the Company’s operations; 
labour disruptions; cyber-security measures; and the assumptions described under the 
heading “Critical Accounting Estimates” herein.   

Unless otherwise indicated, the forward-looking statements in this report are based on the 
Company’s expectations at the date of this report.  Interfor undertakes no obligation to 
update such forward-looking information or statements, except as required by law. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

9 

____________________ 

Overview of Fourth Quarter, 2017 

Q4’17 Results 

Interfor recorded net earnings in Q4’17 of $36.2 million, or $0.52 per share, compared to 
$16.8 million, or $0.24 per share in Q3’17 and $26.6 million, or $0.38 per share in Q4’16.  
Adjusted net earnings in Q4’17 were $45.1 million or $0.64 per share, compared to $20.0 
million, or $0.29 per share in Q3’17 and $17.7 million, or $0.25 per share in Q4’16. 

Adjusted EBITDA was a record $89.5 million on sales of $532.8 million in Q4’17 versus 
$60.5 million on sales of $489.2 million in Q3’17. 

For the year, net earnings were $97.2 million, or $1.39 per share, compared to $65.6 
million or $0.94 per share in 2016.  Adjusted EBITDA and sales were both records at $287.8 
million and $2.0 billion, respectively. 

Notable items in the quarter included: 

  Strong Lumber Prices 

o  The key benchmark prices improved quarter-over-quarter with the SYP Composite, 

Western SPF Composite and KD H-F Stud 2x4 9’ increasing by US$30, US$35 and 
US$4 per mfbm, respectively.  Interfor’s average lumber selling price increased $39 
from Q3’17 to a record $650 per mfbm on 686 million board feet of lumber sales.     

 

Increased Production 

o  Total lumber production was 655 million board feet or 10 million board feet more 

than the prior quarter.  Production in the U.S. South region increased to 296 million 
board feet from 281 million board feet in the preceding quarter.  The B.C. and U.S. 
Northwest regions accounted for 219 million board feet and 140 million board feet, 
respectively, compared to 225 million board feet and 139 million board feet in Q3’17, 
respectively.   

  Significant Cash Flow 

o 

Interfor generated $83.4 million of cash from operations before changes in working 
capital, or $1.19 per share, plus a $3.3 million reduction in working capital, for total 
cash generated from operations of $86.7 million. 

o  Capital spending was $25.0 million on a mix of high-return discretionary, 

maintenance and woodlands projects. 

o  Net debt ended the quarter at $119.3 million, or 12.3% of invested capital. 

  Tax Reform Impact 

o  The U.S. tax reform enacted in December 2017 reduced the effective tax rate on 
Interfor’s U.S. operations from approximately 37% to 24%.  As a result, Q4’17 
deferred tax expense includes a $2.9 million recovery related to the preceding three 
quarters of 2017.  The Company continues to have significant tax loss carry-
forwards, with US$132.4 million and $66.7 million available as at December 31, 
2017 in the U.S. and Canada, respectively.  

Strategic Capital Plan  

 

Interfor continues to make progress on its multi-year strategic capital plan that involves 
a number of discretionary projects designed to capture the opportunities within its 
current operating platform and to pursue opportunities for further growth.    

 
 
 
 
 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

10 

____________________ 

  The previously announced large scale projects at the Company’s Meldrim and Monticello 
sawmills, which represent a total investment of approximately US$65 million, are on 
track for completion in Q1’19.  These two projects are designed to add annual lumber 
production capacity of approximately 150 million board feet and enhance operating 
margins at these operations.  Positive progress on a series of smaller debottlenecking 
and optimization projects is also being made. 

  Other large capital projects to enhance existing operations are continuing to be 

advanced from an engineering and feasibility standpoint and will be sequenced after the 
Meldrim and Monticello projects.  These projects will be subject to Board approval in the 
normal course.  

  Assessment of the greenfield sawmill opportunity in the Central Region of the U.S. South 
continues with a decision on the project expected by mid-2018.  This sawmill would 
produce in excess of 200 million board feet of lumber per year for an estimated total 
cost, including working capital and start-up costs, of approximately US$115 million. 

Softwood Lumber Duties 

 

 

 

In Q4’17, the U.S. Department of Commerce announced amended final rates for 
countervailing and anti-dumping duties of 14.19% and 6.04% on softwood lumber 
shipments from Canada, down from the preliminary rates set in Q2’17 of 19.88% and 
6.87%, respectively.  In addition, negative findings were made in respect of critical 
circumstances for both countervailing and anti-dumping duties.  To reflect lower 
amended final rates set for U.S. countervailing and anti-dumping duties, Interfor 
recorded a $3.7 million reduction to duties expense in Q4’17 relating to shipments in 
Q2’17 and Q3’17.   

In Q4’17, Interfor shipped approximately 109 million board feet from its Canadian 
operations to the U.S. market, which represented approximately 16% of the Company’s 
total lumber sales.       

Interfor is of the view that these duties imposed by the U.S. are without merit and are 
politically driven.  Interfor will continue to work with the B.C. and Canadian governments 
to vigorously defend Canada’s position through various appeal processes. 

Executive Appointments Announced 

At its meeting earlier today, the Company’s Board of Directors confirmed the appointments 
of Ian Fillinger as Senior Vice-President & Chief Operating Officer, and Marty Juravsky as 
Senior Vice-President & Chief Financial Officer, effective February 9, 2018.  Fillinger, who is 
49, joined Interfor in 2005 as General Manager of the Company’s Adams Lake Division and 
has served in a series of increasingly responsible positions since that time.  He was 
appointed Senior Vice-President & Head of Operations with responsibility for all of the 
Company’s operations and capital project activities in December 2015.  Juravsky, who is 54, 
and a CPA, CA, joined Interfor in 2012 in a consulting capacity and took formal 
responsibility for the Company’s corporate development activities in 2013.  He has more 
than twenty years of experience working with some of North America’s largest investment 
banks including Salomon Brothers/Citigroup and National Bank Financial.  Immediately prior 
to his appointment, Juravsky served as the Company’s Senior Vice-President, Corporate 
Development & Strategy. 

 
 
   
Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

11 

____________________ 

Outlook 

Interfor expects demand for lumber to continue to grow over the mid-term as the U.S. 
housing market recovers and market promotion efforts in North America and offshore take 
full effect.   In addition, the Company is focused on a multi-year strategic capital plan across 
its operations in both the U.S. and Canada that should contribute to Interfor’s financial 
results. 

Interfor’s strategy of maintaining a diversified portfolio of lumber operations allows the 
Company to both reduce risk and maximize returns on invested capital over the business 
cycle.  Interfor will continue its disciplined approach to production, cost control, inventory 
management and capital spending.  At the same time, Interfor will remain alert to growth 
opportunities to position the Company for long term success. 

Financial and Operating Highlights (1)   

Financial Highlights(2) 
Total sales 

Lumber 

Logs, residual products and other 

Operating earnings (loss) 

Net earnings (loss) 

Net earnings (loss) per share, basic 
Adjusted net earnings (loss)(3) 
Adjusted net earnings (loss) per share, 

basic(3) 
Adjusted EBITDA(3) 
Adjusted EBITDA margin(3) 

Total assets 

Total debt 
Net debt to invested capital(3) 

Operating Highlights 

Lumber production 

Total lumber sales 

     Lumber sales - Interfor produced 
     Lumber sales - wholesale and    

commission 

Lumber - average selling price(4) 

For the three months ended 

Dec. 31,  Dec. 31,  Sep. 30, 

For the year ended Dec. 31 

Unit 

2017 

2016 

2017 

2017 

2016 

2015 

$MM 

$MM 

$MM 

$MM 

$MM 

$/share 

$MM 

$/share 

$MM 

% 

$MM 

$MM 

% 

million fbm 

million fbm 

million fbm 

million fbm 

$/thousand 
fbm 

532.8  

446.0  

442.3  

363.5  

489.2  

1,990.1  

1,792.7  

1,687.4  

410.2  

1,679.4  

1,458.3  

1,361.2  

86.8  

47.9  

36.2  

0.52  

45.1  

0.64  

78.8  

22.3  

26.6  

0.38  

17.7  

0.25  

79.0  

28.3  

16.8  

0.24  

20.0  

0.29  

310.7  

149.3  

97.2  

1.39  

116.5  

334.4  

326.2  

75.9  

65.6  

0.94  

58.7  

(35.9) 

(30.4) 

(0.44) 

(18.9) 

1.66  

0.84  

(0.27) 

89.5  

51.3  

60.5  

287.8  

199.6  

16.8% 

11.6% 

12.4% 

14.5% 

11.1% 

91.7  

5.4% 

 1,353.0  

 1,301.6  

 1,296.3  

 1,353.0  

 1,301.6  

 1,389.8  

 250.9  

 308.8  

 249.6  

 250.9  

 308.8  

 468.8  

12.3% 

26.9% 

17.9% 

12.3% 

26.9% 

38.4% 

 655  

 686  

 666  

 20  

 607  

 619  

 598  

 21  

 645  

 671  

 650  

 21  

 2,595  

 2,677  

 2,594  

 2,490  

 2,561  

 2,469  

 2,497  

 2,652  

 2,544  

 83  

 92  

 108  

 650  

 588  

 611  

 627  

 570  

 513  

Average USD/CAD exchange rate(5) 
Closing USD/CAD exchange rate(5) 

1 USD in CAD 

1 USD in CAD 

1.2713 

1.2545 

1.3341 

1.3427 

1.2528 

1.2480 

1.2986 

1.2545 

1.3248 

1.3427 

1.2787 

1.3840 

Notes:

(1)  Figures in this table may not equal or sum to figures presented elsewhere due to rounding. 
(2)  Financial information presented for interim periods in this MD&A is prepared in accordance with IFRS and is 

unaudited. 

(3)  Refer to the Non-GAAP Measures section of this MD&A for definitions and reconciliations of these measures to 

figures reported in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.   

(4)  Gross sales before duties. 
(5)  Based on Bank of Canada foreign exchange rates. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                                                                     
 
 
 
 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

12 

____________________ 

Summary of Fourth Quarter 2017 Financial Performance 

Sales 

Interfor recorded $532.8 million of total sales, up 20.5% from $442.3 million in the fourth 
quarter of 2016, driven by the sale of 686 million board feet of lumber at an average price 
of $650 per mfbm.  Lumber sales volume increased 67 million board feet, or 10.8%, while 
average selling price increased $62 per thousand board feet, or 10.6%, as compared to the 
same quarter of 2016. 

The increase in the average selling price of lumber reflects significantly higher prices across 
all benchmark products in Q4’17 as compared to Q4’16.  The Western SPF Composite 
improved by US$134 to US$439 per mfbm, while the KD HF Stud 2x4 9’ benchmark and the 
Southern Pine Composite improved US$87 to US$405 per mfbm and US$23 to US$416 per 
mfbm, respectively.  The positive impact of increased U.S. Dollar lumber prices was 
somewhat reduced by the strengthening of the Canadian Dollar against the U.S. Dollar by 
4.7% on average in Q4’17 as compared to Q4’16.      

Sales generated from logs, residual products and other increased by $8.0 million or 10.2% 
compared to the same quarter of 2016.  Increased availability of surplus logs and higher 
chip volumes resulted from increased log and lumber production as compared to Q4’16.  

Operations 

Production costs increased by $45.8 million, or 12.0% over Q4’16, explained primarily by an 
increase of 67 million board in lumber sales volume and higher average log costs in the U.S. 
Northwest, somewhat offset by the stronger Canadian Dollar in Q4’17 compared to Q4’16. 

Lumber production of 655 million board feet in Q4’17 was 48 million board feet higher than 
Q4’16, which supported the sales volume growth.   

Production from the Company’s nine U.S. South sawmills totaled 296 million board feet in 
Q4’17, up 36 million board feet compared to Q4’16, as the Company increased operating 
schedules at several of the mills.   

Canadian production totaled 219 million board feet in Q4’17, up 10 million board feet as 
compared to Q4’16, primarily in the B.C. Interior where productivity was impacted by 
winter-related issues in Q4’16. 

Production from the Company’s U.S. Northwest operations totaled 140 million board feet in 
Q4’17, representing an increase of 3 million board feet from Q4’16.   

U.S. countervailing (“CV”) and anti-dumping (“AD”) duty deposits are levied on Interfor’s 
shipments of softwood lumber from Canada into the U.S.  Q4’17 charges of $1.9 million 
represent an expense for AD duties, net of an adjustment of $4.2 million to correct the 2017 
duty expense to the amended final CV and AD duty rates of 14.19% and 6.04%, 
respectively.  CV duties ceased in August, 2017, and did not resume again until December 
28, 2017.  AD duties were applicable throughout Q4’17 except for one day in December. 

Depreciation of plant and equipment was $19.2 million, an increase of $0.7 million over 
Q4’16, mostly as a result increased operating hours partially offset by the stronger average 
Canadian Dollar.  Depletion and amortization of timber, roads and other was $11.9 million, 
up $4.1 million from Q4’16, as a result of increased conventional logging on the B.C. Coast 
as compared to Q4’16 which was impacted by winter storms. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

13 

____________________ 

Corporate and Other 

Selling and administration expenses were $14.0 million, up $4.4 million from Q4’16.  The 
fourth quarter, 2017, included an incremental accrual for short term incentive compensation 
and certain IT project and improvement costs.   

The $3.1 million long term incentive compensation expense mostly reflects the impact of a 
6.8% increase in the market price for Interfor Common Shares during the quarter.  The 
Q4’16 long term incentive compensation expense of $0.2 million is due primarily to the 
vesting of awards in the quarter. 

Restructuring charges of $7.4 million in Q4’17 relate to impairment charges on operating 
equipment to be replaced in conjunction with planned capital projects in the U.S. South in 
2018.  In Q4’16, the Company recorded $1.2 million in impairment charges on surplus 
equipment, $0.6 million in costs associated with the closure of the Tacoma sawmill, and 
$0.5 million for the settlement of a defined benefit pension plan. 

Finance costs decreased to $3.1 million in Q4’17 from $4.1 million in the fourth quarter, 
2016 as a result of a reduced average debt level. 

Other foreign exchange gains of $0.4 million in Q4’17 and $1.1 million in Q4’16 resulted 
primarily from unrealized gains on short-term intercompany funding. 

Other income in Q4’17 decreased by $15.5 million as compared to Q4’16, primarily as the 
result of the sale of the Tacoma sawmill property which completed on November 30, 2016. 

Income Taxes 

The Company recorded an income tax expense of $8.0 million in Q4’17, comprised of $0.4 
million of current income taxes and $7.6 million of deferred tax expense.  Tax legislation 
enacted in the U.S. at the end of 2017 substantially reduced the federal U.S. corporate tax 
rate applicable to years after 2017.  As a result, Interfor recorded deferred income tax 
expense in respect of its U.S. operations at an income tax rate of 24% (2016 - 37.37%) in 
Q4’17.  Under pre-U.S. tax reform rates, the deferred income tax expense for Q4’17 would 
have been $1.8 million higher.  In addition, Interfor recorded a deferred income tax 
recovery of $2.9 million in Q4’17 for the preceding three quarters previously recognized at a 
higher rate.   

Net Earnings  

The Company recorded Net earnings of $36.2 million or $0.52 per share, compared to Net 
earnings of $26.6 million or $0.38 per share in the comparable period, 2016.  Adjusted net 
earnings were $45.1 million or $0.64 per share compared with $17.7 million or $0.25 per 
share in Q4’16.   

Summary of 2017 Financial Performance 

Sales 

Interfor recorded $2.0 billion in total sales, up 11.0% from $1.8 billion in 2016, driven by 
the sale of 2.7 billion board feet of lumber at an average price of $627 per mfbm.  Lumber 
sales volume increased 116 million board feet, or 4.5%, while average selling price 
increased $57 per thousand board feet, or 10.1%, as compared to 2016. 

Sales volume was up in 2017 as a result of returning to more normal shift schedules in the 
U.S. South following temporary reductions taken for capital and business optimization 
projects at several mills in 2016. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

14 

____________________ 

The increase in the average selling price of lumber reflects significantly higher prices across 
all benchmark products in 2017 as compared to 2016.  The Western SPF Composite 
improved by US$95 to US$390 per mfbm, while the KD HF Stud 2x4 9’ benchmark and the 
Southern Pine Composite improved US$56 to US$391 per mfbm and US$27 to US$409 per 
mfbm, respectively.  The positive impact of increased U.S. Dollar lumber prices was 
somewhat reduced by the strengthening of the Canadian Dollar against the U.S. Dollar by 
2.0% on average in 2017 as compared to 2016.      

Sales generated from logs, residual products and other decreased by $23.7 million, or 7.1% 
compared to 2016 due to reduced availability of surplus logs and lower chip prices in 2017. 

Operations 

Production costs increased by $82 million or 5.3% as compared to 2016, explained primarily 
by the 4.5% increase in lumber sales volume and higher log costs on average at the 
Company’s B.C. Interior and U.S. Northwest operations somewhat offset by a stronger 
Canadian Dollar on average.   

Lumber production of 2.6 billion board feet in 2017 was 105 million board feet higher than 
in 2016.   

Production from the Company’s nine U.S. South sawmills totaled 1.2 billion board feet in 
2017, up 113 million board feet compared to 2016, as a result of returning to more normal 
shift schedules in the U.S. South following temporary reductions taken for capital and 
business optimization projects at several mills in 2016.  

Canadian production totaled 875 million board feet in 2017, down 2 million board feet as 
compared to 2016.  Production from the Company’s U.S. Northwest operations totaled 564 
million board feet in 2017, for a decline of 6 million board feet from 2016.   

CV and AD duty deposits totalled $18.6 million in 2017, reflecting CV and AD amended final 
duty rates of 14.19% and 6.04%, respectively, on Interfor’s shipments of softwood lumber 
from Canada into the U.S.  CV duties were in effect from April 28, 2017 through August, 26, 
2017, and resumed again on December 28, 2017.  AD duties were in effect from June 30, 
2017 through December 26, 2017, and resumed again on December 28, 2017.   

Depreciation of plant and equipment was $77.6 million, up 2.0% from 2016 due to 
increased operating hours partially offset by the stronger average Canadian Dollar.  
Depletion and amortization of timber, roads and other was $38.6 million, up 10.6% as 
compared with 2016, as a result of increased conventional logging on the B.C. Coast as 
compared to 2016.  

Corporate and Other 

Selling and administration expenses were $50.8 million, up $7.7 million from 2016.  2017 
included an incremental accrual for short term incentive compensation, certain IT project 
and improvement costs, and costs related to the softwood lumber dispute not reflected in 
the 2016 comparative. 

The $13.0 million long term incentive compensation expense in 2017 mainly reflects a 
40.5% increase in the market price of Interfor Common Shares over the same period, 
coupled with the impact of incentive awards maturing.  The $4.6 million long term incentive 
compensation expense in 2016 resulted from an increase of 7.6% in the market price of 
Interfor Common Shares over the same period, coupled with the impact of incentive awards 
maturing. 

 
 
 
 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

15 

____________________ 

In 2017, the Company recognized restructuring charges of $9.2 million, related primarily to 
the settlement of various human resource matters and a $7.0 million impairment charge on 
operating equipment to be replaced in conjunction with planned capital projects in the U.S. 
South in 2018.  In 2016, Interfor recorded restructuring charges of $4.3 million for the 
Tacoma site and $3.0 million related to a number of costs, the most significant of which was 
a $1.2 million impairment charge on surplus equipment.  

Finance costs decreased to $14.0 million from $18.6 million in 2016 as a result of lower 
average levels of debt outstanding in 2017 as compared to 2016, together with the impact 
of a stronger Canadian Dollar.   

Other foreign exchange losses of $2.0 million in 2017 and gains of $1.5 million in 2016 are 
comprised primarily of foreign exchange movements on short term intercompany funding.   

Other expense of $2.0 million in 2017 is comprised of the disposal of surplus equipment.  
Other income of $14.1 million in 2016 is comprised primarily of a gain on the sale of the 
Tacoma sawmill property which completed on November 30, 2016. 

Income Taxes 

The Company recorded an income tax expense of $34.1 million in 2017, comprised of $1.1 
million of current income taxes and $33.1 million in deferred income tax expense.   Tax 
legislation enacted in the U.S. at the end of 2017 substantially reduced the federal U.S. 
corporate tax rate applicable to years after 2017.  As a result, Interfor recorded deferred 
income tax expense in respect of its U.S. operations at an income tax rate of 24% (2016 - 
37.37%).  Under pre-U.S. tax reform rates, the deferred income tax expense for 2017 
would have been $4.7 million higher.   

Net Earnings 

The Company recorded Net earnings of $97.2 million or $1.39 per share, compared to Net 
earnings of $65.6 million or $0.94 per share in 2016.  Adjusted net earnings were $116.5 
million or $1.66 per share in 2017 compared with Adjusted net earnings of $58.7 million or 
$0.84 per share in 2016.   

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

16 

____________________ 

Summary of Quarterly Results(1)  

Unit 

Q4 

Q3 

Q2 

Q1 

Q4 

Q3 

Q2 

Q1 

2017 

2016 

Financial Performance(2) 
Total sales 

Lumber 

Logs, residual products and other 

Operating earnings 

Net earnings 

Net earnings per share, basic 
Adjusted net earnings(3) 
Adjusted net earnings per share,    

basic(3) 

Adjusted EBITDA(3) 
Shares outstanding - end of period 

$MM 

$MM 

$MM 

$MM 

$MM 

$/share 

$MM 

$/share 

$MM 

million 

Shares outstanding - weighted average  million 

Operating Performance 

Lumber production 

Total lumber sales 

     Lumber sales - Interfor produced 
     Lumber sales - wholesale and 

commission 

Lumber - average selling price(4) 

Average USD/CAD exchange rate(5) 

Closing USD/CAD exchange rate(5) 

million fbm 

million fbm 

million fbm 

million fbm 

$/thousand 
fbm 

1 USD in 
CAD 
1 USD in 
CAD 

Notes: 

532.8  

489.2  

511.4  

456.8  

442.3  

457.6  

458.8  

433.9  

446.0  

410.2  

433.7  

389.6  

363.5  

374.8  

371.1  

348.9  

86.8  

47.9  

36.2  

0.52  

45.1  

79.0  

28.3  

16.8  

0.24  

20.0  

77.7  

42.7  

24.5  

0.35  

28.7  

67.2  

30.4  

19.7  

0.28  

22.7  

78.8  

22.3  

26.6  

0.38  

17.7  

82.8  

20.1  

15.1  

0.22  

20.7  

87.7  

30.0  

23.2  

0.33  

17.5  

85.0  

3.5  

0.8  

0.01  

2.7  

0.64  

0.29  

0.41  

0.32  

0.25  

0.30  

0.25  

0.04  

89.5  

70.0  

70.0  

60.5  

70.0  

70.0  

77.4  

70.0  

70.0  

60.3  

70.0  

70.0  

51.3  

70.0  

70.0  

58.1  

70.0  

70.0  

56.9  

70.0  

70.0  

33.4  

70.0  

70.0  

655  

686  

666  

20  

645  

671  

650  

21  

655  

675  

654  

21  

640  

645  

624  

21  

607  

619  

598  

21  

628  

647  

627  

20  

637  

658  

634  

24  

618  

637  

609  

28  

650  

611  

642  

604  

588  

580  

564  

548  

1.2713  1.2528  1.3449  1.3238  1.3341  1.3050  1.2886  1.3732 

1.2545  1.2480  1.2977  1.3322  1.3427  1.3117  1.3009  1.2971 

(1)  Figures in this table may not equal or sum to figures presented elsewhere due to rounding. 
(2)  Financial information presented for interim periods in this MD&A is prepared in accordance with IFRS and is 

unaudited. 

(3)  Refer to the Non-GAAP Measures section of this MD&A for definitions and reconciliations of these measures to 

figures reported in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.   

(4)  Gross sales before duties. 
(5)  Based on Bank of Canada foreign exchange rates. 

The Company’s quarterly financial trends are most impacted by seasonality, levels of lumber 
production, log costs, market prices for lumber and the USD/CAD foreign currency exchange 
rate. 

Logging operations are seasonal due to a number of factors including weather, ground 
conditions and fire season closures.  Generally, production from the Company’s B.C. Coastal 
logging operations is relatively low in the second half of the fourth quarter and the first half 
of the first quarter due to the impact of winter storms.  Logging activity in the B.C. Interior 
is typically reduced during the annual spring break-up.  Sawmill operations are dependent 
on the availability of logs from our logging operations and our suppliers.  In addition, the 
market demand for lumber and related products is generally lowest in the winter season due 
to reduced construction and renovation activities.   

Severe weather conditions impacted B.C. Coastal log production and lumber production at 
certain sawmills in B.C. and the U.S. Northwest in Q4’16 and Q1’17 and in the U.S. South in 
Q3’17.  Countervailing and anti-dumping duties imposed on Canadian lumber shipments to 
the U.S. affected results subsequent to Q1’17.   

 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

17 

____________________ 

The volatility of the Canadian Dollar against the U.S. Dollar also impacted results.  A 
stronger Canadian Dollar decreases the lumber sales realizations of Canadian operations, all 
else equal, and decreases net earnings of U.S. operations when translated to Canadian 
Dollars.   

Liquidity 

Balance Sheet 

Interfor strengthened its financial position throughout 2017, with strong cash flow 
generated from operations used to repay debt and fund capital projects.  Net debt at 
December 31, 2017 was $119.3 million, or 12.3% of invested capital, representing a 
decrease of $170.3 million from the level of net debt at December 31, 2016.   

A strengthening of the Canadian Dollar against the U.S. Dollar by 6.6%, contributed $17.7 
million to the net debt reduction in 2017 over 2016 as all debt held was denominated in 
U.S. Dollars.   

Thousands of Dollars 

Net debt 

Net debt, period opening, CAD 

Net drawing (repayment) on credit facilities, CAD 
Impact on U.S. Dollar denominated debt from (strengthening)  
     weakening CAD 

For the three months ended 

For the year ended 

Dec. 31, 

Dec. 31, 

Sep. 30, 

Dec. 31, 

Dec. 31, 

2017 

2016 

2017 

2017 

2016 

$177,787   $346,929   $218,252   $289,551   $452,303  

 (1) 

 (66,178) 

 2  

 (40,217) 

(143,882) 

 1,301  

 9,678  

 (9,942) 

 (17,704) 

 (16,056) 

Increase in cash and cash equivalents, CAD 

 (59,787) 

 (878) 

 (30,525) 

(112,330) 

 (2,814) 

Net debt, period ending, CAD 

$119,300  

$289,551  

$177,787  

$119,300  

$289,551  

Net debt components by currency 

U.S. Dollar debt, period opening, USD 

Net repayment on credit facilities, USD 

U.S. Dollar debt, period ending, USD 

Spot rate, period end 

U.S. Dollar debt expressed in CAD 

Cash and cash equivalents, CAD 

Net debt, period ending, CAD 

$200,000   $274,709   $200,000   $230,000   $338,699  

 -   

 (44,709) 

 -   

 (30,000) 

(108,699) 

$200,000   $230,000   $200,000  

 200,000  

 230,000  

 1.2545  

 1.3427  

 250,900  

 308,821  

(131,600) 

 (19,270) 

$119,300  

$289,551  

As at December 31, 2017, the Company had net working capital of $257.1 million and 
available liquidity of $443.8 million, including cash and borrowing capacity on operating and 
term line facilities.   

On May 12, 2017, the Company extended the maturity of its U.S. Operating Line from May 1, 
2018 to May 1, 2019, with no other significant changes.  On September 15, 2017, the 
Company extended the maturity of its Operating Line and Revolving Term Line from May 19, 
2019 to September 15, 2021 with an additional borrowing margin and stand-by fee tier, 
reducing the cost for both drawn and undrawn amounts.  There were no other significant 
changes.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

18 

____________________ 

These resources, in addition to cash generated from operations, will be used to support 
working capital requirements, debt servicing commitments and capital expenditures.  We 
believe that Interfor will have sufficient liquidity to fund operating and capital requirements 
for the foreseeable future.  

Cash Flow from Operating Activities 

The Company generated $273.9 million of cash flow from operations before changes in 
working capital in 2017, or a $81.3 million increase over 2016, driven by significant 
improvements in lumber sales margins and volumes, and slightly offset by a strengthened 
Canadian Dollar and countervailing and anti-dumping duties.  In 2016, incremental cash 
flow generated from increased sales margins coupled with the weaker Canadian Dollar and 
elimination of export taxes were slightly offset by a reduction in sales volumes. 

There was a net cash inflow from operations after changes in working capital of $258.2 
million in 2017, with $15.7 million of cash used in operating working capital.  In 2016, 
$199.3 million of cash was generated from operations with $6.7 million of total cash 
generated from operating working capital.   

Cash Flow from Investing Activities 

Investing activities totaled $91.1 million in 2017, net of $3.6 million in proceeds on the 
disposal of property, plant and equipment and investments.  Spending included $62.7 
million for property, plant and equipment, timber licenses and other intangibles, and $32.2 
million for development of roads.  Discretionary mill improvements totalled $25.4 million in 
2017, of which the majority was spent on U.S. South operations.  Maintenance mill 
improvements of $37.3 million in 2017 include a number of projects in the U.S. South, the 
most significant of which was $5.0 million for completion of the kiln conversion project at 
the Company’s Preston sawmill in Georgia. 

In 2016, total investing activities of $36.2 million were net of $41.4 million in proceeds on 
the disposal of property, plant and equipment, resulting primarily from the monetization of 
the Tacoma sawmill property.  Spending included $52.1 million for property, plant and 
equipment, timber licenses and other intangibles, and $24.6 million for development of 
roads.  Discretionary improvements of $17.8 million during 2016 included $7.6 million for 
the finalization of the Castlegar sawmill rebuild.  Maintenance mill improvements of $34.3 
million during 2016 included $16.1 million for a kiln conversion project at the Company’s 
Preston sawmill.  

Cash Flow from Financing Activities 

Net repayments under the Company’s credit facilities were $40.2 million, as the Company 
utilized surplus cash generated from operations to reduce debt.  Cash used for financing 
activities totaled $53.3 million in 2017. 

In 2016, net repayments on the Company’s credit facilities were $143.9 million as the 
Company utilized surplus cash generated from operations and the proceeds from the 
Tacoma sawmill property sale to reduce debt.  Cash used for financing activities totaled 
$162.2 million in 2016.  

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

19 

____________________ 

Summary of Contractual Obligations 

The estimated cash payments due in respect of contractual and legal obligations as at 
December 31, 2017, including major capital improvements are summarized as follows:  

Payments due by Period 

Up to 

2-3 

4-5 

After 5 

Thousands of Canadian Dollars 

Total 

1 Year 

Years 

Years 

Years 

Trade accounts payable and accrued liabilities 

$141,013  

$141,013  

 $          -     $          -     $          -   

Income taxes payable 

Reforestation liability 

Long term debt 

Provisions and other liabilities 

Operating leases and capital commitments 

224  

 224  

 -   

 -   

 -   

42,550  

 12,873  

 13,112  

 7,580  

 8,985  

307,317  

 10,469  

 20,937  

 101,078  

 174,833  

44,278  

96,927  

11,226  

50,097  

8,041  

2,140  

20,459  

11,630  

22,871  

14,741  

Total obligations 

$632,309  

$225,902  

 $ 62,549  

$122,428  

$221,430  

Capital Resources 

The following table summarizes Interfor’s credit facilities and availability as of December 31, 
2017: 

   Revolving 

Senior 

U.S. 

Operating 

Line 

Term 

Line 

Secured  Operating 

Notes 

Line 

Total 

 $65,000  

 $200,000  

 $250,900  

 $62,725  

 $578,625  

 $65,000  

 $200,000  

 $250,900  

 $62,725  

 $578,625  

Thousands of Canadian Dollars 

Available line of credit 

Maximum borrowing available 

Less:  

Drawings 

Outstanding letters of credit included in line utilization 

 12,515  

 -   

 -   

 -   

250,900  

 -   

250,900  

 -   

 2,634  

 15,149  

Unused portion of facility 

 $52,485  

 $200,000  

 $           -   

 $60,091  

 312,576  

Add: Unrestricted cash and cash equivalents 

Available liquidity at December 31, 2017 

 131,263  

 $443,839  

As of December 31, 2017, the Company had commitments for capital expenditures totaling 
$27.3 million for both maintenance and discretionary capital projects.   

Transactions between Related Parties 

Other than transactions in the normal course of business with key management personnel, 
the Company had no transactions between related parties in the year ended December 31, 
2017.   

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements 

The Company has off-balance sheet arrangements which include letters of credit and surety 
performance and payment bonds, primarily for timber purchases.  At December 31, 2017, 
such instruments aggregated $41.0 million (December 31, 2016 - $45.7 million).  Off-
balance sheet arrangements have not had, and are not reasonably likely to have, any 
material impact on the Company’s current or future financial condition, results of operations 
or cash flows.   

 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

20 

____________________ 

Financial Instruments and Other Instruments 

From time to time, the Company employs financial instruments, such as interest rate swaps 
and foreign currency forward and option contracts, to manage exposure to fluctuations in 
interest rates and foreign exchange rates.  The Company also trades lumber futures from 
time-to-time to manage price risk.  The Company’s policy is not to use derivatives for 
trading or speculative purposes.  The risk management strategies and relationships are 
formally documented and assessed on a regular, ongoing basis to ensure derivatives are 
effective in offsetting changes in fair values or cash flows of hedged items. 

The counter-parties for all derivative contracts except lumber futures are the Company’s 
Canadian bankers who are highly-rated and, hence, the risk of credit loss on the 
instruments is mitigated.   

Lumber futures are traded through a well established financial services firm with a long 
history of providing trading, exchange and clearing services for commodities and foreign 
currencies.  As trading activities are closely monitored by senior management and restricted 
including a maximum number of outstanding contracts at any point in time, the risk of 
credit loss on these instruments is considered low. 

Interest Rate Swaps 

As at December 31, 2017, Interfor had no floating rate debt on its credit facilities and 
US$200,000,000 of fixed rate debt through the Senior Secured Notes. 

The Company’s facilities bear interest at the bank prime rate plus a premium, or, at the 
Company's option, at rates for Bankers' Acceptances for Canadian Dollar loans or at LIBOR 
for U.S. Dollar loans, in all cases dependent upon a financial ratio.  The Company’s Senior 
Secured Notes consist of Series A and Series B Senior Secured Notes (each US$50,000,000 
and bearing interest at 4.33% and 4.02%, respectively) and Series C Senior Secured Notes 
(US$100,000,000, bearing interest at 4.17%).   

In order to convert floating-rate interest expense to fixed-rate interest expense, the 
Company held two interest rate swaps, each with a notional value of US$25,000,000, at 
December 31, 2016.  Both interest rate swaps matured on February 27, 2017, and were not 
replaced.  

Based on the Company’s average debt level during 2017, the sensitivity of a 100 basis point 
increase in interest rates would result in an approximate decrease of $0.3 million in Net 
earnings. 

Foreign Currency  

The Company is exposed to currency risk on cash and cash equivalents, accounts 
receivable, accounts payable and provisions and long term debt that are denominated in a 
currency other than the respective functional currencies of the Company’s domestic and 
foreign operations, primarily Canadian and U.S. Dollars, but also the Euro, Sterling and Yen.  
The Company uses foreign currency exchange contracts to manage its currency risk from 
time to time.  The Company routinely assesses its foreign exchange exposure by reviewing 
outstanding contracts, pending order files and working capital denominated in foreign 
currencies. 

As at December 31, 2017, the Company had no outstanding foreign currency exchange 
contract obligations (2016 – nil).   

Unrealized gains and losses arising upon translation of net foreign currency investment 
positions in U.S. Dollar functional currency foreign operations, together with any gain or 

 
 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

21 

____________________ 

losses arising from hedges of those net investment positions, to the extent effective, are 
credited or charged to net change in unrealized foreign currency translation gains (losses) in 
the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.  Upon sale, reduction or substantial 
liquidation of an investment position, the previously recorded net unrealized gains (losses) 
thereon in the Translation reserve are reclassified to the Consolidated Statement of 
Earnings. 

As at December 31, 2017, the Company had designated the US$200.0 million drawn under 
its Senior Secured Notes as hedges against the net investment in its U.S. operations.   

The Company recorded a $28.9 million unrealized foreign exchange loss on translation of its 
U.S. operations with a U.S. Dollar functional currency, net of revaluations of debt 
designated as hedges against the net investment in U.S. operations, to Other 
comprehensive income in 2017 (2016 - $7.9 million loss).   

Lumber Futures 

To manage price risk, the Company also traded lumber futures which were designated as 
held for trading with changes in fair value recorded to Sales in Net earnings.  At December 
31, 2017, the Company recognized a gain of $254,000 (2016 - $nil) in Sales in respect of 
lumber futures contracts and $6,000 (2016 - $nil) in Trade accounts payable and other in 
respect of the fair value of outstanding contracts measured based on Level 2 of the fair 
value hierarchy. 

Outstanding Shares 

As of December 31, 2017, Interfor had 70,030,455 Common Shares issued and 
outstanding.  These shares are listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol IFP. 

Controls and Procedures 

The Company’s management, under the supervision of the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) 
and the Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), has evaluated the design and effectiveness of the 
Company’s disclosure controls and procedures.  Based on this evaluation, the CEO and CFO 
have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of 
December 31, 2017.   

The Company’s management, under the supervision of the CEO and CFO, has evaluated the 
design and effectiveness of the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting (“ICFR”) 
based on the criteria established within the 2013 COSO framework.  Based on this 
evaluation, the CEO and CFO have concluded that the Company’s ICFR were effective as of 
December 31, 2017.   

The CEO and CFO acknowledge responsibility for the design of ICFR and confirm that there 
were no changes in these controls that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2017, 
which materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s ICFR.   

Critical Accounting Estimates 

The Company’s financial statements include critical accounting estimates made by 
management.  Management is required to make various assumptions about matters that 
are highly uncertain at the time accounting estimates are made; the use of different 
assumptions could have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition and 
performance.  These critical accounting estimates are described below. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

22 

____________________ 

Valuation of Inventories.  Lumber inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net 
realizable value on a specific product basis.  Log inventories are valued at the lower of cost 
and net realizable value on a specific boom or sort basis.  The unit net realizable value for 
lumber inventories and for B.C. Coast log inventories is determined by reference to the 
average sales values by specific product in the period immediately following the reporting 
date.  The unit realizable value for B.C. Interior and U.S. log inventories is determined by 
reference to the value of the projected lumber and residual outturns.  The unit cost for 
lumber is based on a three month moving average cost, lagged by one month and adjusted 
for abnormal costs, as in the case of a curtailment.  The unit cost for B.C. Coast logs is 
based on a twelve month moving average cost lagged one month and for B.C. Interior logs 
is based on the three month moving average cost, both adjusted for abnormal costs.  The 
unit cost for U.S. logs is based on purchase cost.  The Company records a charge to 
operating earnings when net realizable value is lower than carrying value.  Downward 
movements in commodity prices could result in a material write-down of log and/or lumber 
inventories at any given time. 

Recoverability of Property, Plant and Equipment, Roads and Bridges, Timber licences, Other 
Intangible Assets, and Goodwill.  Interfor’s assessment of recoverability of property, plant 
and equipment, roads, bridges, timber licences and other intangible assets is made with 
reference to projections of future cash flows to be generated by its operations.  The 
assessment of recoverability of goodwill is also made with reference to projections of future 
cash flows to be generated by the related cash generating unit.  In both cases the projected 
cash flows are discounted to estimate the recoverable amount of the related assets.   

The Company conducts a review of external and internal sources of information to assess 
existence of any impairment indicators.  External factors include adverse changes in 
expected future prices, costs and other market and economic factors.  Internal factors 
include changes in the expected useful life of the asset or changes to the planned capacity 
of the asset.   

Key assumptions used are based on industry sources, including Forest Economic Advisors, 
LLC, as well as management estimates.  Assumptions encompass lumber and residual chip 
sales prices, applicable foreign exchange rates, operating rates of the assets, raw material 
and conversion costs, the level of sales to the U.S. from Canada, the countervailing duty 
and anti-dumping duty rates, future capital required to maintain the assets in their current 
operating condition, and other items.   

A high degree of uncertainty exists in these assumptions and, as such, any significant 
change in assumptions could result in a conclusion that the carrying value of these assets 
may not be recovered, which could necessitate a material charge against operating 
earnings. 

Appropriate discount rates are determined by reference to current market conditions, 
specific company factors and asset specific factors.  The inflation rates applied within the 
cash flow projections represent the published Bank of Canada consumer price index and the 
published Bureau of Labor Statistics consumer price index. 

Interfor assesses the recoverability of Property, Plant and Equipment, Roads and Bridges, 
Timber Licences and Other Intangible Assets whenever events or circumstances indicate 
that the carrying value may not be recoverable.  Goodwill is tested for impairment annually, 
and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that impairment may exist.  The 
Company assessed the recoverability of goodwill as at December 31, 2017 and concluded 
that there was no impairment. 

 
 
 
 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

23 

____________________ 

Reforestation and Other Forestry-related Liabilities.  Crown legislation requires the Company 
to complete reforestation activities on its forest and timber tenures.  Accordingly, Interfor 
records the estimated liability for reforestation as timber is cut, and includes these expenses 
in the cost of current production.  The estimate of future reforestation costs is based on 
detailed prescriptions of reforestation as prepared by Registered Professional Foresters 
employed or contracted by the Company.  Considerations include the specifics of the areas 
logged and the treatments prescribed for those areas, as well as the timing and success 
rates of the planned activities.  Estimates of reforestation liabilities could be materially 
impacted by forest fires, wildlife grazing, unfavourable weather conditions, changing 
legislative requirements and standards, or inaccurate projections, which could result in a 
material charge against operating earnings. 

The Company also has a legal obligation to deactivate certain roads constructed for access 
to timber, once that access is no longer required.  Accordingly, Interfor accrues the cost of 
road deactivation as related timber is cut, including those expenses in the cost of current 
production.  The estimate of future road deactivation cost is based on comprehensive plans 
prepared by Professional Foresters and Engineers employed by Interfor and includes such 
considerations as road structure and terrain.  Estimates of road deactivation liabilities could 
be materially impacted by unfavourable terrain, changing legislative requirements and 
standards, or inaccurate projections, which could result in a material charge against 
operating earnings.  Each of these estimates is reviewed regularly on an ongoing basis. 

Pension and Other Post-retirement Benefits.  The Company sponsors two defined benefit 
pension plans for those hourly employees not covered by forest industry union plans.  It 
also sponsors two post-retirement medical and life insurance plans and a non-contributory 
defined benefit pension plan for a former senior executive.   

The Company retains independent actuarial consultants to value the defined pension benefit 
obligations, the post-retirement medical and life insurance obligations and related plan 
asset values.  Actuarial assumptions used in the valuation of plan obligations and assets 
include assumptions for the discount rate used in calculations of net present value of 
obligations, expected rates of return on plan assets to be used to fund obligations, assumed 
rates of increase for employee compensation and health care costs, and mortality rates.  
Actual experience can vary materially from estimates and could result in a material charge 
against operating earnings as well as necessitate a current cash funding requirement. 

Income Taxes.  The Company’s provision for income taxes, both current and deferred, is 
based on various judgments, assumptions and estimates including the tax treatment of 
transactions recorded in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.  Interfor records 
provisions for income taxes based on the respective tax rules and regulations in the 
jurisdictions in which the Company operates.  Due to the number of variables associated 
with the judgments, assumptions and estimates, and differing tax rules and regulations 
across the multiple jurisdictions, the precision and reliability of the resulting estimates are 
subject to uncertainties and may change as additional information becomes known. 

Income tax assets and liabilities, both current and deferred, are measured according to the 
income tax legislation that is expected to apply when the asset is realized or the liability 
settled.   

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are comprised of the tax effect of temporary 
differences between the carrying amount and tax basis of assets and liabilities, tax loss 
carry forwards and tax credits.  Assumptions underlying the composition of deferred income 
tax assets and liabilities include estimates of future results of operations and the timing of 
the reversal of temporary differences as well as the tax rates and laws in the applicable 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

24 

____________________ 

jurisdictions at the time of the reversal.  The composition of deferred income tax assets and 
liabilities is reasonably likely to change from period to period due to the uncertainties 
surrounding these assumptions. 

Accounting Policy Changes 

The Company adopted the disclosure requirements in Disclosure Initiative (Amendments to 
IAS 7), which came into effect on January 1, 2017.  Consequently, the Company has 
provided additional disclosure in its financial statements in relation to the changes in 
borrowings arising from financing activities for the three months and year ended December 
31, 2017. 

A number of new standards, and amendments to existing standards and interpretations, 
were not yet effective for the year ended December 31, 2017, and have not been applied in 
preparing the Company’s consolidated financial statements.  The following pronouncements 
are considered by the Company to be the most significant of several pronouncements that 
may affect future financial statements: 

IFRS 9, Financial Instruments, will replace the multiple classification and measurement 
models in IAS 39, Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement, with a single model 
that has only two classification categories:  amortized cost and fair value.  IFRS 9 is 
effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018.   

IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, will replace all existing IFRS revenue 
requirements and is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018.   

Neither IFRS 9, nor IFRS 15 will have a significant impact on the Company’s financial 
statements. 

IFRS 16, Leases, eliminates the current dual accounting model for lessees, which 
distinguishes between on-balance sheet finance leases and off-balance sheet operating 
leases.  Under the new standard, operating leases become an on-balance sheet liability that 
attracts interest, together with a corresponding right-of-use asset, which will be 
depreciated.  Lease expense, which is currently recorded as a Production cost in the 
Statement of earnings, will be replaced by Depreciation and Finance costs.  In addition, 
lessees will recognize a front-loaded pattern of expense for most leases, even when cash 
rentals are constant.  IFRS 16 is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 
1, 2019, with earlier adoption permitted.  The Company has not yet completed an 
assessment of the impact of this standard on its financial statements. 

Non-GAAP Measures 

This MD&A makes reference to the following non-GAAP measures: Adjusted net earnings, 
Adjusted net earnings per share, EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, Net debt to invested capital 
and Operating cash flow per share (before working capital changes) which are used by the 
Company and certain investors to evaluate operating performance and financial position.  
These non-GAAP measures do not have any standardized meaning prescribed by IFRS and 
are therefore unlikely to be comparable to similar measures presented by other issuers.   

 
 
 
 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

25 

____________________ 

The following table provides a reconciliation of these non-GAAP measures to figures as 
reported in the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements (unaudited for interim 
periods) prepared in accordance with IFRS:  

Thousands of Canadian Dollars except number 
        of shares and per share amounts 

Adjusted Net Earnings (Loss) 
Net earnings (loss) 
Add: 
  Restructuring (recovery) costs and capital 

asset  write-downs 

  Other foreign exchange loss (gain) 
  Long term incentive compensation expense 
       (recovery) 
  Other (income) expense 
  Post closure wind-down costs and losses 
       (recoveries) 
  Income tax effect of above adjustments 
  Recognition of previously unrecognized    

deferred tax assets 
Adjusted net earnings (loss) 
Weighted average number of shares - basic 

('000) 

Adjusted net earnings (loss) per share 

Adjusted EBITDA 
Net earnings (loss) 
Add:  
  Depreciation of plant and equipment 
  Depletion and amortization of timber, roads  
       and other 
  Restructuring (recovery) costs and capital 

asset write-downs 

  Finance costs 
  Other foreign exchange loss (gain) 
  Income tax expense (recovery) 
EBITDA 
Add:  
  Long term incentive compensation expense 
       (recovery) 
  Other (income) expense 
  Post closure wind-down costs and losses      

(recoveries) 
Adjusted EBITDA 

Net debt to invested capital 
Net debt 
  Total debt 
  Cash and cash equivalents 
Total net debt 
Invested capital 
  Net debt 
  Shareholders' equity 
Total invested capital 
Net debt to invested capital(1) 

For the three months ended 
Sep. 30, 
2017 

Dec. 31, 
2016 

Dec. 31, 
2017 

For the year ended Dec. 31, 
2015 

2016 

2017 

 $36,196  

 $26,550  

 $16,778  

 $97,153  

 $65,643  

$(30,386) 

7,422  
(412) 

2,281  
(1,072) 

3,110  
995  

199  
(14,452) 

(21) 
1,353  

3,004  
347  

9,203  
2,035  

7,280  
(1,468) 

12,829  
1,651  

12,977  
1,987  

4,551  
(14,094) 

(5,431) 
(757) 

5  
(2,260) 

115  
4,895  

(39) 
(1,456) 

(21) 
(6,848) 

909  
2,008  

11,374  
(9,311) 

-  
 $45,056  

(769) 
 $17,747  

-  
 $19,966  

-  
 $116,486  

(6,171) 
 $58,658  

1,136  
 $(18,895) 

70,030  
 $0.64  

70,030  
 $0.25  

70,030  
 $0.29  

70,030  
 $1.66  

70,030  
 $0.84  

69,488  
 $(0.27) 

 $36,196  

 $26,550  

 $16,778  

 $97,153  

 $65,643  

$(30,386) 

19,217  

18,534  

18,836  

77,623  

76,092  

71,492  

11,879  

7,833  

10,435  

38,635  

34,895  

37,478  

7,422  
3,139  
(412) 
7,968  
85,409  

2,281  
4,074  
(1,072) 
7,236  
65,436  

(21) 
3,294  
1,353  
6,559  
57,234  

9,203  
14,030  
2,035  
34,136  
272,815  

7,280  
18,602  
(1,468) 
7,207  
208,251  

12,829  
17,569  
1,651  
(24,017) 
86,616  

3,110  
995  

199  
(14,452) 

3,004  
347  

12,977  
1,987  

4,551  
(14,094) 

(5,431) 
(757) 

5  
 $89,519  

115  
 $51,298  

(39) 
 $60,546  

(21) 
 $287,758  

909  
 $199,617  

11,291  
 $91,719  

$250,900  
(131,600) 
 $119,300  

$308,821  
(19,270) 
 $289,551  

$249,600  
(71,813) 
 $177,787  

$250,900  
(131,600) 
 $119,300  

$308,821  
(19,270) 
 $289,551  

$468,759  
(16,456) 
 $452,303  

$119,300  
854,188  

$289,551  
786,667  
$973,488  $1,076,218 
26.9% 

12.3% 

$177,787  
817,676  
 $995,463  
17.9% 

$119,300  
854,188  

$452,303  
725,254  
 $973,488   $1,076,218   $1,177,557  
38.4% 

$289,551  
786,667  

12.3% 

26.9% 

Operating cash flow per share (before working capital changes) 
Cash provided by operating activities 
Cash used in (generated from) operating 

 $86,749  

 $48,981  

 $60,977  

$258,224  

$199,272  

$101,377  

working capital 

(3,332) 

1,399  

(3,474) 

15,696  

(6,695) 

 (34,531) 

Operating cash flow (before working capital 

changes) 

 $83,417  

 $50,380  

 $57,503  

$273,920  

$192,577  

 $66,846  

Weighted average number of shares - basic 

('000) 

70,030  

70,030  

70,030  

70,030  

70,030  

69,488  

Operating cash flow per share (before 

working capital changes) 

 $1.19  

 $0.72  

 $0.82  

 $3.91  

 $2.75  

 $0.96  

Notes:  
(1)  Net debt to invested capital as of the period end. 

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

26 

____________________ 

Risks and Uncertainties 

The Company is exposed to many risks and uncertainties in conducting its business 
including, but not limited to the factors described below. 

Price Volatility 

The Company’s operating results are affected by fluctuations in the selling prices for lumber, 
logs and wood chips.  Prices are affected by such factors as the general level of economic 
activity in the markets in which the Company sells its products, interest rates, construction 
activity (in particular, housing starts in the United States, Canada, Japan and China), duty 
rates, and log and chip supply/demand relationships.  The Company’s financial results may 
be significantly affected by changes in the selling prices of its products. 

Competition 

The markets for the Company’s products are highly competitive on a global basis and 
producers compete primarily on the basis of price.  In addition, a majority of the Company’s 
lumber production is sold in markets where the Company competes against many producers 
of approximately the same or larger capacity.  Some of the Company’s competitors have 
greater financial resources and a number are, in certain product lines, lower-cost producers. 

Factors which affect the Company’s competitive position include: 

 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 

foreign currency exchange rates; 
the cost of labour; 
costs of harvesting or purchasing logs; 
the ability to secure a quality log supply matched to a sawmill’s requirements; 
the quality of its products and customer service; 
the ability to secure space on vessels for overseas shipments and on trucks and railcars 
for North American shipments; 
the existence and rate of duties payable on sales from Canada to the United States; and 
its ability to maintain high operating rates to leverage fixed manufacturing costs. 

If the Company is unable to successfully compete on a global basis, its financial condition 
could suffer. 

Availability and Cost of Log Supply 

The log requirements of the Company’s sawmills are met using logs harvested from its 
timber tenures, by long term trade and purchase agreements and by purchases on the open 
market and through timber sale bids.  Logs produced but unsuitable for use in the 
Company’s sawmills are either traded for suitable logs or sold on the open market.  
Operating at normal capacity, the Company’s Canadian sawmills generally purchase less 
than 40% of their log requirements either through purchase agreements or on the open 
market.  The Company relies almost entirely on purchased fibre through purchase 
agreements for its U.S. based sawmills.  As a result, fluctuations in the price, quality or 
availability of log supply can have a material effect on the Company’s business, financial 
position, results of operations and cash flow.  In addition, weather-related issues can 
restrict timely access to log supply. 

The Company relies on third-party independent contractors to harvest timber in areas over 
which it holds timber tenures.  Increases in rates charged by these independent contractors 
or the limited availability of these independent contractors may increase the Company’s 
timber harvesting costs. 

 
 
 
 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

27 

____________________ 

Additionally, in order to ensure uninterrupted access to logs harvested from its timber 
tenures in Canada, the Company must also focus on the continuous development of road 
networks.  This encompasses an integrated plan by foresters, engineers and logging 
operations personnel to identify future logging areas and develop the engineering for roads. 
The Company also relies on third-party independent contractors to construct roads in areas 
over which it holds timber tenures.  Increases in rates charged by these independent 
contractors or the limited availability of these independent contractors may increase the 
Company’s timber harvesting costs. 

The Company expects to fund its ongoing road development with cash generated from 
operations and through utilization of its existing credit facilities. 

Natural or Man-Made Disasters 

The Company’s operations are subject to adverse natural or man-made events such as 
forest fires, severe weather conditions, climate change, timber disease and insect 
infestation and earthquake activity.  These events could damage or destroy the Company’s 
physical facilities or timber supply and similar events could also affect the facilities of the 
Company’s suppliers or customers.  Any such damage or destruction could adversely affect 
the Company’s financial results due to decreased production output or increased operating 
costs.  Although management believes it has reasonable insurance arrangements in place to 
cover certain of such incidents, there can be no assurance that these arrangements will be 
sufficient to fully protect the Company against such losses.  As is common in the industry, 
the Company does not insure loss of standing timber for any cause. 

Currency Exchange Sensitivity 

The Company’s Canadian operations ordinarily sell approximately 80% of their lumber into 
export markets, with the majority of these sales denominated in U.S. Dollars and, to a 
lesser extent, in Japanese Yen.  While the Canadian operations also incur some U.S. Dollar–
denominated expenses, primarily for ocean freight and other transportation and for 
equipment operating leases, the majority of expenses are incurred in Canadian Dollars.  The 
Company’s operations in the United States transact primarily in U.S. Dollars.   

An increase in the value of the Canadian Dollar relative to the U.S. Dollar would reduce the 
amount of revenue in Canadian Dollars realized by the Company from lumber sales made in 
U.S. Dollars.  This would reduce the Company’s operating margin and the cash flow 
available to fund operations.  Consequently, a significant strengthening of the Canadian 
Dollar against the U.S. Dollar could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s 
business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.   

Government Regulation 

The Company’s operations are subject to extensive provincial, state, federal or other laws 
and regulations that apply to most aspects of its business activities.  Where applicable, the 
Company is required to obtain approvals, permits and licences for its operations as a 
condition to operate. 

From time to time, changes in government policy or regulation may impact the Company’s 
operations.  Until the details of all such changes are announced and implemented, the full 
impact of these changes on the Company’s production, costs, financial position and results 
of operations cannot be determined. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

28 

____________________ 

Allowable Annual Cut (“AAC”) 

The Company holds cutting rights in B.C. that represent an AAC of approximately of 3.46 
million cubic metres.  Of this amount, 3.41 million cubic metres is in the form of replaceable 
tenures (4 Tree Farm Licences and 27 Forest Licences).  The remaining portion is held in 
non-replaceable Timber Licences that will expire over time.   

The AAC is regulated by the Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations and 
is subject to a periodic Timber Supply Review process to make determinations that set 
harvesting rates for each tenure.  Many factors affect the AAC, such as timber inventory, 
operable land base, growth rates, regulations, forest health, land use and environmental 
and social considerations. 

In 2017, the B.C. Government formally set aside some additional area for conservation 
purposes in the Great Bear Rainforest Forest Management Area that affected some of the 
Company’s Timber Licences, triggering a claim for compensation in accordance with the 
Forest Act.  The Company and the Government have not agreed to a fair market value at 
this time.  In late 2017, the Company initiated arbitration proceedings, but is currently still 
in active negotiations with the Government.       

Regulatory changes made to meet new Ecosystem Based Management (“EBM”) 
requirements in the Central Coast of B.C. have also impacted the Company’s timber supply, 
and these are not compensable.  The AAC impact represents approximately a 6% reduction 
of the company’s timber supply in B.C.        

The amount of timber available for harvest in the south-central portion of the B.C. Interior 
is expected to decline over the next 10 years as the surplus of dead pine stands from the 
pine beetle epidemic become no longer useable.   A portion of Interfor’s tenures can expect 
some modest AAC declines over this period, though a material impact on our internal supply 
is not expected.   

Indigenous Peoples 

Indigenous peoples have claimed title and rights over substantial portions of B.C., including 
areas where the Company’s forest tenures are situated, creating uncertainty as to the 
status of competing property rights.  The Federal and Provincial governments have been 
seeking to negotiate settlements with Indigenous peoples throughout B.C. in order to 
resolve their rights and title claims.  In addition, the governments have entered, and may 
continue to enter, into interim measure (reconciliation) agreements with Indigenous 
peoples.  Any interim measures, agreements or settlements that may result from the treaty 
process may involve a combination of cash, resources, grants of conditional rights to 
resources on public lands and rights of self-government.  The impact of Indigenous peoples 
claims or treaty settlements on the Company’s forest tenures or the amounts of 
compensation to the Company, if any, cannot be estimated at this time. 

The courts have also established that the Crown has a duty to consult with Indigenous 
peoples and, where appropriate, accommodate their interests.  However, questions of 
responsibility and appropriateness of balancing interests will continue to evolve as the 
parties try to address these long-standing and complex issues.  The Government of B.C. has 
been working to improve the functional relationship between the Crown and Indigenous 
peoples prior to treaty settlement.  The Province of B.C. and some Indigenous peoples on 
the coast of B.C. have signed Reconciliation Protocols that provide a shared decision making 
process for resource and land use, as well as new forest sector opportunities.  These 
agreements overlap portions of the Company’s coastal tenures.  The agreements will be 
assessed and monitored in the years ahead to determine the extent of any implications on 
those operations. 

 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

29 

____________________ 

Softwood Lumber Trade 

The Company’s financial results are dependent upon continued access to the U.S. market 
for approximately 15% of the Company’s total lumber production that is manufactured in 
Canada and exported to the U.S.  Tariffs and other trade barriers that restrict or prevent 
access represent a continuing risk to the Company’s Canadian based operations.  

In October, 2016, the U.S. industry made a request to the U.S. Government to take trade 
action involving in the imposition of U.S. protective measures such as countervailing (“CV”) 
and anti-dumping (“AD”) duties leveled against Canadian softwood lumber producers.   

In Q2’17, the U.S. Department of Commerce (“DoC”) made preliminary duty rate 
determinations of 19.88% and 6.87% for CV and AD duties, respectively, for a combined 
total 26.75% applicable to Interfor.  In Q4’17, the DoC made a final determination on duties 
that lowered the combined rate to 20.83%, which it subsequently amended to 20.23%.  The 
U.S. International Trade Commission ruling that the U.S. industry was materially injured by 
Canada’s trade practices has set the stage for ongoing litigation.  The Government of 
Canada has indicated it will appeal the U.S. findings and defend itself vigorously against all 
claims of unfair trade practices made by the U.S.  As in previous trade cases, the softwood 
lumber dispute may take years to resolve through the legal process, and remains open to a 
negotiated settlement at any time.  

In 2017, Interfor paid $22.8 million to the U.S. in duties, which includes $4.2 million paid in 
excess of the amended final rates, which Interfor is seeking to recover following a 
successful appeal or through settlement.  It is unclear at this time when any duty amounts 
paid will be recovered or if amounts in excess of the amended final rates will be refunded.     

Stumpage Fees 

The Province of B.C. charges stumpage fees to companies that harvest timber from Crown 
land.  Stumpage payments for a harvesting area are based on a competitive market pricing 
system (“MPS”) that has been established for both the coast and interior regions of B.C. 

The stumpage system is complex and the subject of discussion involving, among other 
things, lumber trade agreements between Canada and the United States.  The primary 
variable in the MPS is log pricing established through open market bidding for standing 
timber.  In addition to bid prices, there are a number of operational and administrative 
factors that determine an individual stumpage rate for each cutting permit. 

Periodic changes in the Provincial government’s administrative policy can affect the market 
price for timber and the viability of individual logging operations.  There can be no 
assurance that future changes will not have a material impact on stumpage rates. 

Environment 

The Company has incurred, and will continue to incur, costs to minimize environmental 
impact, prevent pollution and for continuous improvement of its environmental 
performance.  The Company may discover currently unknown environmental problems or 
conditions relating to its past or present operations, or it may be faced with an unforeseen 
environmental liability in the future.  This may require site or other remediation costs to 
maintain compliance or correct violations of environmental laws and regulations or result in 
governmental or private claims for damage to person, property or the environment, which 
could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and results of 
operations. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

30 

____________________ 

Labour Disruptions 

Production disruptions resulting from walkouts or strikes by unionized employees could 
result in lost production and sales, which could have a material adverse impact on the 
Company’s business.  The Company believes that its current labour relations are stable and 
does not anticipate any related disruptions to its operations in the foreseeable future. 

The Company depends on a variety of third parties that employ unionized workers to 
provide critical services to the Company.  Labour disputes by these third parties could lead 
to disruptions at the Company’s facilities.  The Company’s Acorn, Hammond, Grand Forks, 
and Castlegar sawmill employees are members of the Canadian United Steelworkers union 
(“USW”).  The collective agreement with the Southern Interior USW agreement (Grand 
Forks and Castlegar) expires on June 30, 2018, while the USW agreement for the B.C. Coast 
(Acorn and Hammond) expires on June 14, 2019.  The Company also has 22 employees in 
the B.C. Interior who are members of the Canadian Marine Service Guild (“CMSG”).  The 
collective agreement with the CMSG expires September 30, 2019.   

In 2015, the Company acquired sawmills in Meldrim, Georgia and Longview, Washington 
where employees were represented by the American USW and the International Association 
of Machinist and Aerospace Workers (“IAM”), respectively.  The American USW at the 
Meldrim sawmill was decertified on April 28, 2016, while the IAM collective agreement 
expires on November 15, 2020. 

Information Systems Security 

The Company’s operations and administration are dependent on both internal and third-
party information technology (“IT”) systems.  The impact of a cyber-security breach or the 
non-availability of a key Company IT system could be significant, including but not limited 
to operational delays, financial loss, reputational damage or unauthorized access to 
confidential or sensitive information.  The Company’s Audit Committee, in conjunction with 
management, is responsible for reviewing cyber-security risks and ensuring that an effective 
risk management strategy is in place.  The Company has implemented controls, processes 
and practices to reduce its risk of a cyber-security breach and the impact on business 
continuity.  These include staying updated on the latest threats, threat agents and attack 
vectors, the use of firewall and monitoring software as well as regular system back-up 
protocols.  However, the nature of cyber threats continues to evolve and the Company’s 
exposure to this risk cannot be fully mitigated.  

Additional Information 

Additional information relating to the Company and its operations, including the Company’s 
Annual Information Form, can be found on its website at www.interfor.com and on SEDAR 
at www.sedar.com.   

 
 
 
31 

INTERFOR CORPORATION 

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

MANAGEMENT’S RESPONSIBILITY FOR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Management is responsible for the integrity and fair presentation of the accompanying 
consolidated financial statements.  The consolidated financial statements were prepared in 
accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards and, where necessary, are 
based in part on management’s best estimates and judgements.  Financial information 
included elsewhere in the 2017 Annual Report is consistent with that disclosed in the 
consolidated financial statements. 

Management maintains a system of internal accounting controls which it believes 
provides reasonable assurance that financial records are reliable and form a proper basis for 
preparation of financial statements.  The internal accounting control process includes 
communications to employees of Interfor’s standards for ethical business conduct. 

The Board of Directors is responsible for ensuring that management fulfills its 

responsibilities for financial reporting and internal controls.  The Board exercises this 
responsibility primarily through its Audit Committee, the members of which are neither 
officers nor employees of Interfor.  The Audit Committee meets periodically with 
management and the independent Auditors to satisfy itself that each group is properly 
discharging its responsibilities and to review the consolidated financial statements and the 
independent Auditors’ report thereon.  The Company’s independent Auditors have full and 
free access to the Audit Committee.  The Audit Committee reports its findings to the Board 
of Directors for consideration in approving the consolidated financial statements for issuance 
to the shareholders.  The Committee also makes recommendations to the Board with 
respect to the appointment and remuneration of the independent Auditors. 

The consolidated financial statements have been examined by the independent 

Auditors, KPMG LLP, whose report follows. 

“Duncan K.  Davies” 

“John A.  Horning” 

President and Chief Executive Officer 

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial 
Officer 

February 8, 2018 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
32 

KPMG LLP 
PO Box 10426, 777 Dunsmuir Street 
Vancouver, BC V7Y 1K3 
Canada 
Telephone (604) 691-3000 
Fax (604) 691-3031 

INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORT 

To the Shareholders of Interfor Corporation, 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated financial statements of Interfor 
Corporation, which comprise the consolidated statements of financial position as at 
December 31, 2017 and 2016, the consolidated statements of earnings, comprehensive 
income, changes in equity and cash flows for the years then ended, and notes, comprising a 
summary of significant accounting policies and other explanatory information. 

Management’s Responsibility for the Consolidated Financial Statements 

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these consolidated 
financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards, and for 
such internal control as management determines is necessary to enable the preparation of 
consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to 
fraud or error. 

Auditors’ Responsibility 

Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based 
on our audits.  We conducted our audits in accordance with Canadian generally accepted 
auditing standards.  Those standards require that we comply with ethical requirements and 
plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated 
financial statements are free from material misstatement. 

An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and 
disclosures in the consolidated financial statements.  The procedures selected depend on 
our judgment, including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the 
consolidated financial statements, whether due to fraud or error.  In making those risk 
assessments, we consider internal control relevant to the entity’s preparation and fair 
presentation of the consolidated financial statements in order to design audit procedures 
that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion 
on the effectiveness of the entity’s internal control.  An audit also includes evaluating the 
appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates 
made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated 
financial statements. 

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained in our audits is sufficient and 
appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion. 

KPMG LLP is a Canadian limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of 
independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG 
International”), a Swiss entity. KPMG Canada provides services to KPMG LLP. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
33 

Opinion 

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, 
the consolidated financial position of Interfor Corporation as at December 31, 2017 and 
2016, and its consolidated financial performance and its consolidated cash flows for the years 
then ended in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards. 

KPMG LLP (signed) 

Chartered Professional Accountants 

February 8, 2018 
Vancouver, Canada 

 
 
 
 
 
 
34 

Interfor Corporation 
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position 
(Expressed in thousands of Canadian Dollars) 
As at December 31, 2017 and 2016 

Assets 
Current assets: 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Trade accounts receivable and other 
Income tax receivable 
Inventories 
Prepayments and other 
Investments and other assets 

Employee future benefits 
Investments and other assets 
Property, plant and equipment 
Roads and bridges 
Timber licences 
Other intangible assets 
Goodwill 
Deferred income taxes 

Note 

December 31 
2017 

December 31 
2016 

8 

17 
4 

5 

20(d) 
5 
6 
7   
7 
7 
7 
17 

$  131,600 
112,470 
1,289 
165,156 
12,562 
- 
423,077 
502 
6,404 
670,830 
 24,092 
66,589 
14,170 
147,081 
251 

$ 

19,270 
95,059 
222 
154,535 
14,016 
2,911 
286,013 
2,471 
2,341 
730,981 
20,739 
69,273 
19,017 
156,502 
14,311 

$1,352,996  

$ 1,301,648 

Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity 
Current liabilities: 

Trade accounts payable and provisions 
Reforestation liability 
Income taxes payable 

9, 20(c), 20(d) 
10 
17 

Reforestation liability 
Long term debt 
Employee future benefits 
Provisions and other liabilities 
Deferred income taxes 

Equity: 

Share capital 
Contributed surplus 
Translation reserve 
Hedge reserve 
Retained earnings 

10 
8 
20(c), 20(d) 
9 
17 

11 

$  152,854 
12,873 
224 
165,951 
27,535 
250,900 
8,249 
26,976 
19,197 

$  138,029 
11,609 
317 
149,955 
25,931 
308,821 
8,136 
21,290 
848 

555,388 
8,582 
40,720 
- 
249,498 
854,188 

555,388 
7,999 
69,574 
11 
153,695 
786,667 

$ 1,352,996 

$ 1,301,648 

Commitments and contingencies (note 18). 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 

Approved on behalf of the Board of Directors: 

“L.  Sauder”, Director 

“D.W.G.  Whitehead”, Director 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
35 

Interfor Corporation 
Consolidated Statements of Earnings 
(Expressed in thousands of Canadian Dollars, except earnings per share) 
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 

Sales  

Costs and expenses: 

Note 

2017 

2016 

$1,990,106 

$1,792,712 

Production 
Selling and administration 
9 
Long term incentive compensation 
5, 18 
U.S. countervailing and anti-dumping duty deposits 
Depreciation of plant and equipment 
6, 12 
Depletion and amortization of timber, roads and other  7, 12 

Operating earnings before restructuring costs 
Restructuring costs 

Operating earnings 

Finance costs 
Other foreign exchange gain (loss) 
Other income (expense)  

Earnings before income taxes 

Income tax expense: 

Current 
Deferred 

16 

14 

15 

17 

1,632,922 
50,775 
12,977 
18,630 
77,623 
38,635 
1,831,562 

158,544 
(9,203) 

149,341 

(14,030) 
(2,035) 
(1,987) 
(18,052) 

1,550,912 
43,092 
4,551 
- 
76,092 
34,895 
1,709,542 

83,170 
(7,280) 

75,890 

(18,602) 
1,468 
14,094 
(3,040) 

131,289 

72,850 

1,064 
33,072 
34,136 

853 
6,354 
7,207 

Net earnings  

$  97,153 

$  65,643 

Net earnings per share, basic and diluted 

19 

$ 

1.39 

$ 

0.94 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 

 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
36 

Interfor Corporation 
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income 
(Expressed in thousands of Canadian Dollars) 
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 

Note 

2017 

2016 

Net earnings 

  $  97,153 

$  65,643 

Other comprehensive income (loss): 
Items that will not be recycled to Net earnings: 

Defined benefit plan actuarial gains (losses), net of tax  17, 20 

(1,350) 

1,509 

Items that are or may be recycled to Net earnings: 
Foreign currency translation differences for  

foreign operations, net of tax 

Loss in fair value of interest rate swaps 

14, 24 

Total items that are or may be recycled to Net earnings 

Total other comprehensive loss, net of tax 

(28,854) 
(11) 

(28,865) 
(30,215) 

(7,851) 
(51) 

(7,902) 
(6,393) 

Comprehensive income 

$  66,938 

$  59,250 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
Interfor Corporation 
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity 
(Expressed in thousands of Canadian Dollars) 
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 

37 

Balance at December 31, 2015 

$  553,559  $ 

7,665  $  77,425  $ 

62  $   86,543  $  725,254 

Note 

Common  Contributed 
Surplus 

Shares 

Translation 
Reserve 

Hedge 
Reserve 

Retained 
Earnings 

Total 
Equity 

Net earnings: 

Other comprehensive income (loss): 

Foreign currency translation differences for 

foreign operations, net of tax 

Defined benefit plan actuarial gains, net of tax 
Loss in fair value of interest rate swaps 

20(d) 
24(b) 

- 

- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 

(7,851) 
- 
- 

Contributions: 

Deferred income tax on share issues costs 
Stock options 

 11(a) 
11(b) 

1,829 
- 

- 
334 

- 
- 

- 

- 

65,643 

65,643 

- 
- 
(51) 

- 
- 

- 
1,509 
- 

(7,851) 
1,509 
(51) 

- 
- 

1,829 
334 

Balance at December 31, 2016 

555,388 

7,999 

69,574 

11 

153,695 

786,667 

Net earnings: 

Other comprehensive loss: 

Foreign currency translation differences for 

foreign operations, net of tax 

Defined benefit plan actuarial losses, net of tax 
Loss in fair value of interest rate swaps 

Contributions: 

Stock options 

20(d) 
24(b) 

11(b) 

- 

- 
- 
- 

- 

- 

- 
- 
- 

- 

- 

97,153 

97,153 

(28,854) 
- 
- 

- 
- 
(11) 

- 
(1,350) 
- 

(28,854) 
(1,350) 
(11) 

583 

- 

- 

- 

583 

Balance at December 31, 2017 

 $  555,388  $ 

8,582  $  40,720  $ 

-  $  249,498 

 $  854,188 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
38 

Interfor Corporation 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 
(Expressed in thousands of Canadian Dollars) 
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 

Cash provided by (used in): 
Operating activities: 
Net earnings 
Items not involving cash: 

Note 

2017 

2016 

  $  97,153 

$  65,643 

Depreciation of plant and equipment 
Depletion and amortization of timber, roads and other 
Income tax expense 
Finance costs 
Other assets 
Reforestation liability 
Other liabilities and provisions 
Stock options 
Write-down of property, plant and equipment 
  and intangibles 
Unrealized foreign exchange losses and other 
Other expense (income) 

6 
7 
17 
14 

10 

11(b) 

6, 16 

15 

Cash generated from (used in) operating working capital: 

Trade accounts receivable and other 
Inventories 
Prepayments and other 
Trade accounts payable and accrued liabilities 
Income taxes paid 

Investing activities: 

Additions to property, plant and equipment 
Additions to roads and bridges 
Additions to timber and other intangible assets 
Proceeds on disposal of property, plant and equipment 
Proceeds on disposal of investments 
Investments and other assets 

6 
7 
7 
15 
15 

77,623 
38,635 
34,136 
14,030 
(4,203) 
1,109 
5,629 
583 

7,091 
147 
1,987 
273,920 

(19,845) 
(14,243) 
919 
19,688 
(2,215) 
258,224 

(60,370) 
(32,211) 
(2,360) 
561 
3,077 
202 
(91,101) 

76,092 
34,895 
7,207 
18,602 
(217) 
559 
789 
334 

2,172 
596 
(14,095) 
192,577 

(2,666) 
(2,338) 
704 
11,702 
(707) 
199,272 

(50,393) 
(24,631) 
(1,682) 
41,437 
10,342 
(11,324) 
(36,251) 

Financing activities: 

Interest payments 
Debt refinancing costs 
Change in operating line components of long term debt 
Additions to long term debt 
Repayments of long term debt 

Foreign exchange gain (loss) on cash and cash equivalents held  

in a foreign currency 

Increase in cash and cash equivalents 
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 

(12,240) 
(807) 
(64) 
76,107 
(116,260) 
(53,264) 

8 
8 
8 

(1,529) 
112,330 
19,270 
  $  131,600 

(17,174) 
(1,112) 
(11,663) 
56,974 
(189,193) 
(162,168) 

1,961 
2,814 
16,456 
$  19,270 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of Canadian Dollars, except number of shares and per share amounts) 
____________________ 

39 

1.  Nature of operations: 

Interfor Corporation and its subsidiaries (the “Company” or “Interfor”) produce wood 
products in British Columbia, the U.S. Northwest and the U.S. South for sale to markets 
around the world. 

Interfor Corporation exists under the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia) with 
shares listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange.  Its head office, principal address and 
records office are located at Suite 3500, 1055 Dunsmuir Street, Vancouver, British 
Columbia, Canada, V7X 1H7. 

These consolidated financial statements of the Company as at and for the years ended 
December 31, 2017 and 2016 comprise the accounts of Interfor Corporation and its 
subsidiaries. 

2.  Basis of Preparation: 

(a) Statement of compliance: 

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with 
International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) and were approved by the 
Board of Directors on February 8, 2018. 

(b) Basis of measurement: 

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost 
basis except for the following material items in the Statements of Financial Position: 

(i)  Liabilities for cash-settled share-based payment arrangements are measured at 

fair value; and 

(ii) Employee benefit plan assets and liabilities are recognized as the net of the fair 
value of the plan assets and the present value of the defined benefit obligations 
on a plan by plan basis. 

(c) Functional and presentation currency: 

These consolidated financial statements are presented in Canadian Dollars, which is 
the parent company’s functional currency.  Certain of the Company’s subsidiaries 
have a functional currency of the U.S. Dollar and are translated to Canadian Dollars.  
All financial information presented in Canadian Dollars has been rounded to the 
nearest thousand except number of shares and per share amounts. 

(d) Use of estimates and judgements: 

The preparation of these consolidated financial statements in conformity with IFRS 
requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect 
the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of certain assets, 
liabilities, revenues and expenses.  Actual results may differ from these estimates. 

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis.  Revisions 
to accounting estimates are recognized, on a prospective basis, in the period in 
which the estimates are revised. 

 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of Canadian Dollars, except number of shares and per share amounts) 
____________________ 

40 

2.  Basis of Preparation (continued): 

(d) Use of estimates and judgements (continued): 

Significant areas requiring the use of management estimates relate to the 
determination of restructuring, reforestation, road deactivation, environmental and 
tax obligations, share-based compensation, recoverability of assets, rates for 
depreciation, depletion and amortization, fair values of assets and liabilities acquired 
in business combinations and impairment analysis of non-financial assets including 
goodwill.   

Information about the use of management estimates and judgements that have the 
most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the consolidated financial 
statements is included in the following notes: 

Note 3(e) 

Inventories 

Note 3(i) 

Impairment of non-financial assets 

Note 3(j) 

Reforestation and other decommissioning provisions 

Note 3(m) 

Cash-settled share based compensation 

Note 3(n) 

Equity-settled share based compensation 

Note 7 

Roads and bridges, timber tenures, other intangible assets and 
goodwill 

Note 10 

Reforestation liability 

3.  Significant accounting policies: 

The accounting policies set out below have been applied consistently to all periods 
presented in these consolidated financial statements.   

(a) Basis of consolidation: 

These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its 
wholly-owned subsidiaries from their respective dates of acquisition or incorporation.  
All intercompany balances, including unrealized income and expenses arising from 
intercompany transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation.   

The Company measures goodwill in business acquisitions at the acquisition date as 
the fair value of the consideration transferred including any non-controlling interest 
less the fair value of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed, all 
measured as of the acquisition date.  When the excess is negative, a bargain 
purchase gain is recognized immediately in Net earnings.  Transaction costs, other 
than those associated with the issuance of debt or equity securities, are expensed as 
incurred. 

(b) Foreign currency: 

(i)  Foreign currency transactions: 

Transactions in foreign currencies are translated to the functional currency of the 
respective entity at transaction date exchange rates.  Monetary assets and 
liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are revalued using the exchange rate 
at the reporting date.   

 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of Canadian Dollars, except number of shares and per share amounts) 
____________________ 

41 

3.  Significant accounting policies (continued): 

(b) Foreign currency (continued): 

(i)  Foreign currency transactions (continued): 

Foreign exchange differences arising on revaluation are recognized in Net 
earnings.  Where revaluations relate to trade accounts receivables those foreign 
exchange differences are adjusted to Sales in the Statement of Earnings; where 
revaluations relate to trade accounts payables those foreign exchange differences 
are adjusted to Production costs in the Statement of Earnings. 

(ii) Foreign operations: 

Certain of the Company’s subsidiaries have a functional currency of the U.S. 
Dollar.  Revenues and expenses of such foreign operations are translated to 
Canadian Dollars at the transaction date exchange rate, or at average rates for 
the period which approximate the transaction date, as appropriate.  Assets and 
liabilities are translated into Canadian Dollars at exchange rates in effect at the 
reporting date.  Related foreign currency translation differences are recognized in 
Other comprehensive income, and recorded to the Translation reserve in Equity.   

Foreign currency translation differences residing in the Translation reserve will be 
released to Net earnings upon the reduction of the net investment in foreign 
operations through the sale, reduction or substantial liquidation of an investment 
position.   

Monetary receivables from a foreign operation, the settlement of which are 
neither planned nor likely in the foreseeable future are considered to form part of 
the net investment in the foreign operation.  Related foreign exchange translation 
differences are recognized in Other comprehensive income and presented in the 
Translation reserve in Equity.   

(iii) Hedge of net investment in a foreign operation: 

Financial liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are from time to time 
designated as a hedge of the Company’s net investments in foreign operations. 

Foreign currency differences arising on the revaluation of a financial liability 
designated as a hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation are recognized 
in Foreign currency translation differences in Other comprehensive income to the 
extent that the hedge is effective, and presented in the Translation reserve in 
Equity.  To the extent that the hedge is ineffective, such differences are 
recognized in Other foreign exchange gain (loss) in Net earnings.   

When the Company terminates the designation of the hedging relationship and 
discontinues its use of hedge accounting, any accumulated unrealized foreign 
exchange differences remaining in the Translation reserve and subsequent 
unrealized foreign exchange differences are recorded in Other foreign exchange 
gain (loss) in Net earnings.   When the hedged net investment is disposed of, the 
relevant amount in the Translation reserve is reclassified to Net earnings. 

 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of Canadian Dollars, except number of shares and per share amounts) 
____________________ 

42 

3.  Significant accounting policies (continued): 

(c) Financial instruments: 

(i)  Non-derivative financial instruments: 

Non-derivative financial instruments comprise cash and cash equivalents, trade 
and other receivables, certain investments and advances, trade accounts payable 
and accrued liabilities, provisions, and loans and borrowings including long term 
debt.     

Cash and cash equivalents and trade and other receivables are designated as 
loans and receivables and are initially measured at fair value plus any direct 
transaction costs and thereafter at amortized cost using the effective interest rate 
method, less any impairment losses. 

Certain investments are classified as held for trading and are measured at fair 
value. 

Trade payables and accrued liabilities, provisions, and loans and borrowings 
including long term debt are designated as other financial liabilities and are 
initially measured at fair value and thereafter at amortized cost using the 
effective interest rate method. 

There are no financial instruments classified as held-to-maturity. 

(ii) Derivative financial instruments: 

The Company at times uses derivative financial instruments for economic hedging 
purposes in the management of foreign exchange and interest rate risks.  The 
Company does not utilize derivative financial instruments for trading or 
speculative purposes.   

The Company has chosen not to designate derivative foreign currency exchange 
contracts as hedges for accounting purposes.  Consequently, these derivative 
financial instruments, designated as held-for-trading, are carried on the 
Statements of Financial Position at fair value, with changes in fair value being 
recorded in Other foreign exchange gain (loss) in Net earnings.   

The Company at times holds derivative interest rate swaps to hedge its interest 
rate risk exposures and may designate these financial instruments as the hedging 
instrument in a cash flow hedge of fluctuations in market interest rates 
associated with specific drawings under its long term debt.  The effective portion 
of changes in the fair value of the derivative are recognized in Other 
comprehensive income and presented in the Hedging reserve in Equity.  Any 
ineffective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative is recognized 
immediately in Net earnings. 

From time to time, the Company also trades lumber futures in managing price 
risk and which are designated as held for trading with changes in fair value being 
recorded in Other income (expense) in Net earnings.  Trading activities are 
closely monitored and restricted including a maximum number of outstanding 
contracts at any point in time. 

The risk management strategies and relationships are formally documented and 
assessed on a regular, on-going basis. 

 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of Canadian Dollars, except number of shares and per share amounts) 
____________________ 

43 

3.  Significant accounting policies (continued): 

(c) Financial instruments (continued): 

(iii) Share capital: 

Shares are classified as equity.  Incremental costs directly attributable to the 
issuance of shares and share options are recognized as a deduction from equity, 
net of any tax effects. 

(d) Cash and cash equivalents: 

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on deposit and short-term interest bearing 
securities with maturities at their purchase date of three months or less. 

(e) Inventories: 

Lumber inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value on a 
specific product basis.  Cost is determined as the weighted average of cost of 
production on a three month rolling average, lagged by one month and adjusted for 
abnormal costs, as in the case of a curtailment.  Net realizable value is the estimated 
selling price in the normal course of business, less estimated costs of completion and 
selling expenses. 

Log inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value on a specific 
boom basis where logs are boomed, or in aggregate on a species and sort basis 
where the logs are not boomed.   

Cost for internally produced log inventories is determined as the weighted average 
cost of logging on a twelve month rolling average, lagged by one month, for the B.C. 
Coast and on a three month rolling average for the B.C. Interior, and adjusted for 
abnormal costs, as in the case of a curtailment.  Log inventories purchased from 
external sources are valued at acquisition cost.   

Net realizable value of logs is based on either market replacement cost or, for logs 
designated for lumber processing, on estimated net realizable value less estimated 
costs of completion and selling expenses. 

Other inventories consist primarily of supplies which are recorded at lower of cost 
and replacement cost, which approximates net realizable value. 

(f)  Property, plant and equipment: 

Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation 
and impairment losses.  Depreciation on machinery and equipment is provided on 
the basis of hours operated relative to the asset’s lifetime estimated operating hours.  
Depreciation on all other assets is provided on a straight-line basis (ranging from 
2.5% to 33% per year) over the estimated useful lives of the assets.   

Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed annually and 
adjusted, if appropriate. 

Maintenance costs are recorded as expenses as incurred, with the exception of 
programs that extend the useful life of an asset or increase its value, for which costs 
are capitalized.   

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of 
qualifying assets, being those requiring a substantial period of time prior to 
availability for their intended use, are capitalized. 

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of Canadian Dollars, except number of shares and per share amounts) 
____________________ 

44 

3.  Significant accounting policies (continued): 

(g) Logging roads and bridges: 

Logging roads and bridges are recorded at cost less accumulated amortization and 
impairment losses.  Road and bridge amortization is computed on the basis of timber 
cut relative to available timber.   

Amortization methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed annually and 
adjusted, if appropriate. 

(h) Intangible assets: 

(i)  Timber licences: 

Timber licences are recorded at cost less accumulated depletion and impairment 
losses.  Timber licence depletion is computed on the basis of timber cut relative 
to available timber.  Tree farm and forest licences are depleted on a straight-line 
basis over 40 years.  Amortization rates are reviewed annually to ensure they are 
aligned with estimates of remaining economic useful lives of the associated 
intangible assets. 

(ii)  Goodwill: 

Goodwill is measured at cost less accumulated impairment losses.  See note 3(a) 
for the policy on measurement of goodwill at initial recognition.   

(iii) Other intangible assets: 

Other intangible assets are recorded at cost less accumulated amortization and 
impairment losses.  Amortization on other intangible assets is provided on a 
straight-line basis ranging from five to ten years, being the estimated useful lives 
of the assets.  Amortization rates are reviewed annually to ensure they are 
aligned with estimates of remaining economic useful lives of the associated 
intangible assets. 

(i)  Impairment of non-financial assets: 

The Company’s non-financial assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or 
circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.  
Impairment tests are carried out annually for goodwill or when an indicator of 
impairment is identified.   

External indicators of impairment include adverse changes in expected future prices, 
costs and other market and economic factors.  Internal indicators include changes in 
the expected useful life of an asset or changes to the planned capacity of an asset.   

An impairment loss is charged to Net earnings if an asset’s carrying amount exceeds 
its recoverable amount.  The recoverable amount is calculated based on the higher of 
its fair value less direct costs to sell and its value in use.   

Fair value is determined as the amount that would be obtained from the sale, net of 
direct selling costs, of the asset in an arm’s length transaction between 
knowledgeable and willing parties.  Value in use is determined as the present value 
of the estimated future cash flows expected to arise from the continued use of the 
asset in its present form and its eventual disposal and does not consider future 
capital enhancements. 

 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of Canadian Dollars, except number of shares and per share amounts) 
____________________ 

45 

3.  Significant accounting policies (continued): 

(i)  Impairment of non-financial assets (continued): 

For purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest level for 
which there are separately identifiable cash inflows that are largely independent of 
the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets (a cash generating unit or 
“CGU”).  Goodwill is allocated to a CGU or group of CGU’s expected to benefit from 
it.    

Impairment losses recognized for a CGU are first allocated to reduce the carrying 
amount of goodwill, if any, assigned to the CGU, and then to reduce the carrying 
amounts of the other assets in the CGU on a pro-rata basis. 

Non-financial assets, other than goodwill, for which an impairment was previously 
recognized, are reviewed for possible reversal of the impairment at each reporting 
date.  When an impairment loss is reversed, the increased carrying amount of the 
asset cannot exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of 
amortization, had the impairment never been recognized. 

An impairment loss recorded against goodwill is not reversed. 

(j)  Reforestation and other decommissioning provisions: 

Forestry legislation in British Columbia requires the Company to incur the cost of 
reforestation on its forest, timber and tree farm licences and to deactivate logging 
roads once harvesting is complete and access is no longer required.  Accordingly, the 
Company records the fair value of the costs of reforestation and road deactivation in 
the period in which the timber is cut, with the fair value of the liability determined 
with reference to the present value of estimated future cash flows.   

Provisions are measured at the expected value of future cash flows, discounted to 
their present value and determined according to the probability of alternative 
estimates of cash flows occurring for each operation.  The measurement under IAS 
37, Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets, is based on best 
estimates and can be based on internal or external costs, depending upon which is 
most likely.  Significant judgements and estimates are involved in forming 
expectations of future activities and the amount and timing of the associated cash 
flows.  Those expectations are formed based on existing regulatory requirements and 
the expertise of Registered Professional Foresters and Engineers employed or 
contracted by the Company.  Examples of considerations include the specifics of the 
areas logged and the treatments prescribed for those areas, as well as the timing 
and success rates of the planned activities in terms of reforestation; and road 
structure and terrain for road deactivation. 

Cash flows reflect the risks specific to the decommissioning provision.  As such, the 
discount rate reflects the current risk-free rate given that risks are incorporated into 
the future cash flow estimates.  Adjustments are made to decommissioning 
provisions each period for changes in the estimated timing or amount of cash flows, 
changes in the discount rate and the unwinding of the discount.   

In periods subsequent to the initial measurement, changes in the liability resulting 
from the passage of time are recognized as Finance costs and revisions to fair value 
calculations are recognized as Production costs in Net earnings as they occur. 

 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of Canadian Dollars, except number of shares and per share amounts) 
____________________ 

46 

3.  Significant accounting policies (continued): 

(k) Environmental costs: 

Environmental expenditures are expensed or capitalized depending upon their future 
economic benefit.  Expenditures to prevent future environmental contamination are 
capitalized as plant and equipment.  Expenditures that relate to an existing condition 
caused by past operations are expensed.  Liabilities are recorded when rehabilitation 
efforts are likely to be required and the costs can be reasonably estimated. 

Provisions are measured at the expected value of future cash flows, discounted to 
their present value and determined according to the probability of alternative 
estimates of cash flows using a current risk-free rate.  The unwinding of the discount 
is recognized as a Finance cost in Net earnings. 

(l)  Employee benefits: 

Defined benefit pension and other post-retirement benefit obligation accruals are 
estimated using actuarial methods and assumptions, including management’s best 
estimates of the discount rate, salary escalation, and health care costs and are 
calculated using the projected unit credit method.   

Plan assets are valued at fair value. 

Actuarial gains and losses arising from actual experience being different from the 
assumptions, or changes in actuarial assumptions used to determine the defined 
benefit asset or obligation, are recognized in Other comprehensive income in the 
year in which they occur. 

Pension expenses for defined contribution plans are limited to the Company’s 
contribution to the plans in respect of services rendered by employees, as the 
Company has no legal or constructive obligation to pay further amounts.  Plans 
administered by the government and the industry-wide unionized employees’ 
pension plan are treated as defined contribution plans. 

(m) Cash-settled share based compensation: 

The Company has a Share Appreciation Rights (“SAR”) Plan, a Deferred Share Unit 
(“DSU”) Plan and a Total Shareholder Return (“TSR”) Plan for directors, officers and 
certain other eligible employees.  The Company uses the fair value method of 
accounting for obligations under the SAR, DSU and TSR Plans.   

Compensation expense is recorded for SARs over the vesting period based on the 
estimated fair value of the SARs at the date of grant.  Fair value is measured using a 
Black-Scholes option pricing model and is adjusted to reflect the number of SARs 
expected to vest. 

Compensation expense is recorded for DSUs either at the time of the grant, in the 
case of DSUs which vest immediately, or over the performance period, in the case of 
DSUs with deferred vesting, based on the fair value at the date of the grant.   

Compensation expense is recorded for TSRs over the performance period based on 
the estimated fair value of the TSRs at the date of the grant.  Fair value is measured 
using a combination of call options which are valued using a Black-Scholes pricing 
model. 

 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of Canadian Dollars, except number of shares and per share amounts) 
____________________ 

47 

3.  Significant accounting policies (continued): 

(m) Cash-settled share based compensation (continued): 

The fair value of the SARs, DSUs and TSRs are subsequently measured at each 
reporting date with any changes in fair value reflected as Long term incentive 
compensation  in Net earnings.  Liabilities are recorded in Trade accounts payable 
and provisions and Provisions and other liabilities on the Statements of Financial 
Position.     

(n) Equity-settled share based compensation: 

The Company has a Stock Option Plan for its key employees and directors.  The 
Company uses the fair value method of accounting for obligations under this Plan.   

The grant-date fair value of options is recognized as Long term incentive 
compensation, with a corresponding increase in contributed surplus, over the vesting 
period.  The fair value of the options is determined using the Black-Scholes option 
pricing model which takes into account, as of the grant date, the exercise price, the 
expected life of the options, the current price of the underlying stock and its 
expected volatility, expected dividends on the shares, and the risk-free interest rate 
over the expected life of the option.  Cash consideration received when an option is 
exercised is credited to share capital, as is the previously calculated fair value 
included in contributed surplus.   

(o) Sales revenue: 

The Company recognizes sales when the significant risks and rewards of ownership 
have been transferred to the buyer, recovery of the consideration is probable, the 
associated costs can be reliably estimated, there is no continuing management 
involvement, and the amounts of revenue can be measured reliably.  Revenue is 
measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable net of 
applicable sales taxes, returns, rebates and discounts and after eliminating sales 
within the Company. 

Sales are recorded on a gross basis and include amounts charged to customers for 
freight, wharfage and handling costs.  Actual costs of freight, wharfage and handling 
and duties are recorded to Production cost and U.S. countervailing and anti-dumping 
duty deposits, respectively, in Net earnings.   

(p) Finance income and costs: 

Finance income comprises net interest income on funds invested. 

Finance costs comprise net interest expense on borrowings, the unwinding of the 
discount on decommissioning provisions, net interest on defined benefit plans, the 
amortization of prepaid finance costs and other related transaction costs.   

(q) Income tax: 

Income tax expense comprises current and deferred income taxes.  Current and 
deferred income taxes are recognized in Net earnings except to the extent that they 
relate to a business combination, or items recognized directly in Equity or in Other 
comprehensive income. 

Current tax is the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss 
for the year, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date, 
and any adjustment to income tax payable in respect of previous years.   

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of Canadian Dollars, except number of shares and per share amounts) 
____________________ 

48 

3.  Significant accounting policies (continued): 

(q) Income tax (continued): 

Deferred income tax is recognized in respect of temporary differences between the 
carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for accounting purposes and the amounts 
used for taxation purposes.  Deferred income tax is not recognized for the following 
temporary differences: the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction 
that is not a business combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable 
profit or loss, and differences relating to investments in subsidiaries and jointly 
controlled entities to the extent that it is probable that they will not reverse in the 
foreseeable future.  In addition, deferred income tax is not recognized for taxable 
temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of goodwill. 

Deferred income tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to be applied to 
temporary differences when they reverse, based on the laws that have been enacted 
or substantively enacted by the reporting date.  Deferred income tax assets and 
liabilities are offset if there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax 
liabilities and assets, and they relate to income taxes levied by the same tax 
authority on the same taxable entity, or on different taxable entities, but the 
intention is to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis or tax assets and 
liabilities will be realized simultaneously. 

A deferred income tax asset is recognized for unused tax losses, tax credits and 
deductible temporary differences, to the extent that it is probable that future taxable 
profits will be available against which they can be utilized.  Deferred income tax 
assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no 
longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realized. 

(r)  Earnings per share: 

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing Net earnings by the weighted 
average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period.  Diluted 
earnings per share is determined by adjusting Net earnings and the weighted 
average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period for the 
effects of all dilutive potential common shares, including outstanding stock options, if 
any.   

(s) New standards and interpretations not yet adopted: 

A number of new standards, and amendments to standards and interpretations, are 
not yet effective for the year ended December 31, 2017, and have not been applied 
in preparing these consolidated financial statements.  The following pronouncements 
are considered by the Company to be the most significant of several pronouncements 
that may affect the financial statements. 

IFRS 9, Financial Instruments, will replace the multiple classification and 
measurement models in IAS 39, Financial Instruments: Recognition and 
Measurement, with a single model that has only two classification categories:  
amortized cost and fair value.  IFRS 9 is effective for annual periods beginning on or 
after January 1, 2018. 

IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, will replace all existing IFRS 
revenue requirements and is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 
January 1, 2018.   

 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of Canadian Dollars, except number of shares and per share amounts) 
____________________ 

49 

3.  Significant accounting policies (continued): 

(s) New standards and interpretations not yet adopted (continued): 

Neither IFRS 9 nor IFRS 15, will have a significant impact on the Company’s financial 
statements. 

IFRS 16, Leases, eliminates the current dual accounting model for lessees, which 
distinguishes between on-balance sheet finance leases and off-balance sheet 
operating leases.  Under the new standard, operating leases become an on-balance 
sheet liability that attracts interest, together with a corresponding right-of-use asset, 
which will be depreciated.  Lease expense, which is currently recorded as a 
Production cost in the Statement of earnings, will be replaced by Depreciation and 
Finance costs.  In addition, lessees will recognize a front-loaded pattern of expense 
for most leases, even when cash rentals are constant.  IFRS 16 is effective for 
annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019, with earlier adoption 
permitted.  The Company has not yet completed an assessment of the impact of this 
standard on its financial statements. 

(t)  Change in accounting policy: 

The Company has adopted the disclosure requirements in Disclosure Initiative 
(Amendments to IAS 7), which came into effect on January 1, 2017.  Consequently, 
the Company has provided additional disclosure in relation to the changes in 
borrowings arising from financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2017 
(see note 8). 

4.  Inventories: 

Lumber 
Logs 
Other 

2017 

2016   

$ 

82,850 
67,815 
14,491 

$ 

80,726   
58,739   
15,070 

$ 

165,156 

$ 

154,535 

Inventory expensed in the period includes production costs, depreciation of plant and 
equipment, and depletion and amortization of timber, roads and other.  The inventory 
write-down to record inventory at the lower of cost and net realizable value at December 
31, 2017, was $9,292,000 (2016 - $7,922,000). 

 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of Canadian Dollars, except number of shares and per share amounts) 
____________________ 

50 

5.  Investments and other assets: 

   Note 

Countervailing and anti-dumping duty receivable 
18(c) 
Deferred financing fees, net of accumulated amortization  
Timber deposits and other 
Investments designated as fair value through profit and loss 

Current 
Long term 

2017 

3,769 
2,094 
541 
- 

6,404 

- 
6,404 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

2016   

- 
2,078 
263 
2,911 

5,252   

2,911 
2,341   

$ 

6,404 

$ 

5,252   

 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of Canadian Dollars, except number of shares and per share amounts) 
____________________ 

51

6.  Property, plant, and equipment 

Cost 

Note 

Land 

Buildings 

Machinery and 
Equipment 

Mobile 
Equipment 

Computer 
Equipment Improvements 

Site 

Other 

Projects in 
Process 

Total 

$ 

51,950  $  131,131  $  860,612  $ 

Balance at December 31, 2015 
Additions 
Disposals 
Transfers 
Transfers to other intangibles 
Exchange rate movements 
Balance at December 31, 2016 
- 
- 
Additions 
(248) 
(17) 
Disposals 
1,795 
- 
Transfers 
- 
Transfers to other intangibles 
- 
- 
Impairment                                     16                 (234) 
(1,234) 
Exchange rate movements 
(4,514) 
49,823  $  130,683  $  877,081  $ 
Balance at December 31, 2017 

(2) 
(2,396) 
19,368 
- 
(16,039) 
861,543   

- 
(150) 
4,771 
- 
(2,102) 
133,650   

- 
(64) 
- 
- 
(578) 
51,308   

- 
(3,852) 
56,339 
- 
- 
(36,949) 

7 

7 

$ 

32,005  $ 

- 
(740) 
351 
- 
(414) 
31,202   

- 
(1,427) 
944 
- 
- 
(802) 
29,917  $ 
Mobile 
Equipment 

41,561  $ 
133 
(860) 
3,505 
- 
(626) 
43,713   

- 
(523) 
6,762 
- 
- 
(1,913) 
48,039  $ 

69,732  $ 

- 
- 
1,706 
- 
(1,000) 
70,438   

- 
(43) 
2,485 
- 
 -   
(2,341) 
70,539  $ 
Site 

Accumulated Depreciation 

Balance at December 31, 2015 
Depreciation 
Disposals 
Transfers 
Impairment 
Exchange rate movements 
Balance at December 31, 2016 
Depreciation 
Disposals 
Transfers 
Impairment 
Exchange rate movements 
Balance at December 31, 2017 

Net book value at 

December 31, 2016 
December 31, 2017 

16    

16    

Buildings 

Machinery and 
Equipment 

Computer 
Equipment Improvements 

  $ 

43,689  $  318,152  $ 

6,796 
(86) 
- 
- 
(463) 
49,936 
7,003 
(135) 
- 
26 
(1,460) 
55,370  $  414,157  $ 

53,527 
(1,564) 
(27) 
1,155 
(4,390) 
366,853 
56,254 
(1,598) 
- 
6,713 
(14,065) 

  $ 

18,111  $ 
3,276 
(596) 
- 
- 
(162) 
20,629 
2,856 
(1,298) 
- 
- 
(511) 
21,676  $ 

23,639  $ 
6,072 
(677) 
27 
- 
(344) 
28,717 
6,136 
(523) 
- 
84 
(1,228) 
33,186  $ 

33,647  $ 
5,003 
- 
- 
- 
(329) 
38,321 
4,061 
(43) 
- 
- 
(1,062) 
41,277  $ 

13,958  $ 
23 
(304) 
23 
- 
(139) 
13,561   
154 
(1,562) 
532 
- 
     - 
(273) 
12,412  $ 

18,386  $  1,219,335 
49,296 
49,142 
(4,614) 
(100) 
- 
(29,724) 
(1,637) 
(1,637) 
(21,334) 
(436) 
35,631    1,241,046 
59,788 
59,634 
(7,672) 
- 
- 
(551) 
            -              (234) 
(2,161) 
(50,187) 
23,696  $  1,242,190 

     (68,857)        
(551) 

Other 

4,507   
1,418 
(284) 
- 
- 
(32) 
5,609 
1,313 
(1,111) 
- 
- 
(117) 
5,694   

Total 

  $  441,745 
76,092 
(3,207) 
- 
1,155 
(5,720) 
510,065 
77,623 
(4,708) 
- 
6,823 
(18,443) 
  $  571,360 

There were no borrowing costs capitalized in 2017 or 2016.  Additions in 2017 include $2,330,000 of accrued contract costs (2016 - $2,912,000) 

$ 

51,308  $ 
49,823   

83,714  $  494,690  $ 
75,313   

462,924   

10,573  $ 
8,241   

14,996  $ 
14,853   

32,117  $ 
29,262   

7,952  $ 
6,718   

35,631  $  730,981 
670,830 
23,696   

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of Canadian Dollars, except number of shares and per share amounts) 
____________________ 

52 

7.  Roads and bridges, timber tenures, other intangible assets and goodwill: 

Cost 

Roads and 
Bridges 

Timber 
Licences 

Other 
Intangibles 

Balance at December 31, 2015 
Additions 
Transfers 
Disposals 
Exchange rate movements 
Balance at December 31, 2016 
Additions 
Transfers 
Disposals 
Exchange rate movements 

$ 

95,042  $ 
24,631 
- 
(824) 
(69) 
118,780 
32,211 
- 
(2,292) 
10 

118,434  $ 
195 
- 
- 
- 
118,629 
267 
- 
- 
- 

40,269  $ 

1,487 
1,637 
(18) 
(916) 
42,459 
2,093 
551 
(10) 
(1,954) 

Goodwill 

161,791 
- 
- 
- 
(4,412) 
157,379 
- 
- 
- 
(9,421) 

Balance at December 31, 2017 

$ 

148,709  $ 

118,896  $ 

43,139  $ 

147,958 

Accumulated amortization 

Roads and 
Bridges 

Timber 
Licences 

Other 
Intangibles 

Goodwill 

$ 

Balance at December 31, 2015 
Amortization 
Disposals 
Exchange rate movements 
Balance at December 31, 2016 
Amortization 
Disposals 
Impairment 
Exchange rate movements 

74,431  $ 
24,478 
(824) 
(44) 
98,041 
28,846 
(2,292) 
- 
22 

46,005  $ 

16,668  $ 

3,351 
- 
- 
49,356 
2,951 
- 
- 
- 

7,066 
(6) 
(286) 
23,442 
6,838 
(5) 
34 
(1,340) 

877 
- 
- 
- 
877 
- 
- 

- 

Balance at December 31, 2017 

$ 

124,617  $ 

52,307  $ 

28,969  $ 

877 

Net book value at 

December 31, 2016 
December 31, 2017 

$ 

20,739  $ 
24,092 

69,273  $ 
66,589 

19,017  $ 
14,170 

156,502 
147,081 

For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill components of $13,078,000 and 
$134,003,000 are attributable to the Coastal Whitewood cash-generating unit (“CWW 
CGU”) and the U.S. South cash-generating unit (“S CGU”), respectively.   

The recoverable amounts for the goodwill impairment assessments were based on the 
CGU’s (or groups of CGU’s) value in use and were determined by discounting the future 
cash flows generated from the continuing use of the units for a period of twenty years.  
The cash flows were projected based on past experience, actual operating results and 
the five year business plan in the assessment for both 2016 and 2017.  Due to the 
cyclical nature of the forest industry, cash flows for a further 15 years were extrapolated 
based on an average trend year.   

The recoverable amount of both the CWW CGU and the S CGU as at December 31, 
2017, and December 31, 2016 were determined to be higher than the related carrying 
amount and no impairment has been recognized.   

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of Canadian Dollars, except number of shares and per share amounts) 
____________________ 

53 

7.  Roads and bridges, timber tenures, other intangible assets and goodwill 

(continued): 

Key assumptions used are based on industry sources, including Forest Economic 
Advisors, LLC, as well as management estimates.  These assumptions include lumber 
and residual chip sales prices, applicable foreign exchange rates, operating rates of the 
assets, raw material and conversion costs, the level of sales to the U.S. from Canada, 
duty rates and the future capital required to maintain the assets in their current 
operating condition.   

A post-tax discount rate of 10.5 percent (2016 – 10.5 percent) was applied in 
determining the recoverable amount of each CGU assessed.  The discount rate was 
estimated with the assistance of external experts, past experience, and the industry 
targeted capital structure.  Inflation rates of 1.6 percent (2016 – 1.3 percent) and 2.2 
percent (2016 – 1.3 percent) for Canadian and U.S. CGU’s, respectively, were applied to 
the projected cash flows for years four through twenty. 

The values assigned to key assumptions represent management’s assessment of future 
trends in the forest industry and are based on both external sources and internal 
historical data. 

8.  Cash and borrowings: 

2017 

Available line of credit 
Maximum borrowing available 
Drawings 
Outstanding letters of credit  
included in line utilization 

2016 

Available line of credit 
Maximum borrowing available 
Drawings 
Outstanding letters of credit  
included in line utilization 

Operating 
Line 

  Revolving 
Term 
Line 

Senior 

U.S. 
Secured  Operating 
Line 

Notes 

Total 

$  65,000  $ 200,000  $ 250,900  $  62,725  $ 578,625 
62,725    578,625 
-    250,900 

65,000    200,000    250,900   
-    250,900   

-   

Unused portion of line 

$  52,485  $  200,000  $  

12,515   

-   

2,634   

-   
15,149 
-  $  60,091  $ 312,576 

$  65,000  $ 200,000  $ 268,540  $  67,135  $ 600,675 
65,627    599,167 
-    308,821 

65,000    200,000    268,540   
40,281    268,540   

-   

Unused portion of line 

$  54,974  $  159,719  $  

10,026   

-   

3,296   

13,322 
-   
-  $  62,331  $ 277,024 

Minimum principal amounts due on long term debt are follows: 

2018 
2019 
2020 
2021 
2022 
Thereafter 

$         

 - 
- 
- 
41,816 
41,816 
167,268 

$  250,900 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of Canadian Dollars, except number of shares and per share amounts) 
____________________ 

54 

8.  Cash and borrowings (continued): 

Reconciliation of movements in borrowings to cash flows arising from financing 
activities: 

Drawings at January 1 
Operating line net repayments 
Additions to long term debt 
Repayments of long term debt 
Effects of changes in foreign exchange rates 

2017 

2016 

$ 

308,821 
(64) 
76,107 
(116,260) 
(17,704) 

$  468,759 
(11,663) 
56,974 
(189,193) 
(16,056) 

Drawings at December 31 

$ 

250,900 

$  308,821 

(a) Operating Line and Revolving Term Line: 

The Canadian Operating Line of credit and Revolving Term Line (the “Lines”) may be 
drawn in either CAD$ or US$ advances, and bear interest at bank prime plus a 
margin or, at the Company’s option, at rates for Bankers’ Acceptances or LIBOR 
based loans plus a margin, and in all cases dependent upon a financial ratio of net 
debt divided by trailing twelve months’ trailing EBITDA1.  The amount available under 
the Operating Line is subject to a borrowing base calculation dependent on certain 
accounts receivable and inventories.   

The Lines are secured by a general security agreement which includes a security 
interest in all Canadian accounts receivable and inventories, charges against timber 
tenures and mortgage security on certain assets.  The Lines are subject to certain 
financial covenants including a minimum working capital requirement, a maximum 
ratio of debt to capitalization and a minimum net worth calculation.   

On September 15, 2017, the Company extended the maturity of the Lines from May 
19, 2019 to September 15, 2021 with an additional borrowing margin and stand-by 
fee tier, reducing the cost for both drawn and undrawn amounts.  There were no 
other significant changes. 

As at December 31, 2017, including letters of credit, the Lines were drawn by 
$12,333,000 (2016 - $10,026,000) and US$145,000 (2016 – US$30,000,000)  
revalued at the year-end exchange rate to $182,000 (2016 - $40,281,000) for total 
borrowings of $12,515,000 (2016 - $50,307,000). 

All outstanding U.S. Dollar drawings under the Lines have been designated as a 
hedge against the Company’s investment in its U.S. operations and foreign exchange 
gains of $128,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017 (2016 - $7,420,000 gain) 
arising on revaluation of the Lines were recognized in Foreign currency translation 
differences in Other comprehensive income.   

As at December 31, 2017, unused available credit on the Lines was $252,485,000 
(2016 - $214,693,000).   

1  EBITDA represents earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, depletion, amortization and 

non-cash asset revaluations as defined under the agreement. 

 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of Canadian Dollars, except number of shares and per share amounts) 
____________________ 

55 

8.  Cash and borrowings (continued): 

(b) Senior Secured notes: 

The Company’s Senior Secured Notes consist of Series A and Series B Senior 
Secured Notes (each US$50,000,000 and bearing interest at 4.33% and 4.02%, 
respectively) and Series C Senior Secured Notes (US$100,000,000, bearing  

interest at 4.17%).  As at December 31, 2017, US$200,000,000 of Senior Secured 
Notes were outstanding (2016 – US$200,000,000) and revalued at the year-end 
exchange rate to $250,900,000 (2016 - $268,540,000).   

The Senior Secured Notes are subject to certain financial covenants including a 
minimum working capital requirement, a maximum ratio of total debt to total 
capitalization and a minimum net worth calculation.  Total payments of 
US$33,333,000 (US$16,667,000 for each of the Series A and Series B Senior 
Secured Notes) are required on each of June 26, 2021 and 2022, with the balance 
due on June 26, 2023 for the Series A and B Senior Secured Notes.  Payments of 
US$33,333,000 are required on each of March 26, 2024 and 2025, with the balance 
due on March 26, 2026 for the Series C Senior Secured Notes.   

The Senior Secured Notes have been designated as a hedge against the Company’s 
investment in its U.S. operations and unrealized foreign exchange gains of 
$17,640,000 (2016 - $8,260,000 gain) arising on their revaluation were recognized 
in Foreign currency translation differences in Other comprehensive income for the 
year ended December 31, 2017. 

(c) U.S. Operating Line: 

The U.S. Operating Line bears interest at rates for LIBOR based loans plus a margin 
and is secured by accounts receivable and inventories of wholly-owned subsidiary, 
Interfor U.S. Inc.  The U.S. Operating Line is subject to a minimum net worth 
covenant, with borrowing levels subject to a collateral calculation dependent upon 
certain accounts receivable and inventories.  On May 17, 2017, the Company 
extended the maturity of its U.S. Operating Line from May 1, 2018 to May 1, 2019 
with no other significant changes. 

As at December 31, 2017, the U.S. Operating Line was drawn by US$2,100,000 
including outstanding letters of credit, revalued at the year-end exchange rate to 
$2,634,000 (2016 – US$2,455,000 revalued at the year-end exchange rate to 
$3,296,000).   

As at December 31, 2017, $60,091,000 (US$47,900,000) of the available U.S. 
Operating Line was unused (2016 - $62,331,000; US$46,422,000). 

(d) Cash and cash equivalents: 

At December 31, 2017, $337,000 of the Company’s cash balance is restricted (2016 
- $515,000). 

 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of Canadian Dollars, except number of shares and per share amounts) 
____________________ 

56 

9.  Provisions and other liabilities: 

2017 

Note 

Current 

Non-current 

9(a), 16 
Restructuring 
9(a) 
Road deactivation 
Environmental 
9(a) 
Cash-settled share based compensation   
9(b) 
9(c) 
9(d) 
9(e) 

SAR Plan 
TSR Plan 
DSU Plan 

Retained compensation liabilities 
Lease incentives and other 

298 
$ 
            776 
56 

$ 

1,026 
3,840 
747 

$  

5,355 
1,390 
547 
1,451 
766 

186 
5,277 
13,566 
- 
2,334 

Total 

 1,324 
4,616 
803 

5,541 
6,667 
14,113 
1,451 
3,100 

$  10,639 

$  26,976 

$  37,615 

2016 

Note 

Current 

Non-current 

9(a), 16 
Restructuring 
9(a) 
Road deactivation 
Environmental 
9(a) 
Cash-settled share based compensation   
9(b) 
9(c) 
9(d) 
9(f) 
9(e) 

Contingent future payment  
Retained compensation liabilities 
Lease incentives and other 

SAR Plan 
TSR Plan 
DSU Plan 

987 
$ 
            221 
56 

$ 

5,904 
1,188 
1,515 
13,427 
- 
1,295 

1,618 
4,158 
753 

385 
1,625 
9,468 
- 
1,076 
2,207 

$  

Total 

 2,605 
4,379 
809 

6,289 
2,813 
10,983 
13,427 
1,076 
3,502 

$  24,593 

$  21,290 

$  45,883 

The current portion of provisions and other liabilities is included in Trade accounts 
payable and provisions in the Statements of Financial Position. 

(a) Provisions: 

Forestry legislation in British Columbia requires the Company to deactivate logging 
roads once harvesting is complete and access is no longer required.  Accordingly, the 
Company records the fair value of the costs of road deactivation in the period in 
which the timber is harvested, with the fair value of the liability determined with 
reference to the present value of estimated future cash flows.   

Environmental provisions are made when rehabilitation efforts are likely required and 
the costs can be reasonably estimated.     

Provisions are measured at the expected value of future cash flows, discounted to 
their present value and determined according to the probability of alternative 
estimates of cash flows using a current risk-free discount rate.  The unwinding of the 
discount is recognized as a Finance cost in Net earnings. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of Canadian Dollars, except number of shares and per share amounts) 
____________________ 

57 

9.  Provisions and other liabilities (continued): 

(a) Provisions (continued): 

Balance at December 31, 2015 

$ 

2,175 

$ 

4,168 

$ 

826 

Note 

Restructuring  Road deactivation 

Environmental 

Provisions made during year 
Expenditures made during year 
Unwind of discount 
Changes in estimated future expenditures 
Exchange rate movements 

16 

1,370 
(895) 
- 
- 
(45) 

446 
(143) 
46 
(138) 
- 

Balance at December 31, 2016 

2,605 

4,379 

Provisions made during year 
Expenditures made during year 
Unwind of discount 
Changes in estimated future expenditures 
Exchange rate movements 

16 

2,091 
(3,242) 
- 
- 
(130) 

446 
(206) 
71 
(74) 
- 

- 
- 
8 
(25) 
- 

809 

- 
- 
11 
(17) 
- 

Balance at December 31, 2017 

$ 

1,324 

$ 

4,616 

$ 

803 

(b) Share Appreciation Rights Plan: 

Awards under the SAR Plan have been granted to directors, officers and certain 
employees of the Company.  The vesting of SARs occurs at a rate of 40% two years 
after granting and 20% per annum thereafter.  SARs expire ten years after the date 
of grant.  The SAR Plan uses notional units that are valued based on the Company’s 
Common Share price on the Toronto Stock Exchange.  The units are exercisable for 
cash and recorded as liabilities.  Under the SAR Plan, awards will be expensed over 
the vesting periods based on the estimated fair value of the SARs at the date of 
grant.  Fair value is measured using a Black-Scholes option pricing model and is 
adjusted to reflect the number of SARs expected to vest.  Fair value of the SARs is 
subsequently measured at each reporting date with any change in fair value resulting 
in a change in the measure of the compensation for the award, which is amortized 
over the remaining vesting periods.     

Details of the Company’s SAR Plan for the years ended December 31 are as follows: 

2017 

  Weighted 
average 
strike price 

Units 

Outstanding, beginning of year   738,199 
6,405 
Granted 
(312,582) 
Exercised 
(10,763) 
Expired or cancelled 

$  8.02 
  14.99 
  6.38 
  12.58 

2016 

  Weighted 
average 
strike price 

$  7.52 
15.01 
4.96 
12.63 

Units 

929,808 
6,053 
(173,800) 
(23,862) 

Outstanding, end of year 

421,259 

$  9.23 

  738,199 

$  8.02 

Units exercisable, end of year 

323,263 

$  7.80 

533,389 

$  6.73 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of Canadian Dollars, except number of shares and per share amounts) 
____________________ 

58 

9.  Provisions and other liabilities (continued): 

(b) Share Appreciation Rights Plan (continued): 

Weighted average fair value assumptions for grants made in 2017 and 2016 are as 
follows: 

Risk-free interest rate 
Expected life 
Annualized volatility 
Dividend rate 
Termination rate 
Grant date fair value per unit 

2017 

1.24% 
6.7 years 
41% 
0% 
6% 
$6.43 

2016 

0.87% 
6.7 years 
41% 
0% 
6% 
$6.33 

Details  of  units  outstanding  under  the  SAR  Plan  at  December  31,  2017  are  as 
follows:  

Units outstanding 
Weighted 

Number 
outstanding, 
December 31, 

remaining 
2017  unit life (yrs.) 

average  Weighted 
average 
strike price 

Strike 
price 

95,600 
$1.38-$4.64 
47,500 
$4.77-$5.40 
$6.01-$9.18 
164,600 
$14.99-$17.43  113,559 

3.2 
2.4 
4.6 
6.5 

$  3.61 
  4.84 
8.27 
17.16 

Units exercisable 

Number 
exercisable, 
December 31, 
2017 

95,600 
47,500 
126,600 
53,563 

Weighted 
average 
strike price 

$  3.61 
  4.84 
8.00 
17.43 

421,259 

$  9.23 

323,263 

$  7.80 

For the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recorded Long term incentive 
compensation in respect of the SAR Plan of $3,120,000 (2016 – $1,010,000).   

(c) Total Shareholder Return Plan: 

Under terms of the TSR Plan, a participant will receive a target number of 
performance share units (“PSUs”) based on a target award divided by the value of 
the Company’s Common Shares at the effective date of the grant.  The number of 
PSUs which will ultimately vest will be in a range from 50% to 150% of the original 
grant based on total shareholder return over a three year performance period. 

The number of PSU’s outstanding at December 31 are as follows: 

Outstanding, beginning of year 
Granted 
Matured 

2017 

546,049 
226,636 
(163,577) 

2016 

518,199 
237,497 
(209,647) 

Outstanding, end of year 

609,108 

546,049 

Compensation expense is recorded for the TSR Plan over the performance period 
based on the estimated fair value of the TSR Plan payable at the date of the grant.  
The fair value of obligations under the TSR Plan is subsequently measured at each 
reporting date with any changes in fair value reflected in Long term incentive 
compensation in Net earnings.   

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of Canadian Dollars, except number of shares and per share amounts) 
____________________ 

59 

9.  Provisions and other liabilities (continued): 

(c) Total Shareholder Return Plan (continued): 

Fair value of the TSR Plan is measured using a combination of call options which are 
valued using a Black-Scholes pricing model with weighted average assumptions for 
grants as follows: 

Risk-free interest rate 
Expected life 
Annualized volatility 
Dividend rate 
Termination rate 
Grant date fair value per unit 

2017 

2016 

1.17% 
3 years 
35% to 39% 
0.00% 
0.00% 
$10.86 

0.8% 
3 years 
46% to 56% 
0.00% 
0.00% 
$6.45 

For the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recorded Long term incentive 
compensation under the TSR Plan of $5,042,000 (2016 – $1,289,000).    

(d) Deferred Share Unit Plan: 

The Company’s directors and certain officers participate in the DSU Plan.  The DSU 
Plan, which allows for immediate or deferred vesting, is intended to provide a better 
link between share performance and compensation for the participants, in that DSUs 
either increase or decrease in value in a direct relationship with the market price of 
the Company’s Common Shares.   

DSUs may be granted directly to directors or officers of the Company at the 
discretion of the Board of Directors, who are required to take DSU’s as payment of at 
least 60% of their annual retainer.   

For performance periods ending prior to 2017, participants in the TSR Plan had the 
option to elect, subject to the approval of the Company’s Board of Directors, to 
receive their award in DSUs at the end of the performance period.   

The number of DSUs outstanding at December 31 are as follows: 

2017 

2016 

Outstanding, beginning of year    724,918 
45,817 
Granted¹ 
(99,987) 
Exercised 

Units 

Average 
unit value 

$15.15 
  18.90 
  15.08 

Units 

622,951 
116,124 
(14,157) 

Average 
unit value 

$14.06 
  13.62 
  11.67 

Outstanding, end of year 

670,748 

$21.04 

  724,918 

$15.15 

¹Fair value at the date of the grants. 

Changes to the market value of the Company’s Common Shares subsequent to 
issuance of awards results in adjustments to the compensation accrual and Long 
term incentive compensation in Net earnings.  For the year ended December 31, 
2017, the Company recorded an expense of $4,637,000 (2016 –$1,775,000) in 
respect of the DSU Plan, of which $3,771,000 (2016 – $916,000) was recorded in 
Long term compensation and $866,000 (2016 - $860,000), related to payment for 
directors’ fees, was recorded in Selling and administration.   

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of Canadian Dollars, except number of shares and per share amounts) 
____________________ 

60 

9.  Provisions and other liabilities (continued): 

(e) Retained compensation liabilities: 

Upon acquisition of the Tolleson sawmills on March 17, 2014, the Company assumed 
incentive payments payable to certain senior management over a four year period.  
The incentive is earned and recognized as a liability over the incentive period.  For 
the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recorded Long term incentive 
compensation  of $461,000 (2016 - $1,029,000) in respect of the retained 
compensation liabilities.  The liability of US$1,157,000 (2016 – US$801,000) was 
revalued at the year-end exchange rate to $1,451,000 (2016 - $1,076,000) and will 
be paid in April, 2018.   

(f)  Contingent future payment: 

In conjunction with the acquisition of sawmill operations in the U.S. in 2015, the 
Company recorded a provision of US$10,000,000 for additional compensation 
payable under the Asset Purchase Agreement.  This amount was fully paid in early 
2017.  

10. Reforestation liability: 

The Company has an obligation to reforest areas harvested under various timber rights.  
The obligation is incurred as logging occurs and the fair value of the liability for 
reforestation is determined with reference to the present value of estimated future cash 
flows required to settle the obligation.   

Changes in the reforestation liability for the years ended December 31 are as follows: 

Reforestation liability, beginning of year 
Reforestation expense on current logging and  

market logging agreements 

Reforestation expenditures 
Unwind of discount 
Changes in estimated future reforestation expenditures 

Consisting of: 

Current reforestation liability 
Long term reforestation liability 

2017 

2016 

$  37,540 

$  36,126 

13,780 
(10,774) 
500 
(638) 

12,605 
(10,924) 
302 
(569) 

$  40,408 

$  37,540 

$  12,873 
27,535 

$  11,609 
25,931 

$  40,408 

$  37,540 

The total undiscounted amount of the estimated future expenditures required to settle 
the reforestation obligation, adjusted for inflation, at December 31, 2017 is $42,549,000 
(2016 - $39,419,000).  The reforestation expenditures are expected to occur over the 
next one to fifteen years and have been discounted at a long term risk-free interest rate 
of 2% (2016 – 2%).  Reforestation expense resulting from obligations arising from 
current logging and changes in estimated future expenditures are included in Production 
costs for the year and expense related to the unwinding of the discount is included in 
Finance costs.   

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of Canadian Dollars, except number of shares and per share amounts) 
____________________ 

61 

11. Share capital: 

(a) Share transactions: 

Authorized capital at December 31, 2017 consists of: 

  150,000,000 Common Shares (“Shares”) without par value; and 

  5,000,000 Preference Shares without par value. 

Common Share transactions were as follows: 

Issued and Fully Paid 
Balance, December 31, 2015 
Deferred income tax on share issue costs  
Balance, December 31, 2016 and 2017 

Note 

17 

Number 
70,030,455 
- 
70,030,455 

  Amount 
$  553,559 
1,829 
$  555,388 

On March 2, 2017, the Company announced a normal course issuer bid (“NCIB”) 
whereby it can purchase for cancellation up to 3,500,000 Shares, representing 
approximately 5% of its Shares issued and outstanding as at March 2, 2017.  This 
NCIB began on March 7, 2017 and expires on March 6, 2018.  During 2017, Interfor 
did not purchase any of its Shares. 

At December 31, 2017, 1,631,740 Shares are reserved for possible future issuance 
pursuant to the stock option plan. 

(b) Equity-settled share based compensation: 

The Company has a stock option plan for its key employees and directors under 
which options may be granted to purchase up to 1,631,740 Shares, of which 
1,299,093 remain available for issuance.  The vesting of the options occurs at a rate 
of 40% two years after granting and 20% per annum thereafter.  Options expire ten 
years after the date of the grant.  The exercise price of a stock option is at a price 
not less than the closing price of a Common Share on the trading day immediately 
preceding the grant date. 

Details of the Company’s stock option plan for the years ended December 31 are as 
follows: 

2017 

2016 

  Weighted  
average 
exercise price 

Options 

Outstanding, beginning of year    181,525 
154,469 
Granted 
- 
Exercised 
(3,347) 
Expired or cancelled 

$ 

14.10 
  15.44 
- 
  22.22 

  Weighted 
average 
exercise price 

$ 

21.77 
  10.61 
- 
  16.76 

Options 

64,175 
130,879 
- 
(13,529) 

Outstanding, end of year 

332,647 

$ 

14.64 

  181,525 

$ 

14.10 

Options exercisable, end of year  21,297 

$ 

21.67 

- 

$ 

- 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of Canadian Dollars, except number of shares and per share amounts) 
____________________ 

62 

11. Share capital: 

(b) Equity-settled share based compensation (continued): 

Weighted average fair value assumptions for grants made in 2017 and 2016 are as 
follows: 

Risk-free interest rate 
Expected life 
Annualized volatility 
Dividend rate 
Termination rate 
Grant date fair value per unit 

2017 

1.24% 
6.7 years 
41% 
0% 
6% 
$6.62 

2016 

0.8% 
6.7 years 
43% 
0% 
6% 
$4.63 

Details  of  options  outstanding  under  the  option  plan  at  December  31,  2017  are  as 
follows:  

Number 
outstanding, 
December 31, 

Units outstanding 
Weighted 
average 
remaining 

Weighted 

Number 
exercisable, 
average  December 31, 
2017 

2017  unit life (yrs.)  exercise price 

Units exercisable 

Weighted 
average 
strike price 

Strike 
price 

$9.77-$13.72 
118,564 
$15.01-$15.44  160,841 
53,242 
$17.26-$22.22 

8.2 
9.1 
7.2 

$ 

10.42 
15.42 
21.70 

$ 

- 
- 
21,297 

- 
- 
21.67 

332,647 

$ 

14.64 

21,297 

$ 

21.67 

The Company recognized an expense of $583,000 for the year ended December 31, 
2017 (2016 – $334,000) in Long term incentive compensation. 

12. Depreciation, depletion, and amortization: 

Depreciation, depletion and amortization expense allocated by function is as follows: 

Production 
Selling and administration 

2017 

2016 

$  108,718 
7,540 

$  102,539 
8,448 

$  116,258 

$  110,987 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of Canadian Dollars, except number of shares and per share amounts) 
____________________ 

63 

13. Personnel expenses: 

Note 

2017 

2016 

Wages and salaries 
Government administered pensions and  

unemployment insurance 
Workers’ compensation insurance 
Contributions to defined contribution plans 
Expenses related to defined benefit plans 
Cash-settled share based payment transactions  
and other long term compensation expense 

Medical, dental, group insurance and other 

20 
20 

9 

$  263,318 

$  232,342 

15,875 
7,975 
10,804 
1,195 

12,977 
28,117 

  13,071 
6,182 
9,866 
1,648 

4,551 
35,416 

$  340,261 

$  303,076 

14. Finance costs: 

Recognized in Net earnings: 

       Note 

2017 

2016 

Interest on borrowings 
Net interest on defined benefit plans 
Unwind of discount on provisions 
Amortization of deferred finance costs 

9(a), (10) 

$  (12,203) 
(505) 
(582) 
(740) 

$  (16,659) 
(428) 
(832) 
(683) 

$  (14,030) 

$  (18,602) 

Recognized in Other comprehensive income: 

Effective portion of changes in fair value of interest rate swap 

$ 

(11) 

$ 

2017 

2016 

(51) 

15. Other income (expense): 

Gain (loss) on disposal of surplus property, plant and  

equipment 

Gain on disposal of investments and other 

2017 

2016 

$ 

(2,408) 
421 

$  14,072 
22 

$ 

(1,987) 

$  14,094 

On November 30, 2016, Interfor completed the sale of its former sawmill in Tacoma, 
Washington for net proceeds of $40,830,000 and a gain of $15,012,000.   

During 2017, Interfor sold fixed income investments for proceeds of $3,077,000 (2016 - 
$10,324,000) and recognized a gain of $421,000 (2016 – $23,000 gain). 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of Canadian Dollars, except number of shares and per share amounts) 
____________________ 

64 

16. Restructuring costs: 

Write-down of property, plant, equipment  

and intangibles 
Severance and legal 
Write-down of inventories 
Onerous contracts (recovery) 
Site closure costs 
Other 

Note 

6 
9(a) 

9(a) 

$ 

2017 

7,091 
2,427 
- 
(336) 
21 
- 

$ 

2016 

2,173 
955 
1,533 
415 
1,738 
466 

$ 

9,203 

$ 

7,280 

In 2016, the Company recorded restructuring charges related to its Tacoma sawmill 
which was sold in November, 2016 (see note 15).  Inventory write-downs reflect 
extraordinary declines in fair value of inventory subsequent to the decision to exit the 
Tacoma sawmill.  The Company also recorded an impairment against surplus operating 
equipment. 

In December, 2017, the Company recorded an impairment against operating equipment 
to be replaced in conjunction with planned capital projects in 2018. 

17. Income taxes: 

Income tax expense is as follows:  

Current tax expense: 
Current year 
Adjustments for prior periods 

Deferred income tax expense (recovery): 

Origination and reversal of temporary differences 
Change in unrecognized deferred income tax assets 

2017 

2016 

$ 

1,007 
57 
1,064 

$ 

802 
51 
853 

33,072 
- 
33,072 

12,525 
(6,171) 
6,354 

$  34,136 

$ 

7,207 

Income tax expense (recovery) recognized in Other comprehensive income is as follows: 

Defined benefit plan actuarial losses 
Foreign currency translation differences for foreign operations 

$ 

2017 
(504) 
(168) 

$ 

2016 
- 
691 

Income tax recovery recognized in Equity is as follows: 

$ 

(672) 

$ 

691 

2017 

2016 

Amortized and unamortized share issuance costs 

$ 

- 

$ 

(1,829) 

 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of Canadian Dollars, except number of shares and per share amounts) 
____________________ 

65 

17. Income taxes (continued): 

The reconciliation of income taxes at the statutory rate to the income tax expense is as 
follows: 

Income tax expense at the statutory rate of 

26.00% (2016 – 26.00%) 

Change in unrecognized deferred income tax assets 
Entities with different tax rates and foreign rate adjustments 
Change of U.S. statutory rate  
Change of Canadian statutory rate 
Income Tax Credit 
Other 

2017 

2016 

$  34,135 
- 
3,632 
(4,740) 
445 
488 
176 

$  18,941 
(6,171) 
(4,884) 
- 
- 
(715) 
36 

$  34,136 

$ 

7,207 

The Company recorded a deferred income tax expense of $445,000 in 2017 to reflect 
the increase in the Canadian statutory tax rate from 26% in 2017 to 27% in 2018. 

As a result of tax legislation enacted in the U.S. at the end of 2017, the federal U.S. 
corporate tax rate applicable to years after 2017 was substantially reduced.  As a result, 
Interfor recorded a deferred income tax expense in respect of its U.S. operations in 2017 
at a combined federal and state income tax rate of 24% (2016 - 37.37%).     

The Company has the following non-capital loss carryforwards that are available to 
reduce future taxable income: 

(a)  Canadian non-capital loss carry-forwards which total approximately $66,657,000 

(2016 - $101,215,000), and expire between 2032 and 2036; and   

(b)  U.S. net operating loss carry-forwards which total approximately US$132,408,000 

(2016 - US$175,176,000), and expire between 2024 and 2035. 

Unrecognized deferred income taxes: 

As at December 31, 2017, the Company has unrecognized deferred income tax assets in 
relation to accrued foreign exchange losses on U.S. Dollar denominated debt.  These 
losses, if realized, will result in allowable capital losses which can be applied against the 
taxable portion of capital gains, if any, arising in future years.   

Deferred income tax assets related to the Company’s Canadian operations are not 
recognized in respect of deductible temporary differences of $7,940,000 (2016 - 
$8,009,000). 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of Canadian Dollars, except number of shares and per share amounts) 
____________________ 

66 

17. Income taxes (continued): 

Recognized deferred income taxes: 

Recognized 

December 31, 2017 
Deferred income tax assets 

Opening 
Balance 

  Recognized in 

in Other  Recognized in 
Income Tax Comprehensive  Shareholder’s 
Equity 

Expense  Income (loss) 

Ending 
Balance 

Losses 
Reserves 
Tax credits 
Share issue costs 
Defined benefit plan 
Other 

$  114,778  $ 
21,364 
870 
692 
- 
4,672 

(56,492)  $ 
1,539 
(536) 
(353) 
- 
(524) 

-  $ 
- 
- 
- 
504 
- 

Deferred income tax liabilities 

Capital assets 
Foreign currency 

(128,377) 

23,294 

- 

translation differences 
for foreign operations  

(536) 

- 

159 

-  $   58,286 
22,903 
- 
334 
- 
339 
- 
504 
- 
4,148 
- 

- 

- 

(105,083) 

(377) 

Total 

$ 

13,463  $ 

(33,072)  $ 

663  $ 

-  $ 

(18,946) 

  Recognized in 

December 31, 2016 
Deferred income tax assets 

Opening 
Balance 

  Recognized in 

in Other  Recognized in 
Income Tax Comprehensive  Shareholder’s 
Equity 

Expense  Income (loss) 

Ending 
Balance 

Losses 
Reserves 
Tax credits 
Share issue costs 
Other 

$  117,627  $ 
20,494 
111 
- 
2,520 

(3,986)  $ 
870 
759 
- 
2,152 

-  $ 
- 
- 
- 
- 

1,137  $   114,778 
21,364 
870 
692 
4,672 

- 
- 
   692 
- 

Deferred income tax liabilities 

Capital assets 
Foreign currency 

(122,228) 

(6,149) 

- 

   - 

 (128,377) 

translation differences 
for foreign operations  

145 

- 

(681) 

- 

(536) 

Total 

$ 

18,669  $ 

(6,354)  $ 

(681)  $ 

1,829  $ 

13,463 

Represented by the following: 

Deferred income tax assets 
Deferred income tax liabilities 

2017 

2016 

$ 

251 
(19,197) 

$  14,311 
(848) 

$  (18,946) 

$  13,463 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of Canadian Dollars, except number of shares and per share amounts) 
____________________ 

67 

18. Commitments and contingencies: 

(a) Operating leases and contractual obligations: 

The Company is obligated under various operating leases and contracts requiring 
minimum annual payments in each of the next five years as follows: 

2018 
2019 
2020 
2021 
2022 

(b) Surety bonds: 

$  50,100 
13,270 
7,190 
6,460 
5,170 

The Company has posted $41,041,000 in surety performance and payment bonds, 
with various expiry dates extending through January, 2025. 

(c) U.S. countervailing and anti-dumping duty deposits: 

In late 2016, a petition was filed by the U.S. Lumber Coalition and other petitioners 
seeking countervailing (“CV”) and anti-dumping (“AD”) duties on Canadian softwood 
lumber imports to the U.S. and on January 6, 2017, a preliminary determination was 
announced by the U.S. International Trade Commission (“ITC”) that there was 
reasonable indication that the U.S. industry is materially injured by imports of 
softwood lumber products from Canada.   

In the first half of 2017, the U.S. Department of Commerce (“DoC”) made 
preliminary duty rate determinations of 19.88% and 6.87% for CV and AD duties, 
respectively, for a combined total of 26.75% applicable to Interfor’s shipments of 
softwood lumber from Canada into the U.S.  On November 2, 2017, the DoC made a 
final determination on duties that lowered the combined rate applicable to Interfor to 
20.83%, which it subsequently amended to 20.23%, comprised of 14.19% and 
6.04% for CV and AD duties, respectively.  In addition, the DoC concluded that 
critical circumstances did not exist for CV duties, but did exist for AD duties.   

On December 7, 2017, the ITC ruled that the U.S. lumber industry was injured by 
Canadian lumber imports and finalized the CV and AD duties.  The ITC made a 
negative finding with regard to critical circumstances in the AD investigation.  As a 
result, Interfor will not be subject to retroactive AD duty deposits for the 90-day 
period from April 1 to June 29, 2017.  As Interfor expected that the ITC would rule 
against the retroactive application, no associated liability had been recognized in the 
financial statements.   

CV duties were applicable from April 28, 2017 until August 26, 2017 and from 
December 28, 2017 onwards.  AD duties were applicable from June 30, 2017 through 
December 26, 2017 and from December 28, 2017 onwards. 

The Company recorded an adjustment to its U.S. CV and AD duty deposits in the 
Statement of earnings to correct the duties expense to the amended final rates.  
Interfor recorded US$3,004,000 ($3,920,000) in Investments and other assets on 
the Statement of financial position (see note 5) in respect of this adjustment.  This 
amount is subject to dispute resolution. 

 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of Canadian Dollars, except number of shares and per share amounts) 
____________________ 

68 

18. Commitments and contingencies (continued): 

(c) U.S. countervailing and anti-dumping duty deposits (continued): 

Interfor recorded US$187,000 ($239,000) in Trade accounts receivable and other for 
amounts overpaid from November 8 through December 26, 2017 as a result of DoC 
arithmetic errors in the duty rates.  This amount is fully refundable and not subject 
to any dispute resolution. 

The current and long term U.S. duty deposit receivables were revalued at the year-
end exchange rate to $235,000 and $3,769,000, respectively.  

Interfor is of the view that the DoC’s positions are without merit and politically 
driven.  As such, Interfor will continue to work with the B.C. and Canadian 
Governments to vigorously defend the Company’s and industry’s positions through 
various appeal processes.  The final amount and effective date of countervailing and 
anti-dumping duties that may be assessed on Canadian softwood lumber exports to 
the U.S. cannot be determined at this time and will depend on decisions yet to be 
made by any reviewing courts, NAFTA or WTO panels to which the DoC and ITC 
determinations may be appealed.   

All duties paid remain held in trust by the U.S. pending the First Administrative 
Review and conclusion of all appeals of U.S. decisions. 

(d) Timber licence: 

A Timber licence held by Interfor for harvesting within the B.C. Coast region (the 
“Licence”) was cancelled (or taken) by the Government of B.C., following the passing 
into law of the Great Bear Rainforest (Forest Management) Act and regulations, 
which took effect January 1, 2017.   

Interfor is entitled to compensation from the Government of B.C. based upon the 
value of the harvesting rights under the Licence.  In late 2017, the Company initiated 
arbitration proceedings, but is currently still in active negotiations with the 
Government.  Although it is not practicable to estimate the value or form of 
compensation that would be received by Interfor, it is expected that such 
compensation would exceed the net book value of the Licence as at December 31, 
2017.   

(e) Other contingencies: 

The Company is subject to a number of claims arising in the normal course of 
business in respect of which either an adequate provision has been made or for 
which no material liability is expected. 

 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of Canadian Dollars, except number of shares and per share amounts) 
____________________ 

69 

19. Net earnings per share: 

Net earnings per share is based on the earnings attributable to shareholders and a 
weighted average number of shares, as defined in note 11, outstanding for the year.   

     The reconciliation of the numerator and denominator is determined as follows: 

2017 

  Weighted 
average 
Net  number of 

earnings 

shares  Per share 

2016 

  Weighted 
average 
Net  number of 
shares 

earnings 

Per share 

Basic earnings 
  per share 

$  97,153 

70,030  $ 

1.39 

$  65,643 

70,030 

$ 

0.94 

Effect of dilutive securities: 
Stock Options 
Diluted earnings 

- 

44 

- 

3 

per share 

$  97,153 

70,074  $ 

1.39 

$  65,643 

70,033 

$ 

0.94 

20. Employee future benefits and other post-retirement plans: 

The Company maintains a number of savings and retirement plans that are available to 
employees that meet certain eligibility requirements.   

(a) Defined contribution plans: 

In Canada, salaried employees of the Company are provided with the opportunity to 
make voluntary contributions to a Registered Retirement Savings Plan (“RRSP”) 
based on a percentage of an employee’s earnings.  The Company matches 
employees’ RRSP contributions with contributions to a Deferred Profit Sharing Plan 
(“DPSP”) with the employee’s future retirement benefits based on these 
contributions along with investment earnings on the contributions. 

For the DPSP, the Company’s funding obligations are satisfied upon making cash 
contributions to an employee’s account.  For 2017, the pension expense for this plan 
is equal to the Company’s contribution of $1,891,000 (2016 - $1,639,000).   

For certain eligible employees of the Canadian Merchant Services Guild (“CMSG”), 
the Company makes required contributions based on a percentage of earnings into a 
defined contribution plan.  For 2017, the pension expense is equal to the Company’s 
contribution of $39,000 (2016 - $49,000). 

Employees of the Company’s U.S. operating subsidiaries of the Company, contribute 
a percentage of their earnings to a 401(k) plan which the Company matches and 
which vest immediately.  The Company’s funding obligations are satisfied upon 
making cash contributions to an employee’s account.  For 2017, the pension expense 
for this plan is equal to the Company’s contribution of $4,652,000 (2016 - 
$4,267,000).   

   
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of Canadian Dollars, except number of shares and per share amounts) 
____________________ 

70 

20. Employee future benefits and other post-retirement plans (continued): 

(b) Unionized employees’ pension plan: 

The Company contributes to an industry-wide benefit plan for unionized employees 
based on a predetermined amount per hour worked by an employee.  For 2017, the 
pension expense for this plan is equal to the Company’s contribution of $3,295,000 
(2016 - $3,352,000).  As there is insufficient information available to enable the 
Company to account for this plan as a defined benefit plan, the plan has been 
accounted for as a defined contribution plan.  The Company’s liability is limited to its 
contributions. 

(c) Supplementary pension plans: 

The Company provides supplementary pension benefits to certain members of its 
senior management in the form of a notional extension to the DPSP in Canada and 
the 401(k) plan in the U.S.  These commitments are not funded but are fully accrued 
by the Company, with a portion of the commitments being secured by irrevocable 
letters of credit. 

During 2017 the Company recorded an expense of $927,000 (2016 - $559,000) in 
respect of these plans. 

The accrued liabilities of this plan are included in the Company’s Statements of 
Financial Position as follows: 

Trade accounts payable and provisions 
Employee future benefits obligation 

(d) Defined benefit plans: 

$ 

2017 
799 
5,493 

$ 

2016 
721 
5,499 

$ 

6,292 

$ 

6,220 

The Company and the non-union hourly employees at the Adams Lake operations 
make contributions to a defined benefit pension plan that provides pension benefits 
upon retirement.  The plan entitles a retired employee to receive monthly payments 
based on a schedule of defined benefit accruals for different periods of service. 

The Company makes contributions to a defined benefit pension plan that provides 
pension benefits to certain eligible employees of the CMSG upon retirement.  The 
plan provides a retired employee a monthly payment based on a percentage of their 
average earnings at retirement, and their years of service.  In addition, the Company 
provides post-retirement medical and life insurance benefits to certain eligible CMSG 
retirees. 

The Company maintains a non-contributory defined benefit pension plan for a former 
senior executive. 

The Company provides post retirement life insurance benefits to eligible retirees of a 
wholly-owned subsidiary, Seaboard Shipping Company Limited (“SSCL”).  In 
addition, specified individuals at SSCL received a supplemental pension based on a 
percentage of final average earnings at retirement, and years of service.  Effective 
December 12, 2016, the supplemental pension was settled and all liabilities were 
paid out through the purchase of an annuity. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of Canadian Dollars, except number of shares and per share amounts) 
____________________ 

71 

20. Employee future benefits and other post-retirement plans (continued): 

(d) Defined benefit pension plans (continued): 

The Company measures its defined benefit obligations and the fair value of plan     
assets for accounting purposes as at December 31 of each year.   

The most recent and the next scheduled actuarial valuations for funding purposes for 
the significant pension plans are: 

Adams Lake Pension Plan 
CMSG Pension Plan  

December 31, 2016  
December 31, 2016  

December 31, 2019 
December 31, 2019 

Most Recent Valuation 

Next Scheduled Valuation 

The significant pension plans are subject to the statutory requirements (including 
minimum funding requirements) of their respective jurisdictions and the Income Tax 
Act.  Each plan’s pace of funding is determined by the Company, subject to the 
statutory minimums and maximums. 

In 2017, the Company paid contributions of $961,000 (2016 - $1,150,000), and in 
lieu of making cash special payments to fund certain deficits, posted letters of credit 
totaling $3,699,000 (2016 - $2,555,000).  In 2018, the Company expects to pay 
contributions of $900,000 to its defined benefit plans, and post a total of $4,419,000 
in letters of credit. 

The Company has determined that, in accordance with statutory requirements of the 
plans (such as minimum funding requirements), the present value of refunds or 
reductions in future contributions for all plans is not lower than the balance of the 
total fair value of the plan assets less the total present value of obligations.   

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of Canadian Dollars, except number of shares and per share amounts) 
____________________ 

72 

20. Employee future benefits and other post-retirement plans (continued): 

(d) Defined benefit plans (continued): 

The following summarizes the pension and other post-retirement obligations: 

Pension Benefits 

Other Post-retirement Benefits 

2017 

2016 

2017 

2016 

Defined benefit obligation: 

$ 

Beginning of year 
Service cost  
Employee contributions 
Interest cost 
Benefit payments 
Actuarial loss (gain) due to: 

Demographic assumptions 
Financial assumptions 
  Experience adjustment 
Settlements 

51,209  $ 
935 
385 
1,921 
(2,721) 

51,505  $ 
944 
377 
1,875 
(1,986) 

1,889  $ 
53 
- 
71 
(66) 

1,813 
51 
- 
91 
(66) 

253 
3,688 
1,326 
- 

- 
48 
126 
(1,680) 

9 
(288) 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

End of year 

$ 

56,996  $ 

51,209  $ 

1,668  $ 

1,889 

Plan assets: 

Beginning of year 
Interest on plan assets 
Employer contributions 
Employee contributions 
Benefit payments 
Administration costs 
Actuarial gain 
Settlements 

$ 

52,811  $ 

52,020  $ 

1,950 
895 
385 
(2,721) 
(165) 
3,134 
- 

1,925 
1,084 
377 
(1,986) 
(146) 
1,683 
(2,146) 

-  $ 
- 
66 
- 
(66) 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
66 
- 
(66) 
- 
- 
- 

End of year 

$ 

56,289  $ 

52,811  $ 

-  $ 

- 

Net employee future 
    benefits asset (liability) 

$ 

(707)  $ 

1,602  $ 

(1,668)  $ 

(1,889) 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of Canadian Dollars, except number of shares and per share amounts) 
____________________ 

73 

20. Employee future benefits and other post-retirement plans (continued): 

(d) Defined benefit plans (continued): 

The following summarizes the balances recognized on the Statements of Financial 
Position: 

                                                       2017 

         2016 

2017 

2016 

Pension Benefits 

Other Post-retirement Benefits 

Fair value of plan assets 
Present value of unfunded  

$ 

56,289  $ 

52,811  $ 

-  $ 

- 

obligations 

        (331) 
Present value of funded obligation  (56,665) 

(345) 
(50,864) 

(1,668) 
- 

(1,889) 
- 

Net employee future benefits  
    asset (liability) 

$ 

Employee future benefits  

(707)  $ 

1,602  $ 

(1,668)  $ 

(1,889) 

asset 

$ 

502  $ 

2,471  $ 

-  $ 

- 

Trade accounts payable and  

provisions 

(71) 
Employee future benefits obligation (1,138) 
Net employee future benefits 
   asset (liability) 

$ 

(707)  $ 

(71) 
(798) 

(50) 
(1,618) 

(50) 
(1,839) 

1,602  $ 

(1,668)  $ 

(1,889) 

The following table shows the Company’s net expense recognized in the Statement 
of Earnings and the actuarial (gains) losses recognized in Other comprehensive 
income: 

Statement of Earnings 
Production expense 
Finance (income) costs 
Restructuring costs 

Pension Benefits 

Other Post-retirement Benefits 

2017 

2016 

2017 

2016 

$ 

1,100  $ 
(29) 
- 

1,090  $ 
(50) 
466 

53  $ 
71 
- 

51 
91 
- 

$ 

1,071  $ 

1,506  $ 

124  $ 

142 

Other comprehensive income (loss) 

Actuarial gains (losses) 

$ 

(2,133)  $ 

1,509  $ 

279  $ 

- 

Plan assets consist of: 

Asset category 
Investment Funds 
Canadian Equity 
Global 
Money Market 
Fixed Income 
Balanced 

Cash 

Total 

2017 

2016 

$ 

17,704  $ 
18,351 
977 
18,718 
433 
106 

15,787 
16,766 
985 
18,715 
457 
101 

$ 

56,289  $ 

52,811 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of Canadian Dollars, except number of shares and per share amounts) 
____________________ 

74 

20. Employee future benefits and other post-retirement plans (continued): 

(d) Defined benefit plans (continued): 

The plan assets held in investment funds are managed by third party investment 
managers and the fair values of these investments have been determined based on 
the unit price of the underlying funds.  As such, all investment funds are categorized 
as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. 

Actuarial assumptions used in accounting for the Company maintained benefit plans 
(expressed as weighted averages) are: 

Pension Benefits 
2017 

2016 

Other Post-retirement Benefits 

2017 

2016 

Defined benefit obligation as of December 31 

     Discount rate 
     Compensation increases¹ 

3.25% 
3.50% 

Pension expense 

     Discount rate 
     Compensation increases¹ 

3.75% 
3.50% 

3.75% 
3.50% 

3.75% 
3.50% 

3.25% 
- 

3.75% 
- 

3.75% 
- 

3.75% 
- 

¹Compensation increases only relate to the CMSG plan. 

For measurement purposes at December 31, 2017, the Company has assumed a 
5.11% health care cost trend in 2018 grading down to 4.38% in 2021 (2016 – 
5.36% health care cost trend in 2017 grading down to 4.38% in 2021). 

Effect of 1% decrease in discount rate  

on defined benefit obligation 

$ 

8,750 

$ 

212 

Pension Benefits  Other Post-retirement Benefits 

The sensitivity to the discount rate has been determined assuming all other 
assumptions remain unchanged.  An increase in the discount rate would have an 
opposite effect of similar magnitude. 

The weighted average durations of the defined benefit pension plans and other post-
retirement benefit plans is fifteen years. 

Through its defined benefit pension plans and other post-retirement benefits, the 
Company is exposed to a number of risks, the most significant of which are detailed 
below: 

Asset liability mismatch – The defined benefit plan obligations are calculated using a 
discount rate set with reference to corporate bond yields.  While the Adams Lake and 
CMSG pension plans hold some fixed income investments, both plans hold a 
significant proportion of equities, which are expected to outperform corporate bonds 
in the long term.  However, in the short term, there will be volatility in the funded 
status of the plans. 

Life expectancy – The majority of obligations are to provide benefits for the life of 
the member, so increases in life expectancy would result in increased obligations. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of Canadian Dollars, except number of shares and per share amounts) 
____________________ 

75 

21. Related party transactions: 

Key management personnel are comprised of the Company’s directors and executive 
officers. 

The remuneration of key management personnel was as follows: 

Salary and short-term employee benefits 
Post-employment benefits 
Share-based compensation expense 

$ 

2017 

6,898 
661 
8,833 

$ 

2016 

6,013 
512 
3,112 

$  16,392 

$ 

9,637 

Obligations in relation to key management personnel, including directors, are as follows: 

Trade accounts payable and provisions 
Employee future benefits obligation 
Provisions and other liabilities 

$ 

2017 

4,921 
3,986 
18,264 

$ 

2016 

5,552 
3,998 
10,840 

$  27,171 

$  20,390 

22. Segmented Information: 

The Company manages its business as a single operating segment, solid wood.  The 
Company harvests and purchases logs which are sorted by species, size and quality and 
then either manufactured into lumber products at the Company’s sawmills, or sold.  
Substantially all operations are located in British Columbia, Canada and the Northwest 
and South regions of the U.S. 

The Company sells to both foreign and domestic markets as follows: 

United States 
Canada 
Japan 
China/Taiwan 
Other export 

2017 

2016 

$ 1,364,294 
254,941 
145,324 
121,238 
104,309 

$ 1,248,684 
234,308 
137,795 
91,606 
80,319 

$ 1,990,106 

$ 1,792,712 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of Canadian Dollars, except number of shares and per share amounts) 
____________________ 

76 

22. Segmented Information (continued): 

Sales by product line are as follows: 

Lumber 
Logs 
Wood chips and other by products 
Ocean freight and other 

2017 

2016 

$ 1,679,428 
157,641 
146,452 
6,585 

$ 1,458,296 
179,275 
145,608 
9,533 

$ 1,990,106 

$ 1,792,712 

Non-current assets by geographic location are as follows: 

United States 
Canada 

23. Capital management: 

2017 

2016 

$  679,951 
249,968 

$  666,839 
348,796 

$  929,919 

$ 1,015,635 

The Company’s policy is to maintain a strong capital base so as to maintain investor, 
creditor and market confidence and to sustain future development of the business.   

The Company seeks to maintain a balance between the higher returns that might be 
possible with the leverage afforded by higher borrowing levels and the security afforded 
by a sound capital position.  The Company’s target is to create value for its shareholders 
over the long term through increases in share value. 

There were no changes in the Company’s approach to capital management during 2017.  
Under its debt financing agreements, the Company cannot exceed a total debt to total 
capitalization ratio, with total debt defined as the total of indebtedness, including letters 
of credit, and long term debt, net of cash and cash equivalents up to a limit; and total 
capitalization defined as total debt plus shareholders’ equity and  
subordinated debt, excluding non-controlling interests, deferred income taxes, and a 
maximum of $20 million cumulative (from January 1, 2012) non-cash asset 
revaluations.  The financial covenants under the debt financing agreements also carry a 
minimum working capital, a minimum net worth requirement and a minimum EBITDA 
coverage ratio contingent on the total debt to total capitalization ratio.     
The Company is in compliance with all of its debt covenants and expects to remain in 
compliance. 

24. Financial instruments: 

(a) Fair value of financial instruments: 

At December 31, 2017, the fair value of the Company's long term debt exceeded its 
carrying value by $6,937,000 (2016 – $7,378,000), measured based on the level 2 
of the fair value hierarchy.  The fair values of other financial instruments 
approximate their carrying values due to their short-term nature. 

 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of Canadian Dollars, except number of shares and per share amounts) 
____________________ 

77 

24. Financial instruments (continued): 

(b) Derivative financial instruments: 

Derivative financial instruments in an asset position are classified as Trade accounts 
receivable and other in the Statements of Financial Position, while derivative 
financial instruments in a liability position are classified as Trade accounts payable 
and provisions.  Financial instrument assets and liabilities are not netted for 
purposes of presentation in the financial statements. 

The Company may use a variety of derivative financial instruments to reduce its 
exposure to risks associated with fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, interest 
rates and lumber prices.  These include foreign currency forward, collar and option 
contracts, interest rate swaps, and lumber futures.   

Two of the Company’s interest rate swaps matured on April 14, 2016 and its   
remaining two interest rate swaps matured on February 27, 2017.   

The Company did not trade any foreign exchange contracts in 2017 or 2016. 

To manage price risk, the Company also traded lumber futures which were 
designated as held for trading with changes in fair value recorded in Sales in Net 
earnings.  As at December 31, 2017 the Company recognized $6,000 (2016 - $nil) in 
Trade accounts payable and other in respect of the fair value of the outstanding 
contracts measured based on Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. 

Lumber futures are traded through a well-established financial services firm with a 
long history of providing trading, exchange and clearing services for commodities 
and foreign currencies.  As trading activities are closely monitored by senior 
management and restricted including a maximum number of outstanding contracts at 
any point in time the risk of credit loss on these instruments is low. 

The following table summarizes the gain (loss) on derivative financial instruments for 
the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. 

Interest rate swaps¹ 
Lumber futures² 

Total gain, net 

1
 Recognized in Other comprehensive income. 
2 Recognized in Sales in Net earnings. 

(c) Hedge of investment in foreign operations: 

$ 

2017 

(11) 
254 

$ 

243 

2016 

(51) 
(1) 

(52) 

$ 

$ 

U.S. Dollar drawings under the Revolving Term Line and Senior Secured Notes were 
designated as hedges against the Company’s investment in its U.S. operations and 
repayments were de-designated as a hedge.  Interfor recorded unrealized foreign 
exchange gains of $17,768,000 (2016 - $15,680,000) arising on revaluation of 
hedged U.S. Dollar debt in Other comprehensive income for the year ended 
December 31, 2017. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of Canadian Dollars, except number of shares and per share amounts) 
____________________ 

78 

24. Financial instruments (continued): 

(d) Financial risk management: 

The use of financial instruments exposes the Company to credit, liquidity and market 
risk. 

Risk management policies and systems are reviewed regularly to reflect changes in 
market conditions and the Company’s activities.  Through its standards and 
procedures, management has developed a control environment in which employees 
are clear on roles and obligations and management regularly monitors compliance 
with its risk management policies and procedures. 

(i)  Credit risk: 

Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Company if a customer or 
counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations, 
and arises primarily from the Company’s receivables from customers and from 
cash and cash equivalents.   

Accounts receivable 

The Company’s exposure to credit risk is dependent upon individual 
characteristics of each customer.  Each new customer is assessed for 
creditworthiness before payment and delivery terms and conditions are offered, 
with such review encompassing any external ratings, and bank and other 
references.  Purchase limits are established for each customer, and are regularly 
reviewed.  In some cases, where customers fail to meet the Company’s 
benchmark creditworthiness, the Company may choose to transact with the 
customer based on terms which are secured by guarantee or cash deposits. 

The Company regularly reviews the collectability of its accounts receivable and 
establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts based on its best estimate of any 
potentially uncollectible accounts.  Historically, the Company has managed its 
credit tightly and has experienced minimal bad debts.  Based on this past 
experience and its detailed review of trade accounts receivable past due which 
were considered uncollectible, no reserve in respect of doubtful accounts was 
recorded as at December 31, 2017 (2016 - $nil). 

The carrying amount of financial assets represents the maximum credit exposure 
for receivables in North America.  As all log and lumber sales outside of the North 
American markets are typically insured by the Export Development Corporation 
to 90% or secured by irrevocable letters of credit, credit exposure for these sales 
is limited. 

Accounts receivable carrying values at the reporting date by geographic region 
were as follows: 

United States 
Canada 
Japan 
China/Taiwan 
Other 

2017 

$  50,555 
33,132 
4,823 
15,130 
8,830 

2016 

$  61,755 
14,243 
5,312 
7,397 
6,352 

$  112,470 

$  95,059 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of Canadian Dollars, except number of shares and per share amounts) 
____________________ 

79 

24. Financial instruments (continued): 

(d) Financial risk management (continued): 

(i)  Credit risk (continued): 

Deposits 

The Company limits its exposure to credit risk by only investing in liquid 
securities and only with counterparties that have a high credit rating.  As such, 
management does not expect any counterparty to fail to meet its obligations. 

Guarantees 

The Company did not provide any guarantees in 2017. 

(ii) Liquidity risk: 

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will not be able to meet its financial 
obligations as they fall due.  The Company ensures, as far as possible, that it will 
always have sufficient liquidity to meet obligations when due and monitors cash 
flow requirements daily and projections weekly.  Weekly debt graphs are 
reviewed by senior management to monitor cash balances and debt line 
utilizations.   

The Company also maintains an Operating Line, a Revolving Term Line and a 
U.S. Operating Line that can be drawn on to meet obligations. 

The following table summarizes Interfor’s credit facilities and available liquidity as 
of December 31, 2017:  

Thousands of Canadian Dollars 

Operating 
Line 

  Revolving 
Term 
Line 

Senior 

U.S. 
Secured  Operating 
Line 

Notes 

Total 

Available line of credit 
Maximum borrowing available    65,000   200,000    250,900   
Less: 

$  65,000  $ 200,000  $ 250,900  $  62,725  $ 578,625 
62,725    578,625 

-  

-    250,900   

-    250,900 

Drawings 
Outstanding letters of credit 
included in line utilization   

12,515  

-   

Unused portion of facility 

$  52,485 $ 200,000  $  

Add:  Unrestricted cash and cash equivalents 

Available liquidity at December 31, 2017 

2,634   

-   
15,149 
-  $  60,091  $ 312,576 

131,263 

$ 443,839 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of Canadian Dollars, except number of shares and per share amounts) 
____________________ 

80 

24. Financial instruments (continued): 

(d) Financial risk management (continued): 

(ii) Liquidity risk (continued): 

The estimated cash payments due in respect of contractual and legal obligations 
including capital commitments are summarized as follows:  

Payments due by period 
Up to 
1 year 

2-3 
years 

4-5 
years 

After 5 
years 

Total 

Trade accounts payable and 
     accrued liabilities 
224 
Income taxes payable 
42,550 
Reforestation liability 
Long term debt 
307,317 
Provisions and other liabilities  44,278 
Operating leases and  
     capital commitments 

96,927 

$ 141,013  $ 141,013  $ 

224 
12,873 
10,469 
11,226 

-  $ 
- 
13,112 
20,937 
8,041 

-  $ 
- 
7,580 
101,078 
2,140 

- 
- 
8,985 
174,833 
22,871 

50,097 

20,459 

11,630 

14,741 

Total obligations 

$ 632,309  $ 225,902  $  62,549  $ 122,428  $ 221,430 

(iii) Market risk: 

Market risk is the risk that changes in market prices, such as foreign exchange 
rates, interest rates and equity prices, will affect the Company’s income or the 
value of its holdings of financial instruments.  The objective of market risk 
management is to manage and control market risk exposures within acceptable 
parameters, while optimizing the return relative to risk. 

Currency risk 

The Company is exposed to currency risk on cash and cash equivalents, accounts 
receivable, accounts payable and provisions, long term debt and intercompany 
loans that are denominated in a currency other than the respective functional 
currencies of the Company’s domestic and foreign operations.   

The Company may use foreign currency exchange forward, collar and option 
contracts to manage its currency risk from time to time.  The Company routinely 
assesses its foreign exchange exposure by reviewing outstanding contracts, 
pending order files and working capital denominated in foreign currencies. 

At December 31, 2017, the Company has U.S. Dollar drawings under its Senior 
Secured Notes of US$200,000,000 (2016 - Senior Secured Notes – 
US$200,000,000; Revolving Term Line – US$30,000,000).  These U.S. Dollar 
drawings have been designated as a hedge against the Company’s net 
investment in its U.S. operations.   

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of Canadian Dollars, except number of shares and per share amounts) 
____________________ 

81 

24. Financial instruments (continued): 

(d) Financial risk management (continued): 

(iii) Market risk: 

Currency risk (continued) 

As at December 31, the Company’s accounts receivable were denominated in the 
following currencies (in thousands): 

2017 

Accounts receivable 
Accounts receivable held by foreign 

CAD 

USD 

Japanese ¥ 

36,320 

28,452 

13,559 

subsidiaries with USD functional currency 

- 

32,129 

- 

2016 

Accounts receivable 
Accounts receivable held by foreign 

36,320 

60,581 

13,559 

CAD 

USD 

Japanese ¥ 

18,072 

20,614 

19,230 

subsidiaries with USD functional currency 

- 

36,559 

- 

18,072 

57,173 

19,230 

As at December 31, 2017, the domestic operations of the Company held cash and 
cash equivalents of US$2,397,000 (2016 – US$7,503,000).  Cash and cash 
equivalents held by foreign subsidiaries totaled US$48,965,000 (2016 - 
US$5,195,000). 

Based on the Company’s net exposure to foreign currencies as at December 31, 
2017, including U.S. Dollar denominated cash and cash equivalents, long term 
debt and other financial instruments, the sensitivity of the U.S. Dollar balances to 
the Company’s net annual earnings is as follows: 

U.S. Dollar 

$0.01 increase vs CAD   

$380,000 increase in Net earnings 

Based on the Company’s net exposure to foreign currencies as at December 31, 
2017, in respect of its net investment in U.S. subsidiaries, the sensitivity of the 
U.S. Dollar balances to the Company’s Other comprehensive income is as follows: 

U.S. Dollar 

$0.01 increase vs CAD   

$2,959,000 increase in OCI 

Interest rate risk 

Until they matured on February 27, 2017, the use of interest rate swaps, which 
convert floating rate interest expense to fix rate interest expense, reduced the 
Company’s exposure to changes in interest rates on borrowings.  Exposure to 
floating rate interest was further reduced in 2017, with the repayment of all 
drawings under its Revolving Term Line. 

The remaining US$200,000,000 borrowings under the Senior Secured Notes were 
outstanding for the entire year (note 8(b)) and bear interest at fixed rates 
ranging from 4.02% to 4.33%. 

Based on the Company’s average debt level during 2017, the sensitivity of a 100 
basis point increase in interest rates would result in an approximate decrease of 
$287,000 in Net earnings. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of Canadian Dollars, except number of shares and per share amounts) 
____________________ 

82 

24. Financial instruments (continued): 

(d) Financial risk management (continued): 

(iii) Market risk (continued): 

Other market price risk 

The Company does not enter into commodity contracts other than to meet the 
Company’s expected usage and sale requirements. 

 
ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM 

Prepared as of February 8, 2018 

83  

In this Annual Information Form, the term “Company”, “Interfor”, “we” or “our” means 
Interfor Corporation together with its subsidiaries.  The results reported herein have been 
prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).  All 
information in this Annual Information Form is presented as at December 31, 2017, and all 
amounts are in Canadian Dollars, unless otherwise specified herein. 

Forward-Looking Information  

This Annual Information Form contains forward-looking information about the Company’s 
business outlook, objectives, plans, strategic priorities and other information that is not 
historical fact.  A statement contains forward-looking information when the Company uses 
what it knows and expects today, to make a statement about the future.  Forward-looking 
information is included under the headings “Recent Developments”; “Manufacturing and 
Timber Supply”, “Sales, Marketing and Competitive Position”, “Distribution”, “Human 
Resources”, “Environment and Social”, “Research and Development”, and ”Risk Factors”.  
Statements containing forward-looking information may include words such as: will, could, 
should, believe, expect, anticipate, intend, forecast, projection, target, outlook, opportunity, 
risk or strategy.   

Readers are cautioned that actual results may vary from the forward-looking information in 
this report, and undue reliance should not be placed on such forward-looking information.  
Risk factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking 
information in this report are described in Interfor’s annual Management’s Discussion & 
Analysis under the heading “Risks and Uncertainties”, which is available on 
www.interfor.com and under Interfor’s profile on www.sedar.com.  Material factors and 
assumptions used to develop the forward-looking information in this report include volatility 
in the selling prices for lumber, logs and wood chips; the Company’s ability to compete on a 
global basis; the availability and cost of log supply; natural or man-made disasters; 
currency exchange rates; changes in government regulations; the availability of the 
Company’s allowable annual cut (“AAC”); claims by and treaty settlements with Indigenous 
peoples; the Company’s ability to export its products; the softwood lumber dispute between 
Canada and the U.S.; stumpage fees payable to the Province of British Columbia (“B.C.”); 
environmental impacts of the Company’s operations; labour disruptions; and cyber-security 
measures.   

Unless otherwise indicated, the forward-looking information in this report is based on the 
Company’s expectations at the date of this report.  Interfor undertakes no obligation to 
update such forward-looking information, except as required by law. 

Description of Business 

Interfor is a leading global supplier of lumber products.  The Company has annual 
production capacity of approximately 3.1 billion board feet and offers one of the most 
diverse lines of lumber products to customers in North America, the Asia-Pacific region and 
Europe. 

The Company has sawmilling operations in British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, Georgia, 
South Carolina and Arkansas.  Interfor also owns value-added remanufacturing facilities in 
Washington and Georgia.   

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Annual Information Form 

____________________ 

Company History and Description 

84

Our business originated in the 1930’s with a sawmill in Whonnock, about 48 kilometres east 
of Vancouver, B.C.  Since that time, we have made significant investments to expand, 
upgrade and diversify our production facilities and timber base through capital programs 
and the acquisition of manufacturing plants and timber resources. 

The Company was incorporated under the Company Act (British Columbia) on May 6, 1963 
and, on December 1, 1979, was amalgamated with subsidiary Whonnock Forest Products 
Limited.  On January 1, 1988, a change in name from Whonnock Industries Limited to 
International Forest Products Limited occurred.  On February 10, 2006, we transitioned 
under the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia).  Effective on May 6, 2014, the 
Company’s name was changed to Interfor Corporation.  Our head office and our registered 
and records offices are located at Suite 3500, 1055 Dunsmuir Street, Vancouver, British 
Columbia, V7X 1H7. 

Our significant indirectly wholly-owned subsidiary, Interfor U.S. Inc., is incorporated in the 
State of Washington and owns and operates our U.S. sawmills.  Interfor Cedarprime Inc. 
(incorporated in the State of Washington) is also an indirectly wholly owned subsidiary of 
Interfor.  Directly wholly-owned subsidiaries include Interfor U.S. Holdings Inc. 
(incorporated in Washington), Interfor Sales & Marketing Ltd.  (incorporated in British 
Columbia), Interfor Japan Ltd.  (incorporated in British Columbia), Interfor Insurance 
Corporation (incorporated in Barbados), and Seaboard Shipping Company Limited 
(incorporated in British Columbia). 

Recent Developments 

2015 

On January 27, 2015, Interfor closed a bought deal public offering of subscription receipts 
(the “Subscription Receipts”) through a syndicate of underwriters.  The Company issued an 
aggregate of 3,300,000 Subscription Receipts at a price of $20.10 per Subscription Receipt, 
for aggregate gross proceeds of $66.3 million (the “Offering”).  Each Subscription Receipt 
entitled the holder thereof, for no additional consideration and without further action, to one 
Common Share upon closing of the acquisition of four sawmills and associated working 
capital from Simpson Lumber Company, LLC (“Simpson”).  Net proceeds of the Offering 
were used to partially fund this acquisition. 

On March 1, 2015, Interfor completed its acquisition of four sawmills and associated 
working capital from Simpson.  The sawmills are located in Tacoma, Washington; Longview, 
Washington; Meldrim, Georgia and Georgetown, South Carolina.   

On March 16, 2015, the Company completed a US$100 million term debt financing of Senior 
Secured Notes with Prudential Capital Group.  The Senior Secured Notes carry an annual 
interest rate of 4.17% and have a final maturity of March 26, 2026.  The proceeds were 
used to reduce the drawings under the Company’s Revolving Term Line.  In conjunction with 
this financing, Interfor decreased the credit available under its Revolving Term Line from 
$250 million to $200 million, without change to other terms and conditions. 

On April 27, 2015, Interfor extended the maturity date of its U.S. Operating Line from April 
28, 2015, to May 1, 2017, and increased the credit available under that line from US$30 
million to US$50 million to provide enhanced financial flexibility.   

 
 
 
 
     
 
 
Annual Information Form 

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85

On May 22, 2015, Interfor curtailed operations at its Tacoma sawmill as a result of 
challenging lumber and log market conditions.  Following a comprehensive strategic review, 
the Company announced its decision on July 30, 2015, to exit the mill.  The Tacoma sawmill 
accounted for 47 million board feet of production in 2015 since acquisition. 

On June 19, 2015, Interfor closed its acquisition of a sawmill and associated working capital 
in Monticello, Arkansas, from Price Lumber Company.  This acquisition increased Interfor’s 
U.S. South production capacity to 1.3 billion board feet and raised the proportion of 
Interfor’s total capacity in the U.S. South to more than 40%.   

2016 

The capital project to upgrade the Company’s sawmill in Castlegar, B.C. was substantially 
complete by the end of 2015 and it was operating at its designed productivity level to start 
2016. 

On February 9, 2016, Interfor renewed and extended its Canadian Operating Line of credit 
and Revolving Term Line to a new maturity date of May 19, 2019.  The commitment 
amount, security and pricing grid remained unchanged, but the renewal included a number 
of improved provisions to provide enhanced financial flexibility and liquidity. 

On June 15, 2016, the Company extended the maturity of its U.S. Operating Line from May 
1, 2017 to May 1, 2018, without significant change to other terms. 

On November 30, 2016, Interfor closed the sale of the Tacoma sawmill property for gross 
proceeds of US$32.4 million.  Net cash proceeds from the sale of the property were 
US$20.4 million after taking into account transaction costs and US$10 million of contingent 
consideration owed to Simpson.  

2017 

In 2017, the U.S. Department of Commerce and the U.S. International Trade Commission 
determined that the U.S. industry is materially injured by imports of softwood lumber 
products from Canada and imposed amended final countervailing (“CV”) and anti-dumping 
(“AD”) duties of 14.19% and 6.04%, respectively, on Interfor’s shipments of softwood 
lumber from Canada into the U.S.  These duties only impact approximately 15% of 
Interfor’s total lumber sales, on average.  CV duties were applicable from April 28, 2017 
until August 26, 2017 and from December 28, 2017 onwards.  AD duties were applicable 
from June 30, 2017 through December 26, 2017 and from December 28, 2017 onwards.  
The U.S. International Trade Commission ruling that the U.S. industry was materially 
injured by Canada’s trade practices has set the stage for ongoing litigation.  The 
Government of Canada has indicated it will appeal the U.S. findings and defend itself 
vigorously against all claims of unfair trade practices made by the U.S.  As in previous trade 
cases, the softwood lumber dispute may take years to resolve itself through the legal 
process, and remains open to a negotiated settlement at any time.  

On March 7, 2017, the Company launched a normal course issuer bid (“NCIB”) to purchase 
for  cancellation  up  to  3,500,000  of  its  common  shares,  representing  approximately  5%  of 
the  common  shares  issued  and  outstanding  as  of  March  2,  2017.    As  of  the  date  of  this 
report,  no  shares  have  been  purchased  by  the  Company  under  the  NCIB.    The  NCIB  will 
expire on March 6, 2018. 

On May 17, 2017, the Company extended the maturity of its U.S. Operating Line from May 
1, 2018 to May 1, 2019, without significant change to other terms. 

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
Annual Information Form 

____________________ 

86

On September 15, 2017, the Company extended its Canadian Operating Line of credit and 
Revolving Term Line from May 19, 2019 to September 15, 2021 with an additional 
borrowing margin and stand-by fee tier, reducing the cost for both drawn and undrawn 
amounts.  There were no other significant changes.   

On November 2, 2017, Interfor announced large scale projects at its Meldrim and Monticello 
sawmills, which represent a total investment of approximately US$65 million, and are 
expected to be completed in Q1’19.  These two projects are designed to add annual lumber 
production capacity of approximately 150 million board feet and enhance operating margins 
at these operations. 

The U.S. tax reform enacted in December 2017 reduced the effective tax rate on Interfor’s 
U.S. operations from approximately 37% to 24%.   

Manufacturing and Timber Supply 

We operate five sawmills in B.C. and have U.S. operations comprising two sawmills and one 
remanufacturing plant in Washington, two sawmills in Oregon, one sawmill in South 
Carolina, one sawmill in Arkansas, and seven sawmills and one remanufacturing plant in 
Georgia.  These operations produce a wide range of products for sale in North American and 
offshore markets.  The products range from commodity structural lumber through to 
specialty products, such as exterior decking and siding, machine stress rated products, 
industrial timbers and a wide range of appearance grade items.  

The mills are capable of cutting logs of various species and grades ranging in diameter from 
4 inches to 80 inches.  Many of our manufacturing facilities have recently been upgraded 
and modified to improve the matching of timber resources with customers' lumber 
requirements. 

Rated capacity and production of lumber for each region is set out in the following table:   

Sawmills 

B.C. Coast(2) 

B.C. Interior 
U.S. Northwest(3) 
U.S. Southeast(4) 

Total 

Present 
Rated 
Capacity 
(1) 

Production for years 
ended 
December 31, 

2017 

2016 

2015 

(millions of board feet) 

320 

750 

640 

148 

727 

564 

159 

717 

570 

164 

620 

655 

1,400 

1,156 

1,042 

1,058 

3,110 

2,595 

2,488 

2,497 

(1)  Based on two shifts per day and adjusted for regional operating parameters.   
(2)  Volumes include lumber custom-cut at third party facilities under the direction of Interfor 
management amounting to 13, 14 and 13 million board feet in 2015, 2016 and 2017, 
respectively.    

(3)  The Longview and Tacoma sawmills were acquired on March 1, 2015.  The Tacoma mill was 

permanently curtailed in August, 2015 and is not included in present rated capacity.  Volumes 
reported reflect Interfor production only. 

(4)  The Meldrim and Georgetown sawmills were acquired on March 1, 2015.  The Monticello 

sawmill was acquired on June 19, 2015.  Volumes reported reflect Interfor production only. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Annual Information Form 

____________________ 

CANADIAN OPERATIONS 

B.C. Coast 

87

We own and operate two sawmill operations within the B.C. Coast region.  Our Hammond 
operation is located on the Fraser River in Maple Ridge, B.C. and consists of a three-line 
sawmill, a planer mill and dry kilns.  This facility is focused on western red cedar and 
supplies siding, decking, fascia and timbers for both offshore and North American markets. 
Our Acorn operation is located on leased land in Delta, B.C. and consists of a log dewatering 
and merchandizing system, a sawmill, a planer mill and dry kilns.  This sawmill specializes 
in sizes and grades of lumber for use in Japanese traditional housing made primarily from 
hemlock and Douglas-fir logs. 

B.C. Interior 

We own and operate three sawmill operations within the B.C. Interior region with timber 
tenures having a total AAC of 1.66 million cubic metres.  Our Adams Lake operation is 
located near Kamloops, B.C., while our Castlegar and Grand Forks operations are located in 
the southern interior of B.C.  These mills manufacture kiln-dried lumber for the U.S. and 
Canadian construction markets as well as for offshore markets, and have the capability to 
cut Douglas-fir, spruce-pine-fir (“SPF”), fir-larch, western red cedar and hemlock dimension 
lumber.  The Castlegar operation includes a transportation system for transporting logs on 
Arrow Lake. 

B.C. Timber Supply 

In the Province of British Columbia, the government or “Crown” owns 95% of the 
timberlands from which the majority of our timber is harvested.  Forest and timber 
harvesting operations on Crown land in B.C. are regulated under the Forest and Range 
Practices Act (British Columbia) and the Forest Act (British Columbia).  The Government of 
B.C. is responsible for setting the harvest levels, approving forest stewardship plans and 
cutting permits, determining the stumpage system and managing compliance and 
enforcement.   

The Province provides for the use of Crown forest land through the granting of various 
forms of timber tenures.  These tenure agreements provide timber harvesting rights in 
exchange for annual rent and stumpage fees payable to the Crown. 

Interfor is required to manage forest resources under our tenures in accordance with the 
requirements of the applicable laws and regulations.  Forest management of our tenures is 
guided by a team of forest professionals that are engaged in a wide array of activities such 
as resource planning, forest development, road building and harvesting, reforestation, 
forest protection and environmental certification.   

We hold various Forest Licence (“FL”), Tree Farm Licence (“TFL”) and Timber Licence 
tenures that currently provide for an AAC of approximately of 3.46 million cubic meters.  
The majority of Interfor’s tenures are long-term (15 and 25 year) renewable agreements 
that are generally replaced every five to ten years. 

Our timber supply needs are met by a combination of logs harvested from our own timber 
tenures, long-term trade and supply agreements, and log purchases on the open market.  
When operating at normal capacity, our mills in B.C. currently acquire approximately one-
third of their log supply from external sources.   

On the B.C. Coast, we harvest a variety of species consisting primarily of western hemlock, 
amabilis fir, western red cedar and Douglas-fir.  In the B.C. Interior, the species mix 
consists of spruce, pine, fir, Douglas-fir, larch and cedar.  The harvest is derived from both 

 
 
 
Annual Information Form 

____________________ 

88

old growth and second growth stands.  Whereas one-half of the harvest currently comes 
from second growth stands on the B.C. Coast, this amount is expected to increase over the 
next several decades.  Logging operations are seasonal due to a number of factors including 
weather, ground conditions and fire season closures.   

The following table shows our AAC under our FL and TFL tenures and other cutting rights 
and the volume of timber harvested under our FLs and TFLs and other cutting rights for the 
periods specified.  It also presents the volume of log purchases and sales during the period. 

B.C. Timber Supply 

Allowable Annual Cut (1) 
  — Forest Licences 

  — Tree Farm Licences 

  — Non Replaceable Forest Licences 
  — Discretionary Annual Harvest Levels(2)  

Total AAC 

Log Production 
  — Coast(3) 
  — Interior 

Total Log Production 

Years ended December 31, 

2018 

2017 

2016 

2015 

(thousands of cubic metres) 

2,566 

2,775 

2,775 

2,775 

840 

875 

875 

- 

50 

- 

50 

- 

50 

875 

220 

80 

3,456 

3,700 

3,700 

3,950 

1,296 

1,308 

1,331 

1,725 

1,657 

1,708 

3,021 

2,965 

3,039 

Log Purchases 

1,271 

1,199 

1,112 

Log Sales 

1,203 

1,296 

1,453 

(1)  AAC status at the beginning of each year (includes a provision for non-recoverable fibre). 
(2)  Includes Timber Licence tenures. 
(3)  2017  volumes  include  production  volume  of  25,000  cubic  metres  of  third  party  timber  sales 

managed by Interfor (2016 – 16,000 cubic metres, 2015 – 30,000 cubic metres). 

Forest Health 

The Mountain Pine Beetle (“MPB”) infestation has resulted in the mortality of a significant 
portion of the mature pine trees in the B.C. Interior.  The greatest impact has been in the 
central interior region where there is a high percentage (over 60%) of pine in the forest.  
Interfor operations are in the southern interior which have a much lower percentage of pine 
(less than 30%) and are less affected by the MPB.  The longer term timber supply impacts 
of the MPB are not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s operating areas.      

Indigenous Peoples 

Indigenous peoples have claimed title and rights over substantial portions of B.C.  The 
Governments (Federal and Provincial) have been seeking to negotiate settlements with 
Indigenous peoples to address these claims. In addition, the Government has a duty to 
consult and, where appropriate, accommodate Indigenous peoples interests as this process 
continues.   

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Annual Information Form 

____________________ 

89

Interfor tenures overlap with the traditional territories of over 60 different First Nations, and 
the Company has numerous agreements and initiatives in place to develop economic 
opportunities of mutual benefit.  The Company is committed to working with Indigenous 
peoples and each Indigenous group is notified prior to development activities as part of the 
Forest Stewardship Planning process.   

U.S. OPERATIONS 

U.S. Northwest 

We own and operate four sawmill operations in the U.S. Northwest (“NW”).  Three of these 
operations, located in Port Angeles, Washington, Longview, Washington and Molalla, 
Oregon, produce stud lumber for the U.S. construction market.  Both the Port Angeles and 
Molalla sawmills produce kiln-dried stud lumber from Hemlock and Douglas-fir logs while the 
Longview sawmill produces green Douglas-fir stud lumber with a focus on servicing home 
centers.  Port Angeles also produces lumber in 12 foot lengths for the U.S. market and is 
capable of producing metric sizes for export. 

Our Gilchrist sawmill located in Gilchrist, Oregon, processes Lodgepole and Ponderosa pine 
logs to produce a wide range of specialty and industrial lumber products.  This sawmill has 
an onsite cogeneration plant to produce electricity for its own use as well as steam for its 
dry kilns.  At this location, we own and operate a short line railroad to connect to a mainline 
for shipment of lumber. 

We also own and operate a value-added cedar remanufacturing facility in Sumas, 
Washington. 

U.S. South 

We own and operate nine sawmill operations in the U.S. South.  Seven of these sawmills are 
located in Georgia (Baxley, Eatonton, Swainsboro, Thomaston, Preston, Perry and Meldrim), 
one is located in Georgetown, South Carolina and another in Monticello, Arkansas.  These 
nine sawmills produce southern yellow pine lumber in a range of dimensions from 2x4 
through 2x12 products, with 4x4 products also produced at certain mills. 

We also own and operate a value-added southern yellow pine remanufacturing facility in 
Perry, Georgia. 

U.S. Timber Supply 

U.S. Northwest  

Timber supply in the NW is sourced from a broad distribution of forest land ownership 
(forest industrial lands, small private landowners, and State and Federal lands).  These 
sources represent a long-term supply base from which mills purchase their timber supply.  
In 2017, approximately 58% of the log supply in the NW came from land that is owned by 
industrial and small private landowners, while the remainder was sourced from State, 
Federal and tribal lands. 

Our timber supply requirements at the Port Angeles sawmill are weighted to western 
hemlock with lesser volumes of Douglas-fir.  At our Longview location, we only purchase 
Douglas-fir.  Douglas-fir is the prominent species, with smaller volumes of western hemlock 
and white fir at the Molalla sawmill.  All three of our western Oregon and Washington 
sawmills depend on private industrial landowners and small private landowners for the 
majority of their supply.  The remainder of their supply is comprised of timber from State, 
Federal, and tribal lands. 

 
 
 
 
 
Annual Information Form 

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90

At the Gilchrist sawmill, log purchases consist primarily of Lodgepole pine and Ponderosa 
pine that are harvested from second growth forests and the thinning of young stands from 
surrounding National Forests.  This volume is supplemented with purchases from industrial 
and non-industrial private lands. 

U.S. South 

Timber in the U.S. South is sourced primarily from privately held timberlands with only 
minor volumes coming from publicly owned timberlands.  Private timberland ownership 
includes non-industrial private owners, timber real estate investment trusts (“timber 
REITs”) and various institutional investors such as pension funds, who are typically 
represented by a timberland investment management organization (“TIMO”).  Both timber 
REITs and TIMOs are considered industrial timberland owners.  Interfor’s sawmills in the 
U.S. South purchase timber comprised exclusively of southern yellow pine, originating from 
each of these sources. 

The total 2018 log supply requirement for the mills in the U.S. is estimated to be supplied 
from the following sources:   

Expected Sources of Timber 2018 

State, Federal and tribal lands 

Industrial lands 

Private lands 

U.S.  

Northwest 

42% 

45% 

13% 

100% 

U.S.  

South 

1% 

29% 

70% 

100% 

 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Annual Information Form 

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91

Sales, Marketing and Competitive Position 

The global markets for the Company’s products are highly competitive and producers 
compete primarily on the basis of price.  In addition, a majority of Interfor’s lumber 
production is sold into markets where competitors have the same or larger capacity and 
may be lower cost producers.   

The following table shows our lumber sales by geographic area and total sales by product 
line for the past three years: 

Lumber 
  — U.S.A.   

  — Japan 

  — Canada 

  — China 

  — Other export 

Offshore transportation and handling 

Logs 

Wood chips and other residuals 

Ocean freight, contract services  

and other 

Total sales 

Years ended December 31, 

2017 

2016 

2015 

(thousands of dollars) 

   $1,231,279  

$  1,098,106  

$  996,683  

130,817 

128,437 

81,146 

77,593 

30,157 

123,878 

124,252 

92,248 

59,102 

60,179 

24,783 

94,483 

66,581 

47,104 

32,089 

1,679,428 

1,458,296 

1,361,192 

157,641 

146,452 

179,275 

145,608 

174,090 

141,717 

6,585 

9,533 

10,376 

$1,990,106 

$1,792,712 

$1,687,375 

Lumber Sales 

Like other commodities, the demand for lumber is cyclical.  It is affected by factors such as 
interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, freight rates, government tariffs and import 
policies, and overall demand.     

In order to diminish the impact of rapid cyclical changes in any one market, we strategically 
target worldwide markets and offer a diverse range of products.  Interfor also has a specific 
customer and product base in various countries, providing a diversified sales profile.  Many 
of our operations are strategically located close to ports which allow us to fully realize on 
the opportunities that are available to us in our overseas markets.   

Product and market diversification is particularly important as the variability inherent in the 
log resource produces a much wider spectrum of product sizes and quality.  A continuing 
priority for our Company is to develop products and markets that more fully realize the 
potential for higher grades, special dimensions and value-added items.  

Lumber sales and marketing activities are organized into two sales groups to leverage 
global expertise:  Export and North America.  Interfor Japan Ltd., with an office in Tokyo, 
has developed niche markets and has increased sales directly to end-users in the Japan 
market.  We also have an office in France to serve Continental Europe and Middle Eastern 
markets, and an office in China to support that country’s growing demand for wood.   

The primary market for our cedar product line continues to be North America where markets 
are serviced through a combination of regional wholesale distributors and direct retail sales.  

 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
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92

Gains have been made, however, in diversifying cedar sales into offshore markets in 
Europe, China, Japan and Australia.   

In North America, we currently service our customer base from two sales locations.  Our 
products produced by our sawmills in Canada and the U.S. Northwest are sold out of our 
office in Burnaby, B.C.  Our products produced by our sawmills in the U.S. South are sold 
out of our office in Peachtree City, Georgia.   

Log Sales 

We purchase and sell logs in order to obtain the appropriate size, grade and species of log 
to suit market conditions and each mill’s cutting profile.  We buy or trade logs through 
agreements and open market transactions and sell logs that are either unsuitable for cutting 
or in excess of our manufacturing requirements.   

Wood Chips and Other Residuals Sales 

As a by-product of lumber production, our sawmills produce wood chips and other residuals.  
Essentially all of our wood chips produced in B.C. are sold under short-term and long-term 
contracts to pulp producers.  In general, wood chips produced on the B.C. Coast are sold at 
prices related to current Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (“NBSK”) pulp prices, while the 
wood chips produced in the B.C. Interior are sold at current market prices for chips.  Chips 
from our U.S. Northwest and U.S. South operations are sold to pulp and paper producers or 
fibre board manufacturers under short-term arrangements, with the exception of the 
Baxley, Georgetown, Meldrim, Gilchrist and Longview sawmills which each have a long-term 
contract with a pulp and paper producer.   

Distribution 

We use various modes of surface transportation to deliver our lumber products.  Shipments 
to export markets are done by container and break-bulk vessels while shipments of lumber 
within North America are done by truck and rail.  In 2017, break-bulk shipments were 
transported under contract with an independent ocean carrier and this same arrangement is 
in place for 2018.  Chips and logs are normally delivered by tug and barge or by truck.  In 
Gilchrist, Oregon, and in Grand Forks, B.C. we own short line railroads that connect to Class 
1 railroads for shipping lumber and chips. 

Human Resources 

In B.C., we directly employ approximately 1,187 people in our logging and manufacturing 
operations and corporate offices.  The Canadian United Steel Workers (“USW”) is the 
certified bargaining agent for approximately 556 of these people.  The agreement with 
the USW for the B.C. Coast has an expiry date of June 14, 2019, while the Southern Interior 
USW agreement expires on June 30, 2018.   The Canadian Marine Service Guild (“CMSG”) 
represents 22 employees, and their collective agreement expires September 30, 2019.   

In the U.S., we employ approximately 1,875 employees in our sawmill and remanufacturing 
operations in Washington, Oregon, Georgia, Arkansas, South Carolina and in our offices 
located in Bellingham, Washington and Peachtree City, Georgia.   The International 
Association of Machinists (“IAM”) is the certified bargaining agent for approximately 92 of 
these people employed in the Longview, Washington sawmill.  The IAM collective agreement 
expires on November 15, 2020. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Environment 

93

Interfor is committed to responsible stewardship of the environment.  We maintain an 
Environmental Management System (“EMS”) for all of our woodlands and manufacturing 
facilities.  The EMS provides a structure for identifying, addressing and managing 
environmental issues.  Audits are performed regularly in both the woodlands and 
manufacturing operations to verify its effectiveness.   

Regulatory Compliance  

Extensive provincial, state, federal or other laws and regulations apply to most aspects of 
our business activities.  Interfor has incurred and will continue to incur, capital expenditures 
and operating costs to comply with environmental laws and regulations, including U.S. 
Maximum Achievable Control Technology (“MACT”) and continuous monitoring requirements 
applicable to certain of our boilers.  These costs have not and are not expected to have a 
material financial or operational effect on the Company or its competitive position.   

Forest Management Certification 

Interfor has achieved the internationally recognized Sustainable Forestry Initiative forest 
management certification for all of our B.C. woodlands operations.  Independent third party 
certification audits are conducted by KPMG Performance Registrar Inc.  

Chain of Custody and Responsible Purchasing 

Interfor maintains Chain-of-Custody certifications at certain mills and fibre sourcing 
procedures that track logs coming from sustainably managed forests through the 
manufacturing process.   

Coast Forest Conservation Initiative 

Interfor is a member of the Coast Forest Conservation Initiative (“CFCI”) – a collaborative 
effort of five B.C. forest product businesses committed to finding new approaches to forest 
conservation and management in B.C.’s Central and North Coast.  CFCI collaborates with 
the Rainforest Solution Project (a group of environmental organizations) in a forum known 
as the Joint Solutions Project (“JSP”).  The joint work done by JSP was a major part of the 
landmark Great Bear Rainforest agreement announced by the province in 2016.   

Reforestation and Other Forestry-related Liabilities.   

Crown legislation requires the Company to complete reforestation activities on its forest and 
timber tenures.  Accordingly, Interfor records the estimated liability for reforestation as 
timber is cut, and includes these expenses in the cost of current production.  The estimate 
of future reforestation costs is based on detailed prescriptions of reforestation as prepared 
by Registered Professional Foresters employed or contracted by the Company.  
Considerations include the specifics of the areas logged and the treatments prescribed for 
those areas, as well as the timing and success rates of the planned activities.  Estimates of 
reforestation liabilities are reviewed annually or more frequently if required, and can be 
materially impacted by forest fires, wildlife grazing, unfavourable weather conditions, 
changing legislative requirements and standards, or inaccurate projections, which could 
result in a charge against operating earnings. 

The Company also has a legal obligation to deactivate certain roads constructed for access 
to timber, once that access is no longer required.  Accordingly, Interfor accrues the cost of 
road deactivation as related timber is cut, including those expenses in the cost of current 
production.  The estimate of future road deactivation cost is based on comprehensive plans 
prepared by professional foresters and engineers employed by Interfor and includes such 
considerations as road structure and terrain.  Estimates of road deactivation liabilities are 

 
 
 
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94

reviewed annually or more frequently if required, and can be materially impacted by 
unfavourable terrain, changing legislative requirements and standards, or inaccurate 
projections, which could result in a charge against operating earnings.   

Continual Improvement  

Each year a formal management review of the Company’s sustainable forest management 
program and performance is completed as part of the process of continual improvement. 

Additional information about our environmental work and third party certification is available 
on our website at www.interfor.com and in our sustainability report, which will be made 
available on our website in due course.  

Research and Development 

We contribute to and participate in industry research organizations that have made 
numerous technical developments beneficial to us in areas such as sawing technology, 
drying techniques and anti-sap stain applications.  We are committed to applied research 
and development in the areas of environment, health and safety, forest management, and 
product and market development.  We also conduct product and market research on our 
own in Canada and the U.S.  

Risk Factors 

Discussion of risk factors relating to the Company and its operations is included under the 
heading Risks and Uncertainties within Interfor’s 2017 annual Management’s Discussion and 
Analysis prepared as of February 8, 2018, which is incorporated by reference herein and 
available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com.   

Capital Structure 

The authorized share structure of the Company consists of: 

  150,000,000 Common Shares without Par Value with Special Rights and 

Restrictions (“Common Shares”); and 

  5,000,000 Preference Shares without Par Value with Special Rights and 

Restrictions (“Preference Shares”). 

As at February 8, 2018 there were 70,030,455 Common Shares outstanding.  There were 
no Preference Shares outstanding. 

Common Shares 

Each holder of a Common Share is entitled to receive notice of and to attend and vote in 
person or by proxy at all meetings of the shareholders of the Company and is entitled to 
one vote for each such share held. 

Each holder of a Common Share is entitled to receive such dividends as the directors may in 
their sole discretion declare from time to time.  No holder of a Common Share will be 
entitled to any dividend other than or in excess of the dividends declared by the directors.  
Subject to any special rights or restrictions as to dividends attached to any Preference 
Shares issued and outstanding from time to time, the directors have the discretion to 
declare dividends on the Common Shares. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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95

In the event of the liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company or other 
distribution of its assets for the purpose of winding up its affairs, holders of the Common 
Shares will not receive any amount, property or asset, until the holders of the Preference 
Shares and any other class or series of shares entitled to receive assets of the Company in 
priority to the holders of the Common Shares, have first received the amount to which they 
are entitled.  Thereafter, the holders of the Common Shares will be entitled to all remaining 
property and assets of the Company on a share for share basis. 

Preference Shares 

The Preference Shares may be issued in one or more series.  The directors may by 
resolution fix the number of Preference Shares in each series, determine the designation of 
the Preference Shares of each series, and attach special rights and restrictions to the 
Preference Shares of each series. 

The Preference Shares rank in priority over the Common Shares and any other shares 
ranking junior to the Preference Shares with respect to the payment of dividends and the 
distribution of assets of the Company in the event of the liquidation, dissolution or winding-
up of the Company. 

The registered holders of the Preference Shares shall not be entitled as a class to receive 
notice of or to attend or to vote at any meeting of shareholders of the Company, except in 
the event of matters affecting the priority rights or any other rights or restrictions attaching 
to the Preference Shares. 

Market for Securities of the Company 

The Common Shares are listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange (“TSX”) under the symbol 
IFP.  The following table sets out the market price range and trading volumes of the 
Common Shares on the TSX for the periods indicated: 

Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) 
2017 Trading Volumes 
Ticker:  IFP 

$ Low  

$ High  

Volume 

13.52 
13.49 
16.21 
16.77 
17.43 
17.47 
17.10 
17.01 
17.29 
19.65 
20.60 
19.70 

15.21 
18.75 
18.74 
20.34 
20.33 
19.08 
19.83 
20.40 
20.09 
22.14 
22.43 
21.80 

2,733,084 
7,654,157 
5,143,021 
4,775,609 
5,135,148 
2,884,223 
3,053,848 
3,961,723 
5,371,349 
5,259,343 
4,918,468 
3,136,685 

Month 

January 
February 
March 
April 
May 
June 
July 
August 
September 
October 
November 
December 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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96

Securities Subject to Contractual Restriction on Transfer 

Designation of class 

Number of securities that 
are subject to a 
contractual restriction on 
transfer 

Percentage of class 

Common Shares 

3.68 million 1 

5.25% 

Note 1: Until one year after the date that the Interfor director designated by Ilim Timber Continental, S.A. (“Ilim”) 
ceased to be a director of Interfor (i.e. December 5, 2018), Ilim may not sell or otherwise transfer its Common 
Shares (other than a pledge to an acceptable third party lender) without the prior written consent of Interfor. 

Transfer Agent 

The transfer agent for our Common Shares is Computershare Investor Services Inc. at its 
principal offices in Vancouver, British Columbia. 

Material Contracts 

The following material contracts were entered into by the Company during or after 2017, or 
before 2017 but are still in effect: 

1.  Interfor September 2016 Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated for 

reference September 22, 2016, between the Company, each of the lenders named 
therein and Royal Bank of Canada in its capacity as the arranger and agent, as 
amended on September 15, 2017 to extend the maturity of the Company’s Canadian 
Operating Line of credit and Revolving Term Line from May 19, 2019 to September 
15, 2021. 

2.  Amended and Restated Note Purchase and Private Shelf Agreement dated as of 
March 16, 2015, between the Company, PGIM, Inc. and the purchasers named 
therein, as amended on April 20, 2015, February 9, 2016, September 22, 2016 and 
September 15, 2017.  The Series A senior secured notes issued under this 
agreement are for a principal amount of US$50 million, carry an annual interest rate 
of 4.33% and have a final maturity date of June 26, 2023.  The Series B senior 
secured notes issued under this agreement are for a principal amount of US$50 
million, carry an annual interest rate of 4.02% and have a final maturity date of June 
26, 2023.  The Series C senior secured notes issued under this agreement are for a 
principal amount of US$100 million, carry an annual interest rate of 4.17% and have 
a final maturity date of March 26, 2026.   

All of these contracts are available on www.sedar.com. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Annual Information Form 

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Directors and Officers 

Directors of the Company 

97

The following table sets out the Company’s directors as of February 8, 2018, their 
respective municipalities of residence, positions and offices held with the Company, principal 
occupations within the past five years and the period during which each director has served 
as a director: 

Name and 
Municipality of Residence 

Director Since 

Positions Held and Principal 
Occupations 

From 

To 

DUNCAN K. DAVIES  
Vancouver, BC, Canada 

November 1998 

President and Chief Executive Officer  
Interfor Corporation 

2000 

Present 

JEANE HULL 
Sheridan, WY, USA 

May 2014 

Director 
Epiroc AB 

2017 

Present 

PETER M. LYNCH 
Toronto, ON, Canada 

October 2006 

GORDON. H. MacDOUGALL 
West Vancouver, BC, Canada 

February 2007 

Director 
Cloud Peak Energy Inc. (NYSE: CLD) 

2016 

Present 

Executive Vice President and Chief 
Technical Officer 
Peabody Energy Corporation, a 
private-sector coal company 

Chair 
Dieffenbacher USA, Inc., a 
manufacturer and designer of press 
and forming systems 

2011 

2015 

2017 

Present 

President & CEO 
Dieffenbacher USA, Inc. 

2013 

2016 

Independent Business Consultant 

2010 

2013 

Director 
Connor, Clark & Lunn Financial 
Group, an asset management 
company. 

Vice Chair 
Connor, Clark & Lunn Investment 
Management Ltd. 

Partner 
Connor, Clark & Lunn Investment 
Management Partnership 

2014 

Present 

2006 

2014 

1986 

2014 

J. EDDIE McMILLAN  
Pensacola, FL, USA 

October 2006 

Independent Business Consultant 

2002 

Present 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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THOMAS V. MILROY 
Toronto, ON, Canada 

February 2016 

Director 
Restaurant Brands International Inc. 
(TSX/NYSE: QSR, TSX: QSP) 

2014 

Present 

GILLIAN PLATT 
Kelowna, BC, Canada 

October 2016 

E. LAWRENCE SAUDER 
Vancouver, BC, Canada 

April 1984 

DOUGLAS W.G.  
WHITEHEAD 
West Vancouver, BC, Canada 

April 2007 

Director 
Tim Hortons Inc. 

Managing Director 
Generation Capital Limited, a private 
investment company 

Chief Executive Officer 
BMO Capital Markets 

Director 
J2 Acquisition Limited 
(LSE: JTWO) 

Director 
CRH plc (LSE: CRH, ISE: CRG, NYSE: 
CRH), an Irish based building 
materials group 

Executive Vice President and Chief 
Human Resources Officer 
Finning International Inc., a 
distributor of Caterpillar products and 
support services 

2013 

2014 

2015 

Present 

2008 

2014 

2017 

Present 

2017 

Present 

2014 

2016 

Principal 
Gillian Platt & Associates, executive 
advisory and coaching practice 

2013 

2014 

Executive Vice President, Human 
Resources 
Aviva North America, a multi-national 
insurance company 

Chair 
Metrie Canada Ltd. (formerly Sauder 
Industries Limited), a manufacturer 
and distributor of interior finishings 

Chief Executive Officer,  Metrie 
Canada Ltd. (formerly Sauder 
Industries Limited), a manufacturer 
and distributor of building products 

Chair Hardwoods Distribution Inc. 
(TSX: HWD), a distributor of wood 
products 

Chair and Director 
Finning International Inc. (TSX: 
FTT), a distributor of Caterpillar 
products and support services 

2011 

2012 

2010 

Present 

2010 

2014 

2008 

Present 

2008 

Present 

Director 
Belkorp Industries Inc. 

2000 

Present 

Director 
Kal Tire 

2012 

Present 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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99

To our knowledge, two of the Company’s directors have in the last 10 years been an officer 
or director of a company that was subject to bankruptcy or similar proceedings or securities 
regulatory sanctions described in National Instrument 51-102 Continuous Disclosure 
Obligations while that person was acting in that capacity, or that resulted from an event 
that occurred while that person was acting in that capacity.  From 1993 to 2010, Mr. Lynch 
was an executive officer and director of Grant Forest Products Inc. (“Grant Forest”).  On 
June 25, 2009, Grant Forest and certain affiliated entities filed and obtained protection 
under the Companies’ Creditors Arrangement Act in order to restructure their business 
affairs and on November 27, 2015, Grant Forest filed for bankruptcy.  From April 2011 to 
July 31, 2015, Ms. Hull was the Executive Vice President and Chief Technical Officer of 
Peabody Energy Corporation (“Peabody”).  Peabody filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy 
protection on April 13, 2016 and emerged from Chapter 11 protection on April 3, 2017. 

The term of office for all current directors will end at the conclusion of the next Annual 
General Meeting of the Company’s shareholders.  The next Annual General Meeting is 
scheduled for Thursday, May 3, 2018. 

Committees of the Board 

The table below lists the committees of Interfor’s board of directors and their members as of 
February 8, 2018: 

Committees 

Audit 

Corporate Governance & Nominating Committee 

Management Resources & Compensation Committee 

Environment & Safety Committee 

Members 
Doug Whitehead (Chair) 
Jeane Hull 
Eddie McMillan 
Tom Milroy 

Eddie McMillan (Chair) 
Gord MacDougall 
Peter Lynch 

Gord MacDougall (Chair) 
Lawrence Sauder 
Peter Lynch 
Gillian Platt 
Doug Whitehead 

Jeane Hull (Chair) 
Tom Milroy 
Gillian Platt 
Lawrence Sauder 

Officers of the Company 

The following table sets out the Company’s officers as of February 8, 2018, their respective 
municipalities of residence and their principal occupations for at least the last five years: 

Name and  
Municipality of Residence 

Positions Held and Principal Occupations 

From 

To 

DUNCAN K. DAVIES  
Vancouver, BC, Canada 

President & Chief Executive Officer 
Interfor Corporation 

JOHN A. HORNING  
West Vancouver, BC, Canada 

Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer  
Interfor Corporation 

Senior Vice President & Chief Financial Officer  
Interfor Corporation 

2000 

Present 

2014 

Present 

2002 

2014 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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100

MARTIN L. JURAVSKY 
Toronto, ON, Canada 

Senior Vice President, Corporate Development and Strategy 
Interfor Corporation 

2014 

Present 

Vice President, Corporate Development and Strategy 
Interfor Corporation 

2013 

2014 

Business Consultant 

IAN M. FILLINGER 
Kamloops, BC, Canada 

Senior Vice President, Head of Operations 
Interfor Corporation 

Senior Vice President, Canadian Operations 
Interfor Corporation 

Vice President, Canadian Operations 
Interfor Corporation 

Senior General Manager 
Interfor Corporation 

2012 

2013 

2015 

Present 

2014 

2015 

2013 

2014 

2013 

2013 

General Manager, Adams Lake & Coastal Manufacturing 
Interfor Corporation 

2012 

2013 

General Manager, Adams Lake Division 
Interfor Corporation 

MARK W. STOCK 
North Vancouver, BC, Canada 

Senior Vice President, Human Resources 
Interfor Corporation 

Vice President, Human Resources 
Interfor Corporation 

Vice President, Global Human Resources  
Tree Island Industries Ltd. 

BART BENDER 
West Vancouver, BC, Canada 

Senior Vice President, Sales & Marketing 
Interfor Corporation 

Senior Vice President, Operations 
Ainsworth Lumber Co. 

Vice President, Sales 
Ainsworth Lumber Co. 

General Manager, Sales 
Ainsworth Lumber Co. 

XENIA KRITSOS 
Vancouver, BC, Canada 

General Counsel & Corporate Secretary 
Interfor Corporation 

General Counsel & Corporate Secretary 
Coalspur Mines Limited 

Senior Legal Counsel 
Hunter Dickinson Services Inc. 

2005 

2012 

2014 

Present 

2012 

2014 

2007 

2012 

2015 

Present 

2014 

2015 

2012 

2014 

2002 

2012 

2015 

Present 

2013 

2015 

2009 

2013 

As at December 31, 2017, the directors and officers of the Company as a group owned, 
directly or indirectly, or exercised control of or direction over 786,452 Common Shares 
representing approximately 1.12% of the outstanding Common Shares[1].  

[1] Based on Insider Reports filed on SEDI. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                
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101

Interest of Management and Others in Material Transactions 

Since the commencement of our current financial year, and for the three most recently 
completed financial years, no director or executive officer of the Company, no person or 
company that is the direct or indirect beneficial owner of, or who exercises control or 
direction over, more than 10% of the Company’s voting securities or any associate or 
affiliate of such persons, has had any material interest in any transaction involving the 
Company. 

Legal Proceedings 

We are not a party to, and our property is not the subject of, any material legal proceedings 
that took place in 2017, are currently underway, or which we know to be contemplated.  In 
November 2016, U.S. softwood lumber producers filed antidumping and countervailing duty 
petitions with the U.S. Department of Commerce, alleging that dumped and subsidized 
Canadian imports are causing material injury to the U.S. domestic industry.  Although 
Interfor has not been selected as a mandatory respondent in either of the antidumping or 
countervailing duty investigations, the outcome of these investigations will likely affect 
Interfor. 

Interests of Experts 

KPMG LLP are the external auditors of the Company and have confirmed that they are 
independent with respect to the Company within the meaning of the Rules of Professional 
Conduct of Institute of Chartered Professional Accountants of British Columbia and the 
applicable rules and regulations thereunder. 

Audit Committee Information 

The Company’s Audit Committee (the "Committee") is mandated to oversee the accounting 
and financial reporting processes of the Company and audits of its financial statements in 
accordance with the Board’s objectives.  The Committee’s functions include:  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

reviewing and, if appropriate, recommending approval by the Board of the 
Company’s annual and quarterly financial statements, management’s discussion and 
analysis and earnings press releases;  

reviewing and approving disclosures required to be included in the Company’s Annual 
Information Form and Management Information Circular relating to the Audit 
Committee and audit and non-audit services and fees;  

reviewing the process for certification, and the certification, of the interim and annual 
financial statements by the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer; 

reviewing all public disclosure containing financial results or financial information; 

reviewing matters related to internal controls over financial reporting of the 
Company and ensuring the Company has adequate internal controls procedures in 
place; 

reviewing the principal risks of the Company, other than the risks associated with the 
Company’s compensation policies and practices, and ensuring that an effective risk 
management strategy is in place; 

reviewing the Company’s derivatives policies and activities, including details of 
exposures to banks and other counterparties; 

 
 
 
  
 
 
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  overseeing the activities of and directly communicating with the Company’s external 

auditor; 

 

satisfying itself that adequate procedures are in place for the review of the public 
disclosure of financial information extracted or derived from the Company’s financial 
statements and periodically assessing the adequacy of those procedures;  

  establishing and periodically reviewing the policies and procedures for the receipt, 

retention and treatment of complaints received by the Company regarding 
accounting, internal accounting controls or auditing matters, and the confidential, 
anonymous submissions by the employees of the Company regarding questionable 
accounting or auditing matters; 

 

 

reviewing and approving the Company’s hiring policies regarding partners, 
employees and former partners and employees of the former and present external 
auditor; and 

reviewing the Company’s insurance programs, including the Company’s directors’ 
and officers’ insurance coverage, and making recommendations for their renewal or 
replacement.  

The Committee’s Terms of Reference, attached as Appendix “A” to this Annual Information 
Form, sets out its duties and responsibilities. 

The Committee met four times in 2017, in conjunction with regularly scheduled Board 
meetings. 

Members’ Financial Literacy, Expertise and Simultaneous Service 

The board of directors has determined that the members of the Audit Committee during 
2017 were, and all current members of the Audit Committee are, financially literate and 
independent as defined in National Instrument 52-110 – Audit Committees.  The table below 
indicates the relevant education and experience of each member of the Audit Committee: 

Relevant Education and Experience 

Director 

Past Occupation 

Douglas W.G. 
Whitehead  

Chair of the Audit 
Committee since May 
2012 

Jeane Hull 

Member since April 2016 

Mr. Whitehead is currently the Chair and a director of Finning International Inc. (TSX: 
FTT) (“Finning”).  He is also currently a director of Belkorp Industries Inc. and Kal Tire.  
From 2008 to 2016 Mr. Whitehead was Board Chair, and from 2000 to 2008 he was the 
President and Chief Executive Officer, of Finning.  Prior to joining Finning, Mr. 
Whitehead held a number of senior executive positions with Fletcher Challenge Canada, 
including President and Chief Executive Officer, Senior Vice President and Chief 
Operating Officer and Vice President of the Crown Packaging Division.  Previously, he 
served as director of Inmet Mining Corporation, Ballard Power Systems Inc., Terasen 
Inc., Fletcher Challenge Canada, Finlay Forest Industries and Timberwest Forest 
Limited.  Mr. Whitehead holds a Bachelor of Applied Science (Engineering) from the 
University of British Columbia and a Master of Business Administration from the 
University of Western Ontario. 

Ms. Hull is currently a director of Cloud Peak Energy Inc. (NYSE: CLD) and Epiroc AB.  
From 2011 to 2015, she was Executive Vice President and Chief Technical Officer at 
Peabody Energy Corporation, a private-sector coal company.  Prior to joining Peabody 
in 2007, she held numerous management, engineering and operations positions with 
Rio Tinto and its affiliates, lastly as COO of the Kennecott Utah Copper business.  Prior 
thereto, she spent 12 years with Mobil Mining and Minerals, and Mobil Chemical 
Company.  She is Chair of the University of Wyoming School of Energy Resources 
Council.  She also serves on the Advisory Board for South Dakota School of Mines and 
Technology. She holds a Bachelor of Science (Civil Eng.) from South Dakota School of 
Mines & Technology and a Master of Business Administration from Nova Southeastern 
University. 

 
 
 
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Eddie McMillan 

Member since April 2016 

Thomas V. Milroy 

Member since April 2016 

Mr. McMillan is an independent business consultant. From 1998 until his retirement in 
2002, he was Executive Vice President – Wood Products Group of Willamette Industries 
Inc., a forest products company.  Prior to 1998, Mr. McMillan held various management 
positions with Willamette Industries Inc. Over the years, he has served as a director of 
Forest Express, Inc. and has been associated with numerous industry association 
boards, including the American Plywood Association, National Particleboard Association, 
Particleboard and MDF Institute, Southern Forest Products Association, Western Wood 
Products Association, National Association of Lumber Wholesalers and the American 
Forest and Paper Association.  He holds a Bachelor of Science (Accounting/Business 
Administration) from Louisiana Tech University. 

Mr. Milroy is a director of Restaurant Brands International Inc. (TSX/NYSE: QSR, TSX: 
QSP) and has served on that board, as well as one of its predecessor companies since 
2013.  He also serves as a director of J2 Acquisition Limited (LSE: JTWO) since 
2017.  He is currently Managing Director of Generation Capital Limited, a private 
investment company.  Prior to that, Mr. Milroy worked for BMO Financial Group from 
1993 to 2015, most recently serving as Chief Executive Officer of BMO Capital Markets 
from 2008 to 2014, where he was responsible for all of BMO’s business involving 
corporate, institutional and government clients globally.  Mr. Milroy holds a Bachelor of 
Law and Master of Law from Cambridge University, an LLB from Dalhousie University, 
and a Bachelor of Arts from McGill University.  He has also completed the Advanced 
Management Program at the Harvard Business School.  Mr. Milroy is a member of the 
Law Society of Upper Canada. 

Audit Fees 

The Committee annually recommends the appointment of the Company’s external auditors 
and approves the annual audit plan and compensation of the external auditors for all audit, 
audit related and non-audit services.  In the case of non-audit services, the services and 
compensation are approved by the Committee before the services commence. 

KPMG LLP, Chartered Professional Accountants, Vancouver, are the independent auditors of 
the Company.  Fees paid or accrued to KPMG LLP for audit and other services for the years 
ended December 31, 2016 and 2017, were as follows: 

Audit fees  
Fees billed for professional services rendered.  

Audit-related fees 
Audit-related fees consist principally of fees for professional services rendered 
with respect to audits of a defined benefit pension plan and subsidiary 
companies. 

Tax fees  
Tax fees consist of fees for tax compliance services, planning and related 
services, personal tax (foreign and domestic) compliance and planning advice, 
indirect tax recovery audit contingency fees which are based on percentage of 
recoveries.  

All Other fees  
Forestry certification. 

TOTAL  

Code of Ethics 

2017 

2016 

$555,900 

$538,200 

47,700 

46,826 

98,059 

43,177 

68,850 

66,300 

$770,509 

$694,503 

We have adopted a code of ethics that applies to our directors, officers and employees.  A 
copy of the code, entitled “Code of Conduct & Ethics”, can be found on our website at 
www.interfor.com. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Annual Information Form 

____________________ 

Additional Information 

104

Additional information relating to the Company, including directors’ and officers’ 
remuneration and indebtedness, principal holders of the Company’s securities and securities 
authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans, is contained in the Company’s 
Information Circular for its most recent annual meeting of shareholders that involved the 
election of directors. 

Additional financial information about the Company is provided in the Company’s audited 
consolidated financial statements and Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year 
ended December 31, 2017. 

Copies of the documents referred to above and additional information relating to the 
Company are available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com, on the Company’s website 
www.interfor.com and may also be obtained upon request from:   

Interfor Corporation 

  General Counsel & Corporate Secretary 

3500-1055 Dunsmuir Street 
Vancouver, British Columbia  
Canada, V7X 1H7 
Telephone:  604 689 6800 
Facsimile:  604 689 6825 
E-mail:  corporatesecretary@interfor.com

 
 
 
 
 
Annual Information Form 

____________________ 

Appendix “A” 

PURPOSE  

AUDIT COMMITTEE 
Terms of Reference 

105

The Audit Committee has been established by the Board and under powers delegated to it 
by the Board is mandated to oversee the accounting and financial reporting processes of the 
Company and audits of its financial statements in accordance with the Board Objective. 

COMPOSITION AND TERM OF OFFICE  

1. 

The Audit Committee shall consist of four or more Directors.   

2. 

3. 

4. 

All members of the Audit Committee shall be independent within the meaning of 
National Instrument 52-110 (“NI 52-110”). 

All members must be financially literate within the meaning of NI 52-110 or become 
financially literate within a reasonable period following appointment and at least one 
member should have accounting or related expertise. 

The Chair of the Audit Committee along with other Audit Committee members will be 
appointed annually by the Board following the AGM to hold office until the next AGM, 
unless any member becomes unable to serve or is removed by the Board.  A casual 
vacancy may be filled and additional members may be appointed at any time by the 
Board to hold office until the next AGM.   

5. 

A quorum shall consist of a simple majority. 

DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES  

The Audit Committee shall perform the following functions, as well as any other functions 
specifically authorized by the Board: 

Financial Disclosure, Risk Management and Internal Controls 

1. 

Review the following documents before the public disclosure of same by the Company, 
and, if appropriate, recommend approval by the Board of the Company’s: 

a.  annual and quarterly financial statements;  

b.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis; and 

c.  annual and interim earnings press releases. 

The review will involve direct discussions with Management and the Company’s 
external auditor (the “Auditor”), including an opportunity for an in-camera meeting 
with the Auditor independent of Management.  

2. 

Review and approve the disclosures required by applicable securities laws to be 
included in the Company’s Annual Information Form and Management Information 
Circular relating to the Audit Committee and audit and non-audit services and fees. 

 
 
 
Annual Information Form 

____________________ 

106

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

Review the process for certification of the interim and annual financial statements by 
the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) and the 
certifications made by the CEO and CFO. 

Review all news releases announcing financial results, containing financial information 
based on unreleased financial results or non-GAAP financial measures or providing 
earnings guidance, forward-looking financial information and future-oriented financial 
information or financial outlooks before the public disclosure of same by the Company. 

Review financial information contained in any prospectus, take-over bid circular, issuer 
bid circular, rights offering circular and any other document that the Audit Committee 
is to review before the public disclosure of same by the Company, and, if appropriate, 
recommend approval by the Board. 

Review matters related to internal controls over financial reporting of the Company 
and ensure the Company has adequate procedures in place in respect thereof.  Ensure 
that the necessary measures are taken to follow up suggestions from the Auditor’s 
reports. 

Review the principal risks of the Company, other than the risks associated with the 
Company’s compensation policies and practices, and ensure that an effective risk 
management strategy is in place. 

Review the Company’s derivatives policies and activities, including details of exposures 
to banks and other counterparties. 

External Auditor 

9. 

Review and recommend to the Board the appointment of the Auditor to be nominated 
for the purposes of preparing or issuing an Auditor’s report and performing other 
audit, review or attest services for the Company. 

10.  Establish the mandate of the Auditor, including the annual engagement, audit plan, 

audit scope and compensation for the audit services, subject to shareholder approval. 

11.  Oversee the activities of the Auditor.  The Auditor shall report directly to the Audit 

Committee. 

12.  Directly communicate and meet with the Auditor, with and without Management 

present, to discuss the results of their examinations. 

13.  Review the independence of the Auditor, any rotation of the partners assigned to the 
audit in accordance with applicable laws and professional standards, the internal 
quality control findings of the Auditor’s firm and peer reviews. 

14.  Review the performance of the Auditor, including the relationship between the Auditor 

and Management and the evaluation of the lead partner of the Auditor. 

15.  Resolve disagreements between Management and the Auditor regarding financial 

reporting. 

16.  Review material written communications between the Auditor and Management. 

 
 
 
Annual Information Form 

____________________ 

Non-Audit Services 

107

17.  Pre-approve non-audit services.  The Audit Committee may delegate to one or more of 
its members the authority to pre-approve non-audit services.  The pre-approval of 
non-audit services by any member to whom authority has been delegated shall be 
presented to the Committee at its first scheduled meeting following such pre-approval. 

Company Policies 

18.  Satisfy itself that adequate procedures are in place for the review of the public 

disclosure of financial information extracted or derived from the Company’s financial 
statements and periodically assess the adequacy of those procedures. 

19.  Establish and periodically review the policies and procedures for the receipt, retention 
and treatment of complaints received by the Company regarding accounting, internal 
accounting controls or auditing matters, and the confidential, anonymous submissions 
by the employees of the Company regarding questionable accounting or auditing 
matters.  

20.  Review and approve the Company’s hiring policies regarding partners, employees and 

former partners and employees of the former and present Auditor. 

Insurance 

21.  Review the Company’s insurance programs, including the Company’s directors’ and 
officers’ insurance coverage, and make recommendations for their renewal or 
replacement. 

MEETINGS AND PROCEDURES 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

The Audit Committee shall meet a minimum of four (4) times per year and, subject to 
these Terms of Reference and applicable law, otherwise establish its procedures and 
govern itself as the members of the Audit Committee may see fit in order to carry out 
and fulfill its duties and responsibilities hereunder.  Extraordinary meetings of the 
Audit Committee may be called at the request of a member on the Audit Committee or 
the Chair of the Board to be held at such times and places as the person calling such 
meeting may determine.  

A majority of members of the Audit Committee will constitute a quorum (provided that 
a quorum shall not be less than two (2) members).  Decisions of the Audit Committee 
will be by an affirmative vote of the majority of those members of the Audit 
Committee voting at a meeting.  In the event of an equality of votes, the Chair will not 
have a casting or deciding vote.  The Audit Committee may also act by resolution in 
writing signed by all the members of the Audit Committee. 

The Audit Committee shall appoint a Secretary who shall keep minutes or other 
records of its meetings and proceedings.  

The Chair of the Audit Committee shall report to the Board at its next regular meeting 
the Audit Committee’s deliberations and recommendations, if any, requiring the 
Board’s approval. 

 
 
 
Annual Information Form 

____________________ 

OTHER MATTERS 

108

1. 

2. 

The Audit Committee is authorized to engage any outside advisor it deems necessary 
to carry out its duties and responsibilities and to arrange payment of the advisor’s 
compensation by the Company.   

The Audit Committee may, at the request of the Board or at its own initiative, 
investigate such other matters as it considers appropriate in furtherance of the Audit 
Committee’s purpose. 

 
 
 
 
 
109 

GLOSSARY 

Unless otherwise noted, all financial references in this Annual Report are in Canadian 
Dollars. 

“Adjusted EBITDA” EBITDA excluding long term incentive compensation, other income 
(expense), and post-closure wind-down costs and losses (recoveries). 

“Adjusted EBITDA margin” Adjusted EBITDA divided by total sales. 

“Adjusted net earnings” Net earnings (loss) before restructuring costs, capital asset write-
downs and other costs, other foreign exchange gains (losses), long term incentive compensation, 
other income (expense), post-closure wind-down costs and losses (recoveries), the income tax 
effect of the aforementioned adjustments, and recognition of previously unrecognized deferred 
tax assets. 

“Allowable Annual Cut (AAC)” The average annual volume of timber which the holder of a 
licence from the Province of British Columbia may harvest on Crown land under the licence in a 
five-year control period. 

“Cash flow from operations” Cash flow provided by operating activities before considering 
changes in operating working capital. 

“Custom cutting” An arrangement under which a mill contracts to cut logs owned by a 
customer into products of specifications defined by the customer. 

“Crown” Administrative agency of the provincial government of British Columbia. 

“EBITDA” Earnings before finance costs, income taxes, depreciation, depletion, amortization, 
restructuring costs, asset write-downs and other costs, and other foreign exchange gains 
(losses). 

“Forest Licence” Replaceable, volume-based timber cutting rights for a specific volume of 
Crown timber within a Timber Supply area. 

“Invested capital” The total of net debt and shareholders’ equity. 

“m³” A measure of one cubic metre of solid wood, British Columbia metric scale, as determined 
under the Forest Act, equal to 35.3 cubic feet of solid wood. 

“mfbm” or “Mbf” One thousand foot board measure equal to one thousand square feet of 
lumber, one inch thick. 

“Net debt” The total of long-term debt and bank indebtedness, less cash and cash equivalents. 

“Return on invested capital” Adjusted EBITDA divided by average invested capital. 

“Silviculture” The art and science of controlling the establishment, growth, composition, health 
and quality of forests. 

“Stumpage” A charge assessed by the provincial government on all Crown timber harvested. 

“Sustained yield (sustainable log supply)” The yield that a forest area can produce on an 
ongoing basis without impairment of the long-term productivity of the land. 

“Timber Licence” Non-replaceable, area based, Crown timber cutting rights. 

“Tree Farm Licence” A renewable 25-year licence to manage a forest area to yield an annual 
harvest on a sustainable basis. 

“Value-added product” A commodity or other product that has been further processed to 
increase financial value. 

“Whitewood” Includes coastal species Hemlock, Balsam Fir, Douglas-Fir and Spruce; the term 
whitewood is used on the British Columbia Coast to differentiate the above species from Western 
Red Cedar and Yellow Cedar. 

 
 
110

DIRECTORS 

As of March 27, 2018 

Duncan K. Davies  

Vancouver, BC, Canada 

Jeane Hull 

Sheridan, WY, US 

Peter M. Lynch  

Toronto, ON, Canada 

Gordon H. MacDougall  

Thomas V. Milroy 

Toronto, ON, Canada 

Gillian Platt 

Kelowna, BC, Canada 

E. Lawrence Sauder  

Vancouver, BC, Canada 

Douglas W.G. Whitehead  

West Vancouver, BC, Canada 

West Vancouver, BC, Canada 

J. Eddie McMillan  

Pensacola, FL, US 

OFFICERS 

As of March 27, 2018 

E. Lawrence Sauder 

Chair 

John A. Horning  

Duncan K. Davies  

President & Chief Executive Officer 

Martin L. Juravsky 

Executive Vice President  

Senior Vice President & Chief Financial Officer 

Ian M. Fillinger 

Mark W. Stock 

Senior Vice President & Chief Operating Officer 

Senior Vice President, Human Resources & IT 

Bart Bender 

Xenia Kritsos 

Senior Vice President, Sales & Marketing 

General Counsel & Corporate Secretary 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
111 

Transfer Agent 
Computershare Investor  
Services Inc. 
Vancouver, BC and Toronto, ON 

CORPORATE INFORMATION  

Stock Exchange 
Common Shares listed on  
The Toronto Stock Exchange 
Symbol:  IFP 

Investor Contact 
Martin Juravsky 
Senior Vice President & Chief 
Financial Officer 
Tel:  (604) 689-6873 
martin.juravsky@interfor.com 

Auditors 
KPMG LLP, Vancouver, BC 

Corporate Office  
Tel:  (604) 689-6800 
Fax: (604) 688-0313 
P.O. Box 49114 
3500-1055 Dunsmuir Street 
Vancouver, BC  V7X 1H7 

SALES AND MARKETING 

North America – Specialty 
Tel:  (604) 422-3400 
Fax: (604) 422-3244 
1600 - 4720 Kingsway 
Metrotower II 
Burnaby, BC, Canada  V5H 4N2 

North America – Southern 
Yellow Pine 
Tel:  (770) 282-3250 
Fax: (770) 486-6837 
700 Westpark Drive, Suite 100 
Peachtree City, GA, US  30269 

North America – Western 
Commodity Lumber 
Tel:  1-844-702-2860 
Fax: (604) 422-3232 
1600 - 4720 Kingsway 
Metrotower II 
Burnaby, BC, Canada  V5H 4N2 

Export – All Species/Inquiries  
Tel:  (604) 422-3468 
Fax: (604) 422-3250 
1600-4720 Kingsway 
Metrotower II 
Burnaby, BC, Canada  V5H 4N2 

China 
Tel: +86-21-6333-6268 
Fax: +86-21-6333-6290 
Unit 1007, Tower No. 1 
No. 268 Zhongshan South Road 
Shanghai, 200010, China 

Japan 
Tel: +03-5641-2351 
Fax: +03-5641-2383 
Kasahara Bldg. 6F, 1-7-7 
Nihonbashi, Ningyocho, Chuo-ku 
Tokyo, Japan 103 - 0013 

Europe 
Tel: +33-2-40-32-05-25 
Fax: +33-2-40-32-02-25 
ZI Cheviré 
7 rue de l'Houmaille 
44340 BOUGUENAIS, France 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OPERATIONS AND LOCATIONS 

Acorn Division 
(Sawmill) 
Tel:   (604) 581-0494 
Fax:  (604) 581-5757 
9355 Alaska Way  
Delta, BC  V4C 4R7 

Castlegar Division 
(Sawmill and Woodlands) 
Tel:   (250) 365-4400 
Fax:  (604) 422-3252 
P.O. Box 3728 
2705 Arrow Lakes Drive  
Castlegar, BC  V1N 3W4 

Eatonton Division  
(Sawmill) 
Tel:  (706) 485-4271 
Fax: (706) 485-3879 
370 Dennis Station Road SW 
Eatonton, GA  31024 

Grand Forks Division 
(Sawmill and Woodlands) 
Tel:  (250) 443-2400 
Fax: (604) 422-3253 
P.O. Box 39 
570 68th Ave. 
Grand Forks, BC  V0H 1H0 

Meldrim Division 
(Sawmill) 
Tel:  (912) 748-7310 
Fax: (912) 584-7099 
P.O. Box Drawer A 
Meldrim, GA 31318  
(mailing address) 
911 Old River Road 
Bloomingdale, GA 31302 

Adams Lake Division 
(Sawmill and Woodlands) 
Tel:  (250) 679-3234 
Fax: (250) 679-3545 
9200 Holding Road 
Chase, BC  V0E 1M2 

Cedarprime 
(Remanufacturing) 
Interfor Cedarprime Inc.  
Tel:  (360) 988-2120  
Fax: (360) 988-2126 
601C West Front Street 
Sumas, WA  98295 

Georgetown Division 
(Sawmill) 
Tel:  (843) 546-6138 
Fax: (843) 527-4033 
2701 Indian Hut Road 
Georgetown, SC 29440-9146 

Hammond Division 
(Sawmill) 
Tel:  (604) 465-5401 
Fax: (604) 422-3221 
20580 Maple Crescent 
Maple Ridge, BC  V2X 1B1 

Molalla Division 
(Sawmill) 
Tel:  (503) 829-9131 
Fax: (503) 829-5481 
15555 S. Hwy. 211 
Molalla, OR  97038 

112

Baxley Division 
(Sawmill) 
Tel:  (912) 367-3671 
Fax: (912) 367-1500 
1830 Golden Isles East 
Baxley, GA  31513 

Coastal Woodlands Division  
(Woodlands) 
Tel:  (250) 286-1881 
Fax: (250) 286-3412 
1250A Ironwood Street 
Campbell River, BC  V9W 6H5 

Gilchrist Division 
(Sawmill) 
Tel:  (541) 433-2222 
Fax: (541) 433-9581 
P.O. Box 638 
#1 Sawmill Road  
Gilchrist, OR  97737 

Longview Division 
(Sawmill) 
Tel:  (360) 575-3600 
Fax: (360) 575-3628 
540 3rd Ave. 
Longview, WA 98632 

Monticello Division 
(Sawmill) 
Tel:  (870) 224-7200 
Fax: (870) 367-7924 
211 Old Troy Road 
Monticello, AR 71655 

Perry Division 
(Sawmill & Remanufacturing) 
Tel:  (478) 987-2105 
Fax: (478) 987-5773 
903 Jernigan Street 
Perry, GA  31069-3435 

Port Angeles Division 
(Sawmill) 
Tel:  (360) 457-6266 
Fax: (360) 457-1486 
243701 Highway 101 West 
Port Angeles, WA  98363 

Preston Division 
(Sawmill) 
Tel:  (229) 828-4265 
Fax: (229) 828-4370 
378 Tolleson Road 
Preston, GA  31824 

Swainsboro Division 
(Sawmill) 
Tel: (912) 562-4441 
Fax: (912) 562-3621 
8796 Highway 297 
Swainsboro, GA  30401 

Thomaston Division 
(Sawmill) 
Tel:  (706) 648-4900 
Fax: (706) 646-3534 
75 Ben Hill Road 
Thomaston, GA  30286